i Provenciale
Storia Naturale,Via F,Crispi,50
Livorno, Italy 57100
Haigh, Marilyn & Ernest
6533 Orangewood Avenue
Cypress, Cal, 90630
Hanselman, Virginia & George
5818 Tulane Street
San tJiego, Cal. 92122
453-3019
Herrmann, Richard
1069 Missouri Street
San Diego, Cal. 92109
483-3643 work
Hertz, Carole & Jules
3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave.
San Diego, Cal,92lll
277-6259
Hogan, Karen
2736 Worden Street
San Diego, Cat92IIO
223-5968
Holiman, Mrs. H.Wo
P.O.Box 246
Edinburg, Texas 78539
Janowsky, Dorothy
946 Ralph Avenue
Brooklyn, New York 11236
Khan, Mohammed Moazzam
Institute Marine Biology
University of Karachi
University Rd, Karachi 32, Pakistan
King, Harriett & Frank
859 E. Vista Way
Vista, Cal. 92083
726-3025
King, Suzie
725 Devon Court
San Diego, Cal.92109
488-6343
King, June & Bob
4269 Hawk Street
San Diego, Cal. 92103
296-0574
Leonard, Fretl L.
800 No. 41st Avenue
Hollywood, Flc\,33021
Levine, Anita & Morris
139-62 Pershing Crecent
Jamaica, New York 11435
Lindebrekke, Lynn & Ken
6306 Lake Badin Avenue
San Diego, Cal, 921 19
465-1092
Mabry, Billie & Don
6333 La Jolla Blvd, *^^I7I
La Jolla, Cal, 92037
459-1087
Macquin, Hazelle
437 Douglas Street
Salt Lake City, Utah 84102
Marriott, Mabel & Claron
1304 Eo Avenue I, Sp 18
Lancaster, Cal 93534
Martin, Clifton & Clifford
324 Kennedy Lane
Oceanside, CaL 92054
757-1528
McGhee, Sandra
8401 W. Sample Rd, ^14
Coral Springs, Fla. 33065
Michel, Nola & John
4758 Mt. Cervin Drive
San Diego, Cal, 92117
278-9088
Mulliner, Margaret & David
5283 Vickie Drive
San Diego, Cal.92109
488-2701
Myers, Barbara & John
3761 Mt Augustus Ave.
San Diego, Cal, 921 1 1
279-9806
Nelson, Susan & John
c/o Ronald Fenton
97 East 6th North
Logan, Utah 84321
Pelton, Don
3775 1/2 38th Street
San Diego, Cal 92105
284-6257
Perrin, Marilyn & Bill
2947 Luna Ave
San Diego, Ca. 92117
272-9342
Pisor, Jeanne & Don
10373 El Honcho PI.
San Diego^ Ca,^ 92124
279-9342
Poormanj, Forrest & Leroy
15300 Magnolia St. Sp55
Westminister, Ca 92683
Purdy, Rufh & Ben
3658 Euclid Ave
San Diego, Ca. 92105
281-6547
Robertson, Marilyn & Wally
c/o 1137 Prospect St.
La Jolla, Ca 92037
459-6858
Rosecrans, Jennie L.
4600 Lamont ^4-308
San Diego, Ca. 92109
270-3595
Roworth, Edwin
I3CI Windsor Dr,
Cardiff, Ca. 92007
753-3903
Rybl/ Deborah Ann
10669 San Diego Mission Rd. ^108
San Diego, Ca. 92108
284-1083
Sage, Patricia & John
1635 Lanoitan Ave
National City, Ca. 92050
477-3264
Salisbury, Richard
Box 4 Naval Station
NAVMACS V2(m) AE SD
SAT/COMM
San Oiego, Ca. 92136
Schmeltz, Elaine & Roger
P.O. Box 1060
Alpine, Ca. 92001
445-5561
Schoening, Robert
*^571 -56-0489
EPMU No. 6 Box 112
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii 96860
Schuler, Sherry & Marty
4810 Cobb Dr.
San Diego, Ca. 92l!7
270-4875
Seay, Eunice & Jim
3290 San Carlos Dr.
Spring Valloy, Ca 92077
466-8994
Seckington, Sandie & George
6314 Lake Badin Dr.
San Diego, Ca. 92119
462-9455
Skoglund, Carol
c/o 3846 E. Highland Ave.
Phoenix, Arizona 85018
Smithsonian Institution
Library-Acquisitions
Acct #9010520201
Washington D.C 20560
Scuder, JohnW.
7845 Michelle Drive
La Mesa, Ca. 92041
462-6166
Stohler, Rudolf
1584 Milvia Street
Berkeley, Ca. 94709
Strigliabottfc, Susan
2218 Place Monaco
Del Mar, Ca. 92014
755-3534
Taylor, j^ay & Roland
2437 Aster Street
San Diego, Ca. 92109
274-2998
Thompson, Agnes
716 Second St. Sp 178
El Cajon, Ca. 92020
447-0191
Upton, Virginia
Box 2228
Sierra Vista, Arizona 85635
Voso, Helen & Ed
1815 Sweetwater Road
Spring Valley, Ca. 92077
469-8308
Ubaldi/ Roberto
Via Delle Case Basse 119
00125, Acilia, Rome, Italy
Webb, Kay & Ray
Rigdon, Marie
501-A Anita Street, Sp 186
Chula Vista, Ca. 92011
420-4900
Weber, Gladys
6439 W. Myrtle Ave, Sp 79
Glendale, Arizona 85301
Williams, Peter N
10457 Shield Court
San Diego, Ca. 92134
569-8156
Woolsey, Jody
3717 Bag ley Avenue #206
Los Angeles, Ca. 90034
Wright, Eugenia
2502 E. Valley View Dr.
Phoenix, Arizona 85040
Wright, Jeanne
4905 Twain Avenue
San t>»iego, Ca. 92120
583-2548
>ifeend, Margenette & Arthur
5668 Lord Cecil Street
San Diego, Ca 92122
sStT. f^r^,l980
— f
1% Me>y TO SCfiLe
3t/^f -y / /
/■ Zdt^t'LjArytS — ne>c/iali^s ^/Mtr.
X/) joLLfk sunn\
/r
^frery^ R}ici4ic Be«cK
3 Sr^c^/>7^ic/fyfsi/
^ U^/fSj/s
- aL
96/
F9/7
/holi-
sm DIEGO SHELL CLUB
FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968
MEETS THIRD THURSDAY, 7;30 P.M.
ROOM 104, CASA DEL PRADO, BALBOA PARK
President : • • . Sandie Seckington
UicB President:. David H, Mulliner
Recording Secretary; .... .Carol Burchard
Corresponding Secretary ; .Mar joriB Bradner
T reasurer; .........Walter Robertson
Editor: Carole M. Hertz
ANNUAL DUESj Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc,
Single membership S4.0D; Family membership S5.DD
Student membership S3. 00; Overseas surface $6.00.
CLUB ADDRESS; Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc,,
c/o 3883 Mt, Blackburn Ave,, San Diego, Calif,, 92111
Uol. XII
May 1980
No. 5
*
* PROGRAM: ”A Mellouj Evening With Sam Hinton^
* Sam Hinton, for many years Curator of the Aquarium at Scripps,
* author of books on marine life, noted folk singer, and
* delightful speaker will present our May program,
I Date: May 15-, 1980 Time: 7:30 P.M. Place; Room 104
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
*
♦
4
4
+
*
*
CONTENTS
Club News 65
Minute Shells AMPHI55A ONDAT A (Carpenter, 1864)
HERTZ, 3 66
A Supplementary Note On F AWART lA DOROTHYAE Emerson & D'Attilio, 1979
D'ATTILIO, A 67
T EREBRA of Midway Atoll
SCHMELTZ, R
69
65.
THE ANNUAL bAN DIEGD SHELL CLUB AUCT lON/POTLUCK
April 26th 1980
CAROL 0URCHARD
The annual San Diego Shell Club Auction/Potluck took place at the home
of Marge and Hugh Bradner, As aluays, it uias a fantastic social event with
fine friends and ujonderful food. Over 50 members and guests attended, close
to 400 shells were offered for auction. It proved to be a successful evening
for the Club,
The cocktail hour began at 6:00 P.M, followed by the potluck dinner.
During this time shells to be auctioned were an display. The bidding began
at about 7:30 and the auction ended at 1:15 A.M.
The Club expresses many thanks to host and hostess Hugh and Marge
Bradner, Much appreciation to Dave Mulliner for his punch. Gratitude to
Sandie Seckington, Carole Hertz, and Hugh Bradner for their expertise and
good humor as auctioneers. Heartfelt acknowledgment of the donations of
Mae Dean Richart,
LIBRARY ADDITIONb
The San Diego Shell Club has been fortunate in being the recipient of
book donations by its members. Some books have been sold to raise money
for the library and others have been added to it. We thank Joyce Gemmell
for the donation of the following books. Those starred have been placed
in the Club library.
Field Guide to the Shells of our Atlantic an^ Gulf Coasts, Percy A,
Morris, 196G,
*Field Guide to Shells of the Pacific Ccest and Hawaii, Percy A, Morris, 1960.
Marine Shells of the Pacific Northwest. Tom Rice, 1971,
^National Geographic magazine, July, 1949 & March 1969.
Seashells of the World, R, Tucker Abbott & Herbert S. Zim, 1962,
^Seashores, Herbert S, Zim & Lester Ingle.
Seashore Life of the San Francisco Bay Region to the coast of Northern
California, Joel W, Hedgpetb, 1962,
Shells are where you find them, Elizabeth Clemons, I960,
*The Edge of the Sea, Rachel Carson,
*The Sea Beach at Ebb Tide, Augusta Foote Arnold, 1968 ed,
*The Seashore, C,M. Yonge, 1949.
*9an Nostrand's Standard Catalog of Shells, ed, R.L, Wagner S R.T. Abbott, 1964,
CLUB SCIENCE FAIR AWARD
Christina Maria Ternes, aged 15, of Gompers Junior High School won the
San Diego Shell Club Bcxence Fair Award for her project, "How do different
environmental ions affect hydra?" Club judges, Anthony D'Attilio and Jules
Hertz have invited her to present a summation of her project at the June
meeting at which time her award will be given to hei*.
66
MIIMUTE SHELLS
AMPHISSA UNDATA (CARPENTER, 1864)
JULES HERTZ
Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park
P.D, Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112
Another of the small species recently obtained from Loyal J, Bibbey
is Amphissa undata (Carpenter, 1864), This moderately common deep-uater
species was in material trawled by Ronnie Nicols in nets in depths of 3DD
to 45D feet on the south side of the La Jolla Trench (off San Diego,
California) from January to June 1979, The lot of material contained 136
specimens of Amphissa undata, which varied in length from 6 to 14 mm. The
14 mm specimen is very large for the species. Figure 1 shows a typical
growth series from this lot.
Fig, 1, Growth series of Am|3)hissa undat a (Carpenter, 1864)
Magnification: 4.2X; Photograph by David K, Mulliner
Approximate lengths (left to right): 13, 10, and 8 mm,
Amphissa undata is similar to the intertidal and shallow-water species,
Ainphi 553 versicolor Dali, 1871, _A, undata is light brown, whereas _A,
versicolor can be found not only in light brown but in gray, orange, dark
brown, and various mottled comb i nat i nns , A. undata is generally a stouter
shell with stronger axial ribs, more acute spiral cords, ^nd a higher spire.
ADDITlljNb TU THE RUSTER
Burch, Mrs, John F. Hoffman, Jeffrey
1300 Mayfield Rd* Apt, 61-L 5U4 Bonair Place
Seal Beach, Calif, 90740 La Jolla, Calif, 92037
454-2403
Snell, Chuck
P.O. Box AC
Trinidad, Calif, 95570
67
A SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE ON FmWARTIA DDRDTHVAE EMERSON & D'ATTILIQ, 1979
ANTHONY D'ATTILID
Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park
P.0, Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112
Further study of a series of F avartia dorothyae from the type locality
received subsequent to the publication of the species reveals some additional
morphological details. In more than 20 specimens studied, the shell was
found to be entirely colored, ranging from shades of pink to red, OTange,
and rarely yellow. Within the outer lip there are from 8 to 10 strong liras
and often three weakly raised denticles on the lower portion of the columella.
Mature specimens having 6 postnuclear whorls range from 11 to 15 mm long.
Figures 1 and 2 show a mature specimen 15 mm in length from Punta Engano,
Cebu (Mactan Island)^ Philippine Islands,
Fig, 1, Fig, 2,
Favartia dorothyae Emerson & D'Attilio
1979
Illustrations are here presented for the first time of the protoconch
(fig,. 3,), operculum (Fig, 4,), and radula (Fig, 5.), The protoconch is
drawn with the aid of a camera lucida microscope. The specimen used was
an immature one with 3 whorls.
The subcircular aperture is reflected in the shape of the operculum
and the position of the nucleus situated somewhat below center.
The radular characters are typical for tnuricopsine genera such as
Muricopsis , Murexiel la , and F avartia. The rachidian plate is relatively
68
deep, possessing the strongly projecting central cusp and well developed
laterals.
Fig, 3, protoconch
Fig, U, operculum
Fig, 5, radula
Literature Cited
Emerson, LJilliam H, & Anthony D'Attilio, 1979, Six oruj living species of
Muricacean gastropods. Nautilus. Wol, 93 (1): 1-10, 21 figs,
Acfcnouledaments
Dr, Hans Bert sc h, 5.D.N.H.M, kindly read this paper and Mr, Donald
Pisor of San Diego, California graciously provided the specimens for study,
Mr, David H, Mulliner took the fine photographs.
69
TEREBRA OF MIDWAY ATOLL
ROGER L. SCHMELTZ
P.O. Bgx 1060
Alpine, California 92001
Midway Atoll is the next to last set of islands in the Hawaiian chain,
approximately 1200 miles northwest of Honolulu, The Atoll consists of two
islands. Sand and Eastern, surrounded by a barrier reef. Sand Island is the
larger of the two and is 990 acres in ares with the highest land above sea
level just over 30 feet. It is a O.S, territory not part of the starts of
Hawaii and only government connected people are there. The only natives are
the wildlife, most notable the Laysan albatross or Gooney Bird.
I feel fortunate in having been stationed there with the 0,S. IMavy from
December 1975 to August 1978 since it is where I became a shell collector,
I really wasted my first year there using my advanced SCUBA diving certifica-
tion gathering spiny lobster. The only shells I had bothered to pick up were
Terebra because they were easy to spot and plentiful. Once I discovered
that there were other beautiful and interesting "critters" out there hiding
under coral rock and rubble and buried in sand, my new hobby was started,
T erebra were my first live collected shells. The following list of my
live collected T erebra taken on Midway Atoll was compiled by me with aid in
identification given by members of the Hawaiian Malacological Society and the
San Diogo bhell Club,
T,
I-
T,
T,
T,
T,
achates Weaver, I960
af f inis Gray, 183A
babylonia Lamarcb, 1822
cerithina spaldingi Pilsbry, 1921
chlorat a Lamarck, 1822
crenulata (Linne, 1758)
T_, f uniculat a Hinds, 1844
T , guttata (Rbdinq, 1798)
T_, maculat a (Linne, 1758)
T_, nodul aris Ueshayes, 1859
T_, rosacea Hease, 1869
T_. thaonumi Pilsbry, 1921
T_, undulat a Gray, 1634
Hast ula albula Menke, 1843
lanceata (Linne, 1767)
H, ni tida (Hinds, 1844)
H, penicillata Hkinds, 1844
jd, tiedemani Burch, 1965
T erebra achates (Rig, 1) a Hawaiian
endemic species, is considered rather
rare on Oahu, The average size re-
portedly found there is between 2)^ and
4 inches. On Midway they are between
4 and 6 inches, Wagner and Abbott's
Standard Catalog of Shells lists the
world size record as 13,53 cm, I
found six specimens larger than this
with the largest measuring 15,4 cm,
T ereb ra achates was fairly easy
to find on Midway, There were four
' i/4 " 'Ay/
^ j ; t> ,
Fig, 1, Terebra achates
|;«5
4"'A
70
areas at which they could be found with soms regularity. Only one of the
places, however, had good quality specimens. In the other spots the
specimens were much smaller and of poorer quality than in my favorite area.
The following of the Terebra and Hastula in the above list were
dredged outside the reef in depths from 200 to 300 feet; T, af finis,
T, nodularis, rosacea, H, albula, nitida, H, penicillata, H, tiedemani,
Terebra thaanuml,. (Fig, 2, )
another Hawaiian endemic, eluded my
identification efforts for about a
year. My difficulties stemmed from
the unusual colorat ion*—creamy white,
and the size. The Standard Catalog's
record size is 6,06 cm and my three
specimens are 7,38, 9,41 and 9,55 cm.
About a dozen of this species did show
up in the dredging but they were all
under inches with the same creamy
coloration.
My largest T, thaanumi was found
by a novice collector, a girl I was
showing how to find sea shells. It
was exposed on a sandy bottom and she
just picked it up. Afterward I kept
the animal alive in my aquarium for
about eight months, the girl gave it
to me when she left the island becHuse
it was still alive. I gave her some
other shells in return, one of which
was a Cypraea tesselat a . At that time
I still didn't have the T erebra
identified.
Approximately 14 months later I
found a crabbed specimen and a live on
within 100 feet of the first find. My
wife found the foutth, the smallest, a
beached specimen with the animal and
operculum intact, on the opposite side Fig. 2, T erebra thaanumi
of the island.
Observing T, thaanumi in the aquarium gave me some insight into the
habits which make these "monsters" so hard to find. The animal would only
move around to feed for a few hours (6) every five to seven weeks. I
never did find one at the end of a track in sand.
IMOTICE
Member Ruth Greenberg announces that the Tidepool Gallery is having its
Third Annual Rare Shell Show from May 7 to May 25. lo' addition to a display
of "prize-winning worldwide specimen shells on loan to the Tidepool..." a
continuous slide show of underwater moilusks will be shown.
SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB
% C. HERTZ
3883 MT. BUCKBURN AVL
SAN DIEGO. CA. 921U
Smithsonian Institution
Library-Aco^uisitions
Acct #9010520201
Washington D.C. 2056O
fH!9>
()]oU.
SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB
FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968
MEETS THIRD THURSDAY, 7:30 P,M.
ROOM lOi, CASA DEL PRADO, BALBOA PARK
President: ....Sandle Seckington
UicB President •Deyld K, Mulliner
Recording Secretary ;•••• •C#rol Burchtrd
Corresponding Secretary ; .Marjorie Bradner
Treasurer; Walter Robertson
Editor:
Carole M. Hertz
ANNUAL DUES: Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc,
Single membership SA.DO; Family membership 35,00
Student membership 33.00; Overseas surface 36,00.
CLUB ADDRESS: Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc,,
c/o 3883 Mt, Blackburn Ave,, San Diego, Calif,, 92111
Uol. XII June 1980 No. 6
PROGRAM: James Steuart, t)iving Officer at Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, uill give an illustrated talk entitled,
"A Diver's Diverse Observations."
Christina Maria Ternes, Club Science Fcoir winner will give a
brief outline of her winning project, "How do different
environmental ions affect hydra?" and receive her award.
Pictures from the Auct ion/Potluck will be shown.
There will be a Book-Magazine-Reprint Sale of duplicate
library material to benefit our library. Details on p. 77.
Date: June 19, 1980 Time: 7:30 P.M. Place: Room IDA
ifc 4: *
CONTENTS
Club and Library News 72
Preliminary Analysis of the Geographic and Bathymetric Distribution of
Hawaiian Chromodorids (Gastropoda: Dpisthobranchia )
BERTSCH, HANS 73
MURICOPSIS J/\L I5C0EN5IS Radwin & D'Attilio, 1970 at Panama
D'ATTILIO, ANTHONY 78
Book Review — Indo-Pacific Mollusks: Two Recent Contributions
BERTSCH, HANS 80
72
FROM THE MINUTES
MARJORIE BRADNER
The May 15 Club meeting was a rare treat, Sam Hinton, museum curator,
marine biologist, writer, artist, musician and university administrator
spoke entertainingly on scientific nomenclature and the use of common
names in identifying plant and animal life. He ended with audience
participation in the appropriate song, '*Amphioxus , ”
The business meeting lasted less than five minutes because Mr, Hinton
had agreed to play and sing some more. After half a dozen or so songs,
too few for the delighted audience, he ended with "Closing Time At the
Aquarium, the Fishes Must bleep,"
LIBRARY IMEWb
The CluP Horary has oeen greatly enriched by our exchanges of
pudlications with two museums, lile are grateful to Dr, Barry Roth of the
California Academy of bciences and Dr, UJilliam K, Emerson of The American
Museum of Natural History tor their efforts in arranging the exchanges of
back issues of their Museum puolications for complete sets of The Festivus,
Received from California Academy of Sciences’
1, Miscellaneous issues of Proceedings of California Academy of Sciences,
Fourth series from iyi2 to iy72 — Wols, 3 to 39,
2, Uccasional Papers of California Academy of Sciences from I960 to 1975.
3, Southern California Academy of Sciences Bulletin, Miscellaneous issues
from V/ols, 33 to bl,
A, Eastern Pacific Lxpeoitions of the New York Zoological Society, XXXIX
(Part Ul) and XL (Part UII), Mollusks from the West Coast of Mexico and
Central America by Hertlein & Strong,
5, Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, \7ol. 2 ^8 and 12, 1939.
Received from The American Museum of Natural History*
1, Miscellaneous issues of American Museum Novitates from I93A to 1965.
2, Miscellaneous issues of Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History
from 1901 to 1956 (vols, 14 to 111).
* A complete listing of these publications as well as an updated library list
will be available to members at the July meeting
Donations to the Club library have also been made by two members, Joyce
Gemmell and Agnes Thompson,
Received from Joyce Gemmell.
1, Environment Southwest, Aug, 1969 to Dct, 1973,
2, Of Sea and Shore, V/ols. 1 to 7,
3, Seafari. June 1964 to Sept. 1965 (lacks July-Sept, 1964).
Received from Agnes Thompson.
1, Of Sea and Shore, V/ols. 1 to 5 complete and several additional issues.
V/ol. 6 (1 & 4), V/ol. 7 (1 & 4), V/q1. S (1 & 4), V/ol. 9 (1).
2, The Echo, LJ.S.M. Report. 1960-1974.
3, East coast of North & South America Tide Tables for years 1963-1967,
4, Occasional Paper, California Academy of Sciences A^35, West American
Mollusks of the Genus Conus -II, by G. Dallas Hanna.
5, Shell Album by Helen S, O^Brien (Helen Thompson)
73.
PRELIMIIMARY. AIMALYbIS OF THE GEQGRAPHHEC AND BATHYMETRIC DISTRIBUTION OF
HAUIAIIAN CHRDMODORIDS (GASTROPODA: QPISTHQBRANCHIA )
HANS BLRTSCH
Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park,
P.O. Box 13S0, San Diego, California 92112
SCOTT JOHNSON
Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96022
Malacological research in Hawaii has tenOed to concentrate on the
shelled marine and terrestrial species. Numerous papers, monographs, and
books have been published in the last 2 centuries based on Hawaiian shelled
material (most recently Kay, 1979), The paucity of publications about
Hawaiian nudibranchs forms a striking contrast. As a specific example,
only 27 species of dorid nudibranchs were named between 1052 and 1060, most
by Uilliam Harper Pease. There followed a gap of over 100 years — broken
only by 4 reports that briefly mentioned dorid nudibranchs— until the 1969
paper by E. Alison Kay and David Young, which reported 50 species of
Doridacea from the Hawaiian Islands. Present knowledge of the systematics
of Hawaiian dorid nudibranchs, therefore, is based on 7 articles by Pease
(published between 1060 and 1071), a half dozen works by Eydoux and
Souleyet (1052), Edmondson (1946), Ostergaard (1950 and 1955), and the
major paper by Kay and Young, and several recent notes by ourselves (Johnson
and Bertsch, 1979;^ Bertsch and Johnson, 1979 and 1900). Many of the earlier
works were based on sarples of few specimens, so that little information
about the natural history of Hawaiian nudibranchs is currently available in
the literature.
Ue have been surveying the subtidal populations of nudibranchs on the
island of Oahu, for over 3 years we have been gathering specimens, data,
and in situji photographs by scuba diving. Part of aur work was funded by
grants from the Center for Field Research, enabling us to lead 2 Earthwatch
research teams of 15 and 10 divers during the summers of 1970 and 1979,
In this paper, we present a preliminary analysis of our findings, limiting
our discussion to one group of dorid nudibranchs, the chromodorids ,
Species of this family of dorids usually are recognized immediately by
their brilliant coloration and soft body texture. The Chromodor ididae are
primarily tropical species, characterized by the morphology of the repro-
ductive system and the radula (Bertsch, 1977),
Information given by Kay and Young form an intriguing comparison with
the results that we have obtained. The majority of Kay and Young's 4 years
of collecting was restricted to the littoral zone, that is, shoreward of
fringing reefs or on reef platforms. This Hawaiian intertidal habitat is a
very narrow region, since maximum tidal fluctuation is restricted to only
2Vz feet. Only rarely did Kay and Young examine specimens from deeper
subtidal reoions.
They collected approximately 127 specimens of 11 species of
chromodorids (TABLE 1). The most abundantly collected species, Chromodoris
lilacina (Gould, 1052) was common during one year of their study. The
other 10 species were represented by less than a dozen specimens each,
tie collected 22 chromodorid species, including the 11 that they
reported, but in very different proportions. Six of their rare specias
we collected commonly subtidally; four others of their species we found
subtidally in about egual abundance to their intertidal numbers, lU?e found
only one specimen of their most abundant species, What this means is that
74
of the 11 chromodorid species reported by Kay and Young, 6 are subtidal
(hence their rareness in the intertidal zone sampled by Kay and Young),
4 might appear either in the subtidal or intertidal, and I is intertidal.
These species of chromodorid nudibranchs show definite zonation preferences
in either the intertidal or subtidal regions.
Twelve of the 22 species we found were common subtidal animals,
Wewaiian chromodorids seem to occur more frequently in subtidal habitats,
TABLE 1» Comparison of numbers of specimens collected subtidally by us
and intertidaily by Kay and Young (1969),
Total this study,
Subtidal Specimens
Kay 8 Young
Intertidal Specimens
SUBTIDAL
Chromolaichma younqbleuthi
185
(their subtidal records
in parentheses)
(3)
Chromodoris petechialis
16
1 (3)
Babaina daniellaee
18
8
Chromodoris vibrata
17
6 (2)
Hypselodoris lineata
30
7
Chromodoris decora
29
6
m DBUIUUS prefereimce
Chromodoris imperialis
2
1
Hypselodoris peasei
8
ID
Chromodoris trimarqinata
4
7
Chromodoris albopust ulosa
15
10
INTERTIDAL
Chromodoris lilacina
1
approx, 60
kle sampled (Figure 1) 5 main areas on the island of Dahu: the
Lookouts (including Hanauma Bay), Pupukea on the north shore^ f^akua. Fort
Kamehameha Beach (eastern edge of the entrance to Pearl Harbor), and Magic
Island (at the edge of Ldaikiki, at the mouth of the Ala liJai Canal),
Each species of chromodorid is found preferentially at specific sites
around the island of Dahu, Moreover, groups of species were consistently
found co-occurring at the same location. By simply choosing the day's
diving location on the island of Dahu, we could predict the species of
chromodorid that we would probably collect.
Some sites showed a similarity in the species assemblages present,
but none were completely identical. Similar groups were found at Fort
Kamehameha Beach and Magic Island, and at Pupukea, Mekua and the Lookouts
(see Bertsch and Johnson, 1979, for a description of several of these sites).
In addition to site preferences, the species showed distinct
differences in the average depth at which they were found (Figure 2), IjIb
collected sufficient specimens of several species to analyze depth
distribution. The common species found at Lookouts, Pupukea, and Makua
(Chromodoris petechialis, Chromolaichma younqbleutbi , and an undescribed
DEPTH (N METER5
75
Figure 1, Map of Oahu, Hauiaii, showing locations of study sites.
PUPUKEA
MAKUA
LOOKOUrS
Figure 2. Bathymetric distribution of selected Hawaiian chromodorids
Babaina
daniellae
13-16*
17-20*
21-24*
25-28 *
C hromocion's
g-ocie|!|^roydna
6 2
Hypselodons Chromoclons
infuca^a petecliialis
JO 1 ^
Width of stippled areas indicates relative abundance at the various depths;
number below each species indicates total number of specimens collected.
76.
species of chromodorid “snouif lake**) were found in average depths of 9,9 to
14,6 meters, Qnly rarely uere they collected in less than 5 meters of water.
The common species from Magic Island and Fort Kamehameha Beach (Babaina
daniellae, Chromodoris qqdef f royana and Hypselodoris infucata) were found
in muciii shialloiuer water (averaging from 2,2 to 4,8 meters) , These species
were almost absent deeper than 5 meters.
These data reflect the habitat differences between the various study
sites, that is, Magic Island was shallower than the Rupukea site. However,
the depths at which each species was found were not the only available
depths at which they could occur. The species from Magic Island occurred
from 1 to 4 meters, but the habitat extends to over 10 meters deep. Hence
we did not collect Chromolaichma younqbleuthl from the deeper depths at
Magic Island, nor did we collect Chromodoris qodeff royana at Pupukea,
Most of these chromodorid species occur predominantly in subtidal
depths. These subtidal species show a three-dimensional partitioning of
the habitat space: each species occurs predominately only at certain
localities, and each species has a definite depth distribution,
We are continuing our research on the Hawaiian chromodorids to determine
other geographic differences throughout the Hawaiian Islands, to ascertain
any seasonality, to measure niche separations among species groupings, and
to make ecological comparisons with other zoogeographic faunal provinces.
We are also working on the taxonomy of the species involved,
ACKIMDULEDGMEIMTS
A grant from tarthwatch and the Center for Field Research provided the
necessary funds and volunteers that made possible the collection of data
during June-July 1978 and 1979, We are grateful to all the participants on
our Hawaiian mollusks expeditions: Mel Brody, Serena Chen, Mary Connelly,
Rosemary Uorostkar, Scott Greenberg, Catherine Hansen, Don and Jean Jurgs,
Howard Kaufman, Jane Kent, Tom Knapki, Lisa Lamoreaux, Peggy Lynch, Leonce
Many, Brian McLlaney, Reoecca McElroy, Margaret McKinley, John Minichiello,
Kathy IMedomatsky , Steve IMorton, Tom Parleto, Andrew Peretz, Dean Ritts,
Roland Rizzi, Eric Rutherford, Mark Stetter, Danq Swinsky, Larry Targett,
Frances Tear, Peggy Tietze, Matt Tikka, fMeal l/oelz, and Gregg Wilson,
We also thank Judith Bertsch and Liaa Boucher for sharing many dives
and helping with collecting. We thank Anthony D'Attilio for help with the
text figures, and James Lance, David Mulliner, and Jules Hertz for textual
comments ,
LITERATURE CITED
Bertsch, Hans
1977, Tne Chromodoridinae nudioranchs from the Pacific coast of America,
Part I, Investigative methods and supra-specif ic taxonomy. The
Ueliger 20(2 ) ; 1B7-118; 3 test figs,
Bertsch, Hans and Scott Johnson
1979, Tnree new opisthobranch records for the Hawaiian Islands, The
V/eliger 22(l):41-44; 1 pit,
Edmondson, Charles Howard
1946, Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii, Bernice P, Bishop Mus, Spec,
Publ, 22: 381 pp,; 223 text figs,
Eydoux, J.F.T, and F.L.A, Souleyet
18b2, Uoyage autour du monde,.,,sur la corvette la Bonite, etc,
Zoologie, vol, 2:1-664,
Gould, Augustus Addison
1852, Mollusca and Shells, Uol, 12 in: U.S, Exploring Expedition during
77
the years iajy-184i:^ under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.IM.
Boston^ XV+ 510 pp,
Johnson, Bcott and Hans Bertsch
1979, A population study of the nudiPranch Chromodorie qodef f royana.
West, boc, Malac. Ann, Report 11:8,
Hay, E, Alison
1979, Hawaiian marine shells. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii,
Section 4: Mollusca, Bernice f?. Bishop Mus, Spec, Publ, 64(4);xviii +
653 pp,: 195 teat figs,
Kay, E, Alison and David K, Ydung
1989, The Doridacea (Opisthobranchia: Mollusca) of the Hawaiian Islands,
Pacific Science 23(2): 172--231;- 82 text figs,
□stergaard, Jens Mathias
1950, Spawning and development of some Hawaiian marine gastropods.
Pacific Science 4(2): 75-115; 42 text figs,
1955, Some opisthobranchiate mollusca from Hawaii, Pacific Science
9(2) : 110-136 ;■ 2 pits.; 17 text figs.
Pease, William Harper
I860, Descriptions of new species of Mollusca from the Sandwich
Islands, Proc, Zool. London 28:18-37,
1861; Descriptions of new sp:ecies of Mollusca from the Pacific Islands.
Proc, Zool, Soc, London: 242-247,
1864, Letter, On errors and omissions in former communications.
Proc, Zool, Soc, London 1863: 510.
1866, Remarks on nudibranchiata inhabiting the Pacific Islands, with
descriptions of two new genera. Amer, Jour. Conch, 2(3 ): 204-208,
1868, Synonymy of marine Gastropodae inhabiting Polynesia, Amer.
Jour, Conch, 4 (3 ): 103-132 ,
1871, Descriptions of nudibranchiate Mollusca inhabiting Polynesia,
Amer, Jour, Conch, 6 (4 ): 299-305 ; pits, 19-22.
1871b, Descriptions of new species of nudibranchiate Mollusca
inhabiting Polynesia, IMo, 2, Amer, Jour, Conch, 7(1):11-19, pits, 3-9.
CLUB LIBRARY SALE
A sale of duplicate library material will be held at this month's
meeting. Sale material will be available at very low prices berore the
meeting begins and during coffee break. Proceeds will benefit the
library and members are welcome to donate duplicate books, magazines,
and reprints dealing with marine life from their personal libraries to
the June sale,
ADDITICIMS & CDRRECTIDIMS TO THE ROSTER
[\Jew Member: Academy of IMatural Sciences Philadelphia, Dr, Robert Robertson,
Department of Malacology, Nineteenth and the Parkway,
Philadelphia, Pa, 19103
Corrections: Pat & John Sage. Phone No, 267-3264
Edwin Roworth, Address 1361 Windsor Rd, Cardiff, Ca, 92007
MURICOPSIS JALI5CDEN5IS RADlilIN S D'ATTILIO, I97D AT PANAMA
ANTHONV' O'ATXILIQ
Deprartment of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Mueeum^ Balboa Park
P.D, Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112
An interesting morphological variant of Muricopsls .lalf ecoensie (Fig, l)
has recently been brought to my attention. The locality of thie species at
Panama is apparently a range extension since its occurrence there has not
been previously recorded in the literature.
Fig. 1. M. .jaliscoensis
Location: Panama. Length: 25 mm
Leg. Terry Hammes
Donors Loyal J. Bibbey SDNHM# 73597
Fig, 2. M, jaliscoensis
Location; Bahia Coagtocomate,
Jalisco, Mexico. Length; 26 mm
Leg. G.E. RadLiin & L.J. Bibbey
SDNHM ;5<6300D
The Panama form may be distinguished from that of central Mexico
(Fig, 2) by its longer and more numerous spines and its relatively more
slender shell with a higher, angulate spire which is additionally ornamented
with spines. By contrast, the more obtuse and weakly angulate spire of the
Mexican form has a relatively spineless spi-re and the spine terminations of
the cords at the varices are restricted to the major cords. Six specimens
collected by Mr, Royce Hubert at Isla Gubanador, Magdalena Bay in central
Pacific Panama and four additional specimens! from Panama donated by
79
^ used for this study. Among thsss spaclmsns uisrs
termediat® forms (Figs, 5 » 4) showing characters suggesting the type
locality as well as the extreme Panama forrai as shown in Figurw 1, Although
Fig, 3, M, .jaliscoensis
Location: Isla Gubanador, mouth of
Magdalena Bay, central Pacific
Panama, Length: 24 mm
Leg, Royce Hubert SDIMHM #73590
Date; a September 1979
Fig,. 4, M, jaliscoensis
Location; Isla Gubanador, mouth of
Magdalena Bay, central Pacific,
Panama, Length; 32 mm
Leg,. Royce Hubert SDIMHM #73598
Date: 8 September 1979
the spiny nature of the shell is noticeable it may be remarked here that the
number of spiral cords are the same for both forms. On some spedimens of
the Panama form there is a more widely spread callus on the upper portion
of the columella as in Figure 1, Figure 4, also from Panama, shows a
specimen having the slenderness of the Panama specimen in Figure 1 and the
intermediate spinose characters of Figure 2,
Acknowledgments
Photography was done by Barbara Id, Myers ancf photographic processing
by David K, Mulliner, Specimens were donated by Loyal J, Bibbey and Royce
Hubert ,
80
INDO-PACIFIC MOLLUSKS: TUO RECENT CONTRIBUTIONS
HANS 0ERT5CH
Curator Marine Invertebrates, San Diego Natural History Museum
Cernohorsky, Walter 0, 1970, TROPICAL PACIFIC MARINE SHELLS, Pacific
Publications, Sydney, 352 pp,; 60 pits,? 17 text figs,
Kay, E, Alison, 1979, HAWAIIAN MARINE SHELLS. Reef and Shore Fauna of
Hawaii,. Section 4: Mollusca, Bernice P, Bishop Museum Special
Publication 64 (4): xviii + 653 pp,; 195 text figs.
Two recently published books highlight aspects of Indo-Pacific
molluscan studies. They serve tiuo different purposes, emphasized by their
different taxonomic and geographic coverage, writing style, and
illustrations,
Cernonorsky • s TROPICAL PACIFIC MARINE SHELLS (TPMS) should have been
titled Marine Snells of the Pacific, Uol, HI, despite the author's
disclaimer that the name change was at the reguest of the publisher to
prevent "confusion among collectors." Most dedicated conchologists are
certainly capable of distinguishing L, II, and III, This work is not a
faunal study, but descriptions and illustrations of many shells from various
parts of the Indo-Pacif ic . It is an identification guide for shell
collectors, but is not comprehensive. If one has all three volumes, the
collector's chance of identifying any particular shell is increased.
Because of the random selection process for shells included in the volume,
the work is awkward to use. If one does not find a shell in volume HI, one
goes to vol, II; if not there, to I, in each case having to use an
additional index. Obviously, to have published a synoptic index in TPM5 to
all three volumes would have facilitated use of this series. In several
places (pages 72, 91, 10b-lD7, 119-120, and 145) are lists of nomenclst ural
changes for taxa discussed in volumes I and II, None of these species
discussions are indexed. The arrangement of species within a genus is
haphazard — with no apparent order. One is given the impression that the
species descriptions were written and the specimens phntographed as they
arrived on the author's desk, with no subsequent thought to rearranging the
material into a coherent pattern, A simple alphabetical sequence of species
within genera would nelp the reader to find species (especially among the
100+ species of Conus ) ,
The systematic overview of molluscan classification is useful.
Treating Holy p lacophora and Aplacophora as subclasses of Amphineura is not
consistent with most modern usage, in which they are afforded full class
rank, I was especiaily glad to see at least a token inclusion of various
nudibranch families. Use of dorid, dendronotid, arminid and eolid
divisions would have given a systematic arrangement to what is now simply
a list of families. Of minor concern is the misspelling of several
families (Polyceridae, Tethydidae, and Dotonidae, sic).
The book shows evidence of significant scholarly research which is not
reflected in the scanty literature cited section; moreover, few references
and justifications are given in the text for validation of synonymies and
other informations presented. Perhaps an identification guide should not
be expected to give all the pertinent literature.
81
Each species treated is illustrated by a photograph in the plate section
at the back of the book, has a brief written description of salient shell
characters, and a very brief indication of its' general range of occurrence.
The book is written by a known expert on Indo-Pacific mollusks. Given
his familiarity with shells, it can be used by the shell collector hobbyist
to identify his or her specimens with a reasonable guarantee of accuracy.
Used in conjunction with its predecessor volumes, TROPICAL PACIFIC MARIIME
SHELLS fulfills that purpose,
HAUJAIIAN MARINE SHELLS is the mollusk portion of the Bishop Museum's
multi- volume revision of C.H. Edmondson's REEF AND SHORE FAUNA OF HAWAII .
This prestigious series has a high quality of editorial control, and Kay's
work is a worthy volume. This book is a comprehensive malacological faunal
overview, similar in style and intent to A, Myra Keen's masterpiece, SEA
SHELLS OF TROPICAL WEST AMERICA. Kay carefully documents the majority of
her statements, properly acknowledging the other scientists upon whose work
any researcher is dependent. All of her references are detailed in the
literature cited, including the authorship of the species. The reader can
readily determine the basis for synonymies and sources for other information
presented .
The introduction consists of an excellent survey of the ecology and
zoogeography of Hawaiian marine mollusks, their human exploitation and study,
and the natural history of the islands.
Illustrations are placed throughout the text, close to the descriptions
of the species. Often pertinent ecological information is given. The
introductions to suprageneric taxa are particularly iiiell done, including
information on radular morphology, reproduction, veliger stage and
development, and other aspects of their natural history.
Besides Oeing an authoritative guide for the identification of almost
all the Hawaiian mollusks, it also introduces major aspects of the biology
of these animals and gives the researcher a ready entry into the literature.
There are a numPer of new species described in the book. Regrettably
they are not separately indexed; a separate listing of these new taxa
should have been included.
For a majority of species the known range in the Hawaiian chain is not
specified, Hince these islands stretch across 1600 miles, animals known
only from some of the islands have a different distribution than those known
from all the islands. It would also have been appropriate to have given
more information about the illustrations (including specimen collecting
locality of an original picture).
Both of these recent books were written by well-known researchers.
They are different in extent of coverage (Kay's is a fairly comprehensive
faunal guide), amount of information and literature sources given
(Cernohorsky nas written a conchological book, whereas Kay has authored a
malacological reference work). The prospective purchaser of either volume
must keep these differences in mind. This reviewer personally prefers
Kay's volume, because it is more complete, is easier to use, has well-
documented references, and contains a great amount of information on the
biology and natural history of mollusks.
SAN OiEGO SHELL CLUB
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Uol, XII
July 1980
No, 7
* *
* ♦
I PROGRAM; Anthony D'Attilio will give an illustrated presentation on I
I the shell and its radula, *
* ♦
* Muricids will be the featured shells for July, Bring in your J
Murex for display.
There will be a continuation of the magazine S reprint sale.
♦
♦
*
* «
CONTENTS
Club News 83
Observations on NIPFDNDTRDPHON SCITULU5 (Pali, 1891)
(Gastropoda: Muricidae: Muricinae)
MYERS, BARBARA W, & ANTHONY D'ATTILIO 84
NATICA (LUNAIA) LUNARIS Berry, 1964
POORMAN, FORREST a LEROY PDORMAN 90
In Memoriam Emery P, Chace,, 91
'(.MI I' I
.s'*:;;-
1. f . I. Ji
4,i'4 k-3, '■r-A i
■ ■ ' : . , . i; '
a'SC'i' ^ iMI"'
. .. ‘ ... . .. .. = .
V-- Mi i U=X .. ■: » ■; ;■ » ■ ■”' ■' ' 'f V '! '
,y-# tn. 3" -'■ . pH:«{^iiiis.g%3fti'’,,', '
’ (,. '' '■? ^i"; >' 1 •■ V, ,
■-;■ J .X ■ :" V? rM/^!'..' ; ...'■ , . .. ■».'■■ , . ,,,.'.<'t.!;|i4j‘iJ , ■.. ’■>■..■■■ i
' >/ .., ' V ; i-:f ,;^■; •■• 1. i/i ',;
' i/ :yr^ •■■^
m
; ■■ (A Ki- '
" .. . V., S'
" Ji';f ,-:*'>
■',*■. 'i" ' ,
' r ,1.
• X'-> •<■*■•• ."■ 1 -a
■. jlif**‘^»-^'V'i; • 'V
'.»■ ' ... ' . ■''' C. ■ ‘'^'" ■ ' '■■•'i \'\ ' w
p'
d'
;.>'i",/I'
Wol. XII (7)
The Festivus
84
OBSERUATIQfMS DIM NIPPDNDTRDPHDN gCITULUS (DALL, 1891)
(GASTROPODA; MURICIDAE: MURICINAE)
BARBARA 111. MYERS and AfMTHOIMY D'ATTILIQ
Dapartment of Marine Invertebrate#, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park
P,0, Box 1390, San Slego, California 92112
Nipponotrophon acitulua CDall, 1891) .
Trophon (Boreotrophon) scitulus Dali, 1091: 180; DflLL, 1095: 712, pi, 27,
fig, 5; WILLETT, 1930: pi. 1, fig, 1; HOSUBE, 1975: pi. 8, fig, 5.
Neptunea CTrophonopaie) laeia iDsll, 1919: 330,
Trophon (Neptunea) lasia (Ball), DALL, 1921; 111; OLDROYD, 1927: 39, 40.
T rophon (Neptunea) tenuiaculpta (of authors, not Carpenter, 1066) DALL, 1921:
111, pi. 11, figs. 11, 12; OLDROYD, 1927; 39, pi. 30, fig#. 3, 7.
Trophon (Neptunea) scitulus (Dali), DALL, 1921: 109, pi. 13, fig. 6;
OLDROYD, 1927: 31, pi. 15, fig. 4.
T rophon lasius (Dali), WILLETT, 1930: 1-IH, pi, 1, figs, 2-»6,
Boreotrophon scitulus (Dali), ABBOTT, 1974: 189, fig, 1972,
Trophonopais laaiua TPall). ABBOTT, 1974: 191, fig. 2000.
Nipponotrophon scitulus (Dali). RADlilIN & D'ATTILIQ, 1976: 85, pi, 14,, fig#,
10, 11,
Nipponotrophon lasiua (Dell), RADtillN & D'ATTILID, 1976; 84, pi. 13 figs, 6-0,
Two specimens of Nipponotrophon scitulus (Dali, 1091) were recently
donated to the Ban Diego Natural History Museum by Loyal J. Blbbey (SDWHM
Lot #73595), These specimens were trawled from 300 to 400 ft. on the south
side of Lb Jolla Trench, San Diego, California by Ronnie Nicole, commercial
fisherman.
After identifying these specimens, we noted some controversy in the
literature regarding the range for PJ. scitulus. Dali (1902) stated the
range probably extended to the San Pedro Channel, Ca., but Dali (1921) only
listed the range from the Pribilof Islands to Unalaska Island, Bering Sea,
Heen (1937) lists only latitude 55° to 57° for the range, Radwin & D'Attilio
(1976) list the range cited by Dali (1921). Burch (1945) reported that
M,N, Lowe and Dr. F. Baker had collected N. scitulus off Pt, Loma, San Diego,
Ca. in 50 fms,
We then compared N. scitulus with a similar species, N, lasius (Dali,
1919),, which ranges from the Bering Sea to Todos Santos Bay, Baja
California, Mexico. (Radwin & D'Attilio, 1976),
Dallas type of JM. scitulus which he figured in 1695 (Proc, U.S.N.M. 17:
pi. 27, fig. 5) is described as a thin, white, five whorled shell (it is not
clear if this includes the protoconch), 17,5 mm long with a high spire and a
Long open canal. The body whorl bears six strong spiral cords and 13
lamellate varices becoming spinose on the shoulder.
Dali's type of N, lasius was not figured until 1930 (liiillett; Nautilus
52(1): pi. 1, fig, 67. Dali described it as a white, slender, fusiform
shell of more than five whorls (nucleus decollated). The body whorl bears
axial sculpture of numerous (no number) incremental lines and spiral sculp-
ture of 25 narrow cords. The body whorl is rounded not shouldered and its
length is 30 mm.
85
The Festivus
Trophon tenuisculptus Carpenter, 1866 uae described from a Pleistocene
fossil collected at Santa Barbara, California, The type uas not figured
until 1921 (Van Winkle), Carpenter’s species was confused for many years
with a Recent species from the west coast of (Morth America/ (Dali, 1921)
and (Dldroyd, 1927), Willett (1938) compared the type figure and
Carpenter's description with the Recent species that had been labelled
J_, tenuisculptus in collections and in consultation with Dr, U.S. Grant
and A.M, Strong concluded that 1[, tenuisculptus Carpenter, 1866 is a
Pleistocene fossil, a Tritonalia (Ocenebra) and not in the Recent fauna.
He placed T^, tenuisculptus (of authors, not Carpenter, 1866) in the
synonomy of IMipponot rophon lasius (Dali, 1919),
In illustrating the varisblilty of N, lasius. Willett (1938) figured
six different forms, Willett's Fig, 1 resembles N, scitulus (Dali, 1891),
but he makes no mention of this taxon. His Fig, 6 is the type of
losius , We have examined an extensive series of these forms and reach the
same conclusion arrived at by Willett; that the species is a highly
variable one. However, for some unexplained reason Willett omitted the
earliest name for the species which is N, scitulus (Dali, 1891), W, lasius
is a junior synonym.
Figs, 1 and 2 are dorsal and ventral views of Bibbey specimen A,
This specimen has five spiral cords on the body whorl and 13 lamellate
varices, becoming spinose on the shoulder. It measures 16 mm long, is thin,
white, fusiform, has five whorls without the prctoconch and has a long,
open, slightly recurved canal. The protoconch. Fig, 3, has 1% smooth convex
whorls. This specimen compares nearly identically with the photograph of
Dali's type of N, scitulus Cat, i^^l22557, USNM, (Kosuge, 1975),
Fig, 1. Bibbey specimen A
Dorsal view, 16 mm.
Fig, 2, Bibbey specimen A
V/entral view. 16 mm.
\Jol, XII (7)
The Festivus
86
Fig, 4 illustrates the operculum of Bibbey specimen A and Fio. 5 shows the
radula of the same specimen.
Fig, 3. Protoconch of Bibbey Fig, 4, Operculum of Bibbey specimen A.
specimen A.
Fig, 5, Radula of Bibbey specimen A,
Figs, 6 E3nd 7 are dorsal and ventral views of Bibbey specimen B, ^his
form has six whorls and is 18 mm long. The bndy uihorl hag five spiral cords
with weaker intercalary cords and the 11 varices are less lamellate. There
are no spines on the shoulder, but it appears slightly tabulate. The
siphonal canal on this specimen has been broken.
Lot //22951 in the San Diego Natural History Museum contains two
specimens labelled _N, lasius from Catalina Island, California, here
illustrated in Figs, 8 and 9, Fig, 8 is a 7 mm specimen with 336 whotls.
The body whorl has five strong spiral cords and 14 spinose shouldered,
lamellate varices. Fig, 9 is a 14 mm specimen with five whorls. The body
whorl has 8 strong spiral cords and a couple of weaker intercalary cords.
The axial sculpture is reduced to v: rical ridges (13) and the shell is
rounded not shouldered.
a?
The Festivus
Fig. 6, Dorsal v/ieu of
Bibbey specimen 18mm.
Fig. a. SDf\)HM Lot j^^22951 7mm.
Catalina Is. Ca. V/entral wieui.
Fig, 7. Ventral view of
Bibbey specimen B, 16 mm.
Fig. 9. SDIMHM Lot #22951 14 mm
Catalina Is. Ca. Dorsal view
\yoi. XII (7)
The Festivua
aa
Lot y^55562 in the San ^iggo (Matural History Museum contains two
specimens liebelled l\J* lasius also from Catalina Island, California and ue
illustrate them, in Figs, ID and 11, Fig, ID is a 16 mm specimen uith five
whorls. The body whorl has ID strong spiral cords with no intercalary
cords and there are 13 axial costae. It is rounded not tabulate. Fig. 11
is a 25 mm specimen of six whorls. The body whorl bears 13 close set major
spiral cords with some intercalary cords. Axial sculpture consists of
numerous very weak costae and the entire surface is strongly covered with
incremental lamellae. The shell is rounded not shouldered. This specimen
compares with Dali's type of N, lasius as figured in Willett (1938),
Fig. ID, SDNHM ^55562 16 mm
Catalina Is, Ca, Dorsal view
Fig. 11, SDfMHM #55562 25 rnm
Catalina Is, Ca, Dorsal view
We therefore conclude that N, scitulus and N, lasius are synonymous,
i;^, scitulus being the earliest name has priority, these illustrations
show the range of morphological variation of this species and demonstrate
that without seeing the intermediates, it is very easy to assume th"t there
are at least two different species.
Acknowledgments
Mr, Loyal J, Bibbey generously donated the specimens from the La Jolla
Trench used in this study, Mr. Jules Hertz made some helpful suggestions.
89
The Fsstivus
Literature Cited
Abbott, R» Tucker, 1974, American Seashells, 2nd Edition, 663 pp,,
6405 text figures, Uan Nostrand Reinhold,
Burch, J.Q, ed, 1944-46, Distributional list of the West American marine
Molluscs from San Diego, Oalifornia to the Polar Sea, from the Minutes
of the Conchological Club of Southern California, Part II, ^51 (1945),
Carpenter, P.P, 1866, The Pleistocene Fossils .. ,uith Description of New
Species, Ann, & Mag, Nat, Hist, 321-325,
Dali, William Healey, 1891, Scientific Results of Explorations by the U.S,
Fish Commission Steamer Albatross. Report on Molluscs and Brachiopoda.
PtOC, US!\IM Wol, 14, pp, 173-191.
1896, Scientific Results of Explorations by the U.S. Fish Comission
Steamer Albatross, Bn some neu or interesting west American alhells...
Proc. USNM Uol, 17, pp, 675-733, pis, 23-32,
1902, Illustrations and descriptions of neui, unfigured or impeorfectly
knoiiin shells, chiefly American in the U.S, National Museum, Uol, 24:
499-566. pis, 27-40,
1919, Descriptions of IMey Species of Molluscs from the North Pacific
Ocean in the collection of the U.S. Natl, Mus, Proc, USNM Uol, 56:
293-371,
1921, Summary of the Marine Shellbearing mollusks of the northuest
coast of America... Bull. USNM 112. 215 pp, 22 pis.
Keen, A.M. 1937, An Abridged Check List and Bibliography of west North
American Marine Mollusca, 87 pp, Stanford Univ. Presi,
Hosuge, Sadao, 1975, Illustrations of type specimens of mollusks described
by William Healey Dali, 29 pis,
Oldroyd, Ida B, 1927. The Marine Shells of the west coast of North America
Uol. 2(2): 304 pp. pis, 30-72. \Jol, 2(1) pis, 1-29.
Radyin, George E, & Anthony D'Attilio, 1976, Murex Shells of the World,
284 pp, 37 pis, Stanford Univ, Press,
Uan Winkle, H.E.H, 1921, Illustrations and Descriptions of fosail Mollusca
contained in the paleontological collections of Cornell University,
Bull, Am, Paleont, V/ol. 8(36): 3-6, pi, 1, figs, 6-9,
Willett, B, 1938, Remarks on some yest American Mollusca, Nautilus.
V/ol, 52(1); 10-11, pi. 1. figs, 1-6.
NEW MEMBERS
Bukry, David, 675 Sq, 6i0rra #32^ Solana Beach, Ca, 92075, 755-8998
Keeler, James H,, 30 Park Lane, Chagrin Falls, Ohio 44022
Kemp, Bruce, 9420D Carlton Daks Dr, Santee, Ca, 92071, 449-7610
Musgrove, Jean, 875 Tourmaline St, San Diego, Ca, 92109, 488-3921
Scripps Institution of Oceanography Library, E-075C, Univ, Of Calif,
at San Diego, La Jolla, Ca, 92093
CHANGE OF ADDRESS
Strigliabott i , Susan M,, 2582 Del Mar Heights Rd, i^7, Del Mar, Ca, 92014
481-6177
Uol. XII (7)
The Festivus
90
[VATICA (LUIMAIA) LUIMARI5 BtRRY, 1964
FORREST a LEROY POORMAN
15300 Magnolia Street, Space 55
liiestminister, California 92683
In 1964 Dr, b, Stillman Berry described ^^Jatica (Lunaia ) lunaris (Figs,
la a lb) in his LEAFLETS I(\l MALACOLOGY, Uol, 1(24): 147-154, He listed
Estero Tastiota, Sonora, Mexico as the type locality (offshore in 14-25
fms). The species differs from other Naticas in that the funicle, or ridge
of callus, which ascends out of the umbilicus along the inner lip, is
reduced to a scarcely noticeable projection on the edge of the lip. This
feature led Dr, Berry (1964) to describe a new genus, Lunaia , within the
(\l.3t icidae. Subsequent workers have placed the species in (Mat ica primarily
because of the calcareous operculum.
Fig, la, ventral view Fig, lb, dorsal view
IMatica (Lunaia ) lunaris Berry, 1964
In the summer of 1979, we received a letter from Phil and Jewel Covey
of Bahia San Carlas, Sonora, telling us that they had specimens of this
species. This information added great anticipation to our annual migration
to Guaymas in October, As soon as the trailer was in place, we visited the
Coveys, They had made an extensive trip south as far as Manzanillo, Colima
in June 1979, Their main objective was to walk the beaches. They reported
that collecting could be considered poor compared to former years. This
verified reports we had from as far south as northern Peru, It also re-
flected our own experiences at San Carlos during October and (Movember,
However, during a low tide in July 1979, while uialking a beach at
Bahia Matenchen, (Mayarit they came on an area littered with IMatica (Lunaia )
lunaris (normally a deep water species). All specimens were without
animals.
Due to the generosity of the Coveys we now have in our collection a
beautiful growth series of this previously hard to get species. In
October 1979 we visited Bahia Matenchen with great expectations and found
one dead specimen.
91
The Festivus
IN MEMDRIAM
EMERY P. CHACE
1882 - 1980
It is with sadness that we report the passing of Emery P, bhace, a
charter member of The Ban Diego Shell Club and Curator of Marine
Invertebrates at The San Diego Natural History Museum from 1954 until his
retirement thirteen years later in 1967,
Emery Chace became interested in shells as a young married man and he
and his wife, Elsie Chace, were active collectors throughout their married
life. They collected marine mollusks and fossils all along the west coast
of the United States and in Mexico and collected land mollusks in the
mountains and deserts. Many of their shells are a part of the scientific
collection of the SDNHM, They kept detailed records of their findings and
trips in their notebooks and the information contained in these provided the
basis for the scientific papers they were to publish later.
Emery Cpace only began his second career as curator of Marine
Invertebrates after his retirement from the construction field at the age
of 7C, In 1954 the curatorial post was a part time position and with Mrs,
Chace as his assistant and working only ICC hours a month, they embarked
upon the staggering task of curating the A.M, Strong collection. Many of
our older members will fondly recall the warmth and graciousness of Emery
and Elsie Chace and their desire to be of help to those who visited the
Marine Invertebrate Department or attended our Club meetings in the Museum
where they acted as our sponsors.
Ten new species and one new genus were described for the Chaces and in
19bQ they received the American Maiacological Union, Idestern Division Honor
Award Bt the Year for fifty years of distinguished work in conchology,
Mr, Chace published over 2b papers in scientific journals both as sole
author and as co-author with Mrs, Chace and others, A listing of his
papers appears at the end of Conchological Reminiscences ^ * co-authored by
the Chaces and published with the aid of the San Diego Society of Natural
History on their retirement in 19b7,
Mr, Chace described five new species, one of these co-authored with
Mrs, Chace, The following are the species described by Emery Chace and the
journals in which they were described,
Helminthoqlypta traski misiona Chace, 1937, Holotype in SDNHM
A new race of Helminthoqlypta traski from Lower California, Nautilus,
Uol, 55(2):60-fal.
Ammonitella yatesi allyni Chace, 1951, Holotype and Paratypes in SDNHM
A new subspecies of Ammonitella, Nautilus V/ol, 64:122,
□cenebra set tcmi Chace, 1958, Holotype in SDNHM
Tne marine molluscan fauna of Guadalupe Island, Mexico, Trans, San
Diego Sqc, Nat, Hist, 12: 319-332,
Nassarius howarriae Chace, 1958, Holotype and Paratypes in SDNHM
A new mollusk from San Eelipe, Baja California, Trans, San Diego
Sac, Nat, Hist, 12: 333-334
Monadenia f irielis beryllica Chace & Chace, 1935, Holotype in SDNHM
A new variety of Monadenia f idelis from Curry County, Oregon,
Nautilus 49: 48-49.
/i'./Bilah]R in Club library
K\“(30
THE
F4/«
AIpII,
WILLIAM H. DALL
SECTiO.A'AL LIBRARY
DIVIblON OF MOLLUSKS
FESTIVUS
SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB
FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968
MEETS THIRD THURSDAY, 7:30 P^M,
ROOM 106, CASA DEL PRADO, BALBOA PARH
President: ....Sandle Seckington
UlcB President: David K, Mulllner
Recording Secretary; Carol Burchard
Corresponding Secretary Marjorie Bradner
Treasurer; .Walter Robertson
Editor: Carole M. Hertz
ANNUAL DUES: Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc,
Single membership $U,0Q; Family membership $5,00
Student membership $3*00; Overseas surface $6»OQ«
CLUB ADDRESS: Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc,,
c/o 3B83 Mt. Blackburn Ave,, San Diego, Calif,, 92111
\Jol, XII August I960 No, B
*
*
* PROGRAM: David K, Mulliner ujill give a talk on photography of marine
* animals accompanying his presentation with a display of his
* photographic equipment and a selection of his slides,
* Photographing in the studio, microphotography and underwater
* photograp,hy will be discussed,
*
I Details of the September 13 party will be discussed.
♦ Date: August 21, 1980 Time: 7:30 P.M. Place: Room im
CONTENTS
Exploring the underwater ancient sea cliffs — an ecosystem
MULLINER, DAUID K, 93
A note on PAZIELLA HY5TRICINA (Dali, 1889)
D'ATTILIO, ANTHONY 95
Minute shells DAPHNELLA OLATHRATA Gabb, 1865.
HERTZ, JULES 97
Club news 101
****** ******-)Ht *******
93
The Festivus
EXPLORING THE UNDERWATER ANCIENT SEA CLIFFS
AN. ECOSYSTEM*
DAVID K. MULLINER
Department of Marine Inve]'tebrates,, Natural History Museum^: Balboa Park
P.D, Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112
Ecosystems, regardless of size, consist of an assemblage of plants and
animals linked by a Fundamental need — food. All of the energy (sunlight)
and materials (minerals) originate basically in the physical environment.
In the ecosystem living things absorb, transform, and circulate energy and
matter and then release them to the environment again. The final release
comes at death.
The ecosystem that is of greatest interest to me at this time is the
rocky reef area off Point Loma on the outer edge of the giant kelp
(Macrosystis pyrif era) beds. The reef is as shallou as 50 feet in some
places and drops on the seaward side as sheer cliffs to depths of more than
100 feet. This area is known as "The Ancient Sea Cliffs" and it does look
like the sea cliffs along the present day Point Lom'^^ shoreline. The sun's
rays reach down tenuously to st^’rt the flow of energy into the abundant
algae, Upwelling brings minnrols up from the depths. The open sea sweeps
against the cliffs bringing food (plankton) to the filter feeders, '-ind so
the physical environment and the organisms interact with each other to form
the ecosystem.
Fig, 1, Calliostoma snnuletum Fig, 2, Hinnites qiqonteus
(Lightfoot, 1786) feeding on (Gray, 1825) in sea cliffs,
bryozoans.
The diversity of life on the ancient sea cliffs is grnat(:r than most
areas. It begins i.'ith the giant kelp, Pelegophycus porra , which reaches
to the surface ujith its big buoyant ball and giant blades. The gastropod,
Norrisia norrisi, c m occasionally be found here, also the opisthobr'mch ,
Melibe leonina. As lue swim doiun to the top of the reef we see the rocks
covered with dozens of species of -’Igroe, Fish abound from the Cleaner
Wrasse, Senorita, Bheephead, and Goby to the Rockfish, "Oebastes." Growing
along the cliffs among the serj E-memones, Corynactis calif ornica , are the
lacy bryozoans, Phidoloporc3 pocif ica. Living and feeding on the bryozoans
is Calliostoma annulat urn (Fig, 1), Hydroids, Aqlaophenia and T ubularia^s re
found here and so i.'re the m;?ny aeolid nudibrnnchs thr3t feed on them. The
Uol. kll (8)
The Feativus
94
cliffs are an excellent habitat for the rock scallop, Hlnnites qiqanteus
(pig, 2), Many sponges are found on the reef. They are the prey of the many
Dorid nudibranchs such as Archidoris monterevanals. ETadling marqinata (Fio. 3)
Anisodoris nobilis , and Dendrodorls f ulva»
In the cliffs and along the bass are many ledges and caves. Abalone
can occasionally be found on the underside. Lobster (Fig, 4) hide in the
caves along uith Ling cod and Cabezon, Dive at night and you might see
the Monkey-faced Eel,
Fig, 3 , - Cadlina mr-rginata
(MacFarland, 1905)
Fig, 4, Spiny lobster in crevice of
cliffs
At the base of the cliffs are jumbled rocks, mud and sand. There are
many open and barren areas in contrast to the high density of life on the
reef. The mater is much colder here; me are belom the thermocline. Many
gastropods ore found in this area; Pteropurpura macroptera, Pteropurpura
vokesae, Mitra idae, Kelletia kellet ii , Bursa calif ornica, Crassisplra
semiinf lata, Meqasurcula carpent eriana (Fig, 5), Meqasurcula stearnsiana etc.
Our air supply is
running lorn so me suim back
to the surface. Point Loma,
two miles inshore, rises in
steep cliffs 30 to 100 feet |
high and then slopes upurard.
It is off this part of San
Diego that ue make our
ueekend dives exploring,
photographing and
collEting,
Fig, 5, Megasurcula carpenteriana (Gabb, 18o5)
* From a talk given to the San Diego Shell Club by Dave Mulliner,
Fig, 1. Paziella hystricina (Dali, 1809)
SDMHM Lot #73599, dredged in 90 fms off
Barbados, West Indies. Length: 12 mm
Collector and Donor: Don Pisor
v/oi, XII (a)
The Feativue
96
A NOTE DM PAZIELLA HY5TRICIMA (DALL, 1889)
ANTHDIMY D‘ATT.ILID
Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park
P,0, Box 1390^ San Diego, CaUlfornia 92112
The original description of Pazlella hystricina in the "Blake" report
bias based on specimens collected in deep water throughout the Antillean
area: 148 fms, off Montserrat, 170 fms off Martinique, and 254 fms off Cuba,
The species description is accompanied by an engraved illustration,
A number of specimens have been collected within the last two years by
dredging in 90 fms off St, James Island, Barbados, Of two specimens I
studied (SDMHM Lot ;^^73599) one resembles the type figure in its spiral
sculpture and the other shows more numerous primary spiral cords, Dali
indicates the presence of "three principle posterior and several smaller
anterior spiral cords," The specimen figured in this paper (Fig, 1) shows
five primary cords and 4 or 5 diminishing spiral cords anteriorly.
Although Dali states that the shell has nine whorls, the engraving shows 6
whorls plus the protoconch. The specimens I studied have five whorls in
addition to those on the protoconch and although mature in appearance
(length 12 mm), it would seem that a single additional whorl would bring
the length of the shell up to 21 mm, the size of the type. The number of
varices are 7 to 9, The apertural denticles are a strong feature of this
species and may number from 4 to 6, None of the specimens examined retained
the complete and perfect series of shoulder spines demonstrated by the
type figure.
The shifting generic allocation of this species is apparent in the
following synonymy;
Phyllonotus hystricinus Dali, 1889, (Plate legend reads Murex hystricinus ).
Hurex (Poirieria) hystricinus (Dali, 1889), Clench and Karf ante, 1945.
Latiaxis hystricina (Pall, 1889), V/okes, 1971,
Poirieria (Paziella) hystricina (Dali, 1889), Radwin and D'Attilio, 1976,
Acknowledgments
Mr, Don Pisor of San Diego was a member of a group that dredged this
material off Barbados and kindly donated these specimens to the collection
of The San Diego Natural History Museum,
Literature Cited
Abbott^ R, Tucker, 1974, American Seashells, Second Edition. The
Marine Molluscs of the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of Norirh America,
S63 pp,, 23 pis,, 6405 ^text Ulus,, (p, 185)
Clench, William J, and I, Perez Farfante, 1945, The genus Murex in the
Western Atlantic, Johnsonia, No, 17. pp, 1-58, 29 plsT ^pp. 45-46)
Dali, William H, 1889, "Reposts of the Results of Dredging. . ,U.S. Coast
Survey steamer "Blake". ,," XXIX. Report on the Mollusca. Part 2.
Gastropoda and Scaphopoda, Bull. Mus. Comp, Zool,, Uol. 18. pp. 1-492
(p. 200^ pi, 16 fnot pi. 15j fig. 4) . , PP. x 4
Radwin, George E, and Anthony D'Attilio. 1976. Murex Shells of the World,
An Illustrated Guide to the Muricidae. 284 pp, 32 pis., 192 text
figs, (p, 85)
Uokes,, Emily H, 1971, Catalogue of the genus Murex Linne (Molluscs &
Gastropoda); Muricinae, Dcenebrinae. Bull, of Amer. Paleo. Uol. 61
#268. 141 pp. (p. 58) '
97
The Festivus
MINUTE SHELLS
DAPHNELLA CLATHRATA GABB, 1065
JULES HERTZ
Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park
P»0. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112
Among some small shells recently obtained From Loyal J, Bibbey was a
single specimen of Daphnella clathrata Gabb, 1S65« The material had been
trawled by Ronnie Nicols in nets in depths of 300 to 450 feet on the south
side of the La Jollo Trench (off San Diego, California) from January to June
1979, The single specimen of £, clathrata is approximately 9.0 mm long and
has a broken lip. Apertural and dorsal views are pictured in Figures 1 and
2, The shell is brown and has approximately 14 prominent as well as some
intercalary cords on the body whorl. The axial sculpture is subdued on the
body Ljhorl but is more prominent on the posterior whorls. The presence of
axial sculpture on the body whorl is readily apparent using flat lighting
(Figure 3), The differences in appearance under flat and normal lighting are
significant and may contribute to some identification problems in litereture
where the method of photogr .phy has varied from normal lighting and has not
been adequately explained. Conversely, the use of special lighting effects
can be beneficial in highlighting specific shell features that would normally
be difficult to picture. The excellent photographs were taken by David K.
Mulliner, Festivus staff photographer.
Fig, 1, £, clathrata
apertural view
Length: approx, 9 mm
normal lighting
Fig, 2, £, clathrata
dorsal view, same
shell os in Fig, 1,
normal lighting
Fig, 3, D, clathrata
apertural view, seme
shell as in Fig. 1,
flat lighting
uoi^ XII (a)
The Feativue
9a
Identification of the shall uiaa confirmed by comparison with three lots
of D* clathrata in tha San Diggo Natural History Musaum, SDNHM Lot ^22885
conTaina 4 spacimena from tha H.N, Louji collactlon obtained In 30 fathoms off
Naujport, Ga» The largest shall in this lot is 13 mm, SDNHM Lot i^22BQ2 is
elso from the H.N, Lows collection. This Hot consists of 5 sheila varying
in size from 7 to 14 mm and in color from belgo to light brown. They uera
collected in 50 fathoms off Catalina Island, Ea, The third lot, from the
A,M, Strong collection (SDNHM ;^^40843), contslns 4 shells collactad in 30 to
40 fathoms off Catalina Island, Ca, The largest shall in this lot is 18 mm,
and it has strongly rounded, closely spaced cords on the body uhorl. In-fact,
there are significant differences in sculpture of the shells within lots and
from lot to lot. The shells of Lot ^22882 all have heavier cording than the
specimen figured here. Some have very heavy rounded cords on the body whorl
with finer rounded cords between the heavier ones. Some of the cords are
randomly beaded and a cursory examination of the specimens gave the
impression that the shells had some white cords. Soma of the shells in both
lots U22B>Ei2 and #22885 have cords with alternating color segments of white
and beige, thus giving an outward appearance of having some white cords,
D, clathrata was previously figured by Grant and Gale (1931),
Hinds T1844) named the genus Daphnella and distinguished shells in this
genus from other small Plaurotomaceas by stating that the Daphnella had "a
thin fragile structure, elongated in form, the outer lip acute, and separated
from the last whorl so os to leave a sinus, aperture of a lengthened oval,
scarcely any canal, and with the surface usually transversely striated,”
Gabb (18G5) described the species £, clathrata as follows; ”Shell small,
fusiform, thin, aperture longer than the spire; nuclear whorls three or more,
obliquely truncated above, convex below, this truncation is partially
obsolete on the last whorl; surface closely clathrate, except on the lower
part of the last whorl where the radiating lines become obsolete; aperture
large, columella somewhat twisted, slightly encrusted; outer lip thin, acute,
posterior sinus moderately deep and narrow, adjoining the suture and angular
at its upper corner; color brownish white with minute brown spots sparsely
scattered, usually placed on the larger of the revolving ribs,”
Cooper (in Gabb, 1865) stated the type locality as Santa Catalina Island
in 60 fathoms Find that the type was located in Survey Cabinet, Mollusca,
No, 1053, Grant and Gale (1931) state that the type is housed at the
University of California (?), Dali (1921) states the range as San Miguel
Island to San Diego and Cortez Bank, California, This range is repeated by
Dldroyd (1927), Grant and Gale (1931) and Abbott (1974), Burch (1946) notes
the collections of Lowe off Catalina Island and off Newport Beach and
collecting by Burch in 100 fathoms off Redondo Beach, California,
Daphnella has traditionally been placed with Manqelia in the family
TurritJae because they both lack an operculum. Powell (1966) states that
"The operculum is either absent or reduced to vestigial size in the ,
Mangellinae and Daphnellinae , ” The most distinguishing feature for the
Daphnella is the protoconch, Powell (1966) states ”The protoconch seems to
be a valuable aid in the segregation of generic or subgeneric groups, but
only one, the diagonally cancellate *sinusigera ' is narrowly diagnostic,
being confined to the Daphnellinae and the Thacheriinse, always in associ-
ation with a reversed L-shaped sinus or modification of it," McLean (1971)
states that "shallow water eastern Pacific genera with diagonally cancellate
protoconchs are Daphnella Hinds, 1844; Rimosodaphnella Cossman, 1915;
Philbertia vMonterosato. 1884; and the new genus T runcadaphne , "
99
The Fsstivus
The pratoconch of the spBcimen trawled off the La Jolla Trench !•
illustrated in a SOX camera lucida drawing by Anthony D’Attilto (Flguiw 4),
The first nuclear whorl has 6 raised nodulose (very fine) striae, A greatly
enlarged view of this detail is also shown. The second and third whorle of
the protoconch show axial raised ridges on the upper portion of the whorls
and diagonally passing ridges below the shoulder resulting in excavated areas
between, A greatly enlarged detail of this dathrate (latticed) structure
is also shown in Figure 4,
This protoconch is similar to that of Daphnella cancellata Hutton, 1878
illustrated by Powell (1966), It is interesting that such a distinguishing
characteristic as the Daphnella protoconch was not mentioned in Hinds'
description of the genus nor Gabb's description of the species D, clathrata.
-ET "Q
■»»- O . li-XJ C"
V
f'
Fig, 4, Protoconch of £, clathrata
Drawing at SOX, details of nodulose
striae and latticed sculpture
greatly enlarged.
The chipped lip on the specimen trawled
south of the La Jolla Trench prevented the
figuring of the species' distinctive sinus.
Figure 5 is a 12X drawing by Anthony D'Attilio
of a _D, clathrata specimen from SDIMHM Lotf^22882.
It shows the posterior sinus adjoining the
suture typical of the reversed L-shaped sinus
of Daphnellinae,
Grant and Gale (1931) have stated that
^Daphnella clathrata is the only character-
istic California species.” They believed that
another California species, Daphnella f uscoliqata
Dali, 1871, was not a true Daphnella but a
Flanqelie and the species name M, f uscoliqata was
renamed the species Manqelia crassaspera. Abbott
D, f uscoliqBta as a valid species with M, crassas
"as a synonym, McLean (1978) placed the species i
Monterosato, 1884 thus making the name Clathroman
1871), This species will be the subject of a fut
Fig, 5, Drawing of
D, clathrata showing
distinctive sinus,
magnification 12X,
SDIMHM Lot ;S^22882
Length: approx, 7,5 mm,
preoccupied. They therefore
(1974), however, lists
pera Grant and Gale, 1931
n the genus Clathromanqella
qelia fuscoliqata (Pall.
ure Festitrus article.
\/oi» XII (a)
The Festlvu*
100
Grant and Gale (1931) indicate that D, clathrata is very similar to
the Caribbean species, Daphnella lymneifcrmls (Kianer. 1839-40) and that
Pleurctcma lymneifcrmls is considered the typa (by subsequent designation,
Herrm§nnsen, 1847) of the genus Daphnella Hinds, 1844, Grant and Gala
also considered D, clathrata very similar to D, bartschi Dali, 1919 found
in the Panamic region, except that D, bartschi has a shorter aperture and
apparently a thicker shell. Further work on the Daphnella might show
that lymneiformis is an analog of either D, bartschi or £, clathrata.
Acknowledgments
I am indebted to Loyal J, Bibbey for the shell and collecting data, to
David K, Mulliner for the high magnification photographs and comments on the
effects of lighting, and Anthony D'Attilio for the fine drawings and
commentary on labial sinus and protoconch.
Literature Cited
Abbott, R, Tucker, 1974, American Seashells, Second Edition, V/an IMostrand
Reinhold, 663 pp, 24 pis,
Burch, John W, Ed, 19A6, Distributional list of the West American marine
Mollusca from San Diego, California to the Polar Sea, [Extracts from
thej Minutes of the Conchological Club of Southern California, Part II,
Uol, II, I\!o, 62, p, 31 (August),
Gabb, lilm, M, 1665, Proc, Cal, Acad, Sci, Wol, 3, p, 185,
Grant, U.S,,. 1\1 and H.R, Gale, 1931, Catalogue of the marine Pliocene and
Pleistocene Mollusca of California and adjacent regions, Mem, San
Diego Sue, IMat, Hist,, Uol,l, pp, 1-1036, 15 figs,, pis. 1-32 (Oov, 3)
[p, 542, pi, 25, figs, 23, 243,
Hinds, R,B. 1844, Zool, V/oy. -sulphur, Mollusca, p,25,
McLean, J.H, 1971, A revised classification of the family Turridae with the
proposal of new subfamilies, genera, and subgenera from the eastern
Pacific, Ueliger, i/ol, 14(1); 114-130. 4 pis, (July 1)
McLean, J.H. 1978, Marine shells of Southern C-'llfornia, Los Angeles
County Museum of Natural History, Science Series 24, Zoology, No, 11,
104 pp. 54 figs,. Revised Edition (March 20),
Qldroyd, Ida S. 1927, The marine shells of the West coast of North America,
Stanford Univ, Pub,, Univ, Ser,, Geol, Sci,, Wol, 2, Pt, 1, p, 150,
Powell, A.LlI.B, 1866, The molluscan families Speiqhtiidae and Turridae,
Bull. Auckland Inst, and Mus, No, 5, 184 pp,, 23 pis, (Nov. 1),
Dr, Hans Bertsch has resigned from his position as Curator of Marine
Invertebrates at the Ban Diego Natural History Museum, He has accepted a
position as Science Education Advisor at the Waikiki Aquarium in Hawaii,
liJe wish him success in his new position, Anthony D*Attilio is now Acting
Curator in the Department of Marine Invertebrates,
FDR SALE BY SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB— The Club has a duplicate set of The
Ueliger. Uolumes 1-12 for sale. Uolumes 1-8 and 10-12 are out of
print and unavailable in their original form. The Club is asking S250,
plus postage for these volumes. Please address all inquiries to the
editor.
101
The Festiuvs
FROM THE MINUTES
San Diego Shell Club Meeting - 17 July 1980
CAROL B ORCHARD
Vice President David Mulliner called the meeting to order at 7:55 P.M,
and guests and neu members were introduced*
Anthony D'Attilio uas the speaker for the evening, Tony is a
distinguished artist as well as malacologist uho has been uith the San
Diego Natural History Museum for the past eleven years, Tony accompanied
his talk on radula morphology with his drawings of radulae as well as
electron micrographs and slides of the shells discussed.
During the refreshment break there was viewing of the beautiful Murex
brought for exhibit and shell trading. Also on exhibit was the Festivus
display which had been prepared for the U],S.M, meeting in June,
The September party will be held on Saturday the 13th and the theme
will be East Indian, Details at the August meeting. The Club requires
a host for the party. If you are willing to let the Club l uae^ your home or
garden, please contact a Board rrember.
The meeting ended with Tony D'Attilio shauing slides of some of his
his paintings. It was a delight to view them. The meeting was adjourned
at 9:20 P.M.
NEU MEMBERS
Brosius, Doris & George, #159 14 0746, Dep, Mail Sect,, Box 11,
APQ San Francisco, Ca, 96301
Martin, Cynthis & Philip "Moki", 1117 G Ave,, ^oronado, Ca, 92118. 435-3214
McPeak, Ron, 7989 La Brusca Way, Carlsbad, Ca, 92008. 942-3489
Sears, Mr, l^ody^ 12875 Caminito Del Canto, Del Mar, Ca, 92014, 455-6322
Winkler, Jutta, 1657 Hearsarge Rd,, La Jolla, Ca. 92037. 459-2484
CHANGE OF ADDRESS
Mabry, Billee & Don, 1233 Monte Uista, Palm Springs, Ca, 92262.
Bertsch, Judith & Hans, c/o Waikiki Aquarium, 2777 Kalakaua Ave,
Honolulu, Hawaii 96815
Temporary address —until October
Bradner, Marge & Hugh, University of Hawaii, High Energy Physics, DUMAND,
2505 Correa Rd,, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
FOR YOUR INFORMATION
Under the terms of the Balboa Park Commision and the San Diego
Botanical Foundation, under whose auspices we meet in Room 104 of the Casa
Del Prado free of charge, we are not permitted to sell or make a profit on
anything while in their building, (But trading is most certainly permitted
before the meetings and during the refreshment break).
Shell desk diaries willi be available at the September meeting 3 S4.25.
Notify Wally Robertson if you want to order any calendars § S3, 00, He will
have to place a new order.
i^oii
THE
FESTIVUS
SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB
FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968
MEETS THIRD THURSDAY, 7:30 P.M.
ROOM 104, CASA DEL PRADO, BALBOA PARK
President:, Sandie Seckington
Vice President; David K. Mulliner
Rec. Secretary: Carol Burchard
Corres. Secretary :, .Mar jorie Bradner
Treasurer: Walter Robertson
Editor:. Carole M. Hertz
ANNUAL DUES: Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc.
Single membership $4*00; Family membership $5.00
Student membership $3*00; Overseas surface $6.00.
CLUB ADDRESS: Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc.
c/o 3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, Calif., 92111.
Vol. XII September I98O No. 9
COME TO THE ANNUAL SEPTEMBER PARTY
(Saturday evening, September 13» 1980)
?he party will have an East Indian theme and will be held at the
fhome of Margaret and Dave Mulliner. The party will begin at 6:00 P.M
jfSee map on last page of this issue for details and directions. There
jl:will be no regular meeting this month.
CONTENTS
Notes on TURRITELLA LEU COS TOMA Valenciennes, I832
HERTZ, CAROLE M IO3
Notes on gastropod radulae
D'ATTILIO, ANTHONY 110
Notes on CALLIOSTOMA VARIEGATUM Carpenter, I864
HERTZ, JULES H5
Club news 117
j;o;c;c;c;c>;;5;c;c;c;c;c;c5;c;c;o;c:
103
The Pestivus
NOTES ON TURRITELLA LEUCOSTOMA VALENCIENNES, I832
CAROLE M. HERTZ '
Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park,,.
P.O. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112 1
Class Gastropoda
Family Turritellidae Vvoodward, l85l
Genus Turri tella Lamarck, 1799
Turritella leucos toma Valenciennes, 1832
Turritella leucostoma VALENCIENNES, I832, in Humboldt and Bonpland,
Voyage aux regions equinoxiales du nouveau continent fait en 1799-
190i|. Vol. 2, Zool. pp. 275-276. KIENER. I8I4.3-I8I41. Icon, des ;
coquilles vivantes..., p. 9, pi. 6, fig. 2. MERRIAM. 19i|-i» U.C. ;
Pub. Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci.Vol. 26, p. 56. pi. 38» fig. 11. '
HERTLEIN & STRONG. 1955. Bull. Am. Mus.Nat. Hist. Vol. 107(2): 271-
273. KEEN. 1971. Sea shells of Tropical W. America, p. 392, fig. j
ilUO. ABBOTT. 197U* American seashells, 2nd ed. p. 95* i
Turritella tigrina KIENER, l643“l644* Icon, des coquilles vivantes... ;
pT 29, pi. 4, fTg. 2. REEVE, l8i|9. Conchologia iconica. Vol. 5»
Sp. 8, pi. 3> fig. 6. TRYON, 1886. Manual of conch. Vol. 8, p. 199,
pi. 62, figs. 65 & 66.
Turritella cumingii REEVE, l8i|9. Conch, iconica. Vol. 5, Sp. 13,
pi. kf fig. 13.., .
Turritella dura MORCH, i860. Malakozool. Blatter... Vol. 7(2) :7o.
kEEl'J , Occas. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 59, p. 22-23,
figs. 27a, b,c. |
This second in a series of articles on Turritella found in the
Gulf of California, Mexico, treats the distinctive species, Turritella |;
leucostoma Valenciennes, 1832. Valenciennes described but did not
figure the species which he called popularly, ’’Turritella a bouche
blanche” or white mouthed Turritella. His original description was
based on a I4. inch specimen irom Acapulco, Mexico.
In I8I1.3 Kiener described and figured T. tigrina (Fig. 1) and
also figured and described what he considered was T. leucostoma Val.,
1832. Later workers Merriam (I9I4-I-U2), Hertlein & Strong ( 1955 ) ,
Keen (1971) and Abbott (197i-) considered T. tigrina and T. leucostoma j
conspecific .
In 1814.9 Reeve ’’redescribed” T. leucostoma using a different
figure than Kiener (Fig. 2). He also ’^redescribed” and refigured
T. tigrina and in the same volume named and figured a new species,
T. cumingii (Fig. 3) from Panama. The figures of T, tigrina and T.
cumingii figured by Reeve have imperceptible differences; cumingii jj
is merely a more slender shell than T. tigrina. Merriam ( I9I4-I-I4-2 ) ’
states that, leucostoma Val. ( tigrina kiener . cumingii Reeve)
seemingly represents a distinct stock which may have appeared in
Pacific North American waters late in the Cenozoic.” Hertlein &
Strong (1955) state that ’’There is variation in the shape and orna
mentation of the whorls [bf T. leucos tomal but the characteristic
features of this species are^usually defined and quite different
from these of any other west American Turritella. ” Keen (1971) and
Abbott (197il) also consider T. cumingii to be a synonym of T. 1.
leucostoma.
Vol. XII (9)
The Festivus
10k
In i860 Morch named but did not figure a species he called T.
dura. After studying the four syntype specimens of T. dura in the
Copenhagen Museum, Keen (1966, Fig. 2?a,b,c) considered T. dura a
synonym of T. leucostoma (Fig. i|). ^
Fig. 1. T. tisrina Kiener, l8i|.3
xerox copy of* original PI. 4
No. 2 in Kiener (1814.3).
Fig. 2. xerox copy of PI. II
No. 5 from Reeve (l849)
(Reeve* s conception of
T. leucostoma Val.4
Fig. 3. T. cumingii Reeve, l81|9
xerox copy of original PI. IV
No. 13 from Reeve ('184^.
Fig. 4» T. dura Morch, i860
halftone of photo of syntypes
of T. dura in the Copenhagen
Mus'eum in Keen (1966).
105
The Festivus
T. leucostoma is easily recognized and separated from other
species of Turritella occurring in the Gulf of California though
there is variation among individuals of the species. The sculpture
of T. leucostoma is essentially an unchanging feature from the first
whorl of the teleoconch to the body whorl with the exception of a
slightly more prominent central cord on the first 6 to 9 whorls of
some specimens. The whorls are turret-shaped, contracted posteriorly,
and projected out anteriorly; some specimens showing a more rounded
periphery than others. Figures 5-10 are all specimens of T.
leucostoma and illustrate the variability within the species.*;:- While
in juvenile specimens the whorls are usually angulate throughout the
length of the shell, in the adult the later whorls are sometimes
more rounded at the periphery as in Figure 7. Figure 8 shows a
change in the spiral sculpture on the body whorl after the animal's
shell was injured.
The length of mature shells studied varied from approximately
59mm (SDNHM Lot#28219 from Mazatlan, Sin. Mex. , Fig. 6) to 139 mm
(SDNHM Lot#19583 from Magdalena Bay, B.C., Mex.). Mature shells also
varied from very slender to robust. A specimen from San Felipe, B.C.,
Mex. (Fig. 10) is a very slender shell of 120 mm. The number of
whorls per inch is inconsistent from specimen to specimen and not a
reliable diagnostic feature.
Fig. 5* T» leucostoma
SDNHM Lot #28217
(Kino Bay, Son. ^ Mexico)
Collector: H.N. Lowe
Fig. 6. T. leucostoma
SDNHM Lo^t #28219
(Mazatlan, Sin., Mexico)
Collector: H.N. Lowe
Length: 64 mm (18 whorls) Length: 59 mm (17 whorls)
Fig. 7. T. leucostoma
SDNHM Lot #605bl
(Kino Bay, Son., Mexico)
Collector: A.M. Strong
Length: 75*5 mm (I6 whorl
106
Vol. XII (9)
The Festivus
Fig. 8, T. leucostoma
SDNHM Lot#2H^^^
(San Juan Del Sur,
Nicaragua )
Collector: H.N. Lowe
Length; 100 mm (19 whorls)
Fig, 9. T. leucostoma
SDNHM Lot /1|I|395
(Concepcion Bay, B.C.,
Mexico )
Collector: Dr, Lindsey
Length: 10[|. mm (l8 whorl ^
Fig. 10, T, leucostoma
Gemmell Collection
(San Felipe, B.C., Mex. )
Collector: Joyce Gemmell
Length: ll8 mm (25 whorls}
dead collected.
-Ji- All specimens photographed had the nucleus decollated.
Each whorl has between J4. and 6 prominent spiral cords. Most
specimens examined have from 2 to rows of minor cords between the
major ones. Some show no minor cords, some show some double rows of
minor cords between the major ones (Fig, 9), and in some specimens the
minor cords approach the strength of the major ones. There is no axial
sculpture. Figure 11 is a scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of a por-
tion of the body whorl and the penultimate whorl of the juvenile speci-
men (15 mm long, 11 whorls) in Figure 12, The SEM shows a whorl of 5
strong primary cords and no developed axial sculpture. In this
specimen faint minor cords can be seen.
The spiral cords often appear nodulose but are actually smooth.
The bumpy appearance is the result of the highlights of the flammulose
color pattern (Figs. 8 & 9). The ’’neatly articulated ridges” described
and figured in Reeve (l8i|9) [Fig, 23, would have been a result of this
misleading effect provided by the color patterning. The patterning
ranges from a light orange-brown to a deep chocolate color. The
interior of the rounded aperture is white. However, the exterior
color often shows through giving the interior a brown cast or showing
the flammulose marking of the exterior.
i07
Tne Festivus
Fig. 11 SEM at 20X of penultimate whorl
and portion of body whorl of the juvenile
T. leucos toma pictured in Fig. 12.
Fig- 12 T. leucos toma
SDNHM Lot #2«21?
(Kino Bay, Son., Mex. )
Collector; H.N. Lowe
Length; 15 rrmi(*ll whorls)
More than 100 specimens were
studied and none had the proto-
conch intact. Merriam (lOi+l)
states that, "the calcareous
protoconch of Turn i tella is
essentially the same in all
species examined, and is similar
to that of other genera - for
example, some of the Cerithiidae.
This structure is too simple and
generalized to be of value for
purposes of taxonomy." Interest-
ingly he notes that the turbinate
protoconch is often decollated
as the shell matures and that the
breakage is repaired by the pos-
terior mantle tip which secretes
a septum to seal the break.
Marwick (195?) and Garrard (1972) however, consider the protoconch as
criteria for classification of the family. Figure 13, an SEM at 90X,
details the early whorls of the decollate juvenile specimen in Figure 12
Fig. 13 SEM at 90X of first whorls
of juvenile specimen in Fig. 12.
Vol. XII (9)
The Festivus
108
Aa
It illustrates the more prominent cord on the first 6 to 9 whorls of
some specimens mentioned earlier.
Very little has been written about the operculum in the
Turritellidae. Merriam (19i;l) gives the following generalized de-
scription. ’’The operculum is a horny, circular, multispiral plate
with a central nucleus and fimbriated edge; it closely resembles the
operculum of Potamides.” Fretter and Graham (1962) add that the
operculum is edged with bristle-like extensions as in some vermetids.”
In their discussion of feeding they add that
T. cormnunis partially withdraws its head and
7oot during feeding "and the operculum
brought forward so that its spinous edge
acts as a subsidiary filter...." Neither
Graham (1938) in his work on food col-
lecting in: T. communis nor Yonge (19i|6)
on the life Eabits ot communis mention
the operculum in this regard.
In Figure ll|, drawn at 6X, the
number of spiral rings of the
operculum of a mature specimen is
shown diagramatically. The
operculum grows in a
succession of spirals
attached to the inner layer
which is attached to the
foot. The edges of these
ig. Ill Operculum of
T. leuco stoma at 6X
'Operculum bent in drying and
)pears ovate. Dotted lines
low circular shape).
Fig. 15 Detail of segment of
operculum drawn at 25X,
109
The Festiviis
spirals, or bands, often separate from the succeeding spiral forming
an irregularly fimbriated, or frayed, edge. Figure 15 shows a segment
of the operculum of T. leucostoma drawn at 25X, It indicates the
rows of primary, secondary, and tertiary tubercles (T) in relation to
the spiral rings (R). The tubercles are conically shaped unless
broken and are a dark brown color. The diagonal striations (S) on the
bands do not radiate from the nucleus but follow the direction of
growth. The lines indicated are the dividing lines of the raised
ridges, (F) represents the fimbriated, or frayed, edges of the bands.
The specimens studied were from the San Diego Natural History
Museum (SDNHM), California Academy of Sciences (Oal, Acad,), the
Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History (LACM), and local private
collections. The specimens studied ranged from Punta Abreojos (LACM
Lot #71-4 on the outer coast of Baja California, Mexico) to Panama
(Cal. Acad. Lot #341^ Lot #4^549 £Coiba Is^), and northward
through the Gulf of California to San Felipe, Baja Calif,, Mexicp
(Mulliner collection, 1 specimen, subadult, live collected, -4*0' ’
tide, November 13> 1966), Two adventitious specimens were noted from
”238° True, miles off Huntington Beach, California 33°37’60"N,
ll8°04' 17"W, from I8 fathoms on green mud and fine sand,. February I6,
1941''* (LACM Lot #AHF235-41 ) • TLe reported range for this species
(Keen, 1971) is from Cedros Island, Baja California, Mexico to Panama
and south through the Gulf of California,
Acknowledgments
I am indebted to Anthony D*Attilio for his drawings of the
operculum, for his discussion of its morphology and for his critical
reading of the paper, I want to thank David K, Mulliner for the many
hours he spent photographing ’ the majority of the specimens
illustrated, Barbara W. Myers for the photograph of the specimen in
Figure 10, and Robert Pettyjohn for the scanning electron micrographs,
I am grateful to Dr, Barry Roth of the Cal. Academy for his gracious
help and to Dr, James H, McLean, Gale Sphon, and Patrick LaFollette
for making the LACM collection available to me. My thanks to
librarians Judith Dyer and Carol Barsi of the SDNHM for their help in
locating obscure publications and to Margaret Mulliner and Joyce
Gemmell who permitted me to examine specimens in their collections.
My appreciation to Jules Hertz who critically read and proofread the
article ,
In addition to the literature cited in the synonymy, the
following works were also cited.
Fretter, v, & A. Graham, 1962, British Prosobranch Molluscs, Ray
Society. 755 PP»
Garrard, T.A, 1972, A revision of Australian Recent and Tertiary
Turritellidae (Gastropoda: Mollusca). J. Malac, Soc. Austral,
Vol. 2(3) :267-338.
Graham, A, 1938, On a ciliary process of food-collecting in the
gastropod Turritella c ommuni s Risso, Proc. Zool, Soc, London.
Vol. 108, Ser. Z, pp, 4^3-463*
Marwick, J, 1957. Generic revision of the Turritellidae, Proc,
Malac, Soc, London, Vol, 32(4) J 144-L66,
Yonge, C,M, 1946, On the habits of Turritella communis Risso,
J, Mar, Biol, Assn, U,K,, 26: 37V-380,
Vol, XII (9)
The Feativus
110
NOTES ON GASTROPOD RADULAE
ANTHONY D»ATTILIO^^
Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park,
P.O, Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112
Study of the gastropod radula begins with developing a technique
for extracting the radula out of the animal *'s body, cleaning and then
mounting the radula for microscopic viewing. The dissection becomes
especially troublesome when the soft parts of the animals* bodies are
surrounded by a hard shell. Various methods of softening or rotting
the tissue have been used. The shell can be broken open, or the soft
parts can be carefully teased out. For those species without a shell,
or when the animal has been preserved with the head extended, a simple
lateral incision opens the buccal mass to extraction with forceps. The
ribbon then can be isolated and cleaned by soaking in a 5% solution of
sodium hypochlorite which will dissolve the surrounding animal tissue.
This chemical is sold commonly in food chain stores as Chlorox or by
some other trade name. If the specimen is very small, the entire soft
parts can be placed in sodium hypochlorite until the radula can be
lifted out. Because of the corrosive effects of the chemical,
cleaning must be continually monitored or the entire radula can be
dissolved. Mounting of the radula on a slide has been explained •
numerous times in the literature. See Radwin, G.E,, 1969. Technique
for extraction and mounting of Gastropod radulae. Veliger, Vol, 12(1):
ll4.3-li|I|., for further information.
The study and illustration of the radula may >be simple or compli-
cated depending on the morphology of the species being examined. For
example, a simple radula
in the Muricidae subfamily
Muricinae, will have a flat
rachidian or central tooth,
only weakly arched so that
there is very little
variation of views in the
form being studied. In 2
other subfamilies of
Muricidae the rachidian
tooth will not lay down
flat because of its com-
parative thickness and
strong sculpture in 3 di-
mensions, NoJ; only is the
rachidian tooth strongly
arched but it is relatively
thick for its width and
height. The result is that
the teeth will have a ten- i Radula of Murex tribulus Linne, 1758
dency to rest in all sorts ®
of positions which makes it . . t
difficult to understand the perspective of each view. Figure 1 shows
a typical radula of a Murex s.s. It is a matter of personal
Adapted from a paper by Anthony D*Attilio and Hans Bertsch entitled,
"Studying Radular Morphology,” and presented at W.S.M, I98O by Anthony
D’ Attilio,
Ill
The Festivus
judgement then to decide what the most understandable view or aspect
of the individual tooth is and then search for any resting in the
position required. However, in our view, there is no ,one perspective
which explains the entire morphology, Radular teeth are components
of a complex, intricate, moving system. The relative position of
teeth at rest inside the mouth is different than the position of the
teeth in relation to each other when the radula is used in feeding.
For this reason an understanding of such teeth is best obtained by
showing as many views as possible-- lateral, dorsal, ventral, and
whatever other view is available on the slide.
Another disconcerting nroblem arising in the study of small radulae
having a strong three-dimensional aspect is that often the whole
tooth cannot be brought into focus in one plane. Since some portion
of the tooth will not be in focus or even visible, the microscope lens
has to be shifted up or down to bring the different areas or contours
of the teeth into focus. If one is using a camera lucida to make an
enlarged illustration, adjustments have to be made constantly in the
drawing because the subject is made larger or smaller as the lens is
moved up or down. Thus, you cannot pick up a line and continue your
drawing without "fudging" the lines to be connected. This happens even
though the lens being used remains the same.
One other problem is that the radula is translucent, and one has
to decide whether the tooth is being viewed dorsally or ventrally.
After studying the overall perspective and relationships of teeth to
each other on the radular ribbon, individual or small clusters of teeth
can be detached for analysis. The overlapping of the teeth can obscure
the denticles and the contour of both the entire tooth and the denticles.
The scanning electron microscope is especially useful to visual-
ize the three-dimensional structure of radular teeth, and their
functional inter-relationships. These micrographs reveal how the
teeth fit against each other, and the variation in the shape and size
of the main cusp depending on the angle of view. Figures 2a and 2b
Fig. 2a. Shii of Cvpraes. tessellata
radula. 150/1+5^X
Fig, 2b. oEM of C. tessellata
radula from different angle
than in Fig, 2a. lOOX
Vol. XII (9)
The Festivus
1I2
and reproduced here from his article, "The Sharp-Tongued Mollusks,"
(Festivus, Vol, XI(2)j 9-15)*
After we have examined the radula, we can use it for taxonomic
purposes. The radula can be a very effective tool, especially in
species where genus or subfamily assignment has been previously
dubious because of ambivalent morphological characters in the shell.
Regardless of its importance, the radula should always be considered
only one character among many in descriptive taxonomy.
Following are several examples in which the study of the radula
suggests a change in taxonomic placement, Austro trophon cerrosensis
(Dali, 1891) in my opinion
does not belong in the
Muricidae subfamily
Trophoninae but in the
Ocenebrinae. It is closely
allied to Forreria belcheri
( Hinds , 1 ) , in~ the
Thaididae with which it may
have congeneric affinities.
Figures 3 and I4. show the
radulae of Austro trophon
cerrosensis and Forreria
belcheri, Both have a
Forreria type radula. Small
or semi -mature shells of
both these species are
similar and can very easily
be mistaken one for the
other. For contrast note
the radula of a true
trophonoid, Trophon
geversianus (Pallas, 1777 )»
icihe type of the genus^in
Figure 5* The radula has
the simple 5 pointed tooth
characteristic of many
Trophoninae species.
If we examine
the genera Rapana from the
western Pacific type species
R. bezoar (Linne, 1787)
and Neorapana from the
eastern Pacific type species
N. muricata (Broderip, I832)
we see that these genera
should probably be synony-
mized considering the close
relationship of the radulae,
shell morphology, and the
very few species involved.
Figure 6 shows the radula
of Rapana bezoar and Figure 7
Pacific species, Neorapana muricata.
Fig, 3* Radula of A, cerrosensis
Fig. Ij., Radula of F, belcheri
illustrates the radula of the eastern
113
The Festivus
Fig. 6. Radula of Rap ana bezoar Fig. ?• Radula of Neorapana muricata
(after Thiele [jl929j )
Vol. XII (9)
The Festivus
Ilk
The most distinguish-
ing character of the family
Muricidae is the almost
consistent presence of 5
major-minor denticles, and
depending on the subfamily,
additionally ornamented
with fine laterally placed
folds extending, at times,
into points (Figure 8).
Ocenebra erinaceus (Linne,
175b )» ranging from England
to the Mediterranean, has
the typical form of species
in the Ocenebrinae.
Based on radular
studies some genera usually
included in the family may
need a re-interpretation of
taxonomic placement. For
example, the radula of
Phyllocoma scalarif ormis
(Broderip, ltJ33) shows a
central radular tooth with
only 3 cusps (Figure 9)
instead of 5. Vitularia
salebrosa (King & Broaerip,
ltJ32) is another eastern
Pacific species (Figure 10)
but this has 7 cusps
instead of 5*
Fig, 8, Radula of Ocenebra erinaceus
typical Ocenebra 8,s,
Fig, 9. Radula of Phyllocoma scalariformis
Fig, 10. Radula of Vitularia salebrosa
115
The Festivus
NOTES ON CALLIOSTOMA VARIEGATUM CARPENTER, iSOi^.
JULES HERTZ
Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park
P.O. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112
A juvenile specimen of Callios toma variegatum Carpenter, I86I4. was
recently obtained from Loyal J, 6ibbey in some material trawled off
the south side of the La Jolla Trench (off San Diego, Ca,), The
material was trawled in nets by Ronnie Nicols in depths of 3OO to 14.50
feet from January to June 1979. Although the specimen figured below
is only 6,5 iwn in diameter and approximately 7 nim in height, this
species is not considered "minute" since adult specimens have been re-
ported as large as 26 mm in height and 26 mm in width (Dali, 1902),
Although uncommon, this
species' range was reported by
Burch (19I4-6) as Forrester Island,
Alaska to Cerros Island, Lower
California (Mexico); specimens
having been dredged in depths of 20
to 60 fathoms. Individual lots
nave been reported in the literature|
from various locations off
California (Avalon, Catalina Island;|
San Diego; San Pedro; and Monterey) ^
It has also been reported from
Puget Sound, Washington near the
San Juan Islands and off Forrester
Island, Alaska. Rice (1971) cites
the species as being found from the
intertidal to 600 foot depths.
Carpenter (I664) named the
species from one living specimen
(6 mm in height) dredged in Puget
Sound by Dr. C.B.R. Kennerley, and
described it in comparison to
Callios toma annul a turn (Lightfoot,
176b) as "small, more conical ,
nodules more distant, white on rosy
ground," In l665. Carpenter wrote
a more detailed Latin description,
Dali (1902) further described the
species based on adult specimens.
Palmer (195^) summarizes the synonymy of C. variegatum and lists the
holotype as U.S, National Museum, No, "1x201 ?*'which bears the printed
label, "Puget Sound, W.T. Dr. Kennerly (sic) Type." Oldroyd (1927)
stated that the type was in the U.S, National Museum, no. 122567.
However, Palmer (1956) pointed out that this specimen could not be the
original Carpenter type since it was collected in Puget Sound in I691
and that no. 122567 was probably the specimen figured by Dali (1902).
The latter figure is that of an adult specimen, 25.0 mm in height.
Palmer described the holotype (no, 4201) as "a beautiful specimen
with a tiny entire rosy protoconch consisting of one or more smooth
bulbous whorls with an indistinct line of demarcation followed by a
large rougn whorl with spiral ribs, but the ribs are not nodose; the
Callios toma variegatum
Carpenter^ 1664
Magnification 12,5k
Vol. XII
The Festivus
116
nodosity begins on the following ribs. On the body whorl there is a'
fourth nodose interradial which on the whorls of the spire is a faint
cord; the nodes are white with brownish internodes , " The specimen
figured here from the La Jolla Trench is approximately the same size
as the holotype. It is decollate, and the teleoconch consists of five
whorls. The first post-nuclear whorl has two smooth spiral cords, the
next three whorls have three very nodulose cords, and the body whorl
has an intercalary cord in addition to the three spiral cords. The
cords are reddish brown while the nodules are translucent white.
There is no consistent pattern of rows formed by the nodules in
adjacent cords. Sutures between whorls are distinct and more depressed
than the spaces between cords. There is a relatively smooth cord on
the periphery of the body whorl. The basal area iso flattened with five
prominent cords containing brown spots on a translucent white back-
ground. In addition, it has a number of flatter, less prominent inter-
calary cords. The aperture is subquadrate.
Two lots or C. variegatum in the collection of the San Diego
Natural History Museum were studied for comparison purposes. One lot,
SDNHM 29ii4l» consisting of a single shell approximately 13 mm in height
and width was obtained in 50 fathoms off Santa Catalina Island,
California, The second lot, SDNHM 29i4-09, consists of l\. shells
collected by George Willett off Forrester Island, Alaska, These speci-
mens are approximately as wide as they are tall and vary in height
from 13 to 20 mm. In adult shells the sutures are more distinct, the
alternating brown areas are more subdued, and the basal cords are more
prominent. Rice (1971) contains an excellent color photograph of an
adult specimen.
The specimen figured here ahows the shell as it was trawled, with-
out cleaning, I am indebted to David K, Mulliner, Festivus staff
photographer, for the excellent photograph.
Literature Cited
Burch, J.Q, Ed, 194^* Distributional list of the West American marine
Mollusca from San Diego, California to the Polar Sea, ^Extracts
from the^ Minutes of the Conchological Club of Southern California,
Part II, Vols, I-II (Gastropoda), Nos, I).^-63.
Carpenter, P.P. l864« Supplementary report on the present state of
our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North
America, Rep. Brit, Assoc, Adv. Sci, for I863, pp. 517-686 (Aug,),
1865, Diagnoses specierum et varietatum novarum Moluscoriam, prope
Sinum Pugetianum a Kennerlio, nuper decesso. collectorum, Acad, Nat.
Sci, Phila, Proc, Vol, 17, pp. 54-84 (AprilK
Dali, W.H, 1902, Illustrations and descriptions of new, unfigured, or
imperfectly known shells, chiefly American, in the U.S, National
Museum, Proc, U.S.N.M, Vol, 24, No. 1264, pp. 499-566, pis, 27-40*
Oldroyd, Ida S, 1927. The marine shells of the West coast of Nortn
America, Stanford Univ, Pub,, Univ, Ser. Geol, Sci, Vol. 11(3)
340 PP*» pis, 73-108,
Palmer, Katherine E, v.W, 1958. Type specimens of marine Mollusca
described by P.P, Carpenter from the west coast (San Diego to British
Columbia), Geol, Soc. America Mem, 76, 376 pp,, 35 pis, (Dec, 8),
Rice, Tom, 1971, Marine shells of the Pacific northwest, Ellison
Industries, Inc, 102 pp,, 40 pis, (June),
117
The Festivus
FROM THE MINUTES
San Diego Shell Club Meeting - 21 August I98O
CAROL BURCHARD
President Sandie Seckington called the meeting to order at 7 :l\3 P.M.
Guests were introduced and a food signup list was passed for the Shell
Club party on September 13th. This event will take place at the home
of Margaret and Dave Mulliner^and the theme is Indian (Hindu), Kay
Taylor has volunteered to give Sari wrapping lessons at Carole Hertz's
on September 2nd at 7s30P.M.
Dave Mulliner was the guest lecturer for the evening and gave a
very informative presentation on photographing marine animals both in
the studio and underwater. Dave demonstrated with slides how the back-
ground colors, shadowing, and focusing affect the shell's appearance.
He also showed many other techniques of photographing in and out of
wata? and microphotography. Dave was good enough to bring his equipment
enabling members to view the setups first hand and ask questions,
(An adaptation of this talk will appear in .a future Festivus. Ed.),
After the refreshment break there was a brief business meeting,
A request was made to buy an electric carbon ribbon typewriter (office
model) for the Club and, specifically, for The Festivus, The motion
was made and passed unanimously, A discussion followed with suggestions
for raising money to repay the Club treasury for this purchase.
It was announced that a $5 per meeting fee may be enacted by the
city for the use of the meeting room. Roland Taylor won the door prize.
The meeting was adjourned at 9:14-5 P.M,
NEW MEMBERS
CAIAZZA, MARY, 280 Surfview Court, Del Mar, Ca., 92014
GIBSON, DONNA, 3511 Park Blvd. Apt. #4, San Diego, Ca. 92103, 692-0084
CHANGE OF ADDRESS
NELSON, SUSAN & JOHN, 535 North 3rd St., Logan, Utah. 84321
SZ^'?!y/'~xe ^ ''/r^/ ^ JX
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SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB
FOUNDED 1961 • INCORPORATED 1968
MEETS THIRD THURSDAY, 7:30 P.M.
ROOM 104, CASA DEL PRADO, BALBOA PARK
President:,,. Sandie Seckington
Vice President: David K, Mulliner
Rec, Secretary: Carol Burchard
Corres, Secretary :. .Mar jorie Bradner
Treasurer: Walter Robertson
Editor: Carole M. Hertz
ANNUAL DUES: Payable to San Diego Shell Club, Inc,
Single membership $4.00; Family membership $5.00
Student membership $3.00; Overseas surface $6.00,
CLUB ADDRESS: Address all correspondence to San Diego Shell Club, Inc.
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All
October I960
iO .
0
PROGRAM: John Duffy, marine biologist with The Department of
Pish and C-ame, will speak on, "The Sea Life of Australia."
he will accompany his talk with many of the underwater
slides he took while in Australia,
Slides of the September party will also be shown.
This will be Marginella Night, Bring your Marginellas for
display.
Tnere will be a silent auction of shells to help raise funds
for the typewriter for The Festivus.
Date; October 16, I98O
Time: 7:36 PM
Room lOR
OONTENTS
Observations on DIIiYA CALIP"'0RN lANA Berry, 1936 and redescription
of the hinge ( Hivaivia : Dimyacea )
MYh.RS, BARBARA W. and ANTHONY D» ATTILIO . . . . 119
Club news 124» 12b
SIPHONIUM, an over-used name in Mollusca
KEEN, A. MYRA IPS
Range extension for TRIGONOSTOMA ELEGANTULUM Smith, 1947
POORMAN, FORREST and LEROY POORMAN 127
119
The Festivus
OBSERVATIONS ON DIMYA CALIFORNIANA BERRY, 193^ AND REDESCRIPTION
OF THE HINGE (BIVALVIA: DIMYACEA)
BARBARA W. MYERS and ANTHONY D’ATTILIO
Department of Marine Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Balboa Park,
P. 0. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112
Superfamily: DIMYACEA Fischer, l886, (Art. 36, ICZN - Yokes, 1979)
Family: DIMYIDAE Fischer, l886, Man. de Conch, et Paleo. Hist.
Nat. de Moll. Viv. et Fossiles Pt. 10, p. 936
Genus: DIMYA Roualt, 18^0/ Mem. Soc. Geol. France (ser. 2) v. 3,
pt. 2, p. [j.70 (fide Sherborn). Dimyarina Iredale, 1936,
Rec. Aust. Mus. V. 19, p. 269. Deuteromya Cossmann,
1903, Rev. Crit. Paleozool. v. 7, p. 68”,
DIMYA CALIFORNIANA Berry, 1938. Proc. Malacol. Soc. London, vol. 22:126
When Dr. S. Stillman Berry named this species in 1936, it was the
first record of the family Dimyidae from our California coast. In 1 Qi|i| ,
an additional species was recorded from Orange County, California?
Dim^ cpralliotis Berry. Both species were named from single specimens..
At the time he named his second species. Berry stated he had seen a num-
ber of specimens of D. californiana which had been collected on the
Pacific side of Baja California and in the Gulf of California. Hertlein
and Strong (1948) reported a single left valve dredged in 46 fms in
Ceralbo Channel, Gulf of California. Keen (1971) gives the range for D.
californiana from Southern California to Angel La Guarda Is., Gulf of ””
California in 89 to 1227 meters.
Through the generosity of L.J, Bibbey, the San Diego Natural
History Museum received a specimen which was dredged from I38 m off the
La Jolla Trench, San Diego County, in June 1979 (Catalog #73805).
After examination of this specimen, it is our opinion that it is D,
• However , we have been unable to obtain the type material
for comparison.
For years there was little information regarding this small and
rather obscure family. Ihe discovery of three new species and two new
genera from the Caribbean Sea and a new species from Japan in the early
1970»s plus new fossil species and records from the Eocene to the
Pleistocene, has given us new information about the family. It is now
believed that Dimya is descended from the Upper Triassic genus Dimyodon
Munier Chalmas" Fischer, I886. (Yokes, 1979). The genus Dimya itself —
was named from an Eocene fossil from France, Recent species are mostly
found in deep water to 1227 m, although D. .1 aponi ca Habe, 1971, was
collected as shallow as 20 m. Species in the family are small, flat-
tened and attachment is by the right valve, often to dead shells, !
corals etc.
The hinge which is unique within the Bivalvia was described vari-
ously as ligament interne, loge dans un fossette verticale*’
(Fischer, I886); "Ligament linear, minute; cartilage inserted in a
triangular pit in the cavity of the beak" (Dali, 1886); "Resilium rest-
ing in a strongly excavated pit in the dorsal valve, bending under a >
little shelf in the ventral valve" (Bartsch, 1913). Bartsch’s de-
scription is accurate to some extent, but does not describe the hoop-
like connection between the two valves. Precise description of the
hinge of Dimya corrugata Hedlev. 1902, by Yonge (1978) appli es generally
to the Dimyidae,
Vol XII(IO)
The Festivus
120
RIGHT VALVE
A WTERIOR
LEFT VALVE
Fig. 1. Enlargement at 50X of internal ligament of D. californiana
showing calcareous sockets and resilium.
In describing the hinge of D. californiana. Berry stated, "Cardinal
crura slightly raised, roughened, continuous above the small rounded-
triangular, pitlike socket for the resilium." His description of the
hinge of D. coralliotis is similar. Our examination of the hinge of
our specimen shows it is composed of a thin, linear, external, amphi-
detic ligament that runs longitudinally along the dorsal edge of the
valves. There is an internal resilium located in a mouth-like cal-
careous cavity or socket in the right valve which emerges at a right
angle from the umbones, makes a loop, and attaches to the left valve
within a smaller cavity also at right angles (Figure 1). Yonge (1978)
121
The Festivus
has shown in D. corru^ata Medley, 1902, that
the internal resilium actually forms a hoop
and is connected with the external ligament
(Figure 2). This resilium, as its name
implies, is elastic. Under normal tension
it keeps the valves gaping. When the
adductor muscles contract to close the
valves, the resilium is compressed;
when the adductor muscles relax again the
valves spring open. The left valve has a
slight depression below the beak within
the larger socket of the right valve is
when the valves are closed. Below this
pression is located the smaller socket
Iv
which
seated
de-
of the
left valve. The socket in each valve is more
or less triangular, projecting at right angles
from the beaks.
Figure 3 is a camera lucida drawing of
the interior of the right and left valves of
D, californiana showing the distinguishing
of this species. On each side of the
in the left valve there is a nodule,
is longer. These nodules fit into
valve. There
hinge line in
Fig, 2. Ligament of
D. corrugata shown in
transverse plane showing
hoop. From Yonge (19?8),
characters
depression
anterior side
sions in the right
wrinkles along the
The nodule on the
corresponding depres-
are numerous unequal longitudinal
both valves which mesh together when
beaks. The posterior adductor
entire and the anterior margin
impressions. These are easily
the valves are closed. The interior of the right valve has a row of
minute radial ridges inside the outer edge which are stronger near the
auricles and the left valve has a corresponding row of pits or depres-
sions. These ridges and depressions seem to have no uniformity except
to follow the radius of the valves. The interior of the right valve
has a few microscopic radial ribs. There are two adductor muscle scars
in each valve; the anterior is the smaller and is situated close to the
scar is bilobed. The pallial line is
is marked by a series of shallow
seen in the left valve, but indistinct in
the right. The shell is cemented to the substrate by the right valve;
in this specimen the right valve is covered with leaf colored green
paint. Exteriorly the left valve which is the upper valve has tan to
white micaceous concentric lamellations , The valves are thin and flat-
tened, but the left valve is the more inflated. The specimen measures
l8 mm X 15 rrim.
Keen (1971) and Cox & Hertlein (1969) both state for the family
characteristics that the right valve is less convex. However, Berry
(1936) in his description of D, californiana stated the right valve
was "deeper" than the left valveT Dali ( 1B56 ) in describing D.
argentea stated the right valve is deeper and larger than the other.
Habe ( 1971 ) in describing D, japonic a stated that the right valve is
larger and deeper. Bayer Tl971) of Basiliomya goreaui states the
right valve is deep whereas the left valve is flat. Moore (1971)
when describing Dimyella s tarcki stated the right valve is cupped, the
left valve flat or slightly convex. In our specimen the right valve is
almost completely flat, turning up only slightly on the lower anterior
edge. Because it is covered with green paint it must have been attached
A NTERIOR
Vol XII(IO)
The Festivus
122
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