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CO 2 CO Z » CO — > 2 >'■' i i’ ^ ^ If t- THE 40l F418 Moii> FESTIVDS WILLIAM H. DALIj SECTIONAL HORARY ™ SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968 MEETS THIRD THURSDAY CASA DEL PRADO BALBOA PARK ROOM 104 7:30 P.M. President: Hugh Bradner WicB President: Sandie Seckington Recording Secretary: Jacquie Berzins Corresponding Secretary Karen Hogan Treasurer: Walter Robertson Editor: Carole M, Hertz ANNUAL DUES: Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc. Single membership S4,0D; Family membership S5.00: Overseas surface $4,50; Student membership $3,00, CLUB ADDRESS: Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc#, c/o 3863 Mt , Blackburn Ave., San Diego, Ca. 92111, Vol. XI January 1979 No , 1 PROGRAM: Forrest and Leroy Poorman uill speak on "The San Carlos * Rectangle." Their up-to-the-ninute talk (they just re- * ♦ * * * Date: Jan, 18. Time: 7:30 P.M, Room 104 * turned from Mexico) mill be accompanied by slides and a shell display under glass. THE CHRISTMAS PARTY By BLANCHE BREWER One more Shell Liub Christmas Party is now history. Statistically, it uas the seventeenth — enjoyably it uas definitely one of the best. La Sale, in the House of Hospitality^ has the warm feeling of a private home and is just the right size for a group like ours. We had time before dinner to greet old friends and neu. There were several present who hadn't been seen for a long time. We missed the treasured members uho were absent. During dinner (which uas delicious — and the uine) ue thanked the out- going officers and presented the officers for '79, and ue toasted the neuly- ueds. Dr, and Mrs, Hans hertsch^ uho were being married that evening. Then, for the third time, ue were charmed and entertained by the choral group. The Madison High Honor Ensemble under their director, Mr, Gilbert Sloan, It's entirely joyful to listen to — and uatch them. They so obviously enjoy singing together. They move to and through their audience including their listeners in the spirit of their songs. When the singers had left ue drew numbers for the shell gifts. There uas rm waiting to open the packages. Who says Christmas is for children? Then Carole Hertz "sat down to the piano" and she played and played and ue sang and sang — two books worth of Christmas carols. We did have such a good time — and to those uho couldn't be there, ue missed you — and Happy New Year! f^IIMUTE SHELLS By 3ULES HERTZ The Egmily Ceecidae cnnsists of numerous small shells commonly found in grunge taken either intertidally or dredged. The spiral nuclear whorls are shed when the teleoconch begins to form and ere replaced in most species by an apical plug. This month, we feature some common species from Southern California and Baja California. The species are representative of three genera, l.e. (1) Caecum Fleming, 1813, (2) Fartulum Carpenter, 1857, and (3) Elephantulum Carpenter, 1857.' In the Genus Caecum, the identifying feature is a series of well-devel- oped annulations (rings) which encircle the tube. This can be seen in the three species below from southern L^olifornia with the _C, dalli Bartsch, 192D showing more developed annulations than the C, califcrnicum Call, 1885 which in turn is more developed than the _C, crebricinct urn (Carpenter. 18SL). There are several species cf Caecum found in the San Felipe, Baja California, Mexico area and pictured below is one tentatively identified as C. quadratum Carpenter, 1857. Caecum dalli Bartsch, 192B Length: 2 mm. Feta, 18, 1926 La Jolla, Ca, in grunge. C. calif ornicum Dali, 1885 Length: 2,5 mm. Leg. J. Herta May 21, 1966 under rocks. Bird Rock, San DiegO/Ca. C, crebricinctum (Carpenter, 1864) Length: 4 mm. Leg. D. Mulliner May 17, 1970 in grunge, 80 ft. off Pt, Loma, San Diego, Ca. C, quadratum Carp, Length: 2,8 mm. Leg, J. Hertz Mar. 9, 1970 Radar Beach, 20 miif south of San Felipe' B.C., Mexico^ on pen' shell in coarse san: The species in the Genus Fartulum are distinguished by being smooth and having a cap-shaped apical plug. The F art ul urn o rcut t i (Dali, 1885) pictured on the following page was found in grunge taken from the Entrance Channel, San Diego, Ca, There is considerable confusion in the literature as to the genera of the Caecidae, Keen a971) states, "Although genera have been named on the 3 basis of shell characters, they are far from being clear cut, and many species are assigned uith difficulty because they seem to be borderline between two genera," This is particularly true when considering the genera Elephantulum Carpenter, 1357 and Elephant anellum Qartsch, 1920, Keen's key on the Caecidae distinguishes these in the following way, i.e, the sculpture of species of Elephantulum consists only of longitudinal ridges while that of Eiephantanellum species consist of both longitudinal ridges and rings. This becomes a wery difficult identification problem when the shells have faint annulations or hihen the shells are worn, I agree uith Abbott (1974) who deals with this problem by putting Eiephantanellum in synonymy to Elephantulum Carpenter, 1357, His description of distinguishing character- istics for Elephantulum are medium to large specimens, longitudinal ridges or axial rings or a combination of both in varying degrees of strength, and usually a strong and pointed mucro. However, Abbott considers Caecum Fleming, 1313: Fartulum ‘-'arpenter, 1357; and Elephantulum Carpenter, 1357 as suhqenera to the Genus Caecum Fleming, 1313, In this matter, I agree uith Keen's treatment which considers them as individual genera. The shell pictured below is tentatively identified as ‘Elephantulum liratocinctum Csrpenter, 1857, The specimen which is pictured is a worn one which complicates identification. Carpenter originally described a num- ber of variants to _E, liratocinctum such as subconicum. subobsoletum, and tenuiliratum, which are now given full species status (Keen!) , It is oossible that the shell below is one of the variants. Photographs of all the specimens were taken by ‘^avid K, Mulliner, FEuTIiyUS staff photographer. Fartulum orcutti (Dali, 1885) Length: 3,7 mm. Sept. 7, 1970 Leg, G.n, Hertz Entrance Channel, San Diego,. Ca, in grunge, 10-20 ft. Elephantulum liratocinctum Carp,, 1857 Length: 3,5 mm, Concepcion Bay, Baja Calif,, Mexico In grunge, old collection 4 REFERENCES Abbott, R. Tucker, 1974. American Seashells, Second Edition, Wan IMostrand Reinhold C,, 663 pages. Keen, A. Myra, 1971, Sea shells of tropical UJest America, Sttanford Univ, Press, 1064 pages. \ L IIM MEMORIAM With deep sadness ue report the death of our longtime friend, Waneta Ames, She died follouing surgery and a long illness, on December 29, 1978 in her home in Eureka, Arkansas, * lilaneta was a cherished member of the San Diego Shell Club and a generous one. Many a fun-filled Club auction was held in the lanai of the Ames* home in San Diego. After their return from Cliff's second tour of duty in Japan, Uaneta became a dealer in shells and generously donated shells to many organizations' fundraisers throughout the country. Those who knew Uianeta hold memories of her humor and her many kindnesses, Dur heartfelt sympathy goes out to her husband. Cliff, notes TAhB-r..^ T. WiiERS ■ e wish to th;. rik tioe Deun Fiichbrt for her very generous ionation to the Ehell Club Library of Vagner and Abbott's bt;. ndard Cate log of Shells, Third Ehitinn, 1978, by Robert J. L. V.agner and n. TucKer Abbott. Greeneville, Delaware. i|35.00. This is an updated and revised edition of the material in the 19^7 (2nd Ed.) of Van Nostr:.nd's Standard Catalog of Shells. Added — are many names to the collector's favorite families i.e. Cypraeid.ie, 'Jluricidae, Volutidae and Conidae. New — are sections on the families Epitonidae, Columbellidae and Olividae. Values are mostly conservative, arrr.nged alphabetically in a separate section. Printed on heavy durable paper, the volume is contained in a somewhat unwieldy loose-leaf notebook so tnat possible future material may be added. Vv'hile gaining the advantage of expansion, it has lost the pocket-size convenience of the previous editions. Adding to its bulk are 50 blank sheets for listing your own collection, plus 4^ pages of world maps. It is doubtful if the 14 pages of agriculture, industry an^ resource maps will be in constant use by the collectors-owners of the volume. A quick reference to the nomenclature of the families it covers, it is extremely useful to both dealers and collectors alike. 1 5 B.ATHYBLmEIX (DiiLL, AND THF TiPFb Of bOmF RELi^iThD GFKFEA By BAf:p;.r; v... :jye[A'' -ly • --'i h 1 X ( D<. ii, 1 S 8^ ) D i .1 : a . 3 7 rn . n 4 f . !■ I- it ; -q The above eictvi-eb trochicl, Bathyberabix bplr oil (Pall , ] 889^1, vas received froe; Bon McFe.iv, Senior Biologist^ Kelco, and is in the Myers Collection. It vas col i octed April 29, 1^76, 10 miles south of Santa Bose Island, Californit , ir> 307 m of venter. D--11 (1889) nsciied the species and described tlie soft parts, but only briefly desci-ib' d the shell in the Bulletiii, Museun of Comparative Zoology 18:377. A lengthy description of the shell ap, e red in 1890 in Proceedings of the II. 8. haticnaJ Museum 12:346. The type, in the U. S. national Museum, was collected by the Alb;: truss Exi)edition off Ban Clercente Isl--nd, California, Stn. 2839, in 41^ on sand bottom. A r tben r^re deep watei" sg'ecies, it has been shifted c'.bout genericdl^ Mr r^arites Gr. y, 1 8 Turcicula. Ddl, 1881, Bathyberobix Crosse, 1893 a.nd Lis( likeici Fischer, 1879. Dali originally assigried the species to Turcicula Dali, _ 1881, then a subgenuE of Marge li t?^ Leach. Dell g<;ve no date for Miargrri ta Leach and in checKinA the literatune I found that Leach used Marg^ rit.- as a germs in 1814 and again in 1819. M--rgarita Leach, ^1814 turned out to be a bivalve; therefore Mi' rgr: ri ta Le: ch,1819, a trochid, was a hoaonym. Lea ch emended i'Ac'r[,r rite, to Mia rga I'i t e s , but it vas publisu'^d as a Hianusci ipt name by J. E. GT’ay in 1847.” Margarites Gray, 1847 (= Margarita Lea.ch, 1819, non Ma.rgarita' Leech, I8I4). 6* The type of Marg^arltes Gray. 1847, by raonotypy is (Clio) helicinus j (Phipps, 1774), (Synonym: Trochus hellcinus Fabricius, 1780}. It is a small' species about 7 mm with a smooth exterior, deep unbilicus, flat base and | round aperture. Except for the round aperture, none of these characters I apiily to Bathybembix bairdii (Pall , 1889), which a ttains a diameter of over ; two inches, has nodalous spiral sculptiu-e, is not umbilicate and has a | rounded Inflated base. Therefore, B. bairdii (Pall , 1889) has no close I relationship to the genus Margarites Gray, 1847. | The type of Turcicula Dali, 1881, by monotypy, is Margarita (Turcicula)l imperial is Dali, 1881, described from a single immature broken specimen. Dali gave no generic characters for his new subgenus other than his description of T. imperialis , which he described as thin, conical, umbilicus' reduced to a mere chink, aperture rectangular, base flattened, with deep suture partly obscured by a double row of scales etc. Batliybembix bairdii differs from Turcicula imperialis in its inflated rounded whorls and | inflated base, circular aperture, lack of umbilicus, thin epidermis and ; plain suture. 1 ! These obvious differences caused problems. Other authors have confused; the more common bairdii as a representative type of Turcicula because of I Dali’s statement in 1890 (PUSNM 12:348) following his description of I; bairdii ” has enabled me to fully describe the characters of the group and determine its place in the system of classification”. Thus we have tvi/o dissimilar types for the genus Turcicula. In the meantime, Bathybembix Crosse, 1893, new name for Bemblx V'*atson, | 1879, a homonym of Bembix de Koninck, 1844> by its type B. aeola Vvatson, ,| 1879, incorporated all the generic characters of bairdii , rounded inflated ! whorls and base, circular aperture, lack of umbilicus, thin epidermis and plain suture. 1 In 1908 Dali attempted to re-establish his genus Turcicula , by placing Bathybembix Crosse, 1893 in the synonomy of Turcicula, but as stated above, the type of Turcicula , T. imperialis , shares few generic characters with the type of Bathybembix. B. aeola . Thus we have two genera with dissimilar generic characters being ccnibined into one genus. Abbott (1974) places Bathybembix as a subgenus of Lischkeia Fischer, 1879. The type ot Lischkeia is L. alwinae (Lischke, T871) (= Trochus monillferus . Lamarck, 1816, non I8O4) . L. alwinae has a flat base, angular aperture and slit-like umbilicus. Lischkeia appears somewhat similar to Turcicula. but is very different from Bathybembix. Another perplexing combination. Summary of the genera and types: Margarltes . Gray, 1847 — type- M. hellcinus (Phipps, 1774) Lischkeia Fischer, 1879 - type- L. alwinae (Li s chke .' 1871) Turcicula Dali, 1881 Bathybembix Crosse, 1893- I concliade that Bathybembix Crosse, 1893, should be recognized as a distinct and valid genusj that bairdii which has all the generic characters of Bathybembix and which resembles the type species B. aeola (Watson, 1879) 'Should then be assigned to this genus. 7 Acknowledgement My very special thonks to Anthony D*Attilio, Curatorial Assistant, San Diego Natural History Museum, for his helpful advice and willing assistance in C'^mparing the genera. Literature Cited. Abbott, R. T., 1974. American Seashells. 2nd Edition, p. 39. Crosse, H. , 1892. Etudes Malacologiques Sur des Genres Nouveau ou Peu Connus. Journ. de Conchy. Vol. 40 PP* 288-292 Dali, W. H., 1881. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll. Vol. 9, PP* 42-43. 1889. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll. Vol. 18 p. 377 1890. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 12 pp. 346-348. 1908. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll. Vol. 43 pp 348-349. Gray, J. E., 1847. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 1, Vol. 20 p. 273. Lischke, Dr. C. E., 1871. Japanese meeres-Conchyl ien pp. 84-85. *Associate, San Diego Natural History Museum, Dept, of Marine Invertebrates FROM THE MINUTES November 16, 1978 By SANDIE SECHINGTDN Prior to the beginning of the meeting and during refreshment break, a silent auction uas again held on a selection of corals and shells, Carol Skoglund, the speaker for the evening, acquainted us with col- lecting in Panama. In addition to her discussion of good shelling places, she gave us a look at the people of the country and their customs. She shoLJBd some ujonderful slides of shells nestling on the undersides of rocks. It was a delightful presentation and caused everyone to contemplate packing their bags for Panama. Anthony O'Attilio, assisted by beautiful slides taken by Barbara Myers, discussed unidentified specimens of Coralliophilidae sent to him from the Philippines , During the business portion of the meetinn the minutes of the previous meeting were corrected. Karen Hogan was the nominated Recording Secretary and Jacquie Berzins the Corresponding Secretary rather than vice versa as was recorded. Election of officers for 1979 took place. Bob Schoening stated he must decline the nomination for president since he is being transferred, Hugh Bradner was nominated in his stead. There being no further nominations from the floor, the motion was made and seconded to accept the slate of officers. The motion passed. New officers are Hugh Bradner, President; Sandie Seckington, Vice-President; Walter Robertson, Treasurer; Keren Hogan, Recording Secretary and Jacquie Berzins, Corresponding Secretary, Following much discussion over reports that the San Diego School District had plans to take over use of rooms in the Casa Del Prado for student activi- ties, the motion was made and passed that the San Diego Shell Club protest the use of the rooms in the Casa Del Prado by the San Diego City Schools, Following the drawing for the regular door prize and the bonus drawing the meeting was adjourned. NOTICE On the next page, detachable for Inclusion with past issues, ie an index by author for the years 1970-1977 (Vols, I-IX), (The 1976 index was in the Nov. 1976 issue). In the future each November ieeue will include an index for that volume. A SELECTED INDEX TO VOLUMES I - IX (1970-1977) Listings appear alphabetically by author. Volumes I-^IX cover the years 1970-1977. A printing error resulted in the year 1977 being listed as Vol. VIII through August and Vol. IX from September through November. BAILY, JOSHUA L. Memories of Dr. Uiilliam Healy Dali, (sfl prs^anted WSM/AMU - June 1975) Vol, VI, No. 8: 48-50. ^ aiBBEY, JOE Night Div/ing in the Philippines, Vol,- II, No, 4: 6-7, BISHOP, MARTIN S. & SUSAN J. BISHOP Attracting Nassarius Mud Snails to Bait, Vol, II, No, 5: 7, BISHOP, SUSAN Fluorescence in Molluscan Shells. Vol. II, No, 4: 1-3, BISHOP, SUSAN & MARTIN BISHOP Collecting On the Rocky Shore in England, Vol, II, No, 10; 5-6. Note On The Occirrsnce of Bittium puadrif ilatum (Carpenter, 1864) In Mission Bay, Vol. II, No, 8: 5, BRAONER, HUGH The Common Couries of Fanning Island, Vol, VI, No, 11: 70-71, A Neu) Epitonid From The Ocean Depths. (Amaea siapnoi) Vol, VIII, No, 9: 60, BRADNER, MARGE Fanning Island - December 1975, Vol, VIII, No, 1: 4-5* From,,, '•Our South Pacific Holiday 1974, '• Vol, V, No, 11; 153-157, Night Adventure in Fiji, Vol. VI, No, 2: 7-8, BRADNER, MARGE & HUGH BRADNER Tahiti - 1975- The Island of Maupiti. ^ol, VII, No. 4: 21-24, BRATCHER, TuILA Collecting in Cuba. Vol, V, No, 4: 105-108. Museum Musings, Vol. VI, No. 10: 65, Notes on the Terebridae of the Eastern Pacific, Vol, I, No, 2: 1-3, Ovovivaparous Volutes, Vol, VIII, No, 5: 30-31. SilJt^er Lining, (Diving in Ecuador) Vol, II, No, 10: 6-7, Those Crazy Mixed-Up Cowries. Vol, VII, No. 9: 54, Tonga Expedition, Vol. IV, No, 2; 8-10, BREUER, BLANCHE A Trip to Easter Island, (from a talk to the Club by David Thomas) Vol, VII, No. 1: 1-2. Armchair Collecting, (from a talk to the Club by Anthony D'A^ttilio) Vol. II, No. 9: 1-3 Holiday in Micronesia, (from a talk to the Club by Tuila Bratcher & Billee ^iluorth) Vol, I, No. 4: 1-2, "Minute Shells" (from a talk to the Club by Bertram C, Draper) Vol, II, No. 5: 1-4. CLOVER, PHILLIP U. Shell Collecting in Southern Spain, Vol, II, No, 6: 1-2. Recently Named Cypraea. Vol. VII, No, 6: 32-35, COOh, Mrs. GlDRGE Stopover in Baja, (from a letter) Uol, V/I, l\lo, 3: 14-16, CURRirj, NORM Cypraea Jackpot, Uol, II, IMo, 1:10, Notes on a Mexican Shell Collecting Trip. V/ol, ll^ No. 3: 1-5, Searching for Lobiqer in the Caulerpa, Uol, II, No, 2: 5, Shelling In Senegal. Wol, UIII, No, 2: 10-15, Shelling on the Maine Coast, Uol, lU, No. 2i 11-13. D'ATTILIQ, ANTHONY New or Poorly-tinouh Coralliophilidae and Muricidae From The Western Pacific, (Part I). Uol. UIII, No. ID: 70-73. Neuj or PoorlV~^^riDun Coralliophilidae and Muricidae From The Western Pacific, (Part II). UqI. um, No. 11: 76-79. Patterns in Conus textile and Omaria Eomplexes, Uol,. I, No, 9: 1-6, Recent and Fossil Typhinae of the Neu World, (as presented to WSM/AMU- June 1975) Uol. UII, No. 5: 27-30. Remarks on Coralliophilidae (Gastropoda, Muricacea), '^ol. III, No, 8:2-5, The Intritacalx An Undescribed Shell Layer in Mollusks, Uol, II, No, 8: 1-4 The Periostracum of Mollusks, Uol, HI, No. 7; 6-7, (reprinted courtesy N,Y, Shell Notes) Uol. Ill, No. 7; 6-7. The Typhine Shell: Theme, Development and Elaboration, (as presented to WSM, June 1974) Uol. UI, No,. 9: 53-60. DILWORTH, BILLEE Diving in the San Juan Islands, Uol, UII, No. 11: 60, Hawaiian Shelling, Uol. UII, No, 3: 14-15, Samoan Hideaway. Uol. HI, No, 10: 2-3, Scammons Lagoon. Uol. U, No, 7 (June>. 117, Shells By the Touch System. Uol, U, No, ID: 150, Symbiotic Relationship? (on Wfegathura crenulata) Uol, UII, No, 6: 5-6, DRAPER, BERT C. Check List of Shells Found in Scrapings From opondylus princeps Taken at a depth of 40 feet. Southeast of Santa Rosalia, Baja California, 1969. Uol, HI, No. 4: 5-7. Checklist of shells Collected at Cholla Bay, Sonora, Mexico, Uol, UI, No. 11: 67. GEMMELL, JOYCE Excerpts From Joyce Gemmell’s Letter From San Felipe, Baja Calif,, Mexico, Uol, U, No. 2: 93, Field Observations on Gastropod Breeding and Egg Laying. Uol, lU, No, 5: 32-34, Microscopic Observations. Uol, UI, No, 7: 41-42. Notes on Egg Capsules and Larval Development of T yphis clarki Keen & Campbell, 1964. Uol. U, No. 3: 100-103. Observations of Typhis At San Felipe. Uol. I, No. 11: 3-4. Observations on Nassarius moestus (Hinds, 1844) From San Felipe, Baja Calif., Mexico. Uol. lU, No. 8: 56-57, Shrimp Boat Shelling. Uol, UI, No. 6: 34-35. GOOD, BARBARA Aquarium Observations - Polypus Bimaculatus - "Puss”, Bol, I, No. 7: 7-8. Aquarium Observations. (Cyprae'a spadicea) Uol, HI, No, 4: 4, HAMANN, GREG A First Dredging Trip. (Conus xanthicus ) Uol, UIII, No. 8: 57, HANSELMAr\l, GEORGE A. A Tiger in Your Tank. (Placiphorella veieta) Uol, WIi, I\Jo. 1: 3-6, Some Hints on the Identification of Chitons (Part I). Wol. I\y, (\)o, 4: 24-29, Part II, Uol. lU, (Mo. 5:35-39. Part III, V/ol, lO, l\lo, 6: 41-45. Addendum -Corrigendum - Apologia, Wol, lU, l\lo. 7: 47, HAIMSELMAIM, VIRGINIA Technical Abbreviations. Vol, I, No. 11: 7-9, HARGENS, A.R. & S.V. 3HABICA Freezing Resistance in the Antarctic Limpet Pat inigera polaris, (Reprinted fom Scripps Inst, of Oceanography) Uol. IV, No,. 6: 39, HERTZ, CAROLE IM. A Call From Dr, Stohler. Vol. VI, No. 1; 2. A Conversation Uith Charlene Neeb. Vol, III, No, 4; 2-3, A Treat For the Snorkeler. ^ol. VI, No, 1: 3, A Weekend At San Isidro, Baja California, Vol. II, No, 11: 7, A Weekend in Santo Tomas. Uol, I, No, 10: 5-6, An Onusual Find, (Balanus on Lytechinis ) Vol, IV, No, 1: 3, An Unusual Find and an Unusual Occurrence. (Ficus ventricosus 8 Stronqylocentritus purpuratus shedding gametes) Vol. V, No. 11: 152, And On To French Polynesia, Vol, VII, No, 7: 42-43. Anthothoe carcinophila Verrill Vol, VI, No. 7; 42, Aquarium Observations, (Cypraea spadicea) Vol, I, No. 6: 3, Aquarium Observations, (Bypraea spadicea ) Vol. I, No, 10:4, Aquarium Observations, (Solen rosaceus. Bursa californica)Vol. II, No, 2:7, Aquarium Observations, (hermit crab 8 Donax qouldi ) Vol, II, No, 3: 7, Aquarium Observations. (Cypraea spadicea egg laying) Vol. II, No, 6: 2-3, Assiminea californica, Vol. VI, No. 5: 27. Bornia chiclaya,- Dlsson, 1961 in San Felipe, Vol, VII, No. 2: 11, Collecting in Cayucos, Vol, I, No, 2: 13-15. Collecting in San Felipe, (Tequla rubrof lammulata ) Vol. II, No, 4: 3, Correction to "Traveling and Collecting in Fiji". (Vol, VII, No, 2:8) Vol. VII, No. 3: 15. Finding Chlamydoconcha orcutti Dali, 1884. Vol, VI, No. 8: 50. Finding Haminoea virescens Intert idally . Vol. VI, No. 3: 17, On Finding Erato vitellina. Vol. VI, No, ID: 64, Traveling and Collecting in Fiji. Vol, VII, No, 2: 8-10, HERTZ, CAROLE M. 8 JULES HERTZ Cayucos Revisited. . .For the uecund Time, Vol, III, No, 1: 4, Eggs of Hormospira maculosa, ^ol, VI, No. 6: 36. Playing in Kauai. Vol. IV, No, 3: 19-20, HERTZ, CAROLE M. 8 DAVE i^ULLINER An Unusual Find in San Felipe, (Dphichphis triserialis )Vol . V, No. 7: 118, HERTZ, JULES An Unusual Find. (Cantharus eleqans ) Vol, VI, No, 6: 35. Collecting In Antarctica, Vol. VIII, No, 7 : 42-54. Collecting in the San Felipe Bpga, Vol. Ill, No, 6: 7, Finding Mitromorpha carpenteri in San Diego, Vol, VI, No. 2:9. Minute Shells, (Seila assimilata, Cerithiopsis neqlecta, Nassarina melanosticta) Vol. VII, No. 3: 16, Minute Shells, (Nassarius scabriusculus . qalleqos ) Vol, VII, No, 4: 20, Minute Shells. (Odostomia) Vol. VII, No/5: 26, Minute Shells, (Cystiscus politulus, Granula minor) Vol, VII, No, 6: 36, Minute Shells. (Erato scabriuscula, Bittium, Triphora excoipa, Lithophaqa calyculata ) Vol. VII, No, 7: 44. MinutB Sholls* (T riphors po st sib 3 1 T » 3l~bsrri3t3^ T » 3d3msl > T , uni cd lo r ) Uol. UII, Wo. 8: 50. Minute Shells. (Rissoina signae, R, axeliana, R. porteri, Alvlnia lara, _A, nemo ) Uol, UII, IMo, 9: 53, Minute Shells. (Mitrella guttata, M, eleqans , Wassarius anqulicostis ) Uol. UII, Wo. 10: 61, Minute Shells, (Pseudocypraea adamsoni , Uolvulella cylindrica ) Uol. UII, Wo. 11: 61. Minute shells. (Alaba interruptelineata , Odostomia clathratula ) Uol. UIII, Wo, 1: 6. Minute Shells. (Fosssrus purus, Pedipes anqulatus ) Uol, UIII, Wo, 2: 9, Minute Shells. (Delonovolva sp., T ricolia diantha. Bulla morgana ) Uol. UIII, Wo. 3: 20. Minute Shells. (Uolv/arina taeniolata, Mspella pyramidalis ) Uol, UIII, Wo, 4: 23. Minute Shells. (Wodolittorina galapagiensis , Aqathoma camarina) ^ol. UIII, Wo. 5: 29. Minute Shells. (Philbertia doris, T ripterotyphis louei ) Uol, UIII, Wo. 6:40 Minute Shells, (Epitonium replicatum, Heliacus mazatlanicus ) Uol. UIII, Wo. 8: 58, Minute Shells. (Emarqinula velascoensis , Rimula mexicana) Uol, UIII, Wo, 9: 61. Minute Shells. (Lucina undatoides, Ohione mariae) Uol. UIII, Wo. 10: 69, Minute Shells. (Teinostoma politum, Architectonica placentalis ) Uol. UIII, Wo, 11: So. Mollusks of Cuivira Basin, ^ol, U, Wo, 26: 94-95, Observations, (Sonus reqularis) Uol. II, Wo. 2:7. Oddities, (Acanthina punctulata) Uol, III, Wo. 1:5, liJhat The iiiaves Washed In. Uol, UIII, Wo, 3: 17, HERTZ, SUZAWWE Aquarium Observations, (Cantharus macrospira with eggs) Uol, III, Wo, 6:4, HERZ, ROBERT The Effect of Uarying Oil Concentrations On the Marine Diatom Skeletonema cost atum (Abstract) Uol, UI, Wq, 8:51, HEWITT, SUSAN EX BISHOP On The Shore in Connecticut. Uol, UIII, Wo, 1:3, BAY, MICHAEL Testing For Red Tide in San Diego Bay, (Abstract) Uol, UII, Wo, 6: 37-S8 HIWG, FRANK Adventure on the San Bias Islands, Uol, UII, Wo, 3: 17-18, KITTSMILLER, DOW Climbing For Sea Shells (Ecphora quadricostata ) Uol, UIII, Wo. 5: 32-33, KWIK, GREGORY Sea Urchin Pherome, (Abstract) Uol. UII, Wo, 6: 35, LACHANCE, THERESA M. A Possible Energy Relationship Betueen A faioluminescent Reaction and Photosynthesis in Chlorella. Uol, U, Wo, 7: 115-116, MARTIN, CLIFFORD A, A Remembered Trip, Uol, I, Wo. 10: 3-4. MARTIN, CLIFTOIM L. A Collector of Rare Shells, UJith Notes on Its Remarkable Family, (Xenophora ) \Jol, II, No. A: U-5, A Possible Range Extension For Cypraea beckii Gaskoin, 1836, Wol, V/I, No, 8; 55, Another Name to Change. (Hinnites giganteus ) Uol. Ill, No, ID: 5, Another Standard Has Fallen , (rarity of shells) Vol. I, No, 8: 5-6, Ex-Pisces Mollusca Part I. Uol, lU, No, ID: 7D-73, Ex-Pisces Mollusca Part II. l/ol, lU, No. 11: 76-83. Notes on Olivella baetica Carpenter, Wol. I, No, ID: 5, On The Importance of Keeping Accurate Data. Uol. IV/, No, 3; 16-17, Some Thoughts on Collecting Rare Shells, V/ol. I, No,3:A-5, Some Unusual Exchanges, Wol, I, No. 8: 5-6. The Deep LJater Mollusks of Southern Africa. V/ol, V/, No, ID: 146-149, The Golden Age of Shelling, Uol, I, No, 5: 2-3. The Lure of Collecting Fossil Shells. Uol. V/, No. 5: llD-115. Thomas Nuttall, 1786-1859, His Contributions To The Natural Sciences, V/ol. \], No. 9: 14Q-144, MICHEL, NDLA A Fantastic Dive. (for nudibranchs) V/ol, V/II, No, 8: 46-49, A Find, (Dxynoe panamensis ) V/ol, II, No, 6: 5, A Good Day's Dive, V/ol, I, No, 8: 7-8, Aquarium Observation. (Caecum ) V/ol, II, No, 8: 5, Aquarium Observation. (Simnia aequalis ) V/ol, III, No, 5: 3-4 one plate Aquarium Observation, (Hexaplex erythrostoma . Astraea qibberosa . Gy'iiraea spadicea ) l/ol. Ill, No, 7: 3« Aquarium Observation, (Crepidula onyx) l/ol. Ill, No, 7: 4. Notes on the Superfamily Pleurotomariacea , V/ol. I, No, 6: 4-5. Recovery — And Dividends, (mollusks on long-sunk airplane) V/ol. II, No, 1:4. The Calliostoma Dives. V/ol. Ill, No, 8; 6-7. MULLINER, DAV/ID K. Aquarium Observations. (Cassis cent iquadrata ) \Jol. I, No. 6:3, Sreeding Habits and Life Cycles of Three Species of Nudibranchs From the Eastern Pacific. V/ol. Ill, No. 9: 1-5. Collecting Equipment. V/ol. Ill, No, 6:5. one plate Collecting in the Sand, (while diving) V/ol, V/I, No. 4: 24-25, Identify Your Opisthobranchs . V/ol. Ill, No. 2: 1-2. Log From the Ameripagos Expedition. Part I, V/ol. Ill, No. 7:2. Part II, V/ol. Ill, No. 9:6-7. Part III, V/ol. Ill, No. 10: 4-5. Part IV/, V/ol. Ill, No. 11: 6. Conclusion, V/ol, IV/, No.l: 5-6, MYERS, BARBARA liJ . Aquarium Observations , (octopus ) V/ol, I, No, 6:3, Aquarium Observations, (Bursa californica) V/ol. II, No, 7; 6, Aquarium Observations, (Kelletia kelletii and hermit crab) V/ol, V/II. No. 5:26. Aquarium Observations, (Cypraea spadicea, Bursa calif arnica )V/ol , V/II, No.. 9: 54. Crocodile Tears, (diving in Concepcion Bay) V/ol. V/II, No. 11: 62-66. Discovery. (Loliga opalescens ) V/ol, I, No, 9:6-7, Exotic Broun Forest, (fauna of the kelp beds) V/ol. V/I, No, 11:68-70. Found on Eel Grass (Zostera). (Notoacmaea scutum) V/ol. V/II, No. 10:58. Interesting Patterns of Sajlalfilla OjElialDides (Gould, 1846). V/ol. V/II, No. 4:24. Living on the High Tide. V/ol. IV/, No, 7: 48-49, Macrarene cookeana (Dali, 1918), V/ol. V/II, No, 7: 41. Puerto Rican Holiday. V/ol. V/III, No. 9: 62-66. MYERS, JEHIM M. A Neu System of Clessif icat ion and Identification For the Class Amphineura. (Abstract) Wol, II, (Mo, 5:6, NAYLOR, UJILLIAM E. Foot and Toe Collecting. Wol, IW, No. 1:A. Framed By the Pink Murex. Wol, III, No. 3:2, DhUTANI, TAHASHI Shell Personalities of Japan, Wol, II, No. 1:1-3. "Sayonara" (and the Key to the species of Janthina) Wol, II, No, 3:5-6, PERRIN, BILL Tljo Days On Clipperton- — Or Getting High On Boobies. Wol. Will, No. 4:2L-26i PHILLIPS, JOHN j Dangers in Diving for Shells, Part I, "A Day at Ghost Reef." Wol, WI, No. 1:4-5. Helpful Hints on Collecting and Cleaning Pteropurpura macropterus and Pteropurpura vokesae. Wol, II, No. 11: 1-4, "Pan Fried'.' (Pecten dieqensis ) Wol, II, No, 9:4-5. Shell Diving for Sharks off Santa Barbara. Wol. HI, No, 2: 6-7, PISDR, DON Experiences On A Trip to Haiti and Wenezuela, Part I — Haiti. Wol. WIi, No. ID: 59-60. Part II, Wenezuela. Wol, WII, No, 3: 16-19, PDCRMAN, ROY A Diary of Retirees. Wol, Will, No, 6: 36-39. RADUjIN, GEORGE E. A Review of the Genus Muricopsis (Muricidae; Muricacea), (excerpt from a talk given to the Club) ^1 . W, No. 9: 138-140, Acanthina luqubris Reappears in San Diego. Wol. W, No. 5: 114, J Columbellid Genera of the Eastern Pacific, Wol. W, No, 1: 88-90. Feeding Habits in Prosobranch Gastropods. Wol. II, No, 10: 2-5. ||| Food For Thought. (reprinted from S.D.5.N.H.) Wol, I, No, 7: 2-5. |jj Notes on Generic Names and Placement in the Muricacea :^nd Buccinacea. Wol. II, No. 2: 1-3. Notes on the Evolution of the Muricidae. Wol, I, No, 1: 3-5. Ill The Columbellidae (notes from talk given to the Club) Wol. 1, No. 2: 11-13. The Radula. Wol. II, No, 1: 4-7. J Uhat is a Species? Wol. IW, No, 7: 50-53, ii! iij REESE, K.M. _ ij How Sea Animals I" ioht Falling Salinity. (reprinted courtesy Chem. Enqin. News) Wol, IW, No, 11: 75, iii Mangrove in trouble in southwest Florida, (reprinted courtesy Chem. Engin, News) Wol. W, No. 2: 104. RICHART, MAE DEAN Isolation and Divergence, Wol. Ill, No, 2: 3-5, RDBILLIARD, GORDON A. Comments on a "Draft Report on Recent Abalone Research in California with Recommendations for management, Wol. WI, No, 4: 19-24. Marine Biology in Antarctica, Wol. Ill, No. 11: 1-5. The Nudibranch Dendronotus frondosus — One Species or Four? Wol, WI, No, 8: 44-47, SCHOENING, BOB Cowries of Guam, Part I.. Wol, W, No, 7:. 122-126 Part II. Wol. W, No, 8: 129-136. SCHULER, MARTIN A Dawn Trip to the Tidepools. V/ol, \/I, No, 6:33, Artificial Respiration For A Mollusk, (octopus) Wol, UII, No, 9: 55, 5QUDER, JOHN Cypraea, General Information, Uol. I, No.. 7; 6-7, SPHON, GALE G. On The Care, Feeding and Preservation of Nudibranchs. (reprinted courtesy N.Y, Shell Notes) V/ol. IW, No, 8: 58, STEINBERG, JOAN E, Key to the More Common Opisthobranchia , (reprinted with permission of U. of C, Press) Uol, III, No. 3: 5-9, TALMADGE, RDGERT R. Notes on Fusitriton. Uol, UI, No, ID; 63-64. TAYLOR, D.A.J. Collecting Substrata is Fun(?). (reprinted courtesy RHFSAA neusletter Uol. lU, No. 9: 65-66. TAYLOR ROLAND & KAY TAYLOR Shelling Near La Paz. Uol. I, No, 9: 6. Shelling On The Mediterranean. Uol. UIII, No, 11: 81-83, THOMPSON, HELEN A Florida Shelling Trip in 1967, Uol. I, No, 2: 5-6. Another Day Getting Sentis Pectens, Uol, I, No, 4; 6-7. Hunting Dypraea on the Florida Keys. Uol, I No. 7: 7, One Trip Down the Gulf of California, Uol. II, No, 1: 7-9, UEST, ART A Seasnake Tale, Uol. I, No, 5: 3-4, WOODS, WILLIAM L. A Brief Historical Review of the Genus ^inum Roding, 1798, and a Description of the Location of the Operculum. Uol. II, No, 5: 4-6. YOUNG, BERNARD Partial List of Errata in B.F. Kensley's Book, '’Sea-Shells of Southern Africa, (reprinted with permission of author) Uol, UI, No. 5; 28-30. , ^ DiEgO SHEI£ n % C. HERTZ 1S3 MT. BUCKBUDM Affi. PL VIA l/S^rry - SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968 MEETS THIRD THURSDAY CASA DEL PRADU, BALBOA PARK ROOM 104 7:30 P.M. / WILLIAM H. DALL SECTIONAL LIBRARY DIVISION GF MOLLUSKS President: Hugh Bradner l/ice President: Sandie Seckington Recording Secretary: Karen Hogan Corresponding Secretary Jacquie Berzins Treasurer: Walter Robertson Editor: Carole M, Hertz AIMNOAL DUES: Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc, Single membership S4.0D; Family membership IjiS.OO; Overseas surface S4.50; Student membership |3.00. CLOB ADDRESS: Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3803 Mt. Blackburn Mve. San Diego, Ca. 92111 Wol. XI February 1979 ^l\lo, 2 ♦ * I ♦ PROGRAM: Snorkeling in Tonga and Samoa, an illustrated talk by J ♦ Philip Faulconer. % ♦ Slides from the September party and the Christmas party. ;J; X ♦ ♦ Silent auction of corals and shells. * ♦ * Date: Feb, 15 Time: 7:30 P.M. Room 104 * FROM THE MINOTESr -January 18, 1979 By KAREO HOGAO Pres. Hugh Bradner rang in the Club's first meeting of the neu year uith a friendly lowering of the gavel, Pew members and guests were, introduced , . Roy end Forrest Poorman presented a very enticing talk and slide show on one of their favorite dredging spots in Mexico, San Carlos Bay, 13 miles out of Guaymas, Over a period of 17 years, they have made innumerable hauls bringing forth hundreds of species. Many beautiful slides of specimens they have found were shown. Pictures of the growth of the area of San Carlos over the years left us with mixed feeling over development vs, preservation of remote areas. (An article on the "San Carlos Rectangle" will appear in a future FESTIWUS. Ed.) After coffee break, a brief business meeting was held. The Club will be accepting donations for the April auction beginning with the February meeting. It's not too soon to sort through your treasures in preparation for the Club's exciting and beggast affair of the year. As the hour was late, other business was deferred and the meeting adjourned. 9. THE SHARP-TDHGUED MOLLUSKS By HUGH BRADNER Scripps Institution of Gceanography La Jolla, California This article is an amateur’s introduction to the feeding physiology of mollusks, (I am the amateur. If you know even a little about the sub- ject, stop right here). Feeding habits of mollusks include engulfing whole prey (cones), sucking body fluids (parasites), and binding tiny particles into a mass with mucous (clams and other filter-feeders). Only the cephalopods are like mammals that put food into the mouth and then tear it into small pieces before swallowing. Most mollusks break off small chunks which they transfer to the mouth and swallow whole. They have a radula, a strong toothed tongue which serves the dual function of tearing off bits of food and transporting it to the mouth. The teeth are in about IQD rows so that a radula often looks somewhat like a carpenter's rasp, (Fig, 1), Teeth in a row have specialized functions; the central teeth usually cut and tear, and the outer teeth carry the food to the mouth. In general the "higher" organisms have fewer teeth in a row. Omnivorous Cypraeidae have seven teeth per row; one "central", and symmetrically placed pairs of "lateral", "inner marginal", and "marginal", Haliotidae have one central tooth flanked by two pairs of laterals, three pairs of hook-like marginals, and an array of feathery outer teeth which appear to be efficient for transporting their plant food, (Fig, 2), Fig, 1, Photomicrograph of Cypraea tessellata radula, 56X Fig, 2. Photomicrograph of Haliotis f ulgens radula, IGX Muricidae have three teeth per row, Terebridae have one, Dpisthobranchs range from one tooth per row (Gacoglossans ) to more than BOG, and a total of about 75,000 teeth. The radula ribbon is supported on a tongue-like "odontophore" with cusps pointing backward. At rest it is curled up inside the "buccal mass (the mouth) in the end of a long cylindrical muscular proboscis which is an extension of the mollusk's head. To feed, the mollusk extends its 10 tongue, spreading the flexible radula ribbon over the tip, (Fig. 3), Then with a scrubbing motion of about one sweep per second, it scrapes up food and carries it into the buccal mass. In some species the teeth are interlocked in their erect position near the tongue tip, so that they can exert great pressure to tear the food. Teeth wear out in about a day, and are continually replaced. Most creatures simply discard the worn teeth, but sacoglossans cleverly put them in a sac near the radula base for recycling. They may get significant survival value from this conservation because many mollusk teeth have outer layers of rare materials: silica for hardness, and iron (magnetite) for toughness* The articulation and inter- locking of teeth is a complex structural mechanism, different among different families — perhaps among different species, Uhat do they look like in detail these teeth, these radulae? How useful can they be for species identif ication, or for variation within a species? Gross differences between families are easy to see, even though in many instances the Shell Makers") The base of each tooth rests against the following one in a manner that gibes great strength to its tearing action. teeth are too small to resolve clearly with an optical microscope. Under an optical microscope, three-dimensional shapes are better deter- mined visually than photographically, so scientists have usually sketched and described tooth characteristics, Alison Kay, for example, proposed a four-type designation for Cypraeidae: (Ref, Proc, Malacological Soc, London, 196D, 33: 278-287). R]^ C. caputserpentis . _C, mauritiana, C, helvola . and about 30 others, R2 isabella, C. tessellata , C. talpa and C, cinerea . R3 C* teres . C. goodalli , C. cribraria , £, guadrimaculata and C. kieneri . R4 C, tigris . C. lynx . C. sulcidentata . _C, vitellus . C. carneola and* C, arenosa. Fig* L. Cypraea tessellata from KAY: GLfMERIC REUISIflU GF CYPRAEINAE Proc, Mai, Soc, Londgn, I960, 33: 278-287 Her sketches for C, tessellata are reproduced in Fig. 4, Her description is "In pattern R2 the median tooth is pronouncedly broader than it is long, and characterized by distinctly staining internal bracts which extend ver- tically in the tooth ..... .Basal denticles are lacking. The admedians are smaller than the median and more or less triangular in shape. The marginals Fig. 5. Sketches of Cyoraea annettae radula by Anthony O'Attilio 12 are short ond stout, the median cusp forminq a blade-like projection. All the teeth in the radular row are distinctly separate from one another," Such descriptions coupled uith good sketches can serve to determine the group designation of most Cypraeidae; but species identification is very difficult or impossible by this method. The combination of sketch and description can sometimes be as infor- mative as a photograph for example, the meticulous drawings of Anthony D'Attilio (fig, 5), Drawings can even render truer perspective than micro- photographs, but they can also be subjective or inaccurate. Recently there has been increasing use of scanning electron microscopes to get sharp de- tail and great depth of field in examining small objects. The advantage in radula studies is evident from comparison of Fig, 1 vs Fig. 6 or Fig, 7, Fig, 7 5.E.M. photo of C, tessellata radula from different angle than Fig. 6. lODX However, S.E.M. photos can also be misleading if taken from an unusual angle; this is illustrated in the two vieus of C, tessellata (Fig. 6 and Fig. 7) which appear very different. The confusion can be avoided by taking stereoscopic photographs from nearly constant "standard" orientation. Though several scientists have questioned the value of optical radula studies in species identification, differentiation between Alison Hay's types is easy with S.E.M. photos. Compare C, tessellata (type 2) Figs, 6 and 7 with vitellus (type 4) Fig, 8 and C, poraria (type 1) Fig, 9, 13. Fig, ID. 5.E.M. photo of Cyprsea lynx median tooth (Kay type 4) Fig, a, S.E.M. photo of Dypraea vitellus radula. (Kay type 4) 75/225X a.E.M. photo of Cypraea porar radula (Kay type 1) Fig. 11. S.E.M. photo of C. f imbriata median tooth (Kay type 1) A striking difference between median tooth shape is shown in Cypraea lynx (type 4) Fig. ID and C. f imbriata (type 1) Fig. 11. Even within a single type there may be readily distinguishable features. For example, C. f imbriata (Fig. 11) has two protuberances at the base and five points at tbe tip; while £. depressa Fig. 12 has two protuberances at the base and three points at the tip; and C. qranulata Fig, 13 has only one protuberance, and a tip that is dist inguishably different from either C. f imbriata or £, ■i 14 Fig,. 12, 5.E.M. photo of ^ depressa Fig, 13, S.E.M. photo of _C. qranulata median tooth (Kay type 1) median tooth (Kay type 1) depressa , To see whether two closely allied species can he differentiated by S.E.M,, I have made photos of Cypraea isabella and _C. isabellamexicana which can have indistinguishable shells. Examination of Fig, 14 vs Fig, 15 shows that they are indeed different. The difference is verified in stereo photographs of individual teeth. The results are so encouraging that I have begun a catalog of S.E.M. stereo photos of radula teeth at the familiar optical viewing angle. Such a catalog will be useful for clarify-- Fig, 15. S.E.M. photo of _C, isabellamexicang radula 20/2QDX 15 ing optical observations. Fig. 16 (a) and (b) shouj a typical stereo pair, uhich you can view in 3-dimensiDns by looking cross-eyed. Additional useful investigations will be comparison of several radula from Cypraea of the same species collected uorldmide, and a comparison of male vs female . Meanwhile if you collect any live specimens of uncommon cowries, please preserve them in alcohol. I'll be pleased to clean them carefully for you! Fig, 16. 6.E.M, stereo photo of C. Isabella lateral tooth. 5D0X chaimge uf address ; BERTSCH, Dr, & Mrs. Hans, 11613 La Colina Rd., San D-iego, Ca. 92131 (566-L485) FERGUSON, Raymond A,, 4171 Spearfish La,, San Diego, Ca., 92124. , MCPEAK,Ron, 7989 La Brusca Llay, Carlsbad, Ca. 92008. (942-3489) ! MINOR, Mr, & Mrs. Michael, Fleacts Det,, Box 556, F.P.D. Seattle, Ua. 98761. | STDlilELL, hit & Linda, 5102 Towle Cll. , San Diego, Ca. 92105 ' NEW MEMBERS | BURCH, Mrs. John 0,, 1300 Mayfield Rd., Apt, 61-L, Seal Beach, Ca, 90740. DELAWARE MUSEUM of Natural History, Box. 3937 Greenville, Delaware 19B07, JANOWShV, Dorothy, c/o Mai de mer i^nterprises , 946 Ralph Ave,, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11236 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Library Acquisitions, Washington, D.C. 20560. TISDALE, Dr. William, 4329 Avalon Dr., San Diego, Ca. 92103. NOTICE An adult class entitled "Underwater San Diego" will be given by Dr, Hans Bertsch under the auspices of the Natural History Museum. The class will meet on Wednesdays (February 28-March 21) from 6:30 - 8:30 P.M, It be limited to 30 students. The emphasis of the class will be on identifi- cation and ecology of marine invertebrates. There will be four evening lectures (with slides) and two field trips. For further information call the Natural History Museum (232-3821), j 16 F avartia qsrrettii (Pease, 1868): (Motes and Corrections to the Literature By JULES HERTZ & JIMTHOIMY D'ATTILIU Department of (Marine Invertebrates Natural History (Museum San Diego, California 92112 A newly dead specimen of F avartia garrettii (Pease, 1868) was collected by J. Hertz, August 18, 1978, intertidally under a rocl< on the north end of Laie Bay, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. The specimen, pictured below, is reddish brown throughout. Radwin and D'Attilio (1976) described the species as having a white shell with two diffuse red-brown bands, one on the shoulder and one on the base of the body. A review of the specimens in the San Diego Natural History Museum used by Radwin and D'Attilio showed that they were beach worn, and the waxy white shells may not represent a true shell color for this species. Therefore a search of the early literature was initiated. FiQsf la Apertural view t"ig. lb Dorsal view F avartia qarrett i i (Pease, 1868) Garrett* (1857) originally named the species Murex exiqua, and the original description of the shell stated the color as "whitish." There was no mention of whether the species' description was based on live or * Andrew Garrett was an explorer, naturalist, and artist who lived and collected in Hawaii for many years. Little has been published about his life and contributions until a recent biography by Thomas (1979), 17 dead collBcted specimens nr on the number cf specimens used for the original description. The habitat mas described as "pure shallouj pools on the rocky coasts of Hauaii." The specimen pictured here, although dead collected, mas found in like surroundings. Pease (1868) changed the name to Murex qarrettii since the original name mas preoccupied (Murex ex iquus Broderip, 1833). He also corrected the original iJarrett name to Murex exiguus so that the gender of the genus and i the species agreed. Pease stated the folloming: "Since described, a specimen nearly perfect has been found. Its color is dusky broun, transverse grooves reddish," This may indicate that the Hgrrett specimens mere beach morn. /Tlthouoh rriany muricid species come in a variety of color forms, the evidence to date indicates that _F. qarrettii is a reddish hroi.in shell, iiiith the mhite form still in dnubt. Radmin and D'Attilio's description i.ias influenced by their use of morn specimens. This is particularly evident in the description of the outer ' apertural lip, i,e, "thickened and nonerect; its inner surface is meakly spirally grooved, this imparting to the lip a meakly lirate appearance." The specimen pictured here shoms a strongly lirate lip mith mell defined grooving on the inner surface. The specimen pictured here is slightly larger than 4 mm. The excellent photographs uicre token by bavid K. Mulliner, PL.jTIUUB staff photographer, and are a magnification of approximcjtoly .'^DX. The Garrett description states the length as five lines (assumed to mean 5 mm). Fair (1976) is the earliest reference iiie could find in i:ihich the species iiias placed tn the genus Favartia, Radmin and D'Attilio (1976) came to the same conclusion, While engaged in research for f ' ^ mriting "Murex Shells of the World," i s[3ecimens mere borromed from various institutions. From the U.B.IM.M. speci- mens of Favartia qarrett i i mere obtained ; mhich had the soft parts preserved. The radula mas extracted and is here illus- trated for the first time in Fig, 2 a-c. The rachidian tooth shams its generic relationship to the other species of F ovart ia mith knomn radulae. The rachidian bears a long, prominent central' cusp, flanked by 2 cusps on each side — an outer larger cusp mith a meaker, thinner cusp on its inner margin. The central cusp is carried on a strfnng, prominent and broad base mith a solid lateral supporting structure. The latera teeth are simple elongate hooks, mith a slight distal bend. Fig, 2 Radular teeth of Favartia qarrettii . a, Rachidian and lateral teeth, b, Wieu of rachidian, mith anterior portion tilted more towards the viewer than in a, c. Lateral view of rachidian tooth. la In researching this species, Pease's reference to the original description uas found to be in error. The reference was "Proc. Calif Acad, vol i, p. 1C2." Garrett's description is in vol 1, p. IIA. The incorrect page reference was repeated in Wakes (1971). It uas corrected in the Literature Cited section of the Raduin and D'Attilio book, although not in the primary text. ACKNDCLEDGEMECT5 liJe uish to acknouledge the help of Gale Gphon of the Los /\ngeles County Museum of Natural History and David Mulliner of the San Diego Museum of Natural History for their help in searching the literature and Dr. Hans Bertsch of the San Diego Museum of Natural History for his critical reading of this paper. LITERATURE CITED Broderip, U.J. 1833. Proc, Zool. Sac, London. Part II. p, 175. Pair, R.H. 1976. The Murex book: an illustrated catalogue of Recent (Muricidoe, Muricopsinae, Gceneb rinae ) , 1-13G pp., pis. 1“32, Garrett, A, 1857. Neu species of marine shells of the Sanduich Islands. Proc. Cgiif, Acad. Sci, 1: 114-115. Pease, UJ.H. 1868. Synonymy of marine gasteropodae inhabiting Polynesia. Amer, J. Conch. 4: 1C3-132. Raduin, G.E. and A. D'Attilio. 1976, Murex shells of the uorld. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, Calif., 1-284 pp., pis. 1-32, Thomas, U . 5 . 1979. A biography of Andreu Garrett, early naturalist of Polynesia Part 1. The Nautilus. Wol. 93(1): 15-28. Wokes, E.H, 1971. Catalogue of the nenus Murex Linne (Mollusca: Gastropoda): Muricinae, Ucenebrinae. Hull Amer. Paleo, 61 (268): 1-141, — SAWE THE DATE! The annual Club Auct ion/Pot 1 uck uill be on Saturday, April 14 at 6:DB P.M. at the Bradners' home. Details later. Your shell donations are needed for a successful auction. Bring your guality shells uith as complete data as possible to a Club meeting or, if this is not possible, contact a board member and arrange for a pickup of you shell donations. FDR YUUR INEGRMATIGN 1, Library notice — The Fall, 1978 Neusletter of the AMU contains a seven page list of the research activities of many uell-knoun uorkers and institutions. For those interested, the library has available a copy for circulation, 2, DUES ARE DUE 3, Please notify the Club (address on masthead) uhen you change your address. It saves considerably on mailing costs, 4, Back issues of The FELiTIWUS may be purchased for Si, OB per copy while supply lasts. Special issues may be ordered at S2.BB per copy, 5, Member(s) interested in helping with Club publicit'y please contact Hugh Bradner. ^111 9^/as'2r^^^ 4i % Anthony D'Attilio uill give an illustrated talk on The Coralliophilidae From Southeastern Japan There uill be a silent auction of shells and corals. Bring your volutes for display for this evening's meeting. Date: March 15. Time: 7:30 P.M. Room 104 ^ — — - ^ *******4‘*4‘********4'4t*4i**4'4<4'4i4>**4i***4i4>44'*4>*********'t>*******4>**4>***4K*4i4"*>|i*** FROM THE MINUTES: February 15, 1979 By KAREN HOGAN The meeting uas called to order at 7:50 P.M. Hugh Bradner introduced the evening's speaker, Phil Faulconer uho gave a marvelous talk and slide show on a recent trip to Samoa and Tonga. (Article will follow in a future FESTIUUS, Ed.). After Phil's presentation, there was a coffee break and a silent auction on corals which continued until the business meeting began. The January and February minutes were accepted. An announcement of a volute display for the March meeting was made. Members were urged to bring their specimens to the meeting. On April 14 (at the home of Hugh and Marge Bradner) our annual Auct ion/Potluck will be held. Members are asked to gather their donations forthe Auction. Any member of the Board will be glad to assist members by arrepging for pickup of donations^ etc. The specimens shouod have collecting data if possible. Dues are payable now. To be included on the membership roster, dues must be in by the March meeting. The Club approved unanimously the Board's recommendation to contribute |35, to The Ueliger this year. Don Mabery won the door prize and the meet ing ad journed at 9:50 P.M. 20 IN MEMDRIAM UJith sorrou, ub report the sudden passing of Norman Currin on February 24 of this year. Norm was a charter member of the San Diego Shell Club and a beloved friend of all who knew him. He was active in Club affairs for many years, serving as president in 1964 and vice-president in 1968, He was on the committee that launched The FESTIWUS and was our treasured auctioneer for over ten years. Norm collected extensively in the Panamic province, making many trips into Mexico. He was an accomplished diver and also dredged and collected intert idally ,. Crassispira (Monilispira) currani McLean & Poorman, 1971 was named for Norm.. IjJb will miss his warmth and ready smile. FDR YDUR INFDRMATIDN 1» The Life Histories of Mollusks will be the theme of the joint meeting of the Western Society of Malacologisls (liiSM) and the American Malaco- logical Union (AMU) in Corpus Christi, Texas on Aug. 5~11, 1979, Papirs on any aspect of molluscan life histories will be considered for presentation. For further information contact David R, Lindberg, Center for Coastal Marine Studies, Applied Sciences, Univ. Df Calif,, Santa Cruz, Calif , ^ U . S . A . , 95D64. 2, U15M announces it will award a student research grant of S5DD, to an undergraduate or graduate student at a University or Marine Field Station, for the academic year 1979-8D, "The grant is offered to initiate further research concerned with molluscs, in systematics, biology, ecology, paleontology or related fields," The deadline for applying is April 11, 1979.. For applications write to: Dr. V/ida C, Henk, liiSM Committee on Student Grants, Dept, Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192 3, DUES ARE DUE!! Notice that dues have been raised for the year due to increased costs. (Dues rates published on first page of each issue), 4, The Club will be exchanging publications with the Societe Beige de Malacologie, Their INFDRMATIDNS de la Societe Beige de Malacologie is printed quarterly and ARIDN, bimonthly. We will receive both in ex- change for The FESTIUUS, Both these publications are in French and INFDRMATIDNS has interesting articles of scientific importance, 5, Back issues of The FESTIUUS may be purchased for $!.□□ per copy while supply lasts. Special issues may be ordered at $2,00 per copy, 6, Please notify the Club when you change your address. It saves considerably on mailing costs, (Address on masthead) 21. PRELIMIIMARY ACCOUNT OF THREE GENERIC TAXA IN THE MURICACEAN FAMILY CDRALL IDPHILIDAE ANTHONY D'ATTILID and HANS BERTSCH Department of Marine Invertebrates San Diego Natural History Museum San Diego, California 92112 liJe have recently been informed by Dr» Henk H. Mienis (Hebrew University, Jerusalem) that several references of species and subspecies were not included in the Coralliophilidae Catalogue (D'Attilio, 1978), These corrections and additions will be published in a forthcoming issue of The FE5TIUUS. There are at least 27 generic-level taxa that have been considered members of Coralliophilidae, When critically evaluated it is apparent to our view that many of the genera are unnecessary and a burden on the liter- ature, especially for a family of perhaps less than 200 valid species. The most abused (and overnamed) group of species is assignable to the genus Coralliophila H, & A, Adams, 1853, The genera we would synonymize because of their very minor distinctions from Coralliophila are the following; Pseudomurex Monterosato, 1872, Lepadomurex Coen, 1922, Lat iromurex Coen, 1922 ^misspelled Lat imurex in the Catalogue), Fusomurex t^oen, 1922 , Coralliof usus Kuroda, 1953, Rhombothais UJoolacott, 1954, and Hjania Pallarv, 1900, The genus Coralliophila has the largest number of species in the family. This genus is characterized by its more or less fusiform shell, moderate canal, elevated spire, and scaly spiral cords of fine or coarse character. Fig, 2, Coralliophila meyendorf f i (Calcara, 1845), Elongate form of Coralliophila, 22 The type species of the genus, C* nerltoldea (Lamarck, 1816) (f^ig. 1) is "atypical," in that it is squat (with a broad, open aperture and short canal), having a much louier spire in relation to the aperture length than is found among most species of Coralliophila (Fig. 2), These different forms are simply the extremes of an intergrading series. Separating genera at various stages along the continuum does not respect the biological variability of this species group, and artifically separates a closely related phylogenetic grouping. The next most numerous genus, Babelomurex Coen, 1922, is distinguished from Coralliophila by the follouing traits: a prominent shoulder keel, often with posteriorly-curving spines; some species have secondary keels on the body or on the shoulder between whorls. Species with one spiny keel only at the shoulder (Fig, 3) should be considered members of the same genus as those species with more than one spiny keel on each whorl (Fig, L), These spiny keels are simply the result of a greater elaboration of the texture and roughness of the coarse spiral cords (Fig, 5). Fig, 3, Babelomurex deburqhiae (Reeve"^ 1657 ) , Cne spiny keel present only on the shoulder. Fig, 4, Babelomurex pagoda (H. & A. Adams, 1853). More than one spiny keel present on the whorl. The type species of Tolema Iredale, 1929, and Hirtomurex Coen, 1922, fall within the range of variation of Babelomurex , and these genera may be suppressed as synonyms. Based on the morphology of its type species, Latiaxis Swainson, 184D, has been over-used. Too many species have been lumped into this genus. 23 Fig, 6, Lat iaxis mauae (Griffith & Pidgeon, 183^+) Gompletely flattened spire. The type, Latiaxis mauae (Griffith and Pidgeon, 1834) occurs in the Indo- Pacific and has a completely flattened spire (Fi, 6), The latter portion of the last whorl is detached from the shell (Fig, 7), The scabrous spi- ral cords are relatively minute and the shoulder has strongly recurved triangulate spines which often terminally rest on the shoulder. This is a small, but distinctive genus, Latiaxis pilsbryi Hirase, 19D8, L, lat ipinnatus Azuma, 1961, and L. hayashi Shikama, 1966, are among the very few coralliophilids that may be confidently assigned to this genus. The South African Latiaxis kylix Barnard, 1959, has recently been cited as a subspecies of J_ mawae by Kilburn, 1973, but this species may eventually be completely synonymized with mawae . In the above preliminary appraisal of a portion of the Coralliophilidae, 12 genera have been reduced to 3, Ue believe that the elimination of these genera clarifies much of the current confusion in classifying the Curallio— philidae. Fig, 5,. Babelomurex .japonica (Dunker, 1882) shows the high degree of texturing on the spiral cords, and the presence of several spiny keels. Fig, 7,. Latiaxis mawae, showing the detached last whorl. 2k LITERATURE CITED Adams, Henry, and Arthur Adams, 1853-1858. The genera of Recent Mollusca, arranged according to their organization. London. 3 v/ols, Azuma, Masao, 1961, Descriptions of six new species of Japanese marine gastropoda, Uenus, The Japanese Jour, of Malacology 21 (3); 296-303; 11 text figs, (15 August 1961) Barnard, K.H.. 1959, Contributions to the knowledge of South African marine Mollusca, Part II, Gastropoda: Prosobranchiata : Rhachiglossa. Ann. South African Mus. L5(l): 1-237; 52 text figs. (June 1959), Calcara, P, 18A5. Cenno Moll, viv, e fossili di Sicilia, Sicily, (not seen) (December 1845), Coen, Giorgio Silvio, 1922, Del genere Pseudomurex (Monterosato 1872). Atti Soc, Italians, Sci. Nat. Mus, Civico, Storia Nat. Milano 16: 68-71; pit. 2. D'Attilio, Anthony, 1978, A catalogue of Coralliophilidae, The FESTIWUS 10(10): 69-96. (October 1978). Dunker, Guilielmo. 1882, Index molluscorum maris Japonici, Csssellis Cattorum, Theodore Fischer, vii + 301; 16 pits, Griffith, Edward, and Edward Pidgeon, 1834, The Mollusca and Radiata. London, Uhittaker and Co, viii + 601 pp.; 40 -k 20 pits, Hirase, Y. 1908. Appendix — On Japanese Marine Mollusca (II), with the description of new species of Muricidae and Buccinidae. The Concho- logical Magazine (Japan) 2(12): 69-74 (English); 387-401 (Japanese); pits, 41-43. (December 1908), Iredale, Tom, 1929. Mollusca from the continental shelf of Eastern Australia, No, 2, Records Australian Mus, 17(4): 157-189; pits, 38- 41. (4 September 1929), Kilburn, R.N, 1973. Notes on some benthic Mollusca from Natal and Mofambigue, with descriptions of new species and subspecies of Calliostoma, Solariella , Lat iaxis , Babylonia , Fusinus , Bathytoma and Conus, Ann, Natal Mus. 21(3): 557-578; 17 text figs. (30 September 1973). Huroda, Tokubei, 1953, New genera and species of Japanese Rapidae, Uenus, The Japanese Journ of Malacology 17(3): 117-130; 8 text figs. (May 1953). Lamarck, J.B.P.A, de M, de, 1816, Tableau encyclopedigue et methodigue des trois regnes de la nature. Paris, Monterosato, T,A. di. 1872. Notizie intorno alle Conchiglie Mediterranee , Palermo, 61 pp, ✓ Pallary, Paul. 1900. ‘--oguilles marines du littoral du Department D'Dran, Jour, de Conchyl. 48(3): 211-422; pits, 6-8; 19 text figs. (25 October 1900). Reeve, Lovell. 1857. Descriptions of seven new shells from the collection of the Hon, Sir David Barclay, of Port Louis, Mauritius, Proc, Zool, Soc, London 25: 207-210; pits, 37-38, Shikama, Tokio, 1966, On some new Latiaxis and Cpralliophila in Japan, The Uenus 25(1): 21-26; 2 pits. (June 1966), 25 Swainson, William, IBUO^ A treatise on malacology; or the natural classification of shells and shell-fish. London: Longman, Broun, Green and Longmans, viii + 419 pp.; 130 text figs. Woolacott, Lee. 1954. l\leu shells for (Meu South Wales, Proc. Royal Zool. Soc. IM.S. Wales 1952-53: 37-39; pit, iii. (24 May 1954), EMERSON & O'ATTILIO PAPER ON MURICACEAN GASTROPODS PRDUIDES NAMES FOR SIX SPECIES PICTORED IN A PREV/IOOS FESTIUOS SERIES CAROLE M. HERTZ, Editor During the past tuo years, Anthony D'Attilio, Assistant Curgtor of Marine Invertebrates at the San Diego Natural History Museum, has uritten for The FESTIWOS on "Neu or Poorly hnoun t^oralliophilidae and Muricidae From the Western Pacific" in a three part series (Part I V/ol, IX, No. 10; 70-73; Part II, Uol. IX, No. 11: 76-79; Part III, ^ol,. X, No. 1; l-9[B4-90). Since these articles appeared, seven of the species featured and pictured in The FESTIUOS have been named, four by Emerson and D'Attilio, 1979, William K, Emerson and Mr, D'Attilio, in their recent article, "Six Neu Living Species of Muricacean Gastropods," The Nautilus, Vol. 93 (1): 1-10, 21 figs, Jan. 10, 1979, give a supplementary description for Murexiella martini Shikama, 1977, and illustrate and translate the original description of Dermomurex neglecta (Habe & Kosuge, 1971), besides naming six neu muricacean species. In V/ol. IX, No, ID: 71 of The FESTIV/US the top species is Favartia guamensis Emerson & D'Attilio, 1979, The bottom tuo photos are of Favartia' dorothyae Emerson & D'Attilio, 1979, named for Dorothy Janousky of Neu York and a Club member^ On p. 72 the tuo sets of photos are of Murexiella martini (Shikama, 1977), In ^ol, X, No. 1:90 the top species is Siphonochelus raduini Emerson & D'Attilio, 1979 named for our late friend and curator, George Raduin, The bottom species is Pteropurpura benderskyi Emerson & D'Attilio, 1979 named for Israel Bendersky of Neu York, The Jan, 10, 1979 issue of The Nautilus uill be in the Club library. On p» 89 of Uol, X the Chicoreus pictured has also been named since the FESTIWOS series appeared. It is Chicoreus orchidf lorus (Shikama, 1973) and uas named in the article, "Description of Neu Marine Gastropoda from the East and South China Seas," Sci, Rep, Yokohama Oniv, Sec. 2, No, 20, REMINDER The Club's Annual Auction/Potluck uill be held on Sat, April 14 at the home of Marge and Hugh Bradner. (Map uill be in the April issue). Festivi- ties begin at 6:00 P.M, The Auction is the Club's ONLY fundraiser. Its proceeds form the major part of our annual budget and support our donations to scientific organizations, our social events and The FESTIV/OS, Donate generously and either bring your shell donations to the March meeting or contact a Board member to arrange for pickup of your shells. Specimen guality shells uith data are preferred. For those uho have no shells to donate— Come anyuay and BOY!!! 26 MIIMUTE SHELLS By JULES HERTZ Department of Marine Invertebrates San Diego Museum of Natural' History San Uiego, California 92112 On 26 December 1978, the shell pictured beloui ujas collected by Carole M, Hertz at Solana Beach, California, The specimen, dead collected, ujas found intertidally attached to an anemone on the reef at the north end of Solana Beach Park, The shell uae neui to us, and after an extensive search waa identified as the turrid, EUaeocyma hemphillli (Stearns, 1871), I found a second shell of the same Ireight, but more slender, at the same location on 11 February 1979, The shell pictured here is approximately II mm in height and 3 .4 mm in maximum diameter. The excellent photograph uas taken by David H, Mulliner, FESTIUUS staff photographer, and shoujs the shell at a magnification of a,5X. The shell is smooth, slender, polished, and orange-tan in color. It has oblique ribs uhich are conspicuous even on the body uhorl. The sinus is sutural, deep, and calloused. The canal is very short. The shell is marked by a series of fine, white, widely spared spiral striations which parallel the sutures. Since its initial naming, this species has been assigned to a number of different genera, Stearns assigned it to Pleurotoma Lamarck, 1799. This name, meaning "notch-side" was a catch-all category of the time. As noted in Keen(1971), it was nearly a century later that malacologists realized that T urris Raiding, 1798, had priority. The species was assigned by Tryon (1884) to the genus Drillia Gray, 1838, which had earlier been considered a subgenus of Pleurotoma, In suc- ceeding years, the species has been bounced back and forth among the genera Clavus Montfort, 1810; Gymatosyrinx Dali, 1889; and Elaeocyma Dali, 1918, The primary difference of opinion among authors was with Gymatosyrinx and Elaeocyma and whether to assign them generic or sub- generic status, Dali (1918) stated "the light-colored species with an oily gloss, thin shells, and prominent riblets usually crossed by rather widely spaced spiral striations will take the new name of Elaeocyma Dali, This group appears to be peculiar to the Pacific coast of America. Drillia empyrosia Dali may be taken as type and unimaculata Sowerby, hemphilli Stearns and several others belong to it. Gymatosyrinx Dali, 1889, based on Pleurotoma lunata Lea will cover the thin-shelled light-colored species of its type," However, Dali confused the issue in 1921 by making Elaeocyma a subgenus of Gymatosyrinx . At the same time, he cited incorrectly the year for establishing Elaeocyma as 1917, Burch (1946) quotas A.M. Strong on the problem as follows;""! consider Gymatosyrinx a good genus, but do not think it contains any species from Elaeocyma hemphillii (Stearns'] 1871 ) 27 Ban Diego or north, Clavus might be used as a subfamily. The typical genus s.s. can hardly be used for any uest coast species, Elaeocyma Dali is a good genus ujith but the one species from California. The genus Imaclava Bartsch is very similar if not identical. Hemphilli Stearns and halocydne Dell are the northern representatives of a large southern group. They probably belong in a subgenus under Elaeocyma, but I can find no name for it. They are much smaller and more slender than the typical form." McLean in Keen(1971) considers Elaeocyma D0II, 1918, as a genus and states the following: "Elaeocyma has the short canal and carinate second nuclear whorl of ^ymatosyrinx Dali, 1689, but the type species and other related species of Cymatosyrinx from the Florida Pliocene have a beaded subsutural cord and lack spiral sculpture altogether; no eastern Pacific species are related." Grant and Gala (1931) considered Elaeocyma hemphillii extremely variable. They placed it in the genus Clavus and listed the following as variants with the type localities given in parenthesis: pllcatellus (Panama ^ay), ferminianus (Point San Fermin, Lower California), palmeri (head of the ^ulf of California), attalia (west coast of Mexico, probably near Mazatl^n), arbela (Bcammon's Lagoon, Lower California), and aeolia (Cape Tepoca, Lulf of California). The type locality of E. hemphillii is Todos Santos Say, Baja California Bur. Burch reports collecting data for this species from a number of sites in California and Lower California, i.e. dredged off Redondo Beach and Malaga Coye, dredged in great abundance at Todos Santos Bay in approxi- mately 10-15 fms,, taken littoral from the sand bars in the Estero below Cnsenada, and off Santa Monica, Ca, in 15 fms. (Burch); San Diego in 10 fms, (Kelsey); San Pedro in 10 fms.; Estero Todos Santos Bay (Lowe); and Scam- mon's Lagoon (Hemphill), The reported range for Elaeocyma hemphillii is Santa' Barbara to the Gulf of California, The original orthography of the species is hemphillii the proper geni- tive ending based on the Latinization hemphillius . The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) dissuades the use of the -ii ending when currently naming shells, but wisely prohibits the changing of the original spelling of a species' name except in specific extraordinary circumstances, SYNONYMY Pleurotoma (Drillia ) hemphillii Stearns, Conchological Memoranda, No. 7, p,2, separately printed. Journal & Argus Print, Petaluma, Ca., August 28, 1871; ProQ. Calif, Acad, Sci., Mol, 5, p, 80, pi. 1, fig. 3, 1673; Smith, Ueliger, ^ol, 18, No, 4, p, LIO, 1976, (facsimile reproduction of original description), Drillia hemphilli Stearns, Tryon, Man, Conch,, Mol, 6, p, 185, pi. 13, fig. 49, 1884; Arnold, Mem, Cgiif, Acad. Sci,, Mol, 3, p. 204, pi, 5, fig, 8, 1903, Elaeocyma hemphilli Stearns, Dali, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus,, Mol, 54, p, 317, 1918; E,K, Jordan, Proc, Calif. Acad, Sci,, Ser. 4, Uol. 15, p, 245, 1926f J,.Q_^ Burch (ed), Proc, of Conch, Club So, Calif., Uol, II, No, 62, p, 8, 1946, Cymatosyrinx (Llaeocyma) hemphilli Stearns, Dali, Bull. 112, U.S. Nat Mus,, p, 69, 1921; Oldroyd, Stanford Univ, Publ. Geol., Uol. 2, Pt, 1, p, 69, 1927; Abbott, American Seashells, 2nd Ed., Uan Nostrand Reinhold Co., p, 276, 1974. Clavus (Cymatosyrinx) hemphilli (Stearns), Grant & Gale, Mem, San Diego, Soc, Nat. Hist., Uol, 1, p. 577, pi. 26, fig. 8, 1931. 28 OTHER LITERATURE CITED Keen, A. Myra, 1971, Sea shslla of tropical lileat America, Stanford Univ. Press, 1Q6A pages, ACKMDULEDGEMEIMT I wish to acknowledge the help of Dr, ^ans Bertach, curator of marine invertebrates, of the San Diego Museum of Natural History for the critical reading of this article. NEW MEMBERS PHELAN, Peggy FRIED, Jeff Box 70B 3083 Jeuiell St, HB-ll USNF Subic Bay San Diego, Ca, 92109 FPO San Fr^cisco, Ca, 96651 SMITH, M/M Franklin 872 La Jolla Rancho Rd, La Jolla, Ca, 92037 CHANGES OF ADDRESS SMITH, John AqC AIMD Box 24 USS Coral Sea CW 43 FPO San Francisco, Ca, 96601 NELSON, John & Susan 4561 Utah St, Apt, 1 San Diego, Ca» 92116 BRUSIUS, George & Doris 159 14 0746 Dep, Mail,. Sect,, Box 11 APO San Francisco, Ca, 96301 \'t r /-- - - / " _ »-V. '>^.W^v,. I \t (.3m-:. '%>■ ■■■4 I'K H> -nidi- '■•'■ „ - ■ . ^ mtf fT mn? m u.: - ^ S’ I: ISB ^ ^ Q 1 ':: ;«t’ "■' n r>; ^ : I »,EKs s;:ir ‘':3":[.. ,, ,„. ,.. ,~. ,.- ,., ^ ■r ••■ V-:" /■':'N^'"-' \ i 3 H'-rS -■-.■■( iCii -1, 1 ., , ns] -< >. ’ ;.‘:Vll»:. : !■ ‘ - or du: ^^: . * ":*r vD5j , '•:7 o ' ii> ;. « s .1. ■: <,■ U i ■ Fi; t.-,~ J><: f 0 r ', ^■L; X,. r. ■• ;. ■ 'XL-? id' X " ■' '. , ;. -H '.. ', ..7 ' ..' ■' t, w r .!. ': ■■■■-': 'I'-Vd'.,. i f .. p;v;. Tms IS ‘SS3I0 M¥f W f«ssss.rii IS! ME Zi03H ‘3 % 0013 IBiiS B33i>3 HR QL Moi! THE FESTIVUS i WILLIAM H. DAU SECTIONAL UBRAKt' DIVISION OF MOLLUSKS SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968 MEETS THIRD THURSDAY CASA DEL PRADD, BALBOA PARK ROOM 104 7:30 P.M, President: Hugh Bradner UicB President; Sandie Seckington Recording Secretary: Karen Hogan Corresponding Secretary .Jacquie Berzins Treasurer: Walter Robertson Editor: Carole M, Hertz AMNUAL DUES: Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc, Single membership $4.00; Family membership $5.00; Overseas surface $4,50; Student membership $3,00. CLUB ADDRESS: Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc,, c/o 3B83 Mt , Blackburn Mve, San Diego, Ca. 92111 Uol. XI April 1979 l\lo , 4 * ♦ ♦ * ♦ % 4c # ♦ 4c 4c 4c 4c 4c 4c 4c ^meeting, contact a board member to arrange for pickup of your shells. J ♦ * + *4c4c4c«4:4c4c4c4'4'4c4t*4c4c4c4c4c4c4c4c4c4c4c4c*4c*4c4c4c4c4c*4c4c4c4c4c4c4c + 4c4c4c4c4c4c4c4c4c4c*4c4c + 4c4c4c4c4c4c4c*4c4c4c4t4c4c4c SEE YOU AT THE AUCT IDf\J/P0TLUCK ! ! (There is no regular meeting this month), * Date: April 14, 1979 Time: 6:0DP.M. -? Place: The Bradners' home ♦ * For details and directions, see map on last page of this issue. 4c *If you have shells for the Auction but have been unable to come to a FROM THE MINUTES OF THE MARCH MEETING KAREN HOGAN, Secretary The regular meeting of the San Diego Bhell Club was called to order by l^ice President, Sandie Seckington shortly after 7:30 P.M. Guests and visitors were introduced and ujelcomed. In addition to our on-going silent auction of coral, it uas Volute Night and many members brought their spectacular volutes for all of us to view. Anthony D'Attilio was our speaker on Coralliophilidae, sharing with us the excitement of classifying and naming what seemed to be a plethora of new shells. The photography, some of which was done by Barbara IxJ. Myers, was beautiful, capturing the delicate detail of these species. After a brief coffee break, the business portion of the meeting was called to order. The main order of business was the plans and preparation for the riuction on April 14 at 6. DO P.M. The Minutes, as published in The FESTIVUS were approved as written. Members were reminded that dues were payable now for a last chance to be included on the roster. 30 THE SAM CANLU5 NECTAIMGLE EtlHHEST AMD RGY I'UUtJMAM 1530D Myrjnalia, Uestminister Ca, 9^^683 Guaymas, tjnnora, Mexico is on the main west coast Mexican highway, 275 miles below the border at Mogales, /\rizona. flur family First dis- covered it in 1953, the year the highway was completely paved, Bahia !)an Carlos, or the "San Carlos Region," is thirteen miles by paved road west of Guaymas, Mearly every Christmas and Easter vacation until 1973 has seen us head south like migrating birds. Since 1973, we have spent about five months a year at the Ghcsngri La Trailer Park, on a small peninsula near the estero. At first there was only a winding dirt track out to the estero and the drive took about an hour. Camping was free in the chaparral where one could be- come acquainted with skunks, cattle, and cardinals flashing through the bushes. There were, and still are, miles of beach to uialk, clear and usually calm water in which to swim and dive, and many rocky reefs to ex- plore for shells Many changes have occurred in the 25 years since our first visit. Most of the chaparral is gone replaced by hotels, cnndominios, and many loiii white houses along the shore and on the hills around the estero, /\ beauti- ful country club has recently been completed in an area surrounded by stark red Sonoran hills with the sparkling blue Gulf of fialifornia spread out be- low, The trailer park was the first facility to be built at Gan Carlos in 19G3, At first it consisted of a Wc^sh house and sites for several dozen trailers. Mow it will .iccommoriate AGO vehicles and stretches half way up the hill to the west,. There is much to do at the Ghangri La Trailer f^ork in Gan [Carlos. Hut from the very beginning, collecting mollusks became our excuse for return- ing here in preference to any other spot. By 196C bie had samples of just about everything that luas to he found intertidally . When some of the more well-known collectors of that period began to mention =md display species they were getting by diving and dredging, we went offshore. At first we tried diving but were not really strong enough as swimmers to go very deep. So we borrowed a dredge and put out in a small twelve foot boat. From that first Christmas trip of nine days, we returned with ADD species new to us. Since that time we hove made nearly 5,DD0 hauls, always with small, hand operated equipment. Many of our attempts have resulted in empty baskets; but like the machines at Las l/egas, some paid off with fantastic thrills, including 6-9 new speciiias and another dozen still not described. What we refer to as 'The Gan Carlos Rectangle' is an area 2 miles wide and 3 miles long, stretching from a rocky shore at the foot of Tetas de Cabra due south for 3 miles. Gut there the water is 12D meters deep and the bottom has leveled off. At this depth, the bottom is silty mud and the speciation is very loui and uninteresting. Tge most rewarding results we hive had over the past three years have been at depths of 80-lGQ meters. The rectangle includes every kind of habitat except the back-bay mud flat. The bottom is changing with each of our visits becau'^e of storms and strong tidal currents,. Reefs vanish and become sand hills iiihile sand and mud wash away to uncover more rocks. Because we hove had many opportunities over the past 25 years to sample the area, we know a great deal about the rectangle and the animals that live there. Each species in our collection is matched with a card showing the history and pertinent data of each lot. This file contains records of nearly 1200 mollusks identified as living in the rectangle 3 T rophon sorenseni Hertlein & Strang, 1951 Cancellaria tessellat a Dredged 100 m., San Carlos Rectangle Souerby, 1032 Dredged 100 m,, San Carlos Rect, li)e have learned from intense investigation of this area, the following: 1» Many species thought to be local in occurrence may actually be much more widely distributed geographically. Species described long ago from such places as Paita, Peru and the Galapagos Islands are living in the rectangle. 2, Similarly, many species thought to occur intertidally or in shallcu water may actually be more common offshore. An example is Gyphoma, which seems to occur wherever the soft corals grow. In our collection Gyphoma is most common at 100 meters, 3, Species react differently to the effects of pressure, Cypraea from 60 meters are only about 1/3 the size of intertidal specimens, while Gyphoma seem to be at their largest at 100 meters. 4, Whole populations seem to appear in cycles of 6-7 years. We don't know why but speculate that it may have something to do with the food chain. We have observed that when the algae are very scarce the small species that are found on them are gone; and the larger species also slowly dis- appear, But when the algae became abundant, all the familiar species reappear. We are going back to the rectangle this spring and next fall and hope to have some more exciting experiences in the San Carlas Rectangle. 32 MINUTE SHELLS JULES HERTZ Department of Marine Invertebrates Natural History Museum San Diego, California 92112 Specimens from the *^amily Caecidae found in Southern California and Baja California uere featured in the January 1979 FESTIWUS, This month, through the kindness of Bert Draper, we feature additional species of the genera Caecum Fleming, 1813, Fartulum Carpenter, 1057, and Elephantulum Carpenter, 1857, Original photography and shell identifications were cour- tesy of Bert Draper* The black and white pictures below were made from the original 35 mm colored slides by David K. Mulliner, FESTIV/US staff photog- rapher. Figure 1 shows six species of Caecidae obtained from grunge dredged in water from 5 to 15 fathoms deep from Puertocitos to San Luis Gonzaga Bay, Baja California, Mexico between the peninsula and the offshore islands. The grunge was taken in July 1969 by the Chamizal II expedition (News of the lilBstBrn Association of Shell Clubs, Oct, 1969), Figure 1, Caecidae from Chamizal II Dredgings. Left to right:- Caecum undatum Carpenter, 1857; Caecum semilaeve Carpenter 1857; Fartulum (? )dextroversum (Carpenter, 1857); Fartulum qlabrif orme (Carpenter, 1057); Elephantulum* heptaqonum (Carpenter, 1057). Largest specimen is 3*6 mm Chamizal II Expedition, July 1969. Figures 2 and 3 demonstrate some of the variability of Elephantulum heptaqonum. Both specimens of Figure 2 were collected by the Chamizal II Expedition* Both have eleven axial ribs, but only one has white color zones. Figure 3 shows two specimens of the same species; the one with eleven axial ribs was taken at Santa Rosalia, Baja California^ while the one with the nine axial ribs was taken west of San Luis Gonzaga, Baja California, Figure 4 shows three specimens of Fartulum (? )f arcimen (Carpenter, 1857), all of them taken during the Chamizal II Expedition, Again the variability is significant. Identified by Bert Draper as Elephantanellum, See discussion in FESTIWUS, , Jan, 1979. 33 Figure 2. Elephantulum heptaqonum Carpenter, 1057, Largest specimen is 2,4 mm,. Chamizal II Expedition, July 1969, Figure 3, ^ heptaqonum Specimen uiith II axial ribs taken In 1970 at •Santa Fosalia, B.C. Specimen with 9 axial ribs taken in 1969, west of San Luis Gonzaqa, Q.C, Figure 4, Fartulum (? )f arcimen (Carpenter, 1857) Chamizal II Expedition, July 1969. Identifying species of Caecidae from the Gulf of California, Mexico is an extremely difficult task, I am indebted to Bert Draper for his cour- age in providing identifications for the above shells, Bert had some reser- vations about the accuracy of the identifications of Fartulum dextroversum and Fartulum f arcimen , In describing the genus Fartulum, Carpenter stated, "This group is named from the general resemblance in form to a little saus- age, Some species however approach the long tapering Ele[ihantulum. while others are approached by the ringed Anellum" Been (1971) gives the dis- tinguishing features of Fartulum as smooth, relatively small, and having a cup-shaped apical plug. The F, (? )dextraversum of Figure 1' and. the jF, (?) f arcimen of Figure 4 do not meet these latter requirements. However, the illustrations of the shells described by Carpenter (Brann, 1966) show great variations in the shape of the apical plugs of F, dextroversum and iF, f arcimen , Also in the latter case, there is great variability in the 34 smoothness of the shells* The latter species generally, but not aluays, develops obscure rings near the aperture. The shells pictured by Brann show pronounced wrinkling. Literature Cited Brann, Doris C, 1966, Illustrations to "Catalogue of the Collection of Mazatlan Shells" by Philip P, Carpenter, Paleontological Research Institute, Ithaca, New York, 111 pp,, 56 pis, (April 1), Carpenter, P,P, 1857, Catalogue of the Collection of Mazatlan Shells in the British Museum: collected by Frederick Reigen .... London (British Museum), pp, i-iv + ix-xvi + 552 (Aug, 1, fide Sherborn, 1934), Reprinted Paleont, Res. Inst., 1967, Gemmell, J, 1969, Dredging by Shrimpboat, News of the Ulestern Association of Shell Clubs (San Diego Shell Club), V/ol, 10, No, 4. (Oct, 1). Hertz, J. 1979, Minute Shells, FESTIUUS, Uol, XI, No. 1 (Jan.), Keen, A, Myra. 1971, Sea Shells of Tropical Uest America. Stanford Univ, Press, 1064 pages. LIBRARY NOTES BARBARA W. MYERS, Librarian The Library has just purchased the Reprint of Philip P, ^carpenter's 1857 "Catalogue of the Collection of Mazatlan Shells in the British Museum" and the "Illustrations to 'Catalogue of the Collection of Mazatlan Shells' by Philip P. Carpenter" compiled by Doris C, Brann. These volumes ijiere published by the Paleontological Research Institute, Ithaca, New York; the Catalogue in 1967 and the Illustrations in 1966, During the years 1851-1857 Philip P. Carpenter separated approximately 700 species from the Reigen Collection to illustrate the fauna of Mazatlan. He arranged 8873 specimens showing species variability, mounted them on glass tablets and donated this Collection to the British Museum. It is still on deposit there today and available for study. His 522 page Catalogue was written describing and annotating these species, 255 of which were newly described. The Catalogue contained no illustrations although Carpenter himself had made nearly 1000 drawings. It was not until 1966 that these drawings were finally published and made available as a supplement to the Catalogue. The Library has also just purchased "Mollusks of the Tropical Eastern Pacific Particularly from the Southern Half of the Panamic Pacific Faunal Province (Panama to Peru) - Panamic— Pacific Pelecypoda" by Axel A, Olsson, published by the Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York in 1961, This 574 page descriptive work containing 86 plates has been an ex- tremely valuable reference for many years. This and the Carpenter volumes are important additions to our library literature on the Panamic province. FOR YOUR INFORMATION 1, Member, Ruth Greenberg's Tidepool Gallery is having its Second Annual Rare Shell Show from May 5 to May 13. In addition to a "display of prize-winning world-wide specimen shells on loan to the Tidepool... There will also be a rare opportunity to purchase specimens from the famous Stix collection.,,." 2, The Conchologist s of America Bulletin, neuisletter of the C.O.A., will now be under the Editorship of Richard Goldberg of 49-77 Fresh Meadow Lane, Flushing, N.Y., 11365, The bulletin was formerly edited by Tom Rice, It'' will now be put out as a guarterly with many new and exciting features,' Submit articles, newsnotes etc. to Riohard Goldberg. SAN Ames, Clifford H. Route I, Box 99A Eureka Springs, Ark 72632 Baily, Joshua 4435 Ampudia Drive San Diego, Cal 92103 Bertsch, Judi & Hans 1 1613 La Colina Road San Diego, Cal 92131 566-4485 Berzins, Jackie & Aivars 32532 Captain's Galley Avon Lake, Ohio 44D12 Bibbey, Joe 490 Citrus Avenue Imperial Beach, Cal 92032 423-5133 Bradner, Marge & Hugh 1867 Caminito Marzella La Jolla, Cal 92037 459-7681 Bratcher, Twila 8121 Mulholland Drive Hollywood, Cal 90046 Brewer, Blanche & Norval 3614 Roselawn Avenue San Diego, Cal 92105 282-0148 British Museum of Natl History c/o Audrey Meenan, Serials Dept. Cornwall Road London England SW7-5BD Brosius, Doris & George 159 14 0746 Dep. Mail Sect., Box II APO, San Francisco, Cal 96301 Burch, Beatrice L. 236 Kuuhoa Place Kailua, Hawaii 96734 Burch, Mrs. John Q. 1300 Mayfield Rd, Apt 61 -L Seal Beach, Cal 90740 Burchard, Carol c/o 1137 Prospect Street La Jolla, Cal 92037 459-6858 DIEGO SHELL CLUB MEMBERSHIP Chace, Emery 29661 S. Western Ave, Rm 51 San Pedro, Cal 90732 Closson, Fred 5750 Amaya Drive ^24 La Mesa, Cal 92041 462-6923 Clover, Phillip P.O.Box 83 Glen Ellen, Cal 95442 D'Attilio, Rose & Tony 2415 29th Street San Diego, Cal 92104 281-9731 De Hahn, Lynn & Ken 623 5th Avenue Chula Vista, Cal 92010 427-5925 Delaware Museum Natl History Box 3937 Greenville, Del 19807 Draper, Betram C. 8511 Bleriot Avenue Los Angeles, Cal 90045 Evans, Roger 1900 Camino de la Costa ^1 Redondo Beach, Cal 90277 Everson, Gene 1660 S.W.27th Avenue Ft. Lauderdale, Fla 33312 Faulconer, Heidrun & Phil P.O.Box 82632 San Diego, Cal 92138 222-8082 Fisichella, Melba 7873 Forrestal Road San Diego, Cal 92120 583-2561 Fernandes, Francisco C.P. No. 1038 Luanda Republic Popular Angola Fried, Jeff 3883 Jewel Street, ^B-17 San Diego, Cal 92109 LIST 1979 Gemmell, Joyce 150 S. Anza, Space 47C El Cajon, Cal 92020 447-8004 Goldberg, Richard 49-77 Fresh Meadow Lane Flushing, New York 11365 Good, Barbara & Frank 3142 Larga Court San Diego, Cal 92110 222- 5605 Goosen, Dorothy & Bob 59 Bayside Village Newport Beach, Cal 92660 Greenberg, Ruth c/o 22762 Pacific Coast Hiway Malibu, Cal 90265 213-456-2551 Haigh, Marilyn & Ernest 6533 Orangewood Avenue Cypress, Cal 90630 Hanselman, Virginia & George 5818 Tulane Street San Diego, Cal 92122 453-3019 Hertz, Carole & Jules 3883 Mt. Blackburn Drive San Diego, Cal 921 1 1 277-6259 Hewitt, Susan J . Box 605, Yale Station New Haven, Conn 06520 Hogan, Karen 2736 Worden Street San Diego, Cal 92110 223- 5968 Janowsky, Dorothy c/o 946 Ralph Avenue Grooklyn, New York 11236 King, Harriett & Frank 859 E. Vista Way Vista, Cal 92083 King, June & Bob 4269 Hawk Street San Diego, Cal 92103 296-0574 Lerner, Martin 64 Thompson Avenue Oceanside, New York 11572 Levine, Anita & Morris 139-62 Pershing Crescent Jamaica, New York 11435 Mabry, Blll^ & Don 6333 La Jolla Blvd,^l7l La Jolla, Cal 92037 459-1087 Macquin, Hazelle 437 Douglas Street Salt Lake City, Utah 84102 Martin, Clifton & Clifford 324 Kennedy Lane Oceanside, Cal 92054 757-1528 Michel, Nola & John 4758 Mt Cervin Drive San Diego, Cal 92117 278- 9088 Minor, Michael Fleacts Det., Box 556 FPO, Seattle, Wash 98761 Mulllner, Margaret & David 5283 Vickie Drive San Diego, Cal 92109 488-2701 Myers, Barbara & John 3761 Mt Augustus Avenue San Diego, Cal 92III 279- 9806 Nelson, Susan & John 4561 Utah Street, ^1 San Diego, Cal 92116 282-4764 Pelton, Don 3634 Kettner Blvd, ^5 San Diego, Cal 92101 Perrin, Marilyn & Bill 2947 Luna Avenue San Diego, Cal 92117 272-1285 Phelan, Peggy Box 70B USNF Subic Bay FPO, San Francisco, Cal 96651 PIsor, Jeanne & Don 10373 El Honcho Place San Diego, Cal 92124 279-9342 Poorman, Forrest & Leroy 15300 Magnolia Westminister, Cal 92683 Purdy, Ruth & Ben 3658 Euclid Avenue San Diego, Cal 92105 281-6547 RIchart, Mae Dean 4090 B rant Street, ^4 San Diego, Cal 92103 298-0132 Robertson, Marilyn & Wally c/o 1137 Prospect Street La Jolla, Cal 92037 459-6858 Rosecrans, Jennie L. 1855 Diamond Street, ^5-234 San Diego, Cal 92109 270-3595 Roworth, Edwin 1301 Windsor Drive Cardiff, Cal 92007 753-3903 Ruhl, Deborah Ann 10669 San Diego Mission Rd,^l08 San Diego, Cal 92108 284-1083 Sage, Patricia & John 1635 Lanoltan Avenue National City, Cal 92050 477-3264 Schmeltz, Elaine & Roger 71 Alpine Village Drive Alpine, Cal 92001 445-5561 Schoening, Bob Med Lab Tech School Naval School Health Sciences San Diego, Cal 92134 233-2715 Schuler, Sherry & Marty 5150 Balboa Arms Dr, ^B-3 San Diego, Cal 92117 279-8188 Seay, Eunice & Jim 3290 San Carlos Drive Spring Valley, Cal 92077 466-8994 Seckington, Sandie, 6314 Lake Badin Drive , San Diego, Cal 92119 | 462-9455 ,i Skoglund, Carol c/o 3846 E. Highland Avenue Phoenix, Arizona 85018 | Smith, John E. AIMD Box 24 USS CORAL SEA CV43 j FPO, San Francisco, Cal 96601 ) Smith, Martha & Franklin | 872 La Jolla Rancho Road La Jolla, Cal 92037 459-4920 Smithsonian Institution Library-Acquisitions ^901052:0201 Washington, D.C. 20560 Snell, Chuck ^ P.O.Box AC Trinidad, Cal 95570 Souder, John W. 7845 Michelle Drive La Mesa, Cal 92041 ; Steward, Ellen & Orville P.O .Box 336 Briarcllff Manor, New Jersey 10513 Stohler, Rudolf f 1584 Mllvla Street | Berkeley, Cal 94709 ' Taylor, Kay & Roland 2437 Aster Street San Diego, Cal 92109 274-2998 Thomas, Louise, Lawrence, David ! c/o 590 Embarcadero Morro Bay, Cal 93442 Thompson, Agnes 716 2nd Street, Space 178 El Cajon, Cal 92020 447-0191 Tisdale, William 4329 Avalon Drive San Diego, Cal 92103 Upton, Virginia Box 1614 Sierra Vista, Arizona 85635 Voso, Helen & Ed 1815 Sweetwater Road, Space ^134 Spring Valley, Cal 92077 469-8308 Webb, Kay & Ray Rigdon, Marie 50IA Anita Street, Space 186 Chula Vista, Cal 92011 420-4900 Weber, Gladys 6439 W. Myrtle Avenue, Sp 79 Glendale, Arizona 85301 tijright, Jeanne 4905 Twain Ave, San Diego, Cal. 92120 583-2548 Woolsey, Jody 3717 Bagley Avenue, ^206 Los Angeles, Cal 90034 Yeend, Margenette & Arthur 5668 Lord Cecil Street San Diego, Cal 92122 453-0531 Zuggo, Barbara P.D. Box 131 LJest Hatfield, Mass, 01088 Lindebrekke, Lynn & Ken 6306 Lake Badin Ave, San Diego, Cal 92119 465-1092 ^(0 ci-yiy-, / 'uy/^ ^/aktiLS, 7 (?d/Y]/r)i k Mut" l^ y onlcj l nis McH- THE Sfr LIGr.ARY DfV’!^JL'.\ Cr !'40L LUSKS FESTIVnS SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968 MEETS THIRD THURSDAY CASA DEL PRADO BALBOA PARK ROOM 104 7:30 P.M. President: Hugh Bradner [/ice President: Sandie Seckington Recording Secretary: Jacquie Berzins Corresponding Secretary :... Karen Hogan Treasurer: Walter Robertson Editor: Carole M, Hertz ANNUAL DUES: Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc, Single membership $4,00; Family membership $5,00: Overseas surface $4,50; Student membership $3,00, CLUB ADDRESS: Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc,, c/d 3863 Mt, Blackburn „Ave, , Ban Diego, Ca, 92111, Vol. XI May 1979 No , 5 PROGRAM: The 1970 AMELA Expedition to the Solomon Islands, Part II. This illustrated talk uill be given by Dave Mulliner and Bob Schoening. Part I was given by Phil Faulconer (see FESTIUUS, Nov. 1978, pp. 100-102). There will be a silent auction of corals and shells. Date: May 17 Time: 7:30 P.M. Room 104 THE ANNUAL AUCT lON/POTLUCK April 14, 1979 By KAREN HOGAN With good cheer, excellent food and punch and mountains of beautiful shells to bid upon, it was a fun filled evening for the more than 45 people in attendance, Hugh Bradner, Dave Mulliner and Bob Schoening did an excellent job in auctioning the shells,- There were good buys to be had from the abundance of fine shells available. The Club thanks our gracious hosts. Marge and Hugh Bradner for mak- ing their home available to us and to all the others who contributed to make the auction an outstanding success. 36 MURICIDS FROM OKIfMAUA AND THE BOHOL STRAITS ANTHONY D'ATTILID Department of Marine In\/ertebrates , Natural History Museum Balboa Park, P,0, Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 A feoi additional species of Muricidae have come to the attention of collectors recently as a result of the almost steady flou of new molluscan discoveries from the western Pacific, This material is collected from depths of several hundred feet, an area not previously explored with any thoroughness. Although neither identified nor described, illustrations of these species are valuable to encourage exchange of information. If sufficient material of these species are collected and properly analyzed, possibly they may have been published already in some obscure journal. Some of these species are of more than ordinary aesthetic as well as scientific interest, both from the aspect of form and color. The species figured here are from Ckinaua as well as from the Philip- pines, In the case of Llkinauja, the specimens have been obtained by rather deep scuba dives of about 20B feet. The Philippine specimens are from the nouj uell-knouin area of Bohol Straits in the vicinity of Punta Engano, Mactan Island, where the fishing village is situated. Fig, la Fig, lb The generic affinities of Figs, la, b are somewhat difficult to ascertajn. The general configuration of the shell suggests a moruloid placement while apertural characters suggest muricopsine characters, Radula studies may be helpful for generic placement in this instance. Fig. 2a Fig. 2b The species illustrated by ‘"iqe, 2a, b seem assianable hurexiella nr Favartia . This problem of generic placement to ^'iqs. 3a, b. The Fav -.rtia-Murexiella complex of species to be one of the more numerous in terms of species in the F to either apalies also is turning out ami ly i'Mjricid -e . Fig., 3 a Fiq. 3b 58 Radula differences are not significant between the types of both genera. The occurence of many intermediate forms between the two "genera',’ differ- entiated essentially by the length of spines and the development of the connecting web between the spines, suggests a reduction at the generic level to one taxon to cover the entire complex, I am especially interested in examining further specimens of these species, and would appreciate the opportunity to study such material. Acknowledgments: The specimens figured here were kindly sent to me for possible identification by Eugenia liiright of Phoenix, Arizona, "Gee" Uright is a keen student and collector of Murex, Dr, Hans Bertsch kindly read this paper. The original slides were taken by Barbara Myersyand David Mulliner made the black and white photographs from the slides. BDGh REUIEUi BARBARA W . MYERS Department of Marine Invertebrates, Matural History Museum, Balboa Park P.-Q, Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 Cone Shells - A Synopsis of the Living Conidae By Jerry G, Ualls TFH Publications Inc, Ltd, Hong Kong 1011 pp, 1106 color photographs Price $30,00 This impressive volume was written, as the author states, "for collectors by a collector." It covers 309 species of Conidae, three of which are new species and one a new subspecies. The author has recog- nized only one genus. Conus . For each species there is a detailed description. The synonymy is included, referenced and commented on briefly. Uariation, comparisons, and distribution are discussed. There is some useful information on shell structure, anatomy, reproduction and the much publicized danger from the venomous barb, A short bibliography is included in addition to the refer- ences in the synonymy of each species. Fossil names, and Recent nameS/ with the species the author considers valid in bold type, are listed as well as a crmpilation of dealers' names. The color plates are exceptionally well done, V/ariation within a species is illustrated by using four or more specimens. The black and white text photos are unimpressive. The Conidae ranp,e widely over warm tropical seas. The shell is solid, of a consistent shape, colorful and polished under a drab periostracum. The celebrated Conus gloriamaris Chemnitz, 1777, which has commanded high prices since the 18th century, has drawn attention to the family for years. Their popularity with collectors ranks them with the Cypraeidae and Volutidae, The nomenclature has become confusing and cumbersome with the in- creased number of species, and the naming of color forms and varieties, Mr. Galls has evaluated each species, combining forms and changing names in many cases. Whether or not his review of the family becomes contro- versial remains to be seen, but that it contains a wealth of information very useful to the collector is a fact. THl UF a MEU CwaBUEAN WDLUTE 5C;\PHELLA VEf\IE IS EMEHSOIM & OLD, 1S79 GENE EUEUSUN 1G60 S.IlI, 27th '-’.venue Ft, Lauderdale, Fla, 33312 In March 1968 Mrs, Lhristine Goddard of Ft, Myers Beach, Florida found a volute in a bucket of shells which her husband had bouqht from shrimpers for ^2,60, This shell had a checkered spire resembling Scaphella junonia but the rest of the shell li'as completely different. It was very light in weight and had wide spiral bands of color. Another specimen was dredoed five years later by Siley Black, while working the Yucatan Channel of Mexico, This shell was donated to the A.merican Museum of f\lr=tural History in New York in 1977, I was able to purchase one of ttiese str-'^nge volutes when another wi^s tr'^wled in March 1978, The shrimper had wrapoed the so ell in cotton and preserved it in a tin can full of alcohol with the •animal intact! This was exciting because now, perhaps, this s[iecies would be named. Figure la : Dorsal view Figure lb: Apertural view Scaphella contoyensis Emerson S Old, 1979 Length: approx. 160 mm, lilidth: 70 mm. Dredged in 73 meters, northwest of Cnntoy Light, off Yucatan, Mexico, March 1978, Gene Everson collection Photography by Fred Leonard. Arranging to meet with Dr, Llilliam Emerson, I took my new seashell to New York,. The shell wqs measured and photographed and the animal was re- moved and given to the museum. Since they already had a specimen for the 40. holotype, my shell became a paratype and I was able to keep it. Dr, Emerson asked me to verify and obtain information about as many specimens as possible to add validity to the description of the new species. Mean- while, he and Bill Old would study the animal and research the literature. The first person that I contacted wps Barbara McGinn, whose husband, Tom, is a shrimper out of Gutoff, Louisiana, Riley Black had seen speci- mens collected by the McGinns, She said that they had found eight speci- mens and that she would send me color photographs, measurements and local- ity data. This information arrived and similar documentation was also obtained from Mrs, Goddard, Next I ventured (literally) to Ernie Ryckman's shell-yard and menagerie in Stock Island, f’lorida and verified yet another of these unigue volutes. It was rumored that Elsie Malone had a specimen with a broken lip, but when she said that it had already been described by the University of Miami, we assumed it to be Scaphella evelina Bayer, which is the only large volute named there. (U, of M, also named a Lyria and two , UolutomitraX However, she later unpacked it and sent it to New York where it turned out to be the volute that we were looking for. Meanwhile, Dr, Emerson was corresponding luith Dr, Bayer, who named Scaphella evelina , concerning relationships and differences between the two species, since _B, evelina appeared to be the closest relative to this new species. He then acquired three more specimens which the McGinns had sent to Harvard University five years earlier. Two features of this species emerged during this legwork and research period. One was that the shell color, pattern, and other characteristics were consistent, indicating that this was not just a "freak junonia". The other was that although the reported depths at which this volute was taken ranged from 210 to 540 feet, they all came from the same place. This was the area off the Yucatan known as Contoy — hence the name, Scaphella contuyensis Emerson and Old, 1979, Ed. Noter The original description of this volute appears in The Nautilus, Uol, 93(1), pp, 10-14, January 10, 1979. This volume iS in the Club library,. THE SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB SCIENCE FAIR AWARD The Club's participation in The Greater San Diego Science and Engineering Fair is now in its seventh year. Our award is presented to an outstanding upper division entrant in the category of marine life. This year's committee was Bob Schoening, Don Pisor and Hans Bertsch, As is traditional, the winner may choose one of three books for his or her prize, 1) Barnes, "Invertebrate Zoology," 2) Ricketts & Calvin, "Between Pacific Tides," and 3) Radwin & D'Attilio, "Murex Shells of the World." This year's winner is Mike D, Moore, an eleventh grader at Torrey Pines High School in Del Mar, In Mike's project, "Byssus Fiber Differ;- ences in Response to Wave Shock," he measured the number and strength of byssus fibers in My t ilus edul is in both calm water and in heavy surf con- ditions, Mike will present his project to the membership and receive his award, Barnes, "Invertebrate Zoology" at the June meeting. The committee also awarded an Honora^Dle Mention to Amy S, Kimball, a tenth grader at Point Loma High School for her fine work on "The Movement of Acmaea Digitalis . " She will receive a commendation from the Club in the mail. MINUTE SHELLS (UPDATE UN TURBLNILLA TRIDENTATA CARPENTER, 1865) JULES HERTZ Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa P^^rk P,0. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 One of the species featured in the "Minute Shells" column of the September 1970 FESTIl/US mas T urbonilla tridentat a Carpenter, 1065, The specimen pictured was from an early collection and had been collected in Newport Bay, Calif, It was relatively small (0,5 mm,) for the species. In recent months, I have collected a number of larger specimens at Tourmaline Surfing Beach (Pacific Beach), San Diego, Calif, and at Solana Beach, Calif, These have all been dead collected, beach specimens which have apparently washed in from deeper water. In comparing these with shells at the San Diego Natural History Museum, it became obvious that there is a great similarity between T, tridentata and _T, catalinensis Dali &. Bartsch, 1909. In fact, Abbott (197A) considers _T. catalinensis a synonym of _T. tridentata , Left: T_. tridentata Carpenter, 1065; Length: 15,7 mm. Center: _T, catalinensis Dali & Bartsch, 1909; Length: 12, A mm. Right: T. tridentata Carpenter, 1065; Length: 14,0 mm. Photograph by EESTIViUS staff photographer, Barbara U. Myers The center specimen, T_, catalinensis (SDNHM Lot No, 10256), was taken at 35 fms. off Catalina Island, Calif, Original identification was by Dr, Paul Bartsch, The other two specimens are T_. tridentata ; the one on the left taken at Solana Beach, Calif, in the winter of 1970 (Hertz collection), and the one on the right taken by ^iola S, Bristol in 1930 at Ocean Beach, Calif. (SDNHM Lot No. 20110). The T_, tridentata are chestnut-brown in color, while the T, catalinensis are pale amber in color. Although very similar on first examination, I found several distinguishing features on closer examination. These differ- ences were noted by Dali & Bartsch (1909) and are constant for the large number of T, tridentata and the half dozen _T, catalinensis I have examined. The aperture of T_. tridentata is subguadrate with the posterior angle acute, while in T_, catalinensis the aperture is rhomboidal with the posterior angle obtuse. In _T, tridentata, the intercostal spaces (between axial ribs) are traversed by five spiral grooves. These deep spiral lines are often dif- ficult to observe in worn beach specimens. In IT, catalinensis , the inter- costal spaces are marked by nine egually spaced spiral lines. These give 42 an appearance of heav/y spiral ribbing between the axial ribs. My obser- vations load me to the conclusion that T. catal inensis is a valid species. Literature Cited Abbott, R, Tucker, 1974, American Seashells, 'Second Edition, l/an Nostrand ileinhold Co,, 663 pages, Dali, W.H. and Paul Bartsch, 19C9, A Monograph of West American Pyramidellid Mollusks, Bull, U.6. Nat, Mus,, no, 60, 258 pp, 3B pis, (Dec, 13). 1, The joint meeting of the AMU-WBM will be held August 5-lB, 1979 at La '''Uinta Royale Motor Inn in Corpus Lhristi Texas, Information on field trips, costs for room and registration, as well as sample registration form and 'Call for papers' information have been received by the Club and will be available at the May meeting. 2, The Club will be exchanging publications with II Naturalists Siciliano, of the Institute of Zoology in Palermo, Italy, This fine publication covers natural history in general with one or more articles per issue on mollusks. It is printed in Italian, 3, Back issues of The FEBTIWUS may be purchased for Sl.OQ per issue while supply lasts. .Special issues may be ordered at i)2.0D per copy, 4, The FESTIUUS needs your articles. FUR YUUR INFCRMMTIL'N TCU LATE FUR THE ROSTER Stowell, Linda & Hit 5102 Towle Street San Diego, Calif. 92105 282-4726 Leonard, Patricia L, 141 Grandview St. Apt, 27 LeuCadia, Calif, 92024 (714) 753-1190 '$m OEOQ SHELL GL053 % C. HERTZ 3883 m. BLiCKBUR?^ AVL $m mm, m earn 20560 SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968 MEETS THIRD THURSDAY CASA DEL PRADO BALBOA PARK ROOM 104 7:30 P.M, President: Hugh Bradner Vice President: Sandie Seckington Recording Secretary: Jacquie Berzins Corresponding Secretary Karen Hogan Treasurer: .UJalter Robertson Editor: Carole M. Hertz ANNUAL DUES: Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc. Single membership $4,00; Family membership $5,00: Overseas surface $4,50; Student membership $3,00, CLUB ADDRESS: Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc^ , c/o 3883 Mt, Blackburn „Ave. , San Diego, Ca, 92111, Ub l.. XI June 1979 No» 6 = ♦ + * PROGRAM: Roger Schmeltz will give an illustrated talk on Collecting * * * * on Midway Island with a display of shells from the area, J * Mike Moore, Club Science Fair winner will present his * * project to the membership, ♦ * Pictures from the Auction/Potluck will also be sh«''*" * * Bring in your Olives for display at this meetingCsae p, 46),* * Date: June 21 Time; 7:30 P.M, Room 104* * ♦****»*l(l*****+***********j(!**** + ************************ltt**************** FROM THE MINUTES: - MAY 12, 1979 KAREN HOGAN, Secretary The regular meeting was brought to order by Ulally Robertson, Treasurer. Members we^e advised that some still needed to meet their membership dues obligations. Guests were introduced. The Amela Expedition to the Solomons, Part II was the topic of the presentation by Dave Mulliner and Bob Schoening, Specimens acquired on this fantastic holiday tour were displayed from the collection of Dave and Margaret Mulliner, (Article will appear in a future issue, Ed,), After the coffee break the silent auction was closed and the bus- iness portion of the meeting was held. The treasurer's report indicated that the annual auction was the greatest success ever. A fond farewell to Bob Schoening was given since he is leaving for a tour of duty in Hawaii. The meeting was adjourned at 9:40 P.M, THE EASTERIM PACIFIC CHRCMDDDRIDB (□PISTHDBRANCHIA; CHRCMCDORIDINAE) HAIMS BERT3CH Department of Marina Inv/ertebratea, IMatural Hiatory Museum, Balboa Park, P.D, Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 The family Chromodorididae encompasses 2 subfamilies: the temperate to cold water Cadlininae (with the genus Cadlina Bergh, 1878), and the tropical to warm temperate water Chromodoridinae (with the genera Chromodoris Alder & Hancock, 1855, Chromolaichma Bertsch, 1977, Mexichromia Bertsch, 1977, Thorunna Bergh, 1877, Babaina Qdhner, 1968, Casella H. & A, Adams, 1854, and Hypselodoris Stimpscn, 1655), There are 15 named species of Chromodoridinae from the western coast of the Americas, The accompanying illustrations, species list, general color descriptions, usual length of li\/ing animals, and known distributions can serve as a quick identification guide to these brightly colored nudibranchs. Detailed morphological descriptions, synonymies, bibliography, etc. are given by Bertsch (1977 and 1978) in volumes 20 and 21 of The Weliger, A» Chromodoris baumanni Bertsch, 1970. liihite body with numerous red- purple dots; interrupted band of orange around edge of notum, 40-60 mm. Middle Gulf of California to the Galapagos, B, . Chromodoris qalexorum Bertsch, 1976, White body; scarlet splotches surrounded by chrome yellow. About 30 mm. Southern two-thirds of the Gulf of California, C, Chromodoris marislae Bertsch, in Bertsch, Ferreira, Farmer & Hayes, 1973. White body; orange spots and ringlets. To 80 mm. Central and southern Gulf of California, D, Chromodoris macf arlandi Cockerell, 1901, Body reddish-violet, with three longitudinal dorsal yellow lines. 30-60 mm, Monterey, Californi to Bahia Magdalena, Baja California, Mexico, E, ^ Chromodoris norrisi Farmer, 1963, White body with purple-red and yellow dots. To 60 mm. Gulf of California (a few records from the outer coast of Baja California Suri. F, . Chromodoris sphoni (Marcus, 1971). Cream yellow body with a prominent "red-cross” pattern, 10-20 mm,. Mazatlan, Mexico to Panama, G, Chromolaichma sedna (Marcus & Marcus, 1967), Pure white body color; notum surrounded by vivid red band and an outer marginal brilliant yellow edging. Usually 40-50 mm, Puerto Penasco, Sonora, Mexico to Panama, and the Galapagos Islands, H, Chromolaichma dalli (Bergh, 1879), White body and black dots (larger specimens resembling salt-and-pepper) ; occasional orange or red spots; gills and rhinophores white, light red or orange distally. 20- 45' mm. Northern Gulf of California to Costa Rica, I, Mexichromia antonii (Bertsch, 1976), Coloration consists of shades of blue, magenta, black, yellow-orange and white. ID mm. Middle Gulf of California to Costa Rica; very few records. J, Mexichromia porterae (Cockerell, 1901), Deep blue body color; two longitudinal orange-yellow stripes. 10-25 mm, Monterey, California, to just south of Isla iCedros, Baja California, Mexico. 45 Plate reprinted from Ueliger 20(2): 115 (1 October 1977) 46 K* Mexlchromig tura (Marcus & Marcus, 1967), Center of dorsum dark violet to nearly black, with reddish (or yellow) spots and dashes; the broad bluish-white marginal edge contains an orange band, 10-2D mm. La Paz area, Baja California, southern Mexico, and Panama, L, . Hypselodorls aqassizii (Bergh, 1894), Body is dark blue; small yellow dots; broken bands of light green, navy blue and yellow surround notum. 20-30 mm, Puerto P^asco, Sonora, Mexico, to Panama; Galapagos Islands, M, Hypselodorls calif ornlensis (Bergh, 1879), Body blue, yellow streaks, lightish blue-white marginal band, 50-70 mm, Monterey, California, to Bahfa Magdalena, Baja California, Mexico, Rare in Gulf of California, IM. Hypselodorls qhiselini Bertsch, 1978, Body deep navy blue; numerous yellow spots, 30-70 mm. Gulf of California, 0, Hypselodorls lapislazuli (Bertsch & Ferreira, 1974), Shades of blue^ yellow dots in the darker colored regions. About 10 mm, Galapagos Islands, Received from Aivars and Jackie Berzins- SKIN DIV/ER for the years 1974-1977, several issues in 1973 and all but May and December of 1978, SEA for February to December 1977 and several miscellaneous periodicals . Received from Dr, Hans Bertsch- The Molluscs of the Chicago Area - Pelecypoda, by Frank Collins Baker. 1898, The Chicago Academy of Sciences, Bull, III, Pt, I, 130 pp, 27 pis, liJe express our thanks to the Berzins and Dr, Bertsch for their generosity. The volute exhibit at our March meeting drew many favorable comments from the membership and requests that there be more such displays at our meetings. As a result, the Club asks members to bring in their specimens from the Olividae — Oliva, Aqaronia , Olivella , Ancilla . For the August meeting — Cassis and Tonna, LIBRARY DDNATIUIYS BARBARA lij , MYERS, Librarian OLIUE DISPLAY AT JUNE MEETING NEbJ MEMBER CHANGE OF ADDRESS Rev, Jack Wilkins 5635 Lincoln Street Hollywood, Florida 33021 Bote Schoening EPMU m Pearl Harbor, Hawaii 96860 47 MINUTE SHELLS BITTIUM MUNITUM AND/DR BITTIUM MUNITUM MUNITDIDE JULES HERTZ Department of Marine Inv/ertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park P.B. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 There are many species of the genus Bittium Gray, 1847 found in the eastern Pacific, The genus Bittium belongs to the family Cerithiidae Fleming, 1822. There is some difference of opinion, hoiuever, as to which sub- family it belongs. Keen (1971) puts Bittium in the subfamily Gerithiopsinae H. & A, Adams, 1854, while Abbott (1974) placed it in Bittinae Crossman, 1906. The specimen pictured below was obtained from an early 19QD's collection, and identified as Bittium munitum munitoide Bartsch, 1911. It was collected at San Gerronimo Island, Lower California, Mexico. Abbott considers Bittium munitum munitoide a synonym of B, munitum (Carpenter, 1864). Bartsch (1911) in naming munitum munitoide considered it a southern race of B. munitum. The specimens he examined were from San Pedro, California, whereas the type lot of munitum was collected by Swan at Neah Bay, Uashington , Bartsch distinguished the two by stating that the B. muni turn munitoide were smaller and had more ribs (as many as 40) on the last whorl. The specimen pictured here is 6.0 mm. long as compared to the 8.2 mm. specimen pictured by Bartsch, Bartsch also pictured two munitum (7,8 mm. and 7 mm,), each smaller than the munitum munitoide The specimen pictured here, from Lower California, has less than the 28 axial ribs on the last whorl as reported by Bartsch for B, munitum, which is significantly lower than the number for B, munitum munitoide . Based on the abowe, I agree with Abbott in his placement of Bs munitum munitoide in synonymy. Literature Cited Abbott, R, Tucker, 1974, American Seashells, Uan Nnstrand r^einhold, 663 pages. Bartsch, Paul, 1911. The recent and fossil mollusks of the genus Bittium from the west coast of America, Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, Uol. 40, No. 1826: 363-414, pis. 51-58 (May 12). Keen, A, Myra. 1971, Sea Shells of Tropical West America, Stanford Uniu. Press. 1064 pages. QBSERUATIOMS DIM THE DIFFERENCES BETUJEEN THE JUVENILE AND MATURE TURRITELLA ANACTDR BERRY, 1957 CAROLE M. HERTZ Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park P.O. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 The specimens of Turritella anactor Berry, 1957, pictured below appear to be two different species. The T, anactor shown on the left is easily identified by the characteristic beveled keel just above the suture and the concave outline of the whorls (Keen, 1971). The T^. anactor juvenile on the right, however, shows none of the identifying features of the adult. The beveled carina on the lower portion of the whorl is lacking and the shell is spirally corded with a protruding spiral ridge or costa central on the whorl instead of the fine spiral striae of the adult. T_. anactor Berry, 1957 Hertz collection Length: SC. 5 mm. Photographs* Barbara U. X* ariactor Gemmell collection Length: 137 mm. T^. anactor Gemmell collection Length: approx. 25 mm. Myers, FESTIVUS staff photographer In T urritella anactor the juvenile typically varies greatly from the mature shell. In his original, unfigured description Berry notes the change from the "earliest whorls mesocostate" to "subsequent whorls at first straight-sided, toward strongly constricted mesially and developing a heavy pinched-out secondary carina at the lower quarter, below which the whorl is abruptly beveled into the narrowly channeled suture." 49 The shell is cream to tan with a flammuloae pattern in a medium to purplish brown. The whorls have numerous fine spiral threads above the beveled keel which sometimes appear nodulose as a result of 1he color pattern. The keel is often slightly noded. The underside of the shell is coarsely threaded with approximately five rows of cords. The thin, chitinous, spirally ceiled operculum is typical of the genus. In the over fifty specimens of T, anactor examined from juvenile to adult, including the two paratypes in the San Diego Natural History Museum, Department of Marine Invertebrates, Type Series 249 collected San Felipe 1957)^ the protoconch has always been broken. The specimens figured here were collected from the type locality of San Felipe, Baja California, Mexico, Joyce Gemmell states that anactor is no longer common intertidally there, kle have found it at extreme low tides in low, muddy depressions where the current flows constantly (Campo Uno, San Felipe) or in natural drainage channels about two feet deep on clay (Pete's Camp & Alicia Playa, San Felipe) always below a -4,0 foot tide level (Gemmell, personal communication). Juvenile specimens have been found in sea star stomachs (DuShane & Brennan, 1969), Keen (1971) lists the range of this species as San Felipe to Puerto Penasco. I have not collected this species outside the San Felipe area and the literature search showed only one citation of J, anactor outside of the San Felipe region. Parker (1964:152) dredged J, anactor at about 15Q km, south of Puerto Penasco (29^5D'N; 112°49*liJ) at 73-77 m, deep, on 30 March I960, He does not indicate number, age, or condition of specimens. Personal communication with Carol Skoglund, who has collected extensively in Puerto Penasco, verifies the existence of T_, anactor in the northeastern part of the Gulf, She says, "I have collected it as a dead shell in Cholla Bay proper and live a little farther around on the Black Mountain side..," Correspondence with Helen DuShane provided the further information that _T, anactor "occurs sparingly at Puertecitos. At Choya Hay, Punta Penasco, I have it, April 1958. At that time I saw a woman come in with a pail full of T_, anactor , huge ones,,," The T urritella are filter feeders living on detritus and phytoplankton (Fretter & Graham, 1962 discussing T_, communis ) , T urritella are special- ized for their hbbitat, usually living below the surface in mud or sandy gravel where "its position can be detected by two depressions marking the inhalant and exhalant openings to the mantle cavity; the tip of the ex- halant opening is often visible. A veil of tentacles around the inhalant opening prevents the ingress of large particles and excessive silt" (Fretter & Graham, 1962). I wish to thank Carol Skoglund and Helen DuShane for their help in providing locality data for T_. anactor , to Joyce Gemmell for her infor- mation on habitat and the use of her specimens, to Barbara U, Myers for the excellent photographs, and to Hans Bertsch for his helpful suggestions and for critically reading this paper. Literature Cited Berry, 5. Stillman, 1957, Notices of New Eastern Pacific Mollusca, -I, Leaflets in Malacology, V/ol. 1, No, 14:76, (July 19), DuShane Helen & Ellen Brennan. 1969, A Preliminary Survey of Mollusks from Consag Rock and Adjacent Areas, Gulf of California, Mexico. Ueliger, Wol. 11(4): 351-363. (April 1), Fretter, Wera & Alastair Graham, 1962, British Prosobranch Mollusca. Ray Society, 755 pp, (pp. 1G6-108, 262, fig. 64), Keen, A, Myra, 1971, Sea Shells of Tropical West America. Stanford Univ. Press. 1B64 pp. (pp. 381-394), Parker, Robert H, 1964, Zoogeography and Ecology Of ^ome Macro Inverte- brates, Particularly Mollusks, In The Gulf Of California And the Continental Slope Off Mexico, WidenskabeliqB Meddeleserf ra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Vol. 126:1-78, pis, X«X\/. (p,152). 1 % 5^9010520201 20560 ( a A, H Of D Ji' ui‘ ■' F^)S’ A;,// THE FESTIVUS SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968 MEETS THIRD THURSDAY CASA DEL PRADO BALBOA PARK ROOM lOU 7:30 P.M. President: Hugh Bradner Uice President: Sandie Seckington Recording Secretary: Jecquie Berzina Corresponding Secretary .Karen Hogan T reasurer :....*.»..«a*«.*.*Ualter Robertson Editor: Carole M, Hertz ANNUAL DUES: Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc. Single membership $4,00; Family membership $5,00: Overseas surface $4,50; Student membership $3,00, CLUB ADDRESS: Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc^, c/o 3863 Mt, 43iBckburn„AvB, , San Diego, Ca, 92111, Uol, XI July, 1979 No, 7 ,*,**♦*♦*♦*************♦*****’'‘***********’'‘***************************’'‘*5 * * • PROGRAM; Billee Mabry will give an illustrated talk on her J • Thailand Travels, She will also have a display of the J * shells she collected there, « * ♦ * Date: July 19 Time: 7:30 P.M, Room 104 J J,*,******************************************************************** FROM THE MINUTES The June 21st meeting was called to order by Secretary, Karen Hogan, Guests were introduced and the program opened with the presentation of the Club’s Science Fair Award to Mike Moore, Dr. Hans Bertsch made the presen- tation and Mike gave a summary of his project to the membership (see p, 55 this issue). Follwwing this, Roger Schmeltz gave a comprehensive, illus- trated talk on Midway Island, His photography of the island and its life was excellent as was the entire presentation. In addition to his infor- mative talk, Roger brought in an extensive display of the shells he had collected there. Following coffee break there was a very brief business meeting. The meeting was adjourned just before ten o’clock. TRIPTERDTYPHIB LDUJEI FROM THE SDLQMDIM ISLANDS ANTHDIMY D'ATTILIO Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park P,Q, Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 During June 1978, a feu members of the San Diego Shell Club uent on a collecting trip to the Solomon Islands, While there, David Mulliner collected a single specimen of a species of T ripterotyphis at thirty feet (Fig,, 1), This species is referable to louei Pilsbry, 1931 from the Panamic province (Fig, 2), The a notable resemblance to tuo other Cueensland , Fig* 1* T ripterotyphis louei Mulliner collection Size; 11 mm. Location: 30 ft., diving off Roncador Reef, Solomon Is. Date: 6/30/78 - 7/1/78 specimen from the Solomons also bears ecies from Norfolk Island and Fig. 2. T ripterotyphis louei 5DNHM collection Coll, Helen DuShane Size: 11.1 mm Location: Escondido Bay, Gulf of California, Mexico Date: Feb. 5, 1971, intertidal Pander (1972) treated these southuestern Pacific forms as subsoecies of 1[. louei Pilsbry, 1931. The tuo taxa referred to by Ponder are T, louei norfolkensis (Fleming, 1961) and T. louei colemani (Ponder, 1972). Houever, Ponder regarded them as conspecific although he retained the sub- specific names. The distribution of _T, louei in the Panamic extends to the Galapagos Islands uhere the species attains a larger and more robust appearance (Cig^ 3), 52 Fig, 3. T ripterotyphis lauiei Mulliner collection Size:: 18 mm. Location: Sullivan Bay, Bartholome Is., Galapagos Is, in 3-lB ft, March 1971 Fig, 4, J, robustus (V/erco, 1895) SDIMHM collection Size: 12 mm. Location: South Australia In addition to the above, other Recent species of Tripterotyphis are: T_, f ayae (Keen & Campbell, 1964), eastern Pacific, T_, robustus (V/erco, 1895), South Australia, Fig, 4, T, triangularis (A, Adams, 1856), Caribbean Islands, Except for triangularis and T^, f ayae, the remaining Recent T ripterotyphis are closely allied if not conspecific with _T, louei , In Tripterotyphis Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932, the tubes are confluent with the varices as in the type species, 1^, louei Pilsbry, 1931, In Pterotyphis Jousseaume, 1880, the tubes immediately precede the varices as in the type species, £, pinnatus (Broderip, 1833), Tuo fossil species are listed in the literature: _T, uenzelidesi (Hdrnes, 1856) from ItB Miocene of Europe and _T, vokesae (Gertman, 1969) from the lower Miocene of Florida, The sizes of the specimens shouin in Figs, 1—4 are compared in Figs, 5 and 6* 53 Fig. 5, Apertural vieus L to R. _T, lauiei Salomon Islands T_, loujei Galapagos Islands X* robustus South Australia _T, loujei Panamic; (Escondido Bay, Gulf of California) References Adams, A, 1856, Descriptions of 2 new genera and several new species of Mollusca, from the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq, Zool, Soc, London Proc, pp. 119-124. (December). Fleming, C.A. 1962, The genus Pterynotus Swainson (Gastropoda, Family Muricidae) in IMew Zealand and Norfolk Island, Trans, of the Royal Soc. of N.Z. 88(4) H/ol. 2, No. 14^1 :1G9-119, pi. 1. Gertman, Richard L, 1969. Cenozoic Typhinae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Uiestern Atlantic region, Tulane Studies in Geolooy and Paleontology, 7 (4 ): 143-191 , pis. 1-8, text figs. 1-3, Htirnes, M, 1856, Die Fossilen Mollusken des Tert iar-Beckens von Uien. K.H, Geol, Reichsanstalt Abh 3(1-10); 1-736, pis, 1-52, been. A, Myra & Bruce G. Campbell, 1964. Ten new species of Typhinae (Gastropoda: Muricidae), Ueliger 7(1); 46-57, pis, 8-11, 3 text figs, Pilsbry,H, A, 1931, Typhis lowei n, sp. Nautilus 45(2); 72. Ponder, Llinston F, 1972. Notes on some Australian genera and species of the family Muricidae. Jour, Mai, Soc. Aust. 2(3): 215-265, pis, 2G-25, Acknowledgments Mr. David K. Mulliner kindly cooperated in the preparation of this paper by providing specimens and [photographs. Dr, Hans Bertsch read the paper and his comments are acknowledged. 54 MINUTE SHELLS BITTIUM qUADRIFILATUM CARPENTER, 1864 JULES HERTZ Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa P^k P*D* Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 For the next few months, this column will continue to feature species of Bittium from the eastern Pacific, The descriptive features of the genus Bittium were described by Tryon in the Manual of Conchology as follows: Shell elevated, with numerous granular whorls and irregular varices; anterior canal short, not recurved; inner lip simple, outer lip not reflected, usually with an exterior rib. Operculum four-whorled with central nucleus. The most common species found in San Diego is Bittium quadrif ilatum Carpenter, 1864, The specimen pictured here is one of eleven taken by Carole M, Hertz on May 25, 1969 in the Flood Control Channel, San Diego, California. The specimens were live collected in black silt under cobwe. -like algae in 3 to 6 feet of water. The reported range for this species ie Monterey, California to San Ignacio, Lower California . The shell was identified using the description and figure in Bartsch (1911). The shell is elongate-conic and a dull chestnut brown. Bishop & Bishop (1973) report Bittium quadrif ilatum abundant in sand in the Flood Control Channel in 1971,- The photograph of B, quadrif ilatum is by David K, MullinerT FESTIUUS staff photographer. Bittium quadrif ilatum Carpenter, 1664 Length: 12mm Width: 3,6mm Literature Cited Bartsch, Paul, 1911, The Recent and fossil mollusks of the genus Bittium from the west coast of America, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus, Uol, 40, No, 1826 pp, 383-414, pis. 51-58 (May 12). Bishop, M,J,. and S.J, Bishop,. 1973, A census of marine prosobranch gastropods at San Diego, California, The V/eliger, Wol. 16(2): 143- 152. (Oct, 1). Tryon, G.IjJ., Jr, 1879-1913, Manual of Concho, ogy. Philadelphia, ser.l, vols, 1-17, 55. The following is a project outline written for The FESTIV/US by Mike Moore, the San Diego Shell Club's 1979 Science Fair winner. Mike, an 11th grader, ably presented a summary, of his project at the June meeting and chose Barnes' "Invertebrate Zoology" as his Club award, BY5SUS FIBER DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE TO UJAWE SHOCK MIKE MOORE This study was conducted to determine the manner in which Mytilus edulis was adapting to radically different surf conditions. In his paper, "The Effect of lilave Impact on Some Aspects of the Biology of Sea Mussels," Dr, Harger noted that more force was needed to pull a M, edulis off a rock in exposed shoreline than to pull the same species off a rock in sheltered bay waters. However, he did not qualify whether or not M, edulis was producing more and/or stronger byssus fibers, Byssus fibers are the means by uh ich mussels attach themselves to a substrate. The byssus fibers are secreted by the byssus gland (at the base of the foot) and are hardened by a chemical reaction with salt water. In an attempt to determine the nature of the differences in force needed to remove M, edulis , I designed two experiments. The first was a combined density study and count of the number of M, edulis per 30 cm x 30 cm sample and the number of fibers per animal. Samples were taken from the Ingraham St, bridge (Mission Bay) and Tabletops Tidepool (Solana Beach), My second experiment was a tensile strength test to determine the breaking strength of individual fibers. Mussels were collected from the same locations as described above. Results were calculated from the raw data obtained from the testing apparatus. This consisted of a lab- stand to which one of the ends of the fiber was attached; the other end clipped to a small container into which water was pipetted. It can safely be concluded that Mytilus edulis does respond directly to wave shock because: 1, Surf mussels produced 56% more fibers than bay mussels. 2, Surf mussel fibers are 28% stronger than bay mussels;- 3, Colony strategy differs — surf mussels form very dense closely packed colonies to control sway (260 mussels over 2 cm in length per 30 cm square). Bay mussels form very loose colonies to allow movement to escape rising silt ( 94 mussels over 2 cm in length per 30 cm square). Ames, Cliff Highway 112-5 Eagle Rock, Star Route Cassville, Mo. 65625 CHANGES OF ADDRESS Leonard, Patricia L. 1073 Aloha Drive Encinitas, Calif. 92024 436-7372 Rosecrans, Jennie . 4600 Lamont St, San Diego, Calif. 92109 NEW MEMBERS Bamford, Wayne & Janet 4250 Mt, Henry Avenue San Diego, Calif, 92117 277-8320 56 THE MI5IDEIMTIFIED BUCCINUM CHARTIUM BARBARA IjJ . MYERS AIMB HAIMS BERTSCH Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park, P.D, Box 139D, San Diego, California 92112 The holotype specimen of Bucclnum chartium Dali, 1919 (United States National Museum catalogue number 226270), was dredged off Honshu Island, Japan, in 260 fathoms, Dali did not illustrate this species in his original description, Dali (1925) figured a specimen bearing the USNM catalogue number 224198,. The photograph was labelled as an illustration of B* chartium and the original chartium locality data were repeated, Dldroyd (1927: pit, 22, fig. 2) reproduced the same figure, again calling it B^. chartium. These illustrations prove not to be Buccinum chartium. Sadao Kosuge (1975) illustrated the holotype (USNM 226270) of B, chartium. Our inspection of the actual holotype (Figs, 1 and 2) confirms Dali's original description and Kosuge's correct figuring of chartium. The two specimens ( the holotype illustrated here USNM 226270 and Dali's figure of USNM 224198) are two different species. Fig. 1, Buccinum chartium Dali, 1919 Fig. 2, Buccinum chartium Dali, 1919 Holotype USNM 226270 Holotype USNM 226270 apertural view. dorsal view. Dr. Rosewater (in litt.) informed us that the specimen figured in Dali (1925: pi. 6, fig, 2) has been lost. This specimen had been 57; collected in the Bering Sea, off the Pribiloff Islands in 688 fathoms (not from off Honshu Island, Japan), The specimen illustrated by Dali carried the urong name for years, Ule suspect that this specimen (USIMM 224198) may actually be the recently described Brevisphonia circumreta Lus, 1973, Additional data on this fasciolarid are given in Bertsch and Myers (in press), We thank Dr, Joseph Roseujater, Curator, Department of Invertebrates, United States National Museum, for his courtesy. LITERATURE CITED Bertsch, H, and B, Myers, in press. Abyssal Specimens of Spinula calcar and Brevisphonia circumreta (Bivalvia and Gastropoda) from the Eastern Pacific, Jap , Jour. Malac, (Venus ) . Dali, W.H. 1919, Descriptions of new species of mollusca from the north Pacific Ocean in the collection of the United States National Museum, Proc, U.S. Nat, Mus, 56(2295); 293-371, Dali, Ld.H, 1925, Illustrations of unfigured types of shells in the collection of the United States National Museum. Proc . U._5. Nat . Mus. 66(2554); 1-41; 36 pits. Kosuge, S.. 1975. Illustrations of type specimens of Molluscs described by William Healey Dali (North Western Pacific gastropods), 29 pits, Lus, U, Ya, 1973, Novaya Fastsiolariida iz nizhney abissali severnoy chasti Tikhogo okeana. Akad. Nauk SSSR T rudi Inst . Dkeanoloqii 91: 203-212; 3 pits. Oldroyd, 1.5. 1927, The marine shells of the west coast of North America, Vol. II, part I. 297 pp, 29 pits. Stanford University Press, California. % 5'' ■( f ■ '. ■■ ^ --•i=>''ui,: i '3 ' -Jf*- ...■> « ’ 4 * 4 : I 1 I i ! ) 4 ;l t-'i' in’? 1-1 ; i ,!:T V- _■■; i SAN BIEIO SSll CIBB \ usa15'= ^OmEOF the brave Saitbs^nian Institution i 1 bn® ny isltlons #9010520201 Washington, D,a. 20560 SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968 MEETS THIRD THURSDAY CASA DEL PRADO BALBOA PARH ROOM 10^» 7:30 P.M. President: Hugh Bradner Uice President: Sandle Seckington Recording Secretary: Jecquie Berzins Corresponding Secretary Karen Hogan Treasurer: UJalter Robertson Editor: Carole M, Hertz ANNUAL DUES: Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc. Single membership |4».00; Family membership S5.00: Overseas surface S^«5Q; Student membership S3.00. CLUB ADDRESS: Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883 Mt. Blackburn ,^Avb. , San Diego, Ca, 92111, Uol. XI August 1979 No , a * * * PROGRAM; Dr, Hans Bertsch^ who has recently returned from a month of % I opisthobranch research in Hauaii, uill give an illustrated I 5 talk on Hawaiian IMudibranchs, * ♦ ♦ * Amy Kimball, the Club's secnd place Bcience Fair Award X * winner, will explain her project to the membership, * * + J Bring in your Cassis and Tonna for display at this meeting, J * * X S.'iUE .THE DATE!! The annual September party will be held on X X Saturday, September 22nd at the V/oso's home. The party X J; will have an Italian theme. Map and details of the party * X will appear in the September issue of The FCSTIWUS, * FROM THE MlfMUTES UF THE JULY MEETING KAREN HUG/AI\1, Secretary The meeting was brought to order at 7:45 by President Hugh Bradner, The speaker for the evening, Billee Mabry, once again had us looking for our traveling shoes with her presentation on her recent Thailand trip. Sights of the exotic countryside were shown along with prized shells like Conus benqalensis . During the brief business meeting it was announced that Crawford Cate's, "A Review of the Triviidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda)" Memoir No, 10 is available in the San Diego Natural History Museum, The Club library will purchase this as well as Alison Kay's "Hawaiian Marine Shells: Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii, The meeting was adjourned at 9:3B p.m. GO THE EASTERN PACIFIC SPECIES UF MUREX 5ENSU STRICTD ANTHONY D'ATTILIO & C-\RLJLE M. HERTZ Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park, P.O, Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 It is the purpose of this paper to clarify both the identity and dis- tribution of the 3 species of Murex s.s, found in the eastern Pacific. As the species are here understood, only one occurs over the entire zoo- geographic province* The remaining tuo species have a more restricted range* The known ranges are indicated on the map, fig. A, The collections examined for this study ujere principally those of the San Diego Natural History Museum (5DNHM) and the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History (LACM), In addition, information was sought from vari- ous private collections, Systematics of Murex s.s,, eastern Pacific Family: Muricidae Subfamily: Muricinae Genus: Murex Synonymy and Range: Murex elenensis Dali, 19B9 (=M, plicatus Sowerby, 1834 not M, plicatus Gmeli'n, 1791 ), Range: Gulf of California, south to Peru, Murex recurvirostris Broderip, 1833 (= M, nigrescens Souerby, 1841), Range: Gulf of California from Mazatla'n and La Paz south to Panama* No documented evidence uas found for the occurrence of this species south of Panama in the collections examined. Murex tricoronis Berry, 1960 (= M, f uniculat us Reeve, 1845, not M. f uniculatus DeFrance, 1827 ) , Range: Cedros Islands and southward on the outer coast of Baja California, Gulf of California and south along the mainland to Costa Rica, Discussion: M, elenensis Dali, 1909, fig. This species has a strongly formed shell. The rugged characters are present both in the axial and spiral elements; the shell possesses 2 to 3 intervarical costae; the spines are strong and thick, those on the body shorter than those on the canal where they number 3 to 5, and are of impressive length. The receding side of each varix is moderately depressed. Color is of considerable value; the shell has an un- derlying flesh color over which are found 3 brown to purplish brown bands which are distributed on the body whorl, the cen- tral one indistinct except from within the aperture. There are 6 weakly colored primary cords on the body, yellow in color and decidedly lighter than the dark spiral bands. Frequently the aperture is tinged with lavender. Approximate maxi- mum length is 90 mm. Distribution from Punta Penasco, Sonora, Mexico at the fig. 1, Murex elenensis Dali, 1909 BDNHM Collection No. 23141 61 upper Gulf of Gaiifornia to Peru (Dali, 1909), Uithin the Gulf, it is of common occurrence intertidally and is dredged by commercial fishing vessels in moderate depths. There is no reliable evidence that this species occurs on the western coast of Baja California, Murex recurvirostris Broderip, 1833, fig, 3, There is little documented evidence that this species enters the Gulf of California beyond Mazatlan and La Paz, Mexico, In the LACM there are a few specimens collected at Topolobampo Bay within the Gulf by Dr, McLean, These specimens are poorly developed and we assign them to M, recurvirostris with some guestion due to their lack of clear cut characters. The species attains an approximate maximum length of 50 mm, and is the smallest and probably least abundant of the three species in the Panamic province. The shell is the most darkly colored, tendin towards brown. There are 3 darker brown bands on the body, the periphery of the spiral cords are faintly colored Murex tricoronis Berry, 1960, fig, 2, This species reaches a length of approximately 70 mm. It may be dis- tinguished from M. elenensis by the fallowing characters; the shell is lighter, less rugged in overall appearance; the axial costae are re- duced most often to two, the spines are weaker and shorter, more sharply pointed and sometimes reduced to mere points numbering 3 to 4 on the body; on the canal the spines are usually very short or reduced to points. Loloring is generally pale flesh with, at times, an overall flush of rust color; the 3 pale brown bands are barely discernible and the color of the body extends over the spiral sculpture. At the periphery the cords are distinctly colored with a reddish line, Uhen the brown bands are strong enough to show well, the shoulder band on the dorsal side is intensified to a dark brown blotch. The receding side of the varices is weakly or not at all depressed. Specimens from Scammons Lagoon have, at times, a more inflated body whorl and poorly developed spines but as a whole the species shows little variation over its range fig. 2, Murex tricoronis Berry, I960 SDIMHM Collection No, 45807 fig, 3, Murex recurvirostris Broderip, 1833. SDNHM Collection No, 51685 6^ rust and the cords are lighter in color than the surrounding surface. All the spines are much reduced, more often appearing as spurs, a prominent one at the shoulder and one on the posterior portion of the canal. The receding side of each varix is more deeply excavated than in the other two species, Within the outer lip there are well developed denticles^ and weak lirae are found Cin the columella anteriorly. Figures 4 , 5 and 6 refer to specimens in the British Museum (Matural History). Types were not selected by the original authors. Apparently, according to the information on the labels of figs. 4 & 5, Axel Olsson was to h ;ve selected lectotypes. l^le have no information that this selection has been published. fig, 4, Murex plicatus Sowerby, 1834 ' !> i I L«,r>sr«v.l G coSUv fig. 5. Murex recurvirostris Broderip, 1832 fig. 6. Murex recurvirostris Broderip. Much collecting has been done throughout the Panamic province. How- ever, the more southerly portions of Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Costa Rica are much less well known malacologically , The same may be said for the coasts of Colombia and Ecuador. Distributional patterns will, no doubt, need revision as these areas are more extensively studied. 63. Literature Citations As the fauna has been extensively covered by Keen, A, Myra, 1971, Sea Shells of Tropical West America, Second Eition. 1064 pp, (pp, 517- 516, figs. 975-978), the reader is referred to that work for the very numerous citations of works dealing with this province. Acknowledgements iiJe are indebted to tne following for various reasons and for much of the data used: Dr, James McLean, LACM; Joyce Gemmell, Jules Hertz, and Barbara W. Myers, associates at the SDI\JHM; Margaret Mulliner of San Diego, Bill and Rita Scheck of San Diego; and Carol Skoglund of Phoenix, Arizona. Barbara W, Myers kindly did the photography. The photographs of the originals of the British Museum specimens were furnished by Dr, Emily H, Wokes of Tulane University, New Orleans, La, MINUTE SHELLS BITTIUM LARUM BARTSCH, 1911 JULES HERTZ Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park P.U, Box 139U, San Diego, California 92112 The Bitt ium featured this month is again from the eastern Pacific. It was named and figured by Bartsch (1911). The specimen of Bitt ium larum Bartsch, 1911 shown in Figure 1 was obtained from a lot collected in the early 1900's off Catalina Island, California, The species is elongate- conic in shape and light brown in color, Bartsch described the post-nuclear whorls as appressed at the summit and decidedly overhanging. The early post-nuclear whorls have four equal and equally spaced spiral cords. Later whorls have inter- calated spiral cords between all the primary cords. The whorls are marked by axial ribs. The intersection of these and the cords form elongate tubercles. The long axes of the tubercles coincide with the spiral sculpture, and the spaces between spirals appear as broad, strongly incised lines on the later whorls. Literature Cited Bartsch, Paul, 1911, The Recent and fossil mollusks of the genus Blttium from the west coast of America, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus., Uol. 40 (ia26):3B3- 414, pis. 51-58. (May 12), Figure 1, Bitt ium larum Bartsch, Length: 11 mm; Width: 3,5 mm 19] Correction : The MINUTE SHELLS column of The FESTIVUS, May 1979 incorrectly reported the locality data for the figured T urbonilla tridentata specimens. The specimen on the left was from a lot collected many years ago by H.N. Lowe at Mission Beach, San Diego (SDNHM #18250), The specimen on the right was collected intertidally as a beach specimen at Tourmaline Canyon, Pacific Beach, San Diego on Sept, 2, 1970, Tl^e locality data for the center specimen, T urbonilla catalinensis, was correctly reported* AIM HI:jTuRICA,L HEWIEbJ LJF THE EYSTEiHAT ICS LiE Up!BITEET::.LLA DIEGEfMSIE (BAtHTSCH, 1907) BAHBAHA uJ . MYERS Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Hark, f^.U. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 Orb itestella dieqensis (Bartsch, 1907) is a minute (nioximum size 1.0 mm), disc-shaped gastropod named for its tvpe locality, San Diego, California. The intricate sculpture, uhich can only be seen under a microscope, is detailed in the drawing by Anthony D'Attilio. (Fig. 1). Bartsch originally placed this species in the oenus Cyclost rema Marryatt, 1610, and the family V/itrinellidoe. McLean (1969) changed the genus to Witrinorbis Hilsbry and Olsson, 1952. Recently McLean (1970) reassigned this species to Orbitestella Iredale, 1917, and to the family Orbitestellidae. H review of the literature reveals contradictions in the placement of these genera and families within the Orders Archeoqastropoda and Mesogastropoda . In Table 1, we see that according to Dali, Thiele, itenz and Moore the genus Cyclostrema is in the Order Archeogastropoda , However, the family V/itrinellidae is almost unanimously assigned to the Mesogastropoda. The exception is Dali whose superfamily is in the Archeogastropoda. Changing this species (dieqensis ) to the genus l/itrinorbis in the family V/itrinellidae seemed to establish it as a Mesogast ropod . Table 2, shows the genus Orbitestella and the family Orbitestellidae assigned to both the /Vrcheogastropoda and the Mesogastropoda. Thus by changing this species (dieqensis ) to the genus Orbitestella and the family Orbitestellidae, its status as a Mesogastropod is again controversial. [\lo additional clarification of the problem has resulted from the recent systematic treatment of Golikov and Starobogatov (1975), Pig, 1, Orbitestella dieqensia (Bartsch, 1907), CDIMMH Catalog #73060, Drawing by Anthony D'Attilio, 5DX. Published with permission of San Diego Society of Natural History (Environment Southwest), Specimen collected by J.D, Myers, June 1979, 65 ft off Pt , Loma, Ca, TABLt 1: Classification of the families Cyclost remat idae and V/itrinellidae uithin the Orders Archeogastropoda and Mesogastropoda . 65. tn cn cn G •H •rH •rH •H cn tn cn • • • • • tn 'P G UJ c c cn cn cn tn cn cn c cn 3 • • • • C 1 QJ CD • • • • • • CD p p tn tn cn G G CJ cn cai c c c c c c 3 CD 3 • • • • 3 LiJ QJ CD CD 3 ij.J c u u C G □- •H •rH • rH P 3 • rH LO 3 3 3 3 cn 3 CD P ra ro ro ra ro ro ro ro ro cn 1 — 1 1 — 1 P p E E E E E •H C 1 — 1 p 1 — 1 p Q] CD CD CD CD 3 • rH CD CD CD G fH fH p • P • P • P 3 -n P P P • P 3 -p -P p cn P cn P to □ P 3 cn tn cn G G 3 cn cn cn • cn • cn • C •rH m ro CD • G LU □ a a c a c □ c •H 3 3 p p p C P ca I — ! rH iH r— 1 p P 3 •rH •H •H •rH U u U u G P ro 3 3 3 3 > >• > >- •rH 1 — 1 P P P P u u u 3 3 rs 1 — 1 3 3 3 3 CD P CD CD / V CD cn ro CD Cu CD ro CD G G G 3 ro 3 ro 3 P CD ro ra QJ CD • pH 3 • rH 3 •rH CD CD •H CD 3 3 3 ro ro p •H p •H p ra m 3 ra G •H • H •rH 3 3 ro rH ra rH ro 3 3 P 3 ro * — 1 iH r— H >- •H •H E CD 1 — ! 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ACKfMDULEDGEMEIMTS My sincere thanks to Anthony D'Attilio for allouing me to use his drawings and for his stimulating discussions regarding the literature; Dr. Hans Bertsch for his helpful suggestions and critical review of the manuscript; and my husband, J. D. Myers, for collecting the specimen of Orbitestella diegensis (Bartsch, 19B7), LITERATURE CITED Bartsch, Paul. 1907. IMew mollusks of the family V/itrinellidae from the west coast of America. Proc. U.S. IMat . Mus . 32(1520): 167-176. 11 figs. Bertsch, H. 1979. The Mission Bay worm and the San Diego scallop. Environment Southwest TABS: 16-19. 6 figs. (Summer). Dali, Ld. H. 1921. Summary of marine shellbearing mollusks of the north- west coast of America... Bull. U.S. l\Jat . Mus . 112. 217 pp. 22 pis. Golikov, A.[\l. and Starobogatov , Y. I. 1975. Systematics of Prosobranch Gastropods. Malacologia 15(1): 185-232. 5 figs. Iredale, T. 1917. Mollusca IMame Changes. Proc. Malac. Soc . 12: 327-328. McLean, 0. H. 1969. Marine shells of southern California. Los Angeles County Mus . (Mat . Hist . Science Ser. 24, Zoology #11: 1G4 pp. 54 figs. McLean, J. H. 1978. Marine shells of southern California. Los Angeles County Mus . Nat . Hist . Science Ser. 24, Revised Edition. 104 pp. 54 figs. Moore, R. C. 1960. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part 1. Mollusca. (J. Brookes, Knight et. al.) 351 pp. 216 figs. (Mollusca, General features; Scaphoooda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora , Archeogastropoda ) . Pilsbry, H. and Glsson, A. 1952. Uitrinellidae and similar gastropods of the Panamic Province. Pt. II. Acad. Nat . Sci . Philadelphia . 1G4: 35-88, pis. 2-13. Taylor, D. 111. and Sohl, N.F. 1962. An outline of gastropod classification. Malacologia 1(1): 7-32, 1 fig, Thiele, J. 1929. Handbuch der Systematischen Ueichtierkunde. Jena: Gustav Fisher. Bd. 1, Teil 1: 376 pp. 470 figs, lilenz, ill, 1938-44. Gastropoda Allgemeiner Teil and Prosobranchia . In U, H, Schindewolf ed. Handbuch der Paloozoologie . 948 pp. FOOD PREFERENCES OF 5CDRPAENICHTHY5 MARMDRATUS DAUID J. MYERS 3761 Mt, Augustus Ave,, San Diego, Ca, 92111 As a summer mini project, I have been examining the stomach contents of the fish I catch while scuba diving at the Pt, Loma kelp beds. On at least five separate occasions, I have been able to examine Scorpaenichthys marmoratus (cabezon), Pimelometopon pulchrum (sheephead) and Paralabrax clathratus (kelp bass). The stomachs of both the kelp bass and sheephead contained the usual and expected small fish. From the cabezon, a member of the family Cottidae, I have removed Pugettla producta (Randall, 1839), Paraxanthlas taylori (Stimpson, 1B60!), Cancer sp.. Octopus sp., Norrisia norrlsl (Sowerby, 1838), Haliotls sp, (foot only) and a in, Haliotls assimills Dali, 1878, with the shell intact and attached, Cabezon, con- sidered a gourmet food, is himself a gourmet, feasting on the best at hand in his environment. 67 CULLECTI(\JG IIV GAIMTm CRUZ, C '.LIFflRUI-l (TU,RUIU;\ UAFFEA, mUTRAFA GIB8ERURA, UGEURBR'; IFFIRIM .TA) GULES HERTZ Department of Marine Invertebr'^tes , IMatural History Museum, Balboa Bark, P.U. Box 139U, San Dieqo, Ualifornia 92112 Un December 14, 1978, Carole and I uere able to collect one ifternoon in Santa Cruz, lialifornia. Ue collected at low tide at lonta Cruz Point in ankle deep uater among l^rge rocks covered I'jith long strands of slip- pery kelp» In less than an hour, we collected tuio species intertidally that are only found in deep uater off San Diego, The first, a fully mature and live T urcica caff ea Gabb, 1B65 uas found in ttie mid-tide zone, several feet above the uater on a large algae-CDvered boulder. Bishop and Bishop (1973) in their census of marine prosobranch gastropods at San Diego only report this species from off shore, I have found dead specimens of T_, oaf f ea in the Flood Control Channel, San Diego apparently uashed in from deeper uater, ''Ithough not common, this species has been previously reported intertidally uashed in on kelp (Abbott, 1974), The second unusual find for us uas ^^straea oibberosa (Pilluyn, 1817), Although this specimen uas juvenile (approx. 1-in, diameter by 1-in, high), it uas live collected. Again, Bishop cond Bishop(1973) only record this species from deep uater in the San Diego area. The most interesting find uas a Juvenile Ucenebra uhich ijie h-id never before collected. It is pictured in Figs, la and lb. Since ue i:jere collecting in a neu area, I searched several days before stumbling on the Fig, la. Apertural vieu ^iQ« IB • Dorsal vieu Ucenebra inornata (Recluz, 1851) Juvenile specimen; length: 9.7mm, uidthr 5,5mm 68 identity* After identifying the juvenile, I found to my surprise thst ojb had 0 pair of adult specimens in our oun collection. The species is identified as Gcenebra inornata (Recluz, 1651) and a synonym, Dcenebra Japonica Dunker, I860, has been used extensively in the past. Figures 2a and 2b belou show an adult Ocenebra inornata collected in February 1971 by Col,. George Hanselman in an oyster bed in Olympia, liJashington, The similarities of juvenile and adult specimens of 0. inornata are readily apparent once they are compared side by side. The most tell-tale feature is the rectangular pattern formed by the spirgj. sculpture of uneven lou cords intersecting axial varices or axial riblike swellings. This species was introduced from Japan prior to 1929, Photographs were taken by David H, Mulliner, FE-TR/US staff photographer. Fig. 2a Apertural view j^ig. 2b, Dorsal view Dcenebra inornata (Recluz, 1851) Adult specimen; length: 38mm, width: 29mm Literature cited Abbott, H. Tucker. 1974, American Deashells, .Second Edition, Van Dost rand Reinhold Co, 663 pp, (p. 52), Dishop, M.J. and S.J. Bishop. 1973. A census of marine prosobranch nastropods of San Diego, California, The Veliqor, \/ol. 16(2);143- 152. (Oct. 1), SAN OIEGO SNEll CLUB % G. HERTZ 3883 m. BLAEK80RN AC m OiEGO. GA. 9^ QL iO! FHt^B Ihll. THE / IWILUAW / SFXTIONAL Lte'^AK': SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968 MEETS THIRD THURSDAY CASA DEL PRADO BALBOA PARK ROOM 104 7:30 P.M. President: Hugh Bradner UicB President: Sandie Seckington Recording Secretary: Jscquie Berzins Corresponding Secretary :... Karen HCigan Treasurer: UJalter Robertson Editor: .....Carole M. Hertz ANNUAL DUES: Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc. Single membership $4,00; Family membership $5.00: Overseas surface $4,50; Student membership $3,00, CLUB ADDRESS: Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc,, c/o 3863 Mt, Blackburn ,„Av0. , San Diego, Ca. 92111, Uol. XI September 1979 No. 9 COME TU THE FESTA!!! Our annual September party will have an Italian* theme and will be held on Saturday evening, September 22, 1979 atj the home of Helen and Ed V/oso. The party begins at 6:00 P.M. * See map on last page of this issue for details and directions. J PROM THE MINUTES OF THE AUGUST 16 MEETING SHERRY D. SCHULER The meeting was brought to order at 7:45 P.M. by Treasurer Ualter Robertson because President Hugh Bradner was in Russia, The first speaker of the evening was Amy Kimball, Amy won a Club award in tbe Greater San Diego Science Fair and she spoke to the membership about her project on the homing instinct in limpets. Dr, Hans Bertsch presented her with the book, "COMMON INTERTIDAL INWERTEBRATES OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA" by Richard K, Allen, as the Club's award to her. Our main speaker for the evening was Hans Bertsch who geve a very interesting presentation on the different types of life that are found underwater in Hawaii, He talked especially about the nudibranchs that are found there and the research that he has been doing on them. His photography was beautiful. During the brief business meeting Carole Hertz announced that The FESTIUUS needs articles. Help is needed with the September party. The signup sheet for the party was passed around for the dishes to be served at tbe party. Rose D'Attilio and Margenette Yeend were thanked for the refreshments and the meeting was adjourned at 9:30 P.M. 70 MINUTE SHELLS BITTIUM E5CHRIGHTII AND BITTIUM E5CHRICHTII MDNTEREYENSE JULES HERTZ Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park Box 1390, San Diego, California 92111 A common species of Bittium from the eastern Pacific is Bittium eschrichtii (Middendorf f , 1849), This speciea uas first described and named by Gould (1849) as Cerithium f ilosum. However, the name was preoccupied, having been used for another species by Philippi (1849), Middendorff named it T urritella eschrichtii in the same year and described it in Latin and German. Carpenter (1864) first recognized this species as a Bittium, In his treatment of the genus Bittium from the west coast of America, Bartsch (1911) described and figured a specimen of B, eschrichtii (Cat, No, 122558, U.S.N.M.), The range of Recent B^. eschrichtii is from Sitka, Alaska to Cape Foulweather, Oregon, Fossil specimens have been taken from Fossil Rock, Coos Bay, Oregon; upper Wildcat formation, Humboldt County; Merced-Purisima south of San Francisco; lower and upper San Pedro series at Deadman Island and San Pedro; Crawfish George's, Los Angeles County; and Santa Barbara, Copies of the Middendorff and Bartsch descrip- tions are reprinted in Oldroyd (1927), Fossil records are detailed in Grant and Gale (1931). Bartsch described the shell he figured as "broadly elongate-conic, varying in color from white to chestnut brown. The nucleus consists of a single, smooth, white whorl, well rounded. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, marked by four strong, somewhat flattened spiral keels between the sutures, which are separated by deep, strong, spiral grooves about two-thirds as wide as the keels. In addition to this spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by numerous fine spiral striations and fine lines of growth. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a sulcus as wide as the sulci between the keels on the spire," Bartsch (1907) named a southern race Bittium eschrichtii montereyense and in 1911 he repeated the description and figured a specimen. He reported specimens from Crescent City, California to Cape St, Lucas, Lower California and fossil specimens from Deadman Island, California (Lower San Pedro series). The southern race differs from the typical form according to Bartsch by "being less strongly spirally keeled, much more smooth, more slender, and in every way more elegant," In Bittium eschrichtii montereyense the variegated forms predominate. The specimen figured here was collected by the Hertz family intertidally at Cayucos, California on December 21, 1969 at a -1,0 foot tide. The photograph of the shell B. appears at a lOx magnification and was taken by David H, Mulliner, FESTIV/US staff eschrichtii montereyenae Bartsch, 19D7 Length: 10,0 mm. Width: 3,6 mm Table L, SPECIMENS EXAMINED 71 E E 0) o in cn m m m J- CD N «h iH iH tH iH r— ! rH rH fH rH •H Q] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 ! to CJ1 CM CM CO CO CM CO •4- -4 cn CO c rH iH •H rH ro cc i ! rH I •J' t(- (0 □ c: CD E cu •1*1 a •J- U3 CO cn pH JD U rH CO IX) CM cn rH pH rH UD iH E CU o d CO un j- cn CO cn c p-t O CJI p rH CJi cr. (-1 cn c p 0) cu P c c □ •H □ D u c •iH 0) □ o □ -p 1 — 1 u U CD CD x: 3 u ■ — i cu •p u JC x» □. □ p p cu f CE to a u u E CO CO o rH t CO CU c rH • CD • • • • X • » • □ D U 2: cr CL 2; S:’ 21 2; o U • • • • • • « • c • UJ u_ ca: LJ UJ UJ X X CC cr to HH to CO C “H «H CU D c c p 9b 9 cn fH fH p T3 tn cu □ a QJ C E f-i P p CD CD > c 3 P a UJ P 'iH p •rH CD CD c □ tn I — 1 ( — 1 c c •iH •rH P ct cn CD 9k 2 CD CD fH fH c c •H CD CD m c UJ U X o □ fH fH I — 1 •> p 1 □ >- p P o o CD to P CD cu a p 'X ID Ok » p •H p p U CD c CD CJI P cn p X >• CU rH rH •H •H Q P •H pH D p' c CD D p > CD CD p rH -i c: □ CC X •H CU P •iH D CJ CD CD CD CL c X 3 2 u fn U U * □ tn P □ X Ck «• C cn p CD 3 21 p >< >• •• Ok o p cn 3 a c U cu CU tn tn p CD c tj- p cu •H fH fH Q □ rn T3 tn p «b p u P CU cu u u P CD X CD cu P tn P p p □ 3 X > u cn cn CD. X cu U c c >> u CD ^ CD p CD tJ fn CD □ □ CD CD 1— 1 O a 3 a CD p u X 2: 2; CD U cr X X X u u CO tn UJ UJ •7- m 21 X 2; a ct X p X 2 c^ cn CM p cD CM p X m p in CD X P CO cn c^ m P O p Q P ID o o O c^ P o t> l> ID CD C^ p Uj O cn CO m O m p m m m cn rn X CD P rH m in -J- in m in m tn p in HJ- 5380 Cayucos, '-'alifornia M,E, Caruthers 6 11-16 72 photographer^ A comparison of B, eschrichtii and B, eschrichtil montereyense was pictured by Bartsch (1911), The question of the validity of the subspecies invariably arises and would require study of large quantities of specimens covering the full range from Baja California to Sitka, Alaska, All of the specimen lots in the San Diego Natural History Museum (SDIMHM) have been reviewed and details are summarized in Table !• In examining these shells as well as a few in my own collection, I find the same general differences that Bartsch noted when he named the '•southern race" B, eschrichtii montereyense. However, within the various lots of B_, eschrichtii . I found slender and "elegant" specimens. Likewise, in the lots of B, eschrichtii montereyense I found some relatively broad specimens. Therefore, the slenderness ratio (length/ width) is not a positive identification feature. The specimens from the north (^, eschrichtii ) were on the average larger, coarser in sculoture, had rounder spiral keels, and broader spacing between keels. Again, these distinctions were not always consistent. The shells from Davidson Point, Annette Island, Alaska were more slender and had smoother spiral keels, so that they approached in appearance the "southern race," The final decision on the v=^lidity of the subspecies is dependent on the active searching of the southern coast of Dreoon. This would determine if there is any geographical isolation. In addition, field collecting is warranted along the full coast from Baja California to Alaska to determine if there is a correlation of shell f'^^atures with local conditions, such as wave action, water temperature, and substrate. My feeling at this time is that B, eschrichtii montereyense is invalid. Literature Cited Bartsch, P, 19U7, Proc, U.S.iM.M., Uol, 33: 178. (Bet, 23), Bartsch, P, 1911, Proc, U .B .N ,M . , Uol, 40: 387-389. pi 53, fin, 485, (May 12), Carpenter, P, P. 18G4. Rep, Brit, Assoc, Adv, Bci. for 1863, p, 655. Gould, A, A, 1349, Proc, Boston Boc, (\l. H,, Wol, 3: 120 (May), Grant, U.S, IV/ 8 H.R. Gale, 1931, Catalogue of the marine Pliocene and Pleistocene Mollusca of California, V/ol, 1: 761. pi. 24, fiq. 9. (Nov, 3). Middendnrff, A, Th.von, 1849, Beitrage zi einer Mslacoloqia Rossica, Wol, 2: 68. pi, 11, fiq. 1. (August). Uldroyd,. I.S. 1927, The marine shells of the Best Boost of North America. V/oi. 2 (3): 18-19. pi. 79, fig, 485, (June 15), Philippi, R.A, 1649. Zeitschr. f. Malakozool. for 1848. p, 143. (March), 73 SQLEMYIDAE: CLARIFICATION OF TWO SPECIES IN THE SUBGENUS PETRASMA JOYCE GEMMELL, BARBARA lil, MYERS, CAROLE M. HERTZ Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park P.O, Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 Bivalvia Solemyidae Hi, & A,. Adams Solemya Cf^trasma) panamensis Dali, 1908 Solemya (Petrasma) valvulus Carpenter, 1064 Introduction : The Solemyidae are primitive bivalves of the lowest order of the bivalvia called Protobranchia , Though consisting of few species, they have a wide geographical range, being found off both our American coasts. West Africa, the Mediterranean, Australia and New Zealand, Several species occur intertidally or the shallow subtidal, but most are dredged from deep water* Much confusion exists concerning both the morphology and life habits of members of this family. The Solemyidae differ from most other bivalves in that the longest portion of the shell is the anterior end (from the beaks forward) rather than the posterior end. The cylindrical shell is flexible and consists mainly of a varnish-like, amber to brown periostracum which extends beyond the margins of the fragile calcareous valves. The periostracum has ribs radiating from the beaks and extending to the ventral margin, (Fig, 1), The thick and thin portions of the ribbing allow greater flexibility and pleating of the perios- tracum as it is folded into the mantle chamber, (Fig, 2), This ability to fold the periostracum into the mantle chamber is necessary to compress and forcibly eject water through the posterior opening propelling the mollusk through the water in a series of darts that re- mind one of a squid. Drew (1900) described this method of swimming for Solemya velum Say, 1822. Owen (1961) observed 5, parkinsoni Smith, 1874, swimming in this manner. The foot in the Solemyidae is long and tubular and adapted to digging. The very tip of the foot is cleft and can flatten out to form a disk which acts as an anchor in its burrow, (Fig, 3), Although Morse (1913) contended S. velum Say, 1822 burrowed Fig, 4: Solemya (Petrasma) panamensis Dali, 1908 'A SDIMHM Collection l\lo. 5484 Ex, Fred Baker Collection Location: Scammons Lagoon, B.C., Mexico Size: approx. 15 mm. B=Beak C=Chondrophore Fig. 5: L^Ligament Pa= Posterior adductor scar P=Prop A=MntBrior Solemya (Petrasma ) valvulus Carpenter, 1864 SDIMHM Collection f\lo. 5484a Ex. Fred Baker Collection Location: Scammons Lagoon, B.C., Mexico Size: approx 14 mm. 75 Ljith the posterior end dounuiard, observations by both Yonge (1939) and Owen (1961) found Solemya always burrowed with the anterior end downward. Drew (1900) concluded Solemya velum Say, 1822 lives in hard mud and keeps its burrow open, but Yonge (1939) and Owen (1961) in their obser- vations, found no indication of an opening to the surface. Solemyidae are deposit feeders. The mollusk situated in its burrow anterior end downward, takes water and bottom material from beneath the surface of the substrate into the mantle cavity anteriorly and expels it posteriorly. In less primitive bivalves the water current is both drawn in and expelled posteriorly through tubular inhalant and exhalant siphons. Protobranch deposit feeders other than Solemya , for example IMuculidae and IMuculanidae have an enlarged stomach to accommodate the high quantity of inorganic material which passes through. In Solemyidae the size of the stomach is reduced, Yonge (1939) suggests Solemyidae have adapted their gills as food sorters which reject large masses of material. Only certain particles are selected and conveyed to the mouth. Thus very little par- ticulate material enters the stomach, Owen (1961) in observations of gut contents of 5,. parkinsoni Smith, 1874, supports this conclusion. He sug- gests, however, the possibility of partial digestion in the mantle cavity leaving only the product of this digestive process to enter the stomach. Genus Solemya Lamarck, 1818 Subgenus Petrasma Dali, 1908 Dali (1908) reviewed the family Solemyidae, formerly Solenomyacidae. This resulted in a detailed report of hinge types for the Solemya s,s,, Petrasma, and Acharax. Subgeneric differences are based upon the place- ment of the ligament; whether it is internal or external, behind the beaks (opisthodet ic ) , or on both sides of the beaks (amphidetic ) , In the subgenus Petrasma , the ligament is opisthodetic and there is no internal exposure of the ligament in front of the chondrophore. In this paper we will discuss the two species ‘in the subgenus Petrasma from the Panamic province; Solemya (Petrasma ) panamensis Dali, 1908 and (R) valvulus Carpenter, 1864, Dali (1908) in his key describing _S, (P.) panamensis states, "Chondrophore with an anterior prop extended as a small rib in front of the adductor scar, no posterior prop." Anterior in this case means anterior to the posterior adductor scar, (^'ig, 4). Keen (1971) describing S, (£.) panamensis states ",. .there is a small posterior prop supporting the internal ligament." This would seem in direct opposition to Dali's description,. Her use of the word "posterior" here is confusing, Dali (1908) in his original description states, the chondrophore strong, projecting obliquely backward into the cavity, its front margin prolonged as a narrow elevated rib very obliquely backward in front of the posterior adductor scar;..,." He continues in his discussion, to contrast S, (P.) panamensis with S. (P.) valvulus Carpenter, 1864 by saying, ”S, valvulus Carpenter is a much smaller species and has no anterior prop to the chondrophore." In examining specimens of S. (P.) panamensis in the San Diego IMatural History Museum collection, we confirmed that the prop supporting the chondrophore is anterior to the posterior adductor scar and that there is no prop posterior to this adductor scar. The original Latin description of S. (P.) valvulus Carpenter, 1864 gives little detailed information about the hinge. T^^erB is no mention of a prop, Dali (1908) in his key describing S. (P.) valvulus states, "Chondrophore without props," In examining specimens of 5. (P.) valvulus in the San Diego Natural History Museum collection we found that there is no anterior or posterior prop supporting the chondrophore. 73 Acknowledgements tile would like to acknowledge the encouragement of Anthony D'Attilio of the San Diego Natural History Museum who read this paper. Literature Cited Carpenter, P.P. 1864. New forms of mollusks collected at Cape San Lucas. Ann,/& Msg. Nat. Hist. Ser. 3. V/ol. 13: 311-312. Dali. W.H, 1906(a). A Revision of the Solenomyacidae. The Nautilus. \7ol. 22 (1): 1 & 2. Dali W.H. 1908(b). Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast *of Central America.... Bull. Mus. Comp, Zool, 43(6): 205-487. 22pls, Drew, G.A, 1900. Locomotion in Solenomya and its relatives. Anat. Anz. Uol. 17: 257-266, Keen, A.M, 1971, Sea Shells of Tropical West America, Second Edition. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, Calif.., 1,064 pp, 22 pis. Morse, E.S, 1913, Observations on living Solenomya. Biol. Bull,, Vol. 25: 261-281, Owen, G, 1961, Habits and Nutrition of Solemya parkinsoni (Protobranchia : Bivalvia), Quarterly Jour, of Microscopic Sci. Wol. 102: 15-21. Yonge, C,M, 1939, The protobranchiate Molluscs; a functional interpretation of their structure and evolution, Phil. Trans. Ser, B, V/ol, 230: NEW PUBLICATION CLIFTON L. MARTIN 324 Kennedy Lane Oceanside, California 92054 A REV/IEW OF THE TRIV/IIDAE (Molluscs: Gastropoda), by Crawford Neill Cate, Memoir 10, San Diego Society of Natural History, June 20, 1979, 126 pp,, including bibliography and index, 41 pis., 177 figs. Cost $15. plus tax. This long-awaited work has finally been published and together with his previous publication, A SYSTEMATIC REV/ISIDN OF THE RECENT CYPRAETD FAMILY OV/ULIDAE (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA), published as a supplement to THE V/ELIGER, vol. 15, 1973, completes Mr. Cate's coverage of the allied Cypraea. Since this present work is the first comprehensive coverage of the Triviidae since the publication of Joyce Allan's COWRY SHELLS OF WORLD SETS, 1956, many new names are to be expected. More than 40 new species and sub- species are described in this work, Synonomies, with bibliographical refer- ences,. are given with each species listed. The hundreds of excellent photographs are the work of Bertram C. Draper and type specimens have been used as models in all instances where the type's locality is known. This important new publication is recommended to all who work with, or have an interest in, this family of mollusks. 1 ‘2 -2P ■/ ■■ Smithsonian Institution’ Library-Acquisitions #90105Z0201 Washington, D.O. 2056O ********** ********* - FESTITUS SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968 MEETS THIRD THURSDAY CASA DEL PRADQ BALBOA PARK ROOM lOU 7:30 P.M. President: Hugh Bradner UicB President: .Sandie Seckington Recording Secretary: Jecquie Berzins Corresponding Secretary Karen Hflgan Treasurer: Ulalter Robertson Editor: Carole M. Hertz ANNUAL DUES: Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc. Single membership |4,00; Family membership 85,00: Overseas surface 8A.5Q; Student membership $3,00, CLUB ADDRESS: Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc,, c/o 3883 Mt, Blackburn „Ave, , San Diego^ Ca. 92111, Uol, XI October 1979 l\lo, ID ♦ * PROGRAM: DRY SHELLING is the title of the illustrated talk to be * given by Hugh Bradner, * Bring interesting shells for exchange. Immediately after I the t'^lk there idill be an opportunity for exchanging of * ' shells, * * There will be corals on sale at this meeting. * CQNTE1MT8 Club (Meus 76 Library Notes 78 Range Extension for Isognomon .janus Carpenter, 1857 (Bivalvia) MYERS, B.U. & A. D'ATTrOID 79 Minute Shells - Bitt ium mexicanum Bartsch, 1911 HERTZ, 0 82 Corrections & Additions to the Catalogue of the Family Coralliophilidae D'ATTILIO, A 83 78 LIBRARY NOTES The falloujing have been received for the Club library from the Loa Angeles County Museum of Natural History,^ CONTRIBUTION IN SCIENCE - LACM(NH) ^100 May 1966 - A neu genus of Fissurellidae and a neu name for a misunderstood species of uest American Diodora by James H, McLean, #109 - October 1966 - A Neu Haliotid from Guadalupe Island, Mexico (Molluscs: Gastropoda) by Robert R, Talmadge. #116 - December 1966 - Recognition of the Cancellariid genus Neadmete Habe, 1961, in the west American fauna, with description of a neu species from the Lomita Marl of Los Angeles County, GaJ ifornia by George P. Kanakoff and James H, McLean. #185 “ April 1970 - Five neu Epitoniid gastropods from the uest coast of the Americas by Helen DuShane. #189 - May 1970 - Reinstatement of the turrid genus Bellaspira Conrad, 1868 (Mollusca: Gastropoda) uith a revieu of the knoun species by James H, McLean and Leroy H, Poorman, #278 - August 1976 - Living ‘-■hamidae of the Eastern Pacific (Bivalvia: Heterodonta) by F.R. Bernard, #307 - March 1979 - A neu Monoplacophoran Limpet from the Continental shelf off southern California by J.H, McLean, BULLETIN OF THE LACM(NH) SCIENCE #9 - January 15, 1971- Hybridization in the Eastern Pacific Abalones (Haliotis ) by Buzz Duen, James H, McLean & Richard J, Meyer #16 - February 20, 1973 - Intertidal Mollusks of Iquique, Chile by Louie Marincovich Jr, □N THE PARTY MARGE BRADNER The ITALIAN FEBTA uas a great success! Uino, lasaqna and delicious desserts satisfied our appetites, Italian tourist phrases and their translation stimulated our minds. Singing around the piano soothed our souls. Many thanks to our genial hosts, Ed and Helen Uoso for their uarm hospitality. NEU MEMBERS Allan, Patricia & Bruce (son), 3215 La Costa Ave., Carlsbad, Ca. 92008 436-7022 Beeler, Irene, 1868 Gainsborough Dr,, Chamblee, Ga. 30341 DuShane, Helen, 15012 El Soneto, Mhittier, Ca, 90605 Marriott, Mabel L., 1304 E Ave, I Space #18, Lnncast-r, Ca, 93534 CH.iNGES [IF ;;DDRESS Minor, Mr, & Mrs, Michael, DMS Box 1597, F.P.O. Seattle, Ua. 98762 DeHahn , Lynn & Ken, 645 Melrose, Chula Wista, Ca , 92010 Fisichella Melba, Phone 583-3696 79 RANGE EXTENSION FDR ISDGNDMDN JANUS CARPENTER 1857 (BIUALUIA) BARBARA lil . MYERS & ANTHONY D'ATTILIO Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park P.0, Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 Ue have identified a specimen of Isoqnomon janus Carpenter, 1857 col- lected in March 1975 from 65 feet of water off Pt, Coma, San Diego, California, This single specimen was found live attached to a red abalone, Haliotis ruf escens Swainson, 1822, It is retained in the Myers collection. Isoqnomon janus is very similar to I_, recoqnitus (Mabile, 1895), but differs by the presence of radiating striae on the valves instead of the concentric lamellae of _I, recoqnitus . _I, recoqnitus has 6 to 12 deep regularly spaced ligamental pits, whereas _I. janus has 7 to 9 at unequal distances (Keen, 1971). Dall(1921) gives the Tange for recoqnitus from the Coronado Islands to Chile, Keen (1971) gives it as northern Baja California, .Mexico to Chile, Keen (1971) gives the range for janus as San Ignacio Lagoon, Bgja California to Oaxaca, Mexico, Reeve (1858) figured a shell similar to 1, janus under the name Perna anamoides giving California as the locality. However, the label presently on the type specimen in the British Museum reads Torres Straits (Aust.) (Keen, 1971), In the Minutes of the Conchological Club of Southern California (1944) there is a note reported by the editor that A.M. Strong suggests that the record of _I, recoqnitus as far north as the Coronado Islands, Mexico, may be actually that of 1, janus . Carpenter's drawings of _I, janus from Tablet 689 of the Reigen col- lection of Mazatlan shells in the British Museum (Brann, 1966), present the exterior of two valves and the interior of r^ne valve. No ligamental pits are visible in the drawing of t he interior of the valve. Carpenter (1857) stated that Tablet 689 contains one pair and two valves, "very young." He explained that the hinge line is narrow without pits when young, Jackson (1890), Trueman (1954) and Yonge (1968) described the early growth stages of this mult ivincular or many-bonded ligament in other species of the genus and observed that it begins with a single pit or resilium. As the shell grows, new cartilage pits originate on the hinge line posteriorly. Keen (1968) figured the in- terior of one valve of _I, janus from Carpenter's Tablet 690 of the Reigen collection. This valve has five ligamental pits and the speci- men measured 47 mm, diagonal length. Carpenter (1857) considered the specimen figured on Tablet 690 "the most characteristic specimen," Figure 1 is a drawing of the ligament of our specimen of _I, janus showing six small irregularly spaced pits and the narrow hinge line. The pit at the anterior end is only visible under magnification. This is the original pit or resi- lium, The smallest pit at the posterior end is the most recent, F -L y . X, I Lyoniciiu Lj 1 j-ji-jyi miiu-ii i , | r.j i ii-i Carpenter, 1857. Leg: J.D. Myers Pt, Loma, San Diego, Ca, 65 ft., March 1975 ini I 1 nampn+. nf Tpnnnnmnn "iPiniie Fig, 2. Exterior of left valve of _I. .janus Carp,, 1857 Size: 27 mm x 23 mm Leg: John D. Myers Location: Off Pt. Loma, San Diego, Ca, in 65 ft. March 1975 81 Figure 2 is a drawing of the exterior of the left v/alve of our specimen showing faintly nodulose radiating striae, (The left valve is the valve in your left hand when the beaks point away from you),. Nodes ara visible near the beak. These were the bases of the imbricating spines (since eroded) present in the early growth stage as mentioned by Carpenter (1857). The shell is composed of two different layers of material, the inner layer nacreous and durable, the outer layer thin and perishable. The valves lack concentric lamellae, but show lines where part of the outer shell layer has flaked off. The prodissoconch is visible only when the valves are viewed obliquely (tipped up) and is "Venus-shaped" as mentioned by Carpenter (1857), Literature Cited Brann, D.C. 1966, Illustrations to "Catalogue of the collection of Mazatlan shells" by Philip P, Carpenter, Paleontological Research Institute, Ithaca, New York. Ill pp,, 56 pis, Burch, J,Q. ed, 1944-46, Distributional list of the Ldest American marine Molluscs from San Diego, California to the Polar Sea, (Extracts from the Minutes of the Conchological Club of Southern California part I, Pelecypoda #34 p, 9, Carpenter, P.P. 1857. Catalogue of the collection of Mazatlan shells in the British Museum, Reprinted Paleontological Research Institute, Ithaca, New York. 1967, 552 pp, Dali, LJ.H, 1921, Summary of marine shellbearing mollusks of the northwest coast of America,,, Bull, U.S, Nat, Mus, 112, 217 pp., 22 pis, Jackson, R ,T , 189B, Phylogeny of the Pelecypoda, the Aviculidae and their allies, Mem. Boston Soc, of Nat. Hist, 4 (8); 277-398,, 27 pis, Keen, A,M. 1968. LJest American Mollusk Types at the British Museum (Nat, Hist*) IV, Carpenter's Mazatlan Collection, Veliger, IB (4):389- 439, pis, 55-59., 171 figs. Keen, A.M, 1971, Sea Shells of Tropical Uest America. 2nd Ed, Stanford Univ, Press, Stanford, Ca, 1,B64 pp,# 22 pis, Trueman, E.R, 1954, The structure of the ligament of Pedalion (Perna ) . Proc, Malac, Soc, (London) 3B: 16B-166,, 4 figs, Yonge, C.M. 1968, Form and habit in species of Malleus (including the "Hammer oysters") with comparative observations on Isoqnomon isoqnomon . Biol, Bull. Marine Lab., Uoods Hole, Mass. 135: 378-405., 13 figs. 82 MINUTE SHELLS BITTIUM MEXICANUM BARTBCH, 1911 JULES HERTZ Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park P.D. Box. 139D, San Diego, California 92112 The specimen pictured here was dead collected intertidally at Shell Beach, La Jolla, California in July 1978 by J, Hertz and has been tenta- tively identified as Bitt ium mexicanum Bartsch, 1911.. It agrees in almost all aspects with Bartsch's original description and figure. The shell is elongate-conic in shape and light brown in color. It has a complete nuclear whorl whereas Bartsch’s type (Cat, No, 126774, U.S.N.M.) was decollated. The specimen figured here differs from the figure of the type in the absence of a cord in each of the sutures. The remainder of the sculpture agrees well with Bartsch's original description, i,e. "Intersections of the axial ribs and spiral cords form low, rounded tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them are rectangular pits, having their long axes parallel with the spiral sculpture on all but the last whorl; on this they are squarish pits. Sutures strongly con- stricted. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a channel. Base moderately long, concave, marked by six feeble, spiral cords, grouped in two series of three, one of which is immediately below the periphery and the other surrounds the base of the columella. Aperture irregularly ovate, channeled anteriorly;- posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, showing the ex- ternal sculpture within, rendered sinuously by the external sculpture; columella oblique, somewhat twisted, and reflected." The type specimen came from the Uulf of L'alifarnia. If the pic- tured specimen is truly mexicanum, this would represent a large range extension for the species. Bitt ium species are quite often highly variable within a given lot, and therefore the sculpture difference noted might be just normal variation. Bitt ium mexicanum Bartsch, 1911 Length: 8*5 mm; Width: 2,8 mm. Literature Cited, Bartsch, P. 1911, Proc, U.S.N.M., Uol, 40: 412-413, pi (May 12). 58, fig. 1. 83 CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS TO THE CATALOGUE OF THE FAMILY CORALLIOPHILIDAE ANTHONY D'ATTILIO Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park, F.O. Box 1390, Ban Diego, California 92112 The folloujing paper was submitted to me by Henk K, Mienis, Zoological MusBum, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, It consists of cor- rections or additions as follows. CORRECTIONS p, 71: entrance LATIMUREX Coen, 1922 should read: LATIRDMUREX Coen, 1922 (of, D'Attilio & Bertsch, 1979:21). p, 90: entrance ruderatus "Monterosato” Coen, 1922, etc. has to be deleted, (Monterosato ' s manuscript name: ruderatus . was validated in 1896 by Sturany, Bee under additions), p, 92: entrance sof iae Aradas & Benoit, 1870, Murex , should read: sof iae Aradas & Benoit, 1876, Murex (This work is dated 1870 on the title page, however, only the first part containing the pages 1-113 and plates 1-2, was published in that year. It contains the Bivalvia, Brachiopoda and Pteropoda, □f the Gastropoda the pages ll4'-226 were published in 1874, and the pages 227-324 and plates 3-5 in 1876, The latter part contains the description of Murex sof iae) . ADDITIONS Nominal Genera ARADASIA Settepassi, 1970. Type species: Mur ex sof iae Aradas & Benoit, 1876, Cnnch, viv, mar, Sicilia, p, 270, pi, 5, fig. 7. (D.D.) ARADOMUREX Coen, 1947, Type species: Murex sof iae Aradas & Benoit, 1876, Conch, viv, mar, Sicilia, p, 270, pi, 5, fig, 7, (O.D.) Nominal Species alucoides var, scabrida Monterosato, 1890, Pseudomurex 1890 Monterosato, T.A. di, Conchiglie delle profondita del Mare di Palermo, II Naturalista Siciliano, (1) 9 (8);181-191 (p, 183), Sardinia. babelis var, regalis Reguien, 1848, Fusus 1848 Reguien, F,, Catalogue des Coguilles de I'ile de Corse, I-Xii & 13-111 (p, 76), Corsica, Bonifacio, in Mgdreporis, carinif erus var, coronaria Monterosato, 1890, Pseudomurex 1890 Monterosato, T.A, di, Ccnchiglie delle profondita del Mare di Palermo, II Naturalista Siciliano, (1) 9 (8); 181-191 (p, 183), Algeria (here selected). 64 carinif erus var, exsrta Monterosato, 189Q» pseudomurex 1690 Monterosato, T.A» di, Conchiglie della profondita del Mare di Palermo. II l^aturalista Siciliano, (1) 9 (8): 181-191 (p, 183), Sicily, Palermo,. craticulatua var. pianosana Sturany, 1896,. F usus 1896 Sturany, R., Zool, Ergebn. UII, Mollueken 1 (Prosobr, & Dpisthobr,; Scaph.j Lamell.) gesammelt von 5.M, Schiff ”Pola" 1890- 1894:, Denkschr, Math.-IMat, bJiss, Cl, Hais, Akad, Wise, Wien, 63, 1- 36, 2 pis, (reprint pagination) (p, 25, pi, 2, figs, 40-41), Adriatic Sea. between Tremiti anri Plannsa, at a depth of 103 m, meyendorff 1 var, caprensls beiilni, 1929, Pseudomurex 1929, Bellini, R,, I molluschi del golfo di Napoli, Ann, Mus. Zool, R, Univ, Napoli, (N.S.) 6(2): 1-07. (38). Italy, Capri, deep water, nakamiqawai io hilburn, 1974, Latiaxls (Babelomurex ) 1974, Kilburn, R.N,, Taxonomic notes on South African marine Mollusca (3): Gastropoda: Prosobranchia, with descriptions of new taxa of Naticidae, Fasciolariidae, Magilidae, Wolutomitridae and Turridae, Ann. Natal Mus., 22 (1): 187-220. (p. 201, fig. 12a), South Africa, trawled off Durban in 150 fathoms, ruderatus Sturany, 1896, Pseudomurex 1896, Sturany, R., Zool, Ergebn. UII, Mollusken 1 (Prosobr. & Dpisthobr.; Scaph,; Lamell.) gesammelt von S.M, Schill "Pola" 1890- 1894, Denkschr, Math, -Nat, Uiss, Cl, Kais, Akad, Wiss, liJien, 63, 1- 36, 2 pis, (reprint pagination) (p, 26 & p, 36, pi, 2, figs. 42-43), No locality mentioned, scalaris "Brocchi" Lileinkauff, 1868, Coralliophila 1868, Ueinkauff, H.C., Die Conchylien des Mittelmeeres , ihre geo- graphische und geolo^ische Uerbreitung , II, MolLusca Cephal, 1-512, (p, 98), (not Murex scalaris Brocchi, 1814) On corals off the coast of Dalmatia, GENERIC REFERENCES Coen, G.S., 1947. Appunti di malacologia Mediterranea , Acta Pontificia Academia Scientiarum, 11 (7): 79-92, Settepassi, F. , 1967-1970, Atlanta Malacologico Molluschi Marini Wiventi del Mediterraneo , I: LX, pi, 1 Roma, (It is impossible to give a more exact account of the correct pagination of this work. In one volume Settepassi started 4 or 5 times with pages 1, Therefore only the page dealing with Aradasia is quoted, which taxon was placed by him in the Buccinidae ! ) . ADDITIONS OF TAXA DISCOVERED BY THE AUTHOR OF THE CATALOGUE SUBSEQUENT TO ITS PUBLICATION f iliaris Shikama, 1978, Lat iaxis (Tolema) 1978. Shikama, T,, Descriptions of new and noteworthy gastropoda from the western Pacific Ocean (1), Sci, Rep, of the Yokosuka City Museum^ No, 25, pp, 35-42, 1 pi, (p, 38, pi, 7, figs 17, 18\ (Dec.) Southwest Taiwan, 85 f uslf ormia Shikama, 1971, Coralllophlla (^usomurex? ) 1971» Shikama, T, On some noteujorthy marine gastropoda from southuestern Japan (III). Sci. Rep,, Yokohama, Mat. Univ,, Sec. 2, no.. 18, pp.- 27-35, 1 pi, (p, 30-31, pi, 3, figs. 13-lG), Isshiki, •''‘ikauja. isshikiensis Shikama, 1971, Coralliophila (Hirtomurex ) 1971, Shikama, T, On some noteworthy marine gastropoda from southwestern Japan (III), Sci, Rep,, Yokohama, Mat, Univ., Sec. 2, no. 18, pp, 27-35, 1 pi, (p. 30, pi, 3, figs, 11, 12). Isshiki, Mikawa kanamarui Shikama, 1978, Lat iaxis (Babelomurex ) 1978, Shikama, T, Descriptions of new and noteworthy gastropoda from the western Pacific Ocean (1). Sci, Rep, of the Yokosuka City Museum, Mo, 25, pp. 35-42, 1 pi, (p, 39-40, pi. 7, figs. 25, 26), (Dec.) Tosa, Japan kawamurai Shikama, 1978, Coralliophila (Hirtomurex ) 1978, Shikama, T, Descriptions of new and noteworthy gastropods from the western Pacific Ocean (1), Sci. Rep, of the Yokosuka City Museum, Mo, 25, pp. 35-42, 1 pi, (p, 40, pi. 7, figs 27-30). (Dec.) Tosa, Japan michikoae Shikama, 1978, Lat iaxis (Babelomurex ) 1978, Shikama, T, Descriptions of new and noteworthy gastropoda from the western Pacific Ocean (1), Sci, Rep, of the Yokosuka ^ity Museum, Mo, 25, pp. 35-42, 1 pi, (p. 39, pi, 7, figs. 21-24). (Dec.) Tosa, Japan regius Shikama, 1978, Lat iaxis (Tolema) 1978, Shikama, T, Descriptions of new and noteworthy gastropoda from the western Pacific Ocean (1), Sci. Rep, of the Yokosuka City Museum, Mo. 25, pp, 35-42, 1 pi, (p. 38-39, pi, 7, figs, 19, 20) (Dec) Southwest Taiwan scobina Hilburn, 1973,^ Lat iaxis 1973, Kilburn, R JM . Motps on some benthic Molluscs from Matsl and Mogambigue, with descriptions of new species and subspecies of Calliostoma , hpisriella . Lat iaxis . Babylonia . F usinus . Bathytoma and Conus. Ann. Matsl Mus, WqI. 21(3), pp, 557-578, 17 figs, (p. 567, fig, 9a). Type: Trawled off Durban in 80 fathoms. CORRECTIQMS AMD ADDITIDMS TO —A SELECTED B IBL IDGRAF'HY CDRRECTIOM On p, 95 the following is the corrected citation, Gohart, H.A.F, & Soliman, G.M. 1963, On the biology of three Coralliophilids boring in living corals. Pub, Mar, Biol. Sta. Al-ghardagua 12: 99 - 126, 26 figs, 1 pi, ADDITIDMS D'Attilio, A, & H, Bertsch, 1979, Preliminary Account of Three Generic Taxa in the Muricacean Family Coralliophilidae, FE3TIUUS, Uol. XI (3) pp, 21-25, 6 figs. (Mar.) Lilells, F.E, & C.M, Lalli, 1977, Reproduction and Brood Protection in the Caribbean Gnstropods Coralliophila abbreviata and C, caribaea. Jour, Moll, Stud, (43): 79-87. 4 figs. Skill Sharing Joy USA 15c Smithsonian Institution Sashlngton, B.c. 20560 V^ILL n. V-V .LL 01 THE ‘ SECTlOr^AL L DIVISION OF FESTI7US _ SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968 MEETS THIRD THURSDAY CASA DEL PRADO BAL,BQA PARK ROOM lOU 7:30 P.M. President: Hugh Bradner UicB President: Sandle Seckington Recording Secretary: Jacquie Berzins Corresponding Secretary Karen Hflgan Treasurer:... bJalter Robertson Editor: ...Carole M, Hertz ANNUAL DUES: Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc. Single membership $4,00; Family membership $5,00: Overseas surface $4,50; Student membership $3,00, CLUB ADDRESS: Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc,, c/o 3883 Mt, Blackburn „Ava, , San Diego, Ca, 92111, Uol, XI November 1979 No, 11 * * * * X PROGRAM: Dave Mulliner uill give an illustrated presentation on * X Interdependence of Underuater Marine Life, X J Date: Nov, 15. Time: 7:30 P.M. Room: 104 * ♦ ♦ X The Christmas Party: Dec, 8, La Sala Room, Cafe Del Rey More, * * (see next page for details), * CONTENTS Club Neus B7 Interpretation of Typhine Morphology uith Special Reference to TYPHISALA CLARKI (Keen & Campbell, 1964). GEMMELL, J. & A. D'ATTILID 88 Selected index for 1979 94 REMINDER: THE FEGTIUUS DDES NQT PUBLISH A DECEMBER ISSUE 87 FROM THE MIIMUTES KAREIM HDGAM The October 18, 1979 meeting of the San Diego Shell Club uas called to order by President Hugh Bradner at 7:50 P,M, Many neu visitors uere greeted and members uere requested to remain for the business portion of the meeting,. Hugh Bradner's talk was "Dry Shelling" an alternative to the getting uet type of shell collecting. After showing many beautiful slides of the specimens he had collected while dry shelling, the group joined in listing the many ways of obtaining shells without getting wet. Some of the more unusual were from sea captains, grave robbing, counterfeiting, fertilizer factories and antique stores. After a short break for coffee and cookies, the business portion of the meeting commenced. The minutes were accepted and the proposed slate of officers for 1980 was presented as follows: President: Sandie Seckington Vice Pres; David K, Mulliner Secretary; Carol Burchard (Recording) Secretary: Karen Hogan (Corresponding) Treasurer: Walter Robertson Editor: Carole M, Hertz (FESTIWUS) Librarian: Barbara Myers (Mominat ions from the floor will be entertained before the election at the November meeting. It was also requested that June King continue as telephone chairman and Botanical Foundation representative for 1980, After reading correspondence received by the Club, the meeting was adjourned. THE CLUB'S GALA ANNUAL CHRISTMAS PARTY The Club's annual Christmas party will be held on Saturday, Dec, 8 in the La Sala Room of the Cafe Del Rey Moro in Balboa Park, The festivities will begin at 6:00 P.M, with a no host cocktail hour. Dinner will be at 7:15 P,M. Menu: Tossed salad. Hot rolls and butter Chicken ‘^ordon Bleu Au gratin potatoes and green vegetable Chocolate mousse. Choice of coffee or tea The Club will provide complimentary dinner wine. Dinner with gratuity and tax is S8.DQ, Reservations must be in by Dec, 3, Make check payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc, and give to the treasurer at the November meeting or send to the Club address (front page). Following dinner, the Madison High Honor Ensemble under the direction of Gilbert Sloan will again warm our spirits with a Christmas Choral program. As is traditional, we will again have a shell gift exchange. To participate, bring your gift wrapped shell to place under the tree. Place data and name inside the package only. Bn the outside just list general locale i-,e, Indo-Pacif ic. Gulf, etc. Numbers are drawn and those who bring a shell gift choose one from under the tree. Come to the party — all your friends will be there,, Guests welcome. - FESTIVUS SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB VOL. XI November, - NO. II TYPHISALA CLARKI KEEN SI CAMPBELL INTERPRETATION OF TYPHINE MORPHOLOGY JOYCE GEMMELL, ANTHONY DATTILIO SAN DIEGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM 88 IMTERPRETATIDN OF TYPHIIME MORPHOLOGY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TYPHI5ALA CLARKI (KEEN & CAMPBELL, 1964) JOYCE GEMMELL & ANTHONY D'ATTILID Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balbos Park P.O. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 Introduction The Typhinae, a subfamily of the Muricidae, has been revieyed and cata- logued by Various authors over the past one hundred years, Montfort in 1810 described the genus Typhis , Type species (by original designation) Purpura tubif er Bruguiere, 1792 , from a fossil species and Jousseaume in 1879 made subdivisions of the then small group of about twelve recent and fossil specimens. Sixty five years later. Keen (1944) classified eighty five forms both recent and fossil. In 1961, Uella working on Australasian Typhinae regrouped the current genera and subgenera and described eight new fossil and recent species,. In 1964 Keen and Campbell, having undescribed specimens both recent and fossil and distributional information, described ten more new species and a new genus from the western and eastern Pacific and Australia* The generic divisions were based on shell characteristics of alter- nating tubes and varices, a closed anterior canal and a continuous ovate aperture. Tube and spine formation, placement and direction, plus nucleus, number of whorls and anterior canal direction accounted for supraspecif ic divisions* Keen (1944) regarded the placement of the tubes as of primary importance in classification, while Uella (1961) proposed the number of varices per whorl and the intervarical differences as the most importaht features * There have been recurring statements by these and other authors con- cerning the lack of knowledge in regard to the ecology, angtomy and repro- ductive biology. In recent years, other factors of shell morphology have been reported, D'Attilio (1975) described the generic and intervarical sculpture, and in 1971 D'Attilio and Radwin described the intriticalx layer in Typhisopsis and Tripterotyphis. Ecologicel reports are few and dredging records comprise the bulk of data on depth and bottom type on which the typhines are found, Gertman (1969), A record of 1869 stated that Typhis sowerbyii Broderip, 1833 was found on seaweed* Recent intertidal collecting reports have mentioned rock, mud, and sand, Gemmell (1974) reported field observations of Typhisala clarki (Keen & Campbell, 1964) including egg capsules and larval development. Although specimen collecting has become more sophisticated in recent years, Gertman (1969) stated that one quarter of the total number of species at that time had been described within eight years. The Typhinae are thus still uncommon with regard to live taken specimens. Keen and Campbell (1964) stated how unusual a circumstance it was to describe a new species with over one hundred and fifty specimens available. The animal is still poorly known. Dali (1889) suggested the posterior tube as an excretory channel. Baker (1895) described the animal as resem- bling Murex "...with narrow foot and eyes at the base of the tentacles." 89 H. and A, Adams figured the operculum and animal of Haustellotyphis . Thiele (1929) illustrated the radula of Haustellatyphls cumlnqil (Broderip, 1833) and afterwards anatomical characters other than the shell began to be used for generic divisions. Figure 1, below shows the radula of Typhisala clarki. Figure 1, V/ery few museum lots have enough specimens of any one species to show growth stages or comparisons of shell growth stages between genera. Morphological characters in the Typhinae are comparative ely complex so that simple characters such as length, width, and height do not suffice to establish the nature of shell structure. Factors lead- ing to this complexity of the Typhinae are tubes, lamellar layers and thickening of the shell wall within at the varix. All tubes are, when not functional, sealed from within by deposition of shell matter. Figure 2 shows an internal view of T. clarki , spire removed^ a) refers to the original shell wall, b) the wall thickened to make it smoothly spiral. The relationship of the mantle to the shell is of primary interest. The mantle with its building cells encircles all shell openings and in the cose of T yphis the functional anal tube as well. Since this tube is an internal opening between varices, much remains to be learned regarding the anatomy of the animal. As soon as the new tube is completed, the old tube is sealed over from the inside. This simple step of the animal moving the anal opening over to the next tube supposes the possibility of a protruding anal orifice inserted into the tube. It is assumed that first the mantle continues on past this point in continuing the building of body whorl, spines, and apertural face; Figure 2. Internal view 9D and second that it is possible for the mantle to retract internally and form a fold to repair broken anal tube from the inside as appears in some specimens. The shell increases in increments on periodic tangents from the right side to the left (position shell aperture facing you and spire uppermost). At one stage, noted below, the shell is closed from the loft to the right. It is very difficult to interpret growth steps from the adult shell which has ceased to form new whorls. In the juvenile or sub- adult shell it is easier to see the direction of the primary layers and the penultimate whorl may still be in a stage of intervarical development or closure. Observations on the growth stages of Typhisala clarkl . The observations in this p^ er in regard to growth steps or stages are based on over 20 specimens of Typhisala clarki. The various steps of growth differ somewhat as to genera. The T, clarkl here ^figured are from the Gemmell collection from San Felipe, Baja California, Mexico, in the San Siego Natural History Museum (Lot # G159), The specimens were taken Figure 3b, Length! 22 mm alive on the south side of San Felipe Point, intertidally at a minus five foot tide, The small population in this area lives along a muddy drainage channel. Silt covers small cobble stones as the tide recedes. As the surface drains and begins to dry, the Typhis push away from the substrate and the outline of the shell becomes visible. The majority of specimens were observed between or on the sides of small rocks, although a smaller percentage were on the tops of the rocks. Figure 3a shows the primary step, in tube formation. Figure 3b shows the closure of the anterior canal. Figure 3a, Length: 12,5 mm 91 Field observations over a period of several years revealed a seasonal migration. From March to May, the population uas in the low intertidal area. As the temperature of the water rose during mid and late summer the mollusks appeared to move out into deeper water and were almost never found during the two coldest months from December to February* The Typhlsala body whorl terminates with a winglike varix and a turned up spine on the shoulder, A partition or buttress connects the shoulder spine on the right to the whorl above on the left. The last varix in the adult shell, is broad and lamellate with a serrate reflected edge. In the sub-adult the leading edge of the varix is thin, sharply angled to the aperture wall and reinforced from within. The aperture is small, oval, with a raised peristome. The closed anterior canal is set off to the right and when adult, the ventral face is flattened. The anterior siphon is recurved dorsally. Specimens having had optimum growing con- ditions show rapidly expanding whorls, sharp lamellae, and growth of moderately long anterior and posterior tubes. To clarify the first step in the for- mation of the intervarical area, figure 4 shows the old peristome or margin and formation of the new peristome. The growth starts at the peristome. The outer rim of the right side of earlier apertures are visible on the body whorl. The inner rim is resorbed. The shell is opened an- teriorly along the columella down to the canal termination. This resorbtion is probably accomplished by the left side of the mantle. Either subsequently or simul- taneously, the right side of the mantle forms a tube within a fold of the mantle at the shoulder and appresses it against the earlier made partition. The leading right edge of the mantle continues the e*- terior dorsal framing rapidly expanding the body whorl. The anal tube shows a suture on the ventral side which continues along the rim of the shoulder and into the spine, Uery fine incremental lines curve around the base of the tube on the left terminating along a line, making a suture between the whorl above and the new one. Figure 4 92 Figure 5* Figure 6, The flat shelf-like area betueen the suture and the spine makes an inflectional tangent; that is the spine and the partition are formed by a mantle fold working both on the right and left side of the suture but on different tangents. Figure 5 shows the formation of the tube and Figure 6 shows the formation of the shelf as seen from above. The shoulder spine is folded but open and not entirely sealed. It is filled in with succeeding layers on a receding angle running the length of the varix along the anterior canal. In Figure 7, (a) shows the lamellate nature of the leading side of the varix and the prolongation of the varix into a spine above, (b) shows the partially formed buttress. Left of the tube suture, the shoulder platform curves up and across the shoulder making the future prop for the next anal tube. This stage of development is figured by Keen (1964) plate 9, fig, 23. The Keen figure also shows the vulnerability of the animal at this period as the expanding varix, due to lack of the enclosed aperture, is wide open from shoulder to anterior end. The left mantle edge now begins to form the apertural rim on the left or columellar side and to close the broad anterior canal from the left with a wall over- lapping, slightly, the wall from the right. 93 A suture is made on the ventral face of the closed anterior canal and tube. The last of the growth increments is to reinforce the raised peristome on the right and left side of the aperture. The rim is higher on the right anterior side and slightly more recurved on the columellar side. When the shell is adult and the final varix is complete, the spine is usually hooked dorsally, the lamellae on the receding edge are thickened and the ventral face becomes typically flat and broad» In addition, the overlapping of the left anterior side of the shell layer over the right side is much wider. Figure 8 shows the mature partition between the spine below and the spire above. Figure 8, adult clarki Literature Cited D*'Attilio, Anthony, 1975, The Typhine Shell, Theme, Development and Elaboration, FESTIUUS, Uol, 6(9);53, D'Attilio, Anthony & George E, Radwin» 1971» The intritacalx, an undescribed shell layer in mollusks. UELIGER, Uol, 13(4) : 344-3L7, 1 pi,, 1 fig. Gemmell, Joyce, 1974, (Motes on egg capsules and larval development of Typhis clarki Keen & Campbell, 1964, FESTIWUS. Uol, 5(3); 100-103, 1 pi., 3 figs, Gertman, Richard L. 1969, Cenozoic Typhinae (Mollusca; Gastropoda) of the western Atlantic region, TULAfME STUD. GEDL. PALED, ^ol. 7(4);143-191, 3 figs, 8 pis. Jousseaume, F. 1880. LE (MATURALISTE. 2me Ann^e l(42);335-6. Keen, A, Myra, 1944. Catalogue and Revision of the Gastropod Subfamily Typhinae, JOUR, PALED. Uol. 18(l):5D-72. Jan. Keen, A, Myra & G.B, Campbell, 1964. Ten New Species of Typhinae (Gastropoda: Muricidae), UELIGER. Uol, 7(l):46-57, pis. 8-11, Montfort, Denys de. 1810. CDIMCHYLIDLDGIE SYSTEMATIQUE Uol. II Thiele, Johannes, 1929. HAIMDBUCH SYST. UEICH. (p,293. fig. 318). Uella, P, 1961, Australasian typhinae (Gastropoda) with notes on the subfamily, PALCQIMTDLQBV. 4(3):362-391, pis. 46-47. 94 A SELECTED INDEX TO UDLUME XI (1979) Listings are by both title and author. The No, refers to the month, the numbers after the colon to the pages. £ 1 Brackets are used for explanation, Bertsch, Hans, The eastern Pacific Chromodorids Dpisthobranchia : Chromodoridinae, 6:44-46, 1 pi, Bradner, Hugh, The sharp-tongued mollusks, \jCypraeal , 2:9-15, 16 figs, D'Attilio, Anthony Corrections and additions to the catalogue of the family Coralliophilidae, 10:83-85. Muricids from Okinawa and the Bohol Straits, 5:36-38, 6 figs, T ripterotyphis louei from the Solomon Islands, 7:51-53, 6 figs, D'Attilio, Anthony E Hans Bertsch. ' Preliminary account of three generic taxa in the Muricacean family Coralliophilidae, 3:21-25, 6 figs, D'Attilio, Anthony & Carole M, Hertz, The eastern Pacific species of Murex sensu stricto, 8:59-62, 6 figs. Everson, Gene, The naming of a new Caribbean volute, Scaphella contoyensis Emerson S Old, 1979, 5:39-40. 2 figs. Gemmell, Joyce & Anthony D'Attilio, Interpretation of Typhine morphology with special reference to T vphisala clarki . 11: §8-93, 8 figs, Gemmell, Joyce, Barbara lij. Myers, Carole M, Hertz Solemyidae: clarification of two species in the subqenus Petrasma 9:73-76. 5 figs. Hertz, Carole M. Observations on the differences between the juvenile and mature T urritella anactor Berry, 1957. 6:48-49, 3 figs, CEd.U Radwin & D'Attilio paper on Muricacean gastropods provides names for six species pictured in a previous FESTIVyUS series, 3:25. Hertz, Jules, Collecting in Santa Cruz, California, fT urcica caf fea, Astraea qibberosa . Ocenebra inornata], 8:67-68, figs. la,b & 2a, b. Minute Shells. Z Caecum dalli . C. californicum. C. crebricinctum. C. quadrif llatum, Fartulum orcutti , Elephantulum liratocinctuml 1:2-4, 6 figs. Minute Shells C Elaeocyma hemohillill , 3:26-28. 1 fig. Minute Shells. jfCaecidaeJ 4:32-34, 4 figs Minute Shells. (Update on T urbonilla tridentata Carpenter, 1865, 5:41-42. 1 fig. Minute Shells Bittium munitum and/or Bittium munit urn munitoide . 6:47, Ifig, Minute Shells Bittium larum Bartsch, 1911. 8:63. 1 fig. Minute Shells Bittium eschrichtii & Bittium eschrichtii montereyense . 9:70-72. 1 fig. Minute Shells Bittium mexicanum Bartsch, 1911, 10:82. 1 fig. Hertz, Spies & Anthony D'Att'llio. Favartia qarrettii (Pease, 1868): notes and corrections to the literature. 2:16-18. 3 figs, Moore, Mike, Byssus fiber differences in response to wave shock, Lstudent project outline^ 7:55 95 Myers, Barbara liJ, An historical revieu of the systematics of Drbitestella dieqensis (Bartsch, 1907)* 8:64-66. 1 fig. Bathybembix bairdi (Dali, 1889) and the types of some related genera. 1:5-7, 2 figs, Myers, Barbara Ul. & Hans Bertsch, The misidentif ied Buccinum chart ium. 7:56-57, 2 figs, Myers, Barbara U, & Anthony D^Attilio, Range extension for Isognomon janus Carpenter, 1857 (Bi\/alvia), 10:79-81. 2 figs. Myers, David 0, Food preferences of Scorpaenichthys marmorat us . 8:66, Poorman, Forrest and Roy, The San Carlos Rectangle. 4:30-31, 2 figs. An historical review of the systematics of Drbitestella dieqensis (Bartsch, 1907),, Myers, B.UJ., 8:64-66. Bathybembix bairdi (Dali, 1889) and the types of some related genera. Myers, B.IjJ. 1:5-7. 2 figs. Byssus fiber differences in response to wave shock. Moore, M, 7:55, Collecting in Santa Cruz, California (Turcica caf f ea. Astraea qibberosa, Dcenebra inornata ) . Hertz, J. 8:67-68, figs 2a, 'b. Corrections and additions to the catalogue of the family Coralliophilidae, D'Attilio, A, 10:83-85. Favartia qarrettii (Pease, 1868): notes and corrections to the literature. Hertz, 0, & A, D'Attilio, 2:16-18, 3figs, Food preferences of Scorpaenichthys marmoratus. Myers, D, 8:66, Interpretation of Typhine morphology with special reference to T yphisala clarki . Gemrnell, 0, 11:88-93. 8 figs. Minute Shells, "Cfor individual titles in this series look under author^ Hertz, 3, 1:2-4, 3:26-28, 4:32-34, 5:41-42, 6:47, 8:63, 9:70- 72, 10:82. Muricids from Okinawa and the Bohol Straits. D'Attilio, A, 5:36-38, 6 figs. Observations on the differences between the juvenile and mature Turritella anactor Berry, 1957, Hertz, C.M. 6:48-49, 3 figs. Preliminary account of three generic taxa in the Muricacean family Coralliophilidae. D'Attilio, A, & H. Bertsch, 3:21-25. 6 figs, Radwin & D'Attilio paper on Muricacean gastropods provides names for six species pictured in a previous FESTIViUS series, (Ed^ Hertz, C.M. 3:25, Range extension for Isognomon janus Carpenter, 1857 (Bivalvia), Myers, B.W. &A, D'Attilio, 10:79-81, 2 figs, Solemyidae: clarification of two species in the subgenus Petrasma. Gemrnell, 0., Myers, B.U., Hertz, C.M. 9:73-76, 5 figs. The eastern Pacific Chromodorids Opisthobranchia : Chromodoridinae, Bertsch, H, 6:44-46. Ipl. The eastern Pacific species of Murex sensu stricto, D'Attilio, A, & C.M. Hertz, 8:59-62, 6 figs. The misidentif ied Buccinum chart ium, Myers, B.kl. & H, Bertsch, 7:56- 57. 2 figs. The naming of a new Caribbean volute, Scaphella contoyensis Emerson & Old, 1979, Everson, G, 5:39-40. 2 figs. The San Carlos Rectangle, Poorman, F, S R, 4:30-31, 2 figs. The sharp-tongued mollusks, Bradner, H, 2:9-15. 16 figs, Tripterotyphis lowei from the Solomon Islands, D'Attilio, A. 7:51-53, 6figs, SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968 MEETS THIRD THURSDAY, 7:.3D P.M. ROOM 10%, CASA DEL PRADO, BALBOA PARK President : ....Sandie Seckington Vice President! ,,Dsyid K, Mulliner Recording Secretary ,C®ral Burchard Corresponding Secretary ; .Mar jorie Bradner Treasurer: Ualter Robertson Editor: Carole M, Hertz AIMNUAL DUESj Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc, Single membership S%.00; Family membership S5,0D Student membership 13.00; Overseas surface S%.50. CLUB ADDRESSt Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc,, c/o 3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave,, San Diego, Calif,, 92111 Uol. XII January 1980 l\lo. 1 l^:^:if^Llti:lf.^filfMt****************************************************************-0 * * * * ♦ PROGRAM: Clifford and Clifton Martin will present an illustrated * ♦ talk on Shells of the Philippines, * ♦ * ♦ Pictures from the September party will also be shown. * * Date; Jan, 17, 1980 Time: 7:30 P.M. Room; 10% * COIMTEIMTS Minute Shells HDMALDPDMA GRIPPII (Dali, 1911) HERTZ, J 2 The Annual Christmas Party SECKIIMGTOW, S. 5 TRDPHOIM PAINEI (Dali,: 1903): An Anomalous MUREX (Gastropoda, Muricidae, Trophoninae) D'ATTILID, A 6 5PDNDYLUS PRIIMCEP5 In Eduadorian Antiquity SHASKY, D.R 9 DUES ARE DUE! SEND YOUR CHECK TO THE CLUB ADDRESS 2 MINUTE SHELLS HOMALOPDMA GRIPPII (DALL, 1911) JULES HERTZ Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park P,D, Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 Recently, I received a series of small shells from Loyal J, Bibbey, The material had been trauiled by Ronnte Nichols in nets in depths of 300 to 450 feet on the south side of the La Jolla Trench (off San Diego, California) from January to June 1979, Among the shells uere 34 specimens of a rarely seen member of the Turbinid&e, Homalopoma orippii (Dali, 1911), Keen (1971) placed this species in the subgenus Panocochlea Dali, 1908 which was originally pro- posed as a subgenus of CUanculus Montfort, 1810, Keen employed Panocochlea for a group of Homalopoma species occurring in moderately deep water in the Panamic province. The species range for for H, grippli is listed from Santa Rosa Island, California to Cape San Lucas and the Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico and is found in depths of 246 to 592 feet (75 to 180 meters). In the original description, Dali placed the species in the genus Leptothyra Dali, 1871, but this has been replaced by the earlier named genus Homalopoma Carpenter, 1864, The species was named for Mr, C,iii, Gripp of San Diego, a fisherman who found two immature specimens on a atone hauled up on a fishing line from the rock-cod banks off the entrance to San Diego harbor in 600 to 900 feet, Dali's original description (1911) based on these two immature spe- cimens was thorough but was not accompanied by an illustration. In fact, the only published figure I could find was in Keen (1971), The original description follows, ’'Shell small, solid, of about five whorls; the apex slightly flattened, nepionic whorls one and a half, small, nearly smooth, whitish; sculpture on the spire on the second whorl three, increasing to five on the last whorl, strong, prominent, squarish spiral cords, articu- lated in the type with crimson and white, the interspaces at first smooth, on the later whorls with one to three intercalary much smaller spiral threads; on the last whorl between the peripheral cord and the next posterior cord five uniform fine threads, though this feature is probably variable; base flattened,, translucent white, with one articulated crimson and white color band around the umbilical region, which is also white; pillar broad, white, with one prominent knob of callus in the middle of it; throat brilliantly pearly; the whorl is laid slightly above the peri- pheral cord, which is covered by the advancing whorl; body color crimson; faint spiral striae on the flattened base; axial sculpture only of incre- mental lines. Height of shell 5,25, of last whorl 4,0, max, diameter 6*0 mm. Operculum as usual in the genua, with about three whorls," The 34 specimens trawled on the south side of the La Jolla Trench matched in almost all respects Dali's original description. The shells ranged in size from approximately 3,2 to 10 mm. in height and from approximately 4,0 to 9,0 mm, in maximum diameter. The majority of the shells are crimson in color, some are almost brown, one is pure white, and one is almost all white with a small amount of pink. The specimens have the flattened base, but not all of them have the articulated crimson and white color band. In some the band is absent, while in others the band is articulated brown and white. All of the specimens apparently were live when collected, since in moat cases the operculum is visible. The sculpture too is quite variable with the cords varying from almost 3 smoothi to coarse and prominent* Figure 1 is a growth series of H* qrippii shown at an approximate maghllf ication of 3*6x*. The flattened base which is so characteristic of this species is readily apparent in the photograph,. The color band around the um- bilical region is barely visible on the left dnd center specimens. The prominent knob of callus on the pillar is easily seen,. The strongi squarish articulated-color cords are also apparent in the left and center specimens. The right specimen has a rounder body whorl and was apparently damaged at one time. To the left of the break, the cords are spaced further apart and are relatively smooth. To the right of the break, we see closer spacing, more cords, and the cords are more prominent » The trawled specimens were compared to the two lots of H, qrippii in the San Diego Natural History Museum, The two lots (#29664 & #29669) were both obtained by H,N, Lowe in 1932 in 300 feet off Santa Catalina Island, California, Lot #29669 has one small specimen while lot #29664 had 25 specimens. All but two of the latter specimens were also quite small. There is a note with Lot #29669 indicating that it had been compared-with the type in IBashington, presumably by Lowe, and stating that it was "an exact match," There is no doubt that the 34 specimens trawled off the La Jolla Trench are the same species as those taken by Lowe off Santa Catalina Island, The deep-water H, qrippii is easily distinguished from the inter- tidal and shallow water species of Homalopoma found off Southern California, Of the shallow water species, it most closely resembles Homalopoma luridum (Dali, 1885), McLean (1978) pictures H, luridum, H, baculum, H, radiatumT and H*. paucicostatum. He considers Homalopoma carpenteri ’(Pllsbry, 1888) as a^synonym of H, luridum, and reports the range of H, luridum as Sitka, Alaska to San Geronimo Island, Baja California, Strong and Hanna (1930) report the range as Puget Sound to Peru, Burch (1946) distinguishes be- tween H, cirpenteri and H, luridum by the width of spaces between threads, L,e, the interspaces in H, carpenter! equal the threads in width while in H, luridum the interspaces are narrower than the threads. The range for both were listed as Puget Sound to Cape San Lucas, Not only are these species commonly found intertidally in Southern California but H, carpenter! has- been reported as common in 150 feet off Redondo Breach with some taken as deep as 300 feet,. It has also been reported dredged off Catalina Island in 210 feet. Figures 2a and 2b are top and side views of H, luridum collected intertidally among and under rocks at the beach as the base of Archer Street, San Diego,. It was one of a lot of 6 shells collected by me in March 1971, The shells were dark gray (although I have collected many color forms at other times). The shell is 5,7 mm, in diameter, and there- fore the pictures are at an approximate magnification of 15x, Examination Fig, 2a, top view Fig. 2b. side view H» luridum collected San Diego, California. Magnification 15x, of the shell under magnification reveals that on the upper body uhorl the interspaces betuieen threads are about the same width as the threads. How- ever, on the lower portion of the body whorl, the interspaces are much narrower than the threads. Figures 3a and 3h are top and side views of another specimen,. I had collected this one on July 9, 1972 in Qak Bay, Vancouver Island, Canada. Fig. 3. top view Fig. 3b. side view H, luridum collected Oak Bay, Vancouver Island, Canada Approx, magnification llx. 5 Originally, I beliaved this was H[. carpenteri but close examination re- veals the same type of spacing differences as noted earlier for the spe- cimen collected in San ^iego. In addition, there are differences in thread width on threads occurring on the lower portion of the body whorl. The specimen pictured in Figures 3a and 3b is white and has an approxi- mate diameter of 7,9 mm. Based on these examinations, thread spacing doesn't appear to be a valid characteristic for differentiation of H, luridum and H, carpenteri, I now believe that the specimen shown in Figures 3a and 3b is H. luridum and that McLean is correct in regarding H, carpenteri as a synonym of W, luridum, "" Examination of the photo*graphs of Figures 1 to 3 readily shows the differences between H, qrippii and H', luridum. The H, luridum is a globose shell with rounded spiral c^rds, whereas the H, qrippii has the flattened base, squarish spiral cords, and fine spiral striae on the body whorl as well as on the flattened base. The author is indebted to Loyal J, Bibbey for the lot of H, qrippii. and to David K, Mulliner, FESTIUUS staff photographer, for the excellent photographs of the specimens of Homalopoma. Literature Cited Burch, J,Q,, ed, 1946, Distributional list of the Ulest American marine Molluscs from San Diego, California, to the Polar Sea (extracts from the) Minutes of the Conchological Club of S, Calif,, Pt, II. Uol. II(57);20-21. (Feb.). Dali, liJ.H;, 1911, A new Leptothyra from California, The IMautilus, Uol, XX\; (3);25-26, (Julyy. Keen, A,. Myra, 1971,. Sea shells of tropical lilest America, Stanford Univ,. Press, 1064 pp. (pp, 350-351), McLean, J.H, 1978, Marine shells of Southern California, L.A.C.M, (IM.H.) Sci, Ser, 24, Revised Ed, Zoology (11). 104 pp, 54 figs, (Mar. 20), Strong, A,M, and G.D, Hanna, 1930, Marine Mollusca of the Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico, Proc, Cal, Acad. Sci.^ Ser, 4, ^ol,, 19(2);7-12. (June 4), The annual Christmas party SANDIE SECKINGTQN Members attending our Christmas party at the Cafe Del Rey Moro began the holiday s°ason in the best, most festive way. Our congenial group toasted each other, absent member^ and the season, and once again thoroughly enjoyed the Madison High Honor Ensemble who sang most beautifully for us after dinner. Officers for the new year were installed and toasted. They are Sandie Seckingtqn, president ; Dave Mulliner, Vice President; Carol Burchard, Recording Secretary;- Marge Bradner, Corresponding Secretary; and Wally Robertson, Treasurer, Carole Hertz, who will continue as Editor of The FESTIUUS, was applauded heartily for another year of quality publications. The shell gift exchange drew many delighted exclamations as some really lovely specimens found appreciative new homes. As has become our tradition, the evening concluded with us all around the piano singing holiday fovorites with great spirit and fervor. 6 TRgPHQlM PAINEI (DAU, 1903): an anomalous MUREX (GASTROPODA, MURICIDAE, TRQPHQNINAE) ANTHONY D'ATTILIQ Department of Marine Inv/ertebrates, Natural History Museum,- Balboa Park' P.0, Box 1390, San Diego, California, 92112 In this paper Murex (7Dcenebra) painei Dali, 1903 is assigned to the Trophoninae as Trophon painei (Pall. 1903), Illustrative material and other data are provided to substantiate this generic placement. The recent finding of a muricid species referable to Murex (TDcenebra) painei from off San Diego, California has again posed an in- teresting taxonomic problem. The original description by Dali was not accompanied by an illustration of the new species. This omission was rectified in U.S.N.M. Bulletin 112 (Dali, 1921) on which occasion Dali substituted the taxon Tritonalia painei. .The illustration, a steel engraving, shows a small shell which in Dali's words "resembles one of the Austral Trophons in miniature," The questionable allocation of 1903 and the subsequent citation of the species as Tritonalia (=Dcenebra) seems to indicate that the possession of a fused canal was the deciding factor in Dali's generic allocation, in spite of the otherwise admitted Trophoninae characters* The fused canal, it is true, is much in evidence in a number of Californian species of Ocenebra but this character is not entirely a re- liable indicator of subfamily placement. More consistent indicators, for subfamily placement, are the operculum and the radula. The operculum of Trophoninae species is more typically that of Muricinae because of the position of the nucleus on the operculum. The operculum of Dcenebrinae species driffers by not having a nucleus. In addition, the radula of Dcenebrinae species does not have a typically Muricinae-Trophoninae character, i,e, a rachidian plate with five denticles, a central, 2 smaller laterals, and 2 intermediate still smaller denticles. The radula of Dcenebrinae has, as a rule, a series of strong folds ending in small denticles on both sides of the lateral denticles on the rachidian plate and, in addition, the intermediate denticles are appended to the laterals, and the central cusp or denticle very strongly arches forward ahead of the far sides. The radula of Trophoninae species is closely allied to Muricinae, T, ptainei (Fig, 1) is known thus far from ohly a few records in the literature. Material studied by me is from San Diego north to Catalina Island, All collected specimens were obtained in about BO to 100 meters by trawling. The pictured specimen was taken during codfish trawling operations in 1979 by Mr, Ronnie Nichols in nets from 300 to 450 feet on the south side of the La Jolla Trench. The holotype was collected off Catalina Island in the Santa Barbara Channel. Records of collecting depths for Dcenebrinae species indicate that the species of this subfamily are found from the intertidal to depths of approximately 25 meters, Trophon species occur mostly in relatively deeper or colder waters. This deeper water habitat probably accounts for the relative scarcity of Trophon species in private or museum collections. In Radwin and D'Attilio, 1976, T^, painei is referred to Ocenebra with a question mark and with the following comment, "the lamellose sculpture, stout form suggests affinity with the southern trophons (e.g. _T. qeversianus Pallas, 1774); the fused canal Implies an ocenebrine Fig. 1 TROPHON PAINEI (dA L L 1903) 8 relationship; and the radula favors neither of these possibilities* Thus the species is placed here conditionally,” lilhile engaged in preparation of the Murex book a radula study of T, painei was undertaken. The specimen studied is in the Los Angeles County Museum (IM.H.), 1240-41 and is in that collection presently. The figure of this radula (Fig, 2) has not been previously published, I am strongly im- pressed with its close generic relationship to those of a num- ber of other Trophon species that I have studied especielly that of Trophon qeversianus (Pallas, 1774), the type of that genus. The radula of J, qeversianus was illustrated by Thiele, 1929, The Operculum \Fig, 3), the protoconch (Fig, 4), and the shell of T, painei (Fig, 1) are illTjstrated herein as camera lucida drawings done with a microscope. The closed canal of T, painei requires comment since this character is not otherwise associ- ated with Trophoninae. Although a closed canal is associated with many Qcenebrinae genera it is not consistent and in some genera Roperia, Urosalpinx and Eupleura the canal remains open, I con- sider, therefore, that the closed canal is an aberrant feature for a species which otherwise surely has Trophon characters. Fig, 2, "Murex” painei Dali, 1903 9 miles off San Diego, Calif. 78-81 fms, A.H.F.- L.A.C.M. 1240-41 Fig,. 3,. Operculum of T_« Painei 9 AcknoulBdgBmenta I am indBbtBd to Mr. L.J. Bibbey of ImpBrial BBach, California, for thB gift of thB figursd spBciman noui in tha collBCtion of tha S.D.N.H.M, Also I wish to Bxtsnd my thanks to Mrs.. Barbara Uf. Mysrs, dspartmant assistant, for idsntifying ths spBciman and than prompting ma to under- taka this paper and Dr. Hans Bartsch for his valuable comments on the text • Literature Cited Dali W.H. 1903. Diagnoses of neui species of mollusks from the Santa Barbara Channel. Proc. Biol,,Soc. of Uash. Uol, 6:171—176, 1921, ■ Summary of the marine shell bearing mollusks of the northwest coast of America from San Diego, California, to the Polar Sea, mostly contained in the collection of the U.S.IM.M,, with illus- trations of hitherto unfigured species, U.S.M.M. Bull. 112, 217 pp. 22 pis, Pallas, P,S. 177A,. Bpic. Zool. X. p, 33* Raduin, G*E. and A, D»AttilIo. 1976* Murex shells of the world, an illustrated guide to the Muricidae, 284 pp* 3D pis,, 192 figs, Thiele, J* 1929, Handbook der systematischen weichtierkunde* V/ol. 1, 778 pp,, 783 figs* SPDIMDYLUS PRIIMCEPB IN ECUADORIAN ANTIQUITY DONALD R. SHASKY 229 Cajon Street Redlands, California 92373 Ifrom a paper presented at AMU-AiJSM — 197^ Before I discuss Spondylus princeps . I want to briefly mention the organization sponsoring the work in Ecuador, I first became acquainted . with the Program for New World Anthropology, an Ecuadorian organization, through Earthwatch. The founder of the Program for New World Anthropology is Presley Norton, an Ecuadorian of American heritage. His chief collabo- rator is Dr. Jorge Marcos, anthropologist-archaeologist from Guayaquil, Last summer was the first year of archaeological exploration for the Program for New World Anthropology, Excavation was limited to La Plata Island* This year, in addition to continuing the excavation of sites on La Plata Island, several dozen new sites have been surveyed on La Plata and many sites on the adjacent mainland have also been staked off, I was asked to work as a full-time SCUBA diver. My principal assignment was to try to find Spondylus princeps and secondarily, to do a malacological survey of the island. Last September , I spent one week on La Plata and one week diving at Salango Island and Punta Mala, In June of this year, I spent three weeks on La Plata, How many seasons it will take for me to complete my part of the project I cannot say but I do expect to return next summer. 10 A brief uord about why the^'laiand is; called, "Ls Plata." Plata ia the Spanish uord for silver. In lata 1578, Sir Francis Drake was plunder- ing the coasts of Chile and Peru on the Golden Hind. The ship was so heavily laden with silver and gold that by the time he reached Ecuador, Spanish galleons were closing in on him. He anchored in a cove on the lee side of the island and dumped 60 tons of silver in 60 feet of water. He did not appreciate how precipitous a slope the bottom has so that when he returned later, he was unable to find any trace of the silver, (The lodge where we stay on La Plata is on this cove). During the late 192D's, the British recovered about 20 tons of Drake's silver. fh;ere is another AO tons waiting to be discovered. I haven't found any of it yet! In 1833 in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Broderip described Spondvlus princeps and the type locality was La Plata Island, It was collected by Hugh Cuming in 1829, and was taken in a depth of 17 fathoms. Although Soandylus princeps was new. to Cuming, Broderip, and the scientific community; it had been well known to the Indians of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Meso-America, and Mexico for several millenia. To the Indian, the Spondylus was known as "mullu." Its value on a weight basis was higher than that of gold and at the time of European contact, possession of just one of these Spondylus automatically made the owner rich. There are three main archeological periods of the Guayas basin and the Manabi coast. The Ualdivia ranging from approximately 3500 B.C, to 1100 B,C,J' shall refer to as Period A, The second period ranging from 1100 B.C, to 100 B.C, is the Chorrera, which will be referred to as Period B, The third and latest period is the Manteno which ranges from 100 B.C. to 1532 A.D. This will be referred to as Period C. During Period A, the coastal Ecuadorian Indians made little use of Spondylus for themselves. It appears to have been used as a trade item and of little ritual value to themselves. By Period B, they were making more use of the Spondylus as beads, pendants, masks, and ear spools. But generally this was from the white center of the shell. Early in Period C, it becomes apparent that the coastal Indians beg^n to place an increasing value on objects made for themselves from the red rim of Spondvlus. In contrast to the coastal Indiana, the Andean Indians were coveting items made from the red rim ,as early as Period A, Sy Period C, with both the Andean Indians and the coastal Indians placing an increasing value on items made from the red rim, millions of Spondylus shells were being collected to supply this great demand. Early Spanish explorers along this coast found Indians in huge canoes laden with Spondylus shells. So far, excavation on La Plata Island from two sites just off the beach, shows civilizations going well bafck into Period B, Artifacts from Period A Indians have not yet been identified. Since both Mr, Morton and Dr, Marcos believe that La Plata Island was a sacred ceremonial site, it is hoped that Period A, or Ualdivia sites, will be found when excavation is commenced on the top of the island, Ulhen I first arrived at La Plata in early September of last year, Cl97S3 the previous group, working in August, had already uncovered a large cache of Spondylus from Period C, This cache had been unworked and for some reason had been abandoned. Thousands of beads in various sizes and shapes from the red rim of the Spondylus were obtained in the siftings from the excavated soil. One exciting find was a royal Inca pot which established that there had been some communication with the Andean Indians and the Indians on La Plata, Also found in the excavations both last year and this year were both stone and coral weights and many fish hooks made from the pearl oyster, Pinctada mazatlanica. The most exciting find this year was a pitcher from early Period B which Dr. Marcos dated as approximately 1000 B.C, 11 Although I uent with a )4 inch Farmer John wet suit, I was ill- prepared for the uater temperatures that we found last September. Although the depth of the thermocline varied from day to day, we would experience, someplace betuieen 70 and 110 feet, an instand drop in temperature to UQ degrees. This, of course, meant an- instant numbness that made diving most uncomfortable. It was not until the fifth day of diving that I found my first Spondylus princeps. Since my time on the island was growing short, I had decided to give it an all out try. I had never previously dived below 120 feet, for at that depth I undergo rather severe nitrogen narcosis, Ule had passed through the 48 degree harrier at 70 feet on that dive. At 120 feet, I immediately began to feel the effects of nitrogen narcosis, but I con- tinued on down to 135 feet where I immediately saw some dark round objects that were heavily encrusted. Because of dizziness I was not focusing well, but I did grab two of these objects and put them into my collecting bag, I signaled to the dive master who was with me that I thought I had found what we were looking for, but in the same motion I signaled to him that I was drunk and that I was going up. He also picked up one of these but when he saw how bad off I was, he dropped it and accompanied me to 60 feet. At 60 feet my mind cleared and after a few moments decompression, I went on up to the boat. As soon as we reached shore, word spread quickly that we thought that we had found the Spondylus princeps and all archaeological activity ceased as beople huddled around to see what we had. Sure enough, we had two Spondylus princeps. All totaled, I found three additional specimens on my last day there; one at 110 feet and two at 68 feet. One of the other divers collected one specimen. This year, we found eight additional specimens at depths between 85 and 110 feet — certainly not very impressive. Finally I wish to raise the question, "How did the ancient Indians obtain the millions of specimens that they used?" Until now it has b^en felt that clivers collected these and I would not deny that as a possibility; but I think'lt is extremely unlikely. To repeatedly free dive to the depths in which this species is found, taking enough time to locate them, and then to ascend with them or to fill some kind of a container seems almost impossible to me. Since there is wild cotton on the island and since there were both rock and coral weights found in the excavations, it leads me to believe that these shells were trawled. To further my argument, just last week I came across a reference in Sir Edward Belcher's narrative of his Woyage Around the World aboard the Sulfur in which he records watching expert pearl divers in Panama, He stated that their average bottom time at 5 to 6 fathoms (3D to 36 feet) was only 40 to 42 seconds. When a reward was offered to the man who could stay underwater the longest, he was able to stay 96 seconds at 7 fathoms (42 feet). Belcher states "from what we witnessed of his exhaustion and the reports of others who repute him their best diver, I am strongly in- clined to doubt the suspension of breathing, with power of exertion, for a longer period." I am aware of much deeper free dives made by modern highly skilled athletes. My oldest son, who teaches SCUBA diving at the University of Puerto Rico tells me of free dives made to 30D feet with mask, fins, snorkel and wet suit. Without such equipment, and without any professional training, I do not believe the Indians collected Spondylus by free diving. i- m ppf> Piers'! , .. HERTZ zmz il= BLACKBORM MB. $m nm, Ptt S^i taiEor.lsri Iitsttl ti3 tloB h it^rar j-S asiy 1ml 1 1 tjns? W^atfbingtea, S0560 THIRD CLASS » return POSTAGEGUARANTEtO QL HG! SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968 MEETS THIRD THURSDAY^ 7:30 P,M. ROOM 104, CASA DEL PRADO, BALBOA PARK President: ...Sandle Seckington Uice President: ....David K. Mulliner Recording Secretary; Carol BurOhard Correaponding SBcrBtary:,Marjoriir Bradner T reasurer « Walter Robertson Editor: Carole M. Hertz ANNUAL DUES: Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc. Single membership S^.DO; Family membership $5,00 Student membership $3.00; Overseas surface $4,50. CLUB ADDRESS: Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc,, c/o 3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave,, San Diego, Calif., 92111 VdI,. XII February 1980 l\lo, 2 ♦ * ♦ PROGRAM: James Stewart, Diving Officer at Scripps Institution of * Oceanography, will give an illustrated talk entitled, | "A Diver's Diverse Observations," * ♦ * * * Date: Feb. 21, 1980 Time: 7:30 P.M, Room: 104 | Pictures of the September Party will also be shown. CONTENTS Club News 13 Comments on species of Homalocantha (Gastropoda: Muricidae) D'ATTILIG, ANTHONY and HANS BERTSCH 14 A Reef Report POORMAN, FORREST 21 Library Notes: Review of SEA SHELLS OF iiiESTERN EORDPE MYERS, BARBARA hi 21 DOES ARE DOE BY JANUARY 1 AND ARE DELINQUENT BY APRIL 1, Please send dues to the Club address or to Walter Robertson, Treasurer, by March 24 so you will be included on the 1980 Club membership roster. 13 SPECIAL ISSUE IN MARCH The March issue of The FE5TIUUS uill feature the article, Seastar predation on mcllusks in the uaters in and surrounding San Felipe Bay, Baja California, Mexico, by Joyce Gemmell, Carole M, Hertz and Barbara U, Myers, The paper uill feature an annotated list of over 80 species of mollusks taken from seastar stomachs uith more than 40 photographs and drauings. As a service, The FEBTIV/US uill make copies available to non- members and/or additional copies to members at $3,00 per copy ($3,50 overseas ) , FROM THE MIIMUTES - JANUARY 17, I960 CAROL BURCHARD President Sandie Seckington called the meeting to order at 7:45 P.M, (\leu members and guests uere introduced, Hugh Bradner introduced Clifford and Clifton Martin uho presented a most interesting program on the Philippines. Note uas made that the recent use of the tangle nets has brought up shell species off Cebu and neighboring islands uhich uere previously unknoun or rarely found in the region. Their slides of the area and of many of the species found uere outstanding, (FESTIV/US article to follou, Ed,) The follouing announcements uere made. The Shell Club needs volunteers to fill positions as Telephone Chairman and Botanical Garden Foundation Representative. Interested persons please contact Sandie Seckington (462-9455), Dues are due by January 1 and are delinquent by April 1. Please send dues to the Club address or to lilalter Robertson, Treasurer, by March 24 so you uill be included on the 1980 Club roster,. The Western Society of Malacologists uill hold their meeting this year at UC Davis from June 22-25. For further information contact Kay Webb, Treasurer at 501-A Anita St., Space 186, Chula Uista , Ca, 92011 Fred Closson uas the uinner of the shell drauing. The meeting uas adjourned at 9:10 P.M, SAUE THE DATE: The Club's annual Auction/Potluck uill be held on Saturday evening, April 26 , 1980 at the home of Marge and Hugh Bradner, Details in the next issue. It is not too soon to choose the shells for your donation to the auction. Bring your quality shells uith as much data as possible to the February or March meeting. If this is not possible, arrange uith a Board member for pickup of your donation. The WELIGER, Volumes 10 through 16 (July 1967 - April 1974) available For further information contact Roland and Kay Taylor at 274-2998, 14 COMMENTS CN SPECIES GF HUMALUCANTHA (GASTRDPCDA: MURICIDAE) ANTHONY D'ATTILID and HANS BERTSCH DspartiDBiTt of Marins InvBrtsbratsSi San Disgo Natural Histnry Mussurrip Balboa Park, P.D. Box 139D, San Diego, California 92112, USA The Philippine Islands have long been knoujn as a rich source of mollusks. For over 2 centuries, local fishermen have supplemented their income by selling shells to collectors around the ujorld. Today there is a thriving industry of shell dealers in the Philippines, sending out boats to dredge specifically for shells. No longer just ancillary to fishing, shell collecting in the Philippine Islands has its oun raison d'etre. In this uay, several United States collectors have recently obtained specimens of the distinctive species, Homalocantha anomaliae Kosuge, 1979. This species shous morphological features characteristic of the genus, but differs greatly from previously named Homalocantha . After examining several specimens of this unigue species, uie feel that further morphological information uill be useful in understanding the genus. Hence in this paper ue give a more detailed description of Homalocantha anomaliae. plus com- parisons of this species with its known congeners, Muricidae Rafinesque, 1S15 Muricinae Rafinesque, 1815 Homalocantha Mtirch, 1852 Types species, Mur ex scorpio Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy, Homalocantha anomaliae Kosuge, 1979 Material examined: Two specimens. San Diego Natural History Museum, Department of Marine Invertebrates, the shell is 5D mm long (Fig, 1 and 2), Collection of Mr. Gene Everson, 52,5 mm long shell (Fig, 3 and 4), Both specimens were dredged (from possibly 6D-1DD m deep) in the Bohol Straits, Philippine Islands (approximately 1D° N; 124° E), between the islands of Cebu and Bohol, Description: The shell is approximately 5D mm in height, fusoid and much attenuated; protoconch not preserved; spire high, somewhat loosely coiled, shouldered with a deep embayment set well below the shoulder; the suture is weakly indicated at bottom of embayment. The body is of moderate size relative to the high spire and lengthy canal. The aperture is almost circular, lacking an anal trough. The outer lip is undulate and weakly crenulate,. It is marked with 3 brown areas^ in the convex portion between the larger crenulat ions ; smaller brown indications are on the lip posteriorly; the inner lip is simple and slightly erect. Canal is long, straight, barely open, strongly recurved terminally, about the same width along its entire length. Axial sculpture consists of 4 varices on the body whorl and 5 on the spire. The varices cross the shoulder diagonally and continue to the following shoulder, forming a narrow bridge or buttress over the shoulder embayment. The brown markings on the outer apertural lip are present on the forward edge of the varices of the spire as a series of pits whether the spines are present or lacking, Intervarical areas are smooth, but on the varices there are spines extending from the varical margin, A large dominant spine is situated at the shoulder of each varix;: a secondary spine below is present only on the apertural varix. The larger spines extend outward and terminate in a broad Text figures 1-4* ,nr,n cn 1 and 2, Homalocantha anomaliae hosuge, 1979, 5D mm long, 3 and 4, Homalocantha anomaliae Kosuge, 1979, 52.5 mm long. 16 Luavy lobe, fringed with 4 nr 5 shnrt crenulat ions . The surface of the spines is cowered crossuise with coarse, weakly raised lamellae. Between the major spines at the apertural warix there is a strong connecting web extending from above the shoulder to the base of the body whorl,. The web is scabrously laminate on its ventral side, and terminal scales are present along its entire margin. Some 3 or 4 major spines are on the most recently formed side of the siphonal canal, with interspersing spinelets (B-3) between them. The basal remains of spines and the spinelets are found on ths 3 close-set varical ridges (appearing as lengthwise rows) that are present on the outer surface of the siphonal tube. Color of shell is deep flesh (richest on the body whorl), shading into creamy white on the palmate terminations of the spines; color of aperture is pale flesh. Operculum (Fig, 13) has the nucleus off center, and it is entirely ridged with fine concentric lines. There are several statements in Kosuge's (1979: 2) original description of Homalocantha anomaliae which need clarification. The large size of the body Whorl (70% of the entire shell) is accounted for by including the siphonal canal in the measurements. Contrary to a "barely discernible anal sulcus" we found this feature totally lacking in the specimens available to us. The phrase "outer varical lip is erect and finely dentate" does not imply that there are denticles within the lip. The outer edge is better described as mainly smooth and only weakly crenulate. The sentences containing "a ventrally fine fimbriate webbing connects an uppermost small spine,.," and ",,,all the spines on the body" should be modified to indicate that a varical flange connects the 2 major spines and the spinelets of the body whorl; the ventral surface of this flange is covered with fine fimbriate webbing (one can also say, with coarse, weakly raised lamellae, or that it is scabrously laminate). Shell color is variable — creamy white or deep flesh; the small brown maculations were visible on all specimens seen by us, bJe have seen a third specimen, 69 mm long, on display at the Conchologist of America meeting, October 1979, in Santa Monica, California, To date, this species has been collected only from deep water in the Philippine Islands, The origin of specimens labelled Homalocantha scorpio in nineteenth centory conchological illustrations is apparently unknown. The modern forms of _H. scorpio are collected in the Philippines and have a more robust, stockier shape. Neither of these variations of _H. scorpio are to be confused with, or identified as, anomaliae . Discussion In recent years there has been some disagreement regarding the numbers of species referable to Homalocantha. A cursory survey of two recent compendiums shows 11 species (Fair, 1976) or 7 species (Radwin & D'Attilio, 1976), The previously known species have an erratic history of being considered full species, subspecies, or synonyms. Including the new species, Homalocantha anomaliae, we recognize 11 species of Homalocantha (and one species inquirenda) which fall into 2 distinct groups: With palmately digitate shell projections Indo-Paoific localities Homalocantha anatomica (Perry, 1811) Homalocantha anomaliae hosuge, 1979 Homalocantha diqitata (Sowerby, 1841) ?Homalocantha f aurot i Jousseaume, 1888 Homalocantha lambert i (Poirier, 1883) Homalocantha pele (Pilsbry, 1918) 17 Text figures 5-B. Apertural vieujs of four far camparisnn with _H, anomslise . 5, H, diqitsta . 54 mm long; near Dissei Jsn, 1973, by R. & D, Janawsky; il* Psle, 41 mm long; at Tanabe, Kii, 7, H, scarpio , 43 mm long; Sohal Prov., il* zamboi , 53 mm long; trauled Cebu, species of Homalocantha , Is,, Dahlak Archipelago, Red Rose D'Attilio collebtion, Japan by T, Kuroda; SDMHM 239B4, Philippine Is.; SDI\!HM 5DB25, Philippine Is,; 5DI\]HM 17905, 18. Text figures 9-12. Dorsal view of four species of Homalocantha . for comparison with ]j. anomallae. 9, H. diq.itata, 54 mm long; near Dissei Is., Dahlak Archipelago, Red Sea, Jan, 1973, by R. & D. Janouisky; Rose D'Attilio collection. 10, H. pele, 41 mm long; at Tanabe, Kii, Japan by T. Kuroda; SDI\]HM 23984, 11, H, Scorpio, 43 mm long; Bohol Prov,, Philippine Isl; 5DIMHM 50825. 12, H, zamboi. 53 mm long; trawled Cebu, Philippine Is.; 5D!\)HM 17905. 19 Homalocantha scorpia (Linnaeus, 1758) (type species by mnnctypy) Homalocantha secunda (Lamarck, 1822) Hcmalccantha zambci (Burch & Burch, I960) Uithcut palmately digitate shell projections Eastern Pacific localities Homalocantha oxyacentha (Broderip, 1833) Homalocantha tortua (Souerby, 1334) Eastern Atlantic localities homalocantha melanamathos (Gmelin, 1791) The genus Homalocantha typically includes species with palmate ly digitate shell projections. Species with nonpalmate spines are congeneric because of shared radular and opercular morphologies. The rachidian tooth has a strong, thickened central cusp; the cusps are uniquely blunt, squat, and shortened;, and each intermediate cusp is reduced so greatly that it appears to be a small lump along side of the cusp, Raduin & D'Attilio (1976 Fig. 29) illustrate the teeth of Homalocantha scorpio ; Cernohorsky ' s illustration (1967^ Fig, H) of !H, anatomies does not indicate the presence of intermediate denticles. For comparison, ue illustrate the radulae of the palmately spined JH, secunda (Fig. 14) and the non-palmate species, _H, oxyacantha (Fig, 15), The operculum of Homalocantha species appears ocenebrine in form. Fig, 14, Radula cif Homalocantha secunda, from a- specimen collected at Broome, IM.IjJ, Australia. Fig. 13, Operculum of Homalocantha anomaliae, 50 mm long specimen. Fig, 15. Radula of Homalocantha oxyacantha, from a specimen collected at Bahia Coastocomate, Jalisco, Mexico Homalocantha anomaliae needs to be compared only uith the other Indo- Pacific species. They share the characteristic palmate-shaped spines. This neu species may be distinguished readily from other Indo-Pacific species by its comparatively attenuated, elongate form, the extended spire (each complete turn of the uihorl is separated from the earlier uhorl by 20 about the diameter of the coiling), the unusual length of the siphonal canal, and the brown maculations at the v-rical margins and aperture. This suite of traits is unique to Homalocantha anomaliae , and does not exist in any of the other known species of Homalocantha . In general form, Homalocantha anomaliae has a smoother appearance than all its other congenerics except H, zamboi , Homalocantha anomaliae lacks prominent spiral ribbing of _H. diqitata (Fig, 5 and 9), H, f auroti , _H. lamberti , JH, scorpio (Fig, 7 and 11), and JH. secunda . The distinctly spaced spines, a slightly scabrous sculpture, and a slight shoulder (a rounded keel) on the whorl are the only ornamentation immediately visible on the shell of JH, anomaliae . Homalocantha anatomica (from the Indian Ocean) and H, pele (the western Pacific, from Japan to Hawaii) (see l/okes, 1970: 410, for the identifying characteristics of these 2 species) have a broader, heavier shell, with a more compressed spire, larger aperture, and relatively larger body whorl, Homalocantha pele (Fig, 6 and 10) is variably colored white, flesh, violet, coral red and rarely yellow, IMeither H, pele nor H, anatomica possess the brown varicsl spotting unique to _H, anomaliae . Homalocantha zamboi , H, anatomica and H, pele have an accessory row of spines basally in front of the main varical spines which H, anomaliae lacks. The spire of _H, zamboi (Fig, 0 and 12) is proportionately smaller, and the aperture is proportionately larger in comparison with H, anomaliae. The almost complete separation of each whorl is also unique to _H. anomaliae . ACKNOijJLEDGMErJTS lile thank Mr. Don Pisor of San Diego, Ealifornia, Mr, Gene Everson of Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, and Mrs. Rose D'Attilio of San Diego, California, for allowing us to examine and photogrqph their Homalocantha specimens; Mr, L, J, Bibbey for giving us information about his visits to the type locality; and Mrs, Barbara Myers and Mrs, Judith Bertsch for comments and assistance . LITERATURE CITED Cernohorsky, U ,0 , 1967. The Muricidae of Fiji (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Part I, Subfamilies Muricinae and Tritonaliinae. Ueliqer 10 (2); 111-132; pits 14,15; 10 text figs. Fair, R.H, 1976, The Murex book: an illustrated catalogue of recent Muricidae (Muricinae, Muricopsinae, Ocenebrinae) . 130 pp.; 56 figs.; 23 pits.; Sturgis, Honolulu, Kosuge, S. 1979. Descriptions of two new species of the family Muricidae (Gastropoda, Mollusca). Bull. Inst, Malacology Tokyo 1 (1): 1-2; 1 pit. Radwin, G.E. and A. D'Attilio, 1976, Murex shells of the world: an illustrated guide to the Muricidae. x + 204 pp.; 192 figs,; 32 pits,; Stanford University Press, Uokes, E.H. 1970. Muricidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the eastern coast of Africa. Ann, Natal Mus. 23 (2): 375-410; 0 pits. 21 A REEF REPORT FORREST POORMAO 15300 Magnolia^ Westminister, Oalifornia 9?105 For the past six yeoi*B we have set up salt water aqu-iria at our romada in Bahia San Carlos, Sonora, Mexico, As soon as loui tides per- mitted uie would search out small rocks covered with two species of the alga, Caulerpa , ujhich we had discovered were the preferred habitat for Oerthelinia chloris and Dxynoe panamensis. * We have enjoyed watching the development of these animals from very small Juveniles to full adults. Copulation and egg laying seemed to be nearly daily activities. Several times we have observed hatching and development of the Oxy.noe . Each year when it was time to pack for home and to secure the aquarium, the rocks containing the algae and animals were carefully placed among rocks at low tide on a sheltered reef about 2BD meters long. We had never observed Caulerpa on this reef. The sources of our material were about 7 kilometers away in either direction. For several years, upon returning to San Carlos, we have inspected these plants and found that they were slowly becoming established on the sane sheltered reef. In Movember 1979, at an extreme low tide, we inspected the reef and were amazed to find that both types of algae had spread along the entire reef and, also, somewhat offshore. The two types were inter- mingled and were growing in even larger patches than at the original sources. Eagerly we searched and found both Berthelinia chloris and Bxynoe panamensis well established on the reef, each- on its respective sjDecies of Caulerpa , Another marine alga we have been observing is Padina durvillae , tjjhich is the habitat for many opisthobrnochs , For several years the great patches of this cabbage-like plant had been missing and we could find only isolated small buds on rocks in tide pools. This year Padina was abundant and fully mature on all rocky reefs and on the bottom of bays. The Padina on our special reef showed no evidence of Phy llaplysia padina which had previously been abundant. It did, however, yield several specimens of an undescribed nudibranch, a description of which is now in press, ♦The IMautilus. 91(2): 62-66 (25 April 1977), LIBRARY BGTE6 BaRBAR;, W. MYERS SEA SHELLS LF WESTERN EURUPE. 1979, 144 pp, $S,95 by P, Bouchat, F, Dpnrig.al, C, Huyghens American Malacologist s Inc,, Melbourne, Florida Originally published in French as Caquillages des Atlantiques at de la Manche by Les Editions due Pacifigue, 1979, Translated from the French by B.E, Picton The spectacular closeup color photographs of living mollusks =“0^ their egg capsules are d:he outstanding feature of this small, hardcover book. Many of the over 125 species shown in fine detail are only a few millimeters in size. The eleven additional color olates are of standard design and picture 136 species. Although the general information is superficial there are many sne- cific facts regarding habitat, spawning, feeding, etc, throuohout the text. It is limited as an identif ication reference by its lack of species descriptions , Through the American Malacologists Inc,, our members have the opportunity to purchase this book at a 25% discount provided at least six members sign up to purchase it. The Club's courtesy copy will be available for your inspection at the February meeting. Those interested, please bring your check for $6,95 payable to American Malacologists Inc, to the February meeting. A' w / ' -' ■■ \U3m npp .- / It *7^ i£- M ^ Ce\ '• •’-T * 1 { : ' ’•'* J>A ■'■ •• ' '■ '■ •■ -■ '■■ ' - ■ Ifl^ 4sdMi 'A£sr/ ■'<*'•.■,•■ c.", . (,• ■■... ;r ' • , Vv _; ■, r •>*? ii A a 'J -■* V V ^■ *>--< w » .'i ^ OIE« SSSlS Ift BliSI®®* Smithsonian Instituti Library-Acquisitions #9010520201 Washington, D.C. 20560 THIRD CLASS UMl RETURN i AGE guarantee i N ****♦*■)<■*** ithi-* SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968 MEETS THIRD THURSDAY, 7s30 P,M, ROOM 104, CASA DEL PRADO, BALBOA PARK President: •••Sandie Secklngton UlcB President *Divld K, Mulllner Recording Secretory ;•••• .D#roI BurOhesd Correepondlng Secretary : .Marjorlir Bradner Treasurer Ualter Robertson Editor; Carole M, Hertz ANNUAL DUEBt Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc* Single membership $A,D0; Family membership $5,00 Studertt membership S3*00; Overseas surface $6,00. CLi£ ADDRESSt Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883 Mt, Blackburn Ave,, San Diego, Calif,, 92111 UdI. XII March 198D No. 3 * * PROGRAM: Don Fisor luill give an illustrated talk on "Recent Travels.";^ * Pictures of 'the September Party will also he shown, * Date: Mgr. 20, 1980 Time: 7:30 P.M. Room: lOA * C[-I\ITENTS Club News.. 23 Sesstar predation on Mollusks in the San Felipe Bay ares, Baja California, Mexico GEMMELL, JOYCE, CAROLE M. HERTZ and BCRBORA M . MYER5 24 •S.AUE THE DATE:- Annual ■'•uct ion/Pot 1 uck is April 26, 1980. Details inside. DUlS are DUE BY JANUARY 1 ND "■RE DELINQUENT BY -PRIL 1. Please send to the Club address or to Ualter Robertson, Treasurer, by March 24 so will be included on the 1980 membership roster. dues you 23 THE AIVfMUAL AUCTIDIM/PDTLUCK APRIL 26, 1980 The Club's only fundraiser and most glorious social affair is the annual auction. The auction proceeds provide the major portion of the Club's operating funds. The Festivus depends on its success for its budget. The Club's purchases for the library, donations to scientific publications, and participation in the Greater San Diego Science Fair hinge on the generosity of Club members in donating and buying at the auction , As a result of the cancellation of the February meeting because of storm conditions feu donations have been received. Since time is grouing short, members are urgently requested to bring their specimen shells for donation to the March meeting or make arrangements with a Board member for either delivery or pickup. As in the past several years, the auction uill be held at the home of Marge and Hugh Bradner, Details and map uill appear in the April issue, THE GREATER SA^ DIEGB SCIENCE FAIR This is the Club's eighth year of participation in the Science Fair. On April 16 the Club Science Fair Committee, chaired by Anthony D'Attilio, uill give the Club auard to an upper division entr^t in the area of marine life. The uinner uill be invited to give a presentation to the Club at the June meeting at uhich time the Club prize uill be presented: a choice of one of the follouing three books, Barnes' Invertebrate Zoology , Raduin & D'Attilio's Murex Shells of the iilorld or Ricketts & Calvin's Betueen Pacific Tides, MEEDED: Club Botanical Foundation Representative who uill attend one evening meeting a month at the Casa Del Prado, (It is through the Botanical Foundation that ue meet uithout charge' in the Casa Del Prado), Contact Sandie Seckington at 462-9455 LIBRARY NOTE The tuo neu books listed belbu have been purchased by the Club and uill be available for circulation at the April meeting, A REUIElil UF THE TRIWIIDAE (Molluscs: Gastropoda) by Crauford Neill Cate, Memoir 10, San Diego Society of Natural History, June 20, 1979, 126 pp,, 41 pis,, 177 figs, HAliJAIIAN MARINE SHELLS Reef and Shore Fauna of Hauaii: Section 4. Molluscs by E, Alison Hay, Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, Hauaii, 653pp,, 195 figs. - FESTIVIS SEASTAR PREDATION ON MOLLUSKS in the SAN FELIPE BAY AREA BAJA CALIFORNIA , MEXICO Joyce Gemmell'Carole M.Hertz*Barbara W. Myers 24 SEASTAR PREDATIDIM ON MOLLUSHE IN THE SAN FELIPE BAY AREA, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO JOYCE GEMMELL, CAROLE M. HERTZ, BARBARA LJ. MYERS Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park P.D, Box 1390, Ban Diego, California 92112 ABSTRACT The mollusks taken from the stomachs of two species of seastars, Luidla (Petalaster ) Columbia (Gray, 1840) and Astropecten armatus Gray, 1840 uiere studied. The seastars were collected from the waters surrounding Consag Rock and San Felipe Bay, Baja California, Mexico, The purpose of this paper is to establish the widespread predation on mollusks in the San Felipe area by these two species of seastars. The identification of a number of these species of mollusks made a taxonomic review of the pertinent . lit erature necessary, INTRODUCTION Very little prior work has been done on seastar predation on mollusks in the northern Gulf of California, DuShane & Brennan (1969) reported the mollusks col- lected on a three day trawling expedition (June 27-29, 1969) off Consag Rock and adjacent areas, many of which were listed from seastars, Phillips (1970) in a limited study described the stomach contents of the seastar Luidia collected intertidally at Playa Almejas, eight miles north of San Felipe, Phillips was uncertain in his identification of the seastar and called it Luidia f oliolata Grubs, a species most often found from southeast Alaska to San Diego, California, San Felipe Bay, in the northwestern Gulf of California is a relatively shallow body of water with a sand and mud substrate (Fig, 1 ). It gradually slopes to a depth of 27 fathoms (49 meters) at a distance of 20 miles offshore, with few rocky out- croppings (Fig, 2), These rocky zones are completely exposed at low tide beyond which the bay consists of undulating sand bars and mud. The only major rocky area is at San Felipe Mt, on the north point of the bay and extending approximately ?.% miles to the town of San Felipe, At the south end of the bay (between Pta, Extrella and Pta, Diggs) is a Fig, 1, Map of San Felipe area I 25. 26 shelf of shelly limestone. Other rocky areas occur at the mouths of the arroyos belouj Pta,. Estrella as far south as Puertscltos. Comprehensive studies of uister temperature and salinity have not been done for this area as far as ue have been able to ascertain, Robinson (1973) gives sparse general information on water temperature for the northern Gulf but no information on salinity nor specific information on water temperature for the San Felipe area. According to Donald A, Thomson (1974) ”sea temperatures off San Felipe are still unavailable although the water on that side of the Gulf is considerably warmer than on the Sonoran side," BACKGROUND INFORMATION: LUIDIA (PETALASTER) COLUMBIA & A5TR0PECTEN ARMATUS Luidia (Petalaster ) Columbia Gray, 1B4D and Astropecten armatus Gray, 1840 are two primitive sand burrowing asteroids in which the tube feet, or podia, lack suckers. Instead they are painted and adapted for digging in mud or sand. Rock dwelling asteroids have suckers at the tip of the podia which enable them to cling to hard substrates (Barnes, 1973), These seastars are commonly trawled in the nets of the shrimp boats and are also found at minus tides on the mud flats in the San Felipe area. As the tide flats drain and begin to dry the seastars are outlined in the sand or mud. The color of both species ranges from tan to gray. The average size of the specimens examined is 170 mm for Luidia (Petalaster) Columbia and 190 mm for Astropecten armatus. Asteroids are mainly carnivorous, mey feed on mollusks, crustaceans, polychaetes, other echinoderms, fish, etc. In some species, the seastar is able to evert its stomach through its mouth, the stomach then engulfing the prey. Digestion may begin outside the body. In preying on oysters or clams, the seastar holds the gape of the bivalve against its mouth, then everts its stomach which can squeeze through a minute (0,1 mm) opening, and digestion begins (Barnes^ 1973), Astropecten and Luidia , however, do not evert their stomachs. The prey is swallowed whole and digested within the body. Shells and other indigestible material are then disgorged from the mouth (Barnes/ 1973), In this study we have listed the molluscan fauna found in the stomachs of these two seastars in the San Felipe area. Conclusions concerning the feeding habits and food preferences, percentages of invertebrates consumed, etc, are not within the scope of this project, Seastar feeding habits were studied by Hulings and Hemlay (1963), Among the seastars studied was a species of Astropecten and a species of Luidia. Gastropods accounted for 60% of the animals in the stomachs of Astropecten and only 2% of the contents of the stomachs of Luidia, Uells et, al, (1961) studied Astropecten articulatus and found that mollusks predominated the animals ingested; 73 species of mollusks were taken from a total of 91 invertebrates. Hunt (1925) also studied species of Astropecten and Luidia off the coast of England, Again mollusks were the most often ingested invertebrates for Astropecten and echinoderms for Luidia, Phillips (1970) recorded that he found no trace of echinoderms in his study of Luidia and listed mollusks as the predominant prey. In our study Luidia was the predominant seastar and mollusks were a significant portion of the stomach contents. The seastars were individually opened across the oral surface separating the plates along the ambulacral grooves. Since the stomach extends out into the rays it was necessary to flush the rays with water to obtain the specimens hidden there. The material collected was then sorted for mollusks. 27 Fig, 3a. Dorsal vieuj Fig. 3b. Ventral v/iew Luidia (Petalaster ) Columbia (Gray, 1840) A careful revieui of the literature was necessary in identifying the tujo species of seastars involved in this study and in resolving the taxonomic problems encountered. Luidia (Petalastei) Columbia (Gray, 1840) (Figs, 3a, 3b) Petalaster Columbia Gray, 1840. Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist. 6:183. Luidia (Petalaster!) brevispina (Lutken, 1871). Doderlein, 1920. Die Asteriden der Siboga Exp. Monog, 46b pp. 239, 253. Luidia Columbia (Gray, 1840), Clark, 1953, Bull, Brit, Mus, Zool, 1:381. Petalaster Columbia (Gray, 1840), Fell, 1963, Hoy, hoc, Lon, Phil, Trans. Ser, B, 246:433, Although Grby (1840) separated Petalaster Gray, in the same paper from Luidia Forbes, 1839, later uiorkers considered them congeneric and placed Petalaster in the synonomy of Luidia. Doderlein (1920) recognized Petalaster os a subgenus of Luidia , However, Doderlein's Luidia (Petalaster ) Columbia is a description of L, tessellata Lutken, 1851. Luidia (Petalaster ) brevispina Lutken, 1871 is a synonym of L, Columbia Gray, 1840, For clarification of the nomenclature see Clark Tl953) , Fell (1963) in an important paper "The Phylogeny of Seastars," discovered that the family Luidiidae was structurally different from other asteroids and that they are the most primitive living seastars. He re- moved Luidiidae from the order Phanerozonia and referred it to the order Platyasterida knouin only from Paleozoic fossils. He recognized Petalaster as a separate genus, but speculated that perhaps it should only have sub- generic status, Moore (1966) places Petalaster in the synonomy of Luidia . and states it moy have subgeneric status, Ue concur. Therefore we are following Doderlein (1920) and recognizing Petalaster as a subgenus of Luidia for this species. 2B Fig, 4a, Dorsal vieu Fig, 4b, V/entral view Astropecten armat us Gray, 1840 Ast ropecten armatus Gray, 1840 (Figs, 4a, 4b) Astropecten armatus Gray, 1840, Ann, & Mag, l^lat , Hist, 6:181,' Astropecten armatus Gray, 1840, Fisher, 1911, Bull. U.S.fM.M. 76, Pt . 1, p, 56; Pisher , 1930, Bull. U.S.IM.M. 76, ^Pt, 3, p, 189, Astropecten brasiliensis armatus Gray, 1840, Doherlein, 1917, Die Msteriden der Siboga Exp, Monog, 46a. pp, 84, 170; John, 1948, Oovitates Zool, 42:503; Hopkins and Crozier, 1966. ciull, S, Cal, Acad, Bci, 65:131, UJe are follouing Fisher (1930) in retaining Gray's original name for this species rather than making it a subspecies of an Atlantic form, in any case Gray's name has tmo years priority over Astropecten brasiliensis Muller and Troschel, 1842 COLLECTING STATIONS AND DATES The collecting for this study uas done from May 1968 through March 1974 by Joyce Gemmell, Seastars mere taken both intertidally and from shrimp trawlers in deep water. In the second instance the specimens were taken in shrimp nets. Dredges were never used. The majority of the specimens were collected by Joyce Gemmell from June 27-29, 1968 aboard the Chamizal I shrimp trawler The study area for this paper is from 31° 20'18" N. to 30°4lf N. and from 114017'36» Id. to 114°48' Id. See Fig. 2. The collecting stations given in DuShane & Brennan (1969) were not workable for mollusks collected from seastars since it was not possible to closely pinpoint the locations from which these ingested mollusks were collected. Lur stations A through D each encompass several of those of DuShane and Brennan and we have noted their station numbers in brackets. Station A [l-5l] is from 30O41' N. to 30O51*12" N, and from 114032' U. to 114°41' Id, This station includes an area from Punta Estrella south for a distance of 22 miles, approximately 3 miles offshore. The bottom is sandy throughout. Trawling was from 5 to 10 fathoms. Collecting date: 27 June 1968. 29, Station B lG-9] is from 31°D5» N, to 31°20'ia" IM. and from bJ, to 114O30'3D’^ liJ, This station folloujs a path from 2 miles southuest of Conssg Rock to an area B milss E(\1E of it, a distance of approximately IQ miles. The bottom is unknown. Many ‘ gorgonians were brought up with the seastars in the nets ; Collecting date: 28 Juns 1968. Station C is from 31°20*18" N, to 31°G2*3Q" N, and from 114°41' y, to 114°48’ y. This station runs from ^ mile to 5 miles off shore north of Punta San Felipe, The bottom varied from sand and mud to embedded rock rubble near Punts San Felipe, A few small rocks and a hydroid came up near Punta San Felipe, Trawling at this station was from 6 to 14 fathoms. Collecting date: 28 June 1968, Station D [12-16'] is from 31°12'12'* IM. to 31°12' (M. and from 114°17'36" hi, to 114°31'30" y. This station includes an area from approximately 5 miles south of Consag Rock to ID miles EIME of the rock. Trawling at this station was done in deeper water from about 11 to 21 fathoms. The bottom is sand and clay,. The least number of seastars came from this station. Collecting date: 29 June 1968, Station E is Radar Beach near Punta Estrella at the south end of San Felipe Bay, Collecting here was intertidal at a -5,0ft, low tide. Collecting date: 1 June 1969, Station F is Campo Uno on the south side of Punta San Felipe. Collecting here was intertidal at a -5,D ft, low tide. Collecting dates: 8-10 March 1974, Station G is San Felipe Bay, For this station there are a number of collecting dates and conditions which are detailed in the annotated list of species, FORMAT FDR THE AHIMQTATED LIST OF SPECIES The species collected are arranged systematically according to Keen (1971), Subgeneric classifications are omitted generally, being used only in discussions when their study was necessary for identification and under- standing the taxonomy, yhere the species have not been previously reported from the San Felipe area, range extensions are noted. Many of these will be treated fully, by the authors, in a larger work on mollusks from the San Felipe area now in preparation. Each listed species lot has a catalogue number, i.e. G-24S. The "G" refers to its number in the Gemmell collection which is presently housed as an entity in the Department of Marine Invertebrates of the San Diego Natural History Museum (S.D.N.H.M. ), The "S'* signifies that the specimens were taken from seastars in contrast to other specimens of the same species in the Gemmell collection. The entry for each species includes data on the number collected, sizes of specimens, dates collected and station numbers, Where further study was necessary, a discussion follows the pertinent colLecting information. For those entries not accompanied by a text figure or photograph, a figure reference is given. 3G RNIMOTATED LIST OF SPECIES BIUALUIA IMucula tiEnnucula) sp. Figure reference: text figure 5 Lot data: G-3365, 2 specimens each 6 mm long. Collecting data: Station C Discussion: bJe have placed this species in Ennucula Iredale, 1931 because the inner margin of the shell is smooth as op- posed to IMucula s.s, Ljhich has a crenulate inner margin. Fur ther uork is necessary to de- termine the species. Study material in the SDIMHM and LACM(IMH) was insufficinet for positive identification. Fig. 5. Right valve, IMucula (Ennucula) ap. size: 6 mm IMuculana costellata (Souerby, 1033) Figure reference: Keen #16 Lot data: G-337S, 8 specimens, 4.0 to 9,0 mm long. Collecting data: Station G, dredged by shrimpboat 2 miles offshore in sand and mud bottom in 50 ft,, 1 April 1973, Range: Keen (1971) lists the range for this species from Santa Inez Bay, Baja California to Colombia, The Gemmell specimens place the species in San F elipe Bay , IMuculana acrita (Dali, 1908) Figure reference: Keen #19 Lot data: G-338S, 2 specimens, 1,0 and 1,5 mm long. Collecting data: Station C Range: Keen (1971) reported this species from Punta Penasco, Sonora, Mexico to Panama, DuShane & Brennan (1969) extend the range of synonym IM. laeviradius (Filsbry & Lowe, 1932) to the San Felipe area, “ IMuculana impar (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932) Figure references: Pils. & Lowe (1932) pi. 17, figs. 3-i6; Keen (1971) color pi, 12, fig. 1. Lot data: G-339S, 7 juvenile specimens, 0,0 to 13,0 mm long. Collecting data: Station C Discussion: Pilsbry & Lowe (1932) illustrated a juvenile specimen and mentioned the thin, light grayish-olive periostracum, bJe noted this on the Gemmell specimens. Range: Keen (1971) gives Punta Penasco, Sonora, Mexico as the northern end of the range. DuShane & Brennan (1969) extend the range to the San Felipe area, Anadara multicost ata (Sowerby, 1033) Figure reference: Keen #90 Lot data: G-347S, 1 juvenile specimen 3 mm long. Collecting data: Station A Discussion: This juvenile from a seastar as well as other juveniles in the Gemmell collection has a brown periostracum; the adults in the collection have a brownish-black periostracum. 31 Glycymerls maculsta (Broderip, 1832) Figure reference: Heen #112 Lot data: G-352S, 3 juvenile specimens 5 mm long* Collecting data: Station G, dredged by shrimp- boat in 50 ft., 11 November 1971, Lioberus salvadoricus (Hertlein & Strong, 1946) Figure reference: Keen #135 Lot data: G-359S, 2 juvenile specimens 2»0 to 4,0 mm long and assorted valves. Collecting data: Station C Discussion: In the very juvenile (2 mm) specimen, the umbonal ridge which is prominent in the adult is barely visible, Hertlein & Strong in their original description state that the ex- terior of the shell is smooth. In their key for Wolsella (their subgenus for the species) they adti,- ’’shsll with fine, equal concentric lines of growth,” Keen (1971) states that the sculpture is of "raised concentric lines," The Gemmell specimens show no raised lines. Fig, 6. T riqoniocardia qranif era size: 11 mm Arqopecten circularls (Sowerby, 1635) Figure reference: Keen #102 Lot data: G-373S, 1 juvenile specimen 7 mm long. Collecting data: Station C, T rigoniocardia qranif era (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829) Figure reference: text figure 6. Lot data: G-405S, 7 juvenile speci- mens 2,.D to 11,0 mm long. Collecting data: Station A Discussion: On uneroded specimens as in Fig, 6, the nodes on the ribs have a sawtoothed appearance, T ivela arqentina (Sowerby, 1835) Figure references: text figure 7 and for exterior see Keen #384 Lot data: G-411S, 13 juvenile specimens 2,0 to 12,0 mm long. Collecting data: Station A Discussion: On the juvenile speci- mens the sinus is not well de- veloped, Fig, 7 shows the interior of the left valve with muscle scars and the pallial line Range: Keen (1971) listed the range from Puerto Penasco, Sonora, Mex, to Panama, The Gemmell specimens extend the range to the western 7^ Tivela arqentina side of the Gulf at San Felipe. interior of left valve r-, . , . ^ size:ll mm Pitar concinnus (Sowerby, 1835) Figure reference: Keen #413 Lot data: G-416S, 12 juvenile specimens 2,0 to 6,0 mm long. Collecting data: Station A 32 Meqapltarla squalida (Sowerby, 1035) Figure references; text figure 6 and Keen UkZ5 for adult Lot data:- G-417S, % juvenile epecimen 7,0 mm long. Collecting data: Station G, intertidal, -4.0 ft, low tide. 18-20 June 1970, Discussion: The juvenile shcujs a color pattern which is usually apparent only in the umbonal area of the adult , Chione qnidia (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829) Figure reference: Keen MU50 ' Lot data: G-424S, 14 juvenile specimens 2.0 to 14.0 mm long Collecting data: Station A Chione pulicaria (Broderip, 1835 Figure reference: Keen ;^455 Lot data: G-4255, 3 juvenile specimens 3,0 to 6,0 mm long Collecting data: Station A Chione mariae (Qrbigny, 1846) Figure reference: Keen #460 Lot data: G-426S, 2 juvenile specimens 3,0 to 7.0 mm long and one valve. Collecting data: Station A T ellina (Anqulus) amianta Dali, 1900 Figure references: text figure 9 and Keen #508 (exterior of shell) Lot data: G-452S, 12 juvenile specimens 3,0 to 7,0 mm long Collecting data: Station C Discussion: The interior view pictured in Fig, 9 shows a specimen lacking the strong right lateral tooth of Moerella Fischer, 1887, The Gemmell specimens have only a tubercle along the posterior end in the rioht valve aa in Anqulus Megerle Uon Muhlfeld, 1811, Thus, we sire following Keen (1971) and Boss (1966) and using the subgenus Anqulus . For a detailed description see Dlsson (1961) and Fig, 9, Tellina (Anqulus ) amianta Hertlein & Strong (1949), interior. size: 7.0 mm Tellina ulloana Hertlein, 1968 Figure references: text figures lOf IT and 12 Lot data: G-440S, 4 specimens, juvenile to adult, 3.0 to 9,0 mm long. Collecting data: Station A Discussion: T ellina ulloana has a complex nomenclatural history. Hertlein named T, ulloana in 1968 to correct the nomenclature. The description of this species by Hertlein & Strong appeared in 1949 under the name J[, proclivis . T, procli via was to be a replacement name for the Sowerby size: 20 mm 33 (1868) homonym Telllna decllvla. For further information see V/eliger Wol. 11(1): 80. Figure 10 shows the interior of both waives of T. ulloana . The grooved cardinal teeth, posterior in the right valve and anterior in the left, are identifying features of this small bivalve. Ue were confused by the original description (Hertlein & Strong, 1949 for _T. proclivis ) which stated the following: "...hinge of right vglve with two strong cardinals, the posterior one grooved, and two laterals, left valve with a strong grooved anterior and weaker posterior cardinal, the latter close to the margin, the posterior cardinal in each valve grooved..." The last seven words are contradictory. Range: Keen (1971) gives the range of this species as Magdalena Bay, Baja California to Panama* The Gemmell specimens extend the northward place- ment of the species to the San Felipe area. Fig, 10 X» ulloana interior of right and left valves showing the grooved cardinal teeth Macoma undulata (Hanley, 1844) Figure reference: Keen #559 Lot data: G-442S, 1 juvenile specimen 6,0 mm long Collecting data: Station D. Macoma elytrum Been, 1958 F i gure references: textfigures 13a, 13b and Keen (1958) p,254, pi. 30, Lot data: G-442AS, 1 juvenile specimen 10,0 mm long Collecting data: Station D Discussion: This species is similar to M, siligua (C.B. Adams, 1852) but comparison ulloana of the hinge teeth of botth species shows Fig, 11 T, ulloana interior of right valve showing lateral teeth and muscle scars. 34 n- Discussion: A distinguishing feature of this species is the rr-^diating lines on the anterior end. A similar species, S both ends, DuShane S Brennan (1969) extended the northern end of the range from Punta Penasco, Sonora, Mexico to the San Felipe area. Fig, 16, size : right Cumingia pacif ica 10 mm, left valve, exterior valve interior pacif ica has radiating lines on Semele pacif ica Dali, 1915 Figure reference: Keen color plate 13, fig. 6 Lot data: G-L62S, 5 juvenile specimens 6,0 to 10,0 mm long Collecting data:- Station B Discussion: This species has radiating lines on both the anterior and pos terior ends and the left and right valves are usually different in sculpture. Abra tepocana Dali, 1915 Figure reference: Keen U655 Lot data: G-L65S, 2 specimens 2,0 to 5,0 mm and 1 valve Collecting data: Station D Range: DuShane S Brennan (1969) extended the northern end of the range from Puerto Penasco to the San Felipe area, Cumingia pacif ica (Dali, 1915) Figure reference: text figure 16 Lot data: G-4G6A5, 1 juvenile specimen 10,0 mm long Collecting data: Station D 36 Corbula nasuta SauGrbv, 1833 Figure reference: Keen U 677 Lot data: G-474S, 15 specimens 3,D to 6.D mm long Collecting data: Station G, taken in shrimpboat nets in 25 ft., 15 May, 1968 Lot data; G-L74AS, 153 specimens 3,0 to 7,0 mm long Collecting data: Stations A,B,C,D Pandora (Pandorella) cornuta C,B, Adams, 1852 Figure referenceat text figure 17 and for adult see Gemmell (1975) FEGTIUUS UI(6) Lot data: G-482S, 2 .iuvenile specimens 4,0 and 11,0 mm long Collecting data: Station A Discussion: These specimens (and others in the Gemmell collection not from seastars) mere placed ih the subgenus Pandorella Conrad, 1863 because the specimens showed a lithodesma and a hinge with two' crural teeth. In the subqenus Pandora s,s. the lithodesma is Fig, 17, Pandora (Pandorella ) cornuta cabsent. In the figured specimen interior of 4,0 mm juvenile (Fig, 17) the hinge and teeth are not fully developed. Range; Keen (1971) gives the locality for this species as Panama, Gemmell (1975) places £, cornuta in the San Felipe area. Pandora sp. Lot data: G-4835, 11 juvenile specimens 8,0 to 11,0 mm long Collecting data: Station A Discussion: Further work is being done on this species and will be published at a later date, GASTROPODA Calliostoma marshalli Lowe, 1935 Figure reference: Keen ;/85 Lot data: G-16S, 1 juvenile specimen 4,2 mm wide Collecting data: Station A T urbo f luct U05US Wood, 1828 Figure references: text figures 18a, b,c Lot data: G-26S, 1 juvenile specimen 2.25 mm wide Collecting data: Station D, Discussion: The juvenile _T, f luctuosus shows some of the characteristics of the mature T, mazat lanica Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932 such as the open umbilicus, somewhat stellate early whorls, and granular operculum with a deep central pit. There is no umbilicus in the mature T_» f Ifactuosus and the whorls become more rounded on the periphery. The operculum develops a strong ridge on the perimeter lacking on 1[, mazatlanica. Figure 18a shows the stellate early whorls and the umbilicus of the 37 Fig, 18a. T. fluctuosus Fig. IBb. T, fluctuasus size: 2»25 mm uide, 2 vieus size: 9.D mm wide, 2 v/iewa Fig. 19. T riCDlia varieqata 2 specimens 3.7 and 5,0 mm long Fig, 2D. C. tricarinatus 3 views, 1.9 mm diameter juvenile. Figure 18b shows the closing of the umbilicus and the gradual rounding of the later whorls. Figure 18c illustrates the operculum of a juvenile specimen T ricolia varieqata (C?,rpenter, 1864) Figure reference: text figure 19 Lot data: G-27S, 27 specimens 3.5 to 5,0 mm long Collecting data: Station C Fig, 18c. operculum of T, fluctuosus size: 4.0 mm diameter, 2 views Cyclostremiscus tricarinatus (C.B, Adams, 1852) Figure reference: text figure 20 . . 4. Lot data: G-1055, 53 adult specimens between 1.0 and 2.0 mm in diameter. Collecting data: Station G, trawled on shrimpboat in 60 to 80 ft., 11 (Movember 1971 38. Discussion: The original description of this species follows, 'Shell subdiscoidal : uhite: uith three prominemt spiral keels, one on the periphery of the last uhorl, and one on each side of it, of which the upper one is visible on the spire; with some irregular transverse striae spirally striate within the umbilicus: apex subacute; spire convex, a little elevated: whorls three, depressed above and compressed below the keel, with a distinct suture: aperture oblique, orbicular, angulated by the keelsi umbilicus wide and deep,” Range: OuShane & Brennan (1969) noted this species'is San Felipe. T urritella anactor Berry, 1957 Figure reference: C.M, Hertz (1979) Lot data: G-39S, 1 juvenile specimen 25 mm long Gollecting data: Station D Elephantulum liratocinct urn Carpenter. ISS'^ Figure references: Keen (1968), S J. Hertz. (1979) Lot data: G-42AS, 15 specimens 1,8 to 4,D mm long Collecting data: Station A Discussion: lile have placed this species in the genus Elephantulum Carpenter, 1857 instead of Elaphantansllum Bartsch, 192D. In examining the Gemmell specimens and those in the SDIMHM collection we determined th^ the annulations were an inconsistent feature, De agree with Abbott (1974) and J, Hertz (1979) and consider Elephantanellum a synonym of Elephantulum, Range : Keen TT971) lists the range as "Bah £a San Luis Gonzaga, Gulf of California to Panama." The Gemmell specimens place the species at San Felipe. Alsha supralirata Carpenter, 1657 Figure references: text figure 21 and Keen U 562 for adult specimen Lot data: G-56AS, 21 specimens from 2,0 to 4,.0 mm long Collecting data: Station A Discussion: Examination of the nucleus of this species easily distinguishes it from jeanett ae Bartsch, 1910, _A, supralirat a has 4 nuclear whorls, the first smooth, the rest axially ribbed, _A, jeanett ae with 4 nuclear whorls has faint axial threads apparent only at the summit of the whorls. See 0, Hertz (1978). Alabina excurvata (Carpenter, 1857) Figure reference: text figure 22 Lot data: G-57S, approximately 100 specimens 2,0 to 4,5 mm in length Collecting data:. Station A Discussion: The Gemmell specimens show the variability seen in the original Carpenter drawings [Brann (1966) pi, 39, fig, 41^ In Keen (1971) the original Bartsch (1911) drawing for jA, diomedeae. a synonym of _A. excurvata is used, Epitonium walkerianum Hertlein & S'trong, 1951 Figure reference; Keen ;^631 Lot data: G-70S, 2 juvenile specimens -2*8 and 4,0 mm long Collecting data: Station A Fig, 21, Alaba supralirata size; 4,0 mm long 39 Balcis sp. Figure reference: text figure 23 Lot date: G-B2AS, 16 specimens 1,5 tc 5,D mm in length Gollecting data: Station G, intertidal, -4,0 to -6,0 ft, lou tides, 11-13 May 1972, Discussion: These specimens are distinctive by reason of the broun spots. These spots are consistent on the outer lip and appear on the suture at irregular intervals. Other Gemmell specimens not from seastar stomachs uere also studied and found consistent with the specimens from seastars, Balcis sp. Figure reference: text figure 24, Lot data: G-B2BS, 14 specimens 3,0 to 9,0 mm long tTollecting data: Station G, trawled by shrimpboat, Lot data: G-82S, 41 specimens 3,8 to 10,0 mm long Collecting data: Station G, in 60 to 30 ft in shrimp nets, 11 l^ovember 1971 Discussion: This species is distinctive in having a swelling inside on the posterior portion of the outer lip, (Metica broderipiana Re^luz, 1844 r igure references: Marincovich (1977) and text figure 25 Lot data: G-llOAS, 4 juvenile specimens 5,0 to 9,0 mm in diameter Collecting data: Station D 3-4 March 1972, Fig, 24, Balcis sp, size: 7,0 mm long Fig, 22, rtlebina excurvata Fig, 23, Balcis sp, size: 2,0 mm long size: 5,Q mm long Fig, 25, operculum of f\lat ica broderipiana 40 Lot data: G-1105, 1 juvenile specimen 4,0 mm in diameter Collecting data: Station F Discussion: To determine the species ue found the operculum (Fig, 25) the distinctive characteristic. The other shell patterning of the mature [M, broderipiana uas not apparent on these juveniles. For comparison of N, broderipiana and elenae Recluz, 1844 see Marincovich (1977), Polinices uber (Walenciennes , 1832) Figure reference: Keen #882 Lot data: G-120S, 8 juvenile specimens 2,5 to 10,0 mm in diameter Collecting data: Station A Polinices recluzianus (Deshayes, 1839) Figure reference: Keen #888 Lot data: G-119S, 8 juvenile specimens 2,0 to 8,0 mm in diameter Collecting data: Station D Muricopsis zeteki Hertlein R Strong, 1951 Figure reference: Keen #1007 Lot data: G-143S, 1 juvenile specimen 9,5 mm in length Collecting data: Station A Range: Keen (1971) lists the range of this ppecies from "Puertecitos near the head of the Gulf, to Gu'-^yaquil, Ecuador," The Gemmell specimen extends the range north approxlm^.tely 50 miles to San Felipe, (The Gemmell collection includes other M, zeteki from San Felipe to better ’ substantiate the range). Eupleura muricif ormjg (Broderip, 1833) Figure reference: text figure 26 Lot data: G-144S, 3 juvenile specimens 5,8 to 7,5 mm long Collecting data: St-’tion D Solenosteira macrospira Berry, 1957 Figure reference: Keen '/1121 Lot data: G-165S, 6 juvenile specimens 5,0 to 14,0 mm long Collecting data: St ’tion A Discussion: Approximately 35 minute Solenosteira from 2,0 to 3,0 mm uere t. specimens iken from the seastars, Ce could not definitly de- termine if they were S, macrospira or S^ caoi taneus Berry, 1957 because the adult sculpture hadn't developed and the periostracum, a differentiating characteristic, is absent, Hoiuever, they appear the same as those specimens we removed from ^ macrospira egg capsules. Fig, 26, Eupleura muricif ormis . 2 left, 5,8 mm; right, 6,0 mm Phos qaudens Hinds, 1344 Figure references: text figures 27, 28, and 29 Lot data: G-156S, 6 juvenile specimens 2,0 to 11,2 mm in length Collecting data: Station D Discussion: The Gemmell specimens show 4 nuclear whorls which clarify that 41 Fig, 27, Phos qaudens size: 3,0 mm Fig, 28, Protoconch of P, qaudens (same specimen as in Fig, 27.) they are Phos qaudens and net _P, deganira (Dali, 19T9) ijhich has 3 nuclear uhorls, Sange: DuShane & Brennan (1969) extended the northern range from the ''Southern end of the Gulf of California Escondido Bay" (Keen, 1971) to San Felipe, Anachis waria (Souerby, 1832) Figure reference: Keen ;^'1195 Lot data: G-169S, 6 specimens 7,G to 10,0 mm long Collecting data: Station B Cosmioconcha palmeri (Dali, 1913) Figure reference: Keen //1217 Lot data: G-1715, 5 specimens (3 juveniles & 2 adults) 2,0 to 18,0 mm long Collecting data: Station A Oassarina helenae Keen, 1971 Figure references: text figures 30 & 31 Lot data: G-182S, 3 specimens 7,0 to 10,0 mm long Collecting data: Station A Discussion: liJe are calling the Gemmell specimens [\l, helenae because our specimens match the figure ^ ^ Fig, 29, Phos qaudens adult minus protoconch size: 11.5 mm long 42 in Keen (1971), HauevBr the specimans uie studied varied considerably from the original description. The range of variation included 2)^ to 3)^ nuclear uhorls and from 5 to 7 uhorls on the teleoconch, We found the sculpture to be beaded and not reticulate. From our study LIB find that the species does not fit into the subgenus Cigclirina as defined by Ldoodring (!l92B), Zanassarina anit ae (Campbell, 1961) Fiaure references: text figures ^32-35, Lot data: G~184S, 8 specimens 3,0 to 9,0 mm long Collecting data: Station D Discussion: lile have placed this species in Zanassarina although our eight specimens shoLj 3)^ nuclear uhorls in- stead of the 2)^ to 3 in the description of the genus (Pilsbry & Loue, 1932), (Fig. 32), The holotype of Zanassarina' anitae, Stanford University Paleontological Type Collection Oo , 8530, (Fig, 33) has a broken proto- conch, 4 paratype ''/TS407 in the SDOHM collection shous 3)^ nuclear uhorls, Campbell (1961) in his original description states, "the siphonal canal is not differentiated," The drauing of the canal of the Gemmell specimen (Fig, 34) as uell as the holotype (Fig, 33) clearly shou a short, uell- defined canal. It may be added, to the original de- scription, that uhen the callus of the inner lip is thickened, the ueak columellar ^ plications are completely obscured, (Figs 34 S 35), Fig, 30, Protoconch l\l, helenae 32, Drauing of protoconch of Z, anitae Fig, 31, U, helenae size: 10,0 mm long Fig, 33, Holotype of Z_, anitae size: 10,0 mm long 43 Fig, 35, Z, gnitpe size: 9.0 mm long Stromb ina qibberula (Sawerby, 1S32) Figure reference: te»t figure 3S Lot data: G-181S, 12 specimens 6,0 tc 12.0 mm long Collecting data: Station D IMassarius gu-aymasensis (OilsbryS Loue, 1932) Figure reference: Keen //1302 Lot data: G-190AS, 1 dead specimen uith broken nucleus Collecting data: Station G, dredged by Gemmell boat in 24 ft. Lot data: G-19DS, 3 specimens 9,0 tO 13,0 mm long Collecting data: Station C Range: DuShane & Orennan (1969) noted this species in San Felipe, IMassarius paqodus (Reeve, 1844) Figure reference: text figure 37 Lot data: G-189S, 3 juvenile specimens 5.0 to 9,5 mm long Collecting data: Station 4 Discussion: Keen's (1971) figure ,#1309 is the Reeve illustration of T riton pagodus (pi, 20, fig. 97) shouing a dark brown, handed specimen. In Fig, 36, St rombina qibberul size: 12.0 mm long Fig, 37, Massarius pi’qodus size: 9,5 mm long 44. studying numerous lots of J\l, paqodus in the SDNHM collection uie have observed a uide variability of color, generally ranging from cream- colored, unbended in the Gulf of California to darkly banded specimens from Panama to Costa Rica. Light colored unbanded specimens occasionally appear in the Panama specimens as uell as darker specimens in the Gulf, especially from Guaymas, Uithin lots in the SDIVHM there is variatoility in the number of ribs on the body uihorl. For example, in lot from Panama the number of ribs varied from 8 to 11 and in lot ft- 51890 from Guaymas the ribs on the body uhorl varied from 7 to 10, liJe believe the Type of IMassa paqodus acuta Carpenter, 1857 figured in Keen (1968) plate 58, fig. 61 falls uithing the range of variability for (Massarius paqodus (Reeve, 1844), Massarius t aeniolatus (Philippi, 1845) Figure reference: Keen ^'1313 Lot data: G-195S, 51 specimens 2,0 to 5,0 mm long Collecting data: Stations: A,B,C,D Lot data: G-195AS, 7 specimens 2,0 to 5,0 mm long Collecting data: Station G, trauled on shrimpboat from 60 to 80 ft,, 11 November 1971 Range: DuShane & Brennan (1969) noted the species in San Felipe, Nassarius iodes (Dali, 1917) Figure reference: Keen ^1318 Lot data: G-197S, 12 specimens 2.0 to 8,0 mm long Collecting data: Station A Dlivella undatella Lamarck, 1811 (Date fide Sherborn, p, 6725) Figure reference: Keen ^“1367 Lot data: G-2DS5, 1 specimen 9,0 mm long Collecting data: Station A Dlivella f letcherae Berry, 1958 Figure reference: text figure 38 Lot data: G-214S, 15 adult specimens 5,0 to 8,0 mm long Collecting data: Station A Range: DuShane & Brannan (1969) noted this species in San Felipe, Dlivella zanoeta (Duclos, 1835) Figure references: Dlsson, 1956 and Keen, color plate XUII, fig, 4 Lot data: G-217S, 19 juvenile specimens 3,8 to 7.0 mm long Collecting data: Stations A & C Discussion: The juvenile Gemmell specimens under 5.0 mm are white and show no banding. Conus ximines Gray, 1039 Figure reference: Keen //1517 Lot data: G-225S, 3 juvenile specimens 9,3 to 13.0 mm long Collecting data: Station A Fig, 38, 0. f letcherae size: 6,8 mm long fig, 39a T erebra pet i veri ana fig. 39b specimen ventral vieuj, 5,n mm long specimen dorsal vieui, 5^0 mm long wV 'V.>_ AjA"' T erebra peti veriana Deshayes, 1857 Figure references; text figures 39a,b & hO Lot data: G-23DS, 35 juvenile specimens 4,5 to 12,2 mm long Collecting data; Stntions 9 & C Discussion: Bratcher (1979) states that the species previously knouin as T» qlauca Hinds, 1844 should be c“=lled T_. petiverinna Deshayes, 1657. She states that Tj, petiveri ana has tuo columellar foldsj T, glauca has none. For the pur- pose of this paper ujb are using T_. petiveriana provisionally -ilthough this taxonomic change is not clear to us at this time. Since it is difficult to de- termine the differences from her figures, me are aLiaiting e paratype, Hy lix sp. Figure reference: text figure 41 Lot data: G-2445, 6 specimens 6.G to ID.D mm long Collecting data: Station C Discussion: These juvenile specimens resemble both jj, ianthe (Dali, 1919) and H. hecub a (Dali, 1919), They are glossy white uith no trr'Ce.of the pink tint usually associated mith hecuba nor the "touches of brown" found on K, ianthe . V/ery faint spiral lines begin to appear on the fifth whorl. The characteristic sculpture of the adult hecuba or K, ianthe is not ■'po'^rent. Fig, 41, Hylix sp, size; 9.0 mm long 46 Globidrill ia micans (Hinds, 1843) Figure reference: Keen Let data: G-247S, 9 adult specimens 6,0 to 9.7 mm long Collecting data: Station A Miraclathurella bicanalif era (Souerby, 1834) Figure reference: Keen //1719 Lot data: G-249S, 1 specimen 21,0 mm long with adult lip Collecting data: Station D Range: DuShane & Brennan (1969) extended the northern end of the range from San Luis Gonzaga Bay, Gulf of California (Keen, 1971) to San Felipe. 6ompsodrillia albonodosa (Carpenter, 1857) Figure reference: been ;;1733 Lot data: G-271S, 1 juvenile specimen 8.0 mm long Collecting data: Station A Compsodrillia alcestis (Dali, 1919) Figure reference: text figure 42 Lot data: G-271AS, 1 juvenile specimen 5,0 mm long Collecting data: Station A Discussion: The illustration of the juvenile (Fig, 42) shoujs a protoconch of three nuclear uhorls, with the first uhorl of the teleoconch keeled. The sculpture is developed on the subseguent mhorls, DuShane 8. Brennan (1969) extended the northern range from Guaymas to the San Felipe area, burtziella antiochroa (Pilsbry & Loue, 1932) Figure references: Keen ;71768 and Pils. & Loue 1932 Lot data: G-267S, & juvenile specimens 3,0 mm and 4,0 long , Collecting data: Station D Discussion; To identify these immature Gemmell speci- mens, ue compared them with the paratypes of antiochroa (TS555) in the SDIMHM collection. The nucleus of 1)^ smooth whorls followed by a rounded whorl with axial riblets and spiral threads were consistent features of our juveniles and the para- types of K.. antiochroa. In studying the original reference for _K, antiochroa we noted the similarity between our specimens and K, cymatias Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932 (pi. 3, fig, ID). Ue then compared the paratypes of both species ( TS 554 and TS 555) and SDIMHM lot #22335 of K, cymatias from Puerto Penasco, Sonora, Mexico, After examining all lots we concur with McLean in Keen (1971) that K, cymatias is a synonym of _K, antiochroa. Fig.. 42, C, alcestis size: 5,0 mm long Fig, 43. K, cyrene size : Kurtziella powelli Shasky, 1971 Figure reference: Keen #1790 Lot data: G-266S, 13 specimens 2.0 to 5.0 mm long Collecting data: Station D Kurtziella cyrene (Dali, 1919) Figure reference: text figure 43 47 Hurtzia arteaqa (Dali & Bartsch, 1910) Figure reference: text figure 44 is a rsproductign of a Dali & Bartsch (1910) drauing. Lot data: G-263S, 42 specimens 1,5 to 6,3 mm long Collecting data: Stations A & C Pyrgocythara emersoni Shasky, 1971 Figure reference: Keen //1B26 Lot data: G-2S3AS, 2 adult specimens 7,0 mm long Collecting data: Station E Pyrgocythara phaethusa (Dali, 1919) Figure reference: text figure 45 Lot data: G-273S, 5 adult specimens 3,G to 6,0 mm long Collecting data: Station G, trauled by shrimp boat in Fig, 44, _K, arteaqa 30 ft,, 5 May 1970 Range: McLean in Keen (1971) giues the range as La Libertad, ^enora to the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico, The Gemmell specimens place this species in San Felipe in the northuest ern Gulf of California, Pyramidella adamsi Carpenter, 1lS64 Figure reference: Keen T1S77 Lot data: G-275-S, 1 juvenile specimen 6,0 mm long Collectino date: Station B Fig, 45, P, phaethusa size: 4,0 mm long Fin, 46, T. sealei size: 6,9 mm long Fig. 47, U, panamic~ size: 3,9 mm long T urbonil la sealei Straing 8> Hertlein, 1939 Figure reference: text figure 46 Lot data: G-306S, 30 adult sfiecimens 3.0 to 6,5 mm long dDllectinq data: Station B ^ „ Range: Keen (1971) lists this species from BahT-: Honda, r-ann^-’me. ^ tie place the species at San Felipe in the nnrthujest .’rn Gulf of California. V/olvulella cylindrica (C .rpentcr, 1B64) Figure reference: Keen -,2250 Lot data: G-207S, 18 specimens 2,5 to 5,0 mm long Collecting d-^ts: Station G, trauled on shrimpboat from 60 to 80 ft,, 11 November 1971 48 V/olvulella panamica Dali, 1919 Figure reference: text figure 47 Lot data: G-294S, 16 specimens 3,0 to 4,5 mm long Collecting data: Station B, trawled by shrimpboat from 50 ft,, 1 April 1973 Acteocina anqustior Baker & Hanna, 1927 Figure reference: Keen U2251 Lot data: G-290S, 8 adult specimens 4,0 to 6,0 mm long Collecting data: Stations B & C Acteocina carinata (Carpenter, 1857) Figure reference: text figure 48 Lot data: G-291S, 2 adult specimens 2,2 and 3,1 mm long Collecting data: Station C Discussion: In our study of this species we observed the "double Carina at the shoulder" stated but not shown in Keen (1971), However, this feature is not men- tioned or shown in the Carpenter (1857) original description or in his original figure Tablet 784 (Brann, 1966), It is not apparent either in Keen (1968), Fig, 48, Acteocina carinata detail of spiire and carina Cylichnella inculta (Gould, 1855) Figure reference: Keen ii2253 Lot data: G-299S, 3 specimens 2,.C to 3,G mm long Collecting data: Station C Discussion: Cylichnella inculta was originally described by Gould in Blake (1855) as Sulla (Tornatina) inculta. This species has been erroneously credited as Gould'J 185^ (Gosliner, 1979); Gould, 1856 (Marcus, 1977); Gould & Carpenter, 1857 (Keen, 1971); Gould, 1856 (Dldroyd, 1927), We have included Gould's original description from this obscure publication, "Testa minuta, solidula eburnea elongato-ovalis , ICingit udinaliter minutessime striata; spira elevata; anfractibus quatuor tabulatis; apertura linearis, octantes, septem longitudines testae adequans, antice dilatata, postice rotundata; labro incurvato; columella satis arcuata, callossa uniplicata. Shell minute, solid, ivory white, elongated-oval, minutely striated longitudinally; spire elevated, consisting of about four tabulated whorls. Aperture about seven-eighths the length of the shell, not attaining the end of the outer whorl, linear, constricted at the middle and somewhat dilated anteriorly, posterior angle rounded; pillar modfeirately arcuate, usually presenting a well marked fold at the anterior fourth and well coated with enamel," The generic change from Acteocina in Keen (1971) to Cylichnella given here was based on anatomical studies by Gosliner (1979), Cylichnella taboqaensis Strong & Hertlein, 1939 Figure references: text figure 49, and Strang & Hertlein (1939) Lot data; G-304S, 108 specimens from 1,2 to 3,0 mm long Collecting data; Station A Lot data: G-304AS, 72 specimens from 1,0 to 3,2 mm long Collecting data: Station G, trawled on shrimpboat from 60 to 80 ft,, 11 November 1971 Range: Keen (1971) lists this species from Panama, Taboga Island, Panama is the type locality. The Gemmell specimens place the species in the 49 Fig. 49. C. taboqaensis size: 2.6 mm long Fig. 5D. uentalium sp. Fig, 51, C, perpusillus size; 6,0 mm long size: 8,0 mm long northuestern Gulf of California at San Felipe, SCmPHAPDDA Dentalium sp. Figure reference: text figure 50 Lot data: G-495S, 3 specimens 7,0 to 12,0 mm long Collecting data: Station A Discussion: These specimens were too juvenile to identify. Dentalium quadrangulare Souerby, 1832 Figure reference: Keen rii^lO Lot data: G-498S, 1 partial specimen Collecting data: Station A Cadulus perpusillus (Souerby, 1832) Figure reference: text figure 51 Lot data: G-497S, 22 adult specimens 5,0 to 9,0 mm long Collecting data: Station G, trawled on shrimpboat from 60-80 ft., 11 IMovember 1971 CGOCLUDll^G REMARKS In our study we found 83 species of mollusks ingested by the seastars Luidia Columbia and Astropecten armat us . 51 of these species were gastro- pods, 29 bivalves, and 3 were scaphopods. Of the 29 bivalve species collected we were unable to identify 3 species, 21 were juvenile, 4 were adult, and in 2 species both juveniles and adults were ingested. Of the 51 species of gastropods listed we were unable to identify 3 species, 12 were juvenile, 11 were adult and in 17 species both adults ^nd juveniles wiere ingested . 50 The high percentage of juveniles, some extremely young, made identi- fication difficult. Some of the distinguishing charactarist ics of the adults are not in evidence in the very young shells. For this reason our observations of various species differ in some respects from the original descriptions. a of the species collected uere range extensions. The species for ujhich range extensions are given are listed as follows; IMuculana CDstellata, Tivela arqentina. Tellina ulloana, Elephantulum liratocinctum. Muricopsis zeteki, Py rgocythara phaethusa , T urbon ilia sealei , Cy 1 ichnella taboqaensis . Our data infers that where mollusks are available they provide a significant portion of the diet of two seastar species. ARTISTIC CREDITS The following is a list of artists’ names and the appropriate figure numbers of their drawings and photographs. D'Attilio, Anthony: ID, 11, Draper, Bert: 20, 24, 29, 38, 43, 46, 47, 49, 51, Gemmell, Joyce: Cover design, 13a, 13b, 17, 18a, 18b, 18c, 32, 34, 42, 48. Mulliner, David K,: 8, 9, 12, 14, 16, 19, 22, 23, 26, 27, 39b, 40, 45, 50. Myers, Barbara W,: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5, 6, 7, 15, 36, 37, 41, 21, 25, 30, 28, 31, 35, 39a, ACKOGliJLEDGMEfMTS During the preparation of this report we have had the enthusiastic support of Dr, Hans Bertsch, curator of the Department of Marine Invertebrates in the San Diego Natural History Museum, His assistance in finding work space for us and housing the Gemmell collection is most greatfully acknowledged, liie wish to thank Jules Hertz who had the initial idea for the project and who encouraged us to begin work on these small mollusks; also for his additional suggestions, support, and editorial review of the manuscript, iile especially thank Anthony D'Attilio, our constant mentor, under whose guidance the project gained momentum and scope and who was always ready to offer support and encouragement, We also thank him for his critical review of the text, A special thanks to David K, Mulliner, FEGTIUUS staff photo- grapher, without whose willing assistance the illustration of the majority of the minute specimens would not have been possible, Ue would like to thank Mr. Bert Draper for allowing us to use his fine photographs, Mrs, Judy Dyer and Mrs, Carol Barsi, Museum librarians, greatly aided us in locating numerous older works needed in our study and we thank them for their help. We appreciate the help of Dr, James H, McLean, Mr, G-le Sphon and Mr, Patrick LaFollette of the Los Angeles County Museum for making their collection available to us. LITERnTURE CITED Abbott, R, Tucker, 1974, American Seashells, second Edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 663 pp. 24 pis, Adams, C.B. 1852, Catalogue of shells collected at Panama, with notes on synonymy, station and habitat, Ann, Lyceum Nat. Hist, New York, Vol, 5:229-549, (Reprint Edition Vol, 5:334 pp.). 51, Baker, Fred and G, Dallas Hanna, 1927, Marine Mollusca of the Order Dpiethobranchiata, Proc, Cal, Acad, Sci, Ser. 4, \Jal, 16(5):123- 135. pi, 4, Barnes, Robert D. 1974, Invertebrate Zoology, Third Edition, U.B. Saunders Co, 870 pp, Bartsch, Paul, 1910, The UJest American mollusks of the genus Alaba. Proc, U.S.N.M. Uol, 39(1781):153-156, 4 figs. 1911, The Recent and fossil mollusks of the genus Alabins from the west coast of America, Proc, U.S.IM.M. V/ol, 39(1790^:409-418, 2 pis. 13 figs, 1920, The Csecidae and other marine mollusks from the northwest coast of America, Jour, bJssh, Acad. Sci, Uol, 10(20) : 565-572 , 1928, Neu) marine mollusks from Ecuador. Oour. UJash, Acad, Sci, Uol, 18:66-75, 16 figs. Berry, S, Stillman, 1957. [\iotices of neu eastern Pacific Mol'usca, — I. Leaflets in Malacol. vol. 1, (14); 78, 1958. Notices of neuj eastern Pacific Mollusca. — II. Leaflets in Malacol. vol. 1, (15):85. Blake, biilliam P, 1855, Description of the Fossils and Shells collected in California. Appendix to the Preliminary Geological Report of lililliam P, Blake, in Explorations and Surveys for a railroad route,,, iijashington , D.C., U.S., House of Representatives, Doc. 129. 33rd Congress, 1st session. irt, 2:22-26. A. -i. Gould. Catalogue of Shells coll cted in California by LJ.P. Blake, with descriptions of the new species. Boss, Kenneth J, 1966, The subfamily Tellininae in the western Atlantic. Parts I and II, Johnsonia. V/ol. 4(45 & 46):217-344, pis. 127-163, Brann, Doris, C, 1966, Illustrations to "Catalogue of the collection.., by Philip P, Carpenter." Paleo, Res, Inst, Ithaca, (\1.Y. lllpp, 56 pis, Bratcher, Twila, 1979, Taxonomic changes in eastern Pacific Terebridae, with the description of a new species, Ueliger, Wol, 22(l):61-64. 12 figs, Broderip, w. S. 1332. Characters of new sp-cies of ^■'‘0llusc3 and Conchifers collected by Mr. Cuming. Proc. Zo,l. Soc. London for 1832. pp. 124-126. 1335. Characters of new genera and species of Mollusca and Conchifera collected by Mr. Cuming. Proc. Zocl. Soc. London for 1335. pp. 41-47. Broderip, iii.J. and G.B. Sowerby. 1329. Lbservations on new or interesting liollusca contained, for the most part, in the Museum of the Zoological bociety. Zool. Jour. London. vol. 4:359-379. Campbell, Bruce. 1961. Four new Pnnnmic qastro'.'ods. V/eliqer. vol. 4(1): 26-26. 1 pi. Carpenter, ahilip P. 1B5S. De-'cription of new species of shells collected by Pr. T. Bridges in the Bay of Panama and its vicinity, in the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq. Proc. Zocil. Soc. London, for 1355, pp. 159-166. 1857. Catalogue of the collection of Mnzatl m shells in the British Museum: collected by Frederick Reigen. Reprinted, Paleo Res. Inst, Ithaca , N . Y, 1967 . 552 pp . 18643, Diagnoses of new forms of inollusks collected at Cape .-.t, Lucas, Lower Calfornia loy Mr. B. Xantus. nn. . -’c. Hat, Hist, ser. a, vol l.>, pj>. all — --'la. 1864b. ...upplementL ry report on the present st te rf our knoii'lerige with reg rd to the Mollusc j of the u.^est co st .jf f:Drth .jiericu. Rep. Brit ,ssdc. -,dv. Bci. for 1363, pp. 517->Mju. 52 Clark, Ailss M, 1953. IMotes on AsterDids in the British Museum ([\i,H,). Bull. Brit. Mus. Zdo1», 1:379-412. 6 pis. Conrad, T. A. 1863. Proc. Acad. Nat. Bci. Philadelphia for 1862. p. 572. (not seen). Dali, Ulilliam Healey. 1900. Synopsis of the family Tellinidae and of the North American Species. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 23(1210): 235-326, pis. 2-4. 1908. Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the uest coast of Mexico and in the Gulf of Calif ornia ,. ,XIVy . The Mollusca and Brachiopoda. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. 43 (6 ): 205-487 . pis. 1-22. 1913. Diaonoses of ne'ii shells from the Pacific Ocean, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 45(2002) :587-597. 1915. Notes on the Semelidae of the uest coast of America, including some new species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phils, vol, 67:25-28, 1917. Summary of the mollusks of the family Alectrionidae of the west coast of America. Proc. U.S, Nat, Mus, vol. 51 (2166 ): 575-579 . 1919a. Descriptions of new species of mollusks of the family Turritidi^e from the west coast of .america and adjacent regions. Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus. vol, 56(2288) : 1-36, 24 pis, 1919b.. Descriptions of new species of Mollusca from the north F’jcific Ucean in the collection of the United States National Museum, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. vol. 56(2295) :293-371. Dali, Uilliam Healey and Paul Bartsch, 19D9. monograph of lilest American PyrarnidBllid mollusks. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 68:1-258, 3U pis, 191D. New species of shells collected by Mr, John Macoun at Barkley Sound. . .British Uolumbia. Canada Dept, of Mines, Geol. Surv. Br:,nch Mem. 14-N:5-22. 2 pis. Deshayes, G.P. 1839. Nouvelles espec e s de mollusques, provenant des cotes de la Csjlifornie, du Mexique ., .Revue zoologique, par la Societe Cuvierienne, vol. 2:356-361. (plates in Magasin de Zool.: 184U, pis 12-2U; 1341, pis 25-30, 34-38). 1857. Description d'especes nouvelles du genre Terebrs. Jour. Conch, vol. 6, pp. 65-1U2, pis 3-5. Doderlein, Luduig. 1917. Die Asteriden der Siboga Expedition, Die Gottung Astropecten und Stammesgeschichte, Monog,46a, 191 pp. 17 pis. 1920, Die Asteriden der Siboga Expedition. Die Gottung Luidia. Monog, 46b. pp. 193-293. pis. 16-20, ~ Duclos, F. L. 1835. Histoire naturelle. . .pts. 1-2. pis 1-12 (not seen) DuShane, Helen and Ellen Brennan. 1969. A preliminary survey of mollusks for Consog Rock amd adjacent areas. Gulf of California, Mexico, Ueliger. vol. 11 (4 ): 351-363 . 1 map. Fell, H. B. 1963. The Phylogeny of sea-stars. Roy. Boc. London. Phil. Tr ns. Ser. B. 246:331-435. Fischer, Paul. 1380-1887. Manuel de Conchyliologie . . . Paris. 1369 pp. 1138 text figs. Fisher, lilalter K. 1911. usteroidea of the north Pacific and adjacent uaters. Pt, 1. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 76. 419 pp. 122 pis. 1930. Asteroidea of the north Pacific and adjacent uj-aters. Pt. 3. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus, vol. 76. 355 pp. 93 pis. •Forbes, Edward, 1839. On the Asteriadae of the" Irish Sea, Mem. Wernerian Soc, Edinburgh. 8(1 ): 114-129. 2 pis. (not seen). Gemmell, Joyce. 1969. Dredging by shrimpboat. I'Jeujs w. r.ssoc. Shell Clubs. (S.D. :.hell Club), vol. 1U(4):15-17. 1975, Shrimpboat shelling, Festivus, vol. 6(6): 34-35. 1 pi. 53 Gosliner, Terrence. 1979, A reviBUJ of the systematics of Cylichnella Gabb (Opisthcbranchia: Scaphandridae”) . Nautilus vol. 93(2-3) ;a5-92. Gould, A. A. 1853, Descriptions cf shells from the Gulf of California and the Pacific coasts of Mexico and California, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. v/ol. 6. pp. 374-406. pis 14-16, 1855. See Blake, liJ. P, Gould, A, A, and P.P, Carpenter, 1856, Descriptions of shells from the Gulf of California and the Pacific coasts of Mexico and California, Pt. II. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt, 24, pp. 198-208, Gray, John E, 1839, Molluscous animals and their shells. In F. U. Beechey, The zoology of Capt, Beechey's voyage.,, to the Pacific and Behring's Straits in his Majesty's ship Blossom, ,, London , pp, 103-155, pis 33-44. (not seen), 1840. A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias, Linnaeus), Ann, S Mag, Nat, Hist, 6:175-184, Hanley, Sylvanus, 1844. Descriptions of new species of the genus T ellina chiefly collected by H. Cuming, Esq,, in the Philippine Islands and Central America. Proc. Zool, Soc. London, vol. 13. pp. 68-72, 1845. Descriptions of six new species of Donax in the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq, Proc, Zool. Soc. London, vol, 13, pp. 14-16. Hertlein, Leo G. and A, M. Strong, 1940-1951. Eastern Pacific Expeditions of the New York Zoological Society, Mollusks from the west coast of Mexico and Central America. Parts I-X. Zoologica. New York. Hertlein, Leo G. 1968, Tellina ulloana, a new species from Magdalena Bay, Baja California, Mexico. Ueliger. vol. 11(1):80, Hertz, Carole M, 1979. Dbservati ns on the differences between the juvenile and mature T urritella anactor Berry, 1957. Festivus, vol. XI(6):48-49. 3 pis. Hertz, Jules. 1978, Minute Shells. Festivus, vol, X(5):4D. 2 figs, 1979. Minute Shells, Festivus. vol. XI(l):2-3. 6 pis. Hinds, R. B. 1843. Dn new species of Fleurotoma , Clavat ula and M angelia. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pp. 36-46, 1344-45. The Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S, Sulphur, under the command of Capt. Sir Edward Belcher during the years 1836-42. Mollusca. London, vol. II. pt. 2, pp. 25-48. pis. 8-14. Hopkins, Thomas S,. and George F, Crozier, 1966, Observations on the asteroid echinoderm fauna occurring in the shallow water of Southern California (intertidal to 60 meters). Bull. S, Cal, Acad. Sci, 65(3):129-145. Hulings, Neil C. and D.Ul, Hemlay. 1963. An investigation of the feeding habits of two species of seaatars. Bull, Mar, Sci, 13:354-359, Hunt, 0,D, 1925, The food of the bottom fauna of the Plymouth fishing grounds. Mar, Biol, Assoc, U.K. Jour, 13:560-599, 2 pis. Iredale, Tom. 1931. Australian Molluscan notes. No. 1. Rec. Aust. Mus, Sidney, vol. 18(4) :201-235, 3 pis. John, D, 1948. Notes on asteroids in the British Museum. (Nat. HlstO — the species of Astropecten. Novitates Zoologicae, 42:485-508, 4 pis. Keen, A, Myra, 1958, New mollusks from tropical west America. Bull, Amer, Paleo, Paleo, Res, Inst, V/ol, 38(172 ): 239-255, pis, 30,31, 1968, West American mollusk types in the British Museum (Nat, H^st,)IV/. Carpenter's f'^^azatlan Collection, V/eliger, V/gi, 10(4) :389-439, pis, 55-59. 171 text figs. 1971, Sea shells of tropical liJest America, Second edition. Stanford Univ, Press, 1064 pp. 54 Lamarck, J.B.P.A, de M, de, 1811. (Suite de la) Determination des Bspe'ces de mollusques testcjces: continuation du genre Porcelaine et des genres Ovule, Tarriere, Ancillaire, et Olive, Ann, Mus, hist. nat. Paris, vol. 16. pp. 300-330. Loue, Herbert l\J. 1935. f\!eu marine mollusca from ujest Mexico, together with a list of shells collected at Punta Pteliasco, Sonoraf Mexico, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat, Hist, vol, 8(6):15-34. 4 pis, Lutken, C.F, 1859. Uidd. Medd. p. 40. (not seen). 1071. Widd. Medd. p. 288. (not seen). Marcus, Eveline d. B-R. 1977. On the genus Tornatina and related forms. Supplement 2, Oour. Moll. Stud. 35 pp. 88 figs. Marincovich, Louie. 1977. Cenozoic Naticid'^e (Mollusca : Gastropoda ) of the northeastern Pacific. Bull. Amer. Paleo. vol. 70(294):169- 494. pis. 17-42. Megerle von Muhlfeld, 0, D, 1011. Entuurt sines neuen Systems der Schalthiergehause . Gesellschaft Naturf orschender Freunds. Berlin. Mrog zin 5. (not seen). Moore, R, 0. 1966. Treatise on invertebrate Paleontology. Part 0. Echinodermata . 3(1) 36.,! pp. 271 figs. (Durham, 0,0. et . al.). Muller, 0. and F, H, Troschel, 1842, System der Asteriden, Braunschweig. 134 pp. 12 pis. (not seen) Oldroyd, Ida. 1927. Marine shells of the west coast of North a,merica. vol. II(l). 297 pp. 29 pis. Olsson, Axel A. 1956, Studies on the genus Olivella . Proc. Acad. Nat, Sci, Phila, Vol .GUI 1 1 : 155-226 , pis, 8-16. 1961, Mollusks of the tropical eastern Pacif ic-Panamic Pacific pelecypods, Paleo, Res. Inst, 574 pp. 06 pis, Lrhigny, Alcide d'. 1846. Mollusques. In R, Sagra, Histoire physique, politique, et naturelle de I'lle de Cuba, 2 vols and atlas (not seen), Philippi, R. 1845. Diagnosen eininger Conchylien. irchiv. Naturg. yr. 11, vol. 1, op. 50-71. (not seen) 1846. Conchylien- \rten , Zeits. M-lak. (not seen). Phillips, Ted, 1970, Notes on predation of the asteroid genus Luidia on Donax navicula at Playa Almejas, Baja California del norte, Mexico,. Tabulata. p. 16, (July), Pilsbry, Henry A, and H.N. Lowe, 1932. West Mexican and Central American mollusks collected by H.N. Loue, Proc. Acad, Nat, Sci, Phile,. Wol, LXXXIW:33-144, 17 pis, Pilsbry, Henry A, and Axel A, Olsson,. 1945, Uitrinellidae and similar gastropods of the Panamic province, Part 1, Proc, Acad, Nat, Sci. Phila, lyol. 97:249-270. pis. 22-30. Recluz, C,.’’, 1844. Description of new species of Navicella, Neritina, Nerita and Natica, in the cabinet of Hugh Cuming, Esq. Proc. Zool. Soc. London for 1843. pp. 197-214. Reeve, Lovell. 1343-76. Conchologia iconica: or illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals. London. vols. 1-15. Robinson, Margaret K, 1973. Atlas of monthly mean sea surface and sub- surface temperatures in the Gulf of California, Mexico, S.D.S. Nat, Hist, Mem, 5, 19 pp. 90 figs. Shasky, ' Donald R, 1971. Ten neu species of tropical eastern Turridae. V/eliger, 9ol, 14(l);67-72, 10 figs. 55 Sherbarn, Csrola. 1922. Index inimflium. ber. 2. F'te. 1-33, Souerby, George B. 1S32-33. Chjrjcters of neu species of Molluscs end Conchifsru, collected by fir. Cuming . Proc, Zool. Goc. London pp. 113-12D, 173-179, 194-2D2. 1333-34, Cheracters of neu species of Mollusc? nd Conchifere. Ibid, pp. lB-22, 34-38, 134-139. 1835. Chnrscters "nd observ tions on new oenem ;>nd species of ■ f'-iollusc? :^nd Conchifer"'' collected by Mr. Cuming. Ibid, pp. 21-23, 41-47, 1G9-11D. Soiuerby, George B. Jr, 18.65-78. Conchologie iconicrs: or illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals, London. vols. 15-2D. Strong, A. fs. ' nd Leo G, Hertlein, 1939. M;; rine mollusks from P mama collected by the allan H-ncock expedition to the G-l-p ’rjos Isl nds, lv31-32. ,11 n Hancock Foundation '-ub. of Univ. of 3. Calif, v/ol. 2(12) :177-245. ols. 18-23. Thomson, bonald A, 1974, 1974 calendar for the northern Gulf of California. Dept, Bio, Sci,, Univ, of Ariz, Tryon, George Id, 1897-1898, Manual of Conchology, Uol, XUII, 348pp. Ualenciennes , .Achille. 1832. I. Coquilles marines bivalves de IL^merique Equinoxiale, recueillies pendant le voyage de MM, de Humboldt et Bonplsnd. (not seen), Luells, Harry of., Mary J. Uells and I.E. Grr?y. 1961. Food of the seastar i Provenciale Storia Naturale,Via F,Crispi,50 Livorno, Italy 57100 Haigh, Marilyn & Ernest 6533 Orangewood Avenue Cypress, Cal, 90630 Hanselman, Virginia & George 5818 Tulane Street San tJiego, Cal. 92122 453-3019 Herrmann, Richard 1069 Missouri Street San Diego, Cal. 92109 483-3643 work Hertz, Carole & Jules 3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave. San Diego, Cal,92lll 277-6259 Hogan, Karen 2736 Worden Street San Diego, Cat92IIO 223-5968 Holiman, Mrs. H.Wo P.O.Box 246 Edinburg, Texas 78539 Janowsky, Dorothy 946 Ralph Avenue Brooklyn, New York 11236 Khan, Mohammed Moazzam Institute Marine Biology University of Karachi University Rd, Karachi 32, Pakistan King, Harriett & Frank 859 E. Vista Way Vista, Cal. 92083 726-3025 King, Suzie 725 Devon Court San Diego, Cal.92109 488-6343 King, June & Bob 4269 Hawk Street San Diego, Cal. 92103 296-0574 Leonard, Fretl L. 800 No. 41st Avenue Hollywood, Flc\,33021 Levine, Anita & Morris 139-62 Pershing Crecent Jamaica, New York 11435 Lindebrekke, Lynn & Ken 6306 Lake Badin Avenue San Diego, Cal, 921 19 465-1092 Mabry, Billie & Don 6333 La Jolla Blvd, *^^I7I La Jolla, Cal, 92037 459-1087 Macquin, Hazelle 437 Douglas Street Salt Lake City, Utah 84102 Marriott, Mabel & Claron 1304 Eo Avenue I, Sp 18 Lancaster, Cal 93534 Martin, Clifton & Clifford 324 Kennedy Lane Oceanside, CaL 92054 757-1528 McGhee, Sandra 8401 W. Sample Rd, ^14 Coral Springs, Fla. 33065 Michel, Nola & John 4758 Mt. Cervin Drive San Diego, Cal, 92117 278-9088 Mulliner, Margaret & David 5283 Vickie Drive San Diego, Cal.92109 488-2701 Myers, Barbara & John 3761 Mt Augustus Ave. San Diego, Cal, 921 1 1 279-9806 Nelson, Susan & John c/o Ronald Fenton 97 East 6th North Logan, Utah 84321 Pelton, Don 3775 1/2 38th Street San Diego, Cal 92105 284-6257 Perrin, Marilyn & Bill 2947 Luna Ave San Diego, Ca. 92117 272-9342 Pisor, Jeanne & Don 10373 El Honcho PI. San Diego^ Ca,^ 92124 279-9342 Poormanj, Forrest & Leroy 15300 Magnolia St. Sp55 Westminister, Ca 92683 Purdy, Rufh & Ben 3658 Euclid Ave San Diego, Ca. 92105 281-6547 Robertson, Marilyn & Wally c/o 1137 Prospect St. La Jolla, Ca 92037 459-6858 Rosecrans, Jennie L. 4600 Lamont ^4-308 San Diego, Ca. 92109 270-3595 Roworth, Edwin I3CI Windsor Dr, Cardiff, Ca. 92007 753-3903 Rybl/ Deborah Ann 10669 San Diego Mission Rd. ^108 San Diego, Ca. 92108 284-1083 Sage, Patricia & John 1635 Lanoitan Ave National City, Ca. 92050 477-3264 Salisbury, Richard Box 4 Naval Station NAVMACS V2(m) AE SD SAT/COMM San Oiego, Ca. 92136 Schmeltz, Elaine & Roger P.O. 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Valley View Dr. Phoenix, Arizona 85040 Wright, Jeanne 4905 Twain Avenue San t>»iego, Ca. 92120 583-2548 >ifeend, Margenette & Arthur 5668 Lord Cecil Street San Diego, Ca 92122 sStT. f^r^,l980 — f 1% Me>y TO SCfiLe 3t/^f -y / / /■ Zdt^t'LjArytS — ne>c/iali^s ^/Mtr. X/) joLLfk sunn\ /r ^frery^ R}ici4ic Be«cK 3 Sr^c^/>7^ic/fyfsi/ ^ U^/fSj/s - aL 96/ F9/7 /holi- sm DIEGO SHELL CLUB FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968 MEETS THIRD THURSDAY, 7;30 P.M. ROOM 104, CASA DEL PRADO, BALBOA PARK President : • • . Sandie Seckington UicB President:. David H, Mulliner Recording Secretary; .... .Carol Burchard Corresponding Secretary ; .Mar joriB Bradner T reasurer; .........Walter Robertson Editor: Carole M. Hertz ANNUAL DUESj Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc, Single membership S4.0D; Family membership S5.DD Student membership S3. 00; Overseas surface $6.00. CLUB ADDRESS; Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc,, c/o 3883 Mt, Blackburn Ave,, San Diego, Calif,, 92111 Uol. XII May 1980 No. 5 * * PROGRAM: ”A Mellouj Evening With Sam Hinton^ * Sam Hinton, for many years Curator of the Aquarium at Scripps, * author of books on marine life, noted folk singer, and * delightful speaker will present our May program, I Date: May 15-, 1980 Time: 7:30 P.M. Place; Room 104 ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ * ♦ 4 4 + * * CONTENTS Club News 65 Minute Shells AMPHI55A ONDAT A (Carpenter, 1864) HERTZ, 3 66 A Supplementary Note On F AWART lA DOROTHYAE Emerson & D'Attilio, 1979 D'ATTILIO, A 67 T EREBRA of Midway Atoll SCHMELTZ, R 69 65. THE ANNUAL bAN DIEGD SHELL CLUB AUCT lON/POTLUCK April 26th 1980 CAROL 0URCHARD The annual San Diego Shell Club Auction/Potluck took place at the home of Marge and Hugh Bradner, As aluays, it uias a fantastic social event with fine friends and ujonderful food. Over 50 members and guests attended, close to 400 shells were offered for auction. It proved to be a successful evening for the Club, The cocktail hour began at 6:00 P.M, followed by the potluck dinner. During this time shells to be auctioned were an display. The bidding began at about 7:30 and the auction ended at 1:15 A.M. The Club expresses many thanks to host and hostess Hugh and Marge Bradner, Much appreciation to Dave Mulliner for his punch. Gratitude to Sandie Seckington, Carole Hertz, and Hugh Bradner for their expertise and good humor as auctioneers. Heartfelt acknowledgment of the donations of Mae Dean Richart, LIBRARY ADDITIONb The San Diego Shell Club has been fortunate in being the recipient of book donations by its members. Some books have been sold to raise money for the library and others have been added to it. We thank Joyce Gemmell for the donation of the following books. Those starred have been placed in the Club library. Field Guide to the Shells of our Atlantic an^ Gulf Coasts, Percy A, Morris, 196G, *Field Guide to Shells of the Pacific Ccest and Hawaii, Percy A, Morris, 1960. Marine Shells of the Pacific Northwest. Tom Rice, 1971, ^National Geographic magazine, July, 1949 & March 1969. Seashells of the World, R, Tucker Abbott & Herbert S. Zim, 1962, ^Seashores, Herbert S, Zim & Lester Ingle. Seashore Life of the San Francisco Bay Region to the coast of Northern California, Joel W, Hedgpetb, 1962, Shells are where you find them, Elizabeth Clemons, I960, *The Edge of the Sea, Rachel Carson, *The Sea Beach at Ebb Tide, Augusta Foote Arnold, 1968 ed, *The Seashore, C,M. Yonge, 1949. *9an Nostrand's Standard Catalog of Shells, ed, R.L, Wagner S R.T. Abbott, 1964, CLUB SCIENCE FAIR AWARD Christina Maria Ternes, aged 15, of Gompers Junior High School won the San Diego Shell Club Bcxence Fair Award for her project, "How do different environmental ions affect hydra?" Club judges, Anthony D'Attilio and Jules Hertz have invited her to present a summation of her project at the June meeting at which time her award will be given to hei*. 66 MIIMUTE SHELLS AMPHISSA UNDATA (CARPENTER, 1864) JULES HERTZ Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park P.D, Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 Another of the small species recently obtained from Loyal J, Bibbey is Amphissa undata (Carpenter, 1864), This moderately common deep-uater species was in material trawled by Ronnie Nicols in nets in depths of 3DD to 45D feet on the south side of the La Jolla Trench (off San Diego, California) from January to June 1979, The lot of material contained 136 specimens of Amphissa undata, which varied in length from 6 to 14 mm. The 14 mm specimen is very large for the species. Figure 1 shows a typical growth series from this lot. Fig, 1, Growth series of Am|3)hissa undat a (Carpenter, 1864) Magnification: 4.2X; Photograph by David K, Mulliner Approximate lengths (left to right): 13, 10, and 8 mm, Amphissa undata is similar to the intertidal and shallow-water species, Ainphi 553 versicolor Dali, 1871, _A, undata is light brown, whereas _A, versicolor can be found not only in light brown but in gray, orange, dark brown, and various mottled comb i nat i nns , A. undata is generally a stouter shell with stronger axial ribs, more acute spiral cords, ^nd a higher spire. ADDITlljNb TU THE RUSTER Burch, Mrs, John F. Hoffman, Jeffrey 1300 Mayfield Rd* Apt, 61-L 5U4 Bonair Place Seal Beach, Calif, 90740 La Jolla, Calif, 92037 454-2403 Snell, Chuck P.O. Box AC Trinidad, Calif, 95570 67 A SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE ON FmWARTIA DDRDTHVAE EMERSON & D'ATTILIQ, 1979 ANTHONY D'ATTILID Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park P.0, Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 Further study of a series of F avartia dorothyae from the type locality received subsequent to the publication of the species reveals some additional morphological details. In more than 20 specimens studied, the shell was found to be entirely colored, ranging from shades of pink to red, OTange, and rarely yellow. Within the outer lip there are from 8 to 10 strong liras and often three weakly raised denticles on the lower portion of the columella. Mature specimens having 6 postnuclear whorls range from 11 to 15 mm long. Figures 1 and 2 show a mature specimen 15 mm in length from Punta Engano, Cebu (Mactan Island)^ Philippine Islands, Fig, 1, Fig, 2, Favartia dorothyae Emerson & D'Attilio 1979 Illustrations are here presented for the first time of the protoconch (fig,. 3,), operculum (Fig, 4,), and radula (Fig, 5.), The protoconch is drawn with the aid of a camera lucida microscope. The specimen used was an immature one with 3 whorls. The subcircular aperture is reflected in the shape of the operculum and the position of the nucleus situated somewhat below center. The radular characters are typical for tnuricopsine genera such as Muricopsis , Murexiel la , and F avartia. The rachidian plate is relatively 68 deep, possessing the strongly projecting central cusp and well developed laterals. Fig, 3, protoconch Fig, U, operculum Fig, 5, radula Literature Cited Emerson, LJilliam H, & Anthony D'Attilio, 1979, Six oruj living species of Muricacean gastropods. Nautilus. Wol, 93 (1): 1-10, 21 figs, Acfcnouledaments Dr, Hans Bert sc h, 5.D.N.H.M, kindly read this paper and Mr, Donald Pisor of San Diego, California graciously provided the specimens for study, Mr, David H, Mulliner took the fine photographs. 69 TEREBRA OF MIDWAY ATOLL ROGER L. SCHMELTZ P.O. Bgx 1060 Alpine, California 92001 Midway Atoll is the next to last set of islands in the Hawaiian chain, approximately 1200 miles northwest of Honolulu, The Atoll consists of two islands. Sand and Eastern, surrounded by a barrier reef. Sand Island is the larger of the two and is 990 acres in ares with the highest land above sea level just over 30 feet. It is a O.S, territory not part of the starts of Hawaii and only government connected people are there. The only natives are the wildlife, most notable the Laysan albatross or Gooney Bird. I feel fortunate in having been stationed there with the 0,S. IMavy from December 1975 to August 1978 since it is where I became a shell collector, I really wasted my first year there using my advanced SCUBA diving certifica- tion gathering spiny lobster. The only shells I had bothered to pick up were Terebra because they were easy to spot and plentiful. Once I discovered that there were other beautiful and interesting "critters" out there hiding under coral rock and rubble and buried in sand, my new hobby was started, T erebra were my first live collected shells. The following list of my live collected T erebra taken on Midway Atoll was compiled by me with aid in identification given by members of the Hawaiian Malacological Society and the San Diogo bhell Club, T, I- T, T, T, T, achates Weaver, I960 af f inis Gray, 183A babylonia Lamarcb, 1822 cerithina spaldingi Pilsbry, 1921 chlorat a Lamarck, 1822 crenulata (Linne, 1758) T_, f uniculat a Hinds, 1844 T , guttata (Rbdinq, 1798) T_, maculat a (Linne, 1758) T_, nodul aris Ueshayes, 1859 T_, rosacea Hease, 1869 T_. thaonumi Pilsbry, 1921 T_, undulat a Gray, 1634 Hast ula albula Menke, 1843 lanceata (Linne, 1767) H, ni tida (Hinds, 1844) H, penicillata Hkinds, 1844 jd, tiedemani Burch, 1965 T erebra achates (Rig, 1) a Hawaiian endemic species, is considered rather rare on Oahu, The average size re- portedly found there is between 2)^ and 4 inches. On Midway they are between 4 and 6 inches, Wagner and Abbott's Standard Catalog of Shells lists the world size record as 13,53 cm, I found six specimens larger than this with the largest measuring 15,4 cm, T ereb ra achates was fairly easy to find on Midway, There were four ' i/4 " 'Ay/ ^ j ; t> , Fig, 1, Terebra achates |;«5 4"'A 70 areas at which they could be found with soms regularity. Only one of the places, however, had good quality specimens. In the other spots the specimens were much smaller and of poorer quality than in my favorite area. The following of the Terebra and Hastula in the above list were dredged outside the reef in depths from 200 to 300 feet; T, af finis, T, nodularis, rosacea, H, albula, nitida, H, penicillata, H, tiedemani, Terebra thaanuml,. (Fig, 2, ) another Hawaiian endemic, eluded my identification efforts for about a year. My difficulties stemmed from the unusual colorat ion*—creamy white, and the size. The Standard Catalog's record size is 6,06 cm and my three specimens are 7,38, 9,41 and 9,55 cm. About a dozen of this species did show up in the dredging but they were all under inches with the same creamy coloration. My largest T, thaanumi was found by a novice collector, a girl I was showing how to find sea shells. It was exposed on a sandy bottom and she just picked it up. Afterward I kept the animal alive in my aquarium for about eight months, the girl gave it to me when she left the island becHuse it was still alive. I gave her some other shells in return, one of which was a Cypraea tesselat a . At that time I still didn't have the T erebra identified. Approximately 14 months later I found a crabbed specimen and a live on within 100 feet of the first find. My wife found the foutth, the smallest, a beached specimen with the animal and operculum intact, on the opposite side Fig. 2, T erebra thaanumi of the island. Observing T, thaanumi in the aquarium gave me some insight into the habits which make these "monsters" so hard to find. The animal would only move around to feed for a few hours (6) every five to seven weeks. I never did find one at the end of a track in sand. IMOTICE Member Ruth Greenberg announces that the Tidepool Gallery is having its Third Annual Rare Shell Show from May 7 to May 25. lo' addition to a display of "prize-winning worldwide specimen shells on loan to the Tidepool..." a continuous slide show of underwater moilusks will be shown. SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB % C. HERTZ 3883 MT. BUCKBURN AVL SAN DIEGO. CA. 921U Smithsonian Institution Library-Aco^uisitions Acct #9010520201 Washington D.C. 2056O fH!9> ()]oU. SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968 MEETS THIRD THURSDAY, 7:30 P,M. ROOM lOi, CASA DEL PRADO, BALBOA PARK President: ....Sandle Seckington UicB President •Deyld K, Mulliner Recording Secretary ;•••• •C#rol Burchtrd Corresponding Secretary ; .Marjorie Bradner Treasurer; Walter Robertson Editor: Carole M. Hertz ANNUAL DUES: Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc, Single membership SA.DO; Family membership 35,00 Student membership 33.00; Overseas surface 36,00. CLUB ADDRESS: Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc,, c/o 3883 Mt, Blackburn Ave,, San Diego, Calif,, 92111 Uol. XII June 1980 No. 6 PROGRAM: James Steuart, t)iving Officer at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, uill give an illustrated talk entitled, "A Diver's Diverse Observations." Christina Maria Ternes, Club Science Fcoir winner will give a brief outline of her winning project, "How do different environmental ions affect hydra?" and receive her award. Pictures from the Auct ion/Potluck will be shown. There will be a Book-Magazine-Reprint Sale of duplicate library material to benefit our library. Details on p. 77. Date: June 19, 1980 Time: 7:30 P.M. Place: Room IDA ifc 4: * CONTENTS Club and Library News 72 Preliminary Analysis of the Geographic and Bathymetric Distribution of Hawaiian Chromodorids (Gastropoda: Dpisthobranchia ) BERTSCH, HANS 73 MURICOPSIS J/\L I5C0EN5IS Radwin & D'Attilio, 1970 at Panama D'ATTILIO, ANTHONY 78 Book Review — Indo-Pacific Mollusks: Two Recent Contributions BERTSCH, HANS 80 72 FROM THE MINUTES MARJORIE BRADNER The May 15 Club meeting was a rare treat, Sam Hinton, museum curator, marine biologist, writer, artist, musician and university administrator spoke entertainingly on scientific nomenclature and the use of common names in identifying plant and animal life. He ended with audience participation in the appropriate song, '*Amphioxus , ” The business meeting lasted less than five minutes because Mr, Hinton had agreed to play and sing some more. After half a dozen or so songs, too few for the delighted audience, he ended with "Closing Time At the Aquarium, the Fishes Must bleep," LIBRARY IMEWb The CluP Horary has oeen greatly enriched by our exchanges of pudlications with two museums, lile are grateful to Dr, Barry Roth of the California Academy of bciences and Dr, UJilliam K, Emerson of The American Museum of Natural History tor their efforts in arranging the exchanges of back issues of their Museum puolications for complete sets of The Festivus, Received from California Academy of Sciences’ 1, Miscellaneous issues of Proceedings of California Academy of Sciences, Fourth series from iyi2 to iy72 — Wols, 3 to 39, 2, Uccasional Papers of California Academy of Sciences from I960 to 1975. 3, Southern California Academy of Sciences Bulletin, Miscellaneous issues from V/ols, 33 to bl, A, Eastern Pacific Lxpeoitions of the New York Zoological Society, XXXIX (Part Ul) and XL (Part UII), Mollusks from the West Coast of Mexico and Central America by Hertlein & Strong, 5, Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, \7ol. 2 ^8 and 12, 1939. Received from The American Museum of Natural History* 1, Miscellaneous issues of American Museum Novitates from I93A to 1965. 2, Miscellaneous issues of Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History from 1901 to 1956 (vols, 14 to 111). * A complete listing of these publications as well as an updated library list will be available to members at the July meeting Donations to the Club library have also been made by two members, Joyce Gemmell and Agnes Thompson, Received from Joyce Gemmell. 1, Environment Southwest, Aug, 1969 to Dct, 1973, 2, Of Sea and Shore, V/ols. 1 to 7, 3, Seafari. June 1964 to Sept. 1965 (lacks July-Sept, 1964). Received from Agnes Thompson. 1, Of Sea and Shore, V/ols. 1 to 5 complete and several additional issues. V/ol. 6 (1 & 4), V/ol. 7 (1 & 4), V/q1. S (1 & 4), V/ol. 9 (1). 2, The Echo, LJ.S.M. Report. 1960-1974. 3, East coast of North & South America Tide Tables for years 1963-1967, 4, Occasional Paper, California Academy of Sciences A^35, West American Mollusks of the Genus Conus -II, by G. Dallas Hanna. 5, Shell Album by Helen S, O^Brien (Helen Thompson) 73. PRELIMIIMARY. AIMALYbIS OF THE GEQGRAPHHEC AND BATHYMETRIC DISTRIBUTION OF HAUIAIIAN CHRDMODORIDS (GASTROPODA: QPISTHQBRANCHIA ) HANS BLRTSCH Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park, P.O. Box 13S0, San Diego, California 92112 SCOTT JOHNSON Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96022 Malacological research in Hawaii has tenOed to concentrate on the shelled marine and terrestrial species. Numerous papers, monographs, and books have been published in the last 2 centuries based on Hawaiian shelled material (most recently Kay, 1979), The paucity of publications about Hawaiian nudibranchs forms a striking contrast. As a specific example, only 27 species of dorid nudibranchs were named between 1052 and 1060, most by Uilliam Harper Pease. There followed a gap of over 100 years — broken only by 4 reports that briefly mentioned dorid nudibranchs— until the 1969 paper by E. Alison Kay and David Young, which reported 50 species of Doridacea from the Hawaiian Islands. Present knowledge of the systematics of Hawaiian dorid nudibranchs, therefore, is based on 7 articles by Pease (published between 1060 and 1071), a half dozen works by Eydoux and Souleyet (1052), Edmondson (1946), Ostergaard (1950 and 1955), and the major paper by Kay and Young, and several recent notes by ourselves (Johnson and Bertsch, 1979;^ Bertsch and Johnson, 1979 and 1900). Many of the earlier works were based on sarples of few specimens, so that little information about the natural history of Hawaiian nudibranchs is currently available in the literature. Ue have been surveying the subtidal populations of nudibranchs on the island of Oahu, for over 3 years we have been gathering specimens, data, and in situji photographs by scuba diving. Part of aur work was funded by grants from the Center for Field Research, enabling us to lead 2 Earthwatch research teams of 15 and 10 divers during the summers of 1970 and 1979, In this paper, we present a preliminary analysis of our findings, limiting our discussion to one group of dorid nudibranchs, the chromodorids , Species of this family of dorids usually are recognized immediately by their brilliant coloration and soft body texture. The Chromodor ididae are primarily tropical species, characterized by the morphology of the repro- ductive system and the radula (Bertsch, 1977), Information given by Kay and Young form an intriguing comparison with the results that we have obtained. The majority of Kay and Young's 4 years of collecting was restricted to the littoral zone, that is, shoreward of fringing reefs or on reef platforms. This Hawaiian intertidal habitat is a very narrow region, since maximum tidal fluctuation is restricted to only 2Vz feet. Only rarely did Kay and Young examine specimens from deeper subtidal reoions. They collected approximately 127 specimens of 11 species of chromodorids (TABLE 1). The most abundantly collected species, Chromodoris lilacina (Gould, 1052) was common during one year of their study. The other 10 species were represented by less than a dozen specimens each, tie collected 22 chromodorid species, including the 11 that they reported, but in very different proportions. Six of their rare specias we collected commonly subtidally; four others of their species we found subtidally in about egual abundance to their intertidal numbers, lU?e found only one specimen of their most abundant species, What this means is that 74 of the 11 chromodorid species reported by Kay and Young, 6 are subtidal (hence their rareness in the intertidal zone sampled by Kay and Young), 4 might appear either in the subtidal or intertidal, and I is intertidal. These species of chromodorid nudibranchs show definite zonation preferences in either the intertidal or subtidal regions. Twelve of the 22 species we found were common subtidal animals, Wewaiian chromodorids seem to occur more frequently in subtidal habitats, TABLE 1» Comparison of numbers of specimens collected subtidally by us and intertidaily by Kay and Young (1969), Total this study, Subtidal Specimens Kay 8 Young Intertidal Specimens SUBTIDAL Chromolaichma younqbleuthi 185 (their subtidal records in parentheses) (3) Chromodoris petechialis 16 1 (3) Babaina daniellaee 18 8 Chromodoris vibrata 17 6 (2) Hypselodoris lineata 30 7 Chromodoris decora 29 6 m DBUIUUS prefereimce Chromodoris imperialis 2 1 Hypselodoris peasei 8 ID Chromodoris trimarqinata 4 7 Chromodoris albopust ulosa 15 10 INTERTIDAL Chromodoris lilacina 1 approx, 60 kle sampled (Figure 1) 5 main areas on the island of Dahu: the Lookouts (including Hanauma Bay), Pupukea on the north shore^ f^akua. Fort Kamehameha Beach (eastern edge of the entrance to Pearl Harbor), and Magic Island (at the edge of Ldaikiki, at the mouth of the Ala liJai Canal), Each species of chromodorid is found preferentially at specific sites around the island of Dahu, Moreover, groups of species were consistently found co-occurring at the same location. By simply choosing the day's diving location on the island of Dahu, we could predict the species of chromodorid that we would probably collect. Some sites showed a similarity in the species assemblages present, but none were completely identical. Similar groups were found at Fort Kamehameha Beach and Magic Island, and at Pupukea, Mekua and the Lookouts (see Bertsch and Johnson, 1979, for a description of several of these sites). In addition to site preferences, the species showed distinct differences in the average depth at which they were found (Figure 2), IjIb collected sufficient specimens of several species to analyze depth distribution. The common species found at Lookouts, Pupukea, and Makua (Chromodoris petechialis, Chromolaichma younqbleutbi , and an undescribed DEPTH (N METER5 75 Figure 1, Map of Oahu, Hauiaii, showing locations of study sites. PUPUKEA MAKUA LOOKOUrS Figure 2. Bathymetric distribution of selected Hawaiian chromodorids Babaina daniellae 13-16* 17-20* 21-24* 25-28 * C hromocion's g-ocie|!|^roydna 6 2 Hypselodons Chromoclons infuca^a petecliialis JO 1 ^ Width of stippled areas indicates relative abundance at the various depths; number below each species indicates total number of specimens collected. 76. species of chromodorid “snouif lake**) were found in average depths of 9,9 to 14,6 meters, Qnly rarely uere they collected in less than 5 meters of water. The common species from Magic Island and Fort Kamehameha Beach (Babaina daniellae, Chromodoris qqdef f royana and Hypselodoris infucata) were found in muciii shialloiuer water (averaging from 2,2 to 4,8 meters) , These species were almost absent deeper than 5 meters. These data reflect the habitat differences between the various study sites, that is, Magic Island was shallower than the Rupukea site. However, the depths at which each species was found were not the only available depths at which they could occur. The species from Magic Island occurred from 1 to 4 meters, but the habitat extends to over 10 meters deep. Hence we did not collect Chromolaichma younqbleuthl from the deeper depths at Magic Island, nor did we collect Chromodoris qodeff royana at Pupukea, Most of these chromodorid species occur predominantly in subtidal depths. These subtidal species show a three-dimensional partitioning of the habitat space: each species occurs predominately only at certain localities, and each species has a definite depth distribution, We are continuing our research on the Hawaiian chromodorids to determine other geographic differences throughout the Hawaiian Islands, to ascertain any seasonality, to measure niche separations among species groupings, and to make ecological comparisons with other zoogeographic faunal provinces. We are also working on the taxonomy of the species involved, ACKIMDULEDGMEIMTS A grant from tarthwatch and the Center for Field Research provided the necessary funds and volunteers that made possible the collection of data during June-July 1978 and 1979, We are grateful to all the participants on our Hawaiian mollusks expeditions: Mel Brody, Serena Chen, Mary Connelly, Rosemary Uorostkar, Scott Greenberg, Catherine Hansen, Don and Jean Jurgs, Howard Kaufman, Jane Kent, Tom Knapki, Lisa Lamoreaux, Peggy Lynch, Leonce Many, Brian McLlaney, Reoecca McElroy, Margaret McKinley, John Minichiello, Kathy IMedomatsky , Steve IMorton, Tom Parleto, Andrew Peretz, Dean Ritts, Roland Rizzi, Eric Rutherford, Mark Stetter, Danq Swinsky, Larry Targett, Frances Tear, Peggy Tietze, Matt Tikka, fMeal l/oelz, and Gregg Wilson, We also thank Judith Bertsch and Liaa Boucher for sharing many dives and helping with collecting. We thank Anthony D'Attilio for help with the text figures, and James Lance, David Mulliner, and Jules Hertz for textual comments , LITERATURE CITED Bertsch, Hans 1977, Tne Chromodoridinae nudioranchs from the Pacific coast of America, Part I, Investigative methods and supra-specif ic taxonomy. The Ueliger 20(2 ) ; 1B7-118; 3 test figs, Bertsch, Hans and Scott Johnson 1979, Tnree new opisthobranch records for the Hawaiian Islands, The V/eliger 22(l):41-44; 1 pit, Edmondson, Charles Howard 1946, Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii, Bernice P, Bishop Mus, Spec, Publ, 22: 381 pp,; 223 text figs, Eydoux, J.F.T, and F.L.A, Souleyet 18b2, Uoyage autour du monde,.,,sur la corvette la Bonite, etc, Zoologie, vol, 2:1-664, Gould, Augustus Addison 1852, Mollusca and Shells, Uol, 12 in: U.S, Exploring Expedition during 77 the years iajy-184i:^ under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.IM. Boston^ XV+ 510 pp, Johnson, Bcott and Hans Bertsch 1979, A population study of the nudiPranch Chromodorie qodef f royana. West, boc, Malac. Ann, Report 11:8, Hay, E, Alison 1979, Hawaiian marine shells. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii, Section 4: Mollusca, Bernice f?. Bishop Mus, Spec, Publ, 64(4);xviii + 653 pp,: 195 teat figs, Kay, E, Alison and David K, Ydung 1989, The Doridacea (Opisthobranchia: Mollusca) of the Hawaiian Islands, Pacific Science 23(2): 172--231;- 82 text figs, □stergaard, Jens Mathias 1950, Spawning and development of some Hawaiian marine gastropods. Pacific Science 4(2): 75-115; 42 text figs, 1955, Some opisthobranchiate mollusca from Hawaii, Pacific Science 9(2) : 110-136 ;■ 2 pits.; 17 text figs. Pease, William Harper I860, Descriptions of new species of Mollusca from the Sandwich Islands, Proc, Zool. London 28:18-37, 1861; Descriptions of new sp:ecies of Mollusca from the Pacific Islands. Proc, Zool, Soc, London: 242-247, 1864, Letter, On errors and omissions in former communications. Proc, Zool, Soc, London 1863: 510. 1866, Remarks on nudibranchiata inhabiting the Pacific Islands, with descriptions of two new genera. Amer, Jour. Conch, 2(3 ): 204-208, 1868, Synonymy of marine Gastropodae inhabiting Polynesia, Amer. Jour, Conch, 4 (3 ): 103-132 , 1871, Descriptions of nudibranchiate Mollusca inhabiting Polynesia, Amer, Jour, Conch, 6 (4 ): 299-305 ; pits, 19-22. 1871b, Descriptions of new species of nudibranchiate Mollusca inhabiting Polynesia, IMo, 2, Amer, Jour, Conch, 7(1):11-19, pits, 3-9. CLUB LIBRARY SALE A sale of duplicate library material will be held at this month's meeting. Sale material will be available at very low prices berore the meeting begins and during coffee break. Proceeds will benefit the library and members are welcome to donate duplicate books, magazines, and reprints dealing with marine life from their personal libraries to the June sale, ADDITICIMS & CDRRECTIDIMS TO THE ROSTER [\Jew Member: Academy of IMatural Sciences Philadelphia, Dr, Robert Robertson, Department of Malacology, Nineteenth and the Parkway, Philadelphia, Pa, 19103 Corrections: Pat & John Sage. Phone No, 267-3264 Edwin Roworth, Address 1361 Windsor Rd, Cardiff, Ca, 92007 MURICOPSIS JALI5CDEN5IS RADlilIN S D'ATTILIO, I97D AT PANAMA ANTHONV' O'ATXILIQ Deprartment of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Mueeum^ Balboa Park P.D, Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 An interesting morphological variant of Muricopsls .lalf ecoensie (Fig, l) has recently been brought to my attention. The locality of thie species at Panama is apparently a range extension since its occurrence there has not been previously recorded in the literature. Fig. 1. M. .jaliscoensis Location: Panama. Length: 25 mm Leg. Terry Hammes Donors Loyal J. Bibbey SDNHM# 73597 Fig, 2. M, jaliscoensis Location; Bahia Coagtocomate, Jalisco, Mexico. Length; 26 mm Leg. G.E. RadLiin & L.J. Bibbey SDNHM ;5<6300D The Panama form may be distinguished from that of central Mexico (Fig, 2) by its longer and more numerous spines and its relatively more slender shell with a higher, angulate spire which is additionally ornamented with spines. By contrast, the more obtuse and weakly angulate spire of the Mexican form has a relatively spineless spi-re and the spine terminations of the cords at the varices are restricted to the major cords. Six specimens collected by Mr, Royce Hubert at Isla Gubanador, Magdalena Bay in central Pacific Panama and four additional specimens! from Panama donated by 79 ^ used for this study. Among thsss spaclmsns uisrs termediat® forms (Figs, 5 » 4) showing characters suggesting the type locality as well as the extreme Panama forrai as shown in Figurw 1, Although Fig, 3, M, .jaliscoensis Location: Isla Gubanador, mouth of Magdalena Bay, central Pacific Panama, Length: 24 mm Leg, Royce Hubert SDIMHM #73590 Date; a September 1979 Fig,. 4, M, jaliscoensis Location; Isla Gubanador, mouth of Magdalena Bay, central Pacific, Panama, Length; 32 mm Leg,. Royce Hubert SDIMHM #73598 Date: 8 September 1979 the spiny nature of the shell is noticeable it may be remarked here that the number of spiral cords are the same for both forms. On some spedimens of the Panama form there is a more widely spread callus on the upper portion of the columella as in Figure 1, Figure 4, also from Panama, shows a specimen having the slenderness of the Panama specimen in Figure 1 and the intermediate spinose characters of Figure 2, Acknowledgments Photography was done by Barbara Id, Myers ancf photographic processing by David K, Mulliner, Specimens were donated by Loyal J, Bibbey and Royce Hubert , 80 INDO-PACIFIC MOLLUSKS: TUO RECENT CONTRIBUTIONS HANS 0ERT5CH Curator Marine Invertebrates, San Diego Natural History Museum Cernohorsky, Walter 0, 1970, TROPICAL PACIFIC MARINE SHELLS, Pacific Publications, Sydney, 352 pp,; 60 pits,? 17 text figs, Kay, E, Alison, 1979, HAWAIIAN MARINE SHELLS. Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii,. Section 4: Mollusca, Bernice P, Bishop Museum Special Publication 64 (4): xviii + 653 pp,; 195 text figs. Two recently published books highlight aspects of Indo-Pacific molluscan studies. They serve tiuo different purposes, emphasized by their different taxonomic and geographic coverage, writing style, and illustrations, Cernonorsky • s TROPICAL PACIFIC MARINE SHELLS (TPMS) should have been titled Marine Snells of the Pacific, Uol, HI, despite the author's disclaimer that the name change was at the reguest of the publisher to prevent "confusion among collectors." Most dedicated conchologists are certainly capable of distinguishing L, II, and III, This work is not a faunal study, but descriptions and illustrations of many shells from various parts of the Indo-Pacif ic . It is an identification guide for shell collectors, but is not comprehensive. If one has all three volumes, the collector's chance of identifying any particular shell is increased. Because of the random selection process for shells included in the volume, the work is awkward to use. If one does not find a shell in volume HI, one goes to vol, II; if not there, to I, in each case having to use an additional index. Obviously, to have published a synoptic index in TPM5 to all three volumes would have facilitated use of this series. In several places (pages 72, 91, 10b-lD7, 119-120, and 145) are lists of nomenclst ural changes for taxa discussed in volumes I and II, None of these species discussions are indexed. The arrangement of species within a genus is haphazard — with no apparent order. One is given the impression that the species descriptions were written and the specimens phntographed as they arrived on the author's desk, with no subsequent thought to rearranging the material into a coherent pattern, A simple alphabetical sequence of species within genera would nelp the reader to find species (especially among the 100+ species of Conus ) , The systematic overview of molluscan classification is useful. Treating Holy p lacophora and Aplacophora as subclasses of Amphineura is not consistent with most modern usage, in which they are afforded full class rank, I was especiaily glad to see at least a token inclusion of various nudibranch families. Use of dorid, dendronotid, arminid and eolid divisions would have given a systematic arrangement to what is now simply a list of families. Of minor concern is the misspelling of several families (Polyceridae, Tethydidae, and Dotonidae, sic). The book shows evidence of significant scholarly research which is not reflected in the scanty literature cited section; moreover, few references and justifications are given in the text for validation of synonymies and other informations presented. Perhaps an identification guide should not be expected to give all the pertinent literature. 81 Each species treated is illustrated by a photograph in the plate section at the back of the book, has a brief written description of salient shell characters, and a very brief indication of its' general range of occurrence. The book is written by a known expert on Indo-Pacific mollusks. Given his familiarity with shells, it can be used by the shell collector hobbyist to identify his or her specimens with a reasonable guarantee of accuracy. Used in conjunction with its predecessor volumes, TROPICAL PACIFIC MARIIME SHELLS fulfills that purpose, HAUJAIIAN MARINE SHELLS is the mollusk portion of the Bishop Museum's multi- volume revision of C.H. Edmondson's REEF AND SHORE FAUNA OF HAWAII . This prestigious series has a high quality of editorial control, and Kay's work is a worthy volume. This book is a comprehensive malacological faunal overview, similar in style and intent to A, Myra Keen's masterpiece, SEA SHELLS OF TROPICAL WEST AMERICA. Kay carefully documents the majority of her statements, properly acknowledging the other scientists upon whose work any researcher is dependent. All of her references are detailed in the literature cited, including the authorship of the species. The reader can readily determine the basis for synonymies and sources for other information presented . The introduction consists of an excellent survey of the ecology and zoogeography of Hawaiian marine mollusks, their human exploitation and study, and the natural history of the islands. Illustrations are placed throughout the text, close to the descriptions of the species. Often pertinent ecological information is given. The introductions to suprageneric taxa are particularly iiiell done, including information on radular morphology, reproduction, veliger stage and development, and other aspects of their natural history. Besides Oeing an authoritative guide for the identification of almost all the Hawaiian mollusks, it also introduces major aspects of the biology of these animals and gives the researcher a ready entry into the literature. There are a numPer of new species described in the book. Regrettably they are not separately indexed; a separate listing of these new taxa should have been included. For a majority of species the known range in the Hawaiian chain is not specified, Hince these islands stretch across 1600 miles, animals known only from some of the islands have a different distribution than those known from all the islands. It would also have been appropriate to have given more information about the illustrations (including specimen collecting locality of an original picture). Both of these recent books were written by well-known researchers. They are different in extent of coverage (Kay's is a fairly comprehensive faunal guide), amount of information and literature sources given (Cernohorsky nas written a conchological book, whereas Kay has authored a malacological reference work). The prospective purchaser of either volume must keep these differences in mind. This reviewer personally prefers Kay's volume, because it is more complete, is easier to use, has well- documented references, and contains a great amount of information on the biology and natural history of mollusks. SAN OiEGO SHELL CLUB % C. HERTZ 3883 r^T. BLACKBURN AVE gAN DIEGO, CA. 8211i ' DEFEAli MUSCULAR DYS, SUPPORT P Sicithsonian Institution Library-Acquisitions Acct #9010520201 Vsashlngton L.C. <::05o0 third class mail RETURN POSTAGE GUARANTEED F4I8 Moll, THE FESTIVDS SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968 MEETS THIRD THURSDAY, 7:30 P,M. ROOM 104, CASA DEL PRADO, BALBOA PARK President : Sand ie Seckington Vice President ,DBYid K, Mulliner Recording Secret ary .CbtoI Burchtrd Correaponding Secretary ; .Marjorie Bradner Treasurer; Walter Robertson Editor: Carole M, Hertz ANNUAL DUESft Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc, Single membership S^.OD; Family membership 35,00 Student membership $3,00; Overseas surface $6*00. CLUB ADDRESS: Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc,, c/o 3883 Mt, Blackburn Ave,, San Diego, Calif,, 92111 Uol, XII July 1980 No, 7 * * * ♦ I PROGRAM; Anthony D'Attilio will give an illustrated presentation on I I the shell and its radula, * * ♦ * Muricids will be the featured shells for July, Bring in your J Murex for display. There will be a continuation of the magazine S reprint sale. ♦ ♦ * * « CONTENTS Club News 83 Observations on NIPFDNDTRDPHON SCITULU5 (Pali, 1891) (Gastropoda: Muricidae: Muricinae) MYERS, BARBARA W, & ANTHONY D'ATTILIO 84 NATICA (LUNAIA) LUNARIS Berry, 1964 POORMAN, FORREST a LEROY PDORMAN 90 In Memoriam Emery P, Chace,, 91 '(.MI I' I .s'*:;;- 1. f . I. Ji 4,i'4 k-3, '■r-A i ■ ■ ' : . , . i; ' a'SC'i' ^ iMI"' . .. ‘ ... . .. .. = . V-- Mi i U=X .. ■: » ■; ;■ » ■ ■”' ■' ' 'f V '! ' ,y-# tn. 3" -'■ . pH:«{^iiiis.g%3fti'’,,', ' ’ (,. '' '■? ^i"; >' 1 •■ V, , ■-;■ J .X ■ :" V? rM/^!'..' ; ...'■ , . .. ■».'■■ , . ,,,.'.<'t.!;|i4j‘iJ , ■.. ’■>■..■■■ i ' >/ .., ' V ; i-:f ,;^■; •■• 1. i/i ',; ' i/ :yr^ •■■^ m ; ■■ (A Ki- ' " .. . V., S' " Ji';f ,-:*'> ■',*■. 'i" ' , ' r ,1. • X'-> •<■*■•• ."■ 1 -a ■. jlif**‘^»-^'V'i; • 'V '.»■ ' ... ' . ■''' C. ■ ‘'^'" ■ ' '■■•'i \'\ ' w p' d' ;.>'i",/I' Wol. XII (7) The Festivus 84 OBSERUATIQfMS DIM NIPPDNDTRDPHDN gCITULUS (DALL, 1891) (GASTROPODA; MURICIDAE: MURICINAE) BARBARA 111. MYERS and AfMTHOIMY D'ATTILIQ Dapartment of Marine Invertebrate#, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park P,0, Box 1390, San Slego, California 92112 Nipponotrophon acitulua CDall, 1891) . Trophon (Boreotrophon) scitulus Dali, 1091: 180; DflLL, 1095: 712, pi, 27, fig, 5; WILLETT, 1930: pi. 1, fig, 1; HOSUBE, 1975: pi. 8, fig, 5. Neptunea CTrophonopaie) laeia iDsll, 1919: 330, Trophon (Neptunea) lasia (Ball), DALL, 1921; 111; OLDROYD, 1927: 39, 40. T rophon (Neptunea) tenuiaculpta (of authors, not Carpenter, 1066) DALL, 1921: 111, pi. 11, figs. 11, 12; OLDROYD, 1927; 39, pi. 30, fig#. 3, 7. Trophon (Neptunea) scitulus (Dali), DALL, 1921: 109, pi. 13, fig. 6; OLDROYD, 1927: 31, pi. 15, fig. 4. T rophon lasius (Dali), WILLETT, 1930: 1-IH, pi, 1, figs, 2-»6, Boreotrophon scitulus (Dali), ABBOTT, 1974: 189, fig, 1972, Trophonopais laaiua TPall). ABBOTT, 1974: 191, fig. 2000. Nipponotrophon scitulus (Dali). RADlilIN & D'ATTILIQ, 1976: 85, pi, 14,, fig#, 10, 11, Nipponotrophon lasiua (Dell), RADtillN & D'ATTILID, 1976; 84, pi. 13 figs, 6-0, Two specimens of Nipponotrophon scitulus (Dali, 1091) were recently donated to the Ban Diego Natural History Museum by Loyal J. Blbbey (SDWHM Lot #73595), These specimens were trawled from 300 to 400 ft. on the south side of Lb Jolla Trench, San Diego, California by Ronnie Nicole, commercial fisherman. After identifying these specimens, we noted some controversy in the literature regarding the range for PJ. scitulus. Dali (1902) stated the range probably extended to the San Pedro Channel, Ca., but Dali (1921) only listed the range from the Pribilof Islands to Unalaska Island, Bering Sea, Heen (1937) lists only latitude 55° to 57° for the range, Radwin & D'Attilio (1976) list the range cited by Dali (1921). Burch (1945) reported that M,N, Lowe and Dr. F. Baker had collected N. scitulus off Pt, Loma, San Diego, Ca. in 50 fms, We then compared N. scitulus with a similar species, N, lasius (Dali, 1919),, which ranges from the Bering Sea to Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, Mexico. (Radwin & D'Attilio, 1976), Dallas type of JM. scitulus which he figured in 1695 (Proc, U.S.N.M. 17: pi. 27, fig. 5) is described as a thin, white, five whorled shell (it is not clear if this includes the protoconch), 17,5 mm long with a high spire and a Long open canal. The body whorl bears six strong spiral cords and 13 lamellate varices becoming spinose on the shoulder. Dali's type of N, lasius was not figured until 1930 (liiillett; Nautilus 52(1): pi. 1, fig, 67. Dali described it as a white, slender, fusiform shell of more than five whorls (nucleus decollated). The body whorl bears axial sculpture of numerous (no number) incremental lines and spiral sculp- ture of 25 narrow cords. The body whorl is rounded not shouldered and its length is 30 mm. 85 The Festivus Trophon tenuisculptus Carpenter, 1866 uae described from a Pleistocene fossil collected at Santa Barbara, California, The type uas not figured until 1921 (Van Winkle), Carpenter’s species was confused for many years with a Recent species from the west coast of (Morth America/ (Dali, 1921) and (Dldroyd, 1927), Willett (1938) compared the type figure and Carpenter's description with the Recent species that had been labelled J_, tenuisculptus in collections and in consultation with Dr, U.S. Grant and A.M, Strong concluded that 1[, tenuisculptus Carpenter, 1866 is a Pleistocene fossil, a Tritonalia (Ocenebra) and not in the Recent fauna. He placed T^, tenuisculptus (of authors, not Carpenter, 1866) in the synonomy of IMipponot rophon lasius (Dali, 1919), In illustrating the varisblilty of N, lasius. Willett (1938) figured six different forms, Willett's Fig, 1 resembles N, scitulus (Dali, 1891), but he makes no mention of this taxon. His Fig, 6 is the type of losius , We have examined an extensive series of these forms and reach the same conclusion arrived at by Willett; that the species is a highly variable one. However, for some unexplained reason Willett omitted the earliest name for the species which is N, scitulus (Dali, 1891), W, lasius is a junior synonym. Figs, 1 and 2 are dorsal and ventral views of Bibbey specimen A, This specimen has five spiral cords on the body whorl and 13 lamellate varices, becoming spinose on the shoulder. It measures 16 mm long, is thin, white, fusiform, has five whorls without the prctoconch and has a long, open, slightly recurved canal. The protoconch. Fig, 3, has 1% smooth convex whorls. This specimen compares nearly identically with the photograph of Dali's type of N, scitulus Cat, i^^l22557, USNM, (Kosuge, 1975), Fig, 1. Bibbey specimen A Dorsal view, 16 mm. Fig, 2, Bibbey specimen A V/entral view. 16 mm. \Jol, XII (7) The Festivus 86 Fig, 4 illustrates the operculum of Bibbey specimen A and Fio. 5 shows the radula of the same specimen. Fig, 3. Protoconch of Bibbey Fig, 4, Operculum of Bibbey specimen A. specimen A. Fig, 5, Radula of Bibbey specimen A, Figs, 6 E3nd 7 are dorsal and ventral views of Bibbey specimen B, ^his form has six whorls and is 18 mm long. The bndy uihorl hag five spiral cords with weaker intercalary cords and the 11 varices are less lamellate. There are no spines on the shoulder, but it appears slightly tabulate. The siphonal canal on this specimen has been broken. Lot //22951 in the San Diego Natural History Museum contains two specimens labelled _N, lasius from Catalina Island, California, here illustrated in Figs, 8 and 9, Fig, 8 is a 7 mm specimen with 336 whotls. The body whorl has five strong spiral cords and 14 spinose shouldered, lamellate varices. Fig, 9 is a 14 mm specimen with five whorls. The body whorl has 8 strong spiral cords and a couple of weaker intercalary cords. The axial sculpture is reduced to v: rical ridges (13) and the shell is rounded not shouldered. a? The Festivus Fig. 6, Dorsal v/ieu of Bibbey specimen 18mm. Fig. a. SDf\)HM Lot j^^22951 7mm. Catalina Is. Ca. V/entral wieui. Fig, 7. Ventral view of Bibbey specimen B, 16 mm. Fig. 9. SDIMHM Lot #22951 14 mm Catalina Is. Ca. Dorsal view \yoi. XII (7) The Festivua aa Lot y^55562 in the San ^iggo (Matural History Museum contains two specimens liebelled l\J* lasius also from Catalina Island, California and ue illustrate them, in Figs, ID and 11, Fig, ID is a 16 mm specimen uith five whorls. The body whorl has ID strong spiral cords with no intercalary cords and there are 13 axial costae. It is rounded not tabulate. Fig. 11 is a 25 mm specimen of six whorls. The body whorl bears 13 close set major spiral cords with some intercalary cords. Axial sculpture consists of numerous very weak costae and the entire surface is strongly covered with incremental lamellae. The shell is rounded not shouldered. This specimen compares with Dali's type of N, lasius as figured in Willett (1938), Fig. ID, SDNHM ^55562 16 mm Catalina Is, Ca, Dorsal view Fig. 11, SDfMHM #55562 25 rnm Catalina Is, Ca, Dorsal view We therefore conclude that N, scitulus and N, lasius are synonymous, i;^, scitulus being the earliest name has priority, these illustrations show the range of morphological variation of this species and demonstrate that without seeing the intermediates, it is very easy to assume th"t there are at least two different species. Acknowledgments Mr, Loyal J, Bibbey generously donated the specimens from the La Jolla Trench used in this study, Mr. Jules Hertz made some helpful suggestions. 89 The Fsstivus Literature Cited Abbott, R» Tucker, 1974, American Seashells, 2nd Edition, 663 pp,, 6405 text figures, Uan Nostrand Reinhold, Burch, J.Q, ed, 1944-46, Distributional list of the West American marine Molluscs from San Diego, Oalifornia to the Polar Sea, from the Minutes of the Conchological Club of Southern California, Part II, ^51 (1945), Carpenter, P.P, 1866, The Pleistocene Fossils .. ,uith Description of New Species, Ann, & Mag, Nat, Hist, 321-325, Dali, William Healey, 1891, Scientific Results of Explorations by the U.S, Fish Commission Steamer Albatross. Report on Molluscs and Brachiopoda. PtOC, US!\IM Wol, 14, pp, 173-191. 1896, Scientific Results of Explorations by the U.S. Fish Comission Steamer Albatross, Bn some neu or interesting west American alhells... Proc. USNM Uol, 17, pp, 675-733, pis, 23-32, 1902, Illustrations and descriptions of neui, unfigured or impeorfectly knoiiin shells, chiefly American in the U.S, National Museum, Uol, 24: 499-566. pis, 27-40, 1919, Descriptions of IMey Species of Molluscs from the North Pacific Ocean in the collection of the U.S. Natl, Mus, Proc, USNM Uol, 56: 293-371, 1921, Summary of the Marine Shellbearing mollusks of the northuest coast of America... Bull. USNM 112. 215 pp, 22 pis. Keen, A.M. 1937, An Abridged Check List and Bibliography of west North American Marine Mollusca, 87 pp, Stanford Univ. Presi, Hosuge, Sadao, 1975, Illustrations of type specimens of mollusks described by William Healey Dali, 29 pis, Oldroyd, Ida B, 1927. The Marine Shells of the west coast of North America Uol. 2(2): 304 pp. pis, 30-72. \Jol, 2(1) pis, 1-29. Radyin, George E, & Anthony D'Attilio, 1976, Murex Shells of the World, 284 pp, 37 pis, Stanford Univ, Press, Uan Winkle, H.E.H, 1921, Illustrations and Descriptions of fosail Mollusca contained in the paleontological collections of Cornell University, Bull, Am, Paleont, V/ol. 8(36): 3-6, pi, 1, figs, 6-9, Willett, B, 1938, Remarks on some yest American Mollusca, Nautilus. V/ol, 52(1); 10-11, pi. 1. figs, 1-6. NEW MEMBERS Bukry, David, 675 Sq, 6i0rra #32^ Solana Beach, Ca, 92075, 755-8998 Keeler, James H,, 30 Park Lane, Chagrin Falls, Ohio 44022 Kemp, Bruce, 9420D Carlton Daks Dr, Santee, Ca, 92071, 449-7610 Musgrove, Jean, 875 Tourmaline St, San Diego, Ca, 92109, 488-3921 Scripps Institution of Oceanography Library, E-075C, Univ, Of Calif, at San Diego, La Jolla, Ca, 92093 CHANGE OF ADDRESS Strigliabott i , Susan M,, 2582 Del Mar Heights Rd, i^7, Del Mar, Ca, 92014 481-6177 Uol. XII (7) The Festivus 90 [VATICA (LUIMAIA) LUIMARI5 BtRRY, 1964 FORREST a LEROY POORMAN 15300 Magnolia Street, Space 55 liiestminister, California 92683 In 1964 Dr, b, Stillman Berry described ^^Jatica (Lunaia ) lunaris (Figs, la a lb) in his LEAFLETS I(\l MALACOLOGY, Uol, 1(24): 147-154, He listed Estero Tastiota, Sonora, Mexico as the type locality (offshore in 14-25 fms). The species differs from other Naticas in that the funicle, or ridge of callus, which ascends out of the umbilicus along the inner lip, is reduced to a scarcely noticeable projection on the edge of the lip. This feature led Dr, Berry (1964) to describe a new genus, Lunaia , within the (\l.3t icidae. Subsequent workers have placed the species in (Mat ica primarily because of the calcareous operculum. Fig, la, ventral view Fig, lb, dorsal view IMatica (Lunaia ) lunaris Berry, 1964 In the summer of 1979, we received a letter from Phil and Jewel Covey of Bahia San Carlas, Sonora, telling us that they had specimens of this species. This information added great anticipation to our annual migration to Guaymas in October, As soon as the trailer was in place, we visited the Coveys, They had made an extensive trip south as far as Manzanillo, Colima in June 1979, Their main objective was to walk the beaches. They reported that collecting could be considered poor compared to former years. This verified reports we had from as far south as northern Peru, It also re- flected our own experiences at San Carlos during October and (Movember, However, during a low tide in July 1979, while uialking a beach at Bahia Matenchen, (Mayarit they came on an area littered with IMatica (Lunaia ) lunaris (normally a deep water species). All specimens were without animals. Due to the generosity of the Coveys we now have in our collection a beautiful growth series of this previously hard to get species. In October 1979 we visited Bahia Matenchen with great expectations and found one dead specimen. 91 The Festivus IN MEMDRIAM EMERY P. CHACE 1882 - 1980 It is with sadness that we report the passing of Emery P, bhace, a charter member of The Ban Diego Shell Club and Curator of Marine Invertebrates at The San Diego Natural History Museum from 1954 until his retirement thirteen years later in 1967, Emery Chace became interested in shells as a young married man and he and his wife, Elsie Chace, were active collectors throughout their married life. They collected marine mollusks and fossils all along the west coast of the United States and in Mexico and collected land mollusks in the mountains and deserts. Many of their shells are a part of the scientific collection of the SDNHM, They kept detailed records of their findings and trips in their notebooks and the information contained in these provided the basis for the scientific papers they were to publish later. Emery Cpace only began his second career as curator of Marine Invertebrates after his retirement from the construction field at the age of 7C, In 1954 the curatorial post was a part time position and with Mrs, Chace as his assistant and working only ICC hours a month, they embarked upon the staggering task of curating the A.M, Strong collection. Many of our older members will fondly recall the warmth and graciousness of Emery and Elsie Chace and their desire to be of help to those who visited the Marine Invertebrate Department or attended our Club meetings in the Museum where they acted as our sponsors. Ten new species and one new genus were described for the Chaces and in 19bQ they received the American Maiacological Union, Idestern Division Honor Award Bt the Year for fifty years of distinguished work in conchology, Mr, Chace published over 2b papers in scientific journals both as sole author and as co-author with Mrs, Chace and others, A listing of his papers appears at the end of Conchological Reminiscences ^ * co-authored by the Chaces and published with the aid of the San Diego Society of Natural History on their retirement in 19b7, Mr, Chace described five new species, one of these co-authored with Mrs, Chace, The following are the species described by Emery Chace and the journals in which they were described, Helminthoqlypta traski misiona Chace, 1937, Holotype in SDNHM A new race of Helminthoqlypta traski from Lower California, Nautilus, Uol, 55(2):60-fal. Ammonitella yatesi allyni Chace, 1951, Holotype and Paratypes in SDNHM A new subspecies of Ammonitella, Nautilus V/ol, 64:122, □cenebra set tcmi Chace, 1958, Holotype in SDNHM Tne marine molluscan fauna of Guadalupe Island, Mexico, Trans, San Diego Sqc, Nat, Hist, 12: 319-332, Nassarius howarriae Chace, 1958, Holotype and Paratypes in SDNHM A new mollusk from San Eelipe, Baja California, Trans, San Diego Sac, Nat, Hist, 12: 333-334 Monadenia f irielis beryllica Chace & Chace, 1935, Holotype in SDNHM A new variety of Monadenia f idelis from Curry County, Oregon, Nautilus 49: 48-49. /i'./Bilah]R in Club library K\“(30 THE F4/« AIpII, WILLIAM H. DALL SECTiO.A'AL LIBRARY DIVIblON OF MOLLUSKS FESTIVUS SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968 MEETS THIRD THURSDAY, 7:30 P^M, ROOM 106, CASA DEL PRADO, BALBOA PARH President: ....Sandle Seckington UlcB President: David K, Mulllner Recording Secretary; Carol Burchard Corresponding Secretary Marjorie Bradner Treasurer; .Walter Robertson Editor: Carole M. Hertz ANNUAL DUES: Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc, Single membership $U,0Q; Family membership $5,00 Student membership $3*00; Overseas surface $6»OQ« CLUB ADDRESS: Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc,, c/o 3B83 Mt. Blackburn Ave,, San Diego, Calif,, 92111 \Jol, XII August I960 No, B * * * PROGRAM: David K, Mulliner ujill give a talk on photography of marine * animals accompanying his presentation with a display of his * photographic equipment and a selection of his slides, * Photographing in the studio, microphotography and underwater * photograp,hy will be discussed, * I Details of the September 13 party will be discussed. ♦ Date: August 21, 1980 Time: 7:30 P.M. Place: Room im CONTENTS Exploring the underwater ancient sea cliffs — an ecosystem MULLINER, DAUID K, 93 A note on PAZIELLA HY5TRICINA (Dali, 1889) D'ATTILIO, ANTHONY 95 Minute shells DAPHNELLA OLATHRATA Gabb, 1865. HERTZ, JULES 97 Club news 101 ****** ******-)Ht ******* 93 The Festivus EXPLORING THE UNDERWATER ANCIENT SEA CLIFFS AN. ECOSYSTEM* DAVID K. MULLINER Department of Marine Inve]'tebrates,, Natural History Museum^: Balboa Park P.D, Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 Ecosystems, regardless of size, consist of an assemblage of plants and animals linked by a Fundamental need — food. All of the energy (sunlight) and materials (minerals) originate basically in the physical environment. In the ecosystem living things absorb, transform, and circulate energy and matter and then release them to the environment again. The final release comes at death. The ecosystem that is of greatest interest to me at this time is the rocky reef area off Point Loma on the outer edge of the giant kelp (Macrosystis pyrif era) beds. The reef is as shallou as 50 feet in some places and drops on the seaward side as sheer cliffs to depths of more than 100 feet. This area is known as "The Ancient Sea Cliffs" and it does look like the sea cliffs along the present day Point Lom'^^ shoreline. The sun's rays reach down tenuously to st^’rt the flow of energy into the abundant algae, Upwelling brings minnrols up from the depths. The open sea sweeps against the cliffs bringing food (plankton) to the filter feeders, '-ind so the physical environment and the organisms interact with each other to form the ecosystem. Fig, 1, Calliostoma snnuletum Fig, 2, Hinnites qiqonteus (Lightfoot, 1786) feeding on (Gray, 1825) in sea cliffs, bryozoans. The diversity of life on the ancient sea cliffs is grnat(:r than most areas. It begins i.'ith the giant kelp, Pelegophycus porra , which reaches to the surface ujith its big buoyant ball and giant blades. The gastropod, Norrisia norrisi, c m occasionally be found here, also the opisthobr'mch , Melibe leonina. As lue swim doiun to the top of the reef we see the rocks covered with dozens of species of -’Igroe, Fish abound from the Cleaner Wrasse, Senorita, Bheephead, and Goby to the Rockfish, "Oebastes." Growing along the cliffs among the serj E-memones, Corynactis calif ornica , are the lacy bryozoans, Phidoloporc3 pocif ica. Living and feeding on the bryozoans is Calliostoma annulat urn (Fig, 1), Hydroids, Aqlaophenia and T ubularia^s re found here and so i.'re the m;?ny aeolid nudibrnnchs thr3t feed on them. The Uol. kll (8) The Feativus 94 cliffs are an excellent habitat for the rock scallop, Hlnnites qiqanteus (pig, 2), Many sponges are found on the reef. They are the prey of the many Dorid nudibranchs such as Archidoris monterevanals. ETadling marqinata (Fio. 3) Anisodoris nobilis , and Dendrodorls f ulva» In the cliffs and along the bass are many ledges and caves. Abalone can occasionally be found on the underside. Lobster (Fig, 4) hide in the caves along uith Ling cod and Cabezon, Dive at night and you might see the Monkey-faced Eel, Fig, 3 , - Cadlina mr-rginata (MacFarland, 1905) Fig, 4, Spiny lobster in crevice of cliffs At the base of the cliffs are jumbled rocks, mud and sand. There are many open and barren areas in contrast to the high density of life on the reef. The mater is much colder here; me are belom the thermocline. Many gastropods ore found in this area; Pteropurpura macroptera, Pteropurpura vokesae, Mitra idae, Kelletia kellet ii , Bursa calif ornica, Crassisplra semiinf lata, Meqasurcula carpent eriana (Fig, 5), Meqasurcula stearnsiana etc. Our air supply is running lorn so me suim back to the surface. Point Loma, two miles inshore, rises in steep cliffs 30 to 100 feet | high and then slopes upurard. It is off this part of San Diego that ue make our ueekend dives exploring, photographing and collEting, Fig, 5, Megasurcula carpenteriana (Gabb, 18o5) * From a talk given to the San Diego Shell Club by Dave Mulliner, Fig, 1. Paziella hystricina (Dali, 1809) SDMHM Lot #73599, dredged in 90 fms off Barbados, West Indies. Length: 12 mm Collector and Donor: Don Pisor v/oi, XII (a) The Feativue 96 A NOTE DM PAZIELLA HY5TRICIMA (DALL, 1889) ANTHDIMY D‘ATT.ILID Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park P,0, Box 1390^ San Diego, CaUlfornia 92112 The original description of Pazlella hystricina in the "Blake" report bias based on specimens collected in deep water throughout the Antillean area: 148 fms, off Montserrat, 170 fms off Martinique, and 254 fms off Cuba, The species description is accompanied by an engraved illustration, A number of specimens have been collected within the last two years by dredging in 90 fms off St, James Island, Barbados, Of two specimens I studied (SDMHM Lot ;^^73599) one resembles the type figure in its spiral sculpture and the other shows more numerous primary spiral cords, Dali indicates the presence of "three principle posterior and several smaller anterior spiral cords," The specimen figured in this paper (Fig, 1) shows five primary cords and 4 or 5 diminishing spiral cords anteriorly. Although Dali states that the shell has nine whorls, the engraving shows 6 whorls plus the protoconch. The specimens I studied have five whorls in addition to those on the protoconch and although mature in appearance (length 12 mm), it would seem that a single additional whorl would bring the length of the shell up to 21 mm, the size of the type. The number of varices are 7 to 9, The apertural denticles are a strong feature of this species and may number from 4 to 6, None of the specimens examined retained the complete and perfect series of shoulder spines demonstrated by the type figure. The shifting generic allocation of this species is apparent in the following synonymy; Phyllonotus hystricinus Dali, 1889, (Plate legend reads Murex hystricinus ). Hurex (Poirieria) hystricinus (Dali, 1889), Clench and Karf ante, 1945. Latiaxis hystricina (Pall, 1889), V/okes, 1971, Poirieria (Paziella) hystricina (Dali, 1889), Radwin and D'Attilio, 1976, Acknowledgments Mr, Don Pisor of San Diego was a member of a group that dredged this material off Barbados and kindly donated these specimens to the collection of The San Diego Natural History Museum, Literature Cited Abbott^ R, Tucker, 1974, American Seashells, Second Edition. The Marine Molluscs of the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of Norirh America, S63 pp,, 23 pis,, 6405 ^text Ulus,, (p, 185) Clench, William J, and I, Perez Farfante, 1945, The genus Murex in the Western Atlantic, Johnsonia, No, 17. pp, 1-58, 29 plsT ^pp. 45-46) Dali, William H, 1889, "Reposts of the Results of Dredging. . ,U.S. Coast Survey steamer "Blake". ,," XXIX. Report on the Mollusca. Part 2. Gastropoda and Scaphopoda, Bull. Mus. Comp, Zool,, Uol. 18. pp. 1-492 (p. 200^ pi, 16 fnot pi. 15j fig. 4) . , PP. x 4 Radwin, George E, and Anthony D'Attilio. 1976. Murex Shells of the World, An Illustrated Guide to the Muricidae. 284 pp, 32 pis., 192 text figs, (p, 85) Uokes,, Emily H, 1971, Catalogue of the genus Murex Linne (Molluscs & Gastropoda); Muricinae, Dcenebrinae. Bull, of Amer. Paleo. Uol. 61 #268. 141 pp. (p. 58) ' 97 The Festivus MINUTE SHELLS DAPHNELLA CLATHRATA GABB, 1065 JULES HERTZ Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park P»0. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 Among some small shells recently obtained From Loyal J, Bibbey was a single specimen of Daphnella clathrata Gabb, 1S65« The material had been trawled by Ronnie Nicols in nets in depths of 300 to 450 feet on the south side of the La Jollo Trench (off San Diego, California) from January to June 1979, The single specimen of £, clathrata is approximately 9.0 mm long and has a broken lip. Apertural and dorsal views are pictured in Figures 1 and 2, The shell is brown and has approximately 14 prominent as well as some intercalary cords on the body whorl. The axial sculpture is subdued on the body Ljhorl but is more prominent on the posterior whorls. The presence of axial sculpture on the body whorl is readily apparent using flat lighting (Figure 3), The differences in appearance under flat and normal lighting are significant and may contribute to some identification problems in litereture where the method of photogr .phy has varied from normal lighting and has not been adequately explained. Conversely, the use of special lighting effects can be beneficial in highlighting specific shell features that would normally be difficult to picture. The excellent photographs were taken by David K. Mulliner, Festivus staff photographer. Fig, 1, £, clathrata apertural view Length: approx, 9 mm normal lighting Fig, 2, £, clathrata dorsal view, same shell os in Fig, 1, normal lighting Fig, 3, D, clathrata apertural view, seme shell as in Fig. 1, flat lighting uoi^ XII (a) The Feativue 9a Identification of the shall uiaa confirmed by comparison with three lots of D* clathrata in tha San Diggo Natural History Musaum, SDNHM Lot ^22885 conTaina 4 spacimena from tha H.N, Louji collactlon obtained In 30 fathoms off Naujport, Ga» The largest shall in this lot is 13 mm, SDNHM Lot i^22BQ2 is elso from the H.N, Lows collection. This Hot consists of 5 sheila varying in size from 7 to 14 mm and in color from belgo to light brown. They uera collected in 50 fathoms off Catalina Island, Ea, The third lot, from the A,M, Strong collection (SDNHM ;^^40843), contslns 4 shells collactad in 30 to 40 fathoms off Catalina Island, Ca, The largest shall in this lot is 18 mm, and it has strongly rounded, closely spaced cords on the body uhorl. In-fact, there are significant differences in sculpture of the shells within lots and from lot to lot. The shells of Lot ^22882 all have heavier cording than the specimen figured here. Some have very heavy rounded cords on the body whorl with finer rounded cords between the heavier ones. Some of the cords are randomly beaded and a cursory examination of the specimens gave the impression that the shells had some white cords. Soma of the shells in both lots U22B>Ei2 and #22885 have cords with alternating color segments of white and beige, thus giving an outward appearance of having some white cords, D, clathrata was previously figured by Grant and Gale (1931), Hinds T1844) named the genus Daphnella and distinguished shells in this genus from other small Plaurotomaceas by stating that the Daphnella had "a thin fragile structure, elongated in form, the outer lip acute, and separated from the last whorl so os to leave a sinus, aperture of a lengthened oval, scarcely any canal, and with the surface usually transversely striated,” Gabb (18G5) described the species £, clathrata as follows; ”Shell small, fusiform, thin, aperture longer than the spire; nuclear whorls three or more, obliquely truncated above, convex below, this truncation is partially obsolete on the last whorl; surface closely clathrate, except on the lower part of the last whorl where the radiating lines become obsolete; aperture large, columella somewhat twisted, slightly encrusted; outer lip thin, acute, posterior sinus moderately deep and narrow, adjoining the suture and angular at its upper corner; color brownish white with minute brown spots sparsely scattered, usually placed on the larger of the revolving ribs,” Cooper (in Gabb, 1865) stated the type locality as Santa Catalina Island in 60 fathoms Find that the type was located in Survey Cabinet, Mollusca, No, 1053, Grant and Gale (1931) state that the type is housed at the University of California (?), Dali (1921) states the range as San Miguel Island to San Diego and Cortez Bank, California, This range is repeated by Dldroyd (1927), Grant and Gale (1931) and Abbott (1974), Burch (1946) notes the collections of Lowe off Catalina Island and off Newport Beach and collecting by Burch in 100 fathoms off Redondo Beach, California, Daphnella has traditionally been placed with Manqelia in the family TurritJae because they both lack an operculum. Powell (1966) states that "The operculum is either absent or reduced to vestigial size in the , Mangellinae and Daphnellinae , ” The most distinguishing feature for the Daphnella is the protoconch, Powell (1966) states ”The protoconch seems to be a valuable aid in the segregation of generic or subgeneric groups, but only one, the diagonally cancellate *sinusigera ' is narrowly diagnostic, being confined to the Daphnellinae and the Thacheriinse, always in associ- ation with a reversed L-shaped sinus or modification of it," McLean (1971) states that "shallow water eastern Pacific genera with diagonally cancellate protoconchs are Daphnella Hinds, 1844; Rimosodaphnella Cossman, 1915; Philbertia vMonterosato. 1884; and the new genus T runcadaphne , " 99 The Fsstivus The pratoconch of the spBcimen trawled off the La Jolla Trench !• illustrated in a SOX camera lucida drawing by Anthony D’Attilto (Flguiw 4), The first nuclear whorl has 6 raised nodulose (very fine) striae, A greatly enlarged view of this detail is also shown. The second and third whorle of the protoconch show axial raised ridges on the upper portion of the whorls and diagonally passing ridges below the shoulder resulting in excavated areas between, A greatly enlarged detail of this dathrate (latticed) structure is also shown in Figure 4, This protoconch is similar to that of Daphnella cancellata Hutton, 1878 illustrated by Powell (1966), It is interesting that such a distinguishing characteristic as the Daphnella protoconch was not mentioned in Hinds' description of the genus nor Gabb's description of the species D, clathrata. -ET "Q ■»»- O . li-XJ C" V f' Fig, 4, Protoconch of £, clathrata Drawing at SOX, details of nodulose striae and latticed sculpture greatly enlarged. The chipped lip on the specimen trawled south of the La Jolla Trench prevented the figuring of the species' distinctive sinus. Figure 5 is a 12X drawing by Anthony D'Attilio of a _D, clathrata specimen from SDIMHM Lotf^22882. It shows the posterior sinus adjoining the suture typical of the reversed L-shaped sinus of Daphnellinae, Grant and Gale (1931) have stated that ^Daphnella clathrata is the only character- istic California species.” They believed that another California species, Daphnella f uscoliqata Dali, 1871, was not a true Daphnella but a Flanqelie and the species name M, f uscoliqata was renamed the species Manqelia crassaspera. Abbott D, f uscoliqBta as a valid species with M, crassas "as a synonym, McLean (1978) placed the species i Monterosato, 1884 thus making the name Clathroman 1871), This species will be the subject of a fut Fig, 5, Drawing of D, clathrata showing distinctive sinus, magnification 12X, SDIMHM Lot ;S^22882 Length: approx, 7,5 mm, preoccupied. They therefore (1974), however, lists pera Grant and Gale, 1931 n the genus Clathromanqella qelia fuscoliqata (Pall. ure Festitrus article. \/oi» XII (a) The Festlvu* 100 Grant and Gale (1931) indicate that D, clathrata is very similar to the Caribbean species, Daphnella lymneifcrmls (Kianer. 1839-40) and that Pleurctcma lymneifcrmls is considered the typa (by subsequent designation, Herrm§nnsen, 1847) of the genus Daphnella Hinds, 1844, Grant and Gala also considered D, clathrata very similar to D, bartschi Dali, 1919 found in the Panamic region, except that D, bartschi has a shorter aperture and apparently a thicker shell. Further work on the Daphnella might show that lymneiformis is an analog of either D, bartschi or £, clathrata. Acknowledgments I am indebted to Loyal J, Bibbey for the shell and collecting data, to David K, Mulliner for the high magnification photographs and comments on the effects of lighting, and Anthony D'Attilio for the fine drawings and commentary on labial sinus and protoconch. Literature Cited Abbott, R, Tucker, 1974, American Seashells, Second Edition, V/an IMostrand Reinhold, 663 pp, 24 pis, Burch, John W, Ed, 19A6, Distributional list of the West American marine Mollusca from San Diego, California to the Polar Sea, [Extracts from thej Minutes of the Conchological Club of Southern California, Part II, Uol, II, I\!o, 62, p, 31 (August), Gabb, lilm, M, 1665, Proc, Cal, Acad, Sci, Wol, 3, p, 185, Grant, U.S,,. 1\1 and H.R, Gale, 1931, Catalogue of the marine Pliocene and Pleistocene Mollusca of California and adjacent regions, Mem, San Diego Sue, IMat, Hist,, Uol,l, pp, 1-1036, 15 figs,, pis. 1-32 (Oov, 3) [p, 542, pi, 25, figs, 23, 243, Hinds, R,B. 1844, Zool, V/oy. -sulphur, Mollusca, p,25, McLean, J.H, 1971, A revised classification of the family Turridae with the proposal of new subfamilies, genera, and subgenera from the eastern Pacific, Ueliger, i/ol, 14(1); 114-130. 4 pis, (July 1) McLean, J.H. 1978, Marine shells of Southern C-'llfornia, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Science Series 24, Zoology, No, 11, 104 pp. 54 figs,. Revised Edition (March 20), Qldroyd, Ida S. 1927, The marine shells of the West coast of North America, Stanford Univ, Pub,, Univ, Ser,, Geol, Sci,, Wol, 2, Pt, 1, p, 150, Powell, A.LlI.B, 1866, The molluscan families Speiqhtiidae and Turridae, Bull. Auckland Inst, and Mus, No, 5, 184 pp,, 23 pis, (Nov. 1), Dr, Hans Bertsch has resigned from his position as Curator of Marine Invertebrates at the Ban Diego Natural History Museum, He has accepted a position as Science Education Advisor at the Waikiki Aquarium in Hawaii, liJe wish him success in his new position, Anthony D*Attilio is now Acting Curator in the Department of Marine Invertebrates, FDR SALE BY SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB— The Club has a duplicate set of The Ueliger. Uolumes 1-12 for sale. Uolumes 1-8 and 10-12 are out of print and unavailable in their original form. The Club is asking S250, plus postage for these volumes. Please address all inquiries to the editor. 101 The Festiuvs FROM THE MINUTES San Diego Shell Club Meeting - 17 July 1980 CAROL B ORCHARD Vice President David Mulliner called the meeting to order at 7:55 P.M, and guests and neu members were introduced* Anthony D'Attilio uas the speaker for the evening, Tony is a distinguished artist as well as malacologist uho has been uith the San Diego Natural History Museum for the past eleven years, Tony accompanied his talk on radula morphology with his drawings of radulae as well as electron micrographs and slides of the shells discussed. During the refreshment break there was viewing of the beautiful Murex brought for exhibit and shell trading. Also on exhibit was the Festivus display which had been prepared for the U],S.M, meeting in June, The September party will be held on Saturday the 13th and the theme will be East Indian, Details at the August meeting. The Club requires a host for the party. If you are willing to let the Club l uae^ your home or garden, please contact a Board rrember. The meeting ended with Tony D'Attilio shauing slides of some of his his paintings. It was a delight to view them. The meeting was adjourned at 9:20 P.M. NEU MEMBERS Brosius, Doris & George, #159 14 0746, Dep, Mail Sect,, Box 11, APQ San Francisco, Ca, 96301 Martin, Cynthis & Philip "Moki", 1117 G Ave,, ^oronado, Ca, 92118. 435-3214 McPeak, Ron, 7989 La Brusca Way, Carlsbad, Ca, 92008. 942-3489 Sears, Mr, l^ody^ 12875 Caminito Del Canto, Del Mar, Ca, 92014, 455-6322 Winkler, Jutta, 1657 Hearsarge Rd,, La Jolla, Ca. 92037. 459-2484 CHANGE OF ADDRESS Mabry, Billee & Don, 1233 Monte Uista, Palm Springs, Ca, 92262. Bertsch, Judith & Hans, c/o Waikiki Aquarium, 2777 Kalakaua Ave, Honolulu, Hawaii 96815 Temporary address —until October Bradner, Marge & Hugh, University of Hawaii, High Energy Physics, DUMAND, 2505 Correa Rd,, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 FOR YOUR INFORMATION Under the terms of the Balboa Park Commision and the San Diego Botanical Foundation, under whose auspices we meet in Room 104 of the Casa Del Prado free of charge, we are not permitted to sell or make a profit on anything while in their building, (But trading is most certainly permitted before the meetings and during the refreshment break). Shell desk diaries willi be available at the September meeting 3 S4.25. Notify Wally Robertson if you want to order any calendars § S3, 00, He will have to place a new order. i^oii THE FESTIVUS SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968 MEETS THIRD THURSDAY, 7:30 P.M. ROOM 104, CASA DEL PRADO, BALBOA PARK President:, Sandie Seckington Vice President; David K. Mulliner Rec. Secretary: Carol Burchard Corres. Secretary :, .Mar jorie Bradner Treasurer: Walter Robertson Editor:. Carole M. Hertz ANNUAL DUES: Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc. Single membership $4*00; Family membership $5.00 Student membership $3*00; Overseas surface $6.00. CLUB ADDRESS: Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc. c/o 3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, Calif., 92111. Vol. XII September I98O No. 9 COME TO THE ANNUAL SEPTEMBER PARTY (Saturday evening, September 13» 1980) ?he party will have an East Indian theme and will be held at the fhome of Margaret and Dave Mulliner. The party will begin at 6:00 P.M jfSee map on last page of this issue for details and directions. There jl:will be no regular meeting this month. CONTENTS Notes on TURRITELLA LEU COS TOMA Valenciennes, I832 HERTZ, CAROLE M IO3 Notes on gastropod radulae D'ATTILIO, ANTHONY 110 Notes on CALLIOSTOMA VARIEGATUM Carpenter, I864 HERTZ, JULES H5 Club news 117 j;o;c;c;c;c>;;5;c;c;c;c;c;c5;c;c;o;c: 103 The Pestivus NOTES ON TURRITELLA LEUCOSTOMA VALENCIENNES, I832 CAROLE M. HERTZ ' Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park,,. P.O. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 1 Class Gastropoda Family Turritellidae Vvoodward, l85l Genus Turri tella Lamarck, 1799 Turritella leucos toma Valenciennes, 1832 Turritella leucostoma VALENCIENNES, I832, in Humboldt and Bonpland, Voyage aux regions equinoxiales du nouveau continent fait en 1799- 190i|. Vol. 2, Zool. pp. 275-276. KIENER. I8I4.3-I8I41. Icon, des ; coquilles vivantes..., p. 9, pi. 6, fig. 2. MERRIAM. 19i|-i» U.C. ; Pub. Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci.Vol. 26, p. 56. pi. 38» fig. 11. ' HERTLEIN & STRONG. 1955. Bull. Am. Mus.Nat. Hist. Vol. 107(2): 271- 273. KEEN. 1971. Sea shells of Tropical W. America, p. 392, fig. j ilUO. ABBOTT. 197U* American seashells, 2nd ed. p. 95* i Turritella tigrina KIENER, l643“l644* Icon, des coquilles vivantes... ; pT 29, pi. 4, fTg. 2. REEVE, l8i|9. Conchologia iconica. Vol. 5» Sp. 8, pi. 3> fig. 6. TRYON, 1886. Manual of conch. Vol. 8, p. 199, pi. 62, figs. 65 & 66. Turritella cumingii REEVE, l8i|9. Conch, iconica. Vol. 5, Sp. 13, pi. kf fig. 13.., . Turritella dura MORCH, i860. Malakozool. Blatter... Vol. 7(2) :7o. kEEl'J , Occas. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 59, p. 22-23, figs. 27a, b,c. | This second in a series of articles on Turritella found in the Gulf of California, Mexico, treats the distinctive species, Turritella |; leucostoma Valenciennes, 1832. Valenciennes described but did not figure the species which he called popularly, ’’Turritella a bouche blanche” or white mouthed Turritella. His original description was based on a I4. inch specimen irom Acapulco, Mexico. In I8I1.3 Kiener described and figured T. tigrina (Fig. 1) and also figured and described what he considered was T. leucostoma Val., 1832. Later workers Merriam (I9I4-I-U2), Hertlein & Strong ( 1955 ) , Keen (1971) and Abbott (197i-) considered T. tigrina and T. leucostoma j conspecific . In 1814.9 Reeve ’’redescribed” T. leucostoma using a different figure than Kiener (Fig. 2). He also ’^redescribed” and refigured T. tigrina and in the same volume named and figured a new species, T. cumingii (Fig. 3) from Panama. The figures of T, tigrina and T. cumingii figured by Reeve have imperceptible differences; cumingii jj is merely a more slender shell than T. tigrina. Merriam ( I9I4-I-I4-2 ) ’ states that, leucostoma Val. ( tigrina kiener . cumingii Reeve) seemingly represents a distinct stock which may have appeared in Pacific North American waters late in the Cenozoic.” Hertlein & Strong (1955) state that ’’There is variation in the shape and orna mentation of the whorls [bf T. leucos tomal but the characteristic features of this species are^usually defined and quite different from these of any other west American Turritella. ” Keen (1971) and Abbott (197il) also consider T. cumingii to be a synonym of T. 1. leucostoma. Vol. XII (9) The Festivus 10k In i860 Morch named but did not figure a species he called T. dura. After studying the four syntype specimens of T. dura in the Copenhagen Museum, Keen (1966, Fig. 2?a,b,c) considered T. dura a synonym of T. leucostoma (Fig. i|). ^ Fig. 1. T. tisrina Kiener, l8i|.3 xerox copy of* original PI. 4 No. 2 in Kiener (1814.3). Fig. 2. xerox copy of PI. II No. 5 from Reeve (l849) (Reeve* s conception of T. leucostoma Val.4 Fig. 3. T. cumingii Reeve, l81|9 xerox copy of original PI. IV No. 13 from Reeve ('184^. Fig. 4» T. dura Morch, i860 halftone of photo of syntypes of T. dura in the Copenhagen Mus'eum in Keen (1966). 105 The Festivus T. leucostoma is easily recognized and separated from other species of Turritella occurring in the Gulf of California though there is variation among individuals of the species. The sculpture of T. leucostoma is essentially an unchanging feature from the first whorl of the teleoconch to the body whorl with the exception of a slightly more prominent central cord on the first 6 to 9 whorls of some specimens. The whorls are turret-shaped, contracted posteriorly, and projected out anteriorly; some specimens showing a more rounded periphery than others. Figures 5-10 are all specimens of T. leucostoma and illustrate the variability within the species.*;:- While in juvenile specimens the whorls are usually angulate throughout the length of the shell, in the adult the later whorls are sometimes more rounded at the periphery as in Figure 7. Figure 8 shows a change in the spiral sculpture on the body whorl after the animal's shell was injured. The length of mature shells studied varied from approximately 59mm (SDNHM Lot#28219 from Mazatlan, Sin. Mex. , Fig. 6) to 139 mm (SDNHM Lot#19583 from Magdalena Bay, B.C., Mex.). Mature shells also varied from very slender to robust. A specimen from San Felipe, B.C., Mex. (Fig. 10) is a very slender shell of 120 mm. The number of whorls per inch is inconsistent from specimen to specimen and not a reliable diagnostic feature. Fig. 5* T» leucostoma SDNHM Lot #28217 (Kino Bay, Son. ^ Mexico) Collector: H.N. Lowe Fig. 6. T. leucostoma SDNHM Lo^t #28219 (Mazatlan, Sin., Mexico) Collector: H.N. Lowe Length: 64 mm (18 whorls) Length: 59 mm (17 whorls) Fig. 7. T. leucostoma SDNHM Lot #605bl (Kino Bay, Son., Mexico) Collector: A.M. Strong Length: 75*5 mm (I6 whorl 106 Vol. XII (9) The Festivus Fig. 8, T. leucostoma SDNHM Lot#2H^^^ (San Juan Del Sur, Nicaragua ) Collector: H.N. Lowe Length; 100 mm (19 whorls) Fig, 9. T. leucostoma SDNHM Lot /1|I|395 (Concepcion Bay, B.C., Mexico ) Collector: Dr, Lindsey Length: 10[|. mm (l8 whorl ^ Fig. 10, T, leucostoma Gemmell Collection (San Felipe, B.C., Mex. ) Collector: Joyce Gemmell Length: ll8 mm (25 whorls} dead collected. -Ji- All specimens photographed had the nucleus decollated. Each whorl has between J4. and 6 prominent spiral cords. Most specimens examined have from 2 to rows of minor cords between the major ones. Some show no minor cords, some show some double rows of minor cords between the major ones (Fig, 9), and in some specimens the minor cords approach the strength of the major ones. There is no axial sculpture. Figure 11 is a scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of a por- tion of the body whorl and the penultimate whorl of the juvenile speci- men (15 mm long, 11 whorls) in Figure 12, The SEM shows a whorl of 5 strong primary cords and no developed axial sculpture. In this specimen faint minor cords can be seen. The spiral cords often appear nodulose but are actually smooth. The bumpy appearance is the result of the highlights of the flammulose color pattern (Figs. 8 & 9). The ’’neatly articulated ridges” described and figured in Reeve (l8i|9) [Fig, 23, would have been a result of this misleading effect provided by the color patterning. The patterning ranges from a light orange-brown to a deep chocolate color. The interior of the rounded aperture is white. However, the exterior color often shows through giving the interior a brown cast or showing the flammulose marking of the exterior. i07 Tne Festivus Fig. 11 SEM at 20X of penultimate whorl and portion of body whorl of the juvenile T. leucos toma pictured in Fig. 12. Fig- 12 T. leucos toma SDNHM Lot #2«21? (Kino Bay, Son., Mex. ) Collector; H.N. Lowe Length; 15 rrmi(*ll whorls) More than 100 specimens were studied and none had the proto- conch intact. Merriam (lOi+l) states that, "the calcareous protoconch of Turn i tella is essentially the same in all species examined, and is similar to that of other genera - for example, some of the Cerithiidae. This structure is too simple and generalized to be of value for purposes of taxonomy." Interest- ingly he notes that the turbinate protoconch is often decollated as the shell matures and that the breakage is repaired by the pos- terior mantle tip which secretes a septum to seal the break. Marwick (195?) and Garrard (1972) however, consider the protoconch as criteria for classification of the family. Figure 13, an SEM at 90X, details the early whorls of the decollate juvenile specimen in Figure 12 Fig. 13 SEM at 90X of first whorls of juvenile specimen in Fig. 12. Vol. XII (9) The Festivus 108 Aa It illustrates the more prominent cord on the first 6 to 9 whorls of some specimens mentioned earlier. Very little has been written about the operculum in the Turritellidae. Merriam (19i;l) gives the following generalized de- scription. ’’The operculum is a horny, circular, multispiral plate with a central nucleus and fimbriated edge; it closely resembles the operculum of Potamides.” Fretter and Graham (1962) add that the operculum is edged with bristle-like extensions as in some vermetids.” In their discussion of feeding they add that T. cormnunis partially withdraws its head and 7oot during feeding "and the operculum brought forward so that its spinous edge acts as a subsidiary filter...." Neither Graham (1938) in his work on food col- lecting in: T. communis nor Yonge (19i|6) on the life Eabits ot communis mention the operculum in this regard. In Figure ll|, drawn at 6X, the number of spiral rings of the operculum of a mature specimen is shown diagramatically. The operculum grows in a succession of spirals attached to the inner layer which is attached to the foot. The edges of these ig. Ill Operculum of T. leuco stoma at 6X 'Operculum bent in drying and )pears ovate. Dotted lines low circular shape). Fig. 15 Detail of segment of operculum drawn at 25X, 109 The Festiviis spirals, or bands, often separate from the succeeding spiral forming an irregularly fimbriated, or frayed, edge. Figure 15 shows a segment of the operculum of T. leucostoma drawn at 25X, It indicates the rows of primary, secondary, and tertiary tubercles (T) in relation to the spiral rings (R). The tubercles are conically shaped unless broken and are a dark brown color. The diagonal striations (S) on the bands do not radiate from the nucleus but follow the direction of growth. The lines indicated are the dividing lines of the raised ridges, (F) represents the fimbriated, or frayed, edges of the bands. The specimens studied were from the San Diego Natural History Museum (SDNHM), California Academy of Sciences (Oal, Acad,), the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History (LACM), and local private collections. The specimens studied ranged from Punta Abreojos (LACM Lot #71-4 on the outer coast of Baja California, Mexico) to Panama (Cal. Acad. Lot #341^ Lot #4^549 £Coiba Is^), and northward through the Gulf of California to San Felipe, Baja Calif,, Mexicp (Mulliner collection, 1 specimen, subadult, live collected, -4*0' ’ tide, November 13> 1966), Two adventitious specimens were noted from ”238° True, miles off Huntington Beach, California 33°37’60"N, ll8°04' 17"W, from I8 fathoms on green mud and fine sand,. February I6, 1941''* (LACM Lot #AHF235-41 ) • TLe reported range for this species (Keen, 1971) is from Cedros Island, Baja California, Mexico to Panama and south through the Gulf of California, Acknowledgments I am indebted to Anthony D*Attilio for his drawings of the operculum, for his discussion of its morphology and for his critical reading of the paper, I want to thank David K, Mulliner for the many hours he spent photographing ’ the majority of the specimens illustrated, Barbara W. Myers for the photograph of the specimen in Figure 10, and Robert Pettyjohn for the scanning electron micrographs, I am grateful to Dr, Barry Roth of the Cal. Academy for his gracious help and to Dr, James H, McLean, Gale Sphon, and Patrick LaFollette for making the LACM collection available to me. My thanks to librarians Judith Dyer and Carol Barsi of the SDNHM for their help in locating obscure publications and to Margaret Mulliner and Joyce Gemmell who permitted me to examine specimens in their collections. My appreciation to Jules Hertz who critically read and proofread the article , In addition to the literature cited in the synonymy, the following works were also cited. Fretter, v, & A. Graham, 1962, British Prosobranch Molluscs, Ray Society. 755 PP» Garrard, T.A, 1972, A revision of Australian Recent and Tertiary Turritellidae (Gastropoda: Mollusca). J. Malac, Soc. Austral, Vol. 2(3) :267-338. Graham, A, 1938, On a ciliary process of food-collecting in the gastropod Turritella c ommuni s Risso, Proc. Zool, Soc, London. Vol. 108, Ser. Z, pp, 4^3-463* Marwick, J, 1957. Generic revision of the Turritellidae, Proc, Malac, Soc, London, Vol, 32(4) J 144-L66, Yonge, C,M, 1946, On the habits of Turritella communis Risso, J, Mar, Biol, Assn, U,K,, 26: 37V-380, Vol, XII (9) The Feativus 110 NOTES ON GASTROPOD RADULAE ANTHONY D»ATTILIO^^ Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park, P.O, Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 Study of the gastropod radula begins with developing a technique for extracting the radula out of the animal *'s body, cleaning and then mounting the radula for microscopic viewing. The dissection becomes especially troublesome when the soft parts of the animals* bodies are surrounded by a hard shell. Various methods of softening or rotting the tissue have been used. The shell can be broken open, or the soft parts can be carefully teased out. For those species without a shell, or when the animal has been preserved with the head extended, a simple lateral incision opens the buccal mass to extraction with forceps. The ribbon then can be isolated and cleaned by soaking in a 5% solution of sodium hypochlorite which will dissolve the surrounding animal tissue. This chemical is sold commonly in food chain stores as Chlorox or by some other trade name. If the specimen is very small, the entire soft parts can be placed in sodium hypochlorite until the radula can be lifted out. Because of the corrosive effects of the chemical, cleaning must be continually monitored or the entire radula can be dissolved. Mounting of the radula on a slide has been explained • numerous times in the literature. See Radwin, G.E,, 1969. Technique for extraction and mounting of Gastropod radulae. Veliger, Vol, 12(1): ll4.3-li|I|., for further information. The study and illustration of the radula may >be simple or compli- cated depending on the morphology of the species being examined. For example, a simple radula in the Muricidae subfamily Muricinae, will have a flat rachidian or central tooth, only weakly arched so that there is very little variation of views in the form being studied. In 2 other subfamilies of Muricidae the rachidian tooth will not lay down flat because of its com- parative thickness and strong sculpture in 3 di- mensions, NoJ; only is the rachidian tooth strongly arched but it is relatively thick for its width and height. The result is that the teeth will have a ten- i Radula of Murex tribulus Linne, 1758 dency to rest in all sorts ® of positions which makes it . . t difficult to understand the perspective of each view. Figure 1 shows a typical radula of a Murex s.s. It is a matter of personal Adapted from a paper by Anthony D*Attilio and Hans Bertsch entitled, "Studying Radular Morphology,” and presented at W.S.M, I98O by Anthony D’ Attilio, Ill The Festivus judgement then to decide what the most understandable view or aspect of the individual tooth is and then search for any resting in the position required. However, in our view, there is no ,one perspective which explains the entire morphology, Radular teeth are components of a complex, intricate, moving system. The relative position of teeth at rest inside the mouth is different than the position of the teeth in relation to each other when the radula is used in feeding. For this reason an understanding of such teeth is best obtained by showing as many views as possible-- lateral, dorsal, ventral, and whatever other view is available on the slide. Another disconcerting nroblem arising in the study of small radulae having a strong three-dimensional aspect is that often the whole tooth cannot be brought into focus in one plane. Since some portion of the tooth will not be in focus or even visible, the microscope lens has to be shifted up or down to bring the different areas or contours of the teeth into focus. If one is using a camera lucida to make an enlarged illustration, adjustments have to be made constantly in the drawing because the subject is made larger or smaller as the lens is moved up or down. Thus, you cannot pick up a line and continue your drawing without "fudging" the lines to be connected. This happens even though the lens being used remains the same. One other problem is that the radula is translucent, and one has to decide whether the tooth is being viewed dorsally or ventrally. After studying the overall perspective and relationships of teeth to each other on the radular ribbon, individual or small clusters of teeth can be detached for analysis. The overlapping of the teeth can obscure the denticles and the contour of both the entire tooth and the denticles. The scanning electron microscope is especially useful to visual- ize the three-dimensional structure of radular teeth, and their functional inter-relationships. These micrographs reveal how the teeth fit against each other, and the variation in the shape and size of the main cusp depending on the angle of view. Figures 2a and 2b Fig. 2a. Shii of Cvpraes. tessellata radula. 150/1+5^X Fig, 2b. oEM of C. tessellata radula from different angle than in Fig, 2a. lOOX Vol. XII (9) The Festivus 1I2 and reproduced here from his article, "The Sharp-Tongued Mollusks," (Festivus, Vol, XI(2)j 9-15)* After we have examined the radula, we can use it for taxonomic purposes. The radula can be a very effective tool, especially in species where genus or subfamily assignment has been previously dubious because of ambivalent morphological characters in the shell. Regardless of its importance, the radula should always be considered only one character among many in descriptive taxonomy. Following are several examples in which the study of the radula suggests a change in taxonomic placement, Austro trophon cerrosensis (Dali, 1891) in my opinion does not belong in the Muricidae subfamily Trophoninae but in the Ocenebrinae. It is closely allied to Forreria belcheri ( Hinds , 1 ) , in~ the Thaididae with which it may have congeneric affinities. Figures 3 and I4. show the radulae of Austro trophon cerrosensis and Forreria belcheri, Both have a Forreria type radula. Small or semi -mature shells of both these species are similar and can very easily be mistaken one for the other. For contrast note the radula of a true trophonoid, Trophon geversianus (Pallas, 1777 )» icihe type of the genus^in Figure 5* The radula has the simple 5 pointed tooth characteristic of many Trophoninae species. If we examine the genera Rapana from the western Pacific type species R. bezoar (Linne, 1787) and Neorapana from the eastern Pacific type species N. muricata (Broderip, I832) we see that these genera should probably be synony- mized considering the close relationship of the radulae, shell morphology, and the very few species involved. Figure 6 shows the radula of Rapana bezoar and Figure 7 Pacific species, Neorapana muricata. Fig, 3* Radula of A, cerrosensis Fig. Ij., Radula of F, belcheri illustrates the radula of the eastern 113 The Festivus Fig. 6. Radula of Rap ana bezoar Fig. ?• Radula of Neorapana muricata (after Thiele [jl929j ) Vol. XII (9) The Festivus Ilk The most distinguish- ing character of the family Muricidae is the almost consistent presence of 5 major-minor denticles, and depending on the subfamily, additionally ornamented with fine laterally placed folds extending, at times, into points (Figure 8). Ocenebra erinaceus (Linne, 175b )» ranging from England to the Mediterranean, has the typical form of species in the Ocenebrinae. Based on radular studies some genera usually included in the family may need a re-interpretation of taxonomic placement. For example, the radula of Phyllocoma scalarif ormis (Broderip, ltJ33) shows a central radular tooth with only 3 cusps (Figure 9) instead of 5. Vitularia salebrosa (King & Broaerip, ltJ32) is another eastern Pacific species (Figure 10) but this has 7 cusps instead of 5* Fig, 8, Radula of Ocenebra erinaceus typical Ocenebra 8,s, Fig, 9. Radula of Phyllocoma scalariformis Fig, 10. Radula of Vitularia salebrosa 115 The Festivus NOTES ON CALLIOSTOMA VARIEGATUM CARPENTER, iSOi^. JULES HERTZ Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park P.O. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 A juvenile specimen of Callios toma variegatum Carpenter, I86I4. was recently obtained from Loyal J, 6ibbey in some material trawled off the south side of the La Jolla Trench (off San Diego, Ca,), The material was trawled in nets by Ronnie Nicols in depths of 3OO to 14.50 feet from January to June 1979. Although the specimen figured below is only 6,5 iwn in diameter and approximately 7 nim in height, this species is not considered "minute" since adult specimens have been re- ported as large as 26 mm in height and 26 mm in width (Dali, 1902), Although uncommon, this species' range was reported by Burch (19I4-6) as Forrester Island, Alaska to Cerros Island, Lower California (Mexico); specimens having been dredged in depths of 20 to 60 fathoms. Individual lots nave been reported in the literature| from various locations off California (Avalon, Catalina Island;| San Diego; San Pedro; and Monterey) ^ It has also been reported from Puget Sound, Washington near the San Juan Islands and off Forrester Island, Alaska. Rice (1971) cites the species as being found from the intertidal to 600 foot depths. Carpenter (I664) named the species from one living specimen (6 mm in height) dredged in Puget Sound by Dr. C.B.R. Kennerley, and described it in comparison to Callios toma annul a turn (Lightfoot, 176b) as "small, more conical , nodules more distant, white on rosy ground," In l665. Carpenter wrote a more detailed Latin description, Dali (1902) further described the species based on adult specimens. Palmer (195^) summarizes the synonymy of C. variegatum and lists the holotype as U.S, National Museum, No, "1x201 ?*'which bears the printed label, "Puget Sound, W.T. Dr. Kennerly (sic) Type." Oldroyd (1927) stated that the type was in the U.S, National Museum, no. 122567. However, Palmer (1956) pointed out that this specimen could not be the original Carpenter type since it was collected in Puget Sound in I691 and that no. 122567 was probably the specimen figured by Dali (1902). The latter figure is that of an adult specimen, 25.0 mm in height. Palmer described the holotype (no, 4201) as "a beautiful specimen with a tiny entire rosy protoconch consisting of one or more smooth bulbous whorls with an indistinct line of demarcation followed by a large rougn whorl with spiral ribs, but the ribs are not nodose; the Callios toma variegatum Carpenter^ 1664 Magnification 12,5k Vol. XII The Festivus 116 nodosity begins on the following ribs. On the body whorl there is a' fourth nodose interradial which on the whorls of the spire is a faint cord; the nodes are white with brownish internodes , " The specimen figured here from the La Jolla Trench is approximately the same size as the holotype. It is decollate, and the teleoconch consists of five whorls. The first post-nuclear whorl has two smooth spiral cords, the next three whorls have three very nodulose cords, and the body whorl has an intercalary cord in addition to the three spiral cords. The cords are reddish brown while the nodules are translucent white. There is no consistent pattern of rows formed by the nodules in adjacent cords. Sutures between whorls are distinct and more depressed than the spaces between cords. There is a relatively smooth cord on the periphery of the body whorl. The basal area iso flattened with five prominent cords containing brown spots on a translucent white back- ground. In addition, it has a number of flatter, less prominent inter- calary cords. The aperture is subquadrate. Two lots or C. variegatum in the collection of the San Diego Natural History Museum were studied for comparison purposes. One lot, SDNHM 29ii4l» consisting of a single shell approximately 13 mm in height and width was obtained in 50 fathoms off Santa Catalina Island, California, The second lot, SDNHM 29i4-09, consists of l\. shells collected by George Willett off Forrester Island, Alaska, These speci- mens are approximately as wide as they are tall and vary in height from 13 to 20 mm. In adult shells the sutures are more distinct, the alternating brown areas are more subdued, and the basal cords are more prominent. Rice (1971) contains an excellent color photograph of an adult specimen. The specimen figured here ahows the shell as it was trawled, with- out cleaning, I am indebted to David K, Mulliner, Festivus staff photographer, for the excellent photograph. Literature Cited Burch, J.Q, Ed, 194^* Distributional list of the West American marine Mollusca from San Diego, California to the Polar Sea, ^Extracts from the^ Minutes of the Conchological Club of Southern California, Part II, Vols, I-II (Gastropoda), Nos, I).^-63. Carpenter, P.P. l864« Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America, Rep. Brit, Assoc, Adv. Sci, for I863, pp. 517-686 (Aug,), 1865, Diagnoses specierum et varietatum novarum Moluscoriam, prope Sinum Pugetianum a Kennerlio, nuper decesso. collectorum, Acad, Nat. Sci, Phila, Proc, Vol, 17, pp. 54-84 (AprilK Dali, W.H, 1902, Illustrations and descriptions of new, unfigured, or imperfectly known shells, chiefly American, in the U.S, National Museum, Proc, U.S.N.M, Vol, 24, No. 1264, pp. 499-566, pis, 27-40* Oldroyd, Ida S, 1927. The marine shells of the West coast of Nortn America, Stanford Univ, Pub,, Univ, Ser. Geol, Sci, Vol. 11(3) 340 PP*» pis, 73-108, Palmer, Katherine E, v.W, 1958. Type specimens of marine Mollusca described by P.P, Carpenter from the west coast (San Diego to British Columbia), Geol, Soc. America Mem, 76, 376 pp,, 35 pis, (Dec, 8), Rice, Tom, 1971, Marine shells of the Pacific northwest, Ellison Industries, Inc, 102 pp,, 40 pis, (June), 117 The Festivus FROM THE MINUTES San Diego Shell Club Meeting - 21 August I98O CAROL BURCHARD President Sandie Seckington called the meeting to order at 7 :l\3 P.M. Guests were introduced and a food signup list was passed for the Shell Club party on September 13th. This event will take place at the home of Margaret and Dave Mulliner^and the theme is Indian (Hindu), Kay Taylor has volunteered to give Sari wrapping lessons at Carole Hertz's on September 2nd at 7s30P.M. Dave Mulliner was the guest lecturer for the evening and gave a very informative presentation on photographing marine animals both in the studio and underwater. Dave demonstrated with slides how the back- ground colors, shadowing, and focusing affect the shell's appearance. He also showed many other techniques of photographing in and out of wata? and microphotography. Dave was good enough to bring his equipment enabling members to view the setups first hand and ask questions, (An adaptation of this talk will appear in .a future Festivus. Ed.), After the refreshment break there was a brief business meeting, A request was made to buy an electric carbon ribbon typewriter (office model) for the Club and, specifically, for The Festivus, The motion was made and passed unanimously, A discussion followed with suggestions for raising money to repay the Club treasury for this purchase. It was announced that a $5 per meeting fee may be enacted by the city for the use of the meeting room. Roland Taylor won the door prize. The meeting was adjourned at 9:14-5 P.M, NEW MEMBERS CAIAZZA, MARY, 280 Surfview Court, Del Mar, Ca., 92014 GIBSON, DONNA, 3511 Park Blvd. Apt. #4, San Diego, Ca. 92103, 692-0084 CHANGE OF ADDRESS NELSON, SUSAN & JOHN, 535 North 3rd St., Logan, Utah. 84321 SZ^'?!y/'~xe ^ ''/r^/ ^ JX V r.5?r3 I JZ/uJOi^ S' 3r/^f /^ /JrcrJ ,jp. '^t:'rc/^’^ ccl^^J"^/'J^ ^ w mi "C. ‘BEISS ^3 MciMi m. "4S« Smithsonian Institution Library-Acquisitions Acct #9010520201 Washington D, C. 2056O % SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968 MEETS THIRD THURSDAY, 7:30 P.M. ROOM 104, CASA DEL PRADO, BALBOA PARK President:,,. Sandie Seckington Vice President: David K, Mulliner Rec, Secretary: Carol Burchard Corres, Secretary :. .Mar jorie Bradner Treasurer: Walter Robertson Editor: Carole M. Hertz ANNUAL DUES: Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc, Single membership $4.00; Family membership $5.00 Student membership $3.00; Overseas surface $6.00, CLUB ADDRESS: Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc. c/o 3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, Calif,, 92111. All October I960 iO . 0 PROGRAM: John Duffy, marine biologist with The Department of Pish and C-ame, will speak on, "The Sea Life of Australia." he will accompany his talk with many of the underwater slides he took while in Australia, Slides of the September party will also be shown. This will be Marginella Night, Bring your Marginellas for display. Tnere will be a silent auction of shells to help raise funds for the typewriter for The Festivus. Date; October 16, I98O Time: 7:36 PM Room lOR OONTENTS Observations on DIIiYA CALIP"'0RN lANA Berry, 1936 and redescription of the hinge ( Hivaivia : Dimyacea ) MYh.RS, BARBARA W. and ANTHONY D» ATTILIO . . . . 119 Club news 124» 12b SIPHONIUM, an over-used name in Mollusca KEEN, A. MYRA IPS Range extension for TRIGONOSTOMA ELEGANTULUM Smith, 1947 POORMAN, FORREST and LEROY POORMAN 127 119 The Festivus OBSERVATIONS ON DIMYA CALIFORNIANA BERRY, 193^ AND REDESCRIPTION OF THE HINGE (BIVALVIA: DIMYACEA) BARBARA W. MYERS and ANTHONY D’ATTILIO Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park, P. 0. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 Superfamily: DIMYACEA Fischer, l886, (Art. 36, ICZN - Yokes, 1979) Family: DIMYIDAE Fischer, l886, Man. de Conch, et Paleo. Hist. Nat. de Moll. Viv. et Fossiles Pt. 10, p. 936 Genus: DIMYA Roualt, 18^0/ Mem. Soc. Geol. France (ser. 2) v. 3, pt. 2, p. [j.70 (fide Sherborn). Dimyarina Iredale, 1936, Rec. Aust. Mus. V. 19, p. 269. Deuteromya Cossmann, 1903, Rev. Crit. Paleozool. v. 7, p. 68”, DIMYA CALIFORNIANA Berry, 1938. Proc. Malacol. Soc. London, vol. 22:126 When Dr. S. Stillman Berry named this species in 1936, it was the first record of the family Dimyidae from our California coast. In 1 Qi|i| , an additional species was recorded from Orange County, California? Dim^ cpralliotis Berry. Both species were named from single specimens.. At the time he named his second species. Berry stated he had seen a num- ber of specimens of D. californiana which had been collected on the Pacific side of Baja California and in the Gulf of California. Hertlein and Strong (1948) reported a single left valve dredged in 46 fms in Ceralbo Channel, Gulf of California. Keen (1971) gives the range for D. californiana from Southern California to Angel La Guarda Is., Gulf of ”” California in 89 to 1227 meters. Through the generosity of L.J, Bibbey, the San Diego Natural History Museum received a specimen which was dredged from I38 m off the La Jolla Trench, San Diego County, in June 1979 (Catalog #73805). After examination of this specimen, it is our opinion that it is D, • However , we have been unable to obtain the type material for comparison. For years there was little information regarding this small and rather obscure family. Ihe discovery of three new species and two new genera from the Caribbean Sea and a new species from Japan in the early 1970»s plus new fossil species and records from the Eocene to the Pleistocene, has given us new information about the family. It is now believed that Dimya is descended from the Upper Triassic genus Dimyodon Munier Chalmas" Fischer, I886. (Yokes, 1979). The genus Dimya itself — was named from an Eocene fossil from France, Recent species are mostly found in deep water to 1227 m, although D. .1 aponi ca Habe, 1971, was collected as shallow as 20 m. Species in the family are small, flat- tened and attachment is by the right valve, often to dead shells, ! corals etc. The hinge which is unique within the Bivalvia was described vari- ously as ligament interne, loge dans un fossette verticale*’ (Fischer, I886); "Ligament linear, minute; cartilage inserted in a triangular pit in the cavity of the beak" (Dali, 1886); "Resilium rest- ing in a strongly excavated pit in the dorsal valve, bending under a > little shelf in the ventral valve" (Bartsch, 1913). Bartsch’s de- scription is accurate to some extent, but does not describe the hoop- like connection between the two valves. Precise description of the hinge of Dimya corrugata Hedlev. 1902, by Yonge (1978) appli es generally to the Dimyidae, Vol XII(IO) The Festivus 120 RIGHT VALVE A WTERIOR LEFT VALVE Fig. 1. Enlargement at 50X of internal ligament of D. californiana showing calcareous sockets and resilium. In describing the hinge of D. californiana. Berry stated, "Cardinal crura slightly raised, roughened, continuous above the small rounded- triangular, pitlike socket for the resilium." His description of the hinge of D. coralliotis is similar. Our examination of the hinge of our specimen shows it is composed of a thin, linear, external, amphi- detic ligament that runs longitudinally along the dorsal edge of the valves. There is an internal resilium located in a mouth-like cal- careous cavity or socket in the right valve which emerges at a right angle from the umbones, makes a loop, and attaches to the left valve within a smaller cavity also at right angles (Figure 1). Yonge (1978) 121 The Festivus has shown in D. corru^ata Medley, 1902, that the internal resilium actually forms a hoop and is connected with the external ligament (Figure 2). This resilium, as its name implies, is elastic. Under normal tension it keeps the valves gaping. When the adductor muscles contract to close the valves, the resilium is compressed; when the adductor muscles relax again the valves spring open. The left valve has a slight depression below the beak within the larger socket of the right valve is when the valves are closed. Below this pression is located the smaller socket Iv which seated de- of the left valve. The socket in each valve is more or less triangular, projecting at right angles from the beaks. Figure 3 is a camera lucida drawing of the interior of the right and left valves of D, californiana showing the distinguishing of this species. On each side of the in the left valve there is a nodule, is longer. These nodules fit into valve. There hinge line in Fig, 2. Ligament of D. corrugata shown in transverse plane showing hoop. From Yonge (19?8), characters depression anterior side sions in the right wrinkles along the The nodule on the corresponding depres- are numerous unequal longitudinal both valves which mesh together when beaks. The posterior adductor entire and the anterior margin impressions. These are easily the valves are closed. The interior of the right valve has a row of minute radial ridges inside the outer edge which are stronger near the auricles and the left valve has a corresponding row of pits or depres- sions. These ridges and depressions seem to have no uniformity except to follow the radius of the valves. The interior of the right valve has a few microscopic radial ribs. There are two adductor muscle scars in each valve; the anterior is the smaller and is situated close to the scar is bilobed. The pallial line is is marked by a series of shallow seen in the left valve, but indistinct in the right. The shell is cemented to the substrate by the right valve; in this specimen the right valve is covered with leaf colored green paint. Exteriorly the left valve which is the upper valve has tan to white micaceous concentric lamellations , The valves are thin and flat- tened, but the left valve is the more inflated. The specimen measures l8 mm X 15 rrim. Keen (1971) and Cox & Hertlein (1969) both state for the family characteristics that the right valve is less convex. However, Berry (1936) in his description of D, californiana stated the right valve was "deeper" than the left valveT Dali ( 1B56 ) in describing D. argentea stated the right valve is deeper and larger than the other. Habe ( 1971 ) in describing D, japonic a stated that the right valve is larger and deeper. Bayer Tl971) of Basiliomya goreaui states the right valve is deep whereas the left valve is flat. Moore (1971) when describing Dimyella s tarcki stated the right valve is cupped, the left valve flat or slightly convex. In our specimen the right valve is almost completely flat, turning up only slightly on the lower anterior edge. Because it is covered with green paint it must have been attached A NTERIOR Vol XII(IO) The Festivus 122 0 o xi <0^4^ T3 C •H *H GO c •H 0 O 0 O 0 > 0 ro rH Jisj C 05 o > H m OT -p C oi xi O 0 0 bO ^ Pm -H 0 -P a Pm > 0

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