FIFTEENTH CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES : 1930 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE THE NEGRO FARMER IN THE UNITED STATES U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS WASHINGTON Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. A charge is made on all overdue books. U. of I. Library ftp MAY 1 3 1941 NOV 26 1941 •OV221S|67 HAW fe?o HAY3J1970 9324-S U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Roy D. Chapin, Secretary BUREAU OF THE CENSUS W. M. Steuart, Director FIFTEENTH CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES : 1930 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE THE NEGRO FARMER IN THE UNITED STATES UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1933 or sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C Price 10 cents CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. SUMMARY... TEXT TABLES Table 1. — Total Negro population, with percentages by sections: 1930 and 1920... 8 2. — Negro rural population, by sections: 1930 and 1920 9 3. — Negro rural and urban population, by sections, divisions, and States: 1930 and 1910. 10 4. — Population and farm operators by racial classes: 1930 and 1920 11 5. — Increase in population and number of farm operators, 1920 to 1930, by racial classes; and num- ber of operators per 1,000 population of each class: 1930 and 1920 12 6. — Number of counties in each State reporting Negro inhabitants and Negro farmers, 1930 14 7. — Number of Negro and white farm operators, by sections and Southern divisions: 1930 and 1920.. 15 8. — Negro and white farm operators— Increase, 1920 to 1930, and number of operators per 1,000 popu- lation, 1930 and 1920, by sections and Southern divisions 15 9. — Colored farm operators, by age, in Southern divisions and States, and selected Northern States, 1930 - - 17 10. — Colored farm owners, by age, in Southern divisions and States, and selected Northern States, 1930 - 18 11. — Colored farm operators, by years on farm, in Southern divisions and States, and selected North- ern States, 1930 - 20 12.— All land in farms (acres), and area in square miles, by sections and Southern divisions: 1930 and 1920 - - 22 13.— Acreage in farms operated by Negroes and whites, 1930 and 1920; and area in square miles, 1930, by sections and Southern divisions - -- 22 14.— Per cent distribution of acreage in farms operated by Negroes and whites, by sections and South- ern divisions: 1930 and 1920 - - 23 15. — Increase in acreage and square miles in farms operated by Negroes and whites, 1920 to 1930, by sections and Southern divisions -.- 24 16.— Average acreage per farm of Negro and white operators, by sections, and Southern divisions and States: 1930 and 1920.— - 25 17. — Value of land and buildings of all farms and of farms operated by Negroes, by sections: 1930 and 1920... - ----- — - 26 18.— Number of farms and value of land and buildings of Negro farm operators in the Southern States with rank of the States: 1930 and 1920 27 19.— Number of farms and value of land and buildings of Negro operators in the Northern and West- ern States, with rank of the States: 1930 and 1920 -- 28 20.— Number of Negro farm operators, 1930 and 1910, with increase during the 20-year period, 1910 to 1930, by sections, divisions, and States - 30 21.— Land in farms operated by Negroes, 1930 and 1910, with increase during the 20-year period, 1910 to 1930, by sections, divisions, and States... 31 22.— Value of land and buildings of farms operated by Negroes, 1930 and 1910, with increase during the 20-year period, 1910 to 1930, by sections, divisions, and States 32 23.— Number of farm operators, by color and tenure, by sections, 1930. 34 24.— Number of Negro and white farm operators in the United States, by tenure and number of Negro farm operators, by tenure, by sections, 1930, 1920, and 1910 --- 25. — Per cent distribution of owned and tenant farms operated by Negroes by sections and States, 1930, 1920, and 1910 - 39 26.— Number of acres in farms operated by negroes with percentages, by tenure, by sections: 1930 and 1920... 40 27.— Average value of land and buildings of farms operated by Negroes, per farm and per acre, by tenure, by sections, and Southern divisions: 1930 and 1920 41 28.— Value of land in farms operated by Negroes, by tenure, by sections, and divisions, 1930 42 29.— Average size and average value of farms and farm acreage operated by Negro owners and tenants by sections, Southern divisions, and States, 1930 30 — Value of all buildings on farms operated by Negroes, by tenure, by sections, and divisions, 1930. 44 2 fO UNIVERSE Of tGRKWJU CONTENTS 3 Page 31.— Value of land and buildings for farms operated by Negroes, by tenure, by sections: 1930 and 1920 -- - 45 32.— Farms operated by colored full owners, classified according to mortgage status, by Southern divisions and States, and selected Northern States, 1930 46 33.— Value of implements and machinery on farms operated by Negroes, by tenure, by sections, divisions, and States, 1930 47 34.— Farm machinery reported by colored farm operators in the Southern divisions and States, and in selected Northern States, 1930.. 49 35.— Number of Negro farm operators, by tenure, by sections, divisions, and States: 1930 and 1920.. 50 36.— All land in farms operated by Negroes, by tenure, by sections, divisions, and States: 1930 and 1920 52 37.— Value of land and buildings on farms operated by Negroes, by tenure, by sections, divisions, and States: 1930 and 1920 54 38.— Farms operated by Negroes— Number, acreage, and value of specified classes of farm property, by States and counties, 1930 66 MAPS Map of the United States, showing the sections 4 Percentage of total number of farms operated by Negro farmers by States, 1930 13 Percentage of all land in farms operated by Negro farmers by States, 1930 21 Percentage Negro owners are of all Negro farm operators (Southern States only), 1930 35 Percentage Negro tenants are of all Negro farm operators, by States, 1930 36 883629 w CO H w H O M CO EH CO Q a \ j T -3 r .Tr-1 w $ / • o •£ / ? / THE NEGRO FARMER IN THE UNITED STATES BY CHARLES E. HALL Introduction Due largely to the restriction of foreign immigration; to the call of industry for additional labor during the period of the World War and since; to the widespread ravages of the boll weevil; to a low and unstable cotton market, and possibly to other causes not properly withing the scope of this study, a decided shifting of the Negro rural-farm and rural-nonfarm population to the urban industrial centers of the South, North, and West has been in progress for nearly two decades, as indicated by the Fifteenth Decennial Census returns and the comparative figures for prior censuses. This change from an agricultural to an industrial environment, while resulting in a reduction in the number of Negro farmers, in the acreage under cultivation, and in relieving to a considerable extent an overcrowded agricultural labor condition in some of the States, has on the other hand contributed a few aggravating social problems to the highly organized industrial centers; problems that apparently are gradually growing less acute each year. Of particular concern, it is believed, is the effect this migratory movement has had upon the agricultural status of the Negro race as a whole, and possibly upon agriculture as an industry; and it is to a brief presentation of agricultural rather than industrial or social statistics that this monograph is confined. Con- stituting 9.7 per cent of the total population of the United States in 1930; in~ habiting 92.1 per cent of all the counties; carrying on as farm operators either as owners, managers, or tenants in every State and in 68.4 per cent of the counties; and forming 15.5 per cent of the rural-farm population, the farming activities of the Negro are generally listed as an asset to the agricultural resources and wealth of the Nation. Negroes and Indians constitute the only racial groups that are still 50 per cent or more rural; however, if the present trend continues, Negroes will soon become largely urban. Only 42 years ago, at the census of 1890, slightly in excess of 80 per cent (80.2) of the Negro population was rural. In 1900 this rural percentage had fallen to 77.3; in 1910 to 72.7; in 1920 to 66; and in 1930 to 56.3 per cent, as compared with 40.3 per cent rural population for the whites. The Negro rural- farm 1 population which is exclusive of the rural-nonfarm 2 population fell from 48.7 per cent of the total Negro population in 1920 to 39.4 per cent in 1930, while the rural-farm white population dropped from 27.5 of the total white population in 1920 to 22.9 per cent in 1930. But quite significant is the fact that although there was a distinct loss in both Negro and white rural-farm population as well as in the number of farmers in each racial group the land operated by Negroes decreased by 3,835,050 acres, approximately 5,992 square miles, an area slightly larger than the combined land areas of Connecticut and Rhode Island, as compared with a very substantial increase of 34,743,840 acres, or approximately 54,287 square miles for the white farm operators. The de- crease in farm acreage operated by Negroes was mostly in the South, where there 1 The rural farm population as shown for 1930 comprises all persons living on farms in incorporated places of less than 2,500 inhabitants and in territory outside of incorporated places. * The rural-nonfarm population, sometimes termed the "village" population, includes, in general, all persons living outside cities or other incorporated places having 2,500 inhabitants or more who do not live on farms. 5 6 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE was also a decrease in the acreage operated by white farmers, though less marked than that for Negroes. The extent to which this decrease in the Negro rural-farm population and in the number of farm operators has affected the participation of the Negro in agricul- ture in the North, the South, the West and in individual States is clearly indicated in the following tables which principally cover the decade 1920 to 1930, but also include several tables covering the 20 years from 1910 to 1930, the period of the greatest migration of Negroes from the rural-farm to the urban districts. The term "colored" is used to include Negroes, Indians, Chinese, Japanese and other nonwhite races. Figures for "colored" are given only where separate figures for Negroes are not available. The 1930 census was taken as of April 1, 1930; the census of 1920 as of January 1, and the census of 1910 as of April 15. These changes in the dates of enumera- tion have affected somewhat the comparability of the statistics. SUMMARY The statistics within, although but a brief presentation of the major activities of Negroes in agriculture, conclusively show that as farm owners, tenants, and managers they constitute an appreciable but diminishing national asset. The 1930 data indicate that while Negro farmers like those of most racial groups materially decreased in number during the decade 1920 to 1930, their operations have been extended to every State and to more than two-thirds of the 3,100 counties, many of which, however, are not adapted to agriculture. The figures further show that 20 years (1910 to 1930) of migration from the rural districts, particularly of the South, has not increased the number of Negro farmers in the North; has reduced the number in the South and increased only to a small extent the number in the West, and that as a result of present trends the census of 1920 will for years to come, if not permanently, stand out as the peak year for Negro farmers in the United States. As reported at that census there were 925,708 farmers operating 41,432,182 acres, with land and buildings valued at $2,257,645,325, and a 23.6 per cent ownership consisting of 218,612 farms with 13,948,512 acres. Possibly the most significant impairment was the acreage losses of Negro farm owners during the 10 years 1920 to 1930. The loss of owned land (2,749,619 acres) was equivalent to 4,296 square miles, or an area more than twice the size of the State of Delaware, a reduction in acreage to which farm owners in all States except Arizona, Delaware, District of Columbia, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Vermont, and Wyoming contributed. Due to the fact, however, that slightly in excess of 28 per cent of the owners in the South are under 45 years of age, and 57 per cent under 55, and that in the selected Northern States approximately 21 per cent are under 45, and nearly 46 per cent are under 55 years of age, an expansion of acreage in Negro-owned farms and also an increase in the number of owners is a possibility, under favorable agricultural credit conditions accompanied by a restoration of higher market values for farm prod- ucts, Negro owners being less inclined than tenants to respond to the call of industry for wage-workers. In this connection, it is also worthy of note that only 29.9 per cent of the colored fully owned farms in the South were mortgaged, as compared with 39.8 ,per cent of those operated by all racial groups throughout the United States, as a whole. From the 1930 figures showing the distribution of automobiles on farms in the South, it is apparent that there was not a disproportionate number reported by colored operators in that territory. Taking the South as a whole, the average was 4.7 colored farmers, as compared with 2 white farmers per automobile on the farms reported by each group. In six States — Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Alabama — the averages ranged from 5.2 to 7.5 colored farmers per automobile, while the highest average for white farmers was in Arkansas with 3 farmers per automobile. With the distribution based on farm ownership in the South it appears that there were 4,499 more automobiles than colored farm owners, all of whom were Negroes, except 5,889, while among white farmers there were 66,837 more farm owners than automobiles. The decrease in the number of alien nonwhite farmers, and the increase in the number of Negro farmers in the extreme West may or may not be significant of their future expansion in that territory. 7 8 TEXT AND TABLES Negro population. — At the census of 1930, as shown in Table 1, there were 11,891,143 Negro inhabitants in the United States which represented an increase of 1,428,012, or 13.6 per cent between January 1, 1920, and April 1, 1930. This element of the population constitutes 9.7 per cent of the total population in 1930 as compared with 9.9 per cent in 1920. Divided into geographic sections, 2,409,219, or 20.3 per cent were in the North as compared with 14.1 per cent in 1920; 9,361,577, or 78.7 per cent as compared with 85.2 per cent in 1920 were in the South; and 120,347, or 1 per cent as compared with less than 1 per cent in 1920 were in the West. During the 10 years the Negro population in the North increased at the rate of 63.6 per cent; the South showed an increase of 5 per cent, and the West an increase of 53.1 per cent. TABLE 1. — TOTAL NEGRO POPULATION, WITH PERCENTAGES, BY SECTIONS: 1930 AND 1920 SECTION 1930 1980 INCREASE, 1920-1930 Number Per cent United States 11, 891, 143 10, 463, 131 1, 428, 012 13.6 The South 9, 361, 577 2, 409, 219 120, 347 8, 912, 231 1, 472, 309 78, 591 449, 346 936, 910 41, 756 5.0 63.6 53.1 The North The West United States PER CENT DISTRIBUTION 100.0 100.0 100.0 The South 78.7 20.3 1.0 85.2 14.1 0.8 31.5 65.6 2.9 The North The West Negro rural population. — Table 2 is introduced to show for the United States, by sections, the number of Negro inhabitants living in rural areas and incor- porated places having less than 2,500 inhabitants; and especially to show the Negro rural-farm population for which a decrease of 419,440, or 8.2 per cent was reported for the 10 years. This decrease is attributed wholly to the South where there were 425,557 less Negroes on farms than 10 years previous. In the North there was an increase of 3,736, and in the West, 2,381 in the Negro rural-farm population. Negro inhabitants of the rural-nonfarm communities increased 213,012, or 11.8 per cent; the North reporting an increase of 34.4 per cent; the South 9.8 per cent; while the West reported a decrease of 10.2 per cent. Taking the Negro rural population as a whole (rural-farm, and rural-nonfarm) there was a decrease of 206,428, or 3 per cent during the 10 years. The South showed a loss of 266,010; the North an increase of 58,893, and the West a net gain of 689 due to the increase of the Negro rural-farm population. THE 3TEGRO FARMER TABLE 2. — NEGRO RURAL POPULATION, BY SECTIONS: 1930 AND 1920 [A minus sign (-) denotes decrease] 9 SECTION 1930 1930 INCREASE, 1020-1030 Number Per cent United States _ BUBAL POPULATION 6,697,230 6, 903, 658 -206,428 -3.0 The South . . ... 6, 395, 252 280,890 21,088 6, 661, 262 221,997 20,399 —266, 010 -4.0 26.5 3.4 The North 58,893 689 The West ... . United States BUBAL-FARM 4, 680, 523 5, 099, 963 -419,440 -8.2 The South . . 4, 608, 786 65,601 6,136 6, 034, 343 61,865 3,755 -425,557 3,736 2,381 -8.5 6.0 63.4 The North The West United States . ... BUBAL-NONFABM 2, 016, 707 1, 803, 695 218,012 11.8 The South . 1, 786, 466 215, 289 14, 952 1, 626, 919 160, 132 16,644 159, 547 55, 157 -1, 692 9.8 34.4 -10.2 The North The West - ... Results of migration.1 — The years between 1910 and 1930, as shown in Table 3, cover the time during which the migratory movement of the Negro population reached its greatest height since the Civil War period. During these 20 years with very small accretions from other countries the natural growth of the negro population in the United States as a whole was 21 per cent; the Negro urban population increased by 93.5 per cent, while the rural decreased by 6.2 per cent. Dividing the country into sections, the South showed a net gain of 612,150 Negro inhabitants, having lost 499,720 in the rural sections and gained 1,111,870 in the urban communities. The North reported both rural and urban increases to the number of 1,381,545 Negro inhabitants. In the West there was also an increase of both rural and urban Negro inhabitants, principally in California. In this section, which comprises the States constituting the Mountain and Pacific divi- sions, an increase of 10,234 was reported for the rural areas and one of 59,451 for the urban centers. Some of the results of these 20-year losses and gains in the rural population are reflected in the farm operations of the Negro inhabitants, as shown in Tables 20 to 22. 1 See paper "Recent Northward Migration of the Negro" by Dr. Joseph A. Hill, read before the American Sociological Society, Washington, D. C., Dec. 27, 1923, and reprinted from the Monthly Labor Review (March, 1924) of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, United States Department of Labor. 130058—33 2 10 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE TABLE 3. — NEGRO RURAL AND URBAN POPULATION, BY SECTIONS, DIVISIONS, AND STATES: 1930 AND 1910 [A minus sign (-) denotes decrease] SECTION, DIVISION, AND STATE NEGRO POPULATION Rural Urban Increase, 1910-1930 Rural Urban 1930 1910 1930 1910 Number Per cent Number Per cent United States 6, 897, 230 7, 142, 966 5,193,913 2, 684, 797 -445, 736 -6.2 2, 509, 116 93.5 The South 6, 395, 252 6, 894, 972 2,966,325 1, 854, 455 -499, 720 -7.2 1, 111, 870 60.0 2,958,484 3, 202, 968 1,462,904 909,520 244,484 7 6 553, 384 60.8 Delaware . . 17,565 116, 725 20,024 133, 020 15,037 159, 654 132,068 213, 401 31,224 246, 237 138,354 316, 637 210, 292 759, 166 11, 157 99,230 94,446 158, 218 15,380 115,975 101, 702 224,826 88,586 509,097 -2,459 -16,295 -12.3 -12.3 3,880 60,424 37,622 55, 183 15,844 130, 262 36, 652 91,811 121, 706 250,069 34.8 60.9 39.8 34.9 103.0 112.3 36.0 40.8 137.4 49.1 Maryland . District of Columbia. Virginia . . . 436, 764 83,669 672, 410 655, 327 754,488 221, 536 1,899,072 512, 878 48, 793 581,868 734, 141 952, 161 220,083 2, 143, 416 -76,114 34,876 90,542 -78,814 -197,673 1,453 -244,344 -14.8 71.5 15.6 -10.7 -20.8 0.7 -11.4 West Virginia . North Carolina. South Carolina . . Georgia .. Florida East South Central Kentucky 109, 479 237, 478 676, 384 875, 731 1,537,696 155,025 322, 582 751, 679 914, 130 1, 548, 588 116, 561 240, 168 268,450 133, 987 744, 255 106, 631 150,506 156, 603 95, 357 435,838 -45, 546 -85,104 -75, 295 -38,399 -10,892 -29.4 -26.4 -10.0 -4.2 -0.7 9,930 89, 662 111,847 38,630 308, 417 9.3 59.6 71.4 40.5 70.8 Tennessee . -- Alabama Mississippi- - West South Central . .. Arkansas 389,301 518,863 104, 397 525, 135 280,890 383,744 553, 029 100,630 511,185 237, 140 89, 162 257, 463 67,801 329,829 2, 128, 329 59, 147 160,845 36, 982 178,864 790,534 56,445 5,557 -34,166 3,767 13,950 43,750 1.4 -6.2 3.7 2.7 18.4 30,015 96,618 30, 819 150, 965 1, 337, 795 50.7 60.1 83.3 84.4 169.2 Louisiana Oklahoma _. -. Texas The North New England 12,643 9,861 81,443 2,782 28.2 24,998 44.3 Maine 393 196 355 6,042 834 4,823 113, 835 571 208 1,295 2,812 474 4,501 78,624 703 594 213 46,323 9,079 24,531 939,064 792 356 326 35,243 9,055 10, 673 339, 246 -178 -12 -940 3,230 360 322 35,211 -31.2 -5.8 -72.6 114.9 75.9 7.2 44.8 -89 238 -113 11,080 24 13,858 599, 818 -11.2 66.9 -34.7 31.4 0.3 129.8 176.8 New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic New York . 22, 315 33,843 67, 677 81,823 16,705 24,333 37,586 70,294 390,499 174, 985 373,580 848,627 117,486 65, 427 156, 333 230, 542 5,610 9,510 20,091 11,529 33.6 39.1 53.5 16.4 273,013 109, 558 217, 247 618, 085 232.4 167.5 139.0 268.1 New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central Ohio . . . 37, 332 8,940 24,936 9,749 866 72, 589 29,170 11, 895 23,511 4,959 759 78, 361 271, 972 103, 042 304, 036 159, 704 9,873 259, 195 82, 282 48,425 85,538 12,156 2,141 164,301 8,162 -2,955 1,425 4,790 107 -5,772 28.0 -24.8 6.1 96.6 14.1 -7.4 189, 690 54, 617 218, 498 147, 548 7,732 94,894 230.5 112.8 255.4 1,213.8 361.1 57.8 Indiana Illinois. Michigan Wisconsin ... West North Central Minnesota 335 2,195 53,886 161 309 640 15.063 566 5,187 52,990 311 405 1,068 17.834 9,110 15, 185 169, 954 216 337 13, 112 51. 281 6,518 9, 786 104, 462 306 412 6,621 36. 196 -231 -2,992 896 -150 -96 -428 -2.771 -40.8 -57.7 1.7 -48.2 -23.7 —40. 1 2,592 5,399 65, 492 -90 -75 6,491 15, 085 39.8 55.2 62.7 -29.4 -18.2 98.0 41.7 Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Kansas... -15.5 THE NEGRO FARMER 11 TABLE 3. — NEGRO RURAL AND URBAN POPULATION, BY SECTIONS, DIVISIONS, AND STATES: 1930 AND 1910 — Continued SECTION, DIVISION, AND STATE NEGRO POPULATION Rural Urban Increase, 1910-1930 Rural Urban 1930 1910 1930 1910 Number Per cent Number Per cent The West .. . 21.088 10. 854 99, 259 39.808 10.234 94.8 59.451 149.3 Mountain 9,193 6,021 21,032 15,446 3,172 52.7 5,586 36.2 Montana. 229 166 391 1,357 1,132 5,602 164 152 11, 895 379 225 1,194 2,094 833 699 185 412 4,833 1,027 502 859 10, 471 1,718 5,147 944 364 78,227 1,455 426 1,041 9,359 795 1,310 959 101 24,362 -150 -59 -803 -737 299 4,903 -21 -260 7,062 -39.6 -26.2 -67.3 -35.2 35.9 701.4 -11.4 -63.1 146.1 -428 76 -182 1,112 923 3,837 —15 -29.4 17.8 -17.5 11.9 116.1 292.9 -1.6 260.4 221.1 Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah . Nevada 263 53,865 Pacific Washington.. 1,022 344 10,529 1,359 228 3,246 5,818 1,890 70, 519 4,699 1,264 18,399 -337 116 7,283 -24.8 50.9 224.4 1,119 626 52,120 23.8 49.5 283.3 Oregon California. . Racial class. — Table 4 summarizes the figures for the total population and farm operators of the United States by color or race for 1920 and 1930. Negroes con- stituted 9.7 per cent of the total population and 14 per cent of the farm operators in 1930 as compared with a 9.9 per cent population and a 14.4 per cent farm opera- tor proportion in 1920 while the white population showed increases of one-tenth of 1 per cent both in the proportion of their total population and farm operators. All of the other racial classes combined did not contribute as much as 1 per cent to the total number of inhabitants or farm operators either in 1920 or 1930. TABLE 4.- -POPULATION AND FARM OPERATORS BY RACIAL CLASSES: 1930 AND 1920 RACIAL CLASS POPULATION FARM OPERATORS 1930 1930 1930 1930 All classes NUMBER 122, 775, 046 105, 710, 620 6, 288, 648 6,448,343 Negro.. 11,891,143 110,289,870 332, 397 138,834 74,954 47,848 10,463,131 94, 823, 422 244,437 111,010 61, 639 6,981 882, 850 5, 372, 578 26,817 5,840 476 87 925,708 5, 498, 454 16,680 6,892 609 White ' Indian Japanese. Chinese. All other nonwhite All classes . . PER CENT DISTRIBUTION 100.0 100.0 loo. e 100.0 Negro 9.7 89.8 0.3 0.1 0.1 (2) 9.9 89.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 (!) 14.0 85.4 0.4 0.1 (2) (2) 14.4 85.3 0.3 0.1 (J) White i Indian. Japanese.. Chinese All other nonwhite 1 Includes Mexicans and Hindus. ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 12 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE Increase by racial class. — Table 5 shows an increased population of 17,064,426, but a decrease of 159,695 in the number of farm operators between 1920 and 1930. There was a loss of 125,876 white farmers whose ratio dropped from 58 to 49 opera- tors per 1,000 white inhabitants during the 10-year period. Negro farmers decreased 42,858, or from 88 operators in 1920 per 1,000 Negro inhabitants to 74 in 1930. Japanese and Chinese farmers also decreased in number, while the Indian farmers increased by 10,137, or from 68 to 81 farm operators per 1,000 Indian inhabitants from 1920 to 1930. The increase in the number of farms operated by Indians is due mainly to a change in the method of enumerating the farming operations on Indian reserva- tions. In 1930 special efforts were made to obtain a schedule for each individual Indian engaged in agriculture, while in 1920 many reservation groups were enumerated as single farms. The figures shown in Tables 4 and 5, therefore, do not necessarily represent radical changes in the number of Indians actually engaged in farming. TABLE 5. — INCREASE IN POPULATION AND NUMBER OP FARM OPERATORS, 1920 TO 1930, BY RACIAL CLASSES; AND NUMBER OF OPERATORS PER 1,000 POPULA- TION OP EACH CLASS: 1930 AND 1920 [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease] RACIAL CLASS INCREASE, 1920-1930 FARM OPERA- TORS PER 1,000 POPULATION OF EACH CLASS Number Per cent Population Farm operators Popula- tion Farm operators 1930 1920 All classes 17, 064, 428 -159,695 16.1 -2.5 51 61 Negro 1, 428, 012 15, 466, 448 87, 960 27,824 13, 315 40,867 -42,858 -125,876 10, 137 -1,052 -133 87 13.6 16.3 36.0 25.1 21.6 585.4 -4.6 -2.3 60.8 -15.3 -2L8 74 49 81 42 6 2 88 58 68 62 10 White. Indian Japanese. Chinese . . . . All other nonwhite Negro farmers by counties. — Table 6 shows the number of counties by States, and the number reporting Negro inhabitants and Negro farm operators at the census of 1930. There are Negro inhabitants and Negro farmers in every State. Slightly in excess of 92 per cent (92.1) of the 3,100 counties reported Negro inhab- itants, and more than 68 per cent (68.4) reported Negro farmers. In five States — Connecticut, Delaware, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina — Negro far- mers operated in every county. Alabama, North Carolina, and Rhode Island reported 1 county each in which there were none; Florida and Maryland, 2 each; Georgia, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Tennessee, and Vermont, 3 each; while 5 each were reported for Arizona and New Hampshire; 6 for Kentucky, Ohio, and Oklahoma; and 8 for Maine. All other States reported more than 10 counties each in which there were no Negro farmers, the number of counties ranging from 12 in Arkansas to 65 in Texas with its 254 counties. The State of Utah with 29 counties, only two of which reported Negro farmers, has the lowest percentage of counties showing farmers of this racial class. THE NEGRO FABMEB 13 14 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE TABLE 6. — NUMBER OF COUNTIES IN EACH STATE REPORTING NEGRO INHABI- TANTS AND NEGRO FARMERS, 1930 STATE NUMBER OF COUNTIES STATE NUMBER OF COUNTIES Total Re- port- ing Ne- gro in- habit- ants Re- port- ing Ne- gro farm- ers Total Re- port - ing Ne- gro in- habit- ants Re- port- ing Ne- gro farm- ers United States '3,100 2,855 2,119 Nebraska 93 17 10 21 31 62 100 53 88 77 36 67 5 46 69 95 254 29 14 124 39 55 71 24 65 15 10 21 28 62 100 33 87 73 32 66 5 46 45 95 243 13 13 124 33 54 55 22 21 3 5 18 9 44 99 10 82 71 6 44 4 46 23 92 189 2 H 106 20 39 27 8 Alabama 67 14 75 58 63 8 3 1 67 161 44 102 92 99 105 120 64 16 24 14 83 87 82 115 56 67 13 72 57 54 8 3 1 67 160 30 96 86 87 99 120 64 16 24 14 76 71 82 103 45 66 9 63 36 20 8 3 1 65 158 9 60 60 32 78 114 64 8 22 11 56 18 82 83 14 New Hampshire Arizona New Jersey Arkansas New Mexico California New York Colorado Connecticut North Carolina North Dakota Delaware Ohio District of Columbia Florida Oklahoma . Oregon . . Georgia - Idaho Pennsylvania.. Rhode Island Illinois Smith Carolina Indiana South Dakota Iowa Tennessee Kansas Kentucky Texas Utah Louisiana Vermont . Maine Virginia Maryland.. Washington Massachusetts Michigan West Virginia Wisconsin Minnesota Wyoming Mississippi Missouri Montana i Includes Baltimore city. St. Louis city, 24 independent cities in Virginia, and that part of Yellowstone National Park located in Wyoming. Sectional changes. — The distribution of Negro and white farmers by sections and southern geographic divisions for 1920 and 1930 is shown in Table 7. Al- though noteworthy changes in the total number of farmers in both groups have occurred during the 10 years, but slight differences in the per cent distribution by sections are indicated for the two census periods. Of the 925,708 Negro farmers reported in 1920 only 10,113, or 1.1 per cent lived outside of the South, as compared with 11,914, or 1.4 per cent in 1930. But while the number of Negro farmers decreased in the South and made slight gains in the North and West, white farmers increased in the South and West but decreased in the States forming the North. Of the 5,498,454 white farm operators reported at the 1920 census 2,283,750, or 41.5 per cent were in the South, as compared with 2,342,129, or 43.6 per cent at the census of 1930. With less than 2 per cent (1.4) of the negro farmers living in the North and West, slightly more than 56 per cent (56.4) of the white farmers operate in the Northern and Western States. In the South the increases in the number of Negro farmers in the East South Central and West South Central divisions were insufficient to cover the decreases in the South Atlantic division which includes several States, notably Georgia, South Carolina, and Virginia, in which both Negro inhabitants and Negro farmers de- creased greatly during the 10 years 1920 to 1930. THE NEGRO FARMER 15 TABLE 7. — NUMBER OF NEGRO AND WHITE FARM OPERATORS, BY SECTIONS AND SOUTHERN DIVISIONS: 1930 AND 1920 SECTION AND DIVISION FARM OPERATORS Negro White 1930 1980 1930 1920 NUMBER United States 882, 850 925, 708 5, 372, 578 5,498,464 The South 870, 936 295, 934 320,600 254,402 11,104 810 915, 595 382, 278 307,006 226,311 9,380 733 2,342,129 760,089 741, 255 840,785 2, 545, 829 484,620 2, 283, 750 77V 144 744,368 764,238 2, 750, 203 464, 501 South Atlantic East South Central West South Central The North . . .... The West United States PER CENT DISTRIBUTION 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 The South 98.7 33.5 36.3 28.8 1.3 0.1 98.9 41.3 33.2 24.4 1.0 0.1 43.6 14,1 13.8 15.6 47.4 9.0 41.5 14.1 13.5 13.9 50.0 8.4 South Atlantic East South Central West South Central The North The West Increases and decreases. — The extent of the increases and decreases in the number of Negro and white farm operators in the United States by sections and southern divisions, and the ratio of operators per 1,000 population of each are shown in Table 8. Between 1920 and 1930 Negro farmers decreased by 42,858, or at the rate of 4.6 per cent, as compared with a decrease of 125,876, or 2.3 per cent for the white farmers. The ratio of Negro farmers per 1,000 Negro popula- tion fell from 88 in 1920 to 74 in 1930 as against a decrease from 58 in 1920 to 49 in 1930 in the ratio for the white farmers. The West South Central division com- prising the States of Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas is the only geographic division that reported an increased ratio of Negro farmers per 1,000 Negro population, and it was this group of Southwestern States that reported the largest increase of Negro farmers, each State in the group having reported increases over 1920, as is shown in Table 35. TABLE 8. — NEGRO AND WHITE FARM OPERATORS — INCREASE, 1920 TO 1930, AND NUMBER OP OPERATORS PER 1,000 POPULATION, 1930 AND 1920, BY SECTIONS AND SOUTHERN DIVISIONS [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease] SECTION AND DIVISION INCREASE, 1920-1930 FARM OPERATORS PER 1,000 POPULATION Farm operators Per cent Negro White Negro White Negro White 1930 1920 1930 1920 United States. -42, 858 -125,878 -4.6 -2.3 74 88 49 58 The South -44, 659 -86,344 13, 594 28,091 1,724 77 58,379 -15,055 -3, 113 76,547 -204, 374 20,119 -4.9 -22.6 4.4 12.4 18.4 10.5 2.6 -1.9 -0.4 10.0 -7.4 4.3 93 67 121 111 5 7 103 88 122 110 6 9 85 67 103 92 36 45 95 80 117 94 44 54 South Atlantic East South Central West South Central The North The West 16 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE Age of colored operators. — No separate tabulations were made of the two in- quiries concerning the age and the term of occupancy of Negro farmers, who with the Indian, Japanese, Chinese, and other nonwhite farmers are included under the general classification "Colored farm operators." But as 98.8 per cent of all colored farmers in the South, and 98.5 per cent of those in the seven selected Northern States here presented are Negroes, and for the additional reason that nearly 85 per cent (84.7) of all Negro farmers in the North and West are located in these seven States, it is believed that the data on age and term of occupancy shown in Tables 9, 10, and 11 may be accepted as indicating definite age and occupancy trends among the Negro farmers of the Nation. The above explana- tion also applies to other tables (32 and 34) in which the classification colored instead of Negro is used. According to age. — As shown in Table 9, nearly 97 per cent of the colored farmers under all tenures in the South and fully 98 per cent of those in the seven Northern States reported their ages. Contrary to the rather widespread belief that the operations on Negro farms are being conducted largely, or to an unusual extent, by so-called old men it appears that 76.9 per cent of these farms in the South and 66.8 per cent of those in the selected Northern States were operated by persons under 55 years of age, and that in the South 53 per cent of these operators as compared with 42 per cent in the North were under 45 years of age. This condition also obtains, but to a smaller degree, among the farm owners reported under this classification as shown in Table 10, in which it appears that 57.1 per cent of the farms occupied by owners in the South and 45.9 per cent of those in the selected Northern States are operated by persons under 55 years of age. THE NEGRO FARMER 17 •in CN O ^ i-i O -^ »O OOOCOCO CO Or-IO-* 00 CO --1 00 O5 N CO —* O •4 !H o S *» <0 ^^ 8 CO cs O5 OO 1C t*» CD •*£ -rf CO 00 CO - (, OSOS CSt~O^OOrH t~ COCOCOO O OO OS ^ CO OS •* OS O CM >O CO OS | o 3 a. 0 os — i rHosost^cocN p •^OOl^CO « rHrH rH IN CO CM t~ oo r~ t^ t^ P O s^ X * 2 CO 00 o *-i co rH CN oo co oo os IOCOCOO i-l CN^00 CO 00 P OS O •* t~ CO u o«2 rH CO CMCM «ji CM os os p co CM CO IN OS O CO M i" O o ooooooooo o o oo o o OOOO O OPPPOOO 03 8 § 888888888 8 8888 8 8888 8 8888888 § k4 CO CD CU ° (MB o a >O 03 00 OS co- os o is •0 t^ CM IN «O OS OS CO >O rH rH O) on O •** OS CO r- 00 O OO CM OO t~- i— ( CO »O CM t^ OS I-H of t^t-TiNeo oT l-( 1-* rH CM CO OOO'f O «O CO i— t «O >O O CNOOCO>O i-T 0 OOCOO- CO CNOOO-* O t^ OT CO CO OS >ot^cot~ •* *O O CO 1O O5 OO l> O «-t O3 i-t »O Tj* lO •-H -H ?S i-( W CO M SR I CO t^ rH O I-- 00 i— 1 CO CO rH rHrHCM t- CNt^t^cO t~- CMCO >O 00>OlOt- IN 9 ?s CN CN •* •00 ^ 00 t~- O "' CO O5 r- b- 00 P CM rni-i so oooooocN os 003*^ co CN-*-«J r- CM oo co w co CO 2 S rH 00 COOOCOCM CO rH rH T-( tO -HCOCOOO CO i-lCO "3 COCO>OOO CN H H O !l CO IN S OO CM - i-t •^ « IN 00 CO 00 Tf •* >S3< -H Tt< r-t »-H »-< CO i-l CO CO O *O i-l-* 10 CO »O -^ 00 rH NUMBE1 CD 03 rQ CU a >. ^S 1 § CC CO S """i-l t^ ^ t^ CO 01 •«< CN 1-T c6"t~ro6" o' •^ COOSCNCO ~* CO t^ IN CO CO >Ort OOCO OC5AO5OdOSO O5 lO CO t^- t-» CO t^t^COCO 00 OS OS OS O> OS CO t~ CO t^ CO OO OO OS OS OS OS OS OS OS H S XI r5 CO ss 10 i i •«< IO i-l t^ CO Ol •* CN O CO OO CO i— 1 CO t^ »O O CO ^H CN t-O •* ••* i-H 00 O CO O> CO t^t^-OO^-l ^H CO IN »O 00 00 OO W*COt- CN t^ OS t~ Tl* rH OO'CO'rH't-r nf CO OS t^ 1O •* CNCOOS O GO CO CM *O -31 SOO OS OO OS COINOO Tt< rH rHOOOO CO t^" t~- CO CD O 1C t^- OS O CN •^P CO t~ "5 -^ rH CO 00 CO CO t~ OS CO CO CO CO CM ^< 00 00 P I o o te 2 H-Q^C u a o i 1 1O O COt^cOrt Q CO t^t^oO ^ CN CO OS »O CO CN CN CO OS OO CO OSCOCNCO O t^t^CNOO rH DIVISION AND STATE The South South Atlantic Delaware.. - - Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia North Carolina.. South Carolina Georgia -.. Florida East South Central Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Selected Northern States ' New Jersey - Pennsylvania Ohio Indiana Illinois Missouri Kansas 130058—33- 18 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE Owners according to age. — Ages were generally reported by colored farm owners, as is shown by Table 10. In both the South and in the selected Northern States 97.6 per cent of the farm owners answered this inquiry. In the South, 1.9 per cent of these owners were under 25 years of age; 8.2 per cent between 25 and 34; 18.2 per cent between 35 and 44; 28.9 per cent between 45 and 54; 40.5 per cent, 55 years and over; while 2.4 per cent did not report their ages. In this section, as previously stated, 103,959, or 57.1 per cent of the colored owners were under 55 years of age. In the seven Northern States taken as a whole, and where industrial activities are more pronounced than in the South, only one-half of 1 per cent of the owners were under 25 years of age; 5.1 per cent were between 25 and 34 years of age; 15.5 per cent between 35 and 44 years; 24.8 per cent between 45 and 54; 51.6 per cent, 55 years and over, while 2.4 per cent failed to report their ages. Only 45.9 per cent of the owners in these States were under 55 years of age. In this group of States colored owners 55 years of age and over were in the majority in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri. Those under 55 years of age constituted 50 per cent or more of the owners in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Kansas. TABLE 10. — COLORED FARM OWNERS, BY AGE, IN SOUTHERN DIVISIONS AND STATES, AND SELECTED NORTHERN STATES, 1930 DIVISION AND STATE Total colored farm owners Under 25 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 years and over Age not reported The South - -- 182, 019 3,393 14,916 83,111 52,540 73,645 4,415 South Atlantic 80 503 1 231 5 968 15 125 23 409 32 819 1 951 373 3 19 67 101 177 6 Maryland 2 941 16 183 541 815 1 316 70 District of Columbia 8 4 4 Virginia 24,448 309 1,636 4,794 7,183 9,975 551 West Virginia 373 7 31 70 89 163 13 North Carolina 19 711 311 1 615 3 748 5 633 7 843 561 South Carolina 15, 992 337 1 402 3 394 4,717 5,802 340 Georgia - 11,081 169 692 1,578 3,310 5,113 219 Florida 5,576 79 390 933 1,557 2,426 191 East South Central 50 588 919 3 881 8,256 14,924 21, 497 1 111 Kentucky 4 175 56 270 689 1 059 1,971 130 Tennessee - - 7,832 118 482 1,150 2,163 3,739 180 Alabama 15, 931 270 1,086 2,328 5,425 6,519 303 Mississippi 22 650 475 2 043 4 089 6,277 9,268 498 West South Central 50,928 1,243 5 066 9,730 14,207 19,329 1,35? Arkansas 11 455 239 905 2 080 3 605 4,341 285 Louisiana - 10,503 221 1,001 2,160 2,949 3,940 232 Oklahoma 8,334 293 1,346 1,716 2,069 2,632 278 Texas 20 636 490 1,814 3,774 5,584 8,416 558 Selected Northern States ' 3,776 19 191 587 938 1,949 92 New Jersey -- - 240 1 19 43 68 105 4 233 3 12 41 75 99 3 Ohio 783 3 39 128 172 419 22 Indiana - 283 8 37 65 162 11 Illinois 460 2 16 76 124 224 18 Missouri -- - 1, 170 6 57 155 276 650 26 Kansas 607 4 40 107 158 290 8 1 States having 200 or more Negro farmers who constitute 90 per cent or more of the colored farmers in the State. 19 Term of occupancy. — In the South, 852,232, or 96.7 per cent, and in the seven selected Northern States 10,033, or 97.9 per cent of the colored farmers, as shown in Table 11, answered the inquiry concerning the number of years they had operated as owners, tenants, or managers of the farms reported by them to the enumerators in April, 1930. For the South as a whole where 79.3 per cent of the colored farmers are tenants, 23.6 per cent of those reporting occupancy had operated that particular farm less than one year, while 40.3 per cent reported an occupancy of less than two years. Arkansas was the only State in the South where 50 per cent or more of the colored farmers reported an occupancy of less than two years. Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia were the only States in the South or selected northern group in which 50 per cent or more reported an occu- pancy of 10 years or more. Of the seven Northern States, Missouri, where nearly 80 (79.7) per cent of the colored farm operators are tenants and cotton is extensively grown in the southeastern counties, was the only State that re- ported an occupancy of less than two years for over 50 per cent of its colored farmers. For the four States, Kansas, Indiana, Ohio, and Illinois an occupancy of 10 years and over was reported respectively for 45.1, 44.5, 43.8, and 40.9 per cent of the colored farm operators. Missouri, of course, showed the lowest percentage under the 10-year occupancy, a condition due largely to the high turnover among the tenant class of farmers in the cotton-growing counties of the State. 20 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE oc o Sc M Q JPANCY s|l| 5 9) OSCOO'OCOfHC^COO t^- — 'OSCOOS t~ 'J'OsiOCO CN •-H CNCNCN CN OS CO « O> OS tN O *O *-* CO 00 CM O» O oooso co CNCN-HiO to ^r- oo^coo § •4-j oi 10 >> -1 -"-"-"-1 --1 cNN^SS05^; H •^ CO -H *f OS^OOCOOSCOCOiO 0 coootooo t- OCOOOtO to COt-COCX100t~-H (4 H IH CN £ CN s CS i— I ,-| *H i-H f-H . iO CO CD CO CN CO *O ^ ^.^ _,H CO O300OO IO co to oo to I-H r» to o CO CO '0 ^O OSt^CO^Ot^^H f- to 00 ^ OS l^« ocotoco -* *M O OS CN to CO O H o CO ~ • « a a CO CO COOO »OrHCO^OCO OS CNCNrtCO t~ ra 5 H 315 CO CN CN SS« °°-SSS2 S3 2S2S S Z$$Z S CO -H Tf CO l-H OS CN E H O O ooooooooo o oooo o oooo o ooooooo U 3 8 3 888888888 8 8888 8 8888 8 8888888 H 0, H !3* 3 uo Ss'ioiSSli I CO COt-» CO OS O CO OS OS CO SM CO 00 CO o r* «-i CN os m co co t> •-H •-! to CN CO OS •«• o a OS s CN S 22S. , ^^SJSS S •— 1 r-H r-( oi i 1 COCO OS OS CO t^- ^ CD OO CO »O CO O f>- --<*OO CO CO 00 OS CN CO ••£ CN CO CN • *» CD § cs - SS3- S "* ^rH^ CO OO'OCN^-T FH* » CO 12 S? •-H »-1 »-« t- -H OOC^OO O o (?5 T-* r>- 2< ""^W^ io 1~— CO i— i GO CO OS CO O 1^ -^ CN to CN I-H O I-H H R o i 1 to CN Jj X CO r-t O iO CO »O GO O 00 ^H »C C^ I-H CO 0-1 CO O OD GO CO i-HCO Tf CNi-HCOCO •** I^-OS h. t-* iO -.000*0* -* •» CO rt to CN CO O I-H I-H OS I-H 2 H Pi Pi H 3 a 03 b OS S 3 oo CM ^ ^f r* CN co co cs co J^Scf^"" t^" GO CO C0 sis! 1 i CO CO CN •» 00 t» O S 3 fc of S 1 n **" """ CO COOS£ £ t^O—< 00 •* t~ O OS O CO CN GO TJH r-4 r-l 00 OO CO to r^ os o CN Tt* CO t^ tO Tj< r-H CO OO CO CO t^« OJ CO CO CO CO CN -«• 00 00 O o p§2 i 1 to" oT cot>Tco-< o CO t^ t^- 00 «-H CN CO OS lO CO CN CN COOSOO CO O3 CO CN CO O t^ t^ CN CO ^H DIVISION AND STATE The South South Atlantic. Delaware. _ Maryland District of Columbia.. Virginia West Virginia . North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central 7 Kentucky Tennessee Alabama. Mississippi West South Central Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Selected Northern States ' Ka &% §a|s fel-slill Illlial THE NEGRO FARMER 21 22 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE AH farm land in the United States. — At the census of 1930, as shown by Table 12, there were 986,771,016 acres in farm land as compared with 955,883,715 in 1920, or an increase of 30,887,301 acres during the 10-year period in which as indicated in Table 5, there was a decrease of 159,695 farm operators. Farm acreage in 1930 constituted approximately 1,541,830 square miles as compared with 1,493,568 in 1920, an increase during the decade of 48,262 square miles. This increase was principally in the West, the Mountain and Pacific Coast States. TABLE 12. — ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES), AND AREA IN SQUARE MILES, BY SECTIONS AND SOUTHERN DIVISIONS: 1930 AND 1920 [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease] SECTION AND DIVISION ACRES IN FARMS FABM AREA IN SQUARE MILES 1930 1980 1930 1920 Increase, 1920-1930 United States 986,771,016 955, 883, 715 1, 541, 830 1,493,568 48,262 The South 343, 086, 418 86, 362, 715 72, 817, 357 183, 906, 346 425, 709, 428 217, 975, 170 350, 121, 833 97, 775, 243 78, 897, 463 173, 449, 127 432, 271, 951 173, 489, 931 536, 073 134, 942 113,777 287,354 665, 171 340, 586 547,065 152, 774 123, 277 271,014 675, 425 271,078 -10,992 -17,832 -9,500 16,340 -10,254 69,508 South Atlantic East South Central West South Central The North The West. Acres in farms. — Table 13 shows that Negroes in the United States operated farms having a total of 37,597,132 acres, or 58,745 square miles in 1930, an area slightly in excess of the combined land areas of Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Vermont, and West Virginia. The land in farms operated by them was approximately 2 per cent (1.97) of the total land area in the United States, as compared with 49.7 per cent for white farmers. In the South Negro farmers operated approximately 6.5 per cent of the land area of that section in 1930, and the white farmers 54.3 per cent. In 1920 as in 1930, less than 1,000,000 acres were operated by Negroes in the North and West. In 36 States, includ- ing the District of Columbia, Negro farmers decreased in number between the census periods 1920 and 1930, while the farm acreage diminished in 33 States and the District of Columbia. (See Tables 35 and 36.) The number of white farmers also decreased, but a substantial increase was reported in the number of acres in the farms they operated. TABLE 13. — ACREAGE IN FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES AND WHITES, 1930 AND 1920; AND AREA IN SQUARE MILES, 1930; BY SECTIONS AND SOUTHERN DIVISIONS SECTION AND DIVISION ACRES IN FARMS OPERATED BY— FARM AREA IN SQUARE MILES, 1930 Negroes Whites 1930 1930 1930 1930 Negroes Whites , United States.. The South 37, 597, 182 41, 432, 182 945, 683, 034 910, 939, 194 68, 745 1, 477, 630 36, 758, 484 14, 550, 451 11,918,057 10, 289, 976 720, 872 117, 776 40, 544, 241 18, 151, 071 12, 104, 977 10, 288, 193 767, 953 119, 988 305, 280, 653 71, 704, 181 60, 886, 302 172, 690, 170 423, 963, 841 216, 438, 540 308, 803, 337 79, 550, 302 66, 783, 791 162, 469, 244 430, 365, 628 171, 770, 229 57, 435 22, 735 18, 622 16, 078 1,126 184 477, 001 112,038 95, 135 269, 828 662,444 338, 185 South Atlantic East South Central- West South Central. . The North The West THE NEGRO FARMER 23 Land distribution. — In Table 14 the per cent distribution of all land in farms is shown for Negro and white farmers by sections and southern divisions for 1920 and 1930. Although the changes occurring in the South, North, and West, as sections, were inappreciable, in the distribution by geographic divisions com- posing the South it will be noted that there was a rather marked decrease in the percentage for the South Atlantic division formed by Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, in each of which, except West Virginia, the land in farms operated by Negroes decreased during the 10 years. (See Table 36.) In the State of South Carolina the farm acreage operated by Negroes was less by 1,211,971 acres in 1930 than it was in 1920, a decrease of 27.7 per cent. In Georgia there was a decrease of 1,966,491 acres, or 27.8 per cent. In other words, in these two States the farm acreage operated by Negroes in 1930 was less than three-fourths of what it was in 1920. This decrease in the farm acre- age was accompanied by a decrease of 29.1 per cent in the number of Negro farm operators in South Carolina, and of 33.3 per cent in the number of Negro farm operators in Georgia as shown in Table 35. No other States show as marked declines in the amount of acreage and number of farms operated by Negroes, although the percentage of decrease was fairly large in Florida and Kentucky. There was some decrease of acreage in North Carolina in Alabama and in Arkansas, practically no change in Texas, and an increase in Mississippi and Louisiana. It is interesting to note, in connection with the decrease reported for Negro farm operators in Georgia and South Carolina, that the Negro population in each of these States also decreased; Georgia reporting a loss of 135,240, and South Carolina 71,038. The Negro rural-farm population in each of these States showed even greater losses, a decrease of 199,211 in Georgia and one of 141,516 in South Carolina or a total decrease of 340,727 in the Negro rural-farm population of these two States. The urban Negro population of Georgia in- creased by only 43,601 as compared with an urban increase of 21,865 in South Carolina. TABLE 14. — PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF ACREAGE IN FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES AND WHITES, BY SECTIONS AND SOUTHERN DIVISIONS: 1930 AND 1920 SECTION AND DIVISION ACRES IN FARMS Negroes Whites 1930 1920 193O 1930 United The South . States 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.8 38.7 31.7 27.4 1.9 0.3 97.9 43.8 29.2 24.8 1.9 0.3 32.3 7.6 6.4 18.3 44.8 22.9 33.9 8.7 7.3 17.8 47.2 18.9 South At! East Sout West Sou The North antic h Central th Central ...--- The West Acreage increases and decreases. — Increases and decreases in the acreage of land in farms operated by Negroes and by whites in the South, North, and West, and by each geographic division in the South are shown in Table 15. The total decrease of 3,835,050 acres reported for Negro farmers was the result of a reduc- tion of 3,785,757 acres in the South; 47,081 in the North, and 2,212 in the West. Due to increases in Louisiana and Oklahoma the West South Central division 24 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE was able to show a slight increase of 1,783 acres. Of the 17 States forming the South, including the District of Columbia, four, Louisiana, Mississippi, Okla- homa, and West Virginia reported expansions in land operated by Negroes. Although 11 States in the North and West, including Illinois, Wisconsin, Min- nesota, Iowa, Missouri, Idaho, Wyoming, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and Washington showed increased acreages for Negro farmers, the remaining 21 States of the North and West reported an aggregate decrease too large to be offset by the increase of 93,938 acres in the 11 States named. (See Table 36.) The decrease between 1920 and 1930 of acres in land farmed by Negroes is equal to 5,992 square miles, or an area slightly larger than Connecticut, Rhode Island, and the District of Columbia combined. For white farmers the acreage decreases in 30 States were more than offset by increases in 19 States producing a net total increase of 34,743,840 acres, or 54,287 square miles, an area larger than the States of Alabama and Delaware combined. TABLE 15. — INCREASE IN ACREAGE AND SQUARE MILES IN FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES AND WHITES, 1920 TO 1930, BY SECTIONS AND SOUTHERN DIVISIONS [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease] SECTION AND DIVISION INCREASE, 1920-1930 Acres in farms Area (square miles) Per cent Negroes Whites Negroes Whites Negroes Whites United States -3, 835, 050 34, 743, 840 -5,992 54,287 -9.3 3.8 The South South Atlantic -3, 785, 757 -3, 600, 620 -186,920 1,783 -47, 081 -2, 212 -3, 522, 684 -7, 846, 121 -5, 897, 489 10, 220, 926 -6, 401, 787 44,668,311 -5, 915 -5,626 292 -5,504 -12,259 9 215 -9.3 -19.8 -1.5 0) -6.2 -1.6 -1.1 -9.9 -8.8 6.3 -1.5 26.0 East South Central West South Central 3 —74 15,970 —10,003 The North The West -3 69, 794 i Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Average acreage per farm. — The average number of acres per farm, for Negro and white farms in 1930 and 1920, is shown in Table 16 by sections and for the Southern States, with the decrease in the average size of farms during the decade. The average acreage per Negro farm in the United States decreased from 44.8 acres in 1920 to 42.6 acres in 1930, the decrease amounting in the average to 2.2 acres. During the 20 years from 1910 to 1930 the average decrease amounted to 4.7 acres. White farms increased in the average acreage from 165.7 in 1920 to 176 in 1930 giving an increase for the decade of 10.3 acres. From 1910 to 1930, a 20-year period, the average acreage of white farms increased 23 acres, a gain that is equal to more than one-half (54 per cent) of the average acreage in Negro farmers. Taking the South as a whole the average acreage per farm of Negro farms de- creased by 2.1 acres during the decade, but in the South Atlantic division where a decrease of 86,344 Negro farmers and 3,600,620 acres of land was reported, there was an increase of 1.7 acres in the average acreage of Negro farms as compared with a loss of 8.3 acres in the white farms. In the East South Central the average acreage in Negro farms was reduced during the decade by 2.2 acres, and in the West South Central by 5.1 acres. There were seven States in the South, led by Maryland and including Delaware, Georgia, Virginia, Kentucky, West Virginia, and South Carolina, in the order named, that reported increased average acreages for the 10-year period, although each of these States had fewer Negro farmers in' 1930 than in 1920 and, with the exception of West Virginia, less acreage. THE NEGRO FARMER 25 In the North the average acreage was reduced by 17 acres, or from 81.9 in 1920 to 64.9 in 1930, as compared with a 10-acre average increase for white farmers. Similarly in the West the Negro farm average acreage decreased by 18.3 acres, or from 163.7 in 1920 to 145.4 in 1930 while the average acreage per farm of white farmers increased by 76.8 acres, or from 369.8 acres in 1920 to 446.6 acres in 1930. TABLE 16. — AVERAGE ACREAGE PER FARM OP NEGRO AND WHITE OPERATORS, BY SECTIONS, AND SOUTHERN DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1930 AND 1920 [A minus sign (-) denotes decrease] SECTION, DIVISION, AND STATE AVERAGE ACREAGE PER FARM OPERATED BY — Negroes Whites 1930 1920 Increase 1930 1920 Increase United States . 42.6 44.8 -2.2 176.0 165.7 10.3 The South 42.2 44.3 -2.1 130.3 135.2 -4.9 South Atlantic 49.2 37.2 40.4 64.9 145.4 47.5 39.4 45.5 81.9 163.7 1.7 -2.2 -5.1 -17.0 -18.3 94.3 82.1 205.4 166.5 446.6 102.6 89.7 212.6 156.5 369.8 -8.3 -7.6 -7.2 10.0 76.8 East South Central West South Central . ... . The North The West THE SOUTH SOUTH ATLANTIC: Delaware 67.9 65.6 8.6 51.5 57.2 44.2 41.0 58.8 46.7 37.5 38.6 44.3 33.2 31.2 31.4 70.0 51.5 62.9 56.6 14.4 47.3 54.7 45.0 40.2 54.3 49.2 33.8 39.9 45.7 36.1 36.3 35.2 78.0 56.5 5.0 9.0 -5.8 4.2 2.5 -0.8 0.8 4.5 -2.5 3.7 -1.3 -1.4 -2.9 -5.1 -3.8 -8.0 -5.0 95.1 106.2 32.0 112.1 106.8 72.3 89.7 100.6 94.1 82.5 79.1 81.9 86.8 83.3 80.3 175.9 293.7 96.0 105.7 29.2 117.7 110.0 85.7 96.2 101.7 131.8 82.1 83.8 94.6 111.7 92.5 106.8 174.5 306.7 -0.9 0.5 2.8 -5.6 3.2 Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West, Virginia _ _ .. . _ . . North Carolina -13.4 —6.5 South Carolina . . . Georgia -1.1 -37.7 0.4 -4.7 -12.7 -24.9 -9.2 -26.5 1.4 -13.0 Florida EAST SOUTH CENTKAL: Kentucky ..... Tennessee.. Alabama Mississippi- WEST SOUTH CENTRAL: Arkansas.— Louisiana Oklahoma . . . . . .. Texas Farm property values. — Data relating to the value of land and buildings of farms operated by Negroes for 1920 and 1930, are presented in Table 17. The aggre- gate value of land and buildings by tenure of operators is shown for 1930 and 1920 by divisions and States in Table 37, and the value of implements ana machinery for 1930 by divisions and States in Table 33. For several years prior to the World War, and in 1920 during the early postwar period, the value of farm land and buildings was generally inflated throughout the entire country. Between 1920 and 1930 the average value of all land and buildings per farm decreased approximately $2,670, or 26 per cent, while the average value of land and buildings per acre fell from $69.38 in 1920, to $48.52 in 1930, a decrease of $20.86, or 30.1 per cent per acre. No separate tabulation was made in 1920 of the value of implements and machinery on Negro farms in the United States, but the value of land and buildings for each section and for the United States is reported for both years. For all farms in the United States the value of land and buildings decreased $18,436,164,244, or 27.8 per cent during the decade. The value of land and buildings of Negro-operated farms decreased $854,699,526, or 37.9 per cent, and 26 the value reported for white operated and all other operated farms decreased by $17,581,464,718, or 27.4 per cent. Negro farm property (land and buildings) in the South showed a decrease of $835,823,975, or 38.1 per cent; in the North $18,164,242, or 30.4 per cent, and in the West the value declined $711,309, or at rate of 10.4 the per cent during the 10 years. This decrease in the values, in each section, of the farm property operated by each racial group was the result of a reduction in the farm acreage and the shrinkage of land values generally throughout the Nation. TABLE 17. — VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS OF ALL FARMS AND OF FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES, BY SECTIONS: 1930 AND 1920 [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease] CLASS AND SECTION VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS 193O 1930 Increase, 1920-1930 Per cent distri- bution Amount Per cent 1930 1920 United States The South. .. The North The West Negro . 847, 879, 838, 358 $66, 316, 002, 602 -S18, 436, 164, 244 -27.8 100.0 100.0 12, 343, 593, 204 28, 253, 801, 121 7, 282, 444, 033 15, 156, 654, 907 43, 326, 743, 178 7, 832, 604, 517 -2, 813, 061, 703 -15,072,942,057 -550, 160, 484 -18.6 -34.8 -7.0 25.8 59.0 15.2 22.9 65.3 11.8 1, 402, 945, 799 2, 257, 645, 325 -854, 699, 526 -37.9 100.0 100.0 The South 1, 355, 181, 667 41, 668, 222 6, 095, 910 46, 277, 070, 671 2, 191, 005, 642 59, 832, 464 6, 807, 219 63, 786, 058, 855 -835, 823, 975 -18,164,242 -711,309 -17,508,988,184 -38.1 -30.4 -10.4 -27.4 96.fi 3.0 0.4 100.0 97.0 2.7 0.3 100.0 The North. The West.. White1. The South... 10, 950, 488, 263 28, 194, 670, 491 7,131,911,917 199, 821, 888 12, 928, 803, 290 43, 236, 157, 733 7, 621, 097, 832 272, 298, 422 -1,978,315,027 -15,041,487,242 -489, 185, 915 -72,476,534 -15.3 -34.8 -6.4 -26.6 2&7 60.9 15.4 100.0 20.3 67.8 11.9 100.0 The North The West . All other nonwhite The South—- 37, 923, 274 17, 462, 408 144, 436, 206 36, 845, 975 30, 752, 981 204, 699, 466 1, 077, 299 -13,290,573 -60, 263, 260 2.9 -43.2 -29.4 19.0 8.7 72.3 13.5 11.3 75.2 The North The West 1 Includes Mexicans and Hindus. Rank of Southern States. — In Table 18 the number of farms and the value of land and buildings operated by Negroes in Southern States are given for 1930 and for 1920, with the increase for the decade and rank of the States at each census. In number of farms Mississippi ranked first among the States at each census. Alabama ranked second in 1930, having displaced Georgia which occupied second place, and passed South Carolina which stood in third rank in 1920. Texas advanced from fifth to fourth place in 1930; Arkansas from seventh to fifth; while South Carolina dropped from third rank to sixth; and North Carolina from sixth rank in 1920 to seventh in 1930. No changes occurred in the ranks of the remaining 9 States and the District of Columbia. Ranked according to value of land and buildings, Mississippi continues in first place as in 1920, 1910, and 1900. Texas advanced from fourth rank in 1920 to second in 1930. North Carolina occupied third place, having displaced South Carolina. Arkansas advanced from sixth to fourth, Louisiana from eighth to sixth, and Maryland from thirteenth to twelfth rank. Georgia fell from second to fifth rank during the decade; South Carolina from third to seventh; Alabama from seventh to eighth and Kentucky from twelfth to thirteenth place. Each of the other States and the District of Columbia occupied the same rank as in 1920. With the single exception of Louisiana, each State showed a decrease in THE NEGRO FARMER 27 the value of land and buildings operated by Negro farmers. Exclusive of the District of Columbia where the value of land and buildings is very small, the greatest decreases in amount, if not in percentage, were reported for Georgia, South Carolina, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Arkansas, in the order named. TABLE 18. — NUMBER OF FARMS AND VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS OF NEGRO OPERATORS IN THE SOUTHERN STATES WITH RANK OF THE STATES: 1930 AND 1920 [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease] STATE FARMS IN THE SOUTH OPERATED BY NEGROES 1930 1930 Increase, 1920-1930 Rank of States Number Per cent 1930 1920 The South NUMBER OF FARMS 870, 936 915, 595 -44,659 -4.9 Mississippi 182, 578 93, 795 86, 787 85,940 79,556 77,331 74,636 73, 734 39, 598 35,123 15,172 11,010 9,104 5,264 807 490 11 161,001 95,200 130, 176 78, 597 72, 275 109,005 74,849 62, 036 47,690 38, 181 13,403 12, 954 12, 624 6,208 872 504 20 21,577 -1,405 -43, 389 7,343 7,281 -31, 674 -213 11,698 -8,092 -3,058 1,769 -1,944 -3,520 .-944 -65 -14 -9 13.4 -1.5 -33.3 9.3 10.1 -29.1 -0.3 18.9 -17.0 -8.0 13.2 -15.0 -27.9 -15.2 -7.5 -2.8 -45.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1 4 2 5 7 3 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Ifi 16 17 Alabama. Georgia Texas' Arkansas - .. South Carolina . ... North Carolina Louisiarfa. Virginia1. Tennessee Oklahoma.-- . Florida Kentucky Maryland Delaware . . . West Virginia District of Columbia. .. The South VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS $1, 355, 181, 667 $2, 191, 005, 642 -$835, 823, 975 -38.1 Mississippi 249, 305, 432 179,391,988 153, 882, 635 118,180,961 114,688,230 108, 668, 818 105, 693, 220 104, 726, 209 71, 722, 401 56, 339, 610 37,967,113 18, 896, 282 16, 157, 593 15, 369, 957 2, 628, 590 1, 480, 628 82,000 402, 438, 836 224, 864, 322 223, 666, 166 182, 378, 759 322, 706, 709 107, 615, 718 290,406,115 116,894,012 100, 839, 641 90, 427, 645 48, 640, 707 21,651,121 36, 067, 878 17, 561, 378 2, 885, 445 1, 727, 890 233,300 -153,133,404 -45, 472, 334 -69, 783, 531 -64, 197, 798 -208, 018, 479 1, 053, 100 -184,712,895 -12,167,803 -29,117,240 -34, 088, 035 -10,673,594 -2, 754, 839 -19,910,285 -2, 191, 421 -256, 855 -247,262 -151,300 -38.1 -20.2 -31.2 -35.2 -64.5 1.0 -63.6 -10.4 -28.9 -37.7 -21.9 -12.7 -55.2 -12.5 -8.9 -14.3 -64.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1 4 5 6 2 8 3 7 9 10 11 13 12 14 15 16 17 Texas North Carolina Arkansas Georgia Louisiana South Carolina Alabama Virginia Tennessee . Oklahoma . . Maryland Kentucky Florida Delaware.. West Virginia District of Columbia. .. Rank of Northern and Western States. — Table 19 distributes the number of farms and the value of land and buildings operated by Negroes in the Northern and Western States for 1920 and 1930 with the increase for the decade, and also shows the rank of the States at each census. Chiefly, if not entirely, ascribable to the interstate migratory movement during the decade an aggregate increase of 1,801 Negro farmers was reported at the census of 1930, 8 of the 32 States constituting this territory including, in the order named, 28 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE Missouri, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Iowa, Wisconsin, Maine, and Illi- nois having contributed to the increase. Only two of these States had 1,000 or more Negro farmers, as compared with three States in 1920, and as in 1920 Missouri ranked in first place, followed by Ohio, Kansas, and Illinois. In actual numbers, Missouri, California, Arizona, and New Mexico had the largest gains. Ranked according to the value of land and buildings, Missouri, Kansas, Ohio, and Illinois occupied first, second, third, and fourth places each year. TABLE 19. — NUMBER OF FARMS AND VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS OF NEGRO OPERATORS IN THE NORTHERN AND WESTERN STATES, WITH RANK OF THE STATES: 1930 AND 1920 [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease] STATE FARMS IN THE NORTH AND WEST OPERATED BY NEGROES 1930 1930 Increase, 1920-1930 Rank of States Number Per cent ' 1930 1920 The North and West... . NUMBER OF FARMS 11,914 10, 113 1,801 17.8 Missouri 5,844 1,229 941 893 461 427 424 372 353 148 118 87 82 78 73 63 56 40 38 33 27 22 21 16 15 12 10 9 9 6 5 3 2,824 1,616 1,135 892 570 549 290 531 451 245 109 32 32 148 79 103 47 47 63 65 33 28 31 23 13 17 26 15 19 14 61 5 3,020 -387 -194 1 -109 -122 134 -159 —98 106.9 -23.9 —17.1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 7 8 10 12 20 20 11 14 13 18 18 16 15 19 22 21 24 29 26 23 27 25 28 17 30 Ohio KBDMR Illinois . 0.1 -19.1 —22.2 Indiana Michigan California . 46.2 -29.9 21 7 New Jersey New York -97 9 55 50 —70 -39.6 8.3 Iowa Arizona . ... New Mexico Colorado —47.3 Washington . -6 -40 8 -7 -25 -32 -6 -6 -10 -7 2 -5 -16 -6 -10 -8 -56 -2 Massachusetts -38.8 Wisconsin South Dakota Nebraska Connecticut Minnesota Vermont. . Montana Idaho Maine Wyoming North Dakota .. Oregon Rhode Island New Hampshire Utah Nevada.. .. The North and West VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS $47, 764, 132 $66, 639, 683 -$18, 875, 551 -28.3 Missouri 14, 498, 297 6, 093, 760 5, 434, 735 3, 704, 618 3, 669, 275 2, 194, 280 2, 070, 400 1, 947, 915 1, 874, 378 878, 234 875, 575 761, 510 445. 540 16, 524, 007 9, 515, 735 9, 126, 482 6, 082, 675 3, 625, 525 3, 261, 060 2,117,590 4, 254, 030 2, 566, 855 1, 330, 600 1, 558, 950 277,700 944. 405 -2, 025, 710 -12.3 -36. 0 -40.5 -39.1 1.2 -32.7 -2.2 -54.2 -27.0 -34.0 -43.8 174.2 -52.8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 6 7 9 5 8 11 10 21 13 Kansas . -3,421,975 -3,691,747 -2, 378, 057 43, 750 -1,066,780 -47, 190 -2,306,115 -692, 477 -452, 366 -683, 375 483, 810 -498. 865 Ohio Illinois California Pennsylvania New Jersey Indiana Michigan Iowa New York Arizona Colorado. .- 1 Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. THE NEGRO FARMER 29 TABLE 19. — NUMBER OF FARMS AND VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS OF NEGRO OPERATORS IN THE NORTHERN AND WESTERN STATES, WITH RANK OF THE STATES: 1930 AND 1920 — Continued STATE FARMS IN THE NORTH AND WEST OPERATED BY NEGROES 1930 1920 Increase, 1920-1930 Rank of States Number Per cent 1930 1920 The North and West— Con. New Mexico VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS — Continued $400, 956 376, 595 356, 705 343,105 314, 700 308,080 285,425 187, 325 139,020 118,700 115,084 107,200 62,700 44,000 41,400 40,000 32,420 24,200 18,000 $124, 894 345,800 538,480 278,700 498,990 1,095,040 623, 515 134,670 131,410 116, 725 240, 310 134,900 285,740 19,150 54,400 31,500 119,400 651,045 29,400 $276, 062 30,795 -181,775 64,405 -184,290 -786,960 -338,090 52, 655 7,610 1,975 -125,226 -27,700 -223,040 24,850 -13,000 8,500 -86, 980 -626, 845 -11,400 221.0 8.9 —33.8 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 26 18 16 20 17 12 15 24 25 28 22 23 19 32 29 30 27 14 31 Massachusetts Washington Wisconsin _ . 23.1 -36.9 -71.9 -54.2 39.1 5.8 1.7 -52.1 -20.5 -78.1 129.8 -23.9 27.0 -72.8 -96.3 -38.8 Connecticut Nebraska - South Dakota Minnesota Wyoming Vermont Montana Idiho North Dakota Nevada . Maine Rhode Island Oregon Utah New Hampshire Rural Migrants Absorbed by Industry. — That the migration, during the 20 years 1910 to 1930, of a large number of Negroes from the rural districts of the South, and the increase of the rural Negro population in the States comprising the North and West as indicated in Table 3 has not contributed to an increase of Negro farmers in the 21 States forming the North, and only to a very small extent in the 11 States composing the West is shown in Table 20. From 1910 to 1930 there was a decrease of 10,520 Negro farmers in the United States, as compared with a decrease of 68,041 white farmers. Dividing the coun- try into sections, the North lost 948 and the South 9,900 Negro farmers while the West gained 328. Every important agricultural State in the North except Wis- consin and Missouri, and all in the South except North Carolina, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas reported decreases. In the West slight increases were reported for California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Idaho. The peak of the number of Negro farmers in the United States, and in the South was reached in 1920. The North had more in 1910 than in 1920 or 1930. Out in the West small increases were reported at each census, particularly in Cali- fornia, New Mexico, and Idaho. The South registered a decrease of 9,900 for the 20 years from 1910 to 1930, also a loss of 44,659 in 1930 as compared with 1920. Although considerable increases during the 20 years wrere reported for North Carolina and Mississippi, the greater trend was toward the States of Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas whose combined increase of 52,980 Negro farmers was somewhat less, however, than the loss (55,208) sustained by the two States of Georgia and South Carolina. That the requirement of industry for labor was the magnet that lured so many Negro farmers and rural-farm inhabitants to the urban centers is indicated by the occupational statistics which show that in the manufacturing and mechanical industries alone, there was an approximate increase of 368,750, or 56.2 per cent in the number of Negro workers during the 20 years from 1910 to 1930. 30 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE TABLE 20. — NUMBER OF NEGRO FARM OPERATORS, 1930 AND 1910, WITH IN- CREASE DURING THE 20- YEAR PERIOD, 1910 TO 1930, BY SECTIONS, DIVISIONS, AND STATES [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease] SECTION, DIVISION, AND STATE NEGKO FARM OPERA- TORS SECTION, DIVISION, AND STATE NEGRO FARM OPERA- TORS 1930 1910 In- crease, 1910- 1930, (num- ber; 1930 1910 In- crease, 1910- 1930, (num- ber) United States 882, 850 893, 370 -10,520 South Atlantic 295, 934 354,530 -58,596 The North. 11,104 870, 936 810 12,052 880,836 482 -948 -9,900 328 Delaware Maryland 807 5,264 11 39, 598 490 74,636 77, 331 86,787 11,010 320, 600 922 6,370 12 48,039 707 64,456 96,772 122, 554 14, 698 324, 884 -115 -1,106 -1 -8,441 —217 The West District of Columbia- - Virginia West Virginia New England Maine 148 15 6 22 63 9 33 873 310 28 14 20 103 40 105 1,310 — 162 -13 -8 2 -40 -31 -72 -437 North Carolina South Carolina 10,180 -19,441 -35, 767 -3,688 -4,284 New Hampshire Florida Massachusetts East South Central Connecticut Kentucky.. 9,104 35,123 93, 795 182, 578 254,402 11,709 38,300 110,387 164,488 201, 422 -2,605 -3, 177 -16,592 18,090 52, 980 Middle Atlantic Alabama. New York. 148 372 353 3,065 295 472 543 4,843 -147 -100 -190 -1,778 West South Central Pennsylvania Arkansas 79,556 73, 734 15, 172 85,940 304 63, 57,x 54, 819 13,209 69, 816 219 15, 978 18, 915 1,963 16, 124 85 Oklahoma Ohio - Texas 1,229 461 893 427 55 7,018 1,948 785 1,422 640 48 5,589 -719 -324 -529 -213 7 1,429 Mountain Indiana. Illinois _.. Montana Idaho 21 16 12 78 82 87 5 8 506 29 13 19 81 48 12 11 6 263 -8 3 -7 -3 34 75 -6 -3 243 Wisconsin . _ _ \\ voming Colorado New Mexico Minnesota Arizona 27 118 5,844 10 40 38 941 29 187 3,656 22 67 96 1,532 -2 -69 2,188 Utah Iowa Missouri Pacific North Dakota South Dakota -12 -27 -58 -591 Washington Oregon 73 9 424 77 27 159 -4 -18 265 Kansas . California Twenty years of acreage losses. — Twenty years ago at the census of 1910, as shown by Table 21, and prior to the requirement by industry of an enlarged source of labor supply within the United States, Negro farmers operated 42,279,510 acres, or approximately 66,062 square miles, an area greater than the combined land area (65,756) of Massachusetts, New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia. By 1930 this Negro-operated farm land had been reduced by 4,682,378 acres, or 7,316 square miles, an area almost as large as the State of New Jersey, a decrease of 847,328 acres having been reported for the 10-year period 1910 to 1920, and one of 3,835,050 acres between 1920 and 1930, the three States (Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina) having contributed nearly 79 per cent of the total decrease. Only 13 States reported farm acreage increases, Vermont, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, Louisiana, Texas, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, New Mexico, Arizona, and Washington. 31 TABLE 21. — LAND IN FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES, 1930 AND 1910, WITH INCREASE DURING THE 20- YEAR PERIOD, 1910 TO 1930, BY SECTIONS, DIVISIONS, AND STATES [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease] SECTION, DIVISION, AND STATE LAND IN FARMS (ACKES) 1930 1910 Increase, 1910-1930 Number Per cent United States 37, 597, 132 42, 279, 510 -4, 682, 378 -11.1 The North 720, 872 36, 758, 484 117, 776 868,630 41,284,471 126,409 -147,758 -4, 525, 987 -8,633 -17.0 -11.0 -6.8 The South The West New England 9,397 14, 759 -5, 362 -36.3 Maine 818 814 3,812 2,063 571 1,319 55,808 1,280 923 1,917 3,535 1,664 5,440 74,849 -462 -109 1,895 -1,472 -1,093 -4, 121 -19,041 -36.1 -11.8 98.9 -41.6 -65.7 -75.8 -25.4 New Hampshire Vermont-. Massachusetts Rhode Island Cnnnftntifiiit Middle Atlantic New York.. . . 14,894 19,298 21, 616 214, 596 22, 552 22,200 30,097 287, 513 -7,658 -2,902 -8,481 -72,917 -34.0 -13.1 -28.2 -25.4 New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central. - Ohio 92,083 28,454 57,805 30, 959 5,295 441,071 106, 742 43,627 87,784 45,331 4,029 491, 509 -14,659 -15,173 -29,979 -14,372 1,266 -50, 438 -13.7 -34.8 -34.2 -31.7 31.4 -10.3 Indiana Illinois.. -. . Michigan Wisconsin West North Central Minnesota .. . 2,692 10,002 255,623 2,565 14,228 9,216 146, 745 14, 550, 451 2,362 13,617 229,255 5,484 20, 753 36,585 183, 453 17, 605, 488 330 -3,615 26,368 -2, 919 -6,525 -27,369 -36, 708 -3, 055, 037 14.0 -26.5 11.5 -53.2 -31.4 -74.8 -20.0 -17.4 Iowa Missouri _- . North Dakota South Dakota ... Nebraska Kansas , South Atlantic Delaware 54,756 345,224 95 2, 039, 656 28,013 3, 296, 445 3, 167, 898 5, 104, 452 513,912 11,918,057 56,973 358, 509 95 2, 233, 883 34,520 3, 121, 827 3, 939, 592 7,091,949 768, 140 13, 573, 980 -2,217 -13,285 -3.9 -3.7 Maryland.. ._ District of Columbia - Virginia-. -- . . -194,227 -6, 507 174, 618 -771, 694 -1,987,497 -254,228 -1,655,923 -8.7 -18.8 5.6 -19.6 -28.0 -33.1 -12.2 West Virginia North Carolina- South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central Kentucky 341, 833 1, 356, 683 4, 157, 051 6, 062, 490 10, 289, 976 439, 657 1,605,694 5, 083, 552 6, 445, 077 10, 105, 003 -97, 824 -249, Oil -926, 501 -382, 587 184, 973 -22.3 -15.5 -18.2 -5.9 1.8 Tennessee -. Alabama Mississippi West South Central Arkansas. . . . 2, 485, 626 2, 313, 338 1,061,341 4, 429, 671 77,228 2, 652, 684 2, 121, 258 1, 066, 863 4.U64, 198 62, 807 -167,058 192, 080 -5,522 165, 473 14, 421 -6.3 9.1 -0,5 3.9 23.0 Louisiana - Oklahoma Texas.. - . _. .- Mountain Montana 9,804 2,816 10,925 25,137 19,883 7,766 37 860 40, 548 7,918 1,043 6,202 32,003 11,633 1,222 506 2,280 63,602 1,886 1,773 4,723 -6,866 8,250 6,544 -469 -1,420 -23, 054 23.8 170.0 76.2 -21.5 70.9 535.5 -92.7 -62.3 -36.2 Idaho. - Wvoming Colorado New Mexico .... Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific Washington 9,425 826 30,297 7,651 3,021 52,930 1,774 -2, 195 -22,633 23.2 -72.7 -42.8 Oregon California 32 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE Value of land and buildings. — During the 20 years, 1910 to 1930, there was an increase of $480,228,096, or 52 per cent, as shown by Table 22, in the value of land and buildings operated by Negro farmers. This increase reported for 1930 indicated that farm values were at higher levels than at the census of 1910, but below the inflated values of 1920, a condition that is further emphasized by the fact that during the same 20-year period, as shown in Tables 20 and 21, there was a reduction in the number of Negro farmers and also in the acres of land in farms operated by them. The North reported a decrease of $3,588,166, or 7.9 per cent; the South an increase of $481,599,257, or 55.1 per cent, and the West an increase of $2,217,005, or 57.2 per cent. Seven States in the North, including Maine, Vermont, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Missouri reported increases during the 20- years, 1910 to 1930. In the South all except Georgia and the District of Columbia reported increases, and in the West the States of Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Wash- ington, and Oregon reported lesser values, the total of which failed, however, to counterbalance the total increase of the seven other States composing the terri- tory denominated as the West. In the North the greatest increase in amount, but not in the percentage increase, was made by Missouri. Of the States in the South, Mississippi followed by Texas reported the greatest increases in values but Louisiana and North Carolina showed the greatest percentage increases. In the West, California outstripped the other States in the amount of increased values for the 20 years covered by this table. TABLE 22. — VALUE OP LAND AND BUILDINGS OF FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES, 1930 AND 1910, WITH INCREASE DURING THE 20- YEAR PERIOD, 1910 TO 1930, BY SECTIONS, DIVISIONS, AND STATES [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease] SECTION, DIVISION, AND STATE VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS 1930 1910 Increase, 1910-1930 Amount Per cent United States 81, 402, 945, 799 $922, 717, 70S $480, 228, 096 52.0 The North 41, 668, 222 1, 355, 181, 667 6, 095, 910 45, 256, 388 873, 582, 410 3, 878, 905 -3, 588, 166 481, 599, 257 2, 217, 005 -7.9 55.1 57.2 The South The West New England . - - 909, 395 802, 360 107, 035 13.3 Maine - - 41,400 18,000 118, 700 376, 595 40,000 314, 700 5, 140, 255 36,850 61,300 42,350 258,065 62,600 341, 195 5, 299, 347 4,550 -43, 300 76,350 118, 530 -22,600 -26,495 -159,092 12.3 -70.6 180.3 45.9 -36. 1 -7.8 New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts . Rhode Island Connecticut - - Middle Atlantic - -3.0 New York 875, 575 2, 070, 400 2, 194, 280 13, 304, 751 1, 234, 530 1, 689, 737 2, 375, 080 17, 477, 649 -358, 955 380,663 -180,800 -4, 172, 898 -29.1 22.5 -7.6 -23.9 New Jersey . Pennsylvania East North Central Ohio 5, 434, 735 1, 947, 915 3, 704, 618 1, 874, 378 343, 105 5, 989, 075 3, 317, 747 5, 972, 592 2, 024, 685 173, 550 -554, 340 -1,369,832 -2,267,974 -150,307 169, 555 -9.3 -41.3 -38.0 -7.4 97.7 Indiana . . , Illinois Michigan Wisconsin ... THE NEGRO FARMER 33 TABLE 22. — VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS OF FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES, 1930 AND 1910, WITH INCREASE DURING THE 20- YEAR PERIOD, 1910 TO 1930, BY SECTIONS, DIVISIONS, AND STATES — Continued SECTION, DIVISION, AND STATE VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS 1930 1910 Increase, 1910-1930 Amount Per cent West North Central . $22, 313, 821 $21, 677, 032 $636, 789 2.9 Minnesota . 187, 325 878, 234 14, 498, 297 62,700 285,425 308,080 6,093,760 484, 443, 943 123,915 1, 054, 495 12, 006, 443 154, 100 507, 405 513, 360 7, 317, 314 365, 068, 245 63,410 -176,261 2, 491, 854 -91,400 -221, 980 -205, 280 -1,223,554 119, 375, 698 51.2 -16.7 20.8 -59.3 -43.7 -40.0 -16.7 32.7 Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska .. . . Kansas . .. South Atlantic Delaware 2, 628, 590 18, 896, 282 82,000 71, 722, 401 1, 480, 628 153, 882, 635 105, 693, 220 114, 688, 230 15, 369, 957 426, 528, 844 1,981,716 10, 267, 284 89,400 45, 143, 291 1, 075, 204 66, 793, 591 98, 966, 444 128, 877, 032 11,874,283 279, 431, 194 646, 874 8, 628, 998 -7,400 26,579,110 405, 424 87, 089, 044 6, 726, 776 -14,188,802 3, 495, 674 147, 097, 650 32.6 84.0 -8.3 58.9 37.7 130.4 6.8 -11.0 29.4 52.6 Maryland District of Columbia - - Virginia - West Virginia North Carolina .. . South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Centra] Kentucky . . 16, 157, 593 56, 339, 610 104, 726, 209 249, 305, 432 444, 208, 880 15,017,228 42, 183, 226 73, 834, 072 148, 396, 668 229, 082, 971 1, 140, 365 14, 156, 384 30, 892, 137 100, 908, 764 215, 125, 909 7.6 33.6 41.8 68.0 93.9 Tennessee .- Alabama Mississippi . - - West South Central ... -i Arkansas . . . ._ .. 118,180,961 108, 668, 818 37,967,113 179,391.988 2, 037, 510 68, 978, 464 44, 891, 918 24, 552, 515 90, 660, 074 1, 155, 995 49, 202, 497 63, 776, 900 13,414,598 88, 731, 914 881,515 71.3 142.1 54.6 97.9 76.3 Louisiana . . . Oklahoma - Texas _ Mountain Montana . 115,084 107,200 139,020 445, 540 400,956 761, 510 24,200 44,000 4, 058, 400 114,680 54,250 129,200 477, 520 199, 245 30,100 80,500 70,500 2, 722, 910 404 52,950 9,820 -31,980 201,711 731,410 -56,300 -26,500 1,335,490 0.4 97.6 7.6 -6.7 101.2 2, 429. 9 -69.9 -37.6 49.0 Idaho . Wyoming.. Colorado . New Mexico \ Arizona Utah Nevada ... Pacific - Washington .. . ... 356, 705 32,420 3, 669, 275 470, 625 151, 350 2, 100, 935 -113,920 -118,930 1, 568, 340 -24.2 -78.6 74.6 Oregon . . California Tenure by racial class. — Data on the number of farmers by tenure and racial class, and the per cent distribution by tenure of each of these groups are pre- sented in Table 23. Of the 882,850 Negro farmers, 181,016, or 20.5 per cent, were owners as compared with 77 per cent of the Indian, 16.3 per cent of the other colored, and 62.6 per cent of the white farmers. The 700,911 Negro tenant farm- ers constituted 79.4 per cent of all farmers of that racial class as against a 22.7 per cent tenancy for Indians, a 50.4 for the other colored, and one of 36.4 per cent for the white farm operators. Managers numbered 55,889 of whom 923 were Negroes, 68 Indians, 2,131 other colored, and 52,767 white. In the South, 176,130, or 20.2 per cent, of the Negroes, 5,850, or 55 per cent, of the Indians, and 1,233,656, or 52.7 per cent, of the whites owned the farms they were operating, while 694,001, or 79.7 per cent, of the Negroes, 4,766, or 44.8 per 130058—33 5 34 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE cent, of the Indians, and 1,091,944, or 46.6 per cent, of the white farmers were reported as tenants. Of the 17,358 farm managers in the South, 805 were Negroes, 21 Indians, and 16,529 white. Excluding Negroes and Indians there were only 114 nonwhite farm operators in the South. In the North, where Negroes form only 3.3 per cent of the total population, only 1.2 per cent of the rural population and operate less than one-half of 1 per cent of the farms, tenure conditions are somewhat different than in the South. Due to a higher percentage of ownership for Negro, Indian, and white farm operators, tenancy falls to lower levels. Negroes owned 4,424, or 39.8 per cent, were tenants on 6,588, or 59.3 per cent, and managed slightly less than 1 per cent of the 11,104 farms operated by them in the North. Less than 100 nonwhite farmers, exclusive of Negroes and Indians, operated in the North. Although few in number, Negro farmers in the West owned 57 per cent, operated as tenants 39.8 per cent, and were managers of 3.2 per cent of the 810 farms reported for them in that section of the country. The percentage ownership for Negro, Indian, and white farmers was greater in the West than in the South or North, and it is in this section that nearly 97 per cent (96.7) of the total number of colored farmers, other than Negroes and Indians, operate. TABLE 23. — NUMBEK OF FARM OPERATORS, BY COLOR AND TENURE, BY SECTIONS, 1930 TENURE FARM OPERATORS Total Negro Indian Other i colored White1 Per cent distribution Negro Indian Other colored White Total UNITED STATES 6, 288, 648 882, 850 26, 817 6,403 5, 372, 578 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners 3, 568, 394 2,664,365 55,889 181, 016 700,911 923 20,658 6,091 68 1,046 3,226 2,131 3, 365, 674 1, 954, 137 62, 767 20.5 79.4 ... 77.0 22.7 0.3 16.3 50.4 33.3 62.6 36.4 .1.0 Tenants . Total THE SOUTH 3, 223, 816 870, 936 10,637 114 2, 342, 129 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners 1, 415, 675 1, 790, 783 17,358 176, 130 694, 001 805 5,850 4,766 21 39 72 3 1, 233, 656 1, 091, 944 16,529 20.2 79.7 0.1 55.0 44.8 0.2 34.2 63.2 2.6 52.7 46.6 0.7 Tenants Managers Total THE NORTH 2, 561, 785 11,104 4,753 99 2, 545, 829 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners 1, 768, 206 768,486 25,093 4,424 6,588 92 3,929 807 17 35 64 1, 759, 818 761, 027 24, 984 39.8 59.3 0.8 82.7 17.0 0.4 35.4 64.6 69.1 29.9 1.0 Tenants Managers Total THE WEST 503,047 810 11, 427 6,190 484,620 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners 384, 513 105,096 13,438 462 322 26 10, 879 518 30 972 3,090 2,128 372,200 101, 166 11, 254 57.0 39.8 3.2 95.2 4.5 0.3 15.7 49.9 34.4 76.8 20.9 2.3 Tenants Managers ... 1 Includes 5,840 Japanese, 476 Chinese, 56 Filipinos, 30 Koreans, and 1 Hawaiian. 1 Includes Mexicans and Hindus. THE NEGRO FARMER 35 s fc o 02 w •< 02 fc W H P O 02 K W a O 5 K o i K fc 36 CENSUS OF AGBICULTURE H OQ (X ffl o EH 4 X w - O w H o B fc W B PH THE NEGRO FARMER 37 Changes in tenure. — In Table 24 statistics are given for the United States showing the changes by tenure of Negro and white farmers, and the changes in the South, the North, and the West for Negro farm operators as reported at the censuses of 1910, 1920, and 1930. Between 1910 and 1920 there was a net increase of 32,338 Negro farm operators. There was a loss of 360 owners but an increase of 32,106 tenants and 592 man- agers. During the same 10 years white farm operators increased by 57,835, with a loss of 15,633 owners accompanied by an increase of 63,805 tenants and 9,663 managers. From 1920 to 1930 there was a decrease of 42,858 Negro farmers in the United States. The number of owners decreased 37,596; tenants 4,159 and managers 1,103. Eight States, in the order named, South Carolina, Virginia, Georgia, Arkansas, Texas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Oklahoma having contributed 31,362, or 83.4 per cent (see Table 35) to the largest decrease in Negro farm ownership recorded since the first classification of Negro farm operators by tenure was made, at the census of 1900. The decrease in the number of Negro farm owners during the 10 years 1920 to 1930 amounted to 17.2 per cent as com- pared with a decrease of 8.8 per cent for white owners, but there was a large increase of white tenant farmers as compared with a loss of Negro tenant operators; TABLE 24. — NUMBER or NEGRO AND WHITE FARM OPERATORS IN THE UNITED STATES, BY TENURE, AND NUMBER OF NEGRO FARM OPERATORS, BY TENURE, BY SECTIONS: 1930, 1920, AND 1910 [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease] TENURE NEOBO FARM OPERATORS 1930 1920 1910 Increase Per cent distribu- tion 1930-1930 1910-1920 1930 1930 1910 Num- ber Per cent Num- ber Per cent Total UNITED STATES 882,850 935,708 893, 370 -42,858 -4.6 32, 338 3.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners Tenants 181,016 700,911 923 218, 612 705, 070 2,026 218, 972 672,964 1,434 -37, 596 -4, 159 — 1 103 -17.2 -0.6 —54 4 -360 32,106 592 -0.2 4.8 41.3 20.5 79.4 0.1 23.6 76.2 0.2 24.5 75.3 0.2 Managers Total THE SOUTH 870, 936 915, 595 880,836 -44,659 -4.9 34,759 3.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners 176, 130 694,001 805 212, 365 701, 471 1,759 211,087 668,559 1,190 -36, 235 7 470 -17.1 1 i 1,278 32, 912 569 0.6 4.9 47.8 20.2 79.7 0.1 23.2 76.6 0.2 24.0 75.9 0.1 Tenants Managers -954 -54.2 Total ... THE NORTH 11,104 9,330 12, 052 1,724 18.4 -2, 672 -28.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners 4,424 6,588 92 5,749 3,389 242 7,498 4,330 224 -1,325 3,199 -150 -23.0 94.4 —62.0 -1,749 -941 18 —23.3 39.8 59.3 0.8 61.3 36.1 2.6 62.2 35.9 1.9 Tenants -21.7 8.0 Managers - ... 38 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE TABLE 24. — NUMBER OF NEGRO AND WHITE FARM OPERATORS IN THE UNITED STATES, BY TENURE, AND NUMBER OF NEGRO FARM OPERATORS, BY TENURE, BY SECTIONS: 1930, 1920, AND 1910 — Continued TENURE NEGRO FARM OPERATORS— Continued 193O 1920 1910 Increase Per cent distribu- tion 1920-193O 1910-1920 1930 192O 1910 Num- ber Per cent Num- ber Per cent Total THE WEST 810 733 482 77 10.6 251 52.1 100.0 57.0 39.8 3.2 100.0 100.0 Owners. 462 322 28 498 210 25 387 75 . -36 112 1 -7.2 53.3 4.0 ill 135 5 28.7 180.0 25.0 67.9 28.6 3.4 80.3 15.6 4.1 Tenants Managers Total' WHITE FARM OPERATORS IN THE UNITED STATES 5,372,578 5,498,454 5,440,619 -125,876 -2.3 57,835 1.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners Tenants... 3, 365, 674 1, 964, 137 52, 767 3, 691, 868 1, 740, 363 66,223 3, 707, 501 1, 676, 558 56,560 -326, 194 213, 774 -13,456 -8.8 12.3 -20.3 -15,633 63,805 9,663 -0.4 3.8 17.1 62.6 36.4 1.0 67.1 31.7 1.2 68.1 30.8 1.0 Managers 1 Includes Mexicans and Hindus. Per cent distribution of Negro owner and tenant operators. — It will be apparent from the figures given in Table 25 that there was a steady decrease at each census from 1910 to 1930 in the percentage of ownership of farms operated by Negroes, and a corresponding increase in the percentage of tenant operators for the United States as a whole. In the group of Southern States there were slight increases in the percentage of ownership between 1920 and 1930 for Delaware, Georgia, Florida, and Kentucky, while Delaware, Florida, and Alabama were the only States in the South where the percentage Negro ownership in 1930 was higher than at the census of 1910. As indicated in Table 35, Delaware was the only Southern State in which there was even a small increase in the number of Negro owners. In this same Table (35) it will be noted that the number of both owners and tenants decreased in Maryland, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ala- bama and that the number of Negro tenants increased in only seven of the Southern States, namely' — West Virginia, North Carolina, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas. THE NEGRO FARMER 39 TABLE 25. — PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OP OWNED AND TENANT FARMS OPER- ATED BY NEGROES, BY SECTIONS AND STATES: 1930, 1920, AND 1910 SECTION AND STATE PER CENT OF TOTAL REPORTED AS — Owners Tenants 1930 1920 1910 1930 1990 1910 United State*. 20.5 23.6 24.5 79.4 76.2 75.3 The North 39.8 20.2 57.0 61.3 23.2 67.9 62.2 24.0 80.3 59.3 79.7 39.8 36.1 76.6 28.6 35.9 75.9 15.6 The South . The West NEW ENGLAND: 93.3 83.3 77.3 93.7 88.9 75.8 75.7 62.4 63.5 63.5 59.7 51.4 78.9 74.5 70.4 56.8 19.9 50.0 65.0 42.1 57.4 46.2 55.8 72.7 61.6 75.9 25.4 20.7 12.8 50.5 45.9 22.3 17.0 12.4 14.4 14.2 22.8 23.9 71.4 43.8 66.7 69.2 64.6 46.0 80.0 66.7 83.6 88.9 49.5 100.0 85.7 75.0 86.4 68.4 67.7 62.0 53.5 57.9 65.2 53.5 59.8 73.4 87.2 72.7 67.9 58.2 42.3 70.2 49.2 62.5 40.7 57.2 45.0 64.8 80.0 29.0 20.9 12.3 48.8 42.1 25.8 18.1 14.4 21.3 17.7 37.0 29.9 83.9 69.6 100.0 77.7 75.0 59.4 31.1 60.0 82.3 73.3 63.1 85.7 78.6 85.0 86.4 70.0 67.6 65.4 55.5 62.2 67.3 58.1 55.3 78.4 81.3 55.2 65.2 57.5 81.8 85.1 78.1 63.8 44.0 62.0 66.7 67.0 78.8 32.1 21.0 12.8 49.6 50.5 27.9 15.4 15.2 23.1 19.5 36.5 30.3 75.9 100.0 89.5 71.6 85.4 83.3 100.0 66.7 83.1 81.5 78.6 6.7 16.7 18.2 4.8 10.7 14.3 10.0 9.7 30.0 21.0 30.5 38.8 32.0 31.3 40.0 43.4 20.2 16.7 41.4 33.7 41.3 18.2 14.9 21.9 34.9 54.2 36.6 25.0 32.7 20.2 67.8 78.8 87.1 49.7 49.1 71.9 84.5 84.8 76.9 80.4 63.4 69.5 17.2 New Hampshire 7.1 14.3 6.8 26.3 24.6 29.0 42.9 32.2 32.6 44.0 39.2 25.3 12.8 27.3 31.2 40.1 50.0 27.7 44.4 36.0 57.8 40.4 50.0 34.8 18.5 70.9 79.0 87.5 50.4 57.6 74.1 81.8 85.5 78.6 82.2 62.4 69.9 12.9 30.4 Vermont ... Massachusetts Connecticut 15.2 22.3 33.9 32.6 35.6 39.9 47.9 19.9 25.5 29.6 43.2 79.8 50.0 32.5 57.9 41.6 51.4 41.9 18.2 38.2 22.7 74.5 79.3 87.2 48.7 54.0 77.6 83.0 87.6 85.6 85.7 77.1 76.0 28.6 43.8 33.3 29.5 35.4 50.6 20.0 33.3 13.7 11.1 46.2 MIDDLE ATLANTIC: New York ._ , New Jersey . - Pennsylvania.. EAST NORTH CENTRAL: Ohio Indiana . Illinois ... .. .... . Michigan Wisconsin ... . WEST NORTH CENTRAL: Minnesota. _-..... Iowa Missouri . . North Dakota South Dakota - Nebraska . Kansas . . SOUTH ATLANTIC: Delaware . .... Maryland District of Columbia . .... Virginia ... West Virginia . ..... North Carolina .- South Carolina Georgia . . Florida EAST SOUTH CENTRAL: Kentucky Tennessee . Alabama. . Mississippi . - .... WEST SOUTH CENTRAL: Arkansas Louisiana .. . Oklahoma Texas - MOUNTAIN: Montana... . .. Idaho . Wyoming 5.3 27.2 6.3 16.7 Colorado 18.9 25.0 31.3 67.2 40.0 17.7 13.3 32.4 New Mexico .. . Arizona Utah. Nevada 16.7 14.3 14.8 16.4 PACIFIC: Washington Oregon . California Loss of owned land. — In Table 26 the land (acres) in farms operated by Negro owners, tenants, and managers in 1930 and 1920 is apportioned by sections with the increase or decrease, and the per cent distribution by tenure of all land. The land operated by owners decreased from 13,948,512 acres in 1920 to 11,198,893 in 1930 which represents a loss during the 10 years of 2,749,619 acres, or an area (4,296 square miles) more than twice the size of Delaware, and as shown by 40 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE Table 36, Negro farm owners in all but eight States contributed to this economic loss. Possibly the most striking fact is the loss of 19.7 per cent in the acreage of owned farms, as compared with a decrease of only 3.4 per cent among tenant operators. The per cent distribution indicates that 29.8 per cent of the land in 1930 and 33.7 per cent in 1920 was operated by owners, although only 20.5 per cent of the farm- ers were owners in 1930, and but 23.6 per cent in 1920. (See Table 25.) Only in the West was 50 per cent or more of the acreage operated by owners. TABLE 26. — NUMBER OF ACRES IN FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES, WITH PER- CENTAGES, BY TENURE, BY SECTIONS: 1930 AND 1920 [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease] TENURE ACRES IN FARMS 1930 1920 Increase, 1920-1930 Per cent distri- bution Number Per cent 1930 1990 Total UNITED STATES 37, 597, 138 41,432,182 -3, 835, 050 -9.3 100.0 100.0 Owners 11, 198, 893 26, 149, 167 249,072 13, 948, 512 27, 077, 582 406,088 -2,749,619. -928, 415 -157,016 -19.7 -3.4 -38.7 29.8 69.6 0.7 33.7 65.4 1.0 Tenants . Managers .. . .. ToUl. THE SOUTH 36,758,484 40,544,241 -3, 785, 757 -9.3 100.0 100.0 Owners . _ 10,785,312 25, 743, 234 229,938 13, 434, 106 26,754,386 355, 749 -2, 648, 794 -1,011,152 -125,811 -19.7 -3.8 -35.4 29.3 70.0 0.6 33.1 66.0 0.9 Tenants Managers. . _ Total THE NORTH 720, 872 767, 953 47 081 6.1 100.0 100.0 Owners . . 332,520 373, 214 15,138 435, 075 294,543 38, 335 -102,555 78, 671 -23, 197 -23.6 26.7 -60.5 46.1 51.8 2.1 56.7 38.4 5.0 Tenants. . ..... Managers . Total THE WEST 117,776 119,988 -2,212 -1.8 100.0 100.0 Owners 81,061 32, 719 3,996 79, 331 28,653 12,004 1,730 4,066 -8,008 2.2 14.2 -66.7 68. 8 66. 1 27. 8 23. 9 3. 4 10. 0 Tenants Managers. . . . . Average values. — The general decline in the values of Negro-operated farms from the high levels of 1920 is plainly reflected in the greatly reduced average values shown in Table 27. The average value per farm of land and buildings decreased $850, or 34.9 per cent, and the average value of land and buildings per acre of Negro-operated farms dropped from $54.49 in 1920 to $37.32 in 1930, a shrinkage of $17.17 per acre during the 10 years. The downward trend resulted in a decrease for owners of $687, or 27.1 per cent in the average value per farm of land and buildings, and a loss of $9.87, or 24.8 per cent in the average value per acre of land and buildings. Both amounts and percentage decreases per farm- and acre were higher for tenants in the United States as a whole. THE NEGRO FARMER 41 In the South, Negro owners sustained a loss of $676 in the average value per farm of land and buildings as compared with one of $956 in the North and $1,253 in the West. The average value per acre of land and buildings of Negro owners in the South decreased $9.75; in the North, $12.28; and in the West, $11.21, while the per cent average value reductions for owners by sections were 25.1 for the South; 18.8 for the North; and 25.4 for the West. TABLE 27. — AVERAGE VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS OF FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES, PER FARM AND PER ACRE, BY TENURE, BY SECTIONS AND SOUTHERN DIVISIONS: 1930 AND 1920 [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease] SECTION, DIVISION, AND TENURK AVERAGE VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS Per farm Per acre 1930 1920 . Increase, 1920-1930 1930 1920 Increase, 1920-1930 Amount Per cent Amount Per cent United States. . $1, 589 $2, 439 -$850 -84.9 $37.32 $54.49 -$17. 17 -31.5 Owners 1,848 1,503 16,083 2,535 2,378 13,411 -687 -875 2,672 -27. 1 29.86 40.29 59.60 39.73 61.91 66 91 -9.87 -21.62 -7.31 -24.8 -34.9 -10.9 Tenants . -36.8 19.9 Managers The South 1,556 1,783 1,482 15, 789 2,393 2,459 2,349 12, 155 -837 -676 -867 3,634 -35.0 -27.5 -36.9 29.9 36.87 29.12 39.95 55.27 54.04 38.87 61.58 60.10 -17. 17 -9.75 — 21. 63 -3L8 -25.1 -35.1 -8.0 Owners. Tenants . Managers . -4.83 South Atlantic 1,637 1,703 1,585 14,250 1,330 1,634 1,263 22,237 1,746 2,087 1,659 14, 890 3,753 3,998 3,389 17,997 7.526 5,77] 9,164 18, 431 2,568 2,323 2,626 11,662 2,104 2,296 2,046 11,453 2,460 2,876 2,339 14,059 6,379 4,954 7,748 21,042 9,287 7,024 12,428 27,972 -931 -620 -1,041 2,588 -774 -662 -783 10,784 -744 -789 -680 831 -2,626 -956 -4, 359 -3,045 -1,761 -1,253 -3,264 -9,541 -36.3 -26.7 -39.6 22.2 36.8 33.29 32.20 33.43 62.30 35.79 23.45 40.83 62.27 43.17 31.41 48.22 39.52 57.80 53.18 59.82 109.38 51.76 32.89 90.18 119. 92 54.08 43.24 58.57 76.39 53.35 32.41 63.52 54.17 54.77 39.22 65. 14 45.02 77.91 65.46 89. 15 132. 84 56.73 44. 10 91.08 58.26 20 79 -38.4 -25.5 -42.9 -18.4 -32.3 -27.6 -35.7 15.0 -21.2 -19.9 -26.0 -12.2 -25.8 -18.8 -32.9 -17.7 -8.8 -25.4 -1.0 105.8 Owners -11.04 -25. 14 -14.09 -17.56 -8.96 -22.69 8.10 -11.60 -7.81 -16.92 -5.50 -20.11 -12.28 -29.33 -23.46 -4.97 -11.21 -0.90 61.66 Tenants . Managers East South Central Owners -28.8 -38.3 94.2 -29.9 -27.4 -29.1 5.9 -41.2 -19.3 -56.3 -14.5 -19.0 -17.8 -26.3 -34.1 Tenants.. Managers. West South Central Owners Tenants Managers The North Owners Tenants.. Managers . The West Owners . . Tenants. Managers Land values. — For the country as a whole, the value of land in farms operated by Negroes in 1930 was $1,062,536,439, as shown in Table 28. The per cent dis- tribution of this aggregate value by sections indicates that 96.6 per cent was in the South; 2.9 per cent in the North, and one-half of 1 per cent in the West. When distributed according to the tenure of operators, however, a slight differ- ence appears for both owners and tenants, and also for managers. Owned farm land in the South had a reported value of $214,907,952, or 94 per cent of the total value of all farm land operated by Negro owners. In the North their owned land had a value of $11,611,190, or 5.1 per cent of the total, and in the West the value amounted to $2,190,558, or 1 per cent of the total for the United States. 130058—33 6 42 t EXSUS OF AGRICULTURE TABLE 28. — VALUE OF LAND IN FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES, BY TENURE, BY SECTIONS AND DIVISIONS, 1930 VALUE OF LAND ALONE SECTION AND DIVISION Total Owners Tenants Managers United States *1. 062, 536,439 1223,709,700 1823,005,518 $10, 821, 223 The South 1, 026, 877, 643 214.907.952 ] 802,581,553 9,388,138 South Atlantic 342, 118,722 323. 130, 648 361. 628, 273 30, 366. 748 85. 227. 015 57, 360, 605 72, 320. 332 11,611,190 252, 300. 365 263, 328, 563 286, 952, 625 17, 726, 373 4, 591. 342 2,441.480 2. 355, 316 1, 029, 185 East South Central West South Central The North New England 406,290 2, 687, 260 9, 130, 656 18, 142. 542 5, 292. 048 302,565 1,095,865 4, 265, 786 5, 946, 974 2, 190, 558 31.725 1, 282, 195 4.602,325 11,810,128 2, 697, 590 72,000 309,200 262,545 385.440 403.900 Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central The West Mountain 1, 792, 685 3, 499. 363 802,065 1, 388. 493 919, 620 1, 777, 970 71.000 332,900 Pacific United States PEE CENT DISTRIBUTION 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 The South 96.6 2.9 0.5 94.0 5.1 1.0 97.5 2.2 0.3 86.8 9.5 3.7 The North The West Owner and tenant comparisons. — The average size of farms operated by Negro owners and tenants in 1930 and the average value per farm and per acre of the land (alone) operated by them is shown in Table 29. For the United States as a whole; in each section and in all of the Southern States except Delaware, Mary- land, Virginia, and West Virginia the average size of farms operated by Negro owners was larger than for tenants, but only in Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, and Florida was the average value of land per acre greater for owners than for tenants. Excepting the negligible District of Columbia, the State of Maryland reported the highest average value per acre for owners, while Georgia reported the lowest. The highest average value per acre for Negro tenant op- erators was reported by Arkansas and the lowest by Georgia which, as previously stated, reported the lowest average value per acre for owners. THE NEGRO FARMER 43 TABLE 29. — AVERAGE SIZE AND AVERAGE VALUE OF FARMS AND FARM ACREAGE OPERATED BY NEGRO OwitEHfl AND TENANTS BY SECTIONS, SOUTHERN Dna- SIONS AND STATES, 1930 SECTION AND STATE FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES Average size (acres) Average value (land alone) Owners Tenants Per farm Per acre Owners Tenants Owners Tenants United States 61.9 37.3 N.M 11, 174 120.42 131.47 The South 61.2 37.1 1,220 1,156 19.93 31.18 South Atlantic 52.9 69.7 66.4 75.2 175. 5 47.4 30.9 34.4 56.7 101.6 1,070 1,136 1,573 2,625 4,741 1,169 975 1,378 2,691 8,378 20.22 16.31 23.68 34.92 27.02 24.67 31.53 40.05 47.50 82.45 East South Central West South Central The North The West THE SOUTH SOUTH ATLANTIC: Delaware - - ... . 36.9 36.6 3.5 4S.4 49.7 49.7 49.3 79.7 50.6 43.9 53.5 74.7 76.5 61.5 57.3 82.2 71.1 90.7 97.8 3.5 55.3 77.2 42.2 38.5 55.5 41.7 31.8 34.2 37.9 26.9 26.1 26.8 65.9 44.9 1.031 1,224 3,466 948 1,380 1,300 945 1,066 1,077 1,136 1,248 1,092 1,129 1,417 1,370 2,275 1,646 2,360 3,225 1,500 1,273 2,451 1,575 1,014 931 848 1,286 1,186 764 1,033 1,143 1,131 2,068 1,739 27.91 33.41 990.18 19.60 27.79 26.15 19.19 13.38 21.29 25.90 23.31 14.62 14.76 23.03 23.89 27.68 23.13 26.02 32.97 428.57 22.99 31.74 37.34 26.33 16.77 20.32 40.48 34.70 20.14 38.33 43.87 42.24 31.38 38.75 Maryland District of Columbia . . . Virginia West Virginia . -... . North Carolina South Carolina . . - - Georgia Florida . . EAST SOUTH CENTRAL: Kentucky Tennessee . . Alabama Mississippi .. . WEST SOUTH CENTRAL: Arkansas ... . . Louisiana Oklahoma , , , Texas Value of all buildings. — The buildings on farms operated by Negroes had a value of $340,409,360, as reported in Table 30. The South reported values to the amount of $328,304,024, or 96.4 per cent of the total, the North reported $11,301,474, or 3.3 per cent, and the West a value less than $1,000,000, or $803,862, which was less than one-half of 1 per cent of the total value for the United States. As in the preceding table substantial differences appear in the per cent dis- tribution of values by tenure of operators. In the South, farm buildings owned by Negroes were valued at $99,192,480, or 93.8 per cent of the total, $105,741,696, for the United States; in the North at $6,073,789, or 5.7 per cent; and in the West at $475,427, an amount equal to one-half of 1 per cent of the aggregate value. With 29,208 more owned farms in the South Atlantic division than in the East South Central (see Table 35) the value of owned farm buildings in the South Atlantic division exceeds by $25,404,681 the value in the East South Central. The higher average value of land and buildings per owned farm and per acre in the South Atlantic division is shown in Table 27. 44 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE TABLE 30. — VALUE OF ALL BUILDINGS ON FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES, BY TENURE, BY SECTIONS AND DIVISIONS, 1930 SECTION AND DIVISION VALUE OF ALL BUILDINGS Total Owners Tenants Managers United States $340. 409, 360 $105, 741, 696 S230, 644, 120 $4, 023, 544 The South 328, 304, 024 99, 192, 480 225, 789, 875 3, 321, 669 South Atlantic 142, 325, 221 103, 398, 196 82, 580, 607 11,301,474 50, 497, 142 25, 092, 461 23, 602, 877 6,073,789 89, 622, 060 77,634,070 58, 533, 745 4, 601, 110 2, 206, 019 671, 665 443, 985 626, 575 East South Central . West South Central The North New England 503,105 2, 452, 995 4,174,095 4, 171, 279 803,862 348, 760 1,326,810 2, 530, 750 1, 867, 469 475,427 35,345 883,685 1, 490, 320 2, 191, 760 253,135 119,000 242, 505 153, 020 112, 050 75,300 Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central The West Mountain.. . 244,825 559, 037 141, 620 333, 807 93,205 159, 930 10,000 65,300 Pacific United States PER CENT DISTRIBUTION 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 The South 96.4 3.3 0.2 93.8 5.7 0.4 97.9 2.0 0.1 82.6 15.6 1.9 The North The West Shrinkage of farm values, by tenure of operators. — A loss of $854,699,526 in the value of land and buildings, due to a decrease of 42,858 in the number of Negro farmers, and also to the widespread decline of farm values since 1920, is shown in Table 31. For owners there was a decrease, during the 10 years, of $219,706,607, or 39.6 per cent. Tenants reported a $622,666,228, or 37.1 per cent reduction, and managers a shrinkage of $12,326,691, or 45.4 per cent. The reports of Negro owners in the South showed a loss of $208,077,705, or 39.8 per cent; of those in the North, $10,796,782, or 37.9 per cent, and of those in the West, $832,120, or 23.8 per cent. The great decrease, between 1920 and 1930, in the value of farm land owned by Negroes results from two factors — a decrease in the acreage owned, as indicated in Table 26, and the decrease in the value of the acreage they still own. (See Table 27.) These figures show a loss of 2,749,619 acres formerly owned by Negro farm operators, and a decrease of $687 per farm, or nearly $10 per acre in the average value of owned farm land and buildings. The only sectional increase reported in the value of land and buildings of Negro farmers was for tenants in the West where there was an increase of $340,911, or 13.1 per cent. THE NEGRO FARMER 45 TABLE 31. — VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS FOR FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES, BY TENURE, BY SECTIONS: 1930 AND 1920 [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease] TENURE VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS 1930 1920 Increase, 1920-1930 Per cent dis- tribution Amount Per cent 1930 1920 TpUl UNITED STATES 81, 402, 945, 799 82, 257, 645, 325 -8854, 699, 526 -37.9 100.0 100.0 Owners 334, 451, 396 1, 053, 649, 636 14, 844, 767 554, 158, 003 1, 676, 315, 864 27, 171, 458 -219, 706, 607 -622, 666, 228 -12,326,691 -39.6 -37.1 -45.4 23.8 75.1 1.1 24.5 74.3 1.2 Tenants Managers .. . .. Total THE SOUTH 81,365,181,667 82,191,005,642 -8835, 823, 975 -38.1 100.0 100.0 Owners 314, 100, 432 1, 028, 371, 428 12, 709, 807 522, 178, 137 1, 647, 447, 607 21, 379, 898 —208, 077, 705 -39.8 -37.6 —40.6 23.2 75.9 0.9 23.8 75.2 1.0 Tenants . -619, 076, 179 -8, 670, 091 Managers _ .. Total THE NORTH $41, 668, 222 859, 832, 464 -818, 164, 242 -30.4 100.0 100.0 Owners 17, 684, 979 22, 327, 483 1. 655, 760 28, 481, 761 26, 258, 443 5, 092, 260 -10,796,782 -3, 930, 960 —3,436,500 -37.9 -15.0 -67.5 42.4 53.6 4.0 47.6 43.9 8.5 Tenants Managers ........... Total THE WEST 86, 095, 910 86, 807, 219 -8711, 309 -10.4 100.0 100.0 Owners 2, 665, 985 2, 950, 725 479,200 3, 498, 105 2, 609, 814 699,300 -832, 120 340,911 -220,100 -23.8 13.1 -31.5 43.7 48.4 7.9 51.4 38.3 10.3 Tenants Managers . . Mortgaged farms. — As indicated in Table 32, colored full owners throughout the South and in the seven selected Northern States, where 98.8 and 98.5 per cent, respectively, of all colored farmers are Negroes (see Table 9), quite generally reported their freedom from or their encumbrance with farm mortgages. In the South 60.4 per cent of the owners reported their farms free from mortgages; 29.9 per cent reported mortgages, and only 9.7 per cent failed to report. In the North, where values are generally higher than in the South (see Table 27), the selected States reported 49.1 per cent free; 45.5 per cent mortgaged, while no reports were received from 5.4 per cent of the owners. A comparison of the States forming the South shows that West Virginia followed, in the order named, by Florida and Virginia, reported the highest percentages of wholly owned farms free from mortgage, and that exclusive of the almost negligible District of Columbia, the State of Mississippi reported the highest percentage of mortgaged farms, followed by Delaware and Arkansas. In the North, the State of Missouri closely followed by Ohio, reported the highest percentage of fully owned farms free from mortgage, while Pennsylvania followed by New Jersey reported the highest percentages of farms mortgaged. 46 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE TABLE 32. — FARMS OPERATED BY COLORED FULL OWNERS, CLASSIFIED AC- CORDING TO MORTGAGE STATUS, BY SOUTHERN DIVISIONS AND STATES, AND SELECTED NORTHERN STATES, 1930 [Figures relate only to farms wholly owned by their operators] DIVISION AND STATB FARMS OPERATED BY COLORED FULL OWNERS Total Report- ed free from mortgage Report- ed mort- gaged Un- known (no report) Per cent distribution Report- ed free from mortgage Report- ed mort- gaged Un- known (no report) The South 140, 496 84,861 41,964 13, 671 60.4 29.9 9.7 South Atlantic 60, 714 39,887 15,860 4,967 65.7 26.1 8.2 Delaware. . . .. . . 309 2,362 7 19,200 328 13,198 11,937 9,014 4,359 39, 420 162 1,449 2 14, 077 258 7,671 7,745 5,311 3,212 20,659 124 814 3 4,184 48 4,258 3,263 2,541 625 15,087 23 99 2 939 22 1,269 929 1,162 522 3,674 52.4 61.3 28.6 73.3 78.7 58.1 64.9 58.9 73.7 52.4 40.1 34.5 42.9 21.8 14.6 32.3 27.3 28.2 14.3 38.3 7.4 4.2 28.6 4.9 6.7 9.6 7.8 12.9 12.0 9.3 Maryland District of Columbia _ . Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida... East South Central Kentucky.. . 3,055 5,687 11,417 19,261 40, 362 1,898 3,456 6,140 9,165 24,315 682 1,639 4,135 8,631 11,017 475 592 1,142 1,465 5,030 62.1 60.8 53.8 47.6 60.2 22.3 28.8 36.2 44.8 27.3 15.5 10.4 10.0 7.6 12.5 Tennessee A labama Mississippi. West South Central.. Arkansas. 9,058 8,786 6,550 15,968 2,790 4,521 5,080 3,682 11,032 1,369 3,496 2,659 1,604 3,258 1,270 1,041 1,047 1,264 1,678 151 49.9 57.8 56.2 69.1 49.1 38.6 30.3 24.5 20.4 45.5 11.5 11.9 19.3 10.5 5.4 Louisiana. Oklahoma Texas. Selected Northern States ' New Jersey 217 221 640 207 309 815 381 103 91 324 95 150 416 190 107 121 265 97 140 370 170 7 9 51 15 19 29 21 47.5 41.2 50.6 45.9 48.5 51.0 49.9 49.3 54.8 41.4 46.9 45.3 45.4 44.6 3.2 4.1 8.0 7.2 6.1 3.6 5.5 Pennsylvania Ohio Indiana Illinois.. Missouri Kansas 1 States having 200 or more Negro farmers who constitute 90 per cent or more of the colored farm operators in the State. Implements and machinery. — The value of farm implements and machinery is the combined value of automobiles, trucks, tractors, tools, wagons, harnesses, dairy equipment, cotton gins, threshing machines, combines, apparatus for making cider, grape juice, sirup, and for drying fruits, and all other machinery. The value of commercial mills and factories located on the farm was not included. The 1930 average value per farm of implements and machinery for the United States was $525; for the North $845; the South $216, and the West $874. Increased use by Negro farmers. — Table 33 shows that the value of implements and machinery on farms operated by Negroes in 1930, amounted to $60,327,856. This is an average of $68 per farm as compared with $38 in 1910 and $25 in 1900 (no 1920 data available) . Dividing the country into sections, the North reported an average value of $178 in 1930 as compared with $110 in 1910 and $66 in 1900; the South gave an average value per farm of $67 in 1930 as compared with $37 in 1910 and $24 in 1900, and in the West the average value was $351 for 1930, $208 in 1910 and $107 at the census of 1900. THE NEGRO FARMER 47 For Negro farm owners the average value per farm of implements and machinery was decidedly higher than the average of $57 for farms operated by tenants. As indicated in Table 33, the average value for the United States was $109, for the North $236, for the South $106, and for the West $310. Nebraska with an average value of $1,324 ranked in first place, followed in the order named, by Idaho, Montana, and Minnesota, with average values of $961, $959, and $920, respectively. Seven other States, including Nevada, New York, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, Wisconsin, and Wyoming reported average values per farm ranging from $500 in Nevada to $882 in South Dakota. The highest average value of farm implements and machinery per owned farm in the South was $270 for Delaware, and the lowest was $71 for West Virginia. TABLE 33. — VALUE OF IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY ON FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES, BY TENURE, BY SECTIONS, DIVISIONS, AND STATES, 1930 •? ALUE OF IMPI.E MENTS AND M, kCHINEBY SECTION, DIVISION, AND STATE Total | Owners Tenants Managers Aver- age value per owned farm United States . $60 327 866 $19,784,411 $39, 920, 395 (623 050 1109 The North 1 971 346 1, 042, 391 855,340 73 616 236 The South 58 072, 123 18, 598, 940 38, 945, 123 528 060 106 The West 284 387 143, 080 119 932 21 375 310 New England . 57, 730 44,105 4,625 9 000 345 Maine . 6 075 4, 575 1 500 327 New Hampshire . _ 2,050 1,800 250 360 Vermont 18 525 12,525 1 000 5 000 737 M assac h use 1 1 s 19 320 16 645 275 2 400 223 Rhode Island 2,025 825 1 200 108 Connecticut .. .. 9 735 7,735 1 600 400 309 Middle Atlantic .. _ 414 576 235,976 154 140 24 460 415 New York 95 725 61,065 30,260 4 400 545 New Jersey 173 223 88 123 69 750 15 350 380 Pennsylvania 145 628 86 788 54 130 4 710 387 East North Central 584 661 348, 235 211 791 24 (535 184 Ohio 217 013 118 645 85 743 12 625 152 Indiana.. 77 162 37,982 38 330 850 138 Illinois 126,810 63,677 54,683 8 450 139 Michigan 137 755 106, 595 28 450 2 710 316 Wisconsin _ 25,921 21,336 4,585 520 West North Central . 914, 379 414, 075 484 784 15 520 226 Minnesota 18,965 17, 475 1,490 920 Iowa 46,001 20,271 25 730 303 Missouri 493 459 143 101 339 083 11 275 123 North Dakota ... 7,875 3,175 4,700 635 South Dakota 32 570 22 920 8 650 1 000 882 Nebraska 28,434 21, 178 7,256 1 324 Kansas . 287 075 185, 955 97, 875 3 245 344 South Atlantic. 19, 328, 688 7, 388, 829 11,648 568 291 291 93 Delaware 224 010 100 745 107 075 16 190 270 Maryland 945 402 423 994 440 104 144 District of Columbia 1 225 100 125 1 000 13 Virginia. _ 3,865 540 2,586 923 1 213 240 65 377 106 West Virginia 47 007 26 570 15 287 71 North Carolina 5, 155 245 1,697 834 3 439 906 17 505 89 South Carolina 4,081 739 1,262,222 2 791 449 28 068 79 Georgia 4 320 997 880 607 3 392 733 47 657 79 Florida... 687. 523 409.834 248. 649 29 fun 74 48 TABLE 33. — VALUE OF IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY ON FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES, BY TENURE, BY SECTIONS, DIVISIONS, AND STATES, 1930 — Con. V 4LUE OF IMPLE MENTS AND MA CHINEKY SECTION, DIVISION, AND STATE Total Owners Tenants Managers Aver- age value per owned farm East South Central $19, 776, 031 $5, 560, 624 $14, 087, 943 $127,464 $110 Kentucky 605,430 315, 392 281,988 8,050 76 Tennessee 2, 978, 809 941,349 2, 016, 755 20,705 120 Alabama 5, 091, 581 1, 549, 249 3, 516, 133 26,199 97 Mississippi 11,100,211 2, 754, 634 8, 273, 067 72,510 122 West South Central... 18, 967, 404 5, 649, 487 13, 208, 612 109,305 123 Arkansas . . . . 4, 769, 956 1,298,051 3,455,510 16, 395 113 Louisiana 4, 870, 550 1, 198, 264 3,648,111 24,175 114 Oklahoma.. - 1, 595, 879 569,728 1, 005, 601 20,550 165 Texas 7, 731, 019 2, 583, 444 5, 099, 390 48,185 126 Mountain 112,654 63,502 42,252 6,900 347 Montana .. . 15,590 14,390 1,200 959 Idaho.. 14,125 6,725 2,400 5,000 961 Wyoming 7,925 6,025 1,900 753 Colorado 23,097 12,835 10,262 238 New Mexico.. . . 18, 187 9,277 8,910 175 Arizona 32,175 12,945 17,330 1,900 324 Utah 305 305 76 Nevada . . . 1,250 1,000 250 500 Pacific 171, 733 79, 578 77,680 14, 475 285 Washington 22,740 15, 615 5,125 2,000 256 Oregon ~ 2,667 2,617 50 327 California. . . . 146,326 61,346 72,505 12, 475 292 Machinery distribution in Southern and selected Northern States. — The dis- tribution of specified farm machinery on farms of colored operators (see introduc- tion to Table 9) is presented in Table 34 for the South and seven Northern States. An apportionment by States is made of 190,226 automobiles, 11,739 motor trucks, 2,936 tractors, 422 electric motors for farm work, and 2,040 stationary gas engines. Colored farmers in Mississippi had 33,359 automobiles; in North Carolina they had 23,859; and in Texas, 22,339. Mississippi also led in the number (1,591) of motor trucks while Virginia and Texas occupied second and third places. North Carolina reported the largest number of tractors, followed by Oklahoma and Virginia. Oklahoma, Virginia, and Texas, in the order named, reported more electric motors for farm work than any other States, and the colored farmers in Virginia occupied first rank in the number of stationary gas engines. In the North, Missouri ranked in first place in the number of automobiles on farms of colored operators; New Jersey in the number of motor trucks; Kansas in tractors; and New Jersey again, in electric motors for farm work and in stationary gas engines. On the farms in the South there was an average of 4.7 colored farmers as compared with 2 white farmers per automobile. For motor trucks the averages were 79.7 colored and 10.4 white farmers per truck. In the seven selected North- ern States the averages were somewhat lower, colored farmers averaging 2.8, and white farmers 1.1 per automobile; while for motor trucks there were 15.1 colored, and 5.5 white farmers per truck. THE NEGRO FARMER 49 TABLE 34. — FARM MACHINERY REPORTED BY COLORED FARM OPERATORS IN THE SOUTHERN DIVISIONS AND STATES, AND IN SELECTED NORTHERN STATES 1930 SECTION, DIVISION, AND STATE The South... South Atlantic- Delaware -- 524 Maryland 2,629 District of Columbia. Virginia 13,870 West Virginia 149 North Carolina 23,859 South Carolina 18,901 Georgia 16,757 Florida 2, 075 East South Central 56,039 Kentucky 2,384 Tennessee..- 7,762 Alabama 12,534 Mississippi 33,359 West South Central 51,715 Arkansas 11,197 Louisiana 10,933 Oklahoma 7,246 Texas 22,339 Selected Northern States » - 3, 708 New Jersey 249 Pennsylvania 203 Ohio.. 663 Indiana 245 Illinois - 253 Missouri.. 1,461 Kansas—. 634 NUMBER OF— Automo- Motor biles trucks 186, 518 78,764 11,062 5,101 81 413 1,357 29 1,072 641 865 643 2,673 83 269 730 1,591 3,288 618 684 1,317 677 173 68 127 50 62 81 116 Tractors 2,533 1,221 36 157 1 291 6 373 100 182 75 514 53 94 124 243 798 124 137 295 242 403 41 33 96 42 31 60 100 Electric motors for farm work 363 137 1 13 25 16 171 24 15 103 29 Stationary gas engines 1,681 1,008 35 118 396 9 131 93 163 63 213 29 41 66 77 460 63 189 119 359 Farmers per auto- mobile 4.7 3.8 1.5 2.0 2.9 3.3 3.2 4.1 5.2 5.3 5.7 3.8 4.5 7.5 5.5 5.1 7.1 6.7 3.2 3.9 2.8 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.9 3.5 4.0 1.6 i States having 200 or more Negro farmers who constitute 90 per cent or more of the colored farm operators in the State. 50 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE TABLE 35. — NUMBER OP NEGRO FARM OPERATORS, BY [A minus sign (— ) SECTION, DIVISION, AND STATE NUMBER OF NEGRO FARM OPERATORS Total Owners Tenants Managers 1930 1930 1930 1930 1930 1930 1930 1920 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 .54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 United States 882, 850 925, 708 181,016 218,612 700, 911 708, 070 923 2,026 The North The South 11,104 870, 936 810 9, 380 915, 595 733 4,424 176, 130 462 5,749 212, 365 498 6,588 694, 001 322 3,389 701, 471 210 92 805 26 242 1,759 25 The West New England Maine 148 242 128 192 14 33 6 17 15 6 22 63 9 33 873 13 14 28 103 19 65 1,227 14 5 17 59 8 25 568 13 12 21 89 13 44 697 1 1 4 3 New Hampshire 1 4 7 5 16 444 1 3 7 1 5 86 Vermont 1 1 1 3 31 Massachusetts. _. Rhode Island Connecticut 5 274 Middle Atlantic New York - 148 372 353 3,065 245 531 451 3,674 112 232 224 1,892 152 284 261 2,335 33 126 115 1,149 71 228 145 1,273 3 14 14 24 22 19 45 66 New Jersey.. Pennsylvania East North Central Ohio 1,229 461 893 427 55 7,018 1,616 570 892 549 47 4,237 780 275 459 337 41 1,836 1,053 305 533 403 41 2,525 438 184 428 85 14 5,151 527 251 350 139 6 1,639 11 2 6 5 36 14 9 7 Indiana ....... Illinois Michigan . . Wisconsin West North Central 31 73 Minnesota . 27 118 5,844 10 40 38 941 295,934 33 109 2,824 26 47 63 1,135 382,278 19 67 1,163 5 26 16 540 79,683 24 74 1,643 11 33 31 709 102,056 8 51 4,661 5 13 22 391 215, 774 9 34 1,133 13 13 28 409 279,266 Iowa . 1 48 2 1 4 17 956 Missouri . .. 20 North Dakota.. South Dakota 1 Nebraska.. Kansas .. 10 477 South Atlantic Delaware 807 5,264 11 39,598 490 74,636 77,331 86, 787 11,010 320,600 872 6,208 20 47,690 504 74,849 109,005 130, 176 12,954 307,006 373 2,938 8 24,399 372 18, 978 15, 975 11,080 5,560 50,475 355 3,548 9 30,908 403 21, 714 22,759 16,040 6,320 55,488 415 2,206 2 15,123 111 55,635 61,285 75,635 5,362 269,985 504 2,509 10 16,585 93 53,040 86,063 113,929 6,533 251,112 19 120 1 76 7 23 71 72 88 140 13 151 1 197 8 95 183 207 101 406 Maryland . District of Columbia. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia . Florida East South Central Kentucky Tennessee . 9,104 35,123 93,795 182, 578 254,402 12,624 38, 181 95,200 161, 001 226,311 4.175 7,828 15,920 22, 552 45, 972 5,318 9,839 17,201 23,130 54,821 4,914 27,261 77,853 159, 957 208,242 7,271 28,289 77, 873 137, 679 171,093 15 34 22 69 188 35 53 126 192 397 Alabama . . Mississippi West South Central Arkansas 79, 556 73,734 15, 172 85,940 304 72,275 62,036 13,403 78, 597 349 11,452 10,488 3,454 20,578 183 15, 369 10, 975 4,958 23, 519 239 68,081 63, 192 11, 694 65,275 115 56,811 50,969 8,368 54,945 100 23 54 24 87 6 95 92 77 133 10 Louisiana . Oklahoma.. Texas . Mountain Montana 21 16 12 78 82 87 5 3 506 31 23 17 148 32 32 61 5 384 15 7 8 54 53 40 4 2 279 26 16 17 115 24 19 19 3 259 6 7 4 23 29 44 1 1 207 4 7 1 Idaho 2 Wyoming Colorado 28 8 10 41 2 110 1 5 New Mexico Arizona . 3 3 1 Utah Nevada Pacific.-. 20 15 Washington 73 9 424 79 15 290 61 8 210 65 11 183 10 1 196 14 2 94 2 Oregon 2 13 California . ... 18 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent decrease. THE NEGRO FARMER 51 TENURE, BY SECTIONS, DIVISIONS, AND STATES: 1930 AND 1920 denotes decrease] NUMBER OF NEGRO FARM OPERATORS— Continued Increase, 1920-1930 Total Owners Tenants Managers Number Percent Number Per cent Number Per cent Number Per cent -42, 858 -4.6 -37, 596 -17.2 -4, 159 -0.6 -1,103 -54.4 1,724 -44, 659 77 18.4 -4.9 10.5 -1,325 -36,235 -36 -23.0 -17.1 -7.2 3,199 -7,470 112 94.4 -1.1 53.3 -150 -954 1 -62.0 -54.2 4.0 -94 -38.8 -64 -33.3 -19 -57.6 -11 -64.7 2 -8 -6 -40 -10 -32 -354 15.4 -57.1 -21.4 -38.8 -52.6 -49.2 -28.9 1 -7 -4 -30 -5 -19 -129 7.7 -58.3 -19.0 -33.7 -38.5 -43.2 -18.5 1 -1 -2 -6 -100.0 -66.7 -85.7 -4 -5 -11 -170 -57.1 -100.0 -68.8 -38.3 -2 -55 -40.0 -64.0 -97 -159 -96 -609 -39.6 -29.9 -21.7 -16.6 -40 -52 -37 -443 -26.3 -18.3 -14.2 -19.0 -38 -102 -30 -124 -53.5 -44.7 -20.7 -9.7 -19 -5 -31 -42 -86.4 -26.3 -68.9 -63.6 -387 -109 1 -122 8 2,781 -23.9 -19.1 0.1 -22.2 17.0 65.6 -273 -30 -74 -66 -25.9 -9.8 -13.9 -16.4 -89 -67 78 -54 8 3,512 -16.9 -26.7 22.3 -38.8 133.3 214.3 -25 -12 -3 -2 -69.4 -85.7 -33.3 -28.6 -689 -27.3 -42 -57.5 -6 9 3,020 -16 -7 -25 -194 -86,344 -18.2 8.3 106.9 -61.5 -14.9 -39.7 -17.1 -22.6 -5 -7 -480 -6 -7 -15 -169 -22,373 -20.8 -9.5 -29.2 -54.5 -21.2 -48.4 -23.8 -21.9 -1 17 3,528 -8 -11.1 50.0 311.4 -61.5 -1 -28 —2 -100.0 -58.3 -100.0 -6 -18 -63,492 -21.4 -4.4 -22.7 -4 -7 -479 -100.0 -41.2 -50.1 -65 -944 -9 -8,092 -14 -213 -31,674 -43,389 -1,944 13,594 -7.5 -15.2 -45.0 -17.0 -2.8 -0.3 -29.1 -33.3 -15.0 4.4 18 -610 -1 -6,509 -31 -2,736 -6,784 -4,960 -760 -5,013 5.1 -17.2 -11.1 -21.1 -7.7 -12.6 -29.8 -30.9 -12.0 -9.0 -89 -303 -8 -1,462 18 2,595 -24,778 -38,294 -1, 171 18, 873 -17.7 -12.1 -80.0 -8.8 19.4 4.9 -28.8 -33.6 -17.9 7.5 6 -31 46.2 -20.5 -121 -1 -72 -112 -135 -13 -266 -61.4 -12.5 -75.8 -61.2 -65.2 -12.9 -65.5 -3,520 -3, 058 -1,405 21,577 28,091 -27.9 -8.0 -1.5 13.4 12.4 -1,143 -2,011 -1,281 -578 -8,849 -21.5 -20.4 -7.4 -2.5 -16.1 -2,357 -1,028 -20 22,278 37, 149 -32.4 —3. 6 (') 16.2 21.7 -20 -19 -104 -123 -209 -57.1 -35.8 -82.5 -64.1 -52.6 7,281 11,698 1,769 7,343 -45 10.1 18.9 13.2 9.3 -12.9 -3, 917 -487 -1,504 -2,941 -56 -25.5 -4.4 -30.3 -12.5 -23.4 11,270 12,223 3,326 10,330 15 19.8 24.0 39.7 18.8 15.0 -72 -38 -53 -46 -4 -75.8 -41.3 -68.8 -34.6 -40.0 -10 -7 -5 -70 50 55 -56 -2 122 -32.3 -30.4 -29.4 -47.3 156.3 171.9 -91.8 -40.0 31.8 -11 -9 -9 -61 29 21 -15 -1 20 -42.3 -56.3 -52.9 -53.0 120.8 110.5 -78.9 -33.3 7.7 2 50.0 -1 2 -100.0 4 -5 21 34 -40 -1 97 -17.9 262.5 340.0 -97.6 -50.0 88.2 ^ -80.0 -1 -100.0 5 33.3 -6 -6 134 -7.6 -40.0 46.2 -4 -3 27 -6.2 -27.3 14.8 -4 -1 102 -28.6 -50.0 108.5 2 -2 5 -100.0 38.5 52 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE TABLE 36. — ALL LAND IN FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES, BY [A minus sign (— ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 SECTION, DIVISION, AND STATE LAND IN FAKMS (ACRES) Total Owners Tenants Managers 1930 1980 1930 1920 1930 1920 1930 1920 United States 7, 597, 132 1,432,182 1, 198, 893 3, 948, 512 6, 149, 167 7, 077, 582 49, 072 106.088 The North... The South.... The West New England. - 720, 872 6, 758, 484 117, 776 767, 953 0, 544, 241 119,988 332, 520 0, 785, 312 81,061 435, 075 3, 434, 106 79, 331 373, 214 25, 743, 234 32, 719 294,543 6, 754, 386 28,653 15,138 229,938 3,996 38. 335 55, 749 12,004 9,397 19, 252 7,297 10, 121 1,025 5,221 1,075 3,910 818 814 3,812 2,063 571 1,319 55,808 953 1,476 4,450 4,815 944 6,614 72, 897 738 574 3,211 1,791 121 862 26,758 953 1,121 3,075 3,003 630 1,339 28,516 80 240 251 122 New Hampshire- 30 961 601 224 3,405 34,933 325 414 1,211 90 1,870 9,448 350 150 450 125 4,176 Massachusetts — Rhode Island Connecticut 332 24,874 Middle Atlantic New York 14, 894 19,298 21, 616 214, 596 19,995 25,968 26,934 239,783 9,625 7,276 9,857 114, 748 9,366 8,963 10, 187 138,109 4,473 10, 396 10,005 96,208 7,174 15, 175 12,584 93,247 796 1,626 1,764 3,640 3,455 1,830 4,163 8,427 New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central -. Ohio 92,083 28,454 57,805 30, 959 5,295 441, 071 100, 412 36,668 57,696 40, 939 4,068 436, 021 45,446 14,325 27,635 23,952 3,390 183, 717 55,526 17,284 33,451 28,372 3,476 258,329 44,627 13,734 29,414 6,528 1,905 251, 107 40,353 16, 965 23,168 12, 169 592 161, 142 2,010 395 756 479 4,533 2,419 1,077 398 Illinois Michigan .. West North Central. . 6,247 16,550 2,692 10,002 255,623 2,565 14,228 9,216 146, 745 14, 550, 451 2,357 8,847 190,368 11,076 19, 599 27,117 176, 657 18, 151, 071 1,469 3,775 75,686 1,405 10, 744 4,454 1,657 5,140 111,946 4,711 14,205 13, 556 107, 114 5, 483, 254 1,223 6,227 176,385 1,160 2,974 4,762 58,376 10, 226, 681 700 3,457 67, 365 5,565 5,314 11,648 67,093 Iowa 250 11,057 800 80 1,913 2,450 145, 948 Missouri - - 3,552 North Dakota South Dakota 510 86,184 4, 214, 663 2,185 109, 107 South Atlantic 12, 521, 869 Delaware 54,756 345,224 95 2, 039, 656 28,013 3, 296, 445 3, 167, 898 5, 104, 452 513, 912 54,888 351, 527 288 2, 257, 953 27,544 3, 370, 191 4, 379, 869 7, 070, 943 637,868 12, 104, 977 13, 781 107, 590 28 1, 179, 824 18, 470 943,506 786, 893 883,284 281,287 3, 516, 640 12, 512 119,225 25 1, 371, 333 19, 052 1, 126, 751 1, 146, 396 1, 331, 278 356, 682 3, 930, 410 37,631 215, 75( 836, 999 8,574 2, 346, 755 2, 359, 643 4, 197, 605 223, 711 41,082 210,220 168 855, 326 6,972 2, 230, 592 3, 196, 378 5, 710, 627 270,504 8, 088, 733 3,344 1,294 22,082 95 31,294 1,520 12,848 37,095 29,038 10,682 85,834 Maryland 21, 878 60 22,833 969 6,184 21, 362 23,563 8,914 49,992 Dist. of Columbia Virginia West Virginia-.. North Carolina... South Carolina... Georgia Florida East South Central- Kentucky ... 11,918,057 8, 351, 425 341, 833 1, 356, 683 4,157,05 426, 774 1, 523, 788 4, 348, 018 183, 148 419, 069 1, 189, 355 239, 997 535,265 1, 332, 621 1, 822, 527 4,020,442 156, 178 931, 482 2, 953, 534 4, 310, 231 182,068 979, 252 2,507 6,132 14, 162 27,19 70,839 4,709 9,271 32,069 39, 785 123. 967 Tennessee Alabama 2, 983, 328 3, 944, 085 6, 143, 784 Mississippi 6, 062, 490 10, 289, 97 5, 806, 397 10, 288, 193 1, 725, 068 3, 054, 009 West South Central - Arkansas 7, 165, 128 2, 485, 62 2, 313, 33 1,061,34 4, 429, 67 77,228 2, 623, 888 2, 180, 883 1, 045, 043 4, 438, 379 77, 249 704, 790 601,423 283,80 1,463,99 59,68 1, 042, 047 746, 701 438, 567 1, 793, 127 54,574 1, 774, 095 1, 691, 610 770, 501 2, 928, 922 15, 989 1, 568, 630 1,419,717 593, 468 2, 561, 969 12, 445 6,74 20,305 7,035 36,758 1,550 13,211 14, 465 13,008 83,283 10,230 Louisiana . Oklahoma .. Texas Mountain Montana 9,804 2,81 10,92c 25,13 19,88, 7,76f 3 8« 40,54 10, 274 2,728 6,70 36,51 6,07 3,24 11,45 25 42,739 7,52 32 9,85 18,684 18,13 4,43 3 70C 21,37 8,759 1,523 6,702 28,26 5,103 2,178 1,804 23 24,75 2,280 1,610 1,070 6,133 1,748 2,98" 1,195 1,205 320 Idaho 880 Wyoming Colorado . . . 5.98S 97 74C 2,33 1 16,20 320 2,260 New Mexico Arizona 350 330 7,320 Utah 160 16, 730 Pacific 2,44 1,774 Washington Oregon 9,42 82( 30,29 6,81 2,12 33,799 4, 704 80 15,86( 5,80 1,40 17,55 4,61 1 12,10 1,01 21 14,98 11 "2," 33 510 1,264 California 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent decrease. THE KEGBO FAEMEE 53 TENURE, BY SECTIONS, DIVISIONS, AND STATES: 1930 AND 1920 denotes decrease] LAND IN FARMS (ACRES) 1 2 3 4 5 G 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2li 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 3(» 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 45 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 50 57 58 59 60 61 62 Increase, 1920-1930 Total Owners Tenants Managers Acres Per cent Acres Per cent Acres Per cent Acres Per cent -3, 835, 050 -9.3 -2, 749, 619 -19.7 -928,415 -3.4 -157,016 -38.7 -47, 081 -3, 785, 757 -2, 212 -6.1 -9.3 -1.8 -102,555 -2, 648, 794 1,730 -23.6 -19.7 2.2 78, 671 -1,011,152 4,066 26.7 -3.8 14.2 -23, 197 -125,811 -8,008 -60.5 -35.4 -66.7 -9, 855 -51.2 —2, 824 —27.9 -4,196 -80.4 -2,835 -72.5 -135 -662 -638 -2, 752 -373 -5,295 -17,089 -14.2 -44.9 -14.3 -57.2 -39.5 -80.1 -23.4 -215 -547 136 -1, 212 -509 -477 -1,758 -22.6 -48.8 4.4 -40.4 -80.8 -35.6 -6.2 80 210 -710 -479 -224 -3,073 -10,059 700.0 -73.9 -79.7 -100.0 -90.2 -28.8 -325 -64 -1,061 360 -1, 745 -5,272 -100.0 -15.5 -87.6 400.0 -93.3 -55.8 -5, 101 -6, 670 -5, 318 -25, 187 -25.5 -25.7 -19.7 -10.5 259 -1,687 -330 -23,361 2.8 -18.8 -3.2 -16.9 -2, 701 -4,779 -2,579 2.961 -37.6 -3L5 -20.5 3.2 -2, 659 - 204 -2,409 -4, 787 -77.0 -11.1 -57.9 -56.8 -8,329 -8, 214 109 -9, 980 1,227 5,050 -8.3 -22.4 0.2 -24.4 30.2 1.2 -10,080 -2, 959 -5, 816 -4,420 -86 -74,612 -18.2 -17.1 -17.4 —15.6 -2.5 -28.9 4,274 -3,231 6,246 -5,641 1,313 89,965 10.6 -19.0 27.0 -46.4 221.8 55.8 -2,523 -2, 024 -321 81 -55.7 -83.7 -29.8 20.4 -10,303 -62.3 335 1,155 65,255 -8, 511 -5, 371 -17,901 -29,912 -3, 600, 620 14.2 13.1 34.3 -76.8 -27.4 -66.0 -16.9 -19.8 -188 -1,365 -36,260 -3,306 -3,461 -9, 102 -20,930 -1,268,591 -11.3 -26.6 -32.4 -70.2 —24.4 -67.1 -19.5 -23.1 523 2,770 109,020 -4,405 -2,340 -6,886 -8, 717 -2, 295, 188 74.7 80.1 161.8 -79.2 -44.0 -59.1 -13.0 -18.3 -250 -7,505 -800 430 -1,913 -265 -36, 841 -100.0 -67.9 -100.0 537.5 -100.0 -10.8 -25.2 -132 -6,303 -193 -218, 297 469 -73,746 -1,211,971 -1,966,491 -123,956 -186,920 -0.2 -1.8 -67.0 -9.7 L7 -2.2 -27.7 -27.8 -19.4 -1.5 1,269 -11,635 3 -191,509 -582 -183, 245 -359, 503 -447.994 -75, 395 -413, 770 10.1 -9.8 12.0 -14.0 -3.1 -16.3 -31.4 33.7 -2L1 -10.5 -3,451 5,536 -161 -18,327 1,602 116, 163 -836,735 -1,513,022 -46, 793 262, 692 -8.4 2.6 -95.8 -2.1 23.0 5.2 -26.2 -26.5 -17.3 3.2 2,050 -204 -35 -8,461 -551 -6,664 -15,733 -5, 475 -1,768 -35, 842 158.4 -0.9 -36.8 -27.0 -36.3 -51.9 -42.4 -18.9 -16.6 -41.8 -84,941 -167, 105 -190,967 256,093 1,783 -19.9 -11.0 -4.4 4.4 (') -56, 849 -116, 1% -143,266 -97, 459 -966, 433 -23.7 -2L7 -10.8 -5.3 -24.0 -25. 890 -47, 770 -29, 794 366, 146 1,021,344 -14.2 -4.9 -1.0 9.3 16.6 -2,202 -3, 139 -17,907 -12,594 -53, 128 -46.8 -33.9 -55.8 -31.7 -42.9 -138,262 132, 455 16,298 -8,708 -21 -5.3 6.1 1.6 -0.2 (2) -337, 257 -145,278 -154,762 -329, 136 5,115 -32.4 -19.5 -35.3 -18.4 9.4 205,465 271, 893 177, 033 366, 953 3,544 13.1 19.2 29.8 14.3 28.5 -6, 470 5,840 -5, 973 -46,525 -8,680 -49.0 40.4 -45.9 -55.9 -84.8 -470 88 4,223 -11,379 13,809 4,518 -11,419 609 -2, 191 -4.6 3.2 63.0 -31.2 227.3 139.1 -99.7 242.6 -5. 1 -1,235 -1, 197 3,153 -9,583 13,032 2,254 -1,771 462 -3,385 -14. 1 -78.6 47.0 -33.9 255.4 103.5 -98.2 194. 1 -13.7 1,085 405 1,070 144 777 2,244 -2,328 147 522 90.8 33.6 -320 880 -100.0 2.4 80.0 303.2 -99.8 1, 130. 8 3.2 -1,940 -85.8 20 -7,320 6.1 -100.0 672 37 9 2,610 -1,299 -3,502 38.3 -6L1 -10.4 -1,099! -593 -1,693 -18.9 -42.3 -9.6 3,598 -196 -2,880 355.5 -9L6 -19.2 Ul -510 1,071 -100.0 84.7 54 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE TABLE 37. — VALUE OP LAND AND BUILDINGS OF FARMS OPERATED BY [A minus sign (— ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 SECTION, DIVISION, AND STATE VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS Total Owners Tenants 193O 1920 1930 1920 193O 1920 United States- The North -. The South... The West— New England... Maine SI, 402, 945, 799 S2, 257, 645, 325 $334, 451, 396 $554, 158, 003 $1, 053, 649, 636 $1, 676, 315, 864 41, 668, 222 1, 355, 181, 667 6, 095. 910 59, 832, 464 2, 191, 005, 642 6, 807, 219 17,684,979 314, 100, 432 2, 665, 985 28, 481, 761 522, 178, 137 3, 498, 105 22, 327, 483 1, 028, 371, 428 2, 950, 725 26, 258, 443 1, 647, 447, 607 2, 609, 814 909.395 1, 076, 815 651,325 617, 165 67, 070 234, 750 41,400 18,000 118, 700 376, 595 40,000 314, 700 5, 140, 255 54,400 29,400 116, 725 345,800 31,500 498,990 6, 937, 600 28,400 16,000 85,700 342, 525 32,000 146. 7(« 2, 422, 675 54,400 18,200 87,125 243,350 16,900 197, 190 2,294,225 13,000 2,000 8,000 11, 070 N. Hampshire- Vermont - - 1,200 20,700 20,450 7,600 184,800 2, 854, 710 Massachusetts- Rhode Island- Connecticut. -. Mid. Atlantic — New York New Jersey — Pennsylvania. . E. N. Central- .. Ohio 33,000 2, 165, 880 875, 575 2, 070, 400 2, 194, 280 13, 304, 751 1,558,950 2, 117, 590 3, 261, 060 22, 308, 742 548,095 998,500 876,080 6, 796, 536 619,600 755, 715 918, 910 10, 433, 924 230,980 755,400 1, 179, 500 6, 092, 645 483,710 1, 107, 375 1, 263, 625 10, 528, 018 5, 434, 735 1, 947, 915 3, 704, 618 1, 874, 378 343, 105 22, 313, 821 9, 126, 482 4, 254, 030 6, 082, 675 2, 566, 855 278,700 29, 509, 307 2, 641, 920 949, 485 1, 562, 898 1, 401, 728 240,505 7, 814, 443 4, 173, 124 1,831,910 2, 541, 000 1, 643, 890 244,000 15, 136, 447 2, 649, 595 975, 555 1,972,745 392, 150 102,600 14, 001, 888 4, 215, 998 2, 157, 980 3, 297, 075 822,265 34,700 12, 640, 965 Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin W. N. Central- Minnesota Iowa 187, 325 878, 234 14, 498, 297 62,700 285,425 308,080 6, 093, 760 484, 443, 943 134, 670 1, 330, 600 16, 524, 007 285,740 623, 515 1, 095, 040 9, 515, 735 981, 677, 765 141, 675 350, 814 3,429,544 40,700 163, 295 149, 530 3, 538, 885 135, 724, 157 75,320 683,250 8, 449, 937 85,140 357, 315 445,540 5, 039, 945 237, 088, 264 45,650 527,420 10, 706, 493 22,000 101, 730 158,550 2, 440, 045 341, 922, 425 59,350 596,350 6, 797, 975 177,600 242,200 549,500 4, 217, 990 733, 440, 819 Missouri North Dakota- South Dakota- Nebraska Kansas S. Atlantic Delaware 2, 628, 590 18, 896, 282 82,000 71, 722, 401 1, 480, 628 153, 882, 635 105, 693, 220 114, 688, 230 15, 369, 957 426, 528, 844 2, 885, 445 21, 651, 121 233,300 100, 839, 641 1, 727, 890 223, 666, 166 290,406,115 322, 706, 709 17, 561, 378 645, 828, 371 804,240 6, 695, 319 43, ITO 41, 743, 427 832,553 36, 881, 352 22, 788, 137 17, 528, 122 8, 407, 507 82, 453, 066 681,300 7, 959, 597 40,300 57, 004, 473 956, 562 56,113,060 59, 839, 583 45, 465, 436 9, 027, 953 127, 401, 052 1, 509, 675 10, 442, 663 8,500 28, 629, 746 415, 575 116, 568, 229 82, 319, 129 96, 253, 338 5, 775, 570 340, 962, 633 2, 060, 495 11, 354, 874 87,300 41, 502, 119 547,628 166, 525, 511 228, 355, 704 275, 484, 273 7, 522, 915 513, 777, 358 Maryland Dist. Columbia Virginia _ - West Virginia. N. Carolina — S. Carolina Georgia Florida E. S. Central Kentucky Tennessee Alabama 16, 157, 593 56, 339, 610 104, 726, 209 249, 305, 432 444,208,880 36, 067, 878 90, 427, 645 116,894,012 402, 438, 836 563, 499, 506 7, 348, 683 14, 169; 523 24, 945, 906 35, 988, 954 95, 923, 209 16, 389, 797 25, 276, 745 29, 021, 680 56, 712, 830 157, 688, 821 8, 430, 710 41, 395, 987 79, 029, 593 212, 106, 343 345, 486, 370 18, 993, 535 64, 349, 200 86, 821, 727 343, 612, 896 400, 229, 430 Mississippi W. S. Central. .. Arkansas 118, 180, 961 108, 668, 818 37,967,113 179, 391, 988 2, 037, 510 182, 378, 759 107, 615, 718 48, 640, 707 224, 864, 322 2, 523, 814 21, 790, 174 19, 567, 276 9, 954, 907 44, 610, 852 943, 685 45, 536, 138 25, 438, 223 19, 227, 142 67, 487, 318 1, 273, 200 96, 062, 087 88,375,116 27, 725, 473 133, 323, 694 1, 012, 825 135, 655, 066 81, 324, 185 28, 681, 300 154, 568, 879 916, 214 Louisiana. . - Oklahoma Texas Mountain Montana 115,084 107,200 139, 020 445,540 400, 956 761, 510 24,200 44,000 4, 058, 400 240,310 134,900 131,410 944, 405 124, 894 277, 700 651, 045 19, 150 4, 283, 405 84,084 41,700 119,660 263, 910 182, 881 195, 250 20,200 36,000 1, 722, 300 197, 350 83,200 131, 410 544,115 88,380 117,500 94, 245 17,000 2, 224, 905 31,000 47,500 19,360 178, 430 218, 075 506, 460 4,000 8,000 1, 937, 900 39,760 51,700 Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico. .. Arizona 223,090 36, 514 86,200 476,800 2,150 1, 693, 600 Utah . Nevada Pacific Washington- -. Oregon 356, 705 32,420 3, 669, 275 538,480 119, 400 3, 625, 525 268, 155 26,420 1, 427, 725 378, 960 57,400 1, 788, 545 77, 950 6,000 1, 853, 950 159, 520 18,000 1, 516, 080 California THE NEGRO FARMER 55 NEGROES, BY TENURE, BY SECTIONS, DIVISIONS, AND STATES: 1930 AND 1920 denotes decrease] VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS — continued 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 l(i 17 18 1!) 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 2!) 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 3S 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 4(5 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 Managers Increase, 1920-1930 193O 1930 Total Owners Tenants Managers Value Per cent Value Per cent Value Per cent Value Per cent $14,844,767 $27,171,458 -$854,699,526 -37.9 -$219,706,607 -39.6 -$622,666,228 -37.1 -$12,326,691 -45.4 1, 655, 760 12, 709, 807 479,200 5, 092, 260 21, 379, 898 f>99, 300 -18,164,242 -835,823,975 -711,309 -30.4 -38.1 -10.4 -10,796,782 -208, 077, 705 -832, 120 -37.9 -39.8 -23.8 -3, 930, 960 -619,076,179 340,911 -15.0 -37.6 13.1 -3, 346, 500 -8, 670, 091 -220, 100 -67.5 -40.6 -31.5 191,000 224,900 -167,420 -15.5 34,160 5.5 -167,680 -71.4 -33,900 -15.1 -13,000 -11,400 1,975 30,795 8,500 -184,290 -1,797,345 -23.9 -38.8 1.7 8.9 27.0 -36.9 -25.9 -26,000 -2,200 -1,425 99,175 15,100 -50,490 128,450 -47.8 -12.1 -1.6 40.8 89.3 -25.6 5.6 13,000 800 -12,700 -9,380 -7,600 -151,800 -688,830 10,000 8,900 82,000 7,000 117,000 1, 788, 665 66.7 -61.4 -45.9 -100.0 -82.1 -24.1 -10,000 16,100 -59,000 1,000 18,000 -1,236,965 -100.0 180.9 -72.0 14.3 15.4 -69.2 25,000 23,000 8,000 135,000 551, 700 96,500 316,500 138,700 415, 570 455,640 254,500 1, 078, 525 1, 346, 800 -683, 375 -47, 190 -1,066,780 -9, 003, 991 -43.8 -2.2 -32.7 -40.4 -71, 505 242,785 -42,830 -3, 637, 388 -11.5 32.1 -4.7 -34.9 -252, 730 -351, 975 -84,125 -4, 435, 373 -52.2 -31.8 -6.7 -42.1 -359, 140 62,000 -939, 825 -931, 230 -78.8 24.4 -87.1 -69.1 143,220 22,875 168, 975 80,500 737, 360 264,140 244,600 100,700 -3, 691, 747 -2,306,115 -2,378,057 -692,477 64,405 -7, 195, 486 -40.5 -54.2 -39.1 -27.0 23.1 -24.4 -1,531,204 -882,425 -978, 102 -242,162 -3, 495 -7, 322, 004 -36.7 -48.2 -38.5 -14.7 -1.4 -48.4 -1,566,403 —1, 182, 425 -1,324,330 -430, 115 67,900 1, 360, 923 -37.2 -54.8 -40.2 -52.3 195.7 10.8 -594, 140 -241,265 -75, 625 -20,200 -80.6 -91.3 -30.9 -20.1 497, 490 1, 731, 895 -1,234,405 -71.3 52,655 -452, 366 -2,025,710 -223,040 -338,090 -786,960 -3, 421, 975 -497, 233, 822 39. 1 -34.0 -12.3 -78.1 -54.2 -71.9 -36.0 -50.7 66,355 -332, 436 -5, 020, 393 -44,440 -194,020 -296, 010 -1,501,060 -101,364,107 88.1 -48.7 -59.4 -52.2 -54.3 -66.4 -29.8 -42.8 -13,700 -68,930 3, 908, 518 -155,600 -140,470 -390,950 -1,777,945 -391, 518, 394 -23.1 -11.6 57.5 -87.6 -58.0 -71. 1 -42.2 -53.4 51,000 1, 276, 095 23,000 24,000 100,000 257,800 11, 148, 682 -51,000 -913, 835 -23,000 -3,600 -100,000 -142,970 -4, 351, 321 -100.0 -71.6 -100.0 -15.0 -100.0 -55.5 -39.0 362,260 20,400 114,830 6, 797, 361 314, 675 1, 758, 300 30,000 1, 349, 228 232,500 433, 054 585,954 906.770 1, 186, 880 3,113,145 143,650 2, 336, 650 105, 700 2, 333, 049 223,700 1, 027, 595 2, 210, 828 1, 757, 000 1,010,510 4, 649, 961 -256, 855 -2, 754, 839 -151,300 -29, 117, 240 -247, 262 -69, 783, 531 -184,712,895 -208, 018, 479 -2,191,421 -219, 299. 527 -8.9 -12.7 -64.9 -28.9 -14.3 -31.2 -63.6 -64.5 -12.5 -34.0 122, 940 -1,264,278 3,200 -15,261,046 -124,009 -19,231,708 -37,051,446 -27, 937, 314 -620, 446 -44, 947, 986 18.0 -15.9 7.9 -26.8 -13.0 -34.3 -61.9 -61.4 -6.9 -35.3 -550,820 -912,211 -78,800 -12,872,373 -132,053 -49,957,282 -146,036,575 -179,230,935 -1,747,345 -172,814,725 -26.7 -8.0 -90.3 -31.0 -24.1 -30.0 -64.0 -65.1 -23.2 -33.6 171, 025 -578, 350 -75,700 -983, 821 8,800 -594,541 -1,624,874 -850,230 176, 370 -1,536,816 119.1 -24.8 -71.6 -42.2 3.9 -57.9 -73.5 -48.4 17.5 -33.1 378,200 774, 100 750, 710 1, 210, 135 2, 799, 301 684,546 801,700 1,050,605 2, 113, 110 5, 581, 255 -19,910,285 -34, 088, 035 -12, 167,803 -153,133,404 -119,290,626 -55.2 -37.7 -10.4 -38.1 -21.2 -9,041,114 -11,107,222 -4, 075, 774 -20, 723, 876 -61, 765, 612 -55.2 -43.9 -14.0 -36.5 -39.2 -10,562,825 -22,953,213 -7, 792, 134 -131, 506, 553 -54,743,060 -55.6 -35.7 -9.0 -38.3 -13. -306,346 -27,600 -299,895 -902, 975 -2,781,954 -44.8 -3.4 -28.5 -42.7 -49.8 328,700 726, 426 286, 733 1, 457, 442 81,000 1, 187, 555 853, 310 732, 265 2, 808, 125 334,400 -64, 197, 798 1, 053, 100 -10,673,594 -45, 472, 334 -486,304 -35.2 1.0 -21.9 -20.2 -19.3 -23,745,964 -5, 870, 947 -9, 272, 235 -22,876,466 -329, 515 -52.1 -23.1 -48.2 -33.9 -25.9 -39, 592, 979 7, 050, 931 -955, 827 -21, 245, 185 96,611 -29. 8. -3. -13. 10. -858, 855 -126,884 -445, 532 -1,350,683 -253,400 -72.3 -14.9 -60.8 -48.1 -75.8 3,200 -125,226 -27, 700 7,610 -498, 865 276, 062 483, 810 -626, 845 24,850 -225,005 -52.1 -20.5 5.8 -52.8 221.0 174.2 -96.3 129.8 c •: -113,266 -41,500 -11,750 -280,205 94,501 77,750 -74,045 19,000 -502,605 -57.4 -49.9 -8.9 -51.5 106.9 66.2 -78.6 111.8 -22.6 -8,760 -4,200 19,360 -44, 660 181, 561 420,260 -472, 800 5,850 244,300 -22.0 -8.1 -3,200 18,000 -100.0 18,000 3,200 177,200 -20.0 497.2 487.5 -99.2 272.1 14.4 -174,000 -98.2 59,800 74,000 80,000 -14,200 -80,000 -19.2 -100.0 398,200 364,900 33,300 9.1 10,600 -181,775 -86,980 43,750 -33.8 -72.8 1.2 -110,805 -30,980 -360, 820 -29.2 -54.0 -20.1 -81, 570 -12,000 337, 870 -51.1 -66.7 22.3 10,600 -44,000 66,700 44,000 320,900 -100.0 20.8 387,600 56 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE TABLE 38. — FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES — NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF SPECIFIED CLASSES OF FARM PROPERTY, BY STATES AND COUNTIES, 1930 [Counties for which less than five Negro farm operators were reported are included with " Other counties"] STATE AND COUNTY Number of farms Land in farms (acres) VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS Value of imple- ments and machinery Total Land alone Buildings Total ALABAMA 93, 795 4,157,051 $104, 726, 209 $77, 521, 909 $27, 204, 300 $5, 091, 581 1,924 320 2,262 668 86 2,473 1,695 461 2,431 274 575 1,611 1,772 359 67 732 931 1,476 677 520 1,030 76 515 6,405 58 1,837 404 152 327 113 302 3,168 3,873 1,331 971 281 327 410 959 1,393 1,992 1,929 3,527 3,114 2,772 5,314 70 102 149 2,091 3,178 659 3,435 2,119 1,506 791 2,243 348 392 3.812 77, 169 9,661 155, 085 24,606 4,115 131, 304 82, 713 21,864 145,408 15, 179 28,250 79, 538 82, 377 19, 391 3,175 43,997 37, 433 66, 149 59,560 25,032 4^575 31,546 210,683 2,748 76,502 15, 919 6,602 22,205 5,495 16,889 121, 010 128,902 84,132 49,275 12,265 8,823 32, 371 39,046 52,458 138, 258 65, 315 124, 653 145, 173 106, 212 158,890 5,439 3,764 5,224 93,129 120, 675 23,452 128, 949 103, 188 90,462 45,800 135, 972 23,201 16,802 150.050 1, 763, 200 280,150 2, 398, 743 703, 095 105, 860 1,980,007 1, 822, 222 633, 055 2, 810, 492 511, 077 629, 481 1, 382, 777 1, 452, 771 383, 554 67, 192 1, 256, 612 2, 752, 667 1, 659, 735 666, 912 797, 315 1, 526, 495 137, 575 919, 210 5, 048, 579 102, 430 2, 635, 426 680,920 248, 432 337, 670 190, 320 687, 926 2, 557, 493 4, 363, 062 2, 394, 010 2, 177, 345 530, 730 1,082,505 427, 502 2, 034, 431 2, 463, 289 2, 377, 692 2, 979, 006 2, 923, 121 3, 417, 057 4, 345, 764 3,918,964 65, 735 151, 670 268,247 1, 951, 440 4, 056, 209 1, 225, 220 2, 976, 587 2, 096, 577 2, 164, 001 819, 633 2, 037, 429 542,080 456,065 3. 180. 102 1, 282, 270 192, 630 1,604,377 525, 140 70, 725 1, 285, 947 1, 286, 131 459, 969 1,960,380 421, 679 458, 536 883, 986 1, 007, 386 238,084 49,682 978, 217 2,447,924 1, 046, 575 417, 085 537,750 1, 134, 275 104, 130 756,360 3, 470, 624 78,430 1, 950, 520 472, 515 190, 857 249,615 138, 995 571, 591 1, 912, 930 3, 415, 927 1, 903, 030 1, 767, 810 424, 745 911,090 304,247 1, 650, 804 2, 056, 784 1, 636, 312 2, 459, 830 2, 034, 590 2, 385, 340 3, 552, 389 2, 791, 210 42, 745 131, 262 197, 650 1, 285, 809 3, 096, 339 1, 005, 380 2, 349, 690 1, 403, 036 1, 668, 776 554,803 1, 452, 191 418, 525 282, 495 2.307.911 480, 930 87,520 794, 366 177, 955 35, 135 694,060 536,091 173, 086 850, 112 89, 398 170, 945 498, 791 445, 385 145, 470 17, 510 278, 395 304, 743 613, 160 249, 827 259, 565 392, 220 33,445 162, 850 1, 577, 955 24,000 684,906 208,405 57, 575 88, 055 51, 325 116, 335 644, 563 947, 135 490, 980 409, 535 105, 985 171,415 123, 255 383,627 406,505 741, 380 519, 176 888,531 1,031,717 793, 375 1,127,754 22,990 20,408 70, 597 665, 631 959, 870 219, 840 626, 897 693, 541 495, 225 264,830 585,238 123, 555 173, 570 872. 191 84,461 15,483 110, 646 31,720 6,349 134, 411 74,207 28,512 103,711 31,766 27,215 55, 903 57, 909 15,720 4,133 37, 067 85, 114 71, 196 32,344 40,210 48,040 5,550 23,921 335, 482 4,811 75,609 25, 260 13, 435 20, 493 13, 745 17, 321 126, 117 249, 260 83,329 77, 246 21, 514 16, 699 31,017 113, 898 98, 778 106, 634 153, 918 188, 567 203, 260 193, 445 272, 583 4,422 6,108 11,546 118,304 157, 403 69,399 152, 797 105, 753 63,859 37, 498 123,278 27,136 25,532 203.069 Baldwin Bibb Blount Bullock Butler - Calhoun Chambers - Cherokee Chilton Choctaw Clarke Clay Coffee Colbert Conecuh - Coosa CovingtOD _- - Crenshaw ._ - - Dale - Dallas ... De Kalb Elmore - Escambia Etowah - - - Fayette. Franklin Geneva Greene Hale Henry - Houston . Jackson Jefferson Lam ar Lauderdale Lawrence - - Lee Limestone . Lowndes Macon . Madison Marengo . . Marion - Marshall . . Mobile Monroe . Montgomery Morgan . Perry Pickens Pike Randolph Russell . St. Glair Shelby- Sumter THE NEGRO FARMER 57 TABLE 38. — FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES — NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF SPECIFIED CLASSES OF FARM PROPERTY, BY STATES AND COUNTIES, 1930 — Continued STATE AND COUNTY Number of farms Land in farms (acres) VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS Value of imple- ments and machinery Total Land alone Buildings Talladega ALABAMA — continued 1,912 1,161 1,545 92 676 3,620 102, 239 74, 812 69,635 2,557 32, 126 102, 713 $2, 346, 943 1, 432, 890 1,904,740 63,020 523, 834 1, 899, 916 $1, 700, 858 987, 647 1, 525, 087 42, 305 350,993 1, 238, 984 $646, 085 445, 243 379, 653 20,715 172, 841 660,932 $125, 346 62, 264 57, 748 2,956 30,398 138, 756 Tallapoosa - Tuscaloosa Walker Washington Wilcox Total ARIZONA 87 7,786 $761, 510 $698, 930 $62, 580 $32, 175 Graham . ...... 5 51 16 15 600 2,709 1,580 2,877 13,000 552, 010 159, 900 36,600 11, 565 515, 475 146,000 25,890 1,435 36, 535 13,900 10, 710 715 19, 025 8,250 4,185 Maricopa Yuma Other counties Total ARKANSAS 79, 556 2, 485, 626 $118, 180, 961 $94, 312, 157 $23, 868, 804 $4, 769, 956 Arkansas 605 2,189 606 444 3,036 835 656 2,374 964 68 54 7,003 2,416 452 2,843 1,876 483 33 21 115 2,212 62 745 52 33 694 6,739 19 1,554 19 4,134 3,598 1,298 65 2,382 1,407 5,089 2,272 26 1,117 29,289 60,827 28,302 27, 030 71, 870 39, 865 31,065 118, 641 52, 035 2,242 2,966 162, 667 62, 344 24,280 67,542 67, 674 25, 633 1,827 1,067 7,971 93, 393 2,081 22, 879 2,173 1,951 27, 275 160, 186 526 52, 062 823 121,122 84, 332 43, 067 2,626 59, 678 41,181 111,614 72, 779 1,780 63.467 611,710 3, 106, 415 610, 324 505, 370 4, 449, 538 992, 096 524,600 3, 160, 206 1, 401, 760 162, 885 89, 250 12, 038, 354 4, 446, 282 452, 725 3, 491, 636 2, 282, 423 736, 300 62,850 31,850 115, 250 2, 466, 348 100,100 929,000 84, 757 30,550 1, 621, 960 9, 606, 268 12, 978 2, 176, 897 31,450 5, 773, 548 4, 372, 286 1, 581, 660 171, 700 3, 569, 851 2,338,470 10, 445, 541 3, 611, 123 27, 950 1, 180. 920 458, 879 2, 500, 212 421,688 401, 532 3, 365, 065 811,319 350,950 2, 420, 997 1,081,616 140, 202 68,145 9, 789, 480 3, 683, 670 323,860 2, 669, 410 1, 669, 668 578, 365 47,250 24,505 91, 196 1, 981, 608 60,050 739, 120 66, 737 19,500 1,311,100 7, 843, 807 9,778 1, 785, 892 25, 730 4, 277, 534 3, 525, 336 1, 336, 843 150, 175 2, 987, 894 1, 913, 980 8, 889, 504 2, 830, 635 18,750 913. 225 152, 831 606,203 188,636 103, 838 1, 084, 473 180, 777 173, 650 739,209 320, 144 22,683 21, 105 2, 248, 874 762, 612 128, 865 822, 226 612, 755 157, 935 15,600 7,345 24,054 484, 740 40,050 189,880 18,020 11,050 310, 860 1, 762, 461 3,200 391, 005 5,720 1,496,014 846, 950 244, 817 21, 525 581, 957 424,490 1, 556, 037 780,488 9,200 267. 695 44,250 161, 457 31,539 22,906 227,909 41, 561 31,126 132,908 50,143 5,650 3,025 332, 587 182, 639 22,244 255, 786 112, 158 30,154 1,060 617 4,291 89, 082 5,355 33, 511 3,560 4,045 85, 034 352, 167 180 81, 927 953 285, 517 220, 975 57,163 2,892 118, 507 104, 441 194, 913 170, 476 875 55. 242 Ashley . . Bradley Calhoun. _ Chicot Clark Cleveland Columbia... Conway _ . Craighead . Crawford . Crittenden Cross Dallas ... Desna Drew _ . . Faulkner Franklin . Garland Grant . Hempstead . Hot Spring Howard Independence. .. . Izard • !'.<> Jackson Jefferson.... Johnson... Lafayette . Lawrence Lee Lincoln Little River.. Logan Lonoke.. Miller . Mississippi . Monroe Montgomery Nevada. .. 58 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE TABLE 38. — FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES — NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF SPECIFIED CLASSES OF FARM PROPERTY, BY STATES AND COUNTIES, 1930 — Continued STATE AND COUNTY Number of farms Land in farms (acres) VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS Value of imple- ments and machinery Total Land alone Buildings Ouachita ARKANSAS — continued 1,375 85 4,920 115 726 151 511 2,040 35 5,083 32 40 247 6 1,493 19 16 110 1,831 124 7 86,670 3,732 128, 693 4,79.5 17, 705 6,482 18,960 54,109 1,561 142, 473 1,212 1,437 13, 018 457 75, 370 1,415 562 6,590 64,657 4,586 1,010 $1, 891, 087 120,600 6, 237, 448 144, 630 1, 412, 550 253, 005 645, 195 3, 824, 281 80,880 7, 622, 035 46, 140 51, 070 312, 615 4,700 2, 027, 262 16,850 15, 710 193, 850 3, 657, 912 211, 260 6,700 $1, 399, 825 97, 075 5, 035, 244 117, 050 1, 233, 574 199, 015 489. 490 3, 183, 821 69, 955 5, 740, 512 33, 470 41, 870 244, 545 3,800 1, 552, 764 11, 675 12, 950 143, 150 2, 944, 285 167, 170 5,710 $491, 262 23, 525 1,202,204 27, 580 178, 976 53,990 155, 705 640,460 10, 925 1,881,523 12, 670 9,200 68, 070 900 474, 498 5,175 2,760 50,700 713, 627 44,090 990 $94, 966 5,170 267, 828 7,920 54,137 7,847 30,916 146, 377 2,103 250 699 1,693 1,255 11, 139 250 116, 245 970 1,282 9,554 193, 031 5,515 234 Perry.. . Phillips Pike Poinsett Pope Prairie Pulaskl Randolph.. . St. Francis Saline. Sebastian Sevier Sharp Union Van Buren Washington White Woodruff Yell Other counties Total CALIFORNIA 424 30, 297 $3, 689, 275 $3, 218, 125 $451, 150 $146, 326 Fresno - 38 80 39 11 14 17 23 15 42 11 22 6 9 42 8 47 1,234 7,050 2,029 702 407 1,325 1,118 1,433 1,899 170 1,082 2,848 1,435 2,890 1,059 3,616 185, 475 729,760 446,150 91,500 179, 850 150, 400 106, 750 120,100 256,640 51,200 148,000 197, 300 61,850 421, 300 68, 450 454, 550 153, 975 699, 665 417, 150 76,550 166,500 142, 925 85,790 107, 550 233, 495 25,800 119, 625 188,400 44,900 366,200 50,550 339, 050 31,500 30,095 29,000 14,950 13, 350 7,475 20,960 12,550 23,145 25,400 28,375 8,900 16,950 55,100 17,900 115,500 7,510 26, 120 16, 155 3,765 3,625 6,850 6,230 2,075 19,850 4,520 2,505 4,200 2,000 13, 335 9,775 17,811 Imperial Kern . . Kings Los Angeles Madera Merced . Orange . Riverside . . Sacramento San Bernardino . . San Joaquin Shasta Tulare Yolo... Other counties Total COLORADO 78 25, 137 $445, 540 $371, 890 S73. 650 $23, 097 Arapahoe 5 5 9 13 5 14 27 2,646 2,649 2,125 6,566 1,200 3,419 6,532 47, 350 36,880 35,700 99, 380 9,920 76,600 139, 710 42. 850 27,480 26.550 92,080 8,520 65, 050 109,360 4,500 9,400 9,150 7,300 1,400 11, 550 30, 350 2,300 2,500 1,160 3,800 567 2,120 10,650 El Paso. Las Animas . Otero Washington Weld Other counties . Total.. CONNECTICUT 33 1,319 $314, 700 $116, 365 $198, 335 $9, 785 Fairfield 6 9 18 187 251 881 160,000 65,300 89,400 50,000 31,065 35,300 110,000 34, 235 54,100 2,300 4,335 3,100 Hartford Other counties THE NEGRO FARMER 59 TABLE 38. — FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES — NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF SPECIFIED CLASSES OF FARM PROPERTY, BY STATES AND COUNTIES, 1930 — Continued STATE AND COUNTY Number of farms Land in farms (acres) VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS Value of imple- ments and machinery Total Land alone Buildings Total DELAWARE 807 54,756 $2, 828, 590 SI, 553, 810 $1, 074, 780 $224, 010 Kent 328 75 404 23,294 4,970 26, 492 1, 101, 365 404, 925 1, 122, 300 702, 955 203,580 647, 275 398, 410 201, 345 475,025 87,040 17,720 119, 250 New Castle . . . . . Sussex Total DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 11 95 $82,000 $55, 725 $26, 275 $1, 225 Total FLORIDA 11,010 513, 912 $15, 369, 957 $11,515,243 $3, 854, 714 $687, 523 Alachua 986 36 28 161 36 403 50 18 28 427 69 8 128 89 639 7 15 220 6 88 81 21 16 1,566 873 7 109 9 1,259 188 72 580 24 955 23 9 43 63 56 9 177 20 42 190 33 45, 665 1,118 676 3,868 703 2,254 2,351 1,298 1,137 36,226 692 196 2,407 2,576 29,764 705 579 18, 571 99 2,206 1,771 1,412 245 96,875 38,778 307 2,449 123 52, 349 8,626 5,908 35,611 322 35,238 337 907 1,594 3,412 1,365 92 1,625 361 647 5,903 792 1, 245, 017 34,950 45,680 199,650 434,250 234, 130 39, 555 22,850 42,325 523,265 115, 525 4,050 236, 840 124,800 738,090 12,740 12, 105 255, 816 9,900 239, 075 370, 195 27,220 40,600 1, 781, 425 882, 612 6,600 379, 135 16,300 1, 381, 957 153, 976 77,925 673, 865 149,200 1, 235, 326 47,340 96,700 46,900 105, 100 479, 895 18,800 181, 050 41, 850 128,680 447, 727 114.920 812, 092 26,050 29,655 138, 633 405,080 228, 910 28,425 16,690 31,010 395, 577 103, 575 2,250 177, 265 87, 745 445,240 8,490 8,525 178, 401 9,850 200,065 313, 320 19, 870 37,100 1, 381, 094 614, 549 4,500 313, 920 14,050 1, 067, 206 115,943 54,940 448, 805 142,400 868.729 44, 215 86,800 23,125 82, 595 386, 345 14,550 168,920 36,565 108,880 294,840 83.675 432, 925 8,900 16,025 61, 017 29,170 5,220 11,130 6,160 11,315 127,688 11,950 1,800 59, 575 37,055 292,850 4,250 3,580 77, 415 50 39, 010 56,875 7,350 3,500 400,331 268,063 2,100 65,215 2,250 314, 751 38,033 22,985 225,060 6,800 366, 597 3,125 9,900 23,775 22,505 93,550 4,250 12, 130 5,285 19,800 152, 887 31. 245 57,686 1,335 2,330 9,085 4,215 37,409 1,383 3,535 2,315 23,728 15,350 205 5,855 5,293 38,462 515 800 9,824 300 5,330 8,310 1,017 350 82,947 40,751 540 6,780 1,500 56,729 5,498 2,975 34,840 2,310 75,384 3,080 100 3,945 3,030 8,310 900 20,235 1,165 2,255 18, 478 7.383 Baker Bay . Bradford... . . Brevard B reward Calhoun Citrus Clay . Columbia Bade—. Dixie „ Duval . Es camhia Qadsden . . . _ . Gilchrist Gulf- - Hamilton . Hendry Hernando - . . Hillsborough Holmes Indian River Jackson Jefferson . Lafayette Lake Lee... Leon Levy .. . Liberty .. Madison Manatee. . . Marion Martin . .. Monroe Nassau Okaloosa. Orange Osceola Palm Beach Pasco.. Polk Putnam .. St. Johns 60 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE TABLE 38. — FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES — NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF SPECIFIED CLASSES OF FARM PROPERTY, BY STATES AND COUNTIES, 1930 — Continued STATE AND COUNTY Number of farms Land in farms (acres) VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS Value of imple- ments and machinery Total Land alone Buildings Santa Rosa FLORIDA — continued 28 39 121 394 14 78 49 126 109 160 25 1,868 617 4,609 31, 322 857 4,297 1,318 5,624 4,598 8,087 575 $73, 300 134,500 163, 195 453, 455 32,800 98,700 399,500 115,296 101, 570 183,480 158,250 $60,590 103, 700 116,300 331, 510 26,400 63,490 348, 638 76, 611 63, 030 121, 460 143, 050 $12, 710 30,800 46,895 121, 945 6,400 35, 210 50,862 38,685 38,540 62,020 15,200 $1, 567 4,935 14, 995 14, 967 1,770 2,409 8,569 3,716 7,631 9,442 3,755 Seminole Sumter Suwannee Taylor Union Volusia - Wakulla... Walton Washington .. Other counties Total GEORGIA 86, 787 5, 104, 452 8114,688,230 $82, 893, 996 $31, 794, 234 $4, 320, 997 Appling 191 89 50 758 589 148 269 375 289 114 370 221 34 1,095 152 996 3,036 608 1,227 225 362 344 1,080 44 19 82 172 249 72 543 645 365 45 536 306 434 801 200 1,134 477 605 10 636 511 790 12,740 6,493 3,983 49,230 36, 705 7,934 11,731 16, 210 24,761 8,330 18,122 12,466 914 56,784 12,649 57,449 152, 756 33, 331 56,608 10,532 23,681 20,720 47, 355 3,481 1,266 6,027 21,788 18, 616 3,432 21, 701 37,849 16, 355 2,638 22,533 23,951 24,012 41,072 13, 593 74,205 44,250 38,020 536 41, 469 19,959 50.074 256, 125 107, 765 84,077 820,940 546, 172 184,925 363,420 659, 292 559, 025 167, 530 658,566 283,035 19, 375 1, 385, 609 160,062 1,763,781 3, 542, 106 666,844 1, 676, 852 267,720 557,035 509,920 1, 618, 292 105, 515 18,500 231,060 154,836 399, 976 96, 695 1,008,096 837, 305 634,285 46,100 930, 835 445, 785 1,079,899 751, 727 381, 116 1, 457, 382 539, 519 1,083,827 13,680 784, 895 1, 144, 910 1. 327. 555 193, 495 77, 865 58,817 630,655 396,622 133, 410 256,545 518, 667 402,640 129, 670 465,857 207,775 11,685 1, 064, 093 113,837 1, 309, 826 2,517,837 452, 010 1,246,227 195, 565 371, 030 385,950 1, 147, 522 83, 465 12, 475 196,270 113,681 306, 010 61, 655 714, 691 603, 570 467, 670 28,295 693,200 313, 790 872,064 464,942 289, 696 1, 060, 745 364,904 853, 252 11, 105 584,525 953,445 957. 445 62, 630 29,900 25,260 190,285 149, 550 51, 515 106, 875 140,625 156,385 37,860 192, 709 75,260 7,690 321, 516 46,225 453, 955 1, 024, 269 214, 834 430, 625 72, 155 186,005 123,970 470, 770 22,050 6,025 34,790 41, 155 93,966 35,040 293, 405 233, 735 166, 615 17,805 237,635 131, 995 207, 835 286, 785 91,420 396, 637 174, 615 230, 575 2,575 200,370 191, 465 370. 110 7,427 3,440 2,614 47,651 29,036 5,223 15, 410 48,009 25,195 5,069 19,134 10, 657 676 58,400 6,393 52,228 134, 892 27,386 82,636 8,874 20,245 9,840 50,587 2,762 946 4,263 9,336 24,466 3,685 32, 953 34,006 15,234 2,260 26,993 19,844 23,977 29,929 13,104 58,161 20,258 32,634 460 31, 939 15,268 54.177 Atkinson . . . Bacon Baker Baldwin Banks Barrow Bartow Ben Hill Berrien Bibb Bleckley Brantley Brooks Bryan... . Bulloch... Burke Butts Oalhnnn Camden Campbell Candler Carroll Catoosa .... Charlton Chatham Chattahoochee Chattooga Cherokee Clarke Clay Clayton Clinch... Cobb Coffee Colquitt Columbia Cook Coweta Crawford Crisp Dade Decatur DeKalb Dodge. .. THE NEGRO FARMER 61 TABLE 38. — FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES — NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF SPECIFIED CLASSES OF FARM PROPERTY, BY STATES AND COUNTIES, 1930 — Continued STATE AND COUNTY Number of farms Land in farms (acres) VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS Value of imple- ments and machinery Total Land alone Buildings Dooly GEORGIA — continued 1,351 459 302 1,624 17 257 997 1,064 210 502 506 395 185 183 65 99 435 942 316 31 216 1,205 165 1,014 612 411 1,213 772 471 596 622 125 1,497 958 584 472 455 116 1,558 935 834 777 152 739 18 626 181 1,245 398 533 1,299 434 69 1,352 763 531 1,019 47 317 835 72, 572 26,026 18, 795 79, 056 1,196 9,271 52,999 66,783 13,699 24,577 28,130 13, 794 5,906 11,922 4,621 5,526 28,265 56,633 16, 956 2,121 12, 021 58, 474 9,332 93, 074 26,469 30,800 58,713 61,681 32,846 25,587 54, 179 7,631 93, 831 43,600 29,524 45, 417 30, 199 9,910 82,690 57, 702 33, 196 35, 037 9,186 39, 070 1,154 30, 858 5,600 79,002 19, 035 49, 738 101, 264 21, 794 2,509 68, 154 62, 282 29,810 51, 353 2,029 22,004 44. 114 $1,906,413 698, 185 435, 696 2, 141, 161 15,650 205, 986 1, 090, 225 1, 815, 766 350, 165 544,285 690,081 466, 140 802,125 213, 410 106,880 199,040 684,160 780, 613 394, 655 58,300 259,400 808, 464 178, 300 1, 078, 035 817, 722 444,064 1, 345, 854 1, 176, 557 871, 135 759, 552 790,505 158, 718 1, 689, 193 1, 100, 080 622, 533 516, 208 773, 980 199, 110 1, 824, 855 1, 153, 570 826, 394 652, 229 158, 130 1, 268, 469 17, 090 470, 397 154,600 2, 054, 503 479, 225 573, 220 1, 844, 780 543, 140 100, 467 2, 124, 455 758, 956 889,285 1,039,573 74, 314 479, 330 1.011.166 $1, 478, 783 543,060 288,576 1, 503, 828 10,825 150,546 741,908 1, 376, 172 244,365 385,635 521, 966 332, 675 693,040 148,260 75, 430 163, 825 513, 625 454, 357 286, 655 40, 435 186, 045 550, 617 121, 205 695, 595 579, 962 237,289 926, 179 908, 634 699,045 517, 526 489, 360 103, 393 1, 205, 557 829, 253 447, 378 362, 468 504,290 130, 790 1, 345, 275 848, 668 461,963 429, 674 94, 955 988, 158 14,090 305, 847 89,690 1, 672, 418 346, 235 339, 265 1, 193, 600 387, 655 76, 137 1, 567, 112 514, 638 712,610 627, 983 52, 864 360, 880 682. 806 $427, 630 155, 125 147, 120 637, 333 4,825 55, 440 348, 317 439, 594 105,800 158,650 168, 115 133, 465 109, 085 65,150 31,450 35, 215 170, 535 326,256 108,000 17, 865 73, 355 257, 847 57,095 382, 440 237,760 206, 775 419, 675 267, 923 172,090 242, 026 301, 145 55, 325 483, 636 270, 827 175, 155 153, 740 269, 690 68,320 479, 580 304,902 364, 431 222, 555 63, 175 280,311 3,000 164, 550 64,910 382, 085 132, 990 233, 955 651, 180 155, 485 24,330 557, 343 244, 318 176, 675 411, 590 21, 450 118,450 328.360 $75, 564 34, 316 17,289 93,209 935 5,379 56,188 59, 212 9,438 22,449 33, 381 9,994 15, 130 10,032 5,445 9,050 21, 359 38,724 13, 515 1,990 7,297 35,294 7,078 36,727 24,866 20,561 46, 945 34,864 32,935 22, 165 40, 034 8,954 70, 315 45, 378 18, 075 J1.775 30,348 12, 430 65, 493 64,352 43,166 35, 574 9,419 30,889 400 21,643 7,453 63,569 14, 052 17, 937 69, 938 23,647 2,140 72, 582 29,938 20,593 53,425 4,620 18, 430 44. 591 Dougherty - Douglas Early . . Echols Kffingham Elbert 'Rm^nnn] Evans Fayette. Floyd Franklin Fulton Qlascock Qlynn . Gordon Qrady Greene Gwinnett Habersham Hall. Hancock Haralson Harris — - Hart Heard Henry .. .. Houston Irwin Jackson Jasper Jeff Davis Jefferson Jenkins Johnson . _ Jones Lamar Lanier Laurens Lee.. .. Liberty .... Lincoln Long. Lowndes Lumpkin McDuffie Mclntosh Macon Madison Marion Meriwether Miller Milton Mitchell Monroe Montgomery Morgan Murray Muscogee Newton. __ 62 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE TABLE 38. — FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES — NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OP SPECIFIED CLASSES OF FARM PROPERTY, BY STATES AND COUNTIES, 1930 — Continued STATE AND COUNTY Number of farms Land in farms (acres) VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS Value of imple- ments and machinery Total Land alone Buildings Oconee.. . GEORGIA — continued 363 933 186 492 8 191 710 374 536 632 326 11 1,502 377 323 419 1,561 319 517 152 874 1,419 641 626 294 579 405 1,658 960 253 434 256 1,067 351 485 457 217 907 78 977 1,782 76 421 323 36 57 690 1,465 478 1,175 10 22, 478 62,025 9,790 19,027 549 12, 152 38,767 18, 448 31, 725 48,569 26, 123 234 91,991 26,956 18, 896 31, 594 67,050 18,823 28,965 7,040 96,080 75,449 54, 626 38,892 17,446 36,090 26,402 79,502 57,029 12, 976 23,057 16,820 78, 133 21,719 30, 010 48,129 8,625 46,837 4,037 60,955 88,655 6,678 27,845 20,458 1,979 2,980 47,088 77, 367 39, 142 59, 818 398 $452, 473 1,032,493 186, 815 770, 019 20,250 330,630 1, 007, 015 499,884 781, 100 717, 121 404, 875 20,800 2, 249, 739 580, 415 303,940 567, 902 1, 509, 535 482,085 737, 514 235,890 1, 208, 350 2, 137, 388 707,280 477, 980 443, 391 628, 878 565, 281 3, 696, 058 1, 365, 472 483, 893 767, 877 478, 924 1, 449, 970 627,224 437, 359 707, 275 306, 075 1, 141, 465 174, 325 1, 015, 372 1, 578, 000 106, 815 363, 480 464, 375 42,060 93,800 1, 018, 675 1, 148, 596 414, 895 1, 722, 150 6,592 $300,923 678, 417 114,790 623,099 16, 375 225, 975 669, 794 376, 484 593,060 469, 871 277,780 9,400 1, 743, 362 409,850 200,898 429, 057 1, 103, 306 345, 925 458, 768 179, 330 897, 865 1,656,123 437, 305 317, 130 324, 781 457, 708 427,546 2, 907, 542 1, 014, 167 382, 648 626, 957 344,724 971, 417 507, 769 294,727 461, 530 230, 105 791, 475 111,375 736, 187 1, 039, 308 80,380 223,932 359, 279 34, 435 70, 710 780, 710 733, 345 317, 625 1, 268, 750 4,407 $151, 550 354, 076 72, 025 146, 920 3,875 104, 655 337, 221 123,400 188,040 247,250 127,095 11,400 506,377 170,565 103, 042 138, 845 406,229 136, 160 278,746 56,560 310,485 481, 265 269, 975 160,850 118,610 171, 170 137, 735 788, 516 351, 305 101, 245 140, 920 134,200 478, 553 119, 455 142, 632 245, 745 75, 970 349,990 62,950 279, 185 538, 692 26, 435 139, 548 105, 096 7,625 23,090 237, 965 415, 251 97,270 453, 400 2,185 $22, 190 46,283 7,805 20,292 222 10,235 35,908 26,267 33, 181 24,559 21, 557 355 89, 695 28,602 13, 035 21, 933 37, 111 20,881 29,231 5,529 58,864 56,264 30,900 17,138 12, 967 17, 307 20,212 117,906 34,259 10, 925 19, 340 18,123 60, 597 25, 169 27,434 29,539 11,265 62,023 7,785 40,282 54, 595 3,740 27,783 14,581 302 5,419 32,899 35, 761 13,278 79, 171 130 Oglethorpe Paulding Peach Pickens Pierce.. Pike Polk Pulaski Putnam Quitman Rabun.. Randolph Richmond. Rockdale Schley Screven Seminole Spalding Stephens Stewart. Sumter Talbot Taliaferro .. Tattnall Taylor Telfair Terrell... Thomas Tift Toombs.. .. Treutlen Troup Turner Twiggs Upson Walker Walton.. Ware Warren Washington Wayne Webster Wheeler White Whitfleld Wilcox... Wilkes.. Wilkinson Worth Other counties Total IDAHO 16 2,816 8107, 200 879, 550 827, 650 814, 125 THE NEGKO FAEMER 63 TABLE 38. — FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES — NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF SPECIFIED CLASSES OF FARM PROPERTY, BY STATES AND COUNTIES, 1930 — Continued STATE AND COUNTY Number of farms Land in farms (acres) VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS Value of imple- ments and machinery Total Land alone Buildings Total ILLINOIS 893 57, 805 S3, 704, 618 $2, 926, 618 3778, 000 $126, 810 Alexander 138 5 5 22 7 8 9 14' 45 5 79 9 23 306 28 23 38 16 10 12 8 83 6,871 566 672 1,658 485 911 1,911 1,203 2,394 117 4,804 962 1,750 14,277 1,944 942 2,857 403 456 1,294 601 10,727 377, 192 12, 495 44,200 68,050 12,150 13,000 76,100 52,700 181,865 8,900 183,960 38,520 40, 435 565,586 76,920 208,600 145, 440 76, 675 56,600 71,500 13,000 1, 380, 730 323, 572 9,095 39,300 49,900 6,500 8,600 59,900 38,600 91,350 3,540 143, 095 24,720 31,500 429, 761 53,420 196, 225 110, 215 49, 375 44,345 61,900 8,575 1, 143, 130 53,620 3,400 4,900 18,150 5,650 4,400 16,200 14,100 90,515 5,360 40,865 13,800 8,935 135, 825 23,500 12, 375 35,225 27,300 12,255 9,600 4,425 237,600 9,322 525 2,500 2,610 512 650 1,525 1,925 8,520 145 7,065 1,602 1,265 25,890 2,215 2,232 6,822 1,220 1,475 2,445 660 45,685 Bond Henderson Jackson Jefferson . - Johnson.. Kankakee Lawrence - . - Madison Marion Massac . _ . Perry.. . Pope Pulaski . . Randolph.. .. St. Clair Saline . Sangamon . . . Vermilion White Williamson Other counties Total..- INDIANA 461 28,454 SI, 947, 915 $1, 358, 595 $589, 320 $77, 163 Bartholomew 5 23 11 12 5 14 63 20 18 10 10 11 11 29 17 9 7 25 10 7 33 6 31 74 253 767 670 470 282 678 5,126 1,141 1,335 852 483 378 705 1,020 821 663 463 1,120 536 377 1,674 315 2,288 6,037 15,910 78, 725 60,450 32,900 38,200 31,800 249, 940 124,890 112, 750 19,100 42,200 16,540 27,200 201,800 46, 195 57,620 43,050 52, 470 21,635 32,950 89,120 15,600 194,615 342, 255 14, 710 50,900 46,950 22,750 33,150 15,450 191, 840 66,690 68,500 13,550 29,600 9,040 16, 325 166, 345 26,545 47,220 30, 050 40,295 15,060 30, 250 53,820 7,900 121,415 240,240 1,200 27,825 13,500 10,150 5,050 16,350 58,100 58,200 44,250 5,550 12,600 7,500 10, 875 35, 455 19,650 10,400 13,000 12, 175 6,575 2,700 35,300 7,700 73,200 102, 015 387 2,815 1,410 1,215 325 768 10,565 2,770 3,548 1,057 1,475 390 1,600 6,570 1,730 2,460 2,670 1,550 515 500 2,460 1,175 10,565 18,642 Clark Daviess . . Dearborn Delaware Floyd Gibson Grant Hamilton Harrison Henry Jefferson . Jennings Marion Randolph . . Rush... Shelby Spencer Sullivan Vanderburg Vigo Warrick Wayne Other counties Total IOWA 118 10,002 S878, 234 $660, 745 $217, 489 $46,001 Fayette 10 24 17 6 15 46 1,895 1,926 846 379 219 4,737 117, 690 86,845 84,150 50,500 55,839 483,210 90,090 63,920 62, 475 43,600 43,900 356,760 27,600 22, 925 21, 675 6,900 11, 939 126,450 7,700 4,207 5,310 1, 725 919 26, 140 Lee . . Monroe Page Polk Other counties 64 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE TABLE 38. — FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES — NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OP SPECIFIED CLASSES OF FARM PROPERTY, BY STATES AND COUNTIES, 1930 — Continued STATE AND COUNTY Number of farms Land in farms (acres) VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS Value of imple- ments and machinery Total Land alone Buildings Total KANSAS 941 146, 745 86, 093, 760 85, 090, 775 $1, 002, 985 $287, 075 Anderson . . . . . 5 34 13 10 10 22 5 5 9 25 60 8 11 5 8 77 11 12 25 22 11 37 6 31 16 9 6 7 105 14 7 6 11 13 8 5 10 40 8 20 5 5 41 73 70 599 3,800 2,491 877 701 2,074 191 364 353 2,347 5,113 2,288 775 427 4,089 18, 198 1,878 1,514 3,265 1,403 700 2,645 325 22,460 1,117 2,075 4,060 710 6,661 800 986 1,232 890 3,270 572 1,140 1,073 2,975 1,730 7,688 1,088 7,460 5,347 1,976 15, 018 34,100 247, 210 147,600 36,400 28,550 96, 615 10,040 16,700 11,650 203,550 440, 810 70,300 59, 610 28,000 125, 070 420, 105 53,425 70,200 174, 435 149,900 34,830 152, 345 13,900 236, 430 84,490 114,430 148,600 41,800 259, 510 31,850 77,850 50.560 36,550 209,600 27,600 27,900 90,200 361,430 114, 730 143, 760 84,500 51,650 271,360 458,100 545, 515 27,600 199, 085 131, 825 29,400 25,650 74,890 8,240 13,750 8,090 170, 050 348,800 56,900 52, 110 22,850 108, 570 366, 230 47, 375 58,225 142, 735 129,805 26,840 132, 770 11,400 211,555 62, 140 95, 530 136,400 33,200 198,020 21,800 68,600 41,260 25,600 191,650 22,150 24,200 85,230 288,980 100,200 125, 010 77,600 46,300 206,410 371, 320 464,430 6,500 48,125 15, 775 7,000 2,900 21, 725 1,800 2,950 3,560 33,500 92, 010 13,400 7,500 . 5,150 16,500 53,875 6,050 11,975 31,700 20,095 7,990 19, 575 2,500 24,875 22,350 18,900 12,200 8,600 61,490 10,050 9,250 9,300 10,950 17,950 5,450 3,700 4,970 72,450 14,530 18,750 6,900 5,350 64,950 86,780 81,085 1,570 7,240 5,300 560 325 5,755 315 1,225 305 5,240 17,500 5,850 770 2,425 7,775 29,015 1,930 2,650 7,055 1,990 1,430 2,810 60 13,780 5,555 2,590 19,850 W6 10,200 1,545 3,480 3,400 1,770 16,950 1,210 4,250 2,225 8,605 8,565 9,600 3,500 1,125 12,750 9,140 37,215 Atcbison Barton Bourbon . Cbautauqua Cherokee Coffey Cowley. . . . . Crawford. .. Doniphan Douglas Finney . . . Franklin Geary Qove .. _ Graham Hodgeman Jackson Jefferson Johnson . . Labette .. . . . Leavenworth Linn . Loga^— Lyon.. Marshall Meade Miami . _ Montgomery . Morris.. . Nemaha Neosho Osage Pratt Reno.. Rooks. . Sedgwick Shawnee Stafford Stevens... Sumner Trego Wabaunsee Wyandotte Other counties Total KENTUCKY 9,104 341, 833 $16, 157, 593 $11,328,769 $4,831,824 $605, 430 Adair 115 53 8 131 324 53 5 41 171 92 5,282 2,021 123 5,361 10, 897 1,125 71 3,901 2,334 1,623 97,585 42,945 9,415 158,600 468, 360 109,410 7,600 203, 750 365, 795 110,715 68,164 27, 530 6,645 116,120 326, 140 66,110 2,650 138, 225 247, 610 77,490 29,421 15,415 2,770 42,480 142, 220 43,300 4,950 65,525 118, 185 33,225 3,656 985 714 8,133 15,612 3,490 250 6,540 16,988 3,290 Allen Anderson Ballard Barren Bath... Bell. . Boone Bourbon Boyle... THE NEGRO FARMER 65 TABLE 38. — FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES — NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF SPECIFIED CLASSES OF FARM PROPERTY, BY STATES AND COUNTIES, 1930 — Continued STATE AND COUNTY Number of farms Land in farms (acres) VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS Value of imple- ments and machinery Total Land alone Buildings Bracken „ KENTUCKY— continued 7 8 47 36 28 80 39 9 18 22 677 84 39 14 14 98 204 30 175 41 13 20 313 18 208 8 143 184 5 15 48 7 58 190 312 79 87 70 60 124 13 17 27 31 16 12 10 148 20 373 93 250 24 419 5 90 85 55 53 102 53 67 53 110 45 197 214 3,751 2,444 1,559 4,363 2,486 421 523 659 35, 485 1,916 1,288 601 425 3,437 6,484 1,948 4,950 807 564 651 10,722 708 4,526 52 6,087 6,473 148 344 2,373 417 2,250 5,590 13,052 1,650 4,139 2,448 1,720 3,167 630 580 578 1,323 217 228 927 3,023 1,360 13,682 4,148 5,133 1,211 12,020 408 3,927 2,770 6,213 1,805 3,637 1,955 1,967 3,247 4,372 693 $21,000 9,000 67,950 91,538 18, 925 100, 170 55,635 13,850 38,850 13,550 1, 127, 555 123,405 31,950 6,615 9,400 120,500 342,485 38,450 1,038,735 70,590 18,000 43, 115 953,915 27,140 346,995 6,500 219, 475 185,405 9,400 35,055 87,675 10,400 164,039 221,605 610,475 175, 790 133, 270 115, 645 249,900 365, 640 37,200 18,060 36,300 44,465 21, 975 7,070 10,250 148, 005 23,070 573,808 70, 827 444,061 43,810 797, 765 10,200 176, 250 245, 360 102, 553 127,400 91,375 41, 765 186, 795 63,775 254,205 60.690 $10, 700 6,700 34, 175 70,508 12,470 72, 895 37,985 9,185 28,250 10,000 807, 115 77, 510 19,955 5,815 6,010 89, 785 240,820 28,645 744, 105 50,605 12, 425 32,810 797, 095 16, 765 228,110 5,360 162,095 137,660 7,400 26, 355 56,445 8,250 112,389 149, 450 446,000 101, 615 101, 395 78, 695 167, 700 243,940 24,600 12, 810 23,550 23,565 16,485 4,420 5,500 104, 819 17,320 375,063 53,906 281, 875 35,685 577, 550 8,900 120, 810 176, 260 69,643 79,600 60,550 28,215 129, 745 41,560 165, 100 36.390 $10,300 2,300 33,775 21,030 6,455 27,275 17,650 4,665 10,600 3,550 320,440 45, 895 11,995 800 3,390 30,715 101, 665 9,805 294,630 19,985 5,575 10,305 156,820 10, 375 118,885 1,140 57,380 47, 745 2,000 8,700 31,230 2,150 51,650 72, 155 164, 475 74,175 31, 875 36,950 82,200 121, 700 12,600 5,250 12,750 20,900 5,490 2,650 4,750 43,186 5,750 198, 745 16,921 162, 186 8,125 220,215 1,300 55,440 69,100 32, 910 47,800 30,825 13,550 57,050 22,215 89, 105 24.300 $735 235 1,743 1,953 896 2,990 1,695 308 1,010 1,025 53,033 4,835 741 260 420 4,170 9,827 1,730 32, 170 1,918 90 1,575 29,455 140 15,113 50 6,703 9,205 117 3,035 3,365 43 8,103 10, 955 21,095 4,120 4,700 4,650 5,841 14, 670 1,175 106 437 2,090 284 45 705 5,809 1,776 19, 137 1,930 25,550 3,060 26,502 140 3,188 11,260 5,660 3,695 4,588 1,200 6,140 3,112 9,608 5.025 Breathitt Bullitt Butler - Caldwell Galloway - Carlisle.-- Carroll Casey Christian Clark Clay Clinton Crittenden. . Cumberland Daviess Edmonson Fayette Fleming „,, Floyd Franklin Fulton Oallatin Qarrard . Grant Graves Green Greenup.. Hancock Hardin Harlan Harrison Hart Henderson Henry Hickman Hopkins Jefferson Jessamine Kenton . .. Knott Knox Larue Laurel Lee Lewis Lincoln.. Livingston Logan Lyon McCracken. McLean Madison. . . Magoffin .. Marion . Mason Meade Mercer . Metcalfe Monroe- Montgomery Muhlenberg Nelson Nicholas... 130058—33 4 66 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE TABLE 38. — FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES — NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF SPECIFIED CLASSES OF FARM PROPERTY, BY STATES AND COUNTIES, 1930 — Continued STATE AND COUNTY Number of farms Land in farms (acres) VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS Value of imple- ments and machinery Total Land alone Buildings Ohio KENTUCKY — continued 35 15 88 6 17 44 6 27 38 5 23 119 120 173 35 122 369 270 6 42 308 155 54 87 10 111 23 2,263 831 3,055 276 669 1,790 1,157 1,354 1,093 322 1,856 2,276 2,917 8,325 1,312 4,444 15,099 16,472 522 1,271 10,238 4,850 1,953 4,226 281 2,067 1,083 $39, 410 52,200 141,294 4,650 25,840 55, 365 21,600 39,350 42,075 18,300 24,375 282,060 255, 016 294,625 84,955 153, 035 480,380 349,272 22,300 52, 425 474, 370 261,655 50,300 135,830 8,175 232, 135 25,800 $26,560 30,725 97,474 3,775 20,755 21,415 16, 725 23,675 24,925 15,000 19,330 187, 515 158,536 209,505 57,880 113,390 368,550 214, 182 16,800 36,980 356,820 189, 130 35,185 90,330 5,575 158,900 20,340 $12,850 21, 475 43,820 875 5,085 33,950 4,875 15, 675 17,150 3,300 5,045 94,545 96,480 85,120 27,075 39,645 111,830 135,090 5,500 15, 445 117,550 72,525 15, 115 45,500 2,600 73,235 5,460 $1,315 2,785 4,226 27 625 1,420 95 1,350 1,465 525 450 12, 615 9,321 13,025 3,844 6,585 23,155 19,496 990 2,320 14,867 5,695 1,336 4,947 110 5,237 1,005 Oldham . Owen .. Owsley - - Pendleton Perry Pike Powell Pulaski .- Robertson . Russell . Scott -- ..-- Shelby Simpson . ... Spencer Taylor Todd Trigg Trimble Union -- Warren . . Washington Wayne Webster Whitley Woodford .... - Other counties Total LOUISIANA (PARISH) 73, 734 2, 313, 338 $108, 668, 818 $86, 432, 377 $22, 236, 441 $4, 870, 550 Acadia 494 116 306 20 1,840 111 1,858 3,874 6,154 300 319 85 914 3,233 1,543 3,752 1,367 2,881 1,933 886 2,521 574 333 250 511 15 317 1,026 17 61 14, 778 3,801 6,840 416 35, 691 3,870 86,692 111,838 177, 438 14,796 9,471 3,220 22,359 185, 500 26,992 141, 115 34,622 53,369 67,666 27, 755 59, 374 12, 331 17, 393 7,566 28,817 199 11,873 40,468 779 2.094 852, 951 130, 120 348, 307 30, 055 2, 555, 854 165, 704 2, 279, 860 6, 492, 333 12, 104, 127 667, 345 483,448 160, 950 1, 517, 720 3, 793, 476 1, 574, 111 2,981,837 2, 054, 075 3, 957, 712 1, 322, 635 1, 304, 560 3, 946, 870 654,783 1, 110, 131 362, 788 473, 061 29, 080 505, 365 3, 410, 150 44,025 67.900 688,661 90,395 233,822 17,890 2, 052, 032 125, 579 1, 625, 550 5, 628, 283 10, 519, 859 519, 425 388,448 106,380 1, 242, 715 2, 882, 712 1,215,211 2, 227, 624 1, 592, 630 3, 119, 372 926, 843 866, 790 3, 304, 010 535,088 909,706 264, 158 331,243 23,205 377,280 3, 017, 647 32,720 31.200 164,290 39,725 114,485 12, 165 503,822 40,125 654, 310 864,050 1, 584, 268 147, 920 95,000 54,570 275, 005 910, 764 358,900 754, 213 461,445 838,340 395, 792 437, 770 642,860 119,695 200,425 98, 630 141,818 5,875 128,085 392,503 11,305 36.700 51,342 7,038 12,969 729 74,923 7,650 135, 049 202, 927 438,906 39, 361 19, 136 3,958 58,890 172,903 53,944 171,264 73, 616 229,597 103, 762 81,011 180,211 25,400 33, 013 16, 217 26,087 1,880 33,051 87, 256 1,971 2.736 Allen Ascension Assumption . Beauregard Bienville Bossier - Caddo Calcasieu Caldwell Cameron Catahoula . . Concordia De Soto East Baton Rouge East Carroll East Feliciana Evangeline Franklin Grant. Iberia Iberville Jackson Jefferson Jefferson Davis. Lafayette Lafourche La Salle-. 67 TABLE 38. — FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES — NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF SPECIFIED CLASSES OF FARM PROPERTY, BY STATES AND COUNTIES, 1930 — Continued STATE AND COUNTY Number of farms Land in farms (acres) VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS Value of imple- ments and machinery Total Land alone Buildings Lincoln LOUISIANA (PARISH) — continued 1,541 297 1,795 2,815 3,362 12 1,384 127 1,679 1,802 1,750 2,934 507 24 48 840 94 41 3,736 751 170 233 1,167 2,492 101 1,082 275 93 743 1,904 227 596 1,173 328 83, 557 4,202 35, 245 75, 662 92, 553 67 43, 134 4,424 43, 371 40,511 45, 192 73,235 21,550 415 2,048 29,849 5,627 2,432 118, 446 31,688 5,916 16,529 22,023 44,984 3,971 57,360 14,223 2,960 31,350 83,264 5,843 13, 807 33,605 15, 172 $2, 405, 633 241, 015 2, 321, 293 4, 235, 395 4, 993, 742 18, 820 2, 371, 191 314, 725 2, 236, 209 3, 423, 726 2, 343, 831 4, 392, 893 362,080 30,900 110, 340 685,220 243,825 138, 825 7, 429, 622 2, 309, 777 286, 267 656,465 1, 355, 371 2,638,666 164, 169 1, 146, 396 736, 510 66,215 835, 352 2, 429, 646 317, 274 950, 780 798, 597 296,715 $1, 833, 210 180, 265 1, 637, 043 3, 319, 801 4, 088, 022 11,820 1, 955, 558 241,780 1, 640, 952 2, 860, 046 1, 896, 055 3, 678, 598 263, 602 21,500 93, 905 381, 370 192, 745 95, 375 5, 905, 922 1, 922, 690 214, 530 425, 940 865, 306 2, 031, 424 117,609 864, 775 643,845 38,090 539, 819 1,811,882 228,199 796, 752 540,109 197, 360 $572, 423 60,750 684,250 915, 594 905,720 7,000 415,633 72, 945 595, 257 563, 680 447, 776 714, 295 98,478 9,400 16, 435 303,850 51,080 43, 450 1, 523, 700 387,087 71, 737 230, 525 490,065 607,242 46,560 281, 621 92, 665 28,125 295, 533 617, 764 89, 075 154,028 258,488 99,355 $97, 149 14, 590 180, 281 216, 708 208,409 800 98,408 13,606 117, 630 114, 561 92,768 270, 455 22, 693 3,207 9,245 56,140 5,497 7,730 277, 264 75,884 14, 374 28,952 63,163 97,088 9,297 58,219 38,280 4,119 59, 795 124, 827 17,444 44,140 57,809 23,221 Livingston Madison Morehouse - - Natchitoches Orleans Ouachita - Plaquemines Pointe Coupee - . Red River Richland - - Sabine . St Bernard - . St Charles St. Helena St James St. John the Baptist. . St Landry St. Martin St. Mary - - St. Tammany . Tangipahoa Tensas Terrebonne Vermilion - - - Washington Webster - West Baton Rouge West Carroll West Feliciana. Winn Total MAINE 15 818 $41,400 $15, 700 $25, 700 $6, 075 Penobscot 6 9 402 416 14,700 26,700 4,000 11,700 10,700 15,000 2,900 3,175 Other counties Total MARYLAND 5,264 345, 224 $18, 896, 282 $11, 746, 786 $7, 149, 496 $945, 402 Anne Arundel 343 63 437 317 26 34 555 327 76 98 68 141 195 581 20,992 1,956 34, 352 18,042 1,847 3,115 50, 137 27, 337 4,235 4,188 3,381 7,330 9,627 46. 478 1, 502, 030 292, 789 1, 237, 554 817, 700 109, 910 184, 765 1, 556, 785 1,331,175 246, 525 429,000 296, 450 399, 220 1, 616, 505 2. 873. 359 966, 474 154,889 726, 449 471, 435 70,585 97, 380 916, 245 989, 335 110,695 175, 800 108, 225 250, 745 1, 248, 930 1. 799. 889 535, 556 137, 900 511, 105 346, 265 39, 325 87, 385 640, 540 341, 840 135, 830 253, 200 188, 225 148, 475 367, 575 1. 073. 470 62, 631 13,968 58,512 65, 844 5,625 8,150 85, 074 88,015 19, 362 20, 759 11,275 18, 519 40,293 99.411 Baltimore Calvert Caroline Carroll Cecil Charles Dorchester Frederick Harford . Howard Kent Montgomery-- Prince Georees.-- 68 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE TABLE 38. — FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES — NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF SPECIFIED CLASSES OF FARM PROPERTY, BY STATES AND COUNTIES, 1930 — Continued STATE AND COUNTY Number of farms Land in farms (acres) VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS Value of imple- ments and machinery Total Land alone Buildings Queen \nnes . MARYLAND — continued 313 305 458 196 20 268 441 2 19, 491 22,245 12, 973 13,096 1,277 11,503 30, 822 800 $946, 780 993,899 889, 390 1, 146, 045 85,600 770, 666 1, 161, 935 8,200 $529, 235 575, 914 458, 510 752, 995 43, 525 508, 891 784, 040 6,600 $417, 545 417, 985 430, 880 393, 050 42, 075 261, 775 377, 895 1,600 $63,809 46, 192 67,063 64,450 2,495 42, 997 60,708 250 St. Marys.. Somerset Talbot Washington Wicomico Worcester Other counties. Total MASSACHUSETTS 63 2,063 $376, 595 $201, 400 $175, 195 $19, 320 Barnstable 17 15 5 5 7 14 183 366 262 167 392 693 72, 370 53,700 15, 625 43,800 126,900 64,200 26, 950 25,700 8,875 15,800 105, 700 18, 375 45, 420 28,000 6,750 28,000 21,200 45, 825 530 2,440 400 1,050 8,625 6,275 Bristol Hampden. Middlesex Plymouth Other counties . Total MICHIGAN 427 30, 959 $1, 874, 378 $1, 045, 563 $828, 815 $137, 755 Allegan . . 16 27 7 105 5 5 8 15 9 8 13 5 32 11 8 8 5 55 22 5 58 941 716 392 9,321 231 181 795 1,654 328 507 925 274 2,628 833 510 666 430 3,270 1,405 269 4,683 48,000 106,800 28,000 471,800 13,700 15,900 55,800 47,500 33,600 40,300 24, 348 8,100 104,500 21,850 48,800 28,300 27,850 295, 530 203,000 45,000 205, 700 22,200 50, 375 12, 170 265, 700 5,950 7,600 36,400 27,800 9,400 20,100 16, 148 4,500 65, 670 13, 150 27,900 14,900 16, 250 164, 530 120, 300 28,800 115, 720 25,800 56,425 15,830 206,100 7,750 8,300 19,400 19,700 24,200 20,200 8,200 3,600 38, 830 8,700 20,900 13,400 11,600 131,000 82,700 16,200 89, 980 6,490 7,075 830 35, 330 1,225 1,200 2,850 4,427 2,945 1,500 2,930 450 7,355 1,450 3,050 2,050 960 22,483 8,320 3,350 21, 485 Berrien ... Calhoun Cass . Eaton Bj Genesee Qratiot . Isabella Kalamazoo . . Kent Lake Manistee Mecosta. Midland Monroe . . Montcalm . St. Clair Van Buren .-«.-... Washtenaw Wayne - . Other counties Total MINNESOTA 27 2,692 $187, 325 $107, 625 $79, 700 $18, 965 Hennepin ... 5 22 65 2,627 45,100 142, 225 26,600 81,025 18,500 61,200 8,590 10, 375 Other counties Total MISSISSIPPI 182, 578 6, 062, 490 $249, 305, 432 $191, 685, 807 $57, 619, 625 $11,100,211 Adams 1,476 427 1,888 1,952 1.053 41, 702 16, 306 92, 491 93,640 65. 252 1, 509, 799 518, 565 1, 471, 677 1, 672, 852 900,965 982, 440 376, 680 930, 677 1, 196, 902 634, 550 527, 359 141, 885 541,000 475, 950 266, 415 70,281 26,064 120, 375 124, 915 75,563 Alcorn Amite Attala . Ben ton... THE NEGRO FARMER 69 TABLE 38. — FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES — NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF SPECIFIED CLASSES OF FARM PROPERTY, BY STATES AND COUNTIES, 1930 — Continued STATE AND COUNTY Number of farms Land in farms (acres) VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS Value of imple- ments and machinery Total Land alone Buildings Bolivar . MISSISSIPPI — continued 13,236 651 2,652 1,751 567 1,643 898 2,006 8,440 2,521 781 4,312 224 646 89 134 1,585 49 52 5,362 5,660 4,364 1,215 158 38 1,418 2,068 1,706 577 2,281 1,510 95 1,492 911 1,422 2,011 8,778 1,093 2,510 5,572 985 3,704 2,842 1,073 952 1,323 3,973 1,879 4,007 120 270 1,803 818 421 4,382 1,893 1,158 2,657 1,123 475 262, 850 24,253 109,287 82, 282 35, 344 78,563 42, 395 72, 179 170, 885 88,654 37,967 155, 850 10, 420 27, 598 4,546 6,781 80,694 3,602 1,630 181, 797 197, 793 91,813 27, 259 8,908 2,210 79, 825 86, 359 81, 925 26,468 115, 666 88,576 4,019 81, 179 42, 774 65,232 54,864 197, 740 50, 178 90,764 196, 853 38, 197 233, 802 109, 563 53, 073 32, 979 63, 487 122, 611 87, 479 144, 301 4,731 17, 330 85, 322 33,388 14, 023 98, 616 82, 359 49, 093 52, 557 49, 947 20,441 $25, 134, 819 598, 764 1, 998, 118 1, 754, 970 359, 707 1, 478, 178 649, 979 1, 846, 210 18, 029, 568 1,914,999 873, 167 6, 080, 320 308, 641 466, 578 86,275 112, 618 1, 309, 845 102, 125 94, 225 6, 783, 114 6, 717, 183 7, 993, 998 1, 585, 829 161, 770 54,200 1, 065, 723 1, 581, 853 1, 997, 567 689, 820 1, 786, 594 1, 301, 023 99,655 1, 694, 398 791, 008 1, 335, 622 2, 821, 340 18, 398, 663 741, 180 2, 683, 049 6, 782, 988 864, 285 3, 714, 479 3, 804, 340 1, 190, 338 847, 574 1, 427, 310 3, 386, 762 1, 797, 460 3, 597, 786 159, 475 311,627 1, 763, 714 879, 642 565, 163 7, 502, 706 1, 571, 282 941, 650 4, 692, 869 1, 079, 857 444, 865 $20, 479, 564 424, 512 1, 468, 900 1, 265, 742 239, 539 948,648 425, 014 1, 340, 043 14, 716, 657 1, 204, 005 634,642 4, 655, 908 209, 370 292, 273 55,585 58,248 917, 424 73,000 68,080 4, 814, 146 4, 973, 813 6, 525, 609 1, 086, 784 128, 865 31,090 749, 400 1, 037, 450 1, 473, 612 462, 725 1,216,964 924, 018 66, 085 1, 160, 786 557, 122 962, 797 2, 253, 026 14, 990, 257 483, 327 1, 955, 859 4, 914, 995 631, 021 2, 654, 016 2, 970, 974 884, 972 617, 894 1, 066, 896 2, 375, 432 1, 161, 855 2, 579, 658 90, 405 208, 423 1, 190, 418 667, 662 458, 238 6, 141, 118 1, 166, 854 640, 587 3, 717, 754 752, 538 322, 020 $4, 655, 255 174, 252 529, 218 489, 228 120, 168 529, 530 224, 965 506, 167 3,312,911 710,994 238,525 1, 424, 412 • 99, 271 174, 305 30, 690 54,370 392, 421 29,125 26,145 1, 868, 968 1, 743, 370 1, 468, 389 499, 045 32,905 23, 110 316, 323 544, 403 523, 955 227, 095 569, 630 377, 005 33, 570 533, 612 233,886 372, 825 568, 314 3, 408, 406 257, 853 727, 190 1, 867, 993 233, 264 1, 060, 463 833, 366 305, 366 229, 680 360, 414 1,011,330 635, 605 1, 018, 128 69,070 103, 204 573, 296 211,980 106, 925 1, 361, 588 404,428 301, 063 975, 115 327, 319 122, 845 $500, 237 71, 117 170, 740 159, 447 30,857 171, 142 39, 302 110,886 209, 844 127, 919 43,880 357, 900 11,780 28,990 6,372 4,721 86, 273 4,330 6,822 318, 137 384,632 334, 936 104, 273 10, 036 3,752 56,026 176, 843 94,213 37, 153 102, 817 120,462 5,660 78, 507 51, 881 105, 314 159, 535 656, 127 31, 551 208, 744 474, 335 35, 623 236, 367 242,089 97, 576 74, 169 105, 230 268, 141 147, 825 280,551 7,555 16,631 93,254 55, 982 32,656 162, 039 95, 355 55,933 138, 827 61, 821 21,230 Calhoun Carroll . . Chickasaw Choctaw Claiborne . ... Clarke Clay . Coahoma . Copiah Covington De Soto. - - . Forrest Franklin George Greene Grenada Hancock . Harrison Hinds Holmes Humphreys Issaquena Itawamba Jackson Jasper Jefferson ... Jefferson Davis Jones Kemper.. Lafayette Lamar Lauderdale .- . .. Lawrence Leake Lee . - Leflore Lincoln Lowndes Madison Marion Marshall - .... Monroe Montgomery Neshoba Newton Noxubee Oktibbeha Panola. Pearl River Perry. - Pike Pontotoc Prentiss Quitman Rankin Scott Sharkey Simpson Smith. .. 70 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE TABLE 38. — FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES — NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OP SPECIFIED CLASSES OF FARM PROPERTY, BY STATES AND COUNTIES, 1930 — Continued STATE AND COUNTY Number of farms Land in farms (acres) VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS Value of imple- ments and machinery Total Land alone Buildings Stone MISSISSIPPI— continued 127 11,644 6,523 2,687 526 128 4,942 677 1,188 1,642 7,652 593 412 1,578 1,319 1,420 5,388 5,421 243, 010 129, 626 98,427 24,150 6,954 106, 259 26,405 48, 959 52,881 148, 225 30,236 21,728 55,328 66,263 77, 762 150,184 $122, 375 24, 226, 094 9, 888, 853 2, 293, 151 498, 110 122, 175 9, 213, 651 949, 015 1, 157, 160 1, 544, 430 12,929,156 551, 728 322, 810 883,448 1,009,151 1, 169, 570 5, 541, 830 $83,622 20, 251, 897 7, 900, 567 1, 600, 246 357, 105 93,885 7, 267, 067 714,512 860,242 1, 085, 787 10, 133, 603 367, 893 230, 355 551,544 641,703 838,315 3,941,596 $38, 753 3, 974, 197 1, 988, 286 692, 905 141, 005 28,290 1,946,584 234,503 296,918 458,643 2, 795, 553 183,835 92, 455 331,904 367, 448 331, 255 1,600,234 $6,399 925, 693 170, 624 158, 521 32, 317 6,880 116,605 53, 036 70, 415 121, 322 498, 799 32,556 26,289 75,798 86,429 92,054 323,929 Sunflower . Tallahatchie Tate Tippah . -- Tishomingo Tunica Union . Walthall Warren . . . . Washington Wayne Webster Wilkinson - Winston Yalobusha . -- Yazoo Total MISSOURI 5,844 255, 623 $14,498,297 811, 769, 862 82, 728, 435 $493, 459 Audrain . 25 14 71 97 182 40 18 5 74 6 18 11 105 9 5 46 42 6 46 15 71 5 5 15 7 46 7 38 7 14 57 6 8 15 30 10 651 6 27 33 2,101 836 5,717 5,094 13, 510 2,945 2,304 73 5,986 174 886 1,035 7,302 362 295 1,336 3,180 1,002 1,905 1,520 7,199 440 233 761 660 3,237 927 2,580 749 2,585 4,179 356 449 855 2,449 670 19,286 1,175 2,614 3.282 81, 340 29,900 288,700 140,500 326, 981 100, 810 153, 850 12,200 282,605 25,100 49,980 75,940 379,900 14,850 15, 325 69. 880 129, 930 20,500 219, 100 59,230 317, 130 8,700 10,450 184,800 32,000 140, 860 19,400 196,865 32,190 119,440 155, 495 20,860 30, 970 32,255 117,534 14,640 1, 499, 865 35,000 98,850 93.900 51,090 24,000 214,815 105, 010 215,981 69,890 141,900 7,950 215,280 13,700 38,780 64,070 291,940 10,200 10,025 53, 745 99,035 10, 893 154,275 49,905 228,210 6,350 5,550 152, 760 22,950 114,945 13,900 166,005 26,190 90,899 119,800 17,060 17, 670 22,362 94,184 10, 840 1, 296, 525 26,750 64,100 65. 610 30,250 5,900 73,885 35,490 111,000 30,920 11, 950 4,250 67, 325 11,400 11,200 11, 870 87,960 4,650 5,300 16, 135 30,895 9,607 64,825 9,325 88,920 2,350 4,900 32,040 9,050 25, 915 5,500 30,860 6,000 28,541 35, 695 3,800 13,300 9,893 23,350 3,800 203,340 8,250 34, 750 28.290 4,345 1,530 7,475 7,626 15,598 4,245 6,205 257 21,645 60 1,870 1,032 11,529 690 740 2,500 3,795 1,830 6,312 2,185 9,475 315 855 8,945 990 4,735 580 4,170 1,850 6,172 6,502 550 465 870 3,780 277 50, 877 3,000 3,630 4.945 Benton Boone -- Butler Callaway Cape Qirardeau - Carroll Cass Chariton .. _ Clay Clinton Cole Cooper Dade De Kalb Dunklin Franklin Gasconade Greene. Henry Howard . .. Howell Iron Jackson Jefferson Johnson Laclede .. . _ Lafayette Lawrence - Lewis Lincoln Linn Livingston Macon . . Marion Miller Mississippi Moniteau Monroe . Montgomery THE NEGRO FARMER 71 TABLE 38. — FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES — NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF SPECIFIED CLASSES OF FARM PROPERTY, BY STATES AND COUNTIES, 1930— Continued STATE AND COUNTY Number of farms Land in farms (acres) VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS Value of imple- ments and machinery Total Land alone Buildings Morgan MISSOURI — continued 13 998 17 1,891 7 61 151 6 29 54 11 44 6 21 9 96 150 21 268 15 7 37 40 1,057 30, 283 1,034 43, 026 356 3,126 11,217 725 2,644 3,297 1,068 2,244 328 766 785 8,836 6,738 1,665 14, 819 1,428 425 3,874 3,633 $38, 740 1, 727, 722 47, 820 3,357,153 10, 945 218, 365 387, 169 48, 150 116, 390 145, 930 60,200 117, 040 7,300 337,900 26,400 675, 990 348, 990 55, 635 860, 133 26, 940 7,850 77, 350 160,360 $29, 330 1, 483, 022 39, 370 2,828,611 7,145 157, 215 271, 637 40,850 93, 265 102, 105 51, 140 87, 055 4,850 297,050 15, 025 581, 550 286,245 40,635 739,688 15, 565 4,925 61, 225 127, 215 $9, 410 244,700 8,450 528, 542 3,800 61,150 115, 532 7,300 23,125 43,825 9,060 29,985 2,450 40,850 11, 375 94,440 62, 745 15,000 120, 445 11,375 2/925 16, 125 33, 145 $1, 766 60, 165 1,890 97,490 300 6,430 15,097 4,310 4,035 3,840 1,320 3,598 355 3,626 1,755 26, 414 10, 747 1,900 21, 216 1,525 300 4,745 6,184 New Madrid Newton Pemiscot - Perry Pettis Pike Platte Raljs Randolph ... Ray St Charles St Clair St. Louis . Ste Genevieve - - . Saline - - Scott . . Shelby Stoddard . Warren -. Washington Wright - Other counties • Total MONTANA 21 9,804 $115,084 $96, 699 $18, 385 $15, 590 Total NEBRASKA 38 9,216 $308, 080 $241, 190 $66, 890 $28, 434 Box Butte 7 5 26 3,241 2,022 3,953 139, 500 17, 670 150, 910 110,150 13,420 117, 620 29,350 4,250 33,290 17, 575 2,200 8,659 Cherry . . Other counties Total -. . . NEVADA 3 860 $44,000 $36, 500 $7,500 $1, 250 Total NEW HAMPSHIRE 6 814 $18,000 $5, 950 $12, 050 $2, 050 Total NEW JERSEY 372 19, 298 $2, 070, 400 $1, 142, 690 $927, 710 $173, 223 Atlantic 42 26 10 6 102 52 11 24 74 6 19 497 1,021 252 437 7,167 2,521 926 509 4,794 410 764 168, 800 153, 900 101, 800 39,200 442,400 279, 500 137, 200 114, 400 268,100 193,000 172, 100 85, 750 81,800 67,400 25,800 232,900 160, 750 99,700 62,390 129,300 113, 500 83,400 83, 050 72,100 34,400 13,400 209,500 118, 750 37,500 52, 010 138,800 79,500 88,700 8,640 15,300 3,675 1,450 46, 555 32, 835 6,200 12,700 31, 995 5,500 8,373 Burlington Cam den Cape May Cumberland Gloucester Mercer 1 Monmouth Salem Somerset Other counties 72 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE TABLE 38. — FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES — NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE; OF SPECIFIED CLASSES OF FARM PROPERTY, BY STATES AND COUNTIES, 1930 — Continued STATE AND COUNTY Number of farms Land in farms (acres) VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS Value of imple- ments and machinery Total Land alone Buildings Total NEW MEXICO 82 1 19, 883 2400,956 $365, 146 835, 810 $18, 187 Dona Ana 61 8 13 15, 714 244 3.925 332,226 41,000 27,730 304, 516 38,550 22,080 27, 710 2,450 5,650 13, 417 1,985 2,785. Eddy Other counties . Total NEW YORK 148 14,894 $875, 575 S399, 675 2475,900 $95, 725 Cayuga -- 5 5 5 20 8 5 6 6 6 6 78 524 599 969 2,841 933 448 214 674 120 486 7,086 24,300 22,100 28,400 180,580 45,120 24,800 6,775 10,200 88,500 19,400 425,400 6,000 6,100 11,500 80,280 23,720 14,000 2,575 3,700 71,900 9,100 170,800 18,300 16,000 16,900 100,300 21,400 10,800 4,200 6,500 16,600 10,300 254,600 3,300' 5,475 2,100- 20,000 10, 700- 1,910 1, 805 2,700- 3,200- 44,535 Chenango Dutchess Orange Otsego - Suffolk Tompkins Other counties Total NORTH CAROLINA 74,688 3, 296, 445 S153, 882, 635 8112, 647, 194 $41,235,441 id, 155, 245 681 92 43 1,635 84 18 865 1,914 1,070 404 90 176 609 105 231 41 1,265 304 937 9 411 11 1,389 966 715 1,180 173 190 260 1,509 523 2,282 314 1,616 693 36, 272 3,927 1,467 95, 441 2,830 434 22,568 110, 552 37,652 19, 072 3,049 6,139 32,805 3,421 13,122 2,085 85, 461 12, 318 59, 369 110 13, 572 493 48,381 32,138 28,129 42, 659 11,396 8,533 13,469 45,160 29,957 108,768 11,864 75, 402 28.201 1, 194, 238 132, 005 64,280 2, 523, 532 95, 214 33,850 1, 335, 891 4, 572, 460 1, 134, 455 385, 975 216, 400 219,908 1, 484, 668 108, 310 791, 150 71, 714 2, 293, 312 498, 723 1, 123, 331 3,750 851, 237 15,200 3, 620, 761 1, 387, 890 1, 327, 195 1, 952, 144 489, 750 364, 322 546,819 2, 250, 145 1, 126, 508 5, 541, 853 989, 818 2, 581, 810 1. 931. 338 803, 368 89,800 44,355 1, 782, 992 69,764 22,850 1, 005, 256 3, 298, 389 736, 243 246,340 156, 300 144,303 1, 133, 353 68,385 592, 525 56,664 1, 644, 812 357, 095 713, 026 2,000 596, 082 11, 575 3, 016, 190 970, 635 974,385 1, 365, 244 363, 510 265, 272 404,844 1, 502, 996 801, 393 4, 047, 402 797, 654 1, 774, 310 1. 498. 958 390, 870 42,205 19,925 740, 540 25,450 11,000 330,635 1, 274, 071 398, 212 139, 635 60,100 75,605 351, 315 39,925 198, 625 15, 050 648,500 141, 628 410, 305 1,750 255, 155 3,625 604,571 417, 255 352, 810 586,900 126, 240 99,050 141, 975 747, 149 325, 115 1, 494, 451 192, 164 807,500 432. 380 50, 344 4,97» 2,242 83,332 2,675 615- 42,313. 157,506 55,203 13, 672 3,91? 6,022 56,786 2,621 33, 715 2,190 86, 072 15,736 42, 227 30 23, 222 625 88,897 45,503 43, 387 70, 672 15, 174 9,023 17,240 66,033 30,879 251, 543 28,821 115,220 53. 525 Alexander Allegheny.* Anson Ashe Avery Beaufort Bertie - - Bladen Brunswick Buncombe Burke Cabarrus Caldwell C amden Carteret Caswell Catawba Chatham Cherokee Chowan Clav Cleveland Coliimhus Craven Cumberland Currituck Davidson Davie Duplin Durham Edgecombe Forsyth Franklin Gaston... THE NEGRO FARMER 73 TABLE 38. — FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES — NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OP SPECIFIED CLASSES OF FARM PROPERTY, BY STATES AND COUNTIES, 1930 — Continued STATE AND COUNTY Number of farms Land in farms (acres) VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS Value of imple- ments and machinery Total Land alone Buildings •Gates . NORTH CAROLINA— continued 538 1,575 1,473 554 3,305 910 9 59 1,205 1,145 336 762 52 1,252 610 450 1,559 399 63 43 22 1,043 1,360 6 324 433 2,575 48 2,442 518 491 203 427 845 438 1,173 2,985 137 324 821 2,685 834 614 492 1,719 1,211 158 295 206 5 97 1,178 1,153 2,244 1,896 296 12 1,722 241 1,725 114 16 4 27, 215 91, 393 42, 193 24, 984 181, 827 32, 730 344 2,020 75, 393 46,087 10, 989 34, 203 1,530 51, 101 29,2% 18, 458 56, 158 14, 322 3,344 1,334 239 46, 057 61, 657 185 15, 247 21,566 96,797 1,933 110, 452 20, 976 33,790 6,534 16, 732 24,086 22,601 60,688 92,120 8,615 17, 695 50, 076 92, 954 44, 251 27,819 25, 418 70,233 54, 185 8,359 14,684 8,247 664 4,335 49, 888 56, 559 98, 638 90,973 11, 484 620 66,248 9,712 58, 194 3, 345 328 124 $950, 737 2, 663, 593 3, 544, 346 1, 408, 282 7, 006, 530 1, 848, 032 20,700 116, 661 3, 192, 490 3, 078, 680 574, 953 1, 417, 050 66,460 2, 938, 317 1, 076, 105 702, 935 4, 117, 110 698,088 84, 270 41,550 16,500 2, 289, 920 4, 482, 941 4,250 386, 366 729,804 5, 746, 500 138, 825 5, 642, 535 813, 631 782, 220 285,988 1, 125, 800 865, 579 1,078,805 1, 751, 626 7, 383, 278 318,096 446, 675 1, 593, 843 5, 576, 296 1, 462, 317 1, 455, 850 1, 049, 377 2, 832, 626 3, 410, 910 245, 400 498, 312 401,288 11,900 160, 951 1, 865, 417 2, 102, 099 4, 517, 850 2, 560, 040 489, 325 17, 075 5, 268, 914 353,706 4, 726, 950 167, 675 13, 125 5,200 $663,027 1, 775, 848 2, 657, 088 1, 013, 792 5, 117, 396 1, 337, 312 14 218 ' $287, 710 887, 745 887,258 394,490 1, 889, 134 510, 720 6,482 28,950 756, 270 646, 425 90,639 330, 728 21, 555 775, 829 312, 485 214, 710 1, 033, 915 147, 320 26,885 11,500 5,275 592, 655 657, 122 1,120 114, 327 252, 115 1, 592, 985 29,785 1, 273, 137 223, 980 283, 321 60,535 215, 940 371, 474 290,645 577, 072 2, 201, 890 66,905 177, 635 463,600 1, 364, 540 392, 730 386, 820 290,068 822, 047 657, 675 62, 825 152, 655 115, 265 3,250 38, 110 545, 928 673, 280 1, 530, 690 865, 037 140, 370 3,625 1, 243, 500 111,955 1, 170, 707 42, 960 4,325 3,125 $29, 751 108, 824 90,239 35,765 362, 935 65,930 1,450 4,114 93,706 77, 547 20,580 40, 679 1,307 101, 285 46, 311 28,011 124,166 17,537 2,960 1,046 235 65, 675 67, 785 84 12, 450 24,636 199, 274 5,650 222,250 24,464 38, 367 5,842 29,526 41, 872 32, Oil 59, 317 290,221 5,823 23, 121 44,621 145, 954 43,520 48, 578 36, 893 81, 947 64,109 5,623 16, 102 10,463 300 4,894 45, 987 95, 549 137, 650 147, 697 12,565 195 128, 492 11, 592 139, 670 7,713 349 80 •Granville . •Greene Guilford Halifax. Harriett Haywoor) Henderson.- ... 87, 711 2, 436, 220 2, 432, 255 484, 319 1, 086, 322 44,905 2, 162, 488 763, 620 488,225 3, 083, 195 550,768 57,385 30,050 11,225 1, 697, 265 3, 825, 819 3,130 272, 039 477, 689 4, 153, 515 109,040 4, 369, 398 589, 651 498, 899 225,453 909,860 494, 105 788, 160 1, 174, 554 5, 181, 388 251, 191 269,040 1, 130, 243 4,211,756 1, 069, 587 1, 069, 030 759, 309 2, 010, 579 2, 753, 235 182, 575 345, 657 286,023 8,650 122, 841 1, 319, 489 1, 428, 819 2,987,160 1, 695, 003 348, 955 13, 450 4,025,414 241, 751 3, 556, 243 124, 715 8,800 2,075 Hertford Hoke . . Hyde- Iredell Jackson - Johnston Jones Lee.. Lenoir Lincoln ... McDowell . . Macon Madison Martin ... Mecklenburg Mitchell Montgomery Moore Nash . . _ . New Hanover Northampton Onslow _ Orange Pamlico Pasquotank .. . . Ponder Perquimans Person ... Pitt Polk Randolph . . Richmond Robeson .. Rockingham Rowan Rutherford Sampson Scotland Stanly Stokes Surry Swain Tyrrell Union Vance Wake Warren Washington Watauga... Wayne Wilkes Wilson Yadkin Yancey.. . Other counties 74 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE TABLE 38. — FARMS OPERATED BY NEGROES — NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OP SPECIFIED CLASSES OF FARM PROPERTY, BY STATES AND COUNTIES, 1930 — Continued STATE AND COUNTY Number of farms Land in farms (acres) VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS Value of imple- ments and machinery Total Land alone Buildings Total .. NORTH DAKOTA 10 2,565 m, 700 S47, 300 $15, 400 *7, 875 Total OHIO 1,229 92, 083 $5,434,735 $3, 571, 445 {1, 863, 290 1217,013 A