(So. Dak. Bul. No 64.) April, 1899. Bulletin 64. U. S. EXPERIMENT STATION SOUTH DAKOTA. IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOUTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 1) ^ .^^ - - FERNS AND FLOWERING- PLANTS OF SOUTH DAKOTA. DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AND ENTOMOLOGY. BROOKINGS. SOUTH DAKOTA. i-IOUX FALLS, S. D. WILL A. BEACH, PRINTER AND BINDER. 1899. 12, -'"^ ' GOVERNING BOARD. REGENTS OF EDUCATION. Hon. H. H. Blair, Pres Elk Point Hon. M. F. Greeley Gary Hon. R. W. Haire, Sec'y Aberdeeu Hon. 1, M. Hough Sturgis Hon. F. a. Spafford Flaudreau STATION COUNCIL. Dr. F. a. Spafford, Regent Member. Jno. W. Heston, President of College. Jas. H. Shepard, Director Chemist E. C. Chilcott, Vice Director Agriculturist D. A. Saunders Botanist and Entomologist E. L. Moore Zoologist N. E. Hansen Horticulturist E. A. Burnett Animal Husbandry A. M. Allen, Secretary and Accountant. ASSISTANTS. A. B. Holm Soils W. H. Knox Chemistry S. A. Cochrane Irrigation W. S. Thornber Horticulture F. G. Orr Librarian fi@°*Any farmer of the state can have the Bulletins of this Station free upon application to the Director. « 4 FERNS AND FLOWERING PLA OF SOUTH DAKOTA. DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AND ENTOMOLOGY. D. A. Saunders. INTRODUCTION. The results embodied in the accompanying catalogue are. based on specimens in the College herberium, and on notes taken in the field by Professor T. A. Williams and the writer. The nomenclature followed is the modification of the Paris Code adopted by the Botanical Club of the American Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Science at Rochester in 1892 and amended at the Madison, Wis., meeting in 1893. The only synonyms given are such as would be a help to one accustomed to using Gray's Manual. In preparing this catalogue, Dr. P. A. Rydberg's Flora of the Black Hills* has been freely used. Specimens have also been received from various collectors in that region. Pro- fessor Williams has made extensive collections in the Sioux valley, has done considerable work along Bigstone Li(latus, Torr. Prairie Rush-grass. In dry soils throughout the state. Sporoboliis iiej»"lectus, Nash. Small Rush-grass. In the Minnesota region. Collected but once along an old Indian trail. Sporobolus airoides, Torr. Hair-grass. Dropseed. In the Missouri river to the Black Hills. Sporobolus eryi)taii(lrus, (Torr.) Gray. Sand Drop- seed. In sandy soil from the Missouri river eastward. Sporobolus lu''terolt'i)is, Gray. Northern Dropseed. In low prairies throughout the state from the Missouri river eastward. In the Minnesota region it often forms a large part of the lowland hay. Sporobolus asporifollus, (Nees & Meyen.) Thurber. Rough -leaved Dropseed. In dry soils from the James river valley westward. Ciiiiia Aruiidinacea, L. Wood Reed-grass. In the southern part of the Sioux valley. Ciiiiia latifolia, (Trev.) Griseb. Slender Wood Reed- grass. Cmna Pendula^ Trin. In woods in the Sioux valley near Brookings. AgTostis alba, L. Red-top. Sparingly introduced in the Minnesota and Sioux river valleys. Agrostis exerata, Trin. Rough-leaved Bent-grass. In the Black Hills. Agrostis eaiiiiia, L. Brown Bent-grass. In the Missouri rivei valley; rare. Aj»Tostis poreiiuaiis, (Walt.) Tuckerm. Thin-grass. In rich woods in the Minnesota valley and the Black Hills. 114 Agrostis hyemalis, (Walt.) B. S. P. Rough Hair-grass, Agrostis scabra. Willd. A rather uncommon grass from the Missouri river eastward. Calainagrostis luacouniana, Vasey. Macoun's Reed- grass. From the Missouri river eastward. Calaiiiagrostis Canadensis, (Michx.) Beauv. Blue Joint. Common in low places, from the Missouri river east- ward. Calaniagrostis breviseta, (Gray.) Scrib. Pickering's Reed -grass. Calamagrostis sylvatica brevtseta. Gray. In the Black Hills. Calamagrostis confinis, (Wild.) Nutt. Bog Reed-grass. In the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Calamagrostis neglecta, (Ehrn.) Gaertn. Narrow Reed- grass. Calamas;rostis stricta. Beauv. In the Sioux valley, near Brookings. Calamagrostis Montanensis, Scrib. Montana Reed- grass. Occasional in the Sioux and James valleys. Calamovilfa longifolia, (Hook.) Hack. Long-leaved Reed-grass. Calamagrostis longifolia. Hook. In dry soils throughout the state. Avena Striata, Michx. Purple Oats. In the Black Hills. Avena fatiia, L. Wild Oats. Introduced in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Arrhenatheriim Elatius, (L) Beauv. Oat-grass. Escaped from cultivation near Brookings. H5 Dantlioiia spioata, Beauv. Wild Oat-grass. In the Black Hills. Spartiwa Cyiiosiiroides, (L.) Willd. Tall Marsh-grass. In swamps and streams throughout the state. Spartiiia j»TaciIis, Trin. Inland Cord-grass. In alkaline soils along Cheyenne river in the Bad Lands and along Lake Traverse. Sclieiloniiardus paiiiculatus, (Niitt.) Trelease. Sched- onnardus. Found occasionally along trails from the Missouri river to the Black Hills, also in the southern part of the state east of the river. Bouteloua hirsuta, Lag. Hairy Mesquite-grass. In dry soils throughout the state, but much less com- mon than the next. Bouteloua olij»-ostaeliya, (Nutt.) Torr. Mesquite-grass. Very abundant throughout the state; commonly called ''False Buffalo Grass." Bouteloua Curtipeudula, (Michx.) Torr. Racemed Bouteloua. Common throughout the state. Beckniauuia eruejeformis, (L.) Host. Beckmannia. In wet places throughout the state. Bulbilis (laetyloides, (Nutt.) Raf. Buffalo-grass. Throughout the state. It is rapidly disappearing in the eastern and southern part of the state. Muuroa squarrosa, (Nutt=) Torr. Munro's grass. On the dry plain from the Missouri valley westward. Pliragiuites Pliraj*^niites, (L.) Karst. Reed-grass. In swamps and along the edges of streams from the Missouri river eastward. Diplaeliue fascicularis, (Lam.) Beauv. Salt-meadow Diplachne. In alkaline Marshes east of the Missouri river. ii6 ErajL^TOstis pilosa, (L.) Beauv. Tufted Eragrostis. Sparingly introdueed into the eastern and southern part of the state. Eraj»T<)stis purshii, Schrad. Pursh's Eragrostis. In the eastern part of the state. Eraj;T(>stis Major, Host. Strong-scented Eragrostis. Common east of the Missouri, rare in the Black Hills. EragTOstis hypnoides, (Lam.) B. S. P. Creeping Era- grostis. Common on sandy shores east of the Missouri river. Eatoiiia obtusata, (Michx.) Gray. Blunt-scaled Eatonia. East of the Missouri and in the Black Hills. Eatoiiia Peiiusylvaiiiea, (Dc.) Gray. Pennsylvanian Eatonia. East of the Missouri and in the Black Hills. Koelcria oristata, (L) Per?. Koeleria. Common from the Missouri river westward to the Black Hills. Catabrosia aquatica, (L.) Beauv. Waterwhirl-grass. In swamps in the Black Hills. Disticlilis spicata, (L.) Greene. Marsh Spike-grass. Common in low alkaline soils throughout the state. Daetylis gloiiierata, L. Orchard-grass. Sparingly introduced in pastures in the extreme east- ern part of the state and in the Black Hills. Poa coiiipre.ssa, L. Wire-grass. In dry places east of the Missouri river. Poa prateiisis, L. Kentucky Blue-grass. Introduced into meadows and lawns east of the river; probably native in the Black Hills. Poa pscudoprateiisis, Scrib. & Ryd. Prairie Meadow- grass. Found near Hot Springs, in the Black Hills. 117 Poa triviali.s, L. Rough Meadow-grass. Sparingly introduced in the vicinity of Brookings. Poji flava, L. False Red- top. In swampy places in the extreme eastern part of the state; the Sioux and Little Minnesota valleys. Poa iienioralis, L. Wood Meadow-grass. On moist banks in the Sioux and James river valleys and in the Black Hills. Poa clebilis, Torr. Weak Spear-grass. In wooded ravines in the Minnesota valley. Poa alsodes, Gray. Grove Meadow-grass. In damp woods in the Little Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Poa arida, Vasey. Prairie Spear-grass. In the Sioux and James valleys. Poa alpiiia, L. Alpina Spear-grass. Near Hot Springs, in the Black Hills. Poa Buekleyaiia, Nash. Buckley's Spear-grass. In dry soils near Hot Springs. Poa l?evis, Vasey. Smooth Poa. Extends from the Missouri valley to the Black Hills. Poalfeiidleriaiia, (Steud.) Vasey. Fendler's Poa. In the Black Hills. Poa iievedeiisis, Vasey. Nevada Poa. In the Black Hills. Poa annua, L. Annual Meadow-grass. Elk Canon, in the Black Hills. Paniciilaria uervata, (Willd.) Knutze. Nerved Manna- grass. Glycerin nervata. Trin. In the Sioux and Little Minnesota valleys, and in the Black Hills. ii8 Paniciilaria Amerieaiia, (Torr.) McM. Reed Meadow- grass. Glyceria grandis^ S. Wats. Occasional in the Sioux valley and in the Black Hills. Paiiicularia fluitans, (L.) Kuntz. Floating Meadow- grass. Glyceria fluitans. R. B. In shallow water in the Sioux valle)'. Festuca octoflora, Walt. Slender Fescue. In dry sandy soil from the James valley to the Black Hills. Festuca oviiia, L. Sheep's Fescue. Grows in bunches on dry prairies in the Black Hills. Festuca Xiitaus, Willd. Nodding Fescue. On shady bluffs in the Sioux and lyittle Minnesota valleys. Broimis ciliatiis, L. Fringed Brome. In thickets in the Sioux, James and lyittle^Minnesota valleys, and in the Black Hills. Broiiiiis Kaliiiii, Gray. Kalm's Chess. In the Black Hills. Kroinus i)iiiii)clliaiius. Scribner. In the Black Hills. AgTopyroii repeiiH, (L.) Beau v. Cough-grass, "Quack" - grass. A most troublesome weed in cultivated fields east of the Missouri river. Agropyroii violaceuiu, (Horn.) Vasey. Purplish wheat- grass. Found occasionally on high ground, from the Missouri valley eastward. Specimens collected by Dr. Rydberg in the Black Hills were doubtfully referred to Agropyron vio/aceiim majus. 119 Aj»Topyron .spicatuiii, (Pursh.) Scrib. & Smith. Western Wheat-grass. Alkali-grass. Throughout the state. In the James and Missouri valleys it forms a great portion of the forage. It prefers a damp, heavy, somewhat alkaline soil. It is not com- mon on the prairies in the eastern part of the state, but is becoming more abundant where the land is broken. A^Topyroii teiieruiii, Vasey. Slender Wheat-grass. Common on dry prairies throughout the state. Aj>roi)yroii stryj;osuiii, Beauv. Rough Wheat-grass. In sterile soil along Indian creek in the Bad Lands. Aj>T<)i)yr<)ii caiiiiiuiii, ( L ) R. & S. Awned Wheat-grass. Common in the Sioux valley and in the Black Hills, probably throughout the state. Hordeuin Jubatuiii, L. Squirrel-tail -grass. A very common and troublesome weed in all waste places throughout the state. Elyiuus striatus, Willd. Slender wild rye. On banks of streams from the Missouri valley east- ward, and in the Black Hills. Elyiiius virg'iiiifus, L. Terrell-grass; wild rye. Common along streams throughout the state. Elyiuiis canadensis, L. Nodding wild rye. Common along streams throughout the state. Most of the material from the arid regions west of the Mis- souri river and in the Black Hills belongs to the variety Glaucifolius Torr. Elyiiius 3Iacouiiii, Vasey. Macoun's wild rye. In the Little Minnesota valley. Eiyiiius Elyiiioides, (Raf.) Swezey. Long-bristled wild rye. From the Missouri river westward; rare. Elynms dasystacliys, Trin. Western wild rye. In the Black Hills. I20 Cyperace^. — The Sedge Family. C'yperiis iiiflexii8, Muhl. Awned Cyperus. Cyperus Aristatus^ of Manuals. In damp sandy soil from the Missouri river eastward. Cyperus Schwoiiiitzii, Torr. Schweiuitz Cyperus. In low, moist ground from the Missouri valley eastward. Cyiieru.s acuiiiiuatus, Torr. & Hook. Short-pointed Cyperus. In wet meadows throughout the state. Cyperus erythrorliizos, Muhl. Red-rooted Cyperus. In the Sioux and James valleys. Cyperus strig'osus, L. Straw-colored Cyperus. In wet meadows in the little Minnesota valley. Cyperus ovularis, (^Michx.) Torr. Globose Cyperus. In the Sioux and Little Minnesota valleys. Eleocliaris Euj»"leuiauiii. Steud. Englemann's Spike- rush. In wet soil from the Missouri valley eastward. There are several specimens in the College herbarium labelled E. Ovata. The plants all have the pointed spike, the low broad tubercle covering the top of the achcHe and the short bristles of E. Englemanni. Eleoeharis palustris, (L.) R. & S. Creeping Spike- rush. In swamps and ponds in the Black Hills, James, Sioux and Little Minnesota valleys; and in the southern part of the Missouri valley. Eleocharis acicularis, (L.) R. & S. Needle Spike-rush. In wet soils from the Missouri valley eastward and probably throughout the state. Eleocharis acumiuata, (Muhl.) Nees. Flat-stemmed Spike-rush. In the Black Hills near Hot Springs. I 21 Eleocharis interiuedia, (Muhl.) Schuttes. Matted Spike- rush. In springy marshes in the Sioux valley, near Brook- ings; rare. Sc-irpus pauciflorus, Lightf. Few-flowered Club-rush. In the Black Hills, near Caster. Seirpus debilis, Pursh. Weak-stalked Club-rush. In the Missouri valley, in Potter and Walworth counties. Scirpiis Aiiiericaiius, Pers. Three-squares. Scirpiis pungeus^ Vahl. In brackish, or fresh water swamps throughout the state; rare in the Black Hills. Hcirpus lacustris, L. Great Bulrush. In lakes and ponds throughout the state. Sfirims fluviatilis, (Torr.) Gray. River Bulrush. On sandy shores of lakes and ponds, and along slow streams from the Missouri valley eastward throughout the state. In one locality "between 600 and 1,000 acres came up in June, 1894, and yielded from 16 to 25 bushels per acre of seed, which was used for feed for stock and chickens." Scirpus atrovireus, Muhl. Dark-green Bulrush. In swamps in the Sioux and Little Minnesota valleys. Scirpiis atrovirt'iis pallidus, Britton. Pale Sedge. In the Black Hills. Scirpus oyperiims, (ly.) Kunth. Wood-grass. In the Black Hills, near Custer. Eriophoruiu polystaoliyou, L. Tall Cotton-grass. In springy bogs in the Sioux valley. Watertown, Toronto, Elkton. Erioplioruin ji^raciU', Kock. Slender Cotton-grass. Collected in a springy bog in the extreme eastern part of the state, near Elkton. 122 CJiirex lii])iilif<>i'inis, vSartwell. Hop-like Sedge. Ill swamps and lake margins in the Little Minnesota and Sioux valleys; forming a considerable of the forage on low ground. Carex festiva, Dewey. Festival Sedge. Very rare, in the Black Hills. €arex utriculata, Boott. Bottle Sedge. In marshes in the Little Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Carex hystrieiiia, Muhl. Porcupine Sedge. In springy swamps in the extreme eastern part of the Sioux valley. Carex inoiiile, Tuckerm. Necklace Sedge. In a springy bog near Elkton; the extreme eastern part of the Sioux valley. €arex retrorsa, Schwein. Retrorse Sedge. In wet meadows in the Sioux and James valleys. Carex pseiirto-cyperus, L. Cyperous-like Sedge. In low swails and margins of ponds in the Sioux valley. Carex tru-hocarpa, Muhl. Hairy-fruited Sedge. In lakes and marshes in the Little Minnesota, the Sioux, and the southern part of the Missouri valley. -Carex aristata, R. Br. Awned Sedge. In swamps in the Sioux valley. Carex H<)uj»iit<)uii, Torn Houghton's Sedge. On dry banks in the Sioux valley near Brookings. Carex laini^iiiosa, Michx. Woolly Sedge. In springy swamps in the Little Minnesota, the Sioux and the southern part of the James and IMissouri valleys. C'arex filiforniis, L. Slender Sedge. In the Sioux valley near Brookings, 123 €arex stricta, Dewey. Tussock Sedge. In low meadows in the Sioux and James valleys, and the southern part of the Missouri valley. Carex Haydenii, Dewey. Hayden's Sedge. In sloughs in the Little Minnesota, Sioux and the James valleys. Carex Nebraskeiisis, Dewey. Nebraska Sedge. In the Black Hills near Custer. Carex loiij»irostris, Torr. Long-beaked Sedge. On damp shady banks in the Little Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Carex Assiiiiboiiieiisis, W. Boott. Assiniboia Sedge. On damp shady banks in the Little Minnesota, and the northern part of the Sioux valley. Carex capillaria, L. Hair-like Sedge. On moist shady banks bordering streams in the Little Minnesota valley. Carex g-risea, Wahl. Gray Sedge. In low woods in the Sioux valley near Brookings. Carex tetaiiica, Schk. Wood Sedge. In low ground in the Sioux valley. Carex 3Ieaclii, Dewey. Mead's Sedge. In wet meadows in the Sioux valley near Brookings. Carex laxiflora blaiida, (Dewey.) Boott. Loose -flowered Sedge. In damp woods near lakes in the Little Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Carex aurea, Nutt. Golden-fruited Sedge. In the Black Hills, near Lead. Carex Kicliardsoiiii, R. B. Richardson's Sedge. In the Sioux and James valleys and in the Black Hills, not abundant. 124 Carex pedici^llata, (Dewey.) Britton. Fibrous-rooted Sedge. On blu&s in the Little Minnesota valley; rare. Carex Peiiusylvaiiica, Lam. Pennsylvania Sedge. Very abundant in dry soils, both open and shaded. From the Missouri valley eastward, and in the Black Hills, probably throughout the state. Carex varia, Muhl. Emmons' Sedge. In dry soils in the Black Hills. Carex filifolia, Nutt. Thread-leaved Sedge. In dry soil throughout the state, more abundant in the central and western part. Carex steiiophylla, Wahl. Involute-leaved Sedge. In dry soil throughout the state. This plant and C. Pennsylvanica form not an inconsiderable amount of early forage. Carex Marcida, Boott. Clustered Field Sedge. In the Little Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Carex gravida, Bailey. Heavy Sedge. On low ground in the Sioux valley. Carex vulpiiioidea, Michx. Fox Sedge. In the Sioux, James and Missouri valleys. Carex Sartwellii, Dewey. Saitwell's Sedge. In the Sioux and the Little Minnesota valleys. Carex teiiella, Schk. Soft-leaved Sedge. Near Sylvan Lake in the Black Hills. Carex rosea, Schk. Stellate Sedge. On damp wooded bluflfsof Bigstone Lake in the Little Minnesota valley. Carex sterilis, Willd. Little Prickly Sedge. In the Sioux valley near White. 125 Carex siccata, Dewey. Hillside Sedge. In the Sioux, James and Missouri valleys and in the Black Hills. Carex tribnloides, Wahl. Blunt Broom Sedge. In the Sioux valley. Carex tribiiloides Bebbii, Bailey. Occurs in the Black Hills. Carex foeiiea, Willd. Hay Sedge. In the Sioux valley near Brookings; rare. Carex Deweyaiia, Schwein. Dewey's Sedge. Occurs rather rarely in the Black Hills and in the Sioux valley. Carex stramiiiea, Willd. Straw Sedge. In dry soils in the Sioux and Little Minnesota valleys. Carex festucaoeie, Willd. Fescue Sedge. In the Sioux valley near Brookings. Carex Bickiiellii, Britton. Bicknell's Sedge. Carex Stramiiiea Crawei^ Boott. Near Hot Springs in the Black Hills; rare. Carex sycliiiocepliala, Carey. Dense Long-beaked Sedge. In low meadows in the Sioux valley, near Brookings, and in the Little Minnesota valley near outlet of Big- stone Lake. • Arace^. — The Arum Family. Arisfeiiia triphylluiu, (L.) Torn Indian Turnip. On moist shady banks bordering lakes and streams in the Little Minnesota and the Sioux valleys. Acorus calamus, L. Sweet Flag. Collected in two localities in the extreme eastern part of the state. 126 Lemnacr.^. — Duckweed Family. Spirotlella polyrhiza, (L.) Schleid. Greater Duckweed. In ditches, ponds and lakes throughout the state. Leiiiiia trisiiloa, h. Star Duckweed. In ponds and pools; so far it has been collected only from the Missouri river eastward. Leiniia minor, L. Lesser Duckweed. In ponds, lakes and stagnant water throughout the state. COMMELINACE^. — Spiderwort Family. Tradeseantia virgiiiiaiia, L. Spiderwort. Abundant in low moist ground throughout the state. PoNTEDERiACE^. — Pickerel weed Family. Heteraiithera liiuosa, (Sw.) Willd. Smaller Mud Plan- tain. In muddy ponds near Dell Rapids, in the Sioux val- ley and at various points in the Missouri valley. Heteraiithera dubia, (Jacq.) McM. Water Star-grass. Schollera graniinea^ Gray. In clear water from the Missouri eastward. JUNCACE^. — Rush Family. Jiincvis efFusus, L. Bog Rush. Common in low ground in the Sioux valley. Juncvis biifoiiiu.s, L. Toad Rush. In the Black Hills; rare. Jiincus tenuis, Willd. Slender Rush. Common in the Sioux and the James river valleys and in the Black Hills. finncus Vaseyi, Englm. Vasey's Rush. Near Hot Springs, in the Black Hills. Junevis long'istylis, Torr. Long-styled Rush. Near Lead City, in the Black Hills. 127 Juiifiis iiodosus, L. Knotted Rush. In the Sioux, the Little Minnesota, and the James valleys, and the Black Hills. Juiicus Torreyi, Coville. Torrey's Rush. In the Sioux, Minnesota, James and Missouri valleys, and in the Black Hills. Jiiiiciis Xipliioides Moiitaiius, Englm. The Mountain Sedge. A rare plant near Custer, in the Black Hills. Juiieoirtes coinosuin, (Meyer.) Sheldon. The Hairy Rush. In the Black Hills; rare. Melanthace^. — Bunch-Flower Family. Zyg-adeiius elegans, Pursh. Glaucous Zygadenus. In low prairies probably throughout the state, the Lit- tle Minnesota, Sioux, James and Missouri valleys, and in the Black Hills. Zygadenus veiiosus, S. Wats. Poisonous Zygadenus. In the Black Hills, near Hot Springs, Rapid City, etc. Uvularia j»Taiidiflora, J. E. Smith. Large-flowered Bellwort. In damp shady ravines in the Little Minnesota valley. LiWACE^. — The Lily Family. Leueooriiiuiii iiioiitaiiiiiu, Nutt. Leucocrinum. Common in the Black Hills, Custer, Rapid City and the adjacent plains. Allium tricoccuni, Ait. Wild Leek. In damp deep ravines in the Minnesota valley. Alliuui ceruuuiu, Both. Nodding Wild Onion. In the Sioux valley and the Black Hills, abundant. Allium stellatum, Kerr. Prairie Wild Onion. Common in dry soils in the Sioux valley and in the Black Hills. 128 Allium Canadensis, L. Meadow Garlic. Common in low prairies in the Sioux valley. Allium Nuttallii, S. Wats. Nuttall's Wild Onion. In dry soils in the southern part of the James and Missouri valleys. Allium reticulatum, Don. Fraser's Wild Onion. On dry prairies from the Missouri river eastward and in the Black Hills. Allium Geyeri, Wats. Geyer's Wild Onion. In the Black Hills. Lilium uml)ellatum, Pursh. Western Red Lily. In low prairies in the lyittle Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Fritillaria atropurpurea, Nutt. Purple Fritillaria. In the Bad Lands region in the south central part of the state. Calochortus Nuttallii, T. & G. Nuttall's Mariposa Lily. In the Black Hills. Calochortus Guunisouii, S. Wats. Gunnison's Mariposa Lily. In the Black Hills and in the Bad Lands. Yucca g'lauca, Nutt. Bear-grass, Indian Soap weed. Common in the dry soils, especially on bluffs trom the Missouri valley to the Black Hills. CoNVALLARiACE^. — Lily of the Valley Family. Asi)aragus, Ofticinalis, L. Asparagus. Escaped in fields and timber claims in a few places; Brookings, Yankton and Dell Rapids. Vaj^nera racemosa, (L.) Morong. Wild Spiknard. Smilacina racemosa. On damp, shady banks in the Sioux and Little Minne- sota valleys. 129 Vag'iierii stellata, (L ) Morong, Star-flowered Solomon's Seal. Sniilacina Stellata^ Nutt, In the Little Minnesota, Sioux, James and Missouri valleys, and in the Black Hills. Vagnera aiiiqlexicaulis, (Nutt.) Greene. Western Sol- omon's Seal. Smilacina amplexicaiilis^ Nutt. In the Black Hills. Unifoliuiii Canadeiise, (Desf.) Greene. False Lily-of-the- Valley. MajantJienmm Canadense^ Desf. In shady woods in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Diosporum trachycarpuiii, (S. Wats.) B. & H. Rough- fruited Diosporum. Prosartes trachycarpimi^ S. Wats. In shady places in the Black Hills. Streptopus aniplexifoliiis, (L.) Dec. Clasping-leaved Twist-foot. Near Sylvan Lake, in the Black Hills. Polygoiiatiiiii Coiniiiutatuin, (R. & S.) Dietr. True Solomon's Seal. In moist Woods from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Trilliuiu erectuiii, L. Ill-scented Wake Robin. In deep ravines in the Minnesota valley. Fruiting specimens were also collected in the same locality with the last which agree with T. Grandifloruni^ but as no flowers were collected this is not reported as a certainty. Smilacace^. — The Smilax Family. Smilax herbaeea, L. Carrion Flower. In woods and thickets throughout the state. I30 Sniilax liispida, Muhl. Hispid Greenbrier. In the southern part of the Sioux valley from Sioux Falls southward and in the Southern Missouri valley to Running Water. Amaryllidace^. — Amaryllis Family. Hypoxis liirsiita, (L.) Coville. Star-grass. Common on prairies in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Iridace^. — The Iris Family. Iris Missouriensis, Nutt. Western Flag. In wet soils throughout the Black Hills. Sisyriiicliiuin augustitbliuiii, Mill. Pointed Blue-eyed Grass. Common from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Orchidace^, — The Orchid Family. Cyprepedium candidnni, (Willd.) Small White Ladies' Slipper. In low, damp meadows in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Cyprepediiiin hirsntnni, Mill. Large Yellow Ladies' Slipper. In the deep, shaded ravines of the Minnesota valley. Cyprepediiiin parviflorum, Salisb. Small Yellow Ladies' Slipper. In woods in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Hal)eiiaria liyperborea, (L.) Tall Green Orchis. In bogs in the Little Missouri valley and in the Black Hills. Habenaria bracteata, (Wild.) R. Br. Long-bracted Orchis. In damp woods in the Little Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Habenaria leucophti^a, (Nutt.) A. Gray. Prairie White- fringed Orchis. In low prairies in the Sioux valley near Brookings; rare. Gryrostachys Koiuaiixoffiaiia, (Cham.) MacM. Hooded Ladies' Tresses. Spiranthes Romanzoffiana^ (Cham.) In low ground in the Sioux valley and in the Black Hills. Peraniiuni repeiis, (L.) Salisb. Lesser Rattlesnake Plaintain. Goodyera repens, R. Br. In the Black Hills. Corallorhiza Corollorhiza, (L.) Karst. Early Coral- root. In woods in the Little Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Corallorhiza niultiflora, Nutt. Large Coral-root. On shady banks in the Black Hills. DICOTYLEDONES. JUGLANDACE^. — Walnut Family. Jug-lans nigra, L. Black Walnut. Occurs native only in the southeastern part of the state; Union county. 132 Salicace.^.. — Willow Family. Populus balsaiiiifera, L. Balsam Poplar. In the deep, wooded ravines of the Minnesota valley; rare. It is reported also from near Sioux Falls, but no specimens have been seen.* Populus ang-ustifolia, James. Narrow-leaved Cotton- wood. In the Black Hills. Populus acuiniiiata, Rydberg. Black Cottonwood. Near Hot Springs in the Black Hills. Populus tremuloides, Michx. American Aspen. On the dry bluffs and in the spring swamps in the Minnesota valley, in the higher altitudes in the Black Hills, and in isolated patches between the Missouri river and the Black Hills. It is reported also from the Sioux valley, but no specimens have been seen. Populus (leltoides, Marsh. Cottonwood. Around lakes and bordering streams throughout the state; common. Salix nig-ra, Marsh. Black Willow. A shrub or small tree, common along streams in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. Salix liuviatilis, Nutt. Sand-bar Willow. Salix longifolia^ Gray. A small, slender shrub, along streams and lakes throughout the state; the commonest of the willows. Salix Bebbiana, Sarg. Bebb's Willow. Salix rostrata^ Richards. In the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Salix humilis, Marsh. Prairie Willow. Common in the Minnesota region; it is usually found on the wooded bluffs or the edge of the open prairie, acting as the advance guard of the wooded formations. ♦Williams, Bulletin 43, U, S. Exp. Sta., S. D.; 105; 1S95. '^33 Salix discolor, Muhl. Glaucous Willow. In cold swamps in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Salix cordata, Muhl. Heart-leaved Willow. Along streams throughout the state. Salix balsamifera, (Hook.) Barnstt. Balsam Willow. In the cold spring swamps in the Minnesota region. Salix adeiiophylla, (Hook.) Furry Willow. A single specimen was collected on the shores of one of the numerous lakes found in the coteaus in the north- eastern part of the state, which is doubtfully referred to this species. Salix myrtilloides, L. Bog Willow. In the boggy swamps at the head of the coulies in the Minnesota region. BetulacE^. — The Birch Family. Ostrya virg-inica, (Mill.) Iron-wood. On wooded bluffs in the Minnesota region, and among the foot-hills in the Black Hills. Corylus Americana, Walt. Hazelnut. In thickets and open woods in the Minnesota and Sioux regions, and in the Black Hills. Corylvis rostrata. Ait. Beaked Hazelnut. In the Black Hills, not as common as the last. Betula papyrifera, Marsh. Canoe Birch. Common in the Black Hills. Betula Occident alls. Hook. Western Red Birch. In the Black Hills; common. Betvila glandulosa, Michx. Scrub Birch. A low shrub, abundant in many places in the Black Hills. 134 Fagace^. — Beech Family. Quercus macrocarpa, Michx. Burr Oak. In rich, open woods and on dry bluffs, in the vicinity of streams or lakes throughout the state. The White Oak {Quercus Alba) has been reported for this state, but wherever specimens were received or the locality visited, the tree proved to be one of the numerous forms of the Burr Oak. It seems very doubtful if the white oak occurs in this state. Ulmace^. — -The Elm Family. Ulmiis Americana, L. White Elm. Along streams and lakes throughout the state. Uliiius fulva, Michx. Slippery Elm. Extends up the Sioux river to Sioux Falls, and up the Missouri river nearly to Chamberlain. A few trees were also found around Buffalo Lake in the northeastern part of the state, just west of the head waters of the Little Minnesota. Celtis occidentalis, L. Hackberry. In the vicinity of lakes and streams throughout the state. MoRACE^. — The Mulberry Family. Morus rubra, L. Red Mulberry. This tree is found naturally only in the extreme southeastern county of the state, along the Sioux river; Elk Point. Humulus Lupulus, L. Hops. In thickets bordering streams and lakes throughout the state. Cannabis sativa, L. Hemp. Sparingly introduced into the state from the Missouri river eastward. 135 UrticacE/E. — Nettle Family. Urtica g-racilis, Ait. Slender Nettle. In thickets and low ground throughout the state. Urticastrum clivaricatiim, (I^.) Kuntze. Wood Nettle. Laportea Canadensis^ Gaud. In low, rich woods from the Missouri river eastward. Adicea Piiiiiila, (L.) Raf. Clearweed. Pilea pumila^ Gray. In damp, shady ground in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Parietaria Peiiiisylvanica, Muhl. Pennsylvanian pel- litory. In shady woods from the Missouri eastward, and in the Black Hills. Santalace^. — Sandal-wood Family. Coiuandra umbellata, (L.) Nutt. Bastard Toad-flax. On dry, gravelly bluffs from the Missouri valley east- ward. Comandra pallida, A. Dc. Pale Comandra. From the Missouri river westward throughout the state, including the Black Hills. PoLYGONACE^. — Buckwheat Family. Eriog-oiiuiu aiiiiuni, Nutt. Annual Eriogonum. In the Black Hills, and also extending over most of the plains region from the Missouri valley westward. Eriogonum iniilticeps, Nees. Branched Eriogonum. On the dry plains from the Missouri river westward, and in the Black Hills. Eriog'oiuini paucifloriiin, Pursh. Few-flowered Erio- gonum. In the Black Hills, and in the surrounding plain region. 136 Eriogoiiuiu fliiviiiii, Nutt. Yellow Eriogonuin. In the Black Hills. Runiex acetosella, L. Sheep Sorrel. A European weed introduced into pastures and timber claims, etc., in the Sioux valley and in the Black Hills. Riiiuex venosus, Pursh. Veined Dock. From the bluffs of the Missouri river westward, in- cluding the Black Hills. Rviinex altissinius, Wood. Peach-leaved Dock. Common along streams and in wet ground from the > Missouri valley eastward. Riiinex salicifolius, Weinm. Pale Dock. In low ground near lakes and streams throughout the state. Rumex Britamiiea, L. Great-water Dock. In the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Runiex oceideiitalis, S. Wats. Western Dock. On the plains west of the Missouri river, and in the Black Hills. Runiex crispus, L. Curled Dock. Sparingly introduced into the state from the Missouri river eastward, and in the Black Hills. Runiex persicarioides, L. Golden Dock. Abundant on damp, shady shores from the Missouri valley eastward. Polygonum viviparuni, L. Alpine Bistort. In damp, mossy places in the Black Hills. Polygonum ainpliibium, L. Water persicaria. In shallow water in the Minnesota, the Sioux and the James valleys. Polygonum llartwriglitii, Gray. Hartwright's Persi- caria. In the Sioux valley; rare. ^2,7 Polyg'oiiiiiii eiiiersuni, (Mich.) Britton. Swamp Persi- caria. In swamps and edges of ponds throughout the state. Polygoiiuiii lapatliilbliuiii, L. Dock-leaved Persicaria. In waste places throughout the state; rare west of the Missouri, except in the Black Hills. Polygonum lapathifolium iiicaiiuin, (Schmidt.) Kock. Same range as the type. Polygoimni Peiiii.sylvaniouiii, L. Pennsylvania Persi- caria. In moist soil from the Missouri valley eastward. Polygonum Persicaria, L. L,adies' Thumb. Common in waste places from the Missouri valley eastward, and in the Black Hills. Pol,>gonum liydropiper, L. Smart-weed. In moist places in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Polygonum punctatum, Ell. Water Smart-weed. Polygomini acre, H. B. K. In cold swamps in the Minnesota valley. Polygonum aviculare, L. Knot-grass. In waste ground throughout the state. Polyg'onum littorale, Liuk. Shore Knot-weed. In waste places in the Black Hills. Polygonum erectum, L. Erect Knot-weed. In dry soils throughout the state. Polygonum ramosi.ssimum, Michx. Bushy Knot-weed. A cpmmon weed in dry soils, throughout the state. Polygonum famporum, Meisu. Prairie Knot-weed. On prairies from the Missouri river eastward. Polygonum tenue, Michx. Slender Knot-weed. In ground that has been broken from the Missouri river eastward. 138 Polyj>oimin Doiiglassii, Greene. Douglas Knot-weed. In the Black Hills and near Sand Lake in the James valley. Polygonum Convolvulus, L. Black Bind-weed. A most troublesome weed in cultivated ground throughout the state. Polyg'onuni sfaudeus, L. Climbing False Buckwheat. In thickets from the Missouri river eastward. Polygonum Sawachense, Small. Western Persicaria. Near Custer, in the Black Hills. Chenopodiace^. — The Goosefoot Family. Clienopodium album, L. Lamb's-quarter. Pigweed. A weed naturalized in waste places throughout the state. €henoi)0-eiiioiie alba, Lestib. White Prickly Poppy. In draws and on open plains in the foot-hills to the Black Hills, and ranging eastward nearly to the Missouri river. Sauguiuaria canadensis, L. Bloodroot. In damp, rich woods in the Minnesota region. Bicuculla cucullaria, (L.) Millsp. Dutchman's Breeches. Dicentra ciiaiUaria^ DC. In rich woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. 148 Capiioides aureiiiii, (Willd.) Kuntze. Golden Corydalis. Corydalis aiirca, Willd. In light soil in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. It was collected along a railroad embankment, and was possibly introduced from farther east. Capiioides ciirvisiliquin, (Englm.) Kuntze. Curved- fruited Corydalis. Corydalis curvisiliqua^ Englm. Common in the Black Hills. CrucifER.^. — Mustard Family. Staiileya piiiiiata, (Pursh.) Britton. Stanleya. On dry prairies in the Black Hills region. Lepidiuni virgiiiicuiii, L. Wild Pepper-grass. A weed in fields and roadsides in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Lepidiuiu apetaluin, Willd. Apetalous Pepper-grass. Lepidium intermedium^ Gray. A very abundant weed in cultivated fields and waste places from the Missouri river eastward, Lepidium iiicisuin, Roth. Cut-leaved Pepper-grass. Occurs rarely in the Black Hills. Tlialaspi arveiise, L. Field Pepper-grass. Sparingly introduced in the Sioux valley near Sioux Falls. Doubtless introduced from Manitoba, where it is a troublesome weed. Sisyinbriiim officinale, (L.) Scop. Hedge Mustard. A common weed in waste places from the Missouri river eastward, Sisyinbriiim altissiniiiin, L. Tumbling Mustard. A common and troublesome weed in the Minnesota valley, doubtless introduced from Assinoboia. Brassica nigra, (L.) Koch. Black Mustard. A common introduced weed in waste places. 149 Brassiea arveiisis, (L.) B. S, P. Wild Mustard. Brassica sinapisti'iini^ Bois. A troublesome weed in cultivated fields throughout the state, but more abundant in the eastern part. It is much more abundant and harder to eradicate in the bot- tom lands. Sinapsis alba, L. White Mustard. Brassica alba^ Bois. A weed in cultivated and waste places throughout the state. Roripa siiiiata, (Nutt.) A. S. Hitchcock. Spreading Yellow-cress. Occasional in low places from the Missouri valley eastward. Korii)a palustris, (L.) Bess. Marsh Water-cress. Nasturtium, pahistris^ DC. In low, wet places throughout the state. Roripa hispida, (Desv.) Britton. Hispid Yellow-cress. Nasturthini hispidhi^n^ DC. Occasional in low places from the Missouri valley eastward. Koripa iiastiirtiuin, (L.) Rusby. Water-cress. Nasturtium officinale^ R. Br. Naturalized near Hot Springs in the Black Hills. Koripa ariuoracia, (L.) A. S. Hitchcock's Horseradish. Nasturtium armoracia^ Fries. Sparingly introduced into the Sioux valley. Cardainine bulbosa, (Schreb.) B. S. P. Bulbous Cress. Cardamine rhomboida^ DC. In shallow water and low meadows in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Cardamine rotiindifolia, Michx. American Water-cress. In cold, springy bogs in the Minnesota region. Cardaiiiiiio prateiisis, (L.) Cuckoo-flower. Specimens collected in the cold springy swamp near Lake Traverse in the Minnesota region, one doubtfully referred to this species. Physaria didyinoearpa, (Hook.) Gray. Double Bladder- pod. On the dry plains east of the Black Hills. Lesquerella Spathulata, Rydberg. Low Bladder-pod. On dry knolls in the Black Hills and the surrounding plains. Lesquerella argentia areiiosa, (Richards.) Wats. Sil- very Bladder-pod. Vesicaria arenosa, Richards. In the Black Hills and the adjacent plains. Bursa Bursa-pastoris, (L.) Britton. Shepard's Purse. Caps el la Biirsa-pastoris, Medic. Sparingly introduced from the Missouri eastward and in the Black Hills. Cainelina sativa, (L.) False Flax. Occasional in flax fields and waste places in the Sioux valley and the Black Hills. Draba Caroliniaiia, Walt. Carolina Whitlow-grass. On dry, sandy knolls from the James valley westward. Draba Caroliniaiia luieraiitha, (Mott.) Gray. In the Black Hills. Draba iieiiiorasa, L. Wood Whitlow-grass. Occasional on sandy knolls in the Sioux valley and in the Black Hills. Draba aurea, Vahl. Golden Whitlow-grass. In the Black Hills. Sophia iiicisa, (Engelm.) Greene. Western Tansy Mus- tard. Sisy7nbrium incisum^ Engelm. Occasional throughout the state. Sophia Hartweji'iaiia, (Fourn.) Greene. Hastings' Tansy Mustard. Sisymbriiun Hartivegianuin^ Fourn. Common in dry soil in the Sioux valley. Arabis liirsuta, (L.) Scop. Hairy Rock-cress. On prairies in the Minnesota, Sioux and James val- leys and in the Black Hills. Arabis Canadensis, L. Sickle-pod. In open woods in the Minnesota valley. Arabis brachycarpa, (T. & G.) Britton. Purple Rock- cress. In woods in the Minnesota valley. Arabis g'labra, (L.) Bernh. Tower Mustard. Arabis perfoliata^ L. Occasional in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Arabis Horboellii, Hormen. Horboell's Rock-cress. In the Black Hills. Erysiuiuin cheiraiithoides, (Iv.) Treachle Mustard. In thickets in the vicinity of streams in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Erysimum iiuMnispicuum, (S. Wats.) MacM. Small Erysimum. In the Sioux valley and the Black Hills; not common. Erysimum Syrtiooluin, Sheldon. Sand Erysimum. In the Minnesota region, near Bigstone lake. Erysimum asperum, DC. Western Wall-flower. On dry soil from the Missouri valley westward. Matthiola fenestralis, Stock. There is a single specimen in the herbarium from Spring lake, Walworth county, with no note as to the extent to which it has become naturalized. 152 Coriiig'ia orieiitalis, (L.) Dumort. Hare's-ear Mustard. Sparingly introduced from the Missouri valley east- ward, becoming troublesome in some localities. Capparidace^. — Caper Family. Cleoiua serrulata, Pursh. Pink Cleome. Cleoma integifolia^ T. & G. From the Missouri valley westward; not abundant. Polanisia trachysperiua, T. & G. Clammy Weed. On sandy and gravelly shores throughout the state. Crassulace^. — Orpine Family. Seduiii stenopetalum, Pursh. Western Stone Crop. On dry, rocky knolls in the Black Hills. Pentlioruin secloides, L. Virginian Stone Crop. Along and in streams in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys; abundant. Saxifragace^. — Saxifrage Family. Saxifraga ceriiua, L. Nodding Saxifrage. Near Sylvan lake, in the Black Hills. Heiichera liispida, Pursh. Rough Heuchera, Alum-root. In thickets from the Missouri valley eastward, and in the Black Hills. Heuchera parviflora, Nutt. Small Flowered Alum-root. Near Rockford in the Black Hills. Parnassia Caroliniaiia, Michx. Grass of Parnassus. In cold swamps in the Minnesota region, and one station, near Elkton, in the Sioux valley. Pariiassia parviflora, DC. Small-flowered Grass ot Par- nassus. In cold swamps in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. 153 Telliiiia parvittora, Hook. Small-flowered Tellinia. lu the Black Hills, rare. Grossulariace.^. — Gooseberry Family. Kibes j»Tacile, Alichx. Missouri Gooseberry. Common iu woods and thickets from the Missouri val- ley eastward. Kibes oxyeanthoides, L. Northern Gooseberry. In the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Kibes laciistre, (Pers.) Poir. Swamp Gooseberry. In the Black Hills. Kibes Setosuiii, Lindl. Bristly Gooseberry. Common in the Black Hills and along streams in the adjoining plains. Kiber iloriduin, L'Her. Wild Black Currant. Very common along streams from the Missouri valley eastward. Kibes cereuni, Dougl. Squaw Currant. Common in the "draws" and canons in the Black Hills and the adjacent plains. Doubtless extending eastward nearly to the Missouri river. Kibes aiireum, Pursh. Golden or Buffalo Currant. In thickets and along streams from the Missouri val- ley westward. Rosacea. — Rose Family. Opulaster opulifolius, (L) Kuntze. Ninebark. Common in the Black Hills. Opulaster luoiioj'-yiia, (Torr.) Kuntze. Small-flowered Ninebark. In the Black Hills and the adjacent plains. 154 Spirsea salicifolia, h. Willow-leaved Meadowsweet. In moist g^round in the Minnesota valley, and in the Sioux valley near Sioux Falls. Spiraea lucida, Dougl. Corymbed Spiraea. Spircca beiiilijolia^ Hook. On banks in the Black Hills. Liietkea cjpspetosa, (Nutt.) Kuntze. Tufted Meadow- sweet. Spwcea ccEspitosa^ Nutt. In the Black Hills. Kubiis parviflorus, Nutt. Salmon-berry. Rubles 7iutkamis^ Mocino. In the Black Hills. Kubus strig-osus, Michx. Red Raspberry. Along streams and in rocky places throughout the state. Rubus oecideiitalis, L. Black Raspberry. From the Missouri river eastward. In general it is not as common as the last, especially rare in the Missouri valley. Kubus Ainericanus, (Pers.) Britton. Dwarf Raspberry. Rubiis trifiorus^ Richards. In cold swamps in the Minnesota region and in the Black Hills. Fragaria Virj»-iuiaiia, Duchesne. Strawberry. In rather low ground throughout the state, but not abundant. Frag-aria Americana, (Porter.) Britton. Wood Straw- berry. Indian Strawberry. Frag aria lesca Americana, Porter. In woods in the Minnesota region, and in the Black Hills. Potentilla arg-uta, Pursh. Tall Cinquefoil, On dry prairies throughout the state. 155 Poteiitilla iiivea dissecta, Wats. Snowy Cinquefoil. A rare plant, occurring in the Black Hills near Hot Springs. Poteiitilla Moiispelieiisis, h. Rough Cinquefoil. Potentilla Norvegica^ L. In dry soils throughout the state. Poteiitilla leucocarpa, Rydberg. Diffuse Cinquefoil. Potentilla rivalis millegrania^ S. Wats. In the Black Hills and the Sioux valley. Potentilla paradoxa, Nutt. Bushy Cinquefoil. Potentilla siipina^ Michx. In sandy soil throughout the state; not abundant. Potentilla Hippiana, Lehm. Woully Cinquefoil. Occurs only in the Black Hills. Potentilla hippiana ditfiisa, (Gray.) Lehm, Occurs with the type in the Black Hills. Potentilla Pennsylvanica, L. Prairie Cinquefoil. On prairies from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Potentilla friiiticosa, L. Shrubby Cinquefoil. In moist, rocky places in the Black Hills. Potentilla anserina, L. Silver-weed, In alkaline places from the Missouri river eastward. Potentilla glandnlosa, Lindl. Glandular Cinquefoil. In the Black Hills. Potentilla g-racilis, Dougl. Slender Cinquefoil. In the Black Hills. Potentilla graeilis fastig:iata, (Nutt.) Wats. Near Rockford in the Black Hills. Potentilla coneiniia, Richards. Elegant Cinquefoil. Near Custer in the Black Hills. Potentilla coneinna hnniistrata, Ryd. In the Black Hills, in the vicinity of Deadwood. ^5^ Geuiii ciliatiiiii, Pursh. Long-plumed Purple Avens. Geum trijiorum^ Pursh, On prairies and in thickets throughout the state. Geuiii Canadensis, Jacq. ■ White Avens. In woods and thickets from the Missouri river east- ward. Geiim Virginianuni, L. Rough Avens. In low ground in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Geum 3IacrophylIuni, Willd. Large-leaved Avens. Near Rockford in the Black Hills. Geuni strictuin, Ait. Yellow Avens. Occasional throughout the state. Cercoearpus parvifolius, H. & A. Small-leaved cerco- carpus. On dry, rocky knolls in the Black Hills. AgToniinia hirsnta', (Muhl.) Becknell. Hairy Agrimonia. Agrhnonia eupatoria hirsnta^ Muhl. In thickets in the Minnesota and James valley and in the Black Hills. Agrimonia parviflora, Soland. Many-flowered Agri- monia. Occasional in woods and thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Kosa blancla, Ait. Meadow Rose. In thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Kosa acicularis. Prickly Rose. Abundant in the Black Hills. Rosa wooclesii, Lindl. Wood Rose. From the James valley westward, common only in the Black Hills. Pomaces. — Apple Family. Sorbns sambncif'olia, (C. & S.) Roeni. Western Moun- tain Ash. 157 Pyriis sambucifolia^ C. &. S. Doubtfully reported by Dr. Rydberg as occurring near Sturgis in the Black Hills. Aiuelancliier Canadensis, (L. ) Media. June Berry, Ser- vice Berry. Along the Sioux river near Sioux Falls. Amelaneliier rotnndifolia, (Michx.) Roem. Round- leaved June Berry. Amelanchier Canadensis rotundifolia^ T. & G. In woods and thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Amelanchier alnifolia, Nutt. Northwestern June Berry. Amelanchier Canadensis alnifolia^ T. & G. In thickets and on dry knolls from the James valley westward; common. Crataegus macracantlia, Lodd. Long Spined Thorn- apple. CratcEgus coccinea macracantka^ Dudley. Common in thickets in the Minnesota, Sioux^ and James valleys, and in the Black Hills. Cratseg-ns mollis, (T. & G.) Scheele. Red-fruited Thorn. Cratcsgus tomentora mollis^ Gray. Occasional in thickets in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. Drupace^. — Plum Family. Prnnns Americana, Marsh. Wild Plum. Very abundant in thickets in the vicinity of lakes and streams throughout the state. Prvmns Besseyi, Bailey. Western Sand Cherry. On bluffs and banks of streams from the James valley westward. Prnnus Fennsylvanica, L. F. Pin Cherry or Wild Red Cherry. This species has only been reported from the Black Hills. ^58 Priimis Virgiiiiaiia, L. Choke Cherry. Along streams and lakes throughout the state. Pruiius (leniissa, (Nutt.) Walp. Western Wild Cherry. Along streams from the Missouri valley westward. Primus serotiiia, Ehrh. Black Cherry. Rare in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. MiMOSACE^. — Mimosa Family. Acuaii lUiiioensis, (Michx.) Kuntze. DesmantJms brachylobiis^ Benth . On sandy or rocky banks of streams and lakes; occa- sional in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. Moroiig-ia unciiiata, (Willd.) Britton. Sensitive-brier. Schrankia icncinaia^ Willd. In dry soil from the Missouri valley westward. C^SALPiNACE^. — Senna Family. Cercis Canadensis, ly. Red -bud. This species is reported by Engelman to be found at the mouth of the Sioux river. It has not yet been col- lected there or elsewhere in the state. If it reaches our southeastern limit it must be quite rare. Cassia clianirpcrista, L. Sensitive Pea. In the southern part of the Sioux and James valleys, near Sioux Falls, Elk Point and Yankton. (xleditsia triacanthos, L. Sweet Locust. Along the Sioux river in the extreme southeastern county, Union county. Oyninocladus dioica, (L ) Koch. Kentucky Coffee-tree. Along the Missouri river in the two southeastern counties, Clay and Union. Papiluonace^. — Pea Family. Sopliora serieea, Nutt. Silky Sophora. On prairies from the Missouri valley westward. 159 Theriiiopsis rhoiiibifolia, (Nutt) Richards. Prairie Thermopsis. On banks and in draws from the Missouri valley west- ward, Crotalaria sagitalis, L. Rattle-box. On prairies in the southern part of the state, east of the Missouri river; Union, Clay, Yankton and Charles Mix counties. Lupiiius sericeus, Pursh. Woolly Lurea, (Vent.) MacM. Violet Prairie Clover. Petalstemon violacens^ Michx. Common throughout the state; especially abundant in sandy or gravelly soils. Kulinistera villosa, (Nutt.) Kuntze. Hairy Prairie Clover. Petalstemon villosus^ Nutt. In the Bad Lands, east of the Black Hills. Astragalus crassicarjius, Nutt. Buffalo Pea, Ground Plum. Astragalus caryocarpus^ Ker. Very common on prairies throughout the state. l62 Astras'Jvlus Mexicaniis, DC. Larger Ground Plum. In the Sioux valley, near Brookings. Astrag-alus Platteiisis, Nutt. Platte Milk Vetch. In the Sioux valley near Sioux Falls, and in the Black Hills. Astraj»aliis Caroliiiiaiius, L. Carolina Milk Vetch. Astragalus Canadensis, L/ In sandy soil and waste places in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Astrag^alus adsurgeiis, Pall. Ascending Milk Vetch. On prairies throughout the state. Astragalus hypog'lottis, L. Cock's-head. Abundant from the Missouri valley eastward, and in the Black Hills. Astragalus Druinmoiidii, Dougl. Drummond's Milk Vetch. In the Black Hills, near Hot Springs. Astragalus racemosus, Pursh. Racemose Milk Vetch, Abundant in heavy soils from the Missouri river west- ward; occasional in the James valley. Astragalus bisulcatus, (Hook.) Gray. Grooved Milk Vetch. In the foot-hills of the Black Hills, and in the adjoin- ing plains. Astragalus lotiflorus, Hook. Low Milk Vetch. In the Black Hills and on the adjoining plains. Astragalus Missourieusis, Nutt. Missouri Milk Vetch. From the Missouri valley westward; common on dry banks and hills. Astragalus gracilis, Nutt. Slender Milk Vetch. In dry ground in the Minnesota region, and near Hot Springs in the Black Hills. Astragalus niicrolobus, Gray. Notched Milk Vetch. Common in the Black Hills. 1 63 Astragalus fit^xuosus, (Hook.) Dougl. Flexile Milk Vetch. On dry soils throughout the state. Astrag-alus aborig-iiiuin, Richards. Indian Milk Vetch. Near Deadwood, in the Black Hills. Astragalus aborigiuuwi glaberiusculus, (Hook.) Ryd- berg. Indian Milk Vetch. In the Black Hills. Astragalus alpiuus, L. Alpine Milk Vetch. In woods in the Black Hills. Astragalus coiivallarius, Greene. Near Bull Spriugs in the Black Hills. Pliaca Americana, (Hook.) Rydberg. Arctic Milk Vetch. Phaca frigida Ainericana^ Hook. On low ground in thickets in the Black Hills and the adjacent plains. Honialobus tenellus, (Pursh.) Britton. Loose-flowered Milk Vetch. Astragalus tenellus^ Pursh. Honialobus iiioutanus, (Nutt.) Britton. Prickly Milk Vetch. Astragalus Kentrophyta^ A. Gray. In the Bad Land region, east of the Black Hills. Honialobus esespitosus, Nutt. Tufted Milk Vetch. Astragalus ccBspitosus, A. Gray. In dry soils in the Black Hills, and in the adjacent plains region. Oropliaca ca^spitosa, (Nutt.) Britton. Sessile-flowered Milk Vetch. Astragalus cccspitosa^ Nutt. In dry soils from the Missouri river westward. Spiesia Laniberti, (Pursh.) Kuntze. Loco-weed. Oxytropis Laniberti^ Pursh. Abundant on high ground throughout the state. 164 8piesia Lamberti sericca, (Niitt.) Rydberg. Oxytropus sej'icea^ Nntt. Throughout the state, but more abundant from the Missouri valley westward, Spiesia viscida, (Nntt.) Kuntze. Viscid Loco-weed. Common near Custer in the Black Hills. Glycyrrhiza lepidota, Pursh. Wild Licorice. Buffalo Burr. Very abundant in low ground throughout the state. Hedysaruin Ainericanuiii, (Michx.) Britton. Hedy- sarum. In the Black Hills near Rockford. Meibomia graiidiflora, (Walt.) Kuntze. Broad-leaved Tick-trefoil. Desmodium acimmiatimi^ Michx. In woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and up the Missouri valley to Yankton. Meibomia Illiiioeiisis, (A. Gray.) Kuntze. Illinois Tick- trefoil. Desmodium Illinoense^ A. Gray. Common in thickets and low prairies in the Minnesota valley. Lespedeza capitata, Michx. Round-headed Bush Clover. In low, sandy soil in the southern part of the Sioux valley; Sioux Falls and Elk Point; up the Missouri to Yankton. Vicia Ainerieaiia, ]\Iuhl. American Vetch. In woods and thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and the Black Hills. Vicia Ainericaiia truncata, (Nutt.) Brewer. Vicia truncata^ Nutt. In or near low ground throughout the state. Vicia linearis, (Nutt.) Greene. Narrow-leaved Vetch. Vicia Americana linearis^ S. Wats. Common on dry prairies throughout the state. i65 Vicia sativa, L. Vetch. Tare. Introduced into waste or cultivated fields in the Sioux valley. Latliyrus venosvis, Muhl. Veiny Pea, Wild Pea. On shady banks of streams and lakes in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Latliyrus palustris, L. Marsh Vetchling. In low, moist ground from the Missouri river eastward. Latliyrus ornatus, Nutt. Showy Vetchling. On banks and bluflfs from the Missouri valley west- ward. Latliyrus ocliroleucus, Hook. Cream-colored Vetchling. Abundant in the Black Hills. Faloata coiiiosa, (L.) Kuntze. Hog Peanut. Amphicarpa monoica^ BH. Near Rapid City in the Black Hills. Falcata Pitclieri, (T. & G.) Kuntze. Pitcher's Hog Peanut. Amphicarpa Pitcheri^ T. & G, In rich woods in the Minnesota valley. Apois apois, (L.) McM, Groundnut. Apois tuberosa^ Moench. In woods and thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Stropliostyles lielvola, (L.) Britton. Trailing Wild Bean. Strophostyles angulosa^ Ell. On shady banks of streams and lakes from the Mis- souri valley eastward; not common. Strophostyles pauciflora, (Benth.) S. Wats. Small Wild Bean. On banks of streams and lakes in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. 1 66 Geraniace^. — Geranium Family. Oeraiiium coliiiiibiniiiu, L. Long-stalked Crane's Bill. In the southern part of the Missouri valley; Charles Mix county. Geranium Caroliiiiaimm, L. Carolina Crane's Bill. In the Black Hills and the southern part of the Mis- souri valley. Geraniuiu disseetiiin, L. Cut-leaved Crane's Bill. A native of Europe; near Rapid City in the Black Hills; rare. Geranium Kicliardsonii, Fisch. & Meyers. Richard- son's Crane's Bill. The common species in the Black Hills. Geranium viscosissimum, Fisch. & Meyers. Viscid Crane's Bill. Occasional in the Black Hills. OxALiDACE^. — Wood-sorrel Family. Oxalis violacea, L. Violet Wood-sorrel. In low places in thickets and in open prairies in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. Oxalis strict a, L. Upright Yellow Wood- sorrel. In thickets and on prairies from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. lyiNACE^. — Flax Family. liinuni Lewisii, Pursh. Lewis' Wild Flax. In the Black Hills. Linum sulcatum, Riddell. Grooved Yellow Flax. In dry soil in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. Linum rigiclum, Pursh. Large-flowered Yellow Flax. Common on dry prairies throughout the state. 167 RuTACE.^. — Rue Family. Xuntlioxyluin America 11 11 m, Mill. Prickl}' Ash. lu woods along streams and bordering lakes from the Missouri valley- eastward. POLYGALACE^. — Milkwort Family. Polygala verticillata, L. Whorled Milkwort, On bluffs and prairies throughout the state. Polygala senega latifolia, T. & G. Common in the northern part of the Black Hills. Polyg-ala alba, Nutt. White Milkwort. Common from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. EuPHORBiACE^. — Spurge Family. Crotoii Texensis, (Klotzsch.) Muell. Texas Croton. Common in dry, sandy soils from the Missouri valley westward. Euphorbia petaloidea, Engelm. White-flowered Spurge. In sandy soil from the Missouri valley westward to the Black Hills. Euphorbia Geyeri, Engelm. & Gray. Geyer's Spuige. In dry soils from the Missouri valley westward. Euphorbia serpyllifolia, Pers. Thyme-leaved Spurge. Common in the Minnesota, Sioux, and James valleys. Euphorbia serpens, H. B. K. Round-leaved Spurge. In the southern Missouri valley; Charles Mix county. Euphorbia Cxlyptospernia, Engelm. Ridge-seeded Spurge. In dry soils throughout the state; the most common species. Euphorbia niaculata, L. Milk Purslane. In the Sioux and James valleys. 1 68 Euphorbia stictospora, Engelm. Narrow-seeded Spurge. Common in dry soils from the Missouri valley west- ward. Euphorbia nutans, Lag. Upright Spotted Spurge. Etiphorbia preslii^ Guss. In the Sioux, James and Missouri valleys, especially the eastern part. Euphorbia hexagona, Nutt. Angled Spurge. In dry soils from the Missouri valley westward. EviphorT)ia niarginata, Pursh. White Margined Spurge. Along the Missouri river in the southern part of the state and thence westward. Euphorbia dentata, Michx. Toothed Spurge. In the southern part of the Missouri valley, Charles Mix county, and in the Black Hills. Euphorbia heterophylla, L. Various-leaved Spurge. In the southern part of the Sioux and Missouri val- leys; near Sioux Falls, Yankton and Running Water. Euphorbia dictyospornia, F. & M. Reticulate-seeded Spurge. In the James valley near Aberdeen, and from thence westward. Euphorbia robusta, (Engelm.) Small. Rocky Mountain Spurge. Euphorbia mountain robusta^ Engelm. Along the Cheyenne river and in the Black Hills; probably ranging from the Missouri valley westward. Callitrichace^. — Water Starwort Family. Callitriche palustris, L. Water Fennel. Common in clear, cold streams throughout the state. Callitriche bifida, (L.) Morong. Autumnal Starwort. Callitriche aiitiDunalis^ L. In running water in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. 169 Anacardiace.E. — Sumac Family. Klius liirta, (L.) Sndw. Staghorn Sumac. Rhus typhi na, L. Collected but once in the southern part of the Missouri valley, in Charles Mix county. Rhus glabra, L. Smooth Sumac. Common on bluffs and banks of streams from the Mis- souri valley eastward, and in the Black Hills. Khiis trilobata, Nutt. Skunkbush. On dry bluffs and hills from the Missouri valley west- ward, common; many specimens have very pubescent leaflets. Khus radioaiis, L. Poison Oak. Poison Ivy. In woods and thickets throughout the state. Celastrace.^. — Staff-tree Family. Eiionymus atropurpureous, Jacq. Burning Bush. Wahoo. Occasional in woods in the Sioux valley, and up the Missouri river into Charles Mix county. Celastrus scaiiclens, L. Bittersweet. Common in woods and thickets throughout the state. AcERACE^. — Maple Family. Acer saccharinum, L. Silver Maple. Soft Maple. Acer dasycarpiim^ Ehrh. Extends up the Sioux river to Flandreau and up the Missouri river to the western edge of Union county — the southeastern county. Acer saccliaruni, Marsh. Sugar Maple. Rock Maple. Acer sacchariDH^ Wang. Abundant in coulees and ravines, containing a clear spring creek, at the headwaters of the Little Minnesota river. There are some ten coulees extending from one 1 70 to three miles back into the coteaus iu which the sugar maple is abundant. Many of the trees are sixty to seventy feet high and eight to ten feet in circumference. As soon as the creek emerges from the hills into the open prairie all the trees except the white elm, box elder and two willows disappear. The coulees are nar- row and deep, and the banks are lined with springs which furnish a constant supply of water. The southern- most coulee in which maples were found is one-half mile south of Sisseton Agency. Acer Neg-untlo, ly. Box Elder. Ash-leaved Maple. Abundant along lakes and streams throughout the state. Balsaminace^. — Jewel-weed Family. Impatiens biflora, Walt. Spotted Touch-me-not. Impatietis /iilva. In damp woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Impatiens aurea, Muhl. Pale Touch-me-not. Impatiens pallida^ Nutt. In moist woods in the Minnesota valley. Rhamnace^. — Buckthorn Family. CeaiiotliuH velutiiius, Dougl. Velvety Redroot. In the Black Hills near Lead City. Ceanothiis Fenclleri, Gray. Fendler's Redroot. Common in limestone districts in the Black Hills. ViTACE^. — Grape Family. Vitis Vulpiiia, L. Riverside Grape. l/itis T'iparia, Michx. Common along streams and bordering lakes from the Missouri river eastward. Partheiioeissiiw quiiiquefolia, (L.) Planch. False Vir- ginia Creeper. Woodbine. 171 AjHpelopsis quinquefolia^ Michx. Common in same habitat as the last, the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. TiLiJACE^. — I/inden Family. Tilia Amerioaiia, L. Basswood. American Linden. Along streams and bordering lakes in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys; up the Missouri valley to Running Water. Malvace^. — Mallow Family. Malva Sylvestris, L. High Mallow. Sparingly introduced into waste places in the Sioux valley near Brookings. Malva rotuiidifolia, L. Cheese's Running Mallow. A naturalized weed in waste places in the Sioux val- ley and southern Missouri valley. Malva vertieillatJi crispa, L. Whorled Mallow. In waste places in the Sioux valley. Malvastruni eoccineum, (Pursh.) A. Gray. Red Mallow. Common on dry prairies from the James valley west- ward. Abiitilou abutilon, (L.) Rusby. Indian Mallow. Abutilon avicenncE^ Gaertn. An introduced weed in the southeastern part of the state. Hibiscus trioiiiim, L. Venice Mallow. Flower-of-an- hour. In waste places along the Sioux valley in Union county, and up the Missouri valley to Chamberlain, Brule county. Hypericace^. — St. Johnswort Family. Hypericum Canadense, L. Canadian St. Johnswort. In low ground in the Minnesota valley, and in the Black Hills. 172 Elatinace^. — Waterwort Family. Ehitiiie triandra, Schk. Long-stemmed Waterwort. In mud on margins of ponds and rivers in the Minne- sota valley; in the Missouri valley in Walworth county^ and in White river in the plains region. CiSTACE^. — Rock Rose Family. Heliaiitheniuiu iiia.jiis, (L.) B. S. P. Hoary Frostweed. On roadsides east of Custer in the Black Hills. ViOLACE^. — Violet Family. Viola petlatifida, Don. Prairie Violet. On prairies in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys, and in the Black Hills. Viola ol)liqua, Hill. Meadow Violet. Viola ciiciillata^ Ait. Mostly along streams or in the shady places from the Missouri river eastward, and in the Black Hills. Viola pedata, L. Bird's-foot Violet. On prairies in the Minnesota valley near Bigstone Lake. Viola paliistrls, L. Marsh Violet. In moist soil near Sylvan Lake in the Black Hills. Viola blanda, Willd. Sweet White Violet. In damp ground in the Black Hills. Viola Nvittallii, Pursh. Nuttall's Violet. On prairies from the James valley westward through- out the state. Viola pubesceiis, Ait. Hairy Yellow Violet. In rich woods in Union county in the Sioux valley,^ and in the Black Hills. Most of the specimens referred to this species belong to the next. Viola scabriuscula, (T. & G.) Schwein. Smoothish Yel- low Violet. Viola pubescens scabriiisciila^ T. & G. In rich woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. Viola Canadensis, L. Canadian Violet. Abundant in rich woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. Viola areiiaria, Dc. Sand Violet. In dry soils in the Black Hills, near Rapid City. Viola caiiina adimca, Gray. In the Black Hills. LoASACE^. — Loasa Family. Mentzelia olig-osi>eriua, Nutt. Few-seeded Mentzelia. Occasional in the Black Hills; more common in the adjacent plains. Mentzelia niida, (Pursh.) T. & G. Bractless Mentzelia. A rare plant, reported only for the Black Hills. Mentzelia decapetala, (Pursh.) Urban & Gilg. Showy Mentzelia. Mentzelia ornata^ T. & G. Common in dry soils from the Missouri westward. Cactace^. — Cactus Family. Opuntia liiiinifiisa, Raf. Western Prickly Pear. Opuntia Rafinesqun, Engelm. In the Black Hills and the adjacent plains region. Opnntia frag'ilis, (Nutt.) Haw. Brittle Opuntia. In the Black Hills; rare. Cactus Missoviriensis, (Sweet.) Kuntze. Missouri Cactus. Maniillaria Missouriensis^ Sweet. On bluffs, knolls and plains from the Missouri river westward. Cactus viviparus, Nutt. Purple Cactus. Mamillaria vivipara^ Haw. From the Missouri valley westward. 174 Elaeagnace^. — Oleaster Family. Elaeagiius argeiitea, Pursh. Silver Berry. In limestone districts in the Black Hills. Leparg-yra'a Canadensis, (L.) Greene. Canadian Buffalo Berry. Shepherdia Canadensis^ Nutt. Occasional trom the Missouri river to the Black Hills 4 L.eparg-yrjpa arg-eiitea, (Nutt.) Greene. Buffalo Berry. Shepherdia argentea^ Nutt. Common on bluffs and in thickets from the Missouri valley westward; occasional on bluffs in coulees in the Minnesota valley. IvYTHRACE-S;. — Loosestrife Family. Auimania cocciiiea, Rottb. Long-leaved Ammannia. In swampy ground from the Missouri valley eastward. Lythrum alatuin, Pursh. Wing-angled Loosestrife. Occasional in low ground from the Missouri valley eastward. Onagrace^. — Evening Primrose Family. Cliaiufeiierioii aiigustifoliuiii, (L.) Scop. Fireweed. Great Willow Herb. Epilobium angustifolium^ L. In open woods in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Epilobium liiieare, Muhl. Linear-leaved Willow Herb. In swamps in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. Epilobium paiiiculatum, Nutt. Panicled Willow Herb. Occurs in the Black Hills. Epilobium coloratum, Muhl. Purple-leaved Willow Herb. In low ground in the Minnesota valley. 175 Epilobiimi adenocauloii, Haussk. Northern Willow Herb. In moist ground throughout the state. Epilobium Horiieiuanni, Rerchenb. Hornemann's Wil- low Herb. Near Sips Springs in the Black Hills. Epilobivim Drviiuiuondii, Kansk. Drummond's Willow Herb. In the limestone district in the Black Hills. Onagra biennis, (L.) Scop. Evening Primrose. CEtiothera biennis^ L. Common throughout the state. (Enotliera laciniata, Hill. Sinuate-leaved Evening Primrose. CEnothera sinuata^ I^. In the Black Hills; rare. Anog-ra albicaulis, (Pursh.) Britton. Prairie Evening Primrose. CEnothera albicaulis^ Pursh. Occasional in low ground throughout the state. Anogra coronopifolia, (T. &. G.) Britton. Cut-leaved Evening Primrose. CEnothera coronopifolia^ T. & G. In the Black Hills and on the adjacent plains. Anogra pallida leptophylla, (Nutt.) CEnothera pallida leptophylla^ (Nutt.) T. & G. CEnothera leptophylla^ Nutt. Occasional in the Black Hills, Pachyloplius ctespitosa, (Nutt.) Raimann. Scapose Primrose. CEnothera ccespitosa^ (Nutt.) In "gumbo soils" from the Missouri valley westward; common. Meriolix serrulata, (Nutt.) Walp. Tooth-leaved Primrose. 176 QZnothera serriilata^ Nutt, In dry soils throughout the state. Cxaura parviflora, Dougl. Small-flowered Gaura. In dry soil from the Missouri valley westward. (iraura eoccinea, Pursh. Scarlet Gaura. In dry prairies throughout the state; more common in the James and Missouri valleys. Gayopliytoii rainosissiniuiii, T. & G. Bushy Gay- ophyton. On dry knolls in the Black Hills and the adjacent plains. Circa^a Lutetiaiia, L. Enchanter's Nightshade. In damp woods in the Minnesota valley and the Black Hills. Circfea alpiiia, L. Alpine Enchanter's Nightshade. In moist woods in the Black Hills. Haloragidace^. — Water Millfoil Family. Hipi>uris vulgaris, L. Bottle Brush. In shallow water in the Sioux valley and locally in the Missouri valley; Faulkton. Myriophylluin spicatuin, L. Spiked Water Millfoil. Common in lakes and slow streams in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. Myriophyllvim verticillatiim, L. Whorled Water Mill- foil. In the Minnesota and Sioux valleys; not common. Myriophylluin lieteropliylluni, Michx. Various-leaved Water Millfoil. In slow running water in the Sioux valley; rare. Araliace.E. — Ginseng Family. Aralia raccniosa, L. American Spikenard. In rich woods in the Minnesota valley. 177 Aralia iiudicaulis, L. Wild Sarsaparilla. On shady banks in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. UmbeIv.LIFER^. — Carrot Family, Umbelworts. Daucus carrot a, h. Wild Carrot. Sparingly naturalized in the Minnnesota and Sioux valleys, Heraeleuiii laiiatum, Michx. Cow Parsnip. In woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. Fastiiiaea sativa, L. Wild Parsnip. Escaped near Rapid City, in the Black Hills. Peucedaiium nudicaule, (Pursh.) Nutt. White-flowered Parsley. In dry soil from the Missouri valley eastward, common. Peucedaiuiiii foeiiicvilaceiiiii, Nutt. Fennel-leaved Parsley. In the James and Missouri valleys and along the White river; not common. Peucedaniiin villosuni, Nutt. Hairy Parsley. In dry, clay, soils from the James valley westward; common. Cymopteriis acaulis, (Pursh.) Rydberg. Plain Cymop- terus, Cy^nopteriis glomeratus^ Raf. On dry knolls from the Missouri valley westward. Cyinopterus inontaiiiis, T. & G. Mountain Cymopterus. In the Black Hills and the adjacent plains. Eryngiiiiii aquaticum, L. Button Snakeroot. In the Sioux valley near Sioux Falls; rare. Saiiicula Marylandica, L. Black Snakeroot. In woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys; com- mon. Saniciila canadensis, L. Short-styled Snakeroot. Sanicula Marylandica canadensis^ Torr. In the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Mnsineon divaricatnni, (Pursh.) Nutt. Leafy Musineon. In "gumbo soils" from the Missouri valley westward; common. Mnsineon tennitbliuni, Nutt. Scapose Musineon. In the Black Hills; common. Mnsineon trachyspernia, Nutt. Near Hermosa in the Black Hills. Washingtonia Claytoni, (Michx.) Britton. Wooly Sweet Cicely. Osmorrhiza brevistylis, DC. In the Minnesota and the southern part of the Sioux valleys (Union Co.); rare. Washingtonia longistylis, (Tott.) Britton. Smoother Sweet Cicely. Osmorrhiza longistylis^ Torr. In rich woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Washingtonia nnda, (Torr.) Western Sweet Cicely. Osmorrhiza nuda^ Torr. In the Black Hills, not common. Sinni cicntiefolinni, Gmel. Hemlock Water Parsnip. In swamps from the Missouri valley eastward. Zizia anrea, (L.) Koch. Golden Meadow Parsnip. Abundant in low prairies from the Missouri valley eastward. Zizia cordata, (Walt.) DC. Heart-leaved Alexander. On low prairies in the Minnesota and Sioux val- leys and in the Black Hills. Less common than the last. 179 Cariiiii carui, h. Caraway. Sparingly introduced in the Sioux valley and in the Black Hills. Cariiin Gairdiieri, (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook. Gairdner's Caraway. Reported by Dr. Gray for the Black Hills. Cicuta iiiaeulata, L. Water Hemlock. In swamps and streams from the Missouri valley east- ward, and in the Black Hills. Cicuta bulbifera, L. Bulb-bearing Water Hemlock. In a cold spring swamp near Elkton in the extreme eastern part of the Sioux valley. Deriiig'ia canadensis, (L.) Kuntze. Hone wort. CryptotcEnia canadensis^ L. In rich woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Bernla erecta, (Huds.) Coville. Cut-leaved Water Pars- nip. Benila augustifolia^ Mert. & Kock. In swamps in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Bupleuruni rotnndifoliuni, L. Modesty. Introduced into the Sioux valley in grass seed. CoRNACEJB. — Dogwood Family. Cornns canadensis, L. Dwarf Cornel. In damp woods in the Black Hills. Cornns Bailey i, Coult. & Evans. Bailey's Dogwood. In the Black Hills. Cornns asperifolia, Michx. Rough-leaved Dogwood. Along the Missouri river and in the southern part of the state, Union, Clay and Yankton counties. Cornns stolonifera, Michx. Red Osier. In thickets along streams and bordering lakes through- out the state. ]8o Coriius aiiioiiiini, Mill. Silky Cornel. Cor mis sej'icea^ L. Along the Missouri river in Yankton and Charles Mix counties. Pyrolace^. — Wintergreen Family. Pyrola rotuiidifolia, L. Round-leaved Wintergreen. In woods in the Black Hills, Lead City. Pyrola Elliptica, Nutt. Shin-leaf. On shady hillsides in the Black Hills, Pyrola chlorantlia, Sw. Greenish-flowered Wintergreen. In woods in the Black Hills. Pyrola secuiida, L. One-sided Wintergreen. In deep shady ravines in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Pyrola rotuiidifolia bract eat a, (Nutt.) Gray. In a cold bog near Sylvan lake in the Black Hills. MONOTROPACE^. — Indian Pipe Family. Pterospora aiidroiuedea, Nutt. Pine Drops. In woods in the Black Hills; Custer and Rapid City. Moiiotropa uiiiiiora, L. Indian Pipe. In deep, wooded ravines in the Minnesota valley; Rob- erts county. Ericace^. — Heath Family. Arctostapliylos iiva-iirsi, Spreng. Red Bearberry. On dry knolls in the Black Hills, and in the adjacent plains; Custer, and the Bad Lands. Vaccineace^E. — Huckleberry Family. Vacciiiiuiu iiiyrtillus luicrophylliiiii, Hook. Bilberry, Whortleberry. In the Black Hills. i8r PrimuIvACE-.^. — Primrose Family. Androsace occidentalis, Pursh. Androsace. In dry soils from the Missouri valley eastward ; com- mon. Androsace septeiitrioiialis, L. Mountain Androsace. In the Black Hills, Custer. Androsace septentrionalis snbulifera, Gray. In the foothills of the Black Hills; near Rapid City. Steironema cilianin, (L.) Raf. Fringed Loosestrife. Lysimachia ciliata^ L. In damp thickets from the Missouri valley eastward, and in the Black Hills; common. Nannibergia tlirysiflora, (L.) Duby. Tufted Loosestrife. Lysimachia thyrsiflora^ L. In cold spring bogs in the Minnesota valley near Elk- ton in the Sioux valley, and in the Black Hills. Centnnculns minimns, L. Chaffweed. In the upper Missouri valley, (Walworth and Potter counties) and the Black Hills. Dodecatlieon media, L. Shooting Star, American Cow- slip. On moist banks in the Black Hills; Rapid City, and Custer. Oleace^. — Olive Family. Fraxinns lanceolata, Borck. Green Ash. Fraximis viridus^ Michx. F. Abundant along streams and bordering lakes through- out the state. Fraxinns Pennsylvanicus, Marsh. Red Ash. Fraximis pubescens^ Lam. With the last throughout the state and rather more common. l82 Fraxiiius Ainericaiia, L. White Ash. This has been repeatedly reported for this state, but the most authentic account of it in the state is the fol- lowing from Prof. Williams' note book: "Twigs sent by Mr. Jones from Sioux Falls to Dr. Trelease were pro- nounced to be this species." If it occurs in the Minne- sota or Sioux regions it is exceedingly rare, as for two summers special effort has been made to detect it. Gentianace^. — Gentian Family. Gentiana detonsa, Rottb. Fringed Gentian. Gentiana serrata^ Gunner. In cold spring bogs in the Minnesota valley; one sta- tion in the Sioux valley; Elkton. Gentiana acuta, Michx, Northern Gentian. Getitiana amarella aciita^ Herder. Near Custer in the Black Hills. Gentiana puberula, Michx. Downy Gentian. Common on prairies in the Minnesota and Sioux val- leys. Gentiana Andrewsii, Griseb. Closed Gentian. In low places in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys; common. Frasera speciosa, Dougl. Showy Frasera. On dry, barren knolls in the Black Hills. Tetragonantluis deflexus, (J. E. Smith.) Kuntze. Spurred Gentian. Swertia deflexa, J. E. Smith. In woods in the Black Hills. MenyanThace^. — Buckbean Family. Menyantlies trifoliata, L. Buckbean. Bogbean. in a cold spring bog near Elkton in the Sioux valley. 1 83 Apocynace^. — Dogbane Family. Apocyiiuin androsji^miioliuiii, L. Spreading Dogbane. In thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Apocynuiii caiiiiabiimiu, L. Indian Hemp. On dry banks from the Missouri valley eastward. AsCLEPiADACE^. — Milkweed Family. Asclepias tiiberosa, h. Pleurisy Root. Butterfly Weed. In thickets in the southern part of the Sioux valley; Union county. Asclepias incariiata, L. Swamp Milkweed. In swamps from the Missouri valley eastward. Asclepias syriaca, L. Common Milkweed. Asclepias Cornuti^ Dec. On prairies and in thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Asclepias speciosa, Torr. Showy Milkweed. In low ground in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Asclepias ovalifolia, Dec. Oval-leaved Milkweed. On prairies in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills; rare. Asclepias verticillata, L. Whorled Milkweed. Common on banks and prairies from the Missouri val- ley eastward. Asclepias puniila, (Gray.) Vail. Low Milkweed. Asclepias verticillata pumila^ Gray. Common on the dry plains from the Missouri valley westward, seems to replace the last. Acerates viricliflora, (Raf.) Eaton. Green Milkweed. Occasional in sandy soils throughout the state. Acerates aiigustifolia, (Nutt.) Dec. Narrow-leaved Milkweed. In the Black Hills and the adjacent plains. 1 84 Acerates lamig'inosa, (Nutt.) Dec. Woolly Milkweed. On prairies in the Sioux valley; rare. CoNVOLVULACE^. — Morniug Glory Family. Evolvulus pilosus, Nutt. Evolvulus. In dry plains west of the Missouri river and in the Black Hills. Qviaiiioclit coccinea hederifolia. Small Red Morning Glory. Introduced in gardens near Brookings. Ipoiiicf a leptopliylla, Torn Bush Morning Glory. In dry soils from the Missouri river to the Black Hills. Il>oiiivila Ainerieaiia, (Gray.) Rydberg. Nodding Slick- seed. ^ Echinospermum dejiexum Atnericanum^ Gray. In the Black Hills; rare. Allocarya scopuloruin, Greene. Mountain Allocarya. In the southern Missouri valley; Charles Mix county. Oryptaiitlie Pattersoiiii, (Gray.) Greene. Patterson's Cryptanthe. Krynitzkia Patierso7iii^ Gray. In the Black Hills; Custer and Lead City. Cryptanthe crassisepala, (T. & G.) Greene, Thick- sepaled Cype. Krynitzkia crassisepala^ Gray. In the Bad Lands, east of the Black Hills. Oreocarya g-lo.iiierata, (Pursh.) Greene. Clustered Oreo- carya. Krynitzkia glomerata, Gray. In dry soils from the Minnesota valley westward. i87 3Ierteiisia paiiiculata, (Ait.) Don, Tall Lungwort. In the Black Hills; Rockford. Merteiisia laiiceolata, (Pursh.) DC. Lance-leaved Lung- wort. Common in thickets and on plains from the Missouri valley westward. 3Ierteiisia Sibericus, (L.) Don. Siberian Lungwort. Dr. Rydberg says: "A single fruiting specimen which seems to belong to this species was collected at Rock- ford. Myosotis inacrosperiua, Engelm. Large-seeded Forget- me-not. Near Hot Springs in the Black Hills; rare. 3Iyosotis sylvatioa, Hoffm. Sylvan Forget-me-not. In damp, rich places in the high parts of the Black Hills. Lithosperiiiiiiii canescens, (Michx.) Lehm. Hoary Puccoon. Common on prairies and in the edge of thickets from the James valley eastward. Lfithosperniuiii angiistifoliuni, Michx. Narrow-leaved Puccoon. Common on prairies throughout the state. Oiiosinodhiin 31<)lle, Michx. Soft-hairy False Cromwell. In prairies throughout the state; prefers sandy soil. Echiuni vulgare, L. Viper's Bugloss. Sparingly naturalized in the Sioux valley; Brookings. Verbenace^. — Vervain Family. Verbena urtictefolia, L. White Vervain. In thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and the southern part of the Missouri valley; Charles Mix countv. Verbena hastata, L. Blue Vervain. In thickets and moist places from the Missouri valley- eastward, and in the Black Hills. Verbena stricta, Vent. Hoary Vervain. In moist or dry soil throughout the state. Verbena bracteosa, Michx. Large-bracted Vervain. On prairies throughout the state; rare east of the Mis- souri valley; more common westward. Verbena bipinnatificla, Nutt. On dry soil from the Missouri valley westward. Lippia cnneifolia, (Tott.) Steud. Fogfruit. Occasional in the James and Missouri valleys. LabiaT.^. — Mint Family. Tencrinin Canadensis, L. Wood Sage. Germander. In moist soil in the Sioux valley. Tencrinni oceidentale, Gray. Hairy Germander. In thickets in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. Scntellaria lateriflora, L- Mad-dog Skull Cap. In low, shady places from the Missouri valley east- ward. Scntellaria parvnla, Michx. Small Skull Cap. On low prairies in the Minnesota, Sioux, James and Missouri valleys. Scntellaria galericnlata, L. Marsh Skull Cap. In damp ground from the Missouri valley eastward, and in the Black Hills. Agastacbe nepetoides, (L.) Kuntze. Catnip. Giant Hyssop. Lophanthiis nepetoides^ Benth. In the Minnesota valley and the southern part of the Sioux valley, at Sioux Falls; Union county. Some of the specimens from the Minnesota valley agree with A. schrophularicefolia in the pubescence of the leaves 189 and stem, but have the small greenish yellow corolla of A. nepetoides. Ag-astache aiietlioidora, (Nutt.) Britton. Fragrant Giant Hyssop. Lophanthns anisatiis^ Benth. In thickets from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Nepeta cataria, L. Catnip. Sparingly introduced in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Dracocephaliim parvifloruiii, Nutt. American Dragon- head. In dry soils in the Sioux valley near Dell Rapids, and in the Black Hills. Prunella vulgaris, L. Selfheal. In damp woods in the Black Hills. Physosteg'ia Virginiaiia, (L.) Benth. False Dragonhead. In the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. Leonurus cardiaca, L. Motherwort. Naturalized in the Sioux valley near Sioux Falls. Stacliys palustris, I^, Hedge Nettle. In the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. Stacliys aspera, Michx. Rough Hedge Nettle. Near Custer in the Black Hills. Salvia lanoeolata, Willd. Lance-leaved Sage. On the dry plains from the Missouri valley westward. Monarda fistulosa, L. Wild Bergamont. Common in thickets from the Missouri valley east- ward, and in the Black Hills. Monarda scabra, Beck. Pale Wild Bergamont. Monarda fistulosa Mollis^ Benth. On prairies and plains in the Minnesota valley and westward to the Black Hills. I go Hedeoiiia hispida, Pursh. Rough Pennyroyal. Common on dry prairies throughout the state. Hedeoiiia Driiiniiiondii, Benth. Drummond's Penny- royal. In dry soils in the Black Hills, and in the adjacent plains. Hyssopus officinalis, L. Hyssop. Sparingly naturalized in the Sioux valley near Brook- ings. Liycopus rubellus, Moench. Stalked Water Hoarhound. In wet ground in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Lycopiis Ainericaiius, Muhl. Cut-leaved Water Hoar- hound. Lycopus sinuatus^ Ell. Common in wet soils throughout the state. Lycopus lucidus, Turcz. Western Water Hoarhound. In swamps and bogs in the Minnesota and Sioux val- leys. Mentha Canadensis, L. American Wild Mint. Common in moist soils throughout the state. SOLANACE.^. — Potato Family. Pliysalis long-ifolia, Nutt. Long-leaved Ground Cherry. In the Sioux and Missouri valleys and the Black Hills; more common westward. Pliysalis lanceolata, Michx, Prairie Ground Cherry. On dry prairies throughout the state. Pliysalis Virg-iniaiia, Mill. Virginian Ground Cherry. In thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. Pliysalis lieteroi)liylla, Nees. Clammy Ground Cherry. In the Minnesota and southern Missouri valleys, and in the Black Hills. 191 Pliysalis rotuiidata, Rydb. Round-leaved Ground Cherry. In the foothills of the Black Hills, and the adjacent plains. Solaiiiiiii iiigriiiii, L. Black Nightshade. In the waste places from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Solaiiiiiu trifloriiin, Nutt. Cut-leaved Nightshade. In waste places in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. Solaiiiiiii rostratiiiii, Dunal. Texas Thistle. Beaked Nightshade. On dry prairies and in waste places throughout the state. From the Missouri valley eastward it is found in waste places, apparently introduced from the west. On the plains west of the Missouri river it is more abundant and apparently native. ScHROPHUL ARIACE.E. — Figwort Family. Verbasciiin thapsus, h. Mullen. Introduced into the southeastern part of the state, and in the Black Hills; rare. Liinaria liiiaria, (L.) Karst. Butter-and-eggs, Yellow Toad Flax. Linaria vulgaris^ Mill. Sparingly naturalized in the Sioux valley. Linaria Canadensis, (L.) Dumont. Blue Toad Flax. In dry soils in the Black Hills. Schrophularia Marylandica, L. Heal-all. Maryland Figwort Schrophularia nodosa Marylandica^ Gray. In thickets from the Missouri valley eastward, and in the Black Hills. Pentstenion eristatus, Nutt. Crested Beard-tongue. On dry bluffs in the Missouri valley and in the Black Hills. 192 Peiitsteiiioii albidus, Nutt. White Beard-tongue. On prairies from the Missouri valley eastward, and in the Black Hills. Peiitsteiiioii g-racilis, Nutt. Slender Beard-tongue. Common on prairies from the Missouri valley east- ward, and in the Black Hills. Peiitsteiuoii g-raiidittonis, Nutt. Large Flowered Beard tongue. On dry knolls and banks of ravines throughout the state. Pentsteinon glaber, Pursh. Smooth Beard-tongue. On low prairies from the Missouri valley westward. Pentsteinon angiistifolius, Pursh. Pale Beard-tongue. Near Hot Springs in the Black Hills, rare. Pentstenion Janiesii, Benth. James' Beard-tongue. On table-lands near Hot Springs in the Black Hills. Collinsia parviflora, Dougl. Small-flowered Collinsia. On dry hill sides in the Black Hills. Miniulns ringens, L. Monkey Flower. Along streams in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Miniulns Janiesii, T. & G. James' Monkey Flower. In bogs and swamps in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. * Miniulns liiteus, L. Yellow Monkey Flower. In damp, shady ground in the Black Hills near Lead City. Monniera rotundifolia, Michx. Round-leaved Hedge^ Hyssop. Herpestris rotundifolia^ Pursh. In shallow pools and on muddy shores from the Mis- souri valley eastward, and in the Black Hills. Ilysaiitlies g-ratioloides, (L.) Benth. False Pempernel. Ilysanthes riparia^ Raf: On muddy shores from the Missouri valley eastward. 193 Wulfeiiiti rubra, (Hook.) Greene. Western Wulfena. Synihris jnibra^ Bentli. On hill sides near Custer in the Black Hills. Teroiiica Aiiagallis-aquatica, L. Water Speedwell. In brooks from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Veronica Americana, Schwein. American Brooklime. In cold swamps in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Veronica peregrina, L. Neckweed. In low ground from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Veronica officinalis, L. Common Speedwell. Sparingly introduced in the Sioux valley. Leptandra Virginica, (L.) Nutt. Culver's Root. Veronica Virginica^ L. On prairies in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys; rare. Oerardia Besseyana, Britton. Bessey's Gerardia. Gerardia tenuiflora macropJiylla^ Benth. On low prairies from the Missouri valley eastward. Gerardia aspera, Dougl. Rough Gerardia. On prairies from the Missouri valley eastward; com- mon. Castilleja acuminata, (Pursh.) Spreng. Painted Cup. In woods in the Black Hills. Castilleja sessiflora, Pursh, Prairie Painted Cup. On dry bluffs and sandy knolls throughout the state; much more common from the Missouri valley westward. Ortliocari)us luteus, Nutt. Yellow Orthocarpus. Occasional in dry, sandy soils throughout the state. Pedicularis lanceolata, Michx. Swamp Lousewort. In swamps and low prairies in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. 194 Pedieularis Canadensis, L. Wood Betany. Lousewort. In thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. LenTibulariace^ — Bladdderwort Family. Utriciilaria vulg-aris, L. Greater Bladderwort. In clear water ponds and slow streams from the Mis- souri valley eastward. Orobanchace^. — Broomrape Family. Thalesia fasiculata, (Nutt.) Britton. Yellow Cancer Root. Aph'yllon fasiculatum^ Gray. In the Missouri valley and the Black Hills; rare. Orobaiiche ludoviciaiia, Nutt. Louisiana Broomrape. From the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Phrymace^. — Lopseed Family. Phryina leplostacliya, L. Lopseed. In woops and thickets throughout the state. PivANTAGiNACE^. — Plantain Family. Plaiitago major, L. Common Plantain. Introduced into waste places throughout the state. Plantago Riigelli, Dec. Rugel's Plantain. Introduced into waste fields in the Sioux valley. Plantago lanceolata, L. Ribwort. Sparingly introduced into waste places in the Sioux valley. Plantag-o eriopoda, Torr. Saline Plantain. In low alkaline places in the Minnesota and Sioux valley. Plantago Purshii, R. & S. Pursh's Plantain. Plantago patagonica gnaphalioides^ Gray. Common on dry plains from the Missouri valley west- ward. 195 Plaiitago aristata, Michx. Large-bracted Plantain. Plantago patagonica aristata^ A. Gray. On the dry plains from the Missouri valley westward;, not common. Plantago eloiigata, Pursh. Slender Plantain. Plantago pusilla, N u tt. On low damp prairies in the southern Missouri valley^ Aurora and Charles Mix counties. RUBiACE^. — Madder Family. Galium Aparine, L. Cleaver. Goosegrass. In woods and thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Galium boreale, L. Northern Bedstraw. In thickets and on banks from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Galium triflorum, Michx, Fragrant Bedstraw. In woods and thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills; also extends up the Missouri valley into Charles Mix county. Galium trificlum, L. Small Cleavers. In spring swamps in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Galium tiuctorum, L. Wild Madder. In low thickets in the Sioux valley. Caprifoliace^. — Honeysuckle Family. Sambucus racemosus, L. Racemed Elder. In canons in the Black Hills. Sambucus canadensis, L. Sweet Elder. In moist soil near Rapid City in the Black Hills. Viburnum opulus, L. Cranberry Tree. In damp ravines in the Minnesota valley (rare) and in the Black Hills. 196 Viburniini Leiitago, L. Sweet Viburnum. Common on wooded banks in the ]\Iinnesota valley and in the Black Hills; occurs also near Sioux Falls in the Sioux valley. Linnaea borealis, L. Twinflower. In woods in the Black Hills. Syniphoricarpiis raceinosus, Michx. Snowberry. In thickets along streams and on dry banks through- out the state. Syinplioricarpus paucifloriis, (Robbins) Britton. Low Snowberry. Symphoricarpus raceinostts paucifloriis. Robbins. On rich wooded bluffs in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Syniphoricari>us occicleiitalis, Hook. Wolf Berry. Occasional in thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Symplioricarpvi.s Syini>horicarpiis, (L.) MacM. Coral Berry. Symphoricarpiis vulgaris.^ IMichx. On dry banks from the Missouri valley eastward. liOnicera glavicescens, Rydberg. Douglas' Honey- suckle. Common in woods and ravines in the Minnesota val- ley, in the Sioux valley near Sioux Falls and in the Black Hills. Adoxace^. — Moschatel Family. Adoxa iiioschatelliiia, L. Moschatel. Muskroot. In the limestone region in the Black Hills. Valerianace.^. — Valerian Family. Valeriana edulis, Nutt. Tobacco Root. In damp soil near Rockford in the Black Hills. 197 Valeriana sylvatica, Banks. Wood Valerian. In moist soils in the Black Hills. CucURBiTACE^. — Gourd Family. Micranipelis lobata, (Michx.) Greene. Wild Balsam Apple. Echinocystis lobata^ T. & G. In thickets along streams from the Missouri valley eastward. Sicyos angulatus, L. Burr Cucumber. In thickets along streams in the southern part of the state, east of the Missouri river; Yankton; Elk Point, and Brookings. Campanulace^. — Bell wort Family. Campanula rotundifolia, L. Harebell, On moist rocks in the Black Hills. Campanula aparinoides, Pursh. Marsh Bell wort. In wet ground in the Black Hills. Campanula Americana, L. Tall Bellflower. In thickets in the Missouri valley from Yankton south- ward and up the Sioux valley to Sioux Falls. Legouzia perfoliata, (L.) Britton. Venus Looking-glass. Specularia perfoliata^ A. DC. In the southern Missouri valley (Charles Mix county), and in the Black Hills. Lobelia syphilitica, L. Blue Cardinal Flower. Common in low moist ground in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Lobelia spicata liirtella. Gray. Prairie Lobelia. Common on low praires from the Missouri valley east- ward. Lobelia Kalniii, L. Brook Lobelia. In cold spring bogs in ravines in the Minnesota valley. 198 CiCHORiACE^. — Chicory Family. Trajj^opogoii pratensis, L. Meadow Salsify. Naturalized in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Taraxacum Taraxacum, (L.) Karst. Dandelion. In lawns and and waste fields from the James valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Soiichus asper, (L.) All. Spiny Sow Thistle. In waste places from the Minnesota valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Ijactvica Scariola, L. Prickly Lettuce. In fields and waste places from the Missouri valley eastward; not abundant. Lactuca Ludoviciana, (Nutt.) DC. Western Lettuce. Common on shady banks from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Lactiica Canadensis, L. Tall Lettuce. In most thickets in the Sioux and James valleys. Lactuca i)ulcliella, (Pursh.) DC. Large-flowered Blue Lettuce. In low places from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Lactvica spicata, (Lam.) Hitch. Tall Blue Lettuce. Lactuca leucophcsa^ Gray. In moist thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Lygodesmia juncea, (Pursh.) D. Don. Rush-like Lygo- desmia. Common on breaking from the Missouri valley east- ward and on dry plains from the Missouri valley west- ward. Agoseris glauca, (Pursh.) Greene. Large-flowered Agos- eris. Troximon glauciim^ Pursh. On prairies and plains throughout the state. 199 Ag:o.seris parviflorii, (Nutt.) Greene. Small -flowered Agoseris. Troximon glaucum parviflorum^ Gray. In the Black Hills and the adjoining plains. Ag:oseris .scorsonerjiefolia, (Schrad.) Greene. Western Agoseris. On railroad embankments near Custer, Black Hills. Nothocalai cuspidata, (Pursh.) Greene. False Calais. Troximon cuspidatum^ Pursh. On prairies from the Missouri valley eastward. Crepis ruiicinata, (James.) T. & G. Naked Stemmed Hawksbeard. In low moist soils in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Hieraciuin uinbellatum, L. Narrow-leaved Hawkweed. In damp ground in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Hieraciuin Cauadeiise, Michx. Canada Hawkweed. On shady banks in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. ♦ Hieraciuin Fendleri, Schut. Fendler's Hawkweed. On dry hills near Rockford in the Black Hills. IVabalus albus, (L.) Hook. Rattlesnake Root. Prenanthes alba^ L. In rich woods in the Minnesota valley. Nabalus asper, (Michx.) T. & G. Rough White Lettuce. Prenanthes asper^ Michx. On low prairies in the Minnesota, Sioux, James, and southern Missouri valleys and the Black Hills. Nabalus racemosus, (Michx.) DC. Glaucous White Let- tuce. Prenanthes racemosa, Michx. On low prairies in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. 200 Ambrosiace^. — Ragweed Family. Iva axillaris, Pursh. Small-flowered Marsh Elder. In dry alkaline soils from the Missouri valley west- ward. Iva xantliiifolia, (Tresen.) Nutt. Burweed. Marsh Elder. In waste places from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Ambrosia triflda, L. Great Ragweed. Bitterweed. In thickets and waste places from the Missouri valley eastward. Ambrosia trifida integrifolia, (Muhl.) T. & G, With the type, common. Ambrosia artemisiaefolia, L. Ragweed. Abundant in waste places along roads and in culti- vated field from the Missouri valley eastward, rare in the Black Hills. Ambrosia psilostacliya, DC. Western Ragweed. In light soils throughout the state; more common trom the Missouri valley westward. Gaertneria discolor, (Nutt.) Kuntze. White-leaved Gaertneria. Franseria discolor^ Nutt. In dry soils in the Black Hills and the adjoining plains. Xantliium Canadense, Mill. American Cocklebur. On loose, sandy soils bordering streams and lakes from the Missouri valley eastward. Composite. — Thistle Family. Vernonia fasciculata, Michx. Western Iron Weed. Common in low places from the Missouri valley east- ward. Eupatorium macvilatum, L. Spotted Joe-Pye Weed. In swampy ground in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and the Black Hills. 20I Eujjatoriuin iiiaculatuni ainoeimiii, (Pursh.) Brilton. In low ground in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Quite distinct from the type. Eupatoriuni altissiniiiiu, L. Tall Thoroughwort. In dry soils, near timber, in the James, Sioux and Minnesota valleys and the Black Hills. Eupatorium perfoliatuui, L. Boneset. In swamps in the Minnesota valley, in the eastern part of the Sioux valley and in the Missouri valley near Run- ning Water. Eupatorium ajireratoides, L F. White Snakeroot. On wooded bluffs in the Minnesota, Sioux, and south- ern James valleys, and extending up the Missouri valley to Charles Mix county. Kuhnia glvitinosa, Ell. Prairie False Boneset. Knhnia eiipatorioidcs corymbidosa^ T. & G. On prairies throughout the state, but rare west of the Missouri river. Lacinaria squarrosa, (L.) Hill. Colicroot. Liatris sqiiarrosa^ Willd. In the southern Missouri valley; Yankton, Running Water and Charles Mix county. Lacinaria puuctata, (Hook.) Kuntze. Dotted Button Snakeroot. Liatris punctata^ Hook. On prairies and plains throughout the state, very com- mon. A form with creamy white flowers is found. Lacinaria scariosa, (L.) Hill. Large Button Snakeroot. Blazing Star. Liatris scariosa^ Willd. From the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills; common. Lacinaria spicata, (L. ) Kuntze. Dense Button Snake- root. Devil's Bit. 202 Liatris spicata^ L. In low prairies in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Cirutierrezia Sarothrte, (Pursh.) Britt. & Rusby. Gutier- rez ia. Gutierrezia EiithainicB ^ T. & G. On the dry plains from the Missouri valley west- ward. •Orindelia sqiiarrosa, (Pursh.) Dunal. Broad-leaved Gum Plant. In dry soil throughout the state. It is becoming a weed in waste places in the eastern part of the state. Clirysopsis villosa, (Pursh.) Nutt. Hairy Golden Aster. Common in dry soil from the Missouri valley east- ward and in the Black Hills. Many of the western forms are very close to C. hispida. Clirysotliaiiiiius Douglasii, (Gray.) Douglas's Rayless Goldenrod. Bigelovia Douglasii^ Gray. In dry alkaline soils from the Missouri valley west- ward to the Black Hills. Erioearpuiu griiidelioides, Nutt. Rayless Eriocarpum. In dry soils in the Black Hills and the surrounding plains. Eriocarpum spiiiulosuni, (Nutt.) Greene. Cut-leaved Eriocarpum. Aplopappus spm7(losjts. In dry soils throughout the state; but rare in the Min- nesota and Sioux valleys, common westward. Solidag-o flexicaulis, L. Broad-leaved Goldenrod. Solidago latifolia^ L. On shady banks in the Minnesota valley. Holidag-o erecta, Pursh. Slender Goldenrod. On dry knolls in the Black Hills. 203 Solidago rigidiuscula, (T. & G.) Porter. Slender Showy Goldenrod. Solidago speciosa rigidiuscula^ T. & G. In dry soils in the Missouri and Sioux valleys. Rare. Solidago arguta, Ait. Cut-leaved Goldenrod. In rich woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Solidag'o rupestris, Raf. Rock Goldenrod. Occasional on rocky banks in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Solidag-o serotina, Ait. Late Goldenrod. In thickets and low places throughout the state except the Black Hills. Solidag'o Missourieiisis, Nutt. Missouri Goldenrod. On prairies throughout the state. Solidag'o Canadensis, L. Canada Goldenrod. From the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills; common in thickets and on low prairies. Solidago Canadensis procera, (Ait.) T. & G. Range the same as the type. Solidago Canadensis gilvos canescens, Rydberg. In dry soil in the Minnesota valley. Solidago nemoralis, Ait. Field Goldenrod. Dyers Weed. On dry banks and hills throughout the state. Solidago Radula, Nutt. Western Rough Goldenrod. In dry soils throughout the state. Solidago rigida, L. Hard-leaved Goldenrod. On prairies throughout the state. The most abundant of all the species. Entliainia graininifolia, (L. ) Nutt. Fragrant Goldenrod. Solidago lanceolata^ L. In moist soils in the Minnesota, Sioux, and James valleys and in the Black Hills. 204 Eiitlianiia Caroliniana, (L.) Greene. Slender Fragrant Golden rod. Solidago tenuifolia^ Pursh. A single specimen of the species was collected in the Black Hills by Mr. Carter in 1897. Boltoiiia asteroides, (L.) L'Her. Aster-like Boltonia. In low moist soils from the Missouri valley eastward. Aster Liiiid ley anus, T. & G. Lindley's Aster. In low ground in the Minnesota valley. Aster sagittifolius, Willd. Arrow-leaved Aster. In dry soils in the Minnesota valley. Aster Nova^-Aiig^liae, L. New England Aster. In thickets in the Minnesota, Sioux, and James valleys. Aster obloiigifolius, Nutt. Aromatic Aster. In dry soils from the Missouri valley eastward; the plant is most abundant on dry gravelly hillsides. Aster laevis, L. Smooth Aster. On sandy banks of streams from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Aster patulus, Lam. Spreading Aster. In the Black Hills near Custer. Aster junceus, Ait. Rush Aster. In cold spring bogs in the Minnesota valley, in the extreme eastern part of the Sioux valley and in the Black Hills. Aster sericeus, Vent. Western Silky Aster. On dry prairies in the Minnesota, Sioux, and James valleys; common. Aster iitarniicoides, (Nees.) T. & G. Upland White Aster. In dry rocky or gravelly soils throughout the state. Aster duniosus, L. Bushy Aster. In damp, sandy soils in the Sioux valley. 205 Aster salieifolius, Lam. Willow Aster. In low wet ground in the vicinity of streams, through- out the state. Aster paiiiculatus, Lam, Panicled Aster. In low, damp ground from the Missouri valley east- ward. Aster laterifloriis, (L.) Britton. Starved Aster. Aster diffussis^ Ait. On shady banks in the Sioux valley. Aster multitlorus, Ait. Dense-flowered Aster. In dry soils, especially that have been broken, from the Missouri valley eastward. Aster iiicaiiopilosus, (Lindl.) Sheldon. White Prairie Aster. Aster commutatus^ A. Gray. On dry prairies throughout the state. Aster Sibirieus, L. Siberian Aster. Near Custer in the Black Hills. Aster falcatus, Lindl. Reported for the Black Hills in Gray's list, Newton and Jenney's report in the Geological survey of the Black Hills in 1880. Machiieraiithera sessiliflora, (Nutt.) Greene. Viscid Aster. On the dry plains from the Missouri valley westward. Erigeron asper, Nutt. Rough Erigeron. Erigeron glabellus^ Nutt. In dry soils in the Black Hills. Erigeron subtriiiervis, Rydberg. Three-nerved Flea- bane. On shaded hillsides in the Black Hills. Erigeron i)nniilus, Nutt. Low Erigeron. On the dry plains from the Missouri valley westward. 206 Erig-eroii caniis, Gray. Hoary Erigeron. In dry soils in the Black Hills and the adjacent plains. Erig:er<)ii (n)nii)o.situs, Pursh. Dwaif Fleabane. On exposed soils in the Black Hills. Erij»-er<)ii flaj»ellaris, Gray. Running Fleabane. In rich soils in the Black Hills. Erigeron salsugiiious, Gray. In dry soils in the foothills of the Black Hills and the adjacent plains. Erigeron piilchellus, Michx. Robin's Plantain. Erigeron bellidifolms^ Muhl. On banks of streams in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Erigeron Philadelphieus, L. Skevish. In low ground in the Minnesota, Sioux, and James valleys and in the Black Hills. Erigeron annniis, (L.) Pers. Sweet Scabious, On low prairies in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Erigeron raniosus, (Walt.) B. S. P. Daisy Fleabane. Erigeron strigosus, Muhl. In low ground and on banks throughout the state. Erigeron raniosus Beyricliii, (F. & M.) Smith & Pound. In the Black Hills. Erigeron arnierifolius, Turcz. Mountain Fleabane. In wet meadows in the Black Hills. LeiJtilon Canadense, (L.) Britton. Horseweed. Erigeron Canadensis^ L- Throughout the state; common in the eastern part of the state; rare from the Missouri valley westward, Leptilon divaricatuni, (Michx.) Raf. Purple Horse- weed. Erigero7i divaricatus^ Michx. In sandy soils in the Missouri valley in Walworth county, rare. 207 Doelliiigeria umbellata, (Mill.) Nees. Flat-topped White Aster. Aster umbellatus^ Mill. In swampy places in shaded ravines in the Minnesota valley. Filago i)rolifera, (Nutt.) Britton. Filago. Evax prolifera^ Nutt. On dry hills near Hot Springs in the Black Hills. Aiitennaria dioica, (L.) Gaertn. Mountain Everlasting. In the borders of open woods in the Black Hills. Antennaria neodioica, Greene. Smaller Cats-foot. In shady places in the Black Hills. Two of Dr. Ryd- berg's specimens; 795 collected near Hermosa, 793 near Hot Springs are also referred to this species. They differ from the type in having the leaves tomentose above. Autennaria caiin>estris, Rydberg. Prairie Cats-foot. On prairies throughout the state; this is the common species which has been regarded as a form of A. piant- aginifolia which has not yet been collected in the state. It is likely that it occurs in the open woods in the Min- nesota and Sioux valleys. Antennaria Aprica, Greene. In the Bad lyands. Antennaria parvifolia, Nutt. Along Spring Lake in Brown county. Anaidialis niarg^aritacea, (L.) B. & H. Antennaria ?nargarttacea^ Hook. In dry soils in the Black Hills. Silphiuni perfoliatiini, L. Cup Plant. In moist thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Silphiuni laciniatuni, L. Compass Plant. In the southern part of the Sioux, James and Missouri valleys. Sioux Falls, Yankton, Charles Mix counties. 2o8 Ht lii>psi< ""c abra, Danal. Roagh Ox E>"e. Common in thickets and open woods from the Mi>5v.x:'i valley eastward. Occsstera! "n-estward along the Whi.e and Bad riveis. Kiulbeckia bin a. 1. r^'.ick-evcxi Sv.>ar.. O:: • -a: :> ■ :: : 'e '■' :-.;:i<::.i .-:::: Sioux v^''evs and KudluH-kia laciuiata. I.. '"-TCL-'e.-. ": " C:::r^:-A-L', Misso'-.n vi!'.e%s i? :'.i: i-.o::':". a> Ch.irles Mix cour.iy. Katibiila piuuata. \\ /. ■.-.:••'•.■': Gr.iy-hea.'.evi Coce- 0:i low vr-'-irie? in :";'e Sioux wiiiev'. Katibiila c oluniuavis. Si:::?. I^ i . • • i '■ : ; Co:-.i:-..^wrer. l-:-:\:.'r. .■ : ' . " \ T. X G. 0:". ?:.-.■.:■ r> :: ;•.:■. :::e Missouri vA'.ieN' eAi^twArd .ind in Braiiueria pallida. X-::t.) BriUon. F.ile r.::rie Cone- f-jtwer. C:; ;:::" ::; v:a;: ;^? '::::: :::e Missouri v^iiey e:!?!- vr^:^ ::■/.:. ■.:: -.'m 1-i.ijk. H;iis. iHeliaiuliu- aiuuiu-i. I. J ;::-.::•: .-. S .::•.:". owe:. Ht'IiaTUbu«« pfnolari^. X/.::. ?:.-.:ie Sv. :•- .--^ver. 0:: :.:/ v:.\:::e5 :'::r:-.:^:::-..: :':e 5:-i:c; :^:e :'rom :;:e llfliaiuliU'i •irabtM'riimi'i. Hi!. S:-.~' S.::::-.:'A-er. Ab;j.zidisii o:: ::-■ y:A;::r? :;::: :c'': -: :'-r 5:.i:e. Heliaiithiis iMaxiiuiliani. S:i.:. i i i.-.xiu:.i..:u's Sv.n- 209 Heliaiitlius grosse-serratiis, Martens. Saw-toothed Sun- flower. In low ground in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys; common. Helianthus tuberosiis, L. Jerusalem Artichoke. In moist soils in the vicinity of streams, from the Missouri valley eastward. Heliaiithns tuberosus subcanescens, Gray. In the Sioux valley; rare. Heliaiithella quinqueuervis, (Hook.) Gray. Five-nerved False Sunflower. On dry knolls in the Black Hills. Balsainorliiza sagittata, (Pursh.) Nutt. Balsamroot. In the Black Hills. Coreopsis tiiietoria, Xutt. Garden Tickseed. In moist soils from the Missouri valley eastward. Coreopsis palmata, Nutt. Stiff Tickseed. In the Sioux valley near Sioux Falls; rare. Bidens laevis, (L.) B. S. P. Smooth Burr Marigold. In wet meadows in the Black Hills. Bidens cerniia, L. Nodding Burr Marigold. In wet soils from the Missouri valley eastward. Bidens connata, Muhl. Purple-stemmed Beggartick. In swamps in the Sioux valley. Bidens frondosa, L. Sticktight. In moint soils from the Missouri valley eastward. Hynienopappus teuuifolius, Pursh. Woolly Hymeno- pappus. On dry plains from the Missouri valley westward. Hynienopappus filifolius, Hook. Tufted Hymenopappus. On dry prairies from the Missouri valley westward. Bahia oppositifolia, Nutt. Bahia. On dry plains from the Missouri valley westward. 2IO Picradenia acaulis, (Niitt.) Britton. Stemless Picradenia. Actinella acmdis^ Nutt. lu dry, gravelly or sandy soils in the Black Hills, and on the hills and buttes from the Missouri valley westward. Helenium aiitmnnale, L. Sneezewort. In low, wet places in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. Gaillardia aristata, Pursh. Great Flowered Gaillardia. On dry gravelly banks and knolls in the Minnesota valley and the Black Hills. Dysodia papposa, (Vent) A. S. Hitchcock. Fetid Mari- gold. Dysodia chrysanthemoides^ Lag. In low places along streams from the James valley westward. In many places in the Missouri valley it has become a bad weed. Achillea Millefolium, L. Yarrow. In fields and waste places in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. Aiithemis Cotula, L. Mayweed. In waste places from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Clirysanthenium Leucaiitlieniuiii, L. White Daisy. Sparingly introduced in the Sioux valley. Taiiacetuni vulgare, L. Tansy. Escaped from gardens in the Sioux and James valleys, rare. Artemisia Canadensis, Michx. Canada Wormwood. On sandy hillsides in the Black Hills. Artemisia cavidata, Michx. Wild Wormwood. In sandy soils throughout the state. Artemisia dracunculoides, Pursh. Common Worm- wood. In thickets and on prairies throughout the state. 211 Artemisia filifolia, Torn Silvery Wormwood. In the Bad Lands country just east of Uie Black Hills. Artemisia frig-ida, Willd. Wormwood Sage. In loose gravelly soils throughout the state. Artemisia biennis, Wild. Biennial Wormwood. Introduced from the Missouri valley eastward. A bad weed, native of the Northwest Territory. Artemisia serrata, Nutt. Saw-leaved Mugwort. In thickets and on low ground, not common. Artemisia longifolia, Nutt. Long-leaved Mugwort. Ou the dry plains from the Missouri valley westward, occasional in the James valley. Artemisia g-naplial(Mles, Nutt. Prairie Mugwort. Abundant on prairies throughout the state. Artemisia cana, Pursh. Hoary Sagebrush. On the dry plains from the Missouri valley westward. Petasites sag-ittata, (Pursh.) Gray. Sweet Coltsfoot. In the Black Hills near Rochford. Arnica cordifolius, Hook. Heart-leaved Arnica. On shady hillsides in the Black Hills. Arnica alpina, (L.) Olin. Arctic Arnica. Mountain To- bacco. In canons and on shady banks in the Black Hills. Senecio integerrimus, Nutt. Entire-leaved Groundsel. Occasional in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Senecio Ingens, Richards. Black Tipped Groundsel. On prairies in the Sioux and James valleys and in the Black Hills. Senecio canns, Hook. Silvery Groundsel. In dry soils in the Black Hills, a common and variable species. 212 Seiiecio Plattensis, Nutt. Prairie Ragwort. In dry ground in the Black Hills. Seiiecio Balsaiiiit?e, Muhl. Balsam Groundsel. Senecio aureus Balsamitcr^ T. & G. On prairies from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills; common. Senecio aureus, L. Golden Ragwort. In low, wet ground in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Seiiecio Doug-lasii, DC. Douglas' Ragwort. In dry soils in the plains region, along the Cheyenne river. Senecio palustris, (L.) Hook. Marsh Ragwort. In swamps in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Senecio vulgaris, L. Common Groundsel. Occurs in cultivated and waste ground in the Minne- sota and Sioux valleys. Senecio ereiuopliilus, Richards. Mountain Ragwort. On dry soils in the Black Hills. Senecio rapifolius, Nutt. In shady places in the Black Hills. Senecio discoideus, (Hook.) Britton. Northern Squaw Weed. In moist ground in the Missouri valley, Charles Mix county. The specimens are typical, except that the achenes are sharply four-sided and hairy on the angles. Arctium minus, Schk. Common Burdock. Sparingly naturalized in shady waste places in the southern part of the Sioux valley and in the Minnesota valley. Carduus altissimus, L. Roadside Thistle. Cnicus altissimus^ Willd. In fields, woods and waste places in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. 213 Carduiis discolor, (Muhl.) Nutt. Field Thistle. Cnicus discolor^ Muhl. On prairies in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Carduus Virginiaiius, L. Virginian Thistle. Cnicus Virginiaiius^ Pursh. In woods and thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Cardviiis uiidulatus, Nutt. Wavy-leaved Thistle. Cnicus uiidulatiis^ Gray. On plains and prairies throughout the state. Carduus ochroceiitrus, (Gray.) Green. Yellow-spined Thistle. Cnicus ochroccnirus^ Gray. In dry soils in the Black Hills. Carduus Plattensis, Rydberg. Prairie Thistle. In sandy soils in the southwestern part of the state. Cardvius Druuiuioudi, (Gray). Cnicus Drumniondi^ Gray. In damp meadows in the Black Hills. Carduus Caruovireus, Rydberg. Collected near Sylvan lake in the Black Hills, by Mr. L. W. Carter. Specimens sent Dr. Rydberg were identified as this species. Carduus arveusis, (L.) Robs. Canada Thistle. Cnicus arvensis^ Hoff. Sparingly naturalized in the Sioux valley. Centaurea Cyauus, L. Blue Bottle. Corn Flower. Roadsides near Hot Springs in the Black Hills. INDEX. PAGE Abronia 141 Abutilon 171 AcERACE^ 169 Acer 169 Acerates 1 83 Achillea 210 Acnida 140 Aconitum 144 Acorus .... 125 Adinella 210 Actaea 144 Acuan 158 Adder-Tongues 103 Adiantum 104 Adicea 135 AdoxacH^E 196 Adoxa 196 Agastache 188 Agoseris 198 Agrimonia 156 Agropyron 118 Agrostemma 142 Agrostis 113 Alexander 178 Alisma 108 Alismace^ 108 Allium 127 Allionia 140 Allocarya 186 Alopecurus 112 Alsine 141 Alum-root 152 AmaranThace^ 140 Amaranths 140 Amaranthus 140 Amaryi^lidacb^ 130 Amaryllis 130 Ambrosiace^ 200 Ambrosia 200 Amelanchier 157 PAGE American Brooklime 193 American Mint 190 American Spikenard 176 Ammannia 174 Amorpha 160 Ampelopsis 171 Atnphicarpa 165 Anacardiace^ 169 Anaphalis 207 Andropogon 109 Androsace 181 Anemone 144 ANGIOSPERMS 106 Anogra 175 Antennaria 207 Anthemis 210 Aphyllon 194 Apios 165 Aplopappus 202 Apocynace^ 183 Apocynum 183 Apple Family 156 Aquilegia 144 Arabis 151 Arace^ 125 Araliace^ 176 Aralia 176 Arctium 212 Arctostapylos 180 Arenaria 143 Argemone 147 Arisaema 125 Aristida iii Arnica 211 Arrhenatherum 114 Arrow-grass , 108 Arrowhead 108 Artemisia 210 Artichoke 209 Arums 125 2l6 PAGE ASCLKPIADACE^ 183 Asclepias 183 Ash 181 Asparagus 128 Aspen 132 Asplenium 104 Aster 204 Astragalus 161 Atriplex 139 Avena 114 Avens 156 Bahia 209 Balsaminace^ 170 Balsamorrhiza 209 Balsam Poplar 132 Balsamroot 209 Baneberry 144 Barberry 147 Barnyard-grass 109 Basswood 171 Bastard Toad-flax 135 Batrachium 146 Bearberry 180 Beard -grass 109 Beard-tongues 192 Bear's-grass 128 Beckmannia 115 Beckwith's Clover 159 Bedstraws 195 Bellwort Family 197 Bellwort 127 Bent-grass 113 Berberidace^ 147 Berberis ... i47 Berula 179 Betulace^ 133 Betula 133 Bicuculla 147 Bidens 209 Bigelovia 202 Bilberry 180 Bindweed 184 Birch 133 Bird's- foot Trefoil 160 Bittersweet 169 Bitterweed 200 Black Cherry 158 PAGE Black-eyed Susan 208 Black Mustard 148 Black Raspberry 154 Black Snakeroot 177 Black Walnut 131 Bladder Campion 142 Bladder-pod 150 Bladderwort 194 Blazing Star 201 Blight 139 Blitum 139 Bloodroot 147 Blue Cohosh 147 Blue-eyed Grass 130 Blue Joint 114 Boltonia 204 Boneset 201 BORAGINAGE^ 185 Borage Family 185 Botrychium ... 103 Bottle Brush 176 Bouncing Bet 141 Bouteloua 115 Box Elder 170 Brachyelytrum 112 Brake 104 Brassica 148 Brauneria 208 Brewer's Cliff-brake 104 Brittle-fern 103 Brome 118 Bromus 118 Broomrape Family 194 Buckbean Family 182 Buckthorn Family 170 Buckwheats 135 Buffalo Berry 174 Buffalo Burr 164 Buffalo Clover 159 Buffalo Currant 153 Buffalo Grass 115 Buffalo Pea 161 Bug-seed 139 Bulbilis 115 Bulrush 121 Bunch-flowers 127 Bupleurum 179 217 PAGE Burdock 212 Bur-head 108 Burning Bush 169 Burr Cucumber 197 Bur-reed 106 Burr Marigold 209 Burr Oak I34 Bursa 150 Bush Clover 164 Bushy Blue steui 109 Buttercups 144 Butterfly Weed 183 Button Snakerooi 201 C^SAivPiNACE-?-: 1 58 Cactace.^ 173 Cactus Family 1 73 Cactus 173 Calamagrostis 114 Calamovilfa 114 Callitrichace^ 168 Callitriche 168 Calochortus 128 Caltha 144 Camelina 150 Campanulace^ 197 Campanula 197 Canary Grass no Cancer Root 194 Canoe Birch 133 Cannabis 134 Caper Family 152 Capnoides 148 Capparidace^ 152 Caprifoi^iace^ 195 Capsella 150 Caraway 179 Cardamine 149 Carduus 212 Carex 122 Carrion Flower 129 Carrot Family 177 Carum 179 Caryophyllace^ 141 Cassia 158 Castilleja 193 Catabrosa 116 Catchfly 141 PAGE Catnip 188 Cat's-foot 207 Cat-tails 106 Caulophyllum 147 Ceanotbus 170 CEI.ASTRACE.4i 169 Celastrus 169 Celtis 134 Centaurea 213 Centunculus 181 Cerastium 142 Ceratophyli,ace.1'; 143 Ceratophyllum 143 Cercis 158 Cercocarpus 156 Chaffweed 18 1 Chamtenerion 174 Cheeses 171 Cheilanthes 104 Cenchrus no Chenopodiace.e . 138 Chenopodium 138 Cherries 157 Chickweed 141 Chicory Family 198 Choke Cherry 158 Chrysanthemum 210 Chrysopogon 109 Chrysothamnus 202 CiCHORiACE^ 198 Cicuta 179 Cinna 113 Cinquefoils 154 Circaea 176 ClSTACE^ 172 Clammy-weed 152 Claytonia 141 Clearweed 135 Cleavers 195 Clematis 145 Cleoma 152 ClifF-brake 104 Clovers 159 Club Mosses 105 Club Rushes 121 Cnicus 213 Cocklebur 200 2l8 PAGE Colicroot 20I Collinsia 192 Collomia 1S5 Columbine 144 Comandra 135 CoMMEUNACE^ 126 Compass Plant 207 COMPOSIT.E 200 Con VALLARIACE^ 1 28 CONVOLVULACE-^ 184 Convolvulous 184 Corallorhiza 131 Coral-root 131 Cord-grass 115 Coreopsis 209 Coringia 152 Corispernum 139 CORNACE-5£ 179 Corn Cockle 142 Cornel 1 79 Cornflower 213 Cornus 179 Corydalis 148 Corylus 133 Cottonwood 132 Cotton-grass 121 Couch-grass 118 Cow-herd 141 Cow-parsnip 177 Cowslip 181 Crab-grass 109 Cranberry Tree 195 Crane's Bills 166 Crassulace^ 152 Crataegus 157 Creeping Red Cedar 106 Crepis 199 Cress 149 Crotalaria 159 Croton 167 Crowfoots 144 Crucifer.^ 148 Cryptotiznia 179 Cryptanthe 186 Cuckoo-flower 150 CuCURBITACE.1v 1 97 Culver's Root 193 I'AGE CUSCUTACE^V 184 Cuscuta 1 84 Cup Plant 207 Currant 153 Cycloloma 139 Cymopterus 177 CVPERACE^ 1 20 Cyperus 1 20 Cypripedium 1 30 Cystopteris 103 Dactylis 116 Dakota Vetch 1 60 Dalea 161 Dandelion 1 98 Danthonia 115 Daucus 177 Delphinium 144 Deringia 179 Destnanthus 158 Desmodiutn 1 64 Dicentra 147 DICOTYLEDONE - 131 Diplachne 115 Diosporum 1 29 Distchlis 116 Docks 136 Dodder Family ... 1 84 Dodecatheon 181 Doellingeria 207 Dogbane Family 183 Dogwood Family 179 Dogwoods 1 79 Dondia 139 Draba i .50 Dracocephalum 189 Dragonhead 189 Drupace^ 157 Dryopteris 104 Duckweeds 126 Dutchman's Breeches 147 Dwarf Cornel 179 Dysodia 210 Eatonia 116 Echinacea 208 Echinocystis 197 Echinodorus 108 Echinosperinuni 186 219 PAOE Echiutn 187 Ei.ATiNACE^ 172 Elatine 172 Elder 195 EivAEAGNACE^ 174 Elaeagnus 174 Eleocharia 120 Eel-grass 108 Ellisia 185 Elm 134 Elymus 119 Enchanter's Nightshade 176 Epilobium 174 Equisetum 105 EOUISETACE^ 105 Eragrostis 116 ERICACE/E 180 Erigeron 205 Eriocarpum 202 Eriogonum 135 Eriophorum 121 Eryngium 177 Erysimum 151 Euonymus ] 69 Eupatorium 200 Euphorbiace.^ 167 Euphorbia 167 Eurotia 139 Euthamia 203 Evax 207 Evening Primrose Family.... 174 Evening Primrose 174 Evolvulus 184 Fagace.i; 134 Falcata 165 False Indigo 160 False Pimpernel 192 False Red-top 117 Fame-flower 141 Ferns 103 Fescue 118 Festuca 118 Fetid Marigold 210 Figwort Family 191 Filago 207 Finger Grass 109 Fireweed 174 PAGE Flag 130 Flax Family 166 Fleabanes 205 Flowering Plants 106 Fogfruit 187 Forget-me-not 187 Four-o'clocks 140 Foxtail no Fragaria 154 Franseria 200 Frasera 182 Fraxinus 181 Fringed Orchis 131 Fritillaria 128 Frostweed 172 Gaertneria 200 Gaillardia 2 [o Galium 195 Garlics 128 Gaura 176 Gayophyton 176 Gentianace^: 182 Gentiana 182 Gentian Family 182 Gentians 182 Geraniace.*; 166 Geranium Family 166 Geranium 166 Gerardia 193 Germander 188 Geum 156 Giant Hyssop 188 Gilia 185 Ginseng Family 176 Glasswort 139 Gleditsia 158 Glyceria 117 Glycyrrhiza 164 Golden Aster 202 Goldenrods 203 Goody era 1 3 [ Gooseberry 153 Goosefoots 13S Goosegrass 194 Gourd Family 197 Gramine^ 109 Grape Family 170 220 PAGE Grape-fern 103 Grapes 170 Grasses 109 Grass of Parnassus 152 Green Ash 181 Greenbrier 130 Grindelia 202 Groniwell 187 Grossulariace^ 153 Ground Cherry 190 Groundnut 165 Ground Pine 105 Ground Plum 161 Groundsel 211 Gum Plant 202 Gutierrezia 202 Gymnocladus 158 Gymnosperm^ 105 Gymnosperms 105 Gyroslachys 131 Habenaria 130 Hackberry 134 Haloragidace^ 176 Harebell 197 Hare's-ear Mustard 152 Hazelnut 133 Hawkweed 199 Heath Family 180 Hedeoma . 189 Hedge Bindweed 184 Hedge Hyssop 192 Hedge Mustard 148 Hedge Nettle 189 Hedysarum 164 Helenium 210 Helianthella 209 Helianthemum 172 Helianthus 208 Heliopsis 208 Heliotropium 185 Hemp 134 Heracleum . 177 Herpestis 192 Heteranthera 126 Heuchera 152 Hibiscus 171 Hieracium 199 PAOK Hierochloe 1 1 1 Hippuris 176 Hoarhound 190 Hog Peanut 165 Homalobus 163 Homalocenchrus no Honewort 179 Honeysuckle Family 195 Hop Clover 159 Hops 134 Hordeum 119 Hornwort 143 Hosackia 160 Horseradish 149 Horse-tails J05 Horseweed 206 Huckleberry Family 180 Humulus 13d Hungarian Grass no Hydrophyllace.^ 185 Hydrophyllum 185 Hymenopappus 209 Hypericace^ 171 Hypericum 171 H ypoxis 1 30 Hyssop 1 89 Hyssopus 190 Hysanthes 1 92 Impatiens 170 Indian Hemp 183 Indian Mallow 171 Indian Pipe Family 180 Indian Pipe 180 Indian Rice . . no Indian Soapweed 12S Indian Turnip 125 Ipomoea 184 Iridace^ 130 Iris 130 Ironweed 200 Iron-wood 133 Iva 200 Ixophorus 1 10 Jewel-weed Family 1 70 JUNCACE^ 126 Juncus 1 26 Juncoides 127 221 PAGE JUGDLANDACE^ I3I Juglans 131 June Berry 157 Juniper 106 Juniperus 106 Kentucky Blue-grass 116 Kentucky Coffee-tree 158 Knot-grass 137 Knot-weed 137 Koeleria 116 Krynitzkia i86 Kuhnia 201 Kunistera 161 IvABIAT.4<: 188 Laciniaria 201 Lactuca 198 Ladies' Slipper 130 Ladies' Tresses 131 Lady-fern 104 Lamb'd quarters 138 Laportea 135 Lappula 186 Larkspur 144 Lathyrus 165 Lead Plant 160 Leeks 127 Leersia no Legouzia 197 Lemna 126 LEmnace^ 126 Lentibulariace.^ 194 * Leonurus 189 Lepachys 208 Lepargyrsea 174 Lepidium 148 Leptandra 193 Leptilon 206 Lespedeza 164 Lesquerella 150 Lettuce 198 Leucocrinum 527 Liairis 201 Lithospermum 187 LiLiACE^ 127 Lilies 127 Lilium 128 Lily of the Valley 128 PAGE Linages 166 Linaria 191 Linden Family 171 Linnaea 196 Linum 166 Lip-fern 104 Lippia 187 Little Club Mosses 105 Loasace^: 173 Loasa Family 173 Lobelia 197 Loco-weed 163 Lonicera 196 Loosestrife Family 174 Loosestrife 174 Lophanthus 189 Lophotocarpus io8 Lopseed 194 Lotus 160 Lousewort 193 Luetkea 154 Lungwort 187 Lupines 159 Lupinus 159 Lychnis 141 Lycopodiace^ 105 Lycopus 190 Lycopodium 105 Lygodesmia 198 Lysitnachia 181 Lythrace^E 174 Ly thrum 174 Machseranthera 205 Macrocalyx 185 Madder Family 194 Mahonia 147 Maiden-hair 104 Majanthenium 129 Male-fern T04 Mallow Family 171 Malva 171 Malvace^ 171 Malvastrum 171 Maniillaria 173 Manna Grass 117 Maple Family 169 Mariposa Lily 128 222 PAGE Marsh Foxtail 112 Marsh Marigold 144 Marsilea 104 Marsileace.^i; 104 Matthiola 151 Matricary Grape fern 103 Mayweed 210 Meadow Grass 117 Meadow Parsnip 178 Meadow Rue 147 Meadow-sweet 154 Meibomia 164 Mei.anthace^: 127 Melilotus 159 Menispermace.4v 147 Menispermum 147 Mentha igo Mentzelia 173 Menyanthace-*;.'. 182 Menyanthes 182 Meriolix 1 75 Mertensia. 187 Mesquite Grass 1 15 Micrampelis 197 Milk Purslane 167 Milk Vetches 162 Milkweed Family 183 Milkwort Family 167 Mimosace^ 158 Mimosa Family 158 Mimulus 192 Mint Family 188 Modesty 179 Moehringia 143 Monarda . 1S9 MONOCOTYLEDONS 106 Monkey Flower 192 Monkshood 144 Monniera 192 Monolepis 139 Monotropa 180 MONOTROPACE.i; 180 Moonseed Family 147 MORACE.Ii. 134 Morning Glory Family 184 Morongia 158 Moras • 134 PAGE Moss Champion 142 Moschatel Family 196 Motherwort 189 Mountain Ash 157 Mountain Rice 11 1 Mouse Tail 145 Mud Plantain 126 Muhlenbergia 112 Mulberry 134 Mullen 192 Munroa 115 Musineon 178 Mustard Family 148 Myosotis 187 Myosurus 145 Myriophyllum 176 Nabalus 199 Naiad 106 Naiadace^ 106 Naias 107 Nasiurtium 149 Naumbergia 18 f Neckweed 193 Nepeta 189 Nettles 135 Nightshades 191 Ninebark 153 Northern spleanwort 104 Nothocalia 198 Nyctaginace.E 140 Nymphtea 143 NYMPHiEACE^i-: 143 Oak-fern 103 Oat-grass 114 CEnothera 175 OivEACE^ 181 Oleaster Family 1 74 Olive Family i8r Onagra i75 Onagrace.t-: 174 Onoclea 103 Onosmodium 187 Ophiogi,ossacE-K 103 Opulaster 153 Opuntia 173 Orchard-grass n6 Orchidace.i; 130 223 PAGE Orache 139 Oreocarya 186 Oregon Woodsia 103 Orchids 130 Orobanchace^E 194 Orobanche 194 Orophaca 163 Orpine Family 152 Orthocarpus 193 Oryzopsis iii Osrnorrhiza 178 Ostrich-fern 103 Ostrya 133 OXALIDACE.K 166 Oxalis 166 Ox Eye 208 Oxygraphis 146 Oxytropis 163 Pachylophus. 175 Tainted Cup 193 Panicularia 117 Panicum 109 Papaverace-K 147 Papillionace.*: 15S Parietaria 135 Parnassia 152 Paronichia 143 Parosela i6r Parsley 177 Parsnip 178 Parthenocissus 170 Pasque Flower 145 Pastinaca 177 Pea Family 158 Pedicularis 193 Pellaea 104 Pellitory 135 Pennyroyal 189 Penthorum 152 Pentstemon 191 Pepper-grass 148 Peramium 131 Persicaria 136 Fetalostemon 161 Petasites 211 Peucedanum 177 Phaca 163 PAGE Phalaris no Phegoptoris 103 Philotria 108 Phleum IT2 Phlox 185 Phlox Family 185 Phragmites 115 Phryma I94 PHRYMACEyE 194 Physalis 19° Physaria 150 Physostegia 189 Picea 105 Pickerel-weed • 126 Picradenia 210 Pigeon grass no Pigweed 138 Pilea 135 PiNACE.E. Pinus 105 Pine Drops j8o Pinks 141 Pl,ANTAGINACE^ 194 Plantago 194 Plantain Family i94 Pleurisy Root 183 Plum Family 157 Poa 116 Poison Ivy • • - 169 Poison Oak 169 Polanisia 152 POLEMONIACE^ 185 Polygala 167 POLYGAlvACE^ 167 POLYGONACE^ 135 Polygonatum 1 29 Polygomum 136 PoLYPODiACE^ 103 Polypodium 104 Polypody 104 Pomaces 156 Pond Lily I43 Pond Weed 106 Poplar. 132 Poppy Family 147 Populus 132 Porcupine Grass iii Portulaca 141 224 PAGE PORTULACACE^ 141 Potamogeton 106 Potato Family 190 PONTEDERIACE^ 126 Potentilla 154 Powder-horu 142 Prairie Clover 161 Prairie Turnip 160 Prenanthes 199 Prickly Ash 167 Prickly Pear 173 Primrose Family. 18 r Prosartes 129 PrimuIvACE^ 181 Prunella 189 Prunus 157 Psoralea 160 PTERIDOPAYTKS 103 Pteris 104 Pterospora 180 Puccoon 187 Purple-stemed Cliff-brake 104 Purslane 141 Pursley 141 Pulsatilla 145 Pyrola 180 Pyroi^ace^ 180 Pyrus 157 Quack-grass 118 Quamoclit 184 Quercus 134 Ragweed Family 200 Ragworts 212 Ranunculace^ 144 Ranunculus 146 Ratibida 208 Rattle-box 159 Rattlesnake Plantain 131 Rattlesnake Root 199 Rayless Goldenrod 202 Red Ash 181 Redbud 158 Red Cedar 106 Red Osier 179 Red Raspberry. . . 154 RedroDt 170 Redtop 113 P.\GE Reed Grass 113 Rhamnace^ 170 Rhus 169 Ribes 153 Rice Cut-Grass no Rock-cress 151 Rock Maple 169 Rocky Mountain Woodsia .... 103 Rock-rose Family . 172 Roripa 148 Rosa 156 Rosacea 153 Rose Family 153 Roses 156 Rudbeckia 208 RUBIACE^ 194 Rubus 154 Rue Family . . . . : 167 Rumex 136 Ruppia 107 Rushes 126 Rush -grass 112 Russian Thistle 139 RUTACE^ . 167 Sage 189 Sagebush 211 Sagittaria 108 Salicace^ X32 Salicornia 139 Salix 132 Salmon-berry 154 Salsify 19S Salsola 139 Salvia 189 Sambucus 195 Sand Cherry 157 Sand Burr no Sandwort 143 Sanguinaria 147 Sanicula 177 Santalace^ 135 Saponaria 141 Sarsaparilla 177 Savastana iii Saxifraga 152 SaxifragacE^ 152 Saxifrages 152 225 PAGE Scbedonnardus 115 SCHEUCHZERIACE^ Io8 Schollera 126 Schrankia 158 Schrophularia 191 SCHROPHUi,ARiACE.^ 191 Scirpus 121 Scouring-rusb 105 Scutellaria 188 Sedges 120 Sedum 152 Selaginella 105 SELAGiNEiyL^CE.^ 105 Selfheal 189 Senaca Grass iii Senecio 211 Senna Family 158 Sensitive-brier 158 Sensitive fern 103 Senitive Pea 158 Service Berry 157 Setaria no Sheep Sorrel 136 Shepherdia 174 Shepherd's Purse 150 Shin-leaf 180 Shoe-string i6r Shooting Star i8r Sickle-pod 151 Sicyos 197 Silene 141 Silphium 207 Silver-berry 174 Silver Maple 169 Sinapsis 148 Sisymbrium 148 Sisyrinchium 130 Sium 178 Skullcap 188 Skunk-bush 169 Slippery Elm 134 Smartweed 137 Smilacace^ 129 Smilacina 128 Smilax 1 29 Snakeroot 177 Sneezewort 210 PAGE Snowberry 196 Soapwort 141 Soft Maple 169 SOLANACE^ 190 Solanum 191 Solidago 202 Solomon's Seal 129 Sonchus 198 Sophia 150 Sophora 158 Sorbus 156 Sow Thistle 198 Sparc \NiACE^: 106 Sparganium 106 Spartina 1 15 Spear-grass 117 Specularia 197 Speedwells 193 Spergula 143 SPERMOPHYTI-:-^ ij5 Spiderwort 1 26 vSpiesia 163 Spikenard 128 Spike-rushes 1 20 Spiraea 154 Spiranthes 131 Spirocela 1 26 Spleenwort 104 Sporobolus 112 Spruce 105 Spurey 147 Spurge Family 163 Spurges 167 Squaw Currant 153 Squirrel-tail-grass 119 Stachys 189 Staff-tree Family 169 Staghorn Sumac 169 Stanleya 148 Star-grass 130 Steironema iSi Stellar ia 142 Stickseeds 1S6 Sticktight 2C9 Stipa Ill Stitch-wort 142 St. Johns-wort Familj- 171 226 Stock 151 Stonecrop 152 Strawberry 154 Streptopus 1 29 Strong-scented Eragrostis 116 Strophostyles 165 Sugar Maple 169 Sumac Family 169 Sunflower 208 Sweet Cicely 1 78 Sweet Clover 159 Sweet Coltsfoot 211 vSweet Flag 125 Sweet Locust 158 Swertia [82 Symphoricarpus 196 Syntherisma 109 Synthris 192 Taliuum 141 Tall Marsh-grass 115 Tanacetum 210 Tansy 210 Tansey Mustard 150 Tape-grass 108 Taraxacum 198 Tare 165 Tellima 153 Teucrium 1 88 Texas Thistle 191 Thalaspi 148 Thalesia 194 Thalictrum 147 Thermopsis 159 Thin-grass 113 Thistle Family 200 Thistles 212 Thorn apple 157 Thoroughwort 201 Tickseed 109 Tick -trefoils 164 Timothy 112 Tilia 171 TlWACE.5i 171 Toad Flax 191 Toad Rush ] 26 Tobacco Root 196 Touch-me-nots 170 PAGE Tower Mustard 151 Tradescantia 126 Tragopogon 198 Trailing Mahonia 147 Trifolium 159 Triglochin 108 Trillium 1 29 7 roximon 1 98 Tumble Weed 1 40 Tumbling Mustard 148 Turkey-foot Grass 109 Twin flower 195 Twist-foot 1 29 Typha 106 Typhacete 106 Ulmace^ 134 Ulmus T34 Utrbrella-wort 140 Umbellifer.*; 177 Umbel worts 177 Unifolium 1 29 Urtica 135 URTlCACEiE T35 Urticastrum 135 Utricularia 194 Uvularia 127 Vaccaria 141 VACCINEACE-av 180 Vaccinium 180 Vagnera 128 Valerian 197 Valeriana 196 VAI.ERINACE.E 196 Vallisneria 108 Vai,i.isneriace^ 108 Venice Mallow 171 Venus-hair fei n 104 Verbascum 191 Verbena 187 Verbenace^E 187 Vernonia 200 Veronica 192 Vervain Family 187 Vervains 187 Vesicaria 1 50 Vetch 164 Vetchlings 165 227 PAGE Viburnum 195 Vicia 164 Viper's Bugloss 187 Viola 172 ViOLACK.^-: 172 Voilet Family 172 Virginia creeper 170 Virginian Grape-fern 103 Virgin's Bower 145 Viscid Aster 205 VlTACE^ 170 Vitis 170 Wahoo 169 Wake-robin 129 Wall-flower 152 Walnut 131 Washingtonia 178 Water-cress 149 Water-crowfoot 146 Water Fennel 168 Water Helmock 179 Water Hemp 140 Water Hoarhound 190 Waterleaf Family 185 Water Lilies 143 Water Millfoil Family 176 Water-Plantain 108 Water Starwort Family 268 Water Star-grass 126 Water wort 172 Water- whirl'Grass 116 Western Blight 139 Western Ruppia 107 Western Stipa 1 1 1 Western Water Hemp 140 Western Wheat Grass 119 Western Yellow Pine 105 Wheat-grass 118 White Ash iSr White Campion 141 Whita Clover 159 White Daisy 210 r AGE White Elm 134 White Grass i ro White Mustard 148 White Sage 139 White Spruce 105 Whitlow-grass ... 150 Wild Bean 165 Wild Bergamot 189 Wild Carrot 177 Wild Leeks 127 Wild Licorice 1 64 Wild Oats 114 Wild Onions. 127 Wild Parsnip 177 Wild Peas 165 Wild Plum 157 Wild Rice no Wild Rye 119 Wild Sarsaparilla 177 Willow Herb 174 Willows 132 Wind Flower 145 Wintergreen Family 180 Witch Grass no Wolf berry 196 Wolfsbane 144 Woodbine 1 70 Wood Nettle 135 Woodsia 103 Woodsorrel Family 166 Wormwood 210 Wultenia 193 Xanthium 2co Xanthoxylum 167 Yarrow ■ 210 Yellow Pine 105 Yucca 128 Zannichellia 107 Zizania no Zizia 17S Zygademus 127 ERRATA. Page loi Page 103 Page 106 Page 107 Page no Page no, Page III Page 112 Page 114 Page 114. Page 115, Page 115 Page ns Page n6 Page ii5. Page I Page 119. Page 119, Page 126 Page 126 Page 128 Page 128 Page 129 Page 129 Page 130, Page 130, Page 133 Page 139, Page 141 Page 141 Page 141 Page 142 Page 142, Page 143 Page 144 Page 145, Page 150, Page 153, Page i;3 Page 154 Page 154 Page 155, Page 155 Page 156 Page 156 Page 156 Page 156 Page 161 Page 165 Page I 7th line, for herberium, read herbarium. 5th line, for matricarifolium, read matricariaefoliura. 4th line, insert (L) after Virginiana. 30th line, for occideutalis, read occidentalis. 8th line, for Capillare, read capillare. 14th and 15th lines, for Viridis and Viridis, read viridis and vtridis. 20th line, for Spartea, read spartea. 14th line, for Sylvatica, read sylvatica. 5th line, for macouniana, read Macouniana. 39th line, for Striata, read striata. ist line, for Danlhona, read Dauthonia. 3rd line, for Cynosuroides, read cynosuroides. 19th line, for Curtipendula, read curtipendula. 4th line, for purshii, read Purshii. 6th line, for Major, read major. 24th line. Cough-grass, read Couch-grass. 15th line, for Jubatum, read jubatum. 30th line, for Elymoides, read elymoides. 2nd line, for Spirodella, read Spirodela. nth line, for virginiana, read Virginiana. 27th line, for Officinalis, read officinalis. 30th line, for Spiknard, read Spikenard. 6th line, for amqlexicaulis, read amplexicaulis. 22nd line, for Commutatum, read commutatum. i2th line, for augustifolium, read angustifolium. 27th, 31st, 34th lines, for Cyprepedium, read Cypripediutn. 17th line, for virginica, read Virginica. 7th and 8th lines, for Cycloma, read Cycloloma. i6th line, for Silena, read Silene. 19th and 2ist lines, Lychinis, read Lychnis. 19th line, for Champion, read Campion. i2th, 14th, 17th and 20th lines, for Silena, read Silene. i2th, 14th and 17th lines, for Champion, read Campion. 24th line, for oderata, read odorata. 28th line, for Fisher's, read Fischer's. 5th line, for virginiana, read Virginiana. 15th line, for Shepard's, read Sheperd's. 12th line, for Setosum, read setosum. 15th line, for Riber, read Ribes. 12th line, for nutkanus, read Nutkanus. 31st line, for Vesca, read vesca. 15th line, for hippiana, read Hippiana. 2oth line, for fruiticosa, read fruticosa. 9th line, for Macrophyllum, read macrophyllum. 17th line, for AgrtmoHta, read Agrotnonia. soth line, for Agrimonia, read Agromonia. 2Sth line, for woodesii, read Woodsii. 17th, 2ist, 26th and 31st lines, for Pelahlemon, read PelaloUemon. 2ist and 22nd lines, for Apois, read Apios. 19th line, for dictyosporma, read dictyosperma. Page i68, 25th line, for mountain, read montana. Page 169, i6th line, for atropurpureous, read atropurpureus. Page 170, 27th line, for Vulpina, read vulpina. Page 171, 4th line, for Tilliacefe, read Tiliacea:. Page 171, loth line, for Sylvestris, read sylvestris. Page 177, 5th line, for carrota. read carota. Page 178, ist line, for canadensis, read Canadensis. Page 17S, 2nd line, for canadensis, read Canadensis. Page 179, 13th line, for canadensis, read Canadensis. Page 179, i8th line, for auguslifolia, read anguslifolia. Page 180, 8th line, for Elliptica, read elliptica. Page 184, 20th line, for Kpithymum, read epithymum. Page 185, 29th line, for Curassavicum, read curassavicum. Page 1S7, 24th line, for MoUe, read inoUe, for Cromwell, Cromwell Page 1S9, 28th and 30th lines, for Bergamont, read Bergamol. Page 203, 25th line, for Kadula, read radula. Page 209, 17th line, Cereopsis, read Coreopsis. ^ New York Botanical Garden Library QK172.S28 gen Saunders, De Alton/Ferns and flowerinq IS and flowerinq p 3 5185 00030 1182