flic ISjSC. O 7. Issued September IS, 1915. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FOREST SERVICE. HENRY S. GRAVES. Fore.sier. FIRE PR 3 9424 05124 674 9 DISTRICT 1. FOR THE USE OF FOREST OFFICERS. (F. A. SiLCOX, District Forester.) SICK AG t IIE.V PKCC t SS i NG~C N E . pi-ei8G U.B.C. LIBRARY SD '121 U625 1915 " MINUTES COUNT." WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1915. MCM CONTENTS. General: Page- Purpose 9 Terminology 9 Importance 9 Normal fire season 10 Emergencv fire season 10 Weather data 10 Wind velocity 11 Forest fire plan 11 Fire survey 12 Protection standard 12 Fire cooperation 13 Organization: Scope of chapter 14 Skeleton force 14 Duty of skeleton force 15 The problem 15 District forester 15 District ranger 16 Fire- fighting forces 16 Project fires 16 Fire chief 16 Quartermaster 17 Relation of district ranger, fire chief, and quartermaster. . 17 Selection of patrol force 17 Instructions 18 Training 18 Discipline - 19 Inspection 19 Fires outside ranger district - 19 Prevention: Causes of fire 20 Railroads 20 Campers 20 Camp grounds 21 Brush burning 21 3 4 CONTEXTS. Prevention — Continued. Page. Incendiarism 21 Investigations 21 Signs and posters 22 News items 22 Personal appeal 22 Prosecution for violation of fire laws — Federal fire laws 23 Interpretation of Federal law 23 Idaho fire laws 24 Montana fire laws 25 Wliich law is applicable 25 Cooperation of State and county ofHciaLs 26 State laws only apply 26 Power of arrest — Montana law 27 Idaho law 27 Federal law 27 "Warrants 27 Procedure in making arresls — Notify district forester 27 Federal law 28 Complaint and warrant 28 Secretary's regulations 28 State law 28 Preliminary hearing 29 Evidence — Important points of evidence 29 Detection: Patrol 30 Analysis of risk 30 Classification of patrol 31 Primary patrol 31 Secondary patrol 31 Distri1)ution of patrolmen 32 Equipment for primary patrol 32 Ecpiipment for secondary patrol 33 Personnel 35 Qualifications 35 Communication 36 Lookout studies 36 Fire observatory 36 CONTENTS. O Control: ^^• Divisions of subject 37 Preparation- Central warehouses — Location and contents 37 Object 37 Policy 38 Officers in charge 38 How and when to order 38 Super\dsor's headquarters — Division of responsibility 39 Special forms 39 Inspection 39 Field- Tools 39 Tool caches 40 Contents 40 Tool reserves 40 Maximum limit on tools 41 Other equipment 41 Sharpening tools 41 To prevent rust - 41 Responsibility of ranger 42 Testing telephone lines 42 Mobilization — Graphic records 42 Employment of men — Methods 42 Selection 43 Cla.sses of men 44 Railway transportation - 44 Personal supplies 44 EmplojTnent records 44 How to order men 45 Project quartermaster — Division of duties 45 Quartermaster stores 46 Inventory 47 Filling orders 47 Food reserve in camps 47 Transi:)ortation service 47 Waybills 47 Fire fighters en route 48 Cost records 48 Disposition of surplus stock 48 /.-_. 6 CONTENTS. Control — Continued . Suppression — Methods of fire fighting — Strategy — Page. Size of crew 49 Location of camps 50 Trail to fire camp 50 Safety of fire camp 50 General perspective of fire 51 Plan of attack 51 Attack at the head 51 Attack on the flanks 52 Very large fire 52 ■ Natural fire breaks. 52 Tactics- Location of control lines 53 Control line adjacent to edge of fire 53 Away from edge of fire 53 When fire is too hot 53 To avoid difficult construction 54 To reduce the distance 54 Avoid highly inflammable debris 54 Avoid sharp turns 55 Eight-of-vray clearing 55 Disposal of material cut 55 Fire trench 56 Back-firing 56 How to back-fire 57 Use of water 58 Spray pimip 58 Force pimips 58 Gasoline engine and pump 59 Patrol of line 60 Finishing work on the line 60 When the fire is out 61 Fire fighting rales 61 Organization on fire line — Work to be accomplished 62 Extent of organization 63 Scout 8er^•ice 63 Inventory tools and supplies 63 Discipline 64 Camps 64 Arrangement of camp 64 CONTEXTS. 7 Control — Continued. Organization on fire line— Continued. Page. Camp rules 65 Camp foreman 65 Timekeeper 66 Crew foreman 66 Straw bos.% and subsequent reports as pro^•ided in the special instructions covering the procedure in such cases, should be sent to the euper\isor. Payment of fire fighters. The various means now employed to pay fire fighters are as follows : (1) Certification of time on a pay roll, Form 2, and paj-ment by the district fiscal agent by Government check. (2) Use of personal funds by forest officers and reimbursement on Form 4 supported by Form 4a receipts. (3) Paj-ment by Government check by a forest officer authorized to act as temporary special disbursing agent. (4) Cash payments by an authorized agent of the district fiscal agent. 72 FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. Other means of payment may be found which are better adapted to payment of comparatively email 8ums. The district fiscal agent will keep supervisors currently informed of any changes in procedure. Payment by pay roll. Fire fighters usually demand cash. If men are employed who are local residents and are able to wait a few days, time can be certified on a payroll and mailed to the district fiscal agent. Such payrolls will be given precedence over all others. Not more than one day'a time will ordinarily be required for auditing and preparation of checks. Personal funds. For comparatively small crews and in emergency the use of per- sonal funds is the only available means of providing cash pajTnents. Not more than |200 should ordinarily be included in one reimburse- ment account. Wherever feasible, a pay roll should be submitted a few days before the men leave the fire. Part payment by Govern- ment check will then be ready when the men come out, which will reduce the amount to be covered from personal funds. Special disbursing agents. Forest clerks, deputy supervisors, or some other forest officers may be appointed temporary special disbursing agents or special deputy fiscal agents. This requires a bond and some additional clerical work, but it obviates all difficulties in payment of men. Up to the limit covered by the bond a temporary special disbursing agent or special deputy fiscal agent is authorized to pay cash or issue Govern- ment checks in payment for services of temporary laborers. Re- quests for such authority should be made if payment of men can not under normal conditions be handled by the first two methods. Special paymasters. Where the payment of fire fighters assumes proportions exceeding the authority of the forest force to handle, a disbursing officer will be sent by the district fiscal agent. Immediate call should be sent to the district forester whenever such assistance is needed. FERE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. 73 Personal commissary. Tobacco, articles of clothing, and other articles of a personal nature will be furnished fire fighters, and the cost deducted from their wages. Proper entries will be made on the time slips for the guidance of the paymaster. The oflicer acting as quartermaster (or the employing officer) will make purchases of such supplies on pur- chase orders, on which the articles will be listed in detail. An agree- ment will be made with the merchant to return any undamaged articles not used. After the men are paid off and undamaged goods returned to the merchants. Form 5a vouchers will be prepared in payment for the net amount of such supplies used. Form 939c will be sent to the property auditor in the usual way. The exact number or amount of each article purchased will be shown on these forms. The goods will be handled as nonexpendable property. They will be invoiced by the quartermaster, and all transfers to timekeepers will be covered by receipt. The unit price of each article will be given on the invoice. Goods remaining after final settlement may be condemned and sold, condemned and destroyed, or held in storage for future use. The regular instructions governing disposition of property no longer needed will be followed. Goods lost or stolen will be accounted for on Form 858. Commissary prices. Articles of pei-sonal commissar}- will be sold to fire fighters at actual cost to the Government at the place of sale. Strict accounting. Each fire fighter who receives personal commissary will receipt for it on the commissary order blank. This includes forest ofiicers as well as temporary laborers; the former will afterwards settle with the quartermaster or directly with the merchant. After the fire, each timekeeper will turn over to the quartermaster the commissary order blanks for the goods sold, and will return the unsold goods. The quartermaster will receipt to the timekeeper for the goods rettirned and reUeve him of the responsibility for those sold. 74 FIRE PROTECTION IX DISTRICT 1. Final adjastment of commissary account. From the commissary order blank receipts the quartermaster will prepare a list showing the number of each article sold, for which deductions have been made from the wages of the men. This state- ment supported by the receipts will be sent to the property auditor to be checked against Form 939c. Form 858 for any balance unac- counted for will clear the record. Totals only will be checked by the property auditor. It will be unnecessary to segregate the goods purchased from each merchant. Deduct commissary from wages. If payment is made by pay roll (methods 1, 3. and 4) deductions for commissary will be shown on the pay roll. In the column headed "Amount"' will be given the net amounts due each man. The deductions will be given under "Remarks. " If Form 4 reim- bursement account (method 2) is used, show the net amount paid each man on Form 4 supported by Form 4a receipt on which will be shown the total amount due and the deductions for commissary. The fiscal agent is only interested in the total amount of the deductions, hence it will be unnecessary to show the list of articles on pay rolls and reimbursement accounts. Property. Careful invoice and receipts for nonexpendable property used in fire fighting will be insisted upon. The man who buys it or receives it from a warehouse must invoice it and secure a receipt for subse- quent transfers. The quartermaster will finally check up the status of property after the fire. A reasonable percentage of loss will be expected. Fire fighters will be charged with bedding and other valuable property loaned to them, and if not retiu-ned (except for a valid reason) the value of it will be deducted from their wages in the same manner as for personal commissary. Transportation accounts. A definite agreement in advance should be made with ever>' owner of transportation equipment hired. For pack animals a FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. 75 contract form has been pro\'ided. For wagons and automobiles a memorandum of agreement or terms should be "written out, one copy given the owner and the duplicate sent to the quartermaster or" supervisor. Wagons and teams will ordinarily be hired at a rate per day, or a rate per pound. Automobiles will preferably be hired at a rate per mile, fixed with reference to the condition of roads. Freight and express will be made on the regular Government bills of lading. REPORTS. Importance. One of the best preventive measm-es is to keep the public in- formed of fires burning and fires which have been extinguished. To do this, current up-to-date reports are needed. The reports also assist the supers'isor, the district forester, and the Forester in keeping in touch with the situation and in taking action to strengthen the or- ganization wherever it appears to be weakening. Prompt reports of every fire must be made by the forest officer who discovers it and by the man who puts it out. The report should not, of coiirse, inter- fere with control operations. Each supervisor is required to submit a report by wire and by mail every 10 days — on the 10th, 20th, and last day of each month. Essential points in report. The most important facts to be included in the 10-day report are the cause, the location of each fire, and the status of control oper- ations. The final report should show the elapsed time; that is, the time between the start and the disco ver\' (where known), between discovery and report to the officer responsible for action, between report and the first work on the fire, and between the first work and the extinguishment of the fire. Classification of causes. The standard classification for reporting the causes of forest fires adopted by the Service is as follows: Railroads. — Fires from sparks or cinders of all classes of locomotives and construction engines, and all other fires incidental to operations on, or to the occupancy of, the right of way of an established common 76 FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. canier railroad, or to railroad construction, or to clearing rights of ■way. Campers. — Fii-ee resulting in any manner from carelessness of campers, and travelers tlirough the Forest, such as stockmen, prospectors, picnickers, surveyors, berry pickers, hunters, and fishermen. Brush burning. — Fires caused by clearing lands for any purpose (other than for rights of "way for common carrier railroads, and brush burning in lumbering operations) or by rubbish, garbage, range, stubble, or meadow burning, and by burning out animals, insects, or reptiles. Lumbering. — Fires incidental to all lumbering operations, caused by sawmill engines, donkey engines, logging railroad locomotives (except on such logging railroads as are common carriers), and woods camps; through carelessness of employees engaged as wood choppers, brush burners, shake makers, etc., and by persons cutting free-use timber. Lightning. — Fires directly or indirectly caused by lightning, regardless of locality of origin. Incendiary. — All fires maliciously set, regardless of locality of origin. Miscellaneous. — Fires resulting from burning buildings, prairie fires, sparks from chimneys and stacks, other than those classified under railroads and lumbering; blasting, unless more properly classified under brush burning, railroads, or lumbering; electric wires, unless accompanied by lightning; spontaneous combustion, either chemical or mechanical. Unknown. — All fires the origin of which can not be determined in such degree of certainty as would justify their inclusion under any other head- Damage. The area of eveiy fire should be at least roughly ascertained. In addition, it is necessary to secure an estimate of the damage. In figuring the money value of the merchantable timber or forage bmned over, the market price per 1,000 board feet obtained in FIRE PROTECTION' IX DISTRICT 1. 77 timber sales, or the acreage value based on the grazing fees received, will be used. If the timber is inaccessible, the minimum stumpiige price fixed by the Secretary ^vill be used. For young growth (on land which will grow commercial timber, regardless of its accessi- bility), and for protection forest, use the figures given in the follow- ing table. The figures were obtained by: (1) Assuming that, of the area burned over in different tj-pes. the following proportions must be artificially planted: Type. Proportion. Lodgepole pine \ Yellow pine, fir, and larch | White pine and other merchantable f (2) Assuming a planting cost of $5 per acre. (3) Assuming costs of protection and administration, by tj'pes as follows : Cost per acre Tjpe. per year. Lodgepole pine 2 cents Yellow pine, fir, and larch 3 cents ^Tiite pine and other 4 cents The method used in computing value per acre for young growth is that given in the Standard Instructions for the Determination of Fire Damage to Young Growth, pages 6 and 7. ( See also Appendix.) The damage will be estimated in accordance with the per cent of area of young growth of each tj'pe burned over, using the figures in the following table: Value per acre for young growth. Age in years. Type. Lodgepole pine $1. 57 Yellow pine, tir, and larch 3.03 White pine and other merchantable | 4. 49 Protection forests and unmerchantable species S2.34 I $3.38 $4.77 4. 42 I 6. 28 S. 79 6. 49 I 9. IS 12. SO . 'Arbitrarily fixed at $1 per acre for all ages. APPENDIX. TERMS USED IN FIRE PROTECTION. DISTRICT 1. Accessibility. — Distance to any area from outside assistance, to- gether with the a^•ailable transportation facilities. The allotment of funds to any area for protection purposes depends upon its pro- tection value and its accessibility. Alidade. — An instrument used in determining the azimuth of fire from a given point. Base, supply. — The point to which supplies are brought by wagon, auto, or other vehicles, and from which they are taken to the fire camps, usually by pack horses. Board, fire map. — Board on which map containing azimuth circle is mounted and oriented when used to locate fires. Boss, straw. — The boss of a gang forming part of a crew, such, for example, as the mattock gang, ax gang, one unit of the patrol force, etc. Boy or buclt, water. — The man whose duty is to keep the men working on the fire line supplied with drinking water. Cabin, patrol. — A small cabin used as temporary quarters for patrolmen. Camp, supply. — {See Base, supply.) Camp, spilie or side. — A temporary fire camp, usually a small one and often located at points where it is impracticable to take horses. Circle, azimuth. — A circle, graduated in degrees, fixed on a map with its center at the point representing the position of the observer and with 0° and 360° due north of the occupied point. Control. — The preparation for fire fighting in advance of actual fires, getting to the fires after they are reported, and controlling them or putting them out after they are reached. Control may be di\dded as follows: Preparation control, transportation control, and suppression control. Control, under. — A fire that has been checked and in a condition that the work of actually putting it out can begin. Controllability. — Factors affecting suppression control of any par- ticular fire, e. g., physical features, length of dry weather, wind, temperature, stand, etc. 78 FIRE PROTECTIOX IX DISTRICT 1. 79 Control line. — ^The line from -which the fight against the fire is made. Not to be confused with the actual edge of the fire. Commissary. — All supplies for feeding, clothing, and comfort of fire fighters. Commissary charge. — A charge entered in the timebook in a space pro\'ided for such entn,% covering miscellaneous purchases not considered a part of theobligation of the employer to the laliorer, value of which is to be deducted from his labor, such as clothing, shoes, etc. Chasers, smoke. — The men stationed at central points whose duty it is to go immediately to fires reported by the patrol force. Chief, fire. — The active head of the fire fighting on any particular fire or portion of a fire. The man who plans and directs the fight and develops the organization. Chief, assistant fire. — Fire chief's assistant on a big fire. His duty is to assist in planning and directing the fight and particularly to look after the adminiitrative details. Cleric, commissary. — Quartennaster's clerical assistant. Clerk, property. — Assistant in the storehouse who fills orders approved by the quartermaster. Cook. — The head of the kitchen crew. Cook, assistant. — The cook's skilled helper. Cook, bull. — The cook's helper assigned to the task of getting wood and water and other odd jobs. Detection. — The finding and reporting of fires. Emergency, fire. — Any time during the fire season that an uncon- trolled fire, regardless of size, exists within or near a National Forest. Extinguished, or out. — A condition existing when no sign of smoke can be detected anj-where on the burned area for a period of three days; it rarely exists except after a rain. Equipment. — i'he general name for any paraphernalia used in fire protection. Equipment, bed. — Any equipment pertaining to sleeping accom- modations. Equipment, camp. — Any equipment pertaining to camp use other than that used in preparation of food. Equipment, fire fighting. — Any tools or instruments used in fire fighting. Equipment, kitchen. — Any equipment used in the preparation of food. Equipment, mess. — Any eqmpment pertaining to the serving of food after it is prepared. Equipment, pack. — A general term designating the paraphernalia used in any form of pack transportation. 80 FIEE PROTECTION IX DISTRICT 1. Fire, surprise. — A controlled fire set without the knowledge of the patrol force for the purpose of testing the efficiency of the detection organization. Fire, test. — A controlled fire set with the knowledge of the patrol force for the purpose of testing the efficiency of a lookout point, a patrol beat, or other vantage point on which a patrolman is placed. Firing, bacli.— Starting fires ahead of the main fire with the oliject of making a wide fire line. Always started from a road, trail, or previously constructed trench from which the direction of the back fire can be controlled. Fire line. — The territory' covered or immediately adjacent to the scene of operation on any fire or fires. Frequently used to mean the control line. Finance. — The securing, allotting, and final use of cash resources. Flunkey.— The cook's unskilled helper. His dutj^ is to wash dishes, prepare vegetables, etc. Foreman, camp. — The man in general charge of one camp, who directs all the operations of the men in that camp, subject to the general directions of the fire cliief . Foreman, crew. — The leader of a crew, either on construction or patrol. Front, fire or lire head. — That part of the fire which is advancing most rapidly. "Fuzzy stuff." — ^Any mossy or other highly inflammable under- growth. Guard, per diem. — A resident in or near a Forest under contract to report and fight fires at an agreed rate per day. Haze. — A general term applied to atmospheric conditions which reduce range of vision. Head, fire. — (See Front, fire.) Inflammability. — The combustible character of the ground and for- est cover as indicated by the rapidity with which fires normally spread during the dry season. (See Risk.) Liability. — Amount or value of destructible resources endangered by forest fires. Line, fire. — (See Fire line.) Line, control. — (See Control line.) List, ration. — A list of supplies in the form of a table showing the amounts and weights of food stuff required for any niunber of men for a specified number of days. Lookout, permanent. — A peak or tower on which a watchman is maintained constantly throughout the fire season. FERE PROTECTIOX IN DISTRICT 1. 81 Lookout, temporary. — A peak or tower on which a watchman is maintained only a part of the day or only for a portion of the fire eea.«on. Man, lookout. — Man stationed on a mountain top or other promi- nent phice to watch for tires. Map, fire. — Any map used to show graphically any data, plans, or problems related to fire protection. Observatory, Are. — A cabin located on the extreme top of a moun- tain, designated with especial reference to wide field of vision. Packer. — In general any man who travels with and as a part of a pack-train complement. Packer, head. — The packer who is responsible for the goods handled by a certain train, the condition of the hcrses in the train, the condition of the property in use, and the time made by the train fur which he is head packer. Pack master. — Man at main supply camp who inspects weights carried, pro\'ides feed for horses, routes trains, divides trains when division becomes necessarj-. Pack, emergency. — A pack kept always ready at a convenient place for use on a small fire; may be either man packs or horse packs. Emergency packs are usually made up of tools, food supplies, and cooking outfits. Paymaster. — Fiscal agent who issues checks or pays cash to the fire fighters. Patrol. — Any systematic plan put into effect for the detection and control of fires. Patrol, primary. (Heretofore known as "fixed patrol" or ''fixed risk patrol.") — Patrol where the sources of fire danger are fairly well fixed or located from previous experience, e. g., along rail- roads, or streams visited by a large number of campers. Patrol, secondary. (Heretofore known as 'blanket patrol.") — Patrol on areas where even the approximate location of fires can not be foretold and therefore necessarj- to give every part of the area equal attention. The best example is a lookout watchman. Period, patrol. — Time from control of a fire to the time of next general rain or until extinguished. Poster, fire. — A placard asking the help of the public in fire pre- vention, giving warning of danger and liab ility involved in starting fire. Point, supply. — Source from which supplies are purchased or labor is obtained. Usually a town located nearest the fire. 82 FIRE PROTECTION IX DISTRICT 1. Prevention. — ^Elimination or reduction of the sources or causes of fire. Profile, Koch. — A series of diagraniijiatic cross sections through the country included in the range of Adsion of a lookout, made for the purpose of studying the "seen " and "unseen " areas and compar- ing mathematically the range of \'ision of different points. First suggested by Elers Koch. Publicity work. — Any means of educating or interesting the public in the prevention, detection, and control of forest fires. Quartermaster. — The man in charge of the work of getting in men, supplies, and equipment. Headquarters usually at the supply camp. The qxiartermaster is usually independent of the fire chief, especially where he is supplying more than one fire. Quartermaster, assistant. — Administrative assistant to the quar- termaster. Ration. — Food supply sufficient for one man for one day. Rigging, paclf. — Pack equipage; the saddle blankets; cinch, cargo, and sling ropes; alforjas, mantas, pack covers, etc., necessan,' to properly furnish one horse. This varies with the style of saddle, packing, and goods to be handled. Risk. — Probability of fires starting, together with the rapidity with which the/ normally spread during the drj^ season. It is the source or origin and the inflammability. Route, or beat, patrol. — Line of travel followed V)y movable patrol. Rules, time. — A set of concise specific rules which cover employ- ment of all classes of labor. Scout. — A man who is detailed to the work of watching the progress of the fire and reporting any changes in beha\'ior. dangerous points, favorable points of attack, etc. Season, fire. — Period during which climatic conditions are such that there is danger of destructive forest fires. Season, normal fire. — A season during which weather conditions are normal or average. Season, emergency fire. — A season during which weather condi- tions are more unfavorable than the average, and the number and size of fires requires the close supervision of more men than pro- ^■ided by the regular protective force. Smoke, drift. — The shifting of smoke that arises from a fire below the line of sight from a lookout or patrol route. Smoke, drifted in. — Smoke drifted in from another region or dis- trict. FIEB PROTECTION' TX DISTRICT 1. 83 "Swinging logs." — Changing the position of logs on a hillside so as to prevent them from rolling across the fire trench. Timekeeper. — The man who keeps a record of the time of each fire fighter, and does other clerical work incidental to a fire camp. Train pacli. — A string of horses with head packer, packers, and full equipage for all horses. Trencli or trail, fire. — That portion of the fire line from which the duff, rotten wood, and roots are removed, exposing the mineral soil. Tower, lookout. — A platform or small house elevated so as to place it aliove nearby objects which limit the field of vision. Value, protection. — Value of destructiljle resources, together with the risk to which they are subject. If it could be so expressed, it would be the product of the liability multiplied by the risk. Vision, range of. — Territory- that can be seen from a lookf)ut station or patrol beat . Vision, maximum effective. — The maximum territory which can be seen from a lookout point with sufficient clearness and cer- tainty under normal fire conditions to make sure that everj' fire can be reported in its early stages. Warden, fire. — An officer empowered by the State or other organi- zation to take action to control forest fires. A title which applies particularly to State and fire association guards. IDAHO FIRE LAWS. Act of March 15, 1909, repeals sec. 1612 and amends sees. 1604, 1605, 1607, 1609, and 1610, Code of 1907 (p. 227 Laws 1909). Sec. 1607 as amended, further amended by act February 14, 1911 (p. 341 Laws 1911). Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Idaho: Section 1. That section 1604, chapter 4 of title 9 of the Political Code of the State of Idaho be amended to read as follows: ' ' Sec. 1C04. The State board of land commissioners of the State of Idaho shall divide the State into districts to be known and desig- nated as fire districts, having due regard in establishing the bounda- ries thereof to the area of forests or timber lands therein; they shall appoint, upon the application of any owner or owners of land or other property within the State, one fire warden within each of the dis- tricts of the State, and such fire wardens, so appointed, shall be paid by said property owners apphdng for the appointment of the same, and shall in no case be paid by the State, except as hereinafter pro- vided. All such appointments shall be made for one year, unless sooner revoked, and the State board of land commissioners may at any time revoke any such appointment, upon good cause shown. The fire wardens, so appointed, shall appoint as deputy fire wardens, within their respective districts, such persons as shall be designated by such owners of land or other property, who shall also be paid by the person or persons securing their appointment. Their employ- ment shall not be for any definite time, and they shall be discharged immediately by the fire warden of their district upon the request of such person or persons at whose instance they were appointed. The fire warden and deputy fire wardens shall have and exercise police powers while engaged in performing the duties of their respective ofiices: Provided, That the State board of land commissioners shall prepare an abstract of the penal laws relating to forest and prairie fires, together with proper regulations and suggestions for the preven- tion and control thereof, and before April first in each year shall for- ward printed copies to all fire wardens, railroad companies, and chair- men of county boards. The wardens shall post such abstract in numerous conspicuous places in their respective districts." 84 FIRE PROTECTIOX IN DISTRICT 1. 85 Sec. 2. That section 1605, chapter 4 of title 9 of the Political Code of the State of Idaho be amended to read as follows: "Sec. 1605. The fire warden shall enforce the provisions of this act. They, and the depxity fire wardens shall patrol their di.stricts in dry seasons. They shall promptly investigate each prairie and forest fire within their respective districts. Each fire warden shall make an annual report to the State board of land commissioners of the fires within his respective district, together with the cause thereof, the property destroyed and its value, the lives lost, if any, and the means used to combat such fire, and any additional facts required by the State board. Each warden shall cooperate with the warden in the adjoining district, and, in his absence, a.ssume control therein. Each may arrest, without warrant, any person found vio- lating any provisions of this act, and take him before a magistrate and there make complaint; and, when a warden shall have information that such violation has been committed, he shall make similar com- plaint. Wardens shall go to the place of danger to control or prevent fires, and, in emergencies, may employ or compel assistance, and the compensation for such service compelled shall not exceed two dollars and fifty cents ($2.50) per day, exclusive of subsistence and rea.sonable traveling expenses." Sec. 3. Any person, firm, or corporation engaged in the cutting and removing of timber, logs, ties, telegraph poles, wood, or other forest products from lands within the State of Idaho, shall pile and burn or otherwise dispose of the br.sh, hmbs, tops, and other waste material incident to such cutting, which are four inches or under in diameter, and the times and methods of so doing shall be prescribed by the warden of the fire districts in wliich said cutting shall be done. Any penson. firm, or corporation violating the provi.sions of this act or ref'ising to conform to any riles made by the warden of any fire district of the State of Idaho relative to the time, place, and manner of burning or disposing of brish. limbs, tops, and other waste material incident to the cutting of timber, logs, ties, telegraph poles, wood, or other products, shall be g'lilty of a misdemeanor and upon convic- tion thereof be subject to a fine of not less than one h'lnjjred ($100) dollars nor more than five hundred ($500) dollars, or be imprisoned in the county jail of the county in which the offense occurs, for not less than thirty days and not to exceed six months, or be subjected to both s'lch fine and imprisonment. Section 1. Section 1607 of the Re\T.sed Codes of Idaho is hereby amended to read as follows: "Sec. 1607. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or coi-pora- tion to use any spark emitting locomotive, logging engine, portable 86 FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. engine, traction engine, or stationaiy engine located in a timber dis- trict, without tlae use of a good and effacient spark arrester. Any person, firm, or corporation who shall fail to provide and use such spark arrester upon any engine, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall pay a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars (§25) nor more than one hundred dollars ($100) for each day that such engine or locomotive is so used. •"(Approved Feb. 14, 1911.)" Sec. 5. The period from June first to October the first in each year shall be known as the closed season, during which time it shall be unlawful for any camper, farmer, logger, or other indi\'idual, firm, or corporation to set out or cause to be set out, fires in slashings, down or fallen timber, or on timber lands or in tne vicinity of grain fields, for the purpose of clearing land of brush, grass, or other in- flammable material without first obtaining a permit in writing, or print, from the fire warden of the district as pro\dded in section 3 of this act, and at no time shall any fire be set out when the wind is blowing to such an extent as to cause danger of the same getting beyond the control of the person setting out such fire, or without sufficient help present to control the same; and the same shall be watched by the person setting the fire until the same is out. Any person violating any of the pro^^sions of this section shall be pun- ished by a fine of not less than one hundred ($100) dollars, nor more than three hundred ($300) dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail not less than one month nor more than six months: Provided, That this section shall not apply to any person or persons setting out back fires for the purpose of stopping or checking a fire then bum- ia^. The fire warden shall keep a complete copy of permits issued. Sec. 6. That section 1610, chapter 4 of title 9 of the Political Code of the State of Idaho, be amended to read as follows: "Sec. 1610. Every person, firm, or corporation operating a rail- road shall keep the ground for fifty feet on each side of the center of the track, or such portion thereof as may be owned or controlled by such person, firm, or corporation, clear of combustible materials, ex- cept ties and other materials necessary for the maintenance and operation of the road, from June first to October first of each year. No person, firm, or corporation shall permit any of his or its employees to leave a deposit of fire, live coals, or ashes in the immediate vicinity of woodland or lands liable to be overrun by fire, and every engineer, conductor, trainman, or section man discovering fire adjacent to the' track shall report the same promptly at the first telegraph or tele- phone station reached by him. At the beginning of the close season FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. 87 every such person, firm, or corporation shall give his or its employees particular instruction for the prevention and extinguishment of fires, and shall cause warning placards to be conspicuously posted at every station within this State, and when a fire occurs near the line of his or its road , shall concentrate such help and adopt such measures as shall be available for its extinguishment. Any person, firm, or corporation violating any pro^■ision3 of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subjected to a penalty of not more than one hundred ($100) dollars for each offense, and any railroad employee \'iolatiag the same shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished by a fine of not less than five ($5) dollars nor more than fifty ($50) dollars." Code of 1907: Sec. 1606. It shall be the duty of the fire warden of each fire dis- trict to issue written or printed permits during permit season to any and all persons named in an application to set out fires. Said appli- cation shall state the general description of the land upon which it is desired to set out fires and the extent of the slashing or burning desired to be burned. Said permit season shall be from June first to October fii-st of each year. Said permit shall fix the time for set- ting out fires on any three consecutive days therein named, and not less than ten days from the date of such permit, and such fires shall be set at no time when the wind is blowing to such an extent as to cause danger of the same getting beyond the control of the person setting out said fire, or without sufficient help present to control the same, and the said fire shall be watched by the person setting out the fire until the same is out. Upon granting said permit the fire warden shall be present at said proposed burning, or notify, at the earliest possible moment, some qualified and acting deputy fire war- den in the vicinity of said proposed burning to be present thereat, and upon ^ood cause may revoke or postpone said permit upon notice to said applicant. Sec. 1608. Every warden or deputy warden, and every person lawfully commanded to assist in enforcing any of the pro^-isions of this chapter, who shall unjustifiably refuse or neglect to perform his duty ; every person who shall kind le a fire on or near to forest or prairie land and leave it unextinguished, or be a party thereto; every per- son who shall use other than incombustible wads for firearms, or carry a naked torch, fire brand, or exposed light in or near to forest land; and every person who shall deface, destroy, or remove any ab- stract or notice posted under this chapter, shall be guilty of a mis- 88 FIRE PROTECTIOX IN DISTRICT 1. demeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten dollars nor more than one hundred dollars. Sec. 6921. Any person who shall "wilfully or carelessly set on fire, or cause to be set on fire, any timber or prairie lands in this State, thereby destroying the timber, grass, or grain on such lands, or any person who shall build a camp fire in any woods, or on any prairie, or any railway company which shall permit any fire to spread from its right of way to the adjoining lands, is guilty of a misdemeanor. Sec. 7195. For the purpose of protecting the wild game of the State it is absolutely necessary to protect the forests of the State from the ravages of fire, and it is hereby made unlawful and a mis- demeanor for any person or persons to willfully or maliciously set on fire, or cause to be set on fire, any timber, underbrush, or grass upon the public domain, in this State, or leave or suffer fire to bum imat- tended near any timber whereby such timber is set on fiie, and upon couAiction thereof the offender shall be punished by fine not exceed- ing tliree hundred dollars, or imprisonment in the county Jail for a period not exceeding six months, or by both such fine and imprison- ment. FEDERAL FIRE LAWS. Criminal Code of March 4, 1909 (36 Stat., 1088, 1098, and 1099). Sec. 52. "^Tioever shall willfully set on fire, cr cause to be set on fire, any timber, underbrush, or grass upon the public domain, or shall leave or suffer fire to bum unattended near any timber or other inflammable material, shall be fined not more tlian five thousand dollars, or imprisoned not more than two years, or both. Sec 53. Whoever sliall build a fire in or near any forest, timber, or other inflammable material upon the public domain, or upon any Indian resen'ation, or lands belonging to or occupied by any tribe of Indians imder the authority of the United States, or upon any Indian allotment while the title to the same sliall be held in trust by the Government, or while the same shall remain inalienable by the allottee without the consent of the United States, shall before leaving said fire, totally extinguish the same; and whoever shall fail to do so shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars, or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. (As amended by act June 25, 1910, 36 Stat., 855, 857.) FIRE PROTECTION IX DISTRICT 1. 89 MONTANA FIRE LAWS. Act of March 4, 1909 (Laws of 1909, pp. 293-296). Sec. 10. The State forester sliall, under the direction and control of the State board of land commissioners, * * * have charge of all fire warders of the State, and direct and aid them in their duties; direct the protection and improvement of State parks and forests; take such action as is authorized by law to prevent and extinguish forest, brush, and grass fires; enforce the laws pertaining to forest and brush covered lands, and prosecute for any Adolation of such laws. * * * He shall furnish notices, printed in large letters on cloth, calling attention to the danger from forest fires, and to the forest fire and trespass laws and their penalties. Such notices shall be posted by the fire wardens in conspicuous places in the several coimties of the State, and particularly in brush and forest covered country, at frequent intervals along streams and lakes frequented by tourists, hunters and fishermen, at established camping sites and in every post office in the forested region. Sec. 11. The State forester shall appoint in such number and localities as he deems wise, public-spirited citizens to act as vohmteer fire wardens. Every sheriff, under sheriff, deputy sheriff, game warden and deputy game warden, shall be ex officio a fire warden * * * . Tlie su'per^iso^s an d rangers of the Federa I forest reserves within this State, whenever they formally accept the duties and responsibilities of fire wardens, may be appointed volunteer fire wardens, and shall have all the powers given to fire wardens by this act. The fire wardens shall promptly report all fires to the State board of forestr\-, take immediate and active steps toward their extinguishment; report any \-iolation of forest laws: and assist in apprehending and conAictins offenders. Sec 12. The State forester and all fire wardens shall have the power of peace officers to make arrests without warrants for viola- tions, in their presence, of any State or Federal forest laws, and no fire warden shall be liable for civil action for trespass committed in the discharge of his duties. Any fire warden who has informa- tion which shows with reasonable certainty that any person has A-iolated any provision of such forest laws shall immediately take action agaitist the offender by making complaint before the proper magistrate or by information to the proper county attomev. and shall obtain all possible evidence pertaining thereto. Failure on the part of any paid fire warden to comply with the duties prescribed 90 FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. in this act shall be a misdemeanor and punishable by a fine of not less than twenty dollars nor more than one thousand dollars, or imprisonment in the county jail for not less than ten days nor more than twelve months, or by both such fine and imprisonment; and upon his con\action the district court wherein he is convicted shall forthwith declare liis office vacant and notify the proper appointing power thereof. Sec. 13. All fire wardens shall have authority to call upon any able-bodied citizens between the ages of eighteen and fifty years, resident in the vicinity, for assistance in puting out fires, and any such person who refuses to obey such summons, except for good and sufficient reasons, is guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction, shall be fined in a sum not less than fifteen nor more than fifty dol- lars, or imprisonment in the county jail not less than one nor more than thirty days, or both such fine and imprisonment: Provided, That no citizen shall be called upon to fight fire a total of more than five days in one yeai-. Sec. 14. The State forester, assistant forester, and all fire wardens (except volunteer wardens), under such rules and regulations as the State board of land commissioners may provide, shall protect the thnber of the State, and especially the timber owned by the State, from destruction by fire, and for such purpose, in emergen- cies, may employ men and incur other expenses when necessary: Provided, That no fire warden shall incur any expense in excess of fifty dollars without express authority of the State board of land commissionere. Sec. 16. Any person who shall destroy, deface, remove, or dis- figure any sign, post, or warning notice posted under the provisions of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and punishable upon conviction by a fine of not less than fifteen dollars and not more than two hundred and fifty dollars, or imprisonment in the county jail for a period of not less than ten days nor more than three months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Code of 1907: 4360. Fire guards. — That every raih-oad corporation operating it3 lines of road or any part thereof within this State shall, between the fifteenth day of April and the first day of July in the year 1903 and each succeeding year thereafter, plow in a good and workmanlike manner, covering the sod well, upon each side of its line of road wherever it passes through a range or grazing country-, a continuous strip of not less than six feet in width on each side of its track, as a FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. 91 fire guard, •which said strip shall, as near as practicable, run parallel with the line or lines of said raihoad, and, in addition to said plowing, said railroad company shall cause to be burned between the fifteenth day of July and the fifteenth day of September of each year all the grass and vegetation between the said plowed strips and a line of fifty (50) feet inside said plowed strips: Provided, Thatsuch fire guard so plowed and burned need not be constructed within the limits of any town, vil- lage, or city, nor in private fields under cultivation, nor along the line of such raihoad whenever the same runs through the mountains, or elsewhere where such plowing or burning would be impracticable: And -provided furthg- , That said fire guard, or portion thereof, need not be plowed or burned on or through any land which may be released from the operation of this act by the board of county com- missioners of the county wherein^ such land ia situated by their written certificate of release filed in the office of the county clerk of the said county: Provided further , That said plowing be not less than tliree hundred (300) feet from the center of the railroad track on each side of same, except in cases of culti\^ted fields, and then such plowing and burning shall be done closer to such railroad, but not less than seventy feet from the center of the track. (Act ap- proved Mar. 5, 1903, sec. 1; 8th sess., chap. 63.) 4361. County cominissioners viay plow guard and recover expense. — That if any railroad company fails to comply with any of the pro- visions of section 1 of this act the board of county commissioners of the county wherein such ^dolation occurs shall cause the neglected plowing or burning or both therein provided for, to be done, and may in a suit to be brought in their name, as said board, in the district coiut ha^dng jurisdiction, recover double the amount of the cost of such plowing or burning or both, with reasonable attorney fees to be fixed by the com-t, and such railroad company shall be liable further for all damages caused by its failure to comply with this act. (Act approved Mar. 5, sec. 2.) (8th sess., chap. 63.) 8768. (Sec. 1071.) Setting fire to timber, etc., negligently. — Every person who carelessly sets fire to any timber, woodland, or grant, except for useful or necessary purposes, or who at any time makes a camp fire, or lights a fire for any pm-poses whatever without taking sufiicient steps to secure the same from spreading from the immediate locality where it is used, or fails to extingiiish such fire before leaving it, is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year, or by fine not exceeding two thousand dollars, or both. 8769. (Sec. 1072.) Setting fires to timber, etc., vialiciously. — Every person who wantonly or designedly sets fire to any timber, 92 FIRE PROTECTION IX DISTRICT 1. woodland, or grass, or maliciously fails to extinguish a fire after making the same for a necessary purpose, before leaving it, is pun- ishable by imprisonment in the State prison not exceeding five years, or by fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, or both. ARRESTS. sample complaint. United States op America. Northern District op California, City and County of San Francisco. Before me, H. M. Wright, a United States commissioner for the northern district of California, at San Francisco, personally appeared this day John Doe, who being first duly sworn, deposes and says: That in the State and northern district of California, on or about the 8th day of July, 1911, PacHARD Roe in violation of section 52 of the Criminal Code of the United States, and witliin the jurisdiction of this honorable court, did then and there willfully, unlawfully, and knowingly set on fire and cause to be set on fire timber, underbrush, and grass upon the public domain of the United States of America within the limits of the Plumas National Forest whereby he did burn and destroy large quantities of timber, underbrush, and grass covering large portions of the Plumas National Forest. Against the peace and dignity of the United States of America and contrary to the form of the statute of the said United States of America in such case made and provided. Subscribed and sworn to before me this day of Commsssioner aforesaid. SAMPLE WARRANT. The President of the United States of America to the marshal and deputy marshal of the central district of Idaho greeting: "Wiereas complaint upon oath has this day been made before me by , charging and alleging that , late of , in said FIBE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. 93 district, heretofore, to wit, on day of , at the district aforesaid - coutrarv to the act of Congress in such case made and provided, which complaint is hereto attached; yon are therefore hereby commanded that you shall take the said if he shall be found within your district, and him safely keep, so that you may bring him before me, the United States commissioner for the central district of Idaho, under and by virtue of the several acts of Confess in such case made and provided, at my office in , in said district, to be dealt with according to law. Witness my hand and seal tliis day of , in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and U. S. Commissioner for Central District of Idaho. SAMPLE MITTIMUS. XlNriED States of America. . . . . , District of Division, ss. The President of the United States of America to the marshal of the district of and to the keeper of the jail of , in the State of , meeting: "UTiereas ha been arrested upon' the oath of for having, on or about the day of 1911, in said district, in violation of section of the Revised Statutes of the United States, unlawfully. '. And after an examination being this day had by me, it appearing to me that said offense had been committed, and probable cause being shown to believe said committed said offense as charged, I have directed that said to be held to bail in the sum of -S ...... , to appear at the first day of the next term of the court of the United States for the district of division at. and from time to time thereafter to which the case may be continued, and he having failed to give the required bail: Now these are therefore, in the name and by the authority afore- said, to command you, the said marshal, to commit the said . . to the cuBtody of tiie keeper of said jail of and to leave with said 94 FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. jailor a certified copy of this writ; and to command you, the keeper of said jail of said county, to receive the said , prisoner of the United States of America, into your custody, in said jail, and him there safely to keep until he be discharged by due course of law. In witness whereof I have hereto set my hand and seal at my office in said district, this day of , A. D. 19... [seal.] , United States Commissioner for said District of , Division. RETURN. Received this mittimus with the within-named prisoner on the day of , A. D. 19. . , and on the same day I committed the said prisoner to the custody of the jail keeper named in said mittimus, with whom I left at the same time a certified copy of the mittimus. Dated ,19... United States Marshal, District of SAMPLE SUBP(ENA. United States of America, District of , ss: The President of the United States of America, to the marshal of the district of , Greeting: You are hereby commanded to summon if be found in your bailiwick, to be and appear before me, , a United States commissioner for the district of aforesaid, at my office on the day of 19 . . , at o'clock . . m., to give testimony, and the truth to say, in a cause pending before me, wherein the United States is complain- ant and defendant. In behalf of Hereof fail not, under the penalty of the law, and have you then and there this writ. Given under my hand, this day of A. D. 19. . . United States Commissions as aforesaid. FIRE PROTECTION TN niSTRlCT 1. 95 CONTENTS OF EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION KITS. 1-A kit will contain — 1 ring down portable telephone. 1 extra dry battery (No. 703 Everready tungsten). 2 half-pound rolls of tape. J pound 8d. wire nails. 1 small screw driver. 1 pair 6-inch pliers, side cutting. 1 portable ground rod. 1 pay-out and take-up reel. 6 spools (3 miles) No. 20 gauge emergency wire. 1-B kit will contain — 1 ring down portable telephone. 1 extra dry battery (No. 703 Everready tungsten). 1 portable ground rod. 6 spools (3 miles) No. 20 gauge emergency wire. 1 howler mounted on backboard with condenser and two bind- ing posts. 1-A and 1-B kits will be used from permanent telephone lines and the main fire camp. . •„ , , The second type of emergency-commumcation kit will be known as 1-X and 1-Y. 1-X kit will contain — 1 Adams portable telephone. 1 extra dry battery (No. 705 Everready tungsten). 2 half-pound rolls of tape. J pound of 8d. wire nails. 1 small screw driver. 1 pair 6-inch pliers, side cutting. 1 portable ground rod. 1 pay-out and take-up reel. 6 spools (3 miles) No. 20 gauge emergency wire. 1 howler mounted on backboard with condenser and two bind- ing posts. 1-Y kit will contain — 1 Adams pocket portable telephone. 1 extra drv batterv (No. 705 Everready tungsten). 6 spools (3" miles) ISTo. 20 gauge emergency wire. 1 howler mounted on backboard with condenser and two bind- ing posts. 1 portable ground rod. 96 FIRE PROTECTION IX DISTRICT 1. INTERNATIONAL CODE. Heliograph. Wigwag. Heliograph. Wigwag. A ._ 12 N . 21 B 2111 0 222 C 2121 P . . 1221 D 211 Q . 2212 E . 1 R . . 121 F 1121 s , , , lil G 221 T 2 H 1111 U . , 112 I . . 11 V ... 1112 J 1222 W . 122 K 212 X . . 2112 L 1211 Y . __ __ 2122 M 22 Hellogragh. Z * * 2211 Wigwag. End of word Hesitate. 3 End of sentence . . . . 33 End of messas;e , , , , , , — _ v^ • • • 333 Acknowledgmenl , or 0( , K ) 22 22 3 I understand Repeat last word R(. _ .) R(._ -.) 121 121 33 Repeat last message R . R ._ _R 121 121 121 333 Wait a moment 1111 3 Signal faster ^ 2212 3 Cease signaling 22 22 22 9,9A ABBREV] [ATIC >NS. A =After R = =Are Wi= =With North =N B ^Before T = =The Y - -Yes South =S C =Can U = =You F = Fire East =E H =Have Ur= =Your West =W Starting to send a message: Just as you start to send a message after adjustment has been made, send a period two dots two dashes two dots. Receiving station will then know that the regular message is about to start. FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. 97 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES. Class A. — Small fires which l)urn not more than one-fourth acre. Class B. — Fires which burn over more than one-fourth acre but not more than 10 acres. Class C. — Fires which burn over more than 10 acres. Class C fires are divided further into: Clans C-1. — Fires that inflict damage amounting to less than .$100. Class C-2. — Fires that do more than $100 worth of damage but less than $1,000. (loss C-3. — Fires that inflict damage to an amount greater than $1,000. FORMULA FOR COMPUTING VALUE OF FIRE-KILLED REPRODUCTION; COST OF REPLACEMENT METHOD. i?=CXl-Op"»+-^ n.OpTO — 1), where i?=Cost of replacement or value per acre for any given type. C=Cost of blanting or seeding; $5 per acre, which does not include cost of replanting fail spaces. /)=Rate of interest, 3 per cent. ??!= Number of years necessary to replace the stand. e=Annual expenses for protection and administration per acre per year; 2 cents for lodgepole type; 3 cents for yellow pine, fir, and larch; 4 cents for white pine, etc. COST OF FIRE LINE CONSTRUCTION. Conditions. "\Miere the timber runs from 5,000 to 10,000 feet per acre, moder- ately open, such as larch-fir type or open stand of lodgepole Line, with easy slopes, scanty underbrush, soil with few rock, a crew of 50 men properly organized can clear a mile of control Line of all inflammable material 50 feet wide and dig a trench 3 feet in width to mineral soil in a 12-hour day. In rocky, rough country with shallow soil, where control lines must be constructed up steep inclines and in heavily timbered brushy 842°— 15 7 98 FIRE PROTECTION IX DISTRICT 1. bottoms "with much windfall, this work must necessarily go slower and the cost per mile increase in proportion. Cost figures taken from actual control-line construction show that under the conditions as outlined above the lines should cost between $250 and $500 per mile. Placing the average expense per man per day at from $5 to $8, according to accessibility of the fire, and an average of 1 mile of construction per day per 50-man crew, would make the cost from $250 to $400 per mile. If the average construction falls to half mile of line per day, cost naturally increases to from $500 to $800 per mile. CREW. Results of efficient organiTation. One foreman, 2 straw bosses, 12 axmen, 4 sawyers, 22 mattock men, 4 shovel men, and 1 tool grinder. Total, 46 men. Organiza- tion only fair; men working too close together. Super\asion poor. Distance to walk to fire, 50 chains. Cost of 1 mile of line, $282. Crew reduced to 1 foreman, 3 straw bosses, 6 axmen, 4 sawyers, 10 mattock men, 2 shovel men, and 1 tool giinder. Total, 27 men. Well organized, men properly distributed, Uttle lost motion. Worked 55 minutes, rested 5 minutes. Cost of 1 mile of line, $184. Reduction in cost of work, 35 per cent. Crew: 1 foreman, 3 straw bosses, 4 axmen, 2 sawyers, 8 mattock men, 1 shovel man, 1 tool grinder. Total, 20 men. This was a picked crew of seasoned men, well organized, close supervision, worked 25 minutes and rested 5, which gave men incentive to exert greater effort. All straw bosses worked, acting as heads of their respective crews. Cost of 1 mile of line, $130. The reduction in cost of work is 54 per cent. In this instance the ground cover was a Little less dense than in the previous examples. From this is seen that for efficient handling of the crew it is neces- sary to have at least one straw boss to every 6 or 8 men, with one fore- man to 3 straw bosses. Also rest periods on a ratio of 1 to 5 are advisable. FIRE PROTECTION IX DISTRICT 1. RATION LIST. 99 lOO-rationlist. Rations for 10 day 3. Article. Imp. crew. Fire crew. 5 men. 10 men. 20 men. somen. BreadstufTs: IJlbs.. 2 lbs... 10 lbs.. 80 lbs.. 201bs.. 10 lbs.. 5 lbs... Jib... 2pkgs. 21bs.. 10 lbs., lib.... 30 cans 5 lbs... 2 lbs... 5 lbs... 5 lbs... IJlbs.. lib.... 5 lbs... 80 lbs.. 20 lbs.. 12 J lbs. 5 lbs... Jib... 2pkgs. lib.... 12 lbs., lib.... 36 cans 5 lbs... 2 lbs... 5 lbs... 5 lbs... 2 lbs... Jib.... Jib.... 3 lbs... 50 lbs.. 25 lbs.. 5 lbs... 31bs... 1 lb . . . Ipkg.. Jib.... 6 lbs... lib.... 18 cans 5 lbs... lib.... 2AIbs.. 5ibs... IJlbs.. lib.... 5 lbs... 100 lbs. 50 lbs.. 10 lbs.. 5 lbs... lib... 2pkgs. lib.... 12 lbs., lib.... f case. 10 lbs.. 21bs... 5 lbs... 51bs... 3 lbs... 2 lbs... 10 lbs.. 200 lbs lOOlbs. 251bs.. 10 lbs., lib... 4pkgs. 21bs... 25 lbs.. 2 lbs... 1 J cases 10 lbs.. 4 lbs... lOlbs.. 10 lbs.. 7 J lbs. Corn starch 5 lbs. Crackers 25 lbs. Flour (white) 400 lbs. Flour (graham) 250 lbs. Lard 60 lbs. Salt 25 lbs. Soda 3 lbs. Yeast cakes Spkgs. Beverages: Cocoa 5 lbs. Coffee 60 lbs. Tea 5 lbs. Milk 4 cases. Cereals: Corn meal 25 lbs. Cream of wheat 10 lbs. Rice . . 25 lbs. R(jlled oats 25 lbs. Fruits: Apricots (dried) lib.... 3 lbs... 5 lbs... 2 lbs... 5 lbs... 100 lbs 20 lbs.. 2 lbs... 51b ... 10 lbs., lib.... 20 lbs.. 75 lbs.. 50 lbs.. lib.... 2Jlbs.. 5 lbs... lib.... 10 lbs.. 35 lbs.. 25 lbs.. 2 lbs... 5 lbs... 10 lbs., lib.... 20 lbs.. 75 lbs.. 50 lbs.. 5 lbs... lOlbs.. 20 lbs.. 2 lbs... 40 lbs.. 150 lbs. lOOlbs. 10 lbs. Apples (dried) 25 lbs. Prunes (dried) lOOlbs. Raisins 5 lbs. Meats: Bacon lOOlbs. Beef ' 375 lbs. Ham J 250 lbs. Mutton > Spices and extracts: 2ozs... riTinainon (groimd) Jib 4ozs... 4ozs... 8ozs... lib.... 4ozs... 4ozs... 4ozs... lib.... 2ozs... 2ozs... 2ozs... Jib.... 4ozs... 4ozs... 4ozs... lib.... *lb.... Jib.... Jib.... 2 lbs... 2 J lbs. Ginger 2 J lbs. 2,' lbs. Mustard 5 lbs. Mapeline Nutmeg 4ozs... 8ozs... 4ozs... 8ozs... 2ozs... 4ozs... 40ZS... 8ozs... Jib.... lib.... 2 J lbs. Pepper 2 J lbs. Pepper, red 1 Fresh meat should be used where it is obtainable at intervals sufficient to keep in camp. If not used, buy 1 pound of cured meat to 2 pounds of fresh meat. Use bacon 1 meal a day, usually breakfast. 1 ration weighs approximately 8 pounds. Require approximately five 150-pound horse loads per day for 100-man crew. 100 FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. RATION LIST— Continued. lOO-rationlist. Article. Imp. crew. Spices and extracts — Continued. Sage Vanilla extract ' Vegetables: I Beans (white) Beans (lima; Beans (brown) Beans, can P.& li Onions i Peas (canned) ' Potatoes ; Tomatoes (canned) Miscellaneous: Butter Candles Cheese Catsup Eggs Honey Macaroni Matches Soap (toilet) Soap (laundry) Sugar (white) Sugar (brown) Vinegar Extras: Chocolate (Hersheys) Chocolate (ground) Cabbage Carrots Corn (canned) Com meal Pickles (sweet and sour; Sirup , 4ozs... 15 lbs. 15 lbs.. 12 cans 100 lbs icase . 10 lbs.. 2 lbs... 7* lbs.. 2bots . 20doz. 2.Ubs.. icad.. •ibars. 3 bars . 35 lbs.. 5 lbs... Iqt... 10 lbs., lib.... 25 lbs.. 50 lbs.. 12 cans 5 lbs.. I §gal-J Fire crew. 15 lbs.. 20 lbs.. Rations for 10 da vs. 2ozs... rjlbs.. 15 lbs.. 10 lbs.. 20 lbs.. 100 lbs. J case. 10 lbs.. 2 lbs... -Jibs.. 2bots. 20doz. 5 lbs... icad.. 4 bars. 3 bars . 45 lbs.. 5 lbs... Iqt... 15 lbs., lib.... 50 lbs. . 12 cans 5 lbs... 50 lbs. 6 cans. 5 lbs... lib.... 5 lbs... Ibot.. lOdoz. 100 lbs. icase. 10 lbs.. 2 lbs... 7Jlbs.. 2bots. 20doz. 2 lbs... §cad. 2 bars. Ibar.. 25 lbs.. 2ilbs.. Ipt... 10 lbs.. *lb.... 5 lbs... *cad.. Ibars . 2 bars . 50 lbs.. 5 lbs... Iqt... 15 lbs., lib.... 25 lbs.. 6 cans. 10 lbs.. 50 lbs.. J ease . 10 lbs.. Igal... Jib... 30 lbs.. 40 lbs. 200 lbs. lease . 20 lbs.. 21bs... 15 lbs.. 4 hots . 1 case. 10 lbs., lead.. 6 bars. 4 bars . 100 lbs. 10 lbs.. Jgal... 20 lbs.. 2 lbs... 100 lbs. 1 case . 10 lbs.. 2 gals.. 50 men. 2* lbs. 75 lbs. 100 lbs. 500 lbs. 2 J cases. 50 lbs. 2 lbs. 40 lbs. 10 lbs. 2 cases. 26 lbs. lead. lobars. 10 bars. 2.T01bs. 25 lbs. 2igals. 40 lbs. 5 lbs. 200 lbs. 2i cases. 30 lbs. 5 gals. FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. KITCHEN EQUIPMENT. 101 Articles. Quantity. 5 men. 10 men. 20 men. 50 men. Stoves: Van Dyke 1 1 1 1 Reflector > Z-!>ar grate (48 inches) 1 1 Fry pans: Medium size. 2 1 1 2 2 Largest size 5 Teapots: 4-quart • . . . 1 8-quart ' 1 1 1 12-quart 1 1 Coffee pots: 4-quart > 9 8-quart ' 1 12-quarti. ... 1 16-quart i 2 Boiling pots: 1-gallon ' 1 1 1 2-gallon > 1 1 4-gallon 1 2 Boilers: W ash > 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 31 1 1 2 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 10 410 Butcher knife 1 1 1 1 3 Dipper, tin 3 Basting spoon. . 4 Dish pans: Medium Large 2 2 Cake turner 1 1 31 1 1 Drip pan ' 32 Flour sieve •. 1 Steel 1 Wash basin 1 1 1 3 .Marm clock 1 1 2 Lantern ' 3 2 12-inch files 2 4 1 1 1 5 125 6 Axes: D. B 1 S. B 1 1 Clawhammer.. . 1 Kails 8-40d pound. . Weight do 2 40 15 500 ctor. 3F Dr stove. 102 FIRE PROTECTION IX DISTRICT 1. MESS EQUIPMENT. Articles. Quantity. I i 5 men. 10 men. 20 men. 50 men. Plates, 10-inch ' Knives Forks, 4-tined Spoons: Desert Table Bowls, soup 1 Cups, tin 1 Pail, water, galvanized iron Dish ups: 4-quart ' 5-quarti 6-quarti 10-quarti 5-quart, granite Buckets, covered: 4-quart i 6-quarti 8-quart i 4-quart * 6-quart' 8-quart « Total weight pounds. . 10 liO «0 60 60 12 60 60 5 2 155 1 Retinned ware. - Granite ware. EXTRAS. Biscuit cutter. Cake griddle. Canvas table tops. Carbide lamps. Colander. Egg beater. Meat grinder. Meat saws. Nutmeg grater. Potato masher. Rolling pin. Salt and pepper shakers. Soup ladle. Sirup pitcher. Wash tub. FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. LIST OF FIRE-FIGHTING EQUIPMENT. 103 FIRE TOOLS AND GENERAL EQLTPMENT. Article. Axes, D. B. handled. Ax, handles, extra Mattocks, or grub hoes 6 feet. Mattock handles Shovels, L. H., without spring. Saws. X-cut, with handles. Hammer, handled for saw- yers. Wedges Peavy Saw-flling outfit (Atkins). . Files Whetstones, carborundum. Emery wheels l 6 inches . . . 24 gallons. o gallons. . Size. 3i and 4 lbs. 3 and lbs. 8 inches... Water bags Do Canvas water buckets Canfceens Flag Pack sacks Pack frames Rasp Medicine kit Cobbler's outfit 4 by 6 feet. Total weights ' 152.50 Unit of weight. iSilbs.. lilbs... 14 lbs... 2 lbs.... oilbs... 10 lbs... 4 lbs.... 21bs.... 8 lbs lib 4 ozs 6ozs 6 lbs lib lilbs... IJlbs... lilbs... 3 lbs. 3 lbs. lib.. 5 lbs. Number required. 10- man. 0 2 0 1 0 1 fi 6 2 2 0 1 2 3 0 1 0 2 2 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 20- man. so- man. 292.50 i 555.50 20 5 30 30 20 4 2 4 2 2 24 15 2 12 4 5 5 1 6 3 2 1 1 • Average. 104 FIRE PROTECTION IX DISTRICT 1. LIST OF STANDARD, EXPERIMENTAL, AND REJECTED EQUIPMENT. Standard equipment. Axes, 3 poimds to 4 pounds. D. B., -nestern pattern, soft center. Ax handles, second growth hickory (color stain for handles to be adopted by district office.) Blankets, saddle, double woolen with pad. Blankets, bed, "U. S. F. S." 3 pounds, woolen. Binoculars, standard make (8 diameters). Communication kits (emergencj'). Emergency telephone wire. Grub hoes, 3 pounds (ratio 4 grub hoes to 1 mattock). Kitchen equipment, plated tin and pressed steel. (Exception, granite iron for fruit dishes.) 4-tined forks and soup spoons. Mattock, 4 J pounds (ratio 1 mattock to 4 grub hoes). Mattock handles (second growth hick on,'). Pack frames (Clack). Pea\-ies, preferred to cant hooks. Saws, crosscut, 5J feet narrow blade, standard make, extension handles. Saddles, pack. Decker pattern with "Humane" tree. Saddles, riding, regulation stock, not less than 14-inch tree. Shovels, long handled, stiff blade. Speeders, power, Mudge-Adams, 4-wheel, 4-hor8epower, single- cylinder. Telephone, wall, for lookouts and ranger stationfl. Equipment to be experimented with further: Emery stones (3 pounds for patrol). Lookout boards. Lookout equipment. Kitchen and mess side pack kit (nesting). Pumps (all kinds). Water bags, horse. Stoves, Van Dyke. Equipment rejected. 7 by 9 wall tents. Seitz camp stoves. Telephone, desk (for lookouts). Kitchen equipment, aluminum and granite ironware. (Excep- tion, granite iron for fruit dishes.) Teaspoons. D- -1 F 5. D- -1 F 1. D- -1 Fll. fF 2. D- -IF 3. If 4. D- -1 F 7. D- -1 F 8. D- -1 F 10. D- -1 F 6. D- -1 F 9. D- -1 F 12. D- 'Hf 14. D- -1 F 15. FIRE PROTECTION IX niSTRICT 1. 105 LIST OF SPECIAL DISTRICT FIRE FORMS. Rates of pay. Contract (men). Identification card. Time book. Time slip. Tally sheet. Purchase order and invoice (supplies 'i. Purchase order and invoice ( equii:)ment). Commissary order blank. Waybill. Contract (horses). Board and lodging contract card. Lodging ticket. Meal ticket. Requisition for men and equipment. Form D— 1, F. 5. (A supply to be printed poster size for use in employment offices.) (To be printed in all time books.; U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. FOREST SERVICE. The following rates of pay will be paid by the Forest Ser^-ice for the classes of work listed below. Variations from these standard rates will be allowed only in exceptional cases. Board will be fur- nished by the Government in addition to these wages. If for any reason it is not feasible to furnish board correspondingly higher rates may be paid: Laborers 25 cents per hour. Straw bosses 30 cents per hour. Foremen 35 to 40 cents per horn*. Timekeepers $3 per da v. Cooks $3 to $4 per day. Assistant cooks $2.50 to $3 per day. Flunkies $2.50 per day. Head packer ^ $3 to $4 per dav.^ Packer .$2.50 to .?3 per day.^ ' $4 rate not paid for handling a train of less than 10 pack animals. * Saddle horse and equipment furnished by Government. 106 FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. D-1. F-1. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. FOREST SERVICE. CONTRACT FORM. 1. Standard rate of pay is 25 cents per hour with board, except fore- men, straw bosses, cooks, packers, and timekeepers. 2. Time and expenses: i Going to fire: Transportation, where available, ana board are \ furnished. If employee works until his services are no longer needed, or if excuse for quitting before discharge is approved by officer in charge of fire, travel time going to the fire as follows will be allowed: Not to exceed eight hours by railroad, boat, or automobile to point of disembarkment. A reasonable amount of time to be determined by the forest officer in charge of the fire from point of disembarkment to fire. If an employee is discharged for inefficiency, insub- ■ ordination, or other dishonorable discharge, no time will be allowed while going to or returning from fire. Decision of officer in charge to be final. At fires: Time actually fire fighting; reasonable time as allowed by foreman in walking from camp to fires and return from fire to camp and for such lunch and rest periods as may be fixed by the foreman. Returning from fires: If the employee works until no longer needed, travel time, transportation, and board to point where ptdd off will be allowed as in " Going to fire. ' ' Trans- portation will be allowed to point where hired. If an em- ployee is discharged for inefficiency, insubordination, or other dishonorable discharge, no time, board, or transpor- tation expenses will be allowed while returning from fires. 3. No erasures or alterations will be allowed on time slips. Entries must be made in ink or indelible pencil. 4. Commissary and property charges will be entered on time slipa and amounts deducted from total amount due. 5. In case of dispute about time no consideration will be given unless reasonable proof is pro^•ided. All disputes about time must be settled with timekeeper or foreman at time of discharge. FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. 107 I, , having been employed by (name) the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, as a (position) at the rate of per (^^\^ having read the foregoing rules, hereby agree to them and agree to work until no longer needed. (Sign here.) Name Accident notify Address Tall, short, medium, fair, dark, gray (check). Age, Nation- ality, Point of employment, Travel time allowed, Date, Card No Accepted : , Employer. Travel time and card number entered (date), , 191 .. . Name, timekeeper at (place) (To be signed in duplicate, one copy to be kept by person making the emplojinent. The other to be retained by the employee and presented by him to the timekeeper on the fire.) Intoxicating liquors or firearms in camp is sufficient cause for discharge. 108 FIRE PROTECTION IX DISTRICT 1. Form D-1, F7. [To be returned by timekeeper to quartermaster or purchasing agent for reference. ) U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. FOREST SERVICE. PURCHASE ORDER AND INVOICE. Charge to project National Forest. R. R (Ordered by) (Date.) (Purchased by) (Date.) (Shipped via) (Date.) (Transported by) (Date.) (Purchased from) (Date.) Food supplies. Amount on hand. 1 Amount ordered. Amount shipped. Amount received. Breadstuffs: Baking powder Cornstarch Crackers Flour, white Flour, graham Lard Salt ' Soda 1 Yeast cakes 1 Beverages: Cocoa 1 Coffee Tea Milk Cereals: Corn meal Rice 1 1 ,. .. Tapioca Fruits: 1 Meats: 1 Beef . Spices and extracts: 1 Cinnamon 1 In ordering from a qviartermaster this column must be filled out. FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. 109 Food supplies. Spices and extracts — Continued. Cloves O inger Lemon extract ilustard Mapleine Nutmeg Pepper Red pepper Amount on hand. Sage. Vanilla V'eget;\bles: Beans, white Beans, lima Beans, brown Beans, P. & B Onions Peas (canned) Potatoes Tomatoes (canned) . Miscellaneous: Butter Candles Cheese Catsup Amount oniered. Amount Amount shipped, received. Eggs. Honey Macaroni Matches Soap (toilet) Soap (laundry-) Sugar, white Sugar, brown Vinegar Extras: Chocolate (Hershey's) . Chocolate, ground Cabbage Carrots Corn, canned Corn meal Pickles, sweet Pickles, sour Sirup Order filled bv . (Signature of merchant or quartermaster.) Checked by . . Received by. .(date). .(date), .(date). 110 FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. Form D-1 F8. [To be returned by timekeeper to quartermaster.] U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. FOREST SERVICE. PURCHASE ORDER AND INVOICE FOR EQUIPMENT. Send to , National Forest. Ordered by , (date) Purchased by (date). Purchased from , (date). Amount ordered. Amount Amount shipped, received. Kitchen equipment. Alarm clock Basin, wash Boiler: Wash Double Can opener Cake turner Coflee pots, tin: 5-quart S-quart 20-quart Dish pans: Large Medium Dippers, large Drip pan Forks, large Fry pans: Medium Largest Flour sieve Grates, 2-bar Griddle, cake Kettles, covered: Tin, 4-quart Tin, 6-quart Tin, 8-quart Galvanized iron, 16-quart Galvanized iron, 20-quart Knives, butcher, 12- inch Lantern Reflectors Saws, meat FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. Ill Amount ordered. Amount ', Amount shipped, received. Kitchen equipment — Continued. Sacks: Lunch Cotton, assorted sizes Sc3rthe stone Steel, butcher's Stoves: V£in Dyke Sheet-iron Spoons, large Toweling, kitchen Pail, water, galvanized-iron Jle^s equipment. Bowls, soup Cups, nested, tin Knives and forks, tinned; forks 4-tiaed. Plates, 10-inch, tin Pudding pans, galvanized-iron: 4-quart 6-quart 10-quart Pitchers: Sirup Milk Spoons, soup, tinned Camp equipment. Axes, S. B Cobbler's outfit Communication kit Drawknife Hammer, claw Handsaw, crosscut Nails: Hungarian 8d, wire 40d, wire Rope, j-inch Tents, lObv 12 Flies, 14 bv 20 Bed equipment. Blankets Shelter tents. Pack equipment. (See lists in Fire Manual.) 112 FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT I. Amount ordered. Amount shipped. Amount received. Fhe-flgMing equipment. Axes, D. B: Carborundum ax stones, pkt Carborundum grinders FUes, bastard: 8- inch 10- inch Grub hoes and handles Hammers, 8-pound, D.J Ilandles, saw Mattocks and handles Peavics Rasps, — inch Saw set, complete Saws, crosscut , standard Shovels (standard) Wedges (iron) Water bags: 1-gallon 2-gallon 5-galIon Miscellaneous equipment. Checked by. Received by. .(date), .(date). FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. 113 Form D-1. FIO. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. FOREST SERVICE. National Forest. Project COMMISSARY ORDER BLANK. (Must be sisrned by employee at the time articles are ordered. Articles ordered must be charsred to employee and noted in time book at the time they are received. Under no circumstances will cash be accepted for commissary by timekeeper or officer in charge.) To (Officer in charge.) (Date.) Please purchase following articles and charge to my account: Size or kind. Charges Posted Charges Posted Charges Posted I hereby agree to receive above articles and have same charged to my account. Ordered No (Date.) (Temporary laborer.) Above articles have been received : No (Temporary laborer.) Ajmoimt entered in time book No against emplovee's accotint. , Date " Timelceeper . Note. — Goods received as per order and not accepted by employee without just reasons, will be charged to employee's account in same manner as if they had been received. 842°— 15 8 114 D-l, F6. FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. FOREST SERVICE. WAY BILL. No. 1 • Date : Aug. 10, 1915. at at J. Doe, (Consignor.) R. Roe, Missoula, Mont. (Place of origin.) Dry Creek Fire. (Consignee.) Via pack train. (Destination.) (Methods of transportation, auto, wagon, pack train.) ' ,«-; 49\ No. of pieces. Description (boxes, sacks, etc.). Labels of articles of cargo. 6 Boxes R. Roe, Dry Creek. 4 Sacks Do. 2 Stoves Do. 10 Axes Do. Checked by— Date. Remarks. At (origin): J. Doe 8/10/15 All in good order. En route :i Wm. Jones, 8/11/15 1 box broken, 1 stove damaged. packer. 8/12/15 Destination: R. Roe 1 box broken, 1 stove damaged, balance shipment 0. K. 1 Packers, teamsters, and others handling goods en route will cheek and sign here. .SPECIFICATIONS. (White original, yellow duplicate. Sizeof time books 3J by 8 inches. Papercover. Leaves perforated "for removal.) FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. 115 Form D-1, F9. (CONTRACT FORM.) (For Pack Animals.) U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FOREST SERVICE. National Forest. (1) cents per day while in pastxire, specified by hiring officer. Rate to start when horses are placed in pasture. Horses will be shod at Forest Service expense. Not less than $ per head guaranteed if horses are not "used. (2) cents per day for horses in service — equipment furnished '^ ^y Government. (3) $ per daj^ for horse in service — equipment furnished by owner. Equipment furnished as follows: (Equipment to be listed.) (4) Liability for all horses killed or injured assumed by owner or his agent and provided the liability for pack horses be limited to $75 and pack mules to $125 and in no case to exceed the appraised value. Appraisement to be made before or at the time of contract of hire. (5) All expenses relative to the maintenance of horses to be assumed by Forest Service after hiring contract has been signed by Forest officer. (6) Specifications. — Horses to be broken and in healthy condition. All horses not capable of use or of carrying 150 pounds will be rejected regardless of contract. Equipment furnished must pass the inspection of the hiring officer. Decision of hiring officer to be final in all cases. 116 FIRE PROTECTION IN DISTRICT 1. (7) Description of animal: Color: Sex: Mare, gelding, mule (use check). Name: Height . . hands. Weight . . . pounds. Age, . .years. Brands: Defects noticed : Appraised value of animal: $ Of equipment $ No. of horse and equipment: . . Point of hire: Date hired : To be returned to (Name of owner.) (Address.) I hereby agree to the above rules and certify that I have the right to hire to the Forest Service the aVjove described animal and equipment. (Scratch out if not furnished). (Signed) (Owner or agent.) I have received the above-described animal and equipment || (scratch if not furnished) this day of 191. .. (Date.) at M. (Time.) (Signed) (Hiring oflScer.) Time book No (In case of loss or injury to horse this contract is to accompany Form 5a voucher.) Specifications of contract form to be bound in book, size of new time book, 3f by 8 inches. Original to be on white paper. Dupli- cate to be on yellow paper. Books to be bound with carbon leaves attached. Paper covers. Leaves to be perforated for removal. T(» be shipped via to trans, arranged (Initial.) FIRE PROTECTION IX DISTRICT 1. 117 From D-1, Flo. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. FOREST SERVICE. Requisitions for — Men ] Horses [-p. . Supplies r^^^ Equipment J For Xational Forest. Ordered by Time received by Time wanted at To be shipped via to Men: Fire fighters Cooks Packers Foremen Saw filers Is clothing needed? Horses and saddles: Pack horses 1 To be shipped \-ia Saddle horses I to Pack saddles [ trans.'arranged. . . . . . '. ......'. Riding saddles J (Initial. ) Siipplies: Rations for men days. (Number.) (Number.) Equipment: Tents ; flies Water bags, Xo ; size Bedding ; Tools Utensils — Mess Kitchen Miscellaneoiis Time received for filling (name). Time filled (name). Shipped via hour (name). o * -\«-^ .♦^ SCARD