tIBRAIT FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. FERNS : BRITISH & FOREIGN. THEIR HISTORY, ORGANOGRAPHY, CLASSIFICATION, AND ENUMERATION. A TREATISE ON THEIR CULTIVATION, ETC. ETC. BY JOHN SMITH, A.L.S. ACAD. CJE8. NAT. CUE. SOC., AND EX-CUBATOB OF THE BOYAL BOTANIC GABDENS, KEW. LONDON: ROBERT HARDWICKE, 192, PICCADILLY. 1866. uea\*t :qdit$ie«£ AV* the gardens of the wealthy. Ferns, on the contrary, may, as a general rule, be grown in a comparatively inexpensive manner. The discovery made by Mr. N. B. Ward, that these plants can be grown to great perfection in small ornamental closed cases (now well known as " Wardian Cases "), suitable not only for the drawing-rooms of the wealthy, but for humbler dwellings, renders it pos- sible for amateurs to indulge their love of Ferns without going to the expense of erecting hothouses and em- ploying a staff of gardeners ; and it is to be hoped that this will be the means of retaining them in favour and spreading them still "wider. The enumeration in the following pages shows that at the present time above nine hundred exotic species of Ferns are cultivated in the various public and private gardens in this country; and of these by far the greater number have been introduced during the last quarter of a century. A very large, indeed almost a complete, collection of them may at present be seen in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew, where, during forty years, I devoted attention to their cultivation, and to the study of their generic and specific distinctions, using every endeavour in my power, assisted by the extensive influence of the eminent Director, Sir W. J. Hooker, to introduce new species, both by raising them from spores taken from my herbarium, and through correspon- dence with persons residing in our Colonies and the Superintendents of Botanic and other gardens on the Continent. Being well acquainted with the latter branch of the subject, — the introduction of new HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OP EXOTIC FERNS. 3 species, — I have thought that a few pages devoted to the history of these plants in its connection with our gardens might prove acceptable. My own personal knowledge dates from about the year 1822 ; and for information respecting those in cultivation previous to that time, I have taken for my guide the most im- portant and most reliable of the garden catalogues. The first work upon which dependence can be placed for the early-introduced species is the so-called second edition of the " Hortus Kewensis," published by the younger Aiton, in 1813 ; I say the so-called, for there were in reality two previous editions — one by Dr. John Hill, in 1768, and a second by William Aiton, in 1789. In the first of these only ten exotic species are recorded as being in the garden at Kew, which then belonged to the Princess of Wales, but the dates of their introduction are not given; and in the second, that of the elder Aiton, thirty-four, all of which have the name of their supposed introducer attached to them, and the date at which they were introduced. I here give preference to the last edition, as I know, from personal intercourse with the com- pilers, that great care was exercised in its prepara- tion, particularly with regard to the rectification of dates, and I shall take it as the basis of my remarks. But, in the first place, it is necessary to say a few words in defence of that work. It has been asserted that a considerable number of the plants enumerated in the ( ' Hortus Kewensis " never existed in a living state, either in the garden at Kew or elsewhere in this country. This statement, however, is merely supposition,, and rests upon questionable authority. In the early days of Kew Gardens, large E 2 4 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. sums of money were devoted to the payment of bota- nical collectors, and great exertions were made, under the patronage of Sir Joseph Banks, to stimulate the introduction of new and rare plants, by inducing the commanders of ships of war and East-Indiamen to take an interest in the subject. By these means a very large number of plants were actually introduced into the country in a living state ; but the Department under whose charge the garden then was, took no steps to provide proper accommodation ; and this, together with the very frequent change of foremen, led, as a natural consequence, to the death of the plants. Taking, then, the third " Hortus Kewensis," and excluding our indigenous species, I find that the total number of " Garden Ferns " introduced previously to the year 1813 amounts to as many as eighty-three. The merit of being the first introducer of these plants belongs to Mr. John Tradescant* the younger, who in early life made a voyage to Virginia ; and I find it recorded in Parkinson's " Theatrum Botanicum," published in 1640, that upon his return from that country in 1628 he brought with him, amongst other rare plants, the Cystopteris bulbifera and Adiantum pedatum. These, therefore, must be regarded as the nucleus of our present large collections. At first the progress seems to have been exceedingly slow, for between the time of Tradescant and the close of the seventeenth century, only five additional species were introduced ; viz., Asplenium rhizophyllum and Onoclea * John Tradescant had a Botanic, Garden and Museum at Lambeth. HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OP EXOTIC FERNS. 5 sensibilis from North. America, the former in 1680 and the latter in 1699, in which year also Adiantum reni- forme and Davallia Canariensis were brought from Madeira, while the fifth, Bleclmum australe, was, according to Plukenet, who figured it in the second part of his " Phytographia," cultivated in the King's garden at Hampton Court as early as the year 1671, when his work was published, the garden there containing a considerable collection of rare plants. During the next forty-two years no additions appear to have been made, excepting the Phlebodium aureunij which was introduced by Lord Petre at some time prior to 1742, the date of his death, the precise year being unknown. Progressing onwards, I do not find any more recorded until the year 1 769 ; but between that year and the commencement of the following century sixty-eight species were added to the eight already existing in our gardens. Out of this large number, no less than thirty- seven were brought home by Kear-Admiral Bligh, in H.M.S. Providence, on his return, in 1793, from his second voyage, undertaken for the purpose of introducing the Bread-fruit and other useful trees into our West Indian colonies. And, finally, during the first few years of the present century, up to 1813, the date of the publication of the "Hortus Kewensis," seven others were introduced. A summary of the foregoing shows that upwards of one-half of the Ferns known at the last-mentioned date were West Indian species, forty-four having been received at various times from those islands, the majority through Blights expedition. North America and Madeira, with the neighbouring islands, stand 6 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. next as the largest contributors, fifteen having been introduced from the former and twelve from the latter country ; while of the remaining sixteen, four appear to have come from the East Indies, four from the Cape of Good Hope, three from New Holland, and one from St. Helena, — making in all eighty-three species. The next catalogue of garden plants worthy of notice is the "Hortus Suburbanus Londinensis," published in 1818, only five years after the " Hortus Kewensis," by Mr. Sweet, the Superintendent of the then celebrated nursery of Mr. Colville, at Chelsea. In it I find an enumeration of one hundred and eight exotic ferns ; but this work, like the similar more im- portant "Hortus Britannicus," brought out by the in- defatigable London in 1 830, and which contains no less than three hundred and thirty exotic Ferns, includes not only a considerable proportion of bad species, but also a large number that did not really exist in British gardens, many having been entered without authentic evidence, and others added upon the mere expectation that they might shortly be introduced, — expectations which, in many cases, have not been realized to this day. No reliance can therefore be placed upon either of these works, and I cannot accept them as authorities. During the latter part of the eighteenth century and the commencement of the nineteenth, the only pri- vate individuals who turned their attention, with any amount of energy, to the introduction of new and rare plants, were the long- and far-famed nurserymen at Hackney, the Messrs. Loddiges; and to them we owe the greater part, if not the whole, of the HISTORY OP INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC TERNS. 7 Ferns existing at that period in British gardens, and not included in the " Hortus Kewensis." Speaking from my personal recollection of the im- portant collection of plants in the Hackney Nursery, as it existed in the year 1825, I think it contained about a hundred good species of exotic Ferns j but I can obtain no earlier catalogue than one published in 1849, in which two hundred and fifty-one are enumerated. In the year 1822 I found the collection of Ferns at Kew extremely poor, especially as regards Tropical species, very many of those introduced in previous years having been lost, and very few new ones added. Any person who remembers the hothouses in existence forty years ago, will have but little difficulty in accounting for the falling off of the Fern collection. In those days hot-water pipes were unknown, and the houses were exclusively heated by means of brick flues, too often imperfectly constructed, and the excessively dry and ungenial atmosphere thus induced was quite unsuited for the good cultivation or even for the mere preservation of these moisture- loving plants. Nearly all the North American species enumerated in the ' f Hortus Kewensis " were growing very finely in a north border, and most of the Madeira species were also in existence; but, including these and the few added since 1813, I cannot estimate the entire Kew collection of exotic Ferns at that period at more than forty species. Between 1813 and 1846, when my first Catalogue of the Ferns at Kew appeared, no reliable list was published in this country. Several, however, were brought out by Continental botanists, which 8 FEKNS : BEITISH AND POEEIGN. are of sufficient importance to be worthy of a passing notice. The first of these in point of date is the " Enumeratio Plantarum Horti Regii Botanici Bero- linensis," by Wildenow, published in 1809, with a Supplement by Schlechtendal, bringing it down to 1813. We are thus enabled to compare the num- bers in the Kew and Berlin gardens at the same period; which were eighty-three in the former, and thirty in the latter, including eleven not known at Kew. During the succeeding nine years more atten- tion appears to have been given to Ferns at the Berlin garden; for Link, in his first "Enumeratio," in 1822, describes ninety-one exotic species, which is more than double the number then existing at Kew. After this the increase in number was still more rapid; for in the second edition of Link's " Enumeratio," published in 1833, no less than two hundred and thirty-nine are described ; and in the third, in 1841, two hundred and fifty-eight, exclusive of varieties. By this time, however, the collection at Kew had received large additions, both through importations of living plants and by raising from spores. In 1845 it was so extensive that I was induced to draw up a classified enumeration, which was pub- lished as an appendix to the Botanical Magazine for 1846. The number of exotic species there enume- rated is three hundred and forty-eight, and I do not think many were to be found in other gardens in this country which were not at Kew, so that the Kew list may be taken as a guide to "the number then in British gardens generally. Four years later, Kunze, of Leipzig, contributed to HISTORY OP INTRODUCTION OP EXOTIC PERNS. 9 the 23rd volnme of the "Linnaea" an alphabetical index of the Ferns cultivated in European gardens, and in this the large number of eight hundred and forty-three exotic species are enumerated ; but the authorities upon which a very considerable portion of these were inserted cannot be relied upon, many names having been taken from such catalogues as those of Sweet, London, &c., and I am therefore obliged to con- clude that the number given by Kunze as living in Europe in 1850 is greatly exaggerated. This con- clusion, too, is confirmed by the fact that in 1857, after I had by correspondence become acquainted with the collections in the principal gardens on the Conti- nent, and after that at Kew had obtained most of their novelties by means of exchange, I could, in my " Catalogue of Cultivated Ferns," enumerate only five hundred and sixty exotic species as known in British gardens. Since the last-mentioned year, the con- stantly increasing demand for Ferns consequent upon their wider spread cultivation, has greatly stimulated the introduction of new ones, and our collections have increased at the rate of about fifty species a year. It now remains to say a few words regarding the means by which these plants have been obtained, and the persons who have been most active in introducing them, taking the Kew collection as a foundation. Firstly, with reference to the paid collectors employed in various parts of the world, directly or indirectly in the service of the Koyal Botanic Garden, Kew, and to whom that garden is indebted for additions to its Fern collection. It would appear that so long back as the year 1775 Mr. Francis Masson, one of the earliest, if 10 FERNS I BEITTSH AND FOREIGN. not tlie earliest, collector sent out from Kew, and who succeeded in introducing large numbers of Cape Pro- teacece and Ericaceae, sent home several Ferns from the Cape of Good Hope and Madeira. This collector proceeded to the Cape in 1774, and came home by way of Madeira about the year 1778, returning again in 1786, and remaining at the Cape during the nine following years. Early in the present century Mr. Afesa»der Caley, who was originally a horse-doctor, residing near Birmingham, but acquired a love for plants through collecting h.erbs, was sent out by Sir Joseph Banks to New South Wales, and to him we owe Platy cerium alcicorne, Doodia aspera, and Davallia pyxidata, the first introductions from Aus- tralia, received about the year 1808. The next col- lectors to whom the garden was indebted for Ferns, are the Messrs. Allan Cunningham and James Bowie. They left Kew in 1814, on a botanical expedition to Brazil, where they remained exploring the country and sending home large collections till 1816, when the former proceeded to New South Wales, and the latter to the Cape of Good Hope. No living Ferns appear to have resulted from the Brazilian ex- pedition ; but several Australian species and one or two from Norfolk Island were received from Mr. Cunningham, and two or three from Mr. Bowie from the Cape. Several other collectors were employed in the ser- vice of these gardens, when under the Directorship of Mr. Aiton, such as Messrs. Barclay and Armstrong ; but I can trace no Ferns to them, nor, with certainty, to David Lockhart, a gardener from Kew, who accom- panied the ill-fated expedition of Captain Tuckey up HISTORY OP INTRODUCTION OP EXOTIC FERNS. 11 the Congo, in 1816, though I believe it possible that some of the first-known Western- African species are attributable to him. Lockhart was one of the few who did not fall a victim to the deadly climate of that country. After lying a long time in the hospital at Bahia, he returned to England, and shortly afterwards received the appointment of Superintendent of the Botanic Garden in Trinidad, where he died in 1845, after a service of a quarter of a century in that island, during which period he sent many fine plants to Kew. The principal collectors employed directly or indi- rectly in the service of Kew during the Directorship of Sir William Hooker, and to whom the garden is in- debted for any additions to its Fern collection, are Messrs. Purdie, Seemann, Milne, Barter, and Mann. The first of these, Mr. William Purdie, was engaged as collector in 1843, in which year he was despatched to Jamaica, and after spending several months in the exploration of that island, and forwarding many valuable plants to Kew, he proceeded to Santa Martha, and was employed for more than two years in various parts of New Granada. To him we are indebted not only for numerous showy flowering plants, but for a considerable number of our garden Ferns. Upon the death of Mr. Thomas Edmonston,* Mr. (now Dr.) Berthold Seemann was appointed his suc- cessor, as botanist to H.M.S. Herald, and joined that vessel at Panama, in January, 1847, remaining with her until her return to England in June, 1851. Previously * Mr. Edrnonston was shot by the accidental discharge of a rifle, at Sua Bay, Ecuador, January 24, 1846. 12 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. to joining the Herald, he explored several parts of Panama and Veraguas, and while on board the Herald visited various parts of the western coast of America, between Lima on the south and California on the north, occasionally making long journeys inland, particularly in Peru, Ecuador, and Mexico. He likewise accompanied the Herald in her three voyages to the Arctic regions in search of the ill-fated Sir John Franklin ; visited twice the Sand- wich Islands ; and returned home by way of Hong- Kong, Singapore, and the Cape of Good Hope. Not- withstanding the few facilities afforded by surveying expeditions for collecting living plants, Dr. Seemann succeeded in introducing some interesting ones to our gardens ; and among Ferns we may mention two very remarkable ones, Deparia prolifera from the Sandwich Islands, and Dictyoxiphium Panamense from Panama. On the Herald being recommissioned in 1852, Mr. William Milne was appointed assistant-botanist, for the special purpose of collecting plants for the "Royal Gardens. During the six years he was attached to the Herald he visited New Caledonia, the Fiji, and other Polynesian islands, as well as many other places in the southern hemisphere. The Admiralty having, early in 1857, determined upon sending out a second exploring expedition up the Niger, under the command of Dr. Baikie, R.N., Mr. Charles Barter, a zealous and intelligent young gardener, was appointed to accompany him in the capacity of botanist, and to collect plants for Kew. The officers of the expedition proceeded by way of Sierra Leone, and joined the Dayspring, a small HISTOEY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 13 vessel fitted for river navigation, at Fernando Po ; but, unfortunately, after they had penetrated up the river as far as Nupe, their ship was wrecked, and they were obliged to form a camp on the banks. Poor Barter, however, fell a victim to the deadly climate in July, 1859. As a collector he was indefatigable in the dis- charge of his duties, and discovered a large number of undescribed plants, including several new genera, one of which has been dedicated to his memory under the name of Barteria. But, owing to the mishaps attending this expedition, and the difficulties of transit, no living plants were received from the interior of the country, but several Ferns were trans- mitted from Sierra Leone and Fernando Po.* No sooner had the news of Barter's death arrived, than Mr. Gustav Mann, undeterred by his fate, volunteered to fill the vacancy, and was appointed accordingly. Being unable, from want of means of communication, to join Dr. Baikie, he was employed for three years in exploring the island of Fernando Po and the African coast, in the neighbourhood of the Camaroons and Gaboon rivers. In spite of the difficulties and dangers attending the under- taking, he made several ascents of the lofty Clarence Peak of Fernando Po and of the Camaroons moun- tain on the African mainland. On the former, at an elevation of 5,000 feet, he found a fine new Cyatliea, forming groups, with stems rising to a height of 30 feet. We are likewise indebted to him * Since the ajbove was written, news has reached this country of the death of Dr. Baikie at Sierra Leone, in January, 1865, whilst on his homeward voyage. 14 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. for many other rare and interesting living Ferns, and fine sets of dried specimens. Besides contributions from special collectors, the Fern collection at Kew has been largely increased through the instrumentality of the officers of our numerous Colonial Botanic Gardens, and likewise by many private individuals residing in foreign countries ; and as the exertions of these gentlemen are worthy of being recorded, I give a few particulars respecting them, adopting a geographical arrangement for the sake of brevity. The first Colonial garden from which, so far as I am aware, Ferns were received at Kew, was that of Ceylon, Mr. Alexander Moon, the Director, having, in 1824, sent home a collection of plants, amongst which was Nipliobolus costatus.*- But the first person who forwarded any considerable number from that island was the lamented Mr. George Gardner, well known to botanists as a botanical traveller in Brazil, who was Director of the Ceylon garden between 1844 and his death in 1848. This gentleman was succeeded by Mr. (now Dr.) G. H. K. Thwaites, the present able Director, and to him also the Kew collection is greatly indebted for a large number of rare and beautiful species ; such as ficMzoccena sinuata, Asplenium radiatum, Actinostacliys radiata, Helminthostachys Zeylanica, and many others. Though Continental India is extremely rich in Ferns, it has, singularly enough, contributed very few to our gardens, no persons in that country having devoted themselves specially to the subject ;- indeed most of those received thence have been accidentally imported along with Orchids, including the half-dozen species HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OP EXOTIC FERNS. 15 recorded in my first Enumeration as coming from Dr. Wallich, the only Superintendent of the Calcutta garden who has the credit of having introduced any. Indeed, with the exception of those from Ceylon, Kew has received very few Ferns from Asia and the adjacent islands, most of those now in cultivation having been introduced by nurserymen or through Continental gardens. Two or three were brought from Hong-Kong, in 1850, by Mr. J. C. Braine, including one which proved to be a new genus, and to this I gave the name of Brainea in honour of its introducer. Another tropical island in the Eastern hemisphere, whence large additions have been made to the Fern collection at Kew, is the Mauritius. The Botanic Garden in that island -has long enjoyed the reputation of possessing a fine set of plants ; but until the year 1852, when it came under the able management of the present Director, Mr. James Duncan, very little correspondence was kept up with the gardens of Europe. Mr. Duncan has, at considerable risk, ransacked the forests of the island in quest principally of Ferns, and has been very successful in transmitting living plants to this country, enriching our gardens with many fine species. The " Synopsis Filicum Capensis" of Pappe and Rawson shows that the Fern Flora of Southern Africa is extremely rich; but up to the present time we possess scarcely a dozen Cape species in our gardens, and most of them have been raised from spores. AlsophiLa Capensis and Lomaria Capensis were intro- duced in 1845 by Mr. Charles Zeyher, as also were Lastrea athmantica and Cyathea Dregei from Natal by Mr. J. Plant. 16 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Progressing westwards we come to the two strangely isolated islands in the Southern Atlantic, St. Helena and Ascension. From the former of these we have As- plenium compressum, introduced by Mr. Thomas Fraser in 1825, and Asplenium reclinatum, brought home by Dr. J. D. Hooker on his return from Sir John Boss's Antarctic expedition in 1844; together with Lomaria alpina and L. Magellanica from the Falkland Islands ; while from Ascension Mr. Wren sent numerous fine plants of Marattia purpurescens in 1848. From Australia several individuals have been con- tributors. Grammitis Australis was received from the Sydney garden in 1833, when under the direction of Mr. Kichard Cunningham; and Mr. Charles Moore, the present Director of that garden, has also intro- duced several, including Trichiocarpa Moorei, from New Caledonia, while to Mr. Bidwill we owe the curious Platycerium grande. But some of the most beautiful of the Australian Ferns, such as the Glei- chenias, were transmitted to this country by Mr. Walter Hill, the able Director of the Botanic Garden of Brisbane, in the rapidly rising colony of Queensland, who obtained them during his stay in Sydney in 1850. Two species of Gleicheniacece were, however, previously known in our gardens, — the Glei- chenia microphylla and G. flabellata, both of which, together with several other Ferns, were sent from Tasmania, in 1845, by Mr. Ronald Gunn. About the year 1841 or 1842, some very fine Ferns, including two Tree-Ferns, the Dicksonia squarrosa and Cyathea medullaris, were brought from New Zealand, where they had been collected by Mr. J. Edgerly, a gardener, who had proceeded to that country on HISTOEY OP INTKODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 17 speculation, and who was the first to introduce the beautiful Veronica speciosa. Others have also been sent from New Zealand by the Rev. William Colenso, and by the late Dr. Sinclair, R.N., the beautiful little Trichomanes reniforme being one of those due to the latter gentleman. Turning next to the West Indies, we commence with the island of Jamaica, whence more Ferns have been received at Kew than from any other part of the Western hemisphere. The person to whose energy and perseverance this is mainly due is Mr. Nathaniel Wilson, the Island botanist and Director of the Botanic Garden . He has been a resident in the island for upwards of twenty years, and during that time has thoroughly explored the Blue Mountains and other districts rich in Ferns, liberally forwarding to Kew the results of his numerous journeys. Among his earliest contributions was the beautiful Tree-fern, Cyathea arborea, which, though recorded in the "Hortus Kewensis" as having been brought home by Admiral Bligh in 1793, had long been lost to our gardens. Within the last few years he has succeeded, after many failures, in transmitting numerous species of Trichomanes and Hymenophyllum, which now form so conspicuous a feature in the present rich collection. The other contributors from the same island are, in 1851, Mr. George Manson, and in 1854 and following years, W. T. March, Esq., the latter gentleman sending several arborescent species as well as Hymenophyllece, and others. Numerous fine species, including several Cyatheas and Alsophilas, were received in 1855 and 1856 from the French island of Martinique, where they had been c 18 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. collected by the Director of tlie Garden, M. Belanger. A considerable number of rare species were likewise sent from Dominica in 1853, and several following years, by Dr. Imray; such as Hemitelia Imray ana, Neurocallis prcestantissima, Elaplwglossum undulalum, and the true E. longifolium, &c. While from Trinidad we are indebted to the Island botanist, the late* Dr. Criiger, for Schizcea elegans, Saccoloma elegans, Amphidesmium rostratum, Hymenostacliys diver sifrons, Tricliomanes pennatum, and other equally rare species. His suc- cessor, Mr. Henry Prestoe,who previous to his appoint- ment last year was foreman of the collection of Ferns at Kew, has already transmitted a large collection of rare Ferns, and in the finest condition, proving that they had been collected and put up by one who perfectly understood their nature. The situation he now holds will enable him to be of great service in transmitting new plants to this country. Comparatively few, considering the richness of its Fern Flora, have been received from tropical America; Dr. Gardner and J. Wetherall, Esq., in Brazil; H. Cadogan Bothery, Esq., in Guiana; Mrs. Colonel McDonald, in Honduras ; and Mr. Wagener, in Vene- zuela, being the principal contributors. From the above it will be seen that a large number of Ferns have been introduced through the agency of the garden at Kew; but, besides these, a very con- siderable number are due to the exertions of some of our leading nurserymen, who, in consequence of the great demand for, and the large prices realized by, the finer and rarer species, have imported them, either direct from, their native countries, or from the Con- tinent, where, as will be presently noticed, a good HISTORY OP INTRODUCTION OP EXOTIC FERNS. 19 many species not previously known in the gardens of this country have been introduced. I have already alluded to the Messrs. Loddiges, of Hackney, as having at an early period turned their attention to Ferns, and as being the earliest to form a collection of them. But the only nurserymen whose names are recorded in the second edition of the " Hortus Kewensis " are the old-established firm of Messrs. Lee & Kennedy, of Hammersmith, who are stated to have introduced Polypodium asplenifolium and Asplenium monantkemum in 1790 : in later times the Messrs. Lee have imported several from New Zealand. Other New Zealand species have been brought into notice by Mr. Standish, of Bagshot, they having been collected in New Zealand by Mr. J. Watson, now a nurseryman at St. Alban's, and who still continues to import. Several sent from Japan by Mr. Fortune have likewise been sent out from Mr. Standish's nursery. To the Messrs. Low & Sons, of the Clapton nursery, we are indebted for some rare Bornean and Malayan species, collected by Mr. Hugh Low, jun., and amongst others for the remarkable Arthropteris obliterata, called Lindscea Lowii in the gardens, and the little curious Leucostegia parvula; but more especially many rare species of Hymenopliyllum and Trwhomanes, as well as the rare Thyrsopteris elegans, collected by Mr. Thomas Bridges in Juan Fernandez. But to the Messrs. Yeitch & Sons, of Exeter and Chelsea, among nurserymen, must be assigned the credit of having introduced the greatest number of these plants, the collectors employed by them in Chili and other parts of the American continent, in India, the Malayan continent c 2 20 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. and islands, and in Japan, having sent home numerous fine species, while through other sources they have obtained many additions from Australia, New Zea- land, and other countries. Messrs. Eollisson, of Tooting, have likewise succeeded in enriching our collections with a considerable number, received principally from Mr. John Henshall, their collector in Java and the neighbouring islands. Mr. Robert Sim, of Foot's Cray, has an extensive collection, which he increases by importations, and is very successful in raising plants from spores ; and the Messrs. Back- house & Son, of York, the principal nurserymen cultivators of exotic Ferns in the provinces, have introduced a good many fine species of Triclwmanes, and others from Chili and the West Indies. A few have likewise been introduced by other nurserymen, but the above are the principal of those who have obtained them from their native countries. I may, however, mention Messrs. Osborn & Sons, of Fulham, as having introduced one or two from Tasmania; Messrs. Jackson & Son, of Kingston, the Angiopteris Assamica, from Assam; and Mr. B. Williams several from various parts ; while all these and some others have also imported considerable numbers from the Continental gardens and nurseries. In addition to all these sources, occasional intro- ductions have taken place through several other Botanic Gardens in this country, as well as through some of the numerous amateur cultivators ; but Fern amateurs have increased so largely during the last few years, that it is obviously impossible to mention them in detail. With respect to the former, the first provincial Botanic Garden in which Ferns were brought HISTOEY OP INTKODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 21 into notice was that of Liverpool, under the Curator- ship of the late Mr. John Shepherd, more than thirty years ago ; and the collection there has lately been considerably augmented by Mr. Tyerman. At Bir- mingham, too, Mr. David Cameron in early times formed a good collection, which, however, has now given place to gaudy florist flowers. A good deal of attention is at the present time paid to Ferns at the Glasgow Botanic Garden by Mr. Peter Clarke ; and ZL/V*£ f i/Tr also by Dr. David Moore, -Oniciljur of the Botanic Garden of the Royal Society of Dublin, at Glasnevin, who has likewise introduced several new species from Trinidad and New South Wales. The Koyal Horti- cultural Society of London must be mentioned as having introduced Cilotium Schiedei, and one or two other Mexican species, received from their collector, Mr. Theodore Hartweg. Want of space precludes my particularizing the numerous private growers of the present day ; but I cannot altogether pass over one or two of the earlier ones who formed large collections of species, and did much to stimulate the taste for these plants. I more particularly allude to Mr. James Henderson and John Riley, Esq. Under the patronage of the Earls of Fitzwilliam, to whom he had long been gardener, Mr. Henderson has for upwards of thirty years been a zealous cultivator of Ferns, and has been very successful in raising them from spores, adding by that means a good number of species to our collections. One of the earliest amateurs dis- tinguished for his love of Ferns, was John Riley, Esq., of Papplewick, near Nottingham, who was also a successful raiser, and brought together a collection 22 FERNS : BE1TISH AND FOEEIGN. containing nearly 800 species, which, upon his death in 1846, was purchased by Dr. Forbes Young, of Lambeth, who considerably augmented it ; but unfor- tunately the death of its second owner, in 1859, caused its dispersion. Few amateurs at the present day study Ferns scientifically, or form collections numerically large in species, the principal of those in the neighbourhood of London devoting their atten- tion to a select number of the most beautiful ones, such as are well known to the frequenters of our metropolitan flower-shows. I must, however, except E. J. Lowe, Esq., of Beeston, near Nottingham, who formed a considerable collection, and published an illustrated work upon them in nine octavo volumes. In the public and private gardens on the Conti- nent Ferns claimed a large share of attention, and many of these possess fine collections of them, con- taining numerous species not yet known in British gardens, though our nurserymen are constantly on the look-out for novelties, and import a great number from these sources. I have mentioned above that the directors of the Botanic Garden of Berlin, at an early period, possessed an extensive collection, and many species are reputed to have been raised in this esta- blishment. The publication of the "Ferns of the Leipzig Garden/ } an illustrated work, in folio, by Dr. Mettenius, shows that the garden under his direction is exceedingly rich in Ferns, and the University fortu- nate in having a Professor so well able to do justice to the collection. At Vienna, also, a collection of Ferns has long existed under the direction of the late Dr. Schott. Several other German gardens, as those at Goettingen and Herrenhausen, also possess a consider- HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OP EXOTIC FERNS. 23 able number, some very interesting novelties in the latter having been obtained by M. Hermann Wend- land, during a journey through Central America ; and in many of these gardens species have been obtained by means of spores taken from dried specimens, while through the Dutch Botanic gardens, numerous rare Ferns have been introduced from Java, Surinam, and other Dutch colonies. Among private individuals on the Continent who have made large' additions to our collections, by the introduction of species from their native countries, "I cannot omit to notice M. J. Linden, of Brussels, who himself travelled in the West Indies, Venezuela, and New Granada, and who employed several enthu- siastic collectors in various parts of the same and neighbouring countries, by whom a great number of the new plants were brought into cultivation. But besides these M. Linden has also received several species new to our gardens, from New Caledonia and the Philippine Islands. About six years ago another private traveller in Venezuela and New Gra- nada, Dr. Karsten, likewise enriched continental gar- dens by the introduction of numerous fine species of tree and other Ferns, some of which have not yet been imported to this country. The total number of Ferns cultivated in our gardens at the present day may be regarded as forming about one-third of all the species known to botanists by means of dried specimens, and described in the numerous works of pteridology. Among the remaining two- thirds are very many fine species, equal or supe- rior in merit, as garden plants, to any of those we already possess. It may be worth while to mention 24 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. a few of the more striking of these, together with the countries in which they are found, in order to draw the attention of some of our enterprising nursery- men to them and induce them to take steps for their introduction. Assuredly in this fern-loving age many would prove of great commercial value. First, there is the magnificent Matonia pectinata, found only on Mount Ophir, in Malacca ; a Fern resembling the Gleichenias in habit, but rising to a height of five or six feet, with beautiful fronds, divided, like those of fan-palms, into numerous pectinate segments. Two other Ferns of much the same habit, the Dipteris Wallichii and D. Horsfieldii, are likewise worthy a place in our gardens. The former of these is found in the mountains of Silhet, and the latter in Java, Borneo, the Philippines, Fiji, and neighbouring islands. In the Philippine Islands, where the Fern Flora has about 250 representatives, there are numerous fine species, such as Dryostachium splendens and Aglaomorpha Meyeniana, both somewhat resembling Drynaria quer- cifolia in the general aspect and mode of growth of their barren fronds, both having rhizomes equally tenacious of life; Lomagramme pteroides, with large pinnate fronds three feet high, having long linear, lanceolate articulate pinnge, bearing amorphous sori; Photinopteris Horsfieldii, the glistening sterile fronds of which are pinnate and between two and three feet high, and have very broad elliptic-lanceolate pinnae, similar to the common laurel, while the fertile ones are very much contracted ; Gleichenia excelsa, a very strong-growing species with fronds five or six feet high, having spreading pinnaa two to three feet in length. The beautiful Schizoccena Brunonis of Penang and HISTOEY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 25 Malacca would also form _a striking addition to our tropical ferneries, its pinnafi&l fronds being from three to four feet long on stipes about half as long again, rising from an arborescent caudex. In Blume's " Enumeration of the Ferns of Java " alone, no less than 460 species are described, of which about 300 are regarded as new. Many of them are, however, not distinct as species, but are fine and showy and well worth the cultivator's notice. Remarkable for their structural characters, there are Sphceroptema barbata of Nepal, and Diacalpe aspidioides of Eastern Bengal and Java; the fronds of the former resembling those of a Lastrea dilatata, but having globose sori with cup-shaped indusia elevated on distinct pedicels, while the latter has very similar sori not elevated. Another Fern of Eastern Bengal worthy of notice is the Acropliorus nodosus, a species with large decompound fronds remarkable on account of their pinnae standing out almost horizontally, or at right angles with the main rachis. The same district, including the Khasaya and Silhet hills, Assam, Bootan, Sikkim, &c., is extremely prolific in fine Ferns, which, though familiar enough in a botanical point of view, are still unknown in our gardens : they would yield a rich harvest to a collector of living plants; and it is not a little remark- able that so few of them have not long ago been introduced through the Botanic Garden of Calcutta. The total number of known species of Indian Ferns may be stated in round numbers to be 400 ; and what we have of these have been received from their other habitats. I cannot, of course, attempt to give a list of Indian desiderata ; but, in addition to the two or 26 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. three above alluded to, I may mention Kaulfussia Assa- mica, a remarkable Marattiaceous Fern found in Assam, having ample trifoliate somewhat fleshy fronds, from eighteen inches to two feet in height, with the fructi- fication, which consists of hollow circular sporangia, scattered irregularly on the under surface. It is allied to the K. cesculifolia from the Malayan islands, in- cluded in the following enumeration, and which is extremely rare, if indeed it be not altogether lost from our gardens : Lomaria glauca, a Fern of Khasaya, with pinnate fronds, fine glacous underneath, two feet high; and, finally, iheAlsophila gigantea, a native not only of Silhet, Nepal, and other parts of India, but of Ceylon, Penang, and other Indian islands, a magnificent Tree-fern with a trunk fifty feet high, bearing a crown of large bi- or tri-pinnate fronds, the segments of which are very variable. Dr. Thwaites, in his "Flora of Ceylon," enumerates 214 Ferns, of which about one-half are embodied in the following pages, but many are yet rare, and several have failed to become established. This is especially the case with Asplenium (Actiniopteris) radiatum, Actinostachys radiata, and the singular Polystichum anomalum, a most remarkable Fern, which bears perfect sori on both sides ; it is found at an elevation of from 5,000 to 6,000 feet, and no doubt our want of success in not keeping it, as well as the unhealthy look of other Ceylon Polystichums, is owing to their being placed in the tropical house, — their elevation and their resemblance to the European Polystichum aculeatum indicates that they would be more- at home in the temperate house. Several interesting species have yet to be introduced, such as the small pinnatifid Poly- HISTORY OP INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 27 podice, including P. contiguum and P. Emersoni, which, on account of their sporangia being seated in a deep cyst, and protruding outwards, are referred by some authors to Davallia. Two fine Tree-ferns are also worthy of notice, Alsophila crinita and Cyathea Walkeri. Many of the islands of the Eastern Archi- pelago likewise offer a fertile field for the fern collector, being rich in species of HymenopliyUum, and Trichomanes, Asplenium, Lomaria, as weU as in Tree- ferns of the genera Cyathea and Alsophila. The one or more Sumatran Ferns yielding the singular styptic drugs brought to this country of late years under the un- couth names of Penghawa, Djambi, and Pakoe Kidang, would be of interest to cultivators from their beauty, and to pharmaceutists from their properties. Cibotium djambianum, Dichsonia chrysotricha, and two other species of Alsophila (A. lurida and tomentosa) have been mentioned as the sources of these drugs \ but very little is known respecting any of them, and more information is desired. Two singular and peculiar Ferns widely spread throughout this region are Tcenitis blechnoides and Osmunda Javanica, which, although long known in herbaria, have not yet found a place in our living collections. The Moluc- cas and Celebes, especially, possess large numbers ; and among those in the former is the rare Cystodium sorbifolium, known only from a few imperfect spe- cimens from these islands, and from the island of Honiince. Mauritius contains several which would be acceptable in our gardens ; but, with such an enthu- siastic explorer as Mr. Duncan in that island, it is to be hoped that they will not long be classed among our desiderata. I would particularly call atten- 28 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. tion to Ochropteris pollens, Antrophyum Boryanum, Opliioglossom palmatum. Cyathea canaliculate,, and 0. excelsa, as well as Adiantum ascurifolium and A. Mauritianum, — all found in that island, — are still scarce in, if not altogether lost to our gardens. I have already alluded to the paucity of species from Southern Africa at present in our gardens, although in the " Synopsis" of Pappe and Rawson, published in 1858, no less than 165 are described, and the localities where they are to be found given in detail. Not- withstanding that few of these are remarkable or striking in appearance, many would be prized on account of their small size and neatness, and they would be very suitable for Ward's cases. Even in European countries there are several Ferns which we do not yet possess in British gardens ; for instance, the Lastrea fragrans of the Arctic and sub- Arctic regions, said by Sir W. J. Hooker to be "one of the most beautiful of all ferns/' is, as far as I am aware, known only from dried specimens ; while Asplonium fisswm, found in several parts of Southern Germany and Italy, is rare even in herbaria, and altogether unknown in the gardens of this country. On the south-eastern confines of Europe, in the Caucasus, there is also the Woodsia Caucasica, an interesting species, closely allied to W. elongata, of Northern India. From the Western hemisphere, also, there are nu- merous fine species yet to be introduced. Fee's " Cata- logue of Mexican Ferns " shows that that country contains upwards of 300 not known in our gardens, though many of them would be very acceptable. Among these are several Tree-ferns, such as the remarkable Cyathea Mexicana, found in the neighbourhood of HISTORY OP INTRODUCTION OP EXOTIC FERNS. 29 Jalapa, Cordova, and Oxaca, while the little tufted Schafneria nigripes, found between Vera Cruz and Orizaba, would be an interesting acquisition to growers whose space is limited, being only three or four inches high, and having intensely black glossy stipes, and broadly obovate-cuneate fronds. There are also many very pretty species of Cheilantlies, — the Chei- lanthes spedosissima, with broad lanceolate multifid coriaceous fronds, measuring as much as two feet in length; and several very desirable species of Gleichenia, Trichomanes, and Hymenophyllum ; of the latter genera, in particular, there are still many beau- tiful western species yet to be introduced. From the more northern countries of the American continent our hardy fern growers might obtain many additions. For example, it would be interesting to have the American Cryptogramme acrostichoides side by side with our British C. crispa ; and if to these the Hima- layan C. Brunoniana were added, we might then be able to ascertain whether they be really distinct species or merely forms of one and the same plant. The closely allied Pellwa gradlis, found in many parts of North America and also in Northern India, would be worth having on account of its remarkable resemblance to our C. crispa. Polystichum munitum, a Fern distributed over Western America, from California to as far north as Nutka, and, therefore, probably hardy, would be a fit companion for our own Polysti- chum Lonchites, though considerably larger. Lovers of golden Ferns would be glad of the Gymno- gramme triangularis, a species resembling Pellcea argentea in appearance, but much larger and covered with golden farina on the under- side ; and as this is 30 FERNS : BRITISH AN*) FOREIGN. found as far north, on the western coast as the Columbia river, it will,, it may be presumed, prove hardy with us. Did space permit, this list of desiderata from North America might be greatly extended ; but I must pass on to the countries of the South, which offer a rich field to the fern- collect or. In my enumeration of the Ferns of Panama, in Seemann's " Botany of the Voyage of H. M. S. Herald," I have described a very pretty Fern from Southern Darien under the name of Glffihotcenium crispum, which would be an acquisition to those who grow Ferns in a natural manner, though not suited for pot culture. It is found on trees, from the branches of which its tufts of long and narrow wavy fronds hang down in a very graceful manner. In Darien, Panama, and the adjacent Pacific islands, also, there are several Tree-ferns which we have not yet got; such zsHemUeUa petiolata, a distinct species, with large pinnate fronds, having widely- separated petiolated pinnules ; and AlsopMla elongata, a very robust species. New Gra- nada, Venezuela, and other countries north of the equator, though explored by several collectors, would still yield a good many desirable novelties to our gardens. In the former country I may indicate the several species of the extremely curious genus Jame- sonia, with their very narrow, erect, rigid fronds, conti- nuously developing little orbicular, concave, imbricated pinnae, and densely clothed, while young, with fer- ruginous hairs ; and also Dryomenes Purdiei, a mag- nificent Fern with very deeply pinnatifid fronds from four to five feet long, having extremely-broad segments, covered with numerous small sori, which may probably possess indusia ; but younger specimens than those in HISTORY OP INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 31 my herbarium are required to settle this point. In Venezuela there is the remarbable Amphiblestra lati- folia, a Fern resembling some of the larger species of Aspidium in habit and appearance, but having a line of confluent sori on the margin like the Pteridice, to which tribe it is generally referred, some authors retain- ing it under Humboldt's name, Pterislatifolia, and also a species of Trichomanes of extraordinary size, T. Kun- zeanum, nearly allied to our own Irish species T. radi- cans, but with rather rigid fronds, from two to three feet in length. One or two species of Lindscea are also found in Venezuela, particularly the neat L. stricta, with fronds varying from pinnate to tri-pinnate, though most commonly bi-pinnate. But the head-quarters of the genus Lindscea, in the Western hemisphere are Guiana, where is found the rare L. reniformis,* resem- bling in the general appearance of its fronds the well- knownAdiantum rem/brme,and the yet to be introduced Gymnogramme reniformis of Brazil, a rare plant even in herbaria. The exceedingly beautiful L. trapeziformis, which has bi-pinnate fronds two feet or more in height, is also found here, as well as in other parts of tropical America and the West Indies. I may remark that, notwithstanding that some of the loosely compiled garden catalogues in common use among gardeners mention as many as twenty- six species of this genus being in cultivation, I know of only two, and I 'have made many inquiries upon the subject. The genus contains upwards of sixty described species, dis- persed over the tropical and sub-tropical countries of * Lately introduced by Messrs. Backhouse of York, but yet rare. 6Z FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. both hemispheres, and many of them would be highly prized by fern-growers. Amongst other Guiana Ferns worthy of notice there is one to which I would wish particularly to draw attention, not only on account of its singularity, but of the little that is known of it by pteridolo gists. I allude to the Dancea simplicifolia of Rudge, of which I have only seen two specimens, one in Budge's herbarium, and the other in Schomburgk's Guiana collection. In general appearance the sterile fronds of this Fern resemble those of Elaplwglossum latifolium, being about eight inches in length (including the stipes) and of an ovate-lanceolate form, attenuated to the base, while the fertile ones are narrower, and still more attenuated downwards. Nor must I omit to notice the very remarkable Hewcvrdia adiantoides of French Guiana, still very rare in herbaria. It would be a noble addition to our large species of Adiantum, its fronds being two or three feet high, very broad, and irregularly bi-pinnate, with remote, alternate, petiolate pinnules from three to five inches long, and about two inches wide, and borne upon glossy black stipes. Closely allied to this is the Hewardia dolosa of Eastern Brazil, Surinam, and Ecuador, with much longer but comparatively nar- rower pinnules and rough hairy stipes. There is also in Dutch and British Guiana, as well as in Brazil (in the neighbourhood of Eio Janeiro), a species of the curious Schizceaceous genus, Actinostachys (A. pennula, Hook.), resembling the Ceylon A. digitata, already in our gardens, though extremely rare. While the beautiful Schizoea flabellum, with its fern-shaped fronds, cleft into two to form broad wedge-shaped segments, and upon stipes a foot or so high, is found HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 33 in British Guiana, and also on the banks of the Orinoco, Rio Negro, and Yapura rivers. Several other species of Schizsea are likewise worthy of a place in our gardens, such as the pretty Schizcea pectinata of the Cape of Good Hope, and Schizcea dichotomy, which is found not only in Guiana and Venezuela, but widely dispersed through the Pacific islands as far south as New Zealand, occurring also in Java, Mysore, the Mauritius, and other parts of the Eastern hemi- sphere. Allied to these, also, are the two Brazilian species of Ooptophyllum described by Dr. Gardner, and likewise the Trochopteris elegans of the same author, all of which some pteridologists include under the genus Anemia, and perhaps rightly so with respect to the former, for they have the same relationship with true Anemia that Osmunda cinnamomea has with 0. regalis, their barren and fertile fronds being dis- tinct. Both species are found in the province of Goyaz ; one being named 0. millefolium and the other C. buniifolium, from the general resemblance in the divisions of their barren fronds to the leaves of Achillea millefolium and Bunium. The Trochopteris elegans is an exceedingly curious little Fern, with flat, radiating fronds of a somewhat spathulate form but more or less five-lobed, the two lower lobes being deeper and bearing the sporangia, the entire plant resembling a rosette, and growing on rocks like a lichen. Dr. Gardner found it on the Serra de Nativi- dad, in the province of Goyaz. Amongst other Bra- zilian Ferns worth being looked after, I may mention two species of Antigramme — A. Brasiliense and A. Douglassii, the former having oblong-lanceolate fronds about a span long, tapering downward to a short 34 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. stipe ; and the latter ovate fronds of the same length, but usually cordate at the base and upon long stipes. Lomaria zamioides of Gardner, a plant with a trunk four feet high, resembling a Zamia, found by Gardner in boggy places near the summit of the Organ Moun- tains, would also be a valuable addition to our small- growing Tree-ferns.* Brazil is rich in Tree-ferns, but only a few of them have as yet been introduced. I will mention only one or two. Dicksonia Sellowiana, found on the Organ Mountains, is, like the Lomaria above men- tioned, remarkable for its resemblance to an extreme southern species, dried specimens being scarcely dis- tinguishable from the Dicksonia antarctica, though most probably if the two were cultivated side by side they would prove very distinct. Cyathea vestita and C. Schamschin appear to be very plentiful throughout Brazil, and both are very fine species, the former having a trunk from twenty to thirty feet high. The two species of Trichopt&ris — T. excelsa and T. elegans — are also very graceful trees, found in Southern Brazil, and although the latter is included in the fol- lowing enumeration, it is still very rare in our collec- tions. Several special localities in Brazil may be men- tioned as abounding in Ferns, such as the Organ Mountains and St. Catherine's, in the east ; on the eastern slopes of the Andes, where at elevations of from fifteen hundred to four and five thousand feet, in some localities, they nourish in great luxuriance. At Tarrapota, in Peru, Dr. Spruce, in a diameter of fifty miles, collected no less than two hundred and * Fine plants of this Fern have been recently imported to this country by Mr. Low of the Clapton Nurseries. HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OP EXOTIC FERNS. 35 fifty species, twenty of which were Tree-ferns, and many new and interesting species. Before leaving tropical America I must say a few words respecting the West Indies, the Fern Flora of which is to a great extent identical with that of the countries on the Atlantic coast of South America. A tolerably accurate idea of the number of species indigenous to the West Indies may be obtained from Grisebaclr's Flora of the islands belonging to Great Britain, where three hundred and forty are described, and their particular localities noted. Out of these, two hundred and twenty will be found enumerated in the following pages as already in our gardens; and as our intercourse with most of these islands is now so frequent, and the voyage ac- complished with such rapidity, we may expect ere long to receive all the most striking types of the remaining ones. Indeed, the West Indian correspondents of the Royal Gardens at Kew, as well as those of several nur- serymen, and other private individuals, are continually forwarding Ferns to this country; and under these circumstances I do not think it worth while to men- tion any particular species; but it is worthy of remark that among our desiderata is the numerous group represented by Polypodium trichomanoides. Passing westwards to Ecuador and Peru, I might give a long list of desiderata, particularly of pretty little Alpine species from the Andes, belonging to Qh&ilanthes, Notholcena, Asplenium, and Poly po- dium, but want of space compels me to confine my remarks to a few of the most desirable ones. In his second century of Ferns, Sir W. J. Hooker has figured a beautiful Polybotrya, named P. Lech- D 2 36 PERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. leriana, after its discoverer, Dr. Lechler. It has large,, finely divided, somewhat membranaceous fronds, three or more feet in height, resembling a species of Darea, and thick scandent rhizomes. GyatUea micro- phylla, found by the same collector, and figured in the same work, appears to be a neat little Tree-fern, with stems four feet high and finely divided fronds, two or three feet long, ferrugineous from hairs on the under side. Some species of Gymnogramme are worthy of note, such as G. elongata, with narrow pinnate fronds a foot or more long, something like those of the well-known Notholcena trichom-anoides, and clothed with copious longish hairs ; G. flabellata, the fronds of which are about a foot high, bipinnate, with dark shining stipes, and little flabelliform, dicho- tomously divided, green pinnules, and extremely neat ; G. incisa, which has bipinnate fronds a span or more high, and scarcely more than an inch wide, with the pinnules deeply incised. These Grymnogramms are also found in Venezuela, New Granada, and countries north of the equator, where there is also a remarkable scan- dent species, G. refmcta, the finely cut fronds of which continuously increase to a great length, and ramble over the branches of trees. Our collections of Gleichenice. might be also enriched with several species from Peru and Chili, particularly G. simplex from the former, and G. pedalis from the latter. G. simplex having simple, pectinately pinnatifid fronds a foot and a half in length, with short stipes ; and G. pedalix fronds of the ordinary form, something like G. furcata} but smaller, neater, and more compact in its mode of growth. And, finally, the two singular Polypodiw, with dimorphous fronds, would be very pretty addi- HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OP EXOTIC FERNS. 37 tions to our ferneries. One of these, Poly podium heteromorphum, Hook., was found by Dr. Jameson " upon the top of the mountain face of dripping rocks ; " and has simple fronds like those of Asple- nium Trichomanes, mixed in the same tuft with others which are repeatedly branched in a regular dichotomous manner like the Gleichenice ; while the other, Polypodium bifrons, Hook., found by the same botanist in Ecuador, growing on branches of trees partially immersed in water, has sterile fronds resem- bling oak leaves in their general outline, and narrow wavy fertile ones. To the creeping rhizomes of the specimens collected by Dr. Jameson there were attached curious bodies, resembling small potatoes • but these were most probably adventitious, and caused by some insect. Dr. J. W. Sturm, in his little work on the Fern Flora of Chili, enumerates one hun- dred and sixty-one species as found in that country and the adjacent island of Juan Fernandez; but very few of these have as yet been introduced, though many of them would prove acceptable additions to our half-hardy collections. The numerous islands of the Pacific Ocean are, as a general rule, rich in Ferns, and worthy of being visited by a collector of living plants. The Hawaiian or Sand- wich Islands, for example, would afford three fine species of Cibotium. One of them, which has the stipes densely clothed with beautiful golden silky moniliform hairs, is so abundant that these hairs are collected as an article of commerce and are largely exported to California and Australia for the purpose of stuffing cushions, &c. ; Polijpodium peMucidum, a creeping species, allied to our P. vulgar e, but differing in having pellucid strise 38 FEENS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN. between the fascicles of veins, and varying so much in the more or less compound division of its fronds, that one state of it was described as a distinct species by Sir W. J. Hooker, under the name P. myriocarpon ; Asplenium Sandwichianumj with large tripinnate fronds three feet high, with numerous small segments, bearing some resemblance to a Mimosa leaf, and others too numerous to mention. The Galapagos, although not rich in Ferns, are worthy of notice, on account of a very rare and remarkable species, first described and figured by Sir W. J. Hooker, in the "Icones Plantarum," under the name of Acrostichum (Neurocallis) aureo- nitens, and more recently in the fifth vol. of the " Species Filicum " as Acrostichum (Chry sodium) aureo-nitens. Judging by either of the sectional names, it might be supposed to have some resem- blance to the well-known Acrostichum aureum, but such is not the case, reticulated venation and appa- rent amorphous sori being the only characters that place it in that alliance ; in habit it is totally dis- tinct, just as distinct from Acrosticum (Chry sodium) aureum as Oeterach officinarum is from Asplenium (Hemidictyon) marginatum. The plant has simple barren and pinnate fertile fronds 6 to 10 inches in length, the whole plant being densely clothed with shining scales. To me its relationship seems to be with Hemionites vestitdj a beautiful Fern of India, and also with another little-known species, the Gymno- gramme (Eugymnogramme) Muellerii, a native of north-eastern Australia, described "and figured by Sir W. J. Hooker, in the fifth vol. of the " Species Fili- cum," which also seems to me to be closely related to HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 39 Hemionites vestita, but described as having free veins. Whatever difference then may actually be in the character of the venation of these three species there can be no doubt but that they are closely allied and constitute a very natural group. I have always considered that Hemionites vestita does not well asso- ciate with true Hemionites, but now, having found two companions for it, I view them as forming a natural genus, to which I apply the name Clirys- odium. I hope that ere long we may have the op- portunity of becoming better acquainted with them ; their silky appearance renders them worthy of being added to our living collections. In the Fijis again, Ferns form a conspicuous feature in the vegetation. During a visit of only six months, recently paid to these islands by Dr. Seemann, for the purpose of exploring them and investigating their Flora, he collected specimens of about 800 species of plants, and of these one-seventh were Ferns, very few of which are yet known in our gardens. A few of the desiderata are worth mentioning, particularly the graceful Todea Wilkcsiana, found by the collectors attached to the United States' Exploring Expedition, and named by Mr. Brackenridge in compliment to Commodore Wilkes, who was in command of the expedition. It is spoken of by Brackenridge as the " Little Tree-fern/' and as being not more than three or four feet high ; but Seemann found it in the moun- tains of Sornosomo, where it grows as underwood, attaining seven feet in height, and often with several crowns. The stem is as slender as a walking-stick,, and the fronds bipinnate, and about two feet in length, with the ultimate pinnules thin, but not so delicate or 40 FEKNS I BEITISH AND FOREIGN. so finely cut as T. hymenophyloides. Davallia Feje- ensis is a species with highly decompound fronds, a foot or so high, having the segments so narrow that they bear only a single sorus upon each. A species of Hemonites, H. lanceolata, and Syngramme pinnata, are found in these islands ; the latter having, on old plants, large pinnate fronds about one to two feet high, including the rather long stipes, the first simple lanceolate fronds from a foot to eighteen inches high, but it is questionable whether these simple fronds be not merely a state of the latter plant, for other species of Syngramme are known to have simple fronds as well as pinnate. Allied to Syngramme is the long and well-known Tcenites blech- noideSj which has a wide geographical range, but is not yet introduced alive ; the form usually seen in herbaria from the Malayan islands has large simply pinnate fronds, with long tapering pinnae, like Blech- num orient ale. There is also another Fijian Fern, desirable as much on account of its botanical character as from the singularity of its appearance, viz., Dididopteris angus- tissima, which grows epiphytically on trees, chiefly the Tahitian chestnut (Inocarpus edulis), in the manner of Vittaria, and has narrow, thin, grass-like fronds, varying from six inches to a foot in length. In all the Fijian specimens I have seen, the fructification is seated in a groove upon a vein running along the side of the midrib, and parallel with it, though in the generic character drawn up by Brackenridge, it is said to be normally in two rows, one -on either side of the midrib ; but, as Brackenridge alludes to its being occasionally on one side only, I am not disposed to HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OP EXOTIC FERNS. 41 consider it as a distinct species without further evidence, though it is worthy of remark that the specimens seen by that author were partly from the Samoan, and partly from the Fijian group ; and it is possible that the two forms are separated geographi- cally, as well as by their technical characters. Did space permit many others might be indicated — not only from these islands, but from other Polynesian groups ; though, as far as it is at present known, the Fern Flora is very uniform in species throughout, New Caledonia, the Solornan Isles, and others, have not, however, yet been well explored, either by botanical or horticultural collectors. As might be expected from the great intercourse that has been carried on of late years between this country and New Zealand, the greater part of the Ferns indigenous to that colony are now to be found in our half-hardy ferneries, only about 20 — a small number — out of the 120 species described by Dr. Hooker in his " Handbook of the New Zealand Flora/' remaining to be introduced. One especially I should be glad to see in a living state : viz., the remarkable as well as handsome and very rare Loxsoma Cunningliamii, found by Cunningham on the Keri Keri River, Bay of Islands, and by Sinclair on the Wangarei River, in the Northern Island. This Fern possesses the habit of a Microlepia, and has broadly triangular decompound fronds, two to three feet high, glaucous below, with sori intermediate in character between Trickomcmes and Davallia.* The Tasmanian Ferns are likewise nearly all intro- * This Fern was introduced, but has not become established. 42 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. duced; only one half-dozen out of the 52 species described by Dr. Hooker in his " Flora Tasmania" being unknown in our gardens, while of the Aus- tralian ones about a third are still wanting to complete our collection, and one of these is the extremely rare Platyzoma microphylla, found by R. Brown on the borders of the Gulf of Carpentaria during Flinders voyage — an extremely neat little Fern, with rigid pinnate fronds a foot long, and hardly one-eighth of an inch broad, having minute oval pinnules, with revolute edges and powdery beneath, growing in tufts from short creeping rhizomes. I have now traced the progress of the introduction of exotic Ferns to the gardens of this country, and shown that many novelties have yet to come. No doubt, more or less of them will from time to time be intro- duced, as they are eagerly sought after by nume- rous amateurs. Select private collections are thus formed, in many cases consisting of rare and unique plants; but, in the course of time, changes in private establishments take place, and thus collections of Ferns get dispersed, and species are often lost to the country. It is, therefore, only to such public esta- blishments as that of Kew that we have to look to for the preservation of special collections. As there is no law or rule defining what kinds of plants should or should not be grown in public Botanic Gardens, the matter resting entirely with the Director or Curator, some families of plants are often more favoured than others, although all are of equal merit in a botanical point of view. To a certain extent, the Fern collection at Kew is a proof of this ; it so happens that both Sir W. J. Hooker and myself had HISTOEY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FEENS. 43 an early predilection for Ferns, which has led to the gradual increase of the fine collection at Kew; and, although I am now* incapacitated, by failing sight, from doing more in support of this collection, still, happily, it remains under the direction of Sir W. J. Hooker, who, doubtless, will not allow it to deteriorate, either in number of species or other- wise. One great means towards assisting in their preservation is continuing to view them as a scienti- fic collection. Scientifically-arranged collections are presumed to be the leading features of all Botanic Gardens. Unfortunately it is not the most showy or attractive. My long experience has shown me that as soon as a scientific arrangement in any family of plants is lost sight of, and showy cultivation made the first consideration, a rapid loss of species is the sure consequence. For their proper maintenance it is most essential that the cultivator should view even the most humble species with a scientific and conservative eye. It is also much to be desired that an official rule should be made, requiring an in- ventory of the collections to be taken every few years, and the publication of a general catalogue; or, in order to meet the various tastes of the public, separate catalogues of special families, like the one I now publish of the Ferns, might be issued. * May, 1864. 44 FERNS : BETTISH AND FOREIGN. II.— ORGANOGRAPHY. FOR the purpose of rendering the technical descrip- tions occurring in the following pages intelligible to those not well acquainted with botany, I have thought it necessary to devote a preliminary chapter to organo- graphy, being the explanation of the various terms in common use among pteridologists. I adopt this course in preference to giving an ordinary glossary, because I think a better idea of the structure of the plants, and the relation of one organ to another, and of the relation of the terms to the organs themselves, may be conveyed by it ; but for convenience of refer- ence I append an alphabetical list of the terms, paged so that they can be easily found in the explanatory chapter. In the generic characters I have endeavoured to avoid needless technicalities, though I have not attempted to frame them in what is commonly called a " popular " style, and I hope that with the aid of the following explanations, persons of ordinary abilities who have not made botany their study, will be able to understand them. In many cases, espe- cially in describing the form and shape of the fronds, the same terms are employed as in flowering plants ; but as now and then they have special significations, I have briefly explained all that occur in this work. Ferns (Filices) are flowerless plants, and form the highest order of the division of the vegetable kingdom termed Cryptogamia. Their most evident organs consist of the stem and the leaves, the ORGANOGKAPHY. 45 latter of which are always called fronds, and are variously traversed by veins, ramifying in a determinate manner in the different genera. Upon certain definite parts of these veins, generally on the under side of the frond, termed the receptacles, clusters or lines of free one-celled spore-cases (sporangia) are produced, or occasionally many-celled ones (synangia), and in these cases the reproductive spores are contained. The clusters are called sori. VERNATION. The word vernation, as employed by me, designates the mode of growth of Ferns, or, in other words, the manner in which their fronds are developed and connected with the stem. VERNATION is either — A rticulated when the fronds are attached to the stem by a joint, and leave a clean scar when they fall away ; or, Adherent when no such joint exists, and the bases are continuous with the stem. And it is either — Uniserial when the fronds are produced one after the other, in a single lineal series, sometimes close together (contiguous), and at other times far apart (distant} ; or, Fasciculate when they surround a central axis, upon the top of which they form a crown. STEM. In a large number of Ferns the stem is not at first sight very evident ; and even when plainly visible, it is frequently confounded with the root by the unlearned (as, for example, the underground stems of Pteris aquilind) ; but in others, as in Tree-ferns, it is very marked. It is an organ of considerable importance for classifying purposes, and often affords valuable distinctive cha- racters. The principal modifications of the stem are the — Ekizome, a brittle, fleshy, prostrate stem, producing roots along its under side, mostly growing above ground (epigmous), and then furnished with scales (squamose), but occasionally under ground (hypogccous}, and then destitute of scales. It- 46 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. varies greatly in length, and is either simple or branched ; when very short and branched it forms tufts (ccespitose), and when very long (surculose) it usually climbs on trees (scandent). Very rarely it is erect (subfrutescenf). Its point of growth is always evidently (often considerably) in ad- vance of the undeveloped fronds ; and the fronds themselves are produced singly from special, more or less distant, points on its sides, termed nodes, at which they are arti- culated. Sarmentum, a tough slender running stem, rooting like a rhizome, and either epigaeous or hypogeeous, but differing in having the bases of the fronds adherent and continuous with it, and in its point of growth being coincident with, or scarcely ever in advance of, the undeveloped frond. Caudex, an erect or reclining (decumbent) stem, either simple or tufted (ccespitose), through the growth of offsets, or rarely sending out long running shoots, which root at their ex- tremity (stoloniferous). It is often very small, scarcely rising above the earth, but generally more or less elevated, and sometimes forms a cylindrical trunk (arborescent), oc- casionally 50 or more feet high, which, in many species, is thickened by the growth of numerous aerial, outgrowing, wiry roots. And it bears a crown of usually adherent fronds, developed in a spiral series, upon its apex. FRONDS. The fronds of Ferns are either barren or fertile. In the great majority the latter do not differ very much from the former, though they are generally rather narrower in all their parts. But some- times they are very evidently different on the same plant, the barren presenting the ordinary leafy appearance, and the fertile being decidedly contracted, occasionally so much so that the leafy part is entirely absent, or in some the two kinds are combined in the same frond, the fertile portion being contracted, and the barren leafy. "When young the fronds are involutely coiled, in the manner of a watch-spring, and gradually uncurl during the period of growth (circulate) ; rarely straight, as in Ophioglossece. OEGANOGEAPHT. 47 Fully developed fronds vary in size from less than an inch to 15 or 20 feet in length, and from a line, or even less, to 10 or 15 feet in breadth. They also vary in form, in circumscription, and in texture ; and they are either furnished with a leaf-stalk (stipes) or are leafy to the base (sessile). In describing the form, circumscription, texture, and surface of the fronds of Ferns, the same terms are employed as in the case of the leaves of flowering plants. They vary from simple entire to decompound-multifid. In compound fronds the primary divisions are termed pinnce, and when more than once divided, the ultimate ones pinnules ; and the terms applied to simple fronds are equally applicable to these divisions. The divisions or branches of their stipes also are termed the rachis. Their texture is very different in different species. Some being thin, membranous, and even pellucid, while others are thick and coriaceous, or fleshy, rigid or flaccid. The surfaces of the fronds are either quite smooth, or furnished with different kinds of hairs, glands, or scales (the latter have received the name of samenta, and are generally membranous and deciduous), or they are covered, particularly the under surface, with white or yellow farina. The plants called Fern Allies differ entirely in habit and mode of growth from true Ferns ; that the word fronds is not applicable ; but as the genus Selaginella is called " fern-like plants," I there- fore apply the term "frondules" to the species with distinct stems, and to the main branches of the surculose species. VEINS. In Ferns the mode in which the veins are disposed in the sub- stance of the fronds, or the venation, as it is termed, is of more importance than in flowering plants, the characters relied upon for distinguishing the genera depending more or less upon it, and there are numerous terms applied to it. The midrib of simple fronds, or of the pinnse or pinnules of compound fronds, is called the costa, and is in the former a con- tinuation of the stipes, gradually decreasing in thickness towards the apex, or altogether disappearing (evanescent), and in the latter 48 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. a continuation or branch of the ultimate rachis with which it is either adherent or articulated. It is generally central ; but is sometimes excentric, or even quite on one side (unilateral), or some- times there is no costa at all. From the sides of the costa veins are produced at more or less distance from each other, generally equal on each side, except when the costa is excentric or the frond or segment has a radiating axis. The direction of the first or primary veins is, as in the leaves of other plants, towards the margin and apex of the frond or segment, forming a more or less acute or obtuse angle, or sometimes nearly a right angle with the costa. In describing venation the words veins, venules, and minlets are employed, each° successive one of which is intended as a diminutive of the preceding ; " veins " being applied to the first ramification of the midrib, "venules" to the branches, and "veinlets" to the branches of the venules. Some fronds have veins only, others veins and venules, and others again all three. Terms are occasionally employed to express the relative distinct- ness of the venation, particularly when any marked peculiarity exists : thus it is said to be — Elevated, or external, when they are so thick that they are readily seen and felt on the under surface of the frond ; and— Internal when very much sunk in the substance of the frond. The primary veins are — Costceform when very strong and well defined, more or less re- sembling the costa in general appearance ; Undefined when of the same size as and not distinguishable from the venules and veinlets ; and — Evanescent when they gradually disappear towards the margin. Veins are spoken of as — Free when each vein proceeding from the midrib, however much it may be divided, is entirely unconnected with the neigh- bouring ones ; and— Anastomosing when the venules of one vein are in some way con- nected with those of the next. A fascicle comprehends a single vein with all its venules and veinlets. OEGANOGEAPHY. 49 Free veins are — '•e when each vein proceeds from the costa to the margin without branching (83). Forked when they divide at an acute angle into two or more branches after leaving the costa (51). Simply forked, or dichotomous, when the division is into two branches (96). P innately forked when the primary veins are scarcely defined, and branch several times one after the other on both sides (75). Pinnate when the primary veins that run from the costa to the margin are distinctly defined, and produce venules in regular order on both sides, so that the fascicles have a feather-like appearance (121). Radiate when the veins spread out from a definite point at the base of the frond or segment (93). The simplest form of anastomosing venation is when the apices of the veins are combined or connected by means of a marginal vein (113). In the more complicated forms it is spoken of as — Angularly anastomosing when the venules of one vein join those of the next, and form an angle at their point of junction (65) ; when the angle is very acute the term acutely anastomosing is employed, or sometimes called cathedrate. Arcuately anastomosing when the venules of one vein join those of the next, and together form an arch or curve (63). Transversely anastomosing when the venules of one vein join those of the next, and together form a nearly straight line (104). Distantly anastomosing when the venules are parallel with the costa, close together, and joined at long intervals by short cross veinlets. Compoundly anastomosing when the venules are irregularly con- nected in a more or less net-like manner, and have variously directed free or conniving veinlets in the areoles (21-28, 43). Reticulated when the veins, venules, and veinlets are all connected together in a more or less net-like manner : uniform is used in reference to reticulated venation when there is no apparent difference between the veins, venules, and veinlets (31, 55). E 50 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Areoles are the spaces formed by the anastomosing of veins, and are of various shapes and sizes : those next the costa are called costal areoles. In speaking of the venules of forked and pinnate veins it is sometimes necessary to indicate a particular one in the fascicle : thus, the — Anterior venules are those on that side of the vein next the apex of the frond or segment ; and the Posterior venules those on the opposite side farther from the apex. Venules and veinlets are likewise said to be — Excurrent when directed towards the margin of the frond or segment ; and Recurrent when directed from the margin ; And their apices are said to be Clavate when thickened like a club. FRUCTIFICATION. As a general rule, what is called the fructification of Ferns is seated on more or less regularly arranged points or lines on the under surface or margin of the fronds, and is usually of well- defined form. There are, however, some variations from this. For example, in Acrostichece it either covers the whole under surface of the fronds, or is in irregular undefined patches, and in some other cases, as Botrychium, Osmunda, &c., where the fertile fronds are much contracted, it assumes a spike-like or racemose form. The terms used in describing the fructification may be classed under four heads : — 1st. Those relating to the receptacle ; 2nd. those relating to the sporangium and synangium ; 3rd. those relating to the sorus ; and 4th. those relating to the indusium. 1. Receptacle. The receptacles are the sites upon which the sporangia are seated, and are generally either thickened points on, or long thickened portions of, some part of the venation. In position they are — Terminal when on the points of the veins or their branches (5, 7). Basal when close to the costa (1). OKGANO(3RAPHY. 51 Axillary when on the point where the veins fork (131). Compital when on the angular crossings or points of confluence of two or more venules or veinlets. Medial when in none of the above positions, but some intermediate part of the veins or the branches (21, 28). They are superficial, or immersed in the substance of the frond, or elevated above its surface, and then columnar (plate I. fig. 9) or globose. In form they are — • Punctiform when small and dot-like. Elongated when long and line-like. Amorphous when of no denned form (46). 2. Sporangium. The spore-cases, or sporangia, are the organs which contain the reproductive spores, and are borne in masses upon the receptacles . They are thin and transparent, or horny and opaque, unilocular and globose, oval or pyriform, usually pedicellate, which is articulate, but sometimes sessile, and either furnished with a more or less complete articulated elastic ring (annulate) (plate I. fig. 1), or destitute of a ring (exannulate) (plate I. fig. 4). In annulate sporangia the ring is said to be Vertical when it rises immediately from the apex of the pedicel (of which is a continuation), and passes vertically over the apex of the sporangium (plate I. fig. 1). Horizontal when it passes horizontally round the sporangium either at or about its middle (plate I. fig. 2), or at the apex (apical) (plate I. fig. 3.) Oblique when it has neither of the above directions, but passes round the sporangium in some direction intermediate between them. When the sporangia arrive at maturity and are under certain favourable conditions as to dryness, the elasticity of the ring causes them to burst open with force and sound sufficient to be heard, and this takes place in a direction at or very near to a right angle with the direction of the ring. In exannulate sporangia the opening takes place by a simple &lit or pore (plate I. figs. 4 and 5). E 2 52 FEENS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN. Synangium. The synangia are formed by the union of a greater or lesser number of exannulate sporangia, arranged side by side, forming a series of cells, disposed in a circle, or in two rows side by side, united in one mass, which either remain united (plate I. fig. 5), or separate longitudinally in two valve-like lobes (plate I. fig. 6). The cells open for the escape of the spores by a slit on their Timer side or by a pore at their apex. In Lycopodiaceae and Marsileaceae there are two kinds of sporangia, the one containing numerous small spores, the other only a few— considerably larger. Some authors consider them to represent different sexes, and therefore named the first Antheridanoia, the other Oophoridangia. The large spores are known to vegetate, and some say the small ones also ; the large ones are called Corpuscules. In the genus Marsilea the sporangia are called conceptacles, because they contain free vesicles of two kinds, one containing small spores, Antheridangia, the other large ones, Oophoridangia. 3. Sorus. The son are the masses of sporangia borne upon the recep- tacles, and are either naked or furnished with variously shaped hairs and scales, or with membranous or rarely coriaceous covers of various forms (indusia) • their form and position correspond with and are dependent upon those of the receptacles, which are their foundations. Thus, when the receptacles are punctiforin, the sori are always round (5) or globose, while elongated receptacles bear son of many forms, oblong, ovate, oval, elliptical, arcuate, linear (50), j reticulated (54), &c. They are situated on the margin of the frond or segment (marginal), a little within the margin (antemarginal), somewhere between the margin and the midrib (intramarginal), close to the midrib (costal or basal), or sometimes on a pedicel, and pro- jecting slightly beyond the margin (exserted or extrorse) (73). In some cases they are irregularly scattered, but in others they are arranged either in rows (serial) (7) or in continuous lines, and when these diverge at an angle from the midrib they are said to be oblique (110) ; : and when paraUel with either the margin or the costa, transverse (96 and 100). As a general rule, each sorus is distinct and well- OEGANOGEAPHY. 53 defined, but in many cases the receptacles are so very close to- gether that one sorus runs into another (confluent}, or sometimes the receptacles themselves are joined and form a more or less perfectly united simple sorus, or when not perfectly joined (as in Cryptogramme and Platyloma) a compound linear sorus. 4. Indusium. As stated above, the sori of some ferns are naked while those of others are furnished with a kind of cover, to which the name indusium is given by some authors, and involucre by others. The indusia present many well-marked forms, and often afford valuable characters for distinguishing genera, though they are by no means constant. Three kinds are distinguishable : special, accessory, and universal. True or special indusia are of a cellular membranous nature, and are produced from the receptacles to which they are attached in iifferent ways. In some cases they are in the form of an orbicular iisk, and then rise from the centres of the receptacles to which they are attached by their own centres, their edges being free all round ; this form is called peltate or central (plate I. fig. 7). More frequently, however, the indusia are more or less elongated, and ire then attached to the sides of the receptacles (lateral) (plate I. ig. 8). In this case their attachment is either on the side next the josta (interior), or on that next to or at the margin (exterior), and s either by a point or sinus on their side, in which case their form varies from reniform to oval and oblong, or it is by the entire length )f one side, when they are linear (110). Their surface is flat (plane), irched (vaulted), or hood-like (cucullate), and their edges are either entire or variously laciniated or fringed. Besides these two modes of attachment, there is a third kind >vhere the indusia are attached all round the base of the receptacle, md they are at first globose and entire, but ultimately their apex >pens, and then they assume a cup-like (calyciform) form with the nargin more or less entire (plate I. fig. 9) ; sometimes the attachment s only half round the receptacle (semi-calyciform). Accessory indusia, sometimes in addition to the true indusia, x>rtions of the margin of the frond are changed in texture and 'orm, what are here termed accessory indusia, and which resemble ;he true indusia in appearance. These connive more or less with 54 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. the true indusia, which in these cases are always attached on the interior side of the receptacles, and the two combined indusia form continuous or interrupted grooves, or urceolate, bilabiate, or tubulose cysts, open exteriorly and containing the sporangia (plate I. figs. 10 and 11). Universal indusia occur in cases when the segments of the fertile fronds are contracted. They consist simply of the margins of the segments being more or less changed in texture, and rolled inwards so as to include all the sori upon the segment (plate I. fig. 12). There is also another kind of indusium, called " indusoid scales ;" they only occur in a few species of the division Eremobrya. In PUopeltis this consists of orbicular, peltate, glistening imbricate disks, covering the sporangia ; in Hymenolepis they are very thin and membranous ; in Schellolepis they are very irregular in form, and seem to be imperfect sporangia ; their deformity being caused by the excessively crowded immersed sporangia ; they are also found in Tcenitis and Vittaria, and have received the name of paraphyses, I however do not use this term in describing those genera. The orbicular disks of Phopeltis, however, seem to be more special organs, particularly in the smooth-fronded species. I have now explained the terms of the chief organs and structure of Ferns made use of for their classifi- cation. I fear a beginner will say it is quite enough to deter any one from entering upon the study of Ferns ; but he should bear in mind that it is quite as impossible to read a language without first learning the alphabet as to understand botanical descriptions without first mastering the technical terms employed in them. He will be further impressed with the difficulty of study when he finds that the very first point of inves- tigation is to determine whether the fern before him has or has not a ring to its spore-cases. He presumes that a microscope is required to determine this first starting-point ; but such is not actually the case, for with the aid of a pocket lens he will be able to detect the presence or absence of a ring, and as annulate OKGANOGRAPHY. 55 and exannulate Ferns in cultivation in this country are in proportion to one another as one' to forty-five, he may soon become aware that the great majority of Ferns belong to the annulate section. But the best way for a beginner is to procure a few correctly- named species of each tribe, and carefully compare them with the characters given in the following pages. He will soon overcome the dread of technical phrases, and before long will be able to refer his unnamed species to their respective tribes and genera. 56 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. ON THE GENERA OF FERNS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION. systems for the classification of Ferns are almost as numerous as pteridologists themselves ; indeed, nearly every author, from Linnseus downwards, who has written upon the subject, has propounded his own views, and these have generally differed both from his predecessors and from his contemporaries. But the point upon which pteridologists appear to differ most, and on which their only agreement seems to be an agreement to differ, is the definition of genera and their limits. I say emphatically appear to differ, for in the works of those most at issue, the differences are not so much in the limits of the groups themselves as in the relative importance assigned to them. For example, while some, as Presl, Moore, and myself, break up the old Linngean genera, Polypodium, Aspi- dium, &c., into a greater or lesser number of smaller genera, others, as Hooker and Mettenius, prefer ad- hering to the Linngean genera, without greatly altering their characters, and adopting the modern generic names as sectional ones for such divisions as they find themselves compelled to make. It would occupy too much space to enter fully upon this subject, and I must leave it for a more extensive work upon the genera of Ferns, long contemplated by me, con- tenting myself here with a brief mention of the organs more or less employed by pteridologists in establish- ing and classifying genera. GENERA OP FEENS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION. 57 An examination of the works of Linnseus shows that he was acquainted with about one hundred and eighty species, and these he classed under eleven genera (viz., Osmunda, Onoclea, Acrostichum, Hemionitis, Polijpodium, . Asplenium, Pteris, Blechnum, Lonchitis, Adiantum, and Trichomanes) , which were founded upon purely artificial characters, derived solely from the shape and position of the fructification. This system was amply sufficient for the limited number of species then known ; indeed, the proportion of genera to species was much larger in Linnseus^s days than in our own ; but when the number of species had been greatly augmented, it became obvious that, in order to avoid genera of unwieldy dimensions, if not for other reasons, addi- tional characters must be sought for ; and these have gradually been introduced. It is a remarkable fact, however, that although the number of species now known exceeds by about twenty-fold that known to LinDgeus, it is quite possible to arrange them all under the eleven genera established by that author. After the time of Linnseus, the first additional organ relied upon for generic characters was the indusium, which was employed by Sir J. E. Smith and Pro- fessor Eoth, and afterwards more fully by Swartz, who divided the twenty-five genera known to him into " naked " and ' ' indusiate." Linnseus noticed the fact of the sori following the course of the veins in his character of Hemionitis, but, in 1810, Robert Brown first specially employed characters taken from the position of the sori upon the veins. This was the next important step in advance. The same learned botanist was also before anybody else to point out the im- portance of venation as an aid to classification, but 58 TEENS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN. the credit of being the first to employ characters from venation upon a large scale is due to Professor Presl, who, in 1836, published his celebrated "Tentamen Pteridographige," where he described one hundred and fifteen genera of Polypodiaceas alone, in the characters of all of which the venation holds the most prominent place. Several years before seeing Presl' s "Tenta- men," I had been engaged in working out, and had completed, a treatise upon the same subject, which, with a few necessary alterations in nomenclature, I afterwards published.* My views for the most coincided with those of Presl, but I had paid more attention to forming natural groups and bringing together species agreeing in their mode of growth, and vegetative organs; for it appeared to me that pteridologists did not give sufficient importance to that point, and even now it is not taken into considera- tion as much as it deserves to be. With the exception of my own more recent efforts to obtain characters from the mode of growth presently to be explained, the only further suggestion of any importance remaining to be noticed is that of M. Fee, who, in his work on the Polypodiacece, introduced characters taken from the form and structure of the sporangia, the number of articulations in their rings, and the form of their spores. The form of the sporangia, and direction of their rings, had previously been adopted by Presl and myself for distinguishing the main orders or sub-orders of Ferns, and I, in common with all modern pteridologists, still rely upon those organs for that purpose ; but I cannot consent to their introduction into generic and specific characters, as proposed by Fee. Even were the dif- * Hook. Journ. Bot., 1841. GENERA. OF FERNS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION. 59 ferences pointed out by him constant, which they are not, the organs themselves are so minute that the study of Ferns would be impeded rather than facili- tated by the laborious microscopic examination de- manded. The spores also vary at different ages, and are thus apt to mislead. No practical advantage is gained by the introduction of such characters ; and natural groups and alliances can be established without them, by employing such tangible characters as do not require much aid from the microscope for their observation. I now come to consider the characters taken from mode of growth. My long connection with the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew, where an unrivalled collection of Ferns exists, has given me abundant facilities for the observation of growing plants, and after an atten- tive study and close examination of many years I am induced to attach a higher value for systematic pur- poses to the different modes of growth than my con- temporaries may be disposed to do. My views upon this subject were first published in Seemann's "Botany of the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald" (p. 226), and subsequent observations have but confirmed them. Ferns present two very distinct modes of growth, the one of which I term Eremobrya, and the other Des- mobrya, and these are comparatively as distinct as the primary divisions of flowering plants ; but I do not, as has been suggested, consider that there is any analogy between the structure of the stems of Eremobrya and Endogens, and Desmobrya and Exogens, that their respective modes of development are identical, or that Eremobrya and Desmobrya are of equal value in a general systematic point of view with Exogen and 60 FERNS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN. Endogen. The terms equivalent to the two latter are Pleurogen and Acrogen. In Eremobrya the fronds are produced singly from the sides of a rhizome, which has its growing-point always evidently in advance of the young developing frond. Each frond springs from a separate node, more or less distant from its neighbour, and is there articulated with the rhizome, so that when it has passed its maturity it separates at the node, and leaves behind a clean concave scar. The rhizome is solid, fleshy, and brittle, and when young always densely covered with scales (excepting in hypogeous rhizomes), which seldom, except in the very few scaly - fronded species, extend higher than the node ; but it varies in some respects, being in some cases long and slender, and either simple or branched, and in others short and thick. The essential distinction between Eremobrya and Desmobrya rests in the fronds of the former being articulated with the axis, while those of the latter are adherent and continuous with tlie axis. In Desmobrya the fronds are developed in two modes. In a large number of Ferns belonging to this division they come out from the apparent apex of the axis in a spiral series, and form a fascicle or corona. In this case the axis or stem is an erect or decumbent caudex, very variable in size, being sometimes scarcely elevated above the ground, and sometimes, in extreme cases, rising to the height of fifty or more feet. Almost an equally large number, however, have their fronds de- veloped in a single alternate series, and their stem forms a sarmentum, in which the point of growth is in most cases scarcely at all in advance of the develop- ing frond, and would appear to be coincident with GENERA OP FERNS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION. 61 it, though sometimes the prelongation is evidently in advance, and then the mode of growth appears to agree with Eremobrya ; but the non-articulation of the stipes at once distinguishes it. Whatever the character of the stem of Desmobryous Ferns, it is always formed of the united and adherent bases of the fronds, and increases by the successive evolution of fresh fronds, each succeeding one of which is produced on the interior side of the bases of the preceding ones. All Ferns are referable to one or other of these two divisions, and in general the difference between them is readily seen, particularly when living plants are examined ; but, as in all attempts to generalize from special organs or structures, there are exceptions. For example, in Elaphoglossum the fronds are neither strictly adherent nor strictly articulate, but have a swelling some distance up the stipes, at which point, though there is no change in structure, the vascular bundles are so weak that the fronds ultimately sepa- rate there; and hence I regard the genus as an aberrant form of Desmobrya (?). In Woodsia, again, the stipes has an elevated articulation ; but the axis is a caudex formed of the adherent bases of the stipes, and this, together with its fasciculate frond, indicates its true affinity to be in Desmobrya. A few also occur, as in the section Ctenopteridece of the tribe Polypodies, "in which the articulation is obscure, and a careful examination is required to detect it. Notwithstanding these few exceptions, there can be "no doubt that the two modes of growth above de- scribed are widely distinct, and the two groups into which Ferns are thereby divided are quite distinct in habit and appearance. The plants too seem to be 62 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. endowed with very different natures, for the vitality and tenacity of life is much greater in the Eremo- bryous than in the Desmobryous division ; and it is not a little remarkable that so far as observations upon cultivated plants enable me to ascertain, the latter are freely reproduced from spores, while the former are in proportion rarely reproduced by that means. In confir- mation of this tenacity of life in Eremobrya I may men- tion that in importations of Ferns from distant countries those belonging to that division generally arrive in a living state, while Desmobryous ones, particularly those with sarmentum, are often killed in the transport. I have now briefly reviewed in chronological order all the organs or structures upon which pteridologists rely for the formation of genera. Unfortunately, scarcely two can be found who agree as to the principles upon which genera of Ferns should be founded, or as to the value of the several organs for generic purposes. Some apply to Ferns the princi- ples which characterize the genera among flowering plants, depending for the most part upon characters taken from the organs of reproduction. Others place great reliance upon the different modifications of venation ; whilst I believe I stand alone in endeavour- ing to obtain natural genera, that is, genera having species associated by general habit and appearance, and by employing auxiliary characters taken from the modes in which the plants grow. Habit is not excluded from generic characters of flowering plants ; indeed numerous instances might be' quoted in which it is allowed by eminent botanists to constitute the chief distinction between allied genera, and by intro- ducing it into the characters of Fern genera, more GENERA OP PERNS AND THEIE CLASSIFICATION. 63 natural groups and- sequences are obtained than by a strict adherence to the artificial characters afforded by the fructification and venation. Among Ferns no single organ alone affords characters sufficient for general systematic purposes. Were the principle upon which Linnaeus acted — that is, a strict adherence to the fructification alone — applied in its integrity to the enormous mass of Ferns now known, — and it would be quite possible to do so, the most incongruous plants would be associated under one genus, and the magnitude of the genera would be quite overwhelming. The same would be the case were venation alone or habit alone to be taken into consideration. In some instances, however, a marked difference in one set of characters indicates well-defined groups; but as a general rule a combination of differences in two or more sets is requisite. Great difference of opinion exists as to what is and what is not a genus ; but so long as plants are distributed into well-circumscribed groups of not too great an extent, it appears to me that it is a matter of little importance whether those groups be termed genera, sub-genera, or sections. For my own part I prefer regarding them as genera. It has not been without due consideration that I have arrived at this conclusion. It also saves a great deal of unnecessary trouble, both in speaking and writing about Ferns, it being more easy to say and write Elaplioglossum conforme, than Acrostichum (ElapJw- glossum) conforme, or Gymnogramme tomentosa, than Gkjmnogramme (E^gymnogramme) tomentosa, &c. Also by studying the character of the smaller groups indi- vidually, and treating them as genera, their nature is at once brought to the mind, without having to think 64 FEKNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. of their association with a host of species of quite dis- tinct characters. It also leads to investigation, and, accordingly, to a better knowledge of the structure of Ferns. With regard to the characters that define the limits of species, as much uncertainty prevails amongst authors as with genera. This is owing to several causes ; such as many species being normally hetero- morphous, presenting at the same time different forms, which again vary at another period of growth ; and in many instances authors have described the different states as distinct species ; and in some cases different fronds of the same plant, and even portions of the same frond, have been placed under separate genera. It also frequently happens that two or more presumed species present so many intermediate gradations of form, that only the most extreme states appear suffi- ciently distinct to warrant their adoption as species, the numerous intermediate forms seeming to set specific distinctions at defiance. It therefore becomes a question what is the limit of form or of structure that constitutes a species. Generally understood, a species is an organized structure endowed with an essence or quality peculiar to itself, and possessing the power of multiplying and transmitting its type to new genera- tions without change, ad infinitum. Admitting this definition as correct, it seems to be beyond human power to ascertain whether the serial gradations of form are genuine descendants of original creations, or only deviations from one original, brought into exist- ence during the lapse of ages by the different climatic and local influences they have been subjected to. It is well known that phsenogamous plants assume differ- GENERA OF FERNS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION. 65 ent forms and aspects, effected by the agency of man and by various natural causes ; the difference from the original types being often so great, that if evidence of the change were not on record, the botanist of the present day would be justified in describing them as distinct originally created species. With Ferns we possess but little evidence of new forms having come into existence, the chief examples being found in sev- eral intermediate states in the genus Gymnogramme, which of late years have made their appearance in gardens, and seem to have as good right to be re- garded as species as the original typical forms first known. If such changes do actually take place, and we are to deduce from them that races of intermediate forms originate in the progress of time and through the causes above alluded to, then great difficulty must attend any attempt to define species of Ferns. This is espe- cially applicable in determining species from extensive suites of herbarium specimens. The number of species will be diminished or increased in accordance with the botanist's idea of specific differences : he will either amalgamate a number of allied forms under one specific name, or separate more or less of them as distinct species. On inspecting living examples of allied forms, the latter view seems to claim adoption ; for although words often fail to convey the differences between individuals, still the eye readily detects them, and knowing that each maintains its own peculiar phase or habit from year to year, the scientific observer con- siders himself justified in naming them distinct species. It is a botanical rule to retain the names under which species are first described, whether continued in their original genus, or in whatever genus they may after- 66 FEENS : BKITISH AND FOEEIGN. wards be placed. But as many species of Linnaeus, Swartz, and other old, as well as modern authors, are but indifferently described, many being derived from imperfect specimens, and with nothing but the meagre description left us for their identification, it frequently happens that some modern author detects, or supposes he has found out, that the new species of his contemporary is one of the Linngean or Swartzian doubtful species, and faith in his decision being admitted, familiar names become changed, thus bur- dening the science with additional synonyms, and rendering it in many cases impossible to reconcile one author's views with another. As an instance of the different views of authors on the identification of species and their synonyms, the genus Asplenium is a good example, it having within these few years, and near about the same time, been revised by Dr.Mettenius, Sir W. J. Hooker, and Mr. Moore. The two latter had the advantage of profiting by Dr. Mettenius's views, but in a great many cases I find it quite impos- sible to reconcile or agree with the views of either. As an example of the different views, I will cite the plant known in gardens for the last forty years by the name of Asplenium Shepherdii. The above-mentioned authors place it as a synonym, each under a different species and with different synonyms. To show the impossibility of reconciling one with the other, it will be sufficient to notice that in the Index Filicum it is found as one of twenty-three synonyms under Diplo- zium mdicans. Believing as I do that these synonyms represent several distinct species, _and the plant in question being one of them, I deem it best to retain it under the name it has been so long known by, and GENEEA OF TEENS AND THEIE CLASSIFICATION. 67 which, is very well represented in " Lowe's Ferns/' vol. v. p. 47. These observations briefly explain a few of the causes of the plurality of names possessed by most Ferns, also the difficulty of arriving at satisfactory conclusions respecting their generic and specific distinctions, affording little hope of an early unanimity amongst authors, and fully justifying every one who has studied Pteridology in giving his own views. This being the case, I have to explain that some important changes in the relative position of tribes and genera have been made in the following enumera- tion, in order to bring natural allied genera together ; thus Oleandra and the articulated Davallia are now placed in Eremobrya, which is their proper place. The tribe Aspidiece I now make a section of the tribe fkegopterideoBy their former separation being entirely dependent on the presence or absence of indusia, an organ not to be depended on in this tribe, when in many cases I am doubtful even of its value as a generic distinction, such as between Dictyopteris and Aspidium, Goniopteris and Nephrodium, Pliegopteris and Lastrea, these genera containing species perfectly analogous to one another in general habit. The fugaceous nature of the indusium also makes it an organ of less import- ance than it is generally considered. In many species it is very small, and is soon lost or obliterated by the swelling of the sporangia; it is therefore only by watching living plants while the sori are yet young, that many species can be proved to be indusiate or non-indusiate. I have long been dissatisfied with the position of HymenophyllecG as a section of the tribe Dickso?iiece, it F 2 68 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. having no natural affinity with the typical representative of that tribe. I have, therefore, characterized them as a distinct sub-order. Mettenius, in his work on Hyme- nopliyllece, published in 1864, removes them from the position they have hitherto held between Gyathece and Gleicheniece, and places them before Polypodwce} as- signing to them the lowest rank amongst the Ferns ; in their downward relationship they would border on mosses. It, however, appears that as far back as the year 1828 the elder Reichenbach regarded the Hy- menophyllece as the lowest group of Ferns, and indi- cated their relationship to be with Hepaticce. But to discuss the views of these two authors on this subject would require more space than this work will allow. These, with a few others, are the principal changes I have introduced; more might be made, but as, without being accompanied with full explanations showing my reasons, they might be considered un- necessary, I defer my views on the subject for another and more general work on the genera of Ferns, already alluded to. The limited size of this book does not permit me to give descriptions of the species; but in order to assist in referring species to their respective genera, I have given the general characters and a woodcut of each genus, and also the principal synonyms, with refe- rences to one or more published figures. The native country of each species I have given only in its widest sense, as many species have a wide geographical distri- bution, and to state their precise localities would require much space, and is the less necessary, as the special i localities of each species are given by Sir W. J. Hooker i in his great work, the " Species Filicum," now happily GENERA OF FERNS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION. 69 brought to a close after twenty years' arduous and patient study. Another work has also been compiled during the last few years : I allude to "Lowe's Ferns." It consists of nine volumes, with 550 plates, containing figures of about two-thirds of the species in cultivation, with vague descriptions and many erroneous synonyms. This is a remarkable work in its way, but devoid of scien- tific merit ; the figures being the only part worthy of notice ; many of them are good representations of species — all such I have quoted ; others are not to be relied upon, and tend rather to mislead. In the following pages I have classified Ferns and certain other Cryptogamic plants, called Fern allies, under five orders, viz. : — Order I. Filices. Annulate, or true Ferns. „ II. Marattiacese. Exannulate. Ferns. „ III. Ophioglossaceae. Adder's-tongue. Fern Ally. „ IV. Lycopodiacese. Lycopods. Fern Ally. „ V. Marsileaceae. Khizocarps. Fern Ally. The two first of these orders agree in having cir- oinate unfolding fronds, but differing essentially in liabit and nature of their spore-cases; in the first, the spore-cases being membranous, and girded by an ar- biculate ring, and the other firm and coriaceous, and destitute of a ring; they also differ in the nature of bheir roots, true Ferns having slender filiform, often 5oft, mossy roots, or they are hard and wiry, whereas in Marattiacea?, they are thick and fleshy, indicating quite i distinct habit of growth from that of true Ferns. The third order, Ophioglossacece, seems to possess some iffinity to Marattiacece in the nature of its roots and spore -cases, but its straight vernation marks it as }uite distinct. With Lycopodiacece it is connected 70 FERNS I BEITISH AND FOREIGN. through Phylloglossum Drummondii, a singular little plant, having the appearance of a small plant of Opliio- (jlossum Lusitanicum, but with a spike formed of small bracts containing sporangia in their axis, analogous to LycopodiacecB ; otherwise the family of I/ycopods stands quite isolated, appearing to have no very evident transition forms connecting it with any other except the extinct order Lepidodendrece : the same may be said of the last order, Marsileacece. The most important of the above orders is Filices. Sir W. J. Hooker, in the " Species Filicum," describes two thousand five hundred species of annulate Ferns, which, with those described since the first publica- tion of that work, twenty years ago, may now be considered to amount to no fewer than three thou- sand. To arrange and classify this mass of species is no easy task. The chief writers on Ferns adopt the difference in the position and direction of the ring, as the first important character for subdividing the order. This, however, divides it very unequally, the greater mass having the ring of the spore-case vertical, which characterizes the sub-order Polypodiacece ; this I have in the following arrangement subdivided into eleven tribes, as follows : — CONSPECTUS OF ARRANGEMENT OF ORDERS, SUB-ORDERS, AND TRIBES. 1. Annulate. — Sporangia furnished with an articulate elastic ring. ORDER I. — Filices. Frond circinately unfolding. Sporangia furnished with vertical, horizontal, or sub-oblique ring. Sub-Order I. — Polypodiacece. Ring vertical. GENERA OP FERNS AND THEIE CLASSIFICATION. 71 Division I. — Eremobrya. Fronds articulated with the rhizome. Tribe I. Oleandreae. — Sori round, medial, intra-marginal. sium lateral, interiorly attached, or sometimes central plane. II. Davalleae. — Sori round, terminal, marginal. Indusium lateral, interiorly attached, vertically urceolate. III. Polypodeae. — Sori round or linear, naked. Division II. — Desmobrya. Fronds adherent to the stem. Tribe IV. Acrosticheae. — Sori amorphous, naked. V. Grammiteae. — Sori oblong or linear, simple, forked, or reticulated, naked. VI. Phegopteridese. — Sori round, rarely linear, naked or indusiate. Indusium lateral, interiorly attached or central, or rarely calyciform. VII. Pterideae. — Sori marginal, round, or linear and trans- verse. Indusium lateral, exteriorly attached on the margin. VIII. Blechneae. — Sori intra-marginal, linear, transverse. Indusium lateral, exteriorly attached. IX. Asplenese. — Sori linear, oblique. Indusium lateral. X. Dicksoneae. — Sori marginal, round, or linear and transverse. Indusium lateral, interiorly attached, conniving with the changed margin, forming a groove or urceolate sub-bivalved cyst. XI. Cyath,eae. — Sori round, intra-marginal. Receptacles elevated. — Indusium calyciform, or lateral and inte- riorly attached or absent. Sub-Order II. — G-leicheniacece. Ring horizontal. (Sori intra-marginal.) Sub-Order III. — Hymenophyllacece. Ring horizontal or oblique. (Sori marginal.) 72 FERNS : BEITISH AND FOEEIGN. Sub-Order IV. — Osmundacea. Ring apical, often rudimentary only. Tribe I. Schiz«£ae. — Sporangia, produced on contracted racemes, or on terminal or marginal spike-like appendices, ring complete. II. Osmundese. — Sporangia globose. Ring rudimentary only. 2. Exannulatae. — Sporangia coriaceous, destitute of a ring. ORDER II. — Marattiacece. Fronds circinate. Sporangia dorsal, free, or connate, opaque, coriaceous. ORDER III. — Ophioglossacece. Vernation straight, the fronds rising from a root-stock, consisting of a fascicle (more or less according to age) of fleshy roots. Sporangia homogeneous, connate on spikes, or free and paniculate. ORDER IV. — Lycopodiacece. Plants with indefinite prolonging, erect or pendulous, stems furnished with acerose rusciform, or jungermania-like leaves (some- times very small), bearing 1-3-celled sporangia in their axes, or on catkin-like spikes. ORDER V. — Marsileacece. Plants floating or growing in water, consisting of grass or trefoil- like leaves, or branched with imbricate leaves, bearing 1-3, or many-celled sporangia at their base or otherwise (see the characters of the respective genera). 73 AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. ORDER L— PILICES. Fronds circinately unfolding, uniform and leafy, bearing sporangia on their under side or margin (rarely on both sides) ; or of two forms, one leafy and sterile, the other wholly, or some portion of its segments more or less contracted and fertile. Sporangia membraneous, one-celled, free, furnished with a vertical, horizontal, or oblique articulated elastic ring. SUB-ORDER I.— POLYPODIACEJE. Sporangia globose or oval, unilocular, pedicellate or sessile, membraneous, furnished with a vertical ring, and opening at a right angle to the direction of the ring. DIVISION I. — Eremobrya. Fronds in vernation lateral, solitary, attached to the axis (rhizome) by a special articulation. * Sori indusiate. TRIBE L— OLEANDRE^. Sori round, medial. Indusivm lateral, interiorly attached or sometimes central, plane. 74 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 1. OLEANDRA, Cav. Rhizome surculose or erect, subfrutescent and ramose ; node of articulation sessile, or more or less elevated on the stipes. Fronds simple, entire, linear- lanceolate, 1 — 1| foot long, smooth or pilose. Veins simple, or once or twice forked; venules free, parallel, their apices curved out- wards, forming a narrow car- tilaginous margin. Receptacles Genus i.-Portipn of mature frond punctiform, medial, or basal on —under side. NO. 4. the anterior venules. Sori round, transversely uniserial, or irregular. Indusium reniform, or rarely orbicular. 1. O. nodosa, Presl.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 157. Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 17. Aspidium nodosum, Willd. (Plum. Fil. t. 136) ; Hook. Exot. Fil. 1. 117. Aspidium articulatum, Schk. Fil. t. 27. — West Indies and Guiana. 2. O. articulata, Presl. Aspidium articulatum, 8w. (excl. Syn. Plum, et Schk.). — East Indies, Mauritius, and Natal. 3. O. Wallichii, Presl. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 158. Aspidium Wallichii, Hook. Exot. Fil. t, 5. Kunze, Fil. t. 19. Neuroma Asplenioides, D. Don. — East Indies. 4. O. neriiformis, Cav. ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 58 ; Lowe's Ferns, 7,t. 16. Aspidium neriiforme, Sw. ; Kunze, Fil. t. 18. Ophiopteris verticillata, Reinw. — Var. hirtella, Moore. Oleandra hirtella, M'iq. ; Kunze, Fil. t. 129. Oleandra pilosa, Hook, et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 45 B. — East Indies, Malayan Archipelago, and Tropical America. TRIBE II.— DAVALLIE-33. Sori round or oblong, terminal, marginal.' . Indusium lateral, interior, plane, or its sides more or less adnate, forming a vertical cyst, open exteriorly. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 75 2. HUMATA, Goto. Rhizome surculose, slender, squamiferous. Fronds linear- lanceolate, entire, sinuose, pinnatifid or deltoid bipinnatifid, smooth, coriaceous. Veins simple or forked ; venules free, often thickened and clavate. Receptacles terminal, punctiform, on all or only on the anterior venules of each fascicle. Sori marginal or anti-marginal. Indu- sium sub-rotund or reniform, coriaceous, Genus 2.— Portion of fertile interiorly attached by its base only, frond-underside. NO. i. shorter or equal with the margin, and forming with it a bila- biate vertical or sometimes oblique cyst. 1. H. heterophylla, /. Sm. ; Hook, et Bauer, Gen. Fil. 1. 114. Humata ophioglossa, Cav. Humata pinnatifida, Cav. Davallia heterophylla, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil t. 230 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 27 ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, 1. 19 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. I,/. 152. — Malayan Archipelago. 2. H. pedata, /. 8m. Davallia pedata, 8m. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 45 A; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 7. Pachypleura pedata, Presl. — Malayan Archipelago. 3. H. Cumingii, /. 8m. Davallia Cumingii, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 45 B. — Philippine Islands, Ceylon. 3. DAVALLIA, 8m. Rhizome surculose creeping, or sub-erect and sub-frutescent. Fronds generally deltoid, pinnate, bi-tripinnate, or multifid, smooth, often coriaceous. Veins forked; ^^^ — \ venules free, th<; \ fertile ones often ^^^^^^ \ very short. Re- ceptacles puncti- form, terminal. Sori sub-rotund or vertically oblong, marginal. Indmiwn scariose, its sides adnate, forming an urceolate or tubular vertical cyst, open exteriorly. Genus 3.— Pinnule of fertile frond— under side. No. 7. 76 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. * Fronds pinnate, pinnae entire or lobed. 1. D. pentaphylla, Blume ; Hook. Fil Exot. t. 37 ; Kunze, Fil. 1. 108. Scyphularia pentaphylla, Fee. Stenolobus pentaphyllus, Presl Davallia tryphylla, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 46 A; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 18.— Malayan Archipelago. ** Fronds bi-tripinnately compound. 2. D. bullata, Wall. ; Hook. Sp. Fil t. 50 B— East Indies. 3. D. dissecta, /. 8m. ; Moore in Gard. Chron. 1855, p. 469 ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 20. — Malayan Archipelago. j3. decora, Davallia decora, Moore in Sim's Cat. — Java. 4. D. Canariensis, 8m. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 56 A ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. 1. 142. Trichomanes Canariense, Linn. Poly- podium Lusitanicum, Linn. — South of Europe, Madeira, and Canary Islands. 5. D. ornata, Wall. Stenolobus ornatus, Presl. Davallia solida, |3. latifolia, Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 42 B; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 57. — Singapore. 6. D. solida, Sw.; Schk. Fil. 1. 126.— Malayan and Polynesian Islands. 7. D. pyxidata, Ccuo. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 27 ; Hook. Sp. Fil t. 55 C. — Australia. 8. D. Lindleyi, Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 58 B.— New Zealand ? 9. D. elegans, Sw.; Hook. Sp. Fil t. 43 A B ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 22. Davallia bidentata, Schk. Fil t. 127 — Malayan Archipelago. 10. D. divaricata, Blvme. Davallia polyantha, Hook. Sp. Fil t. 59 A ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 23. — Malayan Archi- 11. D. elata, Sw.; Schk. Fil I 1275; Hook. Sp. Fil 1, 166, t. 55 A. — Society Islands, Malayan Archipelago, &c. 12. D. nitidula, Kunze; Schk. Supp. Fil t. 37, /. 2; Hook. Sp. Fil t. 44 A. D. Kunzii, Hort~ South and West Africa. 13. D. Vogelii, Hook. Sp. Fil I 59 I?.— Fernando Po. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 77 4. LEUCOSTEGIA, Presl Rhizome thick, short, surculose, sometimes hypogaeous. Fronds deltoid, tripinnatifid, or multifid, sometimes lanceolate and bipinnatifid. Veins forked ; venules free, the anterior ones often very short. Receptacles terminal, superficial, or immersed on the exterior venules. Sori round. Indusium sub-reniform, oblong, or nearly orbicular, plane, interiorly attached by its broad base, equal with or shorter than the margin, thin, scariose. ^11 \r^ ,- Genus 4.— -Barren pinna. * Rhizome epigceous eguamose. 1. L. hirsuta, /. Sm. En. Fil. Philipp. Microlepia hirsuta, Moore. Davallia ciliata, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, 184, L 60 A.— Luzon. 2 L. Borneensis, /. Sm. ; Nephrodium (Lastrea) Borneense, Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. Ill; Hook. Ic. PL t. 993.— Borneo. 3. L. parvula, /. Sm. Davallia parvula, Wall. ; Hook et Grev. Ic. Fil.f. 138. — Malayan Islands, Singapore. 4. L. pulchra, J. Sm. Davallia pulchra, D. Don. Acro- phorus pulchra, Moore Ind. Fil. (excl. syn. Davallia chserophylla) . — Nepal. 5. L. chserophylla, J". Sm. Davallia chaerophylla, Wall; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, 157, t. 51 A. Acrophorus chaero- phyllus, Moore. Humata chaerophylla, Mettin. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 27, /. 9, 10.— East Indies. T. 6. L. afimis, /. 8m. Davallia affinisj Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, 158, t. 52 B. Acrophorus amnis, Moore. Humata affinis, Mett. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 27, /. 5, 6.— Ceylon, Singapore, Philippine Islands. ** Rhizome Jiypogceous. Fronds deciduous. 7. L. immersa, Presl.; J. Sm. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 52 A. Davallia immersa, Wall. ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 79. Acrophorus immersus, Moore. Humata immersa Mettin.— East Indies. 78 FERNS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN. ** Son naked. TRIBE III.— POLYPODIES, J.Sm. Son round, oblong, or linear, destitute of a special indusium. 5. POLYPODIUM, Linn, in part. Rhizome generally short and thick, sometimes sub-hypogaeous. Fronds pinnatifid, pinnate, or bi-tripinnatifid, rarely simple, smooth, villose, or squamiferous, from 6 inches to 2-3 feet high. Veins forked, very rarely simple; venules free. Receptacles punctiform, superficial, terminal on the lower anterior venules. 8ori round or rarely oval, transversely uniserial or solitary on lacinise. Genus 5.— Portion of mature frond. No. 7. * Fronds pinnatifid. 1. P. pectinatum, Linn.; Plum. Fil. t. 83; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 10 ; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 21. — Tropical America. 2. P. Paradisese, Lang, et Fisch. Ic. Fil. 1. 11 ; Lowe's Ferns, 2, 1. 1. P. Otites, Hort. (non Linn.}.— Brazil. 3. P. Schkuhrii, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 27. P. pectinatum, ScTik. Fil. t. 17 C (excl. syn.). P. plumula, Moore and Houlst. (non Humb.). P. plumosum, Hort. — Brazil. 4. P. Martensii, Mett. P. affine, Mart, et Gal Fil. Mex. t. 8, /. 1 (not Blume}. — Mexico. 5. P. vulgare, Linn. ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 2 ; Eng. Bot. 1149; Lindl. and Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t.l,f. A, B, C, D ; Bolt. Fil. Brit. t. 18 ; Sowerby, Ferns of Gr. Brit. 1. 1. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FEENS. 79 Var. Cambricum, Willd. ; Bolt. Fil. Brit. t. 2, /. 5 A ; Lindl. and Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 3, /. A. P. Cambricum, Linn. Va/r. semilacerum, Link. ; Lindl. and Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 2 A (bis). P. vulgare, var. Hiber- nicum, Sowerby, Ferns of Or. Brit. t. 10. Var. acutum, Lindl. and Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t.lE. Var. serratum, Willd.; Lindl. and Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t.2 B (bis). Var. crenatum, Lindl. and Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 3 B. Var. bifidum, Lindl. and Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t.l F. Var. cristatum, Linn. ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 26 B. 6. P. plebejum, Schlecht. ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 48 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 33. P. Karwinskianum, A. Braun ; J. 8m. Gat. Cult. Ferns, 1857.— Tropical America. T. ** Fronds pinnate. 7. P. Henchmanii, /. 8m. ; Moore and Houlst. in Mag. of Bot. ; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 30. P. fraternum, J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1857 (? Schlecht.).— Mexico. 8. P. subpetiolatum, HooJc. Ic. PI. t. 391, 392. P. biser- ratum, Mart, et Gal. Fil. Mex. t. 9, /. 1. — Mexico. 9. P. sororium, H. B. IT.— West Indies and Tropical America. 6. LEPICYSTIS, /. 8m. Rhizome short and rigid, or slender and surculose. Fronds pinnatifid, 6 — 18 inches high, densely covered with round or elongated ciliated scales. Veins pinnately forked, anastomosing, Genus 6.— Portion of fertile frond, under side. No. 3. 80 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. lower exterior veimles free. Receptacles punctiform, terminal on the free venules in the costal areoles. Sori round, transverse, uniserial, protruding through the dense scales. 1. L. incana, J. 8m. Polypodium incanum, Sw. P. velatum, Sclik. Fit. t. 11 B. — Tropical America and Southern United States. 2. L. sepulta, J. 8m. Polypodium sepultum, Kaulf. ; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 34 A. P. rufulum, Presl. P. hirsutissimum, Rad. Fil. Bras. L 26. Acrostichum lepidopteris, Lang, et Fiscli. Ic. Fil. t. 2. — Tropical America. 8. Ii. squamata, J". 8m. Polypodium squamatum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 79) ; Loive's New Ferns, t. 34. — West Indies. 4. L. rhagadiolepis, J. 8m. Goniophlebium rhagadiolepis, Fee, Mem. Polypod. t. 19,/. 3. Polypodium thysano- lepis, A. Braun. — Tropical America. T. 7. GONIOPHLEBIUM, Preel; J.Sm. Rhizome thick and fleshy, or slender and sub-hypogseous. Fronds pinnatifid or pinnate, rarely simple, uniform, 1 — 3 feet high, smooth or slightly pubescent, segments and pinnae adhe- rent with the rachis. Veins once or more times forked, or equally pinnate, the lower anterior venule always free, the rest angu- larly anastomosing, and generally producing an excurrent free veinlet from the junctions. Receptacles punctiform, superficial, terminal on the anterior free venules and also often on the Genus 7. — Portion of mature frond. No. 12. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FEENS. 81 excurrent veinlets. Sori round, or rarely oblong, solitary in the areoles, or transverse, 1-6-serial, naked. * Fronds pinnatifid. 1. G. appendiculatum, Moore in Gard. CJiron. (1856). Poly- podium appendiculatum, Linden; J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1857, p. 2 ; Hook. Fil Exot. t. 87. P. scriptum, Hort. P. sculptum, Sort. — Venezuela and Mexico. 2. G. plectolepis, Moore. Polypodium (Goniophlebium) plec- tolepis, Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 30. — Dominica, Mexico. 3. G. loriceum, /. 8m. Polypodium loriceum, Linn.; Plum. Fil. t. 78. Polypodium gonatodes, Kunze. Gonio- phlebium latipes, Moore and Houlst. P. latipes, Lang, et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 10. — Tropical America. 4. G. Catharinse, /. Sm. Polypodium Catharinee, Lang, et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 9. — Brazil. 5. G. glaucum, ./. Sm. Polypodium glaucum, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 29, /. 1.— Brazil. 6. G. harpeodes, J. Sm. Polypodium harpeodes, Link. — Brazil. 7. G. colpodes, J". Sm. Polypodium colpodes, Kunze; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 60. — Venezuela. 8. G. Isetum, /. Sm. Polypodium laetum, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 28.— Brazil. 9. G. vacillans, J". Sm. Polypodium vacillans, Link.— Brazil. ** Fronds pinnate. 10. G. fraxinifolium, /. Sm. Polypodium fraxinifolium, Jacq. Ic. Ear. t. 639. P. longifolium, Presl— Tropical America. 11. G. distans, J. Sm. Polypodium distans, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 31. P. polystichum, Link. P. deflexum, Lodd. — Tropical America. 12. G. menisciifolmm, J". Sm. Polypodium menisciifolium, Lang, et Fisch. Ic. Fil. 1. 12. P. albopunctatum, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 30 ; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 36. Goniophle- bium albopunctatum, /. Sm. — Brazil. 13. G. dissimile, /. 8m. Polypodium dissimile, Linn., non Sclik.; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 35. Goniophlebium chnoodes, Fee. — Jamaica. G 82 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 14. G-. insequale, J. Sm. Phlebodium inaequale, Moore. Poly- podium insequale, Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 28. Polypodium (Goniophlebium) Guatemalense, Hook. — Guatemala. 15. G-. neriifolium, /. 8m. Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 70 B. Poly- podium neriifolium, Schk. Fil. 1. 15 ; Radd. Fil. Bras, t. 31 Us. — West Indies and Tropical America. 8. SCHELLOLEPIS, J. Sm. Vernation contiguous or distant. Rhizome slender, sub-hypo- Fronds pinnate or pinnatifid, generally slender and pendulous, 1^-12 feet long, smooth or nearly so ; pinnce and segments articulated with the rachis. Veins once or more times Genus 8. -Portion of pinna of mature frond, under side. No. 3. forked or pinnate ; the lower exterior venules always free, the rest angularly anastomosing. Receptacles punctiform, generally immersed, on the apices of the lower free venules. Sori round, solitary in the areoles, transverse uniserial, furnished with indu- siform laciniate scales. 1. S. CUSpidata/J". Sm. Polypodium cuspidatum, BL, not Don. Goniophlebium cuspidatum, Presl. P. grandidens, Kunze ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Leipsic. t. 23. P. colpo- thrix, Kunze. Goniophlebium argutum, Cat. Hort. Kew., not Polypodium argutum, Wall. — Java. 2. S. subauriculata, J. Sm. Polypodium subauriculatum, SI. Fl. Jav. 6, t. 83. Goniophlebium subauriculatum, Presl. P.Reinwardtii, Kunze. P.metamorphum, Kunze. Goniophlebium Pleopeltis, Fee.— Malayan Archipelago. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 83 3. S. vermcosa, /. Stn. Polypodium verracosum, Wall. ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 41. Marginalia verrucosa, Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 14, 10 B. Goniophlebium verru- cosum, /. 8m. Cat. (1857). — Malacca. 9. PHLEBODIUM, E. Br. ; J. 8m. Rhizome thick and fleshy. Fronds large, 2-6 feet high, pinnatifid or subpinnate, membranous, smooth or glaucous. Veins pinnate ; venules arcuately or angularly anastomosing, Genus 9. — Portion of pinna of mature frond, under side. No. 1. producing two or three excurrent veinlets terminating in the areoles ; the costal areoles always vacant. Receptacles puncti- form, on the combined apices of the excurrent veinlets. Sori round, transversely 1-6-serial, destitute of scales. 1. P. aureum, JR. Br. Polypcdium aureum, Linn. ; Plwm. Fil. t. 76 ; Sclik. Fil. t. 12.— Tropical America. 2. P. sporodocarpum, J". Sm. Polypodium sporodocarpum, Willd. Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 6. P. glaucum, Hort,— Mexico. 3. P. areolatum, J. 8m. Polypodium areolatum, Willd. — Venezuela. G2 t • ,>'•-'• 84 FERNS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN. 4. P. pulvinatum, /. 8m. Polypodium pulvinatum, Link ; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 56. — Brazil. 5. P. dictyocallis, /. 8m. Chrysopteris dictyocallis, Fee. Polypodium dictyocallis, Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 36. Phle- bodium multiseriale, Moore, Gard. Chron. (1855). — Tropical America. 10. LOPHOLEPIS, /. 8m. Rhizome slender, much elongated. Fronds simple, entire, 1-6 inches high, squamose or smooth; the fertile contracted, linear. Veins pinnately forked ; the lower anterior vemiles free, Genus 10.— Portion of rhizome and barren fronds. No. 1. the rest angularly anastomosing. Receptacles punctiform, ter- minal on the free venules in the costal areoles. Sari round, generally confluent, transversely uniserial, furnished with elongated scales, or destitute of scales. 1. L. piloselloides, J. Sm. Polypodium' piloselloides, Linn. (Plum. Fit. t. 118) ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 18 ; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 32. Goniophlebium piloselloides, J. 8m. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 85 (olim). Marginaria piloselloides, Presl. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 51.— West Indies and Tropical America. 2. L. ciliata, /. 8m. Polypodium ciliatum, Willd. ; Gonio- phlebium ciliatum, /. 8m. (olim). — West Indies and Tropical America. 3. L. vaccinifolia, J. Sm. Polypodium vaccinifolium, Lang. et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 7 ; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 41. Ana- peltis vaccinifolia, /. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857). Goniophlebium vaccinifolium, /. Sm. Cat. Kew Ferns. (1846).— Brazil. (3 albida, /. 8m. Fronds smaller, whitish on the upper surface. — Bahia. 11. ANAPELTIS, J. 8m. Rhizome surculose, elongating. Fronds simple, 1-6 inches long, the fertile usually contracted and linear, smooth, generally opaque. Veins arcuately or angularly anastomosing. Recep- Genus 1 1.— Portion of barren frond. No. 5. tacles punctiform, produced on the confluent apices of two or more excurrent veinlets terminating in the medial areoles, or sometimes compital. Sori round or ovate, transversely uniserial, naked. 1. A. serpens, /. Sm. Polypodium serpens, Sw. ; Phwn. Fil. t. 121. Pleopeltis serpens, Presl. Goniophle- bium serpens, Moore. — West Indies. 86 FERNS : BEIT1SH AND FOREIGN. 2. A. Owariensis, /. 8m. Polypodium Owariense, Desv.; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 62. Goniophlebium Owariense, Lodd. — Sierra Leone. 3. A. lycopodioides, /. 8m. Polypodium lycopodioides, Linn. ; Plum. Fil. t. 119. Pleopeltis lycopodioides, Presl— West Indies. 4. A. nitida, /. 8m. En. Fil Hort. Kew. (1846). Pleopeltis nitida, Moore. — Honduras. 5. A. stigmatica, J. 8m. Polypodium stigmaticum, Presl. Rel. Hcenk. t. 3, /. 2. Pleopeltis stigmatica, Presl. Phlebodium venosum, Moore et Houlst. Anapeltis venosa, /. 8m. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857). Poly- podium venosum, Loive's Ferns, 1, t. 35. — Tropical America. 6. A. squamulosa, J. Sm. Polypodium squamulosum, Kaulf. ; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 50; 2, t. 29 B. Pleopeltis squamulosa, Presl. Polypodium myrtifolium, Lodd. —Brazil. 7. A. geminata, J. 8m. Polypodium geminatum, Schrad.; Metten. Polypodium iteophyllum, I/irik. — Brazil. 12. PLEOPELTIS, Humb. ; J. 8m. Rhizome surculose, elongating. Fronds simple, sinuose, or pinnatifid, 4—12 inches high, opaque, squami- ferous. Veins arcuately anastomos- ing. Sporangia produced on the con- fluent apices of two or more excurrent veinlets, terminating in the medial areoles. Sori punctiform, oblong, or (by confluence) linear, transversely uniserial, furnished with indusiform .—Portion of mature peltate scales. Genus 12 frond, under side. No. 1. 1. P. percussa, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 67. Polypodium per- cussum, Cav. ; Lang, et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. Poly- AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 87 podium cuspidatum, Presl. Reliq. Hcenk. t. I,/. 3. Polypodium avenium, Desv. — Tropical America. 2. P. lanceolata, Presl. Polypodium lanceolatum, Linn.; Plum. Fil. t. 137. Polypodium macrocarpum, Willd. Pleopeltis macrocarpa, Kaulf. Pleopeltis lepidota, Presl. Pleopelfcis Helenas, Presl. — Tropical America, St. Helena, South Africa, and Bourbon. 3. P. elongata, J. Sm. Grammitis elongata, Sw. Synammia elongata, Presl. Grammitis lanceolata, Sclik. Fil. t. 7. — Tropical America. 4. P. nuda, Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 63 (non Hook. Gen. Fil.). Phy- matodes (Lepisorus) nuda, /. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857). Polypodium loriforme, Wall. Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 18. Pleopeltis loriformis, Presl. ; Drynaria Fortunei, T. Moore (non Link). Polypodium leio- pteris, Kunze; Metten. Fil. Hort. Leip. t. 25, /. 37.— East Indies. 5. P. excavata, J. Sm. Polypodium excavatum, Bory in Willd. Phymatodes (Lepisorus) excavata, J. 8m. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857). Polypodium scolopendrinum, D. Don. Polypodium sesquipedalis, Wall. Poly- podium phlebodes, Kunze; Pleopeltis nuda, Hook. Gen. Fil t. 18 (non Hook. Exot. .FZ.).— East Indie?, Mauritius, and China. 13. PARAGBAMMA, Moore. Rhizome short, csespitose or slender elongated. Fronds simple, linear- lanceolate, obtuse, -| to 1^ foot in length, smooth, coriaceous. Veins compound anastomosing, internal, ob- scure, nearly uniform. Receptacles compital, deeply immersed, forming oblong or short linear cysts near to, and parallel with, the margin. Sori oblong-linear, marginal, furnished with indusioid stipitate squamae. Genus 13.— Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 1. 88 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 1, P. longifolia, Moore, Ind. Fil Grammatis (Paragramma) longifolia et decurrens, Blume. Drynaria revoluta, J". Sm. En. Fil. Phil. Phymatodes longifolia, /. 8m. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857). Polypodium contiguum, Wall. ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 987 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 20. — Malacca, Moulmein, Java, and Luzon. 14. NIPHOPSIS, J. Sm. Rhizome slender, surculose. Fronds simple, linear-lan- ceolate, coriaceous, opaque, densely covered with stellate pubescence, 6 inches to 1 foot in length. Veins internal, obscure, compound anasto- mosing ; primary veins indis- tinct. Receptacles compital. Sori oval, large, transverse uniserial. 1. N. angustatus, /. Sm. Lowe's ]$ew Ferns, 138 A. Poly- podium angustatum, Sw. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 8 c. Pleo- peltis angustata, Presl. Niphobolus angustatus, Spreng. Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 20. Niphobolus sphaerocephalus, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil t. 94. Polypodium sphaerocephalum, Wall. Phymatodes sphaerocephalus, Presl. Niphobolus macrocarpus, Hook, et Arn. — Malayan Archipelago. Genus 14. — Portion of barren frond. No. 15. DICTYMIA, /. 8m. Rhizomes short. Fronds simple, linear or lanceolate, coriaceous, smooth, 6-12 inches long. Veins reticulated, uniform, obscure. Receptacles punctiform, compital. Sori oval, transverse uniserial, destitute -of scales. Genus 15. —Portion of ferflc frond. No.l. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 89 1 , D. attemiata, J. 8m. En. Fil. Sort. Kew. (1846). Poly- podium attenuatum, R. Br. ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 30 (not Hook. Ic. PL t. 409). Dictyopteris attenuata, Presl. (not Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 71). —New South Wales and Victoria. 16. DRYMOGLOSSUM, Presl ; J. 8m. Rhizome slender, surculose. Fronds simple, entire, 1-4 inches long, of two forms, the sterile subrotund- elliptical, the Genus 13.— Barren and fertile frond, slightly enlarged. No. 1. fertile contracted, linear. Veins obscure; venules compoundly anastomosing. Receptacles elongated, compital. Sori linear, continuous, transverse, intra-marginal, furnished with stellate indusioid scales. 1. D. piloselloides, Presl Hook. Gard. Ferns, t.46. Pteris piloselloides, Linn. Sw. Syn. Fil t. 2, /. 3 ; Schk. Fil t. 87.— East Indies. 90 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 17. NEVKODIUM, Fee. Rhizome short, csespitose. Fronds simple, entire, 6-12 inches long, lanceolate, thick and fleshy, the fertile portion somewhat contracted. Veins obscure; vemiles compoundly anastomosing. Receptacles elongated, compital. Sori linear, Genus 1 7.— Portions of fertile frond, natural size. No. 1. continuous, transverse marginal, on the upper portion of the fronds destitute of scales. 1. N. lanceolatum, Fee, Gen. Fil. t. 8 c. Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 64 A. Pteris lanceolata, Linn. (Plum. Fil. 1. 132). Taenitis lanceolata, R. Br. Drymoglossum lanceola- tum, J". 8m. (olim). PteroDsis lanceolata, Desv.; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 45.— West Indies. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 91 18. DICKANOGLOSSUM, /. 8m. Rhizome short, caespitose. Fronds contiguous, furcately-pinnatifid, 6-12 inches high, coriaceous, sparsely squa- miferous, segments lanceolate-cuspidate, the fertile slightly contracted. Veins obscure, simple, or forked, free, or their apices arcuately anastomosing, forming linear transverse superficial receptacles, which, by contiguity, constitute a con- tinuous or interrupted, linear, intra- marginal, naked sorus. 1. D. furcatum, /. Sm. ; Bot. Voy. Herald. Pteris furcata, Linn.; Plum. Fil. t. 114. Taenitis furcata, Willd. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 7. Pteropsis furcata, Presl. ; J. Sm. Gen. Fil 1841. Cus- pidaria furcata, Fee, Gen. Fil t. 8 A, f. 2 -West Genusl8_Portionoffertlle Indies and Tropical America. trend, under side. NO. i . I ____ . 19. HYMENOLEPIS, Kaulf. Eliizomes short, cjsspitose. Fronds simple, 6-12 inches long, Genus 19.— Portion of fertile frond, natural size ; ditto fert le &nd sterile, enlarged. No. 1. 92 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. linear-lanceolate, coriaceous, smooth, the upper portion con- tracted and fertile, plicate and indusiform, forming a linear spike. Veins obscure ; venules compoundly anastomosing. Receptacles elongated, compital. Sori linear, continuous, trans- verse, on the upper portion of the fronds confluent, furnished with numerous suborbicular hyaline scales. 1. H. spicata, Presl ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 78 ; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 64 B. Acrostichum spicatum, Linn. ; Sm. Ic. ined. t. 49. Lomaria spicata, Willd. Gymnopteris spicata, Presl. ; J. 8m. Gen. Fil. Hymenolepis ophio- # glossoides, Kaulf. ; Kunze, Fil. t. 4* CLP galarly ana- stomosing, producing two or more excurrent free v^inlets , R?r Genus 27.— Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 5. rssptades pnnctiform, terminal or medial on the free veinlets. Sari round, obliquely biserial or irregular, destitute of scales. * Fronds simple. 1. C. ensifolium, J". 8m. Polypodium ensifolium, Willd. Marginaria ensifolia, Presl. Campy loneurum angus- tifolium, /3 tseniosum, Moore. — Tropical America. 2. C. angTistifolium, Fee. Polypodium angustifolium, Sw. ; Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 24, /. 2. Marginaria angustifolia, Presl. Polypodium dimorphnm, Link. Polypodium leucorhizon, Kit. Polypodium amphostemum, Kunze. — Tropical America. 3. C. fasciale, Presl. Polypodium fasciale, Humb. P. lapa- tliifolram, Radd. Fil Bras. t. 24, /. 3.— Brazil and Venezuela. 4. C. rigidum, J. 8m. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857), p. 13. C. luci- dum, Moore. Polypodium nitidum, Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 12 (excl. syn.). — Tropical America. 5. C. repens, Presl. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 71 A. Polypodium repens, Linn.; Plum. Fil. t. 134. C. csespitosum, Link ; J. 8m. Cat. (1857). Polypodium caespitosum, Link ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 24, /. 4, 5. — Tropical America. 102 -6. C. 7. C. ' >*' • ' 8. C. 9. C. FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Presl. Polypodium Phyllitidis, Linn.; , V (Pimi.u3?il.t. 130). — Tropical America. nitidum, ;PresL Polypodium nitidum, Kaulf. Cam- *' pyteneurum latum, Moore, Ind. Fit. p. 225. — Tropical America. brevifolium, Link. Polypodium brevifolium, Link ; Mett. Fil. Hort. Lips. — Tropical America. =** Fronds pinnate. decurrens, Presl. Polypodium decurrens, Eadd. Fil. Bras. t. 33. Polypodium polyantlios, Hort. Brux. — Brazil. 28. DBYNABIA, Bory ; J. Sm. Rhizome short, thick, and fleshy. Fronds rigid ; the sterile (when present) sessile, broad cordate, sinuose or laciniated ; the fertile stipitate or sessile, pinnatifid or pinnate, rarely simple, the segments articulated with the rachis ; when sessile, the base is similar to the special sterile frond. Veins external, elevated, Genus 28.— Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 6. compound anastomosing, forming quadrate or hexagonal areoles; primary veins costaaform or obsolete. Receptacles compital. Sori round, small, numerous, and irregular, or transversely or obliquely serial, sometimes confluent, forming a linear soras between the costseform veins. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED PERNS. 103 * 8ori transversely uniserial. •f Fronds pinnatifid. 1. D. prop in qua, /. Sin. Polypodium propinquum, Wall. Phymatodes propinqua, Presl. Polypodium Will- denowii, Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 35 ; non Bory. — Bast Indies. •ff Fronds pinnate. 2. D. diversifolia, /. 8m. Polypodium diversifolium, E. Br. ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 5. Polypodium Gaudichaudi, Bory ; Bl. Fit. Jav. t. 57. Drynaria pinnata, Fee. Polypodium glaucistipes, Wall. Drynaria Hilli, Hort. — East Indies, Malayan Archipelago, and Aus- tralia. ** Sori oblique, uniserial. •f Fronds pinnatifid. 3. D. coronans, J. 8m. ; Fee. Polypodium coronans, Wall. ; Hook. Fil. .Exot. t. 91. Phymatodes coronans, Presl. — East Indies and Malacca. *** Sori oblique, biserial. 4. D. quercifolia, Bory; Fee. Polypodium quercifolium, lAnn. ; ScJik. Fil. t. 13. Phymatodes quercifolia, Presl. — East Indies, Mauritius, Malayan Archipelago, and Australia. ***# gori numerouS) irregular. f Fronds simple. 5. D. mussefolia, /. 8m. Polypodium musasfolium, Bl. Fil. Jav. t. 79. Polypodium microsorum, Metten. Cat. Hort. Herrenh. — Malayan Archipelago. •f-f Fronds pinnatifid. 6. D. Heraclea, J. 8m. Polypodium (§ Drynaria) Heracleum, Kunze ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 1. Drynaria mor- billosa, J". 8m. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1857. — Malayan Archipelago. 104 PEEKS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. DIVISION II. Desmobrya. Fronds in vernation terminal, uniserial or fasciculate, their bases adherent and continuous with the stem, which is either a caudex or sarmentum. .— ACROSTICHE^. Sori undefined (amorphous), naked. Fertile fronds or seg- ments always more or less contracted ; the under side (or rarely both sides) densely sporangiferous. Acrostichum, Linn. § 1. Elaphoglossece. Fronds always simple. Veins free or rarely combined at the margin or reticulated. * Veins free. 29. ELAPHOGLOSSUM, Schott.; J. 8m. Vernation uniserial and sarmentose, or subfasciculate and decumbent, squamose. Stipes often pseudo-articulate, node Genus 29. — Portion of barren frond, under side. No. 3. Genus 29.— Portion of fertile frond, under side. No. 3. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FEENS. 105 elevated. Fronds simple, entire, from 2 inches to 2-| feet high, smooth or squamose. Veins simple or forked, parallel, direct, their apices free and clavate. Fertile fronds plain, the under side sporangiferous. * Fronds smooth or nearly so. f Vernation sarmentose. Fronds distant. 1. E. stigmatolepis, /. 8m. Acrostichum stigmatolepis, Fee, Acrost. t. 24, /. 2.— Ceylon. 2. E. Funckii, J. 8m. Acrostichnm Funckii, Fee, Acrost. t. 6, /. 1. Acrostichum (Elaphoglossum) Funckii, Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 205.— Venezuela and Trinidad. tt Vernation fasciculate, decumbent. 3. E. conforme, Schott. Acrostichum conforme, Sw. Syn. Fil. t. 1, /. 1.— South Africa and Java. 4. E. callsefolium, /. 8m. Acrostichum callsefolium, Bl. Fil. Jav. t. 4. — Java. 5. E. Sieberi, J. Sm. Acrostichum Sieberi, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil, t. 237.— Mauritius. 6. E. crassinerve, J". 8m. Acrostichum crassinerve, Kunze. — Brazil. 7. E. latifolium, /. 8m. Acrostichum latifolium, Sw.; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 42. — Tropical America. 8. E. Herminieri, J. 8m. Acrostichum Herminieri, Bory, in Fee, Acrost. t. 11. Acrostichum (Elaphoglossum) Herminieri, Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 216. — Tropical America and Trinidad. 9. E. microlepis, J". Sm. Acrostichum microlepis, Eimze. — Venezuela. ** Fronds more or less densely squamiferous. 10. E. piloselloides, /. 8m. Acrostichum piloselloides, Presl. Beliq. Haenk. t. 2, /. 1 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 29.— Tropical America. 1 06 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 11. E. rubiginosum, /. 8m. Acrostichum rubiginosum, Fee, Acrost. t. 5, /. 1, et t. 13, /. 1. E. brachyneuron, J. Sm. Acrostichum brachyneuron, Fee, Acrost. t. 22, /. 1. A. Schiedei, Kunze. A. frigida, Linden. — Tropical America. 12. E. cuspidatum, J. Sm. Acrostichum cuspidatum, Fee, Acrost. t. 14, /. 2. — West Indies and Tropical America. 13. E. Blumeanum, J". 8m. En. Fil. Phil. Acrostichum Blumeanum, Fee. A. viscosum, Bl. (not Sw.) — Malay and Philippine Islands. 14. E. muscosum, J. Sm. Acrostichum muscosum, Sw. — West Indies and Tropical America. 15. E. squamosum, J". 8m. Acrostichum squamosum, Sw. A. hirtum, Sw. A. paleaceum, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 235. — Madeira, West Indies and Tropical America. A' 16. 4$, vestitum, E. T. Lowe in Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 235 (A. paleaceum on plate). — Madeira and West Indies. *** Fronds fringed or squamiferous at the margin only. 17. E. apodum, Schott. Acrostichum apodum, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 99.— West Indies. 18. E. undulatum, /. 8m. Acrostichum undulatum, Willd. (Plum. Fil. t. 126).— Dominica. 19. E. scolopendrifolium, J. Sm. Acrostichum scolopen- drifolium, Eadd. Fil. Bras. 1. 16. — Brazil. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED PEENS. 107 ** Veins combined at the margin. 30. ACOETIOPTERXS, Presl. Vernation uniserial ; sarmentum short, thick, squamose. Fronds contiguous, elliptical, lanceolate, 6—12 inches long, smooth or squa- miferous. Veins simple or forked, parallel, their apices combined near the margin by a straight or zig-zag vein. Fertile frond linear, plane, wholly sporangiferous on the under Genus 30. — Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 2. 1. A. nervosa, J. 8m. Acrostichum nervosum, Bory. Aconiopteris subdiaphana, Presl. Pterid.; Hook, et Bauer. Gen. Fil. t. 79 B. Acrostichum subdiaphanum, HooJc. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 205.— St. Helena and Bourbon. 2. A. longifolia, Fee, Acrost. t. 41. Acrostichum longifolium, Jacq. (Plum. Fil. t. 135). Elaphoglossum longi- folium, /. 8m. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1857. Olfersia longifolia, Presl. — Dominica. *** Veins reticulated, uniform. 31. HYMENODITJM, Fee. Vernation fasciculate, decumbent, densely crinite. Fronds Genus 31.— Portion of frond, under side. No. 1. 108 PERNS I BEITISH AND FOREIGN. simple, entire, squamiferous. 6-8 inches long. Ferns uniform, reticulated ; areoles large, elongated, trapezoid or hexagonoid. Fertile fronds broad, densely sporangiferous on the under side. 1. H. crinitum, Fee. Acrostichum crinitum, Sw. Plum. Fil. t. 125 ; Hook, et G-rev. Ic. Fil. t. 1 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 6. Dictyoglossum crinitum, J. Sm. Cat. Kew Ferns, 1846.— "West Indies. 32. ANETIUM, Kimze. Vernation uniserial ; sarmentum slender, furnished with thin membranous reticulated shining lanceolate scales. Fronds distant, simple, oblong-elliptical, acuminate, 6-20 or more inches long, smooth, membraneous. Veins uniform, reticulated, Genus 32.— Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 1. forming trapezoid or hexagonal transverse elongated areoles. Receptacles undefined, the sporangia being thinly scattered or collected in small irregular groups over the whole under surface of the frond, or evident on the veins. 1. A. citrifolium, Splitg. Acrostichium citrifolium, Linn. Plum. Fil. t. 116. Antrophyum citrifolium, Fee. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FEKNS. 109 Hemionitis citrifolia, Hook. Sp. Fit. — West Indies and Tropical America. 2. Polybotryce. Vernation generally uniserial, distant or contiguous. Fronds pinnate or ti-tripinnate, rarely flabellate, segments adherent or articulate with the rachis. Veins free or combined at the margin, or anastomosing in various ways. f Segments adherent. 33. RHIPIDOPTEEIS, Schott. Vernation uniserial; sarmentnm slender, filiform. Fronds distant, 3-6 inches long, the sterile nabelliform, entire, bi-tri- Genus 33.— Fertile and barren fronds. No. l. lobed or dichotomously multifid. Veins flabellately forked, free. Fertile frond subrotund, entire or bilobed, sporangiferous on the under side. 110 TEENS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 1. B. peltata, Scliott. Acrostichmn peltatum, Sclik.Fil.t. 12 (Plum. Fil. t. 50, f.'A). Acrostichmn fceniculaceum, Hook, et Ch-ev. Ic. FIL t. 119.— West Indies and Tropical America. 34. MICBOSTAPHYLA, Presl. Vernation decumbent, sub fasciculate ; sarmentum short, squamose. Fronds numerous, contiguous, 3-8 inches high, the sterile linear-lanceolate, sub-entire, unequally crenate or laci- niately pinnatifid, glandulose, segments and lacinias cuneiform, Genus 34. — Portion of fertile and barren fronds, natural size. No. 1. entire or bi-trilobed. Veins simple or forked. Fertile fronds contracted, shorter and less divided than the sterile, sporan- giferous on the under side. 1. M. bifurcata, Presl. Epim, Acrostichum bifurcatum, 8w. ; Hook. 2nd Cent, of Ferns, t. 91 ; SchJc. Fil t. 2.— St. Helena. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FEENS. Ill 35. EGENOLFIA, Schott. Fee. Vernation decumbent, uniserial, subhypogeous. Fronds con- tiguous, stipate, pinnate, 1-3 feet high, generally viviparous, sterile pinnas linear-lanceolate, sub-entire or dentate, laciniated Genus 35. — Fertile and barren fronds. No. 1. or pinnatifid, sinus mucronate. Veins forked or pinnate; venules free. Fertile segments more or less contracted ; venules evident, contiguous, foiling a concrete amorphous receptacle, sometimes forming moniliform spikes. 1. E. appendiculata, /. 8m. Acrostichum appendiculatum, Willd. ; Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 108. Acrostichum vivi- parium, 8w. Polybotrya viviparia, Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 107. Acrostichum setosum, Wall. Acrostichum Hamiltoniana, Wall. Egenolfia Hamiltoniana, Schott. Gen. Fil. 34. — East Indies and Ceylon. 112 PERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 36. PSOMIOCAKPA, Preslin part. Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds stipate, deltoid, sub- bipinnate, the sterile 6-8 inches high, pilose, with articulated hairs ; pinnae 3-4 inches long ; pinnules sessile, decurrent, Genus 3<>. — Portion of fertile and barren fronds. No. 1. oblong elliptical, |-| inch long, unequally dentate or sub- laciniated. Veins forked ; venules free. Fertile frond 14-18 inches high, long, stipate, slender, wholly contracted, forming a sporangiferous panicle. P. apiifolia, Presl. Epim. Bot. Polybotrya apiifolia, J". 8m. En. Fil. Philipp. ; Kunze, in Sclilt. Fil t. 62 ; Gard. and Field Sert. t. 30, 31 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, 248 — Luzon. 37. POLYBOTRYA, Humb. et Sonpl. Vernation uniserial ; sarmentum scandent, squamose. Fronds bi-tripinnate, 2-3 feet long. Veins pinnate ; venules free. Fertile segments convolute, pinnatifid or spiceeform, wholly sporangiferous. 1. P. osmundacea, Humb. et Sonpl. Nov. Gen. 1, t. 2 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 78 E. P. cylindrica, Kaulf. ; Fee, Acrost. t. 36. Polybotrya speciosa, Schott. Gen. Fil. t. 7. — Tropical America. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 113 2. P. acuminata, Link; Metten.Fil Sort. Lip. t. 2,/. 1-6.— Brazil. Genus 37. — Portion of fertile and barren fronds. No. 1. 3. P. incisa, Link ; Fee, Acrost. t. 35. — Brazil. 4. P. caudata, Kunze ; Fee, Acrost. t. 34. — West Indies and Tropical America. ff Segments articulated with the rachis. 38. LOMABIOPSIS, Fee. Vernation uniserial ; sarmentum scandent, squamose. Fronds pinnate, 1—3 feet high ; pinnae linear-elliptical, broad, lanceo- late, acuminate, 2-10 inches long, articulate with the rachis. I 114 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Veins uniform, simple or forked, direct, parallel, free. Fertile J Genus 38.— Portions of fertile and barren fronds, natural size, and portion of fertile, enlarged. No. 2. pinnae plane, often broad, sporangiferous on the under side ; margin membranous, narrow, subindusiform. 1. L. sorbifolia, Fee. Acrostichum sorbifolium, Linn. ; (Plum. Fit. 1. 117). Stenochlsena sorbifolia, J. 8m. Gen. Fil— West Indies. 2. L. longifolia, J. 8m. Lomaria longifolia, Kaulf. Loive's New Ferns, t. 37. Acrostichum Yapurense, Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 57. Acrostichum phlebodes, Kunze ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 5,_p. 24, sub Acrostichum sorbifolium. — West Indies and Tropical America. 3. L. heteromorpha, /. 8m. Stenochlsena heteromorpha, /. Sm. Gen. Fil. 1841. Lomaria filiformis, A. Cunn. Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t. 149. Lomaria propinqua, A. Cunn. — New Zealand. ** Veins combined at the margin. 39. OLFERSIA, Eadd.; Pfesl. Vernation uniserial, contiguous ; sarmentum scandent, squa- rnose. Fronds pinnate, 1-3 feet long. Veins uniform, simple AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 115 or forked, direct, parallel, their apices combined by a transverse Genus 39.— Portion of the barren pinna, under side. No. 1. marginal vein. Fertile pinnce linear or pinnatifid, convolute, wholly sporangiferous. 1. O. cervina, Presl ; Hook. Fit. Exot. t. 43 ; Lowe's Ferns, 7, tt. 39, 40. Acrostichum cervinum, Sw. ; Plum. Fil. : t. 154; Hook, et Greo.Ic.FU. t. 81. O. Corcovadensis, Eadd. Fil Bras. t. 14; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 79 A. Acrostichum linearifolium, Presl. — Tropical America. * Veins angularly or compoundly anastomosing. 40. SOBOMANES, Fee. Vernation uniserial ; sarmentum thick, scandent, squamose. Genus 40.— Portions of fertile and barren fronds. No. 1. I 2 116 FERNS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN. Sterile fronds pinnate, 1-2 feet long. Veins pinnate ; venules acutely anastomosing, forming oblique elongated areoles ; apices next the margin free and clavafce. Fertile fronds bipin- nate ; segments convolute, wholly sporangiferous. 1. S. serratifolium, Fee, Acrost. t. 43. Polybotrya serra- tifolia, Klotzsch. — Venezuela. 41. STENOSEMIA, Presl Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds ternately pinnate, 6-18 inches high ; pinnae laciniately lobed, bulbiferous. Veins pin- nate ; the lower venules transversely anastomosing, forming Genus 41.— Portion of mature frond, upper side. No. 1. elongated costal and sub-costal areoles, the superior venules free. Fertile segments linear, rachiform, convolute, nearly wholly sporangiferous. 1. S. aurita, Presl. Acrostichum auritum, Sw. ; Lowe's Ferns, 7, tt. 52, 53. Polybotrya aurita, Bl Fl Jew. t. 1 ; HooJc. Fil Exot. t. 81.— Java. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 117 42. PCECILOPTEBJS, EscTm.; Presl V&rnation uniserial, distant or contiguous, subfasciculate and decumbent. Fronds pinnate, 1-3 feet long, often bulbiferous. Primary veins costaeform, pinnate ; venules arcuately or angu- Genus 42. — Portion of barren frond. No. 3. larly anastomosing, producing on their exterior sides or angles one or more free or anastomosing veinlets, forming unequal areoles. Sporangia amorphous, or sometimes in defined lines on the venules (Jenkinsia, Hook.). 1. P. flagellifera, /. 8m. Acrostichum flagelliferum, Wall. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 23 ; Blume, Fl. Jav. t. 13.— East Indies. 2. P. crispatula, J. 8m. Acrostichum crispatulum, Watt.— East Indies. 3. P. prolifera, J. 8m. Acrostichum proliferum, Blume; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 681, 2. Heteroneuron proliferum, Fee, Acrost. t. 55. Acrostichum virens, Wall. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 221.— East Indies. 4. P. punctulata, Presl. Acrostichum punctulatum, Linn. Heteroneuron punctulatum, Fee, Acrost. t. 54. — Mauritius and West Tropical Africa. 118 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 43. GYMNOPTEBJS, Bernli. ; Presl. Vernation uniserial and sarmentose, or contiguous sub- fasciculate and decumbent. Fronds simple, lobed or pinnate, Genus 43.— Portion of sterile frond, under side. No. 2. from 6 inches to 2—3 feet high. Primary veins costaeform ; venules compound anastomosing, with free variously directed veinlets terminating in the areoles. Sporangia amorphous. 1. G. quercifolia, Bernh.; Presl; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 905; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 80. Acrostichum quercifolium, Retz. ; Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 3. Gymnopteris ]STicnerii, Hort. — Ceylon. 2. G. nicotiangefolia, Presl ; Fee, Acrost. t. 46. Acrostichum nicotiansefolium, Sw. ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 26. — West Indies. 3. G. acuminata, Presl. Acrostichum acuminatum, Willd. ; (Plum. Fil. 1. 115).— West Indies. 4. G. aliena, Presl; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 85. Acrostichum alienum, Sw. ; Plwm. Fil. 1. 10. — Tropical America. 5. G. Gaboonense, /. 8m. Acrostichum (Gymnopteris) Gaboonense, Hook. 8p. Fil. 5, p. 270. — Tropical West Africa. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 119 § 3. Aorosticlice. Vernation fasciculate. Fronds pinnate, 4_g feet high ; pinnae, adherent. Veins uniform, reticulated ; areoles small subquadr angular, or large hexagonoid. 44. NEUROCALLIS, Fee. Vernation fasciculate, decumbent. Fronds pinnate, 3-4 feet high, smooth ; sterile pinnae elliptical-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, 8-10 inches long, 2 inches wide, sessile, adherent with Genus 44. — Portions of fertile and barren fronds. No. 1. the rachis. Veins uniform, reticulated ; areoles oblong, hexa- gonoid. Fertile fronds contracted ; pinnae linear, acuminate, plane, wholly sporangiferous on the under side ; sporangia destitute of indusoid scales. 1. N. prsestantissima, Fee, Acrost. t. 52 ; Fee, Gen. Fil. t. 4 A. Acrostichum praestantissimum, Bory, Hb. ; Hook. Garcl. Ferns, t. 58. — Dominica and Guadeloupe. 45. AGHOSTICHUM, Linn, (in part) ; J. 8m. Vernation fasciculate, erect, caudiciform. Fronds pinnate, smooth, 2-8 feet high ; pinnae entire, broad, the upper densely sporangiferous on their under side. Veins uniform, reticu- 120 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. lated, forming numerous elongated subquadrangular parallel areoles. Genus 45. — Pinna of barren frond. No. 1. 1. A. aureum, Linn.; 8w. ; Plum. Fil O04 ; SM. Fit. 1. 1 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. SI A; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 42. Chry- sodium aureum, Fee. Acrostichum fraxinifolium, .B. Br. Acrostichum marginatum, ScJik. Fil. t. 3 B. — Tropics and sub-Tropics of both spheres, generally in swamps. §4. Platycerce. Rhizome obsolete; sterile frond sessile, de- pressed, conchiform ; fertile fronds stipate, repeatedly forked ; segments broad. Veins compound anastomosing. 46. PLATYCERIUM, Desv.; Bl. Vernation articulate, rhizome obsolete. Sterile fronds sessile, oblique reniform, depressed or elongated and subascending, alternately overlapping each other, forming an epiphytal spongy conchiform mass, often 1-2 feet in diameter. Fertile fronds stipitate, rising from the sinus of the sterile, once or many times dichotomously forked, 2-6 feet in length ; segments broad, obtuse, densely covered with stellated scales, coriaceous. Veins internal, compound anastomosing. Receptacle amorphous, AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FEENS. 121 occupying more or less of the under side of the segments, or on a sessile or petiolate lobe. Genus 40. — Portion of manure frond, under side. No. 1. 1. P. alcicorne, Gaud. ; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 63. Acrostichum alcicorne, '8w. ; Sot. Reg. t. 262-3. — East Indies, Malayan Archipelago, and Australia. 2. P. Stemaria, Desv. Acrostichum Stemaria, Beawv. Platy- cerium .ZEthiopicum, Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 9. — West Africa. 3. P. grande, /. 8m. ; Hook. Fil Exot. t. 86. Acrostichum grande, A. Cunn.; Hook, et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 80 B. — Malayan Archipelago and Australia. biforme, Blume, Fl. Jav. 1. 18. Acrostichum fuciforme, Wall. — Malacca and Java. 4. P. 5. P. Wallichii, Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 97.— Malacca. 122 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. TRIBE V.— GRAMMITIDEJE. Sori linear, sometimes only oval or oblong, oblique or trans- verse, marginal or costal, or more or less complete, reticulated, naked. * Veins free. § 1. Grammitece. Fronds linear, entire or rarely forked, generally smooth. 47. GRAMMITIS, Sw. in part. Vernation fasciculate, or uniserial and sarmentose, becoming csespitose. Fronds linear-lanceolate, entire, rarely subpinnatifid, plane, opaque, smooth or pilose, 6-10 inches high. Veins simple Genus 47.— Portion of frond, natural size; ditto, enlarged. or forked, generally clavate, free ; the anterior venule fertile. Receptacles elongated, medial-terminal. Sori ovate, oblong or linear oblique, sometimes punctiform transverse-uniserial. 1. G. marginella, Sw. Syn. Fil. Sclik. Fil. t. 7. Polypodium marginellum, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. — St. Helena. 2. G. Australis, E. Br. Grammitis Billardieri, Willd.; Kunze, Anal. t. 9,/. 2.— New South Wales. 48. XIPHOPTERIS, KaulJ. Vernation contiguous, sub-fasciculate ; sarmentum slender, sub-erect. Fronds 2—6 inches high, linear, dentate -serrate or AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FEKNS. 123 pinnatifid below, sub-entire, and plicate or nearly plane above. Veins simple, free, very short. Receptacles costal or medial, Genus 48.— Plant natural size, and portion of frond enlarged. No. 1 . elongated. Sori oblong, confluent, mostly contiguous to and parallel with the midrib, confined to the upper part of the frond. 1. X. serrulata, Kaulf.; Fee, Gen. Fil. t. 10 B ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 44 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 42 A. Grammitis serrulata, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 7 ; Hook. Exot. Fil. t 78. Polypodium serrulatum, Metten. — West Indies and Tropical America. § 2. Gymnogrammece. Fronds pinnate or H-tripinnatifid or decompound, smooth, or generally pilose, tomentose, or farinose. 49. LEPTOG-RAMMA, J.Sm. Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. Fronds bipinna- tifid, 1-3 feet high. Veins of laciniae pinnate ; venules free. Receptacles medial, elongated. Sori oblong or linear, naked. Sporangia in some species pilose. 124 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Genus 49.— Portion of fertile frond. 1. L. totta, /. 8m. Gen. Fil. Polypodium tottum, Willd. Gym- nogramma totta, ScUecM. ; Bl. Fl. Jew. t. 38. Gram- mitis totta, Presl. Gymnogramma Lowei, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 89. — South Africa and Madeira. 2. L. asplenioides, J. 8m. Gymnogramma asplenioides, 8w. ; Kaulf. Gymnogramma aspidioides, Kaulf. Ceterach aspidioides, Willd. ; Badd. Fil. Bras. t. 21, /. 1. Phegopteris aspidioides, Metten. Fil. Hort. Lip. t. 17, f. 1.— Tropical America. 3. L. Linkiana, /. 8m. Gymnogramma Linkiana, Kunze ; Fee. Grammitis Linkiana, Presl. — Brazil. 4. L. rupestris, J. 8m. Gymnogramma rupestris, Kunze. Phegopteris rupestris, Metten.— Tropical America. 5. L. gracile, /. 8m. Gymnogramma gracilis, Hew. in Mag. Nat. Hist. (1838). Grammitis Hewardii, Moore. Leptogramma attenuata, J. 8m. En. Fil. Hort. Kew. (1856). — Jamaica. 6. L. villosa, /. 8m. Gymnogramma villosa, Link ; Lowe's Ferns, 1, *. 11. — Tropical America. 7. L. polypodioides, J". 8m. Ceterach polypodioides, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 22. Gymnogramma polypodioides, Spreng. Gymnogramma Eaddiana, Link. — Brazil. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FEKNS. 125 50. GYM WO GRAMMA, Desv. Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds pinnate, bipinnatifid, or multifid, rarely simple, smooth, villose, or farinose, from a Genus 50.— Portion of mature frond, upper side. few inches to 2-3 feet high. Veins forked ; venules free. Re- ceptacles medial, elongated. Sori linear, simple, or forked, often becoming confluent, naked. § 1. Neurogramma. Fronds pinnate or Upinnate, villose. 1. G. rufa, Desv. ; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 6 A. Hemonitis rufa, Sw. ; SM. Fil. tt. 17, 21.— Tropical America. 2. G. tomentosa, Desv. ; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 6 B ; Hook. Fil Exot. t. 13. Hemionitis tomentosa, Radd. Fil Bras, t. 19.— Tropical America. § 2. Trismeria. Fronds pinnate; pinnce U-trifoliate ; seg- ments linear, covered with wliite or yellow farina. 3. G. trifoliata, Desv. ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, I 4 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 31. Acrostichum trifoliatum, Linn. ; (Plum. Fil t. 144 ;) Sclik. Fil. tt. 3 et 22. Trismeria argentea et aurea, Fee, Gen. Fil t. 14 A. — West Indies and Tropical America. § 3. Ceropteris. Fronds li-tripinnatifid or multifid, covered with waxy farina on the under side. 4. G. Calomelanos, Kaulf.; Hook. Gen. Fill 37 -, HooTc.Gard. Ferns, t. 50. Acrostichum Calomelanos, Linn.; Plum. Fil t. 40 ; Sc~hk. Fil. t. 5; Lang, et Fisch. Ic. Fil t. 3 — Tropical America. 5. G. Tartarea, Desv. Acrostichum Tartareum, Sw. — Tropical America. 126 FEBNS :• BRITISH AND FOEEIGN, 6. G. ochracea, Presl.— Tropical America. 7. G. L'Herminieri, Bory (accord, to Link). — Guadeloupe. (Link.) 8. G. chrysophylla, Kaulf. Acrostichum chrysophyllum, Sw.; Plum. Fil. t. 41.— West Indies. 9. G. Martensii, Bory (accord, to Link). (Hybrid, J". 8m.) 10. G. sulphurea, Desv. Acrostichum sulphureum, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 4. Var. Wettenhalliana, Moore, in Gard. Chron. 1861, p. 934.— West Indies. 11. G. pulchella, Linden's Cat. ; Moore, in Gard. Chron. 1856 ; Hook. Fil.Exot. t. 74 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 5.— Venezuela. 12. G. Peruviana, Desv.; Kunze, Fil. t. 32. Var. Argyro- phylla, Moore, in Gard. Clvron. 1856 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 6. Var. dealbata, Moore. Var. laciniata, Moore, Gard. Clwon. 1863. — Tropical America. § 4. Anogratnme. Fronds M-tripinnatifid, smooth. (Annuals.) 13. G. leptophylla, Desv.; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. £.25; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. I ; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 7. Grammitis leptophylla, Sw. Polypodium leptophyllum, Linn.; Schk. Fil. t. 26.— South of Europe, &c. 14. G. chserophylla, Desv. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 45 ; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 8. — Tropical America. 15. G. Pearcii, Moore, in Gard. Chron. 1864, p. 340.— Peru. § 4. Pleurosorus. Fronds pinnatifid or pinnate, piloso- glandulose. 16. G. rutsefolia, Hook, et Grev.,Ic. Fil. t. 90; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 5 ; Hook. Ic. PL t. 935 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 45 A. Gymnogramma subglandulosa, Hook, et Grev. Ic.Fil.t.Qli. Grammitis Hispanica, Goss. Grammitis rutsefolia, E. Br. — Australia and South of Spain. § 5. Eriosorus. Fronds bipinnatifid, lanose-tomentose. 17. G. ferruginea, Kunze. G. lanata, Klotzsch. Var. mon- strosa, Hort. — Tropical America. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED PEENS. 127 51. CONIOGRAMMA, Fee. Vernation contiguous, decumbent, subsarmentose. Fronds pinnate or bipinnate, 2-5 feet high, smooth ; pinna and pin- Genus 51. — Portion of fertile pinna — under side. No. 1. nules broad elliptical-lanceolate, distant, smooth. Veins forked, parallel, free. Receptacles medial, elongated, occupying nearly the whole length of the venules. Sori linear, forked, contiguous, naked. 1. C. Javanica, Fee. Gymnogramma Javanica, Bl. Fl. Jav. t. 41 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 7. — Malayan Archipelago. 52. LLAVEA, Lag. Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds tri-quadripinnate, Genus 52. — Barren pinna. No. 1. Fertile pinni, natural size : ditto, unfolded. No. 1. 128 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 1-2^ feet long, smooth, contracted and fertile above, sterile below; Sterile pinnules oblong, elliptical, oblique sub-cordate, serrulate, 1-1 J inches in length. Veins forked ; venules free. Fertile pinnules linear, 2-3 inches long, revolute, margin con- niving and forming an universal indusium. Sporangia occu- pying nearly the whole length of the contracted venules, forming linear forked confluent sori. 1. L. cordifolia, Lag. ; Hook. Sot. Mag. t. 5159. Cerato- dactylis osmundioides, /. Sm. in Hook, et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 36 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 30. Botryogramma Karwinskii, Fee, Gen. Fil. t. 15 C. Allosorus Kar- winskii, Kunze, Fil. t. 4 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 387-8 — Mexico. Tr. ** Veins anastomosing. § 3. Hemionitece. Fronds simple, pinnate or rarely lipinnate. Sori more or less complete reticulated. 53. DICTYOGRAMMA, Fee. Vernation uniserial, contiguous; sar- mentum short. Fronds pinnate or bipinnate, 1-3 feet high, smooth; pinnae elliptical- lanceolate, 6-10 inches long. Venation sub- uniform, reticulated; areoles unequal, gene- rally elongated, oblique. Receptacles super- ficial. Sori linear, reticulated, naked. 1. D. Japonica, Fee, Gen. Fil. t. 15 A. Hemionitis Japonica, Tliunb. Gym- nogramma Japonica, Hook. Sp. Fil. — 54. HEMIONITIS, Limn. Vernation fasciculate, erect, short. Fronds simple, cordate, palmate orpinnate, smooth or villose. Veins uniform reticulated. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS 129 Sporangia occupying the whole of the vernation, forming reti- culate, often confluent sori. Receptacles medial, elongated. Sori reticulated. Genus 54.— Segment of barren frond, under side. No. 2. L H. cordifolia, Roxb. ; Hook. Fil Exot t. 35 ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 64 ; Hook, et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 74. H. sa- gittata, Fee. — East Indies. 2. H. palmata, Linn. ; Plum. Fil. t. 151 ; Hook. Ex. Fl. t. 33 ; Schott. Gen. Fil. t. 9 ; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 37.— West Indies. 3. H. pedata, Sw. Syn. Fil. t. 1, /. 3. Gymnogramma pedata, Kaulf.— Mexico. Tr. 55. ANTROPHYUM, Kaulf. Vernation uniserial, contiguous ; sarmentum short (unde- fined), squamose. Fronds simple, linear-lanceolate or oblong- elliptical or subrotund, smooth, coriaceous, with or without a defined midrib. Veins uniform, reticulated. Receptacles medial, 130 TEENS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. elongated, immersed, rarely superficial, forming linear, con- tinuous or interrupted reticulated sori. Genus 55.— Outline portion of fertile frond, under side. No. 4. 1. A. lineatum, Kaulf. Polytaenium lineatum, Desv. ; J. Sm. Gen. Fil.; Hook. Gen. Fil t. 107. Yittaria lanceolata, Sw.-; Sdik. Fil. t. 101 B.— West Indies. 2. A. lanceolatum, Kaulf. Hemionitis lanceolata, Linn.; (Plum. Fil. 1. 127,/. c) ; SchJc.Fil. t. 6.— West Indies. 3. A. Cayennense, Kaulf. ; Kunze, Anal. t. 19, /. 2. He- mionitis Cayennensis, Desv. ; Presl. — Tropical America. 4. A. reticulatum, Kaulf. Hemionitis reticulata, Forst. Sclik. Fil. t. 6. — Indian, Malayan, and Pacific Islands. § 4. VittaricB. Fronds simple, linear. Sori transverse, continuous, marginal or anti-marginal. 56. VITTARIA, 8m. Vernation uniserial, contiguous ; sarmentum short, furnished AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED PERNS. 131 with hyaline squamae. Fronds simple, linear, smooth, rigid or flaccid and pendulous, from a few inches to 2-3 feet in length. Veins simple, forming an acute angle with the midrib, their n Genus 56.— Outline portion of frond, natural size ; ditto enlarged. No. 1. apices prolonged into atransverse marginal vein, which becomes the receptacle. Sporangia seated in an extrorse slit of the margin. Sori marginal, linear, continuous. 1. V. zoster gefolia, Bory; Fee, Mem. Fil t. 2,/. 2; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 65 B. — Mauritius. 57. HAPLOPTERIS, Presl Vernation uniserial, contiguous ; sarmentum short, becoming Genus 57.— Portion of frond, slightly enlarged. No. 1. K2 132 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. csespitose. Fronds simple, narrow, linear or lanceolate, 1-2 feet long, smooth. Veins simple, parallel, their apices combined by a transverse intra-marginal vein, which is immersed in a groove, and becomes the receptacle, forming a linear, continuous, inter- marginal, naked sorus. 1. H. scolopendrina, Presl, Tent. Pterid. t. 8, /. 21. Pteris scolopendrina, Bory ; Sw. Tasniopsis scolopendrina, J. 8m. Gen. Fil. 1841. Taeniopteris Forbesii, Hook, et Bauer. Gen. Fil. t. 76 B. Yittaria Zeylanica, Fee, Vittar. 1. 1,/. 3. — Ceylon and Mauritius. 2. H. lineata, J. 8m. Yittaria lineata, Sw. ; Sclik. t. 101 B ; J. 8m. Cat. 1857 ; Loive's Ferns, 2, t. 65 A. Teeniopsis lineata, J. 8m. Gen. Fil. 1841. — Tropical America. 58. PTEROPSIS, Desv. Vernation uniserial, contiguous ; sarmenturn short, ceespitose. Fronds simple, linear, acuminate, 6-18 inches long, rigid, smooth. Veins uniform, reticulated, forming transverse elongated, hexa- gonoid areoles. Receptacles compital, elongated on the exterior, transverse anastomose, forming a linear, continuous, marginal sorus. <5enus 58.— Poition of frond, slightly enlarged. No. ' . AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 133 1. P. angustifolia, Desv. ; Hook, et Bauer. Gen. Fil. t. 77 B. Ta3nitis angustifolia, R. Br. Pteris angustifolia, Sw> ; Willd. Pteris tricuspidata, Linn. ; Plum. FIL 1. 140, var. comosa, /. Sm. — West Indies. 59. DICTYOXIPHIUM, Hook. Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds simple, linear-lanceolate, attenuated and decurrent on the stipes, 1-3 feet long. Veins compound anastomosing. Receptacles compital, elongated, immersed in an extrorse marginal groove, which is indusiform. Sori linear, continuous. 1. D. Panamense, Hook. Gen. Fil t. 62 ; /. 8m. Genns 59._Portion Gen. Fil.; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 69. Lindssea of fertile frond, Panamensis, Mettn. Hook. Fil Exot. m ide* No" K t. 54. — Panama. § 5. Ceratopterice. Fertile fronds contracted ; segments revolute, forming an universal indusium, enclosing the sporangia. 60. CERATOPTERIS, Brongn. Vernation fasciculate, erect (annual). Fronds fragile ; the Genus 60. — Portions of fertile and barren fronds, natural size ; portion of fertile enlarged. No. i. 1 34 FERNS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN. fertile decompound ; segments forked, linear ; margins revolute, membranaceous, conniving, indusiform. Veins transversely elongated, distantly anastomosing. Sporangia occupying the transverse venules, superficial, large, disposed in a simple series, constituting two linear sub-parallel sori. 1. C. thalictroides, Brongn. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 12 ; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 66. Mlobocarpus oleraceus, Kaulf. Par- keria pteridioides, Hook. Ex. Fl.t. 147; Hook.et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 97. Ceratopteris Parkeri, J. Sm. Gen. FiL 1841.-— Tropics. TRIBE YL— PHEGOPTEBIDEJE. Son punctiform, intra-margiaal or rarely on marginal dents, naked or each furnished with a special indusium, which is either peltate or lateral and interiorly attached, rarely calyci- form ; or the margin of contracted fronds revolute, forming an universal indusium ; or the dents of the margin reflexed and indusiform. * Veins anastomosing in various f Sori naked. § 1. Dictyopterice. Primary veins costceform, generally well defined. Sori punctiform or linear, in oblique or transverse rows en" lines, or rarely reticulated between the primary veins, 61. DRYOMENIS, Fee; J. Sm. Vernation uniserial, contiguous or subfasciculate, sub- hypogeous. Fronds simple, pinnatifid or pinnate, smooth, Genus 61.— Portion of frond. No. 1. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 135 l-2£ feet high, submembraneous. Primary veins costseform, transversely combined and compound anastomosing, with free veinlets terminating in areoles. Receptacles punctiform, com- pital. Sori round or by confluence unequal oblong, oblique biserial or irregular, naked. 1. D. plantaginea, /. 8m. Bot. Voy. Herald. Polypodium plantagineum, Linn. ; Jacq, Coll t. 3,/. 1 ; (Plum. Fil 1. 128). Aspidium plantag&nium, Grisb. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. (in fart). Pleopeltis plantaginea, Moore, M.— West Indies. 62. DICTYOPTEBIS, Presl (in part). Vernation fasciculate, decumbent or sub-erect. Fronds coriaceous, deltoid, bipinnatifid or bipinnate, 3-4 feet high ; ultimate segments or pinnules sub-entire or sinuous-pinnatifid. Veins costeeform ; venules and veinlets anastomosing (rarely Genus b2.— Portion of fertile pinna; ditto barren and fertile. No. 1 . few free, excurrent), forming oblique, somewhat elongated areoles, the costal ones transversely elongated. Receptacles medial or compital. Sori round, large, irregular, sometimes crowded near the margin, naked. 1. D. irregularis, Prvsl. Polypodium irregulare, Presl. Eel. Ho&nk. t. 4,/. b.— East Indies, Malayan and Philippine Islands. 136 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 63. MENISCIUM, Schreb. Vernation fasciculate and decumbent, or uniserial and sar- mentose. Fronds pinnate, rarely simple, 1—8 feet high. Pri- mary veins costaeform, pinnate ; each opposite pair of venules Genus 63.— Portion of mature frond. No. 4. angularly or arcuately anastomosing and sporangiferous, pro- ducing from their junction an excurrent, free, sterile veinlet. Receptacles medial, linear, continued across the junction of the venules, forming arcuate, transverse sori. Sporangia in some species pilose. * Fronds simple. 1. M. simplex, Hook. Lond.Journ. Bot. v. 1, t. 11 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 83.— Hong-kong. 2. M. giganteum, Metten.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 163.— Tropical America. ** Fronds pinnate. 3. M. triphyllum, Sw. ; Hook, et Gr&o. Ic. Fil. 1. 120 ; Kunze, Fil. t. 52.— India, Ceylon. 4. M. palustre, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 20 : Hook. Gen. Fil. t, 40 ; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 45. — Brazil. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 5. M. dentatum, Presl— Brazil. 6. M. reticulatum, Sw. ; 8M. Fil t. 5. Polypodium reticu- latum, L.— Tropical America. 64. GONIOPTERIS, Presl. Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. Fronds pinnatifid or pinnate, rarely simple, 1-4 feet high. Primary veins coste- form, pinnate ; venules opposite, the whole or only the lower pair, or more, angularly anastomosing, producing from their Genus 64.— Portion of mature frond. No. 8. junction an excurrent sterile veinlet, which is either free or anastomoses in the angle next above it. Sporangiferous receptacles punctiform, medial (between the base and angular junction of the venules). Sori round, obliquely biserial. Spo- rangia pilose in some species. 1 G scolopendroides, Presl. Polypodium scolopendroides, Sw. ; (Plum. Fil t. 91) ; Hook. Fil Exot. 1. 18. Go- niopteris subpinnata, Hort. — Jamaica. 2. G. gracilis, Moore, in Gard. Cliron. 1856 ; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 9 A. — Jamaica. 3 G. reptans, Presl Polypodium reptans, Sw. ; Sloane's Jam. 2, t. 30. Polypodium compositum, Link.— Jamaica. 138 TEENS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 4. G. asplenoides, Presl Polypodium asplenoides, Sw.; Sloane'sJam. 1, t. 43, /. 2; Lowe's Ferns, I, t.34. Aspidium termmans, Wall. Neplirodium terminans, J. 8m. Cat. Fil. Hort. Kew. 1846.— East Indies. 3. N. venulosum, Hook. % Fil. 5, p. 17.-Feraando Po. ** Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. 4. N. Hookeri, J. 8m. Aspidium Hookeri, Wall; Hook. Ic. PI t. 922.— East Indies. 5. N. gramilosum, J. 8m. Polypodium granulosum Presl. Reliq. Hank. t. 4, /. 2. Aspidium glandulosum, Blume.; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 9. Nephrodmm multi- lineatum, Moore and Houlst. (non Presl).— Philippine Islands, Java. 6 N articulatum, Moore and Houlst. in Gard Mag. ofBot. 1851; /. 8m. Oat. Cult. Ferns, 1857; Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 29.— Ceylon. 140 FEKNS : BRITISH AND FOEEIGN. 7. N. refractum, J. 8m. Polypodium refractum, Fisch. et Meg. ; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 48. Goniopteris refracta, J. 8m. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1857.— Brazil. 8. N. truncatum, /. 8m. Aspidium truncatum, Gaud, in Freycinet's Voy. 1. 10 ; Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 12.— Sand- wich Islands. 9. N. abortivum, J". 8m. Aspidium abortivum, Blume. Aspidium decurtatum, Kunze. — Java. 10. "N. venustum, /. 8m. Aspidium venustum, R. Hew. in Mag. Nat. Hist. 1838, p. 464. — Jamaica. 11. N. molle, E. Sr. ; Scliott, Gen. Fil. t. 14 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 4S^B. Aspidium molle, Sw. ; Sclik. Fil t. 34 B. A. violascens, Link. Var. corymbiferum, Moore, in Gard. Chron. 1856 ; Lowe's Ferns, 7, 1. 13.— Tropics, very general. T. 12. N. patens, /. 8m.— Demerara. 66. MESOCHLJENA, B. Br. Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds 2-4 feet high, bipinna- tifid. Veins costaeform, pinnate ; the lower pair of venules anastomosing, the others free, parallel. Receptacles medial, Genus 66.— Portions of barren and fertile frond, natural size; ditto enlarged. No. l . elongated. Sori oblong-linear. Indusium ' hippocrepiform, attached longitudinally on the centre of the receptacle, h aving sporangia in its axis on each side, its margin free. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FEENS. 1 M Javanica, E. Sr. in Horsf. Fl Jav. ; Loive's Ferns, 7, t. 15. NephwK&wn Javanica, Hook. Fil Exot. t. 62. SnhEerostephanos asplenioides, /. 8m. in Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 24 ; Kunze, Fil t. 10, 11. -Singapore and Java. 67. CYCLO DIUM, Presl Vernation fasciculate, subdecumbent. Fronds pinnate, 2-3 feethio-h- sterile pinnse broad-elliptical, linear-lanceolate. Veins pimply forked; venules acutely anastomosing, producing from their angular junctions an excurrent free or anastomosing Genus 67.-Portion of barren and fertile frond. veinlet; fertile pirm* contracted, linear-lanceolate. uniform, reticulated. Receptacles medial, punctiform. round, confluent, and occupying the whole under surface. Indusiwm orbicular. 1. C. confertum, Presl. Aspidium confertum, Kaulf ; Hook et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 121; Hook. G™: /& *'\B: J. 8m. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1857. Aspidium Hooken, £7. — Guiana, Bahia. 68 CYBTOMITJM, Presl Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds 1-3 M^ste^ pinn* elliptical-lanceolate, 6-8 inches long, 1-4 wide, falcate more or less, auriculate at the base, the margin sub-entire or spinulose. Veins two or three times forked, or pinnate ; venules 142 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. alternate, the lower exterior branch free, the others acutely anastomosing, producing from their junctions free or anasto- mosing veinlets. Receptacles punctiform on or below their Genus 68. -Portion of mature frond, under side. apices or points of junction of the venules. Sori round, transversely uniserial, or numerous and oblique-serial. Indu- siwm orbicular. 1. C. falcatum, Presl. Polypodium falcatum, Linn. ; Thurib. Fl. Jap. t. 36. Aspidium falcatum, 8w. ; Lang, et Fisch. t. 15 ; Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 9 ; Hook. Fil Exot. t. 92. — Japan, China. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 143 2. C. caryotideum, Presl ; Hook. Gen. Fit. t. 49 C. Aspidium caryotideum, Wall; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 69; Hook. Gard. Ferns, 1. 13. Aspidium anomophyllum, Zenk. PI. Nilgli. t. 1.— East Indies and Natal. T. 3. C. juglandifolium, Moore. Polypodium juglandifolium, Humb. Amblia jug- landifolia, Presl ; Fee, Gen. Fil. t. 22 B, f. 1. Phanerophlebia jug- I landifblia, J. 8m. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 49 A. Aspidium juglandifolium, | Kunze ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 22, ft 6_7. — Tropical America. 69. FADYENIA, Hook. Vernation fasciculate, erect, caudex undefined. Fronds simple, entire, 5-6 inches long; the sterile lanceolate, attenuated and proliferous at the apex ; the fertile linear, ligulate, obtuse, erect. Veins forked ; venules acutely anasto- mosing; the lower exterior venule of each fascicle free, and sporangiferous on its apex. Receptacles punctiform. Sori round, trans- versely uniserial. Indusium reniform, sub- oblong, hippocrepiform. 1. P. prolifera, Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 53 B ; Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 2. Aspidium proliferum, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. Genus 69. -Fertile TT -i TTT T-T 0/3 frond, under side. t. 96 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 36.— NO. i. Jamaica. 70. ASPIDIUM, Sw. (in part); Sclwtt. Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds 1-4 feet high, entire, lobed, pinnate, bipinnatifid or bipinnate; ultimate segments generally broad. Primary veins costeeform ; venules simply or compoundly anastomosing. Receptacles compital, or on the 144 FEKNS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN. apex of free veinlets terminating in the areoles. Sori round. Indusiwm orbicular or reniform. Genus 70.— Pinna of mature frond, under side. No. 3. * Fronds cordate, lobed, or trifoliate. 1. A. Plumieri, Presl, Bel. Hcerik. (excl. syn. Poly podium angulatum, Willd.). Polypodium trifoliatum, Linn. Sp. PI (not of Linn. Herb.) ; Plum. Fil t. 148.— Martinique and Dominica. 2. A. Pica, Desv. Polypodium .Pica, Linn. Sagenia Pica, Moore. Aspidium ebenum, J". Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1857. Bathmium ebenum, Fee. — Mauritius. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 145 3. A. trifoliatum, 8w. ; Sclik: Fil. t. 28 ; Rook. Gen. Fil. t. 33 ; Schott, Gen. Fil. cum Ic. ; Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 29. Polypodium trifoliatum, Linn, fide specimen in Linn. Herb. ; Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 638. Bathmium trifoliatum, Link. Aspidium heracleifolium, Willd. (Plum. Fil. 1. 147). — Tropical America. ** Fronds pinnate or subpinnatifid ; pinnae entire or lobed. 4. A. macrophyllum, Sw. (Plum. Fil. t. 145) ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 22, /. 13 ; Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 46. Car- diochltjena macrophylla, Fee. Bathmium macro- phyllum, Link. — Tropical America. 5. A. repandum, Willd. Bathmium repandum, Fee. Sagenia repanda, Moore. Sagenia platyphylla, J. Sm. En. Fil. Phil. Aspidium platyphyllum, Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 21. — Malayan Islands. 6. A. latifolium, J. Sm. Enum. Fil. Phil. Polypodium. latifolium, Forst. ; Schk. Fil. t. 24. Aspidium me- lanocaulon, Blume ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 53. Aspidium nigripes, Hort. — Malayan and Pacific Islands. 7. A. coadunatum, Wall; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 202 Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips, t, 22, /. 3-4 ; Lowe's Ferns 6, t. 50. Sagenia coadunata, /. Sm. Gen. Fil. — East Indies. 8. A. cicutarium, Sw. Polypodium cicutarium, Linn, fide specimen Linn. Herb. Sagenia cicutaria, Moore, Ind. I Aspidium Hippocrepis, Sw. (Plum. Fil. 1. 150). Poly- podium Hippocrepis, Jacq. Ic. rar. t. 641. Sagenia Hippocrepis, Presl ; Hook, et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 53 A. — Jamaica. 9. A. apiifolium, Schk. Fil. t. 56 B. Sagenia apiifolia, J. Sm Microbrochis apiifolia, Presl. Aspidium sinuatum Gaud.; Labill. Sert. Aust. Gated, t. 1. Bathmium Billardieri, Fee. — Sandwich^ Islands and New- Caledonia. 10. A. dilaceratum, Kunze, in part ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips t. 22, f. 14, 16,— Jamaica. 11. A. sub trip hy Hum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 52. Polypodium subtriphyllum, Hook, et Arn. Bot. of Beech. Voy t. 50. — China, Hong-kong, Ceylon. 12. A. variolosum, Wall. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 51. — India. L 146 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 13. A. giganteum, Blume ; Hook. Sp. Fil 4, p. 50. Var. /J minor, Thwaites, Enum. PL Zeyln. p. 390. — Ceylon. *** Fronds pinnatifid or pinnate ; the segments sessile, decurrent. 14. A. Pteropus, Kunze; Hook. Sp. Fil 4, p. 47. Aspidium decurrens, /. 8m. Cat. 1857. — Ceylon. 71. PLEOCNEMIA, Presl Vernation fasciculate, erect, caudex arborescent. Fronds bi-tripinnatifid, 4-6 feet long. Veins of lacinise costaeform ; venules forked, the lower ones arcuately and angularly anasto- Genus 71.— Portions of barren and fertile pinnae. No. 1. mosing, forming unequal areoles next the costa, the upper ones free. Receptacles medial on the free or anastomosed venules, punctiform. Sori round. Indusium reniform. 1. P. Leuzeana, Presl; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 97. Polypodium Leuzeanum, Gaud, in Frey. Voy. i, 6. Nephrodium Leuzeanum, Hook. — Philippine and Fiji Islands. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 147 &. Indusium calyciform. 72. HYPODEBBIS, E. Br. Vernation uniserial, subsarmentose. Fronds simple, entire or trilobed, 1-2 feet long. Primary veins costaeform ; venules compound anastomosing. Receptacles punctiform, compital, Genus 72.— Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 1. included within a calyciform, obscure, membranous indusium. Sori round, irregular or oblique, biserial between the primary veins. 1. H. Brownii, /. 8m. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 1 ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 24; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 14. Woodsia Brownii, Metten.— Trinidad and Guiana. 73. TBICHIOCARPA, Hook. Vernation fasciculate, decumbent. Fronds bi-tripinnatifid, Genus 73.— Portion of pinna, fertile frond, under side. No. L 2 148 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. deltoid, 6-18 inches high ; pinnae distant, pinnate below, pin- iiatifid decurrent above; pinnules lanceolate, pinnatifid or sinuose lobed. Veins uniform, reticulated ; areoles transverse oblong ; marginal veinlets free, exserted beyond the margin, bearing a globose pediculate sorus. Indusium calyciform, spreading, entire. 1. T. Moorei, J. 8m. ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 37. Deparia Moorei, Hook. Journ. Bot. and Keiv Gard. Misc. v. 4, t. 3; Hook. Fil Exot. t. 28. Cionidium Moorei, Moore, Ind. — New Caledonia. ** Veins free. ")• Sori indusiate. § 3. Oreopterice. Sori punctiform. Indusium orbicular or reniform, plane or cucullate, rarely calyciform. a. Indusium orbicular or reniform. 74. POLYSTICHUM, Roth (in part) ; Schott; Presl. Vernation fasciculate and erect, or uniserial and subsar- mentose. Fronds pinnate, bi-tripinnate, or decompound ; pinnag Genus 74.— Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 1. and pinnules auriculated and lobed, dentate, rigid, spinulose, mucronate. Veins simply or pinnately forked ; venules free, the lower exterior branch or more (of each fascicle) soriferous on, or AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED PEENS. 149 generally below its apex. Receptacles punctiform. 8ori round. Indusium orbicular or subreniform. § 1. Vernation fasciculate, caudex erect. (Polystichum verum.) * Fronds pinnate. 1. P. acrostichoides, Schott. Aspidium acrostichoides, Sw.; Loive's Ferns, 6, t. 19. Aspidium auriculatum, Sclik. Fil. t. 30.— North America. '2. P. falcinellum, Presl. Aspidium falci- nellum, Sw.; Lowe's Ferns, 6, t.7. Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 53. — Madeira. 3. P. mucronatum, Presl. Aspidium mucronatum, 8w. ; Schk. FiL t. 29 B, C; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, t. 216. — Jamaica. 4. P. Lonchitis, Eotii; Sc]iott,Gen.Fil.t9; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t 9 ; Sowerby's Ferns, 1. 15. Poly- podium Lonchitis, Linn.; Eng. Bot. t. 797. Aspidium Lonchitis, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 29 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 9. — Europe, Britain. 5. P. trianguluxn, Fee. Polypodium triangulum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 72). Aspidium triangulum, Sw.; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 33. Aspidium trapezoides, flf«,. As- pidium mucronatum, Lowe s Ferns, 6, t. 31 B (non Sw.). Var. laxum, Lowe's New Ferns, p. 143. - West Indies. 6. P. obliquum, /. 8m. Aspidium obliquum, Don. Aspidium csespitosum, Wall. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, t. 213.— Nepal, Japan. ** Fronds bipinnate. 7. P. aculeatum, Roth; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, 1. 10 ; Sowerty's Ferns, 1. 17. Polystichum aculeatum, side. No. 1 1 . 150 PERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. j3 intermedium, Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 11. Polypodium aculeatum, Linn. Aspidium aculeatum, Sw. ; ScJik. Fil. t. 39 ; Eng. Bot. 1562. Var. lobatum, Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 11. Polypodium lobatum, Huds. Aspidium lobatum, Sw.; ScTik. Fil. £.40. Polystichum lobatum, Presl ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 48 C ; Sowerby's Ferns, 1. 16. Aspidium aculeatum, et A. lobatum, Hook. Brit. Ferns, £.10. Var. angulare. Aspidium angulare, Willd. ; Eng. Bot. t. 2776. Polystichum angulare, Presl; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, 12 A ; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 18. Aspidium aculeatum, Hook. Var. angulare, Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 12. Aspidium Braunii, Spenn. Polystichum Braunii, Fee. Var. argutum, Moore; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 10 B. Var. alatum, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, 1. 10 G. Var. hastulatum, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t.IZB. Var. irregulare, Moore; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 12 G. Var. biserratum, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 12 D. Var. imbricatum, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 12 E. Var. sub-tripinnatum, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 13 A. Var. tripinnatum, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 13 B ; Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 24. Var. proliferum, Wollast ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 13 G. Var. cristatum, Moore, Lowe's New Ferns, 1, £.27. Var. aristatum, Wollast ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 56. Var. acro-cladoii, Moore, Proc. Hort. Soc. 4, p. 136. — Temperate Regions of the Northern Hemisphere. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FEENS. 151 & P. squarrosum, Fee. Aspidium squarrosum,, Don. Aspidium rufo-barbatum, Wall. — East Indies. 9. P. anomalum, J. Sm. Polypodium anomalum, Hook, et Am. ; Hook. Kew Gard. Misc. 8, t. 9. — Ceylon. 10. P. obtusum, J. 8m. Aspidium obtusum, Kunze ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, t. 221.— Philippine Islands. 11. P. proliferum, Presl. Aspidium proliferum, E ~Br. — Tasmania. 12. P. vestitum, Presl. Polypodium vestitum, Forst. Aspi- dium vestitum, 8w. ; ScHk. Fil. t. 43 ; Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 38.— New Zealand. 13. P. pungens, Presl. Aspidium pungens, Kaulf. ; Schlecht. Fil t. 10.— South Africa. § 2. Vernation uniserial, sarmentose. Fronds deltoid, tri-quadripinnate (Tectaria, Cav.). 14. P. coriaceum, Schott. Aspidium coriaceum, Sw. (excL syn. Forst.) ; Sclik. Fil. t. 50. — West Indies. 15. P. Capense, /. 8m. Aspidium Capense, Willd. (in part).— South Africa. 16. P. flexum, Eemy. Aspidium flexum, Kunze. Aspidium coriaceum, Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 26. Aspidium Ber- ' teroanum, Col. PI. GUI. t 70; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, t. 229.— Chili, Juan Fernandez. 17. P. amplissimum, Presl. Aspidium amplissimum, Metten. Aspidium fallax, Fisch. MSS. Lastrea fallax, Moore. — Brazil. 18. P. frondosum, J. 8m. Aspidium frondosum, B. T. Lowe. Nephrodium leete-virens, B. T. Lowe. — Madeira. 19. P. aristatum, Presl. Polypodium aristatum, Forst. Aspidium aristatum, 8w.; Sclik. Fil. t. 42. A. curvifolium, Kunze. Polystichum curvifolium, Hort. — Norfolk Island. 20. P. coniifolium, Presl. Aspidium coniifolium, Wall. — East Indies and Ceylon. 21. P. denticulatum, J". 8m. Aspidium denticulatum, Sw. ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 59. — Jamaica. 152 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 22. P. amabile, /. Sm. Aspidium amabile, Blume ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, t. 225. Aspidium rhomboideum, Wall. Polystichum rhomboideum, Schott. — East Indies, Java. 23. P. setosTim, Presl. Aspidium setosum, Sw. ; Lang, et Fisch. Fil. 1. 17.— Japan. 75. LASTREA, Presl; J. Sm. Vernation uniserial and sarmentose, or fasciculate and erect Genus 75.— Piruia of fertile frond. No. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 153 or decumbent. Fronds varying from pinnatifid, bipinnatifid, to decompound-multifid, 1-6 feet high. Veins simple, or once or several times forked, or costasform and pinnate ; vemiles free. Receptacles punctiform, terminal or medial. Sori round. In- dusium reniform or subrotund (as in figure), attached by its sinus on the interior side. * Vernation uniserial, sarmentose. (Thelypteris.) •j- Fronds lanceolate, bipinnatifid. 1. L. palustris, /. Sm. Thelypteris palustris, Sclwtt. Lastrea Thelypteris, Presl ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 29 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 45 A 2 ; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 7. Polypodium Thelypteris, Linn. Aspidinm Thelypteris, Sw.; Sclik. Fil. t. 52; Eng. Sot. t. 1018. Nephrodium Thelypteris, Desv.; Hook. Brit. Ferns, 1. 13.— Europe. 2. L. Noveboracensis, Presl. Polypodium Noveboracense, Linn.; Sclik. Fil. t. 46. Aspidium Thelypteroides, 8w. — North America. 3. L. invisa, Presl. Aspidium invisum, Sw. ; Sclik. Fil. 1. 18. — West Indies. 4. L. augescens, /. Sm. Aspidium augescens, Link ; Kunze, Fil. t. 59; Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 10. Nephrodium Ottonianum, Kunze. — Tropical America. ft Fronds deltoid, decompound. 5. L. decomposita, /. Sm. Nephrodium decompositum, R. Br. ; Hook. Fil. Fl Nov. Zel. t. 79 (exdus. name, glabellum). Aspidium decompositum, Spreng. ; Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 33. — Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand. 6. L. velutina, /. 8m. Nephrodium (Lastrea) velutinum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 145 ; Hook. Fil. Nov. Zel. t. 80. Aspidium velutinum, A. Rich. — New Zealand. 7. L. pubescens, Presl. Polypodium pubescens, Linn. Ne- phrodium pubescens,- Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 62. — Jamaica. 8. L. quinquangnlaris, /. 8m. Aspidium quinquangulare, Kunze. Aspidium pubescens, Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 25. — Native country unknown. 154 FEENS I BEITISH AND FOEEIGN. 9. L. recedens, /. 8m. Polypodium recedens, /. Sm. En. Fil. Phil. Aspidium recedens, Lowe's Ferns, 7, 1. 1. Ceylon and Philippine Islands. 10. L. elegans, Moore and Houlst.— Ceylon. 11. L. pilosissima, /. 8m. Aspidium pilosissima, G. Don, in JHer&.1822; /. 8m.— Sierra Leone. 12. L. subquinquindum, /. 8m. Aspidium subquinquifidum, Beam. Fl. Owar. t. 19. Aspidium protensum, Sw. West Tropical Africa. 13. L. funesta, Moore. Aspidium funestum, Kunze.— Tropical West Africa, Brazil. * Vernation fasciculate, caudex erect or subdecumbent. f Fronds lanceolate, lipinnatifid, rarely pinnatifid. Veins generally simple, rarely forked. (Oreopteris.) 14. L. decursive-pinnata, /. Sm. Polypodium decursive- pinnatum, Hook. 2nd Cent. t. 49. Lastrea decurrens, /. Sm. Cat. 1846 and 1857.— China, Japan. 15. L. montana, Moore. Polypodium montanum, Vogler. Polystichum montanum, Both. Polypodium Oreo- pteris, Ehrhart; Eng. Bot. t. 1019. Aspidium Oreo- pteris, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. I. 35, 36. Lastrea Oreopteris, Presl ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit Ferns, t. 28 ; Sowerly's Ferns, t. 8. Nephrodium Oreopteris, Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 14. — Var. Nowelliana, Moore ; Lowe's New Ferns, p. 99. — Europe. 16. L. patens, Presl ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 45 A 1. Aspidium patens, Sw.; Badd. Fil. Bras. t. 40; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 3, 4. — Tropical America. 17. L. concinna, J. 8m. Polypodium concinnum, Willd. Phegopteris concinna, Fee. Polypodium molliculum, Kunze. Phegopteris mollicula, /. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1857. — Tropical America. 18. L. contermina, Presl. Aspidium conterminum, Willd. (Plum. Fil. t. 47). Aspidium polyphyllum, Kaulf. A. rivulorum, Link. — Tropical America, West Indies. 19. L. immersa, J. Sm. Aspidium immersum, Blume ; Metten. Fil^ Hort. Lips. t. 18, /. 1-3. Lastrea verrucosa, J". 8m. En. Fil. Phil. Aspidium impressum, Kunze. — Malayan Islands. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 155 20. L. cana, J. 8m. Aspidium canum, Wall. Nephrodium pubescens, D. Don, (non Sw.}.— East Indies. 21. L. strigosa, Presl. Aspidium strigosum, Willd. ; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 10. Polypodium crinitum, Poir. Lastrea crinita, Moore ; Hook, et Ghrev. Ic. Fil. t. 66. — Mauritius. 22. L. similis, J. 8m. En. Fil. Phil. (n. 390, Cuming). Aspi- dium submarginale, Sort. Berol. — Malacca. 23. L. Kaulfussii, Presl. Aspidium Kaulfussii, Link ; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 5. — Brazil. 24. L. chrysoloba, Presl. Aspidium chrysolobum, Link. — Brazil. 25. L. Caripense, J. 8m. Polypodium Caripense, H. et B. Polypodium submarginale. Lang, et Fisch. Fil. t. 13 ; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 49 (without indusice). Phegopteris submarginalis, /. 8m. (fat. 3857. — Tropical America. 26. L. vestita, J. 8m. Polypodium vestitum, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 36.— Brazil, West Indies. 27. L. falciculata, Presl. Aspidium falciculatum, Eadd. Fil Bras. t. 47.— Brazil. 28. L. Sprengelii, J. 8m. Aspidium Sprengelii, Kaulf. Aspidium glandiferum, Karst. — Tropical America and West Indies. 29. L. deltoidea, Moore. Aspidium deltoideum, Sw. Nephro- dium deltoideum, Desv. ; Hook. 8p. Fil. 4, p. 103. — West Indies. ft Fronds lanceolate or deltoid, bi-tripinnatifid or rarely pinnate, usually firm and subcoriaceous. Veins forked, generally immersed. (Dryopteris.) 30. L. podopbylla, J. 8m. Aspidium (Lastrea) podophylmin, Hook, in Journ. Bot. and Kew Misc. v. 5, t. 1. Aspi- dium Sieboldi, Van Houtte, Cat. ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 20, /. 1-4. Pycnopteris Sieboldi, Moore. — Japan and Hong-kong. T. FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 31. L. Filix-mas, PresZ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns t 14- Sowerly's Ferns, t.$. Polypodium Filix-mas, 'i^Vm' Aspidmm Filix-mas, Sw. ; Schk. Fil t. 44; Enq Sot. 1458. Nephrodium Filix-mas, Xttoh , Hook Brit Ferns, 1. 15. /Wx Var. paleacea, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 17 B. Aspidium paleaceum, Don. Nephro- dium Filix-mas, var. paleaceum, Hook. Fil. Exot t. 98. Lastrea Pseudo-mas, Wollast. L. Filix-mas,' var. Borreri, Johns ; Nephrodium affine, B. T. Lowe. Var. pumila, Moore; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 17 A. Aspidium pumilum, Lowe's Ferns 6, 1. 15. Var. cristata, Moore; Lindl. and Moore's Brit Ferns, t. 16 A. Var. incisa, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore' s Brit. Ferns, 2. 15. Aspidium affine, Fisch. et Mey. Lastrea anmis, Moore. Var. polydactyla, Moore; Lindl. and Moore's Brit Ferns, t. 16 B. Var. ramosissima, Moore, Gard. Cliron. 1864. Temperate regions of the earth generally. 32. L. remota, Moore. Aspidmm remotum, A. Broom • Lowe's New Ferns, t. 22. Nephrodium remotum Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 22. Aspidium Boottii, Tucker- man A. dilatatum, var. Boottii, A. Gray.— Europe and North America. 33. L. lacera, /. 8m. Polypodium lacerum, Thwnb. Aspidium lacerum, Eaton. — Japan. 34. L. hirtipes, J. Sm. Aspidium hirtipes, Blume. Nephro- dium (Lastrea) hirtipes, Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, « 115 Aspidium atratum, Wall.— India and Ceylon. 35. L. rigida, Presl; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns t 18- gomrigr Fern,, t. 11. Aspidium rigidum', 8w.'s Schk Fil. t. 38; Eng. Bot. t. 2724r; Lowe's Ferns, t>, £. 21. Nephrodium rigidum, Desv. ; Hook Brit Ferns, 1. 16.— Europe. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED PEENS. 157 36. L. elongata, Presl Polypodium elongatum, Mi Aspi- dium elongatum, Sw. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fit. t. 2<34.— Madeira. 37 L. varia, Moore. Polypodium varium, Linn Aspidium varium, 8w. ; Hook. Sp. Fil 4, *. 226. Lastrea opaca, Hook— China, Japan. 38 L Napoleonis, J. 8m. Aspidium Napoleonis, Bory ; Hook. Sp. FU. 4, 1. 155.— St. Helena. 39 L. marginalis, Presl. Polypodium marginale, Unn.'* •Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 26. Aspidium marginalis, jw. Schk. FU. t. 45 B ; Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 6.— Nortn America. 40 L. Goldiana, Presl. Nephrodium Goldianum, Hook, et Grev. Ic. FU. t. 102.— North America. 41 L erythrosora, /. 8m. Nephrodium erythrosorum, Eat.; Hook. Sp.Fil 6, t. 253.— Japan. 42. L. Mexicana, Ueb. Nephrodium Mexicanum, Presl Aspidium Mexicanum, Kunze— Mexico. ftf Fronds tripinnate, 6-6 feet long; stipes thick, paleaceous ; pinna* 2-2* feet long, more or less villose ; pinnules 4-8 indies long, lanceolate-acuminate, deeply pinnatijid ; seg- ments entire or pinnatifidly lobed ;^ ultimate loles umsorous. Indusium almost peltate. (Megopteris.) 43. L. villosa, Presl Polypodium villosum, Sw ^m:F^ t 27) Aspidium villosum, Sw.; Schk. JJii. t. 40. Nephrodium (Lastrea) viUosum, Hook. Sp. Fil t. 264. — West Indies. fttt Fronds lanceolate or deltoid, U-tripinnate, generall; fragile, crenate, dentate, or unequally lacmiated, often spinulose Veins forked. (Lophodium.) 44 L dilatata, Presl; Lindl and Moore's Brit. Ferns, $.22 ; Soioerby's Ferns, t. 13. Aspidium dilatatum, 8m.; Eng. Bot. I 1461. Nephrodium spinulosum, var. dilatatum, Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 19. 158 FERNS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN. Var. tanacetifolia, Moore. Polypodium tanaceti- folium, Hoffm. Aspidium depastum, Schk. Fil. t. 51. Aspidium erosum, Schk. Fil. t. 45. Var. nana, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 26 C, D. Var. dumetorum, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 25. Aspidium dumetorum, 8m. Nephro- dium spinulosum, o dumetorum, Hook. Brit. Ferns t. 21. Var. collina, Moore; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 26 A, B. Lastrea collina, Newm. Var. Chanteriae, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 24. Var. glandulosa, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 23. Europe, North America, and North-East Asia. 45. L. cristata, Presl ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, 1. 19 ; Sowerby's Ferns, 1. 10. Poly podium cristatum, Linn. Aspidium cristatum, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 37 ; Eng. Bot. t. 2125. Nephrodium cristatum, Mich. ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, 1. 17. — j3, Lancastriense, /. 8m. Aspidium Lancastrieuse, Spreng.; Schk. Fil. t. 41. — Europe and North America. 46. L. intermedia, Presl. Aspidium intermedium, Willd. — North America. 47. L. spinulosa, Presl; Lmdl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 21 ; Sowerly's Ferns, 1. 12. Aspidium spinulosum, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 48. Nephrodium spinulosum, a, bipinnatum, Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 18. Var. uliginosa, /. 8m. Lastrea uliginosa, Newm. Lastrea cristata, var. uliginosa, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 20. — Europe. 48. L. aemula, J. Sm. Polypodium SBmulum, Ait. Aspidium asrnulum, Sw. Nephrodium spinulosum, y asmulum, Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 20. Nephrodium Fcenisecii, R. T. Lowe. Lastrea Fcenisecii, Watson ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 27 ; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 14. Lastrea recurva, Newm. Lastrea concava, Newm. — Europe and Madeira. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 159 49 L elabella, /. 8m. Nephrodium glabellum, A. Cunn. Aspidium glabellum, Lowe's Ferns, 6, *. 36.-New Zealand. 50 L. Shepherd!, /. 8m. Aspidium Shepherd! Kunze. Lastrea acuminata, Houlst. et Moore. Aspidium acuminatum, Hort. Ang.; Lowe's Ferns, 6, , *. 11. Lastrea atro-virens, J. 8m. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1857.— Native country unknown. T. 51 L hirta, Presl. Aspidium hirtum, Sw. ; Sctik.FU. t.^QB. Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 11. Polypodium crystaUmum, Kunze, Fil. t. 135.— Jamaica. 52. L. sancta, J. 8m. Polypodium sanctum, Sw. Fhe- gopteris sancta, Fee— West Indies. 53 L hispida, Moore and Houlst. Aspidium hispidum, Sw. ; ScliJc. Fil. t. 49 ; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 8. Polystichum hispidum, J. 8m. Cat. 1857. Polypodium setosum, Forst. — New Zealand. Fronds U-tripinnatifid, 6-18 inches high, flaccid, ultimate dents unisorous. Indusium equal with the dent, and forming with it a Ulabiate cyst. (Diclisodon, Moore.) 54 L. deparioides, J.8m. Nephrodium (Lastrea) deparioides, Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 139. Aspidium deparioides, Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 3. Diclisodon deparioides, Moore.— Ceylon. b. Indusium inflated, cucullate. 76. CYSTOPTEBIS, Bernh. Vernation sub-fasciculate and decumbent or sub-erect, or uniserial and short sarmentose. Fronds slender, bi-tripmnatifid, 4-15 inches high. Veins forked ; venules free. Receptacles punc 160 FERNS: BEITISH AND FOREIGN. tiform, medial. Sori round. Indusium lateral, oblong or reniform, cncullate, dentate or fimbriate. Genus 76.— Portion of fertile frond, under side. No. 3, var. 1. C. tenuis, Sclwtt ; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 35. Aspidium tenue, 8w.; Sclik. Fil. t. 53 B. Aspidium atomarium, Mulil. ; Willd. Cystopteris atomaria, Presl— North America. 2. C. bulbifera, Bernh.; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 36. Polypodium bulbiferum, Linn. Aspidium bulbiferum, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 57. — North America. 3. C. fragilis, Bernh.; Hook. Gen. Fil t. 52 B; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 46 A, f. 1 ; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 19. Polypodium fragile, Linn. Aspidium fragile, Sw. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 54. Cyathea fragilis, 8m. ; Enq Bot. t. 1587. Var. dentata, Hook.; Lindl. and Moore's Brit Ferns, t. 46 A,f. 4r, Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 32. Cysto- pteris dentata, Hook. ; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 21. Cyathea dentata, Sin. Eng. Bot. t. 1588. Poly- podium dentatum, Dicks. Var. Dickieana, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit Ferns, t. 46 A, /. 5, 6 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 23, /. 4, 5. Cystopteris dentata, var. Dickieana. Bab • Sowerby's Ferns, t. 22. C. Dickieana, Sim.; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 33. Var. sempervirens, Moore; Lmdl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 46 A,f. 2, 3. Var. angustata, Link ; Moore's "Nat. Print. Ferns Oct. Ed. 2, t. 102 C; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 20.— Temperate Eegions of the Northern Hemisphere. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 161 4 C. regia, Presl; Lindl and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 46 B. Polypodium regium, Linn. Cystea regia, 8m, Aspidium regium, Sw. Cyathea incisa, 8m. Eng. Bot. 1. 163. Poly- podium alpinum, Jacq. Ic. Ear. t. 642. Aspidium alpinum, Sw. ; Sclilc.Fil.t62. Cystopteris alpina, Desv. ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 24 ; Sowerly's Ferns, t. 23.— Europe. 5 C. montana, Bemh. ; Lindl and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 46 C, f. 1-3 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, <.25; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 24. Aspidium montanum, Sw. ; SM. Fil t. 63.— Europe. c. Indusium calyciform. 77. WOODSIA, E. Br. Vernation fasciculate, erect, caaspitose. Fronds bi-tripinnatifid, rarely pinnate, 1-12 inches high, smooth or squamiferous. Veins simple or forked, free, the lower exterior branch sporangiferous on or below its apex. Recep- tacles punctiform. Sori round. Indusium calyci- form, its margin nearly entire or deeply laciniated, lacinise usually termina- ting in long hairs, which involve the sporangia. Genus 77.— Frond of No. 1, and pinna of No. 5. 1 62 FEENS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN. § 1. Woodsia vera. Stipes with a special articulation. Membrane of indusium nearly obsolete, fringed with articulated hairs, which involve the sporangia. 1. W. Ilvensis, E. Br.; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 8; Eng. Sot. t. 2616 ; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 5 ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 47 A. Acrostichum Ilvense, Linn. Polypodium Ilvense, 8w. ; Schk. Fil. t. 19.— Europe Britain. T. 2. W. hyperborea, E. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 11, t. 11 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 119 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 7 ; Sowerbifs Ferns, t. 6. Polypodium hyperboreum, 8w. ; Eng. Bot. t. 2023 ; Schk. Fil. t. 17 B.— Europe Britain. T. § 2. Physematium. Stipes not articulated. Membrane of in- dusium complete, at length somewhat sinuose-laciniated. 3. W. polystichoides, Eaton; Hook. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 2. ft Veitchii, Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 32. Woodsia Yeitchii, Hance, MSS. — Japan, Manchuria. 4. W. obtusa, Hook.; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 43; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 29. Polypodium obtusum, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 21. Woodsia Perriniana, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil t. 68. — North America. 5. W. mollis, /. 8m. ; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 26. Physematium molle, Kunze, Anal. Pterid. t. 27. Woodsia Mexicana, R. Br. — Mexico. H. § 4. Arthropterce. Fronds always pinnate ; pinnce entire or subpinnatifid, always articulated with the rachis. Sori punctiform, terminal. Indusium reniform, rarely obsolete or wanting. 78. ARTHROPTERIS, /. 8m. Vernation uniserial, distant ; sarmentum -slender, scandent stipes pseudo-articulated; the node of articulation basal or more or less elevated. Fronds pinnate, 1-1| foot long; AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 163 pinnae entire, dentate or pinnatifid. • Veins forked or pinnate ; venules ?free, their apices clavate, the lower exterior one sporangiferous. Recep- '.tacles punctiform. Sori terminal, round. Indusium reniform or •: absent. a. Indusium absent. 1. A. tenella, /. 8m. in Hook. Fil Fl Nov. Zeal t. 82. Poly- podium tenellum, Forst. ScJik. Fil. t. 16. Poly- podium filipes, Moore, in Gard. Chron. (1855), p. 368; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 38. Arthropteris filipes, J. 8m. Oat. Cult. Ferns (1857).— New Zealand. Genus 78. — Pinna of No. ditto No. 3, natural I. Indusium small, soon obliterated. 2. A. obliterata, J. 8m. Nephrodium obliteratum, E. Br. Nephrolepis obliterata, Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 154. Lindssea Lowei,.Hbr£. — Australia, Malayan and Poly- nesian Islands. c. Indusium evident, pinnce pinnatifid. 3. A. albo-punctata, /. 8m. Aspidium albo-punctatum, Willd. Nephrodium albo-punctatum, Desv. ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 89. Aspidium leucosticton, Kunze. Aspidium (Lastrea) Boutonianum, Hook. Ic . PI. t. 93.— Mauritius, W. Tropical Africa. 164 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 79. NEPHROLEPIS, Schott. Vernation fasciculate, erect, stoloniferous. Fronds pinnate, linear, 1-6 feet long; pinnae numerous, oblong or linear-lanceolate and falcate, j^> entire, dentate or deeply crenate, upper side /vx\ of the base auriculated, sessile, articulated to the rachis. Veins forked ; venules free, clavate, the lower exterior one fertile. Sori terminal, round, sub-marginal, transverse uniserial. Indusium reniform or nearly orbicular (as in figure), sometimes equal and conniving with the soriferous crenule, forming a marginal bilabiate cyst. 1. N. pectinata, Schott; Lowe's Ferns, 7, /. 18. Aspidium pectinatum, Willd. Aspidium trapezoides, ScJik. Fil. t. 29 B. Aspidium Schkuhrii, -Link. — Tropical America. 2. N. undulata, /. 8m. ; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 20. Aspidium undulatum, Sw. — West Africa. 3. N. tuberosa, Presl; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 25. Aspidium tuberosum, Bory. Nephrodium edule, D. Don. — East Indies. 4. N. exaltata, Schott, Gen. Fil. t. 3 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 35 ; Lowe's Ferns, 7, 1. 19. Polypodium exaltatum, Linn. ; (Plum. Fil. t. 63). Aspidium exaltatum, Sw. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 32 B ; Eadd. Fil. Bras. t. 46. Nephrodium exaltatum, E. Br. — Tropical America. 5. N. ensifolia, Presl ; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 22. Aspidium ensifolium, Sw. ; SchJc. Fil. t. 32. Aspidium acutum, Siv. ; Schk. Fil. t. 31. Nephrolepis platyotis, Kunze ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 26, /. 1. — Tropical America and Java. 6. "N. hirsutula, Presl; Lowe's Ferns, 7, £.21. Aspidium hirsutulum, Sw. ; ScJik. Fil. t. 33.'" Lepidoneuron hir- sutulum, Fee. Aspidium pilosum, Lang, et Fisch. Fil. t. 16.— East Indies. Gen us 79.— Pinna of fertile frond, under side. No. 5. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 165 7 N bisserata, Schott. Aspidium bisseratum, 8w. ; 8cM. Fil t. 33. Nephrodium bisseratum, Presl— Philip- pine Islands. 8 N. davallioidos, Moore; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 23 ; Hook. Fil Exot. t. 60. Aspidium davallioides, Sw. ; Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 395-6.— Malayan Archipelago. 80. CYCLOPELTIS, /. 8m Vernation fasciculate, decumbent. Fronds pinnate, 1-3 feet high; pinnae entire, falcate, i lanceolate, 4-9 inches long, sessile, auriculated at the base, articulated with the rachis. Veins two or three, times forked; venules free, the lower interior and exterior ones sporangiferous I on or below their apices. Receptacles puncti- [ form. Son round, transverse, biserial. In- I dusium orbicular. L C. semicordata, J. 8m. En. Fil Hort. Kew. (1846) ; Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 3. Aspidium semicordatum,$w.; (Plum. Fil. t. 113). Lastrea semicordata, Presl. Hemicardium Nephrolepis, Fee. Polystichum semicordatum, £ Moore.— West Indies. undeTside. NO. \ § 5 Didymochlcence. Fronds always Upinnate ; pinna and pinnules articulate with the rachis. Sori punctiform, oblong, terminal. Indusium oblong hippocrepiform. 81. DIDYMOCHLJENA, Desv. Vernation fasciculate and erect, subarboreotis. Fronds bi- pinnate, 2-6 feet long ; pinnules oblong-elliptical, oblique, base truncate, subsessile, articulated with the rachis. Veins radiating, 166 FERNS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN. forked ; costa excentric ; venules direct, free, their apices clavate, the anterior one sporangiferous. Receptacles oblong. Sori Genus 81.— Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 1. terminal, elliptical, marginal. Indusium oblong, attached lon- gitudinally, hippocrepiform. 1. D. lunulata, Desv. ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 17. Didy- mochlsBna truncatula, /. 8m. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857). Aspidium truncatulum, Sw. Aspidium squamatum, Willd. ; (Plum. Fil. t. 56). Didymochlsena sinuosa, Desv. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 8. Diplazium pulcherrimum, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 59. — Malayan Archipelago and Tropical America. ff Sori destitute of special indusium. § 6. StrutUopterecB. Fertile fronds contracted; segments revolute, forming a universal indusium, enclosing crowded punctiform sori. 82. STRUTHIOPTEBIS, Willd. Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds pinnate or bipinnate 1-3 feet high. Veins pinnate ; venules free, the fertile pinnee contracted, linear, with membranous, revolute, conniving mar- gins, forming a universal indusium. Receptacles medial, base AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FEENS. 167 of the pedicels of the sporangia concrete, forming thickened receptacles. Sori round, confluent. Genus 82.-Portions of sterile and fertile pinna, natural size, and ditto fertile, enlarged. No. 1. 1. S. Germanica, Willd. ; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 63 ; Hook. Gen. Fil t. 69. Onoclea Struthiopteris, 8w. ; Schk. Fil t. 105. — Germany. 2. S. Pennsylvanica, Willd.— North America. 7. Phegopteriw. Sori punctiform, rarely oblong, naked, or seated in the axis of reflexed indusiform dents. 83. AMPHIDESMIUM, Schott. Vernation fasciculate, decumbent and criniferous. Fronds pinnate, 4-6 feet long, smooth ; pinnae linear-lanceolate, adhe- rent Veins simple or rarely forked, parallel. Receptacles punctiform. Sori medial, round, criniferous, irregular, o more than one on the same vein. 168 FERNS I BEITISH AND FOREIGN. Genus 83.— Portion of pinnee, slightly enlarged. No. 1. 1. A. blechnoides, Klotzsch. Polypodium blechnoides, Rich. Alsophila blechnoides, Hook. 8p. Fil Amphidesmium rostratum, /. 8m. Gen. Fil Polypodium rostratum, Humb. Metaxya rostrata, Presl ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t.4>2B. Amphidesmium Parkeri, Scliott. Polypodium Parkeri, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 232.— West Indies and Tropical America. 84. PHEGOPTEBIS, Fee; J. 8m. Vernation uniserial and sarmentose, or fasciculate and erect, or decumbent. Fronds varying from pinnate to decompound- Genus 84.— Portion of fertile frond, under side. No. 7. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FEENS. nmltifid, and from 1-6 feet high. Veins forked or pinnate; venules free. Receptacles punctiform, terminal, medial, or basal. Sori round, rarely oblong, naked. § 1. Vernation fasciculate, erect, becoming caspitose. (Anopodium.) 1 P. alpestris, J. 8m. Polypodium alpertre, Boppe ; Lindl and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 7, A, B, C; Sowerby s Ferns 2, t. 49 ; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 39. Aspidium i alpestre, Hoppe ; Sw.; Schk. Fil t. 60, exclus. syn. Linn. — Europe, Britain. 2 P flexilis, J.8m. Polypodium flexile, Moore. Polypodium alpestre, var. flexile, Lindl. and Moore's Bnt. Ferns, t. 7, D, E; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 6.— Scotland. S 2 Vernation fasciculate, erect; caudex becoming elevated, solitary. (Desmopodium.) 3 P. hastaefolia, /. 8m. Polypodium hastefolium Sw.; Hook, et Grew. Ic. Fit. t. 203 ; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 5o.— Jamaica. 4. P. Walkerse, Hook. 8p. Fil. 4, p. 233.-Ceylon. 5 P Sieberianum, Fee. Polypodium Sieberiannm, XowZ/. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 235.— Mauritius. 6 P. decussata, J. 8m. Polypodium decussatum, Unn. ' (Plum. Fil. t. 24) ; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 54. Polypodium grammicum, Spr.— West Indies. 7. P. macroptera, Fee. Polypodium macropterum, Kaulf. Polypodium formosum, Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. &3. AISC phila Fischeriana,Ee^ei5 Ho^. Pe^rop.— Braaal. 8. P. ampla, Fee. Polypodium amplum, Humb. ; Lowe's Ferns, 9, t. 52.— Martinique. 9 P spectabilis, Fee. Polypodium spectabile, Kaulf.; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 43.-Tropical America. t. 33.— Jamaica. 1 70 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 11. P. drepana, /. 8m. Aspidium drepannm, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 43 C. Polystichum drepanum, Presl. Poly- podium drepanum, Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 34. — Madeira. 12. P. rufescens, Metten. Polypodium rufescens, Blume, Fil. Jav. t. 91; Thwait. Enum. PI. Zeyl. 394. — Java, Ceylon. § 3. Vernation fasciculate, decumbent. (Catapodium, /. Sm.) 13. P. divergens, Fee. Polypodium divergens, Willd. ; Schk. Fil. t. 26 B ; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 23. Polypodium multifidum, Jacq. Ic. Ear. t. 643. — West Indies. 14. P. effusa, Fee. Polypodium effusum, 8w. ; Sloane,Hist. Jam. t. 57, /. 3 ; Schk. Fil. t. 26 C.— West Indies. 15. P. trichodes, /. Sm. Polypodium trichodes, Beinw.; J. 8m. En. Fil. Phil. Polypodium tenericaule, Wall, Cat. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 269. Aspidium uliginosum, Kunze. — Malayan Archipelago. 16. P. unidentata, J. Sm. Polypodium unidentatum, Hook. Sp.Fil. 4, p. 247.— Sandwich Islands. § 4. Vernation uniserial, distant. (Phegopteris vera.) 17. P. aurita, /. Sm. Gymnogramma aurita, Hook. Ic. PI t. 974 and 989. Grammitis aurita, Moore. Lepto- gramma aurita, Hort. — East Indies. 18. P. hexagonoptera, Fee. Polypodium hexagon opterum, Michx. ; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 49. — North America. 19. P. Robertiana, /. 8m. Polypodium Eobertianum, Ho/. ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 6; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 5. Phegopteris calcarea, Fee ; J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857). Polypodium calcareum, 8m. Eng. Bot. t. (1525). — Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemisphere, Britain. 20. P. Dryopteris, Fee. Polypodium Dryopteris, Linn. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 25 ; Eng. Bot. t. 616 ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 6 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 4.— Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemisphere, Britain. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 171 21. P. vulgaris, Metten. Phegopteris polypodioides, Fee. Polypodium Phegopteris, Linn.; Eng. Sot. t. 2224; Schk. Fil. t. 20 ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 4; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 3. — Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemisphere, Britain. 22. P. rugulosa, Fee. Polypodium rugulosum, Labill. Nov. Holl. t. 241.— Tasmania and New Zealand. 85. HYPOLEPIS, Bernh. Vernation uniserial, sarmentose. Fronds bi-tripinnate, 1—6 feet high, smooth, pilo-glandulose or aculeate. Veins forked or pinnate ; venules free, the lower exterior branch sporangiferous on its apex. Receptacles punctiform. Sori round, marginal, each seated in the axis of a reflexed indusiform crenule. 1. H. repens, Presl; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 90 B ; Hook, et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 67 B. Lonchites repens, Linn. ; (Plum. Fit. t. 12).— West Indies. 2. H. temiifolia, Bernh.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 89 C. Lon- chites tenuifolia, Forst. Cheilanthes arborescens, Sw. — Malayan Archipelago and Polynesia. 3. H. amaurorachis, Hook. Sp. Fil. ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 16. /. 1 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 2. Cheilanthes amaurorachis, Kunze. — Australia.. 4. H. distans, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t, 95 C.— New Zealand. Genus 85. — Fertile pinn^, under side. No. 3. 172 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. THIBE VII.— PTERIDE2E. Sori marginal, round, oblong or linear, interrupted or con- tinuous. Indusium lateral, exteriorly attached on the margin of the frond, special to each sorus, or sometimes universal to two or more sori. § 1. Cheilanthece. Sori marginal, round or oblong, distinct or laterally contiguous and confluent forming a compound linear sorus. Indusium special to each receptacle, or more or less linearly continued and common to two or more receptacles, 86. NOTHOLJENA, R. Br.; J. 8m. Vernation fasciculate, generally erect, caespitose. Fronds pinnate or bi-pinnate, o'-18 inches high, pilo-tomentose, squa- mose or farinose. Veins forked, free. Receptacles terminal. Genus 86.— Mature frond, upper side. No. 10. Sporangia few to each receptacle, contiguous, forming a mar- ginal row in the axis of the reflexed sub-indusiform margin. 1. K". trichomanoides, R. Sr. ; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 14 B. Pteris trichomanoides, Linn. ; (Plum. Fil. t. 75); ScJik. Fil. t. 99.— Jamaica. 2. N. rufa, Presl. JSTotholsena ferruginea, Hook. 2nd Cent, of Ferns, t. 32. — Mexico, Peru. 3. N. brachypus, J. 8m. Cheilanthes brachypus, Kunze. Notholaena squamata, Hort. N. squamosa, Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 17 B.— Mexico. 4. N. distans, R. Br. ; Labill. Nov. Cald. t. 7 ; Hoo'k. Ic. PL t. 980; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 19.— Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia. 5. W. mollis, Kunze, Fil. t. 53, /. 2.— Chili. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 173 6. N. Marantse, R. Br. Acrostichum Marantae, Linn.; Schk. Fil t. 4 ; Sibth. FL Gr. t. 964.— South of Europe and North Asia. 7. N. Canariense, J". Sm. Acrostichum Canariense, Willd. — Teneriffe and Cape de Verd Islands. 8. N. sinuata, Kaulf.; Kunze, Fil. t. 45; Bot. Mag. t. 4699. Acrostichum sinuatum, Sw. — Mexico. 9. N. laevis, Mart, et Gal N. crassifolia, Moore et Houlst. ; Lowe's Ferns, I, t. 14 A.— Mexico. 10. N. Eckloniana, Kunze; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 17 A. — South Africa. 11. N. lanuginosa, Desv. Acrostichum lanuginosum, Desf. ; FL Allan. 2, t. 256 ; Sclik. Fil t. 1. Acrostichum velleum, Ait.; Sibth. FL Gr. t. 656.— South Europe and Madeira. 12. N. sulphurea, J. 8m. in Seemann's Bot. Voy. Herald, p. 233. Pteris sulphurea, Cav. Cheilanthes Bor- sigiana, Eichenb. fil. in Hort. Berol ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 16 A.— Peru.. 87. MYBIOPTERIS, Fee. Vernation uniserial, sarmentose, or subfasciculate and caespi- C)fiins87. — Matuie frond, under side. No. 3. Genus 87. — Pinna of mature frond, under side. No. 1. 1 74 FEKNS : BRITISH AND FOEEIGN. tose. Fronds 4-18 inches high, slender, decompound, pinnatifid, pilose or piloso-squamiferous ; ultimate segments minute, gene- rally orbicular or cuneiform, concave ; the margin membranous, revolute, conniving, forming an universal cucullate indusium. Veins forked, free. Receptacles terminal. Sporangia few to each receptacle, confluent under the uniserial indusium. 1. M. lendigera, Fee. Cheilanthes lendigera, Sw.; Hook. Sp. Fil, t. 106 A. Notholaena lendigera, /. 8m. Gen. Fil. Cheilanthes tennis, Hort. ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 23. — Tropical America. T. 2. M. myriophylla, J. 8m. Cheilanthes myriophylla, Desv. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 105 A— Tropical America. T. 3. M. elegans, J. Sm. Cheilanthes elegans, Desv. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 105 B ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 20. Myriopteris Marsupianthus, Fee, Gen. Fil. 1. 12 A, /. 1. — Tropical America. T. 4. M. tomentosa, Fee. Cheilanthes tomentosa, Link ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 109 A— Mexico and Southern United States. 5. M. frigida, J. 8m. Cheilanthes frigida, Linden. Chei- lanthes lendigera, Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 24. — Tropical America. T. 6. M. vestita, /. Sm. Cheilanthes vestita, Sw. ; ScJik. Fil t. 124 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 108 B. Notholasna vestita, Desv. ; J. Sm. Gen. Fil. ; Lowe's Ferns, l,t. 16 B. — North America. T. 7. M. hirta, /. 8m. Cheilanthes hirta, Sw. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 101 B ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 18. Cheilanthes Ellisiana, Hort. — South Africa. ' 88. CHEILANTHES, 8w. (in part). Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. Fronds bi-tri- pinnate, rarely simple pinnate, 4-18 inches or more in height, smooth, pilose, glandulose, squamose or farinose; ultimate seg- ments often small. Veins forked, free. Receptacles terminal. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FEKNS. 175 Sori round, marginal, distinct or laterally confluent. Indusium reniform or subrotund, and special to each sorus, or more or Genus 88.- Pinna of mature frond, Genus 88.-Fertile pinna, underside. No. 13. underside. No. 14. less elongated, plain or undulate, and including two or more son. § 1. Indusium oblong or linear, common to two or more dusters of sporangia. Fronds smooth, pilose, tomentose, squamose, or glandulose. (Eucheilanthes, Hook.) 1. C. micropteris, Sw. Syn. Fil. t. 3, /. 5.— Quito and Brazil. 2. C. viscosa, Link; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 93 B; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 25.— Tropical America. T. 3. C. fragrans, Sw. (in part) ; Hook. ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, 1. 17 B. Polypodium fragrans, Linn. Cheilanthes odora, flfw. ; Schk Fl. t. 123. C. suaveolens, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t 19 ; SiUh. Fil. Gr. t. 966 ; Hook, et Bauer. Gen. Fil t. 106 B. C. Maderensis, E. T. Lowe. — South Europe and Madeira. 176 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 4. C. tenuifolia, 8w.j Schk. Fil. 1. 125 ; Hooh 8p. Fil i. 87 C. —East Indies, Malayan Archipelago, Australia, and New Zealand. 5. C. microphylla, 8w. ; (Plum. Fil. t. 58) ; Hook. Sp. Fil 2, t. 98 A. C. micromera, Link ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, i- 16. — Tropical America. T. 6. C. Sieberi, Kunze ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 97 B. Cheilanthes Preissiana, Kunze Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 29.— Australia and New Zealand. 7. C. Alabamensis, Kunze; Hook.Sp. Fil, t. 103 B; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 90.— South United States. T. 8. C. spectabilis, Kaulf. ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 15. Hypolepis spectabilis, Link ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 88 B. Adiantopsis spectabilis, Fee. Cheilanthus Brasiliensis, Radd Fil Bras. t. 75, /. 2.— Brazil. T. 9. C. multiflda, Sw. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, 1. 100 B; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 39.— South Africa, St. Helena, Java. » § 2. Indusium linear, continuous, sinuose-undulate. Fronds farinose. (Aleuritopteris, Fee.) 10. C. argentea, Kimze ; Lang, et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 22. Pteris argentea, Ghnel.; Sw. — Siberia. T. 11. C. farinosa, Kaulf.; Hook, et Grev.Ic. Fil. t. 134 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4765. Cassebeera farinosa, /. 8m. olim. Pteris farinosa, Forsk. ^ dealbata, Don. Allosorus dealbatus, Presl. Pteris argyrophylla, Sw.— India and Arabia. 12. C. pulveracea, Presl; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 28. Aleur6- pteris Mexicanum, Fee. — Mexico. T. § 3. Indusium subrotund, special to each cluster of sporangia, Fronds smooth. (Adiantopsis, Fee.) 13. C. pteroides, Sw.; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 101 A; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 21. Adiantopsis pteroides, Moore.— South Africa. 14. C. Capensis, Sw. ; Lowe's New Ferns',i. 26 A. Hypolepis Capensis, Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 77. Adiantopsis Capensis, Moore. — South Africa. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 177 15. C. radiata, J. 8m; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 18. Adiantum radiatum, Linn. ; Sw. ; (Plum. Fil.t. 100). Hypolepis radiata, Hook. Sp. Fil t. 91 A. Adiantopsis radiata, Fee. — Tropical America. 16. C. pedata, A. Br. Hypolepis pedata, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 92 A. Adiantopsis pedata, Moore. — Jamaica. 89. CRYPTOGRAMME, B. Br. Vernation f . sciculate, erect, caespitose. Fronds bi-tripinnate, 6-10 inches high, the fertile contracted; segments oblong, linear ; margins membranous, revolute, oppositely conniving, Genus 89.-Portion of barren pinna, natural size ; ditto fertile enlarged and unfolded. No. 1. forming a universal indusium. Ferns forked, free. Receptacles terminal, subelongated. Sori defined, oblong, becoming late- rally confluent, forming a compound, broad, ^ intramargmal, linear sorus, included under the universal indusium. 1 C. crispa, E. Br. ; Hook, et Bauer. Gen. Fil. t. 115 B ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, '6, t. 34. Pteris crispa, Linn. ; Sw. ; Schk. Fil t. 98 ; Eng. Bot. t. 1160. AUosorus crispus, Bernh. ; Presl ; J, 8m. Gen. Fil ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 8 ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 34. Phorolobus crispus, Desv.— Temperate Eegions of the Northern Hemisphere. 178 FEENS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 90. CINCINALIS, Desv. (in part); Fee. Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds tripinnate, 4-12 inches high, slender; pinnae distant, spreading; pinnules ovate, hastate- lobed or trifoliate, plane, smooth, glaucous or farinose. Veins Genus 90. — Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 1. forked, free. Receptacles terminal. Sporangia large, globose, sessile, definite, in a short series on the upper portion of the venules, becoming laterally confluent, forming a broad sub- intramarginal sorus. Indusium obsolete or very narrow. * Fronds smooth, glaucous. 1. C. tenera, Fee. Notholaena tenera, Gill. ; Hook. Sot. Mag. t. 3055 ; Kunze, Fil t. 22, /. 2 ; Hook, et Bauer. Gen. Fil. t. 76 A; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 15.— Chili. ** Fronds farinose. 2. C. nivea, Desv. Pteris nivea, Lam.; Sw. ISTotholasna nivea, Desv. ; Kunze, Fil. t. 22, /. 1 ; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 19 G. Acrostichum albidulum, Sw. Syn. Fil. t. 1, /. 2. Notholaena incana, Presl, Eel. Hcenk. t. 1, /. 2. — Tropical America. 3. C. pulch.ella, J. 8m. Allosorus pulchellus, Mart, et Gal. Fil. Mex. t. 10, f. 1. Pellsea pulchella, Fee; Hook. — Mexico. Tr. 4. C. Hookeri, J. Sm. Notholaena Hookeri, Lowe's Ferns, 1, obs. sub t. 19 G et 1. 13. — Tropical America. 5. C. flavens, Desv.; Fee, Gen. Fil. 5, t. 30; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 8. Acrostichum flavens, Sw. Gymno- gramme flavens, Kaulf.; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 47. Sotholsena chrysophylla, Hort.— Tropical America. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FEENS. 179 91. PELLJEA, Link. Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent, squamose. Fronds palmate, pinnate, or bi-tripinnate, 5 inches to 6 feet high ; p n- nules articulated to the rachis or to a short petiole Vews forked; venules free. Receptacles terminal, generally con- Genus 91 .—Fertile pinna, under side. No. 6. tiguous, forming a more or less broad, compound, continuous marginal sorus, or rarely distant, and each receptacle forming definite round sori. Indusium linearly continuous or sub- rotund and special to each receptacle. N 2 180 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 1. P. geraniifolia, Fee. Pteris geraniifolia, Eadd. Fil. Bras. t. 67 ; Hook. Ic. PL t. 915. Pteris concolor, Lang, et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 21. Platyloma geraniifolia, Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 27. — East Indies, Polynesia, Tropical America. 2. P. cuneata, J. 8m. Cheilanthes cuneata, Link ; Kunze, Fil. t. 36. — Cheilanthes rufescens, Link. — Mexico. 3. P. profusa, /. 8m. Cheilanthes profusa, Kunze, Fil. 1. 17. Notholaena profusa, Presl. — South Africa. 4. P. intramarginalis, J. 8m. }?teris intramarginalis, Kaulf. ; Kunze, Anal: Pterid. 1 17, f. 1. Pteris fallax, Mart, et Gal. Fil. Hex. t. 14, /. 2. Cheilanthes intra- marginalis, Hook. Platyloma intramarginalis, Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 31.— Mexico. 5. P. glauca, /. 8m. Pteris glanca, Cav. Cheilanthes glauca, Metten. Cheil. t. 31, /. 18, 19.— Mexico. 6. P..hastata, Link ; Fee; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 116 B ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 50. Platyloma hastatum et adiantoides, Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 32, 33. Pteris hastata, 8w. Allosorus hastatus, Presl; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 5. — South Africa. 7. P. consobrina, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 117 A. Pteris con- sobrina, Kunze. — South Africa. 8. P. atropurpurea, Link ; Fee. Pteris atropurpurea, Linn. ; 8cTik. Fil. t. 99.— North America. T. 9. P. Calomelanos, Link; Fee. Pteris Calomelanos, Sw.; Schlecht. Adumb. t. 24. Allosorus Calomelanos, Presl; Hook, in Sot. Mag. t. 4769. Platyloma Calomelanos, J. 8m. ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 26. — South Africa. Tr. 10. P. ternifolia, Link ; Fee ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 15. Pteris ternifolia, Gam. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 126. Platy- loma ternifolium, J. 8m.. ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 24 B. — Tropical America. T. 11. P. Wrightiana, Hook. 8p.Fil. 2, t. 115 B.— New Mexico. 12. P. sagittata, Link. Pteris sagittata, Cav. Allosorus sagittatus, Presl; Kunze, Fil. t. 24.— Peru. T. AN ENUMEEATION OF CULTIVATED TEENS. 13. P. fiexuosa, Lmk ; Fee. Pteris flexuosa, Eaulf. ; Hook. Ic PI t 119. Allosoms flexuosus, Kunze, Fil. t. 23 ; Bbflfe in Bot. Mag. t. 4762. Platyloxna flexuosum, /. 8m. ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, *. 25.— Tropical America. T. 14 P cordata, J. Sm. (non Fee). Pteria cordata, Cav. Allo- sorus cordatus, Presl ; Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 4698.— Tropical America. T. 92. PLATYLOMA, /. 8m. (in part). Vernation nniserial ; sarmentum sub- hypogseous. Fronds pinnate, 1-2 feet high; pinnae entire, opaque. Veins forked ; venules free. Receptacles^ ter- minal, oblong, contiguous, forming a broad, compound, continuous, mar- ginal sorus. Indusium linear, con- tinuous, narrow, subobsolete. Genus 92.- Fertile pinnce, under side, No. 1 ; ditto enlarged, No. 182 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 1. P. Brownii, J. Sm. ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 29. Adiantum paradoxum, B. Br. Pelleea paradoxa, Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 21 ; Sp. Fil 2, t. 3 A. Pellasa cordata, Fee (non J. Sin.}. — Australia. 2. P. falcatum, J. Sm. ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 30 A B ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 115 A (exd. name P. Brownii). Pteris falcata, E. Br. Pteris seticaulis, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 207. Pellsea falcata, Fee ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. Ill B— East Indies, Australia. 3. P. rotundifolium, J. 8m. ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 24 A Pteris rotundifolia, Forst. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 99 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 422. Pellsea rotundifolia, Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 48— New Zealand. 93. ADIANTUM, Linn. Vernation distant, sarmentose or subfasciculate, decumbent and caespitose. Fronds simple-reniform, pinnate or bi-tripin- nate ; pinnas and pinnules articulated with the petiole ; costa excentric or obsolete. Veins unilateral or radiating, forked ; Genus 93. — Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 16. venules free, terminating in the axis of a reflexed orbicular or elongated portion of the margin (indusium), which is altered in texture, venose and sporangiferous on its under side, ultimately becoming replicate. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED PEENS. 183 1. Reniforme group. Fronds simple, reniform. 1 A reniforme, Linn.; Schk. Fil. t. 115; Lodd. Sot. Cab. t. 841 ; Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 104; 8p. Fil 2, t. 71 A; ' Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 8 ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 2 B.— Madeira, Teneriffe. 2. Caudalum group. . Fronds pinnate, pinnce narrow. 2. A. lunulatum, Burm. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 104 ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 8 B. Adiantum arcnatum, Sw.— East Indies. 3. A. dolabriforme, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 191.— East Indies, Malay and Pacific Islands, Brazil. 4. A. caudatum, Linn. ; Schk. Fil. t. 117; Hook. Exot. Fl. 1. 104 ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 2 A— East Indies. 3. Macrophyllum group. Fronds pinnate, erect ', pinnce broad. 5. A. lucidum, Sw. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, 79 C (exd. f. 4) ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 4 A.— Tropical America. 6. A. obliquum, Willd. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 79 A— Tropical America. 7 A. Kaulfussii, Kunze. Adiantum obliquum, Kaulf.; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. 1. 190 (non Willd.).— Tropical America. 8. A. Wilsoni, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 72 A ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 16 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. 1. 14.— Jamaica. 9. A. macrophyllum, Sw. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. 1. 132 ; Hook. Fil. Exot, t. 55. — Tropical America. 4. Monosoratum group. Fronds uniformly bipinnate. 10. A. villosum, Linn. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 120. A. varium, Presl ,- Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 18.— Tropical America. 184 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 11. A. pulverulentum, Linn.; (Plum. Fil t. 55); ScJik. Fil t. 119; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 17. A. monosoratum, Willd. Var. — Fronds small, pink when young. — A.rigidum, Horl Berol Var. — Fronds small, green wlien young. — A. tetra- phyllum, Sort. Berol. — Tropical America. 5. Prionophyllum group. 12. A. intermedium, Sw. ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 20. A. Brasiliense, Link (non Radd.). A. triangulatum, Kaulf. ; Klotz. — Tropical America. 13. A. prionophyllum, H. B K. A. tetraphyllum, Willd.— Tropical America. 14. A. fovearum, Radd. Fil Bras. t. 77.— Brazil. 6. Trapeziforme group. Fronds large, tripinnate ; pinnce distant, alternate. 15. A. subcordatum, Sw.; A. betnlinum, Kaulf. A. trun- catnm, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 78, /. 1. — Brazil. 16. A. trapeziforme, Linn. A. rhomboideum, ScJiJc. Fil. 1. 122. — West Indies and Tropical America. 17. A. pentadactylon, Lang, et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 25; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 98.— Brazil. 18. A. Mathewsianum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 84 A.— Pern. 19. A. cultratum, /. Sm. ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 21 ; Moore, in Gard. CJvron. (1855), p. 660. — Tropical America. 20. A. curvatum, Kaulf. ; Hook. Sp. Fil 2, t. 84 C. Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 6.— Brazil. 21. A. polyphylhim, Willd. ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 12. A. cardiochlama, Kunze ; Hook. Sp. Fil 2, t. 83 A — Tropical America. 22. A. cristatum, Linn. ; Jacq. Ic. Ear. t. 646 ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 22.— West Indies. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FEENS. 23. A. Feei, Moore. A. flexuosum, Hook. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 61. — Mexico. 7. Formosum group. Fronds quadripinnate, decompound, with distant alternate pinnce. 24. A. Brasiliense, Eadd. Fil. Bras. t. 76.— Brazil. 25. A. Wilesianum, Hooh. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 83 0; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 29.— Jamaica. 26 A. affine, Willd. A. trapezifonne, Forst. (non Linn.} ; SM. Fil. 1. 121 B.— New Zealand. 27. A. Cunningham!, HooJc. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 86 A ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 12.— New Zealand. 28 A. formosum, E. Br. ; HooTc. Sp. Fil. 2, t.SSB; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 11.— New Holland and New Zealand. 8. Fldbellatum group. Fronds dichotomously pedate-flabellate. 29 A. flabellulatum, Linn. (Pluk. t. 4, /. 3). A. fuscum, Eetz. Ols. 2, t. 5. A. amoenum, Wall; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 103.— East Indies. 30. A. patens, Willd.; Hooh. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 87 ^.-Tropical America. 31. A. pedatum, Linn. ; 8M. Fil. 1. 115 ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 14. — North America, North Africa. 32. A. hispidulum, Sw. A. pnbescens, ScKk. Fil. t. 116 ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 9.— Far. tenelhim, Moore, Ind. A. hispidulum, Hort.; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 13 A.— East Indies, Malayan Archipelago, Australia, New Zealand, and Pacific Islands. 33. A. setulosum, J. 8m. En. Fil. Hort. Kew, in Bot. Mag. (1846). A. affine, Hoo'k. Sp. Fil. (excl. syn. Willd. ; Forst.; ScJiJc.; A. Cunn.) — Norfolk Island, and Fijis. 34. A. fulvum, Baoul'; HooTc. Sp. Fil.t. 85 A; Lowe's Ferns, 3, 1. 19.— New Zealand, and Fijis. 186 FEENS: BRITISH AND FOEEIGN. 9. Tenerum group. Fronds dichotomously decompound. 35. A. tenerum, 8w. ; (Plum. Fil. t. 95) ; Moore et Houlst. Gard. Mag. Bot. 3, /. 22.— West Indies and Tropical America. 36. A. sulphureum, Kaulf. ; Kunze, Anal t. 22, /. 1 ; Hook. 8p. Fil 2, t. 76 A.— Chili. 37. A. Chilense, Kaulf. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil t. 173 ; Hook. Sp.Fil2,l 755.— Chili. 38. A. emarginatum, Bory ; Hook. Sp. Fil 2, t. 75 A. — South Africa, Mauritius. 10. Capillus Veneris group. 39. A. concinnum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. Fil 1 121 (non Sw.). — Tropical America. 40. A. capillus-veneris, Linn.; Sm.Eng.Bot.l (1564) ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 66 B; Moore's Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 45 ; Sowerbifs Ferns, t. 40 ; Hook. Sp. Fil 2, t. 74 B ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 41. A. Moritzianum, Klotz. — Tropical and Temperate Zones of both Hemispheres. 41. A. JEthiopicum, Linn.; Hook. Sp. Fil 2, t. 77 A. A. assimile, Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 8 (non Sw.). — Tropics. 42. A. cuneatum, Lang, et Fisch. Ic. Fil I 26 ; Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 78, /. 2 ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 30.— Brazil. 43. A. assimile, 8w. Syn. Fil t. 3, /. 4. A. trigonum, Labil Nov. Holl t. 248, /. 2.— Australia, Tasmania. § 2. Pteridece verce. Sori marginal, transversely elongated. Indusium linear, plane. 94. OCHBOPTERIS, /. 8m. ; Hook. Gen. Fil 1. 106 A. Vernation decumbent. Fronds deltoid, long stipate, decom- pound, 2-3 feet high, smooth, glossy ; stipes and racheas pale, AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FEBNS. 187 stramineous; ultimate pinnules and lobes oblong-elliptical, cuneiform, marginate, usually oblique. Veins pinnately forked, radiating ; venules direct, apices of the sterile clavate, free, the Genus Q4. — Portion of frond, natural size ; two ditto, enlarged. No. 1 . fertile 2-4 converging and transversely combined by a thick impressed, sporangiferous marginal receptacle. Sori oblong, rarely two on each lobe. Indusium formed of the reflexed margin, thick, coriaceous. 1. O. pallens, /. 8m. Gen. Fil. (1841) ; HooTc. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 77 ; Hook, et Bauer. Gen. Fil. t. 106 A. Adiantum pallens, Sw. — Mauritius. 95. ONYCHIUM, Kaulf. Vernation fasciculate and decumbent, or distant and sarmen- tose. Fronds decompound multifid, 1-3 feet high, smooth ; sterile segments cuneiform. Veins forked, free, their apices clavate ; fertile segments linear, apiculate, veins simple, short, 188 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. their apices transversely combined by the receptacle. Sorus linear, in the axis of a linear slightly intramarginal indusium, Genus 95 —Portion of frond, natural size ; two ditto, enlarged. No. 1. the inner free margin of which connives with the inner margin of the opposite indusium, ultimately becoming replicate, with the sporangia of both sori confluent. 1. O. Japonicum, Kunze. Trichomanes Japonicum, Tliunb. 0. Capense, Kaulf. En. Fil. t. 1, /. 8. 0. lucidura, Cat. Hort. Kew. (1856) (non Spreng.) (non Hook.). — Japan. 2. O. auratum, Kaulf. Lomaria decomposita, D. Don. Pteris chrysocarpa, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 107. — East Indies and Malayan Archipelago. 96. PTERIS, Linn, (in part). Vernation fasciculate and erect or decumbent, or uniserial and sarmentose. Fronds pinnate, bi-tri-quadripinnate, rarely simple, from a few inches to six or more feet high ; the ultimate pinnse entire, sinuose-lobed or pinnatifid. Veins forked ; sterile venules free, the apices of the fertile transversely combined by the AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 189 receptacle, constituting a linear, continuous or interrupted sorus. Indusium linear, marginal. * Vernation fasciculate, decumbent, f Fronds simply pinnate. 1. P. longifolia, Linn. ; (Plum. Fil. t. 69); Sclik. Fil. t. 88; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 42. P. vittata, Linn. P. ensifolia, Sw. P. lan- ceolata, Desf. P. Alpini, Desv. P. obliqua, Forsk. P. costata, Bory. P. aequalis, Presl. P. acu- minatissimum, Blume. P. amplectans, Wall P. Bahamensis, Fee. — Tro- pics and Northern Tem- perate Zone. Genus 96. — Barren piruia. No. 4. Portion of fertile frond, natural size. ff Fronds pinnate, the lower pair or more of pinnae lobed or pinnate. 2. P. Cretica, Linn. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 90; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 43. P. serraria, Sw. P. pentaphylla, Willd. Var. — albo-lineata, Hooh.Bot. Mag. t. 5194 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 25. — Tropics and £Torth Temperate Zone. 190 TEENS I BEITISH AND FOREIGN. 3. P. heterodactyla, Reinw. ; J. 8m. En. Fil. Philipp. Pteris Cretica, Blume. — Malayan Archipelago. 4. P. umbrosa, R. Br. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 130 B ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 39.— Australia. 5. P. serrulata, Linn. / Schk. Fil t. 91 ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 40 ; {3 minor, Moore et Houlst. Var. cristata, Moore, Gard. Clvron. (1863).— Tropics. 6. P. crenata, 8w. ; Burm. Fl. Zey. t. 87 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 127 A ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 48. P. multidentata, Wall. P. Chinensis, Hort. Ang. — Tropics. 7. P. heterophylla, Linn. ; (Plum. Fil. tf. 37); Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4925. — Jamaica. 8. P. semipinnata, Linn. ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 9 ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 59. P. flabellata, Schk. Fil. t. 93. P. dimidiata, Blume. — East Indies, China, Malayan Archipelago. 9. P. mutilata, Linn.; (Plum. Fil. t. 51); Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 131 A. P. concinna, Hew. in Mag. of Nat. Hist. N. Ser. (1838).— Jamaica. ** Vernation fasciculate ; caudex erect, simple, rarely ccespitose. f Fronds pinnate ; pinnce pinnatifid, the lower pair more or less bipartite or pinnate. 10. P. glauco-virens, Linden's Cat. (1858) (name only). — Tropical America. 11. P. pungens, Willd{; (Plum. Fil. 1. 13).— Tropical America. 12. P. felosma, J. 8m. En. Fil. Hort. Kew. (1846).— Jamaica. 13. P. sulcata, Link ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 5.— Brazil. 14. P. pyrophylla, Blume.— Java. 15. P. quadriaurita, Retz. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 134 B.— East Indies. 16. P. argyrea, Moore ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 10. P. qua- driaurita,— var. argyrea, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5183, in part. — East Indies. 17. P. tricolor, Linden, Hort. Lind. t. 12 ; Lowe's Neiv Ferns, t. 9. Pteris quadriaurita,— var. tricolor, Hook Bot. Mag. t. 5183, in part. — East Indies. AN ENUMEKATION OF CULTIVATED TEENS. 191 18. P. aspercaulis, Wall. ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 8. P. pecti- nata, Don, — var. rubro-nervia. P. rubro-nervia, Linden. — East Indies. 19. P. flabellata, Thunb. — South Africa. 20. P. arguta, Ait ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 41. P. allosora, Link. P. palustris, Poir. Mongonia palustris, Presl. — Madeira. 21. P. Kingiana, Endl. ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 46.— Norfolk Island. 22. P. tremula, E. Br.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 120 B; Lowers Ferns, 3, t. 45. P. chrysocarpa, Link. — Australia and New Zealand. 23. P. lata, Link ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 6.— Brazil. 24. P. paleacea, Eoxb. in Beatson's Fl. of St. Helena, p. 349 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 186.— St. Helena. ft Fronds tripartitely branched, deltoid, generally qu adripinnate. 25. P. deflexa, Link,Enum. Hort. Berol— Tropical America. 26 P. decussata, /. 8m. Enum. Fil. Philipp. (1841). P. patens, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, p. 177, t. 137.— Ceylon, Luzon. 27. P.laciniata, Willd.; Presl, Pterid. t. 5,/. 23; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, 1. 132 B.— West Indies. 28. P. Gheisbeghtii, J. Sm. Lonchitis Gheisbeghtii, Linden, Cat. — Tropical America. *** Yernation uniserial, distant, sarmentose. f Sarmentwm slender, epigceous. 29. P. scaberula, A. Eich ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 93 A ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, 1. 10.— New Zealand. ff Sarmentum thick, fleshy, hypogceous. 30. P. aquilina, Linn.; Schk. Fil. t. 95 et 96; Eng. Bot. t. 1679 ; J&mtSZ. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 44 ; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 38; Hook. Brit. Ferns, 38 — Tropical and Temperate Zones of both Hemispheres, 192 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 31. P. esculenta, Forst.; Sclik. Fil. t. 97.— Australia and New Zealand. 97. LITOBROCHIA, Presl ; J. 8m. Vernation fasciculate and erect or decumbent, or uniserial and sarmentose. Fronds smooth, pinnate or bi-tripinnate, 1—8 feet high ; ultimate pinnae sinuose-lobed or pinnatifid. Veins elevated ; only the lower venules anastomosing, or the Genus 97.— Fertile pinna, under side. No. 7. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 193 whole uniform reticulated. Receptacles marginal, transversely- continued in the axis of a linear marginal indusium, consti- tuting a linear continuous or interrupted sorus. * Vernation erect, caudex undefined, generally ccespitose. 1. L. denticulata, Presl. Pteris denticulata, 8w. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 28 ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 1. Pteria Brasiliensis, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 68 Us. — Brazil. 2. L. leptophylla, Fee. Pteris leptophylla, 8w.; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 47; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 23. Pteris spinulosa, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 70. Cheilanthes spinu- losa, Link, in Hort. Berol. — Brazil. 3. L. macilenta, J. Sm. Pteris macilenta, A. Rich. Fl. Nov. Zeal. t. 12.— New Zealand. ** Vernation sulsarmentose, epigceous. 4. L. grandifolia, J. Sm. Pteris grandifolia, Linn. (Plum. Fil. 1. 105) ; 8M. Fil. t. 89 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1. 113 B.— Tropical America. *** Vernation contiguous, decumbent, hypogceous. 5. L. polita, J. Sm. Pteris polita, Link. — Brazil. 6. L. comans, Presl. Pteris comans, Forst. ; Schk. Fil. t. 92. — Polynesian Islands. 7. L. macroptera, J. Sm. Pteris macroptera, Link. — Brazil. 8. L. Orizabae, J. 8m. Pteris Orizabee, Mart, et Gal. Fil. Mex. t. 13. P. apicalis, 8ieb. — Mexico. 9. L. spinulifera, J. Sm. Pteris spinulifera, Schum. — Tropical Western Africa. 10. L. Kunzeana, J. Sm. Pteris Kunzeana, Agardh. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, 1. 139 (excl. syn. Plum.). — Jamaica. 11. L. elata, Fee. Pteris elata, Agard.— Tropical America. **** Vernation fasciculate, erect, caudiciform, subarb orescent. 12. L. tripartita, /. 8m. Pteris tripartita, 8w. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 138 B. ? Pteris linearis, Poir. ? Pteris inter- media, Blume— East Indies, Java. 0 194 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 13. L. podophylla, Presl ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 55. Pteris podophylla, Sw. Lonchitis pedata, Linn.; Brown, Jam. t. 1. — West Indies. 14. L. biaurita, /. 8m. Pteris biaurita, Linn. ; (Plum. Fil. t. 15) ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, 'mt. 50. Campteria biaurita, Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 65 A. Pteris nemoralis, Willd. ; Wall, in part. — West Indies. ***** Vernation uniserial, distant ; sarmentum elongating, generally epigceous and hirsute-squamose. 15. L. vespertilionis, Presl. Pteris vespertilionis, Lalill. Nov. Soil. t. 245 ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 44. — Tropics and South Temperate Regions. 16. L. aurita, /. Sm. Pteris aurita, Slume ; Metten. Fil. Sort. Lips. t. 14. — Malay Islands. 98. DOBYOPTEBIS, /. 8m. ; Fee. (Pteridis sp., Auct.) Vernation fasciculate, erect, rarely uniserial sarmentose. Genus f)S. -Portion of mature frond, upper side. No. 3. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 195 • Fronds simple, cordate-hastate, palmate or bipinnate, smooth, opaque. Veins internal, reticulated. Receptacles transverse, marginal, continuous, in the axis of a linear, continuous . indusium. 1. D. sagittifolia, J. Sm. ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 36. Pteris sagittifolia, Badd. Fil Bras. t. 63, /. 1; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 39. Litobrochia sagittifolia, — var. alcyonis, Gard. Chron. 1863.— Brazil. •2. D. pedata, J. Sm. Pteris pedata, Linn. ; (Plum. Fil. 1. 152) ; Lang, et Fiscli. Ic. Fil. t. 20 ; 8chk. Fil. 1. 100; Badd. Fil. Bras. t. 65, /. 3 et t. 66 B. ; Hook. Sot. Mag. t. 3247 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 34.— Brazil. 3. D. palmata, /. 8m. Gen. Fil. (1841). Pteris palmata, Wittd., var. lata, Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 22.— Tropical America. 4. D. collina, /. 8m. ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 38. Pteris collina, Badd. Fil. Bras. t. 65, — var. nobilis, Moore.— Tropical America. 99. LONCHITIS, Linn. Vernation fasciculate, erect, subarboreous. Fronds bi-tripin- nate, villose, 2-6 feet long, the ultimate pinnae sinuose-pinna- Genus 99 -Portion of barren and fertile fronds, natural size. No. 1. 02 196 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN. tifid. Veins costaeform, pinnate ; venules anastomosing, forming irregular hexagonoid areoles. Sporangia produced on the apices of 4-5 venules, converging in the sinus of the laciniae, forming an arcuate sorus in each sinus. Indusium linear, lunulate. 1. L. Lindeniana, Hook. 8p. Fil 2, t. 89 .4.— Tropical America. 2. L. pubescens, Willd. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 68 A.— Mauritius. TRIBE VIIL— BLECHNE^l. 8ori intramarginal, medial or costal, transverse oblong linear, continuous or interrupted. Indusium lateral, linear, exteriorly attached, plane or vaulted, rarely obsolete. Fronds uniform, or the fertile contracted. 100. BLECHNUM, Linn.; Presl. Vernation fasciculate, erect, caudiciform or csespitose. Fronds simple, pinnatifid or pinnate, from a few inches to 4—6 feet high ; pinnae adherent or articulated with the rachis. Veins forked ; the sterile venules free, or their apices thickened and forming a cartilaginous margin ; the fertile veins combined near their base by a transverse, continuous, sporangiferous receptacle, constituting a linear, costal, or rarely extra-costal sorus. Indu- sium linear, plane. * Apices of the venules free. f Sori costal. (Blechnum, Presl.) 1. B. Lanceola, 8w. ; Lodd. Cab. (1592) ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3240 ; Kunze, Fil. t. 57, /. 1 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 970. B. lanceolatum, Eadd. Fil. Bras., t. 60, /. 3. B. tri- foliatum, Kaulf. — Brazil. 2. B. polypodioides, Eadd. Fil. Bras. t. 60, /. 2; Kunze, Fil t. 58, /. 1 ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 34.— Brazil. AN ENUMEEATTON OF CULTIVATED FEENS. 197 3. B. glandulosum, Lmk; -KattZ/. (™n Kunze}.— -Brazil. 1 4. B. cognatum, PresZ. B. glandulosum, &«se, m *. 58, /. 2.— Tropical America. Genus 100. — Pinna of barren frond, under side. No. 13. Genus 1 00. —Fertile pinna, under side. No. 17 . 5 B. triangulare, Link. B. triangulatum, J. Sm.; Lowe's Ferns, 4, /. 35.— Tropical America. 6. B. occidentale, Linn.; (Plum. Fil *.J 62); Jay, Ic.Rar. t 644 ; Hoolc. Gen. Fil t. 54 ; Badd. Fil. Broj. t. 53 ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 39. B. conjugatum, ^o^.- America. 198 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 7. B.gracile, Kaulf.; Lodd. Cab.t. (1905); Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. db.— Tropical America. 8. B. longifolium, H. B. K.; Hook. Sot. Mag. 2818; Hook. bp. Fil. t. 154 ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 37.— Tropical America. 9. B. campylotis, /. 8m. Lomaria campylotis, Kunze — Tropical America. 10. B. intermedium, Link; Kunze, Fil. t. 67, f. 2.— Tropical America. 11. B. fraxineum, Willd. B. latifolium, Jforife.— Tropical America. ft Sori extra-costal. (Mesothema, Presl.) 12. B. hastatum, Kaulf. Lomaria hastata, Kunze, Fil. t. 55 /. 1. — Chili. ** Apices of the venules thickened, forming a cartilaginous margin. (Blechnopsis, Presl.) t Pinnae adherent. 13. B. Brasiliense, Desv. ; Hook. Sp. Fil 2, t. 157. B. Cor- covadense, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 61.— Brazil. 14. B. striatum, R. Br. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 159. B. stra- mmeum, Labill.— Australia and Philippine Islands. 15. B. laevigatum, Cav.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t. 160— New South Wales. 16. B. cartilagineum, Sw. ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Leip. t. 5 ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 42.— Australia. 17. B. orientale, Linn.; Schk. Fil. t. 109; Hook. Fxot. Fil. t. 77 ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 40. B. latifolium, Presl.— East Indies, Malay Islands. ft Pinnce articulated with the rachis. 18. B. sermlatum, Rich. ; Schk. Fil. 1. 108; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 43. B. calophyllum, Lang, et Fiscli. Ic, Fil. t. 23.' B. angustifolium, Willd. B. stagninum, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 62. — Tropical America. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FEENS. 199 101. DOODIA, R.Br. Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds pinnatifid or subpiimate, the fertile sometimes subcontracted ; segments serrate or spinulose. Veins forked, the lower venules transversely anastomosing and sporan- J giferous. Receptacles medial, elongated, consti- tuting one, or sometimes two, transverse rows ot oblong, straight, or arcuate sori. Induwum plane. 1 D. aspera, R. Br. ; SooTc. Exot. Fil t. 8 Hoolc. Gen. Fil. t. 54 ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 30. — Australia. 2 D blechnoides, A. Cunn. ; Metten. Fil. Sort. Leip. t. 6, /. 3. D. maxima, Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 32 ; J. Sm. in Loud. Sort. Brit. — Australia. 3 D. lunulata, R.Br. in Herb. Brit. Mus.; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 31 B. — New Zealand. 4. D. caudata, R. Br. ; Soolc. Exot. Fil. t 26 ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 31 A. D. rupestns, ^.nus 101.- ?. Australia. under side. No. 1 . 5 D linearis. Vernation fasciculate, erect, becoming csespi- tose. Fronds linear, 6-10 inches long; the sterile sinuose-pinnatifid below, subentire above; the fertile linear, anfractose, rachiform, erect. D. caudata, var. confmens, Sort.— New Caledonia. (G. Moore.} 6. D. dives, Kunze, Fil. 1. 105.— Ceylon. 102. LOMABIA, Willd. Vernation uniserial and sarmentose, or fasciculate, erect, c^spitose, or sometimes subarboreous. Fronds simple pinna- tifid! or ^innate, rarely bipinnatifid, 1-3 feet ^h the fer lie always contracted. Veins (of the sterile frond) forked ; venules free, their apices usually clavate ; fertile segments rachiform, 200 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. veins obsolete, or more or less evident, and by their contiguity forming a broad, transverse, continuous, sporangiferous recep- Genus 102.— Fertile pinna, under side. No. 22. Genus 102. — Barren pinna, No. 22. tacle, the sporangia becoming confluent over the whole disc of the segment. Indusium linear, sub-intramarginal, vaulted and revolute. * Fronds simple or pinnatifid. 1. L. Patersoni, Spreng. ; Kumze, Fil. t. 34 ; Hook. Fil Exot. t. 49 ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 50. Stegania Patersoni R. Br. — Australia. 2. L. lanceolata, Spreng. ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 429 ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 61. Stegania lanceolata, E. Br. — Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, South America. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 201 3. L. blechnoides, Bory ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 11.— Chili. 4. L. L'Herminieri, Bory ; Kunze, Fil. t. 73 ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 40 ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 63. — Tropical America. 3. L. nuda, Willd. ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 51. Onoclea nuda, Labill. Nov. Holl. t. 246. Stegania nuda, B. Br.— Tasmania. 6. L. discolor, Willd. ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 65. Hemionitis discolor, Schk. Fil. t. 6. — New Zealand. L. vulcanica, Blume ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 969 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 12.— Java, Fiji and South Pacific Islands, Tas- mania, New Zealand. 8. L. attenuata, Willd. Onoclea attenuata, Sw. Blechnum attenuatum, Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 3, /. 1-6. — Brazil. 9. L. elongata, Blume. Lomaria Colensoi, Hook. fil. Ic. PI. t. 627-628 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 3.— New Zealand. 10. L. onocleoides, Spreng. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1. 146. Blechnum onocleoides, Sw. — "West Indies and Tropical America. 11. L. gibba, Labill. Sert. Aust. Caled. t. 4-5. — New Caledonia. 12. L. alpina, Spreng.; Hook. fil. Fl. Antarct. 1. 150; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 32 ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 52. Stegania alpina, B. Br. Lomaria antarctica, Carm. — Tasmania, New Zealand, Magellan. H. 13. L. Spicant, Desv. Osmunda Spicant, Linn. Blechnum Spicant, Sw. ; Lindl. and Moore's Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 43. Blechnum boreale, Sw. ; 8m. Eng. Bot. 1. 1159 ; Schk. Fil. t. 110 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 40.— Europe, Madeira, North America. 14. L. Banksii, Hook. fil. Fl. Nov. Zeal. t. 76.— New Zealand. 15. L. nigra, Col. Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 960 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 35. — New Zealand. 16. L. fluviatilis, 8pr. ; Hook. fil. Fl. t. 167. Stegania fluviatilis, B. Br. Lomaria rotundifolia, Raoul, PI. Nov. Zel. t. 2 B. — Tasmania and New Zealand. 202 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 17. L. australis, Link. Blechnum australe, Linn.; Schk. Fil. t. ^110 B ; Mett. Fil. Sort. Lips. i. 3, /. 7. Lomaria pumila, Kaulf. — South Africa. 18. L. punctulata, Kunze ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 53. Blectmum punctulatum, Sw. ; SclilecU. Adumb. t. 21, 22, /. 2, — ft Krebsii, J. Sm. Scolopendrium Krebsii, Kunze, Fil. t. 74 ; Hook. Sot. Mag. t. 4768 ; /. 8m. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1st Ed. p. 49 (abnormal form). Lomaria Australis, Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 57, 58. Lomaria densa, Kaulf. — South Africa. 19. L. Gilliesii, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 207.— Chili. 20. L. minor, Spreng. — Tasmania. 21. L. procera, Spreng.; Hook.Ic. PL t. 127,128 ; Hook. fil. Fl. Nov. Zel. t. 75. Osmunda procera, Forst. Blech- num procerum, Labill. Nov. Holl. t. 247. — Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Polynesia. 22. L. Capensis, Willd. Onoclea Capensis, Linn. Blechnum Capense, SclilecU. Adumb. t. 18.— South Africa. 23. L. gigantea, Kaulf.; Schlecht. Adumb. t. 20-22, /.I.— South Africa. 24. L. striata, Willd. Onoclea striata, 8w. Lomaria Chi- lensis, Kaulf; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 64 B. L. tuberculata, /. 8m. Cat. Fil. Hort. Kew (1856).— Tropical America. 25. L. cycadifolia, Linden (Colla).— Chili. 26. L. Boryana, Willd. Onoclea Boryana, Sw. Pteris osmundoides, Lory, Itin. 2, t. 32. L. Magellanica, Desv. ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 52. L. robusta, Carm. L. zamioides, Gardn. L. cinnamomea, Kaulf. L. setigera, Gaud. L. obtusifolia, Presl. Blechnum (Lomaria) Boryana, Schlecht. Adwrib. 1. 19.— Bourbon, South Africa, Brazil, Tierra del Fuego. *** Fronds bipinnatifid. 27. L. Fraseri, A. Cunn. ; Hook. Ic. PI. 1. 185.— New Zealand. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 203 103. BRAINEA, J. 8m. (Bowringia, Hook, non Champ.) Vernation fasciculate, erect ; caudex arboreous, 2-4 feet high. Fronds pinnate, rarely sub-bipinnate, 1-3^ feet long ; pinnae linear-lanceolate, 4-6 inches long, subsessile, base truncate Genus 103.— Fertile pinna, underside. No. 1. Genus 103. — Barren pinna, underside. No. i. above, auriculated below, margin crenate-serrulate. Veins flabellately forked, free exteriorly ; the lower venules angularly anastomosing, forming a costal row of oblique, cuneiform areoles. Sporangia produced on the transverse anastomoses 204 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN, and bases of the free venules, confluent, constituting a broad, continuous or sub-interrupted, transverse, naked sorus. 1. B. insignis, /. 8m. Cat. Fit. Hort. Kew (1856) ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 49. Bowringia insignis, Hook. Journ. Bot. and Kew Miscell. v. 5, L 2. — Hong-kong and Khasia, East Indies. 104. WOODWAKDIA, 8m. Vernation fasciculate, decumbent. Fronds bipinnatifid, 4-6 Genus 104.— Fertile pinna. No. 1. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED TEENS. 205 feet long. Veins reticulated, or the exterior venules free ; the costal anastomoses transverse, elongated, and sporangiferous. Receptacles elongated, medial, constituting a costal row of oblong, linear, contiguous son. Sporangia immersed. Indu- sium vaulted, revolute. 1. W. radicans, 8m. ; Sclik. Fil. 1. 112 ; Hook. Gen.Fil. 1. 17 ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 44. Blechnum radicans, Linn. "Woodwardia stans, Sw. j3 confluens. Woodwardia confluens, Hort. — South Europe, North India, Madeira, California. 2. W. orientalis, Sw. W. Fortunei, Hort. Angl. — Japan and China. 3. W. Japonica, Siv. Blech- num Japonicum, Linn. ; Thunb. Fl Jap. t. 35. — Japan and China. 105. ANCHISTEA, Presl. Vernation uniserial ; sar mentum hypogasous. Fronds bipinnatifid, 1-2 feet high. Veins flabellately forked, free exteriorly ; the lower venules transversely anastomosing and sporangiferous. Receptacles elongated, medial. Sori oblong, contiguous, in a continuous costal row. Indusium linear, plane. 1. A. Virginica, Presl. Blechnum Yirgini- cum, Linn. Wood- wardiaVirginica, 8m.; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips.t.6,f. 1,2-, Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 45. — North America."' T. Genus 105.— Fertile pinna, under side. No. 1. 206 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 106. ONOCLEA, L. Vernation uniserial, distant ; sarmentum hypogseous. Sterile fronds sub-bipinnatifid ; veins reticulated. Fertile fronds bipinnate ; veins free ; pinnules contracted, sessile ; margins conniving, forming unilateral spikes (pinnae) of globose, bac- ciform segments, each com- pactly filled with, sporangia, which rise from four to six punctiform, medial receptacles. Special indusium lateral, very membranous. 1. O. sensibilis, Lin. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 102 ; Hook. Gen.Filt.S2; Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 1. Ono- clea obtusiloba, Sclik. Fil. t. 103. — North America. Genus 106.— Pinna of barren frond. No. 1. 107. LORINSEEIA, Presl; Fee. Vernation uniserial, sarmentum hypogceous. Fronds distant, sinuose-pinnatifid or subpinnate, 1-1^ foot high, the fertile contracted. Veins of the sterile frond uniform reticulated ; fertile segments rachiform, costal anastomoses trans- verse-elongated, sporangiferous. Receptacles elongated , medial. Sori linear, contiguous' in a costal row. Indusium vaulted, involute, be- Genus 107.— Barren coming reflexed. phinaNo.Dider "^ AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FEENS. 207 1 L areolata, Presl. Acrostichum areolatum, Linn. Wood- wardia areolata, Lowe's Ferns, 4, i. 46. Woodwardia angustifolia, 8m. ; Metten. Fil Sort. Lips. t. 6,/ 6 7. Woodwardia onocleoides, Willd. W. Moridana, Bckk, Fil. t. 111.— North America. T. 108. STENOCHLJENA, J". 8m. Vernation uniserial, distant ; sarmentum elongated, scandent, Genus 108.— Barren pinna. No. 3. Genus 108.— Portion of fertile frond, natural size. No. 1. 208 FEENS : BRITISH AND FOEEIGN. smooth. Fronds of two forms, 2-3 feet long, the sterile pinnate, the fertile contracted, pinnate or bipinnate ; pinnae articulated with the rachis. Veins rising from an obscure, transverse vein continuous with, and close to, the costa; venules direct, their apices clavate, united, forming a pellucid, cartilaginous, spinulose margin ; fertile segments linear, rachiform, margin membrana- ceous, revolute, indusiform. Sporangiferous receptacle linear, continuous; sporangia confluent. * Fertile fronds pinnate. 1. S. heteromorplia, J. 8m. Stenochlasna heteromorpha, J. 8m. Gen. Fil. (1841). Lomaria filiformis, A. Cunn. ; Hook. 8p. Fil. 3, 1. 149. Lomaria propinqua, A. Cunn. — New Zealand. 2. S. scandens, J". 8m. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 105 B. Aero- stichum scandens, Linn. Onoclea scandens, Linn. Herb.; Schk. Fil. 1. 106. Lomaria scandens, Willd.— East Indies and Malayan Islands. ** Fertile fronds bipinnate. 3. S. Meyeriana, J. 8m.; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 47, 48. Lo- maria Meyeriana, Kunze. Lomariobotrys Meyeriana, Fee. Stenochlaena tenuifolia, T.Moore. ? Lomaria tenuifolia, Desv. StenochlaBna scandens, Hort. Acro- stichum Meyerianum, Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 16. — South Africa. 109. SALPICHL^INA, /. 8m. Vernation subfasciculate, decumbent. Fronds bipinnate, Genus 10Q. — Portion of barren and fertile pinna, natural size. No. l. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 209 flexuose, climbing to an indefinite height ; pinnae 1-2 feet long, adherent. Veins forked; venules combined by a transverse marginal vein, and in the fertile also near their base^ by a transverse, continuous, sporangiferous receptacle, forming a linear costal sorus. Indusium revolute, vaulted, cylindrical, sporangiferous along its base. 1. S. volubile, /. 8m. in Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 93. Blechnum volubile, Kaulf. ; Kunze, Anal. t. 13 ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, 1. 15. Blechnum scandens, Bory, in Dup. Voy. t. 36.— Tropical America. TRIBE IX.-ASPLENIE.S3. Sori oblong or linear, oblique to the midrib or axis of vena- tion. Furnished with a plane or vaulted lateral indusium. 110. ASPLENIUM, Itirm. Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent, rarely uniserial sarmentose. Fronds varying from simple-entire to decompound, and from a few inches to 2-6 feet high, generally smooth. Ferns rayed, forked, or pinnate ; venules free, sporangiferous ^ on. the superior side. 'Sori simple, oblong, or linear. Indusium plane or vaulted. § 1. ASPLENITJM VERUM. — Indusium plane. 1. Lanceum group. Vernation uniserial, sarmentum slender. Fronds distant, linear-lanceolate, 1-1% foot long. Sori simple, anti or opposite linate. (Triblemma.) 1. A. lanceum, Thunb. Ic. Plant. Jap. Dec. 11, t. 18. A. subsi- nuatum, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 27. Diplazium lan- ceum, Presl. Scolopendrium dubium, Don. — India, China, Japan. 2. Serratum group. Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds simple, broad, elliptical, or lanceolate, 1-2 feet long. (Phyllitis.) 2. A. serratum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 124) ; ScTik. Fil. t. 64 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 70.— Tropical America. p 210 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 3. A. crenulatum, Presl. A. Nidus, Eadd. Fil Bras. t. 53 (nonl/inn.). A. Brasiliense, Hort. (non Sw.) ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, 1. 14 B. — Tropical America. 4. A. sinuatum, Beauv. PL d'Oware, 2, t. 79 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. 1. 16.— West Tropical Africa. Genus 110. — Fertile pinna, underside. No. 69. 5. A. stipitatum, J. Sm. Neotopteris stipitata, /. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857). Asplenium squamulatum, vwr. (3 Smithii, Hook. Sp. Fil p. 83.— East Indies. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FEKNS. 211 3. Palmatum group. Vernation decumbent, sulfasciculate. Fronds palmately lobed. 6 A Hemionitis, Linn.; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4911. A. pal- maturn, Lam. ; Schk. Fil t. 66 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. 868 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 6, ft var. cristata, Oard. Gliron (Jany. 1865), Garden Sport.— South Europe, North Africa, Madeira. 4. Trichomanes group. Vernation fasciculate, generally becoming caspitose. Fronds pinnate, rarely pinnatifid only, linear, 3-12 mches lonj ; pmnce short, often dimidiate, with the costa excentric. (Asplemu verum.) a. Fronds pinnatifid. 7 A alternans, Wall. ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 38. A. Dal- housise, Hook. Ic. PI 1. 105.— East Indies. b. Fronds pinnate. 8 A. Trichomanes, Linn. ; Bolt. Fil. t. 13 ; Eng Bot t. 576; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 30 ; Lindl and Moore s Brit. Ferns \ 39 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 22. A. anceps, Soland. ; Hook, et Gr&v. Ic. Fil. t. 195. A. melano- caulon, Willd. Var. incisum, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 39 D, E ; Schk. Fil. t. 74, /. Var. cristatum, Moore; Lindl and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 39 H. Var. depauperatum, Wollast. ; Lindl and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 39 G. Far.multifidum,lfoore,- Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 39 G. Var. ramosum, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 39 F. Europe, Madeira, South Africa, North India, Australia, North America. P 2 212 FEENS: BEITISH AND FOEEIGN. 9. A. ebeneum, AH. ; Lodd. Sot. Gal. t. 5 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 2. A. polypoides, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 73. — North America. 10. A. monantbemum, Linn. ; Sm. Ic. ined. t. 73 ; Lodd. Sot. Cab. 1. 1700 ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 9, /. 7, 8 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 1 A. — Tropical and Sub-tropical America, South Africa, Madeira. 11. A. Petrarchse, De Cand. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 152 ; Lowe's Ferns, t. 5, 38 A, and var. lata, 38 B. — South of Europe. 12. A. formosum, Willd.; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 16; Lowe's Ferns. 5, t. 43 B. A. subalatum,- Hook, et Arn. Beech Voy. t. 71. — Tropical America. 13. A. Brasiliense, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 51, /. 1. A. dimidiatum, Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 13 A. — Tropical America. 14. A. tenellum, Roxb. in Beat. St. Helena. A. reclinatum, Moore et Houlst.; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 13 B ; J. Sm. , Cat. (1857). A. erectum, — var. proliferum, Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 72. A. radicans, Frit. Cat. St. Helena, PL— St. Helena. T. 15. A. erectum, Bory, in Willd. Schlecht. Adum. t. 15. A. dentax, Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 43 A. — Islands of the Indian Ocean, South Africa. 5. Auriculatum group. Vernation fasciculate, erect, coespitose. Fronds pinnate; pinnae 1—2 inches in length, generally having a more or less evident lobe or auricle on the superior edge of their base. (Asplenium verum.) 16. A. hastatum, Klotzsch. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, 1. 172. A. fra- grans, Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 88. A. odoratum, Moore. — Venezuela. 17. A. salicifolium, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 60); Radd. Fil Bras. t. 50. — Tropical America, West Indies. 18. A. compressum, 8w.; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 76; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 16. A. foecundum, 'Kunz. — St. Helena. 19. A. obtusifolium, Linn. (Plum. Ml. t. 67) ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 239.— West Indies. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 213 20. A. marinum, Linn. ; Eng. Bot. t. 392 ; Schk. Fil. t. 68 ; Hook. Fl. Lond. 4, t. 60 ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 38 ; Sowerly's Ferns, t. 29 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 23 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, £.31. A. leetum, Hort. ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 21 A (not of Sw.}. — Europe, Madeira. Var. arcutum, Moore. Var. crenatum, Moore; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 38 G. Var. trapeziforme, Suds. Var. ramosum, Wollast. ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 38 E. Var. subpinnatum, Moore. — Europe, Madeira. 21. A. elongatum, Sw. Asplenium productum, Presl, Reliq. Hcenk. t. S,f. 1.— Ceylon. 22. A. firmum, Kunze; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t. 174. A. cultri- folium, Hort. — Tropical America. 2~A. pumilum, Sw. (Plum. Fil. t. 66 A} ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 31 B. — Tropical America. 24. A. dentatum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. 1. 101,/. C) ; Hook, et Grev- Ic. Fil. t. 72.— West Indies. 25. A. pulcheUum, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 52, / 2. /3 Otites, Metten. Asplenium Otites, Link. ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 9, /. 1-4. A. pulchellum, Hort. ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 31 A— Brazil. 26. A. alatum, Humb. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 137 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 12 B. — Tropical America. 6. Lucidum group. Fronds pinnate ; pinnce generally oblique, cuneiform at the lose. (Asplenium verum.) 27. A. lucidum, Forst. ; Schk. Fil. t. 72 ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 13, /. 12.— New Zealand. 28. A. heterodon, Blume; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 8, /. l-'2 ; Lowe's New Ferns, i. 3. — Java. 29. A. gemmifemm, Schrad. A. lucidum, Schlecht. FiL t. 14 A.— South Africa. 214 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 30. A. emarginatmn, Beam. Fl. d'Oware, 2, /. 61 ; Hook. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 78 (letterpress 80).— West Africa. 31. A. obtusatum, Forst. ; ScJik. Fil t. 68 ; LaUll. Nov. Holl. t. 242, /. 2; (3. difforme, J. 8m.; Hook. Fil. Exot. t.46; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 5 B. A. difforme, B. Br. Asplenium consimile, Remy, in Gay. Ohil. — Chili, Tasmania, New Zealand. 32. A. obliquum, Forst. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 71 ; Labill. Nov. Holl t. 242, /. 1.— Polynesia. 33. A. oligophyllum, Kaulf. — Brazil. 7. Flaccidum group. Vernation fasciculate, decumbent, or erect. Fronds pinnate, bipinnate, or decompound ; segments bifidly laciniated ; lacinice unisorous or linear. (Darea of Willd. Csenopteris, Berg.) 34. A. brachypteron, Kunze ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 44 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 15 jE?. — Sierra Leone. 35. A. prolongation, Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 209 ; 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 42. — Ceylon. 36. A. rutsefolium, Presl. Darea rutaefolia, 8m. — South Africa. 37. A. lineatum, Sw. a. Fronds simply pinnate. A. plu- mosum, Bory ; fi. bipinnatum ; fronds bipinnatifid or bipinnate. Darea insequalis, Willd. Asplenium in- aequale, Kunze. Darea bifida, Kaulf. A. bifidum, Presl. ; J. 8m. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857).— Mauritius. 38. A. Belangeri, Kunze; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 41 ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 13, /. 1-2 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 5 A. Darea Belangeri, Bory. Asplenium scandens, Hort. Asplenium Yeitchianum, Moore. — Java. 39. A. flaccidum, Forst. ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, 1. 19. Csenopteris flaccida, Thunb. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 82. Caenopteris Odontites, Thunb. ; Sw. Asplenium Odontites, R. Br. Caenopteris Nbvse-Zelandias, Spreng. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 82.— New Zealand and Tasmania. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED PERNS. 215 40. A. bulbiferum, Forst. ; Schk. Fil. t. 79 ; Hook. Ic. PI t. 423 ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 13, f. 10-11 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 11. — New Zealand. 41. A. Fabianum, Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. t. 3, Us. Caenopteris Fabiana, Bory. Asplenium fceniculaceum, Hort. (non H. et B.). — Mauritius, Australia, Pacific Islands. 42. A. appendiculatum, Ldbill.; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 18. Csenopteris appendiculata, Labill. Nov. Holl. 2, t. 243. Asplenium laxum, R. Br. ; Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. t. 3,/. 1. — Australia, Tasmania. 43. A. Bichardi, Hook. fit. Nov. Zeal. A. adiantoides, — var. Eichardi, Hook. fit. in Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 977. A. adiantoides, — var. Colensoi, Hook. fil. in Hook. Ic. Plant. 984. A. Colensoi, Hook, fil.— New Zealand. 44. A. Hookerianum, Colenso. A. adiantoides, Raoul. (non Radd.). A. adiantoides, — var. minus, Hook. fil. in Hook. Ic. PL t. 983.— New Zealand. 45. A. dimorphum, Kunze; Hook. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 36. A. diversifolium, A. Cunn. (non Blume) ; Lowe's Ferns 5, t. 17.— Norfolk Island. 46. A. viviparum, Presl ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 64 ; Lowe's Ferns, t. 9. Caenopteris vivipara, Sw. — Mauritius. 8. Rhizophorum group. Vernation fasciculate, ccespitose, or erect and solitary. Fronds pinnate or bi-tripinnate, the apex often long, caudate, flagelliform and viviparous; segments small, unisorous. (Darea, Willd.) 47. A. viride, Huds. ; Schk. Fil. t. 73 ; Eng. Bot. t. 2257 ; Lindl. and ^Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 40; Sowerby's Ferns,t.3I ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 30 ; — var. multifidum Moore; Liwdl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 400. — Europe, North India. T. 48. A. fontanum, Bernh. ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 35 A ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 34; Sowerby's Ferns t. 26. Polypodium fontanum, Linn. Aspidium fon- tanum, 8w. ; Schk. Fil. t. 53 ; Eng. Bot. t. 2024. Aspidium Halleri, Willd. Asplenium Halleri, Spreng. ft refractum. Asplenium refractum, Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, sub t. 35 A ; Lowe's Ferns, t. 35 A. — Europe, North India. T. 216 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 49. A. flabellifolium, Gav. ; Sw. Syn. Fil. t. 3, /. 2 ; Lodd. Sot. Gab. 1. 1567 ; Hook. Ex. Fl. t. 208 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 1 B. — Australia, Tasmania. 50. A. obtusilobum, Hook. Ic. Plant. 1000. — Fiji Islands. 51. A. cicutarium, Sw. (Plum. Fil. t. 48 A); Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 6 ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 13, /. 3-9 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 20. Darea cicutaria, Sin. Asplenium dissectum, Link. — Tropical America. 52. A. myriophyllum, Presl, Reliq. Hcenk. Caenopteris myriophylla, Sw. A. cicutarium, /. Sm. Cat. (1857) ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 201 (non Linn.). — West Indies, Tropical America. 53. A. divaricatum, Kunze ; Schk. Fil. Supp. t. 139. A. flabellulatum, Hort. — Peru. 54. A. rhizophorum, Linn. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t. 187 A. A. radicans, Sw. ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 12 B — a. var. bipin- natum, Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 187 C, b. A. cyrtopteron, Kunze ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 187 B ; Metten. Fil. Hort. •Lips. t. 10, /. 3-4. — Venezuela and Jamaica. 55. A. cirrh.atum, Rich. ; Willd. A. Karstenianum, Klot. A. comptum, Moore et Houlst. — Tropical America. 56. A. rachirhizon, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 56; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 34. — Tropical America. 57. A. pinnatifidum, Nutt. ; Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 972 ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. 1. 10, /. 1, 2 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 4 B. —United States. 9. Adiantum nigrum group. Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. Fronds bi-tripinnate ; ultimate segments or lacinice with two or more sori. (Tarachea, Presl.) 58. A. Adiantum-nigrum, Linn. ; Bolt. Fil. 1. 17 ; Schk. Fil. t. 80; Eng. Bot. t. 1950; Lindl-._ and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 36 ; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 28 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 28 -33 ; Lowe's Ferns, t. 25.— Europe, South Africa, Madeira, North India. AN ENUMEEATION OF CULTIVATED FEBNS. 217 59. A. lanceolatum, Huds. ; Eng. Sot. t. 240 ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 35 B ; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 27 ; Lowe's Ferns, t. 26 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 32 ; — var. microdon, Moore; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 11 B. — Europe. 60. A. acutum, Bory. A. adiantum-nigrum, — var. acutum, Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 37. A. pro- ductum, B. T. Lowe. — South Europe, Madeira. 61. A. auritum, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 130 B ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 32. — Tropical America. 62. A. dispersum, Kunze ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 9, /. 5, 6. A. bipartitum, Link. A. bissectum, Hort. — Tropical America. 63. A. macilentum, Kunze. A. auritum, — var. obtusum, Kunze ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. S,f. 3-6.— Tropical America. 64. A. fragrans, Sw. (non Hook.}. A. planicaule, Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 10 (non Wall.). — Jamaica. 65. A. Mexicanum, Mart, et Gal. Fil. Mex. t. 15, /. 4. A foeniculaceum, J. 8m. Cat. (1857) (non H. et B.).— Mexico. 10. Falcatum group. Vernation fasciculate, erect, or decumbent. Fronds pinnate ; pinnce 1—6 inches long, lanceolate or elliptical, acuminate or sub- deltoid, entire, serrated, or erosely laciniated ; angle of venation generally acute with the costce. (Tarachia, Presl.) 66. A. attenuatum, R.Br.; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. f. 220; Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 914 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 35 B.— New South Wales, Queensland. 67. A. longissimum, Blume ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, 1. 190. — Java, Malacca, Mauritius. 68. A. nitens, Sw.; Hook. Sp.Fil. 3, 195. A. macriophyllum, /. 8m. Cat. (1857) (non Sw.) ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 42.— Mauritius. 69. A. serra, Lang, et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 19 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 8.— Brazil. ••' 218 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 70. A. polyodon, Forst. ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 33 B. — New Zealand. 71. A. falcatum, Lam. Tfichomanes adiantoides, Linn. ; Burm. Fl. Zey. t. 43.— Tropics. 72. A. caudatum, Forst. ; Schk. Fil. t. 77 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 44. — Polynesia. 73. A. paleaceum, R. Br. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 199.— Tropical North-east Australia. 11. Erosum group. Vernation fasciculate, generally ccespitose, rarely subsarmen- tose. Fronds bi-tripinnate, decompound, rarely linear or simply forked ; segments rarely otherwise than cuneiform, with erose apices. Venation often flabellate, the costa being obsolete or evanescent. (Tarachia, Presl.) 74. A. septentrionale, Schk. Fil. t. 65; Eng. Bot. t. 1017; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 41 C ; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 34; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 3 A; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 26. Acrostichum septentrionale, Linn. ; Bolt. Fil. t. 8. Acropteris septentrionalis, Link (1833). Amesimn septentrionale, Newm. — Europe, North India. T. 75. A. Germanicum, Weis. ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 41 B ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 27. A. alternifolium, Wulf. Jacq. Misc. t. 5,/. 2; /. Sm. Cat. Ferns (1857) ; Eng. Bot. t. 2259 ; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 33. A. Breynii, Eetz. ; Schk. Fil. t. 81.— Europe. T. 76. A. Seelosii, Leibold. Flora (1855), t. 15 ; Hook. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 26; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 175. — South Tyrol. T. 77. A. Kuta-nmraria, Linn. ; Schk. Fil. t. 80 B ; Eng. Bot. t. 150; Bolt. Fil. t. 16; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 30; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 27 ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 41 A; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 32 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 28 ;— var. elatum, Moore, Nat. Print. FernsL oct. edit. t. 79,f.D. — Europe, North India. 78. A. cuneatum, Sloan. Jam. 1, t. 46, /. 2 ; Schk. Fil. t. 78.— Jamaica. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 219 79. A. prsemorsum, Sw. A. laceratum, Desv. A. cuneatum, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. 1. 189; (3 Canariense. A. Cana- riense, Willd. ; Webb. Phyt. Canar. 3, t. 251 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 25, /. 1-2-3. A. Maderense, Penny. — Mauritius, Tropical America, Madeira. 80. A. furcatum, Thunb. ; Schk. Fil. t. 79. A. praemorsum, Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 7. — South Africa, India, Madeira. 81. A. laserpitiifolium, Lam.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t. 203; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 13. — Malay Islands. 82. A. dimidiatum, Sw. A. zamiaefolium, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 852 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 33 A ; J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857) (non Willd.). — West Indies, Venezuela. 83. A. contiguum, Kaulf. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, 1. 194.— Ceylon. 84. A. erosum, Linn.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t. 198.— West Indies. 85. A. nitidum, Sw. ; SM. Fil. t. 81 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 18.— South Africa, East Indies. 12. Actiniopteris group. Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds stipitate, fldbellate, 6—8 indies high, rigid ; segments linear-rachiform. Veins radiating and dichotomous. 86. A. radiatum, Sw.; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 9756. Acropteris radiata, Fee. Actiniopteris radiata, Link; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 275.— India, Ceylon. § 2. Athyrice (Athyrium, Roth). — Indusium vaulted. 87. A. Filix-ftemina, Bernh. ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 35. Poly- podium Filix-foemina, Linn. Aspidium Filix-foemina, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 58, 59 ; Eng. Bot. t. 282. Athyrium Filix-foemina, Roth ; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 25 ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 30; — var. rhseticum, Lindl. and Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 31 A. Polypodium rhaeticum, Linncean Herb. Var. latifolium, Lindl. and Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 31 B. 220 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Var. marimim, Lindl. and Moore's Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 31 C. Var. polydactylon, Lmdl. and Moore's Nat. Print. Ferns, under t. 30. Var. nraltifidum, Lindl. and Moore's Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 33. Var. depauperatum, Lindl. and Moore's Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 34 B. Var. crispum, Lindl. and Moore's Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 34 A. A. (Filix-foemina), Hort. Var. corymbiferum, Moore, Hand-lie. Brit. Ferns, p. 145. Var. Yictoriae, Moore, Gard. Chron. (1864). — Temperate Eegions of Northern Hemisphere. 88. A. Michauxii, Spreng. ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 37. Nephro- dium Filix-fcemina, Michx. Aspidium angustum, Willd. Asplenium Athyrium, Spreng.; Sclik. Fil. t. 78. Nephrodium asplenoides, Michx. — North America. 89. A. eburneum, /. Sm. Aspidium eburneum, Wall. Cat. 389. Lastrea eburnea, Gat. Hort. Kew. (1846). Polypodium oxyphyllum, Wall. Cat. 324. Athyrium oxyphyllum, Moore. — Nepal. 90. A. denticulatum, /. Sm. Allantodia denticulata, Wall. Asplenium setulosum, Hort. Asplenium strigillosum, Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 36. Athyrium tenuifrons, Moore. — Nepal. 91. A. macrocarpum, Blume, in Herb. Athyrium foliolosum, Moore. — Java and Ceylon. 92. A. Ceylonense, Kiot. Athyrium Ceylonense, Moore. — Ceylon. 93. A. Timlorosum, /. Svn. ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 1. Polypodium umbrosum, Ait. Aspidium umbrosum, Sw.; ScJifc. Fil. t. 61. Allantodia umbrosa, ft.Br. — Madeira. 94. A. axillare, Webb. Polypodium axillare, Ait. Aspidium axillare, Sw. Allantodia axillaris, Kaulf.— Madeira. AN ENUMEKATION OF CULTIVATED FEKNS. 221 95. A. Brownii, /. 8m.; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 978. Allantodia Australia, R. Br. Athyrium Australe, Presl ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 16. — Australia. 96. A. decurtatum, Link ; Metten. Fil. Sort. Lips. t. 13, /. 17, 18. A. pubescens, Houlst. and Moore. — Brazil. 111. DIPLAZIUM, 8m. Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. Fronds simple, pinnate, or bi-tripinnate,.l-5 feet high. Veins forked or pinnate; Genus 111. — Portion of fertile frond, under side. No. 1. venules free, sporangiferous on both sides, constituting binate, linear sori. Indusivm plane, binate. * Vernation erect. f Fronds simple. 1. D. plantagineum, 8w.; Schk.Fil. t. 85; Lodd.Bot. Gal. 1588; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 46. Asplenium plantagineum, Linn. Diplazium acuminatum, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 57, f. 2. — Tropical America. 222 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. ff Fronds pinnatifid. 2. D. Zeylanicum, J. 8m. Asplenium (Eudiplazium) Zeylanicura, Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 237 ; Hook. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 16. — Ceylon. fff Fronds pinnate. 3. D. grandifolmm, Sw. — Tropical America. 4. D. juglandifolmm, 8w. ; Schk. Fil. t. 85 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. £.100. Asplenium juglandifolmm, Lam. — Jamaica and Venezuela. 5. D. alternifolium, Blume ; Hook. Fil. Exot. 1. 17. Asple- nium alternifolium, Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 12, /. 1-2. Diplazium integrifolium, J. 8m. Cat. (1857) ; in Herb. ; J. 8m. — Java. fttt Fronds bipinnatifid or bipinnate. 6. D. Shepherd!, Link. Asplenium Shepherdi, Hort. Dipla- zium ambiguum, /. 8m. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857) ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 47. — West Indies. 7. D. coarctatum, Link. D. Shepherdi, Presl. — Brazil. 8. D. striatum, Presl ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 48. Asplenium striatum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 18, 19).— Tropical America. 9. D. expansum, Willd. D. subalatum, Hew. — Tropical America. 10. D. diversifolium, Wall. Herb, (fide spec, in Herb. J. 8m.). — East Indies. 11. D. conchatum, /. 8m. Athyrium conchatum, Fee, Gen. Fil. 1. 17 C, f. 1. Hypochlamys pectinata, Fee, Gen. Fil. t. 17 0, /. 3. Diplazium brevisorum, J. 8m. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857) (non J. 8m. Enum. Fil. Philipp.). — Jamaica, St. Domingo. 12. D. polypodioides, Blume. D. marginatum, Hort. Asplenium polypodioides, Metten. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. — East Indies, Malayan and Pacific'Islands. 13. D. Klotzschii, Moore. Asplenium Klotzschii, Metten. Lotzea diplazioides,.K70i.e2 Karst. — Tropical America. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FEENS. 223 14. D. costale, Presl. Asplenium costale, Sw. Diplazium fabaefolium, J. 8m. Ms. in Herb. — West Indies. ** Vernation decumbent. 15. D. sylvaticum, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 85 B ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 49. Callipteris sylvatica, Bory. Anisogonium sylvaticum, Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 56 B. Asplenium acuminatum, Wall. Diplazium acuminatum, Presl; J. 8m. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857).— East Indies. 16. D. dilatatum, Blume. — East Indies, Malayan Islands. 17. D. arborescens, Sw.; J. 8m. Cat. Fil. Hort. Kew. (1856). Asplenium arborescens, Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 13, /. 19, 20.- St. Helena. 18. D. decussatum, J. Sm. ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 50. Asple- nium decussatum, Wall. D. Lasiopteris, Kunze. — East Indies. 19. D. Thwaitesii, /. Sm. Asplenium Thwaitesii, A. Br. ; Hook. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 45. — Ceylon. 20. D. thelypteroid.es, Presl ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 51. Asple- nium thelypteroides, Michx. ; Schk. Fil. t. 76 B. — North America. T. . ft Fronds deltoid, decompound. 21. D. Pranconis, Lieb. Asplenium J?ra,ncoma,Metten.Asplen. p. 66, t. 5, /. 30. — Mexico, Jamaica. 112. SCOLOPENDBIUM, 8m. Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds simple entire, lobed, or pinnate; frequently abnormally forked, plain, undulate, or with a comose, crested apex ; from 6 inches to 2-3 feet long. Veins forked ; venules free, the superior and inferior branch of each fascicle contiguous, parallel, and sporangiferous on their proxi- mate sides, constituting two linear, confluent sori, each furnished with a linear indusium, the free margins of which connive. 224 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 1. S. vulgare, 8m. ; Eng. Bot. t. 1150; Lindl. and Moore's Brit Ferns, t. 40; Sowerly's Ferns, t. 35; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 55 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 37. S. offici- narum, 8w. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 83 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 57 B. Asplenium Scolopendrium, Linn. — Europe, Madeira. Genus 1 12.— Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 1. Var. polyschides, Lindl. and Moore, I. c. t. 42, /. 2. Var. cornutum, Lindl. and Moore, I. c. Var. marginatum, Lindl. and Moore, I. c. t. 42, /. 3. Var. crispum, Lindl. and Moore, I. c. t. 42, /. 4. Var. multifidum, Lindl. and Moore, I. c. Var. laceratum, Lindl. and Moore, I. c. t. 42, /. 10. Var. incisum (Roth); Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 30. Var. plumosum (Moore) ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 14. Var. marinum (Moore) ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 31 C. Var. latifolimn (Bab.) ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 31 B. Var. dissectum (Wollast.)-, Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 34 C. Var. ovatum (Roth) ; Lindl. _and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 32. Var. rhseticum (Linn.) ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 31 A. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 225 Var. Fieldias (Moore) ; Gard. Chron. (1861), p. 1046, /. c. Var. FrizellifB (Moore); Gard. Clwon. (1861), jp.1046,/. c. Far. corymbiferum (Moore) ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 15. Far. acrocladon (ClapJiam)-, Lowe's New Ferns, £.40. Var. multifidum (Moore) ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Fems, t. 33. Far. depauperatum (Moore) ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 34 B. — Europe, Madeira. 113. NEOTTOPTERIS, /. 8m. Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds simple, linear or broad elliptical-lanceolate, smooth, 1-4 feet long by 2-8 inches wide. Genus 113.— Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 1. Veins forked ; venules parallel, sporangiferous on their superior side, their apices combined by a transverse, continuous, marginal vein. Sori unilateral. Indusiwm plane. Q 226 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 1. N. Nidus, J". 8m.; Hook. Gen. Fil t. 113. Asplenium Nidus, Linn. ; Sot. Mag. t. 3101 ; Lowe's Ferns, t. 36.— East Indies. 2. N. Australasica, /. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857). Asplenium Austra- lasicum, Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 88. Asplenium Nidus, R. Br. (non Linn.); Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 15. — New South Wales. 3. N. phyllitidis, /. Sm. En. Fil. Philipp. Asplenium Phyllitidis, Don. Prod. FL Nep.— India. 114. ANTIGBAMMA, Presl; J. Sm. Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds simple, cordate-lanceolate, 4—18 inches high. Veins forked; venules angularly anastomosing, reticulated, the marginal veinlets free. Sporangia produced on the proximate sides of the primary venules of each fascicle, constituting two linear, confluent sori, each furnished with a linear indusium, the free margins of which connive. 1. A. rhizophylla, J. Sm. Asplenium rhizophyllum, Linn. Campto- sorus rhizophyllus, Link ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 57 C ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 85 ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 5, /. 6. Scolopendrium rhizophyllnm, Hook. - North America. T. 2. A. Brasiliensis, Moore. Asplenium Brasiliense, Sw. Scolo- pendrium Brasiliense, Kunze. S. ambiguum, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 57, /. 1. Antigramme repanda, Presl; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 57 A ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 183 — Brazil. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 227 115. CALLIPTEBIS, Bory ; /. 8m. Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds simple and pinnate, bipinnatifid or bipinnate, 2-5 feet high. Veins uniform and Genus 115. — Portion of barren and fertile fronds, natural size; fertile enlarged. No. 1. forked, or costaeform pinnate ; the whole, or the lower venules only, anastomosing, sporangiferous on both sides, constituting binate, linear, decussate sori. Indusium plane. 1. C. prolifera, Bory. Asplenium proliferum, Lam. ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 11, /. 7. Diplazium proliferum, Kaulf. Asplenium decussatum, Sw. Anisogonium decussatum, Presl ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 56 A. — East Indies, Malayan Archipelago. 2. C. esculenta, /. Sm. Hemionites esculenta, Retz. Dipla- zium esculentum, Sw. Anisogonium esculentum, Presl. Microstegia esculenta, Presl, Epim. Bot. Digrammaria esculenta, Fee. Asplenium ambiguum, Sw. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 75 B (Rheede, Hal. 12, t. 15). Digrammaria ambigua, Presl ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 56 C. Microstegia ambigua, Presl, Epim. Bot. Diplazium Malabaricum, Spreng. Callipteris Malabarica, J". 8m. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857). Diplazium Serampurense, Spreng. Anisogonium Serampurense, Presl. Cal- lipteris Serampurense, Fee. Diplazium pubescens, Link. — East Indies, Malayan Archipelago. Q2 228 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 116. HEMIDICTYUM, Presl. Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds pinnate, 10-14 feet long ; pinnae 1-2 feet long, 3-5 inches wide. Veins forked ; venules parallel till near the margin, then anastomosing and reticulated, Genus 116.— Portion of fertile pinna, under side. No. 1. combined by a transverse, continuous, marginal vein. Sporangia produced on the superior side of the parallel veins, constituting unilateral, linear sori. Indicium plane. 1. H, marginatum, Presl ; Hook. Gen. Fit. t. 55 A. Asple- nium marginatum, Linn, (Plum. Fil. t. 106) ; Hook, Fil Exot. t. 73 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 53. Diplazium giganteum, Sort. Linden. — Tropical America. 117. CETERACH, Willd. ; J. 8 nn. Vernation fasciculate, erect, caespitose. Fronds 2-12 inches long, sinuose-pinnatifid or pinnate, the under side densely squa- mose. Veins forked, anastomosing. Sporangia unilateral, protruding through the dense squamae, forming oblong sori. Indusium obsolete. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FEENS. 229 1. C. officinarum, Willd. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. 1. 113 ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 43 A ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 54. Asplenium Ceterach, Linn. ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 36. Genus 117- — Frond natural size, and portion enlarged. No. 1. Grrammitis Ceterach, 8w. ; Schk. Fil t. 7 B ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 15. Scolopendrium Ceterach, Eng. Bot. 1244. — Europe, North India. TRIBE X.— DICKSONIE^l. Sori marginal, round, or linear and transverse. Indusium lateral, interiorly attached, its extrorse margin free and con- niving more or less with the changed margin of the frond, which becomes an accessory indusium, the two forming a cucullate or bivalved round cyst, or elongated grove, containing the sporangia. 230 FEENS : BEITISH AND FOEEIGN. § 1. Lindsceece. Receptacles combined, forming a linear, continuous or inter- rupted marginal sorus, or rarely punctiform or binate. Indusium linear or sub-rotund. * Receptacles elongated. 118. LINDS.ZEA, Dry. Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. Fronds simple, pinnate, or bi-tripinnate ; pinnaa oblong, dimidiate, upper margin fertile only ; costa excentric or obsolete. Veins radiating, forked ; Genus 11 s.— Portion of fertile venules free, their apices corn- frond, under side. NO.I. bined by an eiongated transverse receptacle. Sori linear, continuous or interrupted. Indusium linear, usually shorter than the indusiform margin. * Occidental species. 1. L. reniformis, Dry. in Linn. Trans, 3, t. 7, /. 1 ; Kunze, in Schk. Fil. Suppl. t. 16, f. 2.— French Guiana. 2. L. sagittata, Dry. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 87.— French Guiana. 3. L. Leprieusii, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 62 D.— French Guiana. 4. L. falcata, Dry. in Linn. Trans. 3, t. 7, /. 2. — Guiana. 5. L. trapeziformis, Dry. in Linn. Trans. 3, /. 9 ; Hook, et Bauer. Gen. Fil. t. 63 A. — West Indies and Tropical America. 6. L. Guianensis, Dry. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 62. — Guiana. 7. L. stricta, Dry. ; Schk. Fil. t. 114. L. Javitensis, H. B. K. ; Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 75, /. 1. L. elegans, Hook.Ic. PI. t. 98. — West Indies and Tropical America. 8. L. crenata, Klot.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 208. — British Guiana. 9. L. dubia, Spr. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 64 0.— French Guiana. ** Indian and Malayan species. 10. L. cultrata, Sw.; Schk. Fil. 1. 114 ; Hook. etGrev.Ic. Fil. 1. 114 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 67 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 16 B— East Indies. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 231 11. L. obtusa, J. 8m. En. Fil. Philipp. ; Hook. Sp. Fit. 1, p. 224. — Malacca. *** Polynesian and Australian species. 12. L. linearis, Sw. Syn. Fil. t. 3, /. 3 ; Kunze, Fil. t. 16 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 16 G. — Australia and Tasmania. 13. L. trichomonoides, Dry. in Linn. Trans. 3, 1. 11 ; Schk. Fil. 1. 14, /. 3.— New Zealand. 14. L. microphylla, Sw. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. 1. 194. — New South Wales and Queensland. 119. SCHIZOLOMA, Gaud. Vernation fasciculate. Fronds pinnate; pinnas oblong or linear- lanceolate; costa central. Veins forked ; venules anastomosing, form- ing oblique, elongated areoles, trans- versely combined by an elongated Receptacle on both margins. Sori linear, continuous. Indusium linear, usually equal with the indusiform margin. 1. S. ensifolia, /. 8m. Lindssea ensifolia, Sw. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 3. Lindsaea lanceolata, Labill. Nov. Eoll. t. 248,/. 1.— Malayan and Polynesian Islands. Genus 1 19.— Portion of fertile frond; natural size. No. 1. 232 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. ** Receptacles punctiform. 120. ODONTOSOBIA, J. 8m. Vernation uniserial, distant and sarmentose, contiguous and sub-fasciculate. Fronds bi-tripinnatifid, lanceolate or deltoid, 1—5 feet long, erect or flexuose and scandent; ultimate seg- ments cuneiform, entire, lobed or laciniated. Veins dichoto- mously forked ; venules free. Receptacles terminal, punctiform. Genus 120.— Portion of fertile pinna, under side. No. 2. Sori simple or binate. Special and accessory indusia forming a vertical, urceolate or, by confluence, oblong, sporangiferous, marginal cyst. 1. O. tenuifolium, J". 8m. Davallia tenuifolia, 8w. ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 14. Stenoloma tenuifolium, Fee. — East Indies and Malayan Archipelago. 2. O. aculeatum, J. 8m. Davallia aculeata, 8m. ; Hook. Sp. Fil t. 54 B; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 26. Adiantum aculeatum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 94). Stenoloma aculeatum, Fee, Gen. Fil. t. 27, /. 4. — West Indies. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 233 121. MICBOLEPIA, Presl Vernation uniserial, sarmentose. Fronds pinnate or bi-tripin. natifid, 1-6 feet high, del- toid. Veins simply or pinnately forked ; venules free, the exterior one or moresoriferous. $or^simple, often anti-marginal. Recep- tacles terminal, punctifonn. Indusium attached by its broad base only, or by its base and sides, constituting a simple, cucullate or semi- nrceolate, vertical cyst. 1. M. tricosticha, /. 13m. Davallia tri- costicha, Hook. ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 29. — Philippine Islands. 2. M. scabra, J. 8m. Davallia scabra, Don. Davallia villosa, Wall; Hook. Sp. Fil t. 48 A.— India, Japan. 3. M. cristata, J. 8m. En. Fil. Philipp. Davallia Khasyana, Hook. Sp. Fil t. 47 A, 5-7 A.— East Indies. 4. M. platyphylla, J. 8m. Davallia platyphylla, D. Don. Davallia Lonchitidea, WaU. ; Hook. Sp. Fil t. 46 B ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 30; Hook. Fil Exot. $.19. Davallia majuscula, Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 33. — East Indies. 5. M. polypodioid.es, Presl; Hook. Gen. Fil t. 58. Davallia polypodioides, D. Don. Polypodium nudum, Forsl Davallia rhomboidea, Wall Davallia flaccida, R. Br. — East Indies, Polynesia. 6. M. strigosa, Moore. Davallia strigosa, Sw. Trichomanes strigosa, Thunb. — Japan. 7. M. Novse-Zelandise, J. 8m. Davallia Novae -Zelandias, Colenso ; Hook. Sp. Fil I 51 B ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 51. Davallia hispida, Hew. Acrophorus hispidus, Moore. — New Zealand. Genus 121.— Fertile puma, under side. No. 4. 234 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 122. LOXSOMA, E. Br. Vernation uniserial, sarmentose. Fronds long stipitate, deltoid, decompound, 1-1 £ foot high, glaucous beneath ; lacinise lanceolate, dentate. Veins simple or forked ; venules free, their apices prolonged, forming a free columnar receptacle. Special Genus 122.— Portions of barren and fertile frond, natural size 5 ditto, enlarged. No. 1. and Accessory Indusia united, forming a vertical, urceolate, extrorse cyst. Sporangia obovate, pedicellate, seated round the receptacle, which is elongated beyond the mouth of the indu- sium. Eing of sporangium oblique. 1. L. Cunningham!!, R. Br.; Hook, et Bauer. Gen. Fil.t. 15 ; Comp. to Bot. Mag. t. 31, 32 ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 31.— New Zealand. AN ENUMEEATION OP CULTIVATED EEKNS. 235 § 2. Eudicksoniece. Receptacles punctiform. Special and accessory indusia con- niving, forming an urceolate or bwalved, reflexed cyst. * Vernation uniserial, sarmentose, or rarely sub-fasciculate and erect or decumbent, naked or thinly furnished with scales. 123. SACCOLOMA, Kaulf. Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds 4-6 feet high, pinnate, 1-2 feet broad, smooth ; pinnae linear-lanceo- late, acuminate, 8-12 inches long, serrated at the apex. Veins simple, rarely forked, direct, parallel, free. Receptacles punctiforrn, terminal. Sori punctiform, contiguous, laterally co- alescing and forming a compound, marginal, continuous sorus. Special indusium small, transverse, elongated, sub-scyphiform ; accessory one uni- versal, formed of the continuous, re- flexed margin. 1. S. elegans, Kaulf. En. Fil. t. 1, /.12; Hook. Gen. Fil.t.S8, f. 1, 2; Kunze, Fil. t. 41. Davallia saccoloma, Spreng. — West Indies. Genus 123.— Portion of fertile pinna. No. 1. 124. DEPARIA, HooJc. et Grev. Vernation subfasciculate, decumbent. Fronds bipinnatifid, Genus 124.— Portion of barren and fertile frond. No. 1. 236 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 1-2| feet long. Veins pinnate; venules free. Receptacles punctiform, terminal. Sori exserted. Special and accessory indusia conniving, and forming a calyciform, pedicellate, vertical extrorse cyst. 1. D. prolifera, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. (corrig.) ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 44 B ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 82 ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 38. Dicksonia prolifera, Kaulf. Deparia Macrasi, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. 1. 154. — Sandwich Islands. 125. SITOLOBITJM, Vesv. Vernation uniserial and sarmentose. Fronds bi-tripinnatifid, 2-6 feet high. Veins simple or pin- nately forked, the exterior venule, or more, soriferous. Receptacles punc- nft tiform, terminal. Sori globose, re- flexed. Special and accessory indusia united and forming a reflexed, entire, or cub-bilabiate cup. 1. S. punctilobum, /. Sm. BTe- phrodium punctilobulum, Michx. Aspidium punctilo- bulum, Sw. Dicksonia punc- tiloba, Hook.; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 42. Dicksonia pubescens,£c/ifc. Fil. 1. 131. Dicksonia pilosiuscula, Willd. Sitolobium pilo- siusculum, Desv. ; J. Sm. Gen. Fil. Dennstaedtia punctilobula, Moore. — North America. 2. S. adiantoides, /. 8m. Dick- sonia adiantoides, Humb. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 26 B. Polypodium globuliferum, Poir (Plum. Fil. t. 30). Genus i25.-Portion of fertile Dennstaadtia adiantoides, frond, under side. NO. 2. Moore. — Tropical Amenca. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED TERNS. 237 3. S. Pavoni, /. 8m. Dicksonia Pavoni, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 26 A. Dennstaedtia Pavoni, Moore. — Tropical America. 4. S. dissectum, J. Sm. Dicksonia dissecta, Sw. ; ScTik. Fil. t. 130 B. Dennstsedtia dissecta, Moore. Denn- staedtia tenera, Moore. — West Indies. 5. S. cicutarium, /. Sm. Dicksonia cicutaria, Sw. ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 40 (Plum. Fil. t. 31). Dennstaedtia cicutaria, Moore. — Tropical America. 6. S. anthriscifolium, J. Sm. Dicksonia anthriscifolia, Kaulf.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 27 B. Dennstaedtia anthriscifolia, Moore. — Tropical America. 7. S. davallioides, J. Sm. Dicksonia davallioides, R. Br. ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 41. Dennstaedtia davallioides, Moore. — Australia. 8. S. rubiginosTim, J. Sm. Dicksonia rubiginosa, Kaulf. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 27 A ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 45. Dennstaedtia rubiginosa, Moore. Dicksonia nitidula, Kunze. Dennstaedtia nitidula, Moore. — Tropical America. 9. S. Moluccanum, /. Sm. Dicksonia Moluccana, Blume; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 46. Dennstaedtia Moluccana, Moore. — Malayan Archipelago. ** Vernation fasciculate, erect and arboreous, or rarely decumbent, densely criniferous. 126. BALANTIUM, Kaulf. Vernation fasciculate, decumbent, densely criniferous. Fronds deltoid, tripinnate, smooth ; ultimate segments dentate. Veins pinnate ; venules free, simple or forked. Receptacles punctiform, terminal. Sori transversely oblong, large, exserted in thrysi- form clusters. Indusium bivalved, coriaceous, the two valves nearly equal, concave, reniform. 238 TEENS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 1. B. Culcita, Kaulf. Dicksonia Culcita, L'Herit. ; Lowe's Genus 126.— Portions of barren and fertile frond, natural size. No. 1 . Ferns, 8, t. 39. Culcita macrocarpa, Presl ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 60 A. — Madeira, Azores, and Tropical America. 127. DICKSONIA, L'H&rto. Vernation fasciculate, erect, arborescent, criniferous. Fronds Genus 127.— Portions of barren and fertile fronds, natural size. 'No. 1. AN ENUMEKATION OF CULTIVATED FEKNS. 239 bi-tripinnate, 5-15 feet long. Veins pinnate; venules free, simple. Receptacles punctiform, terminal. Sori globose, large, reflexed. Indusium bivalved, coriaceous ; the outer valve (acces- sory indusium) concave, cucullate, conniving with the smaller, usually less cucullate, inner valve or special indusium, forming an unequal valved cyst. 1. D. arborescens, L'Herit.; Hook. Sp. Fil t. 22 A D. auricoma, Spreng. Balantium auricomum, Kaulf. ; Presl. Dicksonia integra, Sw. Balantium arborescens, Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 30.— St. Helena. 2. D. antarctica, Ldbill. Nov. Holl. t. 249. Balantium antarcticum, Presl. Cibotium Billardieri, Kaulf. — Australia. 3. D. Sellowiana, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 22 _B. Balantium Sellowiana, Presl. — Tropical America. 4. D. squarrosa, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. 1. 130.— New Zealand. 5. D. lanata, Colenso ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 23 C.— New Zealand. 128. CIBOTIUM, Kaulf. Vernation fasciculate, decumbent, or erect and arborescent, densely criniferous. Fronds tripinnatifid, 5-15 feet long, gene- rally glaucous beneath. Veins forked or pinnate ; venules free. Genus 128.— Portions of barren and fertile fronds, natural size. Receptacles punctiform, terminal. Sori dentiform, reflexed. Indusium bivalved, horny, the outer valve (accessory indusium) concave, cucullate, adnate to the margin ; the inner (special indusium) smaller, and conniving with the outer, forming an unequal bivalved cyst. 240 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 1. C. Schiedei, Schlecht. ; Hook. Sp. Fil t. 30 A ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 25; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 35.— Mexico. 2. C. Barometz, J. Sm.Gen. of Ferns. Polypodium Barometz, Lour. Cibotiuin glaucescens, Kunze, Fil. t. 31. Cibotium Cumingi, Kunze. — China. 3. C. Menziesii, Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 29 C— Sandwich Islands. 129. THYBSOPTEBIS, Kunze. Vernation fasciculate, arborescent. Fronds decompound- nmltifid, the fertile portion contracted. Sori paniculate. Veins pinnate; venules free. Accessory and special indusia equal, Genus 12Q.— Portion of fertile pinna. No. 1. uniform, constituting a calyciform cyst, including sessile, com- pressed sporangia seated on an elevated, globose receptacle. 1. T. elegans, Kunze, Fil. t. 1 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 44 A ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 34. — Juan Fernandez. TKIBE XI.— CY ATHENE- Sori round, intra-marginal. Receptacles elevated, globose or columnar. Indusium calyciform, semi-calyciform or squamiform, or altogether absent. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FEUNS. 241 130. SCHIZOCJENA, /. 8m. Vernation fasciculate, erect, slender, arborescent. Fronds simple, pinnate or bipinnatifid, 2-8 feet long, smooth, stipes adherent, pinnae articulated with the rachis. Veins pinnately forked ; venules free. Sori medial. Receptacles glo- bose. Indusium calyci- form, ultimately deeply laciniated. 1. S. sinuata, J. 8m. Gen. of Ferns (1841). Cyathea sinuata, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. 1. 106.— Ceylon, Genus 130. — Portion of fertile pinna, natural size j ditto enlarged. No. 1. 131. CYATHEA, 8m. Vernation fasciculate, erect, arborescent. Fronds bi-tripinna- tifid, 5-15 feet long; % rfra& pinnae and pinnules in some species articu- lated with the rachis. Veins forked ; venules free. Sori axillary. Receptacles columnar. Indusium complete calyciform, its margin entire or unequally laciniated. Genus 131. -Portion of fertile pinna, under side. No. 5. * West Indian and American species. 1. C. arborea, 8m. Polypodium rboreum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. 1. 1 et 2). Disphenia arborea, Presl. Cyathea elegans, Hew. ; Hook. Gen. Fit. t. 23. Cyathea Grevilleana, Hart. Disphenia Grevilleana, Kunze. — West Indies. 242 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 2. C. serra, Willd. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 9 A.— West Indies. 3. C. aculeata, Willd. Disphenia aculeata, Presl— "West Indies. 4. C. nigrescens, J". $m. C. arborea, var. nigrescens, Hook. — Jamaica. 5. C. muricata, Willd. (Plum. Fil t. 4).— West Indies. ** African species. 6. C. canaliculata, Willd.; Hook. Sp.Fil.I, t. US; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 55. — Mauritius. 7. C. excelsa, Sw. ; Hook. Sp.Fil. 1, t. 12 B ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 56.— Mauritius. 8. C. Dregei, Kunze; Hook. Sp. Fil 1. 10 J3.— South Africa. 9. C. Manniana, Hook. Syn.Fil.p. 21.— Fernando Po. *** Indian and Malayan species. 10. C. Hookeri, Thw. Enum. Plant. Zeyl— Ceylon. 11. C. Integra, J. 8m. En. Fil. Philipp. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 26. — Philippine Islands. **** Australian and Polynesian species. 12. C. medullaris, Sw.; Sclik. Fil. t. 133; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 25. Polypodium medullare, Forst. — Pacific Isles and New Zealand. 13. C. Smithii, Hook. fil. Fl. New Zeal.t. 72.— New Zealand. 14. C. dealbata, 8w. ; A. Rich. Fl. Nou. Zel. t. 10 ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 58. Polypodium dealbatum, Forst. — New Zealand. 15. C. Cunningham!!, Hook. fil. Fl. New Zeal. 2, p. 7 ; Hook. fil. Hook. Ic. PI. t. 985.— New Zealand. 132. HEMITELIA, R. Sr. Vernation fasciculate, erect, arborescent. Fronds bipinnatifid, 4—8 feet long ; stipes smooth or aculeated. Veins simply or AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED /FERNS. 243 pinnately forked ; venules all free, or the lower pair of the lowest fascicles angularly anastomosing, forming a costal arch or more or less acute angle. Sori medial. Receptacles globose. Indusium semicalyciform. 1. H. speciosa, Kaulf.; Hook. Sp. Fil, t. 13 B ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 66. Cyathea speciosa, Humb. Hemi- telia integrifolia, Klot. — Tropical America. 2. H. grandifolia, Spreng.; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 14 B; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 59. Cyathea grandifolia, Willd. (Plum. Fil. t. 26).— West Indies. 3. H. horrida, R. Br: ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 15 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 69 ; . Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 60. Polypodium horridum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 8). Cyathea horrida, 8m. Cnemidaria horrida, Presl. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 4.— West Indies. 4. H. obtusa, Kaulf. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 14. Hemitelia speciosa, Mart. Ic. Crypt. Bras. t. 48, /. 2. Cne- midaria speciosa, Presl. — West Indies. 5. H. Karsteniana, Klot. ; Kunze, Ind. Genus 132.— Portion •Evy -XT- i of fertile pinna, under Fil. — V enezuela. side. No ;3. 6. H. Imrayana, Hook. Sp. Fil 1, p. 33; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 669. — Dominica. 133. ALSOPHILA, R. Br. Vernation fasciculate, erect, arborescent. Fronds bi-tripinna- tifid, 5—15 feet long. Veins simple or forked, free. Sori axillary or medial. Receptacles globose or columnar. Indusium semi- calyciform, or small and squamiform, or trichiform, often obsolete. R2 244 FEENS I BEITISH AND FOREIGN. § 1. Hymenostegia, J. Sm Gen. Fil. (1841). Indusium nearly complete calyciform or very small and scale-like. * African species. 1. A. Capensis, /. Sm. Gen. Fil. (1841). Polypodium capense, Linn. Cyathea Capensis, Sm. Hemitelia Capensis, R. Br. Amphicosmia Capensis, Moore. — South Africa. ** Tropical America and West Indian species. 2. A. Isevis, /. Sm. Gen. Fil. Amphicosmia lasvis, Moore. Hemitelia Guianensia, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 648.— British Guiana. 3. A. Hostmanni, J". Sm. Hemitelia Host- manni, Hook. Ic. PL t. 646 ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 61. Amphicosmia Host- manni, Moore. — Guiana. Sm. Hemitelia Surinamensis, Miguel. — Guiana and Martinique. Genus 133.- 4- A- Surinamensis, /. Portion of fertile pinna, unrter side. No. 1. 5. A. radens, Kaulf. ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. — Brazil. 6. A. Beyrichiana, /. Sm. Cyathea Beyrichiana, Presl; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 623. Amphicosmia Beyrichiana, Moore. — Brazil. § 2. Tricostegia, J". 8m. Gen. Fil. (1841). Indusium absent. Sori furnished with articulated hairs, or naked. * Tropical American and West Indian species. 7. A. aspera, E. Br. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil t. 213, 214, 215 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 21 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 19 B. Poly- podium asperum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 3). — Tropical America and West Indies. 8. A. ferox, Presl; Hook. A. armata, Mart. Ic. Crypt. Bras. t. 48 (non Presl). Polypodium aculeatum, Radd. Fil. Bras, t. 42. — Tropical America and West Indies. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FEENS. 245 9. A. aculeata, /. 8m. Polypodium aculeatum, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 42. Alsophila ferox, Presl. — West Indies and Tropical America. 10. A. armata, Presl. Polypodium armatum, Sw. — Tropical America. 11. A. procera, Kaulf. Polypodium procerum, Willd. — Brazil. 12. A. villosa, Presl. Cyathea villosa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. t. 670. — Tropical America. 13. A. paleolata, Mart. Ic. Crypt. Bras. t. 43. A. munita, Sort. Berol. — Brazil. ** Indian and Malayan species. 14. A. glauca, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. Chnoophora glauca, Blume. Alsophila contaminans, Wall. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1. 18 B. — Malayan, Molucca, and Philippine Islands. 15. A. gigantea, Wall.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 53. —India, Ceylon. *** Australian and Polynesian species. 16. A. Australia, R. Br. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 19 A.— East and South Australia and Tasmania. 17. A. excelsa, R. Br.; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 9; Hook. Sp. Fil. t.lS A; Backhouse's Narrative, p. 265, with table. A. Cooperi, Hook. Mss. — Norfolk Island and Queens- land. 18. A. Moorei, /. 8m. Mss. Hort. Kew. (1854). Stem slender, black, 3-5 feet high ; fronds bipinnate, 3-4 feet long ; pinnules deeply pinnatifid ; lacinisB elliptical, obtuse, entire ; stipes and main rachis muricate ; sori small, naked. A. Macarthuri, Hook. Mss. — New South Wales. 246 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 134. TRICHOPTEBIS, Presl Vernation fasciculate, erect, arborescent. Fronds bipinnate, 4_6 feet long, smooth, stipes articulated with the axis ; pinnae distant ; pinnules lanceolate, coriaceous, articulated with the rachis. Veins pinnately forked; venules free, their apices clavate. Sori medial, criniferous, oblong, laterally contiguous Genus 134.— Fertile pinna, natural size; portion of ditto enlarged. No. 1. and confluent, forming a transverse row. Receptacles scarcely elevated. Indusium absent. 1. T. excelsa, Presl. Alsophila excelsa, Mart. Ic. Crypt. Bras. t. 37. — Brazil. 135. LOPHOSOBIA, Presl. Vernation fasciculate, erect, arborescent, densely criniferous. Fronds tripinnatifid, 3-5 feet long, glaucous beneath. Veins AN ENUMEKATION OF CULTIVATED EERNS. 247 forked; veimles free, their apices thickened. Sori medial, criniferous. Receptacle scarcely elevated. Indusium absent.* 1. L. pruinata, Presl. Poly podium pruinatum, Sw. Also- ^hila pruinata, Kaulf. Polypodium griseum, Sclik. Fil t. 25 B. — Tropical America. Genus 135. — Portions of fertile frond, natural size. No. 1 . 2. L. affinis, Presl. Alsophila affinis, Fee. A. Deckeriana, Klot. — Venezuela. SUB-ORDER II.— GLEICHENIACE^I. Sporangia globose or pyriform, furnished with a transverse or sub-oblique ring. Fronds rigid, opaque. Sori punctiform, intramarginal, naked or rarely with a peltate indusium. 136. GLEICHENIA, B. Sr. Vernation uniserial and sarmentose. Fronds 1-6 feet high once or more times dichotomously branched; pinnae linear, * Setting aside the arborescent character of the stem, this genus is more naturally related to the section Desmopodium of Phegopteris than to Alsophila. 248 FERNS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN. pinnatifid, ultimate divisions small, ovate, orbicular, and often revolute or larger, linear and plane. Veins simply or pinnately Genus 136.— Portion of barren frond, under side. No. 9. forked ; venules free, the exterior one fertile. Sori punctiform, terminal or medial. Sporangia few, 2-8, superficial or immersed. * Ultimate divisions small, concave or cucullate. (Eugleichenia.) 1. G. microphylla, R. Br. ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 47. — New South Wales and Tasmania. 2. G. dicarpa, E. Br.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t.l C; Kunze, Fil. t. 70 ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 48.— Tasmania. 3. G. semivestita, Labill. Sert. Nov. Caled. t. 11 ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 54; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 2 A.— New Cale- donia and Malacca. 4. G. hecistophylla, A. Cunn. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 2 B ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 52. — New Zealand. 5. G. mpestris, B. Br. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. I, t. I B ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 35. — New South Wales. 6. G. alpina, E. Br.; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 58.— Tasmania. 7. G. speluncse, R. Br.; Hook. Sp. Fil. I, t. 1 A; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 94.— New South Wales and Tasmania. ** Ultimate divisions plane. (Mertensia, Willd.) 8. G.flabellata, R. Br. ; Labill. Sert Nov. Caled. 1. 12 ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 50; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 71. Mertensia flabellata, J. Sm. — Australia and Tasmania. AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 249 9. G. dichotoma, Hook. ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 21. Mertensia dichotoma, Willd.; Schk. Fil. t. 148; Lang, et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 29. Polypodium dichotomum, Thunb. Fl. Jap. t. 37. Gleichenia Hermann!, R. Br. — General throughout the Tropical and Subtropical regions of the Southern Hemisphere. 10. G. furcata, Spreng. ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 60. Acro- stichum, furcatum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 28). — West Indies. 11. G. pectinata, Presl. Mertensia glaucescens, Willd. Gleichenia Hermanni, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 14 (nonR. Br.).—Wesi Indies. 12. G. pubescens, Kunth. Mertensia pubescens, H. B. K. Gleichenia immersa, Spreng. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 15. — Tropical America. 13. G. cryptocarpa, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 6 A.— Chili. 14. G. Cunningham!, Hew. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. I, t.6B; Hook. fil. Fl. New Zeal. 6, t. 71.— New Zealand. SUB-OKDE* IIL-HYMENOPHYLLACE^l. Sporangia globose or oblate, furnished with a horizontal or sub-oblique ring. Fronds thin, membranaceous, pellucid. Sori marginal. Indusium an urceolate, sub-bivalved, extrorse, open cyst. 137. HYMENOPHYLLUM, Sm. Vernation uniserial and sannentose. Fronds varying from simple to decompound -multifid, membranaceous and pellucid, smooth, or bearing simple, forked, or stellate hairs. Veins simple or forked, free. Sori terminal. Indusium short, urce- olate, bilabiate or bivalved. Receptacle short, included within the indusium. * Fronds glabrous. •}• Segments entire, plane or undulated. Stipes and rachis rarely pilose. 1. H. asplenioides, Sw.; Hook. 1st Cent. Ferns, t. 56. — Jamaica, Brazil. 250 FEENS : BRITISH AND FOEEIGN. 2. H. abruptum, Hook. % Fil. 1, t. 31 B.— West Indies. 3. H. polyanthos, 8w. ; Hedw. Fil. cum Ic. ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 8 A. H. sanguinolentum, Sw. ; Sclik. Fil. 1. 135 C. — West Indies, Tropical America, India, Philippines,New Zealand, &c. Genus 137.— Portion of fertile frond, natural size; ditto slightly enlarged. No. 13. 4. H. rarum, R. Br. H. semibivalve, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 83.— Tasmania, New Zealand, Chili, South Africa, Ceylon. 5. H. flabellatum, Ldbill. Nov. Holl. t. 250. H. nitens, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 197. — Tasmania, New Zealand. 6. H. demissum, Sw. ; Sclik. Fil. 1. 135 C.— Tasmania, New Zealand. 7. H. scabrum, A. Rich. Fl. Nou. Zel. 1. 14, /. 1 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 179. — New Zealand. 8. H. crispatum, Wall. ; Hook, et Grev. 't. 77 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 69 B. — East Indies, Philippines, Tasmania, New Zealand. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 251 9. H. flexuosum, A. Cunn. ; Hook. Ic. PL t. 962 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 178. — New Zealand. 10. H. caudiculatum, Mart. Ic. Crypt. Bras. t. 67 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 68.— Brazil. 11. H. fuciforme, 8w. ; Hook. Sp. Fit. t. 36 D ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 72. — Chili, Juan Fernandez. 12. H. pulcherrimum, Colenso ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 37 A ; Hook.fil. Fl. Nov. Zealand, 2, t. 74; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 71. — New Zealand. 13. H. dilatatum, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. 1. 135 ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 60 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 70.— New Zealand. ff Segments dentate or spinulose-serrate, often undulate. 14. H. Tunbridgense, Sm. ; Eng. Sot. t. 162 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 32 ; Hook. Fl. Lond. t. 71 ; Sowerby's Ferns, I t. 42 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 43 ; Lindl. and Moore's Nature-printed Ferns, t. 49 A. H. cupressiforme, Lalrill. Nov. Holl. t. 250, /. 2.— Temperate regions of both hemispheres. 15. H. unilaterale, Willd. ; Lindl. and Moore's Nature- printed Ferns, t. 49 B ; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 43. H. Wilsoni, Hook. Eng. Bot. t. 2686 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 44. — Temperate regions of both hemispheres. 16. H. multifidum, 8w. ; Schk. Fil. t. 135 B; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 167.— New Zealand. 17. H. dichotomum, Cav. ; Hook. 8p. Fil. 1, t. 36 A. — Chili. 18. H. fucoides, 8w. ; Hook. Ic. PI t. 963.— West Indies and Tropical America. ** Fronds pilose. 19. H. hirsutum, Sw.; Eadd. Fil. Bras. t. 79, /. 1 ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. 84.— West Indies, Brazil. 20. H. ciliatmn, Sw. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 35 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 69 C. — West Indies and Tropical America. 21. H. hirtellum, Sw.; Hook. Sp.Fil. 1, t. 31.— Jamaica. 22. H. Chiloense, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 32 A; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 69 A.— Chili. 23. H. valvatum, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 219. — Columbia. 252 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 24. H. lineare, Sw. |H. trifidum, Hook, et Grev.Ic. Fil. £196. H. elegans, Spreng. — West Indies and Tropical America. 25. H. sericeum, Sw. (Plum. Fil. t. 73). — West Indies and Tropical America. 26. H. seruginosum, Carm. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 34 ^.—Tristan d'Acunha, New Zealand. 138. TRICHOMANES, Linn. Vernation fasciculate and erect, or uniserial and sarmentose. Fronds varying from simple to decompound-multifid, membra- naceous and pellucid, smooth, or bearing simple, forked, or stellate hairs. Veins simple or forked, free. Sori terminal, often sub-pedicellate. Indu- sium urceolate or tubular. Re- ceptacle continued beyond the sporangia and mouth of the indusium, often elongated and filiform. * Vernation uniserial, sarmentose. 1. T. reniforme, Forst.; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 31 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 76. — New Zealand. 2. T. membranaceum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 101, /. A); Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 76.— West Indies. 3. T. pujnctatum, Poir. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 236. — West Genus 188.— Fertile frond, natural T ,. size. No. 11. indies. AN ENUMEEATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 253 4. T. reptans, Sw. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil t. 32.— "West Indies. 5. T. Bojeri, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. 1. 155. — Mauritius. 6. T. muscoides, Sw. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 179.— West Indies. 7. T. pusillum, Sw. ; Hedw.Fil. cumlc.; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 163.— West Indies. 8. T. Kraussii, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 149 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 164. — "West Indies and Tropical America. 9. T. venosum, R. Br. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 78.— New South Wales and Tasmania. 10. T. sinuosum, Rich. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. 1. 13 ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 10 C.— West Indies. 11. T. pyxidiferum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 20 C) ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 206; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 161.— West Indies. 12. T. Filicula, Bory. T. bilabiatum, Nees, in Nov. Act. Cur. (1823), t. 13, /. 2. T. bilingue, J. 8m. Hymeno- phyllum alatum, Sclik. Fil. t 135 B. — East Indies, Mauritius, Philippine and Polynesian Islands. 13. T. angustatum, Garm. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 166 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 67 A. — Tristan d'Acunha. 14. T. exsectum, Kunze, Anal. Pterid. t. 29. /. 2 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t, 64 A. — Chili and Juan Fernandez. 15. T. trichoideum, 8w.; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 199; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 67 B. T. pyxidiferum, Schk. Fil. t. 134.— West Indies. 16. T.radicans, Sw.; Lindl. and Moore's Nature-printed Ferns, t. 48 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 42 ; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 41. T. brevisetum, R. Br. T. speciosum, Willd. T. pyxi- deferum, Huds. (non Linn.}. T. alatum, Hook, in Fl. Lond. t. 53 (non Sw.}. T. Europaeum, Sm. in Rees' Cyclop. T. Hibernicum, Spreng. Hymenophyllum alatum, Sin. Fng. Bot. t. 1417 ; — ft Andrewsii, Lindl. and Moore's Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 48 C. Trichomanes Andrewsii, Newm. — Tropical and Temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. 17. T. scandens, Linn. ; Sloane's Jam. 1, t. 58 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 62 A.— West Indies. 254 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 18. T. incisTim, Kaulf. ; Bory, in Dup. Voy. t. 38, /. 1. — Brazil. 19. T. pluma, Hook. Ic. PI t. 997 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 63 A. — Borneo. ** Vernation fasciculate, decumbent. 20. T. crispum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 86) ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 12; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 27. T. pilosum, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 79.— West Indies and Tropical America. 21. T. pennatum, Hedw. Fil. t. 4, /. 1 ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 8. T. floribundum, H. B. K. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 9. T. Yittaria, Dec. ; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1, t. 5. — West Indies and Tropical America. 22. T. Kaulfussii, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. App. ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 63 B. T. lucens, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. 1. 10. — West Indies. 23. T. fimbriatum, Backhouse, Cat. (1861); Gard. Chron. (1862), p. 44— West Indies. 24. T. attenuatum, Hook. 8p. Fil. 1, t. 39 C ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 66.— West Indies. 25. T. alatum, Sw. (Plum. Fil. t. 50, /. 1) ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 21.— West Indies. 26. T. Bancroft!, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 204 ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 56. T. coriaceum, Kunze. — West Indies. 27. T. crinitum, Sw. ; Hedw. Fil. cum Ic. — West Indies. 28. T. superbum, Backhouse, Cat. (1861); Gard. Chron. (1862), p. 44.— Borneo. *** Vernation fasciculate, erect. 29. T. .Tavanicum, Blume; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 240; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 37. T. alatum, Bory, in Dup. Voy. t. 38, f. 2 (non Sw.). T. rhomboideum, /. Sm. T. curvatum, J. Sin. — Malayan and Pacific Islands. 30. T. Leprieurii, Kunze, Hook. Gard. Fewis, 1. 11. T. anceps, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, £. 40 C ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 68. T. Mandioccana, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 79. — Brazil and West Indies. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED PERNS. 255 31. T. rigidum, Siv. ; Hedw. Fil. cum Ic. T. obscurum, Blume. — Tropics. 32. T. foBniculaceum, Bory. T. meifolium, Kaulf. En. Fil. t. 2 (non Bory). — Mauritius and Bourbon. 33. T. meifolium, Bory. T. Bauerianum, Endl. — East Indies, Bourbon, Malayan, Philippine and Pacific Islands, Norfolk Island. 34. T. elongatum, A. Gunn. ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 701. — New Zealand. 35. T. setigerum, Backhouse, Cat. (1861); Gard. Chron. (1862).— Borneo. 36. T. saxatile, Moore, in Gard. Chron. (1862). T. rupestre, Backhouse, Cat. (1861).— Borneo. 37. T. tricophyUum, Moore, in Gard. Chron. (1862). — Borneo. 139. FEEA, Bory. Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds of two forms, 2-6 inches high; the sterile pinnatifid or sub-pinnate ; the fertile contracted, rachiform, stipate, longer than the i sterile. Veins simple or forked ; venules free. •i Sori terminal, free, pedi- cellate, in a row along both sides of the rachis.* Indusium tubular, caly- ciform. Receptacle fili- form, continued beyond the sporangia and mouth of the mdusium. Genus 139,— Barren and fertile frond, natural size. No. 1 . Not one-sided as shown in figure. 256 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 1. F. spicata, Presl. Trichomanes spicatum, Hedw. ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 60 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 67 G. T. elegans, Rudge (in part) ; Hook. Exot. Fil. t. 52. Feea polypodina, Bory, in Diet. Sc. Nat. cum Ic. — West Indies. 2. F. nana, Bory. Trichomanes nanum, Bory ; Hook. Sp. Fil I, p. 115.— Guiana. 140. HYMENOSTACHYS, Bory. Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds of two forms, 6-10 inches high; the sterile pinnatifid; the fertile contracted, linear, longer than the sterile. Veins in the sterile forked ; venules anastomosing, forming oblique elongated areoles ; in Genus 140.— Portion of barren frond, natural size; ditto fertile enlarged. No. 1. the fertile, simple or forked, free. Sori -terminal, immersed, contiguous in a row along both margins of the fertile frond. Indusium urceolate-calyciform. Receptacle filiform, continued beyond the sporangia and mouth of the indusium. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 257 1. H. elegans, Presl. Trichomanes elegans, Eudge, Guian. t. 35 (in part) ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 108 ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 2.— Guiana, Trinidad, Pacific side of Central America. SUB-ORDER IV.— Q SMUNDACEJE. Sporangia globose, oval or oblong, opening vertically ; apex striated, the strias forming a more or less complete ring, which is sometimes rudimentary only. Sporangia oval or oblong, opening on the exterior side, pro- iuced on contracted racemes, or on terminal or marginal spike-like ippendices, or the fertile frond is vholly contracted, or sub-con- tacted. Apical ring complete. 141. LYGODIUM, 8w. Vernation uniserial, distant tid sarmentose, or contiguous caaspitose. Fronds scandent, I wining, extending to an inde- iinite length ; pinnaa conjugate, )almate-lobed, pinnatifid or pin- late. Veins forked, free. Spo- • angiferous spikelets marginal, Composed of two rows of imbri- ate indusiate cysts, each cyst ontaining an oval resupinate spo- angium attached by its inner >jide, and opening longitudinally n its outer side. . L. palmatum, 8w.; Schk. Fil. ^.140 ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 74 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t- 24. — North America. m Genus 141. — Portion of fertile * frond, under side. No 2. 258 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 2. L. flexuosiim, Sw, Qphioglossum flexuosum, Linn Lygodium dichotomum, Sw. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 55. — East Indies and Malayan Archipelago. 3. L. circinnatum, Sw. — Malayan and Philippine Islands. 4. L. scandens, Sw. Ophioglossum scandens, Linn. — East Indies. 5. L. Japonieum, 8w. Ophioglossum Japonioum, Tlmrib. — China and Japan. 6. L. articulatum, A. Rich, in Voy. d*Astrolale, 1. 15.— New Zealand, 7. L. polystachyum, Wall. — East Indies. 8. L. microphyllum, R. Br. — Tropical Australia, Polynesian Islands, 142. LYGODICTYON, /. 8m. Vernation and general habit the same as in Lygodium. Veins reticulated. Genus 142.— Barren and fertile pinna, natural size ; fertile enlarged. No. 1. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 259 1. L. Forsteri, J. 8m. in Hook. Gen. Fil. t. Ill B. Lygo- dium reticulatum, Schk. Fil. t. 139. Hydroglossum polycarpum, Willd. Ophioglossum scandens, Forst. (non Linn.). — Polynesian Islands. 2. L. heterodoxum, /. Sm. Lygodium heterodoxum, Kunze, Fil. t. 113. Hydroglossum heterodoxum, Moore. Lygodium Lindeni, Sort. — Guatemala. 143. ANEMIA, Sw. Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. Fronds pinnate or bi-tripinnatifid ; the fertile always tripartite, the two opposite segments contracted, erect, con- stituting two sporangiferous ra- cemes, the third segment sterile, with forked free veins. Sporangia :oval, attached by the base, open- ing vertically on the exterior side. 1. A. Dregeana, Kunze, Fil. t. 20 ; Hook. Icon. PI. t. 236.— South Africa. O^Collina, Radd. Fil Bras, t. 12 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t.~L. Anemia lniria,,Hort. (non Sw.). — Tropical America. 3. A. Mandioccana,5Ml Fil. Bras. t. 9, /. 1 ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 36.— Brazil. t. A.tomentosa,#M7. Osmunda tomentosa, Lam. Ane- mia flexuosa, Sw. ; Eadd. Fil. Bras. 1. 13 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 30. • A. villosa, H. et B. ; Genus 143.— Barren pinna. No. 7- Presl. A. raddiana, Link. A. ferruginea, H. B. K. Anemia cheilanthoides, Kaulf. ; e cheilanthoides. — Tropical America, Brazil. So a 260 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 5. A. fulva, 8w. ; 8M.FH. t. 142 ; Hook. Fil Exot.t. 126.— Tropical America. 6. A. hirsuta, Sw. Osmunda hirsuta, Linn. (Plum. Fil. 1. 162). Anemia repens, Eadd. Fil. Bras. t. 2 B. — Tropical America. 7. A. adiantifolia, Sw. ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 32. Osmunda adiantifolia, Linn. (Plum. Fil. 1. 158). Anemia cicu- taria, Moore et Houlst. Anemia adiantifolia, (3 asple- nifolia, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 16. A. asplenifolia, Sw. — Tropical America. 144. ANEMIDICTYON, J. 8m. Vernation and habit the same as in Anemia; but with reticulated veins. Genus U4.— Barren pinna, natural size; fertile spike, ditto. No. 1. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FEENS. 261 1. A. Phyllitidis, J. 8m. in HooTc. Gen.Fil.tlQ3. Osmunda Phyllitidis, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 156). Anemia Phyllitidis, Sw. ; (3 longifolium. Anemia longifolia, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 8. Anemidictyon Phyllitidis, Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 71 ; y fraxinifoEum. Anemia fraxinifolia, Eadd. Fil. Bras. t. 8 bis; £ densum. Anemia densa, Link. — Tropical America. 145. MOHRIA, Sw. Vernation fasciculate, decumbent. Fronds bipinnate, 6-12 inches high ; pinnas entire, laciniated, or multifid ; the fertile generally contracted, constituting a sporangiferous raceme, or sub-contracted, with the margin of the segments inflexed, indusiform, and spo- rangiferous. Veins free. Sporangia sessile, oval or nearly globose, opening vertically on their exterior side. 1. M. thurifraga, Sw. Syn. Fil. tf.5; SchTc. Fil.t.US; Hook. Gen. Fi}. 1. 104 B; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 70. Osmunda thurifraga, Linn.; ft achillaefolia, Genu? 145 ._Portion of Lowe's New Ferns, t. 42 B. Mohria fertile frond, under achillsefolia, Hort.— South Africa. side' No' K 146. SCHIZJEA, 8m. Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent, rarely distant. Fronds linear, simple, stipitiform, simply forked, or dichoto- mously flabellate, 2-20 inches high. Veins forked, free. Fertile appendices terminal, pinnate, cristseform ; segments induplicate, each bearing on its inner side two compact rows of sessile oval sporangia, attached by their base and opening vertically. 1. S. pusilla, PursJi ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 47. — United States and New Zealand. 262 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 2. S. elegans, Sw. Lophidium elegans, Presl. Schizsea elegans ; a latifolia, Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 34. — Tropical America. Genus 146. — Portion of barren and fertile frond, natural size j fertile spikelet enlarged. No. 2. >. rupestris, R. Br. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fit. t. 48 ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 42. — Australia. 147. ACTINOSTACHYS, Wall. Vernation uniserial, contiguous ; sarmentum short. Fronds linear, simple, stipitiform, compressed, triquetrous at the base, 9 -18 inches high. Costa prominent, continuous. Fertile appen- dices terminal, digitato-flabellate, cristaeform ; segments indu- AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 263 plicate, each bearing on its inner side four rows of sessile, oval sporangia, attached by their base and opening vertically. Genus 147.— Portion of fertile frond, natural size j spikelet enlarged. No. 1. 1. A. digitata, Wall. Schizaea digitata, Sw. ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 49. — East Indies; Malayan, Philippine, and Fiji Islands. .TRIBE II. — OSMUNDE^J. Sporangia globose, reticulated, short-pedicellate, oblique and gibbous at the apex, opening by a vertical slit, sub-bivalved, Ring incomplete or obsolete. 148. OSMTTNDA, Linn. Vernation fasciculate, erect, subarboreous. Fronds pinnate or bipinnate, 3—10 feet high ; pinnae articulated with the rachis. Veins forked ; venules free. Fertile fronds wholly, or the upper or middle portion, contracted, forming simple or compound sporangiferous panicles. 264 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. * Fertile frond wholly contracted. (Osmundastrum.) 1. O. cinnamomea, Linn.; ScJik. Fil. t. 146 ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 45; Lowe's Ferns, 8, 1. 1. — North and South America, East Indies. ** Lateral pinnce of fertile frond con- tracted. (Plenasium.) 2. O. Claytoniana, Linn. ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 2. O. interrupta, Michx. ; ScJik.Fil. 1. 144.— North America. *** Terminal pinnce of fertile frond contracted. (Euosmunda.) 3. O. regalis, Linn. (Plum. Fil.t.B,fA)'tSchk. Fil. t. 145 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 46 A ; Eng. Bot. t. 209 ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 50 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 45 ; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 44 ; — var. cristatus, Moore, in Gard. Chron. (1863).— North Temperate Zone, Brazil. Genus 148. — Pinnu'e of barren frond, and fertile spike, natural size. No. 3. 4. O. spectabilis, Willd. 0. regalis, var. (3, Linn. — North America. 5. O. gracilis, Link. — North America. 149. TODEA, Willd., Vernation fasciculate, erect, sub-arboreous. Fronds bipinna- tifid, 2—6 feet high; pinna3 coriaceous or membranaceous; fertile frond sub-contracted. Veins forked; venules free. AN ENUMEKATION OF CULTIVATED FEKNS. 265 Receptacles medial. Sori oblong, linear, simple or forked, naked, often confluent. Genus 149.— Portion of fertile frond, under side. No. 1. * Fronds coriaceous, opaque. (Eutodea.) 1. T. Africana, Willd. ; Schk. Fil. t. 147; Hook. Gen. Fil, t. 46 J5, /. 1 ; Hook. fil. Fl. Tasm. t. 168 ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 67. Acrostichum barbarum, Linn. Todea barbara, Moore's Synop. T. rivularis, Sieb. ; Kunze, Anal. t. 4. T. Australasica, A. Cunn. — South Africa, Australia, Tasmania. ** Fronds membraneous. (Leptopteris.) 2. T. hymenophylloides, Rich. Voy. d* Astrolabe, 1. 16 ; Hook. Gen. Fil, t. 46 13, f. 7 ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 54. Leptopteris hymenophylloides, Presl. Todea pellucida, Carm. ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 8.— New Zealand. 3. T. superba, Colenso. Leptopteris superba, Hook. Ic. PI- t. 910.— New Zealand. 4. T. Fraseri, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 101. Leptopteris Fraseri, Presl. — New Holland. § 2. Exannulatce. Sporangia coriaceous, opaque, destitute of a ring. ' ^-ORI>EJI%— MARATTIACE^l, Kaadf. Sporangia dorsal, exannulate, opaque, horny, generally sessile, distinct, or connate and forming synangia, opening by a pore or longitudinal slit. 266 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 150. MARATTIA, 8m. Genus 150.— Fertile pinnule, under side. No. 5. Vernation fasciculate, erect, subarboreous; each frond rising from between two fleshy sti- pulseform appendages (which sometimes assume the cha- racter of abnormal fronds) ; base of the stipes clavate, pseudo-articulated with the axis. Fronds bi-tripinnate, 6—18 inches high ; pinnules articulated with the rachis. Veins simple or forked, free. Synangia sessile, superficial, oblong, distant, sub-terminal, longitudinally bivalved, each valve consisting of 3-12 late- rally-connate sporangia, which open by a slit on their interior side. Receptacles sometimes furnished with an indusioid fimbriate membrane. 1. M. alata, 8m. Ic. ined. t. 46; BcKk. Fil. t. 152 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 26. Disco- stegia alata, Presl. Marattia Lauchi- ana, Hort. — West Indies. 2. M. cicutaefolia, Kaulf. ; Mart. Ic. Crypt. Bras. t. 69, 71, 72. Gymnotheca cicutaefolia, Presl. — Brazil. 3. M. elegans, Endl— Norfolk Island, New Zealand. 4. M. fraxinea, 8m. Ic. ined. t. 48; Schk. Fil. t. 152.— Mauritius, West Africa. 5. M. laxa, Kunze ; Schk. Supp. 1, t. 95 ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 77. Gymnotheca laxa, Presl. Marattia macro- phylla, Hort. — Mexico. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 267 6. M. purpurascens, De Vriese; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 65. Marattia Ascensionis, J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857) ; var. cristata, /. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857).— Island of Ascension. 7. M. Verschaffeltiana, J. 8m. GymnothecaVerschaffeltiana, De Vriese. 151. EUPODIUM, J. 8m. Vernation and general character as in Marattia, differing in the synangia being pedicellate. Genus 151.— Portion of fertile frond, natural size} ditto enlarged. No. 1. 1. E. Kaulfussii, /. 8m.; Hook. Gen. Fil. 1.118. Marattia Kaulfussii, /. 8m. ; Hook. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 95 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 17. Marattia lee vis, Kaulf. (non 8m.). — Brazil. 268 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 152. ANG-IOPTERIS, Eoffm. Vernation fasciculate, erect, subarboreous ; each frond rising from between two fleshy stipulaeform appendages ; base of the stipes clavate, pseudo-articulated with the axis. Fronds 6-1 8 feet high, bipinnate ; pinnules articu- lated with the rachis. Veins simple or forked, free. Re- ceptacles oblong, linear, sub- terminal. Sporangia 7—24, biserial, sessile, free, open- ing by a slit on the inner side. Sori oblong, late- rally contiguous, forming a broad, submarginal, trans- verse band. 1. A. evecta, Ho/m. ; ScKk. Fil t. 150 ; Hook. Fil Exot. t. 15. Poly podium evectum, Forst. — Islands of the Pa- cific Ocean and Ceylon. 2. A. Teysmanniana, De Vriese, Mon. Maratt. t. 1-2 ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 76. — Java. 3. A. Brongniartiana, De Vriese, Mon. Maratt. t. 3, /. 5.— Tahiti. 4. A. pruinosa, Kunze, Fil. t. 91. — Java. 5. A. hypoleuca, De Vriese. — Java. 6. A. Miqueliana, De Vriese. A. longifolia, Miq. et Hort. — Malayan Islands. Genus 152. — Fertile pinnule, under side. No. 2. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 269 153. DANJEA, 8m. Vernation uniserial, contiguous, decumbent; sarmentum thick, fleshy ; each frond rising from between two short etipulseform appendages, and having the stipes once or more times articulated. Fronds pinnate, rarely simple, 1-3 feet high, the fertile usually somewhat contracted ; pinnae opposite, linear- lanceolate, articulated with the rachis. Veins forked ; venules Genus 153. — Barren and fertile frond, natural size ; synangium enlarged. No. 1. parallel, their apices arcuate and anastomosing at the margin. Synangia sessile, immersed, linear, contiguous, occupying nearly the whole length of the venules, and covering the whole under surface of the fertile fronds ; each consisting of two rows of numerous laterally and oppositely connate sporangia united into a concrete mass, forming linear synangia, each cell opening by a circular pore at their apices. 1. D. alata, 8m.; Hook, et Grev.Ic. Fit $.18; Hook. Gen.Fil. t. 7. — West Indies and Tropical America. 2. D. nodosa, 8m. ; Sdik. Fil t. 152 ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 51. Asplenium nodosum, Linn. (Plwm. Fil. 1. 108). — "West Indies and Tropical America. 270 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 154. KAULFUSSIA, Blume. Vernation uniserial, contiguous, decumbent; sarmentura thick, fleshy ; each frond rising from between two short, fleshy, stipulaeform appendages. Fronds broad, pinnately -trifoliate, with the two lower pinnae sometimes bipartite, 1-2 feet high, long, stipate, pale underneath, and furnished with numerous con- cave dots. Veins costseform, parallel ; venules compound ana- stomosing, with free veinlets terminating within the areoles. Synangia sessile, compital, super- ficial, distant, orbicular, concave- hemispherical, each consisting of 10-20 sporangia, laterally con- nate in a circular series, and Genus 154.— Portion of fertile frond, . , ,.. ., . . . . slightly enlarged. No. i. opening by a slit on their interior side. 1. K. sesculifolia, Btume ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil t. 229 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 59 A. — Java and Philippine Islands. Flowerless plants consisting of straight evolved fronds, which produce from their disk or base a rachiform, simple or com- pound paniculate spike, of unilocular, sessile, connate, homo- geneous cases (sporangia), opening by a vertical slit in two valves, containing reproducing spores. 155. OPHIOGLOSSUM, Linn. Fronds erect or pendulous, with dissimilar fertile and sterile segments, or rarely the whole frond rachiform. Sterile frond or segments foliaceous, simple, entire, palmately lobed or dicho- tomously branched. Veins reticulated. Fertile segments spike- like, simple or rarely forked. Sporangia connate, in two rows, AN ENUMERATION Ofl CULTIVATED FEENS. 271 forming a distichous, synangeous spike, each cell opening hoi*izontally in two equal valves. Genus 155.— Plant natural size j fertile spike enlarged. No. 3. * Fronds erect, the sterile segments ovate or linear (Terrestrial). (Euophioglossum.) 1. O. Lusitanicum, Linn.; Hook, et Grev. Tc. Fit. t. 80 ; Lindl. and Moore 's Brit. Ferns, t. 51 C ; Sowerly's Ferns, t. 47. Ophioglossum vulgatum, var. angusti- foliuin, Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 47.— South of Europe. 2. O. pedunculosum, Desv.; Kunze, Fil. t. 29, f. 2.— North America. 272 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 3. O. vulgatum, Linn. ; Schk. Fit. t. 153 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 59 B ; Eng. Sot. t. 108 ; Lindl and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 51 B ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 46 ; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 46. — Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemisphere. 4. O. reticulatum, Linn. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 20 (Plum. Fil. t. 164).— Tropics. ** Fronds pendulous; the sterile segments ribbon-formed, usually dichotomously branched (Epiphytal). (Ophioderma.) 5. O. pendulum, Linn. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 19 ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 33. — Tropics of Eastern Hemisphere. 6. O. furcatum, /. Sm. Ophioglossum pendulum ; /3 furcatum, Presl, Tent. Pterid. Supp. p. 56. — Queensland. *** Fronds palmate, pendulous. (Cheiroglossa.) 7. O. palmatum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. 1. 163) ; Hook. Ic. PI. t.4>. — West Indies, New Granada, Peru, Brazil, Mauritius. 156. HELMINTHOSTACHYS, Kaulf. Fronds erect, with dissimilar sterile and fertile segments. Sterile segments foliaceous, digitate, pedate. Veins forked ; Genus 156. — Portion of sterile pinna, natural size ; ditto enlarged; fertile spike, natural size. No. 1. AN ENUMEEATION OF CULTIVATED PEENS. 273 vemiles free. Fertile segment a rachiform spike. Sporangia subglobose, sessile, in pedicellate crested whorls (rarely distinct), forming a clustered simple spike, opening vertically by a slit on ithe exterior side. 1. H. Zeylanica, Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 47 B ; Hook. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 94 ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 28. Osmunda Zeylanica, Linn. Helminthostachys dulcis, Kaulf. — Ceylon, Malay, Molucca, Philippine, and other islands. 157. BOTBYCHIUM, Linn. Fronds erect, with dissimilar sterile and fertile segments. Sterile segments foliaceous, deltoid, bi-tripinnatifidly decom- Genus 157.— Portion of barren and fertile segments, natural sizej fertile enlarged. T 274 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. pound, rarely pinnate. Veins forked; venules free. Fertile segments rachiform, compound paniculate. Sporangia distinct, in two unilateral rows, opening vertically in two equal valves. 1. B. simplex, Hitchcock ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 82. — North America. 2. B. Lunaria, 8w. ; Schk. Fil 1. 154 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 47 A ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 51 A; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 48 ; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 45. Osmunda Lunaria, Linn. Eng. Bot. t. 318; — /3 rutaceum. Botrychium rutaceum, Siv. ; Schk. Fil. t. 155 B. — Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemisphere. 3. B. lunar ioides, Sw. Botrypus lunarioides, Miclix.; — ft obliquum, A. Gray. Botrychium obliquum, Muhl. B. lunarioides, Schk. Fil. t. 157 ; — y dissectum, A. Gray. Botrychium dissectum, Spr. ; Schk. Fil. 1. 158. — North America. 4. B. Virginicum, Willd. Osmunda Yirginica, Linn. Botry- chium Virginian um, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 156; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 29. — Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemisphere, Tropical America, East Indies, and Ceylon. ORDER IY.— LYCOPODIACE^I. Flowerless moss or fern-like plants, consisting of firm, erect, creeping or pendulous, simple or branched, often flagelliform stems, furnished with acerose, rusciform or jungermannia-like, sessile leaves, which are generally imbricate, and often disti- chous and of two kinds, bearing in their axis, or on contracted terminal spikes, 1-3-celled reniform or globose sessile spore- cases (sporangia), of one or of two forms ; one called Antheri- dangia, containing numerous spores ; the other Oophoridangia, containing 1-3-8 large spores. 158. PSILOTUM, Sw. Stems dichotomously forked, compressed or angular, rigid, erect or slender, pendulous ; leaves obsolete or small, bract- AN ENUMEEATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 275 ,like. Sporangia subglobose, trilobed, vertically trivalved, solitary in the axis of the bract-like leaves. Genus 158. — Portion of fertile frond, natural size; spore-case enlarged. No. 1 . 1. P. triquetrum, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 165 6 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 87; Lodd. Cab. t. 1916. Lycopodium nudum, Linn. — Tropics and sub- tropical regions of both hemispheres. 159. LYCOPODIUM, Lwm. or 276 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN. * Stems creeping. (Epigeous.) 1. L. clavatum, Linn.; Schk.Fil L 162; Eng. Bot. t. 224.— Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemisphere, Britain. 2. L. annotinum, Linn.; 8cJik. Fil O60; Eng. Bot. t. 239. — Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemisphere, Britain. 3. L. immdatum, Linn.; Schk.Filt.Ifr2; Eng. Bot.i.1727. — Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemisphere, Britain. Genus 15Q.— Portion of plant, natural size; spore-case enlarged. ** Stems erect. (Epigeous.) 4. L. Selago, Linn.; Sclik. Fil. t. 159; Eng. Bot. t. 233.— Europe, Britain. 5. L. alpinum, Linn. ; ScJik. Fil. 1. 161 ; Eng. Bot. t. 234. — Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemisphere, Britain. 6. L.densum, LdbilNov. Holl. 2, t. 251, /. 1.— Australia. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 277 7. L. fastigiatum, R. Br. — New Zealand. 8. L. complanatum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 165, /. B) ; Sclile. Fil. t. 163.— Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemi- sphere. 9. L. dendroideum, Michx. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 5, p. 21. — North America. 10. L. cermmm, Linn. (Rheed. Mai. t. 2, t. 39) ; Burm. Fl. Zey. t. 66 (Plum. Fil. t. 155, /. A)— Tropics ; verj general. *** Stems pendulous. (Epiphytal.) LI. L. Phlegmaria, Linn. (Rheed. Mai. 12, 114). — Tropics of the Eastern Hemisphere. 12. L. verticillatum, Linn.; Willd. Sp. PI. 5, p. 48.— Mauritius. 13. L. ulicifolium, Vent.; Willd. Sp. PI. 5, p. 27.— India. 14. L. Hookeri, Wall. ; Hook, et Ch-ev. Ic. Fil. 1. 165. — India. 15. L. taxifolium, Sw. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 5, p. 48.— West Indies. 160. SELAGINELLA, Spring. Fern-like plants. Stems offrondules creeping, sub-ascending or erect, scandent, of undefined extension (surculose), or rising Genus l60.— Portion of plant, and the two kinds of spore-cases enlarged. singly from an underground elongating stolon (caulescent}, or in a fasciculate manner from a simple erect centre (rosulate) ; 278 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOEEIGN. leaves generally imbricate, distichous, jungermannia-like, of two sizes ; the smaller stipulseform. Sporangia reniform, vertically bivalved, sessile in the axis of the leaves, or on con- tracted] terminal spikes. Spores of two forms : in some, sporangia (AntJieridangia) small and numerous; in others (Oophoridangia), 3-4, large. A. Plant leafy on all sides. 1g S. spinulosa, Spring. Lycopodium selaginoides, Linn.; 8cKk. Fil. 1. 165 ; Eng. Sot. 1. 1148.— Europe, Britain. 2. S. uliginosa, Lab. Nov. Holl. 2, p. 104, t. 251, /. 2; Willd* Sp. PI. 5, p. 32. — Australia and Tasmania. S. Leaves distichous. § 1. Plants surculose. f Stems decumbent, creeping. 3. S. Apus, Spring. Monogr. p. 75. S. densa, Hort. Lycopo- dium Brasiliense, Radd. Fil. Bras. 82, t. 1.— North America and Brazil. 4. S. Ludoviciana, A. Braun. Revise, No. 5. — Louisiana. 5. S. Helvetica, Link ; Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 83. Lycopodium Helveticum, Linn. — Europe, Switzerland. 6. S. denticulata, Link ; Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 82. Lyco- podium denticulatum, Linn. — Central Europe. 7. S. delicatissima,^. Braun. Revise, No. 8. S. microphylla, Spring. —Columbia. 8. S. serpens, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 102. Lycopodium serpens, Desv. S. mutabalis, Hort. S. variabilis, Sort. S. Jamaicensis, Hort. — Jamaica. 9. S. uncinata, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 109. S. cassia, Hort. — China. 10. S. hortensis, Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips.p. 128. S. denticu- lata, Hort. — South of Europe. 11. S. sarmentosa, A. Braun. S. patula, Spring. S. apo- thecia, Hort. — West Indies. 12. S. Pceppigiana, Spring. ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 56. — Tropical America. AN ENUMEEATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 279 13. S. stenophylla, A. Sraun. Revise, No. 35. S. micro- phylla, Hort. — Mexico. ff Stems sul-erect. 14. S. Martensii, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 129. Lycopodium stoloniferum, Link. Lycopodium Brasiliense, Hort. — Mexico. 15. S. Breynii, Spring. Monogr. 2,jp. 119. S. Panamensis, Hort. S. Pseppigiana, Hort. — Guiana. 16. S. Galeottii, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 220. Lycopodium stoloniferum, Mart, et Gal. S. Schottii, Hort. — Mexico. 17. S. sulcata, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 214. Lycopodium sulcatum, Desv. — Columbia. 18. S. atroviridis, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 124. Lycopodium atroviride, Wall. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 39.— East Indies. 19. S. insequalifolia, Spring. Monogr. 2,p. 148. Lycopodium insequalifolium, Hook, et Grev. — East Indies and Java. 20. S. ciliata, A. Braun. Revise, No. 14. Lycopodium ciliatum, Willd. — Tropical America. 21. S. Griffith!!, Spring.; Veitch. Cat. (1861).— Borneo. ftf Stems scandent. 22. S. laevigata, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 137. Lycopodium laevigatum, Willd. Lycopodium Willdenovii, Desv. Selaginella csesia, var. arborea, Hort. S. altissima, Klot.— East Indies. § 2. Plants caulescent. 23. S. caulescens, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 158. Lycopodium caulescens, Wall. var. minor, Veitch. Cat. (1861). — East Indies. 24. S. erythropus, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 156. Lydopodium erythropus, Mart. Ic. Sel. PI. Crypt, t. 20, /. 3.— Tropical America. 25. S. viticulosa, Klot. ; Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 186. — Columbia. 26. S. flabellata, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 174. Lycopodium flabellatum, Linn. — Columbia and Peru. 280 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 27. S. filicina, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 189. S. dichrous, Sort. — Columbia and Peru. 28. S. Africana, A. Braun. Revise, No. 23. S. Yogelii, Spring. — Fernando Po. 29. S. pubescens, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 173. Lycopodium pubescens, Wall.] S. Willdenovii, Hort. — East Indies. 30. S. Lyallii, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 168. Lycopodium Lyallii, Hook, et Grev. — Madagascar. 31. S. Lobbii, Hort. ; A. Braun. Revise, App. No. 26 ; Veitch. Cat. (1861).— Borneo. 32. S. Wallichii, Hort. ; Veitch. Cat. (1861).— Penang. § 3. Plants rosulate. 33. S. cuspidata, Link ; Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 66. S. pal- ' lescens, Klot. S. circinalis, Hort. — Tropical America. 34. S. convoluta, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 69. Lycopodium convolutum, Walk, and Arnott. Lycopodium para- doxa, Hort. — Tropical America. 35. S. involvens, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 63. Lycopodium involvens, Sw. — India. 36. S. lepidophylla, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 27. Lycopodium lepidophyllum, Hook, et Grev. — Mexico. ORDER Y.-MARSILEACEJE. Plants growing in, or floating in water (rarely not in water), very various in character, consisting of grass or trefoil-like leaves, or branched with imbricated leaves, bearing sporangia (conceptacles*) at their roots, or base, or on the footstalks, or on small branchlets on the under side, which are 1-4, or many- celled. 161. MARSILEA, Linn. Plants with quadrifid (trefoil-like) leaves on a long footstalk, from a rhizome growing under water. Sporangia (conceptades) borne on the rhizome at the base of the foo'tetalk, or pedicellate A hollow case containing spore-cases; a compound sporangium AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FEKNS. 281 on the footstalk, 2-valved, containing numerous obovate recep- tacles in two longitudiual series, bearing cellular vesicles of Genus l6l.— Plant with spore-cases, natural size. No. 1. two kinds — 1. (Antheridangid), containing numerous small spores ; 2. (Oophoridangia), containing a single large spore. 1. M. quadrifolia, Linn. ; Willd. Sp. PI 5, p. 538 ; Sells. Crypt. 1. 173. — Germany. 2. M. macropus, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 909 ; Gard. Ferns, t. 63 ; Seemann, Journ. Bot. 1, p. 6. (The Nardoo plant of Australian explorers.) — Australia. FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 162. PILULABIA, Linn. Plants with filiform leaves, from a creeping rhizome under water. Sporangia (conceptacles) radical (at the base of the leaves on the rhizome), globose, coriaceous, 2-4-celled, 2-4-valved, each Genus 162.— Plant, natural size. No. 1. cell containing different kinds of bodies : — 1. (Antheridangia), consisting of vesicles containing many minute granular spores ; 2. (Oophoridangia), each containing a single large spore. 1. P. globulifera, Linn. ; Willd. Sp. PL 5, p. 535 ; Bolt. Fil. t. 40 ; ScJik. Crypt, t. 173 ; E-ng. Sot. t. 521. — Europe and Britain. 163. ISOETES, Linn.'. Plants with awl-shaped leaves, from a thick creeping rhizome under water or out of water. Sporangia (conceptacles) borne in the AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. axis of the leaves at their base, globose, 1 -celled, traversed by thread-like receptacles of two kinds : — 1. (Antheridangia), containing numerous small spores ; 2. (Oophoridangia), con- taining large 4- sided spores. Genus 1 63.— Plant, natural size. No. 1. 1. I. lacustris, Linn. ; Willd. Sp. PL 5, p. 534 ; Bolt. Fil t. 41 ; 8M. Crypt. 1. 173 ; Eng. Bot. 1084.— Europe, Britain. 284 ADDENDA. A CONSIDERABLE time having elapsed since the pre- ceding Enumeration was prepared and sent to the press, has enabled me to note a number of recently introduced, and a few omitted older species, which I now enumerate in the form of addenda. . — Those marked thus f after the name of the country- are entered on the authority of Mr. T. Moore's notices of them, in the Proceedings of the Royal Horticultural Society and the Gardeners' Chronicle newspaper ; not having myself seen them alive or -obtained specimens. 38. LOMARtOPSIS. '2*. L. fraxinea, J. Sm. Lomana fraxinea, Willd. Acro- stichum (Lomariopsis) sorbifolium, Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 241 (non J. Sm.). — Mauritius. OBS.— This is a very distinct plant from the West Indian type of L. sorbifolia. 50. GYMNO GRAMMA. § 7. Ampelogramma, J". Sm. Vernation sarmentose, according to Hook. ; fronds indefinite ; rachis flexuose ; pinnae bi-tripinnate, refracted; pinnules small, cuneiform. 18. G. flexuosa, Desv.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 192. G-. retro- fracta, Hook, et Grev. Bot. Misc. 3> t. 112.— Tropical America. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 285 62. DICTYOPTERIS. 2. D. macrodonta, Presl, Tetn. Pterid.; J. 8m. Gen. Fil. Philipp. ; Hook. Journ. Bot. 3, p. 396. Poly-podium macrodon, Reinw. in Herb. J. Sm. Aspidium difforme, Blume, accord, to Reinw. in Herb. J. Sm. Polypo- dium confluens, Wall. — East Indies, Malayan Archi- pelago, Fiji. OBS. — In Herbariums and books there is great confusion in the synonymy of what, according to Garden plants, seem to be two distinct species ; — viz., Dictyopteris irregularis and D. macrodon of Presl ; judging from Herbarium specimens, they are difficult to be recognized as distinct ; but living plants show the first to have erect vernation, the other decumbent. The Kew Collection is indebted for this species, as also the beautiful Microlepia platyphylla, and others, to Mr. Robert Kennedy, Florist and Fern-dealer in Covent Garden. 3. D. Cameroonianis, /. 8m. Polypodium (Dictyopteris) Cameroonianum, Hoo'k. Sp.Fil. 5,jp.l04. Dictyopteris varians, Moore, in Gard. Cliron. (1864). — Tropical West Africa. OBS. — A plant of this Fern was sent some time ago from Old Calabar to the Eoyal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, and I am indebted for a specimen of it to Mr. James McNab, the Curator of that truly scientific garden. 63. MENISCIUM. [. angustifolium, Willd. ; Hoo'k. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 164.— Tropical America. 65. NEPHRODITTM. 4*. N. cyatheoides, Kaulf. ; Hoo'k. Sp. Fil. 4, t. 241. Poly- stichum Dubreuillianum, Gaud, in Freyc. Voy. Bot. Crypt, t. 9. — Sandwich Islands. OBS. — It is but right to observe that this remarkable species, as also the Sandwich Island Ferns in this addenda, with the previously entered Phegopteris unidentata, and the remarkable 286 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Colysis Spectrum, also the beautiful Cibotium Menziesii, were sent to the Eoyal Gardens, Kew, from the Sandwich Islands by Dr. Hillebrand, in 1863. 68. CYRTOMIUM. 1*. C. Fortune!, J. 8m. Fronds 1-1 1 foot long, pinnate ; pinnao lanceolate, falcate, acuminate, 2-3 inches long, 1 inch wide, entire, the base oblique, the inferior rounded, the superior truncate and subauriculate. Costa ebenous, upper surface dull, unreflecting. Sori numerous. — Japan. OBS. — In Herbaria, specimens of this cannot readily be dis- tinguished from C. falcatum ; but on seeing living plants stand- ing side by side, the difference is evident ; G. Fortunei being a smaller-growing plant, thinner in texture, and not lucid and reflecting light, as C.falcatum. 70. ASPIDIUM. 3*. A. polymorphum, Wall. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 54 (exclud. syn.}. — India, Ceylon. 3**. A. Barter!, /. Sm. Vernation erect. Fronds pinnate, 1-2 feet high ; pinnae linear-lanceolate, 6-7 inches long, 1—1^ broad ; the lower pair sometimes binate, or auriculated on the lower margin. Sori regularly biserial between the primary veins. Indusium small, fugaceous. Aspidium polymorphum, Wall, ac- cording to Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 54. — West Africa, Fernando Po. OBS. — This is quite distinct from the preceding species. In A. Barteri the sori are perfectly serial, whereas in A. poly- morphum the sori are scattered. 74. POLYSTICHUM.' 6*. P. lepidocaulon, /. 8m. Aspidium lepidocaulon, Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, t. 217.— Japan. AN ENUMEEATION OP CULTIVATED FEENS. 287 OBS. — On receiving this plant, it accorded so well with the Indian specimen of P. obliquum, which led to that name being inserted at p. 149, but the plant grew out of its imported form ; and if the Indian plant (which has not yet been introduced) should assume the character of this by cultivation, then this name must become a synonym. The introduction of this species is due to Mr. Eichard Oldham, the last special collector of plants sent out from Kew, who, after remaining three years in Japan, visited Formosa, where his health failed. He returned to Amoy, and there died in November, 1864. 10*. P. concavum, Moore, Proc. Hort. Soc. 11, 377. Lastrea Standishii, Hort. — Japan.f 10**. P. ordinatum, Fee ; Moore, Proc. Hort. Soc. 11, 367.— Tropical America.f 75. LASTREA. 29*. L. spectabilis, J. 8m. in Enum. Fit. PTiilipp.Hoo'k. Journ. Sot. 3 (1841). Aspidium spectabile, Blume. — Philip- pine and Malayan Islands, India. 41*. L. sparsa, Moore. Nephrodium sparsum, Don. As- pidium purpurascens, Blume, according to Hoolc. Sp. Fit. 3, p. 133, t. 262.— Throughout India, Java, and Ceylon. 41**. L. latifrons, J. Sm. Nephrodium (Lastrea) latifrons, Hoolc. Sp. Fil 4, p. 138.— Sandwich Islands. 41***. L. membranifolia, Presl, Pterid. Nephrodium mem- branifoliurn, Presl, Eeliq. Haenk. t. 6, /. 3 ; Hook. Sp. Fil 4, t. 26.— India, Ceylon. 79. NEPHROLEPIS. 3*. N. falciformis, J". Sm. Fronds suberect, linear, pinnate, 1^-2 feet in length; pinnae numerous; the sterile (lower ones) elliptical, obtuse, .base truncate; the superior ones fertile, lanceolate, falcate, acute, sub- deflexed, 1| inch long by \ inch wide; base truncate, 238 FERNS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN. subauriculate on the upper margin. Sori uniserial, antimarginal. Indusium suborbicular. — Borneo. • OBS. — The affinity of this species is with 1ST. tuberosa ; but seeing the two plants together, the difference is readily seen. 79a. ISOLOMA, /. 8m. Vernation fasciculate, erect, stoloniferous. Fronds linear, 1-2 feet long, pinnate ; pinnae oblong, elliptical or lanceolate, falcate, coriaceous, the base truncate and subauriculated ; petiole short, articulated with the rachis. Veins forked ; sterile Genus 7Qa.— Portion of sterile frond and a fertile pinna, natural size ; ditto enlarged. No. 1. venules free, the fertile transversely combined at the margin, forming a continuous receptacle. Indusium linear, interiorly attached, plane, equal with and conniving with the margin, forming with it a vertical exteriorly open groove, containing the sporangia. 1. I. lanuginosa, J. Sm. in Lond. Journ. Hot. 1, p. 420. LindsEealanuginosa, Wall; Hook. 8p. Fil. 1, t. 69 B. — Singapore, Penang, New Guinea, and Seychelles Islands. AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 289 OBS. — This remarkable Fern has lately been added to the Kew collection, having been sent from the Mauritius Botanic Garden by Mr. John Horn.* In general habit and appearance this Fern is the prototype of Nephrolepis ; but is distinguished by the receptacles being laterally confluent, forming a linear marginal sorus, similar to that of Lindscva, from which it is, however, quite distinct in habit. 84. PHEGOPTERIS. 2*. P. plumosa, /. 8m. Asplenium Felix-foemina, var. plu- mosum, Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, oct. ed. p. 56; Lowe's New Ferns, 1. 14. — Yorkshire (Mr. Stansfield). OBS. — A few years ago three plants of this Fern were found wild in Yorkshire. It was soon afterwards described and figured in the works above quoted, under the name of Asplenium Felix- fcemina,var.plumosum ; but upon what grounds it was referred to AsplenicB I cannot explain, as all the specimens I have examined of it have small, punctiform, naked sori, perfectly characteristic of the genus Phegopteris, with which it also agrees in habit. This leaves me no other alternative than to consider it a species of that genus, and consequently a new British species. In doing so, the question arises as to whether it represents an ancient species not before noticed, or the modern result arising from the power of nature to generate new forms, in accordance with the Darwinian Theory of creation of species. It is, how- ever, to be observed that in abnormal or difformed states of Asplenium and Scolopendrium, the sori are depauperated, in some instances having no vestige of an indusium ; but such is not the case with this plant. The fronds are perfect in every respect, and if Herbarium specimens had been received from some foreign country, no Pteridologist, on seeing the naked sori, would refer it to Asplenioe. 93. ADIANTUM. 35*. A. Gheisbeghtii, Backhouse, Cat. (?) A. tenerum, var. (J. Sm.}. — Tropical America.f * \Vho left Kew in I86l to be assistant to Mr. Duncan. See page 15. U 290 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 39*. A. colpodes, Moore, Gard. Cliron. (1865).— Ecuador.f 44. A. tinctum, Moore, Proc. Hort. Soc. 11, 369.— Tropical America.f 96. PTERIS. 20*. P. straminea, Metten. P. crispa, Hort. (non Linn.). — Chili. 97. LITOBROCHIA. 14*. L. areolata, Moore. Pteris areolata, Lowe's New Ferns, t. 57.— India. t 102. LOMARIA. 2*. L. rigida, J". 8m. Vernation fasciculate, erect, becoming caespitose. Fronds (the sterile) lanceolate, 8-10 inches long, 1^-2 inches broad, erect, rigid, pinnatifid to the rachis ; sinus acute ; segments alternate, contiguous, lanceolate, falcate, finely serrulate ; the lower ones decreasing in size and obtuse. Veins evident. Fertile fronds as broad and rigid as the sterile ; segments be- coming involute, densely sporangiferous. — Chatham Islands. 12*. L. Germanii, Hook. 8p. Fil. 3, t. 152. L. crenulata, Hort— Chili. 110. ASPLENIUM. 33*. A. Kaulfussii, SchlecJit. Adum. (29 in o&s.). A. protensum, Kaulf. (non Schrad.). — Sandwich Islands. 19*. A. tenerum, Forst. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 69.— Islands of the Pacific, Ceylon. 92*. A. nigripes, Metten. ; Hook. Sp. Fil 3, p. 222.— Ceylon. AN ENUMEEATION OF CULTIVATED FEENS. 291 127. DICKSONIA. 6. D. Youngiij Moore, Proc. Hori. Soc. — New South Wales.f 128. CIBOTIUM. 4. C. regale, Linden ; Moore, Gard. Chron. (1864), 414. — Mexico.f CYATHEA. 5*. C. princeps, J. 8m. Cibotium princeps, Linden, Gat. — Mexico. OBS. — Plants of this Fern were sent to this country under the I name of Cibotium princeps ; but a plant in Messrs. Lee's nursery having produced fructification during 1865 proves it to be a Cyatliea. Abstract of the number of species, and date of intro- duction i — - Exotic species at Kew in 1822 40 Do. My Enumeration of Kew Ferns, 1846 ... 355 Do. My Catalogue of Cultivated Ferns, 1857 ... 559 This Enumeration, Exotic and British ... 1028 Do. Fern Allies, Exotic and British 56 Total in 1865 1084 In closing this enumeration, I deem it necessary to state that a few species recently introduced to the Kew collection have failed to become esta- blished, after their names were entered on the list; tlie principal of which are: Dicranoglossum furcatum, Aconiopteris nervosa, Pleocnemia Leuziana, Adian- tum lunulatum, Lomaria Fraseri, Asplenium lanceum, A. radiatum, Antigramma repanda, Polystichum anomalum, Loxsoma Cunninyhamii, Kaulfussia escu- Icefolia. Also the following, entered from my cata- u 2 292 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. logue of 1857, were not in the Kew collection in 1864, viz., Gymnogramma rutcefolia, Hemionites pedata, Notholcena lanuginosa, Myriopteris vestita, OnycMum auratum, Blechnum triangulare, Neplirolepis undulata, Lindscea guianensis, Schizoloma ensifolia, Thyrsopteris eleganSj Botrychium virginicum. Several special causes which lead to the loss of species have already been noticed. I did not intend to advert to them again j but the recent death of Sir W. J. Hooker * necessitates me to repeat what I have stated at pages 42 and 43, where, in speaking of my having resigned the charge of the Kew collec- tion, I said that " happily it remains under the direction of Sir W. J. Hooker." These words will now apply to Dr. Hooker, the present Director, whose name is sufficient in itself to sustain the scientific reputation of Kew. Let us hope that the general collection of living plants of the Botanic Garden, now famous for more than a century, t will not suffer by the modern taste for showy flowers, and what is now fashionably called cc foliage plants." * Died August 12th, 1865. t Number of species at Kew in 1768 .. . . 3,400 Ditto 1786 .. .. 5,500 Ditto 1813 . . , . 9,800 Since the latter date no general catalogue has been pub- lished, and no public record kept of the plants introduced or lost. 293 ETYMOLOGY. MANY cultivators and plant amateurs, not versed in scientific literature, complain of the (to them) difficulty to pronounce names given to plants by botanists. This complaint is, however, more imaginary than real. They have only to recollect that time and use has made them perfectly familiar with such names as Pelargonium, Geranium, Hydran- gea, Calceolaria, Rhododendron, Chrysanthemum, Mesem- bryanthemum, Elscholtzia, Fuchsia, and many others now fluently spoken as if they were original words of their mother-tongue. Others say, these long-sounding names would be more readily reconciled to them if the meaning and bearing upon the plant were ex- plained. To meet this desire, I have drawn up the following table, showing the derivation of the genera of Ferns characterized in the preceding pages. As a general rule, it may be admitted that names of plants are derived from three principal sources. The first, and greater number, being generally a com- pound of two Greek words. The second, names of persons, with the addition, of a Latin termination. The third source is various ; such as the adoption of local aboriginal names, names from Heathen Mythology, and 294 FERNS I BEITISH AND FOKETGN. often words of doubtful origin, and unmeaning appli- cation to the plants, have been given as generic names by even the most learned botanists. N.B. — For all names ending and beginning with Pteris, see Pteris. A coniopteris, oikon, a point, and pteris ; the veins forming sharp angles close to the margin of the frond in the typical species. Acrostichum, akros, highest, stichos, order ; the fructification at the top of the fronds, Adiantum, adiantos, dry ; when plunged in water comes out dry. Alsophila, alsos, grove, pliileo, to love ; grows in groves and shady places. Amphidesmium, am/pM, around, or on both sides, desmos, a band ; relating to the position of the sori to one another. Anapeltis, ano, without, peltis, shield ; the sori naked, in oppo- sition to Pleopeltis. Anchistea, agnati, kindred, intermediate between Woodwardia and Doodia. Anemia, aneimon, naked; naked spikes of fructification. Anemidictyon, veins reticulated ; not free as in Anemia. Anetium, probably from the Greek anaitios, guiltless. This is perhaps meant to indicate that A. citrifolium had been put wrongfully to Acrostichum. Angiopteris, angio, open, pteris ; the open sporangia. Antigramrna, anti, opposite, gramma, a line; the linear sori being in pairs opposite to each other. Antrophyum, antrum, a den or hollow; the receptacles of sporangia being in a grove or channel. Arthropteris, arthron, joint, pteris ; the frond and pinnae being articulate. Aspidium, aspidos ; the indusium being like a buckler or shield. Asplenium, a, privative, splen, the spleen ; medical qualities. Balantmm, lalantion, a purse or bag ; the form of the indu- sium. Blechnum, one of the Greek names for a fern. Botrychium, botrys, bunch or raceme ; the fructification like a bunch of grapes. ETYMOLOGY. 295 Brainea, in honour of C. Braine, Esq., who introduced the first plant. Callipteris, kallos, beautiful, and pteris, beautiful fern. Campyloneurum, kamptos, arched, neuron, a nerve ; the veins forming arches. Cerato pteris, keras, keratos, a horn, pt eris ; horned fern. Ceterach, a name given by Persian physicians. Cheilanthes, clieilos, lip or margin, antlios, flower ; the fructifi- cation on the margin. Cibotium, kibotos, a casket or coffer; the form of the indusium. Cincinalis, meaning unknown. Colysis,kolysis, separation, a species separated from other genera. Coniogramma, konis, dust, gramma, a line ; imperfect sporangia, but not applicable in perfect specimens. Cryptogramma, kryptpa, hidden, gramma, a line or writing ; the lines of fructification being hidden. Cyathea, kyathos, a cup ; the form of indusium. Cyclodium, kyklos, circle ; the form of indusium. Cyclopeltis, kyklos, circular, peltis, shield ; the form of indu- sium. }ystopteris, kystos, a bladder ; the inflated indusium. )anasa, in honour of Pierre Martin Dana, a Piedmont botanist. ivallia, in honour of Edmond Davall, a Swiss botanist. Dicksonia, in honour of James Dickson, a British crypto- gamist. Dicranoglossum, dikranos, forked, glossa, tongue ; the fronds forked and pendulous. Dictymia, diktyon, a net ; the netted venation. Dictyogramma, diktyon, gramma, a line ; the sori reticulated. Dictyopteris, diktyon, pteris ; the veins reticulated. Dictyoxiphium, diktyon, xiphion, sword; the veins reticulated,* and the form of the frond. Didymochlasna, didymos, two or double, chlaena, a cloak ; the indusium being double. Diplazium, diplazo, to be double ; two indusia on the same receptacle. Doodia, in honour of Samuel Doody, a London apothecary, and British cryptogamist. 296 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Doryopteris, dory, spear or halbert, pteris ; form of the fronds. Drymoglossum, drymos, wood, glossa, tongue ; the fronds like tongues on trees. Drynaria, dryads; the sterile fronds being like oak leaves, which tree was sacred to the Dryads. Dryomenis, dryos, dryads (as above), meniskos, a crescent ; shape of the sori. Egenolfia, in honour of Christian Egenolph, a German author of a book on herbs. Elaphoglossum, elaplios, a stag, glossa, tongue ; the fronds being like the stag's tongue. Eupodium, eu, good, pous, podos, a foot ; the sorus having a foot-stalk. Fadyenia, in honour of Dr. M'Fadyen, an eminent physician in Jamaica. Feea, in honour of Mons. A. L. A. Fee, Professor of Botany at Strasburg, a celebrated writer on ferns. Gleichenia, in honour of Baron P. F. von Gleichen, a German botanist. Goniophlebium, gonia, angle, phlebes, veins ; the veins meeting, forming angles. Goniopteris, gonia, angle, pteris ; the veins meeting, forming angles. Grammitis, gramma, a line ; the sori being linear. Gymnogramma, gymnos, naked, gramma, a line ; the sori on the veins in lines, and naked. Gymnopteris, gymnos, naked, pteris ; the fructification naked. Haplopteris, haploos, simple, pteris ; simple venation. Helminthostachys, helminthos, worm, stachys, a spike ; the fructification in compact spikes, worm-like. Hemidictyum, liemi, half, diktyon, a net ; the outer portion only of the veins being reticulated. Hemionites, a name given by ancient botanists to a plant now called Asplenium hemionites, but retained as a generic name for a West Indian fern by Linnaeus. Humata, humatus, humid; in opposition ta -Adiantum. Hymenodium, hymen, membrane ; the character of the frond. Hymenolepis, hymen, membrane, lepis, a scale ; membraneous scales covering the fructification ETYMOLOGY. 297 Hymenophyllum, hymen, membrane, phyllon, leaf; " Filmy- leaf Fern." Hymenostachys, hymen, membrane, stachys, a spike ; the fruc- tification on spikes. Hypoderris, hypo, under, derma, skin ; the indusium under the sori, like a thin skin. Hypolepis, hypo, under, lepis, a scale ; the sporangia under the indusium. Isoetes, isos, equal, etes, the year; remaining the same through- out the year. Isoloma, isos, equal, loma, a border or margin ; the indusium and margin equal. Kaulfussia, in honour of D. G. F. Kaulfuss, of Halle, a cele- brated writer on ferns. Lastrea, in compliment to Chev. de Lastre, a French nobleman. Lepicistis, lepis, scale, Jcistis, a cyst or cell ; the sori being im- mersed in scales, which form a cyst. Leptochilus, leptos, slender, cheilos, lip ; narrow indusium. Leptogramma, leptos, slender, gramma, aline; short linear sori. Leucostegia, Itukos, white, stegos, a cover ; the indusium being pale-coloured, approaching white. Lindssea, in honour of Dr. Lindsay, of Jamaica, a writer on the germination of mosses and ferns. Lithobrochia, lithos, a stone, brocha, spots ; the areoles of the reticulated veins like pavement. Llavea, named by Lagasca after a Mexican traveller. Lomaria, loma, a fringe or border ; relating to the indusium. Lomariopsis, lomaria, opsis, like ; like Lomaria. Lonchitis, logche, a lance ; form of pinnae. Lopholepis, lophos, a crest, lepis, scale ; the sori being furnished with a tuft of slender scales. Lophosoria, lophos, crest or tuft ; sori furnished with hairs like a tuft. Lorinseria, in honour of Gustave Lorinser, a Bohemian physician. Loxsoma, loxos, oblique, soma, band ; the oblique broad ring of the sporangium. Lycopodium, lykos, wolf, pous ; foot-resemblance. Lygodium, lygodes, flexible ; climbing plant. 298 FERNS : BEITISH AND FOKEIGN. Marattia, in honour of J. F. Maratti, of Tuscany, who wrote on ferns. Marsilea, in honour of Count L. F. Marsigli, of Bologna. Meniscium, meniskos, crescent ; shape of the fructification. Mesochlasna, mesos, middle, chlcena, a cloak ; attachment of the indiisium. Microlepia, mikros, small, lepis, scale ; the indusium small. Microsorum, mikros, small ; small sori. Microstaphyla, mikros, small, staphyle, a bunch; the fertile frond being like a little bunch. Mohria, in honour of D. D. Mohr, a German botanist. Myriopteris, myrios, myriad, pteris ; the frond being divided into a number of small parts. Neottopteris, neottia, nest, pteris ; bird's-nest fern. Nephrodium, nephros, kidney; form of the indusium. Nephrolepis, nephros, kidney, lepis, scale; the indusium being kidney-shaped and scale-like. Neurocallis, neuron, a nerve, hallos, beautiful ; the venation. Neurodium, neuron, nerve ; the venation: Niphobolus, niphos, of snow, bolos, a large pill ; the under side of the frond densely covered with white scales, snow-like and the round sori. Niphopsis, niphos, of snow, opsis, like ; like niphobolus. JSTotholsena, nothos, spurious, chlcena, cloak; the imperfect indusium. Ochropteris, ochros, pale ; pale fern. Odontosoria, odontos, of a tooth, sori; the sori-like teeth. Oleandra, resemblance to Nerium Oleander; the Oleander. Olfersia, in honour of Professor Olfers, a celebrated astro- nomer. Onoclea, onos, a vessel, kleio, to enclose; the rolled-up fertile segments of the frond. Onychium, onychion, a little nail; resemblance to the fertile segments of the fronds. Ophioglossom, ophios, of a serpent, glossa, tongue ; the spikes of fructification. Osmunda, Osmunder, one of the names of Thor, a Celtic divinity. Paragramma, para, near to, gramma, a line ; the sori in short lines parallel with and close to the margin. Pellaea, pellos, dark-coloured ; the dusky colour of the fronds. Phegopteris, phegos, beech ; beech fern, by some called sun fern. ETYMOLOGY. 299 Phlebodium, plilebes, veins, odous, a tooth ; the joining of the veins, in the areoles being like teeth. Phymatodes, plvymata, tubercles ; the impressed sori having the appearance of tubercles on the upper side of the frond. Pilularia, pilula, a pill ; the form of the spore-cases. Platycerium, platys, broad, keras, horn ; the fronds divided in broad segments like stags' horns. (The stags' -horn fern.) Platyloma, platys, broad, loma, border ; having broad son ( to the margin. Pleocnemia, pleos, full, Jcnemia, rays ; full of rays ; the vena- tion. • 1 J -JV Pleopeltis, pleos full, peltis, shield ; the sori being furnished witi numerous round scales. Pleuridium, pleura, side (ribs) ; the primary veins being costse- form, like ribs. Poecilopteris, pcelcilos, spotted, pteris ; the appearance oi 1 venation. . Polybotrya, polys, many, lotrys, bunch ; the fructification being in bunch-like racemes. Polypodium, polys, many, pous, foot; polypus; the rhizome, when destitute of the fronds, having the appearance ot some kind of sea-polypus. Polystichum, polys, many, stichos, order ; not specially applicable to the genus Polystichum, as now defined. Psilotum, psilos, naked ; destitute of leaves. Psomiocarpa, psomion, a small pellet, karpa, fruit ; the sporangia being in small round patches, in spikes. Pteris, pteryx, wing; the scientific name given to the plant known by the names of Brake, Bracken, and Fern; on account of the supposed likeness of the branching of its fronds to wings. This, being the commonest of all Ferns, has become the type of the whole race ; hence Pteris means Fern, all generic names of ferns ending in pteris; such as Ceratopteris means horned Fern, Dictyopteris netted Fern ; also, if at the beginning of a word, as Pteridography, a book or writing on Ferns ; Pteridologist, a studier and writer on Ferns ; PteridopJnhst, a lover of Ferns. Khipidopteris, rUpis, fan; shape of the fronds like a fan. FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Saccoloma, saMos, a bag or sack, loma, margin; the union of the mdusmm with the margin, forming a hood or cyst. Salpichlasna, salpi, pipe, chlcena, a cloak; the indusium being like a pipe. Schellolepis, scliello, skeleton, lepis, scale ; the character of the scale surrounding the sori. Schizoloma, scUzo, I cut, loma, a border or margin ; the sori in the form of a slit on the margin of the frond. Scolopendrium, sltolopendra, a centipede ; the appearance of fructification on the under side of the frond. Selaginella, the diminutive of selago (Lycopodium Selaqo) Selhguea, in memory of M. Selligue, a French optician. Sitibolium * Mas, food, lolos, a large pill; the appearance of fructification. Soromanes, soros, heap, mania, fancy; the sporangia in fanciful and irregular heaps. Steuochlaena, stenos, narrow, chlcena, cloak ; narrow indusium btenosemia, stenos, narrow, sema, standard ; the fertile frond with its narrow segments being like a flag Struthiopteris, strutkios, ostrich ; the fronds being like the feathers of an ostrich. Thyrsopteris, thyrsos, bunch or raceme, pteris / the fructification in racemose bunches. Todea, in honour of Henry Julius Tode, of Mecklenburg, an experienced mycologist. Trichocarpa, thrix, trichos, a hair, Jcarpa, fruit ; the fructification borne on a hair-like stalk. Trichomanes, thrix, hair, manos, soft; the delicate nature of the fronds. Trichopteris, thrix, hair, pteris ; the sori being furnished with hairs. Vittaria, vitta, riband ; shape of narrow fronds. Woodsia, in honour of Joseph Woods, a celebrated British botanist (died 1864). Woodwardia, in honour of Thomas Jenkinson Woodward, an English botanist. Xiphopteris, xiphos, sword, pteris ; form of the frond. * For Sitilobium, at page 236 and elsewhere iu this work, read Sitibolium. 301 CULTIVATION. 1. PEELIMINARY REMARKS. HAVING- given an account of how the Exotic Ferns of the preceding enumeration have been introduced to this country, I shall now proceed to state the best means for growing and preserving them in our collections; and as the successful cultivation of Ferns depends much upon a knowledge of the con- ditions under which they grow in their native country, I begin with a few observations on that point. Ferns have already been spoken of as favourites with the plant-loving public ; but it is not simply on their merits as pretty and interesting objects that they claim attention. Geology reveals to us that Coal — that source of our domestic comforts and national greatness — is formed chiefly of Ferns, which at some remote period grew upon the earth. However, this is not the place to discuss the views and speculative theories regarding the thermal and gaseous condition of the earth and atmosphere, under which Ferns then flourished, or to reason on the manner by which they were converted into coaL I may simply remark that fossil remains show, that contemporaneous with Ferns grew plants of remarkable character, quite 302 FEENS I BRITISH AND FOEEIGN. distinct from those of the present era. Not so the Ferns, for their beautiful and well-preserved remains show that their fronds were of various sizes and forms,, in every way analogous to the present race ; having free and anastomosing venation, round and linear fructification, and, in some instances, almost identical with species now living. At present, Ferns rank amongst the widest spread of all the orders of the vegetable kingdom, being found in more or less number in all climates, between the most northern and southern limits of vegetable life, and at elevations ranging from the sea-level to 14-15,000 feet within the tropics, their number in any localities being generally in proportion to the degree of atmospheric moisture in conjunction with elevation, the latter applying specially to the interior of continents. Comparatively few species are found in open, grassy, thinly-wooded countries, whether it be the plain or mountain- slope ; such districts are often in full possession of the most gregarious and abundant of all Ferns, the common Brake (Pteris dquilina), which, under slightly different forms, and in some countries accompanied by different species of Gleichenia, occupy vast tracts of the earth's surface. In hot and moist plains, in valleys of great extent, the number of different species are few ; even in the valley of the Amazon, teeming as it does with vegetable life, the number of Ferns found by Dr. Spruce after he left the coast Flora, at Para, in his journey of 2,000 miles, were very few. They became more numerous on attaining an elevation of 1,500 feet, and in one locality, at a higher elevation, he found 250 species in a diameter of fifty miles. Another extensive tract with but few Ferns is the CULTIVATION. 303 dry zone of Northern Africa, and few have as yet been recorded from the interior of Australia ; while, on the contrary, on elevated coast-ridges and islands, they form a large proportion of the entire Flora. They are the most numerous, both in regard to genera and species, in the tropical regions, where, too, a greater number of individual plants are to be found than in temperate regions.* On reviewing the above, it may readily be supposed that the varied influences under which Exotic Ferns naturally grow, necessitate various kinds of treatment for cultivating and preserving them in this country ; but such is not the case. As might be expected, our native representatives (although only forty-two in number) have received special attention. We have Fern Tourists in plenty ; almost every spot of our country, where are conditions congenial to their development, has become more or less familiar to those who take an interest in their study — in the damp shady glen, the wildest wood, banks of streams, mountain- sides, whether it be in their sheltered easy slopes, or in the almost inaccessible craggy steeps. Indeed, so diligently have the Fern explorings been Carried on, that numerous curious and beautiful varieties, highly prized in our gardens, have been found. But, however laudable and agreeable Fern- growing may be, yet it is to be regretted that it leads to the extinction of some of our rarest native species. Even the more common are becoming scarce in locali- ties within easy reach; great quantities being yearly * Want of space prevents me entering more fully into the history of geographical distribution. 304 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. consigned to the London markets. Since Ferns have become so popular, those who patronize horticulture, from the members of the upper classes who construct large hothouses, to the humbler patron, or the hard- working mechanic who prides himself on his posses- sion of a Wardian case, are desirous to obtain such information as will enable them to cultivate them successfully, either in the Conservatory, Wardian case, or Rockwork in the open air. To supply this, several books on the subject have been published. Indeed, if an example may be taken, besides the extraordinary degree of familiarity so rapidly attained in the knowledge of Ferns by all classes, the constant increase of collections gives sufficient evidence. Nevertheless, in publications which, through their cheapness, are within the reach of every Fern lover, frequent complaints are met with, tending to show that the result is not always satisfactory to the culti- vator, especially among amateurs and persons of small means. These complaints are mainly attri- butable to the author not familiarizing his readers sufficiently with the habits of Ferns, the conditions under which they luxuriate in their native localities, and the necessity of imitating those conditions as far as practicable. It is, however, gratifying to observe that, in the progress of horticulture, the knowledge of the natural conditions of plants is more and more sought after, and appreciated with very good results, forming a lively contrast with the old times, when the Trichomanes radicans could only with difficulty be kept alive even by the most eminent horticulturists; a fact observed by the originator and promoter of the Wardian case system, under which this shade and CULTIVATION. 305 moisture-loving Fern stands pre-eminent, even sur- passing in size and luxuriance those in their native retreats. A familiar example of opposite nature to the preceding is our native species Asplenium septen- trionale, confined to northern localities, generally growing on rocks and insinuating its delicate roots in the deep crevices and among the debris of irregular shelvings and prominences, not receiving any apparent injury from the rigour of winter or the scorching heat of summer. Although such is its hardy nature, it nevertheless does not nourish when taken from its native rocks and brought under artificial cultivation. What has been stated regarding the shade and moisture -loving Trichomanes, and the rock -loving Asplenia, may be viewed as the extremes in the nature of those Ferns that do not readily conform to ordinary cultivation; but, on the other hand, the greater number are not particular in their choice of place of growth, either in a wild state or under cultivation. Examples may be cited of species conforming to the most untoward and varying influences ; for instance, the common b&Yt's-tongneYern(Scolopendriumvulgare) maintains itself in situations of the most opposite kind, having great predilection for the works of man, whether elevated in the air or sunk below the surface of the earth; such as stone, brick, or turf walls, embankments, hedge-banks and road-sides, pits, quarries, or deep open wells. In either place it multi- plies freely, conforming itself to the various atmo- spheric changes to which those situations are liable. Such being the case, it is not surprising to find it assume different sizes and forms ; in dry places it is only a few inches in height, while in open wells, such x 306 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. as may be seen in some of the nurseries and market- gardens near London, it produces fronds 2-3 feet in length. The Asplenium Trichomanes, A. Rut a-mur aria, Geterach officinarum, and Polypodium vulgare, are also wall and tombstone-lovers, and may be called our domestic Ferns. Another remarkable example of a Fern making itself at home under extremes of temperature and moisture, is Pteris longi/olia, a species having a wide range throughout the tropical and sub-tropical regions of both hemispheres. On the island of Ischia (Bay of Naples) it is found luxuriating within the influence of the hot vapours rising out of the cavities left by extinct volcanoes, growing in soft muddy soil at a temperature ranging from 140° to 160°. In our hothouses its spores vegetate abundantly upon all moist surfaces, and in the crevices of brick walls. Plants of it are nearly always to be found over the openings of hot-water tanks, and it has been seen in crevices of the walls outside hothouses, or even under iron gratings, where it could receive but little light, and where the temperature was often near the freezing-point. In the dry air of the Cactus-house plants of it have produced fronds from 2-3 feet in length. In general the fronds of Ferns remain long in a perfect state; the exceptions to this rule are com- paratively few, and these are chiefly supplied by the natives of climates alternating with seasons of heat and cold. But as many species are" wanderers and conform to the effects of various climates, it is no wonder to see some of our native Ferns assuming the evergreen habit of their foreign allies, when CULTIVATION. 307 grown in a temperate house ; of which Polystichum aculeatum, Lastrea dilatatci, and L. Filix-mas may be cited as examples, as also Asplenium marinum. In 1820 I found plants of it, having fronds from 2-4 inches in length, growing in a cave facing the German Ocean, on the east coast of Scotland ; of these, two plants have been grown at Kew from that time ; of late years, one in the Temperate and the other in the Tropical House. These became fine caespitose plants, with fronds varying from 1-1 \ foot in length; the greatest length being attained by the plant in the Tropical House, even assuming the character of a species native of the West Indies and Tropical America, and quite unlike the original plant; thus showing that although at home in the cold, sunless cave, it can well appreciate a better fed and warmer abode. Exceptions to this rule are some alpine species, Ferns in that respect being analogous to our ill success in growing many alpine flowering plants. This is no doubt partly owing to the difference of atmospheric density, and the varying influences of temperature and moisture common to the sea-level of this climate. The species of cold climates truly deciduous, produce their fronds from an underground creeping sarmentum, of which Pteris aquilina, Sitolobium punctilobium, Qnoclea sensibilis, Anchistea virginica, Lorinseria areo- lata, Leucostegia immersa, and Phegopteris aurita are the principal examples. On the other hand, instances of tropical species periodically losing their fronds without any apparent cause, such as by undue excess of heat and moisture, are Phymatodes oxyloba, Pleuridium palmatum, P. venustum, Drynaria propinqua, several x 2 308 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. species of Davallia, and a few others. Their rhizomes remain perfectly naked during the winter, and seem to be constituted for a season of dry rest. Thes£ obversations are sufficient to show how certain species will grow under the most opposite conditions, and that a knowledge of them materially assists our efforts of cultivation, which I shall pro- ceed to treat of under two heads, — special and natural. II. SPECIAL OR POT CULTIVATION. WITH the exception of those species sufficiently hardy to bear the cold of this climate, the whole family of Ferns can be artificially and most luxuriantly grown, under but two different scales of temperature, and with as little difference in other respects. There can be no better instance than that afforded by the immense collection now at Kew,* where, in the Tropical Fern-house, a great many species from various climates are placed under an average tempera, ture of 60° to 70°. In this housef are species from nearly all the tropical and sub-tropical countries of the world, and, being in one compartment, they are all alike subject to the same amount of atmo- spheric moisture as of heat. However, in respect to moisture supplied to their roots, the amount is varied according to the nature and require- ments of the plant. The same remarks apply to the Temperate House, .of course with a reduction * May 1864. t Length 130 feet, width 34 feet. CULTIVATION. 309 of moisture as well as temperature, the latter ranging from 40° to 50° in winter, that being the only period of the year when artificial heat is required. In this house* are growing, in the greatest luxuriance, species from Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan,,., North India, elevated portions of Ceylon, South Africa, North and South America, and other elevated regions within the tropics. The whole collection is grown in common deep or shallow pots, pans, and tubs ; the latter, however, are only used for the large species of Tree Ferns and Angiopteris ; and though such a system is the least natural in appearance, yet it is most convenient and found generally consistent with the prevailing fashion for in-door horticulture ; this mode of cultivation, being mostly adopted, merits our first consideration. In the tropical and sub-tropical localities, where heat and moisture are abundant, by the manner in which they grow and the various positions they occupy, soil is of but little importance, except for affording their roots the means of obtaining permanency of position. This is evident by the remains of native soil adhering to the roots of imported plants, showing that Tree and other large Ferns in some places grow in stiff adhesive, red clay. To imitate this soil in pot culture is attended with no success, and it is remarkable to see how quickly the roots of newly-imported plants take to the fine loam and. peat in which they are potted. In cultivation, how- ever, the great beneficial influence of the natural atmosphere is not obtained, and the soil is therefore of great importance, necessitating caution in its * Length 82 feet, width 13 feet. 310 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. selection. Taking a view of the large number of Ferns now in cultivation, their requirements as regards soil, and mode of growth, we easily recognize two classes — terrestrial and epiphytal. This division is important. For the first class, by far the most ex- tensive, it is necessary to use the soil of a finer or coarser consistence, according to the delicate or stronger character of the plant. In it there is a more varied character of vernation, by which their terrestrial character is indicated and very easily recog- nized. Natural affinity of course is not taken into consideration. However, with tolerable accuracy in this respect, the genera Phegopteris, Lastrea, Ne- pJir odium, Adiantum, Asplenium, and Sitolobium give examples of the chief variety of vernation indicative of the terrestrial nature ; viz., erect, cgespitose, decumbent or sub-hypogeous, or, as in Nephrodium unitum, and N. pteroides, which, although with a true sub-scandent sarmentum, they, however, prefer the firm soil of the terrestrial group, a compost of two-thirds peat and one loam, with abundance of sand, according to the size of the plants for which it is to be used. Tn potting Ferns, an over-depth of soil should be avoided, as well as a great depth of drainage. The one promotes stagnancy, the other gives an oppor- tunity for the most vigorous roots to descend among its particles, and oftentimes they become too dry when the soil is apparently moist enough, and the tips of the foliage are in consequence injured, and the plant disfigured. This applies more strictly to species of small and delicate structure, such as Asplenium firmum, A. dentatum}A. decussatum, &c.,and for such the shallow pot is best adapted, the width of CULTIVATION. 311 which being considerably greater than the depth, gives a good extent of surface, and renders a deep drainage unnecessary. Such a kind of pot, of course, is most suitable for all species of decumbent or creeping habit, and those producing rapidly a great number of offsets. The best time for repotting (or shifting, as it is termed) Ferns, more especially those of the terrestrial division, is at the end of February, or during March, as soon after that time they commence growth j, but any time of the year, except winter, will suit them. The operation of potting is a matter of little difficulty, nor are the necessary utensils or materials very varied — a firm potting-bench, several different sizes broad- pointed firming-sticks, and a garden trowel. It is also necessary to have a few extra pots of different sizes, of both the deep upright and shallow flat kinds, also a quantity of material for drainage, which may consist of broken soft brick or hard knobs of old mortar ; but for general purposes, potsherds, broken into different sizes, are most commonly used, and well known by the name of " crocks." The removal of the plant, with its ball of soil and roots,, is readily effected by spreading the left hand over the surface of the soil, allowing the plant, when not too large, to come between the fingers ; then, by inverting the plant and pot, and giving the rim of the pot a gentle but sharp tap with the right hand on the edge of the board ; if the roots are in a healthy state, the ball will slip easily out of the pot. In all cases, a thorough drainage is indispensable, and to ensure this, the draining material should be of two sizes, the larger size at the bottom, with a concave large crock over 312 PERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN. the hole of the pot, the concave side downwards : there should be two, three, or four holes at the side, quite at the base, made in all pots larger than eight inches in diameter, the number of holes of course according to the size of the pot. This is the more essential when the pots are placed on smooth benches, as of stone or slate, the capillary attraction between the pot and bench retaining the superfluous water, and causing much stagnancy. After properly arrang- ing the drainage, a small quantity of fibry material should be placed on it to keep the new soil from mingling with it. No plant should be repotted in a wet state, nor should it be allowed to become dry enough to cause it to flag, as this will not only give an immediate and severe check, but in giving water after it is potted, it will percolate the new soil (which should always be* used in a moderately moist state) without entering the dry ball; if, from bad drainage or exhaustion of the soil, it has become impure, so much of it and of the old inactive roots should be removed. In such cases, as small a pot as possible should be used, which will admit the pre- served roots freely, being carefully laid out by the fingers amid the new soil ; for if in too large a pot, the soil becomes sour before any vigorous roots have entered and promoted drainage, as they are tardy to perform their functions vigorously after having been necessarily so much disturbed. However, when in a healthy and vigorous state, such space should be given it that will admit the fingers or both hands freely by its sides (according to the size of the plant) in inserting it in the new pot, where it should be so placed that its crown, if of the CULTIVATION. 31 3 erect vernation, will be nearly level with the riin. The soil should be carefully introduced, and made firm round the sides by pressure of the firming-stick and a few thumps of the pot (if easily handled) on the potting-bench, if not, the stick must suffice ; a space of about half an inch, more or less, according to the size of the pot, should be allowed at the surface to contain as much water as would moisten the whole ball. The size of the plants will depend upon the amount of space and the number of species in the collection. For an amateur's collection in a small house, very fair specimens may be grown in pots from eight to twelve inches in diameter, after the shift into the largest-sized pot, and with good management the plant will not require any repotting for two or three years. By that time the running and csespitose kinds, such as Adiantum and Gleichenia, will have become exhausted in the centre ; the ball will, therefore, require division by passing a sharp knife through it, taking care not to injure the young growths next the sides of the pot ; the most healthy portions to be selected for repotting, to become the new representative plant of the collec- tion ; and, if proper care is taken, the fronds will suffer but little injury. In operations of this kind, some gardeners entirely shake out the soil, cut away the whole of the fronds and roots, in order to make the plant, they say, come up strong. This may not do much injury to certain plants, such as bulbs, tubers, fuchsias, and such-like plants that rest in winter ; but for Ferns it is a great mistake ; it so weakens the plant that it takes a year or more to be worth looking at, and, indeed, some never recover. In Adiantum 314 TERNS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN. and other genera, the roots are naturally of a dark, or even quite black colour, and it is known to have been considered by some cultivators, not well versed in the nature of Ferns, as dead, and accordingly they are totally removed, even although with evidence of the plant being healthy and vigorous. The healthy state of the plant is readily explained, for on examining the nume- rous points of the black roots, each will be seen to be of a pale colour, which are the active feeders of the plant ; and, in shifting, great care should be taken not to bruise or injure them. The same directions apply to the gigantic Tree Ferns and species of Angiopteris. The soil for them, however, should be of a coarser nature when of a size to require the largest-sized pots or tubs; in no case is it desirable to give more than three inches extra space at one shift, even in the largest pot or tub. In all pots above one foot in diameter, the drainage should be elevated in the centre. When the shift is large, an inverted pot should be placed in the new pot, placing a layer of drainage round it, the height of the pot to be such that the crocks of the old ball (which must not be taken out) rest on the top of the new drainage or pot. By this the outer circle of bottom roots are not pressed together, or crushed by the weight of the ball, which is sure to be the case when the ball is set on a level surface, it also keeps the ball to its proper height. This mode of drainage has been the constant practice at Kew with all large shifts, not only for Ferns but Proteacece and all fine fibrous-rooted plants, the nature of which is to extend outwards 'and downwards through the new soil, ultimately forming a web of roots against the sides of the pot. In the ordinary CULTIVATION. 315 practice of potting, it is a rule with many gardeners to remove all the old drainage crocks, the centre thus becomes a mass of soil, which in time becomes com- pact, inert, and useless, liable to become stagnant, and in time causing the plant to sicken. This is avoided by preparing and retaining the old drainage. This mode of drainage is, however, only necessary for plants required to be permanent in botanical collec- tions. Its utility in prolonging life is verified by some yet existing plants of Proteacece at Kew, some of which are forty, and others above sixty years of age. What has here been stated may be considered as a general rule for the greater number of the Fern family, such as are usually found in ordinary collec- tions of a hundred species, more or less. But in this extensive family there are many possessing some pecu- liar nature, and a few examples of these require to be specially noticed. The group which has been termed Epiphytal, consists of the genera Davallia, Goniophlebium, Drynaria, Phymatodes, Pleuridmm, Platy cerium, lo- mariopsis, Polybotrya, and others of like habit, charac- terized by a true and highly-developed rhizome or sarmentum, generally creeping, and adhering by their fine fibrous roots to the surface on which they grow. Their positions in their natural homes are generally on more or less perpendicular surfaces of moist and shaded places of rocks or ordinary soil, where decomposing vegetable matter abounds as a surfacing. They are often found on trees, and with many species of Polybotrya and Lomariopsis this seems to be their true position, and often by their vigorous growth, the trees are clothed with them in 816 TERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN, the manner of our common ivy. It will be under- stood by this that an open loose soil is essential for the whole group ; good fibry peat is therefore all that can be desired, and on account of their creeping habit, as great an extent of its surface as possible is necessary to be gained in potting. To this end the shallow pan is indispensable ; by an ordinary deep pot being inverted in the pan and covered with a layer of peat, of a thickness according to the size of the pan or pot used (at a proportion of two inches thickness for a pan of one foot diameter) carried up over the inverted pot in a conical form, the whole pressed firmly together. The rhizomes are fixed to its surface by pegs, and they will soon attach them- selves by their own roots. The height of the cone will be according to the character of the plants; for Pleopeltis, Anapeltis, Niphobolus, &c., a cone of from 6-10 inches high, with a base from 1 to 1^ foot in width, will make handsome specimens. The genus Oleandra comes under Epiphytal, the rhizomes elon- gating rapidly, and in their natural places adhering to trees and moist rocks. 0. neriformis is, however, truly terrestrial, producing roots from its woody erect rhizome after ascending a few inches from the soil. The other species in cultivation, however, cannot be well suited by the conical mode, or being trained on straight sticks. An open netted wire cylinder, about three feet high, and about six inches diameter, answers the purpose exceedingly well. The cylinder is filled with peat, and by fixing the rhizomes round the bottom of the cylinder, the roots wilt soon adhere to the peat through the meshes, which being kept moist, a rapid growth is stimulated, and the cylinder soon CULTIVATION. 317 becomes furnished with beautiful projecting fronds. If a greater height is desired, another cylinder may be added to the first. This mode is equally useful for StenoMcena, Polybotrya, Lomariopsis, &c. In respect to species in which the rhizomes elongate slowly, the upper part of the cylinder is bare and unsightly for a time. This may be obviated by having a short cylinder and heighten it by adding short lengths when required. The genus Elaphoglossum is generally epiphytal, and as some of its larger growing species, such as E. callce- folium and E. latifolium, being decumbent caespitose in vernation, it is not necessary to have the soil raised much above the rim of the pot, which should be of the flat kind, and three inches depth of soil is quite sufficient. Many smaller species of this genus are most lovely objects, and some of them are not yet in cultivation. Of the whole Fern Family the Plat y cerium may be considered the most grand, beautiful, and extraordinary; and it is thoroughly typical of this epiphytal group. Its natural position of growth is sometimes on moist rocks, but usually on the trunks and larger branches of trees. The spores becoming lodged there, germinate, and, sending out spongy fibrils, a little plant, like a circular disk, adhering to the tree, analogous to a foliaceous lichen, is formed, each succeeding disk (frond) becoming larger and overlapping the preceding one. In time the older ones loose their vitality, and by this mode of growth envelop, or nearly so, that portion of the tree whereon they grow in a dense, thick, spongy mass, among which the roots insinuate themselves and receive nourishment. As equivalent to this, in cultivation blocks of wood are mostly used ; but they are objectionable from their 318 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. constant liability to breed fungi and harbour insects. On that account pots are preferable, not of the ordi- nary shape,, but with less difference in the diameter at the base than at the top, and with a wide opening at the side, extending about a third of its diameter from the rim down to within a sixth of its depth from the base (this will leave the pot in much the same form as a scoop). Thorough drainage should be given, and a material of very fibry peat will suit. The crown of the plant should be placed about the centre of the side opening from where the fronds will be produced. In time, the sterile fronds will spread in all directions, but mostly upwards, and quickly obscure the pot, and the fertile ones will hang loosely downwards. Their position in the house should be elevated, and, if possible, against a wall or partition. Platycerium alcicorne increasing rapidly by offsets, requires a considerable extent of surface ; consequently rough sandy peat, arranged in a conical manner on a shallow pot, to which the plants will soon attach themselves, is most suitable, and which, if fancy leads, may be suspended from the roof of the house by a strong wire. For the large-growing species of Drynaria, Gonio- phlebium, and Plilebodium, it is not necessary to raise the soil mtfch above the level of the pot ; their fleshy rhizomes soon reach the margin, to which they cling, and if standing on a moist surface, or near water, they creep down the sides of the pot. In Davallia pyxidata, D. ornata, and others, the rhizomes are what may be termed aerial, rising con- siderably above the soil, often extending to a distance beyond the edge of the pot, and, as they in these cases do not produce roots, the rhizomes in time CULTIVATION. 319 (three or four years) become weak, producing small fronds ; it therefore becomes necessary to remove the older parts and re-pot the younger portions in fresh soil. Very interesting and natural examples may also be had by placing common cylindrical red chimney- pots or drain-pipes in a pan wider by two inches than the base of the cylinder, — this space to be filled with soil and planted ; the rhizomes will soon become attached to the surface of the cylinder and in time will cover the whole,, forming a handsome pillar of fronds. In order to maintain a proper degree of moisture, a pan of water may be fixed inside the cylinder, and if a piece of woollen cloth is placed in the water, in contact with the cylinder, a constant moisture will be kept up congenial to the plants. The top of the cylinder is also useful for placing on it some of the pendulous species ; for instance, Phymatodzs geminata, Goniophlebium dissimile, G. neriifolium, Campyloneuron angustifolium, Elaphoglos- sum Herminieri. In Schellolepis sulauriculata and 8. verrucosa the fronds are long and pendulous ; this necessitates the plants being placed in an elevated position, such as suspended from the roof of the house in. shallow wire baskets, the inside of which should have a lining of sphagnum moss, which assists to retain moisture, and also gives a clean and neat appearance. Plants of these two species thus treated have at Kew produced fronds 12 feet in length, hanging down in a very ( graceful manner. There are several other Epiphytes of special interest, such as the species of Vittaria and Haplopteris, which hang down from trees like 320 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. bunches of grass, as also the remarkable Opliioglossum pendulum, which may be likened to ribands or bands hanging loose and waving with the wind, often many feet in length. These plants succeed in a small quantity of soil, firmly fixed in pots, with pieces of soft stone or potsherds, and the pot hung against a shady wall or pillar. For this purpose the pot should have a flat back, with the front rim lower than the back, so as to allow the fronds to hang quite free of the pot. Neottopteris Australasica, and a few Aspleniums nearly allied, such as A.sinuatum and A. crenulatum, of precisely the same mode of growth, are of erect fasciculate vernation. Their roots being of peculiar mossy and delicate nature, they are not adapted for deep insinuation of stiff soil, but are rather what may be termed aerial. Two-thirds of their mass is produced above the surface of the soil. Substantial but open material is therefore required, of very rough, fibry peat, and porous, broken bricks, or soft sandstone, in equal parts ; very little pot- room is necessary; a shallow pot of 18 inches diameter, with such material, will support a plant of two dozen fronds, and none less than 3 feet 6 inches long and 8 inches broad, with a stem a foot high, and as much through, principally composed of its mossy roots forming a spongy mass. As an instance of the long life under regular treatment may be cited the original plant of Neottopteris Australasica, which was imported in 1825, and is now (1864) a magnificent plant, in perfect health, having received but few shifts the whole of the forty years. This is, however, far surpassed in size by the mag- CULTIVATION. 321 nificent NeoUopteris miiscefolia, which is described by a Penang correspondent in the following words : — " I saw two fine specimens of the Birds9 -nest Fern ; each had between forty and fifty perfect green leaves ; the average length of the leaves was six feet, and from one foot to fourteen inches across in the broadest part. They were growing on each side of a doorway; when I was walking up to them I thought they were American Aloes." The remarks that have been previously made respecting the nature of the rock-loving Asplenice are equally applicable to others that inhabit rocky places, such as certain species of the genera Notholcena, Myriopteris, Cheilanthes, &c. ; some are rocky-coast plants, others are mountain, being found in elevated situations within or near the tropics, where they are subject to the heaviest showers and most powerful sun, their surfaces being generally furnished with beautiful scales or woolly covering, which resist in a great measure the action of the sun. They all seem very impatient of moisture under cultivation, especially in winter. A material composed of finely-broken and mixed sandstone, bricks, old mortar, and a small quantity of sandy loam, suits them, placed in a position of the coolest shade, with abundance of moisture in summer, and in winter very little water, just sufficient to keep the soil slightly moist ; a comparatively dry atmosphere and as much light as may be obtainable at that dull season, with a temperature not below 36°. As a general rule, the above may be considered appli- cable to all small-growing rock species of temperate regions, including the natives of this country. The species of the genus Gymnogramma, especially those 322 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. with farinose fronds, commonly called Gold and Silver Ferns, are also very susceptible of moisture; they should never be syringed, or water allowed to fall on their fronds, as the farina, being loose, is disturbed by tlje water, and running down, gives the appearance as if the plants were smeared with dust. They, however, differ from the preceding, requiring more light, and the temperature of the Tropical House. The species of Gymnogramma vary very much in habit, as regards size and circumscription of the fronds, G. trifoliata having fronds from three to four feet high, while in G. cheer op Jiylla and G. leptophylla they are fragile, and average from two to six inches in length. These two species are peculiar in being, with the exception of Ceratoptvris thalictroides, the only known truly annual Ferns. G. chcerophylla grows freely ; its spores vege- tate abundantly throughout the house, often as a weed. G. leptophylla is, however, not so free in its growth. When its fronds decay, the pot should be covered with a piece of glass, and put in a dry place until the proper season arrives in spring, when the application of moisture will cause the latent spores to vegetate. G. flexuosa differs from the whole of the genus in having prolonging fronds, which climb in a rambling manner over bushes, like those of Lygo- dium, noticed in another page : it will probably here- after form the type of a distinct genus. The beautiful genus Lindscea, of which no less than sixty species are described in Hooker's " Species Filicum," are, with few exceptions, natives of the tropics of both hemi- spheres; in my Catalogue of 1857, only two species are recorded as being cultivated ; but, within these few years, the number has increased to fourteen, the greater CULTIVATION. 32 3 part having been introduced from Guiana by Mr. ! Backhouse, of York, and on account of their slow . increase, plants of them are yet very rare : they are !i natives of generally the lower regions of tropical vege- \ tation, growing in open places amongst herbage of i small plants and grass, or on the skirts of woods, and sometimes under the shade of trees, the soil being very poor, sometimes almost nothing but sand or | stony debris, in which their sarmentums are partially hypogeous, the soil and air never being much below ithe temperature of 80°, and although almost daily subject to the influence of tropical thunder-showers, i yet, on account of the nature of the soil, the surface is never over saturated. Finding that they do not flourish under the medium temperature of a Tropical Fern House, it therefore is necessary that a special part of the house, on the principle of a Wardian Case, should be adapted, so that a moist air of 80° may be steadily maintained, and the plants occasionally sprinkled overhead, taking care that no superfluity remain in the soil, which should be no more than moist. Like Lindscea, the curious and interesting genus Schizcea does not readily conform to cultivation; plants of Schizcea elegans have often been freely im- ported from Trinidad, and although trie<^ in various ways in high and moderate temperatures, it cannot be said they have yet become established. Under the Wardian Case, the native imported fronds remain for a considerable time fresh, and sometimes new fronds show themselves, but fail to come to maturity. In a letter lately received from Mr. Prestoe, in Trinidad, he informs me that the Schizcea elegans grows in solitary patches in loamy soil, covered with three or four Y2 324 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. inches of leaf soil, in company with Advmtum and other Ferns, as well as much Cyperacece, the whole forming a dense undergrowth in woods. From this it appears there is no great peculiarity from other Ferns as to its place of growth, and that our ill success arises in consequence of the nature of the plant, being difficult to re-establish after being taken from its native soil, of which there are many instances ; the common Pteris aquilina being a familiar example. The numerous and beautiful species of Hymeno- phyilce, called Filmy Ferns, merit particular attention. They are natives of both tropical and temperate regions, and where they abound are generally found in shady moist woods, clothing the lower parts of the trunks of trees, especially Tree Ferns, or on dripping rocks, or surface-soil of the deepest ravines, rarely in exposed situations. In order to surround them with a moist atmosphere, adaptations must be resorted to, such as moveable cases upon the Wardian principle, hereafter to be described, and which are essentially necessary for the cultivation of this delicate tribe. Such, indeed, is their delicacy, that if once allowed to become dry on the surface of their fronds for any length of time, a rusty and shrivelled appearance will soon follow. Having, as already stated, succeeded in cultivating Trichomanes radicans, it becomes obvious that other species could also be made subservient to cultivation; of which there is ample evidence to be seen at Kew, where there are forty cases* of different sizes, arranged on a stone shelf on the north side of the large Fern House, in such a position that they * May, 1864. CULTIVATION. 325 receive but little sun in winter, and are densely shaded in summer, all filled with patches of fine fronds, of a number of different species, varying from the delicate hair-like Trichomanes tricuideum, not more than two inches high, to the robust T. anceps and T. radicans. They are grown in square shallow pans and boxes, well drained in the ordinary way, and having about two inches of peat soil mixed with nearly half its bulk of sand and small broken potsherds ; but soft sand- stone is best. For the creeping sorts the soil should be raised in the form of a mound, and for those that have long-extending sarmentums, if soft stone cannot be had, it is desirable to invert a pan or common deep pot, covering it with a layer of soil, as already ex- plained, to which the plant will cling, and soon form a green hillock : junks of wood answer the purpose ; i but in a moist, close, and warm atmosphere, fungi and insects breed, and in a short time the wood decays, causing unnecessary disturbance of the whole mass of the plant. The singular genus Lygodium, and its ally Lygo- , did yon, grow naturally in firm soils, generally amongst trees and bushes, their wiry, flexile, climbing fronds growing over and involving everything within their .reach in the most intricate complexity. In most Ferns, the whole of the divisions of the fronds are formed in the nascent or bud state, and are unfolded as the fronds elongate ; when the whole of the deve- I loped parts are unfolded, the frond ceases further ex- i tension. This is, however, not the case in Lygodium, • Salpichlcena, Pellea flexuosa, Gymnogramma flexuosa, Odontosoria aculeata, and a few others, the fronds of which are of indefinite extension, their apices con- 326 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. tinuing to grow and produce lateral pinnae,, in every way analogous to the development of branches and leaves in woody plants. The climbing and rambling nature of these plants necessitates some kind of sup- port when cultivated in pots, which may consist of open wire trellises of a cylindrical form, varying in height from three to six feet or more, which, if fixed to a pot ten to twelve inches in diameter, the plants will, with careful training, become handsome speci- mens ; they are also well adapted for covering trellis against wall or pillars. The fronds of the much admired genus Gleichenia are also indefinite in extension, and some of the smaller species, when growing amongst bushes, assume a climbing habit; but in G.furcata, G. dichotoma, G. Gunninyhami, and G. flabellata, the fronds are rigid and erect, produced from a more' or less stout or slender sarmentum, which is either superficial or creeps a little below the surface of the soil ; therefore shallow pans or boxes are best suited for these plants ; and with attention specimens of considerable size may be attained, as, for instance, at Kew a plant of G.flabellata measured twelve to thirteen feet in circumference and four and a half feet high, consisting of a thicket of fine fan-like fronds. It may be expected that in such an extensive family some species would be found bearing the appellation of aquatics, but such is not the case ; for although many species grow in wet places, such as Osmunda ] rogalis and Acrostichurn aureum, both of which love water, but also flourish even in dry- places, the only Fern really entitled to be called a water Fern being. Ceratopteris thalictroides, and which is also singular CULTIVATION. 327 in another respect — in being one of the few Ferns that are only annual. It is widely dispersed throughout the tropics, growing in wet places, often flooded ; its sterile, viviparous fronds floating on or below the surface of the water, as may be yearly seen in the Victoria Lily tanks at Kew. Being annual, care must be taken to preserve spores, which in the spring should be sown in a shallow pan of loamy soil made wet like mud, kept moist ; and when the plants are of sufficient size, the pan may be either filled with water, or be placed about an inch deep in a tank. Acrostichum aureum is mentioned as growing in wet places; for instance, in Jamaica and other of the West-India Islands it is described as taking the place of the Euro- pean Typlid latifolia, attaining the height of seven or eight feet. By imitating its natural condition, placing it in a pan of water, or in a tank, specimens have been grown at Kew to the height of six feet ; but although it enjoys and luxuriates in water, it also grows in dry places, its height then not exceeding one to two feet, and often with simple fronds. The delicately beautiful Selaginellas, on account of the large share of notice they receive and meet from the admirers of the Cryptogamic family, deserve here an especial notice. Originally the species were included under Lycopodium ; but have been separated on account of differing in the character of their spore-cases. The species are numerous, and their habit and free growth mark them as a very distinct group from true Lycopodium. With a knowledge of a few species, two very distinct modes of growth are easily understood ; the upright or climbing ones, such as S. Africana and S. filicina, are examples, and the 328 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. decumbent or creeping species, such as S. serpens, 8. uncinata, S. Galiottii, &c., are examples. The latter delight in a light soil, composed of fibry peat and well-decomposed leaf-soil, free from pieces of wood (as it generates fungi), with a little sand inter- mixed, and require a depth of only about two inches in ordinary round pans, with ample drainage. If, however, good specimens are desirable, with an arrangement on a bench or low shelf, square pans about twice their height at the back as in front, are in every way preferable, and as at Kew, arranged alter- nately with the cases of Hymenophyllce, with which they harmonize. The former-mentioned species, on account of their robust habit and strong rooting cha- racter, require the shallow pot, and a similar soil as for the last, but with a small proportion of light loam. The magnificent Selaginella loevigata, if supported by wires against a wall, becomes, in a remarkably short time, the loveliest object to be found in a Fernery. The species of the Rosulate section differ from the rest of the genus in having erect, fasciculate vernation, the frondules rising from a central developing axis, and, as in S. lepidophylla, spreading out nearly horizontal, and overlapping one another, forming a beautiful green rosette, about six inches in diameter ; when dry, they turn upwards and inwards in an involute manner, the whole mass of the plant thus forming a firm ball, which, on becoming moist, again expands ; and even perfectly dead plants, when expanded, seem as if alive. In that respect being analogous to that of the insig- nificant cruciferous plant called the '-.Rose of Jericho (Anastatica hierochuntica) : hence the balls of this Selaginella are frequently met with in curiosity -shops CULTIVATION. 329 under the above name. This hygrometric property seems to indicate that this and its allied species are subjected to occasional drought in their native localities. But although they may frequently undergo this pro- cess in nature with impunity, it is, however, not desirous to be too often repeated on plants artificially cultivated. Shallow pots, four to five inches in diameter, best suit this section; and being firm holders, it is necessary to insert pieces of soft sand- stone or potsherds amongst the shallow soil,' so as to fix the plant firmly in the pot. The extremely delicate nature of the tissue of these little plants neces- sitates that a position the shadiest and moistest in a Fernery should be assigned to them. 8. Willdenovii, S. filicina, and others are termed deciduous from their fronds decaying altogether in the early spring ; new fronds, however, soon begin to grow. The species of true Lycopodium are also numerous, some being terrestrial and others epiphytal, hanging from the trees like various-sized cord, one to four feet in length. Of the terrestrial, five are natives of this country; they, as well as several beautiful species that have from time to time been introduced from North America, refuse to become domesticated under ordinary treat- ment ; to which must be added the wide-spread and beautiful tropical species L. cernuum. Equal ill success attends the epiphytal species ; for although frequently imported, they are yet but poorly represented in our collections ; they adhere to trees by producing many fibrous roots, which ultimately become a large spongy mass. The extra height of roof required for the growing of good examples of Tree Ferns excludes them from many 330 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. amateur collections. This lias also been the case at Kew for the last twenty years, especially as regards Tropical Tree Ferns, many fine plants succumbing to the make-shifts that of necessity had to be resorted to after they had attained a certain height ; but by beginning with young plants, they may be grown for a number of years in houses of the usual average height of ten to twelve feet, as also the large fronded tree- like Lastrea villosa, Litobrochia podopliylla, Asplenium striatum, Hemidictyon marginatum, and many others of like habit. The latter, at Kew, in a 20-inch pot, produced beautiful fronds, seven feet in height, and which might, with encouragement, soon be made to produce them equal to those of native growth — fourteen feet. But in order to get rid of the inconvenient and unsightly look of large pots and tubs, it is best to adopt for these plants the system of natural cultivation explained further on. In the " Species Filicum " about one hundred and twenty species of Tree Ferns are described; but, according to Mr. Moore's " Index Filicum," the number amounts to nearly two hundred. They are widely distributed, chiefly within the tropics. They love shade and solitude, and are generally found at elevations of from three thousand to five thousand feet in the humid regions. In the southern hemisphere they, however, extend much beyond the tropics, their southern limits being New Zealand, Norfolk Island, New South Wales, and Tasmania, where they grow at a lower elevation than within the tropics. On Mount Wellington, in the latter island, Dicksonia Antarctica is found in the greatest abundance, at an elevation of from one thousand five hundred to two thousand CULTIVATION. 331 feet, attaining the height of from eighteen to twenty feet, growing only in damp places, generally gullies, where the sun rarely penetrates, and where they are sometimes covered with snow, as represented in the vignette on the title-page. This suggests that, with proper selection of situations, they might live in the open air in the south and west of England, as also the mild climate of Argyleshire, where shaded ravines and gullies may be found similar to those of Mount "Wellington. With few exceptions, Tree Ferns readily conform to cultivation. A Isophila capensis, A. excelsa, A. Australis, Cyathea dealbata, C. medullaris, Dicksonia antarctica, and D. squarrosa, grow freely in the Temperate House ; the lofty Alsophtta glauca, the beautiful tessellated stem of Cyathea arborea, with its crown of fine fronds, and the broad shining fronds of Hemitelia horrida, assume a grand appearance in the Tropical House. In general, the stems of Tree Ferns are of sufficient size to warrant the name of trees ; but in many the thickness is more apparent than real, the diameter of the woody centre being often only a few inches, but in many cases covered with successive productions of out- growing aerial roots, which become hard and wiry, and by their interlacing, form a com- pact mass ; the points of these roots are, however, the active feeders, and if a layer of fresh soil is occasion- ally placed round the base of the stem, their growth will be promoted, and vigour given to the plant. The most fastidious Tree Fern to cultivate is Dicksonia arborescens, a native of St. Helena. It was first intro- duced to this country in 1786, and many times since, but refuses to become established, either in a tropical 332 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. or temperate house. This species, as well as the whole of the species of true Dicksonioej are characterized by the base of the stipes being clothed with a more or less coating of beautiful, articulated silky hairs ; in some species of Oibotiuttij the quantity is so great, that in the Sandwich Islands it is collected, and ship-loads of it sent to California and Australia for stuffing cushions, beds, &c. Another remarkable species of this alliance is Cibotium Barometz, a native of China and other parts of Eastern Asia ; its fronds attain the height of twelve to fourteen feet (even in this country) j they rise from a thick decumbent caudex, which is densely covered with silky hairs, as above described ; lying on the ground, it has the appearance of a woolly- clad animal. The stories told about it to early travellers led them to describe it as an animal with flesh and blood, but fixed to one position, from which it never moves ; hence the story of the now fabulous Parometz, or Vegetable Lamb. This plant is of easy cultivation; if placed on soil slightly raised, a few years' growth will produce very good specimens of the " Lamb." The rare Scliizoccena, sinuata is an exception to the general rule that characterizes Tree Ferns, the stem being slender, not exceeding an inch in thickness, attaining the height of three or four feet, and bearing a fascicle of simple fronds. This remarkable Fern is a native of Ceylon ; it grows in shady places in woods where a degree of coolness prevails. A few years ago plants of it were received at Kew, and it was found necessary to place them in a large Wardian Case, in which they flourished. Although the plants belonging to the order Marat- tiacece are ranked with Ferns, they nevertheless differ CULTIVATION. 333 much in habit, chiefly as regards the nature of the roots, which are thickened and fleshy, and generally pene- trating deeply into firm soil. In their general character they present much resemblance to the roots of Cycadece, Cyclanth ee,and other allied endogens; also in venation the remarkable genus Stangeria connects them through Dancea with Cycadece- ; and their compound fronds are represented in the same family through the new genus Bowenia. The species of Marattia and Angiopteris grow freely in a loamy soil, requiring plenty of water. Some species of Angwpteris require much space, for although the caudex does not rise much above the ground, yet a plant at Kew produced fronds that reached the height of twelve feet, spreading outwards, forming a diameter of thirty-four feet. The species of Dancea and Kaulfussii are, however, not such free growers; they require a moist and high temperature. I have now gone through a few of the principal genera requiring special kinds of treatment ; the next consider- ation is good management as regards temperature, watering, airing, and keeping free from insects. Much depends on the size and nature of the house ; the larger it is, the less fluctuations of temperature take place, especially in a house of the ordinary construction of glass roof and sides, whether lean-,to or span. The maintenance of a proper condition of the air in plant- houses depends much on the nature of the interior fittings. White or polished, reflecting and radiating surfaces, should be avoided as much as possible, such as iron pillars, rafters, spandrels, polished slate or smooth stone, iron or stone floors, &c. These kinds of material are often introduced in superabundance, for 334 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. the purpose of giving consequence and dignity to the house, thus laying the foundation for conditions un- favourable to plants. The shelves or benches may consist of dark-coloured porous stone or rough slate, with an edging of smooth slate two inches deep, so as to form a shallow trough, which should be filled with dark- coloured sand or fine-sifted coal-ashes, the whole pressed down, so as to form a firm smooth surface, on which the pots are to be arranged. By this means a degree of moisture will be retained more congenial to the plants than when standing on stone or slate. An edging of about three inches of Selagirtella hortensis or 8. denticulata gives a neat appearance, and if allowed to run between the pots, the whole becomes more con- genial than a naked surface. White sand or broken quartz is frequently used, but it soon becomes dirty, and has a harsh and dry appearance. In the arrangement of the plants some degree of order must be observed, so that every specimen plant of a species should be seen to advantage, and if the collection is extensive, and the house has different aspects as regards light and shade, then it is desirable to arrange the plants according to their habits and requirements ; thus, at Kew, the division Eremobrya occupy the whole of the south side of the house ; this division being less sensitive to the effects of the sun or deficiency of water than the more extensive division Desmobrya, which, on account of their thin texture, very quickly suffer from dryness or too much exposure to the sun ; therefore the north side of the house is best for them. The natural direction of the fronds is the most pleasing, whether upright, pendulous, or spreading. CULTIVATION. 335 In the latter case, sometimes their own weight makes them fall lower than is convenient ; it therefore becomes necessary to support them by inconspicuous stakes. Care must, however, be taken not to raise the fronds above their natural position, and to avoid making them have a stiff formal appearance. In "Theories of Horticulture/' it is said that abundance of light and a free circulation of air are indispensable for the cultivation of plants under glass. In my long experience, I have found, as a rule an abundance of light and a too free circulation of air prejudicial to the good cultivation of plants in general. With regard to Ferns, they love a quiet, dull atmo- sphere ; the light afforded by a roof glazed with the ordinary transparent glass, admits fully double the amount of light necessary during eight months of the year. Sufficient means are, however, necessary for admitting air, in order to keep down the temperature in summer ; but care must be observed in admitting it ; if not, the increased ventilation in lowering the temperature will cause a rapid dispersion of the essen- tial moist atmosphere at a time when most required. Shading must then be resorted to, this being the chief purpose which it serves, besides protecting the plant's foliage from the too powerful rays of the sun. It may consist of canvas blinds on rollers; two moderately thick ones are much better than one very thick, espe- cially when Tricliomanes and Hymenophyllum are grown ; one should be permanent during the height of the summer, the other to roll over it on occasions of full sunshine. Although canvas is here spoken of as best for shading, and is extensively used, still it is trouble- some, and in the end expensive, which makes it de- 336 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. sirable to resort to some other method ; such as by using several kinds of dulled or rough glass. In former years, the fruit and plant-houses at Kew were glazed with a very dark-green glass called Stourbridge-green, and which was patronized by the late Mr. Aiton. Fine crops of fruit were produced under it, also the tropical plants in the Botanic Garden flourished without the aid of canvas or shade of any kind. Not many years ago, solitary squares of this glass might be seen in the roofs of the old hot-houses, which strongly contrasted with the modern clear glass. My experience with this glass led me to recommend green glass for the Palm House, which was adopted ; but the modern-made green tint does not appear to be so fixed a colour as that of the old Stourbridge-green. The Palm House in the nursery of the late Messrs. Loddiges, at Hackney (now things of the past), affords another example of successful plant-growing without the aid of canvas or other moveable shading material. On the late Mr. George Loddiges being consulted respecting the glazing of the Kew Palm House, he was asked if they shaded theirs ; his reply was, " Oh, no; our thick rafters and sash-frames, with sooty glass, just afford the amount of light necessary for the plants/1 Under this roof, in an atmosphere of stillness and gloom, Palms, Ferns, Orchids, and numerous other tropical plants, grew in the greatest luxuriance, which, with the proverbial solitude of the place, and when viewed from the elevated platform, gave the idea of a ravine in a tropical'forest. To judge by the above examples of Kew and Hack- ney, it appears that fruits and plants were successfully CULTIVATION. 337 grown under roofs very different in appearance from the elegant clear glass roofs of the present day, which, nevertheless, necessitates some kind of invention for temporary shading in summer; but it is to be hoped this will be superseded by further improvements. Double glazing is now spoken of as answering the twofold purpose of saving shading and fuel ; but as there appear to be different opinions on its merits, further experience is therefore desirable 'before it can be safely recommended. With regard to watering, it is difficult to explain in words, or lay down a rule, what constitutes the extremes of dry and wet soil in a flower-pot, feeling is perhaps the best guide ; if, on taking a pinch of soil between the finger and thumb, the particles will not adhere, then it is too dry ; if it adheres, and falls like a dry wafer, then the plant is not in immediate want of water ; but, on the contrary, should the soil stick to the fingers like a wet wafer, then the whole is in a bad condition, and should the plant be weakly, it will get worse if allowed to remain in the sodden soil; for the correctness of this test care must be taken not to be deceived by the surface- soil, for it may be either dry or wet, and the contrary lower down. Another test of the state of soil is to give the side of the pot a smart tap with a hard piece of wood ; should the sound be hollow, with a little tone, then the ball is dry ; if, on the contrary, there is only the dull sound of the tap, without any tone, then the ball is moist and tight in the pot. To those in the habit of watering the same plants for a length- ened time, this test is of service, but it must not altogether be depended upon. The quality of the water has great effect on the health of the plants. 338 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. It should always be soft, or, if hard, should be aerated in open tanks ; rain-water is best, but if collected from the roofs of hothouses, care must be taken that it does not become impure by the decomposition of the paint and putty, which is of frequent occurrence, and in time it so impregnates the water as to cover the foliage of the plants, when often syringed, with a thin film, that gives them a dull look ; care should also be taken that the temperature of the water should not be less than 50°, especially in winter. Syringing is made an operation of great importance in guide- books on cultivation, and is readily accepted by the unskilled amateur as necessary, and being amusing, is often carried out in the extreme, to the injury of the plants. An amateur remarked not long ago, " Now we have got such a nice lady's syringe, it is quite a delight to use it." Another remarked, " I every day regularly water, syringe, and sponge my pet Adiantums, but with all my attention they are getting of a brown colour, surely your plants (at Kew) must have great attention to keep them so green." The lady syringer is told that many of the plants before her have been in the same pots for several years, and that they get water when dry, and are never syringed or sponged, unless for removing insects when they appear. From what has now been stated, an amateur's successful cultivation of Ferns simply depends on proper soil and potting, careful watering, placing in a quiet, moist atmosphere, keeping down temperature in summer by shading, and to avoid currents of dry air, and in winter to maintain the proper temperature, according to the nature of the plants, by means of CULTIVATION. 339 hot- water pipes.. For the latter purpose, in small houses, temporary stoves of gas and charcoal are used, often to the utter destruction of the plants. To assist in maintaining a moist atmosphere besides the usual moist surfaces of the pots-, it is desirable to have water-troughs on the top of the hot-water pipes, as also to place pans of water on or near the pipes ; also in hot weather, the paths and other evaporating surfaces should be wetted every morning and evening. An occasional syringing may be given, which should be done when the out- door air is charged with vapour; wetting plants when the air is dry causes a sudden evaporation, and a reduction of temperature on the surface of the frond is the con- sequence. This is especially the case with broad, smooth, glossy species, such as the genera Phymatodes, Neottopteris, Asplenium, Diplazium, &c. ; occasionally the whole of some fronds or part of a frond becomes black. In order to raise vapour, a practice prevails with many cultivators to throw water over the hot- water pipes (or flues) ; there is no objection to this, pro- viding the air out of doors is warm^ but in the winter season it is often done in the evening, in order to counteract the dryness of the air, caused by the extra heat of the pipes required at that season ; ,the house then becomes filled with hot vapour, which coming in contact with the glass of the roof condenses and falls in a shower of cold drops on the plant ;. at the same time the temperature of the house rapidly falls, thus causing black fronds, spota in orchids, and such-like complaints. Ferns, like other plants, are liable to be more or less infested with insects ; the soft membraneous kinds z2 340 FEttNS : BRITISH AND FOKEIGN. being the most subject, while, on the contrary, the smooth-fronded kinds, such as the whole of the division of Eremobrya, Elaphoglossum, &c., are, it may be said, quite exempt. The mealy bug, three kinds of scale, and thrips, are the chief pests, and should be carefully watched. The oblong brown scale is generally the most common, and very quickly overruns the under side of the frond, forming lines along the midribs. Many kinds of fluid mix- tures, powders, and other nostrums, have from time to time been advertised for their destruction, but it too often happens what kills insects also injures the plant, and makes it look unsightly. Fumigation with tobacco is the grand preventive against the breeding of plant-insects ; very slight fumigation destroys the winged male insect of all the Coccos family, and if frequently repeated, the whole in time will become extinct. When the mealy bug gets a head, it is readily got rid of by syringing; not so the scale, it requires to be loosened with a soft brush, or blunt-pointed peg, which, if the weather permit, should be done out of doors, and the plant afterwards syringed, so as to clear away all loose scale and eggs. Scale insects are adherers and suckers only; not so the less conspicuous insect the thrip, which is a small, slender, black, shining insect, with large prominent eyes, and quick in its movements, herding in groups, generally on the under side of the frond, voraciously feeding on the cuticle, which they soon destroy, permanent injury being often done without any indication of their presence till too late ; they must, therefore, be carefully watched, and, when seen, at once destroyed by pinching with the fingers, CULTIVATION. 341 and syringing the plant. They are generally found on species of Adiantum, Pellcea, Platyloma, Doryo- pteriSf Hemionites cordifolia, and other genera having fronds of a smooth, chestnnt-brown colour. Within the last twenty years a small, white-winged insect, like a midge, has made its appearance (supposed to have been first introduced with imported plants to Kew) . They congregate on the under side of the fronds, and, when the plant is moved, dart off like a flock of white pigeons. At first^it was supposed to be harm- less ; but such is not the case, as it has been found to feed on the cuticle like thrips ; but they are not so easily caught. Repeated tobacco fumigation destroys it.* Red spider seldom attack Ferns ; when such is the case, it is a sure sign that the air of the house is too dry. Few plant-houses are exempt from the well-known cockroach, which when once introduced is one of the greatest of pests. They increase and multiply most rapidly, and are most voracious feeders, eating and gnawing the fronds of Ferns, old and young, often completely in one night spoiling fine plants; there- fore war in all its forms must be waged against them. They are night marauders, hiding and breed- ing in crevices of masonry in dark places, generally near the furnaces, or hottest parts of the heating-pipes, and are even found lurking amongst the drainage, in large pots, from which they issue at dusk to commence their ravages. Many expedients are resorted to for their destruction, such as attacking them in their day * This insect has been described and figured in the Gardeners' Chronicle, of 1856, by Mr. Westwood, under the name of Aleyrodes vaporariorum. 342 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. abode, by the appliance of boiling-water, sulphur fumes, or exploding gunpowder : when such agents can be used, they deal with them quickly and whole- sale. Various kinds of traps are used, which, with poison, will, if daily attended to, completely extirpate them. But it must be borne in mind that, although the whole, old and young, may be got rid of in the course of a fortnight by poison — the effect of which is greatly increased by the living eating the poisoned dead, — eggs are however left, which will soon pro- duce a new generation that must not be allowed to arrive at maturity. Under the ordinary varying atmosphere of hot- houses, insects seem not 'to be affected, for if their extirpation is not attended to, they will be found in more or less abundance all the year. Not so the sooty mildew,* a fungus covering the upper surface of the leaves of plants with a black, sooty coat, and for their sudden appearance, like that of the grape mildew, the potato disease, and other sporadic plagues, no satisfactory causes have as yet been assigned. The pest now under consideration may be called one of these plagues ; in some years it is not seen, -while in another it soon overruns and quickly covers Ferns, and other plants, in hothouses. The broad-fronded species of Aspidium, Meniscium, Gonio- pteris, Angiopteris, &c., are very subject to its attacks. Books on mycology name and describe these pests, but not how to prevent them ; and books on horti- culture instruct how to get rid of them ; the principle of which seems to be dusting with sulphur, washing, * Fumago foliorum, Fries. CULTIVATION. 343 and syringing, the latter being the only remedy for the black mildew. This concludes my observations on pot-cultivation, and in order to save repetition, it must be understood that the process as regards soil, watering, airing, &c., is equally applicable to natural cultivation, which I now proceed to describe. III. NATUKAL CULTIVATION. THE natural cultivation of Ferns consists in growing them without the aid of garden-pots. This is accomplished by placing them, as far as artificial appliances will permit, under conditions and influences analogous to that of their native wilds ; for that purpose uneven irregular surfaces are best adapted, whether natural or artificially formed ; and as Ferns are generally called rock-plants, which many truly are, therefore, in order to imitate rocks, the surface on which they are grown is made irregular and covered with rude stones, on or between which the Ferns are planted ; hence the term Rockery is applied to this kind of cultivation. For all species of Ferns, either hardy or tender, this system of culture, which admits of their being planted out, is far preferable, to whatever extent it may be desirable to practise it, whether in the sheltered nook, in the open air, or in stoves or greenhouses, either partially or entirely devoted to it. For by it is the finest health imparted to the plants. The rockery bank which once occupied the Temperate Fern House at Kew, together with the fine fronds of tropical species grown on rockery in the Palm House, afforded excellent 344 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. examples of the superiority of this mode of growing plants over that of pot culture; by proper arrange- ment from ordinary level positions, their delicate hue and elegant form of outline may be seen to much greater advantage, as the upper surfaces of their fronds are generally presented to the eye more fully. And where this system is largely carried out, if a raised platform or footway be erected considerably above them, the advantage is still greater. The great beneficial influence this system has on the plant is mainly consequent on the more uniformly moist at- mosphere, so congenial to all Ferns, which can be successfully maintained from the great extent of the more natural evaporating surface of the soil, and ma- terial, with which the rockery is composed ; and as they- are allowed to establish themselves at freedom in it, there is a similar uniformity of temperature at the root, as well as of moisture. As is well known, in large masses of earthy and other solid material, its temperature does not fluctuate with that of the house, at least, as in the case with ordinary-sized pots of soil, where the absorption and radiation of the heat takes place so much more rapidly. It may further be men- tioned, that, in a house entirely devoted to the cul- tivation of Ferns under this system, its evaporating surface does not wholly consist of the principal mass of material composing the rock work ; there is the large extent of wall- surface, which, if properly constructed with rough and absorbent material, is continually giving off its moisture, besides, from that reason, affording an excellent opportunity for Ferns of more or less scandent habit to assume their native character in luxuriant profusion, by growing on it as on natural CULTIVATION. 345 rocks. As regards the design of any structure in- tended to be wholly or partially devoted to the culti- vation of Ferns, it is of course a good deal a matter of taste and convenience, as the system is available in almost any kind of structure, large or small, but varying in the degree of economy in its construction. To this end, the first consideration should be to construct in a manner that will insure the necessary amount of shade and moisture and (when required) heat, with as little auxiliary assistance as possible. Therefore if a lean-to house be adopted, the aspect should be west or north-west, with the back consisting 'entirely of wall. Should a span-roofed structure, how- ever, be preferred, which indeed for all purposes is much the best (and which will be here treated of as a general example), its aspect should be north and south, by which a shadier and consequently a moister side of the house will be obtained, suitable for Ferns of more or less delicate structure, such as the genera Trichomanes and Hymenophyllum. A. sunk house, in the manner of a ditch or railway-cutting, is most suitable, and will give ample height for the growth of Tree Ferns, without the necessity of having high side walls, and thus exposing a lessened portion of the house's surface to the action of climatic vicissitude; consequently a warm moist atmosphere may be main- tained with but little assistance from artificial heat. As a source of heat the hot- water apparatus is to be preferred, on account of its economic utility, and where practicable the pipes should be hidden as much as possible with the rockery material. Perkins's sys- tem of heating is perhaps the best for a house of this kind ; it consists of coils of small pipe, which can be 346 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. arranged in any part of the house, and are readily detached and again fixed at another point when found necessary. The first deposit for the rockery should be rough and somewhat absorbent, such as irregular brickbats, masses of stone, loosely disposed to admit of a ready dissemination of the heat amongst its parts, and then follow with the material proper. Apertures for the escape of the heat should be con- structed at frequent intervals, drain-pipes being very suitable for this purpose, which, by the mass being kept properly moist, will allow the heated air to circulate in a congenial steamy condition throughout the house. In the design and arrangement of the principal mass of material composing the rockwork, it is, as in the design of the house, a good deal a matter of taste and convenience as regards size; whether in repre- senting in miniature a rugged mountain side, or deep glen, with its clear pool, reflecting the elegant forms of the Ferris growing near it ; or may be a miniature valley, with undulating surfaces gradually rising on either side, with projecting rocks. There are nu- merous kinds of material more or less suitable for constructing a rockery either indoors or out, and but a few localities where some of these may not be easily procured. The chief desideratum is to have such that is of porous consistence, and generally with rough and ragged surfaces. It is useless to be particular in the selection of various kinds of stone on account of their fine quality, either in texture or colour ; for where Ferns properly thrive all such will be speedily obscured by their luxuriant growth ; consequently any brick- field affords very good material that would contribute largely in the general structure, in the way of con- CULTIVATION. 34 7 glomerated masses of brick, or bricks artificially amassed with Portland cement to form miniature rocks, rugged cones, rough pillars, or perpendicular surfaces. However, when procurable, the absorbent and roughly quarried soft stone should enter largely into the composition of the rockery, as it is pre-eminently useful, not only in contributing so largely to the natural appearance of the whole, but, when the more delicate members of the Fern family of creeping habit are grown, it is invaluable in affording a moist surface for their tender rhizomes to cling to. It is seldom that wood of any kind is found of much use, as it is so soon reduced by decomposition, and fungi produced in contaminating profusion. The soil to be used in the rockery-house should be selected and applied according to the principle already given in pot- culture. The style of the Fern-rockery having been decided on and executed accordingly, the next step will be to arrange the plants about it ; and to carry this out satisfactorily is not the least difficult part of the whole undertaking, as it is not only essential to provide positions for each individual plant, but such that will prevent any injurious interference of its neighbour, either by foliage or root. Should the roof require support (and if not, should it be consistent with elegance and regularity), pillars composed of rough porous stone or brickwork may be constructed, and, if admissible, united above as archings, which, when clothed with the luxuriant foliage of scandent and pendulous Ferns, intermixed with the broad foliage of creeping Aroidece, growing from their crevices and recesses, would greatly enhance the beauty of the whole, and give a most accurate and 348 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREfGN. durable example of the manner in which many species of Ferns and Aroidece clothe the trunks of trees in tropical forests; also several species of epiphytal woody plants may be introduced with good effect, such as Tancecium parasiticum, Marcgravia umbellata,. Norantea coccinea, Soyas, and other creepers not subject to be infested with insects. The species of Phymatodes, Pleopeltis, Davallia, and several allied genera, as aisoPolybotrya and Stenochlcena, will luxuriate over the moist surfaces and form a compact mass ; and, if planted near the wall, direct their rhizomes upwards, and the plants will quickly assume a most elegant appearance. The grand and beautiful Schellolepis verrucosa, and its allies, should be placed in elevated positions, as their fronds are long and pendulous. Elevated positions will also be found for the species of Platy cerium, the grand Drynaria Heraclea,a,TLdD. coro- nans : the latter is remarkable in its thick rhizome, progressing in a circular direction round trees, which, with the erect, broad, rigid fronds, gives the idea of a coronet or crown; this circular direction appears to be normal. A fine plant at Kew, in the course of eight years, grown in a shallow pot, formed a circle more than a foot in diameter. For that portion of the terrestrial group composed of stronger growing spe- cies, such as Phegopteridece, Pterideoe, Aspleniece, &c., for which firmer soil is necessary, the ordinary surfaces of the rockery offer most suitable positions, arranged there in a manner as their sizes indicate, so as to be in harmony with those of smaller size around them. It is perhaps essential to note that the Gymnogramma, Cheilanthes, and their allies, require a place in the Fernery, the lightest and best drained; therefore CULTIVATION. 349 tlie higher part of the rockery is best suited for them. In such a Fernery as this now before the mind's eye, convenient positions, in the form of dripping crypts and recesses, may be provided for the delicately beau- tiful and easily grown Trichomanes and Hymenophyllum, without the aid of glass cases that are necessarily used, as already explained, under pot-culture. Where Tree Ferns would be grown, the proper situation for them is the lowest part of the house, in the valley, where the greatest head-room would be obtained, and most constant shade and moisture about their stems, which will encourage the essential growth of the aerial out-grown roots. The path in the valley may be straight or winding between the Tree Ferns, the intervening spaces to consist of raised mounds or hillocks, to be planted with the smaller kinds of Tree Ferns and other large-fronded Ferns. The different species of Selaginella should occupy the intervening spaces between the plants, which will add greatly to the natural appearance of the whole and assist in pro- moting a genial atmosphere. To whatever extent a house of this nature may be carried for tropical Ferns, the same must be allowed for the extra-tropical kinds, and being sunk, the necessary amount of heating power required will be just sufficient to keep out frost. Keeping the house shut during the winter season, so as to maintain a quiet, still atmosphere, greatly assists in repelling frost, indeed for such houses ventilation is only necessary to keep down high temperature during summer; free admission is, however, beneficial when the external air is still and moist, when even the tropical division may be freely left open during the nights of 350 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. summer, but taking care to prevent currents of dry air. I have now stated the chief points to be observed in forming and arranging an indoor natural Fernery, the principles of which are capable of application to houses of the ordinary construction and usual average size, or to any extent that means will allow ; even to realize the grand idea of the celebrated Loudon, who, more than thirty years ago, speaking in favour of span- roofs, said, ' ' There would be no difficulty in covering ten acres of Kew Gardens with glass by a series of span-roofs." Although since then much has been done at Kew, by the erection of lofty plant-houses, still the area covered falls far short of ten acres; but as natural cultivation is now patronized, and with the improving age and desire for novelty, let us hope that the time is not far distant when Kew may have at least one acre converted into a straight or winding Fern- valley covered with glass, the highest part not to exceed thirty or thirty-five feet above the centre of the valley, that being sufficient height for such Tree Ferns as may perchance withstand the vicissitudes of thirty years careful treatment. In a house of this kind, furnished with means of maintaining a temperature of 60 in the coldest weather, situations in it would be found suitable to the good growth of not only Ferns and Aroidece, but also Bromeliacece, Orchids, and other kinds*of plants of an epiphytal nature. For an open-air Fernery a sheltered situation should be chosen, and if possible within the influence of shelter and shade, but not under trees ;'a sloping bank, a natural or artificial hollow, such as an old gravel-pit or sunk fence, may be turned to good account. The CULTIVATION. 351 number of species of exotic Ferns sufficiently hardy to bear the cold of our winters is very limited, much less than is generally believed, the chief of them being natives of North America, which, with the British species, amount to about 80 in all; therefore the extent of space required for a simple collection of hardy Ferns is small ; an area of 60 feet by 10 will be ample, and which may be either on the side of a slope, or between two slopes with a path in the centre and open at one end only ; or it may be a raised oblong mound with a path all around it. If not confined to a strictly scientific collection, and space to be had, an interesting natural glen may be formed by introducing other plants conspicuous for their large foliage. It has been already stated, that although our small- growing native and several exotic species, such as the rock Asplenice, Woodsia, &c., endure the extremes of heat and cold in their native localities, they neverthe- less suffer by full exposure under artificial cultivation ; it is therefore necessary to plant them on the rockery, so that they can readily be protected in winter ; an inverted flower-pot, placed over each plant and covered with leaves, or some loose material analogous to the covering of snow of their native country, is a good protection against being injured by excess of moisture or severe cold. Where the rockery is to be carried out on a large scale, then oaves and chasms may readily be constructed, and with a natural or artificial head of water they can be kept moist by the constant drop- ping and spreading spray; thus making appropriate positions for the natural growth of Adiantum Cappilus, Hymenophyllece, &c. But when a full collection of the many varieties of Scolopendrium, Asplenium, Lomaria, 352 TERNS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN. &c., are grown, then a pit, or frame with glazed sashes, is the most convenient mode of keeping them. The width of the pit should not exceed 5 feet, 3 feet or more high at the back, to slope to about a foot at front, its length regulated according to the number of plants. They may be either grown in pots, arranged to slope to the front, or a bank may be formed with small rockery stones, neatly arranged with the plants between them, and if the mason work for the frame or pit is contrived to be hidden, the whole will then be in character with the general rockery. By this an interesting little bank may be formed, and by proper arrangement of the plants the variety lover can at a glance see the difference that marks one favourite from another. The glass pro- tection will stimulate the plants into early growth, and finer fronds will be made, but care must be taken not to expose the young fronds to the harsh drying winds of spring, or late frosts, which often do great injury to out of door Ferns ; by midsummer, the glass sashes may be entirely removed, due attention being paid to watering and shading. If the soil and subsoil of the situation chosen for a hardy Fernery is stiff and retentive of moisture, and the neighbouring trees, walls, &c., are clothed with Musci and Lichens, it is favourable for Ferns without the aid of much rockery ; but if the soil is light and sandy, then rockery is most essential for retaining moisture, not only for Ferns, but also all kinds of small herbaceous plants. Formerly there were great masses of rockery in the Botanic Garden at Kew, but modern taste has swept the whole away, which, with the removal of trees, walls, and old shrubberies, has CULTIVATION. 353 caused tlie garden to become drier, as is manifested by the disappearance of above nearly forty species of Mosses, Hepatlcce, and Lichens; the effects of this, with other causes, have been hurtful to the hardy Fern col- lections. In forming a new rockery, after the plants have become once established, as few changes should take place as possible, either with the plants or stones on which Musci should be encouraged to grow ; and in order to give a decorative effect, Sedums, Semper- vivums, Saxifrages, &c., may be placed on the pro- jections and shelvings of the stones, the whole bordered by a line of spring-flowering plants, such as Iberis sempervirens, Alyssum saxatile, Arabis alpina, and other plants of that nature. It may be also mentioned that the vicinity of water is a favourable position for a Fernery; where such does not already exist, an artificial piece of water should be made in conjunction with the rockery, varying in size from a small basin to any extent : it may be circular, oblong, straight, or winding, with irregular projections. In ordinary cases its width need not exceed ten to twelve feet ; its margin should con- sist of a bog or border, not less than three feet wide, having a slope to the edge of the water. This border will afford the means of growing a great many curious sub-aquatic and bog plants, and the projections will be excellent positions for the different species of Osmunda ; water-lilies occupying the centre. The want of such a rockery and aquarium has been much felt at Kew; for with all the great cost for lakes, ponds, and water-works, yet no arrangement has been made for growing a scientific collection of bog and aquatic plants, either hardy or tropical. 2 A 354 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN. IY. CULTIVATION OF FERNS IN WARD'S CASES. IT is now thirty years since I was invited by Dr. Ward to visit him at his house in Wellclose Square, for the purpose of seeing plants growing in cases and glass jars, so closed as to be considered air-tight. Knowing, as I did, the common practice of growing plants under hand and bell-glasses, I therefore could not appreciate what I had gone to see until I was made aware that the plant-loving residents of such smoky and soot-falling districts of the metro- polis, as that of Wellclose Square, could grow rare and delicate plants equal to those at Kew. An account of this method of growing plants appeared in the Companion to the Botanical Magazine for 1836, and in April, 1838, the celebrated philosopher Mr. Faraday delivered a lecture at the Koyal Institution on the subject, which may be considered as the advent and introduction of Wardian cases, under which a large portion, and decidedly the most beautiful of the Fern family, are now successfully cultivated in the sitting-rooms of the town-confined lovers of natural objects. In 1842 Dr. Ward published a small work on the subject, giving a history and details of manage- ment, which renders it unnecessary for me to say more regarding the early history of Ward's cases. The principle on wtich the system is founded, consists simply in shutting up air in glass cases, in such a manner that it is not readily influenced by changes of the external atmosphere. The case also contains several inches depth of moist earth, that gives off CULTIVATION. 355 •moisture to the absorbent, undisturbed air above it, •which becomes more or less saturated, as dependent iupon changes of temperature, and thus becomes proper for the growth of plants. The case may be constructed of any shape or size, ! according to taste or means ; it can be square or iround, an octagon or hexagon; the roof may be a dome, span, or sloping, but by all means avoid a flat one ; and be the shape whatever it may, the design should in every point be neat, and not of such an ornamental (description as to be more attractive than the plants. |A very good, interesting collection may be grown in one 3 ft. long by 1J ft. in width, and 2J feet high; it will have the best appearance if the sides are con- structed with single squares of glass ; but if divided, it must not be into more than three, as many [divisions spoil the effect ; the ends should be made to open, to enable any dressing or removing of old fronds to be done conveniently, and a small piece of perforated zinc should be inserted in the apex of the [roof at each end, which will assist in preventing the lalmost universal complaint, that the plants cannot be Iseen for condensed water on the inside of the glass ; this is caused by the variation of temperature. If the case stands in the sun or becomes warm inside ; during the day, and retains the heat, whilst the ;temperature of the room may fall considerably during jthe night, the cold air, acting upon the glass, con- jdenses the warmer vapour inside and obscures the rplants. By the introduction of the above-named jremedy the temperature is more equally balanced, (and the plants are always to be clearly seen. Should the air outside become very hot and dry, it will be 2 A2 356 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN. : advisable to close the ventilators for a short tim during the day. The glass case should be entirely in- dependent of the soil-box, but to fit the inside, resting in a groove or rabbet. The box should be about 6 in. ] deep, and may be made of zinc, brass, or wood lined with gutta-percha or zinc ; but metal of any kind in contact with the earth or air in which plants are grown is not genial to either their roots or foliage. I have always found the plants succeed best in a neatly-made wooden box lined with pitch, having a small tap or cock in one corner of the bottom, for] letting away any excess of water; but this will noti be necessary if proper attention is observed in supplying the plants with a sufficient amount of water at one time, which, in consequence of little or no evaporation taking place, will be seldom required. ! This knowledge can only be gained by practice ; 1 many amateurs' failures with Ward's cases being ; caused mostly by giving too copious waterings atj certain stated intervals. The height of the stand must be regulated accord- ing to whether the plants are to be viewed in a sitting or standing position ; for the former the ' ordinary height of a table is a sufficient guide, and \ for the latter a few inches higher, so that the plants j can be seen through the side glass rather than from the top. In preparing the box for the plants, about I one inch of its depth should be filled with sand or other drainage material, such as is already explained in pot-culture — but in Ward's cases this is only! necessary as a precaution against an over-supply of j water, — the rest filled with soil, which should be good fibry peat and silver sand, intermixed with pieces of j CULTIVATION. 357 ^sandstone broken small, or (if peat cannot be pro- icured) good light loam. Having proceeded so far, |two systems of planting the case present themselves. [The first plan is to plant in the soil, which should be praised in the centre ; the number of plants will r depend on the size of the box, and care must be ! taken not to plant them in too crowded a manner, fthe distance apart depending on the size and nature j of the plants, but in no case should they be closer "than six inches. The second method is to have the I plants established in 4 to 6-inch pots, plunging them ! in the soil sufficiently deep to hide the rims of the spots. The last system has one decided advantage, [ namely, should a plant die or does not succeed, it can ;be removed and replaced without disturbing its 'neighbour. It must be understood that the above I mode of planting relates to plants with erect verna- itioii only, but those with creeping rhizomes, that form , each of which, by proper care, becomes a plant. Then again experiments have shown, that by dividing the Prothallium from the base upwards with a sharp instrument into two or even four parts, each part produces a plant bud. Seeing this, it is reasonable to infer that Prothallia have the power of producing plant buds, analogous to leaves of Begonias and other plants ; but whether such is the case, or each bud is the result of the action of spermatozoids on latent Arcliegonia, is not known. Then again we have the remarkable instance of the great profusion of plants produced by the spores of all farinose Ferns, such as species of Gymnogramma, Cheilanthes, Notholcena, Cincinalis, fyc., and also of the smooth ebenous genera Pellcea, Platyloma, Doryo- CULTIVATION. 369 pteris, and Adiantum, while comparatively only a few of the srnooth-fronded species of the division Eremo- brya produce plants from spores. This subject yet requires much experimental investigation before satisfactory reasons can be assigned for what is here stated. The majority of Ferns that do not increase by spores, often, however, readily do so by other means, such as by offsets, and viviparous buds, or bulbils produced on the upper surface, on the apex of the fronds, or in the axils of the segments, which, when placed under favourable circumstances, become plants. Ferns of caespitose vernation will occasionally produce buds or crowns laterally on the old caudex, which may be readily separated for propagation with a sharp knife ; when the vernation consists of a creep- ing rhizome, such may be cut in pieces of whatever length desirable, with a bud or growing point in each piece, and, as with the separated lateral crowns, should be placed in as small a pot as convenient, with soil suitable to their kind (selected according to the rule already given for establishing plants), and the whole subjected to an extra close atmosphere till thoroughly established. Up to the present time at- tempts to propagate Ferns by separated portions de- void of any previously joined bud have proved fruitless; although by some a solitary instance in Scolopen- drium vulgare is considered sufficient evidence to the contrary, as portions of the base of its fronds, if separated, inserted in soil, and kept close and moist by the aid of a bell-glass, will readily strike ; so also with some of the abnormal forms of the same genus, if portions of the margins of their fronds are treated in 370 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. the same manner. Upon close examination, however, previously formed embryo buds are observable and considering, too, its close affinity with the Aspleniums, the most proliferous (in the formation of bulbils) of all Ferns, this cannot be wondered at. To propagate Ferns by the buds produced on their foliage is most easy. As soon as the bulbil plants have attained a size to be handled conveniently, they should be carefully taken off and pricked out in pots filled with mode- rately fine soil, and kept covered with a bell-glass till thoroughly rooted, when they may be potted off in single pots, as required. Species with long, slender, hard sarmentum, such as Grleielienicij do not root readily when separated ; in- deed, large plants have been entirely destroyed by too free division of their sarmentum; to prevent this, layers are resorted to, which is accomplished by fixing pro- longing sarmentums over small pots filled with soil, which, when well rooted, can be separated with safety, and without injuring the specimen plant. Again, in regard to the division Eremobrya, they are not only remarkable in the sterility of their spores, but also in not producing viviparous buds; however, the readiness with which small portions of their rhizomes form plants, and the already described tenacity of life, seem to make them independent or to render less need of perfect spores or bulbils. In concluding this treatise, I deem it necessary to explain, that, in consequence of the woodcuts occupying more space than was calculated for, and in order to keep the book within a limited size, it has become necessary to considerably reduce the original manuscript on Cultivation. It is, however, CULTIVATION. 371 hoped that what is now given in the preceding pages will be sufficient to show the nature of Ferns, and the methods adopted for propagating and preserving them in the collections of this country. NOTE. In the preceding article on Cultivation it has been shown that all Ferns are capable of being cultivated in this country under one of three conditions as regards temperature, deter- mined by the nature of the native climate of the different species, which, as regards the species enumerated in the preceding catalogue, I classify as follows : — 1st. Hardy, in the open air. North and Central Europe, including Great Britain and Ireland, North America, North Asia. 2nd. Temperate House. South Europe, Madeira, South Africa, North India, China, Japan, Australia, South of the Tropics, Tasmania, Norfolk Island, New Zealand, Chili, Mexico. A few species of those countries are hardy, — such are marked H. after the name of the country ; some others improve by a higher temperature, — such are marked Tr. after the name of the country. 3rd. Tropical House. "West Tropical Africa, including St. Helena and Ascension, Mauritius, Ceylon, India, Malacca, the 2 B 2 372 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Malayan Archipelago, including Penang, Singapore, Java, and the Philippines, Borneo, the Polynesian and other Islands of the Pacific within or near the Tropics, Sandwich Islands, Tropical America, inclu- ding Venezuela, New Granada, Panama, Peru, Guiana, Brazil, West Indies. Some species from high altitudes within these countries will thrive in the Temperate House, — such are marked T., after the name of the country. 373 A LIST OF AUTHORS AND BOOKS QUOTED IN THIS WOKK. N.B. — When no special book is quoted after an author's name, his writings on ferns are to be found in botanical and other scien- tific journals of their time, and which are too numerous to notice in this work. — Those with an asterisk are living authors. *Agardh. J. C. Agardh, Professor of Botany at Stockholm ; author of a " Monograph on the genus Pteris." Ait. W. & W. T. Aiton, father and son, Directors of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, from 1760 to 1841 ; authors of 1st and 2nd edition of " Hortus Kewensis," 1793 and 1813. A. Rich. A. Richard, a French botanist ; " Voyage de 1' Astrolabe (Botanique)." *Arn. Walker Arnott, Professor of Botany at the University, Glasgow (see Hook, et Am.). *Bab. C. C. Babington, Professor of Botany at the University, Cambridge ; an eminent British botanist. * Backhouse. James Backhouse & Son, nurserymen, York ; importers and cultivators of Ferns. Bauer. Francis Bauer, a celebrated botanical painter (see Hook. et Bauer). Beauv. Palisot de Beauvois, a French botanist ; author of " Flore d'Oware;" figures and descriptions of plants in the Bight of Benin, 1810. Betrnh. J. J. Bernhardi, Professor of Botany at Erfurt. Blume. C. L. Blume, Director of the Botanic Garden, Batavia ; " Enum. Plant. Jav.," 1830 ; " Fl. Jav.," figures and descrip- tions of the plants of Java. Bolt, J. Bolton, an English botanist ; " Fil. Brit.," figures of British Ferns, 1790. 374 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Bory, J. R G. Bory de St. Vincent, a French traveller and botanist, *Brack. W. D. BracJcenridge, Botanist to the United States' exploring expedition ; Descriptions and figures of the Ferns of the expedition. Braun. A. Braun, Professor of Botany, Berlin ; " Monograph on Selaginella." Br. E. Brown, the most celebrated of botanists ; " Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae," 1810 ; " Observations on Ferns in Wallich's Plantae Asiaticse Kariores ;" Horsfield's " Plantse Javee." Br. P. Browne, author of a " History of Jamaica," 1756. Brongn. A. Brongniart, a French botanist. Burm. J. Burmann, a Dutch botanist, and writer on plants of India, Ceylon, &c. Carm. Captain D. Carmichael, a Scotch cryptogamic botanist. Cav. A. J. Cavanilles, Professor of Botany, Madrid. *Colenso. Rev. W. Colenso, a New Zealand botanist. Col. A. Colla, a collector and namer of Chilian ferns. Cunn. A. Cunningham, a celebrated botanist and traveller in Brazil and New South Wales from 1815 to 1830. Dec. Aug. Decandolle, a celebrated French systematic botanist. Desf. M. Desfontaines, a French botanist and traveller in Barbary : " Flora Atlantica." Desv. N. A. Desvaux, an eminent French botanist ; author of several papers on Ferns, from 1808 to 1814 De Vriese. G. H. De Vriese, a Professor of Botany, Leyden ; " Monograph on the genus Angiopteris." Dick J. Dickson, an English cryptogamic botanist. Don. D. Don, Professor of Botany, King's College, London; " Prodromus Florae Nepalensis." * Dry. Jonas Dryander, librarian to Sir Joseph Banks ; a writer on Ferns in the " Linnaean Transactions." *Eat. D. C. Eaton, an American botanist. Ehrhart. F. Ehrhart, a German botanist. Endl. Endlicher, Professor of Botany, Vienna ; " Prodromus Florae Norfolkicsa." Eng. Bot. English Botany, " Figures and descriptions of British plants," by Sir J. E. Smith and Jas. Sowerby. Eschw. F. L. Eschiveiler, a German botanist. *Fee. A. F. A. Fee, Professor of Botany, S^rasburg, an eminent pteridologist ; " Genera Filicum," descriptions and figures of the genera of Ferns, 1850-3852 ; " Memoirs on Acrostichum and other Genera." A LIST OF AUTHORS AND BOOKS. 375 Eussian botanist, and Director of the Im- rden, St. Petersburg (see Lang, d Fisch.). 'i Danish naturalist and traveller in Arabia ; Fitch. Dr. Fischer, a Eussian botanist, and Director of the Im- rial Botanic Garden, St. Petersburg (see Lang, d Fisch.). Effyptiaca." Forst. John Reinhold Forster, botanist to Captain Cook^s second " hr's ' Crtoanna. " Flora t. John , voyage ; " Figures of Ferns in Schkuhr's ' Cryptoganna. Gal H Galeotti, a German botanical collector in Mexico. Gard. Chron. Gardeners' Chronicle, a weekly journal. New Gardn. r Gaud. . . garden ferns described by T. Moore. in. Dr. G. Gardner^ a botanical traveller in Brazil, and Director of the Botanic Garden, Ceylon. w»d M C. Gaudichaud, a French botanist; "Plants of ' Freycinet, Voyage de 1'Uranie," 1817-1820. Gill. Dr. Gillies, a Scotch botanist and collector of plants in Gmel 1J G. Gmelin, a Kussian botanist and traveller in Siberia ; author of a ! System of Plants" and « Flora Sibmca.". ?. Dr. visa Gray, Professor of Botany, Havard University, . . United States. , , *Grev. Dr. R. K. Greville, an eminent botanical artist *Griseb° A. H. E. 'Grisebach, a German botanist ; " Flora of the West Indies," 1864. Haenk. (see Presl). . Ham. Dr. Francis Hamilton, an Indian botanist. *Hance. Dr. H. F. Hance, an English botanist, and writ Chinese Ferns. . Hedw. J. Hedmg, a German cryptogamic sbotwurt. H etB &H B K. Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth. The two first famous travellers and botanists in South America. Kunth. a German botanist. */ta EoWe Heward, a zealous botanist, and writer on Ferns of Jamaica, in the " Magazine of Natural History." Hitch. • - Hitchcock, a North American writer, Jloff. ^F'. Hoffmann, a German botanist, and writer on crypto- framic plants, 1784. . Homb. et Jacq. Hombron et Jatquemont, French voyagers to tl South Pole ; « Voyage au Pol Sud, &c.," History of the Voyage r. Hooker, Director of the Eoyal Botanic Gardens Kew, from 1841 to 1865 ; an admirable descriptive botanist and eminent Pteridologist ; « Exotic Flora," figures of rare plants, 1823 • " Icones Plantarum," figures of 1,000 rare plants-many Ferns'; « Second Century of Ferns " 100 figures of rare Ferns ; " Filices Exotica," figures of 100 Ferns ; Garden l^erns, t 376 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. figures ; " Journal of Botany," 4 vols. ; " London Journal of Botany," 7 vols. ; " Journal of Botany and Kew Miscellany," 9 vols. ; " Species Filicum," 5 vols., descriptions of all known Ferns with upwards of 300 figures, 1844-64. Hook, et Am. Hooker and Arnott, " Botany of Capt. Beechey's Voyage." Hook et Bauer. Hooker and Bauer, the "Genera Filicum," figures of the genera of Ferns, illustrated by Bauer, 1838. Hook, et Grev. Hooker and G-reville ; " Icones Filicum," figures of rare Ferns, 230 plates, 2 folio vols., 1831. *Hook. fil. Dr. Joseph Hooker, Director of the Eoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew; appointed 1865 ; "Flora Antarctica," " Flora of New Zealand," " Flora of Tasmania." Hoppe. J. C. Hoppe, a German botanist, and collector of plants. Hort. Gardens ; Hort. Ang. English gardens ; Hort. Berol. Berlin garden ; HorL Linden. Horticultural Garden, Brus- sels. *Houlst. (see Moore et Houlst.}. Huds. W. Hudson, an English writer on British plants. Humb. A. v. Humboldt. a celebrated traveller and philosopher (see H. B. K.). Jacq. Nicolas Joseph & Francois Jacquin, father and son, eminent Austrian botanists ; " Icones rariorum," figures of rare plants. * Johns. J. Y. Johnson, a writer on Madeira ferns. *J. 8m. John Smith, Curator Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (retired 1864) ; " Gen. Fil.," an arrangement of the genera of Ferns in Hooker's " Journal of Botany," 1841 ; " Enum. Fil. Philipp.," an enumeration of the Ferns collected by H. Cuming in the Philippine Islands ; " Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald," an enumeration of the Ferns in Seemann's " Botany of the Voyage of the ' Herald ' ; " " Cat." Ferns cultivated at Kew, in appendix to Botanical Magazine, 1846 ; " Cat. Cult. Ferns," catalogue of Ferns cultivated in British gardens in 1857. *Karst. Dr. Karsten, a German botanist and traveller in Tropical America ; " Flora Columbia." Kaulf. G. F. Kaulfuss, Professor of Botany, Leipsic ; " Enum. Fil.," Enumeration of the Ferns collected in Chamisso's Voyage. Klot. Dr. Klotzsch, a German botanist. Kunze. G. Kunze, Professor of Botany, Leipsic ; " Analecta Pteridographia," figures and descriptions of Ferns, 1834 ; " Schkuhr's Cryptogamia," continued, 1841-51 ; numerous other papers on Ferns. Labill. J. J. Labillardiere, a French navigator sent in search of A LIST OF AUTHORS AND BOOKS. 377 M. La Perouse ; "Nov. Holl. Plant. Spec.," figures and descriptions of New Holland plants, 1804-1806; "Sertum Austro-Caledon.," figures and descriptions of plants in New Caledonia. Lag. M. Lagasca, Professor of Botany, Madrid. Lam. Jo. Bapt. Monet de Lamarck, a celebrated French naturalist and compiler. Lang, et Fisch. G. Langsdorf, a Russian botanist. " Icon. Fil.,' figures of Ferns, chiefly Brazilian, 1810. LHerit. C. L. L' Heritier, a French botanist. Lieb. Liebmann, a German botanist. Lieb. Liebold, a German traveller and botanist, and collector of plants in Mexico. *Linden. J. Linden, a nurseryman at Brussels, and traveller in Mexico and Peru ; a collector and importer of rare plants. Lindl. Dr. John Lindley, an eminent systematic botanist, Professor of Botany, University College, London ; " LindL & Moore : Nature-printed British Ferns." Link. H. F. Link, Professor of Botany, Berlin ; " Enumeration of the Ferns of the Berlin Garden." ' Linn. Car. Linnceus, the celebrated Swedish botanist, and founder of modern botany. Lodd. Conrad Loddiges & Son, nurserymen and great cultivators of Ferns at Hackney. Lour. Loureiro, a Portuguese botanist and traveller in Cochin China ; " Flora Cochinchinensis." *Lowe. E. J. Lowe ; " Lowe's Ferns," figures and descriptions of exotic Ferns, in 9 vols. Mart, et Gal. " Figures and descriptions of Mexican Ferns," by H. Galeotti and M. Martens. Mart. C. F. P. Martins, Professor of Botany in Munich ; " Icon. Crypt.," figures and descriptions of Brazilian Ferns, 1820. *Metten. Dr. G. Mettenius, Professor of Botany at Leipsic, and eminent writer on Ferns ; " Figures and descriptions of the Ferns in the Leipsic Garden ; " " Monograph on the genus Asplenium," &c. Mey. C. Meyer, a German botanist. Michx. A. Michaux, a French botanist and traveller in North America ; " Flora Boreali- Americana." *Miq. F. A. G. Miguel, a Dutch botanist. *Moore. T. Moore, Curator of the Apothecaries' Garden, Chelsea ; " Index Filicum," an alphabetical list of all names of Ferns ; various books on British Ferns (see Lindl.}. *Moore et Houlst. T. Moore and W. Eoulston ; " Descriptions and Wood-cuts of Cultivated Ferns," published in Ayer's " Magazine of Botany." Muhl. Muhlenberg, a North American botanist. 378 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. *Newm. Edwd. Newman, author of works on British Ferns. Nutt. D. Nuttall, a North American botanist. Plum. Car. Plumier, a French botanist and traveller in the West Indies. " Plum. Fil.," figures and descriptions of Ferns, chiefly of the French West India Islands, 1666. Poir. M. Poiret, a French botanical compiler. Presl. C. B. Presl, Professor of Botany, Prague ; a famous Pteri- dologist ; " Reliqua Haenkaeana," figures and descriptions of Ferns collected by the traveller Haenke ; " Tent. Pterid.," a new arrangement of the genera of Ferns, 1836 ; " Epimelise Botanicee," figures and descriptions of Ferns, being an addenda to the preceding. Pursh. Frederick Pursh, author of a " Flora of North America." Radd. J. Raddi, a German botanist, who travelled in Brazil ; " Fil. Bras.," figures and descriptions of Brazilian Ferns, 1825. Eaoul. M. M. E. Raoul, a French botanist and writer on New Zealand Ferns. *Regel. — Regel, Director of the Imperial Garden, St. Petersburg, 1866. Retz. A. J. Retzius, a German botanist and writer on plants of Ceylon. Rheede. H. van Rheede, a Dutch botanist ; " Hortus Indicus Malabaricus," a large work on the plants of Malabar, 1703. Reichenb. — Reichenbach, a German botanist ; " Flora Germanica." Reinw. — Reinwardt, Professor of Botany, Leyden, and traveller and collector of plants in Java and other Malayan islands. Remy in Gay. Remy, an authority in 01. Gay's " Flora of Chili." Rich. L. C. Richard, a writer on the plants of Guiana. Roth. A. G. Roth, a celebrated German botanist and writer on Ferns. Roxb. Dr. Roxburgh, an English botanist ; " Observations on St. Helena Ferns." *R. T. Lowe. R. T. Loive, a writer on Madeira Ferns. Rudge. E. Rudge, author of a work on the plants of Guiana. SchL C. Schlcuhr, a Dutch botanist; "Crypt. Schk," crypto- gamic figures of Ferns ; " Crypt. Supp.," supplement of the above, continued by Kunze. Schlecht. D. F. L. Schlechtendahl, Professor of Botany in Berlin ; Schlecht. Adumb. " Adumbratio Plantarum," figures and descriptions of South African Ferns. Scikott. Heinrich Schott, Director Royal Gardens, Vienna ; " Schott Gen. Fil.," the genera, illustrated by figures. Schreb. J. C. Schreber, a German botanist. Schum. — Schumacher, a writer on plants of Guinea. A LIST OP AUTHOES AND BOOKS. 379 *Seemann. Dr. Berthold Seemann, an eminent botanist and voyager ; " Botany of the expedition of the surveying ship Herald" Sibth. Dr. Sibthorp, an English botanist and traveller in Greece ; author of " Flora Graeca." Sieber. — Sieber, a celebrated German botanical traveller and collector in various parts of the world. *Sim. H. Sim, a nurseryman and celebrated grower of Ferns at Foot's Cray, Kent. Sloan. Sir Hans Sloane, a traveller in the West Indies ; author of " History of Jamaica," and founder of the British Museum. *Sm. Sir James Edivard Smith, a celebrated British botanist and writer on botany in various journals ; first President of the Linnaean Society, and purchaser of the " Linnaean Herbarium." *Sdwerby. E. Sowerby, a British botanist ; author of a work on British Ferns. Spenn. — Spenner, a German botanist. Split. F. L. Splitgerber, a Dutch botanist ; "An enumeration of the Ferns of Surinam." Spreng. C. Sprengel, Professor of Botany, Halle ; " Syst.," a syste- matic enumeration of plants according to the Linnaean arrangement. Spring. — Spring, a German botanist and writer on Lycopodiacece. *Stansfield. — Stansfield, a nurseryman at Todmorden, Yorkshire, celebrated as a discoverer and cultivator of numerous varieties of British species of Ferns. Sw. Olaf Swartz, a Swedish botanist and traveller in Jamaica ; " Synopsis Filicum," an enumeration and description of all known Ferns since 1806. Thunb. P. Thunberg, a Dutch traveller and botanist in Japan and Cape of Good Hope ; " Fl. Jap.," the Flora of Japan, 1784. *Thwaites. G. J . Thwaites, Director Botanic Garden, Ceylon ; author of " Flora of Ceylon." Tuckerman. E. Tuckerman, a United States botanist. Vahl. Mart. Vahl, a German botanist. *Van Houte. L. Van Houte, a celebrated Belgian nurseryman ; author of periodical botanical works. *Veitch. James Veitch & Son, nurserymen, London, celebrated importers and cultivators of rare Ferns. Vent. E. P. Ventenat, a French botanist. Vogler. — Vogler, a German botanist. Wall. Dr. Nathaniel Wallich, Director Botanic Garden, Calcutta. MSS. catalogue of the plants contained in the " Wallichian Herbarium " at the Linnaean Society. 380 FEENS : BEITISH AND FOKEIGN. * Watson. Hewet Cottrell Watson, an eminent British botanist. Webb. P. B. Webb, an English botanist ; " Flore des Canaries." Weis. F. W. Weis, a German cryptogamic botanist. Willd. G. L. Willdenow, Professor of Botany, Berlin ; " Species Plantarum ;" Enumeration of plants in the Berlin Garden, 1809. * Wollast. T. Wollastdn, an English botanist and writer on Ferns. Wulf. F. H. Wulfen, a German botanist. Zenk. — Zenker, a German botanist and writer on plants of the Nilgheery. 381 INDEX GENERA, SPECIES, AND SYNONYMES. N.B. — The names in italics are synonymes. Where two pages are given, the second refers to Cultivation, Aconiopteris, Presl page 107 longifolia, F4e 107 nervosa, J. 8m 107 subdiapha/n,a, Presl 107 Acrophorus. affinis, Moore 77 chcerophyllus, Moore 77 hispidus, Moore 233 immersus, Moore 77 pulchra, Moore 77 Acropteris, Link. radiata, Fee 219 septentrional/is, Link 218 Acrostichum, Linn 119 acuminatum, Willd 118 albidulum, Sw 178 alcicorne, Sw 121 alienum, Sw 118 apodum, Hook, et Grev. ... 106 appendiculatum, Willd. ... Ill areolatum, Linn 207 aureum, Linn. 120, 327 wuritum, Sw 116 axillare, Cav 93 bcwbcwum, Linn 265 Ufurcatum, Sw 110 Blumewnum, Hook 106 brachyneuron, Fee 106 callcefolium, Blume 105 Calomelanos, Linn 125 Canariense, WiUd 173 cervinum, Sw 115 Acrostichum — chrysophyllum, Sw. ...pagel2Q citrifolium, Linn 108 conforme, Sw 105 crassinervum, Kunze 105 crinitum, Sw. 108 crispatulum, Wall 117 cuspidatwn, Willd 106 flagelliferum, Wall 117 flavens, Sw 178 fceniculaceum, Hook, et Grev. 110 fraxinifolium, E. Br 120 frigidum, Linden 106 fuciforme, Wall 121 Funckii, Fee 105 Funckii, Hook 105 furcatum, Linn 249 Gaboonense, Hook 118 gra/nde, A. Cunn 121 Hamiltoniana, Wall Ill Herminieri, Bory 105 Herminieri, Hook 105 hirtum, Sw 106 Ilvense, Linn 162 lanuginosum, Desf. 173 latifolium, Sw 105 lepidopteris, Lang, et Fisch. 80 UnearifoUum, Presl 115 Lingua, Thunb 100 longifolium, Jacq 107 Mcurantce, Linn ]73 marginatum, Schk 120 382 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Acrosticlmm — Meyerianum, Hook. ...page 208 microlepis, Kunze 105 muscosum, Sw 106 nervosum, Bory 107 nicotiancefolium, Sw 118 paleaceum, Hook, et Grev. 106 peltatum, Schk 110 plilebodes, Kunze 114 piloselloides, Presl 105 prcestantissimum, Bory 119 proliferum, Blume 117 punctulatum, Linn 117 quercifolium, Retz 118 rubiginosum, Fee 106 scandens, Linn 208 Schiedei, Kunze 106 scolopendrifolium, Radd. ... 106 setosum, Wall Ill Sieberi, Hook, et Grev. ...105 sinuatum, Sw 173 sorbifolium, Linn 114 sorbifolium, Hook 248 spicatum, Linn 92 squamosum, S w 106 Stemaria, Beauv 121 stigmatolepis, Fee 105 subdiaphanum, Hook, et Grev 107 sulphureiwi, Sw 126 Tartareum, S w 125 trifoliatum, Linn 125 undulatum, Willd 106 velleum, Mt, 173 wrens, Wall 117 viscosum, Blume 106 viviparum, Sw Ill Tapurense, Hook 114 A ctiniopteris. radiata, Link 219 Actinostachys, WalL 262 digitata, Wall 263 Adiantopsis. CapensiSy Moore 176 pedata, Moore 177 pteroides, Moore 176 radiata. Fee 177 spectabilis, Fee 176 Adiantum, Linn 182 aculeatum, Linn 232 ^Bthiopicum, Linn 186 Adiantum — affine, Hook page 185 affine, Willd 185 amcenum, Wall 185 arcuatum, Sw 183 assimile, Sw 186 assimile, Lowe 186 betulinum, Kaulf. 184 Brasiliense, Link 184 Brasiliense, Radd 185 capillus-veneris, Linn. ... 186 cardiochlcena, Kunze 184 caudatum, Linn 183 Chilense, Kaulf. 186 colpodes, Moore 290 concinnum, H. B. K. 186 cristatum, Linn 184 cultratum, J. 8m 184 cuneatum, Lang, et Fisch. 186 Cunninghamia, Hook 185 curvatum, Kaulf. 184 dolabriforme, HooJc 183 emarginatum, Bory 186 Feei, Moore 185 flabellulatum, Linn 185 flexuosum, Hook 185 formosum, R. Br 185 fovearum, Radd 184 fulvum, Raoul 185 fuscum, Retz 185 hispidulum, Hort 185 hispidulum, Sw 185 Gheisbeghtii, Backhouse ... 289 intermedium, Sw 184 Kaulfusii, Kunze 183 lucidum, 8w 183 lunulatum, Burm 183 macrophyllum, Sw 183 Matthewsianum, Hook 184 monosoratum, Willd 184 Moritzianum, Klot 186 olliquum, Kaulf. 183 •obliquum, Willd 183 pallens, Sw 187 paradoxum, E. Br 182 patens, Willd 185 pedatum, Linn 185 pentadactylon,Langf. etFisch. 184 poly phjllum',- Willd 184 prionophyllum, H.B.K. 184 pubescens, Schk 185 INDEX. 383 Adiantum — pulverulentum, Linn, page 184 radiatum, Linn 177 reniforme, Linn 183 rhomboideum, Schk 184 rigidum, Hort. Berol 184 setulosum, /. Sm 185 subcordatum, Sw 184 sul phureum , Kaulf. 1 86 tenerum, Sw 186 tenerum, J. Sm 289 tetraphyllum, Hort. Berol.... 184 tetraphyllum, Willd 184 tinctum, Moore 290 trapeziforme, Linn 184 trapeziforme, Forst 185 triangulaium, Kaulf. 184 trigonum, Labill 186 truncatum, Eadd 184 varium, Presl 183 villosum, Linn 183 Wilesianum, Hook 185 Wilsoni, Hook , 183 Aleuritopteris. Mexicanum, Fee 176 Allcuntodia. Australia, E. Br 221 axillaris, Kaulf. 220 denticulata, Wall 220 umbrosa, E. Br 220 Allosorus. Calomelanos, Presl 180 cordatus, Presl 181 crispus, Bernh 177 dealbatus, Presl 176 flexuosus, Kunze 181 hastatus, Presl 180 Karwinskii, Kunze 128 pulchellus, Mart 178 sagittatus, Presl 180 Alsophila, R. Br 243 aculeata, J. Sm 245 affinis, Fee 247 armata, Presl 245 armata, Mart 244 aspera, R. Br 244 Australia, R. Br 245, 331 Beyrichiana, J. Sm 244 blechnoides, Hook 168 Capensis, J. Sm 244 contaminans, Wall 245 Alsophila — Cooperi, Hook page 245 Deckeriana, Klot 247 excelsa, R. Br 245, 331 excelsa, Mart 246 ferox, Presl 244 ferox, Presl 245 Fischeriana, Eegel 169 gigantea, Wall 245 glauca, J. Sm 245 Hostmanni, J. Sm 244 laevis, J. Sm 244 Macarthuri, Hook 245 Moorei, J. Sm 245 munita, Hort. Berol 245 paleolata, Mart 245 procera, Kaulf. 245 pruinata, Kaulf. 247 radens, Kaulf. 244 Surinamensis, J. Sm. 244< villosa, Presl 245 Amblia. juglandifolia, Presl 143 Amesium. septentrionale, Newm 218 Amphicosmia. Beyrichiana, Moore 244 Capensis, Moore 244 Hostmanni, Moore 244 loevis, Moore 244 Amphidesmium, Schott 167 blechnoides, Klot 168 Parkeri, Schott 168 rosfratum, J. Sm 168 Anapeltis, J. Sm 85, 310 geminata, J. Sm 86 lycopodioides, /. Sm 86 nitida, J. Sm 86 Owariensis; J. Sm 86 serpens, J. Sm 85 squanaulosa, J. Sm 86 stigmatica, J. Sm 86 vacciniifolia, 3. Sm 85 venosa, J. Sm 86 Anapausia. decurrens, Presl 83 Anaxetum. crassifolium, Schott 95 Anchistea, Presl 205 Yirginica, Presl 205 Anemia, Sw 25^ 384 FERNS : BRITISH ANP FOREIGN. Anemia — adiantifolia, Sw page 260 adiantifolia, Hook 260 asplenifolia, Sw 260 cheilanthoides, Kaulf. 259 cicutaria, Moore et Houlst. 260 collina, Radd 259 densa, Link 261 Dregeanea, Kunze 259 ferruginea, H. B. K 259 fiexuosa, Sw 260 fraxinifolia, Radd 261 fulva, 8w 259 hirsuta, 8w 260 Jnrta, Hort 259 longifolia, Radd 261 Mandiocana, Radd 259 Phyllitidis, Sw 261 Raddiana, Link 259 repens, Radd 260 tomentosa, Sw 259 wZZosa, H. B.K 259 Anemidictyon, J. Sm 260 Phyllitidis, J. 8m 261 Phy llitidis, Lowe 261 Anetinm, Kunze 108 citrifolium, SpUt 108 Angiopteris, Hoffm 268, 333 Brongniartiana, De Vriese. . . 268 evecta, Hoffm 268 hypoleuca, De Vriese 268 longifolia, Miq 268 Miqueliana, De Vriese 268 pruinosa, Kunze 268 Teysmanniana, De Vriese ... 268 Anisogonium. decussatum, Presl 227 esculentum, Presl 227 Serampurense, Presl 227 sylvaticum, Hook 223 Antigramma, Presl 226 Brasiliensis, Moore 226 repanda, Presl 226 rhizophylla, J. 8m 226 Antrophyum, Kaulf. 129 citrifolium, Fee 108 Cayennensis, Kaulf. 130 lanceolatum, Kaulf. 130 lineatum, Kaulf. 130 reticulatum, Kaulf. 130 Arthropteris, J. 8m 162 Artliropteris — albo-punctata, J. Sm. page 163 filipes, J. Sm 163 obliterata, J. Sm 166 tenella, J. Sm 163 Aspidium, Sw 143 abortivum, Blume 140 acrostichoides, Sw 149 aculeatum, Hook 150 aculeatum, Sw 150 acuminatwn, Hort 159 acutum, Sw 164 cemulum, Sw 158 affine, Fisch. et Mey 156 albo-punctatum, Willd 163 alpestre, Hoppe 169 alpinum, Sw 161 amabile, Blume 152 amplissimum, Metten 151 angulare, Willd 150 angustum, Willd 220 anomophyllum, Zenk 143 apiifolium, Schk 145 aristatum, Sw 151 articulatum, Sw 74 articulatum, Schk 74 atomarium, Muhl 160 atratum, Wall 156 augescens, Link 153 auriculatum, Schk 149 axillare, Sw 220 Barteri, J. Sm 286 Berteroanum, Col 151 bisseratum, Sw 165 Boottii, Tuckermann 156 Boutonianum, Hook 163 Braunii, Spenn 150 lulbiferum, Sw 160 ccespitosum, Wall 149 canum, Wall 155 Capense, Willd 151 caryotideum, Wall 143 chrysolobum, Link 155 cicutarium, Sw 145 coadunatum, Wall 145 confertum, Kaulf. 141 coniifoliumy Wall 151 conterminutn, Willd 154 coriaceum, Lowe 151 coriaceum, Sw 151 cristatum, Sw 158 INDEX. 385 Lspidinm — ^ curvifolium, Kunze ...page 151 |. davallioides, Sw 165 i; decompositum, Spreng 153 ; decurrcns, J. Sm. 146 ; decurtatum, J. Sm 140 1 deltoideum, Sw 155 denticidatum, Sw 151 deparioides, Hook 159 depastum., Schk 158 difforme, Blume 285 dilaceratum, Kunze 145 dilatatum, A. Gray 156 dilatatum, Sm 157 dre^anum, Sw 170 dumetorum, Sm 158 efrermm, J. Sm 144 eburneum, Wall 220 i elongatum, Stu 157 ensifolium, Sw 164 erosuni, Schk 158 exaUatum, Schk 164 : falcatum,Sw 142 i falciculatum, fiadd 155 falcinellum, S w 149 • fallow, Fisch 151 Filix-foemina, Sw 219 Filix-mas, Sw 156 flexum, Kunze 151 fontanum, Sw 215 fragile, S w 160 frondosum, Lowe 151 funestum, Kunze 154 giganteum, Blume 146 glabellum, Lowe 159 glanduliferum, Karst 155 glandulosum, Blume 139 Halleri, Willd 215 heracleifolium, Willd 145 Hippocrepis, Sw 145 hirsutulum, Sw 164 hirtipes, Blume 156 Tiirtum, Sw 159 hispidum, S w 159 Hookeri, Klot 141 Hookeri, Wall 139 immersum, Blume 154 impressum, Kunze 154 intermedium, Willd 158 invisum, Sw 153 juglandifolium, Kunze 143 2 Aspidium — Kaulfussii, Link page 155 lacerum, Eat 156 Lancastriense, Spreng 158 latifolium, J. Sm 145 lepidocaulon, Hook 286 leucosticton, Kuuze 163 lobatum, Sw 150 Lonchitis, Sw 149 macrophyllum, Suu 145 margrinaZis, Sw 157 melanocaulon, Blume 145 Mexicanum, Kunze 157 molle, Sw 140 mnntanum, S\v 161 mucronatum, Sw 149 mucronatum, Lowe 149 Napoleonis, Bory 157 neriiforme, S w 74 nigripes, Hort 145 nodosum, Willd 74 obliquum, Don 149 obtusum, Knnze 151 Oreopteris, Sw 154 paleaceum, Don 156 patens, Sw 154 pectinatum, Willd 164 Pica, Desv 144 pilosissimum, Don 154 pilosum, Lang, et Fisch. ... 164 plantagineum, Griseb 135 platyphyllum, Metten 145 Plumieri, Presl 144 podophyllum, Hook 155 polymorplmm. Wall 286 polyphyllum, Kaulf 154 proliferum, Hook, et Grev. 143 proliferum, E. Br 151 protensum, Sw 154 pteroides, Sw 139 Pteropus, Kanze 146 pubescens, Lowe 153 pumilum, Lowe 156 punctilobum, Sw 236 pung ens, Kaulf. 151 purpurascens, Blume 287 quinquangulare, Kunze 153 recedens, Lowe 154 regium, Sw 161 remotum, A. Br 156 repandum, Willd 145 C 386 TEENS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Aspidium — rhomboideum, Wall. ,..page 152 rigidum, Sw 156 rivulorum, Link 154 rufo-barbatum , Wall 151 Schkuhrii,Lirik 164 semicordatum, Sw 165 serra, Schk 139 setosum, Sw 152 Shepherdii, Kunze 159 Sieboldii, Van Houte 155 sinuatum, Gaud 145 spectabile, Blume 287 spinulosum, Sw 158 Sprengelii, Kaulf. 155 squamatum, Willd 166 squarrosum, Don 151 strigosum, Willd 155 submarginale, Hort. Berol. 155 subquinquefidum, Beauv. ... 154 subtriphyllum, Hook 145 tenue, Sw 160 terminals, Wall 139 Thelypteris, Sw 153 Thelypteroides, Sw 153 trapezoides, Sw 149 trapezoides, Schk 164 triangulum, Sw 149 trifoliatum, Sw 145 truncatulum, Sw 166 truncatum, Gaud 140 tuberosum, Boiy 164 uliginosum, Kunze 170 umbrosum, Sw 220 undulatum, Sw 164 unitum, Schk 139 variolosum, Wall 145 varium, Sw 157 velutinum, A. Rich 153 venustum, Hew 140 vestitum, Sw 151 villosum, Sw 157 violascens, Link 140 Wallichii, Hook 74 Asplenium, Linn 209 acuminatum, Wall 223 acutum, Bory 217 adiantoides, Hook 215 adiantoides, Raoul 215 Adiantum-nigrum, Lindl. & Moore .. .... 217 Asplenium — Adiantum-nigrum ,Linn.page 216 alatum, Uumb 213 alternans, Wall 211 alternifolium, Metten 222 alternifolium, Wulf. 218 ambiguum, Sw 227 anceps, Soland 211 appendiculatum, Labill. ... 215 arborescens, Metten. 223 Athyrium, Spreng 220 attenuatum, R. Br 217 awritum, Kunze 217 auritum, Sw 217 Australasicum, Hook 226 axillare, Webb 220 Belangeri, Kunze 214 Ufidum, Presl 214 bipartitum, Link 217 bissectum, Hort 217 brachypteron, Kunze 214 Brasiliense, Hort 210 Brasiliense, Radd 212 -, Sw 226 Retz 218 Brownii, J. Sm 221 bulbiferum, Forst 215 Ccmariense, Willd 219 caudatum, Forst 218 Ceterach, Linn 229 Ceylonense, KM 220 cicutarium, Sw 216 cicutarium, J. Sm 216 cirrhatum, Rich 216 Colensoi, Hook, fil 215 compressum, Sw 212 comptum, Moore andHoulst. 216 consimile, Remy, in Gay ... 214 contiguum, Kaulf. 219 costale, Sw 223 crenulatum, Presl 210, 320 cultrifolium, Hort 213 cuneatum, Sloan 218 cuneatum, Hook, et Grev. 219 cyrtopteron, Kunze 216 Dalhousice, Hook 211 decurtatum, Link 221 decussatum; Wall 223 decussatum, Sw 227 dentatum, Linn 213 dentax, Lowe 212 INDEX. 387 Asplenium — denticulatum, J. Sm. page 220 difforme, R. Br 214 dimidiatum, Sw 219 dimidiatum, Lowe 212 dimorphum, Kunze 215 dispersum, Kunze 217 dissectum, Link 216 divaricatum, Kunze 216 diver sifolium, A. Cunn 215 ebeneum, Ait 212 eburneum, ,7. Sm 220 elongatum, Sw 213 emarginatum, Beauv 214 erectum,, Bory 212 erectum, Hook 212 erosum, Linn 219 Fabianum, Hombr. et Jacq. 215 falcatum, Lam 218 Filix-fcemina, Bernh 219 Filix-fosmina, Moore 289 firmum, Kunze 213 flabellifolium, Cav 216 flabellulatum, Hort 216 flaccidum, Forst 214 fcecundum, Kunze 212 fceniculaceum, Hort 215 foeniculaceum, J. Sm 217 fontanum, Bernh 215 formosum, Willd 212 fragrans, Hook 212 fragrans, Sw 217 Franconis, Metten. 223 furcatum, Thumb 219 gemmiferum, Schrad 213 Germa,nicum, Weis 218 Halleri, Spreng 215 hastatum, Klot 212 Hemionitis, Linn 211 heterodon, Blume 213 Hookerianium, Colenso ... 215 inaequale, Kunze 214 juglandifolium, Lam 222 Karstenianum, Klot 216 Kaulfussii, Schlecht 290 Klotzschii, Metten 222 Icetum, Hort 213 laceratum, Desv 219 lanceolatum, Huds 217 lanceum, Thunb 209 laserpitiifolium, Lam 219 2 Asplenium — laxum, R. Br page 215 lineatum, Sw 214 longissimum, Blume 217 lucidum, Forst 213 lucidum, Schleclit 213 macilentum, Kunze 217 macrocarpum, Blume 220 macropliyllum, J. Sm. 217 Maderense, Penny 219 marginatum, Linn. 228 marinum, Linn 213 melanocaulon, Willd 211 Mexicanum, Mart, et Gal. ... 217 Michauxii, Spreng 220 monanthemum, Linn 212 myriophyllum, Presl 216 Nidus, Radd 210 Nidus, R. Br 226 NidMS, Linn 226 nigripes, Metten 290 nitens, Sw 217 nitidum, 8w 219 nodosum, Linn 269 obliquum, Forst 214 obtueatum, Forst 214 obtusifolium, Linn 212 obtusilobum, Sw 216 Odontites, R. Br 214 odoratum, Moore 212 oligophyllum, Kaulf, 214 Otites, Link 213 paleacenm, R. Br 218 palmatum, Lam 211 Petrarchse, D. C 212 phyllitidis,Don 226 pinnatifidum, Nutt 216 planicaule, Lowe 217 plantagineum, Linn 221 plwmosum, Bory 214 polyodon, Forst 218 polypodioides, Metten 222 polypodioides, Sw 212 prcemorsum, Lowe 219 praemorsum, Sw 219 productum, Presl 213 productum, Lowe 217 proZi/er'ttw, Lam 227. prolongatum, Hook 214 protensum, Kaulf. 290 pubescens, Moore and Houlst. 221 2 388 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Asplenium — pulchellum, Hort page 213 pulchellum, Radd 213 pumilum, Sw 213 rachirhizon, Radd 216 radiatum, Sw 219 radicans, Prit 212 radicans, Sw 216 reclinatum, Moore and Houlst 212 refractum, Moore 215 rhizophorum, Linn 216 rhizophnllum, Linn 226 Eichardi, Hook, frl 215 rutaefolium, Presl 214 Euta-muraria, Linn 218 salicifolium, Linn 212 scandens, Hort 214 Scolopendrium, Linn 224 Seelosii, Leibold 218 septentrionale, Hoffm 218 Serra, Lang, et Fisch 217 serratum, Linn 209 setulosum, Hort 220 Shepherdi, Hort 222 sinuatum, Beauv 210, 320 squamulatum, Hook 210 stipitatum, J. 8m 210 striatum, Linn 222 strigillosum, Lowe 220 subalatum, Hook, et Arn. 212 subsinuatum, Hook, et Grev 209 tenellum, Roxb 212 tenerum, Forst 290 thelypteroides, Michx 223 Thwaiteaii, A. Br 223 . Trichomanes, Linn 211 unibrosum, J. 8m 220 Veitchianum, Moore ..., 214 Huds 215 viviparum, Presl 215 Zamicefolium, Lodd 219 Zeylanicum,Hook 222 Athyrium. australe, Presl . ; 221 Ceylonense. Moore 220 concliatum, Fee 222 Filix-fcemina, Eoth 219 "" foliolosum, Moore 220 oxyphy Hum, Moore 220 Athyrium — tenuifrons, Moore page 220 Balantium, Kaulf. 237 antarcticum, Presl 239 arborescens, Hook 239 auricomum, Kaulf. 239 Cnlcita, Kaulf. 238 Sellowiana, Presl 239 Bathmium. Billardieri, Fee 145 ebeneum, Fee 144 macrophyllum, Link 145 repandum, Fee 145 trifoliatum, Link 145 Blechnum, Linn 196 angustifolium, Willd. 198 attenuatum, Metten 201 australe, Linn 202 • boreale, Sw 201 Boryana, Schlecht 202 Brasiliense, Desv 198 callophylum, Lang. et Fisch 198 carnpylotis, J. 8m 198 Capense, Schlecht 202 cartilagineum, Sw 198 cognatum, Presl 197 conjugatum, Klot 197 Corcovadense, Eadd 198 fraxineiim, Willd 198 glandulosum, Kunze 197 ; glandulosum, Link 197 gracile, Kaulf. 198 hastatum, Kaulf. 198 intermedium , Link 198 Japonicum, Linn 205^ laevigatum, Gav 198 lanceola, Sw 1983 lanceolatum, Eadd 196 j latifolium, Presl 198 latifolium, Moritz 198 longifolium, H. B. K. 198 occidentale, Linn 197 onocleoides, Sw 201 orientale, Linn 198 \ polypodieides, Radd 196 procerum, Labill 202 punctulatum, Sw 202 - radicans, Linn 205 scandens, Bory 209 j INDEX. 389 Bleclmnm — serrulatum, Rich page 198 Spicant, Sw 201 stagninum, Kadd 198 stramineum, Labill 198 striatura, R. Br 198 triangulare, Link 197 tricwgulatum, J. Sm 197 trifoliatum, Kaulf. 196 Virginicum, Linn 205 volubile, Kaulf. 205 Botrychium, Sw 273 dissectum, Spreng 274 Lunaria, Sw 274 lunarioides, Sw 274 lunarioides, Schk 274 olliquum, Muhl 274 rutaceum, Sw 274 simplex, Hitch 274 Viryinianum, Sw 274 Virginicum, Willd 274 Botryogramma. KarwinsUi, Fee 128 Botrypus. lunarioides, Michx 274 Bowringia. insignia, Rock 204 Brainea, J. Sm 203 insignia, J. Sm 204 Cosnopteris. appendiculata, Labill 215 Fabiana, Bory 215 flaccida, Thunb 214 myriophylla, Sw 216 Novw-Zelamdias, Spreng. ... 214 Odontites, Thunb 214 vivipara, Sw 215 Callipteris, Bory 227 ' esculenta, J. Sm 227 Malabarica, J. Sm 227 prolifera, Bory 227 Serampurense, Fee 227 sylvatica, Bory 223 Campteria. biaurita, Hook 194 Camptosorus. rhizophyllus, Link 226 Campy loneurum, Presl IOC angustifolium, Fee 101 ang usti folium, Moore 101 ampyloneurum — brevifolium, Link page 102 ccespitosum, Link 101 decurrens, Presl 102 ensifolium, J. Sm 101 fasciale, Presl 101 latum, Moore 102 lucidum, Moore 101 nitidmn, Presl 102 Phyllitidis, Presl 102 repens, Presl 101 rigidnm, J. Sm 101 Cardiochlcena. macrophylla, Fee 145 Cassebeera. farinosa, J. Sm 176 Ceratodactylis. Osmundioides, J. Sm 128 Ceratopteris, Brongn. ... 133,322 Parkeri, J. Sm 134 thalictroides, Brongn. ...134, 326 Ceterach, \Villd 228 aspidioides, Willd 124 officinarum, Willd 229 polypodioides, Radd 124 Cbeilanthes, Sw 174,321 Alabamensis, Kunze 176 amaurorachis, Kunze 171 arborescens, Sw 171 argentea, Kunze 176 Borsigiana, Reichenb 173 brachypus, Kunze 172 •Brasiliensis, Eadd 176 Capensis, Sw. •• 176 cuneata, Link 180 dealbata,~Don 176 elegans, Desv 174 Ellisiana, Hort 174 farinosa, Kaulf. 176 fragrans, Sw 175 frigida, Linden 174 glauca, Metten 180 hirta, Sw. 174 inframarginalis, Hook 180 lendigera, Lowe 174 lendigera, Sw 174 M ader ensis, Lowe 175 micromeria, Link 176 microphylla, -Sw 176 micropteris, Sw 175 multifida, Sw 176 390 PERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Cheilanthes— myriophylla, Desv. . . . page 174 odora, Sw 175 pedata, A. Br 177 Preissiana, Kunze 176 projusa, Kunze 180 pteroides, Sw 176 pulveracea, Presl 176 radiata, J. 8m 177 rufescens, Link 180 Sieberi, Kun^e 176 spectabilis, Kaulf. 176 spinulosa, Link 193 suaveolens, Sw 175 tenuifolia, Sw 176 tennis, Hort 174 tomentosa, Link 174 vestita, Sw 174 viscosa, Link 175 Chnoophora. glauca, Blume 245 Chrysodium. aureum, Fee 120 Chrystopteris. dictyocallis, Fee 84 longipes, Link 94 peltidea, Link 94 terminalis,' Link 94 Cibotium, Kaulf. 239 Barometz, J. Sm 240, 332 Billardieri, Kaulf. 239 Cummingii, Kunze 240 glaucescens, Kunze 240 Menziesii, Hook 240 princeps, J. Sm 291 princeps, Linden 291 regale, Linden 291 Schied ei, Schlecht 240 Cincinalis, Desv 178 flavens, Desv 178 Hookeri, J. Sm 178 nivea, Desv 178 pulchella, J. Sm 178 tenera, Fee 178 Cionodium. Moorei, Moore 148 Cnemidaria. horrida, Presl 243 speciosa, Presl. 243 Colysis, Presl 97 hemionitidea, Presl 98 Colysis — membranacea, /. Sm. page 98 Spectra, J. Sm 98 Coniogramma, Fee 127 Javanica, Fee 127 Craspedaria. rupestris, Link 100 Cryptogramma, R. Br 177 crispa, R. Br 177 Culcita. macrocarpa, Presl 238 Cuspidaria. furcata, Fee 91 Cyathea, Sm 241 aculeata, Willd 242 arborea, 8m 241,331 arborea, Hook 242 Beyrichiana, Presl 244 canaliculata, Willd 242 capensis, Sm 244 Cunninghamii, Hook 242 dealbata, Sw. 242, 331 dentata, Sm 160 Dregei, Kimze 242 elegans, Hew 241 excelsa, Sw 242 fragilis, Sm 160 grandifolia, Willd 243 Grevilleana, Mart 241 Hookeri, Thw 242 horrida, Sm 243 incisa, Sm 161 integra, J. Sm 242 Manniana, Hook 242 medullaris, Sw 242, 331 muricata, Willd 242 nigrescens, /. Sm 242 princeps, J. Sm 291 serra, Willd 242 sinuata, Hook, et Grev. ... 241 Smithii, Hook 242 speciosa, Humb 243 villosa, H. B. K 245 Cy clodium, Presl 141 confertum, Presl. , 141 Cyclopeltis, J. Sm 165 semicordaia, J. Sm 165 Cyclophorus. ' Lingua. Desv 100 Cyrtomium, Presl 141 caryotideum, Presl 143 INDEX. 391 Cyrtomium — falcatum, Presl page 142 Fortune!, J. 8m 286 juglandifolium, Moore 143 Cystea, regia, Sm 161 Cystopteris, BernU 159 alpina, Desv 161 atomaria, Presl 160 bulbifera, B&mli 160 dentata, Hook 160 Dickieana, Sim 160 fragilis, Bernli 160 montana, Bernh 161 regia, Presl 161 tenuis, Schott 160 Dansea, 8m 269,333 alata, 8m 269 nodosa, 8m 269 Darea. Belangeri, Boiy 214 bifida, Kaulf. 214 cicutaria, Sm 216 incequalis, Willd 214 rutcefolia, Sm 214 Davallia, Sm 75 aculeata, Sm 232 affinis, Hook 77 lidentata, Schk 76 bullata, Wall 76 Canariensis, 8m 76 chcerophylla, Wall 77 ciliata, Hook 77 Cumingii, Hook 75 decora, Moore 76 dissecta, J. 8m. , 76 divaricata, Blume 76 elata, Sw 76 elegans, 8w 76 flaccida, B,. Br 233 heterophylla, Hook, et Grev. 75 hispida, Hew 233 immersa, Wall 77 Khasyana, Hook 233 Kunzeana, Hort 76 Lindleyi, Hook 76 Lonchitidea, Wall 233 majuscula, Lowe 233 nitidula, Kunze '76 Novce-Zelandice, Colenso ... 233 Davallia — ornata, Wall page 76, 318 parvula, Wall 77 pedata, Sm 75 pentaphylla, Blume 76 platyphylla, Don 233 polyantha, Hook 76 polypodioides, Don 233 pulchra, Don 77 pyxidata, Cav 76, 318 rhomboidea, Wall 233 saccoloma, Spreng 235 scabra, Don 233 solida, Sw 76 solida, Hook 76 strigosa, Sw 232 tenuifolia, Sw 232 trichosticha, Hook. 233 triphylla, Hook 76 villosa, Wall 233 Vogelii, Hook 76 Dennstcedtia. adiantoides, Moore 236 anthriscifolia, Moore 237 cicutaria, Moore 237 davallioides, Moore 237 dissecta, Moore 237 Mnluccana, Moore 237 nitidula, Moore 237 Pavoni, Moore 237 punctilobula, Moore 236 rubiginosa, Moore 237 tenera, Moore 237 Deparia, Hook, et Grer 235 Macrcei, Hook, et Grev 236 Moorei, Hook 148 prolifera, Hook, et Grev. ... 236 Dicksonia, L'Herit 238, 332 adiantoides, Hiimb 236 antarctica, Ldbill 239, 330 anthriscifolia, Kaulf. 237 arborescens, L'Herit.... 239, 331 auricoma, Spreng 239 cicutaria, S w 237 Culcita, L'Herit 238 davallioides, B,. Br 237 dissecta, Sw 237 integra,Bw 239 lanata, Colenso 239 Moluccana, Blume 237 nitidula, Kunze 237 392 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Dioksom'a — Pavoni, Hook page 237 pilosiuscula, Willd 236 prolifera, Kaulf. 236 pubescens, Schk 236 punctiloba, Hook 236 rubiginosa, Kaulf. 237 Sellowiana, Hook 239 squarrosa, Sw 239, 331 Youngii, Moore 291 Diclisodon. deparioides, Moore 159 Dicranoglossum, J. Sm 91 furcatum, J. Sm 91 Dictymia, J. Sm 88 attenuata, J. Sm 89 Dictyoglossum. crinitum, J. Sm 108 Dictyogramma, F4e 128 japonica, Fe"e 128 Dictyopreris, Presl 135 attenuata, Presl 89 Cameroonianum, J. Sm. ... 285 irregularis, Presl 135 macrodonta, Presl 285 varians, Moore 285 Dictyoxiphium, Hook 133 Panamense, Hook 133 Didymochlaena, Desv 165 lunulata, • Desv 166 sinuosa, Desv 166 truncatula, J. Sm 166 D-igrammaria. ambigua, Presl 227 esculenta, Fee 227 Diplazium, 8w 221 aewmnatum, Presl 223 acuminatum, Kadd 221 alternifolium, Blume 222 ambiguum, J. Sm 222 arborescens, J. Sm 223 brevisorum, J. Sm 222 coarctatum, Link 222 conchatum, J. Sm 222 costale, Presl 223 decussatum, J. Sm 223 dilatatum, Blume 223 diversifolium, Wall 222 esculentum, Sw 227 expansum, Willd 222 fabcefolium, J. Sin 223 Diplazium — Franconis, Lieb page 223 giganteum, Hort. Lind 228 grandifolium, Sw 222 integrifolium, J. Sm 222 jug landifolium, S w 222 Klotzschii, Moore 222 lanceum, Presl 209 lasiopteris, Kimze 223 Malabaricum, Spreng 227 marginatum, Hort 222 plantagineum, Sw 221 poly podioides, Blume 222 proliferum,, Kaulf. 227 pubescens, Link 227 pulcherrimum, Radd 166 S&rampurense, Spreng 227 Shepherd!, Link 222 Shepherdi, Presl 222 striatum, Presl 222 subalatum, Hew 222 sylvaticum, Sw 223 thelypteroides, Presl 223 Thwaitesii, A. Br 223 Zeylanicum, Moore 222 Discostegia. alata, Presl 266 Disphenia. aculeata, Presl 242 arborea, Presl 241 Grevilleana, Kunze 241 Doodia, R. Br 199 aspera, -R. Br 199 blechnoides, A. Cunn 199 caudata, Hort 199 caudata, R. Br 199 dives, Kunze 199 linearis, J. Sm 199 lunulata, E. Br 199 maxima, Lowe 199 rupestris, Kaulf. 199 Doryopteris, J. Sm 194 collina, J. Sm 195 palmata, J. Sm 195 pedata, J. Sm 195 sagittifolia, J". Sm 195 Drymoglossuna2 Presl 89 lanceolatum, /. Sm 80 piloselloides, Presl 89 Drynaria, Bonj 102, 315 coronans, J. Sm 103 INDEX. 393 Drynaria — diversifolia, /. 8m page 103 Fortunei, Moore 87 glauca, J. Sm 94 Heraclea, /. Sm 103 Hillii, Hort 103 melanococca, Moore and Houlst 94 morbillosa, J. Sm 103 musaefolia, J. 8m 103 pinnata, Fee 103 propinqua, J. 8m 103 quercifolia, Bory 103 revoluta, J. Sm 88 rubida, J. Sm 94 Dryomenis, Fee 134 plantaginea, J. 8m 135 Egenolfia, Schott Ill appendiculata, J. Sm Ill Hamiltoniana, Schott Ill Elaphoglossum, Schott. ...104, 317 apodum, Schott 106 Blumeanum, J. Sm 106 hrachyneuron, J. Sm 106 callaefolium, J. Sm 105 conforme, Schott 105 crassinerve, J. Sm 105 cuspidatum, J. Sm 106 Fuuckii, Moore 105 Herminieri, /. 8m 105 latifolmm, J. Sm 105 longifoUum, J. Sm 107 microlepis, J. Sm 105 nmscosum, J. Sm 106 piloselloides, J. Sm 105 rubiginosum, J. Sm 106 scolopendrifolium, J. Sm. ... 106 Sieberi, J. Sm 105 squamosum, /. 8m 106 stigmatolepis, J. Sm 105 undulatum, J. Sm 106 vestitum, Lowe 106 Ellobocarpus. oleraceus, Kaulf. 134 Eupodium, J. 8m 267 Kaulfussii, J. 8m 267 Fadyenia, Hook 143 Fadyenia — prolifera, Hook page 143 Feea, Bory 255 nana, Bory 256 polypodina, Bory 256 spicata, Presl 256 Gleichenia, R. Br 247, 326 alpina, R. Br. . . cry ptocarpa, Hook 249 Cunningham!, Hew 249 dicarpa, R. Br 248 dichotoma, Hook 249 flabellata, R. Br... 248 furcata, Spreng 249 hecistophylla, A. Cunn. . . . 248 Hermanni, R. Br 249 Hermanni, Hook. 242 immersa, Spreng 249 microphylla, R. Br 248 pectinata, Presl 249 pubescens, Kunth 249 rupestris, R. Br 248 semivestita, Labill 248 speluncse, E. Br 248 Goniophlebium, Presl 80, 315 albo-punctatum, J. Sm 81 appendiculatum, Moore 81 argutum, J. Sm 82 Catharinae, J. Sm 81 chnoodes, Fee 81 ciliatum, J. Sm 85 colpodes, J. Sm 81 cuspidatum, Presl 82 dissimile, J. Sm 81 distans, J. Sm 81 fraxinifolium, J. Sm 81 glaucum, /. Sm 81 harpeodes, J. Sm 81 inaequale, J. Sm 82 Isetum, /. Sm 81 latipes, Moore and Houlst. 81 loriceum, /. Sm 81 menisciifolium, J. Sm 81 neriitblium, J. Sm 82 Owariense, Lodd 86 piloselloides, J. Sm 84 plectolepis, Fee 81 Pleopeltis, Fee 82 rhagadiolepis, Fee 80 serpens, Moore 85 394 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Goniophl ebium — subauriculatum, Presl ...page 82 vacillans, J. Sm 81 vacciniifolium, J. Sm 85 verrucosum, J. Sm 83 Goniopteris, Presl 137 asplenoides, Presl 138 crenata, Presl 138 Fosterii, Moore 138 fraxinifolia, Presl 138 Gheisbeghtii, J. Sm 138 gracilis, Moore 137 megalodus, Presl 138 pennigera, J. 8m 138 prolifera, Presl 138 refracta, J. Sm 140 reptans, Presl 137 scolopendrioides, Presl 137 serrulata, /. Sm 138 subpinnata, Hort 137 tetragona, Presl 138 vivipara, X Sm 138 Grammitis, Sw 122 aurita, Moore 170 Australia, R. Br 122 Billardierii, Willd 122 caudiformis, Hook 97 Ceterach, Sw 229 decurrens, Wall. .-. 97 elongata, Sw 87 Hewardii, Moore 124 Hispanica, Coss 126 lanceolata, Schkr 87 leptophylla, Sw ; 126 Lirikiana, Presl 124 longifolia, Blume 88 marginella, Sw 122 rutcefolia, R. Br 126 serrulata, Sw 123 totta, Presl 124 Gymnogramma, Desv 125, 322 aspidioides, Kaulf. 124 asplenioides, Sw 124 o/writa, Hook 170 Calomelanos, Kaulf. 125 caudiformis, Hook 97 chaarophylla, Desv 126 chrysophylla, Kaulf. 126 decurrens, Hook 97 ferruginea, Kunze 126 flavens, Kaulf. 178 Gymnogramma — flexuosa, Desv page2Mt 322 gracilis, Hew 124 Japonica, Hook 128 Javanica, Blume 127 lanata, Klot 126 leptophylla, Desv 126 L'Herminieri, Bory 126 Lirikiana, Kunze 124 Lowei, Hook, et Grev 124 Martensii, Bory 126 ochracea, Presl 126 Pearcii, Moore 126 pedata, Kaulf. 129 Peruviana, Desv 126 polypodioides, Spreng 124 pulchella, Linden 126 Raddiana, Link 124 retrofracta, Hook, et Grev. 284 rufa, Desv 125 rupestris, Kunze 124 rutsefolia, Hook, et Grev. ... 126 subglandulosa, Hook. et Grev 126 sulphurea, Desv 126 Tartarea, Desv 125 tomentosa, Desv 125 totta, Schlecht 124 trifoliata, Desv 125 villosa, Link 125 Gy mnopteris, Bernli 118 acuminata, Presl 118 aliena, Presl 118 axillaris, Presl 93 decurrens, J. Sm 93 Gaboonense, J. Sm 118 nicotiansefolia, Presl ] 18 spicata, Presl 92 quercifolia, Bernh 118 Gymnotlieca. cicutcefo lia, Presl 266 lasoa, Presl 266 Verscliaffeltiana, De Vriese 267 Haplopteris, Presl 131 lineata, /. Sm~ 132 scolopendrina, Presl 132 Hemicardium. Nephrolepis, Fee 165 Hemidictyum, Presl 228 INDEX. 395 Hemidictyum — marginatum, Presl page 228 Helminthostachy s, Kaulf. 272 dulcis, Kaulf. 273 Zeylanica, Hook 273 Hemionitis, Linn 128 Cay ennensis, Desv 130 citrifolia, Hook 109 cordifolia, Roxb 129 discolor, Schk 101 esculenta, Ketz 227 Japonica, Thunb 128 lanceolata, Linn , 130 palmata, Linn 129 pedata, Sw 129 plantaginea, Don 98 pothifolia, Desv 97 reticulata, Forst 130 rufa, Sw 125 sagittata, Fee 129 tomentosa, Radd 125 Hemitelia, R. Br 242 capensis, R. Br 244 grandifolia, Spreng 243 Guianensis, Hook 244 horrida, R. Br 243, 331 Hostmanni, Hook 244 Imrayana, Hook 243 integrifolia, Klot 243 Karsteniana, Klot 243 obtusa, Kaulf. 243 speciosa, Kaulf. 243 speciosa, Mart 243 Surinamensis, Miquel 244 Heteroneuron. punctulatum, Fee 117 proliferum, Fee 117 Humata, Cav 75 affinis, Metten 77 chcerophylla, Metten 77 Cunringii, /. 8m 75 heterophylla, /. 8m 75 immersa, Metten 77 ophioglossa, Cav 75 pedata, J. 8m 75 pinnatifida, Cav 75 Hydroglossum. heterodoxum, Moore 259 polycarpum, Willd 259 Hymenodium, F6e 107 crinitum, Fee 108 Hymenolepis, Kaulf. page 91 brachystachys, J. 8m 92 op hioglossoides, Kaulf. 92 revoluta, Blume 92 spicata, Hook 92 spicata, Presl 92 Hymenophyllum, 8m 249, 324 abruptum, Hook 250 seruginosum, Carm 252 alatum, Schk 253 alatum, Sm 253 asplenioidea, Sw 249 caudiculatum, Mart 251 Chiloense, Hook 251 ciliatum, Sw 251 crispatum, Wall 250 cupressiforme, Labill 251 demissum, Sw 250 dichotomum, Cav 251 dilatum, 8w 251 elegans, Spreng 252 flabellatum, Labill 250 flexuosum, A. Cunn 251 fuciforme, Sw 251 fucoides, Sw 251 hirsutum, Sw 251 hirtellum, Sw 251 lineare, Sw 252 multifidum, 8w 251 nitens, Hook, et Grev 250 polyanthus, Sw 250 pulcherrimum, Colenso 251 ranim, R. Br 250 scabrum, A. Rich 250 semibivalve, Hook, et Grev. 250 sericeum, Sw 252 tirifidum, Hook, et Grev. ... 252 Tunbridgense, Sm 251 unilateral, Willd 251 valvatum, Hook, et Grev. ... 251 Wilsoni, Hook 251 Hymenostachys, Bory 256 elegans, Presl 257 Hypochlamys. pectinata, Fee 222 Hypoderris, R. Br 147 Brownii, J. Sm 147 Hypolepis, Bernh 171 amaurorachis, Hook 171 capensis, Hook 176 distans, Hook 171 396 FERNS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Hypolepis — pedata, Hook page 177 repene, Presl 171 radiata, Hook 177 spectoMUs, Link 176 tenuifolia, Bernh 171 Isoetis, Linn 282 lacustris, Linn 283 Isoloma, J. Sm 288 lanuginosa, J. Sm 288 Kaulfussia, Blume 270, 333 sesculifolia, Blume 270 Lastrea, Presl 152 acuminata, Moore and Houlst 159 semula, J. 8m 158 affinis, Moore 156 atrovirens, J. Sm 159 augescens, J. 8m 153 cana, J. Sm 155 Caripense, J. Sm 155 chrysoloba, Presl 155 collina, Newmn 158 concava, Newmn 158 concinna, J. Sm 154 contermina, Presl 154 crinita, Moore 155 cristata, Presl 158 cristata, Moore 158 decomposita, J. Sm 153 decurrens, J. Sm 154 decursivo-pinnata, J. Sm.... 154 deltoidea, Moore 155 deparioides, J. Sm 159 — ^. dilatata, Presl 157 eburnea, Hort. Kew 220 elegans, Moore 154 elongata, Presl 157 erythrosora, J. Sm 157 faloiculata, Presl 155 falx, Moore 151 Filix-mas, Presl 156 Fcenisecii, Watson 153 funesta, Moore 154 glabella, J. Sm 159 Goldiana, Presl 157 Lastrea — hirta, Presl pcge 159 hirtipes, /. 8m, 156 hispida, Moore and Houlst. 159 immersa, J. Sm 154 intermedia, Presl 158 invisa, Presl 153 Kaulfussii, Presl :...'. 155 lacera, J. Sm 156 latifrons, J. Sm 287 marginalia, Presl 157 membranifolia, Presl 287 Mexicana, Leib 157 montana, Moore 154 Napoleonis, J. Sm 157 Noveboracensis, Presl 153 opaca, Hook 157 Oreopteris, Presl 154 palustris, J. Sm 153 patens, Presl 154 pilpsissima, /. Sm 154 podophylla, J. Sms. 155 Pseudo-mas, Wollast 156 pubescens, Presl 153 quinquangularis, J. Sm. ... 153 recedens, J. Sm 154 recurva, Newmn 1 58 remota, Moore 156 rigida, Presl 156 sancta, J. Sm 159 semicordata, Presl 165 Shepherd!, J. Sm 159 eimilis, J. Sm 155 sparsa, Moore 287 spectabilis, J". Sm 287 gpiimlosa, Presl 158 Sprengelii, J. Sm 155 Standishii, Hort 287 strigosa, Presl 155 subquinquifidum, /. Sm. .... 154 Thelypteris, Presl 153 uliginosa, Newmn 158 varia, Moore 157 velutina, J. Sm 153 verrucosa, J. Sm 154 vestita, J. Sm 155 villosa, Presl- 157, 330 Lepicystis, J. Sm 79 incana, J. Sm 80 rhagadiolepis, J. Sm 80 sepulta, J. Sm 80 INDEX. 397 Lepicystis — squamata, J. Sm 80 Lepidoneuron. hirsutulum, Fee 164 Leptochilus, Kaulf. 92 axillaris, Kaulf. 93 decurrens, Blume 93 Leptogramma, /. Sm 123 asplenioides, J. Sm 124 attenuata, J. Sm 124 aurita, Hort 170 gracile, J. 8m 124 Linkiana, J. Sm 124 polypodioides, J. Sm 124 rupestris, J. Sm 124 totta, J. Sm 124 villosa, J. Sm 124 Leptopteris. Fraseri, Presl 265 Tiymenophylloides, Presl ... 265 superba, Hook ._. 265 Leucostegia, Presl .V 77 affinis, J. Sm 77 Borneensis, J. Sm 77 chaarophylla, /. Sm 77 hirsuta, J. Sm 77 immersa, Presl 77 parvula, J. Sm 77 pulchra, /. Sm 77 Lindssea, Dry 230, 322 crenata, Klot 230 cultrata, Sw 230 dubia, Spr 230 elegans, Hook 230 ensifolia, Sw 231 falcata, Dry 230 Guianensis, Dry 230 Javitensis, H. B. K ,.230 lanceolata, Labill 231 lanuginosa, Wall 288 Leprieuri, Hook 230 linearis, Sw 231 Lowei, Hort 163 microphylla, Sw 231 obtusa, J.Sm 231 Panamensis, Metten 133 reniformis, Dry 230 sagittata, Dry 230 stricta, Dry 230 trapeziformis, Dry 230 trichomancides, Dry 231 Litobrochia, Presl page 192 areolata, Moore 290 aurita,/. Sm 194 biaurita, J. Sm 194 comans, Presl 193 denticulata, Presl 193 elata,*Vfe 193 grandifolia, J. Sm 193 Kunzeana, J. Sm 193 leptophylla, F4e 193 macilenta, J. Sm 193 macroptera, J. Sm 193 Orizabse, J. Sm 193 podophylla, Presl 194, 330 polita, /. 8m 193 sagittifolia, Gard. Chron. ... 195 spinulifera, J. Sm 193 tripartita, J. Sm. 193 vespertilionis, Presl 194 Llavea,Lag 127 cordifolia, Lag 128 Lomaria, Willd 199 alpina, Spreng 201 antarctica, Carm 201 attenuata, Willd 201 Australis, Link 202 Austfralis, Lowe 202 Banksii, Hook, fil 201 blechnoides, Bory 201 Boryana, Willd 202 campylotis, Kunze 198 Chilensis, Kaulf. 202 cinnamonea, Kaulf. 202 Colensoi, Hook, fil 201 crewulata, Hort 290 cycadifolia, Colla 202 decomposita, D. Don 188 densa, Kaulf. 202 discolor, Willd 201 elongata, Blume 201 filiformis, A. Cunn 114, 208 fluviatilis, Spreng 201 Fraseri, A. Cunn 202 fraxinea, Willd 284 Germainii, Hook 290 gibba, Labill 201 gigantea, Kaulf. 202 Gilliesii, Hook, et Grev 202 hastata, Kunze 198 lanceolata, Spreng 200 L'Hermitiieri, Bory 201 398 FEKNS : BEITISH AND FOEEIGN. Lomaria — longifolia, Kaulf. page 114 Magellanica, Desv 202 minor, Spreng 202 Meyeriana, Kunze 208 nigra, Col 201 nuda, Willd 201 obtusifolia, Presl 202 onocleoides, Spreng 201 Patersoni, Spreng 200 procera, Spreng 202 propinqua, A. Cunn. ... 114, 208 pumila, Kaulf. 202 punctulata, Kunze 202 rigida, J. 8m 290 robusta, Carm 202 rotundifolia, Raoul 201 scandens, Willd 208 Spicant, Desv 201 spicata, Willd 92 striata, Willd 202 tenuifolia, Desv 208 tuberculata, J. Sin 202 vulcanica, Blume 201 zamioides, Gardn 202 Lomariopsis, Fee 113, 315 fraxinea, /. 8m 284 heteromorpha, J. Sm 114 longifolia, J. Sm 114 sorbifolia, Fee 114 Lomariobotrys. Heyeriana, Fee 208 Lcmchitis, Linn 195 Gheisbeghtii, Linden 191 Lindeniana, Hook 196 pedata, Linn 194 pubescens, Willd 196 repens, Linn 171 tenuifolia, Forst 171 Lophidium. elegans, Presl 262 Lopbolepis, J. 8m 84 albida, J. Sm 85 ciliata, J. Sm 85 piloselloides, J. Sm 84 vaccinifolia, J. Sm 85 Lophosoria, Presl 246 affinis, Presl 247 pruinata, Presl 247 Lorinseria, Presl 206 areolata, Presl 207 Lotzea. diplazioides, Klot. et Karst. page 222 Loxsoma, R. Br 234 Cunninghami, R. Br 234 Lycopodium, Linn 275, 329 alpinum, Linn .... 276 annotinum, Linn 276 atroviride, Wall 279 Brasiliense, Hort 279 Brasiliense, Eadd 278 caulescens, Wall 279 cermmrn, Linn 277 ciliatum, Willd 279 clavatum, Linn 276 complanatum, Linn 277 convolutum, Walk, efc Arn.. . . 280 dendroideum, Michx 277 densum, Labill 276 denticulatum, Linn 278 erythropus, Mart 279 fastigiatum, R. Br 277 flabellatum, Linn 279 Helveticum, Linn 278 Hookeri, Wall 277 inasqualifolium, Hook, et Grev 279 inundatum, Linn 276 involvens, Sw 280 Icevigatum, Willd 279 lepidophyllum, Hook. et Grev 280 Lyalli, Hook, et Grev 280 paradoxa, Hort 280 Phlegmaria, Linn 277 pubescens, Wall 280 selaginoides, Linn 278 Selago, Linn 276 serpens, Desv 278 stoloniferum, Mart, et Gal.... 279 sulcatum, Desv 279 taxifolium, Siv 277 ulicifolium, Vent 277 verti ciliatum, Linn 277 Willdenovii, Desv 279 Lygodictyon, /. 8m 258, 325 heterodoxumr J. Sm 259 Forsteri, J. Sm 259 Lygodium, 8w 257, 325 articulatum, A. Rich 258 circinnatum, Sw 258 INDEX. 399 Lygodium — dichotomum, Sw page 258 flexuosum, Sw 258 heterodoxum, Kunze 259 Japonicum, Sw 258 Lindeni, Hort 259 microphyllum, R. Br 258 palmatum, Sw 257 polystachyum, Wall 258 reticulatum, Schk 259 scandens, 'Sw 258 Marattia, 8m 266, 333 alata, 8m 266 Ascensionis, J. Sm. 266 cicutgefolia, Kaulf. 266 elegans, Endl 266 fraxinea, Sm 266 Kaulfussii, 3. Sm 267 Icevis, Kaulf. 267 Lauchiana, Hort 266 laxa, Kunze 266 macrophylla, Hort 266 purpurascens, De Vriese ... 267 Verschaffeltana, J. Sm 267 Marginaria. any ustif olio. , Presl 101 ensifolia, Presl 101 piloselloides, Presl 85 verrucosa, Hook 83 Marsilea, Linn 280 macropus, Linn 281 quadrifolia, Linn 281 Meniscium, Schreb 136 angustifoliura, Willd 285 dentatum, Presl 137 giganteum, Metten 136 palustre, Radd 136 proliferum, Sw 138 pubescens, Linn 138 reticulatum, Sw 137 simplex, Hook 136 triphyllum, Sw 136 Mertensicu. dichotoma, Willd 249 flabellata, J. Sm 248 glaucescens, Willd 249 pubescens, EL B. K 249 Mesochlaena, R. Br 140 Javanica, R. Br 141 Metaxya. rosbrata, Presl page 168 Microbrachys. apiifolia, Presl 145. Microlepia, Presl 233 cristata, J". Sm 233 hirsuta, Moore 77 Novge-Zelandise, J. 8m 233 platyphylla, J. Sm 233 polypodioides, Presl 233 scabra, J. Sm 233 strigosa, Moore 233 trichosticha, J. Sm 233 Microsorum, Link 98 irregulare, Link 98 irioides, Fee 98 sessile, Fee 98 Microstaphyla, Presl 110 bifurcata, Presl 110 Microstegia. ambigua, Presl 227 esculenta, Presl 227 Mohria, 8w 261 achillcefolia 261 thurifraga, Sw 261 Mongonia. palustris, Presl 191 Myriopteris, F4e 173, 321 elegans, J. Sm 174 frigida, J. Sm 174 hirta, J. Sm 174 lendigera, Fee 174 marsupianthus, Fee 174 myriophylla, /. 8m 174 tomentosa, F&e 174 vestita, J. Sm 174 Neottopteris, J. Sm 225 Australasica, /. 8m. ...226, 320 Nidus, J. 8m 226 phyllitidis, J. Sm 226 stipitota, J. Sm 210 Nephrodium. Schott 138 abortivum, J. Sm 140 affine, Lowe 156 albo-punctatum, Desv 163 articulatum, Moore 139 asplenioides, Michx 220 bisseratum, Presl 165 Borneense, Hook 77 cristatum, Michx 158 400 FERNS I BEITISH AND FOREIGN. Nephrodium — cyatheoides, Kaulf. ...page 285 decompositum, E. Br 153 deltoideum, Desv 155 deparioides, Hook 159 edule, D. Don 164 erythrosorum, Eat 157 exaltatum, E. Br 164 Filix-fcemina, Michx 220 FiUx-mas, Hook. Filix-mas, Michx Fcenisecii, Lowe glabellum, A. Cunn Goldianum, Hook, et Grev. granulosum, J. Sm hirtipes, Hook. 156 156 158 159 157 139 156 Hookeri, J. 8m 139 Javanica, Hook 141 Icete-virens, Lowe 151 latifrons, Hook 287 Leuzeanum, Hook 146 membranifolium, Presl 287 Mexicanum, Presl 157 molle, R. Br 140 multilineatum, Moore and Houlst 139 oUiteratum, E. Br 163 Oreopteris, Hook 1 54 Ottonianum, Kunze 153 patens,/. Sm 140 pteroides, J. Sm 139 pubescens, Hook. 153 pubescens, D. Don 155 punctilobum, Michx. refractum, J. Sm. . rigidum, Desv remotum, Hook sparsum, Don 236 140 156 156 287 spinulosum, Hook 157, 158 terminans, J. Sm 139 Thelyptcris, Desv 153 truncatum, J. Sm 140 unitura, R. Br 139 velutinum, Hook 153 venulosum, Hook 139 venustum, J. Sm 140 villosum, Hook 157 Nephrolepis, Schott 164 biserrata, Schott 165 davallioides, Moore 165 ensifolia, Presl 164 Nephrolepis — exaltata, Schott page 164 falciformis, J. 8m. 287 hirsutula, Presl 164 obliterates, Hook 163 pectinata, Schott 164 platyotis, Kunze 164 tuberosa, Presl 164 undulata, /. Sm 164 Neurocallis, Fee 119 praestantissima, Fee 119 Neuronia. Asplenioides, Don 74 Nevrodium, Fee 90 lanceolatum, Fde 90 Niphobolus, Kaulf. 99, 316 acrostichoides, Hort. Kew. . . . 100 adnascens, Ko,idf. 100 angustatus, Spreng 88 bicolor, Kaulf. 100 costatus, Presl 100 Gardner!, Kunze 100 Lingua, Spreng 100 macrocarpus, Hook 88 pertusus, Spreng 100 rupestris, Spreng 100 Sinensis, Hort 100 sphcerocephalus, Hook 88 Niphopsis, J. Sm 88 angustatus, J.Sm 88 Notholsena, R. Br 172, 321 brachypus, J. Sm 172 Canariense, J. Sm 173 chrysophylla, Hort 178 crassifolia, Moore & Houlst. 173 distans, R. Br 172 Eckloniana, Kunze 173 ferruginea, Hook 172 Hookeri, Lowe 178 incana, Presl 178 laevis, Mart, et Gal 173 lanuginosa, Desv 173 lendigera, J. Sm 174 Marantse, R. Br 173 mollie, Kunze 172 nivea, Desv 178 profusa, PresL 180 rufa, Presl ....'. 172 sinuata, Kaulf. 173 squamata, Hort 172 squa mosa, Lowe 172 INDEX, 401 Notholaena — sulphurea, J. Sin page 173 tenera, Gill 178 trichomanoides, R. Br 172 vestita, Desv 174 Ochropteris, J. Sm 186 pallens, J. Sm 187 Odontosoria, J. 8m 232 aculeata, J. 8m 232, 325 tenuifolia, J. Sm 232 Oleandra, Cav 74, 316 articulata, Presl 74 hirtella, Miq 74 neriiformis, Cav 74 nodosa, Presl 74 pilosa, Hook, et Bauer 74 Wallichii, Presl 74 Olfersia, Badd 114 cervina, Presl 115 corcovadensis, Radd 115 longifolia, Presl 107 Onoclea, Linn 206 attenuata, Sw 201 Boryana, Sw 202 Capensis, Linn 202 nuda, Labill 201 obiMsiloba, Schk 202 scandens, Linn 208 sensibilis, Linn 206 striata, Sw 202 Sfruthiopteris, Sw 167 Onychium, Kaulf. 187 auratum, Kaulf. 188 Capensis, Kaulf. 188 Japonicum, Kunze 188 lucidum, Hort. Kew 188 Ophioglossum, Linn 270 flexuosum, Linn 258 furcatum, J. Sm 272 Japonicum, Thunb 258 Lusitanicum, Linn. 270 palmatum, Linn 272 pedunculosum, Desv 270 pendulum, Linn 272, 320 pendulum, Presl 272 reticulaturn, Linn 272 scandens, Linn 258 scandens, Forst 259 vulgatum, Linn 272 vulyatum, Hook 271 2 Ophiopteris, verticillata, Reinw. ...page 74 Osmunda, Linn 263 adiantifolia, Linn 260 cinnamomea, Linn 264 Clay toniana, Linn 264 gracilis, Link 264 hirsuta, Linn 260 interrupta, Michx 264 Lunaria, Linn 274 Phyllitides, Linn 261 procera, Forst 202 regalis, Linn 264, 326 spectabilis, Willd 264 Spicant, Linn 201 thurifraga, Linn 261 tomentosa, Lam 259 Virginica, Linn 274 P achy pleura, pedata, Presl 75 Paragramma, Moore 87 longifolia, Moore 88 Parkeria. pteridioides, Hook 134 Pellsea, Link 179 atropurpurea, Link 180 Calomelanos, Link 180 consobrina, Hook 180 cordata, Fee 182 cordata, J. Sm 181 cuneata, J. Sm 180 falcata,Fee 182 flexuosa, Link 181, 325 geraniaefolia, Fee 180 glauca, /. Sm 180 hastata, Link 180 intramarginalis, J. Sm 180 paradoxa, Hook 182 profusa, J. Sm. 180 pulchella, Fee 178 rotundifolia, Hook 182 sagittata, Link 180 ternifolia, Link 180 Wrightiana, Hook 180 Phanerophlebia. juglandifolia, J. Sm 143 Phegopteris, Fee 168 alpestris, J. 8m 169 ampla, F4e 169 aspidioides, Metten 124 D 402 FERNS : BE1TISH AND FOREIGN. Phegopteris — aurita, J. 8m page 170 calcarea, Fee 170 concinna, Fee 154 decussata, J. Sm 169 divergens, Fee 170 drepana, J. Sm 170 Dryopteris, Fe'e 170 effusa, JVfe 170 flexilis, J. 8m 169 hastsefolia, J. Sm 169 hexagonoptera, Fee 170 lachnopoda, J. 8m 169 macroptera, Fee 169 mollicula, J. Sm 154 plumosa, J. 8m 289 polypodioides, Fee 171 Kobertiana, J. 8m 170 rufescens, Metten 170 rugulosa, Fe'e 171 rupestris, Metten 124 sancta, Fee 159 Sieberiana, F6e 169 spectabilis, Fe'e 169 submarginalis, J. Sm 155 trichodes, J. Sm 170 unidentata, J. 8m 170 vulgaris, Metten 171 Walkerae, Hook 169 Phlebodium, R. Br 83 areolatum, J. 8m 83 aureum, R. Br 83 dictyocallis, J. 8m 84 incequale, Moore 82 multiseriale, Moore 84 pulvinatum, J. 8m 84 sporodocarpmn, J. Sm, 83 venosum, Moore and Houlst. 86 Phorolobus. crispus, Desv 177 Phymatodes, Presl 93, 315 albo-sqnamata, J. 8m 94 Billardieri, J. Sm 93 coronans, Presl 103 cuspidata, J. Sm 94 excavata, J. Sm 87 glauca, /. 8m 94 incurvata, J. 8m 94 leiorhiza, Presl 94 lowtfoUa, J. Sm 88 longipes, J.8m 94 Phymatodes — longissima, J. 8m page 94 nigrescens, J. Sm 94 nuda, J. Sm 87 peltidea, J. 8m 94 propinqua, Presl 103 pustulata, Presl 93 quercifolia, Presl 103 saccata, J. Sm 94 splicer ocephalus, Presl 88 terminalis, J. Sm 94 vulgaris, Presl 94 Physematium. tnolle, Kunze 162 Pilularia, Linn 282 globulifera, Linn 282 Platycerium, Desv 120, 317 jEthiopicum, Hook 121 alcicorne, Gaud 121 biforme, Blume 121 grande, /. 8m 121 Stemaria, Desv 121 Wallichii, Hook 121 Platyloma, J. 8m 181 Brownii, J. 8m 182 Calomelanos, J. Sm 180 falcatum, J". 8m 182 flexuosum, J. Sm 181 geranicefolia, Lowe 180 hastatum, Lowe 180 intramarginal/is, Lowe 180 rotundifolium, J. 8m 182 ternifoUum, J. Sm 180 Pleocnemia, Presl 146 Leuzeana, Presl 146 Pleopeltis, Humb 86, 316 albo-squamo.ta, Presl 94 angustata, Presl 88 Billardieri, Moore 93 elongata, J. 8m 87 excavata, J. Sm 87 glauca, Moore 94 Helenas, Presl 87 incurvata, Moore 94 lanceolata, Presl 87 lepidota, Presl 87 leiorhiza, Moore 94 longissima, Moore 94 loriformis, Presl 87 lyropodioides, Presl 86 macrocarpa, Kaulf. 87 INDEX. 403 Pleopeltis — nitida, Moore page 86 nuda, Hook 87 nuda, Hook 87 percussa, Presl 86 phymatodes, Moore 94 pustulata, Moore 93 plantaginea, Moore 135 serpens, Presl 85 squamulosa, Presl 86 stigmatica, Presl 86 Pleuridium, Me 95, 315 albo-punctatissimum, J. 8m. 95 angustatum, J. 8m 96 crassifolium, F6e 95 crassinervum, /. 8m 95 juglandifolium, J. Sm 96 oxylobum, Presl 96 palmatum, J. 8m 96 rupestre, Fee 95 triquetrum, J. Sm 95 venustum, J. 8m 96 Pcecilopteris, Eschw 117 crispatula, J. Sm 117 flagellifera, J. Sm 117 prolifera, /. 8m 117 punctulata, Presl 117 Polybotrya, Humb. et Bonpl 112,315 acuminata, Link 113 apiifolia, J. Sm 112 aurita, Blume 116 caudata, Kunze 113 cylindrica, Kaul£ 112 incisa, Link 113 Osmundacea, H. B. K. 112 serratifolia, Klot 116 speciosa, Schott 112 vivipara, Hook Ill Polycampium. Lingua, Presl 100 Polypodium, Linn 78 acrostichoides, Forst 100 aculeatum, Linn 15C aculeatum, Eadd 244,245 adnascens, Sw 100 cemulum, Ait affine, Mart 78 albo-punctatum, Eadd 8" albo-punctatissimum^inden 95 albo-squamatum, Blume ... .page Polypodium — alpestre, Hoppe . alpinum, Jacq amplum, Humb amphostemum, Kunze angulatum, Willd angustatum, Blume angustatum, Sw ang ustifolium, S w. anomalum, Hook, et Arn.... appendiculatum, Lindea ... arboreum, Linn areolatum, Willd argutum, Wall aristaiwtn, Forst armatum, S w asperum, Linn asplenioides, Sw. attenuatum, E-. Br aureum, Linn avenium, Desv axillare, Ait Barometz, Lour. Billardieri, E. Br liserratum, Mart, et Gal ... blechnoides, Eich brevifolium, Link bulbiferum, Linn ccespitosum, Link calcareum, Sm Cambricum, Linn Cameroonianum, Hook Capense, Linn capitellatum, Wall. Caripense, H. et -B Catherince, Lang, et Fisch.. caudiforme, Blume cicutarium, Linn ciliatum, Willd colpothrix, Kunze colpodes, Kunze compositum, Link concinnum, Willd confluens, Wall contiguum, Wall coriaceum, Eadd coronans, Wall costatum, Wall crassifolium, Linn crassinermum, Blume crenatum, Hook 169 161 169 101 144 96 88 101 151 81 241 83 82 151 245 244 138 89 83 87 220 240 93 79 168 102 160 101 170 79 285 . 244 96 . 155 . 81 , 97 . 145 . 85 . 82 . 81 . 137 . 154 . 258 . 88 . 95 . 103 . 100 . 95 . 95 . 138 404 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Poly podium — crenatum, Sw page 138 crinitwm, Poir 155 cristalum, Linn 158 crystallinum, Kunze 159 euspidatum, Blume 82 cuspidatum, Presl 87 dealbatum, Forst 242 decurrens, Eadd 102 decursivo-pinnatum, Hook... 154 decussatwtn, Linn 169 deflexum, Lodd 81 dentatum, Dicks. . . 160 dichototnum, Thunb 249 dictyocallis, Lowe 84 dimorphum, Link 101 dissimile, Linn ' 8i distans, Eadd 81 divergens, Willd 70 diversifoUum, E. Br 103 diversifolium, Willd 93 drepanumt Lowe 170 Dryopteris, Linn 170 e/usum, Sw 170 elongatum, Ait 170 ensifoliwn, Willd. 101 evectum, Forst 268 exaltatum, Linn 164 excavatum, Bory 87 falcatum, Linn 142 fasciale, Humb 101 filipes, Moore 163 Filix-fcemina, Linn 219 Filix-mas, Linn 156 flexile, Moore 169 fontanum, Linn 215 formosuvn, Lowe •. 169 fragile^ Linn 160 fragrans, Linn 175 fraternum, J. Sm 97 fraxinifolium, Jacq 81 fraxinifolium, Lowe 138 Gardneri, Metten 100 Gaudichaudi, Bory 103 geminatum^ Schrad 86 Gheisbeghtii, Linden 138 glaucistipes, Wall 103 glaucum, Hort 83 glaucum, Eadd 81 globuliferum, Poir 256 gonatodeSi Kunze 81 Polypodium — grammicum, Spr page 169 grandidens, Kunze 82 grandifolium,. Wall 89 granulosum, Presl 139 griseum, Schk 246 Guatemalense, Hook 82 harpeodes, Link 81 hastcefolium, Sw 169 liemionitideum, Wall 98 Henchmauii, J. Sm 79 Heradeum, Kunze 103 Jiexagonopterum, Michx. . . . 170 Hippocrepis, Jacq 145 hirsutissimum, Eadd 80 horridum, Linn 243 liyperboreum, Sw 162 license, S w 162 incequale, Lowe 82 incanum, Sw 80 incurvatum, Blume 94 iroides, Poir. 98 irregulare, Presl 135 iteophyllum, Link 86 juglandifolium, Don 66 juglandifolium, Humb 143 Karwinskianum, A. Br 79 lacerum, Thunb 156 lachnopodium, J. Sm 169 Icetum, Eadd 81 lanceolatum, Linn 87 lapathifoUum, Eadd 101 latifolium, Forst 145 latipes, Lang, et Fisch 81 leiopteris, Kunze 87 leiorhizon, Wall 94 lepidopodium, Link 94 leptophyllum, Linn 126 leucorhizon, Klot 101 Leuzeanum, Gaud 146 Lindleyanum, Wall 96 Lingua, S w 100 lobatum, Huds 150 Lonchitis, Linn 149 longifolium, Presl ,,81 longissimum, Blume 94 loriceum, Linn 81 loriforme, Wall.- 87 Lusitanicum, Linn 76 lycopodioides, Linn 86 macrocarpwm, Willd 87 INDEX. 405 Polypodium — macrodon, Reinw page 285 macropterum, Kaulf. 169 marginals, Linn 157 marginellum, Sw 122 Martensii, Metten 78 medullare, Forst 242 megalodus, Schk 138 melanonewron, Miq 94 membranaceum, Don 98 menisciifolium, Lang, et Fisch 81 metamorplium, Kunze 82 microsorum, Metten 103 molliculum, Kunze 154 montanum, Vogler 154 multifidum, Jacq 17C muscefolium, Blume 103 myrtifolium, Lodd 86 neriifolium, Schk 82 nigrescens, Blume 94 nitidum, Hook 101 nitidwn, Kaulf. 102 Noveboracense, Linn 153 nudum, Forst 233 obtusum, Sw 162 Oreopteris, Ehrhart 154 Otites, Hort 78 Owariense, Desv 86 oxylobum, Hook 96 oxylobum, Wall 96 oxyphyllum, Wall 220 po2matum, Blume 96 Paradisese, Lang, et Fisch. 78 Parfcm, Hook, et Grev 168 pectinatum, Sohk 78 pectinatum , Linn 78 peltideu/m, Link ' 94 pennigemm, Forst 138 percussum, Cav 86 pertusum, Roxb 100 Phegopteris, Linn 171 phlebodes, Kunze 87 Phyllitidis, Linn. | 102 pliymatodes, Linn 94 phymatodes, Schk 94 Pica, Linn 144 piloselloides, Linn 84 plantaginium, Linn 135 plebejum, Schlecht 79 81 Polypodium — plumula, Moore page 78 plumosum, Hort 78 polyanthos, Hort. Brux 102 polycephalum, Wall 98 polystichum, Link 81 procerum, Willd 245 proUferum, Lowe 138 propinquum, Wall 103 pruinatum, Sw 246 pteroides, Retz 139 pubescens, Linn 153 pulvinatum, Link 84 pustulatum, Forst 93 quercifoliwm, Linn 103 recedens, J. Sm 154 refractum, Fisch. et Mey. . . . 140 regiwn, Linn 161 tieinwardtii, Kunze 82 repens, Linn « 107 reptans, Sw 13V reticulatum, Linn 137 rJiceticwm, Linn. Herb 219 Robertianum, Hoflf. 170 rostratum, Humb 168 rufescens, Blume 170 rufulwm, Presl 80 rugulosum, Labill 171 rupestre, Blume 95 rupestre, E. Br 100 sanctum, Sw 159 scandens, Labill 93 Schkuhrii, Radd 78 scolopendrioides, Sw 137 scolopendriivm, Don 87 scriptum, Hort 81 sculptum, Hort 81 sepultum, Kaulf. 80 serpens, Sw 85 serrulatum, Metten 123 serrulatum, Sw 138 sesquipedalis, Wall 87 setosum, Forst 159 Sieberianwn, Kaulf. 169 sororium, H. B. K. 79 spectabile, Kaulf. 169 spectrum, Kaulf. 98 sphcerocephalum, Wall 88 sporodocarpum, Willd 83 squamatum, Linn 80 squamulosum, Kaulf. 86 406 FEENS I BRITISH AND FOEEIGN. Polypodium — stigmaticum, Presl P&ge 86 subauriculatum, Blume 82 submarginale, Lang. et Fisch 155 subpetiolatum, Hook 79 subtriphyllum, Hook, et Am 145 tanacetifolium, Hoffm 158 teneltum, Forst 163 tenericaule, Wall 170 tetragonum, Sw 138 Thelypteris, Sw 153 Thouinianii/m, Gaud 98 thysanolepis, A. Br 80 tottum, Willd 124 triangul/nm, Linn 149 trichodes, Reinw 170 trifoliatum, Linn 144, 145 triquetrum, Blume 95 umbrosum, Ait 220 u/nidentatum, Hook 170 unitum, Linn 139 vacillans, Link 81 vacciniifolium, Lang, et Fisch 85 varium, Linn 157 velatum, Schk 80 venosum, Lowe 86 venustum, Wall 96 verrucosum, Wall 83 vestitum, Forst 151 vestitum, Eadd 155 villosum, Sw 157 viviparum, Radd 138 vnlgare, Linn 78 vulgare, Sowerby 79 Wallichianum, Spr 96 Willdenovii, Hook 103 Polystichum, Both 148 acrostichoid es, Schott 149 aculeatum. Roth 149 aculeatum, Hook 149 amabile, J. 8m 152 amplissimum, Presl 151 -^ angulare, Presl 150 anomalum, J. 8m 151 aristatum, Presl 151 Braunii, Fee 150 Capense, J. Sm 151 concavum, Moore 287 Polystichum — coniifolium, P+esl page 151 coriaceum, Schott 151 (ywrvtfolium, Hort 151 denticulatum, J. 8m 151 drepanum, Presl 170 Dubreuillianum, Gaud 285 falcinellum, Presl 149 fiexum, Remy 151 frondosum, J. 8m 151 hispidum, J. Sm 159 lepidocaulon, J. 8m 286 lobatum, Presl 150 Lonchitis, Roth 149 montanum, Roth 154 mucronatum, Presl 149 obliquum, J. 8m 149 obtusum, J. Sm 151 ordinatum, Fee 287 proliferum, Presl 151 pungens, Presl 151 rhomboideum, Schott 152 semicor 'datum, Moore 165 setosum, Presl 152 squarrosum, Fee 151 triangulum, Fee 149 vestitum, Presl 151 Polytcenium. lineatum., Desy 130 Psilotum, Sw 274 triquetrum, Sw 275 Psomiocarpa. Presl 112 apiifolia, Presl 112 Pteris, Linn 188 acuminatissimum, Blume . . . 189 cequalis, Presl 189 Aluinii, Desv 189 allosora, Link 191 amplectans, Wall 189 awgustifolia, Sw 133 apicalis, Lieb 193 aquilina, Linn 191 o.reolata, Lowe 290 argentea, Gmel 176 a/rguta, Ait 191 argyrea, Moore 190 argyrophylla, Sw 176 aspercaulis, Wcdl 191 atropurpurea, Linn 180 aurita, Blume 149 Bahamensis, Fee 198 INDEX. 407 Pteris— biaurita, Linn page 194 Brasiliensis, Radd 193 Calomelanos, S w 180 Chinensis, Hort. Ang 190 chrysocarpa, Hook, et Grev.. 188 chrysocarpa, Link 191 collina, Radd 195 comans, Forst 193 concinna, Hew 190 concolor, Lang, et Fisch. . . . 180 consobrina, Kunze 180 cordata, Cav 181 costata, Bory 189 crenulata, Sw 190 Cretica, Linn 189 Cretica, Blume 190 crispa, Hort 290 crispa, Linn 177 dec-ussata, J. Sm 191 deflexa, Link 191 denticulata, Sw 193 dimidiata, Blume 190 elata, Agard 193 ensifolia, Sw 189 esculenta, Forst 192 falcata, R. Br 182 fallax, Mart, et Gal 190 farinosa, Forsk 176 felosma, J. 8m 190 flabellata, Thunb 191 flabMata, Scbk 190 flewwsa, Kaulf. 181 furcata, Linn 91 geraniifolia, Radd 180 Gheisbeghtii, J. Sm 191 glauca, Cav 180 glauco-virens, Lind., Cat ... 190 grandifolia, Linn 193 hastata, Sw 180 heterodactyla, Reinw 190 heterophylla, Linn 190 intermedia, Blume 193 intramarginalis, Kaulf. . . 190 Kingiana, En dl 191 Kunzeana, Agard 193 laciniata, Willd 191 lanceolata, Linn 90 lata,Link... 191 leptophylla, Sw 193 linearis, Poir 193 Pteris— longifoUa, Linn page 189 macilenta, A. Rich 193 macrnptera, Link 193 multidentata, Wall 190 mutilata, Linn 190 nemoralis, Willd 194 nivea, Lam 178 obliqua, Forst 189 Orizabce, Mart, et Gal 193 Osmundoides, Bory 202 paleacea, Roxb 191 palmata, Willd 195 palustris, Poir 191 patens, Hook 191 pectinata, Don 191 pedata, Linn 195 pentaphylla, Willd 189 piloselloides, Linn 89 podophylla, Sw 194 polita, Link 193 pungens, Willd 190 pyrophylla, Blume 190 quadriaurita, Hook 190 quadriaurita, Retz 190 rotundifolia, Forst 182 rubro-nervia, Linden 191 sagittata, Cav 180 sagittifolia, Radd 195 scaberula, A. Rich 191 scolopendrina, Presl 132 semipinnata, Linn 190 serraria, Sw 189 serrulata, Linn 190 seticaulip, Hook 182 spinulifera, Schum 193 spinulosa, Radd 193 straminea, Metten 290 sulcata, Link 190 sulphwea, Cav 173 ternifolia, Cav 180 tremula, R. Br 191 trichomanoides, Linn 172 tricolor, Linden 190 tricuspidata, Linn 133 tripcvrtita, Sw 193 umbrosa, R. Br 190 vespertiUonis, Labill 194 vittata, Linn 189 Pteropsis, Desv 132 angustifolia, Desv 132 408 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Pteropsis — furcata, Presl lanceolata, Desv Pycnopteris. Sieboldi, Moore page 91 ... 90 .. 155 Khipidopteris, Schott ............ 109 peltata, Schott .................. 110 Saccoloma, Kaulf. elegans, Kaulf. 253 253 apiifolia, J. Sm 145 cicutaria, Moore 145 coadunata, J. Sm 145 Hippocrepis, Presl 145 Pica, Moore 144 platypliylla, J. Sm 145 repanda, Moore 145 Salpichlaena, J. 8m 208, 325 volubile, JT. (Sra 209 Schellolepis, J. 8m 82 cuspidata, J. Sm 82 subauriculata, /. Sm 82, 319 verrucosa, J. Sm 83, 319 Schizsea, Sm 261 digitata, Sw 263 elegans, 8w 262, 323 elegans, Hook 262 pusilla, Pwsh 261 rupestris, E. Br 261 Schizocsena, J. Sm 241 sinuata, J. Sm 241, 332 Schizoloma, Gaud 231 ensifolia, J. Sm 231 Scolopendrium, Sm 223 ambiguum, Radd 226 Brasiliense, Kunze 226 Ceterach, Eng. Bot 229 dubium, Don 209 Krebsii, Kunze 202 cfficinarum, Sw 224 rhizophyllum, Hook 226 vulgare, Sm 224 Scyphularia. pentaphylla, Fee 76 Selaginella, Spring 277, 327 Africana, A. Br 280 altissima, Klot 279 apothecia, Hort 278 Selaginella — Apus, Spring page 278 • atroviridis, Spring 279 Breynii, Spring 279 ccBsia, Hort .278, 279 caulescens, Spring 279 ciliata, A. Br 279 circinalis, Hort 280 convoluta, Spring 280 cuspidata, Link 280 delicatissima, A. Br 278 densa, Hort 278 denticulata, Link 278 denticulate, Hort 278 dichrous, Hort 280 erythropus, Spring 279 fiiicina, Spring 280 flabellata, Spring 279 Galeottii, Spring 279 Griffithii, Spring 279 Helvetica, Link 278 hortensis,' Netten 278 inaBqualifolium, Spring 278 involvens, Spring 280 Isevigata, Spring 279 lepidophylla, Spring 280 Lobbii, Hort 280 Ludovicana, A. Br 278 Lyallii, Spring 280 Martensii, Spring 279 microphylla, Hort 279 microphylla, Spring 278 mutabilis, Horb 278 pallescens, Klot 280 Panamensis, Hort 279 patula, Spring 278 Poeppigiana, Spring 278 Poeppigiana, Hort 279 pubescens, Spring 280 sarmentosa, A. Br 278 Schotti, Hort 279 serpens, Spring 278 spinulosa, Spring 278 stenophylla, A. Br 279 sulcata, Spring 279 uliginosa, Labill 278 uncinata, Spring 278 variabilis, Horf 278 viticulosa, Klot 279 Vogelii, Spring 280 ii, Hort 280 INDEX. 409 Selaginella — Willdenovii, Hort page 280 Selliguea, Bory 96 caudiforme, J. Sm 97 pothifolia, J. 8m 97 Sitolobium, Desv 236 adiantoides, J. 8m 236 anthriscifolium, J. 8m 237 cicutarium, J. Sm 237 davallioides, Desv 236 dissectum, /. 8m 237 Moluccanum, J. 8m 237 Pavoni, /. 8m 237 pilbsiusculum, Desv 236 punctilobum, J. 8m 236 rubiginosum, J. 8m 237 Soromanes, Fee 115 serratifolium, F6e 116 Sphcerostephanos. asplenioides, J. Sm 141 Stegania. alpina, R. Br 201 fluviatiUs, R. Br 201 lanceolata, R. Br 200 nuda, R. Br 201 Patersoni, R. Br 200 Stenochlasna, J. Sm 207, 317 heteromorpha, J. Sm 114 heteromorpha, J. Sin 208 Meyeriana, /. 8m 208 scandens, Hort 208 scandens, ,7. 8m 208 sorbifolia, J. Sm 114 tenuifolia, Moore 208 Stenolobus. ornatus, Presl 76 pentaphyllus, Presl 76 Stenoloma. aculeata, Fee 232 tenuifolia, Fee 232 Stenosemia, Presl 116 aurita, Presl 116 Struthiopteris, Willd 166 Germanica, Willd 167 Pennsylvania, Willd 167 Synammia. elongata, Presl , 87 Tceniopsis. Uneata,3.Sm 132 scolopendrina, J. Sm 132 Tceniopteris. Forbesii,13.ook.et'Ba,uer,page 132 Tcenitis. angustifoUa, R. Br 133 furcata, Willd 91 lanceolata, R. Br 90 ophioglossoides, Hort 92 Thetypteris. palustris, Schott 153 Thyrsopteris, K^mze 240 elegans, Kunze 240 Todea, Willd 264 Africana, Willd 265 Australasica, A. Cunn 265 Barbara, Moore 265 Fraseri, Hook, et Gr&v 265 hymenophylloides, Rich. ... 265 pellucida, Carm 265 rivularis, Sieb : 265 superba, Colenso 265 Trichiocarpa, Hook 147 Moorei, J. 8m 148 Trichomanes, Linn 252, 324 adiantoides, Linn 218 alatum, Bory 254 alatum, Sw 254 alatum, Hook 253 Andrewsii, Newm 253 anceps, Hook 254 angustatum, Carm 253 attenuatum, Hook 254 Bancroftii, Hook, et Orev. ... 254 Bauerianum, Endl 255 l>ilingue, J. Sm 253 Bojeri, Hook, et Gr&v 253 breviselum, R. Br 253 Canariense, Linn 76 coriaceum, Kunze 254 crinitum, Sw 254 crispum, Linn '. 254 curvatum, J. Sm 254 elegans, Rudge 256 elongatnm, A. Cunn 255 Europceum, Sm 253 exseqtum, Kunze 253 Filicula, Bory 253 fimbriatum, Backhouse 254 floribundum, H. B. K 254 foeniculaceum, Bory 255 Hibernicum, Spreng 253 incisum, Kaulf. 254 410 FERNS I BEITISH AND FOREIGN. Trichomanes — Japonicum, Thunb. ...page 188 Javanicum, Blume 254 Kaulfussii, Hook. et. Grev. . . . 254 Kraussii, Hook, et Grev 253 Leprieurii, Kunze 254 lucens, Hook, et Grev 254 Mandioccanwn, Eadd 254 meifolium, Bory 225 meifolium, Kaulf. 255 membranaceum, Linn 252 muscoides, Sw 253 nanum, Bory 256 obscurum, Blume 255 pennatum, Hedw 254 pilosum, Eadd 254 pluma, Hook 254 punctatum, Poir 252 pusillum , Sw 253 pyxidiferum, Huds 253 pyxidiferum, Linn 253 pyxidiferum, Schk 253 radicans, Sw 253 reniforme, Forst 252 reptans, Sw. 253 rhomboideum, J. Sm 254 rigidum, Sw. 255 rupestre, Backhouse 255 saxatile, Moore 255 scandens, Linn 253 setigerum, Backhouse 255 sinuosum, Rich 253 speciosum, Willd 253 spicatum, Hedw 256 strigosa, Thunb 233 superbum, Backhouse 254 trichoideum, Sw 253 trichophyllum, Moore 255 venosum, R. Br 253 Trichomanes — Vittaria, Dec page 254 Trichopteris, Presl 246 excelsa, Presl 246 Trismeria. argentea, Fee 125 aurea, Fee 125 Yittaria, Sm 130 lanceolata, Sw 130 lineata, Sw 132 Zeylanica, Fee 132 zostersefolia, Bory 131 Woodsia, R. Br Brownii, Metten hyperborea, R. Br Ilvenis, R. Br Mexicana, E. Br mollis, J. Sm obtusa. Hook Perriniana, Hook, et Grev. polystichoides, Eaton , Veitchii, Hance , Woodwardia, Sm angustifolia, Sm areolata, Lowe confluens, Hort Floridana, Schk Fortunei, Hort Japonica, Sw onocleoides, Willd orientalis, Sw radicans, Sm stans, Sw Virginica, Sm Xiphopteris, Kaulf. serrulata, Kaulf. . . 161 147 162 162 162 162 162 162 162 162 204 207 207 205 207 205 205 207 205 205 205 205 122 125 411 INDEX OF SPECIAL TEEMS DESCRIBED IN ORGANOGRAPHY. Annulate Antheridangia Areoles . 51 52 50 Conceptacles 52 Corpuscules 52 Costa 47 Caudex 46 Desmobrya 60 Eremobrya 60 Exannulate 51 Filices 44 Fronds 46 barren (sterile) 46 circinate 46 fertile 46 frondules 47 pinna3 47 pinnules 47 rachis 47 sarmenta 47 stipes 47 Fructification 50 Indusium 53 accessory 53 calyciform 53 cucullate 53 exterior 53 interior 53 involucre .., 53 Indusium — lateral page 53 linear 53 oblong 53 oval 53 plane 53 reniform 53 semi-calyciform 53 special 53 universal 53 Oophoridangia 52 Receptacle 50 amorphous 51 axillary 51 basal 50 compital 51 elongated 51 medial 51 punctiform 51 terminal 50 Rhizome 45 Sarmentum 46 Sorus 52 antemarginal 52 arcuate 52 confluent 53 elliptical 52 exserted or extrorse 52 globose 52 intramarginal 52 linear .. 52 412 TEENS I BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Sorus — marginal page 52 oblique 52 oblong 52 ovate 52 serial 52 transverse 52 Sporangium 51 annulate 51 exannulate 51 horizontal 51 vertical 51 Stem 45 arborescent 46 csespitose 46 decumbent 46 epigseous 45 hypogseous 45 scandent 46 squamose 46 stoloniferous 46 subfrutescent 46 surculose 46 Synangium 52 Yeins, Venules, and Yeinlets 47 anastomosing 48 angularly anastomising 49 Yeins, Venules, and Yeinlets — anterior venules page 50 arcuately anastomosing ... 49 clavate , 50 compoundly anastomosing ... 49 costeeform 48 distantly anastomosing 49 elevated 48 evanescent 48 excurrent 50 free 49 forked 49 internal 48 pinnate 49 pinnately forked 49 posterior venules 50 radiate 49 recurrent 50 reticulated 49 simple 49 simply forked 49 transversely 49 unilateral 48 Yernation 45 adherent ; 45 articulated 45 fasciculate 45 uniserial .. 45 COX AND WYMAN, PRINTERS, GREAT QUEEN STREET, LONDON, W.C. 2 0229 RETURN BIOSCIENCE & NATURAL RESOURCES LIBRARY TO —^ 2101 VALLEY LIFE SCIENCES BLDG. 642-2531 LOAN PERIOD 1 2 3 4 51 MONTH 6 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS DUE AS STAMPED BELOW DUE 1 MAR i 3 1QQ9 SUBJECT TO RECALll IMMEDIATELY DUE I JUL 2 1 19^9 SUBJECT TO RECALL IMMEPIATF:| Y REC'D BIOS AUGl6'99-f 22PM -. 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