NOAA TR NMFS CIRC-386 A UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PUBLICATION NOAA Technical Report NMFS CIRC-386 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service rme Nora ana i-auna the Northeastern United States. Pycnogonida LAWRENCE R. McCLOSKEY SEATTLE, WA September 1973 NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS National Marine Fisheries Service, Circulars The major responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the abundance and geographic distribution of fishery resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quan- tity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels for optimum use of the resources. NMFS is also charged with the development and implementation of policies for managing national fishing grounds, develop- ment and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations, surveillance of foreign fishing off United States coastal waters, and the development and enforcement of international fishery agreements and policies. NMFS also assists the fishing industry through marketing service and economic analysis programs, and mortgage insurance and vessel construction subsidies. It collects, analyses, and publishes statistics on various phases of the industry. The NOAA Technical Report NMFS CIRC series continues a series that has been in existence since 1941. The Circulars are technical publications of general interest intended to aid conservation and management. Publica- tions that review in considerable detail and at a high technical level certain broad areas of research appear in this series. Technical papers originating in economics studies and from management investigations appear in the Circular series. NOAA Technical Reports NMFS CIRC are available free in limited numbers to governmental agencies, both Federal and State. They are also available in exchange for other scientific and technical publications in the ma- rine sciences. Individual copies may be obtained (unless otherwise noted) from NOAA Publications Section, Rock- ville, Md. 20852. Recent Circulars are: 315. Synopsis of biological data on the chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum) 1792. By Rich- ard G. Bakkala. March 1970, iii + 89 pp., 15 figs., 51 tables. 319. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Great Lakes Fishery Laboratory, Ann Arbor, Michigan. By Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. March 1970, 8 pp., 7 figs. 330. EASTROPAC Atlas: Vols. 4, 2. Catalog No. 1 49.4:330/(vol.) 11 vols. ($4.75 each). Avail- able from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402. 331. Guidelines for the processing of hot-smoked chub. By H. L. Seagran, J. T. Graikoski, and J. A. Emerson. January 1970, iv -f 23 pp., 8 figs., 2 tables. 332. Pacific hake. (12 articles by 20 authors.) 1970, iii + 152 pp., 72 figs., 47 tables. March 333. Recommended practices for vessel sanitation and fish handling. By Edgar W. Bowman and Alfred Larsen. March 1970, iv + 27 pp., 6 figs. 335. Progress report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Center for Estuarine and Menhaden Research, Pesticide Field Station, Gulf Breeze, Fla., fiscal year 1969. By the Laboratory staff. August 1970, iii + 33 pp., 29 figs., 12 tables. 336. The northern fur seal. By Ralph C. Baker, Ford Wilke, and C. Howard Baltzo. April 1970, iii + 19 pp., 13 figs. 337. Program of Division of Economic Research, Bureau of Commerecial Fisheries, fiscal year 1969. By Division of Economic Research. April 1970, iii + 29 pp., 12 figs., 7 tables. 338. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Lab- oratory, Auke Bay, Alaska. By Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries. June 1970, 8 pp., 6 figs. 339. Salmon research at Ice Harbor Dam. By Wesley J. Ebel. April 1970, 6 pp., 4 figs. 340. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Technological Laboratory, Gloucester, Massachusetts. By Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries. June 1970, 8 pp., 8 figs. 341. Report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Beaufort, N.C., for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968. By the Lab- oratory staff. August 1970, iii -f 24 pp., 11 figs., 16 tables. 342. Report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, St. Petersburg Beach, Florida, fiscal year 1969. By the Laboratory staff. August 1970, iii + 22 pp.,*20 figs., 8 tables. 343. Report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, fiscal year 1969. By the Laboratory staff. August 1970, iii + 39 pp., 28 figs., 9 tables. 344. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Tropical Atlan- tic Biological Laboratory progress in research 1965-69, Miami, Florida. By Ann Weeks. Oc- tober 1970, iv + 65 pp., 53 figs. 346. Sportsman's guide to handling, smoking, and pre- serving Great Lakes coho salmon. By Shearon Dudley, J. T. Graikoski, H. L. Seagran, and Paul M. Earl. September 1970, iii + 28 pp., 15 figs. 347. Synopsis of biological data on Pacific ocean perch, Sebastodes alutus. By Richard L. Major and Herbert H. Shippen. December 1970, iii + 38 pp., 31 figs., 11 tables. Continued on inside back cover. ATMOsa. r^ENT O? U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Frederick B. Dent, Secretary NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Robert M. White, Administrator NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE Robert W. Schoning, Director NOAA Technical Report NMFS CIRC-386 Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States. Pycnogonida LAWRENCE R. McCLOSKEY SEATTLE, WA September 1973 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 30 cents FOREWORD This issue of the "Circulars" is part of a subseries entitled "Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States." This subseries will consist of original, illustrated, modern manuals on the identification, classification, and general biology of the estuarine and coastal marine plants and animals of the Northeastern United States. Manuals will be published at irregular intervals on as many taxa of the region as there are specialists willing to collaborate in their preparation. The manuals are an outgrowth of the widely used "Keys to Marine Invertebrates of the Woods Hole Region," edited by R. I. Smith, published in 1964, and produced under the auspices of the Systematics-Ecology Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. Instead of revising the "Woods Hole Keys," the staff of the Systematics- Ecology Program decided to expand the geographic coverage and bathymetric range and produce the keys in an entirely new set of expanded publications. The "Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States" is being prepared in collaboration with systematic specialists in the United States and abroad. Each man- ual will be based primarily on recent and ongoing revisionary systematic research and a fresh examination of the plants and animals. Each major taxon, treated in a separate manual, will include an introduction, illustrated glossary, uniform originally illustrated keys, annotated check list with information when available on distribution, habitat, life history, and related biology, references to the major literature of the group, and a system- atic index. These manuals are intended for use by biology students, biologists, biological ocean- ographers, informed laymen, and others wishing to identify coastal organisms for this region. In many instances the manuals will serve as a guide to additional information about the species or the group. Geographic coverage of the "Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States" is planned to include organisms from the headwaters of estuaries seaward to approximately the 200-m depth on the continental shelf from Maine to Virginia, but may vary somewhat with each major taxon and the interests of collaborators. When- ever possible representative specimens dealt with in the manuals will be deposited in reference collections of the Gray Museum, Marine Biological Laboratory, and other universities and research laboratories in the region. After a sufficient number of manuals of related taxonomic groups have been pub- lished, the manuals will be revised, grouped, and issued as special volumes. These vol- umes will thus consist of compilations of individual manuals within phyla such as the Coelenterata, Arthropoda, and Mollusca, or of groups of phyla. 11 CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Key to the Pycnogonida, Maine to New Jersey 3 Annotated Systematic List 9 Selected Bibliography 10 Index to scientific names 11 Acknowledgments 12 Coordinator's comments 12 The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, rec- ommend or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or to this publication furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales pro- motion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication. Ill MARINE FLORA AND FAUNA OF THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES. Pycnogonida LAWRENCE R. McCLOSKEY1 ABSTRACT The manual includes an introduction on the general biology, an illustrated key, an an- notated systematic list, a selected bibliography, and an index to the Pycnogonida along the coast of the United States from Maine to New Jersey out to 100 m. INTRODUCTION The Pycnogonida, or sea spiders, are one of the most curious groups of marine invertebrates. Their peculiar anatomy, a montage of arthropod characters, reveals no clear affinities or homol- ogies with other apparently related arthropods (Fig. 1) . Generally, the first pair of pycnogonid appendages are formed into pincerlike cheli- fores (sometimes called chelicerae or man- dibles) , and the second pair develop as sensory palps (or pedipalps). In addition to these two pairs of appendages, used mostly in feeding, the first segment of the body usually has two pairs of legs. The first pair (when present) are called ovigers, and, in the male, are used to hold and carry the clusters of eggs. (However, in one family, the Colossendeidae, the "ovigers" are used only as grooming appendages.) The sec- ond pair on the first body segment are walking legs — the first of four pairs used for locomotion. The legs often comprise the bulk of the animal's body mass, and in keeping with unconventional- ity, have nine segments, rather than the eight usually found in arthropods. An extra somite (that is, body segment) , with legs, appears in some species, resulting in a total of 10 legs. Two species are known which have 2 extra so- mites and 12 legs. The appendages are never 1 Systematics-Ecology Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass.; present address: De- partment of Biology, Walla Walla College, College Place, WA 99324. biramous. The abdomen is quite rudimentary and possesses only the anal opening. Though superficially spiderlike, pycnogonids do not have the typical arachnid body arrange- ment of a cephalothorax (or prosoma) with six legs and a large abdomen (or opisthosoma) . They differ clearly from the classes Merostomata and Arachnida in having no respiratory or ex- cretory organs, in having the mouth located at the end of a proboscis, and in having multiple gonopores which open on the legs. They show affinity to the chelicerates in the arrangement of the brain which has a protocerebrum and a tritocerebrum, without a deuterocerebrum. Hence, they have been placed in a separate class, Pycnogonida, under the subphylum Chelicerata. Within the range covered by this manual (Maine to New Jersey), five species of pycno- gonids may be readily found in nearshore waters: Tanystylum orbiculare, Callipallene brevirostris, Phoxichilidium femoratum, Ano- plodactylus lentus, and Pycnogonum Uttorale. It is these species which have received the most attention. Thomas Hunt Morgan's treatise (1891) on the embryology of pycnogonids, treats Tanystylum orbiculare (p. 4-8, 36-48), Callipal- lene brevirostris (p. 8-22 under Pallene empusa), and Anoplodactylus lentus (p. 4-8 under Phox- ichilidium maxillare) . The habits of Anoplo- dactylus lentus have been examined by Cole (1901, p. 195-206; 1906, p. 740-741), its blood was studied by Dawson (1934, p. 62-68), and its muscles by Jordan (1916). Phoxichilidium palp "proboscis ^second tibia tarsus propodus terminal claw ■auxiliary claws first coxa second coxa third coxa femur Figuj-e 1. — Anatomy of a typical Pynogonid. anterior view of whole animal. Inset: femoratum and Tanystylum orbiculare have been less well studied, though P. femoratum is well known to live on Tubularia, and its young pro- duce parasitic galls on the hydroids. Pycnogon- um littorale is reported to associate with sea anemones (Prell, 1909). The remainder of the species in this key are found primarily in deeper water, and, as ex- pected, less is known of their habits. Species heretofore collected only deeper than 100 m have not been included, but some may yet appear in collections from near the shelf edge. No new species have been reported from this area since Joel W. Hedgpeth's (1948) compre- hensive systematic treatment. It was from this work that much of the material in the key is derived. I wish to thank Dr. Hedgpeth for his kindness in permitting us to draw so heavily on his paper and allowing us to reproduce many of his drawings. Primary taxonomic characters for the pyc- nogonids are combinations of presence or ab- sence of chelae, palps, and ovigers. The number of segments per appendage is also important. Figure 1 portrays a generalized sketch of a pycnogonid, illustrating characters used in the key, and the inset depicts the lifelike appearance of a whole animal. KEY TO THE PYCNOGONIDA, MAINE TO NEW JERSEY 1 Chelifores and palpi distinctly present 2 1 Chelifores or palpi, or both, lacking or greatly reduced 8 2 (1) Chelifores well developed, overreaching proboscis; palpi five-jointed NYMPHONIDAE . . 3 2 (1) Chelifores shorter than proboscis, and chelae reduced to knobs; palpi seven to nine-jointed AMMOTHEIDAE . . 7 3 (2) Tarsus half as long (or less) as propodus. Nymphon hirtipes propodus \ tarsus 3 (2 ) Tarsus almost as long or longer than prop- odus 4 (3) Fingers of chelae s^r palm comparatively thick, \/ shorter than palm ^ \ (a) ; a few large fingers-^ \j spines on sole of propodus (b) a Nymphon grossipes Spines 4 (3) Fingers of chelae slender, usually as long or longer than palm; without large spines on sole of propodus 5 (-4) Auxiliary claws one-half to two-thirds as long as terminal claw. . . Nymphon macrum 5 (4) Auxiliary claws less than one-fourth as long as terminal claw 6 (5) Neck short (a) ; chelae with more than 25 large spinules on each finger (b). ... Nymphon stromi neck 6 (5) Neck long, slender (a); chelae with 25 or less spi- nules on each finger (b); tarsus at least one and a half times as long as prop- odus (c) Nymphon longitarse 7 (..') Auxiliary claws at least half as long as terminal claw (a); lateral processes nar- rowly separated (b, c) Achelia spinosa 7 (2) Auxiliary claws less than one-third as long as terminal claw (a); lateral processes contiguous (b, c) Achelia scabra 8 ( 1 ) Chelifores or palpi lacking, but not both 9 8 ( 1 ) Chelifores and palpi both lacking 15 9 (8) Chelifores lacking or greatly re- duced (a); palpi five- or six- jointed; very small (body length less than 4 mm) (b). .Tayiystylum orbiculare 9 (8) Chelifores present, palpi lacking. 10 (9) Ovigers 10-jointed; present in both sexes CALLIPALLENIDAE 11 10 (9) Ovigers less than 10-jointed; ovigers in male only PHOXICHILIDIIDAE 12 11 (10) Auxiliary claws present (a) ; neck longer than wide (b) ; lateral pro- cesses widely separated Callipallene brevirostris neck— 11 (10) Auxiliary claws absent; neck short and broad (a); body compact and oval, with lateral processes narrowly sepa- rated (a) ; chelae heavy (b) Pseudopallene circularis 12 (10) Cephalic segment extended forward as a con- spicuous neck, overhanging insertion of pro- boscis; auxiliary claws extremely minute or absent cephalic segment 13 proboscis 12 (10) Cephalic segment not extended for- ward (a); auxiliary claws present (b) Phoxichilidium femoratum 13 (12) Body length of adult greater than 5 mm (b) ; basal spines on propo- dus at least half as long as width of propodus (a) ; cement gland open- ing on femur of male a simple slit. Anoplodactylus lentus basal spines 13 (12) Body length less than 2 mm; basal spines on propodus less than half as long as width of propodus (a); cement gland opening in femur of male located at tip of raised tube (b). 14 Tubercle 14 (13) Body length of adult larger (typical spec- imens about 1.5 mm); with very low tu- bercles on lateral processes Anoplodactylus petiolatus 14 (13) Body length generally smaller (1 mm or less) ; no tubercles on lateral processes (a); comparatively fewer spines on legs (b) Anoplodactylus parvus 15 (8) Body slender; legs about twice as long as body; auxiliary claws present ENDEIDAE. Endeis spinosa 15 (8) Body stout; legs short, not much longer than body; without auxiliary claws PYCNOGONIDAE Pycnogonum littorale ANNOTATED SYSTEMATIC LIST Listed in the order species appear in the key. Family NYMPHONIDAE Nymphon kirtipes Bell, 1853. Generally in deeper waters, 45 to 400 m, off northern New England and northward. Nymphon grossipes (0. Fabricius?) Kroyer, 1780. Commonest species of Nymphon in New England. Collected from 20 to 1,050 m. Nymphon macrum Wilson, 1880. Mostly north of Cape Cod, though some records exist from as far south as Florida. Reported from 64 to 1,540 m; muddy bottoms. Nymphon stromi Kroyer, 1844. Taken in New England from 12 to over 900 m. Occurs mostly north to latitude 82°, but there are a few records from south to Florida. Nymphon longitarse Kroyer, 1844. Occurs north of Cape Cod, especially in the Gulf of Maine, from 30 to 280 m. Family AMMOTHEIDAE Achelia spinosa (Stimpson) Wilson, 1853. Con- sidered uncommon. Recorded from Block Island to New Brunswick in depths less than 37 m. Specimens #1220C and #1220N, in the Gray Museum, Marine Biological Lab- oratory, Woods Hole, Mass., collected at Fishing Ledge, Cape Cod Bay. See com- ments under A. scabra. Achelia scabra Wilson, 1880. Very few speci- mens in existence, all from localities north of Cape Cod, Mass. Two specimens in the Gray Museum of the Marine Biological Lab- oratory (lot #1220D) collected at Fishing Ledge in Cape Cod Bay, at a depth of 25.9 m. As happens for several of the few preserved specimens in existence, these were collected together with A. spinosa. A. scabra re- portedly differs from A. spinosa in having: (1) reduced length of auxiliary claws, (2) shorter lateral processes which are closely pressed together, (3) reduced spinous tu- bercles on the coxa, and (4) large tubercles on the posterior outer corners of the lat- eral processes. None of these characters seem to be consistent, except for length of auxiliary claw. Though no gradation in length of auxiliary claw is obvious, the de- gree of spination, size, and general appear- ance does intergrade to such an extent as to cast some doubt on whether A. scabra and A. spinosa are separate species. Tanystylum orbiculare Wilson, 1878. A rela- tively common littoral species found in a variety of fouling communities from Cape Cod south to the Caribbean and Brazil. Found also on floating Sargassum. Family CALLIPALLENIDAE Callipallene brevirostris (Johnston), 1837. A relatively common littoral species found from Cape Cod to Florida. Pseudopallene circularis (Goodsir), 1842. An uncommon species taken in deeper shelf water (22 to 100 m) from Cape Cod north to Arctic. Rarer in southern part of range. Family PHOXICHILIDIIDAE Phoxichilidium femoratum (Rathke), 1799. A common species found in the intertidal zone to 100 m from Long Island Sound to Green- land. Anoplodactylus lentus Wilson, 1878. A common species from the south shore of Cape Cod to the Caribbean, from the intertidal zone to the shelf edge. Anoplodactylus petiolatus (Kroyer), 1844. A. petiolatus and A. parvus may be the same. Small differences in size have been used to differentiate the two, and a careful exam- ination of a large series probably would re- veal gradations. Both have been taken from floating Sargassum. Represented in the Gray Museum by lots #548 (A. petiolatus) and #2094 (A. parvus). Anoplodactylus parvus Giltay, 1934. See com- ments under A. petiolatus. Family ENDEIDAE Endeis spinosa (Montagu), 1808. Specimens usually come from pelagic Sargassum weed washed ashore. Not common in the New England area. Family PYCNOGONIDAE Pycnogonum littorale (Strom), 1762. Ranges from the intertidal zone to off the shelf from Maine to Long Island Sound. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY COLE, L. J. 1901. Notes on the habitats of pycnogon- ids. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) 2: 195-207. 1906. Feeding habits of the pycnogonid, Anoplodactylus lentus. Zool. Anz. 29: 740- 741. DAWSON, A. B. 1934. The colored corpuscles of the blood of the purple sea spider, Anoplodactylus lentus Wilson. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) 66:62-68. HEDGPETH, J. W. 1948. The Pycnogonida of the Western North Atlantic and the Caribbean. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 97:157-342. JORDAN, H. E. 1916. The microscopic structure of the leg muscle of the sea-spider, Anoplodactylus lentus. Anat. Rec. 10:493-508. MORGAN, T. H. 1891. A contribution to the embryology and phylogeny of the pycnogonids. Stud. Biol. Lab. Johns Hopkins Univ. 5:1-72. PRELL, H. 1909. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Lebens- weise einiger Pantopoden. Bergen. Mus. Aarb. (1910) No. 10, p. 2-30. 10 INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES Achelia scabra spinosa .... Ammotheidae . Anoplodactyhis lentus parvus petiolatus . . Arachnida .... Callipallenidae Calllpallene brevirostris . Chelicerata . . . Colossendeidae Endeidae Endeis spinosa . . Merostomata Nymphon grossipes . 5,9 5,9 3 L, 7, 9 8,9 8,9 1 6,9 U6,9 1 1 8,9 8,9 1 4,9 hirtipes . . lonfiitarse macrum . . 3, 9 4, 9 9 strbmi 4, 9 Nymphonidae 3, 9 Pallene empusa 1 Phoxichilidiidae 6, 9 Phoxichilidium femoratum 1, 2, 7, 9 maxillare 1 Pseudopallene circularis 6, 9 Pycnogonidae 8, 10 Pyenogonum littorale 1, 2, 8, 10 Tanystylum orbkulare 1, 6, 9 Tubularia 2 11 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Preparation of the "Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States" is being coordinated by the following Board : Coordinator: Melbourne R. Carriker, Marine Bio- logical Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. Advisers: Marie B. Abbott, Marine Biological Lab- oratory. Arthur G. Humes, Boston University Ma- rine Program, Marine Biological Lab- oratory. Wesley N. Tiffney, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Mass. Ruth D. Turner, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cam- bridge, Mass. Roland L. Wigley, National Marine Fish- eries Service, Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. Robert T. Wilce, Department of Botany, of Botany, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass. The Board established the format for the "Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States," invites systematists to collaborate in the preparation of manuals, reviews manuscripts, and advises the Scientific Editor, National Marine Fisheries Service. The illustrations were drawn by Susan P. Heller of the Systematics-Ecology Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. Eva S. Montiero typed the manuscript. Preparation of the manual was sup- ported in part by Grant GB-24,832 from the National Science Foundation and by a grant from the Whitehall Foundation to the Systematics-Ecology Program. COORDINATOR'S COMMENTS Publication of the "Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States" is most timely in view of the growing universal emphasis on environmental work and the urgent need for more precise and complete ident- ification of coastal organisms than has been available. It is mandatory, wherever possible, that organisms be identified accurately to species. Accurate scientific names unlock the great quantities of biological infor- mation stored in libraries, obviate duplication of re- search already done, and make possible prediction of attributes of organisms that have been inadequately studied. Dr. McCloskey commenced his study of the systematics of the Pycnogonida in 1964. Preliminary drafts of this manual were prepared in the spring and summer of 1971 during a portion of Dr. McCloskey's tenure in the Syste- matics-Ecology Program as a Postdoctoral Fellow spon- sored by the Whitehall Foundation. He joined the staff of the Department of Biology, Walla Walla College, Col- lege Place, Washington, in the fall of 1971. Manuals are available for purchase from the Superin- tendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. 20402. The manuals so far published in the series and their cost per copy are listed below. COOK, DAVID G., and RALPH O. BRINKHURST, Marine flora and fauna of the Northeastern United States. Annelida : Oligochaeta $0.35 BORROR, ARTHUR C. Marine flora and fauna of the Northeastern United States. Protozoa: Ciliophora 0.65 MOUL, EDWIN T. Marine flora and fauna of the Northeastern United States. Higher plants of the marine fringe 0.65 McCLOSKEY, LAWRENCE R. Marine flora and fauna of the Northeastern United States. Pycnogonida 0.30 GPO 987-535 12 MBL WHOI Library - Serials 5 WH SE 00510 349. Use of abstracts and summaries as communica- tion devices in technical articles. By F. Bruce Sanford. February 1971, iii + 11 pp., 1 fig. 350. Research in fiscal year 1969 at the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Beaufort, N.C. By the Laboratory staff. No- vember 1970, ii + 49 pp., 21 figs., 17 tables. 351. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base, Pascagoula, Mississippi, July 1, 1967 to June 30, 1969. By Harvey R. Bullis, Jr., and John R. Thompson. November 1970, iv + 29 pp., 29 figs., 1 table. 352. Upstream passage of anadromous fish through navigation locks and use of the stream for spawn- ing and nursery habitat, Cape Fear River N C 1962-66. By Paul R. Nichols and Darrell ' E.' Louder. October 1970, iv + 12 pp., 9 figs. 4 tables. 356. Floating laboratory for study of aquatic organ- isms and their environment. By George R. Snyder, Theodore H. Blahm, and Robert J. Mc- Connell. May 1971, iii + 16 pp., 11 figs. 361. Regional and other related aspects of shellfish consumption — some preliminary findings from the 1969 Consumer Panel Survey. By Morton M. Miller and Darrel A. Nash. June 1971, iv + 18 pp., 19 figs., 3 tables, 10 apps. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS STAFF ROOM 4 50 1 107 N E 45TH ST. SEATTLE WA 98I0S FOURTH CLASS POSTAGE AND FEES PAID US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE COM 210 OFFICIAL BUSINESS Marino Biological Laboratory C Library - Periodicals Woodu Holo, Ma 02.543