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ISSN: 0738-9388

Volume: XIX

THE FEST1VUS

A publication of the San Diego Shell Club

January 8, 1987

Number: 1

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor

Photographer

Wesley Farmer
Bill Romer
Ginny Herrmann
Barbara Farmer
Margaret Mulliner

Carole M. Hertz
David K. Mulliner

MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego
Shell Club. Single member: $10.00;
Family membership: $12.00;

Overseas (surface mail): $12.00.

Address all correspondence to the
San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883
Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111
Single copies of this issue: $5.00.
Postage is additional.

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M.
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
R. Tucker Abbott

American Malacologists s Inc.

Eugene Coan

Besearch Associate

California Academy of Sciences

Anthony D'Attilio

San Diego Natural History Museum

William K. Emerson

American Museum of Natural History

James H. McLean

Los Angeles County Museum

of Natural History

Barry Roth

Fesearch Associate

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily Vokes
Tulane University

The Festivus is published monthly except
December. The publication date appears
on the masthead above.

PROGRAM

"Twenty-eight years of the Ocean World"

Sam Hinton, scientist and folksinger, and former director of the Scripps Ocean
Aquarium for eighteen years will be the speaker (and, we hope, singer) for the evening.

Meeting date: January 15, 1987

4

CONTENTS

Emended description and designation of lectotypes for Fdvartia (Murexiella)
humilis (Broderip, 1833) and F. (M.) norrisii (Reeve, 1845) and discussion of

F. (M . ) laurae (E. H. Vokes, 1970): Muricidae

D'ATTILIO, ANTHONY and BARBARA W. MYERS 2

Book review: Seashells of Brazil by E.C. Rios

McLEAN, JAMES H. (reviewer) 8

Club news 8

Page 2

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(l) : 1987

EMENDED DESCRIPTION AND DESIGNATION OF LECTOTYPES FOR
FAVARTIA (MUREXIELLA) HUMILIS (BRODERIP, 1833) AND
F (M.) NORRISI I (REEVE, 1845) AND DISCUSSION OF
R (M.) LAURAE (E. H. VOKES, 1970): MURICIDAE

BY

ANTHONY D'ATTILIO and BARBARA W. MYERS

Department of Marine Invertebrates, San Diego Natural History Museum, Balboa Park,

P.O. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112

ABSTRACT

Syntypes of Murex humilis Broderip, 1833, and Mur ex norrisii Reeve, 1845, were
examined and a lectotype for each species is designated. Comparison is made between
M. humilis and M. norrisii. Favartia (Murexiella)'' laurae (E. H. Vokes, 1970) is
discussed and the distribution is extended to Ecuador.

INTRODUCTION

In Radwm and D'Attilio (1976) the synonymy for Murexiella humilis (Broderip,
1833) erroneously included M urex norrisii Reeve, 1845, and Mur exiella laurae E.H.
Vokes, 1970. In this paper we are clarifying the specific characters for each
species and comparing them with each other

FAVARTIA (MUREXIELLA) HUMILIS (BRODERIP, 1833)

Murex humilis Broderip, 1833:175; figured Sowerby (1834) Conch. Illus. pi. 65,
figs. 46-47

Murex humilis Broderip: REEVE (1845), pi. 13, fig. 50a, 50b
Murexiella keenae E.H. Vokes, 1970:325-326, pi. 50, figs. 1-3
Murexiella keenae E.H. Vokes: KEEN (1971:519, fig. 989)

Murexiella humilis Broderip: RADWIN and D'ATTILIO (1976:157, pi. 25, figs. 3-5)

The type lot of Murex humilis in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) consists of
three specimens, reg. #197482, from the H. Cuming collection. Broderip indicated
the type locality as Sanctae Elenae, Ecuador. All three specimens are worn and
probably were collected dead (Figs. 1 and 2). We could not match exactly any of
the syntypes to Sowerby 's
figures (46 and 47) in the
Conchological Illustrations.

However, one of the syntypes
is very close to Sowerby ' s
figure. We here designate
this specimen as the lecto-
type (Figs. 3 and 4). The
other two syntypes closely
resemble the figure by
Sowerby in Reeve (1845, pi.

13, figs. 50a and 50b).

Vokes (1970) noted that this
Reeve figure resembled her
new species Murexiella keenae.

We consider that all three
specimens of the syntypic lot
represent morphological
variation of the same
species and we are, there-
fore, designating the

Figure 1. Favartia (Murexiella) humilis (Broderip/ 1833)
Syntypes Reg. #197482 British Museum (Nat. Hist.),
apertural view. Courtesy of the Trustees of the
British Museum of Natural History.

Vol . XIX(l): 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 3

remaining two specimens paralectotypes . Based on the syntypic material and other
specimens studied, it is our conclusion that M. keenae falls in the synonymy of
Favartia 04.) humilis.

The lectotype measures 33.9mm x 22.2 mm and is fusiform with a rather short
spire and convex body whorl. Siphonal canal is straight, narrowly open and
distally recurved. The nucleus is eroded and there are five weakly shouldered
postnuclear whorls with an impressed suture. Aperture is subcircular with no
apparent anal sulcus; outer lip weakly crenulate and weakly lirate within. Thfe

Figure 2. Dorsal view of syntypes of F. (M . ) humilis
shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3. F. 04.) humilis. Lectotype
here selected. 33.9 x 22.2 mm,
apertural view.

Figure 4. Dorsal view of lectotype of
F. 04.) humilis. Courtesy Trustees of
the British Museum (Nat. Hist.)

Brit. Mus. (N.H. ) Reg. #197482

Page 4

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(l) : 1987

columellar lip is adherent above and detached and weakly erect below. There are
eight varices on the body whorl, which cross the shoulder and terminate at the
suture. There are five strong cords on the body, one on the shoulder and three on
the canal. Where the cords intercept the varices, short recurved open spines are
developed. The leading edge of the final varix is somewhat scabrous.

Color is dull white with faint traces of pale ochre banding at the shoulder
and in the interspaces of the cords at the varices.

The two paralectotypes measure 34.5 x 22.9 mm [A] and 31.0 x 19.0 mm [B] . They
differ mainly in their thicker varices, overall robust appearance and shorter canal.
Neither of the two paralectotypes had a preserved protoconch. Color is dull gray-
white with traces of rust color banding at the shoulder, midway on the body whorl,
and on the tips of the short spines of the canal.

FAVARTIA (MUREXIELLA) NORRISII (REEVE, 1845)

Murex norrisii Reeve, 1845, pi. 28, sp. 129a and b

Murexiella norrisii (Reeve): FAIR (1976), fig. 276 [syntype #197416 (sic)]
Murex norrisii Reeve: D'ATTILIO (1986:48-50, figs. 2 and 3)

Early in 1986 the senior author received from Carol Skoglund of Phoenix, Arizona,
two specimens of a muricid collected at San Pedro, Ecuador. These two specimens were
identified as Murex norrisii Reeve, 1845. A statement in his article (D'Attilio,

1986) that the type was lost occasioned an immediate reply from Ms. Kathie Way of the
British Museum (Nat. Hist.) stating that three syntypes were deposited in the
British Museum Reg. #1974064. Thereafter we borrowed these types to confirm our
understanding of this species (Figs. 5 and 6). A note accompanying the types stated,
"The middle-sized specimens appears to be that figured. Reeve mentions a further
syntype in the Norris colln. , whereabouts unknown."

We here designate as lectotype the middle-sized specimen, since it appears to
be closest to the size of Reeve's figure. However, the spines, although similar, are
not as long or delicately recurved as in Reeve's figures. Further the siphonal canal
on Reeve's figures appears nearly straight relative to the axis of the shell, whereas
the canal in the syntypes is strongly bent to the left. Except for these slight
differences, the three syntypes do not differ to any degree from the figured specimen.

The lectotype (Figs. 7 and 8^

32.8 x 20.7 mm, is a fusiform
shell with a moderately high
spire, impressed suture,
tapering body whorl and long,
narrowly open siphonal canal
which is bent to the left. The
nucleus is eroded and there are
five moderately tabulate whorls.

Aperture is subcircular; outer
lip crenulate, inner lip
appressed above, erect and de-
tached below. There are six
varices which cross the shoulder
and terminate at the suture.

There are five major cords on
the body whorl with a minor cord
in each interspace. Each major
cord has several grooves and
remnants of lamellae are visible
on all cords. There are two
cords on the canal with an inter-
stitial minor cord and three
minor cords are present in the gap
between the body and canal. Where

Figure 5 , Favartia (Murexiella) norrisii (Reeve, 1845)
Syntypes Reg. #1974064 Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.),
apertural view.

Vol . XIX(l) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 5

the cords are intercepted by the varices, there are short, open, branched spines.
Color is white with brown spots on the posterior three spines; spire is mostly
pale brown.

The two paralectotypes measure 35.9 x 24.9 mm [A] and 26.3 x 17.6 mm [B] .

"A" has six postnuclear whorls. Color of the paralectotypes is the same as the
lectotype.

Inasmuch as Reeve did not designate a type locality, we here designate San
Pedro, Ecuador, from which two living specimens were collected (C. Skoglund, pers.
comm. ) .

Figure 6. F. (M . ) norrisii (Reeve, 1845) dorsal view of syntypes.
Courtesy Trustees of the British Museum (Nat. Hist.);

Figure 7. F. (M.)norrisii (Reeve, 1845)
Lectotype here selected. 32.8 x 20.7 mm,
apertural view, Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.)
Reg. #1974064.

Figure 8. F. (M. ) norvisii (Reeve, 1845)
dorsal view of lectotype.

Page 6

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(l) : 1987

Favartia (Murexiella) norrisii differs from F. (M .) humilis in its overall
shape with a body whorl that tapers gently to the narrowing siphonal canal, while
F. (M .) humilis has a convex to globose body whorl that becomes tightly constricted
at the canal. F. (M .) norrisii is a lighter, more delicate shell and tends to have
numerous frondose and branching spines in contrast to F. (M .) humilis which is strong
and heavy with a single spine at the termination of each cord where it is intercepted
by a varix. The protoconch of F. (M .) humilis (Fig. 9) has 3% conical whorls. The
surface is abraded and the extreme terminal portion is eroded. It differs from the
protoconch of F. (M .) norrisii (Fig. 10) which has 2\ to 2% smooth, brown, low,
broadly convex whorls.

FAVARTIA (MUREXIELLA) LAURAE (E.H. VOKES , 1970)

Murexiella laurae E.H. Vokes, 1970:328-329, pi. 50, figs. 4 and 5
Murexiella laurae Vokes: POORMAN, 1980:273, figs. 5 and 6

^Favartia (Murexiella) laurae (E.H. Vokes, 1970) was erroneously placed in the
synonymy of F. (M .) humilis by Radwin and D’Attilio (1976) but was treated as a valid
species by Poorman (1980). After our examination of the syntypes of F. (M .) humilis
we also consider F. (M .) laurae to be a valid species.

Favartia (M .) laurae differs from F. (M .) humilis by its smaller size, fewer
varices, three to five rather than six to eight for F (M .) humilis 3 and the deep pits
between the cords at the varices characteristic of F. (M .) laurae.

We have examined specimens of F. (M.) laurae from Playa del Coco, Guanacaste,
Costa Rica (one specimen, C. Skoglund collection); La Plata Island, Ecuador (one
specimen); Salango Island, Ecuador (one specimen); Chatham Bay, Cocos Island, Costa
Rica (one specimen, D.R. Shasky collection) (Figs. 11 and 12); Juluapan, Colima,
Mexico (eight specimens, L. Poorman collection).

Previously cited distribution for F.(M.) laurae was from Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico
to White Friars, Mexico (Poorman, 1980). The records for Costa Rica, Cocos Island,
and Ecuador indicate the distribution may extend to the south nearly 2,000 miles.

We wisn to thank the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) for loan of the syntypic
material of Murex humilis Broderip, 1833 and M. norrisii Reeve, 1845. The photo-
graphs of these syntypes are published here with the kind permission of the Trustees
of the British Museum (Natural History) .

We also wish to thank Mrs. Carol Skoglund of Phoenix, Arizona; Dr. Donald R.
Shasky of Redlands California and Mr. Leroy H. Poorman of Westminster, California,

Figure 9. F. (M .) humilis , detail
drawing of protoconch, X50.

SDNHM #82936, off Danzante Is., Gulf

Figure 10. F. (M .) norrisii , detail
drawing of protoconch, X50.

San Pedro, Ecuador. SDNHM #90734
ex C. Skoglund collection

of California.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Vol . XIX(l) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 7

for the loan of study material.

We are very grateful to Mr. David K. Mulliner of San Diego, California, for
the photographs used in this paper, and Mrs. Theo H. Fusby, department secretary,
for typing the manuscript.

Figure 11. Favartia (M .) lauvae Figure 12. F. (14.) laurae, dorsal

(E.H. Vokes , 1970). Drawing of a ~ view of specimen shown in Figure 11.
12.7 x 8.0 mm specimen, dredged, Chatham D.R. Shasky collection.

Bay, Cocos Is., Costa Rica. 1984.

LITERATURE CITED

BRODERIP, W.J.

1833. Characters of new species of Mollusca and Conchifera collected by Mr.
Cuming. Proc. Zool. Soc. London for 1832:173-179
D'ATTILIO, A.

1986. Rediscovery of Murex norr'isii Reeve, 1845. Festivus 28(4):48-50, 4 figs
FAIR, R.

1976. The Murex book: an illustrated catalogue of Recent Muricidae (Muricinae
Muricopsinae , Ocenebrinae) . 138 pp., 23 pis. Fair, Hawaii

KEEN, A MYRA

1971. Sea shells of tropical west America. 2nd ed . 1064 pp., 22 pis. ca 4000
text figs. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, CA
P00RMAN, L.H.

1980. Reinstatement of two species of Murexiella (Gastropoda: Muricidae) from
the tropical eastern Pacific. Veliger 22 (3) : 273-276 , 7 figs.

RADWIN, G.E. AND A. D'ATTILIO

1976. Murex shells of the world, an illustrated guide to the Muricidae. 284 pp
32 pis. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, CA

Page 8

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(l) : 1987

REEVE, L. A.

1845-1846. Conchologia Iconica or illustrations of the shells of molluscous
animals. Vol. 3 (Murex) , pis. 1-36, London
SOWERBY, G.B. II

1834. Conchological Illustrations. Murex , pis. 58-67. Sowerby, London
VOKES , E.H.

1970. The west American species of Muvex'ie'lZa (Gastropoda: Muricidae)
including two new species. Veliger 12 (3) : 325-329 , pi. 50

BOOK REVIEW

SEASHELLS OF BRAZIL
By E.C. Rios. 1985

Published by Museu Oceanographico , Rio Grande, Brazil
328 pages, including index, 102 black and white plates, 1421 species
of marine mollusks treated.

Price: $27.50

The long coastline of Brazil includes the southern limits of the tropical
Caribbean faunal province, as well as the northern limits of the subtropical
Argentinian faunal province. The need for compilation of this fauna has been met
since 1970 by E.C. Rios of the Rio Grande Oceanographic Museum, Rio Grande, Brazil.

Although the title implies that this is a new book, SEASHELLS OF BRAZIL is the
third edition of a work that first appeared in 1970 under the title COASTAL
BRAZILIAN SEASHELLS, followed by BRAZILIAN MARINE MOLLUSKS ICONOGRAPHY in 1975.

The new edition is a major improvement over the previous edition, including a sub-
stantial increase in the number of species treated, which now number 1421, compared
to 1328. For each species, the previous edition gave the range in the western
Atlantic, records in Brazil, habitat, and dimensions. The text in the new edition

has been amplified to include a brief description of each species, as well as a

diagnosis of the genera and subgenera, and citation of the type species (but not
where it occurs). Synonyms are listed, although the format precludes detailed dis-
cussion or justification. In general, the format of the text is similar to that of
the second edition of AMERICAN SEASHELLS by R. Tucker Abbott.

The bibliography is extensive but includes mostly the work of recent authors;
it does not lead the user to the original descriptions of all the species treated
in the book.

A faunal analysis based on the distributional limits given in the book would

be useful for a future edition or a separate publication.

SEASHELLS OF BRAZIL is indispensible to a study of western Atlantic mollusks.

James H. McLean

CLUB NEWS

THE ANNUAL CHRISTMAS PARTY

The Club’s annual Christmas party, held at the Mariners' Club on December 6 was
a joyful success. Club members and guests, in their holiday finery, filled the fes-
tive room. June King provided the lovely poinsettia in shell centerpieces for the
tables and members’ gaily wrapped exchange gifts were near the tree awaiting the
gift exchange. Jules Hertz, the Master of Ceremonies, led off the evening with humor
and gave background on the Club which this year celebrated its 25th anniversary.
Officers for 1986 were thanked both by Jules and outgoing president Richard Herrmann,
and the 1987 board was installed.

After dinner Dave Mulliner and Richard Herrmann presented a slide show enjoyed
by all which highlighted activities of the Club and its members during 1986.

Following the raffle ( a 1987 San Diego Tide Calendar) which was won by Barbara
Farmer, the members enjoyed the Club's traditional gift exchange.

It was a beautiful evening, warm with friendship and the spirit of the season.

ISSN: 0738-9388

Ql

Hot

FAS'

Hell,

» v,.ame: XIX

THE FESTI VUS

A publication of the San Diego Shell Club

February 12, 1987

Number: 2

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor

Photographer

Wesley Farmer
Bill Romer
Ginny Herrmann
Barbara Farmer
Margaret Mulliner

Carole M. Hertz
David K. Mulliner

MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego
Shell Club. Single member: $10.00;
Family membership: $12.00;

Overseas (surface mail): $12.00.

Address all correspondence to the
San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883
Mt. Blackburn Ave. , San Diego, CA 92111
Single copies of this issue: $5.00.
Postage is additional.

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M.
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
R. Tucker Abbott

American Malacologists 3 In<x.~r

Eugene Coan

Besearch Associate

California Academy of ScilenQjksffffpf

Anthony D'Attilio

San Diego Natural History Museum

William K. Emerson

American Museum of Natural History

James H. McLean

Los Angeles County Museum

of Natural History

Hiy

Barry Roth

fesearch Associate

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily Vokes
Tulane University

The Festivus is published monthly except
December. The publication date appears
on the masthead above.

PROGRAM

EARTHQUAKE'S EFFECT ON MEXICAN COASTLINE AND MARINE LIFE

Terrie Klinger, biologist at Scripps Institution of Oceanography will give an illus-
trated talk on the actual uplifting of the ground after the September 19, 1986 earth-
quake in Mexico, revealing a 150 mile long strand of intertidal mollusks, algae and
barnacles, many killed by the quake. She will discuss the impact on the mollusks and
other organisms forced to compete in a new environment. Ms. Klinger and geologist
Paul Bodin, also of Scripps, published their rare discovery in Science magazine.

Meeting date: February 19, 1987

CONTENTS

The synonymy of Epitonium (Gyroscala) lamellosum (Lamarck, 1822)

DUSHANE, HELEN 10

Concerning Otala lactea (Muller, 1774)

ABBOTT, R. TUCKER 12

Remarks on Rwartia (Murexiella) perita (Hinds, 1844) (Muricidae)

D'ATTILIO, ANTHONY 13

Club news 16

Page 10

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(2) : 1987

THE SYNONYMY OF EPITONIUM (GYROSCALA) LAMELLQSUM (LAMARCK, 1822)

BY

HELEN DUSHANE *

15012 El Soneto Drive, Whittier, California 90605

When Lamarck named Sealaria lamellosa in 1822,

(Figure 1) type locality unknown, little did he think
that subsequently it would be found to be world-wide
in distribution and would be renamed many times. For
well over 160 years authors have overlooked this
Lamarckian species. The many synonymic names may be
attributed to the following.

1) There was a lack of communication among
early naturalists.

2) Papers were often published in obscure
journals not readily available to the general reader.

3) Because type localities were widely
separated geographically, it was thought specimens
must represent different species.

4) More recent authors failed to refer to the
monographs on the family Epitoniidae by Sowerby (1844),

Nyst (1871), Clench and Turner (1950-1953), DuShane
(1974, 1979) to compare their supposed new species
with others.

Only primary synonymy is being presented here.

Since some of the type material is lost or unavailable
having been placed in private collections, the syno-
nyms are based on shell characters shown in figured
specimens .

EPITONIUM (GYROSCALA) LAMELLQSUM (LAMARCK, 1822)

Sealaria lamellosa Lamarck, 1822. Hist, natur. des
anim. sans verteb. 6(2):227
Turbo elathrus Linnaeus, 1758, Ed. 10:765 (no locality given).

Is Epitonium elathrus Linnaeus, 1758 without a basal keel, fide (Clench and
Turner, 1951:283).

Turbo lamellosa Brocchi, 1814:379, pi. 7, fig. 2 (Tertiary, Italy). Is not a

homonym or a synonym of S. lamellosa Lamarck, although sometimes cited as both.
Each is in a different genus at this time (fide Clench and Turner, 1951:281).
Turbo pseudo scalar is Brocchi, 1814:379, pi. 7, fig. 1 (Tertiary, Italy).

Sealaria pseudo soalaris 'Risso' Philippi, 1836:167, pi. 10, fig. 2 ( non T.

pseudosoalaris Brocchi, 1814). (Tertiary, Italy).

Sealaria monooyala 'Lamarck' Kiener, 1839:19, pi. 3, fig. 9 (no locality given).
Sealaria fimbriosa Wood, 1842, ser. 3, vol. 9:536 nom. nud.

Sealaria eontabulata Deshayes, 1861 (1856-1865), vol. 2:334, pi. 11, figs. 11, 12
(fossil, France).

Sealaria perplexa Deshayes, 1863. Catalogue des mollusques. . .Reunion. Note: Deshayes
either saw a MS name or had a specimen sent to him by Pease from which he
recorded the species from Reunion Island. This is not a Deshayes species.
Sealaria eonsors Crosse and Fischer, 1864. vol. 4:347; vol. 5, pi. 3, figs. 11, 12
(South Australia) .

Sealaria perplexa Pease, 1867. vol. 3:288 (Hawaii).

*Research Associate, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles,
California 90007

Figure 1. Epitonium (Gyroseala)
lamellosa (Lamarck, 1822)
Collected Oct. 1968, live-
taken intertidally . Collector
unknown. Size: 18 xlO mm
DuShane collection

Vol. XIX(2): 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 11

Scaiavia Candida Monterosato , 1877. vol. 9:240 (Algiers).

Scaiavia commutata Monterosato, 1877. vol. 9:240 [unnecessary name change for
Epitonium (Gyvoscala) lamello sum (Lamarck, 1822)],.

Epitonium basicum Dali, 1917:485 (Gulf of California, Mexico).

Epitonium zephyvium Dali, 1917:485 (San Diego, California).

Epitonium "pyvamis" Dali, 1917 (MS name only).

Scala pevplicata Iredale, 1929:344 (Australia).

Scaiavia albocostata Turton, 1932:80-84 (South Africa).

Scaiavia veitensis Turton, 1932:80-84 (South Africa).

Scaiavia vufanensis Turton, 1932:80-84 (South Africa).

Scala (Pomiscala) veevesbyi Cotton, 1939:172, pi. vii, fig. 1 (Australia).

Epitonium (Gyvoscala) tovquatum (Fenaux, 1943):pl.l, fig. 1 (South Pacific). Note:
not seen by me.

Epitonium pyvamis Tinker, 1952:38, 2 figs.; revised ed. 1958:38, 2 figs. (Hawaii).
Epitonium hachijoensis Taki, 1957:178, pi. 34, figs. 4-6; pi. 37, fig. 13; pi. 38,
fig. 2 (Japan).

Description :

Shell length 13-31 mm, width 6-10 mm; costae 8-12, white, continuous from
whorl to whorl, rarely double; whorls 9-11, without sculpture, well rounded, brown,
two protoconch whorls usually eroded; suture moderately deep; basal ridge well
developed, white; aperture subcircular; outer lip thickened, somewhat reflected;
operculum dark brown, thin, paucispiral.

Note: Epitonium covonatum (Lamarck, 1816) is not a synonym of E. (G . ) lamellosum
(Lamarck, 1822) although many authors have so regarded it. E. covonatum has a brown
line separated from the suture by a gap, often with some dots or smudges of brown on
the costae. E. covonatum is not nearly so widespread in distribution nor as common
as E. (G.) lamellosum.

Literature Cited

BROCCHI , G.

1814. Conchologia fossils. . .Appennini. Milano. 712 pp . , 16 pis.

CLENCH, W.J. and R. TURNER

1950-1953. Epitoniidae. Johnsonia 2, nos. 29, 30, 31, 32.

COTTON, B.C.

1939. The Sir Joshua Banks Islands. 4 Mollusca Part 2. Proc. Roy. Soc.

Victoria N.S. 51 (1) : 159-176 , pi. vii.

CROSSE, H. and P. FISCHER

1864. Diagnoses moiluscorum Australiae meridionalis . Jour, de Conch. 12:346-350.
DALL, W.H.

1917. Notes on the shells of the genus Epitonium and its allies of the Pacific
coasts of America. Proc. USNM 2217 (53) : 471-488 .

DESHAYES, G.
1861.
1863.
DUSHANE, H.
1974.

1979.

FENAUX, A.

1943.

IREDALE, T.
1929.

KIENER, L.C.
1839.

P.

(1856-1865). Description des animaux sans vert.... Paris. 3 vols.
Catalog, des mollusques . . . . Reunion. 149 pp., pis.

The Panamic-Galapagan Epitoniidae. Veliger (Suppl. 16):79-84, 154
photos, 1 map, 5 figs.

The family Epitoniidae in the northeastern Pacific. Veliger 22(2) :91-
134, 6 pis., 3 text figs.

Descriptions de Scalidae nouveaux. Observations sur la classification de
cette famille. Bull. Inst. Oceanog. Monaco. No. 834:1-4, text figs.

Strange Mollusca in Sydney Harbour. Austral. Zool. Sydney V. 5:337-
352, pis. 37-38.

Species general et iconographie . . . vol . 10:1-22, pis. 1-7.

Page 12

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(2): 1987

LAMARCK, J.P.B.A. DE M DE

1815-1822. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres 6(2):227.

1816. Encycl. Method. 3.

LINNAEUS, C.

1758. Systema naturae ... Ed . 10, vol. 1, 824 pp.

MONTEROSATO, T . A.

1877. Ann. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Genova 9.

NYST, P.H.J.

1871. Genre Sealaria - catalogue alphabetique des especes Recent et fossils
avec descriptions de 8 especes nouvelles. Ann. Soc. Malac. Belg. 6:10-
147, pi. 5.

PEASE, W.H.

1867. Descriptions of sixty-five new species of marine Gasteropoda inhabiting
Polynesia. Amer . Jour. Conch. 3:271-297, figs.

PHILIPPI, R. A.

1836. Enumeratic Moll. Siciliae 1.

SOWERBY, G.B. II

[1842] 1847-1848. Thesaurus Conchyl .... 1 (4) : 83-146 , pis. 32-40. Sealaria.
TAKI, I.

1957. Anatomical study on Japanese Epitoniidae. Gyroseala & Aeutiseala .
Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. (Tokyo) 40(3) :178.

TINKER, S.W.

1952. Pacific sea shells. Charles Tuttle Co. Vermont and Tokyo. 240 pp . ,
many figs, (revised ed. 1958, 240 pp . , many figs.).

TURTON, W.H.

1932. The marine shells of Port Alfred S. Africa. Oxford Univ. Press. 331 pp.,
72 pis. (A second issue appeared Feb. 1933, with errata and new names
for those preoccupied).

WOOD, S.V.

1842. Catalogue of shells from the Crag. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, vol. 9:536.

CONCERNING OTALA LACTEA (MULLER, 177A)*

BY

R. TUCKER ABBOTT

American Malacologists , Inc., P.0. Box 2255, Melbourne, Florida 32902-2255

*From a letter from Dr. Abbott and published with his permission. See Festivus
(17(11) :119-120 and 18 (6) : 80-81) .

"i was interested in your Otala laetea story and am enclosing some "eastern"
references. So far as I know, Howard Hill was the first to report it in L.A. in
1941. It had been in a park there for sometime, maybe as early as the 1930s (Nautilus
55:31). Our second eastern record was in Georgia by Ravenel in 1874. Intense col-
lecting in San Diego reports Helix aspersa and Theba pisana there and in La Jolla
from about 1854 on. Stearns (1903), Josh Bally and Maxwell Smith (1907), Orcutt (1919)
(Naut. 33:62) and I in 1950 (Natural History) did not know about Otala in Calif. My
guess is that Hill’s is the first report, and that Otala got to California (or to
San Diego) just before or after World War II.

The best discussion of the problem ( Helix aspersa ) is by W.J. Reese, "Escaped
Escargots" (Naut. 68 (3) : 90-94) . . . . "

Vol . XIX(2 ) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 13

REMARKS ON FAVARTIA (MUREXIELLA) PERITA (HINDS, 1844) (MURICIDAE)

BY

ANTHONY D'ATTILIO

Department of Marine Invertebrates, San Diego Natural History Museum, Balboa Park,

P.0. Box 1390, San Diego, California, 19112

Murex veritus Hinds, 1844 is a subtidal species
occurring to depths of 100 meters from Magdalena Bay,

Baja California to the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico (Radwin
and D'Attilio, 1976). The probable holotype is on
deposit in the British Museum (N.H.) (reg. #1902 . 2 . 13 . 2)
and measures 24 mm L (Figure 1) . The type locality is
Magdalena Bay.

The figure iri the original publication was an engraved
drawing by G.B. Sowerby, Jr. [copied in Keen (1971)].

Sowerby refigured it in Reeve (1845) and in the Thesaurus
Conchyliorum (1879). Radwin and D'Attilio (1976, pi. 26,
fig. 8) illustrated a specimen from the Gulf of Tehuantepec.

These figures all show Sxvartia (Murexiella) perita with
curved or hooked spines at the shoulder and on the varical
flange. Reeve's pertinent remark stated, "This species may
be known by the curious hooked termination of the lacinae,"
that is, the spines on the varical flanges.

Two specimens collected at Cebaco Island, Montijo
Bay, Panama in 75-100 m by James Ernst were lent to me
for study by Donald R. Shasky. On one of these specimens
the shoulder spines extend at right angles from the
shoulder and are not bent or hooked posteriorly (Figures 2a-
c). The protoconch of this specimen is eroded (fig. 2c) and
the number of whorls cannot be determined.

Figures 2a-c. Favartia (Murexiella) perita (Hinds, 1844). 25 x20 mm.

Loc. : Cebaco Is., Montijo Bay, Panama, James Ernst collection, a) apertural view
b) dorsal view c) protoconch, much eroded

Figure 1. Murex peritus

Hinds, 1844, probable
holotype, BMNH reg. no.
1902.2.13.2, Photo
courtesy of E.H. Yokes

Page 14

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(2 ) : 1987

Figures 3a- d show the better known form of F. (M . ) perita with a complete
protoconch of 3k to 3k smooth convex whorls.

Figures 3a-d. F. (M . ) perita. SDNHM 91140, 16.2x8.0 mm, ex Skoglund collection.
Dredged 12. 5-16. 6 m, Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico, a) detail of receding side of
apertural varix showing formation of varical spines b) leading side of apertural
varix c) detail of area between 2nd and 3rd spine from shoulder d) protoconch of
3k to 3k convex whorls

Three specimens of F. (M . ) perita dredged in 31 m (17 fm. ) by Leroy Poorman

extend its distribution to the upper

Figures 4a-b. F. (M . ) perita. 24.6x17.4 mm, dredged in 31 m, San Carlos, Guaymas,
Sonora, Mexico, December 1965. Poorman collection, a) apertural view b) dorsal view

Vol . XIX(2): 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 15

Gulf of California. The specimens from Guaymas and those from Cebaco Island in-
dicate the distribution for F. (M . ) perita may include the entire Panamic Province.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The following friends and colleagues provided me with specimens and useful
information: Mrs. Carol Skoglund of Phoenix, Arizona; Dr. Donald R. Shasky of
Redlands, California; Mr. James Ernst of Panama and Mr. Leroy Poorman of
Westminster, California. Mr. David K. Mulliner photographed the Poorman specimen
and the photograph of the type was courtesy of Dr. Emily H. Vokes.

LITERATURE CITED

HINDS, R.B.

1844. The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur ... during the years 1836-
42. Smith, Elder & Co., London, vol. II, 72 pp., 21 pis.

KEEN, A.M.

1971. Sea shells of tropical west America. 2nd ed. Stanford Univ. Press,
Stanford, 1,064 pp., 22 pis., ca. 4,000 text figs.

PONDER, W.F.

1972. Notes on some Australian genera and species of the family Muricidae
(Neogastropoda). Jour. Malac. Soc. Aust. 2 (3) : 215-248 , pis. 20-23,

36 text figs.

RADWIN, G.E. AND A. D'ATTILIO

1976. Murex shells of the world, an illustrated guide to the Muricidae.
Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford. , 284 pp . , 32 pis.

REEVE, L . A.

1845-46. Conchologia Iconica, or illustrations of the shells of molluscous
animals. London, vol. 3 Murex, pis 1-36
SOWERBY, G.B. JR.

1879. Thesaurus Conchyliorum. London, vol. 4, pts. 33-34, pis. 380-402

IN MEMO R I AM
FAY HENRY WOLFSON

It is with regret that we report the death of Fay Wolf son on January 23, 1987
at the age of 71. Fay was a charter member of the San Diego Shell Club and worked
in the field of malacology for many years.

Formerly, as an Associate in the Marine Invertebrate Department of the San
Diego Natural History Museum, she spent much time working at the Museum's marine
station in the Gulf of California. Later she was associated with Scripps Institution
of Oceanography and more recently was a marine zoologist with Hubbs-Sea World Research
Institute. Some of her work was published in The Veliger and Limnology and
Oceanography .

Page 16

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(2) : 1987

CLUB NEWS

A SUPPLEMENT TO THE FESTIVUS VOLUME XVIII. TO BE PUBLISHED THIS MONTH

The Festivus is publishing a supplement for 1986 (volume 18) which will be
sent to all 1986 paid members.

Entitled MA Faunal Study of the Bivalves of San Felipe and Environs, Gulf of
California From the Gemmell Collection (1965 to 1976) and written by Joyce Gemmell,
Barbara W. Myers and Carole M. Hertz, the paper treats 172 species of bivalve mollusks
from the Gemmell Collection, twenty-three of which have not previously been reported
from the San Felipe area.

The Supplement of over 70 pages with more than 80 illustrations (photographs,
drawings and maps) includes background information on the area as well as an
annotated catalogue and bibliography.

The Supplement will be available to non-members and those not members in 1986
at a cost of $8.75 domestic and $9.25 overseas surface mail.

FROM THE MINUTES-SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB MEETING-15 JANUARY 1987

We were fortunate to have as our guest Sam Hinton, a storyteller of great
ability. He entertained us with a presentation which he called "Twenty-eight Years
of the Ocean World," which included many anecdotes of the early days of Scripps
Institution of Oceanography Aquarium and the people who put it all together. During
those 28 years, Sam produced a feature for the San Diego papers called "Ocean World,"
and we were privileged to examine the original drawings. An interesting aspect of
the informative talk was his explanation of the origin of some "marine-type" words
such as mussel which means "little jumping mouse." The evening would not have been
complete without a song and sure enough, Sam had his trusty guitar and we had a great
time singing with him. It was a truly delightful experience and we look forward to
having him back with us at a future time.

John Souder invited all to attend the 1987 Christmas party to be held at the
32nd Street Officers' Club on December 5, 1987.

Wes announced that a Botanical Foundation representative is needed to attend
the Society meetings. Next meeting is on March 12 at 7:30P.M. A host or hostess
is also needed to set out refreshments. The cookies for this meeting were provided
by Carole and Jules Hertz and Ginny Herrmann.

Shells are needed for the auction as well as a home to hold it in. Shells may
be brought to the meetings or given to a Board member.

DUES ARE NOW DUE.

The winner of the door prize was Lorraine Romer.

Barbara L. Farmer, Secretary

THE AUCTION/POTLUCK

The Club's biggest social event and fund raiser of the year will be held this
April and the Club needs a home in which to hold the affair and shells on which to
bid. It is the Auction which provides the means to support the Club's projects and

activities The Festivus, donations to scientific publications, participation in the

Science Fair, social events and so on.

Please be generous and donate quality shells with as complete collecting data
as possible. Bring them to a meeting or contact a Board member to arrange for pickup.

We also need a home!! If you would be willing to host the auction, please
contact president Wes Farmer at 448-8697.

THE FESTIVUS

A publication of the San Diego Shell Club

ISSN: 0738-9388

QL

HOI

Moll’

Volume: XIX

March 12, 1987

Number: 3

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor

Photographer

Wesley Farmer
Bill Romer
Ginny Herrmann
Barbara Farmer
Margaret Mulliner

Carole M. Hertz
David K. Mulliner

MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego
Shell Club. Single member: $10.00;
Family membership: $12.00;

Overseas (surface mail): $12.00.

Address all correspondence to the
San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883
Mt . Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111
Single copies of this issue: $5.00.
Postage is additional.

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M.
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
R. Tucker Abbott

American M alacologists } Inc.

Eugene Coan

Besearch Associate

California Academy of Sciences

Anthony D'Attilio

San Diego Natural History Museum

William K. Emerson

American Museum of Natural History

James H. McLean

Los Angeles County Museum

of Natural History

Barry Roth

Besearch Associate

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily Vokes
Tulane University

The Festivus is published monthly except
December. The publication date appears
on the masthead above.

PROGRAM

POLE TO POLE AND THE TROPICS TOO!

Ron McPeak, manager of marine biology at Kelco, will give an illustrated
program which will go from topside on a chunk of glacier in the Arctic Ocean to
the ship Eltamen in the Antarctic with a stop in the tropics at both coasts of
Costa Rica.

Meeting date: March 19, 1987

CONTENTS

Book review: A Guide to the Identification of THE LIVING CORALS

MCPEAK, RONALD H 18

An aberrant Mopalia (Polyplacophora : Mopaliidae)

HANS ELMAN, GEORGE A 19

A first report of the marine habitats and biota of the island of Grenada
(Southeastern Caribbean)

BERTSCH, HANS 21

Club news 27

Page 18

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(3) : 1987

BOOK REVIEW

A Guide to the Identification of THE LIVING CORALS
(Scleractinia of Southern California)

By John C. Bythell. 1986

San Diego Society of Natural History Occasional Paper No. 16
40+ pages, 12 plates, 6 text figures
Price: $5.00

Guides to help identify some of the more difficult groups of southern California
invertebrates have long been needed. This 40-page guide describes 17 species of stony
corals that occur off the coast of California from the intertidal to depths of 600 m.

The guide is compact and provides good information on the morphology and
structure of southern California stony corals as well as a glossary of terms used in
descriptions. Black and white photographs of cleaned specimens are excellent and
provide top and side views of each species. Photographs of living specimens of only
five of the 17 species are included in the guide. Presumably the author was unable
to obtain living material of deep water species. These photographs unfortunately are
of poor quality and do not enable the reader to readily differentiate the species.
Color photographs would have helped.

The guide provides a key to contemporary genera. A study of the glossary and
photos of cleaned specimens allows the reader to identify dead specimens by using
the key and species descriptions. The page layout, however, is confusing because it
is difficult to know when one species description ends and another begins.

One additional species could be added to the list of corals from southern
California. I discovered a population of Bathyoyathus oonsagensis Durham and Barnard,
1952, while diving in shallow water (3 m depth) off the SE end of Santa Catalina Island
during 1965. Specimens were collected, sent to Dr. Durham for identification and
entered in the invertebrate collection at the Catalina Island Marine Science Center.
This species was originally described from Consag Rock in the Gulf of California
and is a common subtidal species from the upper Gulf to Cedros Island along the
Pacific coast of Baja California.

Appendix A - "A Short Resume of the Phylum Cnidaria with Emphasis on the Sub-
Class Hexacorallia" lists classes and orders of Cnidaria with short descriptions.

The author erroneously mentions that there are no representatives of Orders Zoanthidea
(zoanthids) and Antipatharia (black corals) in California. Several species of
zoanthids are common and antipatharians have been collected from diveable depths
and very deep water.

Even though there are several errors in this guide and some photography could
be improved, I believe the guide will help the student of invertebrate zoology better
understand a poorly known group of invertebrates from southern California.

Ronald H. McPeak

Vol . XIX(3) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 19

AN ABERRANT MOPALIA (POLYPLACOPHORA: NOPAL 1 1 DAE)

BY

GEORGE A. HANSELMAN

5818 Tulane Street, San Diego, California 92122

Mopalia muscosa (Gould, 1846)
is a generally common chiton
along the northern Pacific
coast of North America. It
ranges from northern Baja
California northward and
westerly to about a third the
length of the Alaskan Chain.

Its habitat is usually on the
tops and sides (and less com-
monly the bottoms) of weed-
covered rocks, at tide levels
ranging from mid-lowtide to
mid-hightide , with seemingly no
preference for or objection to
either calm or rough waters.

Because of the rough sculpture
of its tegmentum and the
coarseness of its girdle arma-
ment it almost invariably
accumulates a heavy coating
of moss and dirt both on its
plates and interspersed among
its girdle setae — sometimes to
the point of complete disap-
pearance into its surrounding
environment. Like all chitons,
its normal complement of plates
is eight.

In cleaning an especially
dirty specimen collected some
years ago in southern Puget
Sound (Washington state), I
encountered several small hard
lumps apparently adhering tena-
ciously to the girdle. Inspec-
tion under a microscope revealed
a startling resemblance between
the tops of the lumps and the
shell of the chiton. And after

being dislodged for they were

actually growing in the girdle —
they proved to be of the highest
interest indeed: five tiny
single platelets, each a small
bodyless chiton! See Figures
1 and 2 .

Figure 1. Mopalia museosa (Gould, 1846). 48 x31 mm.
South Puget Sound, Washington. The dots show the
position of the platelets.

Figure 2. The five platelets found growing in the
girdle of Mopalia muscosa.

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Vol . XIX(3) : 1987

In each case the platelet consists of two distinct parts: (1) an upper portion
which projected from the surface of the girdle and which has a covering corres-
ponding to the tegmentum (outer surface) of the host chiton, and (2) a lower portion
which was completely embedded in the girdle and which, in color, composition and
sculpture corresponds to the insertion-plate portion of the articulamentum (inner
shell) of the host. The five platelets were firmly embedded in a line along the
left side of plates 7 and 8. Four of the platelets were approximately two-thirds
toward the outer edge of the girdle; the fifth was a bit closer to the girdle rim
(Figures 1 and 2). All seemed to find the girdle of their host a suitable habitat
for further growth, and indeed Platelets A,B and C show evidence of the formation of
additional insertion plates.

The nose plate of the host chiton shows a slight scar indicating a bump about
halfway through its growth. However no other sign of trauma appears, and the host's
insertion plates adjacent to the platelets show no evidence of damage or abnormality.

The host chiton, girdle included, measures 48 mm in length, 31 mm in width, and
9 mm in thickness. Its plates measure 42 x 21 x 7 mm. The platelets measure (in

mm) :

Platelet

A

B

Lengt n
Total

1.9

1.6

Tegmentum

1.1

1.1

Art iculamentum

0.8

0.5

Width

Tegmentum

0.88

0.91

Articulamentum

0.55

0.51

Platelet E is shown in detail in
Figure 3. Note that the outline of the
tegmentum portion is not clear; the plate-
lets are simply too small to attempt to
remove the coating of dirt and detritus so
typical of Mopalia nruscosa. However under
the microscope the actual surface of the
platelets does not differ from the surface
of the host itself.

A real puzzler!

My special thanks to Dave Mulliner
for translating my original color slides
into excellent black and white prints.

1.5

0.85

0.65

0.89

0.81

0.74

0.54

0.65

0.45

Figure 3. Platelet E

Vol . XIX (3) : 1987

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Page 21

A FIRST REPORT OF THE MARINE HABITATS AND BIOTA OF THE
ISLAND OF GRENADA (SOUTHEASTERN CARIBBEAN)

BY

HANS BERTSCH

National University, 9920 S. La Cienega Blvd., Inglewood, California 90301

The marine fauna and flora of the island of Grenada, in the far southeastern
Caribbean Sea, are virtually unknown. For example, a literature survey of over 60
Caribbean opisthobranch mollusk species revealed only one species that had been re-
ported from Grenada. Biological studies on Grenada have been primarily summaries of
the terrestrial biota. During August 1986, I conducted the first survey of the marine
life of this island.

In the preparatory months prior to the expedition I had become very excited
about conducting this research since it would present the opportunity of discovering
an unknown underwater community. Nearly every organism we saw would represent a
first record from the island. There were three major goals to this survey:

1) to document the various subtidal ecosystems 2) to identify some of the
prominent benthic and pelagic marine organisms and 3) as a consequence of these
findings, to present some suggestions regarding conservation of these precious marine
resources to the government of Grenada.

Finally, it was time to meet my team members and to begin our investigation.
Accompanying me was a research team of five certified scuba divers: Norris Ela,

Jeffrey and Maureen Weiss (all of Florida) and Roy and Pat Smith (from Washington).

We assembled from the three corners of the United States on our research vessel, the
Gloriamaris (a catamaran owned by Mr. Jeff Hamann and his family from El Ca'jon,
California), in the harbor at St. George's, Grenada.

After a day of acclimation, filling scuba tanks, checking and organizing dive
gear, enjoying the steel drum bands and costumed dancers of the Carnival parade, and
purchasing food, we left the harbor and began our underwater survey. The 85° water
temperature was a shock after my most recent U.S. dive in the 55° water of the La
Jolla canyon!

We spent a combined total of over 100 hours underwater, studying the distri-
bution and occurrence of subtidal ecosystems. A few specimens were collected for
laboratory identification back in the U.S. at the Los Angeles County Natural History
Museum. Subtidal data were recorded underwater with in-situ close-up photography and
by note taking on waterproof slates. Obviously these data are incomplete and merely
a preliminary contribution to our understanding of the richness of the Grenadian
marine environment. A future publication will analyze the opisthobranch fauna that
we found.

This report identifies the study sites, habitats and organisms we found on the
western and southwestern coasts of the island and is also intended to be a guide
for future investigators who may wish to concentrate their studies on specific
habitats or organisms.

I. HABITATS

Because of time, logistics, and weather conditions, we were limited as to the
locations we could sample. Underwater surveys were conducted at 13 sites along a 25
portion of the western and southwestern coasts of Grenada. See Map I.

The sites on the southwestern coast (numbers 1-5) were usually shallower than
those on the western coast (numbers 6-13). There is a long, shallow platform
extending offshore on the southwestern coast, whereas the western coast has deeper
water closer to shore (the 10 and 20 fathom isoclines are within easy swimming dis-
tance of most of. the west coast). The southwestern coast also has deeply indented
sandy bays. Erosional material contributes to the heavy silt in this region. Deep

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THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(3) : 1987

within the bays, currents are minimal, although on the southernmost points there
can be strong current and surge.

The following descriptions of the habitats include latitude and longitude for
each site (accuracy ±15") , and Los Angeles County Natural History Museum station
numbers for some sites. This list can serve as a scuba diving guide for investigators.

A. Southwestern Coast Underwater Habitats

1. Point of FortJeudy, western side (11°59 ' 45"N, 61°42’35"W). Several hundred meters away from the rocks of the
point is a sandy bottomed area, covered with Thalassisi (turtle grass beds). There were large patches of numerous
loose rubble rocks (rollable, most were about the size of two hands). Whitish (coral and shell pieces) sand covered
the finer black (volcanic erosion) sand that was underneath. It was surgy, with a strong longshore current. The
average depth is about 23 feet. (LACM Station //86-193)

2. Northwestern side of Caliveny Island (12°00'N; 61°43'30"W). This sandy bottomed region was covered with fine
silt. The sloping channel sides were covered with Thalassia , but at about 20 feet depth this gave way to the barren
sands. Marine life was impoverished, with some clams and worms (silt/sand burrowers).

3. Outer slope of coral reef, on shoal off south end of Hog Island (11°39'40MN; 61°44,10"W). Some live coral was
growing at the top (plonastraea^ Porites s and brain coral), with lots of broken, dead pieces of coral on the fore
slope. There was a heavy siltation covering the substrate (5-25 feet deep).

4. West side of Prickly Point (11°59 ’ 20"N; 61°45,35"W). The bottom consisted of small fist-sized rocks, covered
with close-cropped algal growth; the strong current may be constant. There are a few isolated coral heads and a few
sponges. Although primarily flat, a few slight rolling mounds of shallow bottom can be found on which are some coral
heads. The entire region is about 25 feet deep. (LACM Station #86-192)

5. East side of True Blue Point (11°59,45"N; 61°45 * 50"W) . Close to shore are rocks and a few coral heads; about
150 feet from shore begins the typical sandy bottom of the bay, with some Thalassia growth (15 feet deep).

B. Western Coast Underwater Habitats

6. Long Point (12°01 ' 35"N; 61°46f30"W). Sloping, silt covered bottom; the point is at the end of a long, sandy
beach (Grand Anse), so there is a lot of fine sediment covering everything. In the shallower areas (above 30 feet)
there is a small coral community on the exposed boulders. Ths slope drops below 50 feet deep.

7. Shoals west and southwest of harbor entrance of St. George’s (12°02 ' 10-30"N ; 61°46 ' 00-05"W) . These flat,
sandy regions lie in about 25 feet of water and have intermittent rock outcrops. The water clarity is usually great,
often with 60 to 80 feet visibility. The ecosystem consists of massive sponge formations (large vase, urn and up-
right tube formations) and very large gorgonian colonies. One Pseudo} ’terogovgia measured 9 feet in length! This
colony was not an exception. (LACM Station # 86-189)

8. Grand Mai Bay (12°04'20"N; 61°45 ' 10"W) . Just south of the deep water tanker channel there is a fairly well
developed coral reef. Typical mound shaped corals abound; there are some sandy channels between the rock substrate
ridges. A fair diversity of reef fishes can be seen along with scattered colonies of sponges and gorgonians. The
area is about 25 to 30 feet deep.

9. South of Moliniere Point (12°04’50MN; 61°45'35"W). This region has an excellent coral reef, with a fore reef

dropoff that sharply slopes from 25 to 80 feet deep. It has some of the best developed coral formations that we
saw on the island — large, massive growths, clear water, and a diversity of species. (LACM Station 7/86—188)

10. Beau Sejour (12°05'45MN; 61°45 ’ 20"W) . The shoreline ends with a sheer, vertical dropoff to 25 feet. On the

basalt cliff face are numerous sponge colonies. In front of the cliff, a gently sloping area of small rock boulders
or low ridges continues some distance offshore to the sandy region. (LACM Station 7/86—191)

11. Halifax Bay (12°06’50"N; 61°44 ' 45"W) . This bay is the mouth of two rivers, and during the rainy season there
is an incredibly large amount of silt and sediment washed into the bay. The sides of the embayment have some coral
formations (the center is a silt covered channel), with a fair amount of sponges and gorgonians. Farther north are
sandy regions covered with Halophila haillonis . Depths range from 10 to 80 feet. (LACM Stations #86-184, #86-185)

12. Black Bay Point (12°08'30"N; 61°45’W). The dark sand bottom extended out as a gentle slope away from the
river mouth. Barren, Thalassia covered, some sand burrowers; Isostichopus and Cassiopeia were the prominent inver-
tebrates. Depths to 45 feet. (LACM Station #86-186)

13. In front of basalt columns, north of Black Bay (12°08 ’ 31"N ; 61°45’W). The land panorama is spectacular, with

sharply etched black columns of basalt anchored between the blue water, the green forest, and white billowy clouds

in the blue sky. Underwater it is just as spectacular with a very well developed coral reef. The fore reef slopes

from 20 to 40 feet deep. There are numerous coral fishes, sponges, gorgonians and other reef dwellers. The sand flat
in front has sporadic gorgonians ( Pseudopterogorgia ) and large vase sponges. The area is incredibly beautiful and
relatively undisturbed. One of the most memorable underwater Grenadan scenes was here, when a school of several
thousand small chromis fish formed a living, flowing curtain between the sloping reef and our divers swimming in mid-
water. Boaters should exercise care to anchor over the sandy region, so as not to damage the coral growth. (LACM
Station #86-187)

II. BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATIONS

Seeing luxuriant, massive gorgonian growths, huge sponges (a loggerhead sponge
measuring over a meter in diameter) , and brilliantly colored schools of fish made
every dive a kaleidoscopic adventure.

There was the "all-American" crab (about 10 mm ) that I found nestled in

Vol . XIX(3) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 23

a coral crevice. It had a bright red cara-
pace, and a white cream margin in which were
bright blue dots. The flatworm Pseudooeros
pardalis (brown with large cream and yellow
dots mottling its dorsal surface) swims by
ruffling undulations along its thin, deli-
cately flexible margin. We disturbed Lima
scabra from its nest to encourage its swim-
ming. This bizarre bivalve has white or red
tentacles protruding all around the shell
edge and flaps its valves like castanets.

We learned quickly to avoid touching
the white fringed fire coral ( Millepora )
(Figure 1) or the pink flesh colored fire
worms (Figure 2). We were especially wary
when we found the granddaddy of all fire-
worms, a Eermodice carunaulata that
measured 30 cm long.

A night dive at Halifax Bay rewarded
us with the large (its base can be 4 cm in
diameter) solitary corallimorpharian anemone
Pseudooorynactis earibbeorum. The color
pattern is strikingly incredible — pale
opaque brownish, with white streaks or
patches on the oral disc; the tentacles are
colorless, tipped with a vivid orange-red
capitate end (den Hartog, 1980)

But the most exciting and intriguing
natural history observations were disco-
vering biological interrelationships between
various underwater organisms.

We found over 100 Cyphoma gibbosum on
Gorgonia and Pseudopterogorgia. The tissue
damage done by the feeding snail was readily
visible (a darker region that was "scooped
out"). Despite the commonness of C.
gibbosum^ we found only four specimens of
C. signatum.

Cleaning stations were frequent. Two
species of shrimp, Periclimenes pedersoni
and P. yucatanicus3 were found with two
anemones: the ringed anemone Bartholomea
annulata and the stinging anemone Lebrunia
danae. Sometimes the arrow crab
Stenorhynchus setioomis — gangly with brown
and gold lengthwise striping and blue tipped
chelipeds--was also present. Periolimenes
pedersoni has two pairs of long white anten-
nae. The body is a transparent clear
brownish color, with a central chalk white
lengthwise stripe ventrally and a white
stripe along each side of the back. The
chelipeds are white with small blue-purple

Figure 1. A small colony of the fire
coral Millepora alcicornis

Figure 2. The tube worm Sabellastarte
magnifica

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THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(3) : 1987

Map I. Map of Grenada, showing
locations of the 13 collecting
sites (numbers correspond to
list in text).

maculations; the thoracic legs are the same
transparent brownish as the body. By con-
trast, P. yucatanicus has a transparent
brownish body on which are darker brown
maculations. The eye stalks and bases of '
the antennae are transparent with minute
purple dots. The chelipeds and legs are
whitish with purple bands. Approach these
shrimp slowly, extending a slightly
vibrating finger. Then hold your finger
motionless alongside the shrimp and the
shrimp will jump onto the finger and pick
at it (cleaning it) with its chelipeds.

Small, white Balds intermedia
occurred ectoparasitically on the large see
cucumber Isostichopus badionotus like
miniature molluscan remoras !

Living on the surface of the grey
sponge Callyspongia vaginalis (Figure 3)
are hundreds of the yellow orange
Parazoanthus parasiticus (epizoic zoanthids
and usually several specimens of Ophiothrix
sp. brittle stars. Hendler (1984) has de-
monstrated that the relationship is mutual-
istic for Ophiothrix lineata and
Callyspongia vaginalis. Often one could se
the spiney arms of the brittle stars dang-
ling over the top of the rim of the sponge.
The anthropomorphic urge to say they are
hiding may convey biological insight: inside
the sponge the brittlestar is protected from
predation by diurnal fishes such as wrasses,
parrotfishes and porgies (Hendler, 1984)

Figure 3. The sponge Callyspongia
vaginalis with the epizoics Ophiothrix
sp. and Parazoanthus parasiticus

Vol . XIX(3) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 25

III. SPECIES LISTS

Most identifications were accomplished using the following references:

Kaplan (1982), Voss (1976), Colin (1978), Abbott (1974), Warmke & Abbott (1961),
Randall (1968), and Bohlke & Chaplin (1968). The lack of adequate research space
and equipment on Grenada hampered the field work; the majority of the mollusks were
identified at the Los Angeles County Natural History Museum.

PORIFERA

ttaliclona rubens (Pallas)

Aphjsina fistularis (Pallas)

Aplysina laeunosa (Lamarck)

Callyspongia vaginalis (Lamarck)

Ircinia campana (Lamarck)

Niphates digitalis (Lamarck)

Cliona delitrix Pang
Agelas schmidti Wilson
Xestospongia muta (Schmidt)

Tedania ignis (Duchassaing &Michelotti)
Spheciospongia vesparia (Lamarck)

CNIDARIA

Halocordyle disticha (Goldfuss)

Millepora alcicomis (Linnaeus)

Millepora aomplanata Lamarck
Stylaster roseus (Pallas)

Cassiopeia xamaahana (Bigelow)

Bartholomea annulata (Lesueur)

Calliaatis tricolor (Lesueur)

Condylactis gigantea (Weinland)

Lebrunia danae (Duchassaing & Michelotti)

Lebrunia coralligens (Wilson)

Pseudocorynactis caribbeorum Den Hartog
Stoichactis helianthus (Ellis)

Ricordia florida (Duchassaing & Michelotti)
Parazoanthus parasiticus (Duchassaing & Michelotti)
Parazoanthus swiftii (Duchassaing & Michelotti)
Palythoa spp.

Zoanthus spp .

Arachnanthus noctumus
Agaricia agaricites (Linnaeus)

Agarici-a lamarcki Milne-Edwards 6. Haime
pichocoenia stokasii Milne-Edwards & Haime
Diploria strigosa (Dana)

Eusimilia fastigiata (Pallas)

Monastrea annularis (Ellis & Solander)

Mussa angulosa (Pallas)

Porites furcata Lamarck
'orites porites (Pallas)

P-ruireum asbc.stinum (Pallas)
ivgonia spp.

exaura flexuosa Lamouroux
: ' exaurclla spp.

Pscudopterogorgia acr.rosa Pallas
es.eudopterogorgia americana (Gmelin)

Tclcato spp.

PLATYHELMINTHES

Pseudoceros pardalis Hyman
ANNELIDA

Spirobranchus giganteus (Pallas)

Sabellastarte magnifica (Shaw)

Loimia medusa (Savigny)

Hermodice carunculata (Pallas)

SIPUNCULA

Phascolosoma cf. antillarum Grube & Oersted
MOLLUSCA

Diodora dysoni (Reeve)

Diodora minuta (Lamarck)

Calliostoma javanicum (Gmelin)

Astraea aaelata (Gmelin)

Rissoina sp.

Balds intermedia (Cantraine)

Strombus gigas Linnaeus
Strombus pugilis Linnaeus
Trivia pedicula (Linnaeus)

Trivia suffusa (Gray)

Cyi raea cinerea Gmelin
Cypraea zebra Linnaeus
Simnia acicularis (Lamarck)

Cyphoma gibbosum (Linnaeus)

Cyphoma signatum Pilsbry & McGinty
Natioa canrena (Linnaeus)

Cassis madagascariensis Lamarck

Cymatium moritinctum caribbaeum Clench 4 Turner

Charonia variegata (Lamarck) Cin midden mound)

Tonna maculosa (Dillwyn)

Murex pomum Gmelin
Coralliophila abbreviate (Lamarck)

Coralliophila caribaca Abbott
Mitrella nitens (C.B. Adams)

Nasnarius albus (Say)

Leucozonia nassa (Gmelin)

Latirus angulatus (Roding)

Latirus infundibulua (Gmelin) ( female with eggs)

Vexillum hendersoni (Dali)

Vasum capitellum (Linnaeus)

Voluta musica Linnaeus
Persicula pulcherrima (Gaskoin)

Conus ermineus Born (female with eggs)

Conus regius Gmelin
Acanthochitona spiculosa (Reeve)

Ischnochiton sp.

Chlamys benedicti (Verrill & Bush)

Lima scabra (Born)

Laeviaardium laevigatum (Linnaeus)

Chione paphia (Linnaeus)

ARTHROPODA

Hippolysmata grabhami (Gordon)

Panulirus argus (Latreille) (rare)

Periclimenes pedersoni Chace (associated with Bartholomea
annulata and Lebrunia danae)

Periclimenes yucatanicus (Ives) (associated with Bartholomea
annulata and Lebrunia danae)

Scyllarides nodifer (Stimpson) (rare)

Stenopus hispidus (Olivier)

Stenorhynchus seticornis (Herbst)

ECHINODERMATA

Ofihiothrix suensonii Lutken
Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck)

Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamarck)

Lcodia sexiesperforata (Leske)

Mcoma ventricosa (Lamarck)

Diadema antillarum (Philippi)

Lytechinus variegatus (Leske)

Lytechinus williamsi Chesher
Holothuria mexicana Ludwig
Holothuria surinamensis Ludwig
Isostichopus badionotus (Selenka)

Nemaster rubiginosa (Pourtales)

Nemaoter discoidea (Carpenter)

TUNICATA

Di.stalpia sp.

VERTEBRATA, OSTEICHTHYES

Synodus saurus (Linnaeus)

Aulostomus maculatus Valenciennes

Myri pvistis Jacobus Cuvier & Valenciennes

Ocyurus chryaurus (Bloch)

Equctus lanccolatus (Linnaeus)

Bothus lunatus (Linnaeus)

Chaetodon capistratus Linnaeus
Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus
Holocanthus tricolor (Bloch)

Pomacanthus paru (Bloch)

Eupomacentrus planifrons (Cuvier & Valenciennes)
Eupomacentrus leucosticus (Muller 4 Troschel)

Abudefduf saxatilis (Linnaeus)

Chromis cyanea (Poey)

Chromis multilineatus (Guichenot)

Thalassoma bifasciatum (Bloch)

Clepticus parrai (Bloch & Schneider)

Gobiosoma evelynae Bohlke & Robins

PLANTAE
Algae :

Halimeda spp.

Acetabularia crenulata Lamouroux
Udotea flabellum (Ellis & Solander)

Argainvillea nigricans Decaisne
Caulerpa sertularioides (Gmelin)

Valonia ventricosa Agardh

Flowering plants:

Thalassia testudinum Koenig & Sims
Halophila baillonis Ascherson

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THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(3) : 1987

IV. SUMMARY

Zoogeographically the marine environment of Grenada is typically Caribbean (as
expected). However, the lack of published information regarding this island's marine
biota made the discovery of even the most common Caribbean organisms significant new
information that can be added to our knowledge of the region. In this report I have
documented more than 125 species of marine organisms that are now known to occur on
Grenada.

This preliminary report has merely hinted at the wealth and beauty of the
Grenada marine environment. Conservation of this valuable resource must be actively
pursued by the government and people of, and visitors to, Grenada.

It is well known that the oceanic realm is fragile and susceptible to severe
depredation by human activities. Grenada is no exception. Despite the abundance of
life in many areas, we saw obvious signs of pollution (organic and inorganic), sewage,
oil spillage, and over-exploited resources. Most noticeable was the rareness of the
conch ( Strombus ) and lobsters (both spiney and slipper, Panulivus and Soyllavides) .
Studies should begin immediately on the feasibility of farming these organisms;
aquaculture techniques should replace the current "hunter-gatherer" methods.

I hope that the pristine marine habitats and diverse biota of Grenada are pre-
served so that future investigators and underwater explorers will be able to study and
enjoy these beautiful regions, and that the people of Grenada will have a marine
resource in future generations.

V. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am especially grateful for the assistance and cheerful disposition of my re-
search team under often confining and trying conditions, and warmly thank Norris T.

Ela Jr., Jeffrey and Maureen Weiss, and Roy and Pat Smith. Funding assistance was
partially provided through Foundation for Field Research. I also thank the Captain
of the Gloriamaris , Mr. Lloyd Wright; Mr. Michael Jessamy of the Grenada Museum; and
Dr. James H. McLean, Mr. Gale Sphon, Mr. Clifton C. Coney and Dr. Gordon Hendler of
the Los Angeles County Natural History Museum.

LITERATURE CITED

ABBOTT, R. TUCKER

1974. American Seashells, second ed . , N.Y., Van Nostrand Reinhold, 663 pp.
BOHLKE , JAMES E., and CHARLES C.G. CHAPLIN

1968. Fishes of the Bahamas and adjacent tropical waters. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phila . XXX +771 pp.

DEN HARTOG, J.C.

1980. Caribbean shallow water Corallimorpharia . Zoologische Ver. Leiden no.
176:1-83
HENDLER, GORDON

1984. The association of Ophiothrix lineata and Callyspongia vaginalis : a

brittlestar-sponge cleaning symbiosis? P.S.Z.N.I.: Marine Ecol. 5(l):9-27
KAPLAN, EUGENE H.

1982. A field guide to coral reefs of the Caribbean and Florida. Boston,
Houghton Mifflin Co. 289 pp.

RANDALL, JOHN E.

1968. Caribbean reef fishes. Jersey City, N.J., T.F.H. Publ. Inc. 318 pp .

VOSS, GILBERT H.

1976. Seashore life of Florida and the Caribbean. Miami, Banyan Books, 119 pp .
WARMKE , GERMAINE L. and R. TUCKER ABBOTT

1971. Caribbean seashells. A guide to the marine mollusks of Puerto Rico
and other West Indian islands, Bermuda and the lower Florida Keys.,

N.Y., Dover Publ. 348 pp.

Vol . XIX(3) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 27

CLUB NEWS

FROM THE MINUTES - SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB MEETING - FEBRUARY 19, 1987

Because of a family emergency, our scheduled speaker was unable to present
her program and it has been rescheduled for May. But the 40 members and guests
present had a great time with an impromptu session. President Wes Farmer encouraged
those present to share special memories and some very interesting vignettes were re-
lated by various members. Twila Bratcher told us of her early experiences with
identification of Terebva and her new book, LIVING TEREBRAS OF THE WORLD was
introduced. Some of the others who entertained us with interesting and amusing
experiences were Bill Romer, Peggy and Bill Dirkson, Doris and George Brosius, Ron
McPeak, Jules Hertz, Billee Dilworth Brown and Roland Taylor. It was a lot of fun

and we all felt that we knew one another a little bit better.

Mary and Ron McPeak have graciously offered their home for our annual Auction/
Potluck on April 25. Shells are needed!! Please bring your donations to the meeting
or arrange to get them to a board member. Board members will be happy to arrange for
pickup if necessary.

Suzanne Mathews volunteered to be our hostess. Please assist her by signing

up for cookies, etc. A volunteer is still needed to represent the Club at the

San Diego Botanical Garden Foundation meetings. This is mandatory for our rental
arrangements .

We are looking forward to hosting a wine and cheese reception on Sunday evening
June 21 at the WSM annual meeting.

Nola Michel reported that the books have been audited by George Hanselman.

Barbara L Farmer

FOR YOUR INFORMATION

The Western Society of Malacologists (WSM) will hold its annual meeting from
June 21-25 on the campus of San Diego State University. In addition to three
symposia and contributed papers, there will be evening social events including a wine
and cheese reception (hosted by the San Diego Shell Club), auction, banquet and
field trips. For further information contact Carole M. Hertz c/o San Diego Natural
History Museum, P.0. Box 1390, San Diego, CA 92112 (619-277-6359 home).

The Conchologists of America (COA) will hold its convention from June 23-27
at the Doys Inn at the Arch in downtown St. Louis, Missouri. The convention, hosted
by the Greater St. Louis Shell Club will include informative programs, dealers'
bourse, auction door prizes and social events. For further information contact Alan
Gettleman, 4045 Central Lane, Granite City, IL 62040 (618-931-7374 weekends).

The Jacksonville Shell Show will be held from July 30-August 2 at the Flag
Pavilion, Jacksonville Beach, Florida. Contact Allan Walker, 1036 Mantes Ave. ,
Jacksonville, FL 32205 (904-781-1553) for further information.

The American Malacological Union (AMU) annual meeting will be held from July 19
23 at the Marriott's Casa Marina Resort in Key West, Florida. In addition to two
symposia, contributed papers and posters, scheduled events include field trips,
auction and banquet. For further information contact William G. Lyons, Florida Dep ' t
Natural Resources, 100 Eighth Ave. S.E., St Petersburg, FL 33701 (813-896-8626).

NOTICE OF NEW PUBLICATIONS

A new journal MALACOLOGY DATA NET (ECOSEARCH SERIES) is announced. Editor
Arthur H. Clarke states that the bimonthly publication, at $14.50 per year including
postage, will be "devoted to the prompt disemmination of scholarly, innovative and
timely information in conchology and malacology" covering marine, freshwater and land
mollusks. A sample copy will be available at the March meeting. For subscription
send to Ecosearch Inc., 325 E. Bayview, Portland, Texas 78374.

Page 28

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(3): 1987

The 72 page illustrated Supplement to volume 18 of The Festivus has been
released and made available to all paid 1986 members. Entitled, "A Faunal Study of
the Bivalves of San Felipe and Environs, Gulf of California from the Gemmell Collection
(1965 to 1976)" and written by Joyce Gemmell, Barbara W. Myers and Carole M. Hertz, the
work treats 172 species of bivalves, twenty-three of which have not previously been
reported from the San Felipe area. It is available postpaid from The Festivus,
publication of the San Diego Shell Club, 3883 Mt . Blackburn Ave. , San Diego, CA 92111,
U.S.A. at $8.75 domestic and $9.25 overseas surface.

A complimentary copy of the CHAMBERED NAUTILUS NEWSLETTER #47 was received
and will be available at the March meeting. The Newsletter "was developed in 1974
to foster collaboration between shell collectors, scientists, and anyone else in-
terested in Nautilus, and to serve as a clearing house." A $5.00 voluntary donation
is requested to cover mailing costs. For further information write the editors at
Dept. Geology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr , PA 19010.

COME TO THE AUCTION/POTLUCK

The Club's annual Auction and Potluck will be held at the home of Mary and
Ron McPeak (map will be in April issue) on Saturday evening April 25, 1987 with the
festivities beginning at 6 P.M. This is the Club's most exciting social event (and
only fundraiser). The auction proceeds provide the major portion of the Club's
operating funds. Club purchases for the library, donations to scientific publications,
participation in the Greater San Diego Science Fair and The Festivus budget depend on
the success of the auction. And the success of the auction depends on the generosity
of Club members both in their donations to and purchases at the auction.

Please be generous and donate quality specimens with as much collecting data
as possible. Bring your donations to the March meeting or arrange for pickup by a
board member. Please donate early. The auction committee needs time to prepare the
auction list and bag and label the shells.

A signup sheet for the potluck portion of the event will be passed at the
March meeting and there will be a followup by the phone committee.

SCHOLARSHIP AWARDS ANNOUNCED

The Santa Barbara Shell Club has chosen two winners of its Sara T. Delaney
Scholarship. Victoria Fal>ry, a doctoral student at the University of California at
Santa Barbara will receive $1,000. which she will use to complete her research project,
"The contribution of pteropod molluscs in the calcium carbonate cycle of the oceans."
The second award recipient, doctoral student Carolyn Declerk of the University of
California at Davis, will recieve $400. toward her research on "Morphological and
genetic divergences in introduced populations of the Atlantic oyster drill,

Urosalpinx oinevea."

DUES ARE OVERDUE

If you have not paid your dues, this is your last issue of The Festivus.

Dues for 1987 were payable in January. To be listed on the membership roster
in the April issue of The Festivus, dues must be recieved by the end of March.

ISSN: 0738-9388

/

W

d//.

THE FESTIVUS

A publication of the San Diego Shell Club

Volume: XIX

April 9, 1987

Number: 4

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor

Photographer

Wesley Farmer
Bill Romer
Ginny Herrmann
Barbara Farmer
Margaret Mulliner

Carole M. Hertz
David K. Mulliner

MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego
Shell Club. Single member: $10.00;
Family membership: $12.00;

Overseas (surface mail): $12.00.

Address all correspondence to the
San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883
Mt. Blackburn Ave . , San Diego, CA 92111
Single copies of this issue: $5.00.
Postage is additional.

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M.
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
R. Tucker Abbott

American Malacologists 3 Inc.

Eugene Coan

Besearch Associate

California Academy of Sciences

Anthony D'Attilio

San Diego Natural History Museum

William K. Emerson

American Museum of Natural History

James H. McLean

Los Angeles County Museum

of Natural History

Barry Roth

Fesearch Associate

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily Vokes
Tulane University

The Festivus is published monthly except
December. The publication date appears
on the masthead above.

COME TO THE AUCTION/POTLUCK - APRIL 25, 1986
See Page 37 and map on last page.
(There is no regular meeting this month.)

CONTENTS

Cantharus fragarius (Wood, 1828) at Cocos Island

SHASKY, DONALD R 30

Typhisopsis coronatus and dwarf Typhisala grandis at Costa Rica

D’ATTILIO, ANTHONY 32

Common shell names

STOHLER, RUDOLF 36

Club news 31, 37

Membership roster and map for detaching

Page 30

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(4) : 1967

CANTHARUS FRAGAR I US (WOOD, 1828) AT COCOS ISLAND

BY

DONALD R. SHASKY

834 W. Highland Avenue, Redlands, California 92373

On April 23, 1986, a single, perfect live
specimen of Cantharus fragarius (Wood, 1828) was
taken by Dr. Michel Montoya from under a dead
coral slab in 17 meters at Roca Sucia, Cocos
Islands, Costa Rica (Figure 1). This 26.5x13. 7 mm
specimen has a pink protoconch and aperture with
dark brown, orange and cream colored bands.

The specific name fragaria was introduced
by Wood as l bluta fragaria on page 11 of the
Supplement to the Index Testaceologicus and
illustrated on plate 3, figure 2. It is found
again on page 31 as Buceinum fragaria {Valuta) .

Curiously, the Voluta section for the plates is
on page 59 and the species is not mentioned there.

It appears that Wiener' s species Turbinella
oarolinae proposed in 1841 without locality
information is a synonym of Carttharus fragarius
as is Reeve's Ricinula Bella described in 1846
from specimens collected by Hugh Cuming at Capul
Island, Philippines at low tide.

In addition to Buceinum 3 Valuta 3 Turbinella
and FLcinula3 this species has been assigned to
Cantharus (Salisbury, 1983); Clivipollia (Wolfe,

1976; Higa, 1977; and Kay, 1979); Peristernia
(H. & A. Adams, 1853); and Pollia (Abbott & Dance,

1982). It also appears close to Engina Gray, 1839
based on shell characters. Awaiting radular
and/or anatomical studies, I have placed the
species provisionally in Cantharus.

Cantharus fragarius has been reported
from the Maldives, Mauritius, the Philippines,

Phoenix and Boston Islands, and Hawaii. This
is the first time it has been found in the eastern
Pacific .

My appreciation to David K. Mulliner for transferring my color slide into a
black and white print.

Figure 1. Cantharus fragarius (Wood,
1828). 26.5 x 13.7 mm. Leg. M. Montoya
Roca Sucia, Cocos Is., Costa Rica

Literature Cited

ABBOTT, R.T. and P. DANCE

1982. Compendium of Seashells. E.P. Dutton, N.Y., p. 172
ADAMS, H. and A. ADAMS

1853. The genera of Recent Mollusca arranged according to their organization.
London, vol. 1:153

GRAY, J.E.

1839. Molluscous animals and their shells in F.W. Beechey, The zoology of
Capt. Beechey's voyage... in his Majesty's ship Blossom ...London.

HIGA, L.

1977. Recent finds. Hawaiian Shell News 25(2) :15, fig. 1

Vol . XIX(4) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 31

KAY, E . A.

1979. Hawaiian Marine Shells. Bishop Museum Press, pp. 262-263, fig. 92E
KIENER, L.C.

1841. Species general et iconographie des coquilles vivantes... Paris,
vol. 6:47-48, pi. 18, fig. 1

REEVE, L . A.

1846. Conchologia Iconica. London. Rieinula, vol. 3, pi. 3, fig. 15
SALISBURY, R.

1983. Those underrated tropical whelks. Hawaiian Shell News 31(7) :1, 7, fig. 7
WOLFE, C.

1976. Notes on the color identification plate. Hawaiian Shell News 24(11) :6
WOOD, W.

1828. Supplement to the Index Testaceologicus of a catalog of shells. London,
pp. 11, 31, pi. 3, fig. 27

FOR YOUR INFORMATION

STUDENT RESEARCH GRANT ANNOUNCED BY THE WESTERN SOCIETY OF MALACOLOGISTS

The Western Society of Malacologists , founded in 1968 to promote the study of
malacology and invertebrate zoology, will award a grant of $500 to an undergraduate
or graduate student for the academic year 1987-88. The grant is offered to initiate
or further research concerned with molluscs, in systematics, biology, ecology,
paleontology or related fields. The completed application form and research pro-
posal must be accompanied by an outline of academic background and by a letter from
a faculty member or other professional scientist supervising or knowing of the
student's work. Deadline for applications and accompanying materials is May 1, 1987.
For an application, write to Dr. Vida C. Kenk, WSM Committee on Student Grants,

Dept. Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192.

CONCHOLOGISTS OF AMERICA ANNOUNCES TWO GRANTS AWARDED

Two grants were awarded at the 14th Annual Convention of the COA. A $1,000
grant was awarded the the U.S. National Museum, Smithsonian Institution to help
defray expenses of graduate student research on the molluscan collection and a
$500 grant was awarded to Rudiger Bieler for color plates for his forthcoming
monograph on Architectonidae . Requests for 1987 grants must be submitted in
writing no later than May 15, 1987 and sent to Richard W. Forbush, Awards Chairman,
1104 Sklar Dr. E. , Venice, Florida 33595

PUBLICATION RECEIVED

Volume 2 (no. 2/3:9-19, 6 figs.) of the serial publication Marginella Marginalia
was received by the Club. A publication of the Dayton Museum of Natural History, its
purpose is the dissemination of information on the Marginellidae . To receive the
publication, write to Editor Gary A. Coovert , Dayton Museum of Natural History, 2629
Ridge Ave., Dayton, OH 45414. "Subscription dues are voluntary but encouraged."

Page 32

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(4) : 1987

TYPH I SOPS I S CORQNATUS AND DWARF TYPHISALA GRAND IS AT COSTA RICA

BY

ANTHONY D ' ATTILIO

Department of Marine Invertebrates, San Diego Natural History Museum, Balboa Park,

P.O. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112

Among other recent donations to the San Diego Natural History Museum by Carol
Skoglund of Phoenix, Arizona were two specimens of Typhisala grandis (A. Adams, 1855),
(SDNHM 90773) dredged off Playas del Coco, Guanacaste, Costa Rica which appear to be
fully mature at 13.7 and 12.2 mm L. (Figures 1 and 2). A third example (17.9 mm L)
in the Hertz collection was also dredged by the Skoglunds at the same time (Figures 3

and 4 ) .

Figures 1 and 2. Typhisala grandis (A. Adams, 1855) (SDNHM 90773), dredged in
24.4-36.6 m (80-120 ft.) on mud bottom, Playas del Coco, Guanacaste, Costa Rica,
April 1986. Leg. Carol and Paul Skoglund. 1) apertural view, left=13.7 mm L,
right=12.2 mm L 2) dorsal view, left=13.7 mm L, right=12.2 mm L

Each specimen has five whorls and a protoconch which is partially preserved in
one specimen (SDNHM 90773) is probably complete between 2^ to 3 whorls. (Figure 5).
The specimens show the usual sculpture of transverse cords on the body whorl with
intervarical sculpture of spiny-tipped extensions arising from the swollen costae on
the body (Figure 6).

The dwarfish specimens from Costa Rica differ only in quantitative morphology.
Mature, more typical specimens reach 36 mm in length, are robust and rather quad-
rangular in overall outline with a large expanded apertural varix. The dwarfish
specimens exhibit a prolongation of the apertural varix obliquely and posteriorly.
The partition also appears more complexly folded than otherwise noted on large,
more typical specimens.

Vol . XIX(4): 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 33

Figures 3 and 4. Typhisala grandis (A. Adams, 1855), 17.9 mm L, Hertz collection.
Same collecting data as in Figures 1 and 2. 3) apertural view 4) dorsal view

Figure 5. T. grandis _, protoconch of Figure 6. T. grandis3 detail of spiny

17.9 mm L specimen (SDNHM 90773), X50 tipped extensions arising from the costae

on the body, 17.9 mm L specimen (SDNHM
90773), X25

Page 34

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(4) : 1987

Unlike Typhisaia grandis specimens of Typhisopsis coronatus (Broderip, 1833)
which were collected at the same time and in the same locality by the Skoglunds show
no dwarfing (Figures 7 and 8). The specimen illustrated is 21.8 mm L. The species
reaches approximately 38 mm L at maturity with six to seven whorls.

Figures 7 and 8. Typhisopsis coronatus (Broderip, 1833), 21.8 mm L, (SDNHM 91506),
dredged in 24.4 to 36.6 m (80-120 ft.) on mud bottom, Playas del Coco, Guanacaste,

Costa Rica, April 1986. Leg. Carol and Paul Skoglund. a) apertural view, b) dorsal view

Figure 9 shows the partially
preserved protoconchs of two
specimens with 5 whorled teleo-
conchs in the Hertz collection.

While superficially re-
sembling Typhisaia grandis, the
surface of Typhisopsis coronatus
is sculptured by an extremely
irregular lamellate surface
(Figures 9 and 10) completely
lacking in Typhisaia grandis, and
possibly unique for the typhids.

I have only noted this peculiar
surface sculpture in the
Ocenebrinae species Poropteron
uncinarius (Lamarck, 1822).

The surface of the shell in
T. coronatus is indented or
pitted and uneven lamellae form

Figure 9. T. coronatus , partially preserved
protoconchs of two specimens in the Hertz collection
dredged by the Skoglunds at the same time as that
shown in Figures 7 and 8. Left specimen = 21.2 mm L,
right specimen = 20.7 mm L

Vol . XIX(4): 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 35

over this surface. The lamellae are very thin and chipped unevenly at the edges.

Figure 10. T. ooronatus, camera
lucida drawing shows the entire
surface with microsculpture of
gouge-like pits.

Figure 11. T. ooronatus , detail of microsculpture
greatly enlarged

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

My thanks to Carol Skoglund of Phoenix, Arizona for donating the specimens
studied to the San Diego Natural History Museum and to Carole and Jules Hertz of
San Diego, California for making their specimens available for study. My appreciation
also to David K. Mulliner for the excellent photography of these species.

Page 36

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(4): 1987

COMMON SHELL NAMES

BY

RUDOLF STOHLER

1584 Milvia Street, Berkeley, California 94709

When attempting to discuss a subject of possible controversial aspects it is
best to define terms to be used. In the present instance the term "common name"
cries loudly and insistently for such a procedure.

It seems to be inherent in human beings to give names to all parts of their
environment. We feel comfortable when we do not use terms such as "that thing."

Since there are many human beings around, a particular object may be given as many
different names as there are people. Mark Twain in his sketch Adam's Diary tells
about the naming of animals by Eve. When Adam asked her why she called a particular
animal a "lion" she replied quite logically, "because it looks like a lion." For-
tunately for us. Eve did not notice shells, so she did not name them!

It is obvious that confusion is unavoidable if every person calls a particular
object by the name he invented regardless of what the other individual calls the same
object. This means that different individuals must come to an agreement as to what
object is meant by a particular name. That name thus becomes a "common" name,
meaning a name that is applied by all members of a community to a particular subject.

But confusion still is possible since different communities of people in dif-
ferent localities may - and in all probability did - agree on a "common name" for
the same object already named by the other group. If trading occurs between the two
communities, an agreement must be reached as to the name by which the object is to
be known. If the daily language of the two groups is very different a "translation"
of the names may have to be worked out. Thus, for example, an American "shark" will
be known also as a German "Haifisch."

Since it appears that there are more than just a dozen or so different shell
species, and also since ardent shell collectors may wish to "trade" with members of
many different nationalities, these "common" names have to be translated into many
different languages. This makes exchanging shells very cumbersome and hazardous at
the same time. If I were exchanging some San Francisco Bay mussels with a Frenchman
in Brittany for "moules" and a German in Kiel for "Miesmuscheln , " I might get quite
upset to get just more Mytilus edulis .

Reviewing what we have said so far, it seems that an object - such as a shell -
could have dozens or even hundreds of "common" names. But, as the caterpillar in
Alice in Wonderland said, "A word means what _I want it to mean." My_ meaning of
"common name" is a name by which a particular object is known all over the world.

That does not mean, however, that I could drop down in the middle of a busy market-
place anywhere in the world and ask any individual for a Meroenaria mevoenav'ia and
get anything more than a blank look and a shrug of the shoulder. But among shell
collectors it should evoke a look of recognition — provided my pronunciation is
understood .

Through the efforts of an International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
there are precisely such "common names" as I mean . By applying certain rules estab-
lished by this commision very strictly, eventually all species of animals will have
just one name (consisting, to be sure, of two words).

Unfortunately, in spite of these efforts, we still have possible sources for
confusion: the ways these names are pronounced. The ancient Romans did not have the
foresight to make video tape recordings of their famous orators or even of their
successful politicians. And the ancient Greeks were not any smarter in this respect.
Thus, we shall never know exactly how we should correctly pronounce the Latin and
latinized words. Modern schools throughout the world teach "classical languages;"

Vol . XIX(4): 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 37

that is, they teach vocabularies, grammar and syntax and a sort of pronunciation
which usually is heavily colored by the way the language of the particular country
is spoken. It is easy to distinguish a French-Latin from an Italian-Latin or an
American-Latin . It appears, then, that to bring total harmony and complete mutual
understanding into being we must agree not only on a single nomenclature but also on
a single way of pronouncing the words.

It would seem that a valiant effort in this direction has been made in several
countries by compilations of selected names with a phonetic guide to pronunciation.

A pitfall is that, especially in long lists, consistency in phonetic representation
is very difficult to maintain and unfortunately, users of such guides tend to over-
look the fact that the phonetic equivalents apply only within the language area for
which the guide was written. A way out of this difficulty might be the production
of tape recordings accompanied by a printed list of the names spoken on the tape.

In that way, a collector of molluscan shells could learn to pronounce the names of
his treasures in a way that would be understood anywhere. I freely admit that this
idea is a dream that will not be fulfilled, at least not for many years. But then,
there is no law that regulates dreams - at least, not yet!

CLUB NEWS

FROM THE MINUTES - SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB MEETING - MARCH 19, 1987

Ron McPeak entertained an appreciative audience of 41 members and guests with
pictures and narration of some of his adventures in the Arctic and Antarctic. These
occurred in the 1960s, but the pictures are timeless. For those who were unable to
attend, picture Ron in Eskimo garb mushing along with a dog team! We greatly enjoyed
sharing Ron’s memories.

Several members of the Club had just returned from an exciting trip to the
Philippines and Bob Yin promised a program on the trip later in the year. Dave
Mulliner exhibited a book he had obtained from the Bishop Museum in Honolulu on
the highly valued Niihau shell leis.

Wes Farmer reported that he had found a live Black Murex at Bird Ruck in
La Jolla, the details to be published in The Festivus.

The Club Auction/Potluck on April 25 will be held again at the home of Mary and
Ron McPeak (see map on last page of this issue). If you plan to attend and have
not signed up to bring a potluck dish or contributed shells, please contact a Board
member to arrange for pickup of shell donation and suggestion for potluck contribution.

Librarian Margaret Mulliner requests the return of Burgess' new cowry book.

If you have forgotten to return it, please contact Margaret (488-2701) and arrange
for its return. Phil Faulconer is interested in obtaining a shell cabinet. If

you have one, new or used, give him a call.

Carole Hertz announced that plans for the WSM annual meeting at SDSU June 21-
25 are coming along. Our Club will host a wine and cheese reception on the 21st.

If you would like to help, let us know.

The door prize was won by Bill Romer and the cookies were provided by Nola Michel
and Carol and Bill Romer.

Barbara L. Farmer

THE AUCTION/POTLUCK - APRIL 25, 1987

The Club's biggest social event and only fundraiser is almost here! Don't miss
the fun. Come to the Auction at the home of Mary and Ron McPeak (see map on last
page). Festivities begin at 6:00 P.M.

If you have not already donated shells to help support the Club or signed up
for your potluck donation, please contact either Bill Romer (278-2389) or Carole
Hertz (277-6259). See you there!!

1

SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB
Membership Roster-1987

Abbott, R. Tucker
2208 South Colonial Dr.
Melbourne, FL 32901

Bratcher. Twila

8121 Malholland Terrace

Los Angeles, CA. 90046

Covey, Jewel

5666 E. Hampton Apt.l5j
Tucson, AZ 85712

Adams, Rosemary
13346 Birchwooa
Sunnymead , CA 92388

American Museum of Nat. Hist.
Library Ser ials-Jud ith Walsh

Central Park West at 79th St .
New York, NY 10024

Auckland Institute & Museum
Ian Thwaites, Librarian
Private Bag, Auckland
New Zealand

Barton, Geo. & Paula
620 S. Nevada St.

Oceanside, CA 92054
722- 7281

Baxendell, Lee
1475 Somerset
Cardiff, CA 92007
752-2919

Benak, Rita
38 19 Strong St .

San Diego, CA 92111

Bennett, Jo

1559 Tredegar Dr.

Fort Myers, FL 33907

Bertsch, Hans

2511 W. Sunflower T-9

Sant, a Ana, CA. 92704

Bouchet, Dr. Phillipe
Museum D'Histoire Naturelle
55 Rue de Buffon
75005 Paris, France

Boyd, Susan & Bobby
P.O.Box 1541
Fallbrook, CA 92028
728-9721

British Museum (N.H.)
Acquisitions Section (DLS)
Cromwell Rd .

London SW 7 5BD England

Brosius, Doris & George
1350 Loring

§t§_34Sf0’ CA 92109

Brown, Billee & Bob
6333 La Jolla Blvd , #171
La Jolla, CA 92037
454-5788

Buck, Larry
2407 Sacada Circle
Rancho La Costa, CA 92009
436-8265

Burch, Beatrice & Thomas
Kailua^ ^I996734

Catarius, Debbie & Larry
4173 Galt St.

San Diego, CA 92117
270-4376

Cate, Jean M.

P.O.Box 3049

Rancho Santa Fe , CA 92067
756-4744

Cerutti, Richard
1359 Sweetwater Lane
Spring Valley, CA 92077
462-4841

Clover, Phillip

P.0. Box 339

Glen Ellen, CA 95442

Coan, Eugene
891 San Jude Ave.

Palo Alto, CA 94306

D'ALtilio, Rose & Tony

2415 29th St.

San Diego, CA 92104
281-9731

Davis, Florence C.
Rte. 1, Box 1639
Brobecks, PA 17329

Delaware Museum N.H.
Box 3937

Greenville, Del 19807

Draper, Bertram
85H Bleriot Ave.

Los Angeles, CA 90045

Duffy, John
5016 Ellison PI.

San Diego, CA, 92116
284-0834

DuShane , Helen
15012 El Soneto
Whittier, CA 90605

Everson, Gene
8325 Adrian Ct.
Matthews, NC 28105

Farmer, Barbara & Wes.
11061 Lea Terrace Dr.
Santee, CA 92071
448-8697

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P.O.Box 82632
San Diego, CA 92138
222-808?

Fernandes, Francisco

c/o Santos Brito
Santa Rita, Cacela 8900
Algarve, Portugal

Bradner, Marge & Hugh
I867 CJaminito Marzolla
La Jolla, CA 92037
459-7681

Coovert, Gary
36 Prospect Ave.
DaytoVi, OH 45415

Flentz, Mary & John
149 Via La Soledad
Redondo Beach, CA 90277
213-375-6400

2

Foster, Robert
P.O.Box 3010

Santa Barbara, CA 93130-3010
963-3228

Kabat , Alan R.

Museum of Comparative Zool.
Harvard University
Cambridge, MA 02138

Luke. Spencer
S.I.O. A-007
P.O.Box 1529
La Jolla. CA 92093

Gemmell, Joyce
ISO S, Anza Sp.47C
El Cajon, CA 92020
447-8004

Gill, Eve
1566 Oramas Rd.

Santa Barbara, CA 93103
805-962-6661

Glauser. Maurice
3. Chemin du Pontrde-Ville
1224 Chene-Bougenes
Swi t.zerland

Goldberg. Richard
P.O.Box 137

Fresh Meadows, NY H365

Good, Barbara
1802 McKee St. #C 6
San Diego, CA 92110
291-5380

Gori, Sandro
Via Sernesi 7
Livorno, Italy

Haines, Debara Diane

P.O.Box 741

San Mart in CA 95°46

Hamilton, Ian
6640 Linda Visla Rd . C-6
San Diego, CA 92111
278-6213

Hanselman, Geo. & Virginia
58I8 Tulane St.

San Diego, CA 92122

453-3OI9

Herrmann, Richard & Ginny
7709 Eads Ave .

La Jolla, CA 92037
459-3317

Hertz, Jules & Carole
3883 Mt . Blackburn
San Diego, CA 92111
277-6259

Johnson, John
P.O.Box 1205
MCB Camp Buller
FP0 Seattle, WA 98773

Kaiser, Kirstie
FvOt Box 4289
Park City, UT 84060

Kantor, Ruth & Martin
2706 Jennings St.

San Diego, CA 92106
225-3433

Keeler, James

Marriott Jr., Jo Ann & Billlj
3430 Madison Ave.

San Diego, CA 92116
280-9583

Martin, Clifford & Clifton
324 Kennedy Lane
Oceanside, CA 92054
757-1528

3209 Del Rio Terrace
Tallahassee, FL 32312

Kemp, Bruce

9420-D Carlton Oaks Dr.
Sant ee. CA 92071
225-7^94 (work)

Kennedy, George
Invert. Paleontology
Los Angeles Co, Museum (NH)
900 Exposition Blvd .

Los Angeles, CA 90007

Mathews, Suzanne
816 Lehigh Ave.

Chula Vista, CA 92013
421-7505

McPeak, Ron & Mary
7989 La Brusca Way
Carlsbad, CA 92008
942-3489

Metz, George

121 Wildhorse Valley D

Wt&S* 94947

King, Frank & Harriet
859 E. Vista Way
Vista, CA 92083
726-2523

Michel, John & Nola
4758 Mt. Cervin Dr.
San Diego, CA 92117
278-9088

King, June & Bob

4269 Hawk St.

San Diego, CA 92103

296-0574

Montoya, Michel

P.O.Box 6327

San Jose, Costa Rica

Koch, Robert & Wendy

722 7 tlorlh 1
Phoenix, AZ

t h Ave .

15021

I

Mulliner, David & Marg’
5283 Vickie Dr.

San Diego, CA 92109
488-2701

Leonard, Fred L.

800 North 41st Ave.
Hollywood, FL 33021

Levine, Annita

139-62 Pershing Crescent

Jamaica, NY 11435

Lindahl, Ken & Marge
202 Grand Canal
Balboa Island, CA 92662
714-675-7377
714-673-17H3

Myers, John & Barbara
3761 Mt. . Augustus Ave.
San Diego, CA 92111
279-9806

Partington, Bill & Kellj
10143 Trocha de Penni
Lakeside, CA 92040
448-2 9H

Perrin, Marilyn
10960 Via Abaca
San Diego, CA 92126
586-0175

3

Pisor, Don & Jeanne

10373 El Honcho PI.
San Diego, Ca 92124
279-9342

Poorman, Forrest- & Leroy
15300 Magnolia St. Sp.53
Westminster, CA 92683

Rice. Tom

P.O.Box 219

Port Gamble, WA 98364

Robertson, Robert
Academy of Nat'l Sciences
19t.h & The Parkway
Philadelphia, PA 19103

Robertson, Wally
c/o 1137 Prospect St.

La Jolla, Ca 92037
459-6858

Rockey, William
Tetra Tech Internal ional
1911 Fort Myer Dr. # 403
Arlington, VA 22209

Romer, Bill & Carol
3249 Towser St .

San Diego, CA 92123
278-2389

Ruhl, Deborah

902 W. Victoria #223

Montebello, CA 90640

Sage, Pat & John
1635 Lanoitan Ave .
National City, CA 92050
267-3264

Sage, Walter E. Ill
Dept. Marine Invert-
American Museum (N.H.)
Central Pk. w at 79th St.
New York, NY 10024

S.I.O. Library C-075-C
Univ. of California
La Jolla, CA 92093

Weber, Gladys

6439 W. Myrtle Ave, #79

Glendale, AZ 85301

Shasky, Donald R.

834 W. Highland Ave.

Redlands, CA 92373

Skoglund, Carol
3846 E. Highland Ave.

Phoenix, AZ 85018

Smith, Vivienne B.

16331 Porto Bello St.,NW
Bokeelia, FL 33922

Smithsonian Inst, Library
Library Acqus i 1 ions
# 9010520201
Washington, D.C. 20560

Souder. John
7845 Michelle Dr.
La Mesa, CA 92041
462-0404

Stephens, Susan B.
P.O.Box 217
425 Lighthouse Way
Sanibel , FL 33957

Stohler, RudGlf (Hon.)
1584 Mil via St.

Berkeley, CA 94709

Strigliabott i, Susan
2582 Del Mar fits. Rd .
Del Mar, CA 92014
481-6177

Webster, Herb
3402-A Ruby Lantern
Dana Pt . CA 92629
714-240-1606

Woolsey, Jody

3717 Bagley Ave. #206

Los Angelos, CA 90034

Wuyts, Jean
82 Koningsarendlaan
2100 Deurne 4
Antwerp, Belgium

Ye end, Arthur & Margeneti
5668 Lord Cecil St.

4?f“05^Sgo, CA* 92122

Yin, Bob

1275 Torrey Pines Rd .

La Jolla, CA 92037
454-2342

Norrid, Charlotte & Henry
233 E. Cairo Dr.

Tempe , AZ 85282

Snell, Chuck
P.0. Box AC
Trinidad, CA 95570

Taylor, Roland & Kay
2437 Aster St. J

San Diego, CA 92109
274-2998

Valli, Adrian

1549 N, Vulcan #26
Leucadia, CA 92024

Sant, a Barbara Museum (NH)
2559 Puesta Del Sol Rd .
Santa Barbara, CA 93105

Schuler, Marty
5170 Baxter
San Diego, CA 92117
270-3080

Scott, Paul

St a. Barbara Museum (NH)
2559 Puesta Del Sol Rd .
Santa Barbara, CA 931 05

Vaught , Kay

8646 E. Paraiso Dr.

Scottsdale, AZ 85255

Yokes , Emily
Dept . Geology

Tulane University
New Orleans, LA 70118

Voso, Ed & Helen
1815 Sweetwater Rd . Sp.134
Spring Valley, CA 920 77
469-8308

Map for the Auction/Potluck — April 25, 1987
Festivities begin at 6:00 P.M.

This map is not to scale

6 THE FESTIVUS

A publication of the San Diego Shell Club

ISSN: 0738-9388

Volume: XIX

May 14, 1987

Number: 5

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor

Photographer

Wesley Farmer
Bill Romer
Ginny Herrmann
Barbara Farmer
Margaret Mulliner

Carole M. Hertz
David K. Mulliner

MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego
Shell Club. Single member: $10.00;
Family membership: $12.00;

Overseas (surface mail): $12.00.

Address all correspondence to the
San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883
Mt . Blackburn Ave . , San Diego, CA 92111
Single copies of this issue: $5.00.
Postage is additional.

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M.
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
R. Tucker Abbott

American Malacologists3

JUN 1 5 1987 i

Eugene Coan
Research Associate
California Academy of Sciences /

Anthony D'Attilio N^£/8RARiES

San Diego Natural History

William K. Emerson

American Museum of Natural History

James H. McLean

Los Angeles County Museum

of Natural History

Barry Roth

Research Associate

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History

Emily Vokes

Tulane University

The Festivus is published monthly except
December. The publication date appears
on the masthead above.

PROGRAM

Sea Life of San Diego and Baja California
is the title of an illustrated talk to be presented by Wes Farmer, Club President
and author of several books on sea life of these areas

Meeting date: May 21, 1987

CONTENTS

Club news 39

Thyca crystallina follow-up

BRATCHER, TWILA 40

The Black Murex, Muricanthus nigritus 3 from Bird Rock, La Jolla, California —
fact or fiction?

FARMER, WESLEY 42

Range extensions of several Panamic mollusks based on new records made
in Nicaragua, part I

MONTOYA, MICHEL, AL LOPEZ, AND JULIO LOPEZ 43

Page 39

THE FESTIVUS

Vol. XIX(5) : 1987

CLUB NEWS

THE AUCTION/POTLUCK - April 25, 1987

For the second year in a row, Mary and Ron McPeak were our gracious hosts for
the Club's big funraiser and fundraiser. This year as last — it was the best!!

Over fifty members and guests enjoyed each others company while imbibing "Dave's
punch" and feasting on the delicious potluck contributions. They pored over
silent auction items, auction lists and auction specimens until eight o'clock
when President Wes Farmer announced that the auction would begin.

The auction contributions were outstanding — two Conus gloviamaris 3 a Conus
dusaveli 3 Cypvaea schildevzana 3 a "Tony" shell drawing, and a beautiful under-
water photograph to name but a few of the special donations. Once underway with
Marty Schuler and Carole Hertz, the Club's perennial auctioneers, the bidding was
spirited, generous and good natured with much laughter amid the serious bidding.

It was great fun.

The auction was a social and financial success thanks to our hosts Mary and Ron,
the members who donated (and bid) so generously and those who helped organize the party.

THE CLUB HOSTS A WINE AND CHEESE RECEPTION FOR THE WSM

The Club has volunteered to host a wine and cheese reception at the upcoming
annual meeting of the Western Society of Malacologists (WSM) . The reception will
be from 4:30-6:00 P.M. on Sunday, June 21st in the Activity Center East, adjacent
to Tenochca Hall, on the campus of San Diego State University. (Maps will be
available) .

The reception will provide a cordial beginning to the meeting and will be an
opportunity for Club members to meet other amateurs and professionals as well as
renew acquaintance with old friends.

The WSM meeting will run from June 21-25 with informative talks during the
mornings and afternoons and social events in the evenings, including an
"Underwater Night" arranged by Richard Herrmann, a shell and book auction, a banquet
at the San Diego Natural History Museum, and field trips on the last day.

If you would like to help with the arrangements for the reception or attend
the meeting, please contact Carole Hertz (277-6259).

ANNUAL PLANT SALE OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN FOUNDATION

The annual plant sale of the Botanical Garden Foundation will be on May 30 and 31
in the patio of the Casa del Prado. All groups meeting there are asked to donate
rooted plants for the sale. Bring your donations to Room 104 on Friday, May 29 and
please be sure to note that your donation is from the San Diego Shell Club.

Our Club benefits greatly by being able to meet at the Casa del Prado and members
are urged to donate plants to benefit the Botanical Garden Foundation. If you have
questions concerning donations, contact either June King (296-0574) or Carole Hertz
(277-6259).

TOO LATE FOR THE ROSTER

Anderson, Jayne and Mike, 745 1st. St., Suite 102, Encinitas, CA 92024
Bukry, J. David, U.S. Geological Survey, MS-915, 345 Middlefield Rd . , Menlo Park
CA 94025

Haigh, Betty and Ernest, P.0. Box 2107, Simi Valley, CA 93062
Holiman, Audrey and Wayne, P.0. Box 246, Edinburg, TX 78539
Woods, William L. , P.0. Box 231397, San Diego, CA 92123

CHANGE OF ADDRESS

Bertsch, Hans, P.0. Box 25797, Santa Ana, CA 92799
NEW MEMBERS

Hawaiian Malacological Society, P.0. Box 10391, Honolulu, HA 96816
Williams, Peggy, Rt . 8, Box 28A, Sarasota, FL 34243

Vol . XIX (5 ) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 40

THYCA CRYSTALLINA FOLLOW-UP

BY

TWILA BRATCHER

8121 Mulholland Terrace, Hollywood, California 90046

While doing research on Thyca cry staVtina (Gould, 1846) for an article in
The Festivus (September 1984), I discovered the fascinating fact that the male of
the species is almost microscopic and lives on the foot of the female, under the shell.

I remembered this recently when I picked up the vial which had held the Thyca.
Before tossing it away, I decided to place it under the microscope. There it was,
the tiny shell of the male Thyca still in place on the dried body of the female
(Figure 1) .

The shell of the male is thin and translucent, measuring 2.4 mm, almost smooth,
but with some predominently spiral sculpture (Figure 2) as opposed to the thicker
shell of the female (14.8 mm L) with its beautifully sculptured granular, radiating

axial ribs (Figure 3) .

Figure 1. Thyca cvystallina (Gould, 1846)
Shell of female with dried body and male
on foot. Female shell — 14.8 mm L
Male shell — 2.4 mm L

Figure 2. T. cvystallina, closeup view of

male shell, 2.4 mm L

Leg. T. Bratcher, Philippine Is.

Page 41

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(5): 1987

Thyca cry stallina is parasitic on
the blue sea stars Linckia laevigata and
L. multiflora both of Linnaeus. The
genus Thyca was formerly included in the
family Capulidae but was transferred to
the Eulimidae by Dr. Alison Kay in 1979
because of its distinctly eulimid proto-
conch and its parasitic association with
echinoderms. Anders Waren (1980), in
his revision of the genus Thyca3 gave
five additional reasons for the placement
of Thyca in the Eulimidae instead of the
Capulidae .

Literature Cited
KAY, ALISON

1979. Hawaiian Marine Shells, Reef
and Shore Fauna of Hawaii.
Section 4: Mollusca, Bernice
P. Bishop Museum Spec. Pub. 64

,, (4):l-653, text figs.

WAREN, ANDERS

1980. Revision of the genera Thyca3
Stilifer3 Scaleno stoma 3
Mucronalia and Echineulima

(Mollusca, Prosobranchia,
Eulimidae). Zoologica Scripta9:
187-210, text figs.. Dept.
Zoology, Univ. of Gotenborg,
Sweden

Figure 3. Thyca crystallina3 female shell,
right side view, 14.8 mm L

NEW PUBLICATION RECEIVED

Anatomy, Reproductive Biology, and Phylogeny of the Planaxidae (Cerithiacea :
Prosobranchia by Richard S. Houbrick (1987), Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,
no. 445, 57 pages, 27 figures, 6 tables.

This paper discusses in depth the six Recent genera which are recognized by the
author as comprising the Planaxidae, a marine group of herbivores inhabiting the
intertidal environment which brood their young in specialized brood pouches.
Synonymies; conchological , radular and anatomical descriptions; and the life histories
and ecology of each genus.

This publication will be available for circulation at the May meeting.
ANNOUNCEMENT OF A NEW PUBLICATION

Nudibranchs of Southern Africa; A Guide to Opisthobranch Molluscs of Southern
Africa, by Terrence Gosliner (1987) 136 pages, 268 color plates, paperback. Published
by Sea Challengers, Price: $34.95. Announcement forms will be available at the
May meeting with further information and order stubs.

Vol . XIX(5 ) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 42

THE BLACK MU REX, MURICANTHUS NIGRITUS, FROM BIRD ROCK,
LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA — FACT OR FICTION?

BY

WESLEY M. FARMER

11061 Lea Terrace Drive, Santee, California 92071

During a low tide nature walk with the San Diego Herpetological Society on
February 28, 1987, I found a specimen of the Black Murex, Muricanthus nigritus
(Philippi, 1845). It was nestled between rocks under a partially submerged rock
ledge some four feet long and 1^ feet high about 25 feet from the base of the rip-
rap of the shoreline cliff. I commented to the group that this live animal is not
usually found here but in the Gulf of California, its more normal distribution. The
murex was passed around but not collected.

The next day my daughter Deanna and I went back to the same locality and I
found a Black Murex in about the same place as the one the day before. The live
murex had two oyster holes drilled partially through the shell on the dorsal side.
The shell is 58 mm long with an operculum 20 mm long by 13 mm wide. Figure 1 is of
the shell with the operculum held in place by the foot.

The question is: why was the Black Murex in La Jolla? Was it a result of "El
Nino"? Was it there because a sympathetic collector from the Gulf of California
turned it loose at Bird Rock or a collector scattered about distant collected
species into a new habitat? I think that someone returned the shell to this area

because a return trip to the Gulf of California was out of the question.

It is not the first time that a tropical species has been found under a San

Diego County beach rock. When I was "collecting nudibranchs" many years ago at the

tip of Point Loma and looking under rocks for sea life, I found a 100 mm (at least)
Tiger Cowry as shiny as the day it must have come from the market place. In retro-
spect, I think it was slipped under a flat stone in my path by the fellow tidepooler
I was with that day.

Occasionally a marine organism has been reported at a certain locality never to
be found there again. Many years later a writer will state that it should not be
considered part of the animal
current distribution. This
suggests that perhaps the
ranges of some species fluc-
tuate as a result of an "El
Nino" or some wayward pio-
neering specimen.

That this Black Murex
was found at Bird Rock
is a fact. How it got
there is subject to debate.

Fig. 1. Murioanthus nigritus (Philippi, 1845), 58 mm L

Page 43

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(5) 1987

RANGE EXTENSIONS OF SEVERAL PANAMIC HOLLUSKS BASED ON
NEW RECORDS HADE IN NICARAGUA. PART I.

BY

MICHEL MONTOYA,* AL LOPEZ** and JULIO LOPEZ**

*Instituto Interamericano de Cooperacion para la Agricultura (IICA), P.O. Box 4830,
Managua, Nicaragua. ^'Universidad Centroamericana (UCA), P.O. Box A-90, Managua, Nicaragua.

ABSTRACT Information on the range extensions of thirteen species of marine mollusks
of the Panamic Province is offered: three Bivalvia and ten Gastropoda. The data
are based on findings recorded by the authors from the Pacific coast of Nicaragua.

INTRODUCTION

The Pacific coast of Nicaragua has been little explored by malacologists , and
the historical accounts of mollusk collecting have been few and far between. However
those that have been carried out have resulted in several dozen descriptions of new
taxa while type localities such as El Realejo, Corinto, and San Juan del Sur have
become notable in Panamic malacology.

The most important collections made on the Pacific coast of Nicaragua have been
those of H. Cuming towards the end of the 1820s, of A.S. Oersted in 1846 (Morch, 1859)
H.N. Lowe in 1931 (Lowe, 1932) and the Eastern Pacific Expeditions of the New York
Zoological Society carried out in late 1937 (Beebe, 1938).

The authors have collected extensively on the west coast of Nicaragua since
1977, and the data here presented are a small part of their research. The methods of
collecting were by beachcombing, wading and shallow diving, and the specimens are
held in the collection of the Central American University (UCA) of Managua, Nicaragua.

The identification of the material presented in this paper was verified by Dr. J
McLean of the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Dr. E. Coan of the
California Academy of Sciences and Dr. F.R. Bernard of the Canadian Department of
Fisheries and Oceans. Voucher specimens analyzed were deposited in the Malacology
Section, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History.

COLLECTION STATIONS

The collecting stations cited in the text are listed below with locality (and
the administrative division to which it belongs) and the geographical coordinates.

Santa Julia, Chinandega
Aposentillo, Chinandega
Aserradores, Chinandega
Poneloya, Leon
Miramar, Leon
Los Playones, Leon
Masachapa, Managua
La Boquita, Carazo
Casares, Carazo
Chococente, Carazo
Popoyo, Rivas
Majagual, Rivas
Marsella, Rivas
El Toro, Rivas
San Juan del Sur, Rivas
La Flor, Rivas

13°03 ' 00"N ; 87°34'00"W
12°37'52"N; 87°21'55"W
12°36'27"N; 87o20'23"W
12°22'50"N; 87°02'49"W
12°09'27"N; 86°45,49"W
12°07 ' 02"N ; 86°44'42"W
11°47 ' 13"N; 86°31 ' 01"W
11°40 ' 40"N ; 86°22 ' 30"W
11°39'04"N; 86°21 ’ 40"W
11°32 ’ 06"N ; 86°11,15"W
11°26'40"N; 86o05'00"W
11°17 ' 52"N ; 85°55 ’ 00"W
11°17 ' 06"N ; 85°54 ’ 14"W
11°16 ' 30"N ; 85°53'59"W
11°15 ' 34"N ; 85°52 ' 49"W
11°08,30"N; 85°47 ' 30"W

Vol . XIX(5): 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 44

ACCOUNT OF SPECIES

BIVALVIA

Pectinidae

Pecten ( Flabellipecten) berryi Bernard, 1983

Collecting data: El Toro (new southern extension); one single valve, 70 mm

Previous range: Off coast of Sonora, Mexico (Keen, 1971:85)

Observations : This species is Pecten ( Flabellipecten) lunaris Berry, 1963, not

Romer, 1839 (Bernard , 1983:68).

Pecten (Oppenheimopecten) perulus Olsson, 1961

Collecting data: Santa Julia (new northern extension), Poneloya, Miramar and
Casares; loose valves, to 32 mm

Previous range: Guanico, Panama to Lobitos, Peru (Olsson, 1961:159).

Petricolidae

Petricola (Petricola) lucasana Hertlein and Strong, 1948
Collecting data: Masachapa (new southern extension); one valve, 21 mm

Previous range: Gulf of California from Cabo San Lucas to Punta Penasco, Sonora, and

southward to Oaxaca, Mexico (Keen, 1971:197), 16N-31N (Bernard, 1983).

GASTROPODA

Triviidae

Trivia ( Dolichupis) acutidentata (Gaskoin, 1836)

Collecting data: La Boquita (new northern extension), Casares and Chococente;

fourteen specimens in drift, to 8 mm
Previous range: Known only from Ecuador (Keen, 1971:486).

Thaididae

Cymia tecta (Wood, 1828)

Collecting data: Aserradores (new northern extension), Los Playones, Masachapa, La

Boquita and Chococente; many live specimens on rocks at low tide, to 60 mm

Previous range: Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica (Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932:120) to

Ecuador (Keen, 1971:552).

Columbellidae

Anachis (Anachis) lyrata (Sowerby, 1832)

Collecting data: Aposentillo (new northern extension), Masachapa and Chococente;
many empty shells in drift, to 16 mm

Previous range: San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua to Montijo Bay, Panama (Pilsbry and

Lowe, 1932:117)

Observations : Originally described from the tropical eastern Pacific, specimens of

this species from the Atlantic coast of Central and South America are in-
distinguishable from the Pacific examples. The western Atlantic distribution
ranges from Cuba and the coast of Central America to Santa Catarina, Brazil
(Radwin, 1977:120).

Mitrella lalage Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932

Collecting data: Aserradores, La Boquita, Chococente, El Toro and San Juan del Sur

(new southern extension); many live specimens under rocks in tide pools, to 6 mm

Previous range: Southern part of the Gulf of California (Sonora) to Oaxaca, Mexico

(Keen, 1971:593)

Observations: These shells have a white diffuse subsutural band.

Page 45

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(5) : 1987

Nassarina (Zanassarina) whiter (Bartsch, 1928)

Collecting data: Aposentillo (new northern extension), Los Playones, Masachapa, La
Boquita, Chococente, Majagual, Marsella and El Toro; some twenty specimens in
tide pools on rocks, 6 to 8.1 mm

Previous range: Manabi (Shasky, 1984:29) to Guayaquil, Ecuador (Keen, 1971:596)

Ruthia mazatlaniea Shasky, 1970

Collecting data: Masachapa and La Boquita (new southern extension) ; four specimens

in tide pools, crabbed, to 12 mm

Previous range: Mazatlah, Sinaloa and Los Angeles Bay, Jalisco, Mexico (Shasky, 1970:192)

Stvombina (Strombina) sinuata (Sowerby, 1875)

Collecting data: Aposentillo (new southern extension); single specimen in tide pool,

crabbed, 16.4 mm

Previous range; San Jose, Guatemala and El Salvador, probably Panama (Keen, 1971:601)

Observations : Though crabbed and missing part of the lip close to the anterior canal,

the shell surface is in good condition and bears white and light brown maculations.

Nassariidae

Nassarius exzlis (Powys, 1835)

Collecting data: Aposentillo (new northern extension), Los Playones, Masachapa, and

San Juan del Sur; fourteen empty shells in drift, to 12.8 mm

Previous range: Montijo Bay, Panama (Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932:115) to Paita, Peru

(Keen, 1971:606)

Observations : The color of this shell is brown but we have found some gray specimens.

Mitridae

Subeanoilla gigantea (Reeve, 1844, ex Swainson MS)

Collecting data: Aposentillo (new northern extension), Aserradores, La Boquita,

Chococente, Popoyo and La Flor; fifteen empty shells, 43 to 68 mm
Previous range: Panama to Ecuador (Keen, 1971:644).

Cancellariidae

Canaellavia (Narona) mitriformis Sowerby, 1832

Collecting data: Aserradores (new northern extension), Los Playones, Chococente, El

Toro and La Flor, live and empty specimens, 10 to 32.3 mm
Previous range: Panama to Peru (Keen, 1971:653)

Observations : The usual color is purple brown, but two gray and one pink specimen

were taken.

LITERATURE CITED

BEEBE, W. 1938. Eastern Pacific Expeditions of the New York Zoological Society XIV.

Introduction, itinerary, list of stations, nets and dredges of the Eastern
Pacific Zaca Expedition, 1937-1938. Zoologica 23 (3) : 287-298 .

BERNARD, F.R. 1983. Catalogue of the living Bivalvia of the eastern Pacific Ocean:

Bering Strait to Cape Horn. Spec. Publ. Fisheries and Aquatic Sci. 61,

Ottawa. 102 pp.

KEEN, A.M. 1971. Sea shells of tropical west America, 2nd ed. Stanford Univ. Press,

Stanford. 1094 pp.

LOWE, H.N. 1932. Shell collecting in west Central America. Nautilus 45(3):73-82.

MORCH, O.A.L. 1859. Beitrage zur Molluskenf auna Central-Amerika ' s . Malakozool.

Blatter 6(4) :102-126.

OLSSON, A. A. 1961. Mollusks of the tropical eastern Pacific. . .Panamic-Pacific
Pelecypoda. Paleo. Res. Inst. Ithaca. 574 pp.

PILSBRY, H.A. and H.N. LOWE. 1932. West Mexican and Central American mollusks
collected by H.N. Lowe, 1929-31. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 84:33-144.

RADWIN, G.E. 1977. The family Columbellidae in the western Atlantic. Pt. Ila.

The Pyreninae. Veliger 20 (2) : 119-133 .

SHASKY, D.R. 1970. New gastropod taxa from tropical western America. Veliger 13(2):

188-195.

1984. A preliminary checklist of marine mollusks from Manabi Province, Ecuador.

Western Soc. Malac., Annual Report (1983) 16:25-32.

ISSN: 0738-9388

yoi

ftfoll'

Volume: XIX

THE FESTI VUS

A publication of the San Diego Shell Club - 1 y ]Qp <
June 11, 1987

Ji

Number: 6

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

Wesley Farmer
Bill Romer
Ginny Herrmann
Barbara Farmer
Margaret Mulliner

FESTIVUS STAFF

Editor Carole M. Hertz

Photographer David K. Mulliner

MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego
Shell Club. Single member: $10.00;
Family membership: $12.00
Overseas (surface mail): $12.00
Address all correspondence to the
San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883
Mt . Blackburn Ave . , San Diego, CA 92111
Single copies of this issue: $5.00.
Postage is additional.

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M.
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
R. Tucker Abbott

American Malacologists 3 Inc.

Eugene Coan

Research Associate

California Academy of Sciences

Anthony D'Attilio

San Diego Natural History Museum

William K. Emerson

American Museum of Natural History

Terrence M. Gosliner

California Academy of Sciences

James H. McLean

Los Angeles County Museum

of Natural History

Barry Roth

Research Associate

University of Calif ornia3 Berkeley

Emily Vokes

Tulane University

The Festivus is published monthly except
December. The publication date appears
on the masthead above.

PROGRAM

DIVING THE NORTHERN COOK ISLANDS

Philip Faulconer, underwater photographer and Club member, will give a slide
presentation with accompanying music of the Cook Islands.

Meeting date: 18 June

CONTENTS

Club news 47

Update on mollusks with Indo-Pacific faunal affinities in the tropical
eastern Pacific - part V

SHASKY, DONALD R 48

Correction to "Thyca crystallina follow-up" 50

Recent contributions to malacology: reviews and comments on two new
shell books

CHANEY, HENRY W 51

Comparison of Naquetia annandalei (Preston, 1910) and Naquetia harclayi
(Reeve, 1857)

D'ATTILIO, ANTHONY and CAROLE M. HERTZ 56

Page 47

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(6)

1987

CLUB NEWS

FROM THE; MINUTES - SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB MEETING - MAY 21, 1987

The speaker for the evening was President Wes Farmer, who spoke on sea life in
San Diego and Baja California. His slides of tide pools, fish, nudibranchs and Baja
beach scenes as well as invertebrate models were enjoyed by the twenty members and
guests attending.

The Botanical Garden Foundation requests plant donations for their annual plant
sale May 30 and 31. Wes Farmer will attend the next Foundation meeting as our
representative. The liability insurance has quadrupled this year and there will be
a one-time tenant assessment of $25, plus a yearly room rate of $50.

Outstanding bills from the Club auction should be paid to the San Diego
Shell Club and given to treasurer Margaret Mulliner or sent to the Club address.

The door prize shell drawing was won by Larry Buck.

It is requested that each member bring a shell next month for the evening's
display. Please bring something unusual or one that you want identified.

Ginny Herrmann, Acting Secretary

RECORDING SECRETARY NEEDED

If you are willing to serve as recording secretary for the remainder of 1987,
will you please contact President Wes Farmer ( 448-8697).

WSM WINE AND CHEESE RECEPTION - JUNE 21, 1987

The Club is hosting a reception for the 20th annual meeting of the Western Society
of Malacologists from 4-6 P.M. on Sunday June 21st at the A.C.E. (Activity Center East)
adjacent to Tenochca Residence Hall on the campus of San Diego State University.

All Club members are invited to attend and meet and welcome members of the WSM.

Parking in the high rise across from Tenochca Hall will be available to Club members
at no cost during the reception. For further information (and map) contact Carole
Hertz (277-6259).

NOTICE OF NEW PUBLICATION

American Malacologists, Inc. announces AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE RECENT
MARINE GASTROPODA FROM PUERTO RICO by Dr. Edgardo Ortiz-Corps. Price $9.00.

This 220 page report was issued in April 1985 as the Sexto Simposio de la Fauna de
Puerto Rico y el Caribe. This "thoroughly documented faunal checklist of the
Caribbean [in English] ...reports the presence in Puerto Rico of 743 marine
gastropods.... This in contrast to the 437 species reported by Warmke and Abbott 25
years ago... . The work includes synonyms, all known references in the literature...
biology and recent nomenclatural changes..." Further information and order blank
will be available at the June meeting.

Also announced from American Malacologists. the REGISTER OF AMERICAN MALACOLOGISTS,
1986-87. Price $14.00 until Sept. 1, 1987 (regularly $21.00).

Page 49

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(6) 1987

1 Vmikoro aouta (Recluz, 1844)

Vanikoro aouta was de-
scribed as Narioa aouta from
specimens taken by Hugh Cuming.

Dr. Alison Kay (1979) cites
records of this species from
Hawaii, the Tuamotus, Lord Hood
Island and the Moluccas. I
have dredged numerous dead
specimens (Figure 3) at Cocos
Island, Costa Rica in depths of
100-300 meters. I have taken
none alive.

Amphithalamus inolusis

Carpenter, 1864 Fig. 3. Vanikoro aouta

Amphithalamus inolusis was
described from southern Cali-
fornia. Subsequently A.
stephensae Bartsch, 1927, was
described from Magdalena Bay,

Baja California, Mexico and
A. trosti Strong and Hertlein,

1939, from Panama. Dr. Winston
Ponder (1983) in his review of
the genera of Barleeidae,
states that the "American
species of Amphithalamus prob-
ably fall into a single com-
plex, being very similar and
clearly closely related."

I have found A. trosti to
be abundant throughout the
Panamic province, sometimes
finding a thousand specimens on
a single dive. I have usually
found it in the siftings of
algae covered rocks or coral
shaken into a collecting pail
or bag. I have taken it from
the intertidal zone to depths
of 33 meters.

In early October 1985, while snorkeling on the north side of Sand Island,
Midway Islands, I found two specimens of A. inolusis (Figure 4) in siftings from
dead coral. This is the first record of this taxon in the Indo-Pacif ic.

Ac kno wl e d gmen t s

My appreciation to David K. Mulliner who made the black and white prints from
the original slides taken by Bert Draper.

Literature Cited

Fig. 4. Amphithalamus inolusis

BARTSCH, PAUL.

1927. New West American marine mollusks. Proc. USNM 70(2660) Art. 11:1-36,
pis. 1-6 (Apr. 8)

CARPENTER, PHILIP P.

1864. Supplementary report on the state of our knowledge with regard to the

Vol-. XIX(6) 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 48

UPDATE ON MOLLUSKS WITH INDO-PACIFIC FAUNAL AFFINITIES IN
THE TROPICAL EASTERN PACIFIC - PART V

BY

DONALD R. SHASKY

834 W. Highland Avenue, Redlands, California 92373

Three additional species are now added to the list of Indo-Pacific mollusks
found in the tropical eastern Pacific and a southern California species is recorded
for the first time in the Indo-Pacific.

Streptopinna saocata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Rosewater (1961) in his monograph of the Indo-
Pacific Pinnidae gives the distribution of
Streptopinna saocata as from East Africa to eastern
Polynesia. He states that its habitat is under and
between rocks in tidepools and in cavities of coral
and that it may assume an almost unbelievable degree
of contortion.

While diving in 27 meters at Roca Sucia, Cocos
Island, Costa Rica, on April 23, 1986, I found a
recently dead specimen (Figure 1) wedged between
coral slabs. This specimen, 191x78x1 mm, is mini-
mally contorted and closely resembles the specimen
figured by Dr. Rosewater (pi. 171, figs. 1-2) from
Keokea, Hilo, Hawaii.

Herviera gliriella (Melvill and Standen, 1896)

Originally described as Pyrgulina gliriella from
specimens collected at Lifu (now Lifou) Island,

Loyalty Islands, the authors in 1899 proposed the
genus Herviera with Pyrgulina gliriella as the type.

In this paper they mentioned that the species was
also taken at Uvea Island, Loyalty Islands and from
New Caledonia.

Dr. Alison Kay (1979) notes Herviera gliriella Fig. 1. Streptopinna saocata
from the Line and Hawaiian Islands and I have
collected the species at Sand Island in the
Midway IslandSi A figure of an unidentified
Turljonilla from the Cocos-Keeling Islands
in a paper by Dr. Virginia Orr Maes (1967,
pi. 19, fig. 3) also appears to be H.
gliriella .

While SCUBA diving I have collected
H. gliriella at the following Panamic
localities: 1) 8-15 meters, Coastecomate ,

Jalisco, Mexico, October 1968

2) 13 meters off the S.W. tip of Isla
Partida, Gulf of California, Mexico,

August 1975

3) 12-17 meters on Ostrea fisheri Dali, 1914,
at Isla Ballena, Gulf of California, Mexico,

October 1982

4) 12-37 meters from three sites at Cocos
Island, Costa Rica, 1983-85 (Figure 2).

Fig. 2. Herviera gliriella

Vol . XIX(6) 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 50

Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Rept . Brit. Assoc. Adv.

Sci. for 1863:517-686 (August)

KAY, E. ALISON

1979. Hawaiian marine shells. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Spec. Pub. 6(4):i-xviii +
1-654,, 195 figs.. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu.

LINNAEUS, CARL

1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae. 10th ed. Vol. 1,

Regnum animale, 824 pp. Stockholm. (Jan. 1)

MAES, VIRGINIA ORR

1967. The littoral marine mollusks of Cocos-Keeling Islands (Indian Ocean).

Proc. ANSP 119:4

MELVILL, JAMES C. AND ROBERT STANDEN

1896. Notes on a collection of shells from Lifu and Ovea, Loyalty Islands,

formed by the Rev. James and Mrs. Hadfield, with list of species. Part II.
J. Conch. 8:273-320, pis. 9-11

1899. Eerviera} a new genus of Pyramidellidae. ibid. 9:185-186
PONDER, WINSTON F.

1983. Review of the genera of the Barleeidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rissoacea) .

/ Rec. Aust. Mus. 35 (6) : 231-281 , figs. 1-27

RECLUZ, C . A.

1844. Rev. Zool. (Soc. Cuv.) 7:47 (Feb.)

ROSEWATER, JOSEPH

1961. The family Pinnidae in the Indo-Pacif ic . Indo-Pacific Mollusca: 1(4):
175-226, 37 pis.

STRONG, A.M. AND LEO G. HERTLEIN

1939. Marine mollusks from Panama collected by the Allan Hancock Expedition
to the Galapagos Islands, 1931-32. Allan Hancock Foundation Publ. of
Univ. S. Calif., Los Angeles 2 (12) : 177-245 , pis. 18-23 (August 21)

CORRECTION TO "THYCA CRYSTALLINA FOLLOW-UP"

CORRECTION: In the article THYCA CRYSTALLINA FOLLOW-UP by Twila Bratcher (May 1987)

[Festivus XIX(5) :40-41, 3 figs.], part of the beginning section was omitted. This
beginning section is reprinted correctly below.

"While doing research on Thyca crystallina (Gould, 1846) for an article in The
Festivus (September 1984), I discovered the fascinating fact that the male of the
species is almost microscopic and lives on the foot of the female, under the shell.

I remembered this recently when I picked up the vial which had held the Thyca.

[The alcohol had long since evaporated and nothing was left in the vial except a small
hard brown piece of material a few millimeters in diameter, obviously the dried remains
of the body of the Thyca^ Before tossing it away, I decided to place it under the
microscope. There it was, the tiny shell of the male Thyca still in place on the
dried body of the female (Figure 1),"

The editor regrets this error and the omission of credit to Bert Draper for the fine
photography of the specimens of Thyca cry stallina . Mrs. Bratcher had written in her
original letter, "I felt that even with my macro lens and extension tubes, I would
not be able to come up with the pictures of the 2.4 mm shell, so I didn’t even try."

Page 51

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Vol . XIX(6) 1987

RECENT CONTRIBUTIONS TO MALACOLOGY
REVIEWS AND COMMENTS ON TWO NEW SHELL BOOKS

BY

HENRY W. CHANEY

Research Associate, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
2559 Puesta del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, California 93105

Recently, two works have been published which are directed to both professional
and amateur malacologists . Each are comprehensive treatments of prominent gastropod
groups, the olive shells (genus Oliva) and the Terebridae. While they have been
anticipated by interested students for some time, these books also represent a con-
siderable investment to an individual collector, and so it is important to know if
these works are a worthwhile addition to your library.

As a guide to those who have not yet acquired these texts, the following is a
detailed discussion of the qualities of each work. These are two separate reviews,
but comparisons are inevitable. While these works review groups of approximately
the same size, they differ appreciably from each other in quality and format.

ATLAS OF LIVING OLIVE SHELLS OF THE WORLD
By Edward J. Petuch and Dennis M. Sargent. 1986.

Published by Coastal Education and Research Foundation (CERF) , P.0. Box 8068,
Charlottesville, VA 22906-8068.

253 pages, color plates, black and white figures and maps.

Price is $68.50 plus $2.50 postage.

Technical Description

The ATLAS consists of eight chapters of text, 39 color plates, plus glossary
and bibliography. The book size is 5^ by 8 inches, or slightly larger than a field
guide. The first five chapters briefly introduce the genus Oliva, discuss morpho-
logical characters, evolutionary history, ecology, and the higher systematics of the
family Olividae. The second chapter on morphology contains a key figure (B) with
"outlines of the shapes of the various subgenera of the genus Oliva." During
identification, the outline of the unknown specimen is to be matched against one of
19 shapes figured, before moving to the discussion of that particular subgenus.

Chapter six discusses zoogeography presenting 32 maps of distributional ranges.
The next chapter is a compendium of Oliva, including both a list of new taxa and one
showing relative abundances of olive species, arranged by subgenera. Chapter eight
is the large systematic discussion, arranged alphabetically. Species are figured
both dorsally and ventrally in color plates placed at the rear of the text. Captions
appear separately. In this review, the authors recognize 144 species, 32 subspecies,
and many color forms. There are 300 taxa with associated names, although the authors
state that named color forms are not taxonomically significant. As part of this
total, the authors contribute ten new subgenera, 28 species and 18 subspecies. In
contrast, Ziegler and Porreca (1969) recognized 57 species and 101 forms while Abbott
and Wagner’s listing in THE STANDARD CATALOG, based on the Burch (1960) list,
recognized 234 species.

Discussion

Although both conspicuous and attractive, the olives of the world (in this case,
Oliva) are often represented in general surveys or regional texts by a few plates and
descriptions of the best known species and color forms. Except for Zeigler and
Porreca 's OLIVE SHELLS OF THE WORLD (1969) most comprehensive surveys date from the

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THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(6) 1987

nineteenth century, like the stupendously illustrated works by Duclos from the 1840s.

As the first significant treatment of this genus in almost 20 years, I approached
this work with considerable anticipation, cognizant of the wealth of new material now
available from throughout the world. However, even as I began to use this work I
became very disappointed and frustrated with its inadequacies. It is not my in-
tention to minimize the valuable information here, or to frivolously dismiss the amount
of work which has been devoted to this complex and problematic group. Instead I
contend that the valuable parts of this ATLAS have been obscured, in some cases
eclipsed, by a combination of poor implementation and a lousy format, flaws which
were needlessly created.

I reviewed this work evaluating its efficiency as an "atlas.” I used a few
hundred lots of olives, about 90% self-collected from a variety of localities,
reexamining and reconciling each lot with the text. Depending on how one judges the
systematics herein, this test collection contained about 70% of the nominal extant
taxa. The results of this exercise are organized as responses to the following
five basic questions.

1. What type of book is this?

This work is clearly not a monograph of the genus (and is not labeled as such) ,
in spite of numerous taxa being described on three different taxonomic levels.

Except for forms new to science, primary type material of known forms is not figured
or adequately discussed. Apart from the study collections at the Smithsonian and
Delaware, it would appear that the authors never consulted other museum collections
but relied only on private holdings. The text is poorly sourced being supported by
only a two page bibliography, which lists 43 citations. There is no discussion or
illustration of the living animal, its anatomy, or radular characters. A very brief
physiological description is included in a two page chapter on ecology.

There is no indication, even in the acknowledgments, that this work was critically
reviewed by any other workers or authorities. The text contains spelling and
grammatical errors, the index is missing entries and some pages have a sloppy format.
This book needed an editor.

Consequently, this work is of limited use to professionals needing source infor-
mation, apart from the new taxa, and may be a real problem for a curator. One must
judge it as an identification manual for the individual shell collector.

2. Is the ATLAS adequately organized as an identification manual?

The physical organization of this book, the placement of species descriptions in
relation to illustrations, maps and other information, is the worst of any malaco-
logical text of modern times. It is a major failure, a "four finger" book requiring
digits to be placed in the index, the illustrations, their captions and the species
descriptions. The reader then must flip back and forth. More fingers are required
to consult maps and their captions since these sit elsewhere. While many books
segregate illustrations from the text, the plates are accompanied by, not isolated
from, captions as is the case here. The decision to arrange the text, figures and
captions in this manner is unfathomable and absolutely inexcusable.

Added difficulty occurs when trying to examine similar forms of a species complex.
Since the taxa are arranged alphabetically, first by subgenus and then internally by
species, similar species are mixed in with other forms, appearing on different pages
and plates. The authors should have rearranged their material to better facilitate
comparative identification, which, after all, is the primary purpose of the text.

3. How adequate are the species descriptions, illustrations and maps?

Looking past the abysmal organization of the book as a whole, the inconsistencies
in the systematic presentation can be criticized. The authors use 19 subgenera, 10
of which are new, to arrange the Oliva. Inexplicably, only the new subgenera are
accompanied by descriptions, the other nine are not. Thus the reader must already
be sufficiently familiar with each of the older subgenera to distinguish their

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THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(6) 1987

morphological features from those of the "new" groups. The chapter on shell
morphology helps in general terms by using 19 drawn outlines, but this remains
inadequate without a written comparative analysis. The authors would have greatly
improved their presentation by using a subgeneric key.

At the specific level, most descriptions are accompanied by a brief discussion,
covering geographic details and a size range. Comparative comments about other
similar taxa are intermittently provided.

The illustrations, the responsibility of the junior author, are only successful
with the larger specimens. The color register appears poor and the contrast muted
on some plates, making it difficult to spot some details. The reproduction is
particularly weak with some of the light-colored specimens. It would have been
interesting to see the original plates to note if quality was lost during publication

Distributional maps, presented in the zoogeographical chapter, show ranges of all
nominal taxa but not all the subspecies proposed. As with the color plates, map
captions do not accompany their subjects.

4. What about the quality of the actual systematics?

How an author taxonomically organizes a group under study is the crux of any
systematic review. The choices made either in applying names or erecting new taxa
are also the aspects most susceptible to subjective reactions of the reader.

From a historical perspective, probably no group of gastropods, excepting the
cones, has been as over identified as the olives. In reviewing the systematic
history of the genus, summarized in Ziegler and Porreca but not mentioned in the
present work, the actual number of recognized valid taxa has fluctuated widely since
the eighteenth century. Lamarck (1811) recognized 62 species, six years later
Dillwyn reduced this to 18; later. Reeve (1850) figured 100 species while Marrat
(1870-71) figured 220. By 1883, Tryon had reduced this number back to 55, and so on.
Obviously this taxonomic instability is nothing new in Oliva , thanks to the extreme
variability inherent in the group. However the reader should be aware of this his-
torical experience and use that perspective when judging the systematics in the
present work, since it is based on the same morphological criteria as earlier studies
ten new subgenera notwithstanding.

With 18 new subspecies, the present ATLAS is easily the best example of
trinomialism since Dautzenberg ' s work (1927). While the use of a subspecific level
is perfectly acceptable, the authors do not follow a consistent definition of what
separates a subspecies from a nominate taxon. Do we assume that a subspecies exists
when a disjunct distribution is an isolating mechanism (a classical definition when
applied properly), or when the specimen differs in some physical characteristic
like size or color? What then is a form?

At this level the authors' work appears to suffer from a lack of information
readily available from public collections. Examples can be cited from both pre-
viously described taxa and the authors' contributions. It is reported that Oliva
aarneola kwaj eleinensis de Motta, 1985 differs from carneola by having two raised
bands (physical difference?). It is implied here that this subspecies is a
Marshallese form with an attenuated range (geographic difference?), although the
text gives one range while the map gives another. Given the extreme variability
of this very common species, it is highly unlikely that a subspecific level is
legitimate, especially since the form is known from other localities. If in the
small holdings of the Santa Barbara Museum there are examples of kwaj eleinensis
from the Philippines, Saipan and Fiji imagine the results from consulting a large
Indo-Pacific study collection.

Other examples of weak arguments are those for the proposed subspecies of Oliva
buloui found in the Solomon Islands. Here the forms, insoripta and stoneorum differ
on the basis of color and physical dimension. They are described as endemic to the
Solomons with type localities about 20 miles apart in the middle of a 1,100 mile
archipelago. The number of specimens examined is not given. The authors state that
both subspecies occur at the southern edge of the range for buloui s.s. and are

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Vol . XIX(6 ) 1987

Discussion

My comments about the LIVING TEREBRA are considerably shorter than those on the
ATLAS OF LIVING OLIVES. The superior nature of this work does not need excess
verbiage to shape a recommendation. Whereas the value of the ATLAS is obscured by a
myriad of deficienceis (and is a collection manager’s nightmare), this monograph is
the epitome of malacological scholarship and can be enjoyed by both the dedicated
amateur and the professional.

The development of this text and its "imminent" arrival had been known by many
for some time. Personally, I stopped cataloging Tevebva three years ago in antici-
pation of this work. When it finally arrived last winter I greedily consumed it,
applying it against every specimen in the house (even ones uncleaned). Unlike my
recent experience with olives, there were no disappointments here; now several similar
appearing taxa can be easily separated, thanks to detailed descriptions and figures.

This work is very definitely a monographic treatment of the Terebridae. The
authors have devoted many years to the effort and have noted in their introduction
that all original descriptions since Linnaeus have been evaluated. They have
traveled to the museums around the world, 24 institutions are cited, to examine and
figure the available types. They have also personally collected taxa in all the
major faunal provinces, using a full spectrum of collecting methods. Each species
description is comprehensively sourced and supported by a detailed bibliography.

Also, unlike the ATLAS OF LIVING OLIVES, the reader is not exposed to a flood of new
terebrid taxa. All species discussed in the present work have been previously
described in recognized, and accessible, journals.

Functionally the text is arranged to easily access both the written descriptions
and their figures. The plates are staggered to allow the text and figures to follow
as closely as possible and usually the species description faces the proper
illustration.

A great asset of the monograph is the use of detailed figures to highlight
diagnostic shell characteristics with either a middle whorl or aperture view shown
in close-up, along with a general ventral aspect. The high quality color plates are
also a great contribution to the work.

As with any large group of mollusks the Tevebva have some species complexes
which are particularly confusing. In most cases these "trouble" spots are handled
very well by the text and detailed figures. In a few instances the reader may re-
main confused when the authors have not comprehensively compared taxa [i.e. species
"A" is different from "B," "B" differs from "C," but how does "A" differ from "C"?],
or have made an indistinct qualitative statement ["A" is "larger" than "B"] . This
latter descriptive approach succeeds when a large sample is available, but not when
the reader has a few sub-adult specimens. The species complexes around Tevebva
tvisevi-ata and undulata can be cited as examples. The use of small scale dichotomous
keys for these complexes would be a possible solution here, a device which
Cernohorsky has used in past studies.

Once again the refrain: should you buy this book? This work is an invaluable
reference guide to the Tevebva and should be in every malacological library. Its
superb execution as a study of this family could prove a stimulus to increased
interest in the Tevebva by collectors. As the successful product of years of
dedication and study, this work can justifiably be a source of great pride to its
authors. An unqualified recommendation.

Vol . XIX(6) 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 54

found in "deeper water." Is this an isolating factor? The fact that they can be
found throughout the Solomons on dark silt substrates along with the nominate form,
is information readily available from local collectors in the region but apparently
not to the authors. Again, a more complete record, and better research of sources
would have greatly improved the strength of the authors' systematic arguments.

A final example, replete with hazards symptomatic of the whole work, has regional
appeal to Panamic collectors. Discussion of the Oliva spioata complex is incor-
porated into a six page essay describing the evolutionary history of the subgenus
Strephona. There are no references here, implying that this is original research.
Shell structure, coloration and geography are used to define the spioata complex
as seven species, five subspecies and several named color forms. Do not expect
many synonyms in this construct. Any coherence in this scheme is obliterated by the
alphabetical positioning of these taxa in with other species of Strephona from other
regions across 30 pages of text and five plates. It is a real mess to sort out and
defeats the value of having an introductory essay in the first place.

Finally an extraneous note: I report, with incredulity, that the authors have

named four new species in honor of a single individual, Leonard C. Hill of Miami
( hitti3 leonardi3 leonardhilli3 and tenhitli) . This must rank as a record of sorts,
certainly within a single genus. Given this richness of "immortality," I hope that
at least one of these taxa might stand the test of time.

5. Should you buy this book?

Although this volume is an example of great potential squandered by an inexusably
poor format and plenty of incomplete scholarship, there is a wealth of information
present. For people who maintain a comprehensive malacological library, this work
must be automatically included. For serious olive collectors this book is required,
for being the most recent source and for the introduction of the taxa. It will be
repeatedly cited and used, is spite of itself.

For general collectors who only have a passing interest in olives I suggest the
general texts already available, thereby avoiding an additional expenditure and
needless aggravation.

LIVING TEREBRAS OF THE WORLD A MONOGRAPH OF THE RECENT TEREBRIDAE OF THE WORLD
By Twila Bratcher and Walter 0. Cernohorsky. 1987.

Published by American Malacologists , P.0. Box 1192, Burlington, MA 01803.

240 pages, color, black and white figures.

Price is $54.95 postpaid.

Technical Description

This work can be divided into a preliminary explanatory section which has a
review of Terebra biology, morphology, ecology, fossil taxa, methods of collecting
and cleaning; and the systematics section, in which the species of four genera:
Terebra3 Eastula3 Uuplioaria3 and Terenella are described. Concluding sections con-
tain a detailed glossary (defining terminology used in the text), a comprehensive
bibliography and an index arranged as an alphabetical list of taxa referenced to
species numbers in the text. Synonyms and nomen dubium are also cross-referenced.

This book is a full-sized 8% by 11 inches.

There are a variety of figures. The first section has 36 line drawings, black
and white photographs or scanning electron micrographs illustrating morphological
terminology, protoconchs and radulae. There are six color plates which include a
living specimen and about 100 taxa. Figures in the systematics section characterize
each of 268 taxa described in the text, mostly by multiple views of primary type
material showing detailed aspects. Illustrations usually face the printed description

Each of the 268 systematic accounts contains a detailed morphological description,
a type locality, species distribution, the status and disposition of the type, and a
discussion section including comparative observations using similar taxa. Species
with similar characteristics and distributions are grouped together to aid comparisons

Vol. XIX(6) 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 56

COMPARISON OF NAQUETIA ANNANDALEI (PRESTON, 1910)

AND NAQUETIA BARCLAY I (REEVE, 1857)

BY

ANTHONY D'ATTILIO and CAROLE M. HERTZ

Department of Marine Invertebrates, San Diego Natural History Museum, Balboa Park,

P.O. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112

ABSTRACT

The shell morphology of Naquetia annandalei (Preston, 1910) and N. bavclayi
(Reeve, 1857) are compared. The holotype of N. annandalei and the lectotype of
N. bavclayi (selected herein) are illustrated. A synonymy for each species based
on previous illustrations is given.

For a number of years there has been considerable discussion and confusion con-
cerning the two Naquetia species annandalei and bavclayi. More recently greater
numbers of N. annandalei have been collected in 75 to 100 meters in the Philippine
Islands and a more comprehensive look at this species and its morphology is possible
as well as a comparison with N. bavclayi.

Naquetia annandalei (Preston, 1910)

Ptevonotus annandalei Preston, 1910, Rec. Indian Mus. 5 : 118-119 , fig. 3

1864. [in 1858-1870]. Muvex tvigonulus Lamarck var.?. Dunker, Novitates
Conch. 2:65-66, pi. 22, figs. 3,4

1966. Naquetia bavclayi (Reeve). D'Attilio, Hawaiian Shell News 14(7) :5,
figs. 1,2

1968. Ptevynotus (Naquetia) annandalei (Preston). E.H. Vokes, J. Conch. 26:304,
pi. 13, figs. 1,2

1973. Muvex (Lativus) bavclayi (Reeve). Leehman, Hawaiian Shell News 21(1) :8,

1 fig.

1976. Naquetia bavclayi (Reeve). Radwin & D’Attilio, Murex Shells of the
World, p. 80, pi. 15, fig. 8

1982. Naquetia annandalei (Preston). Abbott & Dance, Compendium of Seashells
(f rontis . )

1985. Chicoveus (Naquetia) bavclayi (Reeve). Houart, Xenophora 29:8-9,
figs. 1, la, 2,3

Naquetia annandalei described from the type locality "off Gopalpore" in the Bay
of Bengal is fairly common in the Philippine Islands and occasionally in southeastern
Japan. It is obtained in approximately 75 to 100 meters in tangle nets in the
Philippines .

The species was well figured and described by Preston (1910), who noted "its
graceful form combined with the curiously nodulose sculpture." Photographs of the
holotype, courtesy of the Zoological Survey of India, are shown here in Figures 1
and 2. The protoconch of a juvenile specimen (19.9 mm L) in the San Diego
Natural History Museum collection (SDNHM 92119) (Figure 3) has 3^ rounded whorls.

Mature specimens of N. annandalei have approximately eight moderately convex
postnuclear whorls, usually with three weak to strong costae on the body whorl and
a double row of nodes on the shoulder; strongly rioded specimens giving the appearance
of having more costae. The shell of N. annandalei has a long body whorl relative

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THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(6) 1987

to the spire, retaining its
delicate appearance even at
100 mm length. It has a long,
recurved canal and a medium-
large ovate aperture. All
varices have a fluted flange
most prominent at the base
of the body whorl and canal
(Figures 4 and 5). The body
whorl is encircled by
extremely fine, delicately
nodose spiral cords, the
stronger cords sometimes
forming heavier knobs where
they cross the costae, and
others having only the double
row of nodes at the shoulder.
The entire shell is trans-
versely, microscopically
sculptured (Figure 6) ,
giving the shell a sandpaper-
like texture referred to by
Preston as "almost scabrous."

Figure 3. N. annandalei.
Camera lucida drawing of the
protoconch of a 19.9 mm L
specimen (SDNHM 92119) showing
3h rounded whorls.

Locality: Philippines
Donor: Loyal J. Bibbey

Figures 1 and 2. Naquetia annandalei (Preston, 1910).
Holotype (ZSIReg'd. nom. 4708/1, 76.5mm L (per Preston)
Type locality: "Off Gopalpore," Bay of Bengal
Photos courtesy of Dr. N.V. Subba Rao

Figures 4 and 5. N. annandalei 3 96.7 x 44.8 mm
Glass and Foster collection 84-237. Collected by
Philippine fishermen and sold in the markets at Cebu,
Philippine Islands.

Page 59

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(6) 1987

Figures 7 and 8. Naquetia bare lay i (Reeve, 1857), lectotype [B.M.(N.H.) reg.
no. 196277], 83.1 x - 51 ram. Type locality: St. Brandon Shoal, off Mauritius
(7) apertural view (8) dorsal view. Courtesy Trustees of the British Museum (N.H. )

with a robust and globose form. Of the
specimens of N. annandalei examined from
19.9 to 104.9 mm L, all retained a slender
delicate appearance as in Figures 4 and 5.
However the coloring of both species is
similar, and examination of the micro-
sculpture of the type of N. barolayi
(Figure 9) shows considerable similarity
to that of N. annandalei (Figure 6). Camera
lucida drawings of the anal sulci of N.
barolayi and N. annandalei (Figures 10 and
11) are included to show their similarity.
The sulcus in each is deeply notched and
bracketed by a single large node on the
columellar side and a paired node on the
apertural side.

Concluding Remarks

Although we have studied many specimens
of N. annandalei j we have not seen any with
the broad globose body whorl and heavy
appearance of the lectotype of N. barolayi^
and we therefore continue to consider them
as separate taxa. Future collecting may
very well reveal intergrading populations.

Figure 9. N. barolayi. Camera lucida
drawing of detail of sculpture at
apertural edge of body whorl of
lectotype.

Vol . XIX(6) 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 58

Figure 6- Naquetia annandalei 3

camera lucida drawing of detail
of spiral sculpture on body whorl
of specimen shown in Figures 4
and 5 .

Naquetia barclayi (Reeve, 1857)

Murex barclayi Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 207, t>l. 38, figs. 2a, 2b
1969. Murex barclayi Reeve. Dance, Rare Shells, p. 74, pi. 9, figa. a

1973. Murex barclayi Reeve. Harasewych, Hawaiian Shell News 21(4) :4, figs. 1,2

1976. Naquetia barclayi (Reeve). Fair, The Murex Book, p. 24, pi. 14, fig. 172

1982. Naquetia barclayi (Reeve). Abbott & Dance, Compendium of Seashells,

p. 133 (left bottom)

1985. Chicoreus (Naquetia) barclayi (Reeve). Houart, Xenophora 29:9, fig. 4

The original description copied from Proc. Zool. Soc. London for 1857 follows:

"5. Murex barclayi. Mur. testa trigono-ovata 3 canali breviuscula recurva; spira
brevij acuminata ; anfractibus transversim tenuissime serrato-liratis et striatis 3
longitudinaliter trivaricosis3 varicibus basin versus conspicue fimbriato-laminatis3
interstitiis triseriatim tuberculatis et nodatis; rosaceo-alba3 purpurascente et
ferrugineo -cameo tincta et maculata.

Long. 3k poll., lat. 1-3/4 poll.

Hab. St. Brandon Shoal, near Mauritius (thrown on shore after a hurricane)

This very beautiful species is very closely allied to a shell in Mr.

Cuming's collection, which has been attributed by Mr. Sowerby, in his 'Conchological
Illustrations,' to M. trigonulus3 Lamarck. It is also as closely allied to a
shell in the collection of the King of Denmark, which was figured for that species
by myself in the 'Conchologia Iconica. ' From both, however, it is sufficiently
distinct to establish its claim as a new species."

The British Museum (Natural History) syntype [B.M.(N.H.) reg. no. 196277] of
Murex barclayi (Figures 7 and 8), here designated lectotype, is the same colorful
specimen figured by Reeve (1857:209, figs. 2a and 2b). A second syntype collected
by Sir David Barclay at the same time (Dance, 1969) but not mentioned in Reeve (1857),
was figured by Harasewych (1973). This specimen, housed in the Department of Zoology
National Museum of Wales (Trew and Oliver [Rec'd, 1981]) [N.M.W. 155.158.15] is the
poorer of the two and is here designated a paralectotype . No further specimens of
Naquetia barclayi have been reported from the type locality and none have been
collected elsewhere.

Discussion

Naquetia annandalei has often been synonymized with N. barclayi (Reeve, 1857).

To better understand the relationship between N. annandalei and N. barclayi we
borrowed the lectotype of N. barclayi from the British Museum (N.H.) reg. no. 196277
(Figures :7 and 8). It differs from N. annandalei in its more prominent sculpture

Vol . XIX(6) 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 60

T

Figures 10 and 11. Detail drawings of anal sulci in N. barolayi and N. annandalei
(10) N. barolayi3 lectotype (11) N. annandalei- > specimen shown in Figures 4 and 5

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Dr. N.V. Subba Rao of the Zoological Survey of India kindly provided the
photographs of the type of Naquetia annandalei . The trustees of the British Museum
(N.H.) and Ms. Kathie Way generously made the lectotype of Naquetia barolayi
available to us for study and photography.

Study specimens of N. annandalei were made available to us by the following
friends: Mr. Charles Glass and Mr. Robert Foster of Santa Barbara, California; Mr.
Donald Pisor of San Diego, California; and Mr. Loyal J. Bibbey of Imperial Beach,
California .

Mr. David K. Mulliner photographed the lectotype of N. barolayi and a specimen
of N. annandalei. Mrs. Theo Fusby typed the preliminary and final drafts of the
manuscript .

.

. .

FHft

Moll-

ISSN: 0738-9388

Ithe festivus

' y A publication of the San Diego Shell Club
Volume: XIX July 9, 1987 Number: 7

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

Wesley Farmer
Bill Romer
Ginny Herrmann
Barbara Farmer
Margaret Mulliner

FESTIVUS STAFF

Editor Carole M. Hertz

Photographer David K. Mulliner

MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego
Shell Club. Single member: $10.00;
Family membership: $12.00
Overseas (surface mail): $12.00
Address all correspondence to the
San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883
Mt . Blackburn Ave . , San Diego, CA 92111
'Single copies of this issue: $5.00.
Postage is additional.

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
R. Tucker Abbott

American Malacologists 3 Inc.

Eugene Coan

Research Associate

California Academy of Sciences

Anthony D'Attilio

San Diego Natural History Museum

William K. Emerson

American Museum of Natural History

Terrence M. Gosliner

California Academy of Sciences

James H. McLean

Los Angeles County Museum

of Natural History

Barry Roth

Research Associate

University of Calif ornia3 Berkeley

Emily Vokes

Tulane University

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M.
Roo.m 10'4 , Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park

\

The Festivus is published monthly except
December. The publication date appears
on the masthead above.

PROGRAM

N HABITATS IN SAN FELIPE, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO

Joyce Gemmell, longtime Club member who lived in San Felipe for eleven years will
give a slide presentation on the beach areas around San Felipe and the mollusks
found there. She will also show some "This is how it used to be" slides of the
San Felipe area.

Meeting date: 16 July

CONTENTS

Club news 62

Morphology of the spine in two closely related Favartia species:

Favartia (Murexiella) pelepili (D'Attilio & Bertsch, 1980) and F. (M .)
judithae (D'Attilio & Bertsch, 1980)

D'ATTILIO, ANTHONY 63

The genus Oreohelix (Pulmonata: Oreohelicidae) in two western canyons
of the Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming

BEETLE, DOROTHY E 66

A note from R. Tucker Abbott 72

Page 62

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(7) : 1987

CLUB NEWS

FOR YOUR INFORMATION

1) The Club's annual Christmas party will be held on Saturday evening, December 5

at the Admiral Kidd Club. Mark your calendars. There will be further details later.

2) The Club's annual September party needs a garden! If you are willing to host

this outdoor party, please contact either Wes Farmer (576-2143) or Bill Romer (278-2389).

3) The book The Living Cowries has not yet been returned to the Club library. Since
no loan card was signed, please contact Margaret Mulliner (488-2701) if you have

the book.

NEW MEMBERS

Chaney, Barbara, 1633 Posilipo Lane, Santa Barbara, CA 93108

Wu, Shi-Kuei, University of Colorado, Campus Box 315, Boulder, CO 80309

CHANGES OF ADDRESS

Everson, Gene, 500 Nottingham Parkway, Louisville, KY 40222
Farmer, Wesley, 3591 Ruffin Road #226, San Diego, CA 92116, 576-2143

TOO LATE FOR THE ROSTER

Squires, Richard L. , 26800 Espuma Drive, Saugus, CA 91350

FROM THE MINUTES - SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB MEETING - JUNE 18, 1987

Philip Faulconer gave an excellent presentation on diving the Northern Cook
Islands. The slide presentation was accompanied by a soundtrack of music played
by the islanders. We also learned of the Faulconer 's adventure with a not so
gracious captain on their trip though the islands.

After the break, the slides from the Club Christmas party and Auction were
shown by Dave Mulliner followed by another short slide presentation by the
Faulconers. The entire meeting was enjoyed by an unusually large audience.

Once again outstanding bills from the Club auction should be given or sent
to Margaret Mulliner. The Botanical Garden Foundation's annual plant sale was a
success, thanks to all those who donated plants.

The door prize was won by the Faulconers and the cookies were provided by
the Mulliners.

Ian Hamilton, Acting Recording Secretary
BACK ISSUES OF THE FESTIVUS ARE AVAILABLE

1985-1987— $10.00 per year
1983-1984 — $8.00 per year

1971-1982— $6.00 per year (1971, 1972, 1977, 1978 have some issues xeroxed)

1978 includes George E. Radwin Memorial Issue, 15 pp., 20 figs., includes
bibliography of work of G.E. Radwin

includes A Catalogue of Coralliophilidae by A. D'Attilio, pp. 69-85 (xerox)

1980 includes Seastar Predation on Mollusks in the San Felipe Bay Area by
Gemmell, Hertz & Myers, 32 pp., 51 figs.

1983 Supplement: Illustration of the types named by S.S. Berry in his "Leaflets in
Malacology." by C.M. Hertz, 42 pp., 92 figs. $6.00 domestic,

$6.50 overseas surface mail

1986 Supplement: A faunal study of the bivalves of San Felipe and Environs... by
Gemmell, Myers & Hertz, 72 pp., 79 figs. + maps, $8.75 domestic,

$9.25 overseas surface mail

Vol . XIX(7) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 63

MORPHOLOGY OF THE SPINE IN TWO CLOSELY RELATED FAVARTIA SPECIES:
FAVARTIA (MUREXIELLA) PELEPILI ( D ' ATT I L 1 0 & BERTSCH, 1980) AND
F. (M.) JUDITHAE (D'ATTILIO & BERTSCH, 1980)

BY

ANTHONY D'ATTILIO

Department of Marine Invertebrates, San Diego Natural History Museum, Balboa Park,

P.O. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112

The proliferation of newly described species of iavavtia s.s. and its subgenus
Muvexiella in recent years has made it necessary to study the shell characters re-
vealed under high magnification as well as the gross morphology. The illustrations
provided herein were made using a camera lucida attachment to a Wild microscope.

The two species under consideration here were proposed as Ezvavtia pelepili and
F. judithae both of D'Attilio and Bertsch, 1980. Ponder (1972) submerged the genus
Muvexiella Clench & Perez Farfante, 1945 as a subgenus of Favavtia. I am following
Ponder in placing these species in Favavtia subgenus Muvexiella . As stated in
D'Attilio and Bertsch (1980), species that have long spines connected by varical
webbing fall into Muvexiella and the spine formation of these two species is
distinctive, permitting the use of this parameter for species identification.

In F. (M .) judithae (Figure la-b) the inward side of the spines is folded but
not closed and the edges of both sides of the spines are strongly and regularly
undulate (Figure 2). There are 2 to 3 tiers of spines forming a flange on the
varical swelling. The major spines are broad and intercalated with smaller versions
of the same character. The uppermost tier of spines is strongly recurved.

F. (M .) pelepili (Figure 3a-c) has a varical flange which differs from F. (M .)
judithae in that the forward side of the spines may be open or closed but not
undulate (Figure 4a-b) ; they are longer, more widely spaced and distally branching
like antlers. The tiered effect of the flange is less prominent since the two
lower tiers of spines are more poorly developed than in F. (M J judithae. In
F. (M .) pelepili the shoulder spines may be very prominently elongated diagonally
and posteriorly to the axis as seen in Figure 3c.

Literature Cited

D'ATTILIO, ANTHONY & HANS BERTSCH

1980. Four species of Ftevynotus and Favavtia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Muricidae)
from the Philippine Islands. Trans. S.D. Soc. Nat. Hist. 19 (12) : 169-179 .
PONDER, WINSTON F.

1972 Notes on some Australian genera and species of the family Muricidae.

Jour. Malac. Soc. Aust. 2 (3) : 215-248 .

Page 64

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Vol . XIX(7) : 1987

Figure 1. Fdvartia (Murexiella) judithae (D'Attilio & Bertsch, 1980)
Holotype (SDNHM 88143 [T.S. 521]. Length: 25 mm. (a) dorsal view
(b) apertural view. From D’Attilio & Bertsch (1980).

Figure 2. F. (M .) judithae 3 detail of apertural varix of holotype
showing the undulate nature of the spines.

Vol . XIX(7 ) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 65

Figure 3. Favartia (Murexiella) pelep-ili (D'Attilio & Bertsch, 1980), (a & b) holotyp
(SDNHM 91336 [T.S. 519]), dorsal and apertural views. Length: 31 mm (c) paratype
(SDNHM 91337 [T.S. 520]), dorsal view. Length: 18 mm

Figure 4. F. (M .) pelepiH 3 details of varical flange and spines of holotype.
(a) long widely spaced spines of uppermost tier (b) lower tiers of spines
(c) elongate spines, branched distally, diagonal and posterior to the axis

Page 66

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(7) : 1987

THE GENUS OREOHELIX (PULMONATA: OREOHEL I C I DAE ) IN TWO WESTERN CANYONS
OF THE BIG HORN MOUNTAINS, WYOMING

BY

DOROTHY E. BEETLE

2631 Shadow Court, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80525

Oreohelix was collected by the author in July of 1956, 1957 and 1958 in Ten
Sleep and Shell Canyons during a survey of mollusks inhabiting the Big Horn Mountains.
These canyons and their tributaries were collected in earlier years by Don W. Walker
and Junius Henderson. 0. pygmaea was described by H.A. Pilsbry from material collected
by Walker in White Creek, a tributary of Shell Canyon. 0. pygmaea maoulata and 0.
subrudis obseura were collected and described by Henderson from shells found in Shell
and White Creek Canyons. 0. yavapai extremitatis was collected by both Walker and
Henderson in several locations from Shell Canyon. In all, eight species and subspecies
or forms have been described from or reported as inhabiting the canyons.

A study of the banding patterns, coloration and height/diameter ratio of Oreohelix
colonies collected in 1985 and previously, including material in the University of
Colorado Museum at Boulder, suggested some of the names should be placed in synonymy.

Description of the Study Area

The Big Horn Mountains curve through north central Wyoming in a north to south
direction, gradually decreasing in height at either end. The range averages 40 to 60
miles in width and rises to high peaks of which Cloud's Peak is the tallest at an
elevation of 13,165 feet. The high country has extensive exposures of granitic rock
where glaciation and erosion have removed the sedimentary overlay. For more than 200
miles both the eastern and western slopes of the Big Horns are faced by predominantly
sedimentary escarpments that rise abruptly over 1,000 feet. The escarpments have been
carved by creeks into a myriad of short steep canyons, particularly on the western
side. Two major western canyons are Ten Sleep Canyon in Washakie County and Shell
Canyon in Big Horn County.

Ten Sleep Canyon rises from the Big Horn Basin five miles east of Ten Sleep.

From the entrance of the canyon to its head, the elevation rises from 4,500 to 7,500
feet. Its steep slopes and vertical cliffs have been cut by Ten Sleep Creek, a
narrow precipitous watercourse. U.S. Highway 16 winds up the canyon some 10 miles.

Shell Canyon is approximately 40 miles north of Ten Sleep Canyon. Like Ten
Sleep Canyon, it rises from the Big Horn Basin. Shell Creek drops through the canyon
from a height of approximately 7,500 feet at its junction with Cabin Creek. Above
this point Shell Creek, like Ten Sleep Creek, becomes a rather placid mountain stream
draining small lakes and swampy areas in the high country. U.S. Highway 14 winds
along the canyon wall.

The two canyons are similar in topography, geological formation and plant
associations. They receive little moisture in the form of rain or snow: Ten Sleep
Canyon averages slightly over 8 inches a year and Shell Canyon 6.5 inches. Extremes
of temperature occur: summer days can be hot, the nights cool and winters may be severe.

Where it is possible for plants to gain a foothold along the narrow creek banks,
there are sparse stands of narrow leaf cottonwood ( Populus angustifolia) and juniper
(Juniperus virginiana scopularum) . Where the bottom widens, as at the junction of
Leigh and Ten Sleep Canyons, river birch (Betula oooidentalis) , chokecherry (Prunus
virginiana ), Rocky Mountain maple (Acer glabrum) , rose ( Rosa sp) and service berry
( Amelanchier alnifolia) appear.

Vol . XIX(7) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 67

The steep slopes of the canyon have scattered mountain mahogany (Cerooearpus
montanus) 3 squawbush ( thus trilobata) 3 big sagebrush (Artemesia tridentata) 3 as well
as juniper, yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa) and white pine (Pinus flexilis). The latter,
with Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) 3 covers shaded and north facing slopes. An
occasional spring or seep welling from the cliff base is surrounded by aspen (Populus
tremuloides) . Aspen groves and moist meadows grow at the head of each canyon.

Materials and Methods

The last week of May 1985, Stephan L. Welty and I collected Oreohelix in Ten
Sleep and Shell Canyons from their mouths at approximately 4,500 feet to the top of
the escarpment at some 7,500 feet. Populations were sampled at creek side, on the
steep slopes, at the base of cliffs and in aspen groves at the canyon heads.

Oreohelix was found in isolated colonies wherever suitable habitat existed. Rock
faces, talus slopes, single large boulders perched on the slopes, a large fallen
cottonwood tree caught two feet above the ground, sparse leaf litter along the creek,
groves surrounding springs, all provided suitable habitat. Mollusks associated with
Oreohelix , vegetation, rock type, exposure and elevation were noted for each colony.

The height and diameter of each shell was
measured by vernier calipers and the height/
diameter (H/D) ratio and mean of the diameters
per colony calculated.

The banding pattern of 1,784 individuals
from 54 colonies, including dead shells in the
immediate vicinity of a colony, was recorded.

The bands were numbered 1-8. Band 1, when
present, is a wide light brown band immediately
below the suture. Band 2 lies above the peri-
phery and Band 3 at or just below the periphery.

Bands 4-8 occur on the base of the shell and
may be absent, faint, interrupted or fused.

See Figure 1.

A description of the species collected and
relevant synonymy is provided. Details of
banding pattern, measurement and habitat are
given. Figure 1. Banding pattern in Oreohelix

Descriptions of the Species

Oreohelix pygmaea Pilsbry

Oreohelix pygmaea Pilsbry, 1913:52, pi. 3,
figs. 10-12

0. strigosa berryi Pilsbry, 1915:48
0. pygmaea maoulata Henderson, 1918:45-47

The shell of Oreohelix pygmaea is small,
high spired, with convex whorls sculptured
with irregular axial striae and some im-
pressed spiral striae. Embryonic whorls are
dark brown and finely striated. Shells of
4^-5% whorls had diameters of 8.4-15.0 mm and
heights of 5.8-14.1 mm. Tbe umbilicus is
deep and only 1/8-1/6 the shell diameter.

Oveohelix strigosa berryi Pilsbry, 1915,
represents the smallest shells of 0. pygmaea.
Collections from Johnson County, Wyoming near
the Tyrell Ranger Station and material in the
U.C. Museum from Yellowstone National Park
had diameters of 7. 6-9.5 mm and heights of

1913 (Figure 2)

Figure 2. Oreohelix pygmaea Pilsbry, 1913

Page 68

THE FESTIVUS

Vol. XIX(7 ) : 1987

4. 9-7. 4 mm. Other than size, the shells are as in the species.

Oreohelix pygmaea maculata Henderson, 1918, is merely a dark phase of 0. pygmaea.

Oreohelix subrudis (Pfeiffer in Reeve, 1854) (Figure 3)

Helix subrudis Pfeiffer in Reeve, 1854: pi. 198, figs. 1390a, b
Oreohelix subrudis obscura Henderson, 1918:46

Oreohelix subrudis is a high
spired shell with moderately con-
vex rather roughly striate whorls;
embryonic whorls dark brown.

Ground color of the shell is
whitish, usually with two brown
bands. Umbilicus is nearly 1/3
the shell diameter. Diameter of
shells with 4^-5^ whorls was
13.0-21.7 mm; heights were 8.2-
16 . 8 mm.

Oreohelix subrudis obscura

Henderson, 1918, is a dark phase
of the species.

Figure 3. Oreohelix subrudis (Pfeiffer in Reeve, 1854)

Oreohelix yavapai extremitatis Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1911 (Figure 4)

Oreohelix yavapai extremitatis Pilsbry &
0. yavapai magnicomu Pilsbry, 1916:141

Ferriss, 1911:184, pi. 12, figs. 15-21

0. carinifera Beetle, 1961:96; non 0.

Oreohelix yavapai extremitatis

is a low spired shell with at least
the first half of the body whorl
acutely carinate. Embryonic whorls
are a light tan flesh color;
subsequent whorls have a pale tan
luster. Diameters of shells with
4^-5^ whorls were 12.7-20.8 mm and
heights were 5.1-12.0 mm. The
umbilicus is wide, 1/4-1/ 3 the shell
diameter .

Shells with the greatest dia-
meter generally have the last half
of the body whorl rounded to the
aperture. Those attributed to
0. yavapai magnicomu Pilsbry, 1916,
are represented by these large
robust shells with convex whorls.

0. carinifera Beetle, 1961 is a
misidentif ication based on strongly
carinate shells.

carinifera Pilsbry, 1912:89

Figure 4. Oreohelix yavapai extremitatis

Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1911

Results

1. Banding. Table 1 summarizes the banding pattern of the three species. One or
two narrow brown bands on the upper surface of the shell is a prevalent pattern. The

Vol . XIX(7 ) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 69

base often lacks bands but may display multiple fine lines or a single wide band.

Of the 784 shells of Oveohelix pygmaea examined, the embryonic whorls were dark
brown, except for 29 unbanded ones; 28 of these were opaque white and one entirely
a pale yellow. Most shells have bands 1-3. In the dark brown phase, the base is
frequently a solid chocolate brown below band 3 to the umbilicus.

The embryonic whorls of 526 Oveohelix subvudis were brown except for 20 unbanded
ones that were all white. Bands 2 and 3 are usually the darkest. Bands 4-8 are fine
basal lines present in some specimens. No shells had the chocolate brown base seen in
0. pygmaea. Of 19 colonies, 5 were exclusively dark brown shells; 5 a mix of all
brown or white shells with varied banding patterns and 9 with only the whitish ground
and various combinations of bands.

Shells of Oveohelix yavapai extvemitatis are distinctive with embryonic whorls
a tan flesh color and subsequent whorls with a pale tan luster. The banding pattern
is quite uniform. Of 424 shells, only one had bands on the base. Band 3 is always
the darkest when present. The shells are not invariably 2-banded. Fifty-nine shells,
of a yellowish ground color, lacked bands entirely. Four colonies had some shells
with flammulate streaking in addition to bands.

Table 1 shows that 37.37% of the shells of Oveohelix pygmaea with bands on the
upper surface lacked basal bands and a nearly equal number, 36.48%, had basal bands.

Of 0. subvudis 3 42.21% with bands on the upper surface lacked basal bands and 26.61%
had bands. Except for one shell, all 0. yavapai extvemitatis lacked basal bands.

0. pygmaea had a smaller percentage (8.5%) of all brown shells than 0. subvudis (27.0%).

2. Height and Diameter Comparisons. Shells from 54 colonies of Oveohelix were
examined. From this the height/diameter (H/D) ratio and mean diameter per colony
were calculated. See Table 2.

In a few colonies the largest shells of Oveohelix pygmaea overlapped the diameter
of small specimens of 0. subvudis3 but the former could be separated by the greater
convexity of the whorls, the impressed spiral striae and small umbilicus. 0. subvudis
and 0. yavapai extvemitatis share nearly the same range of diameters, but the low
spire, carinate whorls and shell luster of the latter separate them. Figure 5 shows
that the three species can be separated by the H/D ratio clearly into distinct species.

Thirteen shells of Oveohelix pygmaea had apertures descending in front, resulting
in abnormally high-spired shells. One shell of 0. subvudis had a steeply descending
front with the beginning of open coiling.

3. Habitat. In Wyoming, Oveohelix pygmaea3 with one exception, has been found only
in the Big Horn Mountains. It occupies some habitats favored by 0. subvudis. It was
found alive at 10 stations at the base of sedimentary cliffs, in talus and on the
steep slopes, primarily under juniper, squawbush and mountain mahogany. It occurred
in cottonwood along the river four times. It was present six times in more moist
situations of aspen or willow groves, and once under conifers and shrubs along
Leigh Creek.

Oveohelix subvudis is the most common species in the study area and, indeed, in
Wyoming. It can be found along river banks, both in sparse cottonwood stands or in
deep humus of deciduous trees, in aspen, mixed coniferous woods, under sagebrush and
other shrubs, on steep slopes under talus and at the base of cliffs. Among 19
colonies, 10 occurred on the steep slopes, in talus and up to the base of cliffs;
three in cottonwoods at streamside and two in damp situations under shrubs and conifers
and four in aspen.

Oveohelix yavapai extvemitatis occupies the driest habitats of the three species.
Thirteen colonies occurred at the base of cliffs, in talus or on the steep slopes.

Only one colony was found in cottonwoods at the stream.

Discussion

Shells of some species of Oveohelix offer a puzzling variation as well as simi-
larity. Live collected shells are often a dull opaque white with two brown bands,
although bands may be lacking or accessory bands be present. 0. yavapai extvemitatis

Table 1.

Banding patterns of three Oreohelix species. Bands 1-2 lie on upper surface of the whorl.
Band 3 is at or just below the periphery. Bands 4-8 are on the base of the whorl.

Total of Base all brown below

shells and No basal lines, 4-8 With basal lines, 4-8 Shell all Band 3 to umbilicus

Species percent 1-2-3 0-2-3 0-0-3 0-0-0 1-2-3 0-2-3 0-0-3 0-0-0 brown 1-2-3 0-2-3 0-0-3

0. pygmaea 784

100%

49 83 161

6.25 10.59 20.53

24 177 23

3.06 22.58 2.93

86 5 67

10.97 0.64 8.54

45 38 26

5.74 4.85 3.32

0. subrudis 526

100%

155 60 7 20

29.47 11.41 1.33 3.8

132 8 0

25.09 1.52 0

2 142

0.38 27.0

0 0 0
0 0 0

0. yavapai 424

extremitatis 100%

32 245 87 59

7.55 57.78 20.52 13.91

0 10

0 0.24 0

0

0

0

0

0 0
0 0

0

0

Table 2. Dimensions of three Oreohelix species in Ten Sleep and Shell Canyons — all shells 4*s to 5\ whorls.

Number of Range of individual Range of individual Mean diameter per

Species colonies shell heights in mm shell diameters in mm colony in ram H/D ratio

0. pygmaea 21

0. subrudis 19

0. yavapai
extremitatis 14

5.8-14.1

8.2-16.8

8.4-15.0

13.0-21.7

9.4-13.1

14.6-20.3

0.67-0.81

0.69-0.81

Vol. XIX(7) : 1987

Table 1. Banding patterns of three Oreohelix species. Bands 1-2 lie on upper surface of the whorl.
Band 3 is at or just below the periphery. Bands 4-8 are on the base of the whorl.

THE

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THE FESTIVUS

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Page 72

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(7) : 1987

had the most uniform banding pattern of the three species. Banding is not regarded
as a significant character. Albinos appeared as well as a melanistic phase.

Within a single colony, particularly of Oreohelix pygmaea and 0. subrudis, shells
can vary widely in diameter, height of spire, convexity of whorls and width of
umbilicus. Extremes within a colony could be designated as different species or sub-
species, yet a series of shells can be selected leading from one to the other. Each
colony tended to have a prevalent appearance distinct from other colonies. Isolation
of colonies would perpetuate differences. Individuals of one species were not found
living in colonies with another species.

Variation in shell diameter and height between colonies of the same species
probably indicates differences in environmental conditions of moisture and nutrition.
Both height and diameter of shells were greater in comparatively moist situations
than in exposed ones.

Summation of differences in the height/diameter ratio and shell characters of
embryonic whorls, umbilicus and ornamentation indicates only three species ( Oreohelix
pygmaea 3 0. subrudis and 0. yavapai extremitatis) occur in Ten Sleep and Shell Canyons.
Other species, subspecies or forms previously reported are not distinguishable or are
errors of identification.

Acknowledgments

Grateful thanks are extended to Dr. Shi-Kuei Wu for his comments in preparation
of this paper and to Stephan L. Welty who assisted in fieldwork. Richard E.
Pillmore, my husband, prepared Figure 5 and the photographs.

Literature Cited

BEETLE, D.E.

1961. Mollusca of the Big Horn Mountains. Nautilus 74 (3) : 95-102 .

HENDERSON, J.A.

1918. A mollusk hunt in Wyoming. Nautilus 32(2) :45— 47.

PILSBRY, H.A.

1905. Mollusca of the southwestern states, I: Urocoptidae; Helicidae of Arizona
and New Mexico. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 57:221-290.

1912. A new Oreohelix from Montana. Nautilus 26(2) : 89 .

1913. Notes on some Oreohelices from Wyoming. Nautilus 27(1) :52.

1915. A new subspecies of Oreohelix eooperi. Nautilus 29(4): 48.

1916. On some ill understood Oreohelices. Nautilus 29(12) :141.

1939. Land Mollusca of North America, north of Mexico. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phila. Monograph 3. 1 (1) : 412-533 .

PILSBRY, H.A. and J.H. FERRISS

1911. Mollusca of the southwestern states, V: the Grand Canyon and northern
Arizona. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 63:174-199.

REEVE, L. A.

1854. Conchologia Iconica. 7, pi. 198, figs. 1390a, b.

A NOTE FROM R. TUCKER ABBOTT

Tom Stewart, an enthusiastic SCUBA diver in our Astronaut Trail Shell Club, has
been collecting a new species of Cyclotheea, a genus new to the Atlantic, from the
outer shells of living Spondylus ameriaanus. It is a new species, but we hear that
it is being described elsewhere. No males have been found, as yet. I have been
working on its variation and anatomy.

Moll

ISSN: 0738-9388

Volume: XIX

/ / n

if \

( mM'&o f

THE FESTI VUS

A publication of the San Diego Shell Club

August 13, 1987

Number: 8

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

Wesley Farmer
Bill Romer
Ginny Herrmann
Barbara Farmer
Margaret Mulliner

FESTIVUS STAFF

Editor Carole M. Hertz

Photographer David K. Mulliner

MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego
Shell Club. Single member: $10.00;
Family membership: $12.00
Overseas (surface mail): $12.00
Address all correspondence to the
San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883
Mt . Blackburn Ave . , San Diego, CA 92111
Single copies of this issue: $3.00.
Postage is additional.

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M.
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
R. Tucker Abbott

American Malacologists > Inc.

Eugene Coan

Research Associate

California Academy of Sciences

Anthony D’Attilio

San Diego Natural History Museum

William K. Emerson

American Museum of Natural History

Terrence M. Gosliner

California Academy of Sciences

James H. McLean

Los Angeles County Museum

of Natural History

Barry Roth

Research Associate

University of California , Berkeley

Emily Vokes

Tulane University

The Festivus is published monthly except
December. The publication date appears
on the masthead above.

PROGRAM

RARE AND STRANGE COWRIE RADULAE

Hugh Bradner, Club member who has spent much time studying cowries and their
radulae, will give this slide presentation.

A display of shells from Samoa will be presented by the new Mr. and Mrs. Adrian
Valli who collected them on their recent honeymoon trip.

Slides of the recent WSM meeting taken by Dave Mulliner will also be shown.

A multiple shell drawing will follow the business meeting (see page 82).

Meeting date: 20 August 1987

CONTENTS

Changes at the San Diego Natural History Museum 74

Comparisons between John Earle’s Easter Island cowrie and

Cypraea cernica Sowerby, 1870

BRADNER, HUGH 75

Reports on two national meetings

HERTZ, JULES (on WSM) AND BILLEE L. BROWN (on COA) 80

Club news 81

Page 74

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(8) : 1987

CHANGES AT THE SAN DIEGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

The San Diego Natural History Museum has announced the hiring of Dr. Richard C.
Brusca, of the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, who will take the newly
created Joshua L. Baily Chair as Curator of Marine Invertebrates. The announcement
indicated that this has been made possible by the Joshua L. Baily estate. In addition,
the Museum has agreed, at Dr. Brusca's request, to provide a full-time permanent,
salaried collections manager for the Marine Invertebrates Department. These events
have resulted in the phasing out of all part-time paid employees in Marine
Invertebrates. The initial phase was the termination of Curatorial Assistants Carole
M. Hertz and Barbara W. Myers and Secretary Theo H. Fusby as part-time paid employees
effective July 1, 1987. The second step is the elimination of Anthony D'Attilio's
part-time position at the Museum effective October 1, 1987. Anthony D'Attilio joined
the Museum as a part-time employee in 1969 during the tenure of Dr. George E. Radwin
and has been Acting Curator of the Department for a number of years. Mr. D'Attilio
and his associates have been encouraged to continue to utilize the Museum's facilities
in an informal and purely research capacity.

Dr. Brusca, who has written extensively on the invertebrate faunas of the eastern
Pacific and whose primary area of expertise is in marine isopods, assumes official
responsibility for the Department on September 1, 1987. Since more than 99 percent of
the Department's current collection is molluscan, it is hoped that the Museum and Dr.
Brusca will see fit to hire a malacologist as the collection manager.

The changes at the SDNHM are of great concern to all U.S. malacologists and have
prompted resolutions from the major malacological organizations in this country —
the American Malacological Union and the Western Society <pf Malacologists. Copies of
these resolutions with the letters sent were received by The Festivus. They are
printed below with the resolutions enclosed in quotation marks.

NEWS RELEASE FROM R. TUCKER ABBOTT

Outraged and dismayed at the emasculation of mollusk facilities belonging to the
San Diego Natural History Museum, despite recent large benevolent gifts, the members
of the Americal Malacological Union voted at their July annual meeting in Key West to
send the following petition to the San Diego Museum's Board of Trustees:

"Whereas the Americal Malacological Union, a 56-year old society of over 600
professional and private malacologists, is concerned about the welfare of its
science and the centers of malacology research in the Americas, and

Whereas the San Diego Society of Natural History and its Museum of Natural
History have been a major center for mollusk collections and malacological research
for the last 75 years, and

Whereas major contributions in collections and funds by Herbert N. Lowe, E.P.
Chace, A.M. Strong, Joshua L. Baily Jr., and others have made possible San Diego's
continuing leadership in this major taxonomic field, particularly vital to the
development of Pacific Coast science,

We, the members of the American Malacological Union respectfully request that
the Board of Trustees continue to support malacology by staffing their museum with
a professional Ph.D. malacologist well versed in the modern methods of the taxonomy,
systematics, biology and collection curation of mollusks. "

FROM KIRSTIE KAISER, SECRETARY OF THE WESTERN SOCIETY OF MALACOLOGISTS

"The Western Society of Malacologists regrets the decision of the San Diego
Natural History Museum to terminate their longstanding program of molluscan research
by allocating the Joshua L. Baily Fund revenue to support non-molluscan research in the
Department of Marine Invertebrates."

It is our sincere hope that in the coming weeks you will consider a malacologist
for Collections Manager in the Marine Invertebrate Department.

Vol. XIX(8) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 75

COMPARISONS BETWEEN JOHN EARLE'S EASTER ISLAND COWRIE
AND CYPRAEA CERNICA SOWERBY, 1370

BY

HUGH BRADNER

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093

John Earle has reported finding a new Cypraea at SCUBA depths off Easter Island
(Hawaiian Shell News 33:1, Jan. 1986). He notes that it has many affinities to
Cypraea oemiea and suggests that it may well turn out to be C. oemiea. I report
here on comparisons between 13 specimens of the Easter Island cowrie and several
dozen ordinary C. oemiea from La Reunion (See Table I) .

C. oemiea is not a common species; but it has been found in Hawaii, throughout
the warm waters of the Central and Western Pacific, and in the Indian Ocean. However,
it had not previously been reported from Easter Island. Local oceanic currents and
large distances seem to have isolated that island so that the only other two species
of Cypraea there {C. eaputdraconis Melvill, 1888 and C. englerti Summers & Burgess,
1965) have evolved with very different features than their progenitors. Easter
Island and its companion Sala y Gomez are recognized as regions of higher endemicity
than any other island or island group in the Indo-Pacific region. (See Rehder,

Harald A. , 1980, "The Marine Mollusks of Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) and Sala y
Gomez," Smiths. Contrib. Zool. 289, 167 pp., 14 pis.)

Earle's cowries cannot be separated from C. oemiea by shell markings or shape:
both have consistent small suffused white spots, white base and dorsal ring of
discrete dark brown spots. Both have deltoid shape. The first Easter Island specimen
that I examined had coarser teeth than one from La Reunion in the Indian Ocean. How-
ever, when all 13 were compared with 54 C. oemiea , there was not a significant
difference in tooth count. Figure 1 shows histograms of reduced labial tooth count
for the two populations obtained by the method of Cernohorsky/Schilder (Walter 0.
Cernohorsky, MARINE SHELLS OF THE PACIFIC, Revised Ed., Pacific Publ. 1971,. p. 62)
Reduced counts, rather than acutal counts or optical comparison, are necessary because
of the nonlinear relation between number of teeth and length of shell. The number of
specimens from Easter Island is too small to justify a mathematical statement of
likelihood, but it is evident that the two histograms do not indicate any clear
difference in coarseness of teeth of the two populations. (For readers who are
interested in statistics, relevant numbers are shown in Table 2.)

Earle notes that the mantles of his Easter Island specimens are mottled brown
and cream, different from the Hawaiian C. oemiea 3 but Burgess (Burgess, C.M., 1985,
COWRIES OF THE WORLD, Seacomber Pub., 289 pp.) emphasizes that mantle color is of no
specific importance for this species.

Scanning electron microscope photographs were made of radulae from three of the
Easter Island specimens and two specimens of C. oemiea from La Reunion. Photos of
each specimen were taken from three different directions in order to look at details
of tooth shapes. The first direction is looking directly down at the radula, as is
customary for light microscope photos. The second direction is a low angle view, 60
degrees from vertical, looking directly into the teeth. The third direction is at
this same low angle, but looking diagonally at about 45 degrees to the ribbon, so
that tooth profiles can be studied. Representative pairs of views are shown in the
figures. In Figure 2, Easter Island specimen S2 is seen to be similar to C. oemiea
specimen Ull except for, perhaps, elongated tips of the submarginal teeth. Figures
3 and 4 show that the apparent difference can be a result of the teeth being more
erect in specimen S2. Figures 3 and 4 compare other specimens from Easter Island
vs. C. oemiea. I show only three of the possible pairings because all specimens

LABIAL TOOTH COUNTS VS SHELL LENGTH

Page 76

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(8) : 1987

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Vol . XIX(8) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 77

2E

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□ (54) Cyyraea aemioa

4. (13) Easter Is. Cyipvaea

17 19

REDUCED LABIAL TOOTH COUNT

23

Fig. 1. Histograms of reduced labial tooth count

TABLE 2

STATISTICAL COMPARISON OF LABIAL TOOTH COUNTS

Mean

Std. Deviation

Variance

Median

Easter Is. C. aemioa

specimens specimens

16.8 17.7

1.48 1.27

2.19 1.62

17 18

were so similar. Judging from these 5 specimens, C. aemioa should be classed
among the cowrie species that have very little radular variation.

Unless detailed reports of anatomy, or optical microscope tooth studies of basal
bracts, show consistent differences between the Easter Island cowrie and C. aemioa 3
I conclude that they should not be considered different species. There remains the
interesting question of why this species is so stable that it has remained unchanged,
while the other two Easter Island cowries have evolved, during long isolation, into
such different species.

I am particularly indebted to John Earle and Dr. Maurice Jay for furnishing
specimens, and to Dr. C.M. Burgess for helping me make tooth counts on his collection
of C. aemioa. The work was supported by a grant from the Foundation For Ocean
Research.

Page 78

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(8) : 1987

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Figure 3. (a) Radula of C. "oemi-oa^ " spec. 1 from Easter Is., X150. (b) C. oevnioa^ spec. T1 from La Reunion, X200.

Vol . XIX (8) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 79

Figure 4. (a) C. "eemiectj " spec. 2, from Easter Is., X250.

(b) C. cevni,ca3 spec. Ull from La Reunion. X250.

REPORTS ON TWO NATIONAL MEETINGS

FROM THE WSM MEETING

The Western Society of Malacologists (WSM) held their 20th annual meeting at
San Diego State University, San Diego, California from June 21-25, 1987. More than
75 people attended portions of the technical sessions and/or social events. A wine
and cheese reception hosted by the San Diego Shell Club started the meeting off on
a very pleasant note and there was enough wine and cheese left over for additional
servings the next two evenings. Following the first evening’s reception was a
viewing of slides brought by many of the attendees. Of particular interest were
those brought by Joyce Gemmell showing the San Felipe, Baja California area in the
1960s and the road to Gonzaga Bay.

During the next three days, we were privileged to hear many excellent technical
papers, review some beautifully prepared exhibits, and get a first hand review of a
computer database on marine bivalve mollusks of the world. The latter prepared by
Karl W. Flessa and David Jablonski illustrated rapid retrieval of information on
geographic distribution of families and genera, number of genera and species within
regions, faunal lists, etc. To me and many others who attended the WSM, the high-
lights of the technical meeting were the two symposia, i.e. (1) Northern Gulf of
California: its Molluscan Distributions, Physical Oceanography and Geologic History
of the Past 10-12 Million Years organized by Judith Terry Smith and (2) Molluscan
Aquaculture organized by David L. Leighton. The latter was a completely new subject
for WSM and I heard many comments on how impressive the presentations were and how it
is a subject that WSM should continue to cover in future meetings.

The social events were equally impressive. An "Underwater Night" slide show was
arranged by San Diego Shell Club member Richard Herrmann and featured slides taken by
three prominent underwater photographers. The 1^ hour show was truly marvelous with
beautiful slides of mollusks, fish, corals, kelp forest, etc. The third night was
a very successful shell and book auction which raised approximately $1100. , and the
last night we had a well attended banquet at the San Diego Natural History Museum.

The banquet started with a cocktail reception during which time attendees could visit
the Departments of Marine Invertebrates and Paleontology. Those departments were
specially opened so that attendees could talk to the curators and view the collections.
The banquet followed with an exceptionally fine catered dinner and then we all went
to the museum auditorium where we were introduced to the banquet speaker. Dr. George
Somero, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California. Dr. Somero gave
a truly outstanding presentation, "Mollusks Which Live on Sulfide or Natural Gas,"
covering those mollusks that live in deep water vents as well as those that live in
sewage outfalls. The slides of the deep water animals and a description of the latest
theory on how they function in such depths were extremely interesting to all.

The meeting ended on the morning of June 25 with a field trip to Hubbs Research
Institute arranged by David K. Mulliner. This included an excellent tour of the
research laboratories and review of special projects. The meeting was so successful
that we are all looking forward to the 1988 meeting .

Jules Hertz

FROM THE COA MEETING

One hundred sixty-five enthusiastic people attended the annual meeting of the
COA (Conchologists of America) in St. Louis. There was something for everyone.

The program topics included shelling trips to Indonesia, Melanesia, Palau in
Micronesia, Australia and New Zealand, and dredging trips to Panama as well as land
shelling in Jamaica. Some of the titilating titles were: Color and Shapes of Shells,
Opercula and Apertures, Shells on Stamps, Shells Grown in an Aquarium, What makes a
Shell Rare, and Around the World in 80 Dives. The presentation of "My, What Big
Teeth You Have or Radula Rhapsody" turned out not to be SEM pictures of radula

Vol. XIX(8) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 81

teeth but rather pictures of living mollusks using their radulae to obtain food.

Drawings for door prizes of books or specimen shells were held frequently
throughout the sessions and there was an exchange of club pins and t-shirts. The
Dealers’ Bourse was very popular as well. Members gathered each morning for "shell
talk" and a continental breakfast in the meeting room before the sessions began.

Outside activities included a prime rib dinner/dance cruise on The Mississippi,
a walking tour of the St. Louis waterfront, a ride to the top (630 feet) of the
Gateway Arch, and a bus tour of Union Station and the Botanical Gardens. The
beautification and urban renewal of downtown St. Louis and the waterfront is
impressive. The ornate Union Station has been converted to a hotel and enclosed mall.

The programs, the outside activities, the hospitality of St. Louis and the
enthusiasm of the members combined to make a fine meeting

Billee L. Brown

CLUB NEWS

FROM THE MINUTES - SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB MEETING - JULY 16, 1987

Joyce Gemmell, who lived in San Felipe for eleven years, presented the slide
program, "Molluscan Habitats of San Felipe" giving members a view of the collecting
areas from north of San Felipe to San Luis Gonzaga. She also gave information on
shells found at particular beaches and had some excellent slides of the beach
areas and the mollusks living there $ some of the animals shown were spawning.

It was learned at the business meeting that the Club still does not have a
garden for the annual September party. Please notify a board member if you can
host this party.

The Christmas party will be held on December 5th at the Admiral Kidd Club at
the Naval Training Center.

A suggestion was made and after discussion it was decided to have shell
drawings at the August meeting. Members are requested to bring one or two duplicate
shells from their collections These will then be "drawn" at the meeting in addition
to the usual door prize.

A letter was read from Carole Hertz thanking the Club (and the arrangements
committee) for the wine and cheese reception at the recent Western Society of
Malacologists meeting.

After the business meeting Joyce Gemmell presented a second slide show of life
in San Felipe in the 60s and early 70s with pictures of the town and the "road"
south to Gonzaga.

Martin Kantor won the door prize and the cookies were provided by Ginny Herrmann
and Larry Buck.

Ginny Herrmann, Acting Secretary

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED

Bibliografia sobre moluscos como plaga en plantas de interes economico [ Bibliography
on mollusks as pests on plants of economic importance] by A. I. Calderon de Cerdas and
A.M. Arias de Guerrero. 1985. Published by CIDIA, 78 pp., some entries with
abstracts. To receive a copy, send to Federico Dao, IICA, Apdo. 55-2200 Coronado,
Costa Rica.

THE CORALS - CAPTIVATING AND CHARMING GIFT FROM NEPTUNE, by Sadao Kosuge, 1987.
Published by Institute of Malacology of Tokyo, Spec. Pub. no. 2, 175 pp. , hardcover,
5x7, 16 color pages plus black & white illus. , complete text and figure legends in
Japanese .

Page 82

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(8) : 1987

MULTIPLE SHELL DRAWING AT THE AUGUST MEETING

The Club will have a multiple shell drawing at the August meeting. If you can,
bring in one or two duplicate shells for the drawing. These shells, on display
during the evening, will be drawn one by one at the end of the business meeting.

Bill Romer will further explain the procedure at the time.

THE SEPTEMBER PARTY

The Club's annual September party, hopefully to be held on September 26th, is
still "gardenless." This is the Club's annual "theme" party and is usually held
outdoors in the host family's garden. Final arrangements must be made by the end
of the August meeting in order that a theme, menu and entertainment can be set up.

If you can host this party, please contact either Wes Farmer (576-2143), Bill Romer
(278-2389) or Carole Hertz (277-6259).

NEW MEMBERS

La Grange, Linda and John, 533 N. Rios Ave. , Solana Beach, CA 92075 755-7215

Reed, Wayne, 107 Murray St., Chula Vista, CA 92010 691-8766

CHANGE OF ADDRESS

Schuler, Martin, 746 Ash Ave., Chula Vista, CA 92010 426—8987

CROWN POINT SHELL CLUB ANNOUNCES ITS THIRD SHELL SHOW

The Crown Point Shell Club, Crown Point, Indiana, will hold its third shell
show from September 18-20 at the Southlake Mall in Merrilville, Indiana. Judges will
be Russell Jensen of the Delaware Museum (N.H.) and Gary Coovert of the Dhyton Museum
(N.H.) and Holly Coovert. Entry blanks for the show can be obtained by writing to
Crown Point Shell Collectors Study Group, P.0. Box 462, Crown Point , IN 46307.

Fiji 'l

Mo lb

ISSN: 0738-9388

Volume: XIX

THE FESTIVUS

A publication of the San Diego Shell Club

September 10, 1987 Number: 9

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

Wesley Farmer
Bill Romer
Ginny Herrmann
Barbara Farmer
Margaret Mulliner

FESTIVUS STAFF

Editor Carole M. Hertz

Photographer David K. Mulliner

MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego
Shell Club. Single member: $10.00;
Family membership: $12.00
Overseas (surface mail): $12.00
Address all correspondence to the
San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883
Mt . Blackburn Ave . , San Diego, CA 92111
Single copies of this issue: $5.00.
Postage is additional.

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M.
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
R. Tucker Abbott

American Malaaologists t Inc.

Eugene Coan

Research Associate

California Academy of Sciences

Anthony D'Attilio

San Diego Natural History Museum

William K. Emerson

American Museum of Natural History

Terrence M. Gosliner

California Academy of Sciences

James H. McLean

Los Angeles County Museum

of Natural History

Barry Roth

Research Associate

University of California 3 Berkeley

Emily Vokes

Tulane University

The Festivus is published monthly except
December. The publication date appears
on the masthead above.

THE END OF SUMMER FLING

The annual September party will be held on Saturday evening September 26, 1987
at the poolside clubhouse at the home of Wes Farmer. See details on page 92 and
the map on the last page.

There will be no regular meeting this month.

CONTENTS

White snails (Helicidae) in San Diego County, California

BARRY ROTH, CAROLE M. HERTZ and RICHARD CERUTTI 84

A further note on "white snails" 88

Comments on the variability in shell morphology of Murexiella peregrina
Olivera, 1980, with hitherto unpublished illustrations of the radula
and protoconch

ANTHONY D’ATTILIO 89

Club news 92

Page 84

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(9): 1987

WHITE SNAILS (HELICIDAE) IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

BY

BARRY ROTH1, CAROLE M. HERTZ2, and RICHARD CERUTTI2

1Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
2San Diego Natural History Museum, Balboa Park, P.0. Box 1390, San Diego,

California 92112

With the exception of Cepaea hortensis (Muller, 1774) in northeastern North
America, the land snail family Helicidae is native to the Old World. However, many
of its species are good travelers and have been introduced through human agency to
remote parts of the world. Where they have become established, several of these are
significant field and garden pests, feeding on crops and fouling shipments of
agricultural products.

With its equable climate, California has proven a receptive home to several
introduced helicids, including Helix aspersa Muller, 1774, Helix aperta Born, 1778,
Otala lactea (Muller, 1774), Theba pisana (Muller, 1774), and Coohlioella barbara
(Linnaeus, 1758) [synonym: Helix ventvosa Ferussac, 1820] (Hanna, 1966; Roth and
Chivers, 1980; Hertz, 1985; Cerutti, 1986a, 1986b) . Theba pisana was established in
San Diego County around 1914 but was thought to have been suppressed by the 1940s;
here we report on a recent reinfestation. Cevnuella virgata (da Costa, 1778) is
here reported in California for the first time.

"White snails" is an informal term used by economic malacologists for members
of several subfamilies of Helicidae which have in common shells with an opaque whitish
color. Baker (1986) has given an excellent summary of their occurrence in Australia
and the available information on their biology and control.

1. Theba pisana (Muller, 1774)

In 1986 Theba pisana was found in
abundance at two San Diego County sites.

At Woodman Street and Skyline Drive, in
southeastern San Diego (Map 1), it was
feeding on wild radish ( Baphanus sativus),
the leaves of wild mustard (Brassica sp.)

(Figure 1) and curly dock ( Rrniex cvispus)3
and rabbit pellets on the ground. In
dry weather the snails were found sealed
up to -2 ir above the ground on the stems
of fennel (Figure 2).

Theba pisana was also abundant at
Mission Gorge Road and Fanita Drive,

Santee (Map 2). At this site it was
most commonly found feeding on the outer
cortex of fennel ( Foenioulum vulgave)
stalks (Figure 3 ) but also on wild radish,
wild mustard, and curly dock.

At Santee on January 4, 1987, T.
pisana was observed laying eggs in de-
pressions in damp, soft soil shortly
after a rain. The process appears
similar to that in Otala lactea (Cerutti,

1986a). After the eggs are laid the

Map 1. Sites of infestations of white snails
(Circled area denotes T. pisana sites.)

Vol . XIX(9) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 85

nests are covered with a
thin capping of moist soil.

Six nests were noted, with
clutches of 29, 37, 40, 43, 52,
and 59 eggs.

Infestations in San Diego
County in the 1910s and 1930s
and in Los Angeles and Orange
counties in the 1930s and 1940s
were the subject of intense
control efforts (Gammon, 1943;
Hanna, 1966). Although Gammon
(1943) wrote that "the eradi-
cation [had] reached a very
favorable stage" and Hanna
(1966) stated that in 1940
"the task seemed to have been
completed," total eradication
was never claimed.

SANTEE

Map 2. Site of Theba pisana and Cemuella \oivgata

infestation.

Figure 1. Theba pisana feeding on wild
mustard at site shown on Map 1.

of fennel during dry weather at site
shown in Map 1 .

Page 86

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(9) : 1987

Gammon (1943) mentioned four live
adults taken out of a clay bank at the
Scripps Institution of Oceanography in
1937. He concluded that there was no
evidence of reproduction and, since the
last time T. pisana was found there was
in 1927, they apparently had been buried
in the bank for some ten years. Now
that T. pisana is known to have a one-
or two-year life cycle (Cowie, 1984), it
seems more likely that it was present
and reproducing continuously but at low
enough levels to escape detection, or
else a separate episode of introduction
was involved. Either way, the episode
demonstrates the difficulties facing
control of T. pisana.

The native range of T. pisana
includes the countries around the
Mediterranean and along the Atlantic
coasts of France, Belgium, the
Netherlands, Britain and Ireland (Kerney
and Cameron, 1979). It has been intro-
duced to South Africa, the temperate
regions of Australia, and oases in Saudi
Arabia (Baker, 1986). There are numerous
cases of its interception in cargoes at
ports in the eastern and Gulf Coast
states (Dundee, 1974). It is said to
be the most commonly intercepted
species of terrestrial snail
(Mead, 1971)

Theba pisana is a serious pest of flowers, shrubs, vegetables, pasture and
forage crops, citrus, stone fruits, and nut and olive trees (Baker, 1986). It is
an intermediate host of nematode parasites of sheep and cattle and has been implicated
in the spread of a fungus that damages melons. On the positive side, it is a popular
food item, although away from the Mediterranean region, cultural predilections cause
it to be utilized only rarely.

2. Cernuella virgata (da Costa, 1778)

Six specimens of this helicid were first collected by Cerutti on January 4, 1987,
in a sample of over 100 Theba pisana from Mission Gorge Road and Fanita Drive, Santee
(Map 2). A return survey on February 16, 1987, showed Cernuella virgata to be far
less common than T. pisana , probably amounting to less than two percent of the white
snail population at this site. A total of 30 living specimens of C. virgata were
collected. No specimens of C. virgata were found at the Woodman Street site in
San Diego.

Cernuella virgata was found feeding on the cortex of fennel, most commonly on
wilted or dying stalks; it was not observed to eat the leaves. In dry weather the
snails seal to the stalks up to * 2 m above the ground.

The shells of Cernuella virgata and Theba pisana are similar in shape and
size, but the animal of C. virgata is usually black (Figure 4) while that of T. pisana
is tan. Under a hand lens, the spire of C. virgata has prominent, closely set,
regular axial ribs that extend from suture to suture. The axial sculpture of T. pisana
is weaker, more irregular, and strongest just below the suture. Theba pisana has

Vol. XIX(9): 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 87

fine, incised spiral grooves, which are absent in C. vivgata.

This is the first report of C. vivgata in California. Previously it has been
intercepted at ports in eastern and Gulf Coast states, in a wide variety of cargoes
originating in Europe and North Africa (Dundee, 1974). It is widely distributed in
Mediterranean and western European countries (Kerney and Cameron, 1979) and is
established in South Australia, Victoria, and Western Australia (Baker, 1986).

Like T. pisana _, C. vivgata is an
important agricultural pest where it has
become naturalized. In Australia it has
been known to comtaminate grain harvests,
owing to its habit of climbing cereal
stalks (Baker, 1986). The shipments may
then be rejected or downgraded by
v authorities. Cevnuella vivgata also
causes damage by feeding on field and
ornamental crops and is an intermediate
host for various parasites of livestock.

Its native range and its success in
temperate parts of Australia suggest that
C. vivgata could find many parts of
California habitable.

Acknowledgments

Food plants were identified by Jim
Dice, Botany; Department , San Diego Natural
History Museum. David K. Mulliner took
the photograph of Cevnuella vivgata.

Figure 4. Cevnuella vivgata, (SDNHM 93338).
Photo taken in studio setup.

Literature Cited

BAKER, G.H.

1986. The biology and control of white snails (Mollusca: Helicidae) , introduced
pests in Australia. CSIRO Australia Div. Entomol. Tech. Pap. 25:1-31.

CERUTTI, R.

1986a. Otala laotea laying eggs. Festivus 18(6): 80-81.

1986b. Finding Helix apevta Born in San Diego County, California. Festivus 18(11)
154-155.

COWIE, R.H.

1984. The life-cycle and productivity of the land-snail Theba pisana
(Mollusca: Helicidae). Jour. Anim. Ecol. 53:311-325.

DUNDEE, D.S.

1974. Catalog of introduced molluscs of eastern North America. Sterkiana 55-1-37
GAMMON, E.T.

1943. Helicid snails in California. Bull. California Dep. Agric. 32 (3) *173-187
HANNA, G.D.

1966. Introduced mollusks of western North America. California Acad. Sci.

Occas. Pap. 48:1-108.

Page 88

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX (9) : 1987

HERTZ, C.M.

1985. Otala laotea (Muller, 1774) in San Diego County, California.

Festivus 17 (11) : 119-120.

KERNEY, M.P., and R.A.D. CAMERON

1979. A field guide to the land snails of Britain and north-west Europe.
Collins, London. 288 pp.

MEAD , A. R.

1971. Helicid land mollusks introduced into North America. The Biologist 53(3)
104-111.

ROTH, B., and D.D. CHIVERS

1980. Helix aperta introduced in Richmond, California (Mollusca: Pulmonata).
Veliger 22 (4) : 385-387 .

A FURTHER NOTE ON "WHITE SNAILS"

The San Diego Union of August 20, 1987 informed that San Diego County
agricultural officials are planning to "firebomb" the white snails to wipe out the
infestation threatening the farming industry in the county. Two lots in Oceanside
have already been burned and George Opel, Deputy Agricultural Commissioner is quoted
as stating they "counted a million of them [dead snails] in one 7^ acre field." This
is the method which was used in the La Jolla infestation from 1914 to 1922.

It was stated that the "killer snails" [Rumina deoollata (Linnaeus, 1758)] were
tried first but that though they can control a white snail population, they can not
eradicate it. Pesticide control has also been rejected as ineffective since the
snails climb the plants and the pesticides fall to the ground.

Continued controlled burning, which also clears out the weeds and underbrush,
is planned as the more "natural" means of controlling the white snails although
"times have changed and the county has grown, and burning in the more populated areas
could be tricky."

Vol . XIX(9): 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 89

COMMENTS ON THE VARIABILITY IN SHELL MORPHOLOGY OF
MUREXIELLA PEREGRINA OLIVERA, 1980, WITH HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE RADULA AND PROTOCONCH

BY

ANTHONY D ' ATTILIO

Department of Marine Invertebrates, San Diego Natural History Museum, Balboa Park,

P.O. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112

In his paper, "A New Species of Muricacean Gastropod” published in The Veliger
(Vol. 23(l):19-20, 2 pis.). Dr. Olivera refers to the "great variation seen in
different specimens of the species..." illustrating his point with photographs of
the dorsal aspects of eight paratypes of MurexielZa pevegvina. However, none of those
illustrated have the extreme narrow form with very short spines found on a few
specimens I examined recently from among 11 specimens of this species from the
Philippines .

For purposes of clarifying these differences in the slenderness of form and the
formation of the varical flange, both photographs and camera lucida enlarged drawings
are provided. While the narrowness of the shell is the most noticeable difference,
the principal difference is demonstrable on the dorsal surface of the shell of both
forms. In the broader form, that of the holotype and the specimen shown here in
Figure 1, the spiral cords are deeply cut in from the distal edge of the flange to
about 2/3 of the surface; the remaining area of the shell up to the preceding varix
is nearly smooth with little or no indication of spiral cords (Figure 2).

Figure la and b. Muvexiella pevegrina , SDNHM 82300, from the Philippine Islands
(a) dorsal aspect (b) apertural aspect. Length: 13.1 mm

Page 90

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(9) : 1987

In specimens with the narrow form, shown here in Figures 3 and 4, the intervarical
area exhibits continuous spiral grooves to the preceding varix. In addition, the
entire flange and its terminal spinosity is much reduced in size (Figure 4).

The 11 specimens studied by me ranged from 10.1 to 15.9 mm with from 5 to 5^
postnuclear whorls. Figure 5 illustrates the protoconch of 2^ conical, convex whorls.
The radula is typically muricopsine with a large strongly projecting central cusp and
moderately short strong laterals and smaller intermediate cusps (Figure 6).

Acknowledgments

Mrs. Barbara W. Myers, my associate, extracted and mounted the radula. Messrs.
Charles Glass and Robert Foster of Santa Barbara, Mr. Don Pisor and Mr. L.J. Bibbey
of San Diego, and Mr. Victor Dan of Manila, Philippine Is., provided comparative
material. The photos were taken by Mr. David K. Mulliner. To all of the above I
am very grateful.

Figure 2. M. peregrina, detail of distal
edge of flange in specimen showing the
broad form, SDNHM 80741.

Camera lucida drawing, greatly reduced.

Figure 3. M. peregrina 3 detail of distal
edge of flange in specimen showing the
narrow form. Glass and Foster Collection
Camera lucida drawing, greatly reduced.

Vol . XIX(9) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 91

Figure 4. M. pevegrina. from the Philippine Islands . Pisor Collection
(a) dorsal aspect (b) apertural aspect.

Figure 5. M. pevegrina, protoconch
of SDNHM 80741. X50

Figure 6. M . pevegrina, radula of Pisor
specimen shown in Figure 4.

Page 92

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(9) : 1987

CLUB NEWS

FROM THE MINUTES - SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB MEETING - AUGUST 20, 1987

Cowry enthusiast Hugh Bradner warmed to his subject as he discussed rare cowries
and their radulae. Cypraea valentia Perry, 1811; C. kingae Rehder & Wilson, 1975; C.
katsuae Kuroda, 1960; C. leueocLon Broderip, 1828; C. guttata Gmelin, 1791; C. aurantium
Gmelin, 1791, and others were compared and the differences in the radulae diagnosed.
According to Dr. Bradner, one must consider not only the morphology of the central tooth
but also the three pairs of lateral teeth. He also showed us a cowry identified as C.
onyx melanesiae Schilder, 1937, whose radula differed from the usual C. onyx but closely
resembled the radula of C. talpa Linne, 1758. There was a hands-on exhibit of many of
these rare cowries which proved to be a great attraction.

Just before the coffee break, and at the request of several members present,

Carole Hertz gave a brief summary of the events taking place in the Malacology /Marine
Invertebrate Department of the San Diego Natural History Museum. The entire
Malacology staff was terminated including Anthony D'Attilio, Acting Curator (who will
leave on October 1). Through a generous bequest to the Department by Joshua L. Baily , a
longtime friend of malacology, the Museum established the Joshua L Baily Chair of Marine
Invertebrates and hired Dr. Richard C. Brusca to fill the position. Although Dr. Brusca
has written two books and several papers on the invertebrate fauna of the eastern Pacific
his main research interests and expertise are in marine isopods (Phylum Arthropoda) . The
question left unanswered is the future of malacology at the San Diego Natural History
Museum.

The September party "The End of Summer Fling" was discussed. It will be held
on Saturday, September 26, 1987 at the home of Wes Farmer. The menu was discussed and
a signup sheet passed among the members. [For further information see below and map on
last page.]

Dave Mulliner showed slides of the meeting of the Western Society of Malacologists
held at SDSU in June. It is always fun to see old friends having a good time.

The shell lottery was a great success and was enthusiastically enjoyed by all.
Eight members each brought a shell for the lottery and eight lucky winners went home
with a lovely prize.

Sherry Valli and Margenette Yeend brought the delicious cookies for the coffee
break and Hugh Bradner won the door prize.

Barbara W. Myers, Acting Secretary

THE END OF SUMMER FLING!

The Club's annual September party will be held at the Club house and poolside
at Wes Farmer's home [See map on last page ] on Saturday evening September 26.
Festivities will begin at 6:00 P.M. (Parking is limited so note alternate parking
site across the street as shown on the map.)

At the September party it is traditional to have a set menu. If you have not
yet signed up to bring a food contribution, contact either Wes Farmer (576-1243),

Bill Romer (278-2389), or Carole Hertz (277-6359).

Come dressed in your casual best end-of-summer-f ling finery (the pool is available)
It will be a fun party with music, entertainment and great company. Remember to
bring your food contribution and serving and eating utensils. See you there! !

SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB

SUMMER FLING

September Party directions: from 805: exit onto Balboa, east to

Convoy, south to Aero Dr., east to Ruffin Rd . , south about a
block or two. Clubhouse on East side of street; park at Sharp
Operations Center on West side.

From San Diego Stadium on Friars Road: up Mission Village

Drive to Ruffin Rd . , right turn or north about a half mile,
parking on the west side of the street at Sharp Operations
Center across from the Clubhouse. Sept. 26.

THE ADDRESS: 3575 Ruffin Rd. at the Summer Hill Clubhouse.

TIME: 6:00 P.M. (Quiet hours start at 10:00, swimming in pool or
Jacuzi stops at ll:00)(No glass containers of any kind by the
the pool, thank you). HAVE A GOOD TIME!!! Quest ions : Wes 5 76-2 1 4 3.

THE FEST1VU

A publication of the San Diego Shell Club

ISSN: 07

libraries

Volume: XIX

October 8, 1987

Number: 10

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor

Photographer

Wesley Farmer
Bill Romer
Ginny Herrmann
Barbara Farmer
Margaret Mulliner

Carole M. Hertz
David K. Mulliner

MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego
Shell Club. Single member: $10.00;
Family membership: $12.00
Overseas (surface mail): $12.00
Address all correspondence to the
San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883
Mt . Blackburn Ave . , San Diego, CA 92111
Single copies of this issue: $5.00.
Postage is additional.

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M.
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD

R. Tucker Abbott

American Malacologists > Inc.

Eugene Coan

Research Associate

California. Academy of Sciences

Anthony D'Attilio

San Diego Natural History Museum

William K. Emerson

American Museum of Natural History

Terrence M. Gosliner

California Academy of Sciences

James H. McLean

Los Angeles County Museum

of Natural History

Barry Roth

Research Associate

University of Califomia3 Berkeley

Emily Vokes

Tulane University

The Festivus is published monthly except
December. The publication date appears
on the masthead above.

PROGRAM

SAN MIGUEL ISLAND, JEWEL OF THE CHANNEL ISLANDS

Richard Herrmann, Club member and talented underwater photographer will give
an above and below the surface look at this area in his slide presentation.

Presentation of the 1988 slate of officers

Multiple shell drawing will follow the business meeting (see page 99) .

Meeting date: 15 October 1987

CONTENTS

Engina strongi Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932 (Buccinidae) ; its distribution and

discovery of possible paratypes

BARBARA W. MYERS and ANTHONY D'ATTILIO 94

Two new books on mollusks

"Nudibranchs of southern Africa" by Terrence Gosliner

SANDRA MILLEN (reviewer) 97

"New Caribbean molluscan faunas" by Edward J. Petuch

R. TUCKER ABBOTT (reviewer) 98

Update on mollusks with Indo-Pacific faunal affinities in the tropical
eastern Pacific - VI

DONALD R. SHASKY 100

Club news 101

Page 94

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(IO) 1987

ENGINA STRONGI PILSBRY AND LOWE, 1932 (BUCCINIDAE);

ITS DISTRIBUTION AND DISCOVERY OF POSSIBLE PARATYPES

BY

BARBARA W. MYERS and ANTHONY D'ATTILIO

Department of Marine Invertebrates, San Diego Natural History Museum, Balboa Park,

P.O. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112

During our study of the distribution
of Traohypollia lugubris (C.B. Adams, 1852),
we examined specimens from Isla de
Guadalupe, Mexico (SDNHM 10050) collected
by Carl Hubbs et at in 1954. One of the
three specimens in this lot was T. lugubris
while the other two specimens proved to be
Engina strongi Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932 (now
SDNHM 93340).

The largest specimen in the lot, shown
in Figure 1, is a fusiform shell with four
postnuclear whorls; suture indistinct; body
whorl with nine axial ribs and seven major
spiral cords, two spiral cords on the canal.
The color is ivory-white stained rust on the
elevated portion of the cords as they cross
the axial ribs. The aperture (Figure 2) is
oval with a broadly open siphonal canal.

The U-shaped anal sulcus is bracketed by a
denticle on the columella and one on the
outer lip; outer lip thickened with seven
strong rounded denticles; inner lip or
columella with five strong nodes. The pro-
toconch (Figure 3) consists of 2>H smooth
convex whorls, the final quarter whorl
rippled. There is a light brown band
circling the whorls of the protoconch.

Engina strongi is not listed among the
molluscan species from Isla de Guadalupe by
Chace (1958) or Lindberg et at (1980). A
part of D.R. Lindberg' s collection made in
1975 was deposited in the Department of
Paleontology, San Diego Natural History Museum
and examination of that collection failed to
discover any specimens of E. strongi.

Pilsbry and Lowe cited Santa Catalina
Island, California (in 50 fathoms) as the
type locality of E. strongi. Few pub-
lished records of the geographical
distribution of this species were found
during our research. Burch (1942) dredged
specimens from 50 fathoms (91.5 m) on gravel

Figure 1. Engina strongi , (SDNHM 93340).
Camera lucida drawing of 10.1x5.5 mm
specimen from Isla de Guadalupe.

Vol . XIX(IO) 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 95

bottom at Redondo Beach, California and
Valentine (1956) listed E. strongi from the
Pleistocene of Potrero Canyon, Pacific
Palisades, California as very rare with less
than five specimens found. The species is not
cited in the following major publications
containing references to the eastern Pacific
molluscan fauna: Keen (1971), Abbott (1974)
and McLean (1978).

We found four additional lots of Engina
strongi in the San Diego Natural History
Museum malacology collection:

#50646 — one specimen from San Diego,

California, collected from 23.8 m
50626 — four specimens from San Diego,
California (dredged)

15654 — three specimens from La Jolla,
California, among kelp roots
50638 — nine specimens from Santa Catalina
Island, California in 50 fm. (91.5 m)

The specimens in lot #50638 were collected
by H.N. Lowe from the type locality and are
possible paratypes. The original description
stated that the holotype was deposited in the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
and that paratypes were in the Lowe collection.

Hertz (1986) had negative results locating
paratypes of E. strongi in other musuem
collections i.e . Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, American Museum
of Natural History, California Academy of
Sciences, Los Angeles County Museum of
Natural History, Santa Barbara Museum of
Natural History. Since the San Diego
Natural History Museum was the final repository
of the Lowe collection, it is our belief that
these specimens were not recognized at the time
they were accessioned into the Museum collection.

Personal communication from James H.

McLean, Curator of Malacology, Los Angeles
County Museum of Natural History, noted the
following: "The LACM collection contains 15
lots of Engina strongi from California,
including Catalina Island, Tanner Bank,

Farnsworth Bank, Anacapa Island, Santa Cruz Island,

San Miguel Island, San Clemente Island and with
a northern mainland locality record off Pt . Dume.

We have 20 lots from Baja California, including
Guadalupe, Cedros, San Benito and Natividad
Islands. Our southernmost locality is 20 fm off Figure 3. E. strongi , SDNHM 93340

Thurloe Head, Baja California (27°36’S)." Camera iucid‘a drawing, greatly en-

Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, larged of specimen 8.9 x4 . 8 mm,

the distribution of E. strongx is from Pt. Dume, showing the protoconch of 3*4

Los Angeles County, California, to Thurloe Head, smooth conical whorls.

Figure 2. E. strongi 3 camera lucida
drawing of specimen in Figure 1, greatly
enlarged, showing denticles on the outer
lip and nodes on the columella.

Page 96

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(IO) 1987

Baja California, Mexico, and the offshore Islands.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We wish to thank James H. McLean, Curator of Malacology, Los Angeles County
Museum (N.H.) for suggesting the identity of the Guadalupe Island specimen as E.
strongi and further for taking the time to check and make a tally of that
institution's collection of specimens of E. strongi and their collecting data. We
further thank Tom Demere of the Department of Paleontology, San Diego Natural History
Museum, for making the Lindberg collection available to us.

LITERATURE CITED

ABBOTT, R.T.

1974. American Seashells, 2nd edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. N.Y., 663 pp.
24 pis., numerous text figs.

ADAMS, C.B.

1852.

BURCH, T.
1942.

CHACE, E.P.
1958.

HERTZ, C.M.
1986.

KEEN, A.M.

Catalogue of shells collected at Panama, with notes on their synonymy,
station, and geographical distribution. Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. 5:229-527.

Dredging off Redondo Beach, California. Min. Conch. Club S. Calif. #17:5-12.

The marine molluscan fauna of Guadalupe Island, Mexico. Trans. S.D.S.N.H.
12(19) :319-332, 1 fig.

Herbert Nelson Lowe 1880-1936, a gifted amateur conchologist from
southern California. Festivus 18(3):26-43, 17 figs.

1971. Sea shells of tropical West America, 2nd edition. Stanford Univ. Press.
1,064 pp., 22 pis., numerous text figs.

LINDBERG, D.R. et al

1980. Invertebrate magafossils of Pleistocene (Sangamon Interglacial) age from
Isla de Guadalupe, Baja California, Mexico in The California Islands:
Proceedings of a multidisciplinary symposium. Santa Barbara, CA., 787 pp.

MCLEAN, J.H.

1978. Marine shells of southern California, revised edition. Natural History
Museum of Los Angeles County, Sci. ser. 24. 104 pp., 54 figs.

PILSBRY, H. A. AND H.N. LOWE

1932. West Mexican and Central American mollusks collected by H.N. Lowe, 1929-
31. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 84:33-144, 17 pis.

VALENTINE, J.W.

1956. Upper Pleistocene Mollusca from Potrero Canyon, Pacific Palisades,
California. Trans. SDSNH 12 (10) : 181-205 , pi. 13.

Vol . XIX(IO) 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 97

TWO NEW BOOKS ON MOLLUSKS

NUDIBRANCHS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA
By Terrence Gosliner. 1987.'

Published by Sea Challengers and Jeff Hamann, Monterey, California
136 pages, 268 color plates, 8X10, softcovered
Price: $34.95

The opisthobranch molluscs have evolved from shelled ancestors which, over time,
lost their shells and developed expanded soft parts. Gradually the shell became
enveloped, reduced and finally lost. Freedom from the constriction of the shell
resulted in a veritable explosion of elaborate form and vivid color. Unfortunately
both are lost during preservation, so there has been little incentive for collectors
to study these fascinating creatures. Recently, however, there have been a number of
popular guides to opisthobranchs published that take full advantage of color
photography. The latest is Terry Gosliner ’s NUDIBRANCHS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA which
includes the non-nudibranch opisthobranchs as well.

The layout of this book is excellent. Most of the book is taken up by one
column of color photographs, three to a page, and an opposite column of information
on the animals. The photographs are large enough so that there is no feeling of
constraint. This spaceous feeling is aided by a format which lays the information
beside the animals instead of alternating pages of photographs with pages of infor-
mation. The photographs show the animals alive, healthy and in water with superb
color rendition. The only flaws are a few underexposed photographs and some with
air bubbles, confusing backgrounds or minor framing errors. But considering the size
and rarity of the subject matter, the author did a tremendous job. In many cases he
has presented us with the only photographs ever taken of these animals. Indeed, of
the 268 photographed species, 92 are undescribed!

The information column gives the genus and species of each animal (where known) ,
and a taxonomy section with a few sentences describing distinguishing features or
color variation. The natural history section, also brief, mentions habitat, food and
egg mass (if known). The last section on occurrence and distribution is interesting
because 76 of the species in this book were described elsewhere and are here recorded
from southern Africa for the first time.

As with most identification guides, the reader’s attention is captured by the
photographs, but the real work of the author is in the writing. Just think of the
difficulty involved in identifying 92 undescribed opisthobranchs down to the genus
level when it was necessary to dissect out radulas and reproductive systems to do so.
Also consider the time spent searching through old journals and reports to compile a
list of the 205 species previously recorded from southern Africa. For that matter,
try devising a key based solely on external characters for 268 species. All of these
represent formidable tasks and require an unusual amount of expertise on the part of
the author.

Dr. Gosliner is uniquely suited for the task of compiling this book because he
brings with him experience working with both Atlantic and Pacific fauna. In many
ways, his synthesis of the biogeography of southern Africa opisthobranchs (pp. 13-15)
represents the best and worst parts of this book. Best because the overview emphasizes
and illustrates important trends in endemism and Indo-Pacific affinities. Worst
because the map on page 135, to which he doesn't refer, is insufficient to allow a
reader to follow the discussion appropriately. Of course, if this is the worst
deficiency I can find in the book, you can see that it is excellent indeed.

The introductory section also includes a general overview of important features
of opisthobranchs, a basic glossary, and a large number of well-drawn illustrations
by Bill Liltved. I felt that some of the illustrations would have benefitted from
further reduction and that the gills of Armina (p. 27C) should have been illustrated

Page 98

THE FESTIVUS

Vol. XIX(IO) 1987

in the context of the whole animal. But, in general, this section will prove useful.

Who is this book for? Any opisthobranch specialist will be eager to obtain a
copy, both to see the new ranges and to admire the wealth of previously unphotographed
and undescribed species. Since a large portion of this book contains species that
may be found throughout the Indo-Pacif ic , it is an essential reference guide for
malacologists working in this area. However, a significant portion of the opisto-
branchs are also found, or are closely related to, species either in the tropical or
temperate Atlantic and Pacific oceans, so its appeal is worldwide. Nor is it limited
to specialists. The book is written for an intelligent amateur malacologist or
would-be "brancher." There is information on collecting, identifying and preserving
opisthobranchs. The author encourages nondestructive identification of live specimens
and their return to their environment. Where the specimens are undescribed, he
requests they be preserved and shipped to him at the California Academy of Sciences
where he can use them for future scientific study.

SANDRA MILLEN

Editor’s note: This book will be available for circulation at the October meeting.

NEW CARIBBEAN MOLLUSCAN FAUNAS
By Edward J. Petuch. 1987

Published by Coastal Education and Research Foundation [CERF] , Charlottesville, Virginia
154 + 4 pages, 28+1 plates, softcovered
Price: $32.50

Despite vitriolic international reviews of previous molluscan works being
produced by this private "foundation," this latest publication shows great improvement
in the quality of format, editing and illustrations (see Philippe Bouchet, 1987, in
Xenophora no. 38; Henry W. Chaney, 1987, in The Festivus, vol. 19, no. 6). The Olive
book published last year by CERF had the unique record of 342 spelling mistakes, wrong
dates, incorrect authors, upside-down illustrations and switched catalog numbers and
figure references. This new paper has a minimum of such careless editorial control, a
fact often beyond the correction by authors.

The present work is a symptom of a curious present-day situation in malacology,
reminiscent of the 19th century era of Hugh Cuming, the Sowerbys, Reeve and Marrat.
Improved methods and an increase in shell collecting, a scarcity of well-trained
mollusk taxonomists, and the pressure of commercial seashell interests have brought
on the unbridled description of new species. Some, of course, are obviously new good
species; but many others are probably ecologic forms, expressions of geographical
dines or limited populations in transient isolation.

CERF's new paper is well illustrated by the excellent black-and-white photographs
made by Kevan Sunderland, a top Floridian shell collector. This work will be useful
to amateurs, and those who must keep up with the literature, because it illustrates
many uncommon, previously described Caribbean species, as well as the 109 species and
5 genera newly described. In due course, the latter novelties will be analyzed by
others engaged in monographic studies and the valid ones accepted into the scientific
literature and new editions of popular guides.

It is not possible in a short review to discuss the status of these new species
spanning thirty major families, other than to say that in all likelihood at least ten
to twenty of them will prove to be valid when careful study is undertaken. Surely
the scientific experts on the Cerithiidae, Muricidae, Trochidae and Pectinidae could
have staved off synonyms and other placement errors had this work been reviewed by
competent peers prior to publication. One need only compare the recent careful
treatment of the genus Cataegis, with its anatomical, radular and shell observations
(McLean and Quinn, 1987, in The Nautilus, vol. 101, no. 3) to realize the ludicrous
nature of the treatment of " Homalopoma finkli n. sp." Actually it is in the Trochidae,
not the Turbinidae, and unfortuately is a senior synonym of Cataegis toreuta McLean

Vol . XIX(IO) 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 99

and Quinn, 1987.

One clear case of a remarkable discovery is the appearance in the Miami area of
a small parasitic gastropod CyoZotheca [sZo] paceZ now being found by scuba divers on
SpondyZus } as well as on Chlamys. However, Cyclothyca paoei (Petuch) is not in the
family Capulidae, but rather a new family near the Pyramidelloidea heterogastropods,
a fact long known to our colleagues in California and Australia.

I agree with the author, although perhaps not his possible motives, in naming
new species after those we wish to honor for their activities in malacology. This
adds a bit of history to our nomenclature. The American Malacological Union's
committee on vernacular names frowns on this custom and, indeed, usually refuses to
translate these easily remembered names into common English names, e.g._, Linda's
Volute, Harland's Cone, etc. Their objections and fears, however, have some foundation
when we see that this author has named 21 new species after Linda Petuch, 11 after
Kevan Sunderland and 8 after Robert Pace in the same publication.

The so-called "Caribbean Molluscan Faunas" are really not well-defined faunas,
nor faunules as Bartsch would call them, nor newly discovered, nor always newly named.
The paper is artificially divided into small areas which are best defined as localized
collecting grounds from which the author has been given "strange and new species" by
enthusiastic shell collectors and shell dealers. If the reader wishes to track down
a new species in his favorite genus, he will have to search throughout six different
"faunas" or parts of this geographical maze.

Only time and thorough scientific work will sort out the taxonomic excesses of
workers like Maxwell Smith, Paul Bartsch, Edward Petuch and others. This "arrogant"
reviewer would like to make the "pronouncement" that almost every shallow-water marine
mollusk in the Caribbean has probably been named three or four times, and that even
some of Petuch' s valid species will themselves receive additional synonyms as amateur
taxonomists continue to describe new species. Let us hope that CERF does not
continue its practice of encouraging the old disease known as the "mihi itch."

Mihi- was the Latin term used to indicate that these are "my species."

R. Tucker Abbott

Page 100

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(10) 1987

UPDATE ON MOLLUSKS WITH INDO-PACIFIC FAUNAL AFFINITIES IN THE

TROPICAL EASTERN PACIFIC - VI *

DONALD R. SHASKY

834 West Highland Avenue, Redlands, California 92373

Dr. Anders Waren of Stockholm, Sweden, has examined my Eulimidae from Cocos
Island, Costa Rica and has identified two lots of Balds ogasawarana (Pilsbry, 1905)
(pers. comm. Waren, 1987). This species was described from the Bonin Islands, south-
east of Japan. I collected three specimens on April 14-16, 1983 at Bahia Weston in 1-
13 m, under dead coral and one specimen (Figures 1 and 2) on April 19, 1983, in 10-20 m
under dead coral off Isla Manuelita. The host is unknown to me.

Figures 1 and 2. Balds ogasawarana (Pilsbry, 1905). Apertural and dorsal
views of 4.6 x 1.6 mm specimen taken under dead coral in 10-20 m, Isla Manuelita
Cocos Island, Costa Rica, April 19, 1983. D.R. Shasky collection.

I have previously reported finding Favartia garretti (Pease, 1869) at Cocos
Island and on the West American mainland (Shasky, 1983, 1983a). My identification of
this taxon was based on comparison with two worn specimens of F. garretti from Hawaii
in the San Diego Natural History Museum collection. After collecting two live
specimens of F. garretti off Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, last fall, it was apparent that
the Cocos Island specimens are not conspecific. A manuscript is now in preparation
by Anthony D'Attilio and Barbara W. Myers describing the Cocos Island species.

*Adapted from a paper presented to the annual meeting of the Western Society of
Malacologists - June 1987

VoJ. XIX(IO) 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 101

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I wish to thank Dr. Anders Waren for examining my Eulimidae and David K. Mulliner
for photographing the specimen figured.

LITERATURE CITED

KAY, E . A.

1979. Hawaiian Marine Shells. Bishop Museum Press, Hawaii, p. 653, fig. 195.
PILSBRY, H. A.

1905. New Japanese marine Mollusca. Proc.ANSP 57:111, pi. 2, figs. 2-3.
SHASKY, D.R.

1983. New records of Indo-Pacific mollusks from Cocos Island, Costa Rica,
Nautilus 97 (4) : 144-145 .

1983a Update on mollusks with Indo-Pacific faunal affinities in the tropical
eastern Pacific - II. Festivus XV:109-110.

CLUB NEWS

THE END OF SUMMER FLING

The Club does have great parties! The Clubhouse at Wes Farmer’s residence was
a perfect spot. Roomy and comfortable with kitchen, billiard room and, just outside, a
large swimming pool.

As always, everyone was glad to see each other. The food was delicious and
substantial quantities of salad, chicken, baked beans and dessert were consumed. Many
lingered at the tables enjoying conversations with new and old friends while others
swam and played pool.

Our grateful thanks to our host Wes Farmer for his hospitality.

THE CLUB CHRISTMAS PARTY— DECEMBER 5, 1987

This year the Club's annual Christmas Dinner Party will be held in the Bronze
Room at the Admiral Kidd Club. (Map and details will be in the November issue).

The festivities will begin at 6:00 P.M. with no-host cocktails and dinner is
planned for 7:00 P.M. (There will be dancing during the evening in the main room).

Two dinner choices are available,: Prime rib of beef at $14.70 or Coquilles St.
Jacques at $13.60. Both include tossed salad, baked potato, vegetable, and coffee
or tea. Tax and tip are included. Our Club provides the dinner wine.

Since the Admiral Kidd Club requires payment in advance, reservations must be
received not later than November 19th (the date of the November meeting).

ANOTHER MULTIPLE SHELL DRAWING AT THE OCTOBER MEETING

The multiple shell drawing will be repeated at the October meeting by popular
request. Members are asked to bring in one or two duplicate shells for this drawing.
The shells will be on display through the evening and will be drawn - one by one -
after the business meeting.

6> L

qel
fY/3
Moll ■

Volume: XIX

Cj^A\ ! n ° & 1 M/j /y^*\

NOV 23 1987

4

HsaaaBJrE stivus

A publication of the San Diego Shell Club

November 12, 1987

ISSN: 0738-9388

Number: 11

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

Wesley Farmer
Bill Romer
Ginny Herrmann
Barbara Farmer
Margaret Mulliner

FESTIVUS STAFF

Editor Carole M. Hertz

Photographer David K. Mulliner

MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego
Shell Club. Single member: $10.00;
Family membership: $12.00
Overseas (surface mail): $12.00
Address all correspondence to the
San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883
Mt . Blackburn Ave . , San Diego, CA 92111
Single copies of this issue: $5.00.
Postage is additional.

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M.
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
R. Tucker Abbott

American Malacologists , Inc.

Eugene Coan

Research Associate

California Academy of Sciences

Anthony D'Attilio

San Diego Natural History Museum

William K. Emerson

American Museum of Natural History

Terrence M. Gosliner

California Academy of Sciences

James H. McLean

Los Angeles County Museum

of Natural History

Barry Roth

Research Associate

University of Califomia3 Berkeley

Emily Vokes

Tulane University

The Festivus is published monthly except
December. The publication date appears
on the masthead above.

PROGRAM

HOW GASTROPODS MAKE THEIR SHELLS

Bert Draper, Associate at the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History and
micro-photographer, will give this slide presentation.

Election of Officers

Meeting date: 19 November 1987

CONTENTS

Regarding the Easter Island Cypraea cernica

HUGH BRADNER 103

Correction to D.R. Shasky’s "Update on mollusks with Indo-Pacific faunal

affinities in the tropical eastern Pacific — VI" 103

The shell morphology of the varix in two Favcortia species: Favartia
dorothyae Emerson & D’Attilio, 1979, and F. munda (Reeve, 1849)

ANTHONY D’ATTILIO 104

Shelling in Diego Garcia, British Indian Ocean Territory

BILL ROMER 108

Club news Ill

A selected index to volume XIX (1987) 112

Map for detaching

Page 103

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(ll) : 1987

REGARDING THE EASTER ISLAND CYPRAEA CERNICA

BY

HUGH BRADNER

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093

After my report on Cypraea oemioa Sowerby, 1870, appeared in The Festivus
(Bradner, 1987), Walter Sage of the American Museum of Natural History brought to
my attention a paper by J. Senders and P. Martin (Senders and Martin, 1987), in
which they conclude that John Earle's Easter Island discovery should be classified
as a new subspecies of Cypraea oemica. They describe it on the basis of 5 specimens
that were furnished by J.P. Lefort of Huahine, French Polynesia; and they name it
C. oemica Zeforti. In comparing my 3 specimens from Easter Island with 2 specimens
from Okinawa and 4 specimens from La Reunion, I cannot agree with 7 of the 11 "most
significant" differences that are cited by Senders and Martin. I understand that
H.A. Rehder is studying a larger number of Easter Island specimens, and I suggest
that the name C. oemioa Zeforti Senders and Martin, 1987, be accepted provisionally
pending his report.

LITERATURE CITED

BRADNER, HUGH

1987. Comparisons between John Earle's Easter Island cowrie and Cypraea oemioa
Sowerby, 1870. Festivus 19(8):75-79, 4 figs., 3 tables (August 13).
SENDERS, JACQUES and PHILIPPE MARTIN

1987. Description d'une nouvelle sous-espece de Cypraeidae en provenance de
l'lle de Paques. Apex 2(l):13-23, 2 pls» (January 2).

CORRECTION TO D.R. SHASKY"S, "UPDATE ON MOLLUSKS WITH INDO-PACIFIC
FAUNAL AFFINITIES IN THE TROPICAL EASTERN PACIFIC — VI"

[FESTIVUS 19 (10) :100]

The illustration in Figures 1 and 2 is of a specimen of Balds ogasawarana
(Pilsbry, 1905) 4.4 xl.4 mm from a third lot of two specimens taken by D.R. Shasky
in 12 meters (40 ft.) under dead coral at Isla Pajaros, Cocos Island, Costa Rica on
March 8, 1984 and April 19, 1983. It was listed on page 100 as a specimen from
Isla Manuelita, Cocos Island. It should also be noted that three lots were
collected rather than two as stated in the writeup.

IN MEMORIAM

It is with regret that we report the passing of Norval F. Brewer on October 7, 1987
at the age of 78. Our sympathy is extended to his wife, Blanche and his family.

Vol. XIX(ll) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 104

THE SHELL MORPHOLOGY OF THE VARIX IN TWO FAVARTIA SPECIES:

FAVARTIA DQROTHYAE EMERSON & D'ATTILIO, 1979, AND F. MUNDA (REEVE, 1849)

BY

ANTHONY D'ATTILIO

Associate, Department of Marine Invertebrates, San Diego Natural History
Museum, Balboa Park, P.O. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112

Eavartia munda is one of the smaller
Ezvartia species, rarely reaching 10 mm in
height (Figure 1). The protoconch, not
previously figured, consists of 1^ convex
whorls (Figure 2). In the apertural view
(Figure 1) , the leading side of the varical
costae are shown to consist of low broadly
open spinelike crenulations , approximately
three per spine, with depressed lamellose
areas between.

The shell is richly sculptured with
scabrous cords. A complete growth episode
from the outer lip edge to the leading edge
of the penultimate varix is shown in
Figure 3. The dorsal surface has four sca-
brous cords separated by deep inter-cord
depressions. An enlarged detail is shown
in Figure 4. Another cord is on the canal
(Figure 3). The cords are composed of a
series of ascending, unequal, asymmetrical
segments which sometimes appear scale-like.
No spiral or axial striae embellish the
surface of the four specimens studied here,
two from Amiami, Okima, Japan (ex Nat. Sci.
Mus., Tokyo) and two from Kii, Japan (ex
Akibumi Teramachi collection, now
SDNHM 78063) one of which is figured here.

Figure 1. Savartia munda (Reeve, 1849)
SDNHM 78063, 7.2 mm H, in 9.1m (5 fm. ) off
Kii, Japan, apertural view.

Figure 2. Bavavtia munda protoconchs of
two specimens in SDNHM 78063 at 32. 4X.

Page 105

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(ll) : 1987

Figure 4. F. munda3 detail of two scabrous
cords on specimen shown in Figure 3 at 32. 5X.

area from lip edge to penultimate
varix at 16.6 X.

Figure 3. Bavartia munda3 camera
lucida drawing showing dorsal

Fxvartia dorothyae Emerson & D'Attilio, 1979 (Figure 5) attains a height of about
20 mm. See D'Attilio (1980) for discussion of morphology and illustration of the

Figure 5. Exvartia dorothyae Emerson & D'Attilio, 1979. SDNHM 81718, 15.0 mm H,
Punta Engano, Mactan, Philippine Is., in net traps in 119 m (65 fm.), apertural and
dorsal views.

Vol . XIX(ll) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 106

protoconch, operculum and radula. There are five weakly sculptured cords on the body
whorl and one in the concave area between the body whorl and the canal. The shoulder
has a few ephemeral cords distally which project as a spiny ridge (Figure 6). The
intervarical area is small with the leading edge of the varical margin almost central.
Most of the rich sculpture is found on the leading side of the elevated varices which
are distally recurved and scabrously ornamented (Figure 7) and the leading surface
of the spinose flange consists of a series of 5 to 7 overlapping, undulate scabrous
lamellae per spine shown in detail in Figure 8. The surface can be best thought of
as a furbelow drapery. The scale-like lamellae are irregularly connected from spine
to spine, but distally the spines are broadly open and their terminations are
strongly recurved (Figures 6 and 7).

anterior

Figure 6. Favartia dorothyae _, SDNHM 87745, 23.1 mm H,
camera lucida drawing of dorsal area showing the area
between the crests of two varices at 7.8 X. Note that the
varical margin is midway in the small intervarical area.

This species does not differ substantially from the generic type, Eavartia
brevicula (Sowerby, 1834). In the type the spinose flange is more regularly and
symmetrically formed and the low spine area is crossed by thick lamellae, each some
distance apart lending the shell its sculpture of window-like depressions.

Page 107

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(ll) : 1987'

Figure 7. F. dovothyae _, camera lucida drawing
of a portion of the outer lip of the specimen
shown in Figure 6, at 16.5 X.

Figure 8. F. dovothyae3 detail _at 32X of
spine shown at A on specimen in Figure 7.

LITERATURE CITED

D’ATTILIO, ANTHONY

1980. A supplementary note on Fdvavtia dovothyae Emerson & D'Attilio, 1979.
Festivus 12(5):67-68, 5 figs.

EMERSON, WILLIAM K. and ANTHONY D’ATTILIO

1979. Six new living species of muricacean gastropods. Nautilus 93(1):1-10,

21 figs.

REEVE, LOVELL A.

1849. Conchologia Iconica, or illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals.
Muvex. London. Suppl., pi. 1.

SOWERBY, GEORGE B. II

1834. The Conchological Illustrations. Muvex. London, pis. 58-67.

Vol . XIX(ll) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 108

SHELLING IN DIEGO GARCIA, BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY

BY

BILL ROMER

3249 Towser, San Diego, California 92123

Itrgo (Sarrta

c=>-

As an employee of the U.S. Navy, I had the unique opportunity to visit a remote
tropical island. Being assigned to the U.S.S. ACADIA (i)D-42) on its first western
Pacific deployment, we visited this paradise in March of 1983. This paradise is, of
course, Diego Garcia, British Indian Ocean Territory, and we were sent there to pro-
vide repair services to our deployed ships cruising in the Indian Ocean.

Diego Garcia is a coral atoll located in the Chagos Archipelago [7°14,20"S;
72°26'El almost exactly centered in the Indian Ocean. The Island is shaped like a
footprint without toes,
forming a horseshoe around
a very large lagoon (see
Map I) . The ball of the
foot, or main part of the
island, is where all the
base facilites are located.

From there the island runs
south approximately 22
miles to the southern tip
and then turns north for

21 miles to the far side,
or British side of the
island. It was on the

22 mile strip of land
that most of my collecting
took place. The width of
the island varies from
just over two hundred feet
to just under a mile.

Diego Garcia has
facilities for refueling
and resupplying ships and
aircraft of the U.S.

Pacific fleet, and has an
airstrip capable of
handling the biggest cargo
planes. Leased from Great
Britain, which once used
it as a penal colony,

Diego Garcia provides a
safe haven for ships as
well as a rest and recre-
ation area.

Scuba diving was not
allowed because there was
no decompression chamber
available and swimming on
the ocean sides of the is-
land was also forbidden.

In fact, wading was only

NAVSUPPFAC CANTAINMENT AitEA
BOAT LANDING AREA

"R" SITE (LIVING AREA)

"C" SITE (RECEIVING SITE)

"SEABEE BEACH”

POL AREA (PUMPING STATION)
POL PIER (REFUELING PIER)
POL STORAGE (FUEL TANKS)
AIRFIELD FACILITIES
DREDGE SITE
GENERATOR SITE
TRANSMITTER SITE
BRITISH GATE

Map I. Diego Garcia, British Indian Ocean Territory

Page 109

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(ll) : 1987

allowed as long as you didn't go deeper than knee-level since there were strong rip
currents, coral channels and, most of all, sharks in ankle-deep water. If you didn't
watch for the sharks, they would swim between your legs.

That's the bad news, now for the good. Snorkeling and free diving inside the
lagoon were permitted from sunrise to sunset. Many a good coral head was there to
explore as well as coral rubble and sand. The airstrip and refueling pier (F,G,H)
were built by dredging so just digging in the sand in these areas offered many shells.
Walking along the beach at the transmitter site (K) was another source of shells
and going through the dredge site off-flow (I) many fresh-dead specimens were
obtained .

Most of my collecting was limited to weekends and the days I managed to escape
from the job. This was ample time, but I would have spent much more time if permitted.
The local recreation beach was known as "Seabee Beach" (D) for the Navy Seabee
battalion stationed there. It was the best area for collecting, even for a novice
like me. This beach was far north of the dredging operations and the water was free
from silt. Many species were observed on the coral and rubble in this location. When
weather would not permit swimming, I would walk along the miles of beach (K) looking
through the sand rubble for shells washed in by the storms or frequent the dredge site
and its off-flow areas (I). The dredge was being used to deepen the harbor as well
as reclaim land area. Walking through the off-flow areas and digging in the different
levels of mud and silt, I obtained many fresh dead specimens. Below is a list of
shells I was able to identify. Many bags of worn miters, cerithiums, cowries, moon
snails and so on remain yet unidentified, some too worn to ever get named.

Diego Garcia offers some fantastic opportunities for both the novice and the
experienced collector, and I had the most fun, after dark or when I could not get to
the beach, trying to identify the many varied species I'd collected.

LIST OF SPECIES COLLECTED
(L = live specimens; D = dead collected shells)

TRANSMITTER

SPECIES SEABEE BEACH (D) DREDGE SITE (I) SITE (K) COMMENTS

Tridacna squamosa Lamarck, 1879
Turbo ohrysostomus (Linne", 1758)
Biinoclavis vertagus (Linne'', 1758
Lambis chiragra (Linne'', 1758)

L. Iccmbis (Linne', 1758)

Strombus luhuanus Linne, 1758
S. uroeus Linne', 1758
Cypraea annulus Linne'-, 1758
C. arabica Linne', 1758
C. argus Linne', 1758
C. asellus Linne", 1758
C. caputserpentis Linne", 1758
C. cameola Linne', 1758
C. depressa Gray, 1824
C. diluculum Reeve, 1845
C. felina Gmelin, 1791
C. helvola Linne", 1758
C. interrupta Gray, 1824
C. Isabella Linne", 1758
C. kieneri Hidalgo, 1906
C. lynx Linne', 1758
C. moneta Linne', 1758
C. nucleus Linne, 1758
C. quadrimaculata Gray, 1824
C. sourra Gmelin, 1791
C. staphylaea Linne, 1758
C. tigris Linne' 1758
C. vitellus Linne', 1758
Cypraecassis rufa (Linne", 1758)
Charonia tritonis (Linne' 1758)
Cymatium muricinum (Roding, 1798)
C. rubeculum (Linne', 1758)

C. ( Fanularia) undet.

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

with large hermit crabs
snorkeling

II

" dwarfs

D

D

snorkeling

two color forms

snorkeling
+60 mm from (I)
j uvenile ,

II

Vol. XIX(ll): 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 110

Gyrinewn gyrinum (Linne, 1758)
Chicoreus brunneus (Link, 1807)
Nassa franaolina (Bruguiere, 1789)
Coralliophila undet.

Engina mendicaria (Linne", 1758)
Colwnbella undet.

Harpa amouretta Roding, 1798
Mitra ferruginea Lamarck, 1811
Conus coronatus Gmelin, 1791
C. ebraeus Linne', 1758
C. nussatella Linnd', 1758
C. pulioarius Hwass, 1792
C. lividus Hwass, 1792
C. ?textile Linne", 1758
Aplustrum amplustre (Linne", 1758)

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

small

L snorkeling

L "

L

L

L "

very worn
snorkeling

BOOK NEWS

NEW PUBLICATION ANNOUNCED BY E.J. BRILL

(P.0. Box 9000, 2300 PA Leiden, The Netherlands)

" SpondyluSj Spiny Oyster Shells of the World" by Kevin Lamprell (1987), 84 pages,
36 full color plates, clothbound at $18.25 (also published in hard cover with dust
jacket, no price given). The announcement states that 95 species are described in
detail "supported by superb full-page coloured plates." "...an accurate up-to-date
listing of scientific names including author and date of description, plus used
synonyms for many species of these spiny oyster shells."

TWO NEW AUDIO SHELL CASSETTES ANNOUNCED BY R. TUCKER ABBOTT

(American Malacologists , P.0. Box 1192, Burlington, MA 01803)

"Exploring Collectible Shells ,"90 minute cassette with 64 page all color book
at $12.95 and "Say It Right , " 35 minute cassette with 280 page, softcover book at
$16.95. Add $1.00 postage and handling per cassette.

Page 111

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(ll) : 1987

CLUB NEWS

THE CLUB'S ANNUAL CHRISTMAS DINNER PARTY — DECEMBER 5, 1987

As noted in the October issue, arrangements have been completed for the Club's
annual Christmas party. It will be held in the Bronze Room of the Admiral Kidd Club
(see map on last page) with no host coctails beginning at 6:00 P.M. and dinner at
7:00 P.M.

Two dinner choices are available: Coquilles San Jacques (a casserole of shrimp,

crab, scallops and mushrooms baked in a creamy white sauce with a sprinkling of
parmesan cheese) at $13.60 or Prime Rib of Beef (English cut with hot au jus) at
$14.70. Both include tossed salad, baked potato, vegetable and coffee or tea. Tax
and tip are included and our Club provides complimentary dinner wine.

Reservations must be received not later than November 19th (Club meeting date)
since the Admiral Kidd Club requires payment in advance.

Following dinner and the program, the Club will hold its traditional shell gift
exchange. Bring your gift wrapped shell to place under the tree. Place data and name
inside the package only. On the outside put on the general locale i.e. Pacific,
Caribbean, etc. Numbers will be drawn and those bringing a shell gift will choose
one from under the tree.

There will be dancing in the main room throughout the evening.

It will be a great party, as always. Come and welcome the season with your
friends. Guests are welcome.

NEW MEMBERS

Clark, Roger N. , 549 Torrey St., Klamath Falls, OR 97601
Negus, Richard H. , 140 Tamarack #2, Carlsbad, CA 92008, 434-9808
FROM THE MINUTES-SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB MEETING-October 15, 1987

Richard Herrmann presented a slide program entitled, "San Miguel Island, Jewel of
the Channel Islands. He presented spectacular underwater and topside slides of the
island and surrounding sea life. This northernmost island differs from the other
Channel Islands in the influence of cold water currents. Richard showed a variety of
fishes, sea stars, anemones and sand animals from this beautiful area.

At the business portion of the meeting the slate of officers for 1988 was
presented as follows: President: Bill Romer, Vice President: Bob Yin, Recording
Secretary: Wayne Reed, Treasurer: Margaret Mulliner, Editor: Carole Hertz. The position
of Corresponding Secretary is still unfilled. Nominations from the floor will be
entertained at the November meeting prior to the election of officers.

Bob Yin proposed a two-presentation format for meetings, one formal, longer
talk and one less formal speaker after the refreshment break.

The Christmas Party was discussed. The deadline for reservations is November 19.
(See above) .

The newest business announced, was the arrival of Carol and Bill Romer’s baby on
October 12 at 11:55 P.M.

The delicious cookies were provided by Kay Taylor and Marge Bradner.

Ginny Herrmann

Vol. XIX(ll) : 1987

THE FESTIVUS

Page 112

A SELECTED INDEX TO VOLUME XIX (1987)

ABBOTT, R. TUCKER

A note from R. Tucker Abbott [Cyclotheoa] 72

Concerning Otala lactea (Muller, 1774) 12

[Book review] "New Caribbean molluscan faunas" by E. Petuch 98

BEETLE, DOROTHY E.

The genus Oreohelix (Pulmonata: Oreohelicidae) in two western canyons

of the Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming 66

BERTSCH, HANS

A first report of the marine habitats and biota of the island of

Grenada (southeastern Caribbean) 21

BRADNER, HUGH

Comparisons between John Earle's Easter Island cowrie and Cypraea

oemioa Sowerby, 1870.... 75

Regarding the Easter Island Cypraea oemioa 103

BRATCHER, TWILA

Thyoa orystallina followup 40

BROWN, BILLEE

Report from the COA meeting 81

CHANEY, HENRY W.

Recent contributions to malacology: reviews and comments on two new
shell books ["Atlas of living Olive shells of the world" by Petuch
and Sargent and "Living Terebras of the world" by Bratcher and

Cernohorsky] 51

D ' ATTILIO , ANTHONY

Comments on the variability in shell morphology of Murexiella peregrina
Olivera, 1980, with hitherto unpublished illustrations of the radula

and protoconch. 89

Morphology of the spine in two closely related Fbvartia species:

Favartia (Murexiella) pelepili (D'Attilio & Bertsch, 1980) and

F. (M . ) judithae (D'Attilio & Bertsch, 1980) 63

Remarks on Favartia (Murexiella) perita (Hinds, 1844) (Muricidae) 13

The shell morphology of the varix in two Favartia species: Fbvartia

dorothyae Emerson & D'Attilio, 1979, and Fdvartia munda (Reeve, 1857). 104

Typhisopsis ooronatus and dwarf Typhisala grandis at Costa Rica 32

D'ATTILIO, ANTHONY and CAROLE M. HERTZ

Comparison of Naquetia annandalei (Preston, 1910) and Naquetia barolayi

(Reeve, 1857) 56

D'ATTILIO, ANTHONY and BARBARA W. MYERS

Emended description and designation of lectotypes for Fbvartia
(Murexiella) humilis (Broderip, 1833) and F. (M . ) norrisii
(Reeve, 1845) and discussion of F. (M . ) laurae (E.H. Vokes, 1970):

Muricidae 2

DUSHANE, HELEN

The synonymy of Epitonium (Gyrosaala) lamellosum (Lamarck, 1822) 10

FARMER, WESLEY

The Black Murex, Muricanthus nigritus3 from Bird Rock, La Jolla,

California — fact or fiction? 42

HANSELMAN, GEORGE A.

An aberrant Mopalia (Polyplacophora : Mopaliidae) 19

HERTZ, CAROLE M. [Editor]

A further note on "White Snails" 88

Changes at the San Diego Natural History Museum 74

Correction to Twila Bratcher's "Thyoa crystallina" followup 50

Correction to Donald R. Shasky's "Update on mollusks with

Indo-Pacific faunal af f inities. . .Part VI" 103

Page 113

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XIX(ll): 1987

HERTZ, JULES

Report from the WSM meeting 80

MCLEAN, JAMES H.

Book review: "Seashells of Brazil" by E.C. Rios 8

MCPEAK, RONALD H.

Book review: "A guide to the identification of The Living Corals"

by J.C. Bythell , 18

MILLEN, SANDRA

[Book review] "Nudibranchs of southern Africa" by T. Gosliner 97

MONTOYA, MICHEL, AL LOPEZ and JULIO LOPEZ

Range extensions of several Panamic mollusks based on new records made

in Nicaragua, Part 1 43

MYERS, BARBARA W. and ANTHONY D'ATTILIO

Engina strong-l Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932 (Buccinidae) ; its distribution

and discovery of possible paratypes 94

ROMER, BILL

Shelling in Diego Garcia, British Indian Ocean Territory 108

ROTH, BARRY, CAROLE M. HERTZ and RICHARD CERUTTI

White Snails (Helicidae) in San Diego County, California 84

SHASKY, DONALD R.

Cantharus fragarius (Wood, 1828) at Cocos Island 30

Update on mollusks with Indo-Pacific faunal affinities in the tropical

eastern Pacific-Part V 48

Update on mollusks with Indo-Pacific faunal affinities in the tropical

eastern Pacific-Part VI 100

STOHLER, RUDOLF

Common shell names 36

CLUB

SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB
CHRISTMAS PARTY

December 5, 1987
BRONZE ROOM at the
ADMIRAL KIDD CLUB

Cocktails

Dinner

6:00 P.M.
7:00 P.M.

! ‘-f

cu

i-f

<

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(D

ROSECRANS St.

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met ju

THE FESTIVUS

A publication of the San Diego Shell Club

/

• 0738-9388

Volume: XX

January 14, 1988

Number: 1

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor

Photographer

Bill Romer
Bob Yin
Jules Hertz
Wayne Reed
Margaret Mulliner

Carole M. Hertz
David K. Mulliner

MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego
Shell Club. Single member: $10.00;
Family membership: $12.00;

Overseas (surface mail): $12.00.

Address all correspondence to the
San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883
Mt. Blackburn Ave. , San Diego, CA 92111
Single copies of this issue: $5.00.
Postage is additional

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
R. Tucker Abbott

American Malacologists 3 Inc.

Eugene Coan

Research Associate

California Academy of Sciences

Anthony D'Attilio

Associate

San Diego Natural History Museum

William K. Emerson

American Museum of Natural History

Terrence M. Gosliner

California Academy of Sciences

James H. McLean

Los Angeles County Museum

of Natural History

Barry Roth

Research Associate

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily H. Vokes
Tulane University

The Festivus is published monthly except

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M., December. The publication date appears
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park on the masthead above.

PROGRAM

"Shell Collecting Through History"

Member Wayne Reed will present this illustrated talk and will discuss early
shell collectors and their collections with slides of early engravings and artifacts.

Meeting date: January 21, 1988

CONTENTS

Simnia vidleri at Anacapa Island

RICHARD HERRMANN 1

On the systematic position of Murex permaestus Hedley, 1915, a muricopsine
species

ANTHONY D'ATTILIO 3

Club news 7

Page 2

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(1) : 1988

SIMNIA VIDLERI AT ANACAPA ISLAND

BY

RICHARD HERRMANN

7709 Eads Avenue, La Jolla, California 92037

In mid July 1987 a team of biologists on the research vessel Cormorant dived
off Anacapa Island, California for five days. The Cormorant is the research vessel
of the Channel Islands Research Program (C.I.R.P.), a privately funded program to
study the natural history of the waters surrounding the Channel Islands. The goal of
this cruise was to look at the dynamics of the urchin and coralline algae dominated
areas of the southern coast of East Island.

During a photographic session I noticed relatively large numbers of Simnia
vidleri (Sowerby, 1881) on the red gorgonian Lophogorgia ehilensis (Verrill, 1868).

See Figure 1. In some cases I saw up to four S. vidleri on one gorgonian. Egg masses
were present in many cases, often in association with one or two of the animals
(Figure 1). In one observation, Peter Haaker of the California Department of Fish and
Game reported 10 Simnia on a single gorgonian with egg masses present. Lophogorgia
ehilensis is common in the 30-50 foot boulder-reef area that we were studying and is
easily spotted in the urchin dominated "barrens" as a result of a lack of leafy algae.

Simnia vidleri is not considered a common gastropod in the Southern California
Bight. In personal observations I have seen about four in 1,500 dives. During this
period there were certainly large numbers of S. vidleri at Anacapa Island. In
conversations with others familiar with the biota of Southern California, Anacapa
Island was mentioned as the one site where this gastropod was seen in significant
numbers .

I thank Dave Mulliner for making the black and white print from my 35 mm color -
slide.

Figure 1. Two specimens of Simnia vidleri on the red
gorgonian Lophogorgia ohilensis. Note the eggs laid" on
the gorgonian by the upper specimen of Simnia.

Vol . XX (1) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 3

ON THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF
MU REX PERMAESTUS HEDLEY, 1915, A MURICOPSINE SPECIES

BY

ANTHONY D'ATTILIO

Associate, Department of Marine Invertebrates, San Diego Natural History Museum
Balboa Park, P.O. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112

Introduction

The shell of Murex permaestus Hedley, 1915, superficially resembles specimens of
the Muricinae genus Naquetia Jousseaume, 1880 (type species by O.D. Murex triqueter
Born, 1778). However, examination of the radula of M. permaestus shows it to be
muricopsine .

The nomenclatural status of Murex permaestus Hedley, 1915, was investigated by
Cernohorsky (1971) who placed this taxon in the genus Chieoreus Montfort, 1810. He
concluded that the only known valid name proposed for this poorly known species was
that of Hedley. According to Cernohorsky ' s report on the examination of the lectotype
of Murex eapucinus Lamarck, 1822, that specimen is a large 124.7 mm worn specimen of
Murex torrefaotus Sowerby, 1841. Cernohorsky considered Murex eapucinus Roding, 1798,
because of its nomenclatural problems, to be a nomen dubium.

Material Examined (all SDNHM numbers)

10851 (2 spec.) Philippine Is.

78849 (1 spec.) Roebuck Bay, N.W. Australia

24173 (4 spec.) Cape Dan, N. Australia

83007 (2 spec.) N.W. Cape, W. Australia

72074 (2 spec.) Broome, W. Australia

78854 (1 spec.) Buin, Bougainville,

New Guinea

82957 (1 spec.) Samar, Philippine Is.

78834 (2 spec.) Zamboanga, Philippine Is.

Systematic Account

24177

(4

spec . )

Australia

61619

(1

spec . )

Santa Cruz

, Davao ,

Philippine

\ Is .

78839

(2

spec . )

Zamboanga ,

Philippine

Is

78851

(1

spec . )

Moluccas ,

Indonesia

78940

(1

spec . )

Darwin, N.

W. Australia

78835

(3

spec . )

Zamboanga ,

Philippine

Is

41800

(1

spec . )

Queensland

, Australia

78853

(1

spec . )

Zamboanga ,

Philippine

Is

2490

(1

spec . )

Philippine

Is.

Murex permaestus Hedley, 1915

Purpura capuainus Roding, 1798, nom. dub. [Cernohorsky, 1971]

'Naquetia eapucinus of authors [non Murex eapucinus Lamarck, 1823 = M. torrefaotus

Sowerby, 1841]

Discussion

Murex permaestus is well defined in its shell characters but its systematic
placement is in doubt. The shell has three varices per whorl, composed of low, sharp,
pointed undulating ridges in roughly parallel rows, the earliest broadest and upright
followed by two less prominent ridges. At the shoulder the prominent ridge is recurved
and the sharp points protracted. The ridges continue along the canal edge. Spiral
sculpture is of numerous widely spaced fine nodulose cords with incremental growth
lines well defined. In the brown aperture, the outer lip crenulations are raised into
lirae and swollen into small knobs. The inner lip is smooth.

Page 4

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(1): 1988

A very large specimen (Figures 1 and 2) examined from Zamboanga, Philippine
Islands (SDNHM 78834) measures 96.2 x 49.9 mm. More usual specimens are from 32 to
80 mm in length as noted in Radwin and D'Attilio, 1976, and Cernohorsky, 1971. In
this large specimen (Figures 1 and 2), the entire shell has a relatively thick white
calcitic layer over the brown under-surface. This layer is worn off on the most
elevated portions of the surface sculpture. When overcleaned, the shell of this
species appears entirely dark brown in color. In young specimens the white coating
resembles a thin translucent soapy layer which differs from intriticalx (D'Attilio
and Radwin, 1971).

Figures 1 and 2. Mur ex permaestus Hedley, 1915, SDNHM 78834, 96.2 mm L from
Zamboanga, Philippine Islands. (1) dorsal view (2) apertural view

Photos: D.K. Mulliner

The radula was obtained from a 51 mm specimen (SDNHM 72074) shown here in
Figures 3 and 4. The specimen was taken at Broome, West Australia in the early 1970s
by Mr. D. Tietzel. Examination of the radula revealed that it is typical of the
subfamily Muricopsinae with the prominent central cusp projecting forward and the two
lateral cusps which, large also, project away from the rachidian plate (Figure 5).

The Muricinae radula, in contrast, is relatively flattened without arching or forward
thrusting cusps on the rachidian plate.

On the basis of the muricopsine radula, placement of this species in Ch'iooreus or
Naquetia seems untenable. The determination of the systematic position of this species
is complicated because on shell morphology it superficially resembles /I laquetia species,
but that genus is in the subfamily Muricinae whereas the radula of Mur ex permaestus
is Muricopsinae.

Since there are no known close congeners, the species is probably monotypic.

Vol . XX(1) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 5

Figures 3 and 4. Muvex pevmaestus , SDNHM 72074, 51.0 mm L, from Broome, West
Australia (3) dorsal view (4) apertural view. Photos: D.K. Mulliner

Figure 5. Muvex pevmaestus 3 four views of the radula from specimen SDNHM 72074

Page 6

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(1) : 1988

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I gratefully acknowledge the assistance of David K. Mulliner for the photography.
The late George E. Radwin extracted and mounted the radula.

LITERATURE CITED

CERNOHORSKY, WALTER 0.

1971. Contribution to the taxonomy of the Muricidae. Veliger 14 (2 ): 187-191 ,
figs. 1-12.

D ’ ATTILIO , ANTHONY AND GEORGE E. RADWIN

1971. The intritaaalx , an undescribed shell layer in mollusks. Veliger 13(4) :344
347, 1 pi., 1 text fig.

HEDLEY, CHARLES.

1915. Studies on Australian Mollusca, pt. 12. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales
39:676-755, pis. 1-7.

LAMARCK, JEAN- BAPTISTE P.A. DE MON.

1822. Histoire naturelles des animaux sans vertebres. Paris. 7:1-711.

RADWIN, GEORGE E. AND ANTHONY D' ATTILIO

1976. Murex shells of the world. Stanford Univ. Press. Stanford. 284 pp., 32 pis
over 192 text figs.

RODING, J.F

1798. Museum Boltenianum. .. Hamburg . 199 pp.

SOWERBY, GEORGE B. II

1841. The conchological illustrations. Murex. pis. 187-199.

Vol. XX (1) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 7

CLUB NEWS

THE ANNUAL CLUB CHRISTMAS DINNER PARTY

Forty-eight members and guests assembled in the Bronze Room of the Admiral Kidd
Club for one of the best Club Christmas parties ever.

The lovely room was enhanced by poinsettias in shells as table decorations
arranged by June King and shell candydish favors prepared by Ginny Herrmann as well
as the tree with shell and Christmas ornaments brought by Bill Romer.

Following a delicious dinner, Master of Ceremonies Richard Herrmann led the
proceedings. The new board was introduced, the old board thanked for its efforts
and John Souder, host for the evening, was introduced. All were given a round of
applause. Outgoing President Wes Farmer presented "thank you" shell gifts to his
board and others who helped him during the year, and Editor Carole Hertz thanked the
Club for its support and recognized those whose efforts were essential to The
Festivus — Dave Mulliner, Jules Hertz and Barbara Myers. Richard then introduced the
program for the evening — mini-slide presentations of places visited by Club members
during the year. The many beautiful images were enjoyed by all.

The last and eagerly awaited finale to the proceedings, the shell gift exchange,
was great fun as always. A hum of ooohs and aahs could be heard as the gifts chosen
from under the tree were unwrapped and their contents revealed.

It was a grand beginning to the holiday season.

FROM THE MINUTES - SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB MEETING - 19 NOVEMBER 1987

The Club speaker was Bert Draper who gave a fascinating slide presentation
entitled "How Gastropods Make Their Shells." He also had a display of sectioned shells
to highlight his talk. He discussed shell composition, the role of the mantle and
the effects of the environment on the shell.

After the refreshment break with delicious cookies provided by Debbie and Larry
Catarius and an unknown donor, there was a brief business meeting.

The election of officers for 1988 was held and the slate of officers was elected
by unanimous vote. President Bill Romer, Vice President Bob Yin, Treasurer Margaret
Mulliner, Recording Secretary Wayne Reed, Editor Carole Hertz. The board still
lacks a corresponding secretary.* The officers will be installed at the Christmas
Party. The shell drawing was won by Margaret Mulliner.

Ginny Herrmann, Acting Secretary

* After the Christmas party, Jules Hertz volunteered to be corresponding secretary
and this was unanimously approved by the board.

CHANGE OF ADDRESS

Buck, Larry, 2534 Via Pisa, Del Mar, CA 92014, 792-5404

ANNOUNCEMENT OF NEW BOOK

A FIELD GUIDE TO MOLLUSCAN SPAWN, VOL. I by Beatrice E. Winner, 1987.

Price: $9.95 + $1.50 shipping, prepaid, "illustrated by many photos of shells, their
egg masses and their modes of fertilization and reproduction..." plus general and
common name indices. Number of pages or illustrations not given. For further
information write to: E.B.M., P.0. Box 14923, North Palm Beach, FL 33408.

■

■

J

.

.

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor

Photographer

Bill Romer
Bob Yin
Jules Hertz
Wayne Reed
Margaret Mulliner

Carole M. Hertz
David K. Mulliner

MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego
Shell Club. Single member: $10.00;
Family membership: $12.00;

Overseas (surface mail): $12.00.

Address all correspondence to the
San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883
Mt. Blackburn Ave. , San Diego, CA 92111
Single copies of this issue: $5.00.
Postage is additional

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
R. Tucker Abbott

American Malacologists > Inc.

Eugene Coan

Research Associate

California Academy of Sciences

Anthony D’Attilio

Associate

San Diego Natural History Museum

William K. Emerson

American Museum of Natural History

Terrence M. Gosliner

California Academy of Sciences

James H. McLean

Los Angeles County Museum

of Natural History

Barry Roth

Research Associate

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily H. Vokes
Tulane University

The Festivus is published monthly except

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M., December. The publication date appears
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park on the masthead above.

PROGRAM

Norbert Wu, a graduate student at Scripps Institution of Oceanography will be
our speaker. Mr. Wu was an underwater still photographer with the Cousteau expedition
to New Zealand and his photography was on exhibit at the Lawrence Hall of Science in
San Francisco. He will present a slide program entitled:

"Life in a Kelp Forest"

Meeting date: February 18, 1988

CONTENTS

Excerpts from the 1988 tide calendar for the northern Gulf of California 9

Cymatium gibbosum at Palos Verdes

LARRY CATARIUS 10

A note on the distribution of Siratus yliciferoides (Kuroda, 1942)

ANTHONY D’ATTILIO and BARBARA W. MYERS 11

Club news 15

Page 9.

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX ( 2 ) : 1988

EXCERPTS FROM THE 1988 TIDE CALENDAR FOR THE NORTHERN GULF OF

CALIFORNIA

The entries listed below will show only periods of low tides of -4.0 feet *
and below. The tidal measurements, in this calendar prepared by The Department
of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, are for Puerto Penasco
and are given in Mountain Standard Time. To correct for San Felipe, subtract one
hour from listed times (San Felipe is on Pacific Standard Time). For Bahia de Los
Angeles, add 15-30 minutes to calendar predictions (the amplitude at Bahia de Los
Angeles is about one-half of calendar measurements). Tides at Santa Rosalia and
Guaymas cannot be estimated using this calendar. [Interpretation of tide calendar
is approximate.]

February

June

14.

-3.8

at

6:00

P.M.

29.

-4.0

at

8:00

A.M.

15.

-5.0

at

7:00

P.M.

30.

-4.2

at

8:30

A.M.

16.

-6.1

at

7:30

P.M.

July

17.

-6.5

at

8:00

P.M.

28.

-4.8

at

7:30

A.M.

18.

-4.4

at

8:30

A.M.

29.

-5.8

at

8:00

A.M.

-6.1

at

8:30

P.M.

30.

-5.9

at

8:30

A.M.

19.

-4.7

at

9:00

A.M.

31.

-4.2

at

9:30

A.M.

-5.0

at

9:00

P.M.

20.

-4.1

at

9:30

A.M.

August

25.

-4.0

at

6:30

A.M.

March

26.

-5.5

at

6:50

A.M.

15.

-4.0

at

6:00

P.M.

27.

-6.0

at

7:15

A.M.

16.

-3.9

at

6:30

A.M.

-3.9

at

8:15

P.M.

-5.9

at

6:30

P.M.

28.

-5.9

at

8:30

A.M.

17.

-4.9

at

7:00

A.M.

-4.2

at

9:00

P.M.

-5.9

at

7:15

P.M.

29.

-4.4

at

9:30

A.M.

18.

-6.0

at

7:30

A.M.

-4.0

at

9:30

P.M.

-4.9

at

7:45

P.M.

19.

-5.9

at

8:00

A.M.

September

-3.9

at

8:30

P.M.

23.

-3.9

at

6:00

A.M.

20.

-4.3

at

9:00

A.M.

24.

-4.4

at

6:30

A.M.

-4.1

at

7:00

P.M.

April

25.

-4.9

at

8:00

A.M.

2.

-4.0

at

8:00

A.M.

-4.9

at

8:30

P.M.

3.

-3.9

at

8:30

A.M.

26.

-4.2

at

8:30

A.M.

4.

-3.9

at

8:30

A.M.

-4.5

at

8:00

P.M.

14.

-4.0

at

7:00

A.M.

27.

-4.2

at

9:00

P.M.

-3.9

at

6:45

P.M.

15.

-5.0

at

7:00

A.M.

October

-3.8

at

7:30

P.M.

23.

-4.2

at

7:00

P.M.

16.

-5.9

at

7:15

A.M.

24.

-5.5

at

7:30

P.M.

17.

-5.0

at

8:15

A.M.

25.

-5.6

at

8:00

P.M.

18.

-3.9

at

9:00

A.M.

26.

-4.2

at

8:30

P.M.

May

November

2.

-4.0

at

8:00

A.M.

21..

-3.9

at

6:15

P.M.

3.

-3.8

at

8:30

A.M.

22.

-4.0

at

6:50

P.M.

14.

-3.9

at

7:00

A.M.

23.

-4.1

at

7:00

P.M.

15.

-4.1

at

7:30

A.M.

24.

-3.8

at

7:45

P.M.

16.

-4.0

at

8:00

A.M.

Slightly higher tides are listed when in conjunction with a series of
-4 foot tides and below.

Vol . XX ( 2 ) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 10

CYMATIUM GIBBQSUM AT PALOS VERDES

BY

LARRY CATARIUS

4173 Galt Street, San Diego, California 92117

On Saturday June 11, 1983, Bob Pike of Buena Park and I were diving in 13.7 meters
(45 feet) of water off Palos Verdes, California. We were looking for Ptevopuvpuva
trialata (Sowerby, 1844) on sand next to rocks when I collected a live, 42.6 mm
specimen of Cymatium gibbosum (Broderip, 1833) (Figures 1 and 2).

Figures 1 and 2. Cymatium gibbosum (Broderip, 1833), apertural and dorsal views.
Length: 42.6 mm. Location: Palos Verdes, California in 13.7 m. Photos: D. Mulliner

Upon surfacing, I showed it to Bob and we decided to make a second dive in the
same area and look for more. No others were found. Bob took the specimen home and
put it in his aquarium where it lived for another three months. It was not observed
feeding in the aquarium.

This species has not been reported from this area in recent years. Keen's
(1971:508) SEA SHELLS OF TROPICAL WEST AMERICA reports it from Sonora, Mexico to
the Galapagos Islands and Peru and C. adairensis _, a possible subspecies with coarser
sculpture, restricted to the northern Gulf of California. However, Dali in 1921 in
the USNM BULLETIN 112, page 141, listed the species from "San Pedro and San Diego,
California, to Panama."

Page 11

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX (2) : 1988

A NOTE ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF SIRATUS PL I C I FERO IDES (KURODA, 1942)

BY

ANTHONY D ' ATTILIO and BARBARA W. MYERS

Associates, Department of Marine Invertebrates, San Diego Natural History Museum,
Balboa Park, P.O. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112

Siratus pticiferoides (Kuroda, 1942) was first described by Sowerby in 1841 as
Murex pliaiferus [ non Bivona-Bernardi, 1832] . The shell is large (maximum 130+ mm) ,
fusiform with a moderately long siphonal canal.

Until recently the distribution of Siratus plieiferoid.es has been confined to
the northern portion of the western Pacific, i.e. Japan, China, Taiwan and the
Philippine Islands (Figures 1-4). When Sowerby described Murex ptieiferus, he gave
no type locality for the species. His specimen was from the collection of Hugh
Cuming, who often kept collecting data separate from his specimens with the intention
of adding the information at a later date (Dance, 1966). We might tentatively
establish the Philippine Islands as the type locality since Cuming reached the
northern extension of the Philippines on his thrid voyage (Dance, 1966). No evidence
has been found that he collected in China, Japan or Taiwan. In addition, the
coloration of Sowerby’s illustration (Conch. Illus., pi. 195, fig. 101) is more
nearly like that of Philippine Island specimens, i.e., with brown stripes rather
than the almost dead white of the Japanese shell.

Figures 1 and 2. Siratus pticiferoid.es (Kuroda, 1942). SDNHM 79054, from Kii, Japan.
Size: 102.1 x 47.0 mm, dorsal and apertural views Photos: D. Mulliner

Vol . XX (2) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 12

Figures 3 and 4. Siratus pliciferoides . SDNHM 62005, from Batangas Bay, Philippine
Islands, Size: 118.5 x 54.0 mm, dorsal and ventral views. Photos: D. Mulliner

We have specimens in the San Diego Natural History Museum (#85998) collected
and donated by Don Pisor that were dredged from 120 m off Russell Island, Solomon
Islands, in April 1985 (Figures 5 and 6). Houart (1986) mentions one specimen
collected from 200 m off Balade, New Caledonia.

Specimens recently dredged in 500 m off Rowley Shoals, Port Hedland, northwest
Australia are in the Charles Glass and Robert Foster collection, and extend the
distribution southwest into the Indian Ocean (Figures 7 and 8).

Radwin and D'Attilio (1976) and Houart (1986) placed Murex (Siratus) propinquus
Kuroda and Azuma, 1961, in the synonymy of Siratus pliciferoides, and Houart also
synonymized Siratus hirasei Shikama, 1973. Without studying type material, we make
no comments regarding these taxa.

Over its wide distribtuion the species changes very little in shell morphology.
The differences are mainly in the number of varical spines, thickness of the varices
and depth of the depressed area on the receding side of the varices. The specimens
from the Solomon Islands lack any spination and appear more robust than the specimens
from other areas. Mention is made by Sowerby (1879) of a specimen with a
"spiniferous webbed appendage above the angle on the varices." Shikama (1973) il-
lustrates Siratus hirasei as having a webbed appearance. Figures 7 and 8 from
northwest Australia show a webbed flange on the varices of the body whorl. Most
frequently the shell is colored white to cream and occasionally two ephemeral rust
color bands appear on the body whorl. Some specimens, especially Philippine Island
examples, have rust color on the surface of the spiral threads.

Suggestions that Siratus viedani Kosuge, 1980, may represent the immature stages
of S. pliciferoides cannot be determined without a growth series of S. pliciferoides.
There appears, nonetheless, to be a close relationship between the two species.

t'age 13

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(2): 1988

Figures 5 and 6. S. pZicifevozdes . SDNHM 85998, from Russell Island , Solomon Islands,
dredged 100-120 m. Size: 103.6 x 51.4 mm, dorsal and ventral views. Photos. D. Mulliner

Figures 7 and 8. S. plicifevoides . Glass and Foster collection, 97.2 mm, from
northwest Australia, dorsal and apertural views. Photos: C. Glass

Vol. XX(2) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 14

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We wish to express our gratitude to Charles Glass and Robert Foster of Santa
Barbara, California, for the loan of specimens for study and for the photographs
used for Figures 7 and 8. We also thank David K. Mulliner of San Diego, California
for the other photographs used in this paper, namely Figures 1-6.

LITERATURE CITED

DANCE, S.P.

1966. SHELL COLLECTING AN ILLUSTRATED HISTORY. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley.
343 pp . , 35 pis .

HOUART, R.

1986. Mollusca Gastropoda: noteworthy Muricidae from the Pacific Ocean, with
description of seven new species. Mem. Mus. Nat. Hist. Natur. 1985.
ser. A. Zoology 133:427-444, pis. 1-5.

KURODA, T.

1942. Two Japanese murices whose names have been preoccupied. Venus 12(1-2):
80-81.

KURODA, T. and M. AZUMA 'in Azuma.

1961. Descriptions of six new species of Japanese marine Gastropoda. Venus
21(3): 296-303, text figs. 7, 10.

KOSUGE, S.

1980. Descriptions of three new species of the family Muricidae (Gastropoda
Muricacea) . Bull. Inst. Malac. Tokyo l(4):53-56, pis. 14-15.

RADWIN, G.E. and A. D'ATTILIO.

1976. MUREX SHELLS OF THE WORLD, AN ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO THE MURICIDAE.

Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, CA 284 pp., 32 pis., 192 text figs.

SHIKAMA, T.

1973. Description of new marine Gastropoda from the east and south China Seas.
Sci. Repts. Yokohama Nat. Univ. Sec. II, #20, 8 pp., 2 pis.

SOWERBY, G.B. II

1841. Conch. Illus. Muvex3 pts. 187-199. London.

1879. Thesaurus Conchyl. Monograph of the genus Murex3 55 pp . , 24 pis.

Page 15

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(2) : 1988

CLUB NEWS

FROM THE. MINUTES - SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB MEETING - JANUARY 21, 1938

Wayne Reed, the evening's speaker, presented an illustrated talk on "Shell
Collecting Through History." He discussed early collectors and their collections
with slides of engravings and artifacts from early Pompeii to Victorian times. The
collectors included Pliny the Elder, Martin Lister, George Rumphius, Captain Bligh,

Hugh Cuming, Edgar Allan Poe and Robert Louis Stevenson. There were many interesting
slides including several displays that Wayne put together and had photographed of
artifacts and shells that might have been typical of European Renaissance collections.

As part of the business meeting, Jules Hertz read announcements of the upcoming
WSM meeting at Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California from July 17-21, 1988
and the COA meeting in Ft. Myers, Florida, from July 11-15, 1988.

Larry Buck volunteered his house for the September party and the Christmas party
is now set at the Admiral Kidd Club on December 3, 1988. President Bill Romer
discussed the April auction and asked for someone to volunteer their house for the
evening; he also asked that members start bringing shells for the auction to the
next meeting.

Cookies for the evening were provided by Wayne Reed and Margaret Mulliner.

The door prize was won by new member, Maria Goldstein.

Jules Hertz, Acting Recording Secretary

NEW MEMBERS

Kim and Don Avilez , 5481 Los Robles, Carlsbad, CA 92008

Maria and Raymond Goldstein, 1183 Loma Portal Dr., El Cajon, CA 92020, 449-9179

NEW PUBLICATION RECEIVED

"List of Publications, 1954-1986, compiled by R.M.C. Thompson. 1987. Division
of marine and freshwater science. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, DSIR. Wellington.
135 pages

DUES ARE DUE

Make checks payable to San Diego Shell Club and mail to Club address. See
front page of this issue.

THE ANNUAL AUCTION/POTLUCK

A home is needed for the Club's annual auction which is held on a Saturday
evening in April. If you are willing to host this party, please contact either
Bill Romer (278-2389) or Carole Hertz (277-6259).

THE ANNUAL CHRISTMAS PARTY —1988

Mark your calendars. The annual Christmas dinner party will be on Saturday
evening December 3 at the Admiral Kidd Club. This year it will be held in the New
York Room an the main floor facing out on the water.

V

n%

ISSN: 0738-9388

Volume: XX

THE FESTIVUS

A publication of the San Diego Shell Club

March 10, 1988

Number: 3

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor

Photographer

Bill Romer
Bob Yin
Jules Hertz
Wayne Reed
Margaret Mulliner

Carole M. Hertz
David K. Mulliner

MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego
Shell Club. Single member: $10.00;
Family membership: $12.00;

Overseas (surface mail): $12.00.

Address all correspondence to the
San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883
Mt. Blackburn Ave. , San Diego, CA 92111
Single copies of this issue: $5.00.
Postage is additional

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
R. Tucker Abbott

American Malacologists 3 Inc.

Eugene Coan

Research. Associate

California Academy of Sciences

Anthony D'Attilio

Associate

San Diego Natural History Museum

William K. Emerson

American Museum of Natural History

Terrence M. Gosliner

California Academy of Sciences

James H. McLean

Los Angeles County Museum

of Natural History

Barry Roth

Research Associate

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily H. Vokes
Tulane University

The Festivus is published monthly except

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M., December. The publication date appears
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park on the masthead above.

PROGRAM

"SHELL COLLECTING IN NORTHWESTERN AUSTRALIA"

Don Pisor, Club member and local shell dealer who has led many successful
tours for shell enthusiasts will present this video program.

Meeting date: March 17, 1988

CONTENTS

A cautionary note to editors and authors

CAROLE M. HERTZ 17

Detailed studies of the morphology of the varical flange in two Favartia
species: F avartia rosamiae and A. leonae

ANTHONY D'ATTILIO 18

An Argonauta shell found in San Diego

JULES HERTZ 22

Club news 25

Page 17

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(3) : 1988

A CAUTIONARY NOTE TO EDITORS AND AUTHORS

BY

CAROLE M. HERTZ

In the recent past, two articles have been published, one in LAS CONCHAS (the
newsletter of the Pacific Shell Club) and the other in the LOS ANGELES TIMES, which
discuss soon-to-be-named new molluscan species. In both, the proposed names are
used before the descriptions of these species appear in the scientific literature.

The January 3rd, 1988, issue of LAS CONCHAS, postmarked December 24, 1987,
carried an article by A1 Lopez entitled, "Two new Agavonia species," which gives
the names of two new species and briefly discusses them and, in only broad terms,
their relationships to previously named species. (The December 24th date would
have to be taken as the date of publication.) This article preceded the January 4,
1988, paper in THE VELIGER (vol. 30 (3) :295-304) by Lopez, Montoya and Lopez, "A
review of the genus Agavonia (Olividae) in the Panamic province and the description
of two new species from Nicaragua."

In the UPI release carried in the LOS ANGELES TIMES of January 2, 1988, Peter
Ward of the University of Washington is interviewed concerning a new species of
Nautilus (pictured in the piece) on display at the Seattle Aquarium. It had been
captured by Dr. Ward off Vanuatu, New Hebrides, in December 1987. The article
quoted Dr. Ward as stating that he "is thinking of naming the new species Nautilus
vanuatuensis . ..."

Using the names of new taxa in this way, prior to their publication in the
scientific literature, is an unwise practice on the part of the editors and authors
involved. In some cases, such news articles could inadvertently become the
"official" publications of the taxa.

According to the Third edition (February 1985) of the INTERNATIONAL
CODE OF ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE, a new species to be "available" (for use as a
scientific name) need only fulfill the following requirements [paraphrased] :

(1) be published for the permanent scientific record by a method that assures
numerous identical copies that are obtainable, when first issued, free or by
purchase ;

(2) have a name spelled in Latin letters and used as a valid scientific name
when published;

(3) follow the principles of binomial nomenclature; and

(4) be accompanied by a description or definition that states in words characters
that are purported to differentiate the taxon

Fortunately, the fourth requirement is not met by the newspaper account of
Ward's new Nautilus , which has only a photograph, and it is not met by the LAS CONCHAS
mention of the new species of Agavonia.

Nevertheless, editors, authors, and scientists being interviewed by newspaper
writers, must use caution in allowing the names of new taxa to appear in any
literature prior to their formal descriptions in scientific journals. If in doubt,
such taxa can be discussed in general terms, given informal, "common names," or
called "new species A."'

I thank Dr. Eugene Coan for reading a draft of this article and for offering
helpful suggestions.

Vol. XX(3) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 18

DETAILED STUDIES OF THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE VARICAL FLANGE IN
TWO FAVARTIA SPECIES: FAVARTIA ROSAMIAE AND F. LEONAE

BY

ANTHONY D'ATTILIO

Associate, Department of Marine Invertebrates, San Diego Natural History Museum,
Balboa Park, P.O. Box 1390, San Diego, CA 92112

This second illustrative commentary (see Festivus, Nov. 1987) deals with the
microsculpture of two other small Favartia species: Favartia rosamiae and F. leonae
both of D'Attilio and Myers, 1985. These two species are of more than passing
interest for the complexity in sculptural morphology and because, in their growth to
full maturity, their ontogeny undergoes a significant change in the last or mature
varix. The body whorl in these species has one less varix than the previous whorls
and this type of growth change is atypical of the Muricidae as a whole except for a
number of aspelloid species.

The illustration of this microsculpture is achieved by camera lucida drawings
for the outline and contours and sufficient shading to further enhance a clearly
visual concept of the forms. A further note must be born in mind regarding studies
such as these and that is that no two specimens, even in the same breeding population,
are ever precisely the same. Genetics, with the uniqueness of the individual, works
as clearly with the molluscan shell as it does with higher forms of life.

With the exception of the sculpture following the penultimate varix of the body
whorl, Favartia rosamiae (Figures 1 and 2) has strong raised scabrous cords on the
entire shell with two on the spire and five on the body whorl. After the penultimate
varix, the shell lacks the scabrous cords of the preceding intervarical areas (Figure 2).

Figures 1 and 2. Favartia rosamiae D’Attilio and Myers, 1985, apertural (1) and
dorsal (2) views of Paratype A, SDNHM 85101, 15 mm L, Okinawa Photos: D. Mulliner

Page 19

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(3) : 1988

The most remarkable feature of the ontogeny of the varices in this species
(Figure 3A-3C) is the change from a posteriorly produced flange on the ante-
penultimate varix (3A) gradually broadening anteriorly on the penultimate varix (3B)
until the final varix (3C) when the spinose portions of the entire flange are equally

Figure 3A-3C. Favartia vosamiae , details of the varices on the body
whorl in Paratype A, greatly enlarged (A) antepenultimate varix
(B) penultimate varix (C) final varix

A detail of the scabrous cords of
all but the final intervarical area
is shown in Figure 4. These
cords, appearing to emanate one
segment from the other are cut
/ by striae along their length
[ and between the cords

additional transverse and
growth lines are visible.

Figure 4. F. rosamiae detail of sculpture of shoulder
spine and one below on penultimate whorl, greatly enlarged

Vol . XX(3) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 20

Favartia leonae (Figures 5 and 6) in its ontogeny parallels that of E rosamiae

but lacks its strongly raised squamose cords (Figure 4)j the transverse sculpture
in F. leonae is much reduced. In F. leonae the tnree final varices (Figures 7A-7C)

demonstrate an even more remarkable change than F. rosamiae in that the posterior
spinosity in the antepenultimate (7A) and penultimate (7B) varices is stronger than
that of F. rosamiae while on the final varix all vestiges of spinosity have dis-
appeared and the anterior portion is replaced by a broad flange (7C). In the
apertural view (Figure 5) the unusual change on the final varix may be mistaken for a
broken spine.

To my knowledge, these two species, in the elimination of what would be the
penultimate varix on the body whorl land the complete change in shell morphology of
the final varix, are unusual in the Muricidae.

Figures 5 and 6. Favartia leonae D'Attilio and Myers, 1985, apertural (5) and
dorsal (6) views of holotype, SDNHM 81638, 14.2 mm L, Okinawa Photos: D. Mulliner

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I wish to thank David K. Mulliner for the photography of the two species
illustrated herein.

LITERATURE CITED

D'ATTILIO, ANTHONY and BARBARA W. MYERS

1985. Two new species of Favartia from the west Pacific Ocean (Gastropoda:
Muricidae). Nautilus 99 (2-3) : 58-61 , 11 figs.

Page 21

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(3) : 1988

A

Figure 7A-C. F. leonae, details of the varices on the body whorl, greatly enlarged,
(A) antepenultimate varix (B) penultimate varix (C) final varix

STUDENT RESEARCH GRANT IN MALACOLOGY

The SAnta Barbara Shell Club announces a single research grant up to $1,000.
to support student research in malacology through the Sara T. DeLaney Scholarship.

The grant is available to:

a full time student in a formal graduate degree program (Master's or Doctorate)
with the thesis or dissertation topic primarily focused on some aspect of eastern
Pacific or west American malacology (including North, Central and South America). The
research topic may involve marine, land or freshwater mollusks. Research currently
in progress or beginning in the 1988-89 academic year will be considered.

Include with each application : (1) a proposal, limited to three pages discussing
the research project and detailing work to be aided by this grant and its malacological
significance (2) a budget outlining use of the funds (3) a curriculum vitae or resume
(4) letter of recommendation from applicant's thesis advisor (5) list of grants and
amounts currently being received or anticipated in the 1988-89 academic year.

Projects to be considered for funding are: (1) purchase of research materials such as
chemicals, photographic supplies, field collecting equipment, dissecting and optical
accessories, computer supplies, etc. (2) electron microscope usage fees and mainframe
computer time (3) travel costs to visit museums or institutions which have collections
or resources vital to the research topic.

Completed applications must be received no later than 1 June 1988. Awards will
be announced by 15 August 1988. Send applications to:

Sara T. DeLaney Scholarship, Santa Barbara Shell Club., P.0. Box 30191,

Santa Barbara, CA 93130

For further information, contact Paul Scott, (805) 682-4711

Vol . XX(3) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 22

AN ARGONAUTA SHELL FOUND IN SAN DIEGO

BY

JULES HERTZ

3883 Mt . Blackburn Avenue, San Diego, California 92111

On 20 December 1987, I collected a shell of an Argonauta in beach drift at the
northwest end of Tourmaline Surfing Beach, Pacific Beach, San Diego, California.

The shell, the egg case of a female Argonauta , was slightly damaged and measured
27.7 mm in length. In over twenty years of collecting on this particular beach and
others in the San Diego area, this is the first time I have found the shell of an
Argonauta. There had been high tides the previous day and this may have brought
the shell in from far offshore.

The shell pictured in Figures 1 to 3 compares well with the drawings of the
holotype of Argonauta comutus Conrad, 1854 (= A. expansus Dali, 1872) herewith
reprinted as Figure 4 and is very similar to the holotype of A. expansus figured
by Dali (1902) and by Keen (1971). A. eomutus is reported from the Gulf of
California to Panama. Conrad's original description stated, "...back with inter-
rupted undulations and distant unequal tubercles; whole surface except the umbo
minutely papillose. Angle of the lip with a spine nearly at right angles with the
length of the shell; surface white and destitute of polish; submargin of sinus and
the spine dark purple." The shell found at Pacific Beach differs in several ways

Figures 1-3. An Argonauta shell from Pacific Beach, three views (1) side view
(2) interior view (3) dorsal view Photos: D.K. Mulliner

Page 23

THE FESTIVUS

Vol. XX ( 3 ) : 1988

from the description of the type of A. oomutus.

First, the shell is polished both inside and out.

In addition, the surface looks smooth externally,
although under 10X magnification a very finely papil-
lose surface is apparent. I have a lot of four shells
found at Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico which closely
matches the original description of A. oomutus.

Each of the shells in the lot are destitute of polish
and even the smallest one, which is approximately the
same size as the one from Pacific Beach, has a much
more pronounced papillose (granulose) surface. A lot
in the San Diego Natural History Museum, SDNHM 22013,
contains five shells collected by H.N. Lowe in 1929
at La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico and identified
as A. expansa Dali, 1872. These shells were later
identified by S.S. Berry as A. oomutus. These
shells are approximately 25 to 75 mm in length and
are very variable with the smallest shell less papil-
lose, less broad in the keel, less tuberculate and
have less black on the tubercules.

Assuming that the Pacific Beach shell is not A.
oomutus _, then what other possibilities exist? The
most likely are Argonauta nouryi Lorois, 1852 (= A.
gruneri Dunker, 1852) and Argonauta paoifious Dali,

1869, both possibilities figured by Keen (1971).

A. nouryi is widespread and ranges on the Pacific west
coast from southern California to Peru. The shell is
more elliptical than A. oomutus 3 has a wider and more
weakly tuberculate keel ,. and a finely granular tex-
ture. A specimen donated to the San Diego Natural

History Museum (SDNHM 87759) by Don Pisor and reported from Baja California, Mexico
is white, glossy, less tuberculate, more elliptical and shows almost no expansion
of the spine projections of the lip. It appears as a more fragile and open shell.

Argonauta paoifious , reported from southern California through the Gulf of
California and southward to the Galapagos Islands and Peru, is a shell which looks
identical to Argonauta argo Linnaeus, 1758, a worldwide species. Dali (1371) dis-
cussed in detail many differences in the animals of A. paoifious and A. argo3
although his material was "rather limited." A. paoifious is a whitish shell rather
compressed at the basal keel, which is narrow, finely tuberculate, and suffused with
black. The San Diego Natural History Museum contains lots of A. paoifious from
Imperial Beach, California (1 shell, #4106) , San Pedro, California (2 shells, #22003)
and La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico (4 shells, #22000). These shells are
generally opaque white, finely granular, and have varying degrees of axial expansion
in the projections of the lip (varying from approximately 0 to 45 degrees). The lot
of A. paoifious San Pedro looks identical to a lot of three shells of A. argo from
Sea Breeze, Florida, both lots having varying degrees of expansion and both lots
having pinkish coloration around the lip spine.

The two long axial expansions shown in the figured specimen from Pacific Beach
seems to be a variable characteristic within a species and cannot be used to distin-
guish one species from another. Johnson and Snook (1967) show a drawing of A.
paoifious with an expanded lip and Abbott (1974) shows a drawing of A. argo with long
axial expansions almost perpendicular to the axis. Dali (1908) in his summary on

Figure 4. Argonauta oomutus s
from Conrad , (1854) , 2 views

Vol . XX(3) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 24

Argonauta stated that "the granulation of the surface is not a specific character"
and noted "that young specimens of nearly all the larger forms are for a time
distinctly auriculate, but may become simple in the adult stage."

It is doubtful that the single small specimen figured here could ever be iden-
tified to a given species. Given the variability within shells of a species, ident
fication would be questionable without knowledge of the animal.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am indebted to Dave Mulliner for the photographs of the Argonauta shell and
to the Marine Invertebrate Department of the San Diego Natural History Museum for
permission to study their collection.

LITERATURE CITED

ABBOTT, R.T.

1974. American Seashells, 2nd ed . , Van Nostrand Rheinhold, 663 pp. , 6405 text
figs . , 24 pis .

CONRAD, T. A.

1854. Monograph of the genus Argonauta , Linne, with descriptions of five new
species. Jour. ANSP ser. 2 (2 ): 331-334 , pi. 34 (Feb.)

DALL, W.H.

1869. Notes on the Argonaut. Amer. Naturalist 3(5):236-239 (July)

1871. Descriptions of sixty new forms of mollusks from the west coast of North
America and the north Pacific Ocean, with notes on others already
described. Amer. Jour. Conch. 7(2):93-160, pis. 13-16 (Nov. 2)

1872. Descriptions of new species of Mollusca from the northwest coast of
America. Proc. CAS 4:303

1902. Illustrations and descriptions of new, unfigured , or imperfectly known

shells chiefly American in the U.S. National Museum. Proc. USNM 24(1264)
499-566, pis. 27-40 (Mar. 31)

1908. Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America
to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of
California. . .XIV. The Mollusca and Brachiopoda. Bull MCZ, Harvard 43(6):
205-487, pis. 1-22 (Oct.)

JOHNSON, M.E. and H.J. SNOOK

1967. Seashore Animals of the Pacific Coast. Dover Pub., NY. 659 pp . , 700 figs

LINNAEUS, C

1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae. 10th ed. reformata, Stockholm,
vol. 1, Regnum animales, 824 pp (Jan. 1)

Lorois, E.L.

1852. Description d'une nouvelle espece du genre Argonaute. Rev. Mag. de Zool.
ser. 2(4):9-10, pi. 1 (not seen)

KEEN, A.M.

1971. Sea Shells of Tropical West America, 2nd ed., Stanford’ Univ. Press,
Stanford, CA. , 1064 pp. , 22 pis., ca 4000 text figs.

Page 25

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(3): 1988

CLUB NEWS

FROM THE MINUTES - SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB - FEBRUARY 18, 1988

Secretary Jules Hertz called the meeting to order and introduced the speaker
for the evening, Norbert Wu. Mr. Wu's slide presentation, "Life in a Kelp Forest"
began with pictures of silvery schools of anchovies and sardines, tuna, and shots of
dolphin and sharks. He linked sea otters with healthier kelp forests and discussed
earlier problems with DDT contamination in pelican eggs. There were numerous
dramatic closeups in the kelp forest; strawberry anemones, pinstripe shrimp on bat
stars, lobsters, flying fish off Santa Barbara, and many other fantastic views in the
coastal waters off Monterey and San Diego. Perhaps most memorable were colorful and
vivid images of beds of sand dollars, tiny hitchhiking cancer crabs in the bells of
jellyfish, and delicate nudibranchs. Norbert also brought along some breathtaking
calendars showing some of his best undersea photography, available to those Club
members present at a reduced price.

During the business portion of the meeting, Jules read pertinent correspondence
and book notices and reminded members that dues are due.

The Christmas party is set for Saturday, December 3rd in the New York Room of
the Admiral Kidd Club and the Club Auction/Potluck date is set for April 30th at the
home of Wes Farmer. Shells are desperately needed and members were requested to
bring them to the next meeting or contact a board member for pickup.

Club member Don Pisor presented a slide program on the Conchologists of America
(COA) to better inform Club members of this national organization and encourage the
Club to host a COA convention in San Diego in 1989. Following a brief discussion, the
members voted to host the convention. It will mean work for the Club; actual
expenditures of about $200. and much volunteer help.

Wayne Reed, Recording Secretary

NEW MEMBERS

Bishop, John A., 3026 Treeman, San Diego, CA 92106, 223-6038
Hansen Family, P.0. Box 83914, San Diego, CA 92138, 275-3030, ext 158
Librarie Justus Lipsius, Av. Milcamps 188 B 15, 1040 Brussels, Belgium

THE ANNUAL AUCTION/POTLUCK

The annual auction/potluck will be held on April 30th at the home of Wes Farmer
[Map will appear in the April issue ] with festivities beginning at 6:00 P.M.

This gala event, the Club's only fundraiser provides the support for The Festivus,
our donations to scientific organizations, our social events and library purchases.

We invite ALL our members, local and out-of-town, to donate generously to the auction.
Members are urged to bring their shell donations to the March meeting or contact a
board member for their pickup. For out-of-town members, please send to the Club
address. Specimen quality shells, with collecting data when possible, are preferred.

LAST REMINDER THAT DUES ARE DUE

Membership dues for the year 1988 are now overdue. If you have not paid your
dues, this will be the last issue of The Festivus which you will receive. To be
included on the Club roster, which appears in the April issue, dues must be received
by 31 March 1988.

IN MEMORIAL

Word has just reached us that longtime Club member Cliff Ames passed away in
his sleep of a heart attack on December 6, 1987. After the death of his first wife,
Waneta, Cliff relocated to the midwest where he was raised. It was in Aurora,
Missouri that he died. Our sympathy is extended to his wife Cathy.

0 /

VI o L'U t

ISSN: 0738-9388

Volume: XX

THE FESTIVUS

A publication of the San Diego Shell Club

April 14, 1988

Number: 4

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor

Photographer

Bill Romer
Bob Yin
Jules Hertz
Wayne Reed
Margaret Mulliner

Carole M. Hertz
David K. Mulliner

MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego
Shell Club. Single member: $10.00;
Family membership: $12.00;

Overseas (surface mail): $12.00.

Address all correspondence to the
San Diego Shell Club, Inc. , c/o 3883
Mt. Blackburn Ave. , San Diego, CA 92111
Single copies of this issue: $5.00.
Postage is additional

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD

R. Tucker Abbott

American M alacologists 3 Inc.

Eugene Coan

Research Associate

California Academy of Sciences

Anthony D'Attilio

Associate

San Diego Natural History Museum

William K. Emerson

American Museum of Natural History

Terrence M. Gosliner

California Academy of Sciences

James H. McLean

Los Angeles County Museum

of Natural History

Barry Roth

Research Associate

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily H. Vokes
Tulane University

The Festivus is published monthly except

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M., December. The publication date appears
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park on the masthead above.

COME TO THE AUCTION/POTLUCK ! !

Saturday evening, April 30
6:00 P.M. ?

For details see page 34 and map on last page.
There is no regular meeting this month.

CONTENTS

Two look-alike turrids from the eastern Pacific:
Clathromangelia fuscoligata and Mangelia rhyssa

JULES HERTZ

Book review: MOLLUSCHI EDULII DELLE MARCHE

ANTHONY D’ATTILIO, reviewer

Club news . . .

Club membership roster
Map for detaching

27

32

33

Page 27

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(4) : 1988

TWO LOOK-ALIKE TURRIDS FROM THE EASTERN PACIFIC:
CLATHROMANGELIA FUSCOLIGATA AND MANGEL I A RHYSSA

BY

JULES HERTZ

3883 Mt . Blackburn Avenue, San Diego, California 92111

Two small look-alike turrids that can be found off San Diego, California are
Clathromangelia fuseoligata (Dali, 1871) and Mangel ia rhyssa Dali, 1919. Type
specimens for both species are housed at the National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. This article will primarily deal with the
shell characters of the two species and will refrain from dealing with nomenclatural
issues.

Clathromang elia fuseoligata is found from Monterey to San Diego, California.

Dali (1871) originally named the species Daphnella fuseoligata based on two dead
collected specimens from a Monterey beach. The two type specimens are the lectotype
(USNM 56088) selected by J. McLean in October 1969 and the paralectotype (USNM 697368,
ex 56088). Dali’s description of C. fuseoligata follows.

"Shell fusiform, slender, solid, of four or five whorls; spire half as long as the
shell, aperture the same; the latter narrow with no perceptible sinus, and a short open
canal; columella and outer lip smooth. Sculpture consisting of strong, revolving, ele-
vated lines, six on the last whorl, crossed by strong, regular, longitudinal costae
of about the same size, twelve on the last whorl. These ridges are remarkably uniform,
and their intersections produce a very conspicuously regular reticulation. The longi-^
tudinal ridges are, perhaps, a little thicker on the convexity of the whorls than
above and below. General coloration white, with a reddish brown band between the
suture and the first revolving ridge, another between and including the third and
fourth ridges, the other revolving ridges being dotted with brown between their inter-
sections with the costae. These intersections, especially on the last whorls, appear
somewhat nodulous."

Examination of the type specimens revealed that they were very worn. The para-
lectotype has an obviously broken protoconch, and the lectotype must have a broken
protoconch which is so worn as to appear unbroken but with noticeably fewer whorls.

The thickened outer lip of the lectotype with its undulate peristome reflecting the
external spiral sculpture is shown in Figure 1. There is no thickened ridge within.
Figure 2 shows the worn protoconch of the lectotype.

lip edge

Figure 1. C. fuseoligata s lectotype (USNM 56088),
outer lip area at 32X

Vol . XX(4) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 28

A live collected specimen from the northern part of the range (Carmel Submarine
Canyon, San Jose Creek Beach, Monterey County) is shown in Figure 3a and b. These
show a robust shell with sculpture producing strong square cancellations. The shells
found in southern California seem less robust, more slender, but still with strong
cancellate sculpture. Figure 4 shows two typical specimens from southern California.
A drawing of the protoconch of the specimen from Del Mar, California is shown in
Figure 5. McLean (1978) reports C. fuscoligata as "not uncommon in gravel under kelp.

Figure 3 a and b. C. fusaoligata, LACM 60-24, apertural and dorsal
views of specimen from Carmel Submarine Canyon, San Jose Creek Beach,
Montery County, California, collector J.H. McLean, 1960-1964

Photos: D.K. Mulliner

The look-alike species was originally named Mangilia (Clathromangilia) rhyssa
by Dali (1919). The holotype, USNM 55479, was figured in Dali's original publi-
cation, and the original description follows.

"Shell small brownish, coarsely sculptured, with six whorls exclusive of the
(lost) nucleus; suture appressed, somewhat constricted, obscure; upper whorls with
two prominent cords crossing the ribs without nodulation, the last whorl with six,
the spiral sculpture more prominent than the axial, which consists of (on the last
whorl 10) straight axial ribs continuous to the base; there are traces of some fine
spiral striation; the interstices of the reticulation are deep and squarish; sutural
fasciole obscure, the sulcus very shallow, the aperture short with hardly any canal
and no denticulations or lirations. Height of shell, 7; of last whorl, 4,
diameter, 2 mm."

Dali (1919) listed the distribution as "Gulf of California, Stearns collection,"
Dali (1921) listed the range as "near San Diego, California." M angelia rhyssa is
listed in the Rejected and Indeterminate Species section of Keen's (1971) SEA SHELLS
OF TROPICAL WEST AMERICA. This indicates that it is a doubtful Panamic species, but
it is recognized as a species occurring in southern California

Page 29

THE FESTIVUS

Vol. XX(4 ) : 1988.

Figure 4. C. fusaoligata, two specimens from
southern California. Dorsal view of specimen
collected at Del Mar (7.5 mm) and apertural view
of specimen collected off Pt . Loma in San Diego
(8.3 mm ). Both specimens in B.W. Myers collection

Photo: D.K. Mulliner

Figure 5. C. fusaoligata ,
two views of the protoconch of
specimen from Del Mar shown in
Figure 4. at 38.5.

Examination of the type specimen showed it to be a worn, dead collected specimen
with the tip of the base worn off. B.W. Myers has a worn specimen from off Point
Loma, San Diego, California which looks just like the type. This Pt. Loma specimen
was collected along with some fresh specimens that are not worn, and two of these
are shown in Figure 6. The shell aperture appears to widen at the base as the species
ages. Figure 7 is a camera lucida drawing of the protoconch of one of the specimens
in Figure 6.

The protoconchs of Mangelia rhyssa and Clathromangelia fusaoligata are quite
distinctive. For M. rhyssa the protoconch consists of approximately 2^ whorls with
no clear cut varix demarcating the protoconch from the teleoconch. There are three
riblets on the protoconch coalescing towards the apex. The shell is microscopically
radially ribbed following the first protoconch whorl. The ribs cross the shoulder
and over the cords. The protoconch of C. fusaoligata has about 2h whorls until
the first axial ridge of the teleoconch. It has one minor rib above the shoulder
angle and one rib below.

Other major differences between the two species are the more slender appearance
of M. rhyssa and the fact that M. rhyssa has a reddish brown shell whereas
C. fusaoligata has a white shell with brown color blotches.

Vol . XX(4) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 30

Figure 6. Mangelia vhyssa 3 two specimens from Figure 7. M . vhyssa, two views of
off Pt. Loma, San Diego (5.8 and 6.3 mm), the protoconch of 6.3 mm specimen

B.W. Myers collection Photo: D.K. Mulliner shown in Figure 6,at 38. 5X

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I gratefully acknowledge the camera lucida drawings by Anthony D'Attilio and
the fine photographs by David K. Mulliner of the two turrid species. I am indebted
to James H. McLean of the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History for the loan
of comparison material and to the late Joseph Rosewater of the National Museum of
Natural History, Smithsonian Institution for the loan of the type specimens. I am
particularly indebted to Barbara W. Myers for the loan of study material and for her
keen observations of the type material.

LITERATURE CITED

DALL, WILLIAM HEALEY

1871. Descriptions of sixty new forms of mollusks from the west coast of
America and the north Pacific Ocean, with notes on others already
described. Amer. Jour. Conch. 7(2):93-160, pis. 13-16 (Nov. 2).

1919. Description of new species of mollusks of the family Turritidae from the
coast of America and adjacent regions. Proc. USNM 56 (2288) : 1-86 ,
pis. 1-24 (Aug. 8).

1921. Summary of marine shellbearing mollusks of the northwest coast of
America... Bull USNM 112, 217 pp . , 22 pis. (Feb. 24).

Page 31

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(4): 1988

KEEN A. MYRA

1971. Sea Shells of Tropical West America, 2nd ed., Stanford Univ. Press,

Stanford, CA, vii-xiv + lu64 pp., 22 pis., ca 4,000 text figs.

MCLEAN, JAMES H. S

1978. Marine shells of southern California, revised ed . Science series 24,
Los Angeles County Mus. Nat. Hist., Zoology no. 11, 104 pp. , 54 figs.

TESKEY COLLECTION ENHANCES FLORIDA RESEARCH (News release from R. Tucker Abbott)

The unique collection of mollusks assembled by Margaret C. Teskey, former
Secretary of the American Malacological Union, has recently been donated to the Florida
State Museum at the University of Florida in Gainesville. The valuable collection,
consisting of many hundreds of minute and shallow-water species with good locality data
is now being curated in the research facilities at the Florida State Museum.

Mrs. Teskey, now a resident of Beaverton, Oregon, spent a dozen years in the
Florida Keys sampling obscure populations, some located at the now-protected Looe Key.
Friends have also rushed to her aid to. supply funds for the curating of this valuable
resource for future research.

"Our emphasis in the past has been on non-marine mollusks," said Dr. Fred
Thompson, Curator at this major Florida museum, "but recent developments are pointing
towards a more active role in Florida's rich marine fauna, both living and fossil."

The Director of the museum. Dr. Peter Bennett, intends to increase the public's
awareness of Florida's marine shells "through new exhibits, the addition of a marine
malacologist to the staff and increased cooperation with both amateur and professional
mollusk field activities."

NEW LAW TO REGULATE PLASTIC POLLUTION IN THE OCEAN

[News release from "Tidelines" sea grant extension program, University of
California, Cooperative Extension, San Diego County excerpted below]

Late in 1987 the United States signed an international treaty called MARPOL to
limit pollution in the oceans and passed Public Law 100-220 (U.S. Japan Fishery
Agreement) to implement it in the U.S. by December of 1988.

Part of the MARPOL treaty (Annex V.) will prohibit the dumping of plastics at
sea and will severely restrict the ability of vessels to dump other types of ship-
generated garbage at sea and in U.S. navigable waters. It will apply to all types of
watercraft, from the smallest pleasure craft to the largest oceangoing commercial
ship and will prohibit the dumping of plastics in all waters and prohibit the dumping
of dunnage, lining and packing material which will float within 25 nautical miles
and prohibit the dumping of food wastes and all other garbage within 12 nautical miles
from land except allowing dumping of food wastes outside 3 nautical miles if they
have been ground so they can pass through a 25 mm screen,. Adequate shoreside
facilities for garbage reception will be required under Annex V.

Page 32

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(4) : 1988

MOLLUSCHI EDULII DELLE MARCHE

Published by Ufficio Pesca Marittima, Ancona, Italy
Author (s) and publication date not given

44 pages illustrated in color with text entirely in Italian. Softbound

The above is a regional official publication concerning the molluscan food
fisheries of the maritime area of Ancona, Italy, situated on the Adriatic Sea and
was intended, apparently, to be distributed by their fisheries bureau, the Societa
Picena di Malacologia. I received this book in 1987 from Tiziano Cossignani, a
visiting malacologist and member of the Societa Picena de Malacologia.

This 44 page book is divided into two sections; the first 26 pages with 32
colored illustrations of very good quality, lists the gastropods and bivalves found
in the area with the Latin binomen for each species as well as a brief description,
habitat information with notes on where collected, and its gastronomic uses. Included
also in this section is an index of the common Italian names for the Latin binomens
and a glossary of the technical terms used.

The second section entitled "I Molluschi in Cucina" (mollusks in the kitchen)
has 42 recipes with detailed preparation instructions, a bibliography and an index
to the species.

In addition to the gastronomic delights to be enjoyed from eating the variety
of gastropod and bivalve species, the book is of special interest since most of these
species, if not all, have not become scarce or extinct after thousands of years of
fishing and collecting. It is good to see our old friends, Murex trunculus Linne
and Murex brandaris Linne still being collected today for food as well as various
species of naticids, Nassarius3 Patella 3 Haliotis3 Arca3 Lbnaxs Cardium3 Ernsts and
Peeten, and more unusual, species of Lithophaga and Pholas. This demonstrates the
difference between raising or collecting food for subsistence as opposed to subjecting
a resource to the pressure of quick profit. It appears that when managed properly,
fishing of mollusks over many years does not necessarily lead to species extinction.

This book does not appear to be for sale to the general public. If you wish
further information, you might write to Carlo Alberto del Mastro, Assessorato
Industria ed Artigianato, Uficio Pesca Maritima, Ancona, Italy,

Anthony D'Attilio

IN MEMORIAM

Bill Gemmell, husband of longtime Club member, Joyce Gemmell, passed away last
month at the age of 93 following surgery.

Many longtime Club members have fond memories of visits to Joyce and Bill's
home in San Felipe and smile on recalling early morning wild rides with Bill or
Joyce at the wheel of the dune buggy as it barreled through the desert to catch a
, low tide at some remote beach. Our condolences are extended to Joyce.

L_

Page 33

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX (4) : 1988

CLUB NEWS

FROM THE MINUTES - SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB MEETING - MARCH 17, 1988

Club President Bill Romer welcomed and introduced the new Club members and
then introduced the speaker for the evening, Mr. Don Pisor, who presented a video
program entitled, "Shell Collecting in Northwestern Australia and Indonesia."

Don’s shell collecting adventures took us to the best collecting areas at king
and low tides in the vicinity of Eighty Mile Beach, near Broome, Northwest Australia.
Always traveling in two sturdy, cross-country type vehicles, Don put the members in
the driver’s seat as we got a firsthand look at shell collecting, including the
gathering of Murex stainforthi and video tape of the rotting, rusting remains of a
World War II Catalina Flying Boat in Broome Harbour. Captured in Don’s video tour
were live, crawling volutes and black olives found on a mile-long sandbar some 200
yards wide. Murex were also recovered in a mangrove swamp. One of the biggest
prizes was a giant Syrinx aruanus3 a species which reaches a length of over two
feet. Some 100 miles north of Broome, Dion and his group went down sandy roads and
located habitats of the giant Tridaona gigas and T. squamosa.

His Indonesian experiences were revealed with startling video footage of color-
ful catamaran-outrigger boats, unbelievably beautiful orange and blue sea urchins,
and views of olive shells burying themselves in sand within 30 seconds. We visited
a number of old temples in the mountains, and rice paddies in the hills. There were
Balinese women carrying baskets, and we saw and heard an exotic Balinese dance com-
plete with bells, chimes, dongs and steel drums. We got a look at a huge sculpture
of an Epitonium soalare (Precious wentletrap) in front of a spectacular shell shop
200 miles north of Bangkok, Thailand. Don mentioned that he found many nice bargains
in the shop. Also of great interest was the Phuket Aquarium, and the gold leaf and
blue enamel on the temples. The program concluded with a river tour through Bangkok,
with merchants eager to sell their wares coming right up to the boats.

After the refreshment break. Bill called for volunteer workers for the C0A
Convention. We will need a volunteer force to deal with all the various functions
of the Convention.

The Club Auction/Potluck is scheduled for April 30th at the condo complex of
Wes Farmer. Members were reminded to donate shells.

Wes Farmer asked for volunteers to attend the Botanical Garden Foundation
meetings .

The tasty refreshments were provided by June and Bob King and Mella and Herb
Webster .

THE 21ST ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WESTERN SOCIETY OF MALACOLOGISTS (WSM)

The 21st annual meeting of the WSM will be held in Darwin Hall on the campus of
Sonoma State University on July 17-21, 1988. Contributed papers are welcome on all
aspects of molluscan neontology and paleontology, including research on terrestrial,
freshwater, and marine mollusks.

Two symposia have been organized, one on the Biogeography and Evolution of the
Molluscan Fauna of the Galapagos Islands featuring about 20 speakers on all aspects
of Galapagos Mollusca and the second on Molluscan Herbivore/Plant Interactions
featuring about 10 speakers.

A mid-meeting field trip is planned to observe and collect living and fossil
mollusks at the rocky outer coast at Bodega Head, the protected sand-mud flats of
Bodega Harbor, and the Pliocene Wilson Grove Formation and to compare the depositional
environments in which Holocene and Pliocene mollusks are found in Sonoma County. The
field trip includes a tour of the Bodega Marine Laboratory and the lobster mari-
culture facility. Other events including an auction, exhibits, and evening
social events culminating in a banquet are planned.

Vol . XX(4) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 34

THE ANNUAL AUCTION/ POTLUCK OF THE SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB

The Club’s biggest social event and only fundraiser is almost here!! Don't
miss it. Come to the Auction at the Clubhouse of Wes Farmer’s condo complex at 3591
Ruffin Road (see map on last page). Festivities begin at 6:00 P.M.

If you have not already donated shells to help support the Club or signed up
for your potluck donation, please contact either Bill Romer (278-2389) or Carole
Hertz (277-6259). See you there!!

THE 16TH C0NCH0L0GISTS OF AMERICA (COA) CONVENTION

THE 16th COA convention will be held at Fort Myers, Florida from July 11-15,

1988, hosted by the Southwest Florida Conchologists Society. It will be held at
the Sheraton Harbor Palace Hotel Activities will include, among others, programs,
tours, auction, trips. Dealers' Bourse, parties and a Christmas in July Banquet
with guest speaker, Dr. Emily Vokes. For further information contact Gene Herbert
(813) 731-2405 or A1 Bridell (813) 472-1637.

HAWAIIAN MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY SHELL SHOW AND AUCTION

The Hawaiian Malacological Society's first Shell Show in nearly a decade, to be
combined with a Shell Auction and Audio-Visual Program has been scheduled for
November 11-13 at the Neal Blaisdell Center in central Honolulu. Collectors, dealers,
and malacologists worldwide have been invited to participate.

The Auction will feature both rare and medium-expensive shells with proceeds
supporting the HMS Scholarship Fund. Half a dozen prestigious trophies will be of-
fered for the Shell Show displays; among them the Smithsonian Institution Award, the
Conchologists of America Trophy and a new perpetual Tom Richert Memorial Award for the
Shell of the Show. Also included will be Audio-Visual programs.

Details, as they are worked out, are available from the HMS Shell Show Committee
P.0. Box 22130, Honolulu, HI 96822 or from Stu Lillico (808) 734-3703.

THE GREATER SAN DIEGO SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FAIR

The Club will again participate in the Science Fair which will take place from
April 13-17, 1988 in the Federal Building in Balboa Park. Our Club offers an award
to an upper division entrant whose project falls into the area of marine life re-
search. The winner will present an overview of his/her project at a Club meeting
at which time the award will be given.

MIDWEST REGIONAL SHELL SHOW, INDIANAPOLIS

The Midwest Regional Shell Show, hosted by the Indianapolis Shell Club, will
be held on August 13 and 14, 1988 at the Glendale Shopping Mall, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Judging of the scientific displays will be by Jerry Harasewych and Kevin Sunderland.
There will be an auction, dinner in honor of the judges, slide show, awards break-
fast and a presentation by Dr. Harasewych on "Collecting slit shells by submarine,"
Following this there will be shells for sale by dealers in attendance and a program
by Keven Sunderland on Venezuela. For further information write to CPrl Sahlherg,

7826 Camberwood Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46268.

SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB

Membership list - 1988

Abbott , R . Tucker

2208 South Colonial Dr.

Melbourne, FL 32901

Adams , Rosemary
13346 Birchwood
Sunnymead, CA 92388

British Museum of , N.H.
Acquisitions Sec. (DLS)
Cromwell Rd .

London SW7 5BD England

Brosius, Geo, & Doris
1350 Loring St.

San Diego, CA 92109

American Museum of N.H. 483-3447
Library Serials-Judith Walsh

Central Park at 79th St.
New York,N.Y. 10024

Auckland Institute & Mus
Ian Thwaites , Librarian
Private Bag, Auckland NZ

Barton, Geo. & Paula
620 S. Nevada St.
Oceanside, CA 92054

Brown, Bob & Billee
6333 La Jolla Blvd. #171
La Jolla, CA 92037
454-5788

Buck, Larry & Toni
2534 Via Pisa
Del Mar, CA 92014
792-5404

722-7° °1

Baxendell, Lee
1475 Somerset
Cardiff, CA 92007
752-2919

Bennett, Jo

1559 Tredegar Dr,

Fort Myers, FL 33919

Bukry, Dr. J. David
U.S. Geol . Surv. MS-915
345 Middlefield Rd.
Menlo Park, CA 94025

Burch, Tom & Beatrice
P.O.Box 309
Kailua, HI 96734

Catarius , Larry & Debbie
4173 Galt St.

Bertsch, Hans
P.O.Box 25797
Santa Ana,CA 52799

Bishop, John
3026 Freeman
San Diego, CA 92106
223-6038

San Diego, CA 92117
270-4376

Cafe, Jean M.

P.O.Box 3049

Rancho Santa Fe,CA 90267
756-4744

Bouchet,Dr. Phillipe
Mus D’Histoire Naturelle
55 Rue de Button
75005 Paris, France

Bradner, Hugh & Marge
1867 Caminito Marzella
La Jolla, CA 92037
459-7681

Bratcher, Twila
8121 Malholland Terr.

Los Angeles, CA 90046

Chaney, Barbara
1633 Posilipo Lane
Santa Barbara, CA 93108

Clark, Roger & Karen
410 Melarky St.
Winnemucca, NV 89445

Clover, Phillip

P.O.Box 339

Glen Ellen, CA 95442

Coan, Gene

891 San Jude Ave .

Palo Alto , CA 94306

Coovert ,G ary
36 Prospect Ave.

Dayton, OH 45415

D'Attilio, Tony & Rose
2415 - 29th St.

San Diego, CA 92104
281-9731

Davis, Florence C.

Rte. 1, Box 1639
Brobecks , PA 17329

Delaware Museum of N.H.
Box 3937

Greenville, Del. 19807

Draper, Bertram
8511 Bleriot Ave.

Los Angeles, CA 90045

DuShane , Helen
15012 El Soneto
Whittier, CA 90605

Ernest , James
Box 831

Balboa, Rep. of Panama

Everson, Gene

500 Nottingham Pky

Louisville, KY 40222

Farmer, Wes
3591 Ruffin Rd . #226
San Diego, CA 92123
576-2143

Faulconer, Phil & Heidrun
P.O.Box 82632
San Diego, CA 92138
222-8082

Fernandes, Francisco
c/o Santos Brito
Santa Rita, Cacela 8900
Algarve, Portugal

Flentz, John & Mary
149 Via La Soledad
Redondo Beach. CA 90277

Forrer , Richard B.

P.O.Box 462
Northf ield , OH 44067

-2-

Foster, Robert
P.O.Box 3010

Santa Barbara, CA 93130-

3010

Gemmell, Joyce
150 S. Anza Sp.47C
El Caion, CA 92020
447-8004

Glauser, Maurice
5 Chemin du Pont-de-Ville
1224 Chene-Bouger ies
Switzerland

Goldberg, Richard
P.O.Box 137

Fresh Meadows, NY 11365

Goldstein, Raymond & Maria
1183 Loma Portal Dr.

El Cajon, CA 92020
449-9179

Good, Barbara
1802 McKee St. #C6
San Diego, CA 92110
291-5380

Gori , Sandro
Via Sernesi 7
Livorno, Italy

Haigh, Ernest & Elizabeth

P.O.Box 2107

Simi Valiev, CA 93062

Haines ,Debara Diane
3428 Waco St. Apt. 2
San Diego, CA 92117
275-4337

Hamilton, Ian
6640 Linda Vista Rd . C-6
San Diego, CA 92111
278-6213

Hanselman , Geo. & Viginia
5818 Tulane St.

San Diego, CA 92122
453-3019

Hansen, Mike & Karen
P.O.Box 83914
San Diego, CA 92138
275-3030 ext 158

Herrmann, Richard & Ginny
7711 Eads Ave .

La Jolla, CA 92037
459-3317

Hertz, Jules & Carole
3883 Mt. Blackburn
San Diego, CA 92111
277-6259

H.M.S.

P.O.Box 22130
Honolulu, HI 96822

Holiman, Wayne & Audrey
P.O.Box 246
Edinberg, TX 78539

Johnson, S.Sgt.John
P.O.Box 1205
MCB Camp Butler
FPO Seattle, WA 98773

King, Frank & Harriet
859 E. Vista Way
Vista, CA 92083
726-2523

King, Bob & June
4269 Hawk St.

San Diego, CA 92103
296-0574

Koch, Robert & Wendy
7227 North 15th Ave.
Phoenix, AZ 85021

LaGrange , John & Linda
533 North Rios
Siola^na Beach, CA 92075
755-7215

Leonard, Fred L.

800 North 41st. Ave.
Hollywood, FL. 33021

Levine, Annita

139-62 Pershing Crescent

Jamaica, NY 11435

Librarie Justus Liosius
Av Milcamps 188 B 15
1040 Bruxelles, Belgium

Lindahl , Ken & Marge
202 Grand Canal
Balboa Island, CA 92662

Michel, John & Nola
4758 Mt . Cervin Dr.

San Diego, CA 92117

278- 9088

Montoya, Michel

P.O.Box 6327

San Jose, Costa Rica

Mulliner, David & Margare:
5283 Vickie Dr.

San Diego, CA 92109
488-2701

Myers , John & Barbara
3761 Mt . Augustus Ave.

San Diego, CA 92111

279- 9806

Kabat , Alan R. Luke, Spencer

Mus . of Comparative Zool. S.I.O. A-007

Harvard University
Cambridge, MA 02138

Kaiser, Kirstie
P.O.Box 4289
Park City, UT 84060

Kant<or, Mart in & Ruth
3706 Jennings St.

San Diego, CA 92106
225-8433

Kemp. Bruce

9420-D Carlton Oaks Dr.
Santee, CA 92071
449-7610 225-7494 ( work )

Kennedy, George
Invert. Paleontology
Los Angeles Co. Mus.

900 Exposition Blvd.

Los Angeles, CA 90007

P.O.Box 1529
La Jolla, CA 92093

Martin, Clifford & Cliftc
324 Kennedy Lane
Oceanside, CA 92054
757-1528

Mathews , Suzanne
816 Lehigh Ave.

Chula Vista, CA 92013
421-7505

McPeak, Ron & Mary
7989 La Brusca Way
Carlsbad, CA 92008
942-3489

Metz, George

121 WildHorse Valley Dr.

Novato, CA 94947

Negus, Richard H.
140 Tamarack #2
Carlsbad, CA 92008
434-9808

-3-

Scott, Paul

Sta. Barbara Museum (NH)
2559 Puesta Del Sol Rd .
Santa Barbara, CA 93105

Valli, Adrian & Sherry
1549 N. Vulcan #26
Leucadia, CA 92024
436-7558 Bus481-0961

Norrid, Henry & Charlotte S.I.O. C--075-C Vaught, Kay

233 E. Cairo Dr. Univ. of California 8646 E. Paraiso Dr.

Tempe , AZ 85282 La Jolla, CA 92093 Scottsdale, AZ 85255

Olson, Leon F.

3923 Ingraham #V207
San Diego, CA 92109
274-3392

Perrin, Marilyn
10960 Via Abaca
San Diego, CA 92126
586-0175

Pisor, Don & Jeanne
10373 El Honcho PI.

San Diego, CA 92124
279-9342

Poorman, Roy & Forrest
15300 Magnolia St.sp 55
Westminster, CA 92683

Powell II, Charles
U . S . Geol. Surv. MS 915
345 Middlefield Rd .
Menlo Park, CA 94025

Reed, Wayne
107 Murray St.

Chula Vista, CA 92010
691-8766

Rice, Tom

P.O.Box 219

Port Gamble, WA 98364

Robertson, Wally & Mari
c/o 1137 Prospect St.

La Jolla, CA 92037
459-6858

Romer, Bill & Carol
3249 Towser St.

San Diego, CA 92123
278-2389

Sage, Walter E. Ill
Dept . Marine Invert .
American Museum of N.H.
Central Park W. at 79th
New York, NY 10024

Shasky, Donald R.

834 W. Highland Ave .
Redlands, CA 92373

Skoglund, Carol & Paul
3846 E. Highland Ave.
Phoenix, AZ 85018

Smith, Vivienne B.

16331 Porto Bello St. NW
Bokeelia, FL 33922

Smithsonian Inst. Library
Acqusitions #9010520201
Washington, D.C. 20560

Souder, John
7845 Michelle Dr.

La Mesa, CA 92041
462-0404

Squires, Richard L.

26800 Espuma Dr.

Saugus, CA 91350

Stephens, Susan B.

P.O.Box 217

425 Lighthouse Way

Sanibel , FL 33957

Steele, Roberta
4495 32nd St.

San Diego, CA 92116
lyn 563-7708

Stohler, Rudolf (Hon)

1584 Milvia St.

Berkeley, CA 94709

Strigliabott i , Susan
2582 Del Mar Hts. Rd .

Del Mar, CA 92014
481-6177

Taylor, Roland & Kay
2437 Aster St.

San Diego, CA 92109
274-2998

Vokes, Emily & Harold
Dept, of Geology
Tulane University
New Orleans, LA 70118

Voso, Ed & Helen
1815 Sweetwater Rd. sp.134
Spring Valley, CA 92077
469-8308

Webster, Herb & Mella
34021-A Ruby Lantern
Dana Pt , CA 92629
714-240-1606

Williams, Peggy
Rte.8, Box 28A
Sarasota, FL 34243

Woolsey, Jody

3717 Bagley Ave #206

Los Angeles, CA 90034

Woods, William
P.O.Box 23197
San Diego, CA 92123

Wu, Dr. Shi-Kuei
Univ. of Colorado , Museum
Campus Box 315
Boulder, CO 80309 "0315

Wuyts, Jean
82 Koningsarendlaan
2100 Deurne 4
Antwerp 22 Belgium

Yeend, Arthur & Margenette
5668 Lord Cecil St.

San Diego, CA 92122

453- 0531

Yin, Bob

1275 Torrey Pines Rd .

La Jolla, CA 92037

454- 2342

Santa Barbara Museum (NH)
2559 Puesta Del Sol Rd .
Santa Barbara, CA 93105

Upton, Virginia
P.O.Box 2228
Sierra Vista, AZ
85636

SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB

AUCTION/POTLUCK
APRIL 30, 1988

DIRECTIONS TO THE AUCTION: from 805: exit onto Balboa, east to

Convoy, south to Aero Dr., east to Ruffin Rd . , south about a
block or two. Clubhouse on East side of street; park at Sharp
Operations Center on West side.

From San Diego Stadium on Friars Road: up Mission Village

Drive to Ruffin Rd., right turn or north about a half mile,
parking on the west side of the street at Sharp Operations
Center across from the Clubhouse.

THE ADDRESS: 3575 Ruffin Rd . at the Summer Hill Clubhouse.

TIME: 6:00 P.M. -???

•REMEMBER TO BRI NC : You'll need to bring chairs, your potluck dish with
eating utensils. Also bring serving utensils for your dish. And come ready
to have fun!

MONTGOMERY FIELD

FRIARS ROAD

Sharp ‘frnCl X
Operatic' ns

Center

parking

RUFFIN RD.

Mission
Village
Road

S.D.

Stadium

... ..

■

■

ISSN: 0738-9388

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THE FESTIVUS

A publication of the San Diego Shell Club

Volume: XX

May 12, 1988

Number: 5

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor

Photographer

Bill Romer
Bob Yin
Jules Hertz
Wayne Reed
Margaret Mulliner

Carole M. Hertz
David K. Mulliner

MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego
Shell Club. Single member: $10.00;
Family membership: $12.00;

Overseas (surface mail): $12.00.

Address all correspondence to the
San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883
Mt. Blackburn Ave. , San Diego, CA 92111
Single copies of this issue: $5.00.
Postage is additional

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
R. Tucker Abbott

American Malacologists 3 Inc.

Eugene Coan

Research Associate

California Academy of Sciences

Anthony D'Attilio

Associate

San Diego Natural History Museum

William K. Emerson

American Museum of Natural History

Terrence M. Gosliner

California Academy of Sciences

James H. McLean

Los Angeles County Museum

of Natural History

Barry Roth

Research Associate

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily H. Vokes
Tulane University

The Festivus is published monthly except

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M., December. The publication date appears
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park on the masthead above.

PROGRAM

"Diversity of Form in Mollusk Species"

Anthony D'Attilio will discuss the variety of form of the mollusk shell
both within and between species. He will illustrate his talk with

slides and shells .

MINIPROGRAM

Jeremy Hutsell will talk about shell collecting on Puget Sound and will
bring in a display of the shells he collected.

Meeting date: May 19, 1988

CONTENTS

Illustrated notes on Favartia garrettii (Pease, 1868) from Hawaii

ANTHONY D'ATTILIO 36

A look at a few of the books on Malacology from Japan

BARBARA W. MYERS and ANTHONY D'ATTILIO 39

Club news 44

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Vol . XX(5) : 1988

ILLUSTRATED NOTES ON

FAVARTIA GARRETTI I (PEASE, 1868) FROM HAWAII

BY

ANTHONY D'ATTILIO

Associate, Department of Marine Invertebrates, San Diego Natural History Museum
Balboa Park, P.0. Box 1390, San Diego California 92112

In this study of the shell morphology of Favartia garvettii (Pease, 1868)
(Figures 1 and 2), its current specific status is accepted. It will remain for a
future review of all the known western Pacific species of Favartia to determine the
status of F. garrettii in relation to its closest congeners.

Figures 1 and 2. Favartia garrettii (Pease, 1868), 6.0 mm L, 22.9 m (75 ft.) under
dead coral off Keaau Beach, Oahu, Hawaii, October 2, 1986, leg. D.R. Shasky
(1) apertural view (2) dorsal view

Previous study of F garvettii was done (Hertz & D'Attilio, 1979) from an
immature specimen (Figures 3 and 4) . The morphology of the closely related
F. munda (Reeve, 1849) was illustrated in D'Attilio (1987).

Specimens studied for this work in addition to the Hertz specimen are:

SDNHM 3641 (ex Fred Baker coll.) 3 specimens, 7.4-12.1 mm L, Hilo, Hawaii, 1913
SDNHM 86956 (ex Patrice Marquis coll.), 1 specimen, 11.7 mm L, leg. P. Marquis
SDNHM 76520 (ex W.R. Haas coll.) Nawiliwili Harbor, Kauai, beach specimens
Donald R. Shasky coll., 3 specimens, 6. 0-7. 2 mm L, in 22.9 m, under dead coral off
Keaau Beach, Oahu, leg. D.R. Shasky, October 2, 1986.

Vol. XX(5) : 1988

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Page 37

Favavtia garvetti i

ranges in size from 5 to
approximately 12 mm in
length. The species is
found from intertidal
depths (Hertz & D’Attilio,
1979) to 22.9 m (Shasky
specimens). The proto-
conch (Figure 5a-d) of
1^ to 2 whorls is
erect and convex. The
teleoconch has four whorls
in mature specimens. It
is distinguished in its
ontogeny by a change in
the number of varices
as well as in their
character and a change
in the size of the inter-
varical cords (Figures 6
and 7 ) .

Figures 3 and 4. F. garrettii 4+ mm L, north end of Laie Bay,
Oahu, H.I., intertidal, under rock, leg. J. Hertz, August 18,
1978, (operculum deeply withdrawn), juvenile specimen of
two whorls.

Figure 5a-d. F. garrett'i't, four views of protoconch, (a-c) three views of protoconch
of two whorls from Hertz specimen (Figures 3 and 4) (d) protoconch of 1^ whorls

from Shasky specimen (Figures 1 and 2)

The first three whorls of the teleoconch have six varices and the body whorl
has five. This may be an indication of maturity. Except for the last few varices
which are rounded at the shoulder, the varices are drawn out spine-like and turned
posteriorly. Although the scabrous cords are well developed on the earlier whorls
(Figure 6) and continue on to the body, the last one or two intervarical areas have
much diminished cords (Figure 7).

Vol . XX(5) : 1988

Page 38

THE FESTIVUS

Figures 6 and 7. F. garrettii3 SDNHM 3641, 7.4 mm L, Hilo Hawaii, donor: F. Baker
(6) apertural view (7) much enlarged detail of a portion of the final intervarical
area of a mature specimen showing the reduction in development of the scabrous cords.
Note the deeply excavated embayments remaining on the receding side of the apertural
varix.

LITERATURE CITED

D'ATTILIO, ANTHONY

1987. The shell morphology of the varix in two Favartia species: Favartia
dorothyae Emerson & D’Attilio, 1979, and F. rmmda (Reeve, 1849).

Festivus XIX(ll) :104-107, 8 figs.

HERTZ, JULES and ANTHONY D’ATTILIO

1979. Favartia garrettii (Pease, 1868): notes and corrections to the literature.
Festivus XI(2): 16-18, 2 figs.

PEASE, W.H.

1868. Synonymy of marine gasteropodae inhabiting Polynesia. Amer. Jour.

Conch: 4:103-132
REEVE, LOVELL A.

1849. Conchologia Iconica or illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals.
Murex. London. Suppl., pi. 1

Vol. XX(5) : 1988

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Page 39

A LOOK AT A FEW OF THE BOOKS ON MALACOLOGY FROM JAPAN

BY

BARBARA W. MYERS and ANTHONY D'ATTILIO

Departmental Associates, Department of Marine Invertebrates, San Diego Natural History
Museum, Balboa Park, P.0. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92132

Prior to the 20th century, much of the descriptive work on the Japanese molluscan
fauna was accomplished by non-Japanese authors in the scientific journals of the world.
The most noteworthy catalogs listing and illustrating Japanese shells were by Dunker
(1882), Lischke (1869-1874), Kobelt (1880) and Pilsbry (1895) to name a few, all
non- Japanese .

With the turn of the century, the Japanese era of conchological science began
and catalogs and studies, as well as descriptive work by Japanese authors, made an
appearance. It is some of these publications which we are reviewing in this paper.
These books and catalogs not only deal with the mollusks of Japan but also include
those from the western Pacific outside of the Japanese faunal province. The early
volumes are entirely in Japanese, except for the Latin binomens, and thus create a
problem for readers not familiar with the Japanese written language. Numerous new
taxa were introduced in these works, a number as manuscript names.

We are limited in our review to the books and catalogs available in our Museum
library with the exception of "Illustrations of a Thousand Shells" which is in the
library of Donald Pisor of San Diego, California.

THE CONCHOLOGICAL MAGAZINE, editor and publisher Yoichiro Hirase, octavo size,
vol. 1, 12 pts., (1907); vol. 2, 12 pts., (1908); vol. 3, 3 pts., (1909); vol. 4,
pt. 1, (1910). [Publication ceased with this issue.] Kyoto, Japan.

This was meant to be a monthly magazine, but these volumes apparently constitute
the only issues of this publication and cover slightly more than three years. In March
1909 an announcement of suspension of the magazine until May 1910 was made. One final
issue in 1910 concluded the publication. Lack of funds was given as the reason for
suspending publication. Each monthly edition in Japanese is bound in with its English
counterpart, the Japanese portion in reverse as is customary in that language. Thus
volume 1, number 1, is in, what we would refer to as, the back of the book. There are
numerous line-cut text figures throughout the Japanese text. The black-and-white
plates have captions with the binomens in Latin. The English pagination follows our
normal practice of going from left to right, but the Japanese text page numbers are
reversed, because vertical Japanese sentences are normally written from right to left.
The parts are by various authors and new species are validly proposed.

THE ALBUM OF THE HIRASE CONCHOLOGICAL MUSEUM, (a publication by that museum); 1915
no author indicated, no numbering on pages, oblong octavo size. Kyoto, Japan.

A photograph of Mr. Yoichiro Hirase' s museum which was located in Kyoto, Japan,
shows an impressive two-story rectangular building. This was the first Japanese museum
and probably the first in the world devoted entirely to Mollusca and open to the public

This rare little book is small, bound in traditional Japanese style as accordion
pages with a rather fragile silk-cardboard cover. It consists of photographic
illustrations with explanatory facing pages in both Japanese and English. It is not
a scientific work, but was published as a means of making the public aware of the
museum and its contents.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF A THOUSAND SHELLS, by Yoichiro Hirase, 1914-1919, four volumes,
octavo size, Kyoto, Japan.

Although this work was meant to encompass ten volumes, financial problems pre-
vented Hirase from publishing more than four. The books were designed to be of
aesthetic appeal and the author selected color wood block printing as the technique of

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THE FESTIVUS

Vol. XX(5): 1988

illustration, an art form at which the Japanese excelled. The books are bound in the
traditional accordion style. One new species, Mur ex hirasei Dautzenberg, was published
as a MS name. This muricid species was never validated by Dautzenberg and because it
was published before 1930, the figure and name alone serve to make this binomen valid
with the author Hirase, 1915 (D'Attilio, 1981) [Festivus XIII(1):5,6, "A note on the
type figure of Murex hirasei and its author, Yoichiro Hirase."]

Much of the Hirase collection, including type specimens, is no longer extant, to
our knowledge. It was transferred in 1939 to the Research Institute for Natural
Resources, Tokyo, and was destroyed by bombs during World War II. However, a part of
Hirase’ s collection of terrestrial mollusks was saved and is now in the Yokosuka City
Museum. A catalogue of these mollusks was published in 1983 by K. Maeda, et al [Misc.
Rept. Yokosuka City Mus. 8:1-60].

A COLLECTION OF JAPANESE SHELLS WITH ILLUSTRATIONS IN NATURAL COLORS by Shintaro
Hirase, 1934, 217 pp. , octavo size, Tokyo, Japan.

This book by the son of Yoichiro Hirase was intended as a memorial to his father.
It consists of 129 color plates illustrating 1,360 species. Legends on the plates are
in Japanese, but in separate legends following the plates, the binomens are in Latin
with the sizes of the specimens printed in English. Further separate legends to the
plates are in Japanese. The index is in both Latin and Japanese. No new taxa were
introduced. Although it was to be a two-volume work, the second volume, to be a
descriptive part for the illustrated species, was never published.

A revised and enlarged edition of the above was published in 1951 under the title
A HANDBOOK OF ILLUSTRATED SHELLS IN NATURAL COLORS FROM JAPANESE ISLANDS AND THEIR
ADJACENT TERRITORIES, by Isao Taki, 134 plates plus a 46 page index, Tokyo, Japan.

The scientific names as given in the Taki edition were amended on advice of T. Kuroda
and K. Oyama. Localities were added by Kuroda, Oyama and Horikoshi. No new taxa
were introduced.

CHECK LIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE MARINE MOLLUSKS OF JAPAN by T. Kuroda and T.
Habe, 1952, 210 pp., large octavo size, Tokyo, Japan.

This book, published in English, is a complete account of the marine mollusks of
Japan known up to 1952. Nineteen new species are validly proposed. Sixteen of these
names are replacement names and three, Nassarius hirasei 3 Oliva hirasei and Peristernia
\ pilshryi , which are not replacement names and have no description, nonetheless, make
bibliographic reference to a description, thus validly proposed. Galeodea
eohinophorella, proposed as a new species, has no descriptive text and the biblio-
graphic reference is to a name and figure only. One new genus, Trifariaardium3
stated to have been proposed in Kuroda (1951) [Illustrated Catalogue of Japanese
Shells, No. 13, p. 86] was not validly proposed therein nor is it validly proposed in
this book. The remainder of the new genera proposed are without a statement differen-
tiating them from other genera and therefore not validly proposed according to the ICZN
(1985) rules for taxa published after 1930.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF JAPANESE SHELLS edited by Tokubei Kuroda, 1949-1953 and
1955, vol. 1 [pt. 1 (1949); pts. 2-10 (1950); pts. 11-17 (1951); pts. 18-22 (1952);
pts. 23-24 (1953)], vol. 2 [pts. 1-2 (1955), ser. B, pts. 1-24 (1955)], large octavo
size, Kyoto, Japan.

New taxa are validly proposed throughout this work. Taxa proposed under the
heading, "Nomenclatural notes," which are without descriptions or other remarks dif-
ferentiating them are not validly proposed according to ICZN (1985) . However replace-
ment names in these notes, without description, are validly proposed since they refer
to previously described species.

COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SHELLS OF JAPAN by Tetusaki Kira, 1955, 204 pp.,

67 pis. , octavo size, Osaka, Japan.

This book is divided into two portions. The first consists of 67 plates; each

Vol . XX(5) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 41

plate accompanied by a text page with the binomen and family name in Latin and an
indication of size; no dates follow the binomens. In the second portion, the text
(pages 138-172) is entirely in Japanese with some scattered line illustrations and
appears to be comments on the plates. This portion is followed by a separate Latin
and Japanese index to genera.

New taxa introduced as manuscript names are by Kira, Kuroda, Kuroda and Habe,

Oyama, and Taki. The appearance of these manuscript names seems to indicate that the
publication was not meant to be a scientific paper in the full sense. These new
binomens in this 1955 edition are not validly proposed since there are no accompanying
descriptions, or bibliographic references to such published statements, as required
by the ICZN (1985).

COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SHELLS OF JAPAN by Tetusaki Kira, 1959, enlarged
and revised edition, 239 pp. , 72 pis., octavo size, Osaka, Japan.

This volume contains 71 numbered colored plates and an unnumbered colored frontis-
piece plate. Text pages are entirely in Japanese and are followed by separate English
and Japanese indices to genera. New taxa are again introduced as manuscript names,
but in this volume are accompanied by more numerous text pages containing descriptions
in Japanese of the new species and, therefore, validly proposed; however, they should
be attributed to Kira. Other species listed as new were proposed by other authors
prior to 1959. Following is a list of those species.

Gaza serieata Kuroda, MS^Kira, 1959

Pseudastralium henieus gloriosum Kuroda & Habe, ITS-Kira, 1959

Bolma ?rrrillegranosa Kuroda & Habe, HS^ialeoastraea millegranosa Kuroda & Habe, 1958 in
Habe, 1958. ["On the radula of Japanese marine gastropods," Venus 20(l):43-60j
Canarium mierourceum Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959
Eeverita ( Glossaulax ) hosoyai Kuroda & Kira, KS=Kira, 1959

Pustularia margarita tetsuakii Kuroda, MS= P. m. tetsuakii Kira, 1959. We find no
record of publication of this name by Kuroda, although Kira (1962) credits Kuroda
with the name.

Erosaria tomlini maturata Kuroda, MS. Although Kira gave the name E. t. ogasawarensis
Schilder, 1945, in Schilder, F.A. & M. Schilder, 1945, ["Westpazif ische Cypraeacea
von den Forchungsreisen des Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock," Arkiv. for Zoologi 36A(2):1-31]
to his figure, pi. 20, #11, in 1962, nonetheless, the name E. t. maturata was
validly proposed by Kira, 1959.

Semioassis ipersimilis Kuroda MS = S. persimilis Kira, 1959. We find no record of
publication of this name by Kuroda. Habe (1961) refers the name to Kira, 1959.

Bursa dunkeri Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959

Eudolium lineatum inflatum Kuroda & Habe MS = E. inflatum Kuroda & Habe, 1952.

Replacement name for E. lineatum Osima, 1943, non Schepman, 1908. [Checklist and
bibliography of the Recent Mollusca of Japan. Tokyo, 210 pp . ]

Murex kiiensis Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959

Ceratostoma ( Pteropurpura ) vespertilio Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959

Coralliophila pyriformis Kuroda, MS=Kira, 1959

Latiaxis kawamurai Kuroda, MS- = Kira, 1959

Babylonia pallida Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959

Neptunea fukueae Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959

Buooinum isao-takii Oyama, MS = B. issaotakii Kira, 1959

Nassarius (Zeuxis) kiiensis Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959

Granulifusus kiranus Kuroda, MS = Granulifusus kiranus Shuto, 1958 ["Granulifusus from
the Miyazaki Group (Paleontological study of Mizazaki Group V)" Trans. Paleo. Soc.
Japan 31:253-264, 1 pi.]

Fusinus g emmulif 'erus Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959
Fusinus crassiplicatus Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959

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THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(5): 1988

Turranailla apiealis Isao Taki, MS = Kira, 1959. Although Kira gave the name T.
suavis Yokoyama, 1926, ["Tertiary mollusks from southern Totomi," J. Pac. Sci.

Tokyo, sec. II, 1:313-364, pis. 38-41] to his figure (pi. 32, #2) in 1962,
nonetheless, T. apiealis was validly proposed by Kira in 1959.

Baryspira urasima Isao Taki, MS = Kira, 1959. Although Kira gave the name B.
hinomotoensis (Yokoyama, 1922) ["Fossils from the upper Musashino of Kazusa and
Simosa," J. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 44, 200 pp. , 15 pis.] to his figure (pi. 32, #3 ) in
1962, nonetheless, B. urasima was validly proposed by Kira, 1959.

Oliva hirasei Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959

Mitra (Concilia) yagurai Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959

Daphnella nobilis Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959

Cadulus (Platysehides) novilunatus Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959

Entalina majestiaa Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959

Centalium (Episiphon) aandelatum Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959

Dentalium (Pietodentalium) formosum hirasei Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959

Acila schencki Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959

ft lueulana (Thestyleda? ) acinaeea Habe, MS = N. (T.) acinacea Habe, 1958. ["Report on the
Mollusca chiefly collected by the S.S. Soyo Maru..." pt 3, Lamellibranchia. Publ.

Seto Mar. Biol. Lab. 6:214-280]

Fragum loochooanum Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959

Clinocardium uehidai Habe, MS = C. uohidai Habe, 1955. ["Fauna of Akkeshi Bay XXI.

Pelecypoda and Scaphopoda." Publ. Akkeshi Mar. Biol. Stn. 4:1-31, 7 pis.]

Vzstieardium eompunetum Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959

Vastieardivtm serricostatum Kuroda, MS = V. okinawaense Kuroda, 1960. [A catalogue
of molluscan fauna of the Okinawa Islands (exclusive of Cephalopoda) 106 pp. , 3 pis.
Ryukyu Univ.]

Irus ishibashianus Kuroda, MS = I. ishibashianus Kuroda & Habe, 1952. [Checklist and
bibliography of the Recent Mollusca of Japan. Tokyo, 210 pp. Replacement name for
Venerupis irus Yokoyama, 1924, non Lamarck, 1818]

Soleaurtus dunkeri Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959
Laneeolaria oxyrhyncha euspidata Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959

Euhadra roseoapicalis Kuroda, MS = Kira, 1959. E. brandti roseoapiaalis Kira, 1959
is the name in the 1962 edition.

A CATALOGUE OF THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF OKINOSHIMA, KASHIWAJIMA AND THE
ADJACENT AREA (TOSA PROVINCE), SHIKOKU, JAPAN by Masao Azuma, 1960, 102 pp. , plus
index to genera in Latin and Japanese, large octavo size, published by the author,
Nishinomiya City.

This seems to be a checklist of the Mollusca from this part of Japan. However,
six new species with English descriptions are validly proposed in the back of the book.
The specific and supraspecif ic taxa are in Latin with author and date. The remainder
of the catalogue is in Japanese except that collecting depths are given in English.

Five black-and-white plates illustrate a few species including the newly described
taxa.

COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SHELLS OF JAPAN II by Tadashige Habe, 1961, 183 pp. ,
66 color pis., octavo size, Osaka, Japan.

The binomens are in both Latin and Japanese and the only serious fault is the
complete lack of publication dates following each taxon. A separate 42 page appendix
contains complete descriptions in Japanese of a number of new genera and species.

Eleven new genera were all authored by Habe with one exception credited to Kuroda and
Habe. However, the many new species all validly proposed in this volume besides
being attributed to Habe, are ascribed to Kaj iyama and Habe, Kuroda, Abe and Habe,

Oyama and Habe, Sakurai and Habe, and Shikama and Habe. Agatha lepidula (A. Adams, MS)
is described as new. However, this name was validly proposed by A. Adams in 1861
[Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, vol. 7:299].

Vol. XX(5): 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 43

SHELLS OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC IN COLOR by Tetsuaki Kira, 1962, 224 pp. , 72 pis.,
large octavo size, Osaka, Japan.

This volume is an English edition of Kira's 1959 book. Although using the same
plates, the title has been changed from COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SHELLS OF JAPAN.
The numbered frontispiece is incorporated among the plates. With the addition of the
frontispiece from the 1959 edition as plate 1, all other plate:, numbers had to be
adjusted and are advanced one number. There are no dates following the binomens.

Three new species are described: Papyriscala bifasciata Kira and Habe, Coralliobia
akibumii Kira, and Mitropifex hirasei Kira. In this edition the manuscript names from
the 1959 edition are correctly ascribed to Kira with the exception of those proposed
prior to 1959.

SELECTED SHELLS OF THE WORLD ILLUSTRATED IN COLOURS by T. Shikama and M. Horikoshi,
1963, vol. 1, 154 pp., 102 pis., 211 text figs, large octavo size, Tokyo, Japan.

The text is entirely in Japanese, but the legends for the plates are in Latin,
Japanese and English.

SELECTED SHELLS OF THE WORLD ILLUSTRATED IN COLOURS II by T. Shikama, 1964,

212 pp., 70 pis. in color, large octavo size, Tokyo, Japan.

The text portion is in Japanese and is prolifically illustrated with drawings and
black-and-white photographs. The remaining pages are devoted to a bibliography and
index in English. In these two companion volumes no new taxa were described.

SHELLS OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC IN COLOR, VOL. II by T. Habe, 1964, 223 pp., 66 pis.,
large octavo size, Osaka, Japan.

This is an English edition of Habe's 1961 book, using the same plates, but
excluding the appendix with descriptions of new species. It is meant as a companion
volume to Kira (1962). No new taxa are described in this edition.

SHELLS OF THE WORLD IN COLOR, N two octavo size volumes. Vol. I by Tadashige Habe
and Kiyoshi Ito, 1965, 176 pp. , 66 pis., 31 text figs.; vol. II by T. Habe and Sadao
Kosuge, 1966, 193 pp., 68 color pis., 2 black-and-white pis., 1 map, Osaka, Japan.

Volume 1 treats the northern Pacific and Volume 2 concerns the tropical Pacific.

New taxa which seem to be proposed in each volume were actually described first in
the VENUS in Volume 24(l):14-45, July 1965, and in Volume 24 (4) : 312-341, May 1966.

The format is similar to the previous volumes of Kira (1959) and Habe (1961). The
text is in Japanese and the specific and supraspecif ic taxa in Latin followed by
author and date. Many species have the common name in English. Indices to genera
are in both Japanese and Latin.

THE SEA SHELLS OF SAGAMI BAY, Collected by His Majesty, the Emperor of Japan.
Described by Tokubei Kuroda, Tadashige Habe and Katura Oyama, 1971, edited by
Biological Laboratory Imperial Household, octavo size, Tokyo, Japan.

This work is really two books: the first in Japanese of 741 pages and the second
in English of 489 pages. The 121 plates (105 in color, 16 black-and-white) inserted
between the Japanese and English versions apply to both books. A number of new taxa,
including 30 genera and 104 species, are validly proposed in the text.

CATALOGUE OF MOLLUSCAN TAXA DESCRIBED BY T. HABE DURING 1930-1975, WITH
ILLUSTRATIONS OF HITHERTO UNFIGURED SPECIES compiled by T. Inaba and K. Oyama, 1977,
large octavo size, 169 pp., 7 pis., Tokyo, Japan.

The catalogue, beginning with page 19, is arranged alphabetically. Besides the
index, etc., there is a chronological bibliography [in English and Japanese] of Habe's
papers up to 1975. [Plates 1-3 are of previously unfigured species.]

Page 44

THE FESTIVUS

Vol. XX(5) : 1988

A CATALOGUE OF MOLLUSCA OF WAKAYAMA PREFECTURE, THE PROVINCE OF KII. I BIVALVT A
SCAPHOPODA AND CEPHALOPODA, based on Kuroda's manuscript, supervised by T. Habe
edited by Y. Koyama, et al, 1981, publication of Seto Mar. Biol. Lab. Spec. Pub.’ ser.
vol. 7, no. 1, 301 pp., 13 pis., large octavo size, Kyoto, Japan.

Although the catalogue is based on Kuroda's manuscript, T. Habe described eleven
new species therein. Habe prepared the text on both the Bivalvia and Scaphopoda; the
Cephalopoda is by Iwao Taki. The text is in Japanese, Latin and English.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We wish to express our gratitude to Dr. Takashi Okutani, Professor of Invertebrat*
Zoology Tokyo University of Fisheries, for critically reviewing the paper and for
his helpful comments.

LITERATURE CITED

DUNKER, G.

1882. Index molluscorum maris Japonici. 301 pp. , 16 pis., T. Fischer.

KOBELT, W.

1879. Fauna molluscorum extramarinorum Japoniae. Abh. Senckenbergishe Nat
Ges. 11:291-455, 23 pis.

LISCHKE, C.E.

1869-1874. Japanische meeres-conchylien. 3 vols. T. Fincher
PILSBRY, H. A.

1895. Catalogue of the marine mollusks of Japan with descriptions of new species
and notes on others collected by F. Stearns. 196 pp. , 11 pis. Pub. by
Stearns. Detroit.

CLUB NEWS

THE ANNUAL GREATER SAN DIEGO SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FAIR

The Club again participated in the Science Fair. Club judges Ginny Herrmann
and Barbara Myers chose as the winning project," A study of Mussel and Barnacle
Zonation at Bay Rock Jetties" by Eden J. Estepa, a 17 year old twelfth grader at
Mt. Miguel High School.

In addition to the Club's award, Eden also took second place in Zoology in the
senior division and won an award from the San Diego Oceans Foundation.

Eden will come to a summer Club meeting and present an overview of her project.
At that time she will receive her Club award. Her choice from the books offered is
the fourth edition of Barnes' "Invertebrate Zoology."

TOO LATE FOR THE ROSTER

Gill, Eve, 1566 Oramas Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93103

ISSN: 0738-9388

G- L

Mol

Volume: XX

THE FESTIVUS

A publication of the San Diego Shell Club

June 9, 1988

Number: 6

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor

Photographer

Bill Romer
Bob Yin
Jules Hertz
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Carole M. Hertz
David K. Mulliner

MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego
Shell Club. Single member: $10.00;
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Address all correspondence to the
San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883
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SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
R. Tucker Abbott

American Malacologists s Inc.

Eugene Coan

Research Associate

California Academy of Sciences

Anthony D'Attilio

Associate

San Diego Natural History Museum

William K. Emerson

American Museum of Natural History

Terrence M. Gosliner

California Academy of Sciences

James H. McLean

Los Angeles County Museum

of Natural History

Barry Roth

Research Associate

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily H. Vokes
Tulane University

The Festivus is published monthly except

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M., December. T h e^ jpjrb J4=GatA° n date appears
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park

on the mas

//

/

PROGRAM

T

\

JUL 07 198a

Li BR

BRANCHS + Underwater Images of Eastern Pacific Ihv^lf'^b'rates

Dr. Marc Chamberlain, local neurosurgeon and award winning underwater photographer
will present this illustrated talk. Dr. Chamberlain was San Diego Underwater
Photographic Society (SD-UPS) Advanced Underwater Photographer of the year for 1987
and has been a presenter at the last seven or more annua] SD-UPS festivals and at
the 1987 Western Society of Malacologists annual meeting.

Mini-program: Slides by Dave Mulliner of the last three Club events.

Meeting date: June 16, 1988

CONTENTS

Club news 46

A report of the molluscan species in the San Carlos Rectangle, Sonora, Mexico,
collected by Forrest L. and Leroy H. Poorman from December 1953 to
December 1983

FORREST L. and LEROY H. POORMAN 47

Page 46

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(6): 1988

CLUB NEWS

THE ANNUAL SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB AUCTION/POTLUCK

Auction fever reached an all time high at the Club's annual Auction/Potluck
on Saturday evening, April 30th. Through the courtesy of Wes Farmer, the Club was
able to hold this noteworthy happening at his Clubhouse. The popularity of this
exciting event was reflected in the heightened activity of the bidders, most of whom
seemed determined to possess something or anything of the more than 200 specimen shells
or shell related items sent to the rap of the gavel. The 200 plus figure does not
include the vast array of fascinating shells, books, pictures and printed materials
up for bid at the Silent Auction.

Auction material included everything from a Pleurotomaria afrieana to a
Spondylus variegata, but the item which received the greatest attention and the
highest bid was the drawing of Murex adunoa sold to Larry and Toni Buck.

Attending members and guests indulged in tasty potluck dishes and partook of
"Dave's Punch" which helped to make this evening an occasion not soon to be forgotten.

Our appreciation goes to Wes Farmer for hosting this event.

Wayne Reed

FROM THE MINUTES - SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB MEETING - MAY 19, 1988

President Bill Romer welcomed members and guests to the meeting and announced that
Eden Estepa was the Club winner of the Science Fair. She will attend our July
meeting to talk about her project, "MUSSELS AND BARNACLES; HOW THEY ARE AFFECTED BY
THE ENVIRONMENT." She will receive her award at that time.

Vice President Bob Yin introduced speaker Anthony D'Attilio by saying, "Tony
D'Attilio doesn't need any introduction. He is an artist in his own right." He
mentioned some of Tony's accomplishments such as his outstanding carved glass eagles
in relief on the ceilings of both the Senate Rotunda and House of Representatives in
Washington. He noted Tony's interest in sculpture, shape and form which extends to
the sculptural diversity of seashells. It is this diversity of nature which was the
theme of Tony's talk.

Tony's slide presentation revealed the diversity of mollusks since the dawn of
the Cretaceous. Slide after slide, many by Bob Yin, showed the seemingly endless
shapes, forms and colors of shells; shells with distinct qualities which have existed
as long as 500 million years. It was a fantastic program.

Bill introduced Don Pisor who spoke about the upcoming COA Convention scheduled
for June 1989. Don mentioned the need to find a convention site and a volunteer force
to fill the following committees: accommodations, decorations, finance, program,
publicity, registration, solicitations, party, field trip. The publicity committee
will be headed by Mella and Herb Webster. Please contact Don (279-9342) if you will
help.

For the mini-program, young Jeremy HutseU described the enthusiasm of collecting
shells of the northwest coast just outside of Seattle on Bay Bridge Island. The
knowledgeable young collector explained that the largest number of shells, including
over 100 top shells and a large number of Murex foliatum were found about a quarter
mile offshore near enormous kelp beds. He found many of the Murex species feeding
on mussels.

Because of the extended length of the meeting, Jeremy had to postpone the slide
show portion of his program until a future meeting. We look forward to seeing the
visual segment of his presentation.

The meeting concluded with the shell drawing. The winner was Don Avilez.

Wayne Reed

THE ANNUAL SEPTEMBER PARTY

Mark your calendars. The September party, this year with a Mexican theme, will
be held on Saturday evening, September 17th in Toni and Larry Buck's garden.

Vol. XX(6) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 47

A REPORT OF THE MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN THE SAN CARLOS RECTANGLE, SONORA,
MEXICO, COLLECTED BY FORREST L. AND LEROY H. POORMAN
FROM DECEMBER 1953 TO DECEMBER 1983

BY

FORREST L. and LEROY H. POORMAN
15300 Magnolia Street, Space 55, Westminster, California 92683

In the past 25 years, we have published three papers on molluscan populations at
Guaymas , Sonora, Mexico. DuShane & Poorman (1964), was a checklist, including
habitats from which the species had been collected; Poorman & Poorman (1979) and
Poorman (1982) discussed changing habitats and their effects on the species in the San
Carlos area.

"San Carlos" is a name loosely applied to a region about 14 miles west of Guaymas.
When we first visited it in 1953, the region included Estero San Carlos, a craggy
mountain called Tetas de Cabra, a rocky shoreline, and a few Indian camps. By 1983,
there were several trailer parks, stores, a bank, hotels, a marina and many luxurious
homes on the hills and promontories. A new golf course was surrounded by new housing.
The winter population rose to perhaps 10,000 people, mostly Americans.

Since the time of the first checklist, we have concentrated nearly 20 years of
collecting in an area approximately three miles wide and five miles long which we
call the Rectangle (Figure 1). About three months each year were spent collecting
in this area, including all months except July and August (Poorman & Poorman, 1979).
This list is a summary of the molluscan species taken during that period. All speci-
mens were collected by the authors and are presently in our collection.

COLLECTING METHODS

Shore collecting - included turning rocks, sifting sand in tide pools, searching
such algae as Caulerpa and Padina, hunting on the sand flat

Diving - not very rewarding, greater success in bringing algae ashore for
inspection

Dredging - very rewarding in depths of 5-120 m (Dredging was done with a 16 inch
box dredge and 1,200 feet of line.)

ECOLOGICAL NOTES

The Rectangle was defined to include the following habitats numbered here as
they appear on the map in Figure 1.

1. A large estero with many acres of intertidal sandflat at the head; sides of small
and then larger rocks leading to a narrow channel; the entrance protected by a rocky
headland in 30 m of water; rocky coves along the sides of the estero providing
habitats for soft and hard corals

2. A shoreline of small and large rocks leading directly to 20-30 m depth and several
small sandy beaches exposed to the main Gulf

3. Offshore from 40-80 m a bottom of small rocks, sand and silt with many empty shells
several rocky outcroppings and ledges rising from the bottom

4. At the south central part of the Rectangle an area several hundred meters across
deeper (80-100 m) than the surrounding bottom and containing great quantities of empty
shells providing habitats for many species

5. Beyond this depression at the 100 m mark the bottom becoming silty mud with only
a few animals

Vol. XX(6) :1988

Page 48

THE FESTIVUS

GULF OF CALIFORNIA

Vol . XX(6): 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 49

Repeated visits showed the effects of the violent storms and strong tidal currents
(6 knots) even 3 miles off the headlands. Rocky reefs were sometimes sanded over only
to reappear several years later. The shoreline and the estero were little affected
by the currents but did show some deterioration as the area developed.

The estero suffered considerably since 1970 as a result of the development of a
marina, the housing around the head, and the dumping of shark carcasses by local
fishermen. The odor of H2S became very strong and etching of the shells increased.

The mean water temperature in this area, as recorded by fishermen, rose about
seven degrees in the past 10 years. On our last visit to the region in October and
November 1983 we dredged only about ten percent of the molluscan species we had come
to expect, each dredge load containing 40-60 specimens. This may have been a result
of the change in water temperature. Predation of mollusks, especially offshore by
seals, fish, crabs, octopus and starfish, was very evident and almost no juvenile
shells were observed. We dredged many crushed, broken and drilled shells — starfish
and urchins engulfing live mollusks.

Only two species, Strombus graoilior and Drillia roseola , were evident in in-
creased numbers everywhere on silt bottom to 40 m depth. The Strombus were all
juvenile while the Drillia were of a range of sizes. Formerly, these species were
rare in the dredge samples.

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT

The format for the following list is given here:

1. The species number and the scientific name are those used in Keen (1971) with
generic and species names updated when possible. Brackets [] indicate source consulted.

2. A small letter after a number indicates that a synonym in Keen (1971) has been
elevated to specific rank with the letter representing its placement in that work e*g.
a=lst, b=2nd etc.

3. A capital letter after a number indicates a species not included in Keen (1971)
and is intended to show approximate placement among the hierarchy of species in
that book.

4. An asterisk after a number indicates a significant new distributional record.

5. Habitats and dredging depths are given for all species. Unless otherwise noted,
specimens were dredged with the abbreviation "dr" for dredged used only when necessary
to differentiate between collecting methods.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Carol Skoglund and Carole Hertz kindly helped in updating the entries since
Keen (1971).

LITERATURE CITED

ABBOTT, R. TUCKER

1974. American seashells, 2nd ed., Van Nostrand Rheinhold, 663 pp.

ABBOTT, R. TUCKER & S. PETER DANCE

1982. Compendium of seashells. E.P. Dutton, Inc. 410 pp .

BERNARD, F.R.

1983. Catalogue of the living Bivalvia of the eastern Pacific Ocean: Bering
Strait to Cape Horn. Canadian Sp. Pub. Fish. & Aquatic Sci. 61, 102 pp .

BERTSCH, HANS

1977. The Chromodoridinae nudibranchs from the Pacific coast of America-Pt . 1 . . .
Veliger 20 (2) : 107-118 .

1978. The Chromodoridinae nudibranchs from the Pacific coast of America . -Pt . II .
the genus Chromodoris . Veliger 20 (4) : 307-327 .

BEU, A. G.

1985. A classification and catalogue of living world Ranellidae (=Cymatiidae)
and Bursidae. COA Bulletin 13(4):55-66.

Page 50

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(6) : 1988

BRATCHER, TWILA & WALTER 0. CERNOHORSKY

1987. Living Terebras of the world. American Malacologists , Inc., 240 pp.

CATE, CRAWFORD N.

1977. A review of the Eratoidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Veliger 19 (3 ): 341-366 .
CERNOHORSKY, W.O.

1976. The Mitridae of the World. Part 1. the subfamily Mitrinae. Indo-Pacific
Mollusca 3(17) :273-528.

1984. Systematics of the family Nassariidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Bull.
Auckland Inst. & Mus. 14, 356 pp.

COAN, EUGENE V.

1971. The Northwest American Tellinidae. Veliger 14 Suppl. , 63 pp.

1983. A Semele story (Bivalvia: Semelidae). Nautilus 97 (4) : 132-134 .

1984. The Recent Crassatellinae of the eastern Pacific, with some notes on
Grassinella. Veliger 26 (3) : 153-169

C00MANS, H.E., R.G. M00LENBEEK 6 E. WILS

Alphabetical revision of the (sub) species in Recent Conidae 9. ebvaeus to
extvaovdinavius with the description of Conus etegans vamalhoi nov.

subspecies. Basteria 50:93-150.

ANTHONY & CAROLE M. HERTZ

The eastern Pacific species of Murex sensu stricto. Festivus 11(8)59-63.
Tripterotyphis lowei from Broome, West Australia with information on the
known distribution of its nominal subspecies. Festivus 16(5):50-53.
ANTHONY & BARBARA W. MYERS

Descriptions of five new muricacean gastropods and comments on two
additional species, ihthe families Muricidae and Coralliophilidae :
(Mollusca). Trans. San Diego Soc. N.H. 20(5):81-94.

Illustrations of Recent Vygmaeptevys : Muricopsinae . Festivus 17(6):59-63.
DRAPER, BERTRAM

1986. The family Barleeidae in the eastern Pacific according to the "Review of
the Genera of the Barleeidae..." by W.F. Ponder (1983). Festivus 18(2):

1986.

D'ATTILIO,

1979.

1984.

D'ATTILIO,

1984.

1985.

16-18.

DUSHANE, HELEN

1974. The Panamic-Galapagan Epitoniidae. Veliger 16 Suppl. 84pp.

DUSHANE, HELEN & ROY P00RMAN

1964. A checklist of mollusks for Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico. Veliger 9 (4) : 413-441 .
FERREIRA, ANTONIO J.

1983. The genus Chaetopleura Shuttleworth, 1853 (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) in
the warm-temperate and tropical eastern Pacific, southern California to
Peru.... Veliger 25 (3) : 203-224 .

GEMMELL, JOYCE, CAROLE M. HERTZ & BARBARA W. MYERS

1980. Seastar predation on mollusks in the San Felipe Bay area, Baja California
Mexico. Festivus 12(3):23-55.

GEMMELL, JOYCE, BARBARA W. MYERS & CAROLE M. HERTZ

1984. Observations on Macomci si I'tqua (C.B. Adams, 1852), Bivalvia: Tellinidae.
Festivus :16(5) : 54-61.

1987. A faunal study of the bivalves of San Felipe and environs, Gulf of
Calif ornia .... Festivus 18 Suppl. , 72 pp.

HARRY, HAROLD W.

1985. Synopsis of the supraspecif ic classification of living oysters (Bivalvia:
Gryphaeidae and Ostreidae) Veliger 28 (2) : 121-158 .

HERTZ, CAROLE M. , JOYCE GEMMELL & BARBARA W. MYERS

1982. A review of Chama buddiana C.B. Adams, 1852 (Bivalvia: Chamidae).

Festivus 14(2):15-24.

HERTZ, CAROLE M. , BARBARA W. MYERS & JOYCE GEMMELL

1982. The distribution of Diplodonta orbellus (Gould, 1851) and a diagnoses of
diplodonta subquadrata (Carpenter, 1856)... Festivus 14(7): 76-87.

Vol . XX(6) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 51

HERTZ, CAROLE M. & JULES HERTZ

1982. A new eastern Pacific species of Eulimostraoa (Gastropoda: Eulimidae).
Veliger 25(1) :72-76.

HUGHES, ROGER N. & WILLIAM K. EMERSON

1987. Anatomical and taxonomic characteristics of Harpa and W orum
(Neogastropoda: Harpaidae) . Veliger 29 (4 ): 349-358 .

KEEN, A. MYRA

1971. Sea shells of tropical west America, 2nd ed . Stanford Univ. Press. 1064 pp .
KEEN, A MYRA & EUGENE COAN

1975. "Sea shells of tropical west America": additions and corrections to 1975.
Western Soc. Malac. Occas. P>ap. 1, 66 pp.

MARINCOVICH, LOUIE JR.

1977. Cenozoic Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the northeastern Pacific.

Bull. Amer. Paleo. 70(294) 494 pp .

PONDER, WINSTON

1972. Notes on some Australian genera and species of the family Muricidae
(Neogastropoda). Jour. Malac. Soc. Aust. 2(3): 215-248.

1985. A review of the genera of the Rissoidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rissoacea).
Rec. Aust. Mus. Suppl. 4, 221 pp.

POORMAN, LEROY H.

1982. Molluscan populations at Bahia San Carlos, Sonora, Mexico.

Festivus 14 (9) : 101-104 .

POORMAN, FORREST L. & LEROY H. POORMAN

1979. The San Carlos Rectangle. Festivus 11(4):30-31.

RADWIN, GEORGE E. & ANTHONY D’ATTILIO

1976. Murex shells of the world ... Stanford Univ. Press. Stanford. 284 pp.
ROBERTSON, ROBERT

1975. Faunal affinities of the Architectonicidae in the eastern Pacific.

Bull. Amer. Malac. Union for 1975:51-52.

VOKES , EMILY H.

1982. Update of Muricidae for "Sea Shells of Tropical West America" (as of
June 1982). Ann. Rpt . Western Soc. Malac. 15:10-12.

1984. Comparison of the Muricidae of the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic,
with cognate species. Shells & Sea Life 16 (11) : 210-215 .

MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN THE SAN CARLOS RECTANGLE

BIVALVIA

3 Solemya (Petrasma) valvulus Carpenter, 1864, 35 m on silt

4 Nucula (Nucula) declivis Hinds, 1843, 35 m on gravel

5 N. (N. ) exigua Sowerby, 1833, 35 m on gravel

8 N. (N.) schenki Hertlein 6, Strong, 1940, 35 m on gravel

9 N. (Ennucula) Columbiana Dali, 1908, 35-100 m on gravel and empty shells

16 Nuculana (Costelloleda) costellata (Sowerby, 1833), 20 m on gravel

17 N. (C.) marella Hertlein, Hanna 6 Strong, 1940, 100 m on empty shells
19 N. (Saccella) aarita (Dali, 1908), 30-100 m on gravel and empty shells
23 N. (S.) elenensis (Sowerby, 1833), 35-90 m on gravel and empty shells
26 N. (S.) impar (Pilsbry 6 Lowe, 1932), 20-40 m on gravel

35* N. lucasana Strong & Hertlein, 1937, 100 m on empty shells

39 Adrana exoptata (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932), 30 m in sand

40 A. periascoensis (Lowe, 1935), 30 m in sand

64 Nucinella eubdola (Strong & Hertlein, 1935), 35 m in gravel

66 Area (Area) mutabilis (Sowerby, 1833), intertidal under rocks

67 A. (A.) pacifica (Sowerby, 1833), 20-35 m on sand and gravel

74 Barbatia ( Cucullaearca ) reeveana (Orbigny, 1846), intertidal under rocks

79* Anadara (Anadara) mazatlanica (Hertlein 6 Strong, 1943), 25-90 m on gravel and empty shells
88 A. (Esmerarca) reinharti (Lowe, 1935), 35 m on small rocks

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THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(6) : 1988

90 A. (Larkinia) multicostata (Sowerby, 1833), Intertidal; dr 20 m on small rocks
92* A. ( Risia) formosa (Sowerby, 1833), 20-50 m on gravel
93 A. (Scapharca) biangulata (Sowerby, 1833), 20 m on gravel

99 Arcopsis solida (Sowerby, 1833), intertidal under rocks; dr 35 m on small rocks
103 Noetia ( Sheldonella) delgada (Lowe, 1935), 100 m on empty shells
110 Glycymeris (Glycymeris) gigantea (Reeve, 1843), 60 m on small rocks
112 £7. (G . ) maeulata (Broderip, 1832), 20 m in sand

116 G. (Tucetona) multicostata (Sowerby, 1833), 20 m in sand

117 G. (T. ) strigilata (Sowerby, 1833), 35 m in gravel

122 Brachidontes semilaevis (Menke, 1849), 100 m on Brillia aerope

125 Mytella guyanensis (Lamarck, 1819), intertidal on rock; dr 20 m on Spondylus valve
129* Septifer zeteki Hertlein & Strong, 1946, 35 m on small rocks

131 Crenella divaricata (Orbigny, 1842) [Gemmell, Hertz, Myers, 1980 for date correction] 35 m on gravel

132 Gregariella chenui (Recluz, 1842), 65 m on small rocks
133* G. coarctata (Carpenter, 1857), 100 m on empty shells
134* G. denticulata (Dali, 1871), 35 m on gravel

135 Lioberus ealvadoricus (Hertlein & Strong, 1946), 40 m on gravel
143 Lithophaga (Myoforceps) aristata (Dillwyn, 1817), intertidal
149 Modiolus capax (Conrad, 1837), intertidal on reef; dr 35 m on rocks
151 M. pseudotulipus Olsson, 1961, 25 m on small rocks
153 Amygdalum americanum Soot-Ryen, 1955, 25 m on silt

161 Pteria sterna (Gould, 1851), intertidal under rocks; dr 35-50 m on gorgonians

162 Binctada mazatlanica (Hanley, 1856), on reef at low tide

164 Isognomon quadratus (Anton, 1837) [=1. recognitus (Mabille, 1895)] [Bernard, 1983],
intertidal under rocks; dr 35 m on rocks

167 Myrakeena angelica (Rochebrune, 1895) [Harry, 1985], intertidal on rocks; 35 m on rocks
169* M. conchaphila (Carpenter, 1857)- [ibid] 100 m on empty shells

171 Eyotissa hyotis (Linne, 1758) [= Ostrea fischeri Dali, 1914 ][ibid] 100 m (1 valve)

173* Undulostrea megodon (Hanley, 1846) [ibid] 35 m on rocks

174d Saccostrea palmula (Carpenter, 1857) [= 0. dalli Lamy, 1930] [ibid] 100 m (.2 valves)

175 Ostrea tubulifera Dali, 1914, 20 m on empty shells

176 Pecten ( Flabellipecten) berryi Bernard, 1983 [= Pecten lunaris Berry, 1963 not Romer, 1839]

[Bernard, 1983] 100 m on empty shells

177 P. ( F. ) sericeus Hinds, 1845, 100 m on empty shells (with Capulus )

181 P. (Oppenheimopecten) vogdesi Arnold, 1906, 70 m on small rocks and silt (with Capulus )

182 Argopecten circularis (Sowerby, 1835), 35 m on gravel

183 Chlamys lowei (Hertlein, 1935), 35-100 m on gravel and empty shells (with Capulus )

187 Cyclopecten graui (Knudsen, 1970) [Keen & Coan, 1975] 100 m on empty shells

191* Delectopecten polyleptus (Dali, 1908), 35 m on gravel

194 D. zacae (Hertlein, 1935), 100 m on empty shells

195 Leptopecten (Leptopecten) biolleyi (Hertlein & Strong, 1946), 35-100 m on gravel and empty shells

198 L. (L.) palmeri (Dali, 1897), 100 m on empty shells

199* L. (L.) velero (Hertlein, 1935), 100 m on empty shells

202* Lyropecten (Nodipecten) subnodosus (Sowerby, 1835), 35-60 m on small rocks

204* Pseudamussium (Peplum) fasciculatum (Hinds, 1845), 100 m on empty shells

207* Plicatula inezana Durham, 1950, 30-100 m on small rocks

208* P. penicillata Carpenter, 1857, 20-80 m in empty valves

210 Spondylus calcifer Carpenter, 1857, 100 m

212 S. princeps unicolor Sowerby, 1847, 35 m

214 Lima (Lima) tetrica Gould, 1851, intertidal under rocks in estero; dr 35 m with rocks

217 L. ( Limaria ) hemphilli Hertlein & Strong, 1946, 35 m with rocks

218* L. (Limatula) similaris Dali, 1908, 35 m with gravel

219 L. (Promantellum) pacifica Orbigny, 1846, intertidal under rocks

221 Anomia adamas (Gray, 1850), intertidal under rocks; dr 35 m on small rocks

224* Placunanomia cumingii Broderip, 1832, 35 m on small rocks

227* Pododesmus (Monia) cepio (Gray, 1850), on pilings in estero

229 Eucrassatella antillarum (Reeve, 1842) [= E. digueti Lamy, 1917] [Coan, 1984] 35 m on silt

234 Crassinella pacifica (C.B. Adams, 1852), 35 m on gravel

236 Tellidorella cristulata Berry, 1936, 110 m on sand and silt

237 Carditamera af finis (Sowerby, 1833) [Gemmell, Myers 6 Hertz, 1987] intertidal in estero

239 Cardites crassicostata (Sowerby, 1825) [ibid] 20-35 m on small rocks

242* Cyclocardia (Cyclocardia) beebei (Hertlein, 1958) [Bernard, 1983] 100 m on empty shells
244 Cardita (Strophocardia)megastropha (Gray, 1825), 20 m on rocks

269 Lucina ( Callucina) lingualis Carpenter, 1864, 20 m in sand

270 L. (C.) prolongata Carpenter, 1857, 35 m on rocks

271 L. (Here) excavata Carpenter, 1857, 100 m on empty shells

272 L. (Lunisca) centrifuga (Dali, 1901), 35-100 m on gravel and empty shells

276* L. (Pleurolucina) cancellaris Philippi, 1846, 35-100 m on gravel and empty shells

277* L. (P. ) leucocymoides (Lowe, 1935) 90 m on gravel and empty shells

278 L. (P.) undatoides Hertlein 6 Strong, 1945, 35 m on gravel

280* Ctena chiquita (Dali, 1901), 35 m on gravel

281* C. clarionensis Hertlein 6 Strong, 1946, 35 m on gravel

283* C. galapagana (Dali, 1901), 35 m on gravel

284 C. mexicana (Dali, 1901), 35 m on gravel

Vol . XX(6) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 53

285* Divalinga ( Divalinga) ebumea (Reeve, 1850), 35-60 m on gravel
287* Miltha xantusi (Dali, 1905), 90-100 m on empty shells

288 Pegophysema edentuloides (Verrill, 1870), 80 m on silt and small rocks

289 Lucinoma annulata (Reeve, 1850), 120 m on silt

291* Diplodonta inezensis (Hertlein & Strong, 1947), 35 m on silt

292 D. subquadrata (Carpenter, 1856) [= D. suprema Olsson, 1961] [Hertz, Myers 6 Gemmell, 1982] 35 m in

silt [P. subquadrata] ; 35 m in sand [O. suprema]

295 Pelaniella (Zemysia) parilis (Conrad, 1848) [= F. sericata (Reeve, 1850) ] [Bernard , 1983] 35 m in silt

296 Phlyctiderma (Phlyctiderma) discrepans (Carpenter, 1857), 35 m in gravel
300* P. (Pegmapex) phoebe (Berry, 1960), 35 m in gravel

302 Conahoaele excavata (Dali, 1901) [Bernard, 1983 | 20 m in sand
304 Cymatioa eleotilis (Berry, 1963), intertidal

308 Tryphomyax mexicanus (Berry, 1959), 20 m in sand

309 Amerycina colpoioa (Dali, 1913), 20 m in sand

310 A. aultrata Keen, 1971, 30 m on silt

311 Lasaea subvividus Dali, 1899, intertidal

312 Kellia suborbicularis (Montagu, 1803), 60 m on gravel
322 Solecavdia ebumea Conrad, 1849, 60 m on gravel

324 Aligena cokeri Dali, 1909, 20 m in sand

327 Mysella compressa (Dali, 1913), 100 m on empty shells

339* Orobitella zorrita (Olsson, 1961), 20-30 m in sand

340 Pythinella sublaevis (Carpenter, 1857), 35 m in apertures of turrids

342* Basterotia (Basterotia) peninsularis (Jordan, 1936), 25 m in sand and gravel

343 B. (B. ) hertleini Durham, 1950, 30 m in sand

346 Chama buddiana C.B. Adams, 1852 [= C. mexicana Carpenter, 1857] [Hertz, Gemmell and Myers, 1982]
intertidal on rocks; dr 35-100 m on rocks and empty shells
348 C. frondosa Broderip, 1835, 30 m on small rocks
350 C. sordida Broderip, 1835, 35 m on small rocks

351* C. squamuligera Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932, intertidal on rocks; 20 m on rocks
353* Arcinella California (Dali, 1903), 35 m on small rocks

357 Pseudochama fanus (Reeve, 1847), 35 m on small rocks

359 P. saavedrae Hertlein & Strong, 1946, 35 m on small rocks

360 Trachycardzwn ( Trachycardium ) consors (Sowerby, 1833), 30-100 m on silt and empty shells

362 T. ( Fallocardia) senticosum (Sowerby, 1833), intertidal in mud

365 T. (Phlogocardia) belcheri (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829), 35-60 m on silt

366 Papyridea aspersa (Sowerby, 1833), 40-60 m on gravel

367 P. crockeri Strong & Hertlein, 1937, 100 m on empty shells

369 Trigoniocardia ( Trigoniocardia ) granifera (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829), 35 m on gravel

370 Americardia biangulata (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829) [Bernard, 1983] intertidal in estero;

20-35 m in sand and rocks

373 Lophocardium annettae (Dali, 1889), 35 m on coarse gravel

376* Nemocardium (Microcardium) pazianum (Dali, 1916), 20-100 m on silt and empty shells
377* Laevicardium clarionense (Hertlein & Strong, 1947), 35-60 m on sand and gravel

379 L. elenense (Sowerby, 1840), 20 m in sand

380 Periglypta multicostata (Sowerby, 1835), intertidal in sand around rocks; dr 20 m on small rocks

381 Ventricolaria isocardia (Verrill, 1870), 35-80 m on gravel

382* V. magdalenae (Dali, 1902), 110 m on silt

383 Gouldia calif omica Dali, 1917, 35-60 m on sand and gravel

391 Transenella caryonautus Berry, 1963, 60 m on gravel

394* T. modesta (Sowerby, 1835), 20 m in sand

397* Pitar (Pitar) berryi Keen, 1971, 35 m in sand

401 P. IP.) helenae Olsson, 1961, 20-35 m in sand and silt

403* P. (P. ) perfragilis Pilsbry 6 Lowe, 1932, 100 m on empty shells

406 P. (Eyphantosoma) pollicaris (Carpenter, 1864), 20 m in sand

414* P. ( Lamellic07icha ) frizzelli Hertlein 6 Strong, 1948, 35-100 m on gravel and empty shells

421 P. (Pitarella) catharius (Dali, 1902), 35-100 m on gravel and empty shells

424 Megapitaria aurantiaca (Sowerby, 1831), intertidal in sand around rocks; dr 35 m in gravel

425 M. squalida (Sowerby, 1835), 20-35 m in sand and silt

426 Dosinia dunkeri (Philippi, 1844), 35-100 m on sand and empty shells
429* Cyclinella fadisi Olsson, 1961, 35 m on silt and gravel

434 C. ulloana Hertlein & Strong, 1948, 35 m on gravel
439 Psephidia cymata Dali, 1913, 35 m on silt and sand
441 Chione (Chione) compta (Broderip, 1835), 35 m on sand

444 C. (?C.) tumens (Verrill, 1870), intertidal in sand

445 C. (C.) undatella (Sowerby, 1835), intertidal in sand

456 C. (Chionopsis) purpurissata Dali, 1902, 80 m on gravel

457 C. (Iliochione) subrugosa (Wood, 1828), intertidal in sand

460 C. (Lirophora) mariae (Orbigny, 1846), 35 m in gravel

463 C. (Timoclea) squamosa (Carpenter, 1857), 35 m in gravel

483 Petricola (Rupellaria) robusta Sowerby, 1834, beach specimens
497 Anatina cyprinus (Wood, 1828), 20-50 m in silt and sand

Page 54

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(6) : 1988

512

513*

515

517

518
523*
529
535
538*
539
540*
546*
551
557
559
567

568A

569

598

603

607*

608*

609

614

624

626

628*

631

633

634

637

638

649

650
661
669
673

676

678*

684

687*

692*

695*

710

733

739

740*

744

746*

749*

762*

764

766

773

777

781

786

789

Tellina (Angulus) ooani Keen, 1971, 30 ra In sand

T. (A.) felix Hanley, 1844, 90 m in silt

T. (A,) hibema Hanley, 1844, 35 m in silt

T. (A.) meropsis Dali, 1900, 20 m in sand

T. (A.) recurvata Hertlein & Strong, 1949, 35 m in sand

T. (Elliptotellina) pacifica Dali, 1900, 20-35 m in sand and gravel

T. (Eury tellina) inaequistriata Donovan, 1802, 35 ra in sand

T. (E.) simulans C.B. Adams, 1852, intertidal; dr 100 m on empty shells

T. (Lyratellina) lyra Hanley, 1844, 35 m in gravel

T. (L.) lyrica Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932, 35 ra in gravel

T. (Merisca) brevirostris Deshayes, 1855, 35-100 m on silt and empty shells
T. (Phyllodina) pristiphora Dali, 1900, 35-90 m on silt and empty shells
T. (Tellinella) cumingii Hanley, 1844, 35 m on gravel

Leporimetis cognata (Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1902) [Coan, 1971] 35-100 m on gravel and empty shells
Maooma (Cymatoica) undulata (Hanley, 1844), 35-100 m on gravel and empty shells
M. (Psammacoma) panamensis spectri Hertlein & Strong, 1949 [Gemmell, Myers & Hertz, 1984]
35-100 m on gravel and empty shells

M. seota (Conrad, 1837) 80 m on empty shells (valves)

Psammotreta (Psammotreta) aurora (Hanley, 1844), 35 m on gravel
ionax punatatostriatus Hanley, 1843, intertidal in sand
Gari (G obraeus) helenae Olsson, 1961, 35 m in gravel
G. (G . ) panamensis Olsson, 1961, 20-35 m in sand
G. (G . ) regularis (Carpenter, 1864), intertidal in sand
Heterodonax paoifious (Conrad, 1837), intertidal in sand
Solecurtis guaymasensis Lowe, 1935, 20-35 m in sand
Tagelus (Mesopleura) politus (Carpenter, 1857), 35 m in silt

Semele aalifomiaa (Reeve, 1853 ex A. Adams MS), around octopus burrow in estero
S. oraneana Hertlein & Strong, 1949, 100 m on empty shells

S. formosa (Sowerby, 1833) [= S. verruculastra Keen, 1966] [Coan, 1983] 30-100 m (valves)

S. jovis ' (Reeve, 1853), 35-100 m on gravel and empty shells

S. junonia (Verrill, 1870) [= S. rosea rosea (Sowerby, 1833)] [Coan, in press] 20—35 m in gravel
S. paoifica Dali, 1915, 35 m on gravel

S. pallida (Sowerby, 1833), 35-100 m on gravel and empty shells
S. sparsilineata Dali, 1915, 35 m on gravel
S. tortuosa (C.B. Adams, 1852), 100 m on empty shells
Semelina subquadrata (Carpenter, 1857), 35 m on gravel

Erisis nitidus (Clessin, 1888) [=E. califomicus Dali, 1899] [Bernard, 1983] 20 m in silt
Sphenia lutioola (Valenciennes, 1846 [=5. fragilis (H.& A. Adams, 1854) ] [ibid]

50 m on gravel

Corbula (Caryooorbula) marmorata Hinds, 1843, 35 m in gravel
C. (C.) nuoiformis Sowerby, 1833, 25 m in gravel
C. (Juliacorbula) bicarinata Sowerby, 1833, intertidal in estero
C. (J.) ira Dali, 1908, 100 m on empty shells
C. ( Vxricorbula) speoiosa Reeve, 1843, 20-35 m in sand
Gastroohaena rugulosa Sowerby, 1834, diving 20 m on Spondylus
Parapholas oalva (Sowerby, 1834), 35 m in large sandstone
Pandora (Pandora) unci f era Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932, 35-50 m in coarse sand
P. (Pandorella) granulata Dali, 1915, 35 m in gravel
P. (P. ) radiata Sowerby, 1835, 100 m on empty shells
Entodesma (Entodesma) inflation (Conrad, 1837), 20-35 m in silt
E. (Agriodesma) sechuranum Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935, 20 m in silt
Periploma (Periploma) carpenteri Dali, 1896, 100 m in silt
Asthenothaerus villosier Carpenter, 1864, 35 m in silt
Cyathodonta dubiosa Dali, 1915, 100 m on empty shells
C. undulata Conrad, 1849, 35-100 m on gravel and empty shells
Cuspidaria panamensis Dali, 1908, 100 m on empty shells
Cardiomya costata (Sowerby, 1834), 35 m in sand and gravel
C. lanieri (Strong 6 Hertlein, 1937), 110 m in silt
Plectodon scaber Carpenter, 1864, 80-100 m on empty shells
Verticordia ( Ibrticordia) omata (Orbigny, 1846), 35 m in gravel

GASTROPODA

1A Haliotis walallensis Stearns, 1899, 100 m on empty shells (1 broken specimen)
5 Sinezona rimuloides Carpenter, 1865, 35 m on small rocks
9 Hemitoma (Montfortia) hermosa Lowe, 1939, 10-75 m on small rocks
13 Pimula mexicana Berry, 1969, 35 m on small rocks

15 Diodora alta (C.B. Adams, 1852), 35 m on rocks

16 U digueti (Mabille, 1895), 35 m on rocks

18 D. inaequalis (Sowerby, 1835), intertidal under rock

22 D. pusilla (Berry, 1959), 35 m on rocks

23 D. satumalis (Carpenter, 1864;, 35 m on rocks

25* Lucapinella callomarginata (Dali, 1871), intertidal under rock

27 L. eleanore McLean, 1967, 20-35 m on small rocks

28 L. milleri Berry, 1959, 35 m on rocks

Vol . XX ( 6): 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 55

29* Stromboli beebei (Hertlein & Strong, 1951), 100 m on empty shells
37* Pissurella (Cremides) microtrema Sowerby, 1835, intertidal under rock
38* I. (C.) nigrocincta Carpenter, 1856, 20 m on rocks
40 E (C.) rubropicta Pilsbry, 1890, 35 m on small rocks
43* Leurolepas roseola McLean, 1970, 35 m on rocks

45 Collisella acutapex (Berry, 1960), 20 m on rocks

46 C. atrata (Carpenter, 1857), intertidal on rock

51 C. stanfordiana (Berry, 1957), intertidal on rock

52 C. strigatella (Carpenter, 1864), intertidal on rock

53 C. strongiana (Hertlein, 1958), 20 m on rocks

54 C. turveri (Hertlein 6 Strong, 1951), intertidal on rock
54a C. turveri fayae (Hertlein, 1958), intertidal on rock

56* Notoacmaea fascicularis (Menke, 1851), intertidal on Padina
58A N. ubiquita Lindberg 6 McLean, 1981, intertidal on Padina
59 Patelloida semirubida (Dali, 1914), intertidal; 35 m on rock

73 Solariella triplostephanus Dali, 1910, 20-35 m on small rocks

74 Turcica admirabilis Berry, 1969, 100 m on empty shells

77 Calliostoma bonita Strong, Hanna 6 Hertlein, 1933, 100 m on empty shell

78 C. eximium (Reeve, 1843), 20-35 m on small rocks

85 C. marshalli Lowe, 1935, 35 m on small rocks

86 C. mcleani Shasky 6 Campbell, 1964, intertidal; 20-90 m on small rocks and empty shells
88 C. palmeri Dali, 1871, 35 m on small rocks

94 Tegula (Chlorostoma) rugosa (A. Adams, 1853), intertidal on rock
97 T. (Agathi stoma) corteziana McLean, 1970, intertidal among rocks
103 T. (A) mariamadre Pilsbry 6 Lowe, 1932, 100 m on empty shells
105 T. (A.) mariana Dali, 1919, intertidal; dr 20 m on small rocks

109 T. (A.) rubroflammulata (Koch in Philippi, 1843), 35 m on small rocks

122 Parviturbo concepcionensis (Lowe, 1935), 35 m on small rocks
124 P. steamsii (Dali, 1918), 20-35 m on small rocks

134 Arene (Marevalvata) balboai (Strong & Hertlein, 1939), 20-35 m on small rocks

135 A. (Otollonia) fricki (Crosse, 1865), 20-35 m on small rocks

141 Homalopoma (Panocochlea) clippertonensis (Hertlein & Emerson, 1953), 100 m on empty shells

144 Turbo (Callopoma) fluctuosus Wood, 1828, intertidal

149 T. (M armor o stoma) squamiger Reeve, 1843, 20 m among small rocks

157 Astraea (Uvanilla) unguis (Wood, 1828), intertidal among rocks

158 Tricolia cyclostoma (Carpenter, 1864), 20 m among small rocks
159* T. diantha McLean, 1970, 35 m on rocks

164 T. variegata (Carpenter, 1864), intertidal; dr 35 m among small rocks
166 Nerita (Theliostyla) funiculata Menke, 1851, intertidal among rocks

168 Theodoxus ( Vlttoclithon) luteofasciatus (Miller, 1879)[Keen & Coan, 1975] intertidal on mangrove roots

169 Phenacolepas malonei Vanatta, 1912, 20-100 m on small rocks

170 P. osculans (C.B. Adams, 1852), intertidal under rocks

180 Littorina albicarinata McLean, 1970, in tide pool

181 L. aspera Philippi, 1846, 35 m on small rocks

183 L. modesta Philippi, 1846, on rocks in splash zone

186* L. pullata Carpenter, 1864, intertidal on rocks

194* Lirobarleeia clarionensis (Bartsch, 1911) [Draper, 1986] 35 m on gravel

203 Alvania inconspicua (C.B. Adams, 1852) [Ponder, 1985] 35 m on rocks

209* Lirobarleeia perlata (Morch, 1860), intertidal under rocks

219* Amphithalamus trosti Strong 6 Hertlein, 1939, 35 m on rocks

240* Riasoina { Pissoina) alarconi Hertlein & Strong, 1951, 35 m on coarse gravel

255* R (R) fortis (C.B. Adams, 1852), intertidal under rocks

273 R (R) woodwardi Carpenter, 1857, 35 m on gravel

275* R ( Polinia) ericana Hertlein 6 Strong, 1951, 35 m on gravel

276* lolinia insignis De Folin, 1867 [= Pissoina ( Polinia ) signae Bartsch, 1915] [Ponder, 1985] 35 m on rocks

277* Acirsa menesthoides Carpenter, 1864 [= Pissoina berryi Baker, Hanna 6 Strong, 1930] [DuShane, 1974 placed

#667 in Epitoniidae] 35 m on gravel

279* Lirobarleeia lirata (Carpenter, 1857) [Draper, 1986' placed at 204A] 35 m on gravel
290* Vitrinella ( Vitrinellops ) campylochila Pilsbry 6 Olsson, 1952, 100 m on empty shells
305 Aorotrema humboldti (Hertlein 6 Strong, 1951), 35 m on gravel
310 Cyclostremiscus (Cyclostremiscus) baldridgae (Bartsch, 1911), 35 m on gravel
bifrontia (Carpenter, 1857), 35 m on gravel
coronatus (Carpenter, 1857), 35 m on gravel
gallo Pilsbry 6 Olsson, 1945, 35 m on gravel
gordanus (Hertlein & Strong, 1951), 10-100 m
lowei (Baker, Hanna & Strong, 1938), 35 m on gravel
nodosus (Carpenter, 1857), 35 m on small rocks
nummus Pilsbry & Olsson, 1952, 35 m on small rocks
spiceri (Baker, Hanna & Strong, 1938), 20 m among small rocks
spiritualis (Baker, Hanna 6 Strong, 1938), 20 m among small rocks
tricarinatus (C.B. Adams, 1852), 35 m on coarse gravel

311*

C.

(C.)

313*

C.

(C.)

317*

C.

(C.)

320

C.

(C.)

323*

C.

(C.)

326*

C.

(C.)

327*

C.

(C.)

337

C.

(C.)

338*

C.

(C.)

341*

C.

(C.)

342

C.

(C.)

343*

C.

(C.)

344*

c.

(C.)

347*

c.

(Mire

Page 56

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(6) : 1988

350

352

357*

360*

362*

368*

370*

371*

375*

376*

377*

383*

387*

389

393*

395*

402*

403*

415*

425

426
427a
428
429a
430

437

438
441*
442*

445

446
449
451*
465*
467

472

473
475*

490

491

492
/.q/.
495*
497*

499

500
503
505*
506
507*
510

515

516

517
522*
530*
538*
542
543*
555*
557
557A
562
572*
573
575
577
587
597A
601
602
603

607

608

Discop8ie (Alleorus) deprellus (Strong, 1938), 35 m among small rocks
Epiacynia medialis Keen, 1971, 35 m among small rocks

Lydiphnis ( Cymatopteryx ) strongi Pilsbry & Olsson, 1952, 35 m among small rocks
Parviturboides decussatus (Carpenter, 1857), 35 m on rocks
P. monile (Carpenter, 1857), 35 m on rocks

Solariorbie ( Solariorbis ) concinnus (C.B. Adams, 1852), 35 m on rocks

S. (S.) hambaahi (Strong & Hertlein, 1939), 35 m on rocks

S. (S.) hannai (Strong & Hertlein, 1939), 35 m on rocks

S. (S.) minutus (C.B. Adams, 1852), 35 m on rocks

S. (S.) narinensis Pilsbry & Olsson, 1952, 35 m on rocks

S. )S.) pyrioallosus (Carpenter, 1857), 35 m on rocks

S. (Hapalorbis) ditropis Pilsbry & Olsson, 1952, 35 m on rocks

S. (H.) seminudue (C.B. Adams, 1852), 35 m on rocks

S . (Systellomphalus) elegans Pilsbry & Olsson, 1952, 35 m on rocks
Teinostoma (Teinostoma) politum A. Adams, 1851, intertidal under rock

T. (Esmeralda) concavaxis Pilsbry 6 Olsson, 1945, 35 m on rocks

T. (Pseudorotella) ocuadorianum Pilsbry 6 Olsson, 1941, 35 m on rocks
T. (P.) herbertianum Hertlein & Strong, 1951, 35 m on rocks

T. (P.) hemphilli Strong & Hertlein, 1939, 35 m on rocks

Arohiteotonioa (Architectonica) nobilis Roding, 1798, 35-100 m on small rocks and empty shells

A. ( Dlscotectonica) plaoentalis (Hinds, 1844), 100 m on empty shells

Helvacus architae panamensis Bartsch, 1918 [Robertson, 1975] , 35 m on gravel

H. bicanaliculatus (Valenciennes, 1832), intertidal among anemones

H. oaelatus planispira Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932 [Robertson, 1975] 35 m on small rocks

H. mazatlaniaus Pilsbry 6 Olsson, 1932, 35 m on small rocks

Turritella clarionensis Hertlein 6 Strong, 1951, 100 m among empty shells

T. gonostoma Valenciennes, 1832, spawning in upper estero

T. mariana Dali, 1908, 35-40 m on coarse gravel

Ti. nodulo8a King & Broderip, 1832, 35 m on sand and small rocks

T. rubescens Reeve, 1849, 35 m on sand and small rocks

T. willetti McLean, 1970, 20-30 m on small rocks

Vermicular-la pellucida ebumea (Reeve, 1842), intertidal on rock, dr 30 m on rock
Caecum bahiahondaense Strong 6 Hertlein, 1939, 35 m on rocks
C. quadratum Carpenter, 1857, 35 m on rocks
C. eemilaeve Carpenter, 1857, 35 m on rocks

Elephantanellum heptagonum (Carpenter, 1857), 35 m on small rocks
E. liratocinctum (Carpenter, 1857), 35 m on small rocks
E. eubob8oletum (Carpenter, 1857), 35 m on small rocks
Modulus catenulatus (Philippi, 1849), intertidal in mud around mangroves
M. cerodes (A. Adams, 1851), intertidal around rocks; dr 20-35 m on gravel
M. disculu8 (Philippi, 1846), 35 m on gravel

I termetes (Thylaeodus) indentatus (Carpenter, 1857), 35 ra on rock
Petaloconchus ( Macrophragma ) ‘complicatus Dali, 1908, 35 m on rock
P. (M . ) innumerabilis Pilsbry 6 Olsson, 1935, 35 ra on rock
Tripeycha (Tripsycha) tripsycha (Pilsbry 6 Lowe, 1932), 40 m on gravel
T. (Eualetes) aentiquadra (Valenciennes, 1846), 100 m on empty shells
Serpulorbis margaritaceus (Chenu, 1844 ex Rousseau, MS), 35 m on rock
Dendropoma lituella (Morch, 1861), 50 m on gravel
Cerithium (Ochetoclava) germatum Hinds, 1844, 25 m on coarse gravel
C. (Thericium) adustum Kiener, 1841, intertidal among rocks
C. (T.) maculosum Kiener, 1841, intertidal among rocks
C. (T.) stercusmuscarum Valenciennes, 1833, intertidal among rocks
C. uncinatum (Gmelin, 1791) 40 m on gravel
Liocerithium judithae Keen, 1971, intertidal around rocks
Cerithiopsis bristolae Baker, Hanna 6 Strong, 1938, 35 m on small rocks
C. guatulcoensis Hertlein 6 Strong, 1951, 35 m on small rocks
C. perrini Hertlein 6 Strong, 1951, 35 m on small rocks
C. subgloriosa Baker, Hanna & Strong, 1938, 40 m among rocks
C. tuberculoides Carpenter, 1857, 35 m on small rocks
Metaxis convexa (Carpenter, 1857), 40 m on coarse gravel
Seila aeaimilata (C.B. Adams, 1852), 35 m on rocks

S. montereyensis Bartsch, 1907, 35 m on rocks
Alaba supralirata Carpenter, 1857, 35 m among rocks
Triphora altemata C.B. Adams, 1852, 35 m among rocks

T. chamberlini Baker, 1926, 35 m among rocks
T. contrerasi Baker, 1926, 35 m among rocks
T\. dalli Bartsch, 1907, 35 m among rocks

T. oweni Baker, 1926, 40 m on coarse gravel
T. bicolor Bartsch, 1907, 40 m on coarse gravel

Cerithidea albonodosa Gould & Carpenter, 1857, head of estero around rocks
C. mazatlanica Carpenter, 1857, upper estero around rocks
C. montagnei (Orbigny, 1839), upper estero on mangrove roots
Strombus (Strombus) graailior Sowerby, 1825, 20-30 m on silt and sand
S. (Lentigo) granulatus Swainson, 1822, 20-30 m on silt and sand

Vol . XX(6) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 57

611

613

616

617

620

623

625

629

631

633

634

636

637
652*
653*
655
661
668*

670

671

672
676*
678
680
681
684*
686
702
707*
721
728
740
747
749*

752

753

766

767
776
788*
796*
797
799
806

807

808

809

810
811
814
817
820
822
823*

825

826

827

828
832
835
837
861
864*
866*
870
871*
873
882
893
895
905
907

909

910
912

Epitonium (Asperiscala) acapulcanum Dali, 1917, 35 m on small rocks

E. (A.) aanna Dali, 1919, intertidal under rocks

E. (A.) emydonesus Dali, 1917, intertidal under rocks

E. (A.) eutaenium (Dali, 1917) 35 m on small rocks

E. (A.) huffmani DuShane & McLean, 1968, intertidal on rocks

E. (A.) lowei (Dali, 1906), 100 m on empty shells

E. (A.) minuticosta (De Boury, 1912), 35 m on small rocks

E. (A.) tinctorium Dali, 1919, intertidal under rock

E. (A.) walkeriaman Hertlein & Strong, 1951, 100 m on empty shells

E. (Cirsotrema) togatum Hertlein 6 Strong, 1951, 50-100 m on small rocks and empty shells
E. (C.) vulpinum (Hinds, 1844), 35-100 m

E. (Hirtoscala) reflexum (Carpenter, 1856), intertidal under rock

E. (H.) replication (Sowerby, 1844), 35 m on gravel

E. (Nitidiscala) hindsii (Carpenter, 1856), 35 m on gravel

E. (Asperiecala) obtusum (Sowerby, 1844) [DuShane, 1974] intertidal on reef

E. (Nitidiscala) politian (Sowerby, 1844), 100 m on empty shells

E. (N.) willetti Strong 6 Hertlein, 1937, 100 m on empty shells

Acirsa murrha (DuShane, 1970), 100 m on empty shells

Amaea (Scalina) brunneopicta (Dali, 1908), 20-35 m on coarse gravel

A. (S.) deroyae DuShane, 1970, 80-100 m on silt and empty shells

A. (S.) ferminiana (Dali, 1908), 100 m on empty shells

Opalia ( Lentiscala) exopleura (Dali, 1917) [DuShane, 1974] intertidal on reef
0. ( D. ) crenatoides (Carpenter, 1864), intertidal on reef
0. (R) funiculata (Carpenter, 1857), intertidal on reef

0. (Nodiscala) infrequens (C.B. Adams, 1852) [= 0. (N.) bullata Carpenter, 1864] [DuShane, 1974] intertidal
0. ( Lentiscala) mexicana Dali, 1908 [DuShane, 1974] intertidal on reef on reet

O. (Nodiscala) spongiosa Carpenter, 1864, 20-40 m on coarse gravel
Eulima lapazana (Bartsch, 1917), 35 m among small rocks

E. toioneendi (Bartsch, 1917), 20-30 m among rocks
Balcis gibba De Folin, 1867, 40 m on small rocks

B. mexicana (Bartsch, 1917), 35 m among small rocks

B. yod (Carpenter, 1857), 35 m among small rocks

Niso (Niso) baueri Emerson, 1965, 35 m among small rocks

Eulimostraca hipolitensis (Bartsch, ' 1917) [Hertz & Hertz, 1982] 35 m among small rocks

Niso (Niso) splendidula (Sowerby, 1834), 35 m on coarse gravel and small rocks

N. (Neovolusia) excolpa Bartsch, 1917, 20-100 m among small rocks

Hipponix panamensis C.B. Adams, 1852, intertidal on rocks; dr 35 m on small rocks

H. pilosus (Deshayes, 1832), intertidal on rocks

Possarus lucanus Dali, 1919, 30 m among rocks

M acromphalina hancocki (Strong & Hertlein, 1939), 20 m on coarse gravel

M. symmetrica (Pilsbry & Olsson, 1945), 30 m on coarse gravel

kmikoro aperta (Carpenter, 1864), intertidal under rocks; 20 m on coarse gravel
Calyptraea (Calyptraea) conica Broderip, 1834, 35 m on rocks and shells
Cheilea cepacea (Broderip, 1834), 35 m on rocks

C. corrugata (Broderip, 1834), 20 m on small rocks
Crepidula aculeata (Gmelin, 1791), 35 m on small rocks
C. arenata (Broderip, 1834), 20 m on coarse gravel

C. excavata (Broderip, 1834), 35 m on rocks

C. incurva (Broderip, 1834), intertidal under rocks

C. onyx Sowerby, 1824, intertidal under rocks

C. striolata Menke, 1851, 35 m in apertures of empty shells

Crepipatella lingulata (Gould, 1846) [Keen & Coan, 1975] intertidal on Padina

Crucibulum (Crucibulum) lignarium (Broderip, 1834), intertidal; dr 10-100 m on Turritella

C. (C.) monticulus Berry, 1969, 100 m on small rocks

C. (C.) scutellatum (Wood, 1828), 35 m on rocks

C. (C.) spinosum (Sowerby, 1824), 20-35 m on rocks and shells

C. (C.) umbrella (Deshayes, 1830), intertidal under rock; 20-50 m on rocks

C. ( Dispctaea) concameratum Reeve, 1859, 20-35 m on rocks

Capulus sericeus J.& R. Burch, 1961, 50-100 m on pectens

Thyca (Bessomia) callista (Berry, 1959), diving 10 m on Phatariea unifasciata
X enophora robusta Verrill, 1870, 30-50 m on rocks and gravel

Natica (Naticarius) cherrmitzii (Pfeiffer, 1840) [Marincovich, 1977] intertidal in estero

N. (Glyphepithema) idiopoma (Pilsbry 6 Lowe, 1932) [ibid] 35 m on sand and silt

N. (N.) scethra (Dali, 1908) [ibid] 35-100 m on small rocks and empty shells

N. (Stigmaulax) broderipiana Recluz, 1844, 20 m in sand

N. (S.) elenae Recluz, 1844, 30-90 m in sand

Polinices (Polinices) bifasciatus (Griffith 6 Pidgeon, 1834), intertidal in estero; dr 35 m in' silt

P. (P. ) uber (Valenciennes, 1832), 20-35 m on sand and silt
Simon sanctij ohannis (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932), 100 m in silt
Lamellaria inflata (C.B. Adams, 1852), intertidal on sponges; dr 35 m
Trivia (Pusula) calif omiana (Gray, 1827) 35 m

T. (P.) myrae Campbell, 1961, 20-35 m

T. (P.) sanguinea (Sowerby, 1832, ex Gray MS), 35 m

T. (P.) solandri (Sowerby, 1832 , ex Gray MS), intertidal; dr 35 m

Hespererato columbella (Menke, 1847) [Cate, 1977] 20-100 m

Page 58

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(6): 1988

919 Cypraea (Erosaria) albuginosa Gray, 1825, intertidal under rocks; dr 35 m

922 C. (Lurid) isabellamexicana Stearns, 1893, intertidal under rock

925 C. (Macrocypraea) cervinetta Keiner, 1843, intertidal among rocks in estero

927 C. (Pseudozortaria) arabicula (Lamarck, 1811), intertidal under rocks

929 C. (P.) robertsi (Hidalgo, 1906), 100 m

933 C. (Zonaria) annettae Dali, 1909, intertidal under rocks; dr 24-40 m

935 Cyphoma emarginatum (Sowerby, 1830), 50-80 m on gorgonians

936 Sitmia aequalis (Sowerby, 1832), intertidal on gorgonians; dr 60-100 m on gorgonians

937 S. avena (Sowerby, 1832), 40 m on gorgonian

939 S. rufa (Sowerby, 1832), intertidal on gorgonian

940 Jenneria pustulata (Lightfoot, 1786), intertidal on rocks; dr 20-40 m

947 Cassis (Levenia) eoaretata Sowerby, 1825, in tide pool; dr 35 m on rocks

948 C. (Semicassis) centiquadrata (Valenciennes, 1832), intertidal in sand

950 Morum (Morum) tuberculosum (Reeve, 1842, ex Sowerby, MS)[Hughes & Emerson, 1987 placed in Harpidae] in tide pools

952 Ficus ventricosa (Sowerby, 1825), 100 m on empty shells

954 Cymatium (Monoplex) amictoideum (Keen, 1971) [Beu, 1985] 80-100 m on empty shells

956* C. (M . ) parthenopeum keenae (Beu, 1970), 100 m on empty shells

957 C. (Turritriton) lignarium (Broderip, 1833) [Beu, 1985] 100 m on empty shells

961 C. (T.) gibbosum (Broderip, 1833), intertidal among rocks; dr 35-100 m on rocks

962 Distorsio ( Distorsio) constricta (Broderip, 1833) [Beu, 1985] 20-100 m on rocks and empty shells

966 Bufonia (Marsupina) nana (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829) [ibid] 100 m on empty shells

967 Cx-ossata califomica sonorana (Berry, I960)' [ibid] r00 m on empty shells

969 Colubraria (Colubraria) lucasensis Strong & Hertlein, 1937, 100 m on empty shells

972 C. (C.) siphonata (Reeve, 1844), 2G-35 m on rock and gravel

974 C. ( ?Tritonoharpa) xavieri Campbell, 1961, 130 m (1 empty specimen)

975 Murex (Murex) elenensis Dali, 1909, 35 m on sand and rocks

978* M. (M . ) tricoronis (Berry, 1960) [D'Attilio 6 Hertz, 1979] 35 m on sand and gravel

979 Phyllonotus brassica (Lamarck, 1822) [Radwin 6 D'Attilio, 1976] 100 m on empty shells

980 P. erythrostomus (Swainson, 1831) [ibid] 100 m on empty shells

985* Favartia ( Murexiella ) diomedaea (Dali, 1908) [Ponder, 1972] 100 m on empty shells
988 F. (Murexiella) humilis (Broderip, 1833) [ibid ] 35 m on small rocks

990* F: (M . ) lappa (Broderip, 1833) [ibid] 20 m on coarse gravel

991A F. (M . ) mildredae (Poorman, 1980) [ibid] 100 m on empty shells

993 F. (M.)perita (Hinds, 1844) [ibid] 35 m on sand and small rocks

1001 Hexaplex (Muricanthus) radix (Gmelin, 1791) [Vokes, 1982] 35 m on sand and small rocks

1002* H. ((4.) princeps (Broderip, 1833) f ibid] in sand among rocks at mouth of estero
1004 Muricopsis armatus (A. Adams, 1854), 20-35 m on coarse gravel
1007 M. zeteki Hertlein & Strong, 1951, diving among rocks

1008A Poiriera (Paziella) advenus (Poorman, 1980) [Vokes, 1984] 100 m on empty shells

1011 Purpurellus pinniger (Broderip, 1833) [Radwin 6 D'Attilio, 1976] on rock; dr 20-80 m among small rocks
1013* Aspella (Aspella) pyramidalis (Broderip, 1833), intertidal under rock
1013A* A. (A.) pollux Radwin & D'Attilio, 1976, 90 m among empty shells

1019 Dermomurex (Trialatella) cunninghamae (Berry, 1964). 20-35 m on coarse gravel and rocks

1020 Bizetiella carmen (Lowe, 1935) [Radwin 6 D'Attilio, 1976] 25-35 m on coarse gravel

1021 Attiliosa nodulosa (A. Adams, 1855) [= Coralliophila incompta Berry, 1960] [ibid]

intertidal; dr 20 m on gravel

1022* Pascula rufonotata (Carpenter, 1864), 30 m on gravel
1024a Eupleura triquetra (Reeve, 1844), intertidal in estero

1029A Pygmaepterys poormani (Radwin & D'Attilio, 1976) [D'Attilio & Myers, 1985] 35-50 m on small rocks
with gorgonians

1030 Phyllocoma scalari' formic (Broderip, 1833), intertidal on rock

1036 Pteropurpura (Pteropurpura) erinaceoides (Valenciennes, 1832), intertidal on rocks: dr 35-80 m on rocks

1037 P. (P. ) centrifuga (Hinds, 1844), 90-100 m on empty shells

1040 Vitularia salebrosa (King & Broderip, 1832), intertidal on gorgonians
1041* Acanthotrophon carduus (Broderip, 1833), 20-100 m on gravel and empty shells
1043* A. sorenseni (Hertlein & Strong, 1951), 100 m on empty shells

1044* Austrotrophon cerrosensis (Dali, 1891) [Abbott 6 Dance, 1982] 100 m on empty shells
1049 Typhis (Talityphis) latipennis (Dali, 1919), 80 m on silt

1051 T. (Typhisopsis) coronatus (Broderip, 1833), 30-100 m on silt and empty shells

1052 T. (Typhisala) grandis (A. Adams, 1855), 35-100 m on silt and empty shells

1058 Tripterotyphis lowei (Pilsbry, 1931) [D'Attilio & Hertz, 1984] intertidal under rocks, dr 20-35 m
on gravel

1060 Coralliophila (Coralliophila) macleani (Shasky, 1970), intertidal on gorgonians
1065* C. (Pseudomurex) orcuttiana Dali, 1919, 35-80 m on coarse gravel

1066 C. (P.) parva (E.A. Smith, 1877), intertidal among anemones; dr 50 m among small rocks

1068 Babelomurex hindsii (Carpenter, 1857) [D'Attilio 6 Myers, 1984] 20-100 m among rocks and empty shells

1082 Acanthina angelica I. Oldroyd, 1918, intertidal on rocks

1088* Purpura pansa Gould, 1853, on rocks in splash zone

1093 Trachypollia lugubris (C.B. Adams, 1852) 20-40 m among small rocks

1096 Neorapana tuberculata (Sowerby, 1835), intertidal among rocks

1099 Caducifer (Monostiolum) biliratus (Reeve, 1846), 35-110 m on small rocks and empty shells

1101* C. (M . ) crebristriatus (Carpenter, 1856), 40-100 m among small rocks and empty shells
1102* C. (M . ) nigrocostatus (Reeve, 1846), 100 m on empty shells

1104 Cantharus (Muricantharus) panamicus (Hertlein 6 Strong, 1951) [Keen & Coan, 1975] 100 m on empty shells
1106 C. shaskyi Berry, 1959, 100 m on empty shells

1115 C. (Gemophos) sanguinolentus (Duclos, 1833), intertidal among rocks
1121 Solenosteira macrospira Berry, 1957, 35 m among small rocks

1124 Engina solida Dali, 1917, 20-35 m on rocks and gravel

1125 E. jugosa (C.B. Adams, 1852), 20-35 m on rocks and gravel

Vol . XX(6): 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 57

611

613

616

617

620

623

625

629

631

633

634

636

637
652*
653*
655
661
668*

670

671

672
676*
678
680
681
684*
686
702
707*
721
728
740
747
749*

752

753

766

767
776
788*
796*
797
799
806

807

808

809

810
811
814
817
820
822
823*

825

826

827

828
832
835
837
861
864*
866*
870
871*
873
882
893
895
905
907

909

910
912

Epitonium (Asperiscala) aoapulaanum Dali, 1917, 35 m on small rocks

E. (A.) canna Dali, 1919, intertidal under rocks

E. (A.) emydone8U8 Dali, 1917, intertidal under rocks

E. (A.) eutaenium (Dali, 1917) 35 m on small rocks

E. (A.) huffmani DuShane & McLean, 1968, intertidal on rocks

E. (A.) lowei (Dali, 1906), 100 m on empty shells

E. (A.) minuticosta (De Boury, 1912), 35 m on small rocks

E. (A.) tinctoriion Dali, 1919, intertidal under rock

E. (A.) walkerianum Hertlein & Strong, 1951, 100 m on empty shells

E. (Cirsotrema) togatum Hertlein 6 Strong, 1951, 50-100 m on small rocks and empty shells
E. (C.) vulpinum (Hinds, 1844), 35-100 m

E. (Hirtosoala) reflexion (Carpenter, 1856), intertidal under rock

E. (H.) replication (Sowerby, 1844), 35 ra on gravel

E. (Nitidiscala) hindsii (Carpenter, 1856), 35 m on gravel

E. ( Asperiscala ) obtusion (Sowerby, 1844) [DuShane, 1974] intertidal on reef

E. (Nitidiscala) politum (Sowerby, 1844), 100 m on empty shells

E. (N.) willetti Strong 6 Hertlein, 1937, 100 m on empty shells

Acirsa murrha (DuShane, 1970), 100 m on empty shells

Amaea (Scalina) brunneopicta (Dali, 1908), 20-35 m on coarse gravel

A. (S.) deroyae DuShane, 1970, 80-100 m on silt and empty shells

A. (S.) ferminiana (Dali, 1908), 100 m on empty shells

Opalia ( Uentiscala) exopleura (Dali, 1917) [DuShane, 1974] intertidal on reef
0. ( D. ) crenatoides (Carpenter, 1864), intertidal on reef
0. ( R) funiculata (Carpenter, 1857), intertidal on reef

0. (Nodiscala) infrequene (C.B. Adams, 1852) [= 0. (N.) bullata Carpenter, 1864] [DuShane, 1974] intertidal
0. ( Eentiscala) mexicana Dali, 1908 [DuShane, 1974] intertidal on reef on teet

O. (Nodiscala) spongiosa Carpenter, 1864, 20-40 m on coarse gravel
Eulima lapazana (Bartsch, 1917), 35 m among small rocks

E. tounsendi (Bartsch, 1917), 20-30 m among rocks
Balds gibba De Folin, 1867, 40 m on small rocks

B. mexicana (Bartsch, 1917), 35 m among small rocks

B. yod (Carpenter, 1857), 35 m among small rocks

Niso (Niso) baueri Emerson, 1965, 35 m among small rocks

Eulimostraca hipolitensis (Bartsch,' 1917) [Hertz 6 Hertz, 1982] 35 m among small rocks

Niso (Niso) splendidula (Sowerby, 1834), 35 m on coarse gravel and small rocks

N. (Neovolusia) excolpa Bartsch, 1917, 20-100 m among small rocks

Hipponix panamensis C.B. Adams, 1852, intertidal on rocks; dr 35 m on small rocks

H. pilosus (Deshayes, 1832), intertidal on rocks

Possarus lucanus Dali, 1919, 30 m among rocks

M acromphalina hancocki (Strong 6 Hertlein, 1939), 20 m on coarse gravel

M . symmetrica (Pilsbry & Olsson, 1945), 30 ra on coarse gravel

lanikoro aperta (Carpenter, 1864), intertidal under rocks; 20 m on coarse gravel
Calyptraea (Calyptraea) conica Broderip, 1834, 35 m on rocks and shells
Cheilea cepacea (Broderip, 1834), 35 m on rocks

C. corrugata (Broderip, 1834), 20 m on small rocks
Crepidula aculeata (Gmelin, 1791), 35 m on small rocks
C. arenata (Broderip, 1834), 20 m on coarse gravel

C. excavata (Broderip, 1834), 35 m on rocks

C. incurva (Broderip, 1834), intertidal under rocks

C. onyx Sowerby, 1824, intertidal under rocks

C. striolata Menke, 1851, 35 m in apertures of empty shells

Crepipatella lingulata (Gould, 1846) [Keen & Coan, 1975] intertidal on Padina

Crucibulum (Crucibulum) lignarium (Broderip, 1834), intertidal; dr 10-100 m on Turritella

C. (C.) montiaulus Berry, 1969, 100 m on small rocks

C. (C.) scutellatum (Wood, 1828), 35 m on rocks

C. (C. ) spinosum (Sowerby, 1824), 20-35 m on rocks and shells

C. (C.) umbrella (Deshayes, 1830), intertidal under rock; 20-50 m on rocks

C. ( Dispctaea) concameratum Reeve, 1859, 20-35 m on rocks

Capulus sericeus J.& R. Burch, 1961, 50-100 m on pectens

Thyca (Bessomia) callista (Berry, 1959), diving 10 m on Phatariea unifasciata
X enophora robusta Verrill, 1870, 30-50 m on rocks and gravel

Natica (Naticarius) chemnitzii (Pfeiffer, 1840) [Marincovich, 1977] intertidal in estero

N. (Glyphepithema) idiopoma (Pilsbry 6 Lowe, 1932) [ibid] 35 m on sand and silt

N. (N.) scethra (Dali, 1908) [ibid] 35-100 m on small rocks and empty shells

N. (Stigmaulax) broderipiana Re'cluz, 1844, 20 m in sand

N. (S.) elenae Recluz, 1844, 30-90 m in sand

Polinices (Polinices) bifasciatus (Griffith 6. Pidgeon, 1834), intertidal in estero; dr 35 m in' silt

P. (P. ) uber (Valenciennes, 1832), 20-35 m on sand and silt
Sinum sanctijohannis (Pilsbry 6 Lowe, 1932), 100 m in silt
Lamellaria inflata (C.B. Adams, 1852), intertidal on sponges; dr 35 m
Trivia (Pusula) calif oimiana (Gray, 1827) 35 m

T. (P.) myrae Campbell, 1961, 20-35 m

T. (P.) sanguinea (Sowerby, 1832, ex Gray MS), 35 m

T. (P.) solandri (Sowerby, 1832 , ex Gray MS), intertidal; dr 35 m

Hespererato columbella (Menke, 1847) [Cate, 1977] 20-100 m

Page 58

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(6) : 1988

919 Cypraea ( Erosaria ) albuginosa Gray, 1825, intertidal under rocks; dr 35 m

922 C. (Luria) isabellamexicana Stearns, 1893, intertidal under rock

925 C. (Macrocypraea) oervinetta Reiner, 1843, intertidal among rocks in estero

927 C. (Pseudozonaria) arabicula (Lamarck, 1811), intertidal under rocks

929 C. (P.) robertsi (Hidalgo, 1906), 100 m

933 C. (Zonaria) annettae Dali, 1909, intertidal under rocks; dr 24-40 m

935 Cyphoma emarginatum (Sowerby, 1830), 50-80 m on gorgonians

936 Sirnnia aequalis (Sowerby, 1832), intertidal on gorgonians; dr 60-100 m on gorgonians

937 S. avena (Sowerby, 1832), 40 m on gorgonian

939 S. rufa (Sowerby, 1832), intertidal on gorgonian

940 Jermeria pustulata (Lightfoot, 1786), intertidal on rocks; dr 20-40 m

947 Cassia (Levenia) coarctata Sowerby, 1825, in tide pool; dr 35 m on rocks

948 C. (Semicassis) centiquadrata (Valenciennes, 1832), intertidal in sand

950 Morwn (Morum) tuberculosum (Reeve, 1842, ex Sowerby, MS)[Hughes 4 Emerson, 1987 placed in Harpidae] in tide pools

952 Ficus ventricosa (Sowerby, 1825), 100 m on empty shells

954 Cymatium (Monoplex) amictoideum (Keen, 1971) [Beu, 1985] 80-100 m on empty shells

956* C. (M . ) parthenopeum keenae (Beu, 1970), 100 m on empty shells

957 C. ( Turritriton ) lignarium (Broderip, 1833) [Beu, 1985] 100 m on empty shells

961 C. (T.) gibbosum (Broderip, 1833), intertidal among rocks; dr 35-100 m on rocks

962 Distorsio (Distorsio) constricta (Broderip, 1833) [Beu, 1985] 20-100 m on rocks and empty shells

966 Bufonia (Marsupina) nana (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829) [ibid] 100 m on empty shells

967 Crossata califomica sonorana (Berry, I960)' [ibid] xOO m on empty shells

969 Colubraria (Colubraria) lucasensis Strong & Hertlein, 1937, 100 m on empty shells

972 C. (C.) siphonata (Reeve, 1844), 2G-35 m on rock and gravel

974 C. (?Tritonoharpa) xavieri Campbell, 1961, 130 m (1 empty specimen)

975 Murex (Murex) elenensis Dali, 1909, 35 m on sand and rocks

978* M. (M . ) tricoronis (Berry, 1960) [D'Attilio 4 Hertz, 1979] 35 m on sand and gravel

979 Phyllonotus brassica (Lamarck, 1822) [Radwin & D'Attilio, 1976] 100 m on empty shells

980 P. erythrostomus (Swainson, 1831) [ibid] 100 m on empty shells

985* FOvavtia (Muvexiella) diomedaea (Dali, 1908) [Ponder, 1972] 100 m on empty shells
988 F. (Murexiella) humilis (Broderip, 1833) [ibid] 35 m on small rocks
990* F. (M . ) lappa (Broderip, 1833) [ibid] 20 m on coarse gravel
991A F. (M . ) mildredae (Poorman, 1980) [ibid] 100 m on empty shells
993 F (M.)perita (Hinds, 1844) [ibid] 35 m on sand and small rocks

1001 Hexaplex (Muricanthus ) radix (Gmelin, 1791) [Vokes, 1982] 35 m on sand and small rocks

1002* H. 04.) princeps (Broderip, 1833) [ibid] in sand among rocks at mouth of estero
1004 Muricopsis armatus (A. Adams, 1854), 20-35 m on coarse gravel
1007 M. zeteki Hertlein 4 Strong, 1951, diving among rocks

1008A Poiriera (Paziella) advenus (Poorman, 1980) [Vokes, 1984] 100 m on empty shells

1011 Purpurellus pinniger (Broderip, 1833) [Radwin 6 D'Attilio, 1976] on rock; dr 20-80 m among small rocks
1013* Aspella (Aspella) pyramidalis (Broderip, 1833), intertidal under rock
1013A* A. (A.) pollux Radwin & D'Attilio, 1976, 90 m among empty shells

1019 Dsxmomurex (Trialatella) cunninghamae (Berry, 1964). 20-35 m on coarse gravel and rocks

1020 Bizetiella carmen (Lowe, 1935) [Radwin 4 D'Attilio, 1976] 25-35 m on coarse gravel

1021 Attiliosa nodulosa (A. Adams, 1855) [= Coralliophila incompta Berry, 1960] [ibid]

intertidal; dr 20 m on gravel

1022* Pascula rufonotata (Carpenter, 1864), 30 m on gravel
1024a Rupleura triquetra (Reeve, 1844), intertidal in estero

1029A Pygmaepterys poormani (Radwin 4 D'Attilio, 1976) [D'Attilio 4 Myers, 1985] 35-50 m on small rocks
with gorgonians

1030 Phyllocoma scalari' formic (Broderip, 1833), intertidal on rock

1036 Pteropurpura (Pteropurpura) erinaceoides (Valenciennes, 1832), intertidal on rocks; dr 35-80 m on rocks

1037 P. (P.) centrifuga (Hinds, 1844), 90-100 m on empty shells

1040 vitularia salebrosa (King 4 Broderip, 1832), intertidal on gorgonians
1041* Acanthotrophon carduus (Broderip, 1833), 20-100 m on gravel and empty shells
1043* A. sorenseni (Hertlein 4 Strong, 1951), 100 m on empty shells

1044* Austrotrophon cerrosensis (Dali, 1891) [Abbott 4 Dance, 1982] 100 m on empty shells
1049 Typhis (Talityphis) latipennis (Dali, 1919), 80 m on silt

1051 T. (Typhisopsis) coronatus (Broderip, 1833), 30-100 m on silt and empty shells

1052 T. (Typhisala) grandis (A. Adams, 1855), 35-100 m on silt and empty shells

1058 Triptero typhis lowei (Pilsbry, 1931) [D'Attilio 4 Hertz, 1984] intertidal under rocks, dr 20-35 m

on gravel

1060 Coralliophila (Coralliophila) macleani (Shasky, 1970), intertidal on gorgonians
1065* C. (Pseudomurex) orcuttiana Dali, 1919, 35-80 m on coarse gravel

1066 C. (P. ) parva (E.A. Smith, 1877), intertidal among anemones; dr 50 m among small rocks

1068 Babelomurex hindsii (Carpenter, 1857) [D'Attilio 4 Myers, 1984] 20-100 m among rocks and empty shells

1082 Acanthina angelica I. Oldroyd, 1918, intertidal on rocks

1088* Purpura pansa Gould, 1853, on rocks in splash zone

1093 Trachypollia lugubris (C.B. Adams, 1852) 20-40 m among small rocks

1096 Neorapana tuberculata (Sowerby, 1835), intertidal among rocks

1099 Caducifer (Monostiolum) biliratus (Reeve, 1846), 35-110 m on small rocks and empty shells

1101* C. (M . ) crebristriatus (Carpenter, 1856), 40-100 m among small rocks and empty shells
1102* C. (M . ) nigrocostatus (Reeve, 1846), 100 m on empty shells

1104 Cantharus (Muricantharus) panamicus (Hertlein 4 Strong, 1951) [Keen 4 Coan, 1975] 100 m on empty shells
1106 C. shaskyi Berry, 1959, 100 m on empty shells

1115 C. (Gemophos) sanguinolentus (Duclos, 1833), intertidal among rocks
1121 Solenosteira macrospira Berry, 1957, 35 m among small rocks

1124 Engina solida Dali, 1917, 20-35 m on rocks and gravel

1125 E. jugosa (C.B. Adams, 1852), 20-35 m on rocks and gravel

Vol . XX(6): 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 59

1138

1142*

1144

1153

1155*

1156*

1162

11634

1164

1175

1178

1195

1196

1197
1199
1209
1213
1221*
1222
1232*
1235
1238
1242
1247

1252

1253

1254
1261
1265
1270
1273
1277
1280
1291

1292*

1293

1295

1302

1304

1306

1308*

1309

1312*

1313

1318

1319
1321
1329*
1331
1340
1340A
1342
1344
1346
1349
1350A
1351*
1353
1357*

1363

1364

1365
1370
1377
1383
1387
1397
1408
1414*
1417
1419*
1420*
1421
1423
1426

1428

1429

1430
1435

Phos (Antillophos ) veraguensis Hinds, 1843, 35-70 m on silt and gravel
P. (Cymatophos) gaudens Hinds, 1844, 20 m on coarse gravel
P. (Metaphos) articulatus Hinds, 1844, 80 m on gravel

Columbella aureomexicana (Howard, 1963), intertidal around rocks; dr 40 m on small rocks
C. fuacata Sowerby, 1832, intertidal around rocks
C. haemaetoma Sowerby, 1832, 20-35 m among rocks

C. strombiformis Lamarck, 1822, intertidal around rocks
Aesopus chrystaloides Carpenter, 1886, 100 m on empty shells
A. ( Ithiaesopus ) arestus Dali, 1919, intertidal under rocks

Anachis (Costoanachis) coronatus (Sowerby, 1832), intertidal under rocks; dr 35 m on rocks and gravel

A. (?C.) fayae Keen, 1971, intertidal on Padina

A (C.) varia (Sowerby, 1832), intertidal under rocks

A. (C.) Varicosa (Gaskoin, 1852), 35 m among small rocks

A. (Q.) vexillum (Reeve, 1858), intertidal under rocks

A. (Glyptanachis) hilli Pilsbry 6 Lowe, 1932, 35 m among small rocks

A. (Parvanachis) pygmaea (Sowerby, 1832), intertidal on rocks

A. (Zafrona) incerta (Stearns, 1892), intertidal; dr 20-35 m among small rocks

Decipifu8 dictynna (Dali, 1919), 20 m in gravel

D. gracilis McLean, 1959, intertidal under rocks
Mitrella caulerpae Keen, 1971, intertidal on Padina

M. dorma Baker, Hanna & Strong, 1938, intertidal under rocks

M. granti Lowe, 1935, intertidal under rocks; dr 35 m among small rocks

M. millepunctata (Carpenter, 1864), intertidal on algae; dr 35 m
Nassarina (Cigclirina) helenae Keen, 1971, 20-100 m among rocks and shells

N. (Steironepion) tincta (Carpenter, 1864), 35 m on gravel
N. (Zanassarina) anitae Campbell, 1961, 35-100 m on gravel

N. (Z.) atella Pilsbry 6 Lowe, 1932, intertidal under rocks; dr 60 m on gravel

PaxKmetaria dupontii (Kiener, 1849-50), intertidal on rocks; dr 40 m on gravel

Strombina (Strombina) angularis (Sowerby, 1832), 80-100 m on silt and empty shells

S. (S.) dorsata (Sowerby, 1832), 20 m on sand

S. (S.) gibberula (Sowerby, 1832), 20-35 m on gravel

S. (S.) maculosa (Sowerby, 1832), 20-100 m on gravel and empty shells

S. (S.) pavonina (Hinds, 1844), 100 m on empty shells

Nassarius nodicinctus (A. Adams, 1852) [= N. angulicostis (Pilsbry 6 Lowe, 1932 )] [Cernohorsky , 1984]

20 m on gravel and rock

N. catallus (Dali, 1908), 100 m on empty shells
N. cerritensis (Arnold, 1903), 35-100 m on rocks
N. corpulentus (C.B. Adams, 1852), 35 m among rocks

N. guaymasensis (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932), 35-100 m on rocks and empty shells

N. insculptus (Carpenter, 1864), 100 tn on empty shells

N. miser (Dali, 1908), 100 m on empty shells

N. onchodes (Dali, 1917), 100 m on empty shells

N. pagodus (Reeve, 1844), intertidal around rocks

N. shaskyi McLean, 1970, 100 m on empty shells

N. taeniolatus (Philippi, 1845), 35 m on gravel

N. (Arcularia) iodes (Dali, 1917), intertidal under rocks

N. (A.) luteostoma (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829 ), intertidal near mangroves

N. (A.) tiarula (Kiener, 1841), intertidal under rocks
Latirus hemphilli Hertlein & Strong, 1951, 40 m on small rocks

L. praestantior Melvill, 1892, 35 m among rocks

Rilsifusus dupetitthouarsz (Kiener, 1840), intertidal in sand, dr 100 m on empty shells (juveniles)
Pusinus turris (Valenciennes, 1832), 100 m on empty shells
F. (Aptyxie) cinereus (Reeve, 1847), intertidal on rocks; dr 35 m
F. (Barbarofusus) colpoicus Dali, 1915, 100 m on empty shells
F. ambustus (Gould, 1853), 20-35 m on small rocks
F. panamensis (Dali, 1908), 100 m on empty shells
F. sonorae Poorman, 1981, 100 m on empty shells
F. zacae Strong & Hertlein, 1937, 100 m on empty shells
Lyria (Enaeta) cumingii (Broderip, 1832), 20-40 m on coarse gravel
Harpa crenata Swainson, 1822, 100 m on empty shells
Oliva (Oliva) polpasta Duclos, 1833, 35 m in sand

O. (0.) porphyria (Linnaeus, 1758), 20 m in sand

0. (Strephoma) spicata (Roding, 1798), 20-35 m in sand
Agaronia testacea (Lamarck, 1811) 35 m in sand

Olivella (Olivella) dama (Wood, 1828 ex Mawe.MS), 35 m on gravel and small rock

0. ( 0 .) steveni Burch & Campbell, 1963, 20 m in gravel

0. ( Dactylidella) anazora (Duclos, 1835), intertidal in sand

VaP.um caestus (Broderip, 1833), 30 m on small rocks

Mb Ivarina ( \blvarina) taeniolata taeniolata Morch, 1860, 35 m on rocks
Granula minor (C.B. Adams, 1852), 35 m on rocks
Granulina margaritula (Carpenter, 1857), 35 m on rocks
Mitra (Atramitra) belcheri Hinds, 1843, 80 m on silt and small rocks

M. (A.) fultoni E. A. Smith, 1892, on small rocks and corals at 90 m
V . (A.) swainsonii Broderip, 1836, 35 m on small rocks

M. (Mitra) crenata Broderip, 1836 [Cernohorsky, 1976] 20 m on gravel
M. (M . ) lens Wood, 1828 [ibid] intertidal around rocks

Subcancilla (Subcancilla) sphoni Shasky 6 Campbell, 1964 [ibid] 20-35 m

Mitra (Strigatella) tristis Broderip, 1836, intertidal under rocks; dr 20 m in gravel

M . lignaria Reeve, 1844, 100 m on empty shells

Subcancilla calodinota (Berry, 1960), 30-100 m on silt and rock

Page 60

THE FESTIVUS

Vol. XX(6): 1988

1436

1437
1439*

1440

1441

1442
1443*
1444A
1445
1447*
1450*

1451

1452
1455*
1457
1458*
1460*
1462
1465*
1466
1468
1469A
1470*
1476*

1481

1482
1484
1485*
1486
1489
1489a
1491*

1493

1494
1495*

1499

1500

1501

1502

1504

1505

1507

1508

1509

1510

1511
1511a
1514

1516

1517
1522*

1524

1528

1529*

1535a

1538c

1547*

1548*

1554

1555*

1558*

1560*

1564

1565*

1566

1571*

1574A

1575

1575A

1579

1595

1599

1605

S. directa (Berry, 1960), 65 m on silt

S. erythrogramma (Tomlin, 1931), 35-65 m on silt and small rock

S. gigantea (Reeve, 1844, ex Swainson, MS), 35 m on silt and gravel

S. hindsii (Reeve, 1844), 20-35 m on sand
S. lindsayi (Berry, 1960), 20 m in sand

S. malleti (Petit de la Saussaye, 1852), 25-100 m on sand and empty shells

S. phorminx (Berry, 1969), 100 m on empty shells

S. welkerorum Whitney, 1977, 80-100 m on small rocks and empty shells
Thala gratiosa (Reeve, 1845), intertidal under rocks; dr 35 m

T. sotitaria (C.B. Adams, 1852), 20 m in coarse gravel
Cancellaria (CanceZZaria) decussata Sowerby, 1832, 120 m on silt
C. (C.) germruZata Sowerby, 1832, 30 m on coarse gravel

C. (C.) obesa Sowerby, 1832, 35 m on silt and small rocks
C. (C.) ventricosa Hinds, 1843, 100 m on empty shells
C. (Agatrix) strongi Shasky, 1961, 100 m on empty shells
C. (Aphera) tessellata Sowerby, 1832, 100 m on empty shells

C. (Bivetia) indentata Sowerby, 1832, 25-100 m on small rocks and empty shells
C. (Bivetiella) pulchra Sowerby, 1832, 20 m on sand
C. (Euclia) balboae Pilsbry, 1931, 30 m on sand
C. (E.) cassidiformis Sowerby, 1832, 35 m on gravel

C. (MassyZa) corrugate Hinds, 1843, 35 m on small rocks (1 dead specimen)

C. (Naronal cooperi (Gabb, 1865), 100 m on empty shells (1 broken specimen)

C. (N.) exopZeura Dali, 1908, 100 m on empty shells
C. (SveZtia) centrota Dali, 1896, 100 m on empty shells

Trigonostoma (OZssoneZZa) campbeZZi Shasky, 1961, 20-80 m on silt among rocks

T. funicuZatum (Hinds, 1843), 100 m on empty shells

T. ( \entriZia) buZZatum (Sowerby, 1832), 100 m on empty shells

T. (V . ) eZegantuZum M. Smith, 1947, 20 m on gravel

T. ( V. ) goniostoma (Sowerby, 1832), 20-40 m on gravel

Conus (Conus) brunneus Wood, 1828, intertidal around rocks

C. (C.)bartschi Hanna & Strong, 1949, 30-80 m on small rocks

C. (C.) diadema Sowerby, 1834, dead in tide pool

C. (C.) gZadiator Broderip, 1833, intertidal around rocks

C. (C.) princeps Linnaeus, 1758, intertidal around rocks; dr 35 m on rocks

C. (C.) tiaratus Sowerby, 1833, ex Broderip, MS, intertidal in tide pool

C. (CheZyconus) orion Broderip, 1833, 35 m on small rocks

C. (C.) purpurascens Sowerby, 1833, ex Broderip, MS, intertidal around rocks
C. (C.) vittatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792, 100 m on empty shells
C. (CyZindrus) daZZi Stearns, 1873, 35 m on small rocks
C. (?Leptoconus) gradatus Wood, 1828, ex Mawe, MS, 100 m on empty shells
C. (L. ) poormani Berry, 1968, 100 m on empty shells

C. (L.) reguZaris Sowerby, 1833 [- C. (T,.) vp.curvus Broderip. 1833] [Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils, 1986]
20- 35 m on gravel and small rocks. 1C. reg'ilarlg}: 100 m on empty shells [C. recur ''us ]

C. (L.) scaZaris Valenciennes, 1832, 1UU m on empty shells

C. (L.) virgatus Reeve, 1849, intertidal around rocks; dr 20-30 m on small rocks

C. (L.) archon Broderip, 1833, 50-100 m on small rocks

C. (L.) fergusoni Sowerby, 1873, 100 m on empty shells

C. (L. ) xanthicus Dali, 1910, 100 m on empty shells

C. ( Stephanoconus ) nux Broderip, 1833, intertidal on rocks

C. (X imeniconus ) tomatus Sowerby, 1833, ex Broderip, MS, 20 m in sand

C. (X . ) ximenes Gray, 1839, 80 m on silt and small rocks

Terebra armiZZata Hinds, 1844 [=T. aZbocincta Carpenter, 1857] [Bratcher & Cernohorsky, 1987] 35 m on
silt and small.. rocks__[2L _amiZZata]\ 35 m on gravel [T. aZbocincta]

T. berryi Campbell, 1961, 10 m in sand

T. churea Campbell, 1964, 35 m on gravel

T. corintoensis Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932, 20 m on gravel

T. guayaquiZensis E.A. Smith, 1880, (1535, left figure), 35 m on gravel

T. petiveriana Deshayes, 1857 (large figures right and left), 80 m on silt and small rocks

T. Zarvaeformis Hinds, 1844, 10 m in sand

T. Zucana Dali, 1908, 100 m on empty shells

T. omata Gray, 1834, 35 m on silt and small rocks

T. panamensis Dali, 1908, 20-100 m on gravel and empty shells

■T. puncturosa Berry, 1959, 35 m on silt and gravel

T. robusta Hinds, 1844, 20-100 m on rock and gravel

T. shyana Bratcher 4 Burch, 1970, 35 m on gravel

T. 8peciZZata Hinds. 1844. \ T. baZaenorum Dali. 19081 [Bratcher & Cernohorskv. 1987] 20 m in sand,

100m on empty shells [T. spcciZZata ]; 20 m in sand [ T . baZaenorum ]

T. strigata Sowerby, 1825, 35 m on silt and small rocks

T. variegata Gray, 1834, intertidal in estero; dr 20-35 m on sand and gravel
Megasurcuta ?cooperi (Arnold, 1903), 100 m on empty shells (3 dead specimens)

Hormoapira macuZosa (Sowerby, 1834), 35 m on gravel

Ophioderma canceZZata (Carpenter, 1864), 100 m on empty shells

CalZicZava aZcmene (Dali, 1919), 35 m on silt

Kylix hecuba (Dali, 1919), 35 m on silt

K. paziana (Dali, 1919), 35 m on silt

ImacZava unimaouZata (Sowerby, 1834), 10-80 m in sand

Vol . XX(6): 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 61

1615

1616

1619

1620
1621
1623
1626
1627
1634
1637
1640*
1641
1643

1646

1647

1648

1649

1654

1655

1656
1659
1661
1662
1663
1676

1679

1680

1683

1684

1685
1686*

1687

1688
1691
1694
1697*
1699

1701

1702
1706
1708*
1710

1713

1714

1715

1716

1717
1719
1721*

1723

1724

1725

1726

1727
1731

1733

1734

1735

1736

1737
1739
1740*
1741
1742*
1743

1755

1756
1769*
1772*

1773

1774

1776

1777

1778

Brillia ( Brillia) acapulcana (Lowe, 1935), 20-40 m in sand and gravel
U (D.) aerope (Dali, 1919), 100 m on empty shells

D. ( D. ) aunninghamae McLean 6 Poorman, 1971, 25-100 m on small rocks and empty shells

D. ( D. ) inornate McLean & Poorman, 1971, 90 m on empty shells

D. (IX) roseola (Hertlein & Strong, 1955), 35 m on sand and silt

D. ( H ) tumida McLean & Poorman, 1971, 20-60 m in sand and small rocks

D. (Clathrodrillia) berryi McLean & Poorman, 1971, 100 m on empty shells

H (C.) salvadorioa (Hertlein 6 Strong, 1951), 20-35 m on gravel

Cerodrillia oybele (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932), 20-35 m on gravel

Splendrillia bratoherae McLean & Poorman, 1971, 20-100 m on gravel

Iredalea perfeota (Pilsbry 6 Lowe, 1932), 35 m on gravel

Bellaspira aaalivicosta McLean & Poorman, 1970, 35 m on gravel

B. melea Dali, 1919, 10-35 m on gravel

Germrula hindsiana Berry, 1958, 100 m on empty shells
Polystira nobilis (Hinds, 1843), 100 m on empty shells
P. oxytropis (Sowerby, 1834), 20-35 m on gravel
P. piota (Reeve, 1843, ex Beck, MS), 35 m on gravel
Fusiturricula armilda (Dali, 1908), 100 m on empty shells
Cochlespira oedonulli (Reeve, 1843), 20-80 m on empty shells

Knefastia dalli Bartsch, 1944, intertidal around rocks; dr 20-80 m on small rocks

K. olivacea (Sowerby, 1833), 100 m on empty shells
K. tuberculifera (Broderip 6 Sowerby, 1829), 50 m on small rocks

K. walker i Berry, 1958, 80-100 m on small rocks
Pyrgospira obelisous (Reeve, 1843), 35-90 m in coarse gravel
Crassispira (Crassispira) maura (Sowerby, 1834), 60 m on small rocks

C. (Burchia) unicolor (Sowerby, 1834), 20 m in gravel

C. (Crassiclava) cortezi Shasky 6 Campbell, 1964, 35 m on gravel and small rocks
C. (Crassipirella) brujae Hertlein 6 Strong, 1951, 80 m on silt and small rocks
C. (C.) chacei Hertlein 6 Strong, 1951, 80 m on silt and small rocks

C. (C.) discors (Sowerby, 1834), intertidal; dr 35 m on rock and gravel

C. (C.) epicasta Dali, 1919, 35-100 m on silt, rock and empty shells

C. (C.) rugitecta (Dali, 1918), 90 m on empty shells

C. (C.) rustica (Sowerby, 1834), 35-100 m on small rocks and empty shells
C. ( D allspira) bifurca (E.A. Smith, 1888), 20-35 m on coarse gravel
C. ( V. ) erigone Dali, 1919, 35-70 m on silt and small rocks

C. ( Striospira ) adana (Bartsch, 1950), intertidal under rocks; dr 35 m on small rocks
C. (S.) kluthi E.K. Jordan, 1936, 20 m on coarse gravel

C. (S.) tepocana Dali, 1919, intertidal under rocks; dr 20-30 m on small rocks
C. (S.) xanti Hertlein & Strong, 1951, 35 m on small rocks
C. (monilispira) pluto Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932, intertidal on rocks
Hindsiclava andromeda (Dali, 1919), 100 m on empty shells
H. militaris (Reeve, 1843), ex Hinds, MS), 35 m on small rocks

Buchema granulosa (Sowerby, 1834), intertidal under rocks; dr 20-40 m on small rocks
Lioglypho stoma exdcea (Hinds, 1843), 35-100 m on rocks and empty shells

L. rectilabrum McLean 6 Poorman, 1971, 100 m on empty shells
Maesiella hermanita (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932), 20-35 m on small rocks

M. maesae McLean & Poorman, 1971, 35 m on gravel

M iraclathurella bicanalifera (Sowerby, 1834), intertidal under rocks; dr 20 m on gravel
Carinodrillia adonis Pilsbry 6 Lowe, 1932, 35-100 m on rocks and empty shells
C. dichroa Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932, 35-100 m on rocks and empty shells
C. halis (Dali, 1919), 35-100 m on rocks and empty shells
C. hexagona (Sowerby, 1834), 35 m on small rocks
C. lachrymosa McLean & Poorman, 1971, 20 m on gravel

Strictispira ericana (Hertlein & Strong, 1951), 25-100 m on rocks and empty shells

Z onulispira grandimaculata (C.B. Adams, 1852), 35 m on silt and small rocks

Compsodrillia albonodosa (Carpenter, 1857), 20 m on gravel

C. alcestis (Dali, 1919), 35-100 m on empty shells

C. bicarinata (Shasky, 1961), 80-100 m on empty shells

C. duplicata (Sowerby, 1834), 30-100 m on empty shells

C. excentrica (Sowerby, 1834), 20-35 m on rocks

C. haliplexa (Dali, 1919), 20-35 m on gravel

C. jaculum (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932), 20-35 m on silt

C. olssoni McLean 6 Poorman, 1971, 35 m on silt

C. opaca McLean & Poorman, 1971, 100 m on empty shells

C. thestia (Dali, 1919), 20 m on gravel

Pilsbryspira ( Nymphispira) bacchia (Dali, 1919), intertidal; dr 20-35 m on gravel
P. (N. ) nymphia (Pilsbry 6 Lowe, 1932), intertidal under rocks
Mitrolumna mitriformis (Shasky, 1961), 100 m on empty shells
Cymakra granata McLean & Poorman, 1971, 100 m on empty shells
Diptychophlia occata (Hinds, 1843), 100 m on empty shells

Clathurella maryae McLean & Poorman, 1971, 35-100 m on small rocks and empty shells
C. rigida (Hinds, 1843), 20-35 m on small rocks
Nannodiella fratemalis (Dali, 1919), 20-35 m on gravel

N. nana (Dali, 1919), 35 m on gravel

Page 62

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(6) : 1988

1781

1784

1785
1787*
1789
1791
1793

1798

1799
1803
1806
1807

1809

1810
1813
1816
1819*
1822
1823
1826

1829

1830

1831

1832
1835
1836*
1836A
1837

1839

1840
1843
1848
1876*
1877
1879*
1880*
1881
1884*
1887*
1889
1893
1958*
1960*
1972*
1985*
1988*
1995*
2010*
2016*
2018*
2020
2023*
2027*
2028*
2040*
2041

2044

2045
2050*
2056*
2066*
2068
2083
2088*
2124*
2128
2144*
2162*
2175*
2216*
2230
2231A

Glyphostoma (Glyphostoma) neglecta (Hinds, 1843), 20 m on gravel
G. (G . ) thalassoma (Dali, 1908), 100 m on empty shells

G. (Euglyphostoma) Candida (Hinds, 1843), 40-70 m on silt and small rocks
Strombinoturris crockeri Hertlein & Strong, 1951, 80-100 m on empty shells
Kurtziella (Kurtziella) plwnbea (Hinds, 1843), 100 m on empty shells

K. (Granoturria) antipyrgus (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932), 35-100 m on gravel and empty shells
K. (Kurtzina) cyrene (Dali, 1919), 20 m on gravel

lenatwrria mevita (Hinds, 1843), intertidal under rocks; dr 35 m on small rocks
T. verdensia (Dali, 1919), 35 m on gravel

Euclathurella carisaima (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932), intertidal under rocks
Platycythara electra (Dali, 1919), 35 m among rocks

Thelecythara dushanae McLean & Poorman, 1971, 20-100 m on gravel and empty shells
Kurtzia aethra (Dali, 1919), 20 m on gravel

K. arteaga (Dali & Bartsch, 191(5, 20-100 m on gravel and empty shells
K. granulatissima (Morch, 1860), 20-35 m on gravel

Agathotoma (Agathotoma) alcippe (Dali, 1918), 35-100 m on gravel and empty shells

A. (A.) neglecta (C.B. Adams, 1852), 20-35 m on gravel

A. ( Vitricythara) klasmidia Shasky, 1971, 35 m on gravel

A. ( V. ) secalis Shasky, 1971, 20 m on gravel

Pyrgocythara emersoni Shasky, 1971, intertidal under rocks

P. Helena (Dali, 1919), 35 m on gravel

P. melita (Dali, 1919), 20-35 m on gravel

P. phaethusa (Dali, 1919), intertidal under rocks

P. acammoni (Dali, 1919), intertidal under rocks; dr 35 m on gravel
Ithycythara penelope (Dali, 1919), 35 m on gravel
Laphnella allemani (Bartsch, 1931), intertidal under rocks
D. levicallis Poorman, 1983, 80-100 m on empty shells
D. bartschi Dali, 1919, 35 m on gravel

D. mazatlanica Pilsbry 6 Lowe, 1932, intertidal under rocks; dr 35 m on gravel
D. retusa McLean & Poorman, 1971, 20-100 m on gravel and empty shells
Philbertia doris Dali, 1919, 35-50 m on small rocks
Microdaphne trichodes (Dali, 1919), intertidal under rocks

Pyramidella (Pyramidella) hancocki Strong 6 Hertlein, 1939, 20-100 m on gravel and empty shells

P. (Longchaeus) adamsi Carpenter, 1864, 35 m on gravel

P. (L.) conica C.B. Adams, 1852, 35 m on small rocks

P. (L.) elenensis Bartsch, 1924, 40 m on small rocks

P. (L.) mazatlanica Dali 6 Bartsch, 1909, 20-35 m on gravel

P. (Pharcidella) hastata (A. Adams in Sowerby, 1854), intertidal under rocks

P. (P. ) panamensis Dali & Bartsch, 1909, 35 m on gravel

P. ( Ibluspa) linearum Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932, 35 m on gravel

Iselica ovoidea (Gould, 1853), 35 m on small rocks

Odostomia (Egila) lacunata Carpenter, 1857, 35 m on grave.

0. (Eulimastoma) dotella Dali & Bartsch, 1909, 35 m on gravel
0. (Evalea) tenuis Carpenter, 1857, 100 m on empty shells
0. ( Ividella) naviea Dali & Bartsch, 1907, 35 m on empty shells
0. (I.) ulloana Strong, 1949, 35 m on gravel

0. (Menestho) grijalve Baker, Hanna A Strong, 1928, 35 m on gravel
0. (Miralda) terebellum (C.B. Adams, 1852), 35 m on gravel
0. ( Salaesia) scalariformis Carpenter, 1857, 35 m on gravel
0. (S.) laxa Dali 6 Bartsch, 1909, 35 m on gravel
Periatichia hermosa (Lowe, 1935), 35 m on gravel

Triptychus incantatus (Hertlein 6 Strong, 1939), 100 m on empty shells

Turbonilla (Turbonilla) lucana Dali & Bartsch, 1909, 35 m on small rocks

T. (T.) prolongata Carpenter, 1857, 35 m on small rocks

T. ( Chemnitzia ) aculeus (C.B. Adams, 1852), 35 m on small rocks

T. (C.) aepynota Dali & Bartsch, 1909, 35 m on small rocks

T. (C.) keleeyi Dali & Bartsch, 1909, 35 m on small rocks

T. (C.) muricata (Carpenter, 1857), 35 m on small rocks

T. (C.) sinaloana Strong, 1949, 35 m on small rocks

T. ( Rmkeria) andrewsi Dali & Bartsch, 1909, 35 m on small rocks

T. ( D. ) sedillina Dali & Bartsch, 1909, 35 m on small rocks

T. (Mormula) coyotensis Baker, Hanna & Strong, 1928, 20-40 m on small rocks

T. (Ptycheulimella) penaacoensis Lowe, 1935, 20 m on gravel

T. (Pyrgiscus) amiriana Hertlein & Strong, 1951, 35 m on gravel

T. (P. ) gruberi Hertlein A Strong, 1951, 35 m on gravel

T. (P.) histias Dali A Bartsch, 1909, 35 m on gravel

T. (P. ) marshalli Dali A Bartsch, 1909, 35 m on gravel

T. (P.) striosa (C.B. Adams, 1852), 35 m on gravel

T . (P.) ulys8i Hertlein A Strong, 1951, 35 m on gravel

T. (Strioturbonilla) pazana Dali A Bartsch, 1909, 35 m on gravel

Acteon traakii Steams, 1897, 35 m on small rocks

Pictaxis punctocaelatus (Carpenter, 1864) [=P. coronadoensis Stearns, 1898] [Abbott, 1974] 35m on
rocks [P. punctocaelatus ] ; 100 m on empty shells [P. coronadoensis]

small

Vol . XX(6) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 63

2235 Bulla (Bulla) gouldiana Pilsbry, 1895, intertidal in ester© ; dr 35 m on gravel

2236 B. (B. ) punotulata A. Adams in Sowerby, 1850, intertidal

2239 Atys casta Carpenter, 1864, 35 m on gravel

2240 A. chimera Baker & Hanna, 1927, 20 m on gravel
2242 A. liriope Hertlein 6 Strong, 1931, 20 m in gravel

22^3 llaminoaa angelensis Baker 6 Hanna, 1927, 20 m in gravel
2245 H. virescens (Sowerby, 1833), intertidal around rocks
2248 Sulcoretusa paziana (Dali, 1919), 35 m on gravel

2250 Volvulella (Volvulella) cylindrica (Carpenter, 1864), 35 m on gravel
2252 tyoodbridgea williamsi Berry, 1953, 35 m on gravel
2254A Chelidonura polyalphos Gosliner & Williams, 1972, intertidal
2254B C. evelinae Marcus, 1955, intertidal

2257 Acteocina angustiov Baker & Hanna, 1927, 20-40 m in silt

2263 Cylichna fantasma (Baker & Hanna, 1927), 35 m on silt

2264 C. inca (Dali, 1908), 100 m on empty shells

2277 * Cavolinia tridentata (Niebuhr, 1775* ex Forskal, MS), 35 m on gravel

2278 C. uncinata (Rang, 1829), 35 m on gravel

2283* Diacria quadridentata (Blainville, 1821, ex Lesueur, MS), 35 m on gravel

2285* Hyalocylis striata (Rang, 1828), 35 m on gravel

2296 Aplysia (Neaplysia) calif omica Cooper, 1863, intertidal under rocks

2297 A. (Pruvotaplysia) parvula Morch, 1863, intertidal under rocks
2303 Lolabrifera dolabrifera (Rang, 1828), intertidal under rocks
2304A Phyllaplysia padinae Williams & Gosliner, 1973, intertidal on Padina

2305 Stylocheilus longicauda (Quoy 6 Gaimard, 1824), intertidal on algae

2306 Pleurobranchus areolatum (Morch, 1863), intertidal under rocks

2308 Berthellina citrina (Ruppell & Leuckart, 1828), intertidal under rocks
2312* Oxynoe panamensis Pilsbry 6 Olsson, 1943, intertidal on Caulerpa
2313* Lobiger souverbii Fischer, 1857, intertidal on Caulerpa

2314A Ascobulla califomica (Hamatani, 1971), intertidal in sand around Caulerpa
2316* Berthelinia (Edenttellina) chloris (Dali, 1918), intertidal on Caulerpa
2327 Conualevia mizuna Marcus 6 Marcus, 1967, intertidal under rocks
2329A Chromodoris bawnanni Bertsch, 1970, intertidal under rocks

2331 C. norrisi Farmer, 1963, intertidal under rocks

2331A C. sphoni (Marcus, 1971) [Bertsch, 1978] 40 m on small rocks

2332 Chromolaichma sedna (Marcus 6 Marcus, 1967) [Bertsch, 1977] 40 m on small rocks

2335 Hypselodoris califomiensis (Bergh, 1879), intertidal under rocks

2336 Cadlina evelinae Ernst Marcus, 1958, intertidal under rocks
2340 Discodaris mavis Marcus & Marcus, 1967, intertidal under rocks
2350 Polycera alabe Collier & Farmer, 1964, intertidal under rocks
2361 LDriopsilla janaina Marcus & Marcus, 1967, intertidal under rocks
2362A Crosslandia daedali Poorman & Mulliner, 1981, intertidal on Padina
2370 Melibe leonina (Gould, 1852), intertidal on Padina

2372 Tritonia pickensi Marcus & Marcus, 1967, intertidal under rocks
2380 Coryphella cynara Marcus & Marcus, 1967, intertidal under rocks
2388A Spurilla alba (Risbec, 1928), intertidal under rocks

2388 S. ckromosoma Cockerell & Eliot, 1905, intertidal under rocks

2389 Heimissenda crassicomis (Eschscholtz , in Rathke, 1831), intertidal under rocks
2396 Onchidella hildae (Hoffman, 1928), intertidal around rocks

2401* Melanrpus (Pira) tabogensis C.B. Adams, 1852, intertidal

2412 Pedipes unisulcatus Cooper, 1866, in sand bank above high tide

2425 Williamia peltoides (Carpenter, 1864), intertidal; dr 20 m on gravel

P0LYPLAC0PH0RA

35* Lepidozona formosa Ferreira, 1974, 35 m on rocks
36A L. laurae Ferreira, 1985, 100 m on empty shells

37 L. serrata (Carpenter, 1864), 100 m on empty shells

38 L. subtilis Berry, 1956, intertidal under rocks; dr 100 m on empty shells

42 Chaetopleura unilineata Leloup, 1954 [="Chaetopleura mixta (Dali, 1919)" in Thorpe in Keen, 1971]
[Ferreira, 1983] 10-100 m on rocks
42A C. lanuginosa (Dali, 1879) [ibid] 100 m on empty shells

44 Lepidochitona beanii (Carpenter, 1857), 20 m on rocks

45 Nuttalina crossota Berry, 1956, intertidal under rocks
48 Lepidochitona lirulatus (Berry, 1963), 35 m on rocks

SCAPH0P0DA

3 Dentaliim ( D entalium) oerstedii Morch, 1860, 20-90 m in silt

4 D. ( D. ) vallicolens Raymond, 1904, 80 m in silt

8 D. (Graptacme) semipolitim Broderip & Sowerby, 1829, 20-40 m in silt

11 D. (Tesseracme) tesseragonum Sowerby, 1832, 20-35 m in silt

14 Pustiaria ( Laevidentalium ) splendida (Sowerby, 1832), 20-35 m in silt

17 Siphonodentalium quadrifissatum (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898), 100 m on empty shells

18 Cadulus (Gadila) fusiformis Pilsbry 6 Sharp, 1898, 35 m in silt

23 C. (Polyschides ) calif omicus Pilsbry 6 Sharp, 1898, 30 m in silt

.

ISSN: 0738-9388

QL
46/

mil l 6 THE F E S T I V U S

If A publication of the San Diego Shell Club
Volume: XX July 14, 1988 Number: 7

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor

Photographer

Bill Romer
Bob Yin
Jules Hertz
Wayne Reed
Margaret Mulliner

Carole M. Hertz
David K. Mulliner

MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego
Shell Club. Single member: $10.00;
Family membership: $12.00;

Overseas (surface mail): $12.00.

Address all correspondence to the
San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883
Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111
Single copies of this issue: $5.00.
Postage is additional

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
R. Tucker Abbott

American M alacologists 3 Inc.

Eugene Coan

Research Associate

California Academy of Sciences

Anthony D’Attilio

Associate

San Diego Natural History Museum

William K. Emerson

American Museum of Natural History

Terrence M. Gosliner

California Academy of Sciences

James H. McLean

Los Angeles County Museum

of Natural History

Barry Roth

Research Associate

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily H. Vokes
Tulane University

The Festivus is published monthly except

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M., December. The publication date appears
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park on the masthead above.

PROGRAM

"Deep Water Shells of California"

Ralph Ferguson, longtime collector and dealer from Wi
California, will present this program featuring trawled sr

this coast.

Meeting date: July 21, 1988

CONTENTS

Notes on the morphology of Favartia (Murexiella) martini (Shikama, 1977)
and F. (M.) mactanensis Emerson & D'Attilio, 1979)

ANTHONY D ' ATTILIO 65

Lyropecten subnodosus off Cedros Island

RON H. MCPEAK 69

Club news 69

A brief look at two new publications 70

lmington ,

eciej

Page 65

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(7) : 1988

NOTES ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF FAVARTIA (MU REX I ELLA) MARTINI (SHI KAMA, 1977)
AND F. (M.) MACTANENSIS (EMERSON & D'ATTILIO, 1979)

BY

ANTHONY D'ATTILIO

Associate, Department of Marine Invertebrates, San Diego Natural History Museum,

P.O. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112

This paper follows, essentially, the method used in several recently published
in treating closely related species in pairs. This simplifies explanations both
pictorial and written concerning the differences and similarities of both species.

The two species reviewed in this paper, Favartia (MurexieZZa) martini (Shikama,
1977) and F. (M.) mactanensis (Emerson & D’Attilio, 1979), fall within the range of
small to medium size for the subgenus. Relatively large species of this subgenus
occur in the eastern Pacific where most MurexieZZa have been known since the mid-
19th Century. Most of the western Pacific species have been discovered within the
last two decades; their discovery made possible by the tangle-net-method of collecting
in 100 meters or more. The use of such collecting techniques in the Indian Ocean,
especially along the east coast of Africa, will probably reveal other species in
this complex.

Favartia (MurexieZZa) martini is easily distinguished from other members of the
genus by the long shoulder spine with three secondary spines on the varix and the
long recurved canal. ( Figures 1 and 2). A

Figures 1 and 2. Favartia (MurexieZZa) martini (Shikama, 1977). D. Pisor collection.
Length (not including canal): 22.5 mm [If canal were straight it would add -9.6 mm]
Maximum diameter (to edges of spines): 20.2 mm Location: Cebu Is., Philippines Is.
(1) apertural view (2) dorsal view Photos. D. Mullxner

Vol . XX(7 ) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 66

anterior to the three short spines. The shell has a protoconch of 1% bulbous whorls
and a mature specimen, such as the one shown here, may possess a teleoconch of 7
whorls. This specimen is unusual in having brown spines on the spire and body whorl.

Viewed dorsally (Figures 3 and 4), the varix has a weakly defined, transversely
sculptured undulate intervarical area with the shoulder spine and 3 shorter spines
strongly longitudinally grooved. Additionally, the entire surface in well-preserved
specimens has a low scabrous surface.

shoulder spine

Figures 3 and 4. F. (M.) martini. SDNHM 92828. Length: 10.6 mm (canal ^8 mm)
Location: Philippine Is. Donor: L.J. Bibbey. (3) dorsal view of final varix,
greatly enlarged (4) enlarged dorsal view of shoulder spine r

Ventrally the varical spines are nearly
closed, if not entirely so (Figure 5).

As the flange grows out from the aperture,
the surface becomes lamellose and
folded longitudinally (Figure 6)
never becoming as strongly elevated on
the three varical spines as on the
shoulder spine (Figure 7).

Figure 5. F. (M. ) martini. SDNHM 92828
Apertural view, greatly enlarged,
showing nearly closed varical spines.

67

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(7) : 1988

posterior

Figures 6 and 7. F.(M.) martini. SDNHM 92828 (6) detail of lamellose folds

growing out from the aperture and the 3 spines below the shoulder spine

(7) ventral view of shoulder spine, greatly enlarged, showing strongly elevated folds

Study of the micro-characters in Favartia (Murexiella) mactanensis (Figures 8
and 9) indicates both similarities and differences from the closely related F.(M.)

martini .

Shell growth begins with strong surface sculpture which diminishes in richness
as the shell reaches maturity towards the final varix. On the spire, especially,
the strong axial lamellae are undulately raised forming cowl-like scales. This
feature diminishes dorsally on the final varix, becoming weakly raised growth
lamellae (Figure 10). The surface of the final varix, when not eroded, is also
microscopically transversely striate and the shoulder spine is not extensively
prolonged as in F . (M. ) martini .

The ventral surface of the apertural flange (Figure 11) is sculptured with
axial and spiral elements. The area closest to the aperture is folded and raised
transversely corresponding to the lower portions of the spines. The relatively
simple, but not symmetrically formed, spines become twisted and turned upward
posteriorly at their crests.

In both F. ( M .) martini and F. (M.) mactanensis the shells change from six
varices on the early whorls to five on the mature last varix.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I thank David K. Mulliner for the fine photography and Donald Pisor for the
loan of the study specimen.

Vol . XX(7): 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 68

Figures 8 and 9. Favartia ( Murexiella ) mactanensis (Emerson 6 D'Attilio, 1979).
SDNHM 92087. Length: 12.2 mm. Maximum diameter to edges of spines: 12.6 mm.
Location: Philippine Is. Donor: D. Pisor (8) apertural view (9) dorsal view

Photos: D. Mulliner

Figures 10 and 11. F.(M.) mactanensis. SDNHM 82301. Length: 19.8 mm. Maximum

diameter to edges of spines: 11.8 mm. Location: Cebu, Philippine Is. Donor: V. Dan.
(10) Dorsal view of final varix, greatly enlarged, showing weakly raised growth
lamellae (11) Ventral surface of apertural flange, greatly enlarged, showing the
transverse folds aperturally and the upturned, twisted spines.

Page 69

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX ( 7 ) : 1988

LITERATURE CITED

EMERSON, WILLIAM K. and ANTHONY D'ATTILIO

1979. Six new living species of muricacean gastropods. Nautilus 93(1):

1-10, 21 figs.

SHIKAMA, TOKIO

1977. Descriptions of new and noteworthy Gastropoda from western Pacific

and Indian Oceans. Sci. Repts., Yokohama Natl. Univ. sect. 2, Biol. &
Geol. Sci., no. 24:9-23, pis. 1-5, 2 figs.

LYROPECTEN SUBNODOSUS OFF CEDROS ISLAND

BY

RON H. MCPEAK

KELCO, Division of Merck Inc., P.0. Box 23576
San Diego, California 92123-1718

On February 12, 1988, Keith Ullrich and I were conducting diving surveys off
the northern tip of Cedros Island, Baja California, Mexico. During the survey,
Keith collected a beautiful live specimen of Lyroyeeten subnodosus (Sowerby, 1835)
on the rocky bottom at a depth of 15 meters. The scallop was large, approximately
160 mm in length, and appeared healthy.

This specimen was collected 33 miles north of its reported range, from
Scammon's Lagoon on the west coast of Baja California to Peru, in Keen's (1971)

SEA SHELLS OF TROPICAL WEST AMERICA.

CLUB NEWS

FROM THE MINUTES - SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB MEETING - JUNE 16, 1988

Our speaker for the evening was Marc Chamberlain, neurologist and award winning
underwater photographer who presented a kaleidoscope of startling colors in his
program BRANCHS + UNDERWATER IMAGES OF EASTERN PACIFIC INVERTEBRATES. He showed
slides of invertebrates inhabiting the waters from Vancouver all the way down to
Cabo San Lucas, Baja California. Using a Nikonos Three camera, Marc has photographed
such intriguing seldom-seen animals as the gorgeous Dirona alabaster , which he
described as "always a big crowd pleaser." He has photographed many of his inverte-
brate subjects against the brilliant background of the volcano sponge with the
soft reds and oranges.

In concluding a truly marvelous program, Marc showed a slide of his wife, Susan,
in diving gear examining a mollusk without a shell, the octopus.

During the coffee break, members and guests had an opportunity to purchase back
issues and duplicate publications from the Club library librarian, Margaret
Mulliner announced that the monies collected from the sale of these magazines will
be used to bind back issues of THE FESTIVUS.

Linda and John LaGrange and Ginny and Richard Herrmann provided the delicious
cookies enjoyed during the break

Following the coffee break, slides of Tony's retirement party at the San Diego
Natural History Museum were shown followed by pictures from the 1987 September and
Christmas parties. These were enjoyed by all.

Don Pisor briefly mentioned that volunteers for chairmanships for the 1989
COA meeting in San Diego are still needed. If you are willing to help, contact
Don at 279-9342

Bill Romer waved the grab bags overhead and Ken Lindahl, with the lucky number,
went home with some unexpected treasures. Wayne Reed volunteered to bring cookies
to the next meeting. Wayne Reed

Page 70

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(7): 1988

A BRIEF LOOK AT TWO NEW PUBLICATIONS

MARINE FAUNA AND FLORA OF BERMUDA, A SYSTEMATIC GUIDE TO THE
IDENTIFICATION OF MARINE ORGANISMS
Editor: Wolfgang Sterrer

Illustrators: Wolfgang Sterrer and Christine Schoepf er-Sterrer
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, N.Y. 1986

742 pages, 228 black & white plates, 16 color plates, 2 maps, hardbound
Price: $99.95

This new book DOES Bermuda! It covers the plant kingdom from fungi to flowering
plants and the animal kingdon from protozoa to mammals (whales). Each section is
treated by specialists in the field. The black and white drawings are excellent
and the color plates beautifully illustrate groups such as Algae, Porifera,

Anthozoa and Decapoda. The color plates of the mollusks are limited, but their
illustration in black and white is superior.

For the Mollusca, as well as the other groups, each class is broken into the
following sections: Characteristics, Occurrence, Identification, Biology, Development,
References and Plates. The molluscan species are listed by their Latin names and
authors (no dates) followed by their common names and brief synonymies.

A twenty-three page reference section, a glossary and taxonomic index are
included. For those who work with North Atlantic species, this book will be a must.

For others, it might be on their wish lists.

TREASURES OF THE TROPICS
By: Rene Catala

Photography by: Rene and Stucki Catala with some exceptions
Publisher: Facts on File Publications, N.Y. 1986
Translated from the French by Enzo Sirna

(First edition OFFRANDES DE LA MER published entirely in French in 1980)

334 pages, 700 full color photographs, large size, hardbound
Price: $50.00

This gorgeous book is by Dr. Rene Catala who established the Biologie Marine
(known as the Aquarium Noumea) in Noumea, New Caledonia in 1956 and with his wife,
Stucki, managed the aquarium for twenty years. Most of the exquisite photography is
of specimens collected by them for the aquarium from an area between five and twenty-
two kilometers from the aquarium. The author states that many of the corals and
fish survived in the aquarium for the twenty years under their care. It was from
material collected for the aquarium that Dr. Catala established, in 1957, that
corals flouresce.

The informative text is written in a conversational style easily understood by
the non-professional and is referenced with footnotes. The author considers himself
a non-specialist and states that there may be taxonomic errors (which there are).

There are over 180 magnificent photographs of mollusks alone, including some
with egg masses and photographs of cephalopods hunting. All animals illustrated are
identified by their Latin names and the figure legends include short descriptive and/
or habitat notes.

This is not vour usual cocktail table picture book and one need not be con-
versant with New Caledonian fauna to appreciate and want to own it. It is an
incredible bargain at $50.00.

t*f

*-iiE

/vu,(

THE FESTIVUS

A publication of the San Diego Shell Club

Vok

XX

August 11, 1988

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor

Photographer

Bill Romer
Bob Yin
Jules Hertz
Wayne Reed
Margaret Mulliner

Carole M. Hertz
David K. Mulliner

MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego
Shell Club. Single member: $10.00;
Family membership: $12.00;

Overseas (surface mail): $12.00.

Address all correspondence to the
San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883
Mt. Blackburn Ave. , San Diego, CA 92111
Single copies of this issue: $5.00.
Postage is additional

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD ^~***J^L-*^

R. Tucker Abbott

American M alacologists s Inc.

Eugene Coan

Research Associate

California Academy of Sciences

Anthony D'Attilio

Associate

San Diego Natural History Museum

William K. Emerson

American Museum of Natural History

Terrence M. Gosliner

California Academy of Sciences

James H. McLean

Los Angeles County Museum

of Natural History

Barry Roth

Research Associate

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily H. Vokes
Tulane University

The Festivus is published monthly except

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M., December. The publication date appears
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park on the masthead above.

PROGRAM

WHERE THE COWRIES HIDE

Dr. Hugh Bradner, Club member and cowry specialist who has given several fine
programs on cowries and their radulae, will present this popular talk on how to find
cowries. His presentation will be illustrated with slides.

Meeting date: August 18, 1988

CONTENTS

Further on Kaas and Van Belle’s MONOGRAPH OF LIVING CHITONS"

GEORGE A. HANSELMAN , 72

Comparison of two Favartia (Caribiella) species, one from the western
Atlantic and one from the eastern Pacific

ANTHONY D'ATTILIO 73

Club news 76

Early conchologists in Baja California, Mexico

HELEN DUSHANE 77

A report on the annual meeting of the Western Society of Malacologists

JULES HERTZ , 82

Page 72

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX (8) 1988

FURTHER ON KAAS AND VAN BELLE'S
"MONOGRAPH OF LIVING CHITONS"

Volume III of the above-named publication, most evidently the definitive pub-
lication in the field of chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) , is now available. It

is in every way precision, detail, quality of content and quality of publication

the equal of the first two volumes (see THE FESTIVUS, volume XVIII, no. 3, March 13,
1986), and covers several areas of special interest to those of us who live in the
northern eastern Pacific region.

Two innovations appear in this volume. Firstly, this volume is dedicated to
the memory of Dr. Antpnio J. F. Ferreira, whose tragically early death in 1986
closed a vigorous career of able and knowledgeable research into the Polyplacophora.

In a comparatively few years Dr. Ferreira exercised great influence in this field,
and termination of his further contributions will be a real loss.

Secondly, the first forty-one pages of this volume are devoted to an updating
and expansion of the information presented in the first two volumes of the series.
Although those volumes were issued in 1985, they hereby are brought current on ad-
ditional species published as late as 1986 in itself an excellent indication of

the meticulous thoroughness of the work as a whole. It is the stated intention of
the authors to continue such updating in further volumes.

Volume III continues coverage of the family Ischnochitonidae Dali, 1899. Two
subfamilies are included: subfamily Chaetopleurinae Plate, 1899, with three genera
totalling thirty-eight species, and the subfamily Ischnochitoninae Dali, 1889, with
three genera totalling sixty-three species. The pattern of coverage retains the
excellent format established in the initial volumes, each species being noted as to
type species, location of the holotype, the principal synonymy, a thorough description
and discussion, a plate averaging over a dozen fine pen-and-ink figures, and a map
of the species' geographical distribution. This then amounts, for these two sub-
families alone, to 220 pages of text including 117 plates totalling 1,213 figures,
plus 22 maps, a 7-page index, and 14 pages of bibliography. The volume therefore
totals 302 pages.

The lowered value of the U.S. dollar in the international market raises the
price of this volume to about $65.00 delivered. It is worth the cost. Copies may
be ordered from the publisher N.V. Boekhandel en Drukkerij v/h E.J. Brill, Leiden,
the Netherlands, through their U.S. agent Expeditors of the Printed Word, P.0. Box
1305, Long Island City, N.Y. 11101. Note that payment (the bill will accompany the
delivered book) may be sent to the agent for forwarding to E.J. Brill, but that the
check itself should be made out to E.J. Brill rather than to the agent.

If you have not yet subscribed to this publication I recommend that you do so
without delay. This is indeed a major publication.

George A. Hanselman

Vol . XX(8) 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 73

COMPARISON OF TWO FAVARTIA (CAR IB I ELLA) SPECIES,

ONE FROM THE WESTERN ATLANTIC AND ONE FROM THE EASTERN PACIFIC

BY

ANTHONY D'ATTILIO

Associate, Department of Marine Invertebrates, San Diego Natural History Museum,

P.O. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112

In this paper a comparison is made to clarify the subtle differences of micro-
scopic detail of form which is present in two small muricids. These differences
contribute to the overall visual effect of the shells of these species. The small
details, not readily distinguishable without magnification, are of much interest
scientifically and aesthetically

The two species under consideration are from both sides of the Panamic land
bridge. Favartia (Caribiella) alveata (Kiener, 1842) from the western Atlantic, is
a relatively shallow water species collected from intertidal to 5 m and widely dis-
tributed from Bermuda to Brazil (Figures 1 and 2) and is the type of the subgenus.
Favartia (C.) erosa (Broderip, 1833) is found over most of the tropical Panamic
Province and may also be collected in shallow water (Figures 3 and 4).

Figures 1 and 2. Favartia (Caribiella) alveata (Kiener, 1842). SDNHM 42853,
Length: 15.2 mm, Loc . : West Indies, ex J.F. Anderson collection. Figured in
Radwin & D'Attilio, 1976 (Fig. 92 in a schematic figure as F. erosa ) (1) apertural

view (2) dorsal view. Photos: D.K. Mulliner

Page 74

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(8) 1988

Figures 3 and 4. Favartia (Carzbiella) erosa (Broderip, 1833). SDNHM 23327
Length: 13.3 mm, Loc . : Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico. Leg. H.N. Lowe, June 1929, ex
H.N. Lowe collection (1) apertural view (2) dorsal view. Photos: D.K. Mulliner

The gross morphology of these species has been described in systematic icono-
graphies and in various regional studies as well as in Radwin and D’Attilio's (1976)

MUREX SHELLS OF THE WORLD. (Note: Inadvertently, the schematic Figure 92 on Page 148
in Radwin and D'Attilio is wrongly referred to F.(C.) erosa. It should read

F. (C. ) alveata. )

Both species have the family character of scabrous cords revolving on each
whorl interrupted by their varices. In the Muricinae genus Favartia the most common
number of spiral cords on the spire is two. On the final or body whorl the number

is variable and ranges from 4 to 7 depending on the species.

F. (C.) alveata has 5 cords on the body whorl and two on the broad canal. The
apertural varix as well as the one opposite (to the left of the aperture) are largest.
This dorso-ventral flattening is one of the characteristics of the subgenus Caribzella .
Figure 5 shows the final and penultimate varices and the intervarical area between
them. A more enlarged detail view of the spiral cords is noted in Figure 6. The
scabrous segments of each cord are fluted, raised strongly in relief, bowl-like with
scalloped edges, each bowl-form segment narrower at its contact with the one below.
These interesting forms, with no two ever exactly alike or mechanically symmetrical,
are also finely axially striate (incremental growth lines). Tbe striae continue
between the cords in the depressed inter-cord areas.

Page 75

Vol . XX(8) 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Figures 5 and 6. F. ( C .) alveata. (5) SDNHM 42853,
specimen shown in Figures 1 and 2. Detail of area
between the final and penultimate varices. (6) Detail
of the spiral cords in a 10.6 mm L specimen from
Fortaleza, Brazil in the Roland Houart collection.

Favartia ( Caribiella erosa) (Figures 3 and 4) has a more elongate shell with a
relatively longer body whorl than F. (C.) alveata. It has 6 to 7 cords on the body
whorl with an additional 1 or 2 cords on the canal area. The intervarical area on
the body whorl is shown in detail in Figure 7 illustrating the form of the 6 cords. A
further enlarged detail of part of this same area is shown in Figure 8.

Figures 7 and 8. F. (C.) erosa. SDNHM 23327,
specimen shown in Figures 3 and 4. (7) detail of

the intervarical area on the body whorl (8) a
further enlarged detail of the same area.

Page 76

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX (8) 1988

Though examined visually (without magnification) the sculpture of the cords
appears the same for both species, a microscopic view shows the lack of any bowl-
like or cove-formed scales in F. (C.) erosa. The sculptural relief of each segment
of the cords is very weakly scale-like and distinctly different from that of F. ( C .)
alveata. The weak form of the cord structures results also in the slightly undulate
character of the varices in F. (C.) erosa in contrast to the more strongly undulate
scabrous lamellae of the varices in F. (C.) alveata.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Specimens studied for this paper are from the San Diego Natural History Museum
collection and the private collections of Rolant Houart of Belgium and Jules and
Carole Hertz of San Diego. The photographs were kindly provided by David K. Mulliner.

CLUB NEWS

FROM THE MINUTES - SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB MEETING - JULY 21, 1988

After President Bill Romer welcomed everyone to the July 21st meeting, Bob Yin
introduced the speaker for the evening, Ralph Ferguson, longtime collector (45 years)
and dealer from Wilmington, California and president of the Long Beach Shell Club.

Ralph Ferguson's program featured a fascinating show and tell of trawled species
from off our coast; a program supercharged with his refreshing sense of humor and
ability to tell anecdotes. He held his audience spellbound with an eye-catching array
of west coast shell species. Each one came with a story; memories of a young bare-
foot boy walking the docks in Eureka, exploring crab boats, nets and lobster traps
looking for overlooked shells. Ralph told of his obsession for collecting the odd
and the unusual such as a sculpturesque glass sponge from 400 fathoms off Crescent
City, Oregon and an eight-legged seastar.

During the coffee break, with the cookies provided by Wayne Reed, the audience
had the opportunity to examine, close-up, some of the favorites in Ralph's collection.

During the business portion of the meeting, members were reminded that we are
still seeking volunteers for committees for the COA meeting in San Diego next year.
Interested members should contact Don Pisor (279-9342).

The theme and menu for the September party to be held at the home of Toni and
Larry Buck will be Mexican. The party will be held on Saturday evening, September 17th
beginning at 6:00 P.M. The menu was outlined and members signed up for their menu
contribution. The signup sheet will be passed again at the August meeting.

A mini-program at the very end of the meeting, was presented by Adrian Valli
who shared with us some exquisite shell specimens he found at Punta Chivato in
Baja California, including an unusually large giant Fusinus dupetithouarsi , a mag-
nificent white spindle.

The door prize was won by Barbara Myers.

Wayne Reed, Recording Secretary

Vol . XX(8) 1988

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Page 77

EARLY CONCHOLOGISTS IN BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO

BY

HELEN DUSHANE

10512 El Soneto, Whittier, California 90605

We know the exploration of new lands invites the zealous, the rascal, the
eccentric, and the amateur, who, by his explorations, hopes to be recognized in
the scientific world. The following four men were no exception; one was a zealot,
two were rascals, one was an amateur hoping to gain scientific recognition, and all
four were eccentrics.

It is common knowledge that the first conchologists on the peninsula of Baja
California, Mexico were the Indians who collected mollusks for food and for personal
adornment. Few know of the following four men who contributed scientific knowledge
of the peninsular molluscan fauna to our literature (DuShane, 1971).

FRANCISCO EUSEBIO KINO

The Jesuit priest, Francisco Eusebio Kino, proved that Baja California was not
an island as had been previously thought. He noted that the Pima Indians on the
mainland of Mexico used the certain blue, iridescent shells of Ealiotis fulgens as
drinking cups and other useful objects as well as for pendants. They said the
shells were obtained through trade with Indians to the west. In 1684, while in the
vicinity of Comondu (at approximately 26^03 'N; 1120l7'W) he observed the aborigines
using a certain blue shell he had seen being utilized by the Pimas. When questioned
they always pointed to the Pacific Ocean, a trip they stated of several days over
high mountains with no mention of a waterway. This information confirmed his con-
clusion that Alta and Baja California were a continuous land mass, with no water
separating them. It was many years before maps were changed to agree with Father
Kino's conclusions. His work reflects the earliest historical record of shell
collecting on the West Coast. It is a curious fact that not one shell has ever been
named to honor his memory (DuShane, 1971).

JOSE LONGINOS MARTINEZ

In 1786, Charles III of Spain created the Botanical Expedition which carried
Jo se^ Longinos Martinez as naturalist of the Expedition from Mexico City to San Diego,
California, by way of Baja California. He began his journey north from Cape San
Lucas in 1792 (Baily, 1945). He traveled a route which carried him from mission to
mission encumbered with an escort of five military men, pack animals carrying pro-
visions, equipment for the preservation of specimens, and a tent. At most places he
had to make camp in the open, preparing any specimens he may have collected during
the day, writing letters and making notes in his Journal (Simpson, 1938).

Longinos listed his collection under a heading he called The Three Kingdoms of
Nature. To show how scientifically incompetent he was one must read an excerpt from
his Journal. "Those animals which might yield some profit are... nacre shells,
abalone, (auriculares) , mother-of-pearl, for the same; and pearls, which rightfully
have the reputation of being abundant along the coast of the gulf as far as the port
of San Luis." (The port of San Luis to which he refers is known today as Bahia San
Luis Gonzaga.) "Shellfish is very abundant and I have collected more than 300
species." Whether the specimens were collected on the Pacific or on the Gulf of
California side of the peninsula Longinos neglects to state, nor does our scientist
tell us what he did with the specimens.

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Vol . XX(8) 1988

In a few of his Journal entries he gives us small insights into the natural
wonders he was encountering, but he never tells enough as, "At San Luis [not Bahia
San Luis Gonzaga on the Gulf of California side of the peninsula, but Mission San
Luis Gonzaga situated in the southern portion of the peninsula] there are. . . a great
vein of caracoles [sea snails] and other petrified products of the sea, agatized and
mineralized." Again, "At the latitude of San Ignacio, near the Gulf coast, among
some high volcanic hills called Las Virgenes, in the territory that surrounds them,
and in the adjacent hills, one f inds ... caracoles , shells of all descriptions, and
petrified marine bodies, so that the diversity of the stones makes the rough and
broken character of the country delightful." (Simpson, 1938).

At San Bor ja (near the Bahia del Los Angeles), on the gulf side of the penin-
sula, he collected enough shells to send a shipment to the archbishop of Seville.

The great conchologists of the nineteenth century had not yet allocated shells into
genera and species so it is doubtful if Longinos knew the names of the specimens he
sent. In the years since his Expedition, however, two shells have been named for
him: Cardita (Cyclocardia) longino Baily, 1945, and Epitonium ( Asperiscala )
longinosamm Du Shane, 1970.

Longinos died of tuberculosis in Campeche in 1803. We can wish he had left us

a complete legacy of knowledge concerning his traveling and collecting in Baja

California during this poorly known era.

✓

JANOS XANTUS (LOUIS VESEY)

Biographies of early field naturalists are extremely rare and that of Janos
Xantus is no exception. Born of Greek parents, October 5, 1825, he emigrated to the
United States in 1851. Although he rose from obscurity to fame, his failure to keep
a diary and his proneness to exaggeration have prevented a precise study of his life
and collections. Henry Miller Madden (1949) made the best attempt at ferreting the
truth from a welter of conflicting testimony regarding this man. Xantus served in
the United States Army under the assumed name of Louis Vesey for a period of more
than three years, but Army routine galled him. During his stint in the Army he was
recommended to Dr. Spencer Fullerton Baird, then Assistant Secretary of the
Smithsonian Institution, as an indefatigable collector of scientific specimens.
Through correspondence they formed a close personal friendship.

Baja California was terra incognita at that time and Baird was intrigued by
Xantus' request to explore the peninsula. One wonders in the face of such obstacles
as poor communication, slow travel, lack of reference material, and complete igno-
rance of certain localities how Xantus came to desire to collect in Baja California.
He wrote, " I think there is hardly any spot on the North Americain continent, which
would reward more a collector's trouble, as the Vermillion Sea and environs. That
Region forms something like a connecting link between the U.S. and Central American
zoology, & is almost unknown." (Madden, 1949). Baird suggested that Xantus accept
a post in the Coast Survey as an observer of tides in Baja California. This sug-
gestion was agreeable to Xantus who sailed from San Francisco March 14, 1859, on the
bark Wilhelm Kirchner. Four days later they reached Guadalupe Island. The captain
agreeably landed a boat on the island and the now happy naturalist spent several
hours there collecting. This is the first recorded scientific exploration of
Guadalupe Island.

Arriving at Cape San Lucas on April 4, 1859, he set up his camp in a remote
spot seven miles from the small village of San Lucas, near where Rancho El Tule is
now. He immediately began appraising the area from the standpoint of collecting
specimens and wrote to Baird with zeal and enthusiasm concerning the general ecology.
He regretted not having a camera, being one of the first scientists to realize the
value of this aid in recording nature. Probably Xantus ranged no farther than
seventy-five miles from his station during the two year stay at the Cape, since
his duties with the Coast Survey whould have precluded his traveling further. There
were two digressions from this schedule: July and August 1860 when he was at Todos

Vol . XX(8) 1988

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Page 79

Santos on the west side of the peninsula, and one trip to Mazatlan in June and July
1861. It is interesting to note that Xantus absented himself from the Cape during
the hottest months although he reported that the temperature scarcely changed five
or six degrees between summer and winter, but that the wind blew all the time — a
gross exaggeration! That Janos Xantus was an ambitious field collector cannot be
doubted. One can only wish he had been more careful in estimating distances since
he was inclined to overestimate the distances of his excursions from the Cape, his
labels were indefinite and some of the locality names attributed to specimens taken
by him have changed over the years.

Eventually the Coast Survey personnel were displeased with the discrepant
reports made by Xantus and on July 28, 1861, the station was officially closed.

After a conference with Baird in Washington, Xantus returned to his native Hungary.

As an illustration of his arrogance Xa'htus had his protrait painted wearing
the uniform of a lieutenant of the United States Navy. For a man who rebelled at
regimentation imposed on him by the Army, it is amazing to find him standing for a
portrait in a uniform of a branch of the service he never knew. He died December 13,
1894, at his home in Budapest, Hungary.

Conchology is certainly richer for having the type specimens collected by Xantus
housed in the Smithsonian Institution, with duplicates in the Hungarian National
Museum, The Royal Hungarian Society of Natural Sciences in Budapest, and the Academy
of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. However, Xantus, as well as Longinos, often
made erroneous statements. Each went out of his way to make claims for things seen
and distances traveled which no one at that time could refute.

Molluscan Species Named in Honor of Janos Xantus

Mittha xantusi (Dali, 1905). A rare shell, most specimens having been dredged off
Cape San Lucas in 30 or more fathoms.

Conus xanthious Dali, 1910.

Epitonium xantusi Dali, 1917. From Dali's description and notes it appears Xantus
collected this species at Cape San Lucas. [Synonym of AspevisoaZa aoapuZoana
(Dali, 1917)1.

CycZostrema xantusi Bartsch, 1907.

Crassispira xanti Hertlein and Strong, 1951. Type locality, Cape San Lucas Bay.

BuZimus xantusi Binney, 1860. (terrestrial mollusk)

BuZimuZus veseyianus Dali, 1893. This land shell was named by Dali in honor of Mr. J.
Xantus de Vesey. This appears to be the first and only instance of an author
using the assumed name of Xantus for a new species.

CHARLES RUSSELL ORCUTT

Born in Vermont April 27, 1864, Charles Russell Orcutt came to San Diego in
1879 as a lad of fifteen years. His father maintained a horticultural nursery on
the outskirts of San Diego and Orcutt made his first trips into Baja California with
such men as botanists C.C. Parry and C.G. Pringle. Soon the rich molluscan fauna of
the outer coast of Baja California began to intrigue the young Orcutt. Even with
little education he had an instinctive and searching interest in the natural sciences
which led him to explore such places as El Sauzal, Punta Banda, and San Quintxn.
Motivated by an anxiety to do something that would be important in a scientific way
he once went to San Quintin Bay and gathered what is probably the largest collection
of fossils that has ever been made from that area and shipped them, at his own
expense, to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.

It was probably through the friendships of Parry and Pringle that he began to
realize the need for a scientific journal in conchology. In 1884 he commenced pub-
lication of The West American Scientist , and continued it, somewhat sporadically
into 1921. It contained about 180 numbers in 22 volumes. A life subscription was
ten dollars and yearly subscriptions were one dollar or ten cents an issue. Coan
(1966) states that the most nearly complete set of this work is in the library of

Page 80

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Vol . XX(8) 1988

The San Diego Society of Natural History. Eugene Goan (1966) did an admirable
collation of The West American Scientist; admirable because Orcutt occasionally
started a new volume number before the previous one had been completed. Volume XI
was started before Volume X was complete. Volume XXI follows Volume XXII. Many
issues have no Table of Contents. SometimeiS he repeated page numbers in succeeding
issues (DuShane, 1971). In addition, the cover of Volume III, no. 32 reads,

"Volume IV " (Orcutt, 1887). One of his later numbers was printed on the back of
wallpaper. Without apparent warning to his subscribers Orcutt ceased publication
of his journal between March 1892 and July 1893, a period of fifteen months.

Not content with publishing one scientific journal, Orcutt extended his efforts
to include a periodical he called West American Mollusca, consisting of 13 issues
which appeared from 1900 to 1902(7). His California Art and Nature also had articles
on mollusks of Baja California and appeared in 1901 and 1902 with 12 issues.

As the years passed, Orcutt became more involved with conchology and less with
botany. His place smelled so badly of rotting animals within the shells that the
neighbors complained. The later numbers of his journal contain articles of real
interest to conchologists . This is particularly true of three lists of mollusks
collected in Baja California at Lagoon Head, Santo Domingo Landing, east of Cedros
Island (Orcutt, 1900) and of Pleistocene fossil mollusks from San Quintin Bay
(Orcutt, 1921) as well as his Magdalena Bay List (Orcutt, 1918).

About this time (1883), he met Henry Hemphill, a bricklayer and amateur con-
chologist who resided in San Diego and it was natural that they should be drawn to
one another. Together they made a trip (1884) to the bed of the Santo Tomas River,
about 30 miles south of Ensenada. They collected land snails but Orcutt never
published a list of what they obtained.

In 1888 Orcutt explored San Quintin Bay and collected Aomaea scabra3 Chlorostoma
funebrales 3 littorina planaxis 3 Lottia gigantea and Pallochiton lanuginosa (Orcutt,
1896). Twenty-five years passed before Orcutt told of his experiences on this trip
(Orcutt, 1921). "The main portion of the bay is bordered with banks of sand and
fossil shells, varied on the ocean side by an ancient lava flow, in places underlaid
and overlaid with stratas containing shells. . .countless thousands of Eaminoea olgae
Dali strewed the beach. Two or three hundred pounds of the fossils were collected
and some years later were sent to the American Museum of Natural History (New York
City)." ^

In 1889 Orcutt visited the beach at Santo Tomas and mentioned the collection
and sale of abalone by the Chinese. The shells sold at from $25. to $30. a ton and
dried abalone meat brought $110. a ton.

Orcutt sometimes went off without even a blanket, eating with Indian groups he
encountered and sleeping on the ground. He mentioned that one of the Indians at
Todos Santos Bay (Ensenada) was wearing only a pair of red mittens! At one point he
mentioned having little for breakfast, no lunch and a supper of griddle cakes and
melted pinoche (Orcutt, 1893).

In 1889 Orcutt took a small steamer which landed him at Lagoon Head, approxi-
mately 325 miles south of San Diego. Sometimes known as Morro Santo Domingo, just
north of Guerrero Negro, it is directly east of Cedros Island. Here he found a few
Indian pearl hunters with whom he contrived to take most of his meals, scanty though
they were. He reported a menu of:

Breakfast: black coffee, no sugar, tortillas, clams

Dinner: ditto

Supper: ditto. Occasionally a stewed fish varied the diet.

He commented on the abundance of Peeten aequisculcatus 3 Venus simillima} Dosinia
ponderosa3 Laevicardium elatum3 Area species, Amiantis eallosa3 Anomia peruviana3
Cypraea spadicea3 Choromytilus palliopunetatus and Pedipes unisuleata (Orcutt, 1900).

In 1917 Orcutt took the longest trip of all into Baja California territory.

He left San Diego by boat and landed on Magdalena Island where he spent a month
collecting some 400 species of mollusks and fossil shells. Dali identified 64 species
and described 3 new species (Dali, 1918). He spent one day on nearby Isla Margarita
collecting land shells (Orcutt, 1918).

Vol . XX(8) 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 81

By April 1888, Orcutt had already spoken with some 50 individuals regarding
the promotion of a west American museum that would contain the results of research,
be a custodian of records and a factor in public education. In The West American
Scientist VII, for August he made a plea for his plans, "The little collections,
originally displayed on a tea plate, have grown to too large proportions for one
pair of hands.... The work calls for many hands and greater means to render the
greatest results, in benefits to mankind, attainable."

Today, Orcutt' s specimens no longer exist as a major collection. Some of the
material accessioned under "Orcutt Estate" is at the San Diego Natural History
Museum (pers. comm. E.C. Wilson, 1967*). The California Academy of Sciences pur-
chased a small amount and the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University pur-
chased the Magdalena Bay collection. Most of the material was sold by C.L. Cass, a
private collector and dealer. This material has been scattered or lost.

Orcutt died in Haiti in 1929 at the age of 65 years. He retained throughout
his lifetime the characteristics of a New Englander, shrewd, thrifty to the point of
being penurious, never forgetful of a slight, yet generous to a fault with those he
admired or wished to help.

Molluscan Species Named in Honor of Charles Russell Orcutt

Fossils

Coralliochama orcutti White, 1885 (?)
Macro oaVlista orcutti Dali, 1918
Sanguinolaria orcutti (Dali, 1921)

Marine Species

Chlamy do concha orcutti Dali, 1884
Epitonium orcuttianum Dali, 1917
Caecum orcutti Dali, 1885
Barleeia orcutti Bartsch, 1920
Bankia orcutti Bartsch, 1923
Acmaea triangularis orcutti Pilsbry,
Fusinus (?) orcutti Dali, 1915
Mitra orcutti Dali, 1920
Coralliophila orcuttiana (Dali, 1919)
Odostomia orcutti Bartsch, 1917
Macron orcutti Dali, 1918

Land Species

Epiphragmophora orcutti Dali, 1900
Eucalodium orcutti Dali, 1910
Pupa orcutti Pilsbry, 1891 (nomena nuda)
Amnicola orcutti Pilsbry, 1928
Micrarionta harperi orcuttiana Bartsch, 1937
[new name for Sonorella baileyi orcutti
Bartsch, 1904 not Epiphragmophora orcutti
Dali, 1900]

1891

Fresh Water Species
Unio orcutti Wright

Molluscan Species Named by Orcutt

Haliotis corrugata var. diegoensis Orcutt, 1900
Ealiotis cracherodi bonita Orcutt, 1900
Haliotis cracherodi rosea Orcutt, 1900

LITERATURE CITED

BAILY , J.L.
1945.

COAN, E.

1966.

DALL, W.H.

1918.

DUSHANE, H.

1970.

1971.

JR.

Cardita ( Cyclocardia ) longini3 new name f oxV enericardia ( Cyclocardia )
nodulosa Dali, 1919. Nautilus 58 (4) : 118-120 . (Apr. 1945),

Charles Russell Orcutt, pioneer Californian malacologist , and "The West
American Scientist." Trans. SDSNH 14(8):85-96 (Apr. 29, 1966).

Pleistocene fossils of Magdalena Bay, Lower California collected by
Charles Russell Orcutt. Nautilus 32:23-26.

Five new epitoniid gastropods from the west coast of the Americas.
Contrib. in Sci. LACM CLXXXV:1,2 (Apr. 17, 1970).

The Baja California travels of Charles Russell Orcutt. Baja Calif.
Travel Ser. Vol. 23. Dawson'sBook Shop, Los Angeles, California, 75 pp.
13 photographs, 1 map.

-'Curator, Invertebrate Paleontology, San Diego Natural History Museum, presently in
the same capacity at the Natural History Museum, Los Angeles County.

Page 82

THE FESTIVUS

Vol. XX(8) 1988

MADDEN, M.M.

1949. Xantus, Hungarian naturalist in the pioneer west. Thesis, Columbia
University. 312 pp. , illus.

ORCUTT, C.R.

1887. The West American Scientist, III (July)

1893. Ibid. VIII : 76 (Oct.)

1896. Ibid. X: 1 (Nov.)

1900. Ibid. X: 26-27 (Mar.); XI: 74-76 (Aug.)

1918a Ibid. XXII: 8 (Apr.)

1918b Helix areolata. Nautilus 32(2): 55-58 (Oct. 22)

1921. The West American Scientist. XIX:17-20 (Apr. 27); XXII:18-20 (Apr. 27);
XXI : 21-24 (June 15)

SIMPSON, L.B.

1938. California in 1792. The expedition of Jose' Long inos Martinez, translated
by Lesley Byrd Simpson, San Marino, California 111 pp., illus., map.

(The original manuscript of the Longinos Journal is in the Huntington
Library, San Marino, California.

A REPORT ON THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WESTERN SOCIETY OF MALACOLOGISTS

BY

JULES HERTZ

3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave. , San Diego, California 92111

The Western Society of Malacologists (WSM) held their 21st annual meeting,

July 17-21, 1988, at Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California. There were
three days of papers including two symposia and assorted contributed papers. The
meeting started with a wine and cheese reception sponsored by the Northern California
Malacozoological Society followed by an evening slide presentation by Don Shasky and
Kirstie Kaiser. Slides were shown of last year's WSM meeting and animal and under-
water slides from Cocos Island and the Galapagos Islands.

The first symposium. Biogeography and Evolution of Molluscan Fauna of the
Galapagos Islands, included 12 papers on very diverse subjects relating to the
Galapagos such as El Nino effects on fishes, paleontological studies, molluscan faunal
studies, and some historical aspects of the islands. Jack Stein Grove of the Los
Angeles County Museum of Natural History gave an outstanding presentation entitled,

"El Nino 1982-83 and New Records of Indo-West Pacif ic '.Fishes at the Galapagos." He
recorded the first sightings of five species of Indo-West Pacific fishes in the eastern
Pacific at the Galapagos following the 1982-83 El Nino. Another extremely interesting
paper, presented by Mitchell M. Colgan, University of California, Santa Cruz, was
"The Urvina Bay Uplift: Biological and Paleontological Implications." This paper dis-
cussed studies of an area along the west-central coast of Isabella Island which was
suddenly uplifted in March 1954.

The second day was devoted to the symposium, Molluscan Herbivore-Plant Inter-
actions and to a number of contributed papers. Much of the work presented at the
second symposium was part of PhD studies and it was encouraging to hear presentations
from this delightful group of young future scientists.

Vol. XX(8) 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 83

Before the final day of contributed papers, we took a break and went on an ex-
tended day of field trips. Starting at 8:30 A.M. we took a short trip to Whittacker
Bluffs in the northwestern corner of Marin County where we were shown a small outcrop
of rocks from the Late Pliocene belonging to the 'Merced* Formation ( now officially
known as the Wilson Grove Fm.). After viewing these rocks and some of the items that
had been taken from there in the past, the trip continued to Bodega Bay. There we
walked on the extensive exposure of sand flats, and were able to dig and screen a
number of animals from what appeared to be a muddy desert. This was followed by poking
around at the rocky outcropping at Horseshoe Cove adjacent to the Bodega Marine
Laboratory and an exciting find by Annette M. Olson of one of the algas on which she
was working in Oregon. After a box lunch, the group was given an extensive tour of
the Bodega Marine Laboratory and were able to view the R&D activities on aquaculture
of lobsters, oysters, and mussels. We then completed the field trip with a tour of
the Korbel Champagne Cellars and an evaluation of various champagnes. The latter pre-
pared us for an evening of feverish bidding at the annual WSM auction of molluscan
specimens and literature.

Hank Chaney served as auctioneer and did an outstanding job of selling. His
storytelling, pleading, and cajoling entertained us all and resulted in some spirited
bidding. Even some of the professional got caught up in the excitement of the bidding
and provided some of the most humorous and memorable moments. George Kennedy con-
ducted the reprint sale and this added significantly to the evening's entertainment.

The final day of contributed papers covered a variety of both Recent and fossil
molluscan subjects. Of particular interest was a paper by Sandra M. Gardner, San
Jose State University entitled, "A New Vermetid from Mexico." This described finding
of a new species of vermetid on encrusted Ancistvomesus mexioanus3 the giant limpet
from Mexico.

In addition to the 36 papers presented, we had some additional evening events
which were highly interesting and entertaining. Mr. Dave Nagle from the Sonoma County
Sheriff's Department spoke on their diver rescue program accompanied by many inter-
esting slides. A second evening's entertainment was provided by Joe Mueller, a Sonoma
State University biology graduate student, who showed spectacular slides of the marine
invertebrate fauna from Monterey to Salt Point. The final event was the traditional
banquet held at the River Cafe, a beautiful old Victorian home in Petaluma which
had been moved to a picturesque setting.

Matt James, of Sonoma State University, the WSM President and organizer of the
Galapagos symposium, can be extremely proud of having put together a very fine program
of papers and events.

During the meeting there were extensive discussions, formal and informal, con-
cerning the status of the molluscan collection at the San Diego Museum of Natural
History. It was announced that the American Malacological Union (AMU) at its annual
meeting in Charleston, South Carolina, had passed a resolution to submit a petition
to the Board of Trustees of the San Diego Museum of Natural History which urged the
Board of Trustees "to honor the bequest of Dr. Joshua L. Baily, Jr., who clearly in-
tended to support mulluscan studies at the San Diego Museum of Natural History."

The petition urged the immediate establishment of a Curatorship of Mollusks and re-
commended that it be known as the Joshua L. Baily Chair of Malacology. The WSM mem-
bership approved a similar petition at the Sonoma meeting, and it too is being sent
to the Board of Trustees of the San Diego Museum of Natural History. Signees of the
two petitions include most of the professional malacologists of the United States.

It was announced that the WSM will have its next meeting in Los Angeles in
conjunction with the AMU. It will be held June 25-30, 1989 at the Davidson Conference
Center of the University of Southern Chlifornia. It is being co-chaired by AMU
president-elect Dr. James H. McLean and WSM president-elect Dr. Hans Bertsch.

Further information can be obtained by writing either Dr. Bertsch or Dr. McLean, Los
Angeles County Museum of Natural History, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007.

'

•

■

ISSN: 0738-9388

&lf 4tHEEESTIVUS

V^vX i_ l • F A publication of the San Diego Shell Club

Volume: XX September 8, 1988 Number: 9

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor

Photographer

Bill Romer
Bob Yin
Jules Hertz
Wayne Reed
Margaret Mulliner

Carole M. Hertz
David K. Mullxner

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SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
R. Tucker Abbott

American Malacologists 3 Inc.

Eugene Coan

Research Associate

California Academy of Sciences

Anthony D'Attilio

Associate

San Diego Natural History Museum

William K. Emerson

American Museum of Natural History

Terrence M. Gosliner

California Academy of Sciences

James H. McLean

Los Angeles County Museum

of Natural History

Barry Roth

Research Associate

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily H. Vokes
Tulane University

The Festivus is published monthly except

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M., December. The publication date appears
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park on the masthead above.

COME TO THE MEXICAN FIESTA

Saturday, September 17th
at the home of Toni and Larry Buck
(See details and map on the last page.)

There will be no regular meeting this month.

CONTENTS

Club news 85

The radula of Ceratostoma (Neogastropoda: Muricidae) in West America

SHI-KUEI WU 86

Wesley M. Farmer's remarkable art: an introduction

WAYNE REED 89

Synthetic sea life

WESLEY M. FARMER 90

Map and details for September party for detaching

Page 85

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(9) : 1988

CLUB NEWS

ANNUAL MEETINGS, LOS ANGELES, 25-30 JUNE 1989: THE WESTERN SOCIETY OF MALACOLOGISTS

AND THE AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL UNION

The 55th annual meeting of the AMU and the 22nd annual meeting of the WSM will
be a combined meeting, June 25-30, 1989, held in Los Angeles, California, at the
Davidson Conference Center of the University of Southern California. Facilities
at the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History will also be used for some of
the scheduled events.

Two full days of symposia are planned. One, on Systematics and Evolution
of Western North American Land Mollusks, convened by F.G. Hochberg and Barry Roth,
and one on Pelagic Gastropods convened by Roger R. Seapy. There will also be a
shorter session on Scaphopod Biology convened by Ronald L. Shimek.

One auction is to be held by the WSM. Field trips for collecting marine,
land, and fossil mollusks will be arranged.

Registration will be Sunday, June 25 in the lobby of the University Hilton with
the presidents’ reception that evening at the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural
History. Four days are available for symposia and scheduled papers, June 26-29. The
annual business meeting and banquet will be Thursday, June 29, with field trips
scheduled for Friday, June 30.

There are to be three choices for housing: the University Hilton, the Vagabond
Motel, and the University dormitories, all very close to the Davidson Conference
Center. A wide selection of restaurants is available in the immediate vicinity and
an optional meal package will be offered through the university.

For further information contact AMU president-elect Dr. James H. Mclean, Los
Angeles County Museum of Natural History, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007
(213-744-3377) or WSM president Dr. Hans Bertsch, at the same address (213-372-4436).

FROM THE MINUTES - SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB MEETING - AUGUST 18, 1988

Bill Romer introduced guest Alan Gettleman, president of Conchologists of
America (COA) who said that next year’s meeting (to be hosted by our Club) will be
the first on the west coast in about eight years. He said that the COA will help
the Ciub in any way it can and will pay all the bills. He added that the COA gives
a trophy to any club having a shell show open to other exhibitors.

Dr. Hugh Bradner, our speaker for the evening, talked on the habitats of
cowries. He told that cowries are normally associated with corals and most are
nocturnal. He showed slides indicating the types of areas to find cypraea. He
said that cowries can be carnivorous or herbivorous while many can’t make up their
minds. Hugh also showed slides of the living animals with their mantles exposed.

Billee Brown brought in a display of blue shells.

After the coffee break, with cookies provided by Marge and Ken Lindahl and
Toni and Larry Buck, the September party was discussed.

Billee Brown

NEW MEMBER

Blair Armstrong, 8009 Calle de la Plata, La Jolla, CA 92037, 459-7463
CHANGES OF ADDRESS

Ernest and Elizabeth Haigh, P.0. Box 1180, Palmdale, CA 93550

Instituut Voor Taxonomische Zoologie, Bibliotheek Ned. Malac. Veren. Postbus 4766,
1009 AT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

John Johnson, H&HS - MATSCo.- 90, ATC School, NATTC, Millington, TN 38054

Vol . XX(9) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 86

THE RADULA OF CERATOSTOMA (NEOGASTROPODA: MURICIDAE) IN WEST AMERICA

BY

SHI-KUEI WU

Campus Box 315, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder, Colorado 80309

Ceratostoma foliatum (Gmelin, 1791)

The Foliated Thorn Purpura, Ceratostoma foliatum , occurs from Alaska to San
Pedro, California, from the shore line down to 64 meters (35 fms) in depth. It
is 51 to 76 mm in length, with 3 large, thin, foliaceous varices per whorl which are
finely fimbriated on the anterior side. Numerous spiral cords are rather prominent
and of various sizes. The siphonal canal is closed, its anterior tip turned up and
to the right. The base of the outer lip has a moderately strong spine. The aperture
is white and the exterior is white to light brown (Abbott, 1974). For figures, see
Abbott's (1974) color Plate 9, Fig. 1937 and Radwin and D'Attilio's (1976) Plate 18,
Figs. 1-2.

Three radulae from a lot at the University of Colorado Museum (UCM No. 14110,
collected by J. Henderson on 11 July 1925 from Deception Pass, Washington State)
were examined. The preparation of radular slides and the radular terminology follow
those of Wu (1965).

The measurements of shell length, apertural length, radular length and width
of rachidian for three radulae were:

Shell length Apertural length Radular length Rachidian length

78.9 mm

78.9

79.2

28 . 2 mm
27.9

28.3

22 mm 170 mji

23 175

24 160

The rachidian is 5-cusped (Figs. 1-3): the central cusp (CC) is long, twice
as long as the lateral cusps (LC) from the anterior view (Fig. 1). However, it seems
almost equal in length to the lateral cusp from the dorsal view (Fig. 3). The lateral
cusps are broad at their base and their tips point outwardly. The medial denticle
(MD) is usually single, stout and short, or occasionally split into 2 or 3, near the
medial side of the lateral cusp. There are 4-6 lateral denticles (LD), usually 5,
and saw- or knob-like. The marginal cusps (MC) are distinct and pointed from the
dorsal view. The anterior basal line (ABL) of the rachidian is concave; the pos-
terior marginal angle (PMA) of the base is rather weak and located under the mar-
ginal cusp from the dorsal view. The anterior side of the central cusp is slightly
projected, forming a slight convexity at the middle.

The lateral tooth is, in general, a sickle form. The shape of the lateral
tooth in the folded condition is slightly different from that of the unfolded
condition (Fig. 3).

Ceratostoma nuttalli (Conrad, 1837)

The Nuttall's Thorn Purpura, Ceratostoma nuttalli 3 occurs at the littoral
shore from Pt. Conception, California to Santa Maria Bay, Baja California, Mexico
(Radwin and D'Attilio, 1976). It is 38 to 51 mm in length, similar to C. foliatum ,
but with much more poorly developed varices, and with one prominent, noduled rib
between each varix. The spine on the outer lip is usually long and sharp. The
exterior is yellowish brown, sometimes spirally banded. The siphonal canal is closed
along its length (Abbott, 1974). For figures, see Abbott's (1974) color Plate 9,

Fig. 1938 and Radwin and D'Attilio's (1976) Plate 18, Fig. 15. This is the type
species of Ceratostoma Herrmannsen, 1846, by monotypy.

Page 87

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Vol . XX(9) : 1988

One radula from a lot at the Los Angeles County Museum (LACM 49-247, collected
by R/V Velero IV, on 4 March 1949, from a cove 1.25 miles (2.01km) south of Cedros
Island lighthouse, Cedros Island, Mexico) was examined. The length of this shell
was 54.2 mm and the animal was a male. The rachidian width is 125 mji. The rachidian
is 5-cusped (Figs. 4-5): the central cusp is slightly longer than that of the
lateral teeth from the anteror view (Fig. 4). However, it seems almost equal in
length from the dorsal view (Fig. 5). The lateral cusps are much broader than the
central cusp in width at their bases and their tips point directly posteriorly.

The medial denticle is single near the base of the lateral tooth and deeply cut.

There are 4 saw-like lateral denticles. The marginal cusps are distinct. The base
of the rachidian is the same as that of Ceratostoma foliation ; however, the posterior
marginal angle of the base is extremely strong and pointed, showing as 2 marginal
cusps from both anterior and dorsal views (Figs. 4 and 5). The lateral tooth is
a generally sickle-shaped tooth.

Discussion

As for the West American faunal constituents of Ceratostoma _, Radwin and
D'Attilio (1976) placed the species lugubre (Broderip) which occurs from Magdalena
Bay, Baja California, Mexico to Guayaquil, Ecuador in the genus Ceratostoma. How-
ever, Keen (1958) and Vokes (1984) placed the species in the genus Oeenebra. Later
Keen (1971) put the species in Ceratostoma. Vokes (1984) and Keen (1971) retain
monooeros (Sowerby) and unicorne (Reeve) in the genus Ceratostoma. However, C.
unioorne was considered a synonym of C. nuttalli and C. monooeros a variety of C.
nuttatli by Tryon (1880).

This paper describes two species of West American Ceratostoma radulae. In
general, the basic radular morphology of C. foliatim and C. nuttalli is similar.

The differences between the two species are: (1) the tip direction of the lateral
cusps, (2) the lengths and bases of the central cusp and its lateral cusps, and
(3) the development of the posterior marginal angle of the base as mentioned earlier
in the above radular description. These differences might be due to size and
individual variation.

The rachidian morphology of Ceratostoma nuttatli described in this paper agrees
well with that of Radwin and D'Attilio (1976:114, Fig. 69) Whether the radulae of
C. lugubre3 C. unioorne and C. monooeros } and those of Ceratostoma in the West
Pacific, i.e. C. bumetti (Adams and Reeve), C. foumieri (Crosse), C. inornatum
(Recluz) and C. rorifluum (Adams and Reeve), agree with American C. foliatum and
C. nuttatli remain to be studied.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author wishes to thank Dr. William K. Emerson and Mr. Walter E. Sage, III,
of the American Museum of Natural History, for their suggestions and reading of this
manuscript, and Dr. James II. McLean, Mr. C. Clifton Coney and Mr. Gale Sphon of
the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, for the loan of specimens of

Ceratostoma nuttalli.

LITERATURE CITED

ABBOTT, R.T.

1974. AMERICAN SEASHELLS Second Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., N.Y., 663 pp.
KEEN, A.M.

1958. SEA SHELLS OF TROPICAL WEST AMERICA. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford,

Calif. 624 pp.

1971. SEA SHELLS OF TROPICAL WEST AMERICA, Second Edition. Stanford Univ.

Press, ca. 1064 pp.

RADWIN, G.E. and A. D'ATTILIO

1976. MUREX SHELLS OF THE WORLD. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, Calif. 284 pp.
TRYON, G.W. JR.

1880. Manual of Conchology, Vol. II Muricidae. Philadelphia, Pa. 289 pp.

Vol . XX(9) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 88

VOKES , E.H.

1984. Comparison of the Muricidae of the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic,
with cognate species. Shells and Sea Life 16:210-215.

WU, S.-K.

1965. Studies of the radulae of Taiwan muricid gastropods. Bull. Inst. Zool.
Academia Sinica 4:95-106.

Figures 1 and 2. Ceratostoma foliatum (Gmelin, 1791). Camera lucida drawings of a
rachidian. (1) anterior view (2) dorsal view.

Figure 3. C. foZiatwn} camera lucida drawing showing dorsal view of rachidian and
lateral teeth.

Figures 4 and 5. Ceratostoma nuttalli (Conrad, 1837). Camera lucida drawings of a
rachidian (4) anterior view (5) dorsal view. Note central cusp slants slightly to
the left side.

The scales of Figures 1-5 are at Figure 3.

Abbreviations to the figures: ABL, anterior basal line; AP , anterior projection of

central cusp; AS, anterior side of rachidian base; CC, central cusp; LC, lateral cusp;
LD, lateral denticle of lateral cusp; LT, lateral tooth; MC, marginal cusp; MD, medial
denticle of lateral cusp; PBL, posterior basal line; PMA, posterior marginal angle of
base.

Page 89

THE FESTIVUS

Vol. XX(9) : 1988

WESLEY M. FARMER'S REMARKABLE ART

AN INTRODUCTION BY
WAYNE REED

107 Murray Street, Chula Vista, California 92010

Wes is no stranger to members of the San Diego Shell Club. As our former
president, his long-standing involvement has richly rewarded us with his presentations
and papers on the colorful kingdom of the opisthobranch. His opisthobranch sculptures
in resin are faithful reproductions of these exotic sea slugs.

Wes has a Ph.D from Columbia Pacific University and an M.S. in zoology from
Arizona State University. An advanced diver, he has served as Junior Scientist aboard
a Scripps Institution of Oceanography research vessel collecting fish and nudibranchs
off central Baja California. His numerous books and publications include SEASHORE
DISCOVERIES, with over 240 of his line drawings.

Some of Wes' early work can be seen at the San Diego Natural History Museum in
a 40-foot underwater diorama depicting the ocean depths. A kelp forest rises from
offshore rocks with a representative marine fauna in a resinous world. As a former
Curator of Exhibits at the Museum, Wes painstakingly created many of the realistic,
lifelike fiberglass fish from molds; a tedious and complex process which few have

the patience or talent to attempt. His reproductions of marine life and his sculp-
tures are in museums and private collection*
the British Royal Family.

Wes' latest accomplishments include
a model of a venomous Conus textile
attacking its prey (Figure 1) and a
living Nautilus pompilius (Figure 2).

Figure 1. Model of Conus textile Linne,
1758, attacking its prey is embedded in
five pounds of polymer.

■ Hi

Figure 2. Model of living Nautilus
pompilius Linne, 1758, held by Wayne Reed.
The sculptured animal can be removed from
the shell.

Vol . XX(9): 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 90

SYNTHETIC SEA LIFE

BY

WESLEY M. FARMER

3591 Ruffin Road #226, San Diego, California 92123

I was introduced to the wonders of sea life by my grandfather and my uncle
during my early years. Later, while a student at Roosevelt Junior High, I discovered
that some of those in the shop class were working with plexiglass laminations, using
color adhesive between the layers and shaping it into heart pendants. It wasn't
long before I got the idea of embedding a small seahorse and salamander in Bio Plastic,
a material produced by Wards Natural Science Establishment, Inc. in Rochester, New
Yojrk. A correspondence course at the Southwestern School of Taxidermy resulted in
a few other creations such as a bluegill fish mount, a barn owl mount and prepared
insects .

My interests in taxidermy found me looking at the exhibits at the San Diego
Natural History Museum and asking questions about the methods of preservation and
restoration of natural history specimens. By the late 1950s I'd become acquainted
with Glen Ives, then a Museum preparator at that institution and we undertook an
exhibit for the Museum encompassing about 150 fish species of southern California.

The exhibit included a synoptic collection as well as a 40-foot underwater diorama.

Our goal was to improve the public's understanding of the adaptations peculiar to
the fish fauna.

Before we could begin molding the fishes, we had to decide exactly what we
wanted as a final product such as which side would be presented for display as well
as what the fish would be "doing" i.e., feeding, turning, conforming to habitat etc.
When this had been determined, the fish could be cleaned of its slime by rubbing alum
onto the surface (taking care not to rub off the scales and other parts for molding).
The slime, if not killed, could give unsatisfactory results in the plaster mold.

Other tedious steps were required in preparing the fishes. Two fins had to be
cut away from the body: the pectoral fin on the display side and the pelvic fin on
the opposite side. The other fins remained intact. In some instances it was desired
to have the mouth open. The oral cavity was quickly filled with thick plaster of
paris to avoid deterioration.

We spent hours preparing the fish to be molded using damp paper hand towels,
straight pins, plaster of paris, polyethylene pan, and vasoline. Placing the alum-
treated fish on damp paper towels and into a container of sand, the fins were pinned
in place. Plaster of paris was poured over the fish, and after making sure the so-
lution had settled into all the undercuts, Glen and I waited half an hour to an hour.
The mold, after being treated with a thin film of separator and thoroughly dried, was
ready for resin and fiber glass. Polyester, epoxy, bioplastics and other resins were
used.

Many other factors had to be taken into consideration in applying the fiber
glass; the amount of catalyst used in the resin, the temperature, the amount of
moisture in the atmosphere, the cutting of the fiber glass cloth, and the continued
brushing. Then, there were the finishing touches such as preparing the eyes of clear
plexiglass plastic. We used countless color photographs of living specimens as a
guide to painting the fish. One of my most successful models was of a large Opah
with its colored resins on the fleshy side and a sagittal section on the other side,
showing all the bones in place.

Following a move to Arizona, I began creating nudibranch sculptures in polymer
resin. I originally made my sea slug sculptures embedded in a resin block such as
the one shown in Figure 1. To date I have made over 200 opisthobranch replicas re-
presenting species found in the waters of San Diego, the Gulf of California, the
Galapagos Islands and Australia.

Page 91

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(9): 1988

Figure 1. Anisodoris nob-ilis MacFarland, 1905,
model in polymer resin. This was an early effort to
make resin gills.

Though my earliest
nudibranch models (made when I
was in high school and still on
exhibit on the lower floor of
the San Diego Natural History
Museum) were made of water clay,
but my later resin models
begin in clay and molds are then
made. The hard resinous product
comes out of the mold. The
number of molds necessary to
recreate each animal depends
on the complexity of the animal.

Recently I designed and
built for Wayne Reed a replica
of a living Chambered Nautilus
which can be removed from the
shell. Since these mollusks
are seldom seen alive, Wayne
thought the model would make an
interesting display and
educational showpiece. Fortu-
nately, Sea World of San Diego is one of the few places where this cephalopod is
kept in captivity. I made several trips to Sea World to observe and sketch this
living fossil swimming in the aquarium. (See Figure 2, p. 89 in this issue.)

Many separate molds had to be made to prepare this modeL As an example, a separate
mold had to be made for each of the of the animal's over 30 tentacles.

Figure 2 is of a model of the
animal of Argonauta argo Linne, 1758
which I made for Martin Schuler,
longtime Club member.

I've always been fascinated
with the various materials on the
market that can be used for making
these replicas. There is a great
deal of personal satisfaction in
converting glass cloth and liquid
polymer resin into a faithful
reproduction of a natural wonder.

Sculpturing sea life is an exciting
challenge.

Figure 2. Model of Argonauta argo made for
Martin Schuler.

1-5 North (or South) to Carmel Valley Road offramp, (Del Mar);
Carmel Valley Road West .6 miles to Via Grimaldi;'

Via Grimaldi North 1/2 block to Via Pisa;

Right on Via Pisa, 7th house on left - 2534 Via Pisa

Park anywhere along street. Larry and Toni Buck 792-5404

Thomas Bros. Map 34, B-5

Carmel

Road

Come to the Mexican Fiesta beginning at 6:00 P.M. on Saturday, September 17th
Come in your best Mexican finery and enjoy a wonderful Mexican dinner complete with
Mexican appetizers, green salad, two kinds of enchiladas, beans, Mexican rice and
brownies, cheescake and coffee. Beer, wine and soft drinks will be provided by the
Club. There will be Mexican music and a pinata will be filled with shells.

It will be a great party with good friends, so if you want to come and
have not yet been contacted, call either Larry and Toni Buck (792-5404) or
Carole Hertz (277-6259) to find out which menu item you can bring.'

For those attending, remember to bring the following: your menu contribution
with serving utensil; eating utensils (plates and cups will be provided); and if
you can bring a lawn chair, it would be helpful,
i Hasta la Fiesta Mejicana!

■

| T H E FESTIVUS

A publication of the San Diego Shell Club

ISSN: 0738-9388

Ql
•Ho i

Veil

Volume: XX

October 13, 1988

Number: 10

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor

Photographer

Bill Romer
Bob Yin
Jules Hertz
Wayne Reed
Margaret Mulliner

Carole M. Hertz
David K. Mulliner

MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego
Shell Club. Single member: $10.00;
Family membership: $12.00;

Overseas (surface mail): $12.00.

Address all correspondence to the
San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883
Mt. Blackburn Ave. , San Diego, CA 92111
Single copies of this issue: $5.00.
Postage is additional

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
R. Tucker Abbott

American Malacologists3 Inc.

Eugene Coan
Research Associate
California Academy of Sciences
Anthony D'Attilio
Associate

San Diego Natural History Museum

William K. Emerson

American Museum of Natural History

Terrence M. Gosliner

California Academy of Sciences

James H. McLean

Los Angeles County Museum

of Natural History

Barry Roth

Research Associate

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily H. Vokes
Tulane University

The Festivus is published monthly except

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M., December. The publication date appears
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park on the masthead above.

PROGRAM

"Waiter, There's a Bug in My Clam"

Craig Cary, graduate student at Scripps Institution of Oceanography will give an
illustrated presentation on bivalves containing symbiotic bacteria.

Mini-Program

Carole and Jules Hertz will give a brief slide show on the recent annual meeting of

the Western Society of Malacologists

Meeting date: October 20, 1988

CONTENTS

Club news 93

The role of the amateur in the development of malacology in the western
United States

EUGENE V. COAN 94

Update on mollusks with Indo-Pacific faunal affinities in the tropical
eastern Pacific — VIII

DONALD R. SHASKY 104

Recent findings of Chlamys hastata (Sowerby, 1843) in its southern range limit

G.L. BUCK 106

Announcement of position in malacology at the Santa Barbara Museum of

Natural History 107

Page 93

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(10) 1988

CLUB NEWS

PUBLICATION RECEIVED

THE SJOLIE-HUTSELL GUIDE TO RETAIL PRICES FOR MARINE SHELLS OF THE WEST COAST
NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA
By Linda L. Sjolie-Hutsell 1988.

Published by Sjolie-Hutsell, P.O. Box 86835, San Diego, CA 92138
76 pages, unpaginated
Price: $14.50

As stated in the introduction, this price guide covers species found from
Washington to Panama and "was compiled from a cross-section of mail-order lists sent
out by retail specimen dealers and lists prices for fine to gem quality specimens...."
The author further notes that an effort was made to ensure current, correct classi-
fications of the entries. Four appendices are included for quick reference to genera
within the families. Genera and species are listed alphabetically within families
with generalized localities and "relative value" of the entries.

A copy was kindly donated to the Club library by the author and will be
available for circulation at the October meeting.

THE CLUB'S ANNUAL CHRISTMAS DINNER PARTY

The Club Christmas party will be on Saturday evening December 3rd at the
Admiral Kidd Club in the San Diego Room overlooking the water. Entree choices are:

Roast prime rib of beef with baked potato $14.50

Fillet of sole stuffed with crab served with wild rice 13.60

The meal includes salad, rolls and butter, green vegetable and coffee or tea. The
dinner price includes tax and gratuity and the Club will provide the dinner wine.

Paid reservations must be received by the November meeting (November 17). The first
fifty reservations will be those accepted.

THE ANNUAL SEPTEMBER PARTY— A MEXICAN FIESTA

It could very well have been a zesty fiesta on a veranda somewhere on the tierra
caliente, but in reality it was our Mexican party held at the splendid home of Toni
and Larry Buck in Del Mar.

Toni and Larry hosted our annual September party with all the gusto and flavor
of Old Mexico. Club members joined together to help create what was undoubtedly one
of the best south-of-the-border potlucks this side of the Sierra Madre. Tasty
enchiladas, frijoles, tacos, salads, snappy salsas and guacamole dips in conch shells
greeted the palates of all those who were lucky enough to attend. The distinctive
atmosphere of the evening was made all the more realistic by those who showed up in
their Mexican finery. Background party music included five-string guitars, Veracruz
trumpets, and the ubiquitous mariachi (in stereo, of course)!

The lighter side of the evening included all those probing swings at a shell-
filled pinata. And Larry Buck invited folks inside to see his terrific self-
collected shell specimens. The Club thanks the Bucks for their great hospitality.

Wayne Reed

NEW MEMBERS

Anderson, Roland, Seattle Aquarium, Pier 59, Waterfront Park, Seattle, WA 98101
Jackson, Ellen and John, 11448 Rolling Hills Dr., El Cajon, CA 92020

Vol . XX(10) 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 94

THE ROLE OF THE AMATEUR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MALACOLOGY

IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES

BY

EUGENE V. COAN

Research Associate, Department of Invertebrate Zoology,

California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118

'•'00

[a paper delivered to the meeting of the American Malacological Union, Charleston,
North Carolina, 20 June 1988, Symposium on the History of Malacology]

The theme I pursue in this talk is that the amateur has played a particularly
significant role in the development of the science of malacology on the west coast
of the United States, this for a variety of reasons, some unique. I'll outline the
reasons for this involvement and its chief personalities. Then, I'll explain why I
think that the role of the amateur has declined in recent years, to the detriment of
malacology. However, I will also point out that this situation can be improved.

First, there is the matter of definitions. Here, I encompass within the term
"amateur" all those who are not paid specifically for their work in malacology.

Amateurs thus include some who have had professional-level training but who either
had jobs in other fields, or were sufficiently well off not to have to generate
income by any occupation. The term "non-professional" might be used, but that term
also implies work badly done and that would confuse matters. The term "amateur"
picks up this second meaning only when converted to the adjective "amateurish"
which I have avoided.

Secondly, I would not argue that the western United States is in any way
entirely unique. I am sure that, to some extent, the things I am pointing out are
true on the East Coast of the United States, and in Europe, Australia, New Zealand,
and elsewhere. However, the situation is sufficiently unique on the West Coast to
see clearly some important factors and to draw from them some more universal
conclusions .

The reasons I give for the unusual importance of the amateur in West Coast
malacology are the fact that the fauna was not encumbered by much earlier and
confusing work, that the work on the West Coast remained well grounded in the
methodologies of Europe and the East Coast, that there were frequent compilations and
handbooks that placed important information in the hands of the public, and that there
was a tradition of volunteerism and involvement that characterizes newly settled areas.

The first factor, then, that made a difference was that most of the fauna of
this coast and of the eastern Pacific was not described until after 1850. Thus,
there were few entanglements with confusing early literature in diverse languages
with cryptic descriptions, bad figures, and unobtainable or missing type specimens.

This meant that the fauna was a relatively clean slate. (It remains amazing to me
to see how long the past continued to plague the present in Europe and elsewhere
with endless paragraphs of speculation about what name goes with which species and
with continuing taxonomic questions that should have been solved by locating type
material, by neotype designations, petitions, or arbitrary but clear choices."

Aside from light touches by a few early voyages, the study of malacology on
the West Coast began with the contributions of several key amateurs. The first was
the botanist Thomas Nuttall (Figure 1). On his overland trip to the West Coast in
1834-1836, Nuttall collected many marine mollusks and brought them back to the East
Coast, where they were named by Timothy Abbott Conrad. We'll call Nuttall the West
Coast's first amateur, since his chief interest was botany. He illustrates what has

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been one of the most important roles of amateurs — collecting. He brought back shells
tied, though with some mix-ups, to particular stations on the West Coast. Most of
the types of these taxa are in the British Museum.

The next West Coast amateur was truly unique, for he never visited the West
Coast. That was the Reverend Phillip Pearsall Carpenter (Figure 2). His work in
malacology began with a purchased collection of mollusks from Mazatlan, Mexico, which
he studied in England to provide diversion from his ministerial duties. As time went
by, however, his malacological work took an increasing proportion of his life, but
almost all of his voluminous work on the marine fauna of the eastern Pacific was under-
taken as a hobby, and it came to include three major books and many papers. Almost
all of his species are represented by types in the British Museum, the United States
National Museum, and the Redpath Museum. Carpenter's work illustrated the painstaking
and careful studies that amateurs can conduct. He undertook an amazingly thorough
literature search about the fauna of the eastern Pacific and the western United States,
used comparative material available in Britain, studied the collections of the USNM,
and described many of his new taxa based on suites of specimens, noting variation.

His work was of a level equal to the best professionals of his time, and he drew
conclusions about biogeography and evolution from it.

Figure 1. Thomas Nuttall

Figure 2. Phillip Pearsall Carpenter

:>

The third major amateur was James Graham Cooper (Figure 3), about whom I
prepared a biography a few years ago. He made his living chiefly as a physician. He
participated in one of the Railroad Surveys in the 1850s, on which he collected some
mollusks along with material of other animals and of plants. He settled in California
in the 1860s, working for a while for the California Geological Survey as its zoologist.
During this time, he became increasingly interested in malacology, but after the Survey
died, his interest had to remain at the amateur level while he earned a living in
medicine. He described many taxa from the marine, land, and freshwater faunas, as welx

Vol . XX(10) 1988

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as many fossils, and most of his types are
available for study. His career demon-
strates how difficult it was for dedicated
malacologists to find employment in
biology, even a century ago. He persisted
in spite of the obstacles — as many others
have done since then — to make a major
contribution.

I pause from my description of early
workers to make a second general point about
the character of the work of amateurs on the
West Coast fauna. The work of these early
malacologists was well grounded in the
methodologies of Europe and the East Coast.
These men were not reinventing the wheel
nor were they taking off on bizarre tangents.
They were fairly restrained in proposing new
taxa, particularly genera. They saw the
relationships to previously described taxa
and were as interested in outlining rela-
tionships as in demonstrating differences.

Taxa were tied to type specimens, with
descriptions containing differentiating
characters. Moreover, work on fossil and
Recent material went on hand in hand.

The next amateur that I would like to
feature is Josiah Keep (Figure 4). Although
he was a professor at Mills College, he was
chiefly a teacher of geology and astronomy,
and his work in malacology was as an amateur.
His contribution was as a popular izer. The
handbooks he published, written in a most
engaging manner, were instrumental in inter-
esting the public in malacology. Without
them, West American malacology would probably
have taken a very different path. He also
gave public lectures and a summer marine
biology course at Monterey. Such popular-
izing allowed interested members of the
public to believe that science was within
their understanding, not the remote territory
of high priests.

I will here express my prejudice about
what I call the "mystique of the professional,
which characterizes many fields, including
medicine, law, finance, auto mechanics, and
many sciences. This mystique involves
maintaining that there is a body of infor-
mation and technique that is completely be-
yond the average mortal. Thus, public
awareness and participation is undesirable.

In the case of such professions as medicine,
law, finance, and auto mechanics, the reason
is economic. If the public cut through the
masquerade, over-paid professionals would
have less work. In the case of such sciences
as malacology, the excuses are more subtle

Figure 3. James Graham Cooper

Figure 4. Josiah Keep

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Vol . XX(10) 1988

and have to do with snobbery and the fear
that public involvement will mess things
up. The exclusionary attitude, however,
doesn't help and, in fact, probably makes
things worse by promoting uncoordinated,
competing activity and the proliferation of
inaccurate publications that clutter the
literature.

Of course. West Coast malacology had
had some less-than-completely-helpf ul
amateurs. I have prepared biographical
sketches, bibliographies, and lists of taxa
of two amateurs who made extensive collections
at least partly for sale. Their publications
were not well grounded in science, and the
names that they introduced contain a high
percentage of synonyms. These were Henry
Hemphill (Figure 5), a bricklayer turned
professional collector, and Charles Russell
Orcutt (Figure 6), collector and magazine
editor. Hemphill introduced some 102 names,
of which 66% were unavailable or are now
regarded as synonyms. None of the names
that Orcutt introduced are valid.

However, their material was mostly well
located as to station and was sufficiently
extensive to allow a study of variation. It
was important in acquisition of West Coast
material in institutions throughout the
country. This material was relied upon ex-
tensively by such professionals as Dali and
Pilsbry in their work on the West Coast fauna.

A unique story is that of Ida Oldroyd
(Figure 7). She was an amateur in southern
California, her husband earning a living in
carpentry. She amassed a huge collection,
through her own efforts and extensive
exchange, and, after her husband retired,
she talked Stanford University into acquiring
her material, with her as its curator. Her
chief contribution, in addition to the
collection, was the publication of a set of
four volumes that contained original
descriptions and new illustrations of the
northwest American marine mollusks.

Although it was not very carefully or
critically prepared, it remained the only
comprehensive work on the eastern Pacific
fauna for many years. Such major compilations
as hers served to put the state of current
information in many hands and to stimulate
original work.

For reasons that I don't fully under-
stand, the amateurs who became involved in
the scientific study of malacology on the
West Coast have been an unusually productive

Figure 5. Henry Hemphill

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bunch. I suspect that this was partly an outgrowth of the custom of sharing and
working together that characterizes frontiers generally. For example, some workers
started classes for themselves and worked together to produce their own materials.
Nothing better illustrates this than the effort of John Q. Burch (Figure 8) in the
1940s to produce a checklist of West Coast mollusks. This effort resulted in a
substantive publication that contains much original material and was the product of

the combined work of many individuals.

Figure 7 . Ida Oldroyd

Important early workers included:
Herbert N. Lowe (Figure 9), a florist,
who worked on the fauna of the Panamic
province with Pilsbry, and who pub-
lished some 26 papers and some 167
taxa, most in collaboration with
Pilsbry. George Willett (Figure 10),
who was variously a policeman, soldier,
fisherman, fox farmer, and ornith-
ologist. He published 39 papers and
described quite a number of taxa, in-
cluding several that he collected in
southeastern Alaska. A. M. Strong
(Figure 11), a mining engineer, pub-
lished many significant papers and
authored quite a number of taxa, many
in collaboration with Leo Hertlein.

Fred Baker (Figure 12) was a physician,
who published a couple of dozen papers.
Stillman Berry (Figure 13) of independ-
ent means as well as part-time rancher

Figure 8. John Q. Burch

Figure 9. Herbert N. Lowe

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Vol . XX(10) 1988

Figure 10. George Willett

Figure 12. Fred Baker

Figure 11. A. M. Strong

Figure 13. Stillman Berry

Vol . XX(10) 1988

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Page 100

and iris grower, published 209 papers and
authored 401 taxa. Wendell Gregg (Figure 14),
a physician, published a number of papers on
land snails. Allyn Smith (Figure 15) worked
most of his life for the phone company and
published over 100 papers and many new taxa.
Robert Talmadge (Figure 16), who worked for
the Pacific Gas & Electric Company as a line-
man in the rugged mountains of northwestern
California published some 95 papers. Emery
and Elsie Chace (Figures 17-18), who had
various jobs throughout their lives, he mostly
in construction, published some 40 papers.
Lorenzo G. Yates (Figure 19), a dentist, and
Faye Howard (Figure 20) each published a few
articles, but both contributed major scien-
tific collections to the Santa Barbara Museum
of Natural History.

Of course, some of this body of work is
of high quality, some is not. Some papers
are just newsletter notes. Some names are now
regarded as synonyms. But, collectively it
is a considerable amount of original work.

In more recent years, Myra Keen's book
on the tropical eastern Pacific fauna helped
to draw many amateurs into malacology, not
only because it stimulated collecting in
that area but also because it posed many un-

Figure 14. Wendell Gregg

Figure 15. Allyn Smith

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Vol. XX(10) 1988

Figure 17. Emery Chace

Figure 18. Elsie Chace

Figure 19. Lorenzo G. Yates

Figure 20. Faye Howard

Vol. XX(10) 1988

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Page 102

resolved questions in a way that was approachable by the scholarly non-professional.
Other handbooks, such as Jim McLean's pamphlet on the mollusks of southern
California, have also helped. As a result, there is a very substantial number of
people who went on to make significant contributions through their carefully made
collections and their publications, including the recent work of Twila Bratcher on
the Terebridae, that of Helen DuShane on the Epitoniidae, the many papers of Don
Shasky, LeRoy Poorman, and Carole Hertz on the Panamic fauna, the important col-
lection of Carol Skoglund, the photographic contributions of Bertram Draper and the
many contributions of the late Tony Ferreira to the study of chitons.

Several new factors have recently decreased the involvement of amateurs in the
science of malacology on the West Coast. Collecting by the public is not permitted
in California because of the effect that overcollecting was having on the marine
fauna, and this has limited the introduction of young people, drawn by their curiosity
about the natural world as well as acquisitiveness, . to malacology. In many areas,
the marine fauna has been severely depleted because of pollution and habitat de-
struction. There are shrinking professional resources, with some programs like that
at Stanford University shut down completely. With much of the era of descriptive
malacology past us, the problems attacked by professionals, and the tools that they
use, are more complex. Finally, it has been several years since a major compilation
has appeared that poses problems to challenge scholarly amateurs.

Fostering amateur involvement does pay off. It generates collections that may
eventually devolve to institutions. With professional interest, the scientific value
of these collections can be maximized. Involved amateurs can provide needed finan-
cial support for institutions. Amateurs often provide volunteer assistance to
museums, almost essential in keeping them going in these days of severely limited
budgets. Properly directed, there are volunteer roles for a wide array of persons,
from high school students to seasoned, scholarly amateurs. Amateurs, their organi-
zations, and museum volunteers are also important in generating public and political
support for institutions. Amateurs are important in helping to disseminate accurate
knowledge to the public, and they can provide useful ideas for and assistance in
research.

It takes an investment in time, as well as in learning the skills required to
adequately manage volunteers and to work with amateurs. The following are a few
ideas I've collected from various sources:

(1) Professionals can go out of their way to address public forums, including
shell clubs. Their message should be pitched not only to entertain but also to con-
vey the excitement and scientific challenge of the field. Each presentation should
include an effort to recruit assistance for their institutions. Learning how to do
this well takes some effort. The fascinated high school student of today is tomorrow's
professional.

(2) Curators should define a variety of jobs that can be handled by volunteers
with different levels of experience and skill. Volunteers cannot be considered slave
labor. They seek acceptance, gratitude, companionship, and an opportunity to learn.
Writing "volunteer job descriptions" is a useful and educational experience. Time
and patience are also needed to train amateurs in curatorial and research methods.

A system of museum titles and non-monetary rewards is essential in building skills
and maintaining interest.

(3) In everything that professionals and professional-level amateurs write, an
effort should be made to explain the basic ideas in a way that nearly everyone can
understand, and important unresolved problems should be posed in a manner that
challenges the reader.

(4) Although large compilations and handbooks for the public take a consider-
able effort and may be dissatisfying for perfectionists who want all unsolved prob-
lems to be cleared up first, it is important to generate such works from time to time.
They handle many questions, promote public knowledge, provide a way to pose

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Vol. XX(10) 1988

interesting problems for others to work on, and recruit public support.

(5) Professionals should be willing to help amateurs with their publications
to ensure their accuracy and to promote their utility. Amateurs and their organi-
zations need to be willing to have such review. Getting a manuscript reviewed
critically for the first time can be a traumatic experience, but the benefits of
the exercise eventually become clear.

(6) Many professionals reside in a fairly closely defined environment and
have never had an opportunity to learn skills in dealing with the public, amateur
organizations, and volunteers. These skills can be learned, and it is never too lat

Only by making a conscious effort at the institutional level — in public and
private museums and at universities can the involvement of amateurs in malacology be
optimized. It is worth the effort, for history shows us that it can pay off.

The word "amateur" comes from the Latin word "amator," a lover. Who could have a
better reason for engaging in malacology?

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I appreciate the help of Donald R. Shasky for providing many of the pictures
and David K. Mulliner for preparing black and white prints of most of the
photographs .

Vol . XX(10) 1988

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Page 104

UPDATE ON MOLLUSKS WITH INDO-PACIFIC FAUNAL AFFINITIES
IN THE TROPICAL EASTERN PACIFIC - VIII

BY

DONALD R. SHASKY

834 W. Highland Avenue, Redlands, California 92373

[adapted from a paper presented to the annual meeting of the Western Society of
Malacologists , Sonoma State University, July 1988]

This year, I have three species and an
additional unidentified juvenile PeristemZa
species to report. Three are from the
Galapagos and one from Cocos Island, Costa Rica.

The first is Trioolia (Hiloa) variabiZis
(Pease, 1861). Robert Robertson (1985) con-
sidered T. (H.) variabiZis as the most wide-
spread and abundant TricoZia in the Indo-West
Pacific. As the name implies, it has a wide
range of color patterns, size, and sculpture.

Its reported range is from East Africa to Hawaii
and French Polynesia. I collected a single
specimen from Isla Manuelita, Cocos Island,

Costa Rica (Figure 1) .

The second species is LinateZZa (GeZagna)
suocincta (Linnaeus, 1771). Beu and Cernohorsky
(1986) state that the range for this species
is from Gabon in West Africa, East Africa, and
as far east as Hawaii. While diving in 10-17
meters off Enderby Island, an islet off
Floreana Island, Galapagos Islands, I collected
a single specimen (Figure 2).

The third species is Cantharus (PoZZia)
fumosus (Dillwyn, 1817). This species is
known throughout the Indo-Pacif ic. I collected
two specimens in the Galapagos, one from 10-17
meters off Champion Island and the other in the
same depth off Floreana Island (Figure 3).

Illustrated in Figure 4 is what almost
certainly is a juvenile specimen of a species
of Peristemia , a genus previously unknown in the eastern Pacific. I have two
specimens of this species, each from a different island in the Galapagos. I am
hopeful that someone seeing this illustration will be able to recognize it and
supply a name for it.

I thank David K. Mulliner for preparing black and white prints from my slides.

Figure 1. TricoZia (EiZoa) variabiZis
(Pease, 1861). Length: 1.5 mm, taken
under dead coral in 13.7 m, Isla
Manuelita, Cocos Is. , Costa Rica.

Leg. D.R. Shasky, Feb. 23, 1988

LITERATURE CITED

BEU, ALLEN G. AND WALTER 0. CERNOHORSKY

1986. Taxonomy of gastropods of the families Ranellidae (=Cymatiidae) and

Bursidae. Part I. Adoption of Ranellidae and review of LinateZZa Gray,
1857. New Zealand Jour. Zool. 13:241-246, 35 figs.

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Vol . XX(10) 1988

ROBERTSON, ROBERT

1985. Archaegastropod biology and the systematics of the genus Tvicolza
(Trochacea: Trocoliidae) in the Indo-West Pacific. Monog. Marine
Mollusca 3:1-103, 96 pis.

(Linnaeus, 1771). Length: 15.7 mm, taken
in 9-15 m under rock, Enderby Is., off
Floreana Is., Galapagos Is., Feb. 1988
Leg. D.R. Shasky

Figure 3. Cantharus (Pollia) fimosus

(Dillwyn, 1817). Length: 7.8 mm, taken in
9-15 m under rock. Champion Is.,

Galapagos Is., Feb. 1988,

Leg. D.R. Shasky

Figure 4. Pevistevnia species. Length: 6.4 mm,
taken in 6-12 m, under rock, Floreana Is. ,
Galapagos Is., Feb. 1988, Leg. D.R. Shasky

Vol. XX(10) 1988

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Page 106

RECENT FINDINGS OF CHLANYS HASTATA (SOWERBY, 1843)
IN ITS SOUTHERN RANGE UNIT
BY

G. L. BUCK

2534 Via Pisa, Del Mar, California 92014

The waters off San Diego, California are the southern limit to the geographical
range of Chlamys hastata (Sowerby, 1843), a pecten usually found in more northerly
waters. McLean (1978:69-70) in "Marine Shells of Southern California," gives the
distribution as Alaska to San Diego, uncommon, in depths of 60 feet and deeper. I
have collected three specimens by scuba in the last several years, all three in the
same general area, a rocky habitat. One, a 23 mm brown specimen (Figure 1) was living
attached by its byssus under a rock at 95 foot depth. Another 15 mm brown specimen
was taken fresh dead at 100 feet (Figure 1), and the last, a 43 mm, beautiful bright
orange specimen (Figure 2) was found sandwiched in a crack on a deep water reef at
85 feet along with Crassadoma gigantea (Gray, 1825), Chama arcana Bernard, 1976,
strawberry anemones, sponges and multitudes of other invertebrates — a very fertile
area. Incidentally, the orange C. hastata was covered with an orange sponge growth
which was removed very easily with a short bleach soak and a soft brush.

Figure 1. Chlamys hastata (Sowerby, 1843),
Left: 23 mm in length collected in 95 feet,
Right: 15 mm in length, collected empty in
100 feet of water Photo: D.K. Mulliner

Figure 2. C. hastata , 43 mm in length
collected in 85 feet of water

Photo: D.K. Mulliner

Page 107

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Vol . XX(10) 1988

On this same dive I also found my main objective, Haliotis rufescens Swainson,
1822, up to 255 mm. Also seen in this area were H. sorenseni Bartsch, 1940; H.
assimilis Dali, 1868; and H. watallensis Stearns, 1899; all far from common now and
in need of protection.

On subsequent dives in this area during September 1988, Kim Hutsell and I
found eight more: specimens of C. hastata. They were mostly found covered with
sponge, attached by byssus on tops of rocks in 90 to 110 feet of water.

I would be interested to find out if others have collected C. hastata to the
south in Mexican waters off the Santo Tomas area, where cooler California current
waters might be more the typical habitat of this temperate water species.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to thank Dave Mulliner for photographing the specimens of

C. hastata.

THE SANTA BARBARA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ANNOUNCES A POSITION IN MALACOLOGY

The Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History is seeking a qualified malacologist
to fill the new Howard/Berry Endowed Chair of Malacology. The person hired for this
full-time position will receive a salary of from $25,000-27,000 (depending on
qualifications and experience) plus benefits and will report to the Head of the
Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

Candidates are required to have a PhD in biology/zoology with dissertation in
malacology or related field of invertebrate zoology with demonstrated capability in
malacology research (preferably with specialization in systematics of marine or
terrestrial mollusks) . Prior experience with fauna of eastern Pacific Ocean or
western North America and experience in museum techniques and management of
invertebrate collections is required as well as computer and database management
skills and proven record or potential for grantsmanship .

The responsibilities of the full-time, regular, exempt position include
management of portions of the Museum’s mollusk and invertebrate collections; collection
based research in malacology and related aspects of systematics and natural history
of invertebrates; assisting in routine operation and management of the department;
preparing funding proposals to granting agencies for collection support and research
programs; participating in public education and exhibition programs, and serving as
resource for information to the community at large.

Applications will be reviewed beginning 30 October with the position remaining
open until filled.

A letter of application along with resume; names, addresses and telephone numbers
of three references; outline of research interests and goals; and sample of published
materials should be sent to:

Dr. F.G. Hochberg, Assistant Director
Collections and Research Division
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
2559 Puesta del Sol Road
Santa Barbara, CA 93105
(805) 682-4711

ISSN: 0738-9388

§L~

Ho l
^1?
m>n.

Volume: XX

THE FESTIVUS

A publication of the San Diego Shell Club

November 10, 1988

Number: 11

CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer

FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor

Photographer

Bill Romer
Bob Yin
Jules Hertz
Wayne Reed
Margaret Mulliner

Carole M. Hertz
David K. Mulliner

MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego
Shell Club. Single member: $10.00;
Family membership: $12.00;

Overseas (surface mail): $12.00.

Address all correspondence to the
San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883
Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111
Single copies of this issue: $5.00.
Postage is additional

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
R. Tucker Abbott

American Malacologists 3 Inc.
Eugene Coan
Research Associate
California Academy of Sciences
Anthony D’Attilio
2415 29th Street

San Diego, California 92104
William K. Emerson
American Musevim of Natural History
Terrence M. Gosliner

California Academy of Sciencg&if
James H. McLean
Los Angeles County Muse
of Natural History
Barry Roth
Research Associate
Santa Barbara Museum of Natura
Emily H. Vokes
Tulane University

The Festivus is published monthly except

Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 P.M., December. The publication date appears
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park on the masthead above.

PROGRAM

MARINE MOLLUSKS OF THE PLIOCENE OF SAN DIEGO

Mr. Tom Demere, Collections Manager of the Department of Paleontology of the
San Diego Natural History Museum, will present an illustrated program on the Pliocene
mollusks of the San Diego area in relation to the Recent mollusks. He will discuss
recent extinctions and the evolution of mollusks touching on their paleoenvironments
and paleoecology. In addition to the slides, Mr. Demere will have display specimens.

MINI-PROGRAM

Carole and Jules Hertz will give a brief slide show on the recent annual meeting of

the Western Society of Malacologists

Meeting date: November 17, 1988

CONTENTS

News Release: Supplement of The Festivus Volume XX to be published this month.... 109

Club news 109

Deep water shells from off Isla Smith, Bahia de los Angeles, Baja California,

Mexico

CAROL SKOGLUND 110

A selected index to Volume XX (1988) 117

Map for detaching

Page 109

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(ll) : 1988

A SUPPLEMENT OF THE FESTIVUS VOLUME XX TO BE PUBLISHED THIS MONTH

THE FESTIVUS is publishing a supplement for 1988 (volume 20) entitled, "An
Illustrated Catalogue of the Family Typhidae Cossmann, 1903 (Gastropoda: Muricacea)"
by Anthony D'Attilio and Carole M. Hertz containing over 73 pages of information on
the family with over 109 drawings by the senior author illustrating shell morphology
and radula characters for this group of gastropods.

The paper contains two catalogues enumerating nominal taxa in the Typhidae;
one of the described fossil and Recent genera and the other of the fossil and
Recent species.

The Supplement will be received by all paid members and will be available to
non-members (and those not members in 1988) at a cost of $11.00 domestic, $12.00
overseas surface mail, and $15.50 overseas air mail. To order, send your check to
The San Diego Shell Club at the address shown on the cover page of this issue.

CLUB NEWS

THE CLUB'S ANNUAL CHRISTMAS DINNER PARTY — DECEMBER 3, 1988

As noted in the October issue, arrangements have been completed for the annual
Christmas party. It will be held in the San Diego Room of the Admiral Kidd Club
(see map on last page) with no host cocktails beginning at 6:00 P.M. and dinner at
7:00 P.M.

Two dinner choices are available: Roast prime rib of beef (English cut with
au jus) and baked potato at $14.50 and Fillet of sole stuffed with crab served
with wild rice at $13.60. Both include tossed salad, vegetable and coffee or tea.

Tax and gratuity are included and our Club provides complimentary dinner wine.

Reservations must be received not later than the November Club meeting
(November 17th) and the first fifty reservations are those which can be accepted.

Following dinner and the program, the Club will hold its traditional shell
exchange. Bring your gift wrapped shell to place under the tree. Place data and
name inside the package only. On the outside put on only the general locale i.e.
Pacific, Caribbean, etc. Numbers will be drawn and those bringing a shell gift will
choose one from under the tree.

There will be dancing in the main room throughout the evening.

It will be a great party, as usual. So come and welcome in the season with
your friends. Guests are welcome.

FROM THE MINUTES - SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB MEETING - OCTOBER 20, 1988

Craig Cary, a doctoral candidate at Scripps and an accomplished photographer
presented the program with the amusing title, "Waiter, There's a Bug in my Clam. It
was a five-star presentation. Craig delivered a vivid and comprehensive program on
the aquatic life forms and communities which flourish near deep sea hydrothermal
vents. Craig's authoritative account of exploratory dives in submersibles some 4,500
meters down in the Marianas Trench was illustrated by a collection of incredible
slides revealing an eerie underwater 'moonscape' and sulfide clouds rising from violent
submarine hot springs. Club members were treated to rare pictures of biomass com-
munities which thrive in a seemingly hostile and toxic environment. Craig explained
that the clams, Calyptogena magnified, are unique bivalves reaching up to 12 inches in
length and weighing up to 3^> pounds with highly specialized blood, no gut and no
digestive tract. The chemosynthetic bacteria reside within the gills, taking hydrogen
sulfide and oxidizing it. When dissected the clams are revealed to contain a tremen-
dous amount of hemoglobin.

During the business portion of the meeting the slate of officers for 1989 was
presented: President; Larry Buck, Vice President; Bob Yin, Record. Sec'y; Wayne Reed,
Corres. Sec'y; Richard Negus, Treasurer; Margaret Mulliner. Nominations from the floor
will be accepted at the November meeting prior to the election of officers.

Margenette and Arthur Yeend and Debbie and Larry Catarius provided the delicious
cookies and Sherry Valli won the door prize.

Wayne Reed

Vol . XX(ll): 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 110

DEEP WATER SHELLS FROM OFF ISLA SMITH,
BAHIA DE LOS ANGELES, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO

3846 E. Highland, Phoenix, Arizona 85018

CAROL SKOGLUND

BY

Bahia de los Angeles, Baja California, Mexico, is located on the Gulf of
California. Three major papers have described the area and reported a combined
total of 603 species of mollusks.

McLean (1961) listed 405 species taken intertidally by several collectors.

Coan (1978) reported 177 identifiable species as a result of 161 samples taken with
an orange peel grab at depths to 49 m, including 67 previously reported by McLean.
Poorman & Poorman (1978) added 160 species to the known total.

Roy and Forrest Poorman, with Carl and Laura Shy, collected intertidally and
by dredging to 30 m. Chaetopleura shyana Ferreira, 1983 was collected
intertidally at Isla La Pata in the bay by the Shys (Ferreira, 1983) and Lepidozona
stohlevi Ferreira, 1985, was dredged by them at 12 to 36 m (Ferreira, 1985).

In addition, several species of nudibranchs have also been reported from Bahia
de los Angeles in the past few years, including Hypselodoris calif orniensis
(Bergh, 1879) [Bertsch, 1978] ; Polycerella glandulosa Behrens & Gosliner, 1988;
Bajaeolis bertschi Gosliner & Behrens, 1986; and Tvitonia pickensi Marcus & Marcus,

1967 [Bertsch & Gosliner, 1984] .

In May 1980, November 1981 and again in April 1988, my husband Paul and I
camped at Punta La Gringa at the northern end of the bay and dredged off nearby
Isla Smith. We used a 14-foot aluminum boat and a small dredge made of angle iron
and hardware cloth.

In the channel off the northwestern end of Isla Smith (113°34'W, 29°6'N) we
found an area of swift currents and 183 m (600 ft.) deep water. The amount of line
required for dredging is normally about three times the depth being dredged. At
30.5m (100 ft.), using 300 feet of line, we can feel when the dredge hits the bottom,
and there is a "bumping" feel on the line as the boat goes forward to pull the dredge
along the bottom. As the water gets deeper and more line is needed, both the
stretch in the line and the currents make this "bumping" harder to feel. At 183 meters
with all 1,500 feet of line out, "feel" was completely gone. We adopted the method
of stopping the boat to let the dredge and line settle to the bottom, then going
slowly forward, hoping the dredge was still on the bottom. By repeating this "grab"
method we got a small amount of material in the dredge each haul. This was usually
less than a cupful of small, very black rocks with traces of mud and a few shells.

The three trips produced a total of 73 species from the 183 meter depth. Forty-
two species were live taken. Thirty-one were taken only as empty shells that could
have washed in from other areas. Thirteen of the species we took had been previously
reported from Bahia de los Angeles. Fourteen species could not be identified.

Included in this unusually large number of unidentified species are a Cyclocavdia
that is probably undescribed (fide Coan) (Figure 1), a shell that comes close to being
a Caducifev but without the distinct posterior notch of that genus (Figure 2) and a
Pseudochama that doesn't seem to match any of the currently known species (Figure 3).
Three of the other unnamed species have also been taken by us in other parts of the
Gulf of California. These are the Cvucibulim (Figure 4), the Pyramidella (Figure 5),
and the Rictaxis (Figure 6).

Page 111

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(ll) : 1988

Figure 1. Cyclocardia sp. 9 mm

Figure 2. ? Caducifer 18 mm

Figure 3. Pseudochama sp. 16 mm

As a result of this dredging, Ferreira (1984) described Ischnochiton carolianus
and the ranges of Pteropurpura macroptera (Deshayes, 1839) and Favartia mildredae
(Poorman, 1980) were extended to Bahia de los Angeles (Skoglund, 1983). Coan (1988)
reported Semele craneana Hertlein and Strong, 1949 from the same material.

In the systematic account that follows, range extensions are designated by
asterisks. Ventricolari-a fordi (Yates, 1890) (Figure 7) and Pteropurpura macroptera
(Deshayes, 1839) (Figure 8) are new to the Panamic Province. Ten other species
represent range extensions within the Panamic Province. Previously known ranges
of these species are included and the author cited. These include Phenacolepas
puntarene (Figure 9) and Trophon cf. cerrosensis (Figure 10). Identifying numbers
from Keen (1971) are used where available.

I would like to acknowledge the help of the late Dr. Antonio Ferreira and to
thank Dr. Eugene V. Coan and Mrs. Barbara W. Myers for assistance with some of the
identifications. Photographs are by Paul Skoglund except for Figure 8 which was
taken by Dave Mulliner for a previous paper.

Vol. XX(ll) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 112

Figure 6. Rictaxix sp . 8 . 5 mm

Page 113

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(ll): 1988

Figure 8.

Pteropurpura macroptera 37 mm
Photo: D. Mulliner

Figure 9. Phenacolepas puntavene, 3 mm

37 mm

Vol . XX(ll): 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Page 114

BIVALVIA

30 Nuoulana (Thestyleda) hamata (Carpenter, 1864)

117 Glyoymeris of strigilata
G. sp. (unidentified)

137 Megaovenella oolumbiana (Dali, 1897)

151 Modiolus amerioanus (Leach, 1815)

154 Amygdalum palladium (Dali, 1916)

177 Peoten sericeus Hinds, 1845

187 Cyclopeoten exquisitus Grau, 1959

190 C. pernomus (Hertlein, 1935)

Also dredged nearby at 14 m
236 Tellidorella oristulata Berry, 1963

Cyolocavdia sp. (probably undescribed)

277 Lucina leuoooymoides (Lowe, 1935)

*289 Luoinoma annulata Reeve, 1850

Range: A northern species that reaches its
southern limit in the Gulf of California
(Keen, 1971); 33N-60N (Bernard, 1983); off San
Carlos Bay, Sonora, Mexico (Poorman 6 Poorman,
291 Diplodonta inezensis (Hertlein & Strong, 1947)
Pseudochama sp. (unidentified)

* Ventricolaria fordi (Yates, 1890)

Range: Monterey Bay, California to Isla San
Geronimo, N. Baja California (McLean, 1978)

*403 Pitar perfragilis Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932

Range: San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua (Keen, 1971):
off San Carlos Bay, Sonora, Mexico (Poorman &
Poorman (1988). Also dredged nearby at 14 m
Tellina (Merisoa) sp. (unidentified)

*570 Psammotreta mazatlanioa (Deshayes, 1855)

Range: Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico to Ecuador
(Keen, 1971)

628 Semele oraneana Hertlein & Strong, 1949

Range: Southern end of the Gulf of California and
off Isla Clarion (Keen, 1971); 18N-26 N
(Bernard, 1983); off San Carlos Bay, Sonora,
Mexico (Poorman & Poorman (1988)

651 Semele venusta (Reeve, 1853, ex A. Adams MS)

Also dredged nearby at 14 m
687 Corbula iva Dali, 1908

764 Cyathodonta of dubiosa Dali, 1915 ( fide Coan)
Bushia n. sp. (Coan in litt)

786 Pleotodon soaber Carpenter, 1864

GASTROPODA

71 Solariella peramabilis Carpenter, 1864
171 Phenaoolepas puntarene (Morch, 1860)

Range: Puntarenas, Costa Rica (Keen, 1971)

420 Arohiteotonioa nobilis Roding, 1798
443 Turritella of pavkeri McLean, 1970
Alabina sp. (unidentified)

623 Aspevisoala lowei (Dali, 1906)

655 Nitidisoala politum (Sowerby, 1844)

751 Niso lomana Bartsch, 1917
799 Calyptraea oonioa Broderip, 1834

1 valve

10 live juveniles
1 live specimen
1 valve

1 valve

2 live specimens
2 live juveniles
1 live, 4 valves
1 live, 2 valves

1 valve

8 live, several valves
7 valves
5 valves

1988)

5 valves
2 live & valves
1 valve

18 live specimens

3 live specimens
1 live

1 valve

2 live, several valves

40 live specimens
2 valves

2 specimens, 2 valves
4 live, 2 dead

12 live, several dead

2 live

1 live, 1 dead juvenile
15 dead specimens

3 dead

1 dead

2 dead

4 live

10 live, 5 dead

Page 115

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX(ll): 1988

806
* 823

877

954

1037

*

*1044

1273

1344

*

1457

1602

1626

1643

1647

1655

1714

1769

1784

1785

2230

*

*2262

Cheilea cepacea (Broderip, 1834)

Cvucibulum monticulus Berry, 1969

Range: Mazatlan to the Gulf of Tehuantepec,

Mexico (Keen, 1971) > off San Carlos nay, Sonora,
Mexico (Poorman & Poorman, 1988)

Cvucibulum sp. 1 (unidentified)

Cvucibulum sp. 2 (unidentified)

Polinices intemevatus (Philippi, 1853)

Also dredged nearby at 14 m
Cymatiim covvugatum ccmic turn (Reeve, 1844)

Favartia (Muvexiella) mildvedae (Poorman, 1980)

Range: Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico (Poorman, 1980)
Ptevopuvpuva centvifuga (Hinds, 1844)

P. macvopteva (Deshayes, 1839)

Range: Monterey, California to Bahia Todos
Santos, outer coast of Baja California (McLean 1978)
Tvophon (Austvo tvophon) cf cevvosensis Dali, 1891
Range: off Isla Cedros, Baja California to
Acapulco, Mexico (Keen, 1971)

?Caducifev sp. (unidentified)

Stvombina (Sincola) gibbevula (Sowerby, 1832)
Nassarius sp. (unidentified)

Fusinus tuvvis Valenciennes, 1832
Fusinus (Bavbavofusus) colpoicus Dali, 1915
Fusinus sonovae Poorman, 1981

Range: Guaymas, Sonora area and Isla Partida,

Baja California (Poorman, 1981)

Agatvix stvongi (Shasky, 1961)

Kylix zacae Hertlein & Strong, 1951
Dvillia bevvyi McLean & Poorman, 1971
Bellaspiva melea Dali, 1919
Also dredged nearby in 24 m

1 dead

2 dead

2 dead

1 dead
9 live

2 dead juveniles
1 live

1 live, 1 dead
1 live

1 live

1 live, 2 dead
1 live
3 dead
1 live

9 live, 6 dead
1 dead

1 live

2 live, 5 dead
5 live

4 live

Polystira nobilis (Hinds, 1843)

Cochlespiva cedonulli (Reeve, 1843)

Lioglypho stoma evicea (Hinds, 1843)
Mitrolumna mitriformis (Shasky, 1961)
Glyphostoma thalassoma (Dali, 1908)

G. Candida (Hinds, 1843)

Also dredged nearby in 24 m
Pyramidetla (Pharcidelia) sp. (unidentified)
Iselica sp. (unidentified)

Acteon traskii Stearns, 1897
Rictaxis sp. (unidentified)

Cylichna atahualpa (Dali, 1908)

Range: Gulf of Panama (Keen, 1971)

8 live, 3 dead
1 dead

1 live, 2 dead
1 live

4 live, 5 dead
1 live, 4 dead

3 live
3 live
2 dead
1 dead
1 dead

P0LYPLAC0PH0RA

Leptochiton nexus Carpenter, 1864
Ischnochiton carolianus Ferreira, 1984
Lepidozona stohleri Ferriera, 1985
L. sp. (unidentified)

4 live
4 live
2 live
2 live

SCAPHOPODA

3

9

17

Dentalium oerstedii Morch, 1860
Tesseracme hancocki (Emerson, 1956)

Also found nearby in 14 m

Siphonodentalium quadrifissatum (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898)
Graptacme sp. (unidentified)

20 dead
2 dead

10 dead
2 dead

Vol . XX(ll) : 1988

THE FESTIVUS

Vol. XX(ll): 1988

LITERATURE CITED

BEHRENS, DAVID W. & TERRENCE M. GOSLINER

1988. The first record of Polyaerella Verrill, 1881, from the Pacific, with the
description of a new species. Veliger 30(3) : 319-324 (Jan. 4).

BERNARD, F.R.

1983. Catalogue of the living Bivalvia of the eastern Pacific Ocean: Bering Strait to Cape
Horn. Canadian spec. pub. Fish. & Aquatic Sci. 61: 102 pp.

BERTSCH, HANS

1978. The Chromodoridinae. nudibranchs from the Pacific coast of America. -Part XV. The
genus Hypselodoris . Veliger 21 (2) : 236-250 (Oct. 1).

BERTSCH, HANS 6 TERRENCE GOSLINER

1984. Tritonia pickensi (Nudibranchia: Tritoniidae) from Baja California, Mexico. Shells
and Sea Life 16(9) : 138-139.

COAN, EUGENE V.

1968. A biological survey of Bahia de los Angeles, Gulf of California, Mexico. III.

Trans. SDSNH 15 (8) : 107-132 , figs. 1-2 (Sept. 25).

1988. Recent eastern Pacific species of the bivalve genus Semele. Veliger 31(1,2):

1-42, 64 figs. (July 1).

FERREIRA, ANTONIO J.

1983. The genus Chaetopteura Shuttleworth, 1853 (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) in the warm-
temperate and tropical eastern Pacific, southern California to Peru, with the
description of two new species. Veliger 25 (3) : 203-224 , 35 text figs. (Jan. 1).

1984. A new species of Ischnoahiton (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) in the Gulf of
California. Veliger 26 (3) : 179-182 , 6 text figs. (Jan. 3).

1985. Three new species of Lepzdosona (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Gulf of
California. Veliger 27 (4 ): 423-429 , 14 text figs. (Apr. 1).

GOSLINER, TERRENCE M. & iDAVID W. BEHRENS

1986. Two new species and genera of aeolid nudibranchs from the tropical eastern
Pacific. Veliger 29 (1) : 101-113 (July 1).

KEEN, A. MYRA

1971. Sea shells of tropical west America: marine mollusks from Baja California

to Peru. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, Calif, i-xiv+1,066 pp., ca 4000 text figs.,
22 color pis. (Sept. 1).

MCLEAN, JAMES H.

1961. Marine mollusks from Los Angeles Bay, Gulf of California. Trans. SDSNH 12(28) :449-
476, figs. 1-3 (Aug. 15).

1978. Marine shells of southern California. LACM(NH) sci. ser. 24, revised ed . 104 pp.
(Mar. 20).

POORMAN, LEROY H.

1980. Two new molluscan species (Gastropoda: Muricidae) from the tropical eastern
Pacific. Veliger 22 (4 ): 361-363 , figs. 1-4 (Apr. 1).

1981. New species of Fusinus (Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae) from the tropical eastern
Pacific. Veliger 23 (4) : 339-344 , figs. 1-13 (Apr. 1).

1981. Comments on two misunderstood fusinids (Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae) from the
tropical eastern Pacific. Veliger 23 (4 ): 345-347 , figs. 1-4 (Apr. 1).

POORMAN, FORREST L. 4 LEROY H. POORMAN

1978. Additional molluscan records from Bahia de los Angeles, Baja California Norte.
Veliger 20 (4) : 369-374 , map (Apr. 1).

1988. A report of the molluscan species in the San Carlos Rectangle, Sonora, Mexico,

collected by Forrest L. and Leroy H. Poorman from December 1953 to December 1983.
Festivus 20(6):47-63, map (June 9).

SKOGLUND, CAROL

1983. Range extensions of Muricidae in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Festivus 15(1):
107-108, figs. 1-4 (Nov. 10).

Page 117

THE FESTIVUS

Vol . XX (11) : 1988

A SELECTED INDEX TO VOLUME XX (1988)

BUCK, G.L.

Recent findings of Chlamys hastata (Sowerby, 1843) in its southern

range limit 106

CATARIUS, LARRY

Cymatium gibbosum at Palos Verdes 10

COAN, EUGENE

The role of the amateur in the development of malacology in the western

United States 94

D'ATTILIO, ANTHONY

On the systematic position of Muvex permaestus Hedley, 1915, a

muricopsine species 3

Detailed studies of the morphology of the varical flange in two Favavtia

species: Favavtia vosamiae and F. leonae 18

Book review: MOLLUSCHI EDULII DELLE MARCHE 32

Illustrated notes on Favavtia (Muvexiella) gavvettii (Pease, 1868)

from Hawaii 36

Notes on the morphology of Favavtia (Muvexiella) martini

(Shikama, 1977) 65

Comparison of two Favavtia (Cavibiella) species, one from the western

Atlantic and one from the eastern Pacific 73

D'ATTILIO, ANTHONY AND BARBARA W. MYERS

A note on the distribution of Sivatus piioifevoides (Kuroda, 1942) 11

DUSHANE, HELEN

Early conchologists in Baja California, Mexico 77

FARMER, WESLEY M.

Synthetic sea life 90

HANSELMAN, GEORGE A.

Further on Kaas and Van Belle’s MONOGRAPH OF LIVING CHITONS [Book review] 72
HERRMANN, RICHARD

Sinmia vidievi at Anacapa Island 2

HERTZ, CAROLE M.

A cautionary note to editors and authors 17

HERTZ, JULES

An Avgonauta shell found in San Diego 22

Two look-alike turrids from the eastern Pacific: Clathvomangelia

fuseoligata and Mangelia vhyssa 27

A report on the annual meeting of the Western Society of Malacologists . 82

MCPEAK, RON H.

Lyvopeeten subnodosus off Cedros Island 69

MYERS, BARBARA W. AND ANTHONY D'ATTILIO

A look at a few of the books on malacology from Japan 39

P00RMAN, FORREST L. AND LEROY H. P00RMAN

A report of the molluscan species in the San Carlos Rectangle, Sonora,
Mexico, collected by Forrest L. and Leroy H. Poorman from December

1953 to December 1983 47

REED, WAYNE

Wesley Farmer's remarkable art: an introduction 89

SHASKY, DONALD R.

Update on mollusks with Indo-Pacific faunal affinities in the tropical

eastern Pacific — VIII 104

SKOGLUND, CAROL

Deep water shells from off Isla Smith, Bahia de los Angeles, Baja

California, Mexico

WU, SHI-KUEI

The radula of Cevatostoma (Neogastropoda: Muricidae) in West America...

86

CLUB

SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB
CHRISTMAS PARTY

DECEMBER 3, 1988
SAN DIEGO ROOM
ADMIRAL KIDD CLUB

Cocktails 6:00 P.M.
Dinner 7:00 P.M.

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