MIGRATION i Fuse ska HO it PROJECT MUSEUM SCIENCE & CONSERVATION AFRICAN HERITAGE FESTIVAL TEETH, TUSKS & TAR PITS PIX ‘ONE LESS LION IN AFRICA’ 09504 nN BAY UOLANALY yoxqg AdeIgEL/3 S S 3q *‘UoUbULYseM ped 290N 38S ued 8 "4S YA0T UT WeruaosygQims In the Field The Bulletin of The Field Museum January/February 1995 The Field Museum Animal testing is Exploring under way for an The Earth And Its anti-HIV drug People derived from a rain-forest tree. 11 A lion attacks a Museum research team in Uganda and is killed, with mixed emotions. 9-8 Schedule of Museum events for January and February, including the African Heritage Festival THE TIME OF OUR LIFE “Teeth, Tusks & Tar Pits” takes up where “DNA to Dinosaurs” leaves off, and the Museum’s members, donors, and special guests have the time of their lives in “Life Over Time.” THE CHICAGO BIRD MIGRATION PROJECT Illustrations from John James Audubon’s Birds of America on the CD-ROM Multi- media Audubon’s Birds, Copyright © 1990-91, 1992 Creative Multime- dia Corporation. Average Number of Birds per Day By David Willard, Division of Birds and Douglas Stotz, Office of Environmental and Conservation Programs wice a year, the Chicago lake- front plays host to one of nature’s most astounding spectacles — the migration of birds north to their nesting grounds in spring, and their pas- sage south in autumn as they head for regions that allow them to survive the winter. Many of the birds migrate during the night. On a morning after a big night of migra- tion, tens of thousands of birds forage in the trees and shrubs of Lincoln, Grant, and Jackson Parks, building the fat reserves that will fuel the next legs of their journeys. In spring, war- blers dart among the trees, catching insects attracted to the flowers and fresh new leaves. In fall, small stretches of scruffy railroad track can support hundreds of sparrows feeding on goldenrod and ragweed seed. While the lakefront offers important feed- ing opportunities for migrating birds, it also presents a formidable obstacle, with its tall buildings, its bewildering array of skyline lights, and its suburban picture windows. Noc- turnally migrating birds use the stars for navi- gation, and the lights of a city can cause serious disorientation. When confronted with glass, a bird either sees through it, or sees the reflection of the place it is flying from. Either way, the result can be a crash that momentarily stuns the bird, or causes its death. Throughout The Field Museum’s history, many of the birds that have died running into local windows have been added to the research American Woodcock Spring migration casualties at McCormick Place, Chicago collections. There is hardly a prominent build- ing in downtown Chicago that is not listed as the collection locality for at least one specimen. Sixteen years ago, we learned that birds occa- sionally run into the McCormick Place Exposi- tion Center on the lakefront south of The Field Museum. We first investigated on 15 Septem- ber 1978, and found four birds that had collided with the glass. For several years after that, we casually checked the building, sometimes find- ing birds, sometimes not. By 1982, we realized that, as unfortunate as these casualties were, there was an immense amount of information that could be gleaned from them. Since that time, we have checked the building every day during spring and fall migration, from the first south wind in March until the end of May, and from early August through the end of Novem- ber. The information that has accumulated over the past 16 years allows us to monitor popula- tion changes of birds, and to study fine points of migration that cannot be assessed through a pair of binoculars. This information may give us insight into important conservation needs and some interesting evolutionary questions. Over the course of this project, we have found 129 different bird species, and the num- ber of individuals now stands at more than 20,000. The ten most common species account for more than two-thirds of the individuals: All of these species are commonly seen along the lakefront during migration. With the exception of the Tennessee Warbler, they are all species that dwell near the ground, and in fact, sixteen of the twenty most common species running into the building are birds that (Continued on page 10) Photos, Page 9 Above, the American Woodcock, Scolopax minor. The skewed sex ratio of wood- cocks during spring migration (see graph at left below) has suggested a new interpretation of their mating behavior. Left, the song spar- row, Melospiza melo- dia, is one of the most common species migrating along the Chicago lakefront. THE LIVING EARTH By Willard L. Boyd President, The Field Museum he Museum’s new Center for Evolu- tionary and Environmental Biology reinforces our historic mission to study the evolution of the earth and its species. By fostering an interdisciplinary approach, the Center also focuses on the dynamic physical, biological, and cultural inter- relationships that shape the living earth. Environmental change caused by human intervention is proceeding at a faster pace than ever before. Our curators understand the need for economic development. But we believe that such development and human intervention must be environmentally informed if it is to have positive, sustainable results. Research on our collections gives us a fighting edge against this accelerating pace of habitat alteration by allowing us instantly to determine where to focus limited resources for conservation action. Now that the information for many of our collections has been entered into computer databases, we can ask key ques- tions of conservation concern and get the answers in a matter of minutes. Within the Cen- ter, our newly established Office of Environ- mental and Conservation Programs links our Angel C. Alcala, sec- retary of the Depart- ment of Environment invaluable scientific resources — our extensive and Natural collections and scientific expertise — with Resources of the urgent needs in conservation so that biologi- Philippines (second cally-based priorities for conservation can be from left), meets with Lawrence Heaney, curator of mammals (left), Wendy Jackson, coordinator of the Advanced Training Program in the Con- servation of Biologi- cal Diversity, and developed and constantly updated. For example, in analyzing a database of the ecology and distribution of the more than 4,000 species of birds in Central and South America, one crucial step is to identify the regions where the highest proportion of rare and restricted birds already face immediate threat of extinc- tion. These are the regions in danger of imme- diate loss of biodiversity. What we find is that we should be focusing on the dry habitats of two ATP fellows, central South America. While the attention of Alfonso Silva Lee of conservationists and politicians has been cen- Cuba and Alina tered on the relatively intact Amazon rain Kipchumba of forests, right next door the grasslands and Kenya. Dr. Alcala scrublands of Brazil are quietly turning into received the gigantic agricultural fields. These grasslands Museums Founders’ are following the fate of our legendary prairies Council Award of in Illinois. Although agricultural development Merit (page 4). is necessary, it must be accompanied by ade- January/February 1995 quate protection of the natural environment. Closer to home, migratory birds are a major concern to birdwatchers and conserva- tionists. One hazard of migration is that some birds hit windows during their spring and fall journeys. We have picked up the birds that hit McCormick Place every day of spring and fall migration for the past 15 years. As David Willard and Douglas Stotz report elsewhere in this issue of In the Field, the resulting database has answered several questions about these birds’ population trends, pinpointing locations of threats to the birds’ breeding habitats in North America. Our scientists make the vital information in our collections instantly accessible to researchers and conservation planners around the world. We prepare practical guides for research and training in the field. With high- resolution photo-reduction and inexpensive reproduction we transform our invaluable botanical collections into much-needed instant guides for plant identification, which assist in the subsequent protection of natural communi- ties throughout the Western Hemisphere. Training programs are also instrumental in fostering leadership in conservation biology around the world. Our Advanced Training Pro- gram in the Conservation of Biological Diver- sity is a collaborative program organized at The Field Museum with Brookfield Zoo and the University of Illinois at Chicago, and funded by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foun- dation. This program provides comprehensive training in conservation biology for people who live in the tropics, on the assumption that politi- cally workable initiatives must be proposed and championed by local citizens, not by well- intentioned outsiders. The three-year program will involve nearly 40 young conservation workers from countries around the world. The more we learn about the interconnect- edness of our natural world, the more we understand that protecting our environment directly benefits us, humans, while also protect- ing the plants and other animals that share our living spaces. An example comes from the Philippines, where Lawrence Heaney, curator of mammals, is helping the government reestablish the national park system. Protecting biological diversity in the Philippines translates into protecting the few remaining tracts of rain forest. In the year 1900, rain forests covered 70 percent of the country. Today they cover only 18 percent. In watersheds where these forests have been lost, there have been severe prob- lems with erosion of mountainsides and silta- tion of hydroelectric dams. This has resulted in loss of electricity in Manila for six to eight day- light hours during each working day of the past three years. In deforested areas, the ground absorbs far less storm water during the coun- try’s frequent typhoons and the subsequent floods have killed thousands, damaged farms, destroyed factories and homes, and smothered the already beleaguered coral reefs. Protecting the forests that sustain biological diversity also advances the economy and the social health of the Filipino people. CORRECTION January/February 1995 Vol, 66, No. 1 The photograph on Gf the quarterfold cover eae aiinian of the November / keephaa . irector: December 1994 issue Shi Yung of In the Field, depicting a cow skeleton in a dentist’s Editorial Assistant: Lynette Malinger In the Field Protecting biodiversity bolsters medical advances as well. Botanists are finding plants of medicinal value just as indigenous people have for centuries. One of our research associ- ates has been working with some success in Southeast Asia to find plants effective against HIV and cancer [see page 3]. We also are engaged in environmental inventories in Mada- gascar, home of a species of periwinkle plant that is the base for an effective drug used against leukemia. Here in Chicago, we have the privilege of living among unique remnants of globally endangered ecosystems — tallgrass prairies, savannas, and wetlands. Areas set aside for for- est preserves laid the foundation for the sur- vival of this diversity. Open spaces near railways and other abandoned prairie lots make up the other important tracts protecting pre- cious remnants of our region’s natural heritage. Although the high-quality patches of habitat are tiny, prairies, savannas, and wetlands respond well to restoration efforts. 8 we move from natural, self-sustaining and constantly evolving systems to increasingly managed ones, our researchers play an ever more critical role in deciphering key steps to successful manage- ment and monitoring of the environment. They are intensifying local inventory and population monitoring programs, focusing on species of conservation concern or ones that serve as sen- sitive indicators of the health of an ecological community. For example, it has been well doc- umented in Europe that mushrooms are good indicators of air pollution. There are no compa- rable studies in the U.S., and Greg Mueller, curator of botany, has started a survey of local fungi, comparing populations upwind and downwind from the steel plants near the Indi- ana Dunes National Lakeshore. The City of Chicago was built on the bio- logical wealth of the Midwest. Over the past 100 to 200 years much of these natural resources has been taken. But there is still a precious core left, and although the pressures that threaten destruction continue to exist, there is now also the brighter hope that the modern metropolis is ready to give something back. Our exhibits and education programs strive to make it easier for all of us to appreciate the richness of the world we live in so that we can enjoy it more fully and protect it. Stable human societies require stable envi- ronments. Working with government and non- government organizations locally, nationally, and abroad, and training young professional conservation biologists, the Field Museum staff contributes to solving the needs of human soci- ety while simultaneously helping understand and protect our natural heritage. This is an exciting time for museums of natural history. We are applying new techniques, new approaches, and new partnerships to under- standing environmental and cultural change. We believe that the more we know about nature and human nature, the better we can live together on the living earth. The Field Museum Exploring The Earth And Its People chair, carried an erroneous negative number. The correct number is GEO- 85897.11. In the Field (ISSN #1051-4546) is published bimonthly by The Field Museum, Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore Drive, Chicago IL 60605-2496, Copyright © 1995 The Field Museum, Subscriptions $6.00 annually, $3.00 for schools. Museum membership includes In the Field subscription. Opinions expressed by authors are their own and do not necessarily reflect policy of The Field Museum. Museum phone (312) 922-9410, Notification of address change should include address label and should be sent to Membership Department. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to In the Field, The Field Museum, Roosevelt Rd, al Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, |L 60605-2496, Second class postage paid at Chicago, Illinois. THE EVOLUTIONARY ARMS RACE ature red in tooth and claw” was Alfred Tennyson’s rendition of Darwin’s theory of evolution. And in a letter to William Graham, dated July 3, 1881, Darwin himself boasted: “Lastly, I could show . . . natural selection hav- ing done and doing more for the progress of civilization than you seem inclined to admit. Remember what risk the nations of Europe ran, not so many centuries ago, of being over- whelmed by the Turks, and how ridiculous such an idea is now.” In his account of The Voyage of the Beagle, Darwin mused on his visit to Australia: “Wherever the European has trod, death seems to pursue the arboriginal. . . . The varieties of man seem to act on each other in the same way as different species of animals — the stronger always extirpating the weaker.” Darwin was con- vinced that an evolu- tionary arms race prevailed between differ- ent animal spe- cies as much as between nations, driven by natural selection. As he wrote in his Origin of 1859: “It may be said that natu- ral selection is daily and hourly scrutinizing, throughout the world, every variation, even the slightest; rejecting that which is bad, preserving and adding up all that is good; silently and insensibly working, whenever and wherever opportunity offers. at the improvement of each organic being in relation to its organic and inor- ganic conditions of life... . And as natural selection works solely by and for the good of each being, all corporeal and mental endow- ments will tend to progress towards perfection. ... There is grandeur in this view of life!” But Darwin's mind had to follow a tortuous path to decipher this beauty of nature. When still a stu- dent of theology in Cambridge, Darwin “was charmed and convinced by the long line of argumentation” presented by William Paley in his Natural Theology, a then popular text sup- porting the design of all living beings accord- ing to the Divine Plan of Creation. Since God is perfect, his Creation must also be, and the plants and animals populating the surface of the Earth must be perfectly adapted to their envi- ronment! If organisms are perfectly adapted to their environment, there would be nothing for selec- tion to work upon, and the evolutionary process — and progress — would grind to a halt. Ina first step, Darwin had to move from the notion of “perfect adaptation” to that of “relative adap- tation” — less than perfect but adequate for survival. Building on Malthus’s Principle of Populations, according to which the potential for geometrical growth would result in compe- tition for limited resources within populations, Darwin developed the theory of natural selec- tion to explain continued and even improving adaptation within species living in an ever changing environment. On that theory, species would track environmental changes in their adaptations, and thereby change themselves, but not necessarily in a progressive direction, ascending to ever higher levels of perfection on the ladder of life. Many parasites provide prime examples for adaptation coupled with sec- ondary simplification of their structure com- pared to their ancestor. To accommodate his belief in progress, then dominant in Victorian English society, Darwin had to go a significant step beyond Malthus. From Charles Lyell, father of modern geology, Darwin borrowed the Ancient Greek metaphor of nature’s horror vacui: nature abhors void space. Only a finite number of species, so Darwin believed, could find a place in the household of nature to make a living! To that metaphor Darwin added his own, when he compared animal species to “wedges.” Nature was thus turned into a Cartesian billiard game: Imagine a pool table the surface of which is tightly packed with billiard balls. The latter would represent the total maximum of species fitting into the household of nature. As natural selection drives a new billiard ball (a new species) into the game, another one must neces- sarily pop out. What started out as a notion of competition within species now had become competition between species. Of course, the relation between predator and prey had been a conundrum in the context of Natural Theology already, but its solution was found in the belief that the benevolent Creator had calculated their numbers such that no predator would cause the extinction of its prey. For Darwin, competition between species would grow fiercer the more closely related the competing species were, and the closest relation between species is that between an ancestor and its descen- dant. The evolutionary arms race had begun, and it would result in inevitable progress, as the superior descendant would drive the inferior ancestral species towards extinction. With this theory, Darwin found himself caught between a rock and a hard place. In a letter to Asa Gray, dated May 22, 1860, Darwin admitted: “. . . The most serious omission in my book was not explaining how it is, as I believe, that all forms do not necessarily advance, how there can now be simple organ- isms still existing.” ver since, biologists have tried to gather empirical evidence for the evolutionary arms race, but this has been exceedingly hard to come by. Darwin’s theory seemed to work well in histor- ical narratives: Dinosaurs, so it seemed, had to yield to the superior reptilian descendants, the mammals — until an improved time control on the fossil record showed that the two groups had happily co-existed for millions of years before the dinosaurs were wiped out by physi- cal causes not related to interspecific competi- tion. Similarly, the arrival of placental mammals on the South American continent appears to have affected the demise of the native marsupials (if at all) far less than human (Continued on page I 1) UPDATE ANTI-HIV COMPOUND alanolide-A, a compound derived from a Malaysian gum tree col- lected by a Field Museum / Univer- sity of Illinois-Chicago research team, is being tested on mice by National Can- cer Institute scientists seeking to determine whether it maintains its effectiveness against HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. In previous test-tube studies using HIV-infected human immune-system cells, Calanolide-A in small doses completely prevented replication of the virus, stopped its pathological effects on the human cells, and did not itself cause any dam- age to the cells. [See In the Field, Novem- ber/December 1992, page 1.] If the mouse studies prove promising, the compound will then be tested in larger mam- mals. Success in these tests would be followed by tests of its safety for humans, and finally by clinical trials to determine its effectiveness in humans. If all goes well, a drug based on the compound might be available in several years. For the past eight years, the N.C.1. has sponsored a vast program of surveying and col- lecting plants from rain forests around the world and then testing them for anti-AIDS and anti-cancer properties. D.D. Soejarto, research associate in the Museum’s Department of Botany and professor of pharmacognosy at U.I.C., directs the work in Southeast Asia; voucher specimens for all the plants collected are maintained in the Museum’s herbarium. A display explaining the Museum’s role in such studies and the relationship between rain forests and medical research is part of the “Plants of the World” exhibit on the second floor. Since the efficacy of Calanolide-A in vitro was first established, there have been these additional developments: * Scientists at SmithKline Beecham Phar- maceuticals and the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology have inde- pendently reported successful syn- thesis of the substance. ¢ In Malaysia, the Sarawak provincial government has banned logging of the gum tree, Calophyl- lum lanigerum, from which Cala- nolide-A is derived, and has begun a program of cultivating seedlings. Under an agreement with the U.S., Malaysia would receive half the profits from a successful drug, which could amount to billions of dollars. * Soejarto has found a related species, Calophyllum teysmanii, whose latex yields another promis- ing anti-HIV agent, Costatolide. Below, the voucher specimen of Calo- phyllum lanigerum in the Field Museum herbarium, Bottom, D.D. Soe- jarto taps latex from a tree of the Cosia- tolide-bearing species Calophyllum teysmanii in Malaysia. If Costa- tolide proves effec- tive against AIDS, these trees would provide an inex- haustible supply. January/February 1995 Diane Alexander Wh stein / GN87366,26 _ UPSTAIRS, DOWNSTAIRS Right: Georges Collinet, host of National Public Radio’s “Afropop Worldwide” program and an accomplished cook, served up dinner in the Museum’s Rice Wildlife Research Sta- tion before the October 15 World Beat Dance Party in Stanley /GN87415,22 & © x x= & ~ @ = = = ~ $ S s = 2 = & i=) Left: Angel C. Alcala, secre- tary of the Department of the Environment and Natural Resources of the Philippines, shows off the Tiffany globe he was given October 19 as part of the Museum's Cen- tennial Award of Merit. Looking on is Doug Walter, co-chair of the Founders’ Council. Dr. Alcala is an authority on reptiles and amphibians and a leading figure in marine ecology. Dr. Dolores Cross, president of Chicago State University and the only mem- ber of the Museum’s Board of Trustees fo compete in the Dino Dash September 5, receives a ribbon from Kerry Finnegan, vice president of Health Direct, the lead corpo- rate sponsor of the event. The 5K run closed out a year of Museum Centen- nial celebrations. dames Balocim ‘ 98 /GNgz 311g. 27 James Balodimas / GN87347.34 Anna C. Roosevelt, curator of anthropol- ogy (above), and Barry Chernoff, curator of fishes, dis- cussed their research in special programs for Museum donors. GN87353,25A Field Hall, co-sponsored by the Museum and WBEZ-FM. Left: Jacqueline Carter, assistant to the President for cultural understanding, and Alice Murata of the Chicago Japanese American Historical Society, ata December 10 reception mark- ing the opening of “Taking Root,” the Chicago component of the touring exhibit “Strength & Diversity: Japanese American Women 1885-1990,” which opens January 13. James Balodimnas / GN87356.13 Jamas Balodimas / GN87357.36 The Women’s Board hosted the annual Family Holi- day Tea December 7. Co-chairs Paula Jerome and Colleen Jones wel- come Santa to the Museum. This year the Women’s Board also spon- sored a Student Achieve- ment Holiday Salute to honor ten students, selected for their achievement in sci- ence, and their families. Pic- tured are the student achievers from Orville T. Bright Elementary School and Philip H. Sheridan School, with Museum President Willard L. Boyd and the schools’ principals. CALENDAR OF EVENTS STRENGTH AND DIVERSITY: JAPANESE AMERICAN WOMEN 1885-1990 Os TH te es Japanese women arrived in turn-of-the-century America filled with dreams of a better life; a w century later, their granddaughters and great-granddaughters in America are realizing that dream. The Field Museum’s new temporary exhibit, “Strength and Diversity: Japanese American Women 1885-1990,” chronicles the lives of these women from their arrival in the New World through World War II internment to the pre- sent. A Members’ Preview of this exhibit will be offered on January 12, and it will be open to the public January 13 through March 19. “Strength and Diversity” uses artifacts, pho- tographs, literary and artistic works and oral histories to document three generations of women. Many first-generation (Issei) women came as “picture brides” who had no idea whom they would marry. “I was 17 years old. I went to Hawaii to marry this photograph. We carried so many dreams with us over the ocean,” said one of these Japanese “picture brides.” A focal point of “Strength and Diversity” is a “Threads of Remembrance” quilt which represents the history of Japanese-American women. Created by hundreds of women specif- ically for the exhibition, the quilt interweaves patterns characteristic of Japanese culture with the traditional form of American quilting. Quilt project director Naoko Ito observes that “Issei women have .. . gen- tly touched the appliques ... and cried openly as they recalled their experiences, especially during their incarceration during World War II. They say ‘Don’t you forget what happened; that’s me carrying the baby in my arms on my way to camp!’” Other artifacts include a turn-of-the-cen- tury kimono similar to those brought to Amer- ica by “picture brides,” a World War II Women’s Army Corps uniform, objects from wartime relocation, rare photographs, and memorabilia from annual “Day of Remem- brance” pilgrimages to former detention camps. The artifacts traveling with the exhibition are mostly pre-World War II objects which are exceedingly rare because many possessions were destroyed, lost, or confiscated during the war. “Strength and Diversity” was produced by the National Japanese American Historical Society in collaboration with the Oakland Museum and developed for circulation by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibit Ser- vice (sites). At The Field Museum, it is co- sponsored by the Chicago Japanese American Historical Society. KIDS BRIDGE ids Bridge” is a lively exhibit for chil- kK dren and their families. It encourages them to examine ethnic and racial iden- tities and to explore the many different cul- tures, languages, and neighborhoods of the metropolitan Chicago area. It takes a look at prejudice in a supportive environment. The exhibit will be at the Museum through Febru- ary 19, 1995. Through many activities, visitors to the exhibit can explore and express many aspects of their individual, family, and community experiences. Visitors “peek inside” apartment windows and see how nine Chicago communi- ties celebrate special occasions. The window scenes portray La Virgen de Guadalupe, cre- ated by Mujeres Latinas en Accion; preparing for Easter, created by the Polish Museum; Christmas Day, created by Okee-Chee’s Wild Horse Gallery; a Celebration of the Three Kings, created by the Ruiz Belvis Cultural Cen- ter; a New Year’s Celebration, created by the Chinese American Service League; a Nigerian Yam Festival; and an Irish-American celebration. The window scenes and pushcarts loaded with toys, food, games, and clothing offer visi- tors a sampling of Chicago’s rich cultural diversity. Interactive videodiscs provide oppor- tunities to experience (through children’s per- spectives) encounters with intolerance The goal of “Kids Bridge” is to support families and children in a world which is becoming increasingly diverse. This exhibit speaks to the daily lives of American children, encouraging them to join with others in pro- moting a multi-racial society based on mutual respect. “Kids Bridge” was developed by the Boston Children’s Museum and organized for national tour by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibit Service (srrEs). Several workshops will complement the exhibit; see the Get Smart page for more infor- mation. Yuki Okinaga Llewellyn, now an associate dean at the University of Illinois, was three years old when she was moved with her family to a relocation camp. dom. From a 40-foot squid to a microscopic head louse, visitors will meet a multitude of exotic as well as more familiar animals. Visi- tors begin their journey with a series of brief encounters encouraging them to review their definition of animals. They then enter “Animal Colors, Shapes & Sizes,” which focuses on diverse animal habitats, highlighting the abun- Hy WHAT IS AN ANIMAL? his colorful new permanent exhibit chal- lenges visitors to discover the surprising scope and diversity of the animal king- dance of animal life in the ocean; “Making a Living,” which explores the five esential func- tions needed for survival; “Animal Skeletons,” which reveals different types of skeletons, including many without bones; and “Animal Groups,” which introduces visitors to the way scientists classify animals. The exhibit is located just off the south- west corner of Stanley Field Hall in the Daniel F. and Ada L. Rice Wing. Clem Albers Photo, National Archives ; JANUARY/FEBRUARY EVENTS This woman and child, with their neighbors in the Japanese American community of Bain- bridge Island, Wash- ington, near Seattle, were removed to Camp Manzanar in the California desert. Aids New Year’s Day The Field Museum will be closed on New Year’s Day. Regular hours will resume on January 2. Happy New Year. Vie Nature Camera Club 7:30 p.m. Bill Glass will present a program on “How to Photograph Small Critters with Close-up Flash.” Everyone is invited to this Nature Camera Club meeting. For more information, call Bill Burger at (312) 922- 9410, ext. 318. Museum of History and Industry, Seattle Thursday Members’ Preview: Strength & Diversity 5-9 p.m. Strength and Diversity: Japanese American Women 1885-1990, features three generations of Japanese American women’s history. At 6 p.m. Mei T. Nakano, author of Japanese American Women: Three Generations 1890-1990, will speak in James Simpson Theatre. A book signing will be held immediately following. Individual members may bring one guest, family mem- bers may bring their immediate household. Light refreshment will be available. For information call (312) 922-9410, ext. 453. 1 / 1 3 Friday Exhibit Opens: Strength & Diversity 1/14 sun Activities: Strength & Diversity Learn origami (paper folding) by internation- ally-renowned origami designer Kubota-sen- sei. Listen to Kamishibai (Japanese story- telling) and make cards symbolizing the Asian lunar calender. | Fat ale Cranes and Wishes 1-3 p.m. Come and make paper cranes and learn the story of making wishes as part of the Field Museum’s traveling exhibit “Strength and Diversity.” Free with Museum general admission. 1/28 sce Family Overnight 5:45 p.m. to 9 a.m. Sunday. Join our popu- lar overnight for adults with children grades 1-6. $40 per participant ($35 for members). Preregistration is required. Call (312) 322- 8854 for a Field Guide brochure. 4d Pgh Chicago Shell Club 1-4 p.m. Chicago Shell Club President John Slapcinsky hosts a tour of the mollusk research collection at The Field Museum. For more information, please call Lynn Funkhouser at (312) 467-4340. 2/13 seni Photo Competition 7:30 p.m. The Nature Camera Club spon- sors a slide competition, “Abstracts in Nature.” Entries will be scored and dis- cussed by three judges. Everyone is wel- come. For more information, please contact Bill Burger at (312) 922-9410, ext. 318. DAB 19 smn Winterbreak Chicago Watch ice-skating demonstrations at Skate on State in downtown Chicago, then come to The Field Museum to celebrate winter indoors. Make Eskimo snow goggles, find out about Ice Age mammals and how ani- mals survive the winter. Then learn a string game to while away long winter evenings. 2/195 Strength & Diversity: Day of Remembrance 2 p.m. Attend an annual memorial in obser- vance of Executive Order 9066, issued in 1942, which gave the U.S. Army the authority to remove 120,000 persons of Japanese descent, including U.S. citizens, from their homes on the west coast and place them in concentration camps. Mit- suye Yamada will read from her book Camp Notes and Other Poems. FES oe Japanese Kite-making 11 a.m. —1 p.m. Watch how Japanese kites are made and make one to fly yourself! This activity is part of the Museum’s tempo- rary exhibit Strength and Diversity. Free with Museum general admission. a oe Winter Celebration 12-2 p.m. Celebrate the last day of winter on the Asian lunar calender. During a Set- subun, make oni (demon) masks and throw peanuts to ward off evil spirits, encouraging good luck to enter your home. Sit and listen to Japanese folk tales by master story teller Ann Shimojima. Free with Museum general admission. ‘KIDS BRIDGE’ WORKSHOPS HIGHLIGHT VARIETY OF TRADITIONS rough the “Kids Bridge” exhibit chil- dren and adults can explore their ethnic and racial identities, find out more about the communities of metropolitan Chicago, and learn about other cultures. The Field Museum is offering the follow- ing workshops in conjunction with “Kids Bridge,” which runs through February 19. Call 322-8854 for a Field Guide brochure. 1/22 Sunday Growing Up Mexican What do you think it would be like growing up in Mexico? Find out how other children live as you learn how Mexican families often build their homes from a special clay that dries in the sun as hard as stone. Play with toys including pifiatas and create party decorations from paper called “papel picado” or “picked paper.” Make tortillas and eat Mexican sweet bread. For adults and children age 3 & 4 years. Cost is $14 ($12 members) for one adult and one child. Hours are 10-11 a.m. 1/22 Sunday j Juegos! Toys and Games from Mexico Have you ever wondered what children from Mexico do for fun? You'll find out as you join us in this children's workshop by playing with boleros, pifiatas, and marionettes. For children grades 3-6. Cost is $14 ($12 members) for each child. Hours are 1—3 p.m. 2/12 Sunday Rhythms of the Caribbean: Music from Puerto Rico and Cuba Explore the world of percussion instruments from Puerto Rico and Cuba and learn about their African origins during this family work- shop. You can then try your hand at playing the musical styles of the Rhumba, Yuba, Bata, and more! For adults and children grades K and up. Cost is $9 per participant ($7 per member par- ticipant). Hours are 10 a.m. — noon. 2/12 Sunday Chinese New Year Celebration “Xin Nian Kwai Le” is the Chinese way to say Happy New Year! Celebrate the Year of the Pig and learn how Chinese families prepare for this important time by making special foods and decorations for their homes. During this Family Workshop you will make a colorful dragon kite and fly it outside (weather permit- ting) to welcome in the New Year! For adults and children grades 3-6, Cost is $9 per partici- pant ($7 per member participant). Hours are 10 a.m. — noon. COME SEE WHAT’S NEW! number of new classes are being offered for adults; only a sampling is listed below. Call (312) 322-8854 for a augment instruction, Cost is $53 ($45 mem- bers). Hours are 7—8:30 p.m. Field Guide brochure. Preregistration is FAMILY PROGRAMS required. 1/27 & 2/10 Fridays ADULT PROGRAMS A Family Trek through Time: “Teeth, Tusks 2/22 - 3/15 Wednesdays African Heritage and the Music of America traces the origins and development of African- American music through spirituals, blues, chil- dren's games and songs, and gospel. The course surveys African-American music with major emphasis on its significant and influential musical forms. 2/4 Saturday Making Sense of Diversity: Beginning Classification Examine the general concept of classification as it relates to the living world with Tom Lam- mers, curator of botany, and learn how scien- tists piece together diverse kinds of information that reveal relationships in nature. Cost is $35 ($30 members). Hours are 9 a.m. — 2 p.m. 3/1-29 Wednesdays History and Techniques of Ancient Egyptian Dance Learn various Egyptian dance forms, veil manipulation, finger-cymbal usage, body isola- tion movements, and cane and sword balanc- ing. A slide presentation and lecture will & Tar Pits” Exhibit Walk-through Join Field Museum geology specialist Peter Laraba for this after-hours opportunity to view the “Teeth, Tusks & Tar Pits” exhibit. For adults and children grades K and up. Cost is $9 per participant ($7 per member participant). Hours for either evening are 7-9 p.m. 2/11 Saturday Stories from Africa The many countries of Africa have rich and diverse storytelling traditions. We'll explore some of them and listen to stories from Nigeria on the west coast to Ethiopia on the east coast. For adults and children grades 2-4. Cost is $9 per participant ($7 members). Hours are 10 a.m. — noon. 2/18 Saturday Family Life in the Arctic Tf you think Chicago is cold, imagine what it must be like at the top of the globe! Learn about the clothing that helps people stay warm in this environment, and hear stories that are told by Inuit people. For adults and children grades 3-6. Cost is $9 per participant ($7 per member participant). Hours are 1—3 p.m. Become a Member of The Field Museum and receive these benefits: Free admission Free priority admission to “Life Over Time” Free coat checking and strollers Invitation to Members’ Night Priority invitations to special exhibits Free subscription to In the Field 13-month wall calendar featuring exhibit photographs Reduced subscription prices on selected magazines 10% discount at all Museum stores Use of our 250,000-volume natural history library Discount on classes, field trips, and seminars for adults and children Members-only tour program Opportunity to attend the annual children’s Holiday Tea Children’s “dinosaur” birthday card 10% discount at Picnic in the Field V¥ ¥¥ oF VY FY -YAYOy Vevey MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION New Members only. This is not a renewal form. Please enroll me as a Member of The Field Museum Name Address City State___— Zip Home phone (____) Business phone (____) GIFT APPLICATION FOR Name Address City State Zip Home phone ( iy Business phone ( ) GIFT FROM Name Address City States Zip Home phone ( ) Business phone ( ) SEND GIFT CARD TO O Donor © Recipient MEMBERSHIP CATEGORIES O Individual — one year $35 / two years $65 O Family — one year $45 / two years $85 (Includes two adults, children and grand- children 18 and under.) . O Student/Senior — one year $25 (Individual only. Copy of I.D. required.) O Field Contributor — $100 - $249 O Field Adventurer — $250 - $499 O Field Naturalist — $500 - $999 O Field Explorer — $1,000 - $1,499 All benefits of a family membership —and more O Founders’ Council — $1,500 Send form to: Membership Department, The Field Museum, Roosevelt Rd. at Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605. Or charge your gift member- ship by phone: (312) 922-9410, ext. 453. James Balodimas Drummer, Senegal, 1993. The role of drums in African cultures is among the topics to be explored during the African Heritage Festival. Museum Highlight Tours will be given at 11am every weekday except on African Heritage Days. Additional Highlight tours are listed below. Tuesday, January 3 9am-noon Ow! Pellet activity Wednesday, January 4 9am-noon Arthropod Cart Friday, January 6 10am—2pm Terrific Teeth activity Find out how teeth and jaw struc- tures reveal what an animal eats. Saturday, January 7 11am Museum Highlights tour 10am-—noon Horns and Antlers 10am—3pm Africa Puzzle Map Sunday, January 8 10am—3pm Africa Puzzle Map Tuesday, January 10 9am-noon Owl Pellet activity Wednesday, January 11 9am-noon Ow! Pellet activity Friday, January 13 Strength & Diversity: Japanese American Women 1885-1990 Exhibit Opens 10am—2pm Lava activity Saturday, January 14 Strength & Diversity: Japanese American Women 1885-1990 11am-—12:30pm Nengajo / New Year Cards activity 11:30am “Tibet Today” and “A Faith in Exile” Slide lec- ture Ipm-3pm Origami activity 12:30pm Kamishibai — Japanese Storytelling 10am-3pm Africa Puzzle Map Sunday, January 15 10am-3pm Africa Puzzle Map Tuesday, January 17 9 am-noon Ow! Pellets Wednesday, January 18 9 am-noon Arthrocart Friday, January 20 10am —3pm Pareus activity. Learn Pacific Islander dress styles. Saturday, January 21 9am-—3pm Africa Puzzle Map Sunday, January 22 9am -3pm Africa Puzzle Map 1pm-3pm 1001 Cranes and Wishes activity 1pm—3pm Ribbon Fish activity Fish, especially those that can swim against the current, are admired for their fortitude and determination. Try making fish out of ribbons. Tuesday, January 24 9Yam-noon Ow! Pellet Activity Wednesday, January 25 11am-noon Arthropods Friday, January 27 10am—2pm Shell demonstration Did you know that shells are “left- handed” or “right-handed”? Saturday, January 28 11am—1pm Kimono demonstration 11am-1pm Hako / Paper Boxes demonstration of how to make vari- ous boxes out of paper. 10am-—3pm Africa Puzzle Map Sunday, January 29 10am-3pm Africa Puzzle Map noon Japanese Tea Ceremony 1pm Temari ball demonstration 1:30 pm "Tibet Today” and “Bhutan: Land of the Thunder Dragon” Slide lecture Monday, January 30 1pm Museum Highlights Tour Wednesday, February 1 Tpm Museum Highlights Tour Thursday, February 2 1pm Museum Highlights Tour Friday, February 3 1pm Museum Highlights Tour 10am—2pm American Indian Tools Saturday, February 4 10am-noon Arthropod Cart Activity 17am Museum Highlights Tour 10am—3pm African Puzzle Map 2pm African Sounds performance with musician Musa Mosely Sunday, February 5 11am—4pm African Heritage Festi- val Kickoff See schedule at right Monday, February 6 Tpm Museum Highlights Tour Tuesday, February 7 10am—1pm African Heritage School Festival See schedule at right Wednesday, February & Tpm Museum Highlights Tour Jam-noon Arthropod Cart Thursday, February 9 10am-1pm African Heritage School Festival See schedule at right Friday, February 10 10am—1pm African Heritage School Festival See schedule at right Saturday, February 11 1:30 pm “Tibet Today” and “Bhutan: Land of the Thunder Dragon” Slide lecture 2pm African Sounds performance with musician Musa Moseley Sunday, February 12 2pm African Sounds performance with musician Musa Moseley Monday, February 13 1pm Museum Highlights Tour Tuesday, February 14 9Yam-noon Owl Pellet activity 1pm Museum Highlights Tour Wednesday, February 15 9am-—noon Arthropods 1pm Museum Highlight Tour Thursday, February 16 1pm Museum Highlight Tour Friday, February 17 1pm Museum Highlight Tour Saturday, February 18 11am-—2pm String Games activity 10am-3pm Africa Puzzle Map Sunday, February 19 10am-3pm African Adinkra 11am—2pm String Games activity 2pm “Day of Remembrance” The Chicago Japanese American Histor- ical Society will host this memorial observance of the World War Il Executive Order which placed 120,000 persons of Japanese descent (including U.S. citizens) in concentration camps. Monday, February 20 1pm Museum Highlights Tour Wednesday, February 22 1pm Museum Highlights Tour Thursday, February 23 1pm Museum Highlights Tour Friday, February 24 1pm Museum Highlights Tour Saturday, February 25 10am-=1pm Terrific Teeth 10am-—3pm African Puzzle Map 11am-1pm Daruma Charms 1pm-2pm Japanese Kite Making Watch how Japanese kites are made and make one to fly yourself. 1pm Kamishibai — Storytelling VISITOR PROGRAMS AFRICAN HERITAGE FESTIVAL IN HONOR OF BLACK HISTORY MONTH FEBRUARY 5, 7, 9 & 10 Sunday, February 26 1pm-—3pm Setsubun A celebration to encourage demons to leave your house and good luck to enter it. Make oni (demon) masks and throw peanuts to ward off evil spir- its from your home. 10am-—3pm African Adinkra 1pm-—3pm Japanese Folk Tales 1:30pm “Tibet Today” and “A Faith in Exile” Slide lecture GNB7402 31 papain Setibetian ‘Photographs by . . ey ‘Above, Barbara Pearlman (right) and Sue Ronggy (center), co- “Hello, Operator, Get : __ me T-rex on the fine.” __ ter and great-grand- daughter of Charles | Knigtit, pose beneath the artist’s celebrated. depiction of a battle between Triceratops and Tyrannosaurus rex. : GN87354.34 A fallen log in the Coal Age Forest provides a perch for hese weary but happy trekkers. At lett, John Flynn, chatrivian of the Department of Geology and scien- tific advisor for the exhibit, i: is inter- viewed during a press preview, BIRDS... (Continued from page I) live primarily in low shrubs or on the ground. This pattern differs from that observed at high buildings and TV towers, where birds of the forest canopy often make up a big proportion of the casualties. t the other end of the spectrum, this project has produced some unusual records for this part of Illinois. Three times we have found Black Rails. The first nest ever found for a Black Rail was discovered on the south side of Chicago at Lake Calumet in 1875, but the species has only rarely been seen in the Chicago area since. The three records from McCormick Place suggest that this secretive bird is probably more com- mon in the area than bird-watching records indicate. This November, we found a Yellow Palm Warbler. While Palm Warblers are abun- dant migrants through Chicago, almost all are the western subspecies; the yellow subspecies that breeds in eastern Canada had never before been documented adequately in Illinois. Per- haps the most surprising bird was a Brewer’s Sparrow we found in spring of 1986. This species is normally found in sagebrush flats west of the prairies and in high valleys of the western mountains. The only prior record in Illinois came in 1982 when one individual was seen by birders at Jackson Park. The McCor- mick Place bird is the first specimen documen- tation of the species for the state, and only the second east of the Mississippi River. The large number of specimens that we have accumulated over the years now allow us to look for population trends in the more com- mon species. Presumably, if any of these species is declining, that decline will be evident in the numbers we find. We are in the prelimi- nary stages of our analyses, and for most species we are finding that the numbers are fairly stable. There is a lot of year to year varia- tion, some of it dependent on weather condi- tions during migration, some of it perhaps dependent on how suc- cessful the breeding season was, but for most species there appears to be no trend either up or down. Two exceptions are the Ovenbird and Nash- ville War- bler, both of which appear to be gradually declin- ing. Unfortu- nately, the only real increase we are seeing is in the Euro- : pean Starling, a species that was intro- duced to North America from Europe in the early part of the century, and which has since become a pest in many parts of this continent. The specimens salvaged from Chicago buildings also allow us to take a closer look at fea- tures of migration that are poorly known. One species that has particularly sparked our interest is the American Wood- cock, a remarkable woodland rel- Above right, the Dark-eyed Junco, Junco hyemalis Right, the Tennesssee Warbler, Vermivora peregrina, the only frequent casualty at McCormick Place that is not normally a ground-dweller. January/February 1995 r] ative of the sandpipers. Male , woodcocks display at night for # females by sitting on the ground, repeating a comical “peent” sound over and over. They then take off in a wide arc in the night sky, pro- life with a sixteen-day voyage to explore this monarchy. ___Morocco’s capital city, Rabat, charms visitors s with a unique blend of ancient mosques and modern offices and buildings. Explore the Hassan Tower, which has remained . unfinished since the 12th century. Travel to Meknes, emerald city of palaces: see the _ tremendous stables built to house 12,000 horses, the Mosqu : of Moulay Ismail, the only mosque accessible to non- Moslems. ‘Examine the archaeological site at E Volsbt ‘third-century Roman city. oe for eeu: oe ‘cul ura and retiols ce Moslem west) Fez is Moro co's oldest pe ct : aes villages, alone with the megnificent epee made this region one of Morocco’ § main attractions. _ Caroline Williams will lead this trip. Cost will be 2 maluding pnd ip airfare Ey Chicago. FIELD MUSEUM TOURS IN 1995: British Columbia and Southeast Alaska (May 24-June 3) @ India (Oct. 19-Nov. 2)