HARVARD UNIVERSITY. LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. los 7 i. GIFT OF ALEXANDER AGASSIZ. xo, i^s'^. -1 '■ 'iL %^ Ai, /ff9. Price 5s 6d. SUPPLEMENT TO THE FISHES OF INDIA; BEIKQ A NATURAL HISTORY OP THE FISHES KNOWN TO INHABIT THE SEAS AND FRESH WATERS OF ^NDIA, BURMA, AND CEYLON. BY FEANCIS DAY, CLE., F.L.S., & F.Z.S., Knight of the Grown of Italy, Hon. Member Deutscher Fischerei-Verein, and of the American Fisheries Society, President Cheltenhatn Natural Science Society, Vice-President of the Cotstvold Naturalists' Field Club, etc.. Deputy Surgeon-General Madras Army (retired), and formerly Inspector- General of Fisheries in India. WILLIAMS AND NORGATE, 14, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON; AND 20, SOUTH FREDERICK STREET, EDINBURGH. ' ■ 1888. SUPPLEMENT TO THE FISHES OF INDIA; BEING A NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FISHES KNOWN TO INHABIT THE SEAS AND FRESH WATERS OP INDIA, BUEMA, AND CEYLON. BY FEANCIS DAY, CLE., F.L.S., & F.Z.S., KnigJit of the Croivn of Italy, Eon. Member Deutscher Fischerei-Verein, and of the American Fisheries Society, President Cheltenham Natural Science Society, Vice-President of the Cotswold Naturalists' Field Club, etc.. Deputy Surgeon-General Madras Army (retired), and formerly Inspector- Ge^ieral of Fisheries in India. ?3uliIi'sI)cTi fig WILLIAMS AND NORGATE, 14, HENEIETTA STKEET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON; AND 20, SOUTH FREDERICK STREET, EDINBURGH. 1888. d Jl H ~ 782 FISHES OP INDIA. An example from tlie Isle of France exists in the National Museum ; another is in the Paris Museum, received fromM. Lienard, of the Mauritius, and the coloured figure of a Madras specimen termed Semharra punnee, Pam., exists in the late bir Walter iiihot s collection made at Madras. Page 24. Seeranus guttatus. It has been my belief that this is a variety of the 8. liemistichis, the latter wanting the cross bands. S. guttatus was figured in colours in the Fisclie de Sudsee by the late Mv Ford and as the specimen was superior to mine I requested him to employ the same fish for my uncoloured representation. He did so, but the bands had faded, and now the Siidsee figure is referred to as S. guttatus, mine as S. hemistictus. As both were from the identical specimen by the same artist, it afibrds an additional argument that they are varieties of one species. Page 25. Sereanus leopardus. Add to synonymy. Serranus sexmaculatus, Riipp. Atl. Fische, p. 107. Serranus zanana, Cuv. and Val. ii, p. 339. Page 27. Variola lotjti. Add to synonymy. Serranus flavimarginatus, Riipp. Atl. p. 109. Serramis novemcinctus, Kner, Novara Fische, p. 17, t. ii, f. 1. Page 27. For Anthias mdltideks read Apeion pristopoma. Add synonyms. ■Pristipomoides typus, Bleeker, Sumatra, p. 575. Bentex pristopoma, Bleeker, Celebes, p. 216. Mesoprion dentex, Bleeker, Enum. Pise. p. 20. Lutjanus dentex, Bleeker, Amboina, p. 278. Chcetopterus prist ipoma, Bleeker, ChEetop. p. 83, and Fish. Madagascar, t. x. Anthias multidens, Day, Fish. India, p. 27, pi. vii, f. 4. Aprion pristipoma, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. viii, p. 79 ; Pero. t. Iviii, f. 3. Centopristis pristopoma, Klunzinger, Fisc. Roth. Meer, p. 16. Add Genus. Aphareus, Cuv. and Val. , ., t n- ^r Branchiostegals seven, pseudohrancUm. Body ohlong. Cleft of mouth wide and oblique, the lower jaw the longer. Preopercle and preorlital entire. Canines absent, palate edentulous. A single dorsal fin, with the front portion the highest, spines (10-12) feeble: caudal forked. Scales small. Air-bladder simple. A respiratory cavity behind the branchice. Pyloric appendages few. Page 27. Aphareds rutilans. Aphareus rutilans, Cuv. and Val. vi, p. 490; Riippell, N.W.F. p. 121 ; Bleeker, Amboina, p. 52, and Atl. Ich. vii, Perc. t. xxi, f. 2 ; Gunther, Catal. i, p. 386 ; Klunz. F.R.M. p. 45. Aphareus furcatus, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. viii, p. 80. B. viii, D. ia;H P. 16, V. 1/5, A. |, C. 17, L. 1. 65-70, Coec. pyl. 5. Length of head 4, of caudal fin 3| to 3f , height of body 4f to 5 in the total length. ^j,es_cliameter 4 in the length of the head, 1^ diameters from the end of the snout and 1 apart. Tee^/t— anteriorly in two or three rows, in a single row posteriorly. Fins— ionrth. and fifth dorsal spines the highest in the fin ; last dorsal and anal rays prolonged to twice the length of the penultimate ones ; caudal deeply forked. Colours— rose j, darkest along the back, with a yellow blotch between each ray of the dorsal fin near their bases ; caudal lobes with dark tips. , Bleeker considered this species to be identical with Labrus furcatus, Lacep., or Aphareus ccerulescens, Cuv. and Val. i. -nr tt i Habitat.— Red Sea to the Malay Archipelago. Obtained at Ceylon by Mr. Ualy. Page 28. Add Grammistes pdnctatus. Cuv. and Val. vi, p. 504 ; Giinther, Fische d. Siidsee, 1875, p. 11, t. ii, f. B; Bleeker, Fish. Madagascar, 1874, p. 24, t. xiii, and Atl. Ich. vii, p. 69, Perc. t. lix, f. 5. B. vi, D. ?/tV, p. 16, V. 1/5, A. 11, C. 17. Lcnn-th of head 3i, of caudal fin 7, height of body 4 in the total length. Eyes— high up, diameter 5^ in the length of the head, about | a diameter apart. Lower jaw the longer. Vertical limb of preopercle with spinate denticulations : three spines on opercle. A barbel, rather longer than one diameter of the eye, at the symphysis of the lower jaw. SUPPLEMENT, 1888. 783 Teeth — generic. Scales — small, imbedded in mucus. Colours — grayish-brown, with small white dots. A third species, with 7 or 8 dorsal spines and a more elongated body, has been found at the Seychelles, and appears to be G. compressus, Lienard. Page 33. For Ldtjanus Bengalensis read L. kasmira. Forskal's species appears to be identical with Holocentrus Bengalensis, Bloch, but the variety he mentions with a black lateral blotch is H. quinquelinearis, Bloch, and is certainly a distinct species, the latter differing, irrespective of colouring, in many important points from the former, for its preopercular notch is deeper, its eye larger, its snout more rounded, &c. In some specimens the bands on the side are red, not blue. Page 37. Lutjanus argentimaculatcs. Add synonym. Mesoprion garretti, GUnther, Fische Siidsee, p. 15, t. xiii, f. B. Page 40. For Lutjanus quinquelineatus read cjirtjleolineata. Add synonym. Mesoprion ccendeolineata, Klunz. F.R.M. p. 15. Erase synonym Holocentrus quinquelineatus, Bl. Schn, as this appears to have been a misprint for H. quinquelinearis, and referred to Blooh's figure No. 239. The species here described is identical with one of Bloch's specimens thus marked in the Berlin Museum. Page 41, Lutjanus pulviilamjia. Omit from synonyms. Sparus antilca doondiaivah, Russell, Fish. Vizag. i, p. 7G, pi. 98. Mesoprion unimaciilatus, Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Freyc. p. 304, &c. „ aurolineatus, Cuv. and Val. iii, p. 496. „ Russellii, Bleeker, Perc. p. 41. Lutjanus notattis, Bleeker, Ternat. p. 233. Genyoroge notata, Cantor, Catal. p. 12. Mesoprion ehrenhergii (Peters) Boulenger, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. G65. Page 42. Lutjanus fulviflamma, var. Russellii. Add synonyms as omitted from last species. Lutjanus russellii, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. viii, p. 71, Perc. t. xxii, f. 2. Page 42. Add Lutjanus nigra. Scicena nigra, Forsk. Desc. Anim. p. 47 ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1300. Lritjanus nigra, Bl. Schn. p. 326. Biacope nigra, Cuv. and Val. ii, p. 431 ; Rupp. N.W. Fische, p. 93, t. xxiy, f. 1 ; Klunz. Fische, R. M. p. 11. Proamblys niger. Gill, Proc. Ac. N. Sc. Phil. 1862, p. 236. {Young.) Biacope viacolor, Cuv. and Val. ii, p. 415 ; Less. Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. iv, p. 409, and Voy. Coq. Zool. ii, p. 230, pi. xxii, f. 2. Mesoprion macolor, Bleeker, Celebes, iii, p. 753. Genyoroge macolor et nigra, Giinther, Catal. i, p. 176, Fish. Zanzibar, p. 14. Macolor typus, Bleeker, Amboina, Ned. T. Dierk. ii, p. 277. Lutjanus macolor, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. viii, p. 75, Perc. t. Ixv, f. 3. B vii, D. Ti-°TT, P- 17, V. 1/5, A. T5?TT> C. 17, L. I. 45-50, Cooc. pyl. 4. Length of head 35, of caudal fin 4^ to 4^, height of body 3 to 3^ in the total length. Byes — 3^ to 4 diameters in the length of the head, 1 diameter from the end of the snout, and 1 apart. Upper profile of head very convex. Lower jaw the longer. Vertical limb of preoperele with a deep notch to receive a large interopercular knob, and its lower edge serrated. Fins — dorsal and anal with their soft parts pointed, pectoral long, reaching the anal. Caudal emarginate. Colours — adult, of a grayish-black, immature, dark purplish, nearly black (belly bluish), with several light spots along the base of the dorsal fin. Alight band along the middle of the body and tail fin. Another from the eye over the jaws, and a third down the opercle. Fins dark, the posterior ends of dorsal and anal fins light- coloured. Caudal lobes tipped with white. Bleeker considered that Lutianus nigra to be distinct from L. macolor. Habitat. — Red Sea, East Coast of Africa, Navigator Islands to the Malay Archipelago, and Mr. Haly in 1887 had an example sent from the Maldives to the Ceylon Museum. Page 48. 1. Priacanthus blochii. Add synonyms. Scicena hamruhr, Forsk. Des. An. p. 45. Anthias hamruhr, Bl. Schn. p. 307. Priacanthus hamruhr, Cuv. and Val. iii, p. 104 ; Giinther, Catal. i, p. 219 ; Bleeker, Atl. Ich. vii, p. 13, Perc. t. Ixxv, f . 3. 784 FISHES OP INDIA. Priacanthus macracanthus, Cuv. and Val. iii, p. 108 ; Giintlier, Catal. i, p. 220. fax, Cuv. and Val. vii, p. 473; Giinther, Catal. i, p. 220. Pao-e 48. 2. Peucaxthus holocexxeum, page 746. Add synonym. Priacanthtis tayenus, Kicliards. Ich. China, p. 237; Gunther, Catal. i, p. 221 ; Bleeker, Atl. Ich. vii, p. 12, Perc. t. Ixxi, f . 4. Priacanthus schnittU, Bleeker, Sumatra, p. 572 ; Gunther, Catal. i, p. 220. Page 51. Ambassis ranga. Add synonym. Ambassis notatus, Blyth, P. Asi. Soc. Beng. 1860, p. 138 (not A. haculis). Page 55. Add Ambassis mtops. Ambassis myops, Gunther, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 655. B. vi, D. 7/i P. 12, V. 1/5 A. f, C. 17, L. 1. 29, L. tr. 4/9. Length of head 4, of caudal fin 4|, height of body Zi in the total length. Eyes — diameter one-third of the length of the'head, 2/3 of a diameter from the end of the snout, and the same distance apart. Lower jaw the longer. Cleft of mouth very oblique : the maxilla reaches to beneath the front edge of the orbit. Preorbital with seven strong teeth along its lower edge : a spine at the posterior-superior angle of the orbit. Vertical limb of preopercle entire : its horizontal double edge serrated the lower most coarsely so. Sub- and inter-opercles entire. Teeth — villiform in jaws, vomer, and palate, a small central band at the root of the tongue. Fitis — second spine of the dorsal longest and equal to 4| in the total length, and 2/3 the height of the body below it. Ventrals reach the vent : pectoral reaches'^to above the third anal spine, which latter is longer and weaker than the second, but half shorter than the third dorsal spine. Scales— two to three rows along the cheeks. Lateral-line— cnTxes to near the middle" of the soft dorsal, when it becomes straight, it is uninterrupted. Coluurs—silveTj, with a burnished lateral band. Interspinous membrane between the second and third dorsal spines spotted with black. Eabitat.—Sea. at Madras, from which Mr. Thurston has sent me one specimen 4 inches long, to the Malay Archipelago and Cook's Islands. Page 59. Apogon endekatjinia. Omit species and unite with A. fasciatus, p. 60. Page 61. Add Apogon thcrstoni. B. vii, D. 7/i P. 14, V. 1/5, A. f, C. 17, L. 1. 26, L. tr. 2/6|. Length of head 3i, of caudal fin 5^, height of body 2i in the total length. Eyes- diameter 3|- in the length of the head, | of a diameter from the end of the snout, and 1 apart. A very slight rise from the snout to the base of the dorsal fin. Snout a little elevated: upper iaw slightly the longer, and extending posteriorly to below the last third of the orbit. Both limbs of the preopercle serrated, the vertical one finely and evenly, the angle rather coarsely and the lower limb more irregularly: shoulder scale serrated. Teeth — villiform ones in jaws, also present on vomer and palate. Fins — Dorsal spines strong, the two first short, the third slightly the longest, and equal in length to the head behind the middle of the eyes, and nearly half the height of the body below it: the rays of the second dorsal as long as the longest dorsal spine and one-fourth longer than those of the anal fin. Pectoral reaches to above the anal spines, and the ventral nearly as far. Caudal somewhat square at its extremity. Lateral-line very slightly curved, becoming straight on the free portion of the tail : its tubes simple with a basal expansion on each side. Colours— greyish, darkest along the back and a dark band behind the base of the second dorsal fin r an oval black spot nearly as large as the orbit and surrounded by a narrow yellow ring exists below the lateral line and under the first dorsal fin. Vertical fins black, caudal yellowish. Habitat.— Uadras, from which Museum I have been lent by Mr. Thurston, a specimen 3 inches long. Page 62. Apogon bifasciatus. Add synonym. Apogon maxiinus, Boulenger, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 655. Some very fine examples, in which the black spots are unusually large, were received from the Persian Gulf and thus named. The third and fourth dorsal spines are only half the length of the head, the eye is naturally smaller than in recorded specimens, and the maxilla'' extends to below the middle of the eye. These fish reach to about 10 inches in length. Page 63. Apogon ellioti. Add synonym. Apogon arafurcB, Giinther, Challenger Shore Fishes, 1880, p. 38, pi. xvi, f. C. SUPPLEMENT, 1888. 785 Page 64. Apogon maceopteeus. Add synonym. Apogon lineolatus (Elir.) Cuv. and Val. ii, p. 160; Riipp. Atl. p. 47, t. sii, f. 2. Page 65. Add Apogon tickelli. Apogon poecilopteriis, Cantor, Catal. p. 2 (not Cav. and Val.). B. vii, D. 6/J^, P. 13, V. 1/5, A. |, C. 15, L. 1. 24 (26) L. tr. 3/8. Length of head 3 to SJ, of caudal fin f)\, height of body 3j in the total length. Eyes — diameter \ of length of head, nearly 1 diameter from the end of the snout, and f to 1 diameter apart. Lower jaw very slightly the longer. The maxilla reaches to sUghtly behind the hind edge of the eye. The posterior edge of the preopercle finely serrated except in a small portion of its lower part. A considerable rise from the snout to the base of the first dorsal fin. Fins — first dorsal spine one-third the length of the second, which is equal to the third and about 2\ in the length of the head ; second dorsal somewhat higher than the first. Caudal rounded. Scales — finely ctenoid. Colours — jsale hoi-n above and below, with a slight golden tinge on the opercles : caudal and ventral both having a dark hind edge. A round black spot at the root of the caudal fin. Hahitat. — Col. Tickell procured two examples at Akyab (see figure 4'2 inches long, " scale 10/16," p. 215, MSS.) and it seems to be identical with Cantor's fish. Page C>G. For Cheilodipterds lixeatus read C. macrodox. Omit synonyms Perca lineata, Forsk., P. arahica, Linn., Cheilodipterus lineatus, Lacep., and G. arabicus, Cuv. and Val. Add Paramia macrodon, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. vii, p. 105. Page G&. Add 3. CnEiLODiPTERU.s lineatus, also synonym omitted from last species. Page 71. Genus Datnia to be included with genus Therapon. Page 72. Plate xviii, fig. 8, for P. nageh read P. stridens. Page 80. Add Diagramma cuvieki. Bodian cuvieri, Bennett, Fish. Ceylon, p. 13, pi. xiii. Diagramma selce, Bleeker, Scioenidaj, p. 24. Plectorhi/nchris sebce, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. Perc. t. xxvii, f. 3. Diagramma lessoriii, Giinther, Catal. i, p. 329, and Fische Sudsee, p. 28, t. xxiii (not Cuv. and Val.). Diagramma cuvieri, Playfair, Fish. Zanzibar, p. 28. Plectorhynchus cuvieri, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. viii, p. 21. B. vii, D ia:iA, p. 18, V. 1,5, A. f, C. 15, L. 1. 70, L. tr. 11/30. Length of head 3? to 4, of caudal fin 7, height of body 3i in the total length. Eyes — diameter 2\ to 3i in the length of the head, 1^ diameters from the end of the snout, and 1 apart. The maxilla reaches nearly to beneath the front edge of the eye. Vertical limb of preopercle serrated. Fins — dorsal spines slightly higher than the rays, the second to the fourth being of about the same length, and the longest in the fin, while each is about equal to one-third of the height of the body ; second anal spine the longest and strongest. Scales — ctenoid. Colours — silvery with horizontal grayish or brownish bands, the upper of which are wider than the ground colour, these bands unite anteriorly over the nape and snout, while the upper ones end posteriorly at the base of the dorsal fin. Fins yellowish, the dorsal, caudal and anal with some dark bands and sjaots and dark outer edges. A specimen 7^ inches long received from Madras through the kindness of Mr. Thurston, has D —J, which is very interesting, as showing how great a variation in the number of spines and rays may exist, for the usual numbers are D xflxf- Habitat. — From the East Coast of Africa, to Ceylon, Madras, and the Malay Archipelago to 380'" : and in the British Museum to 14| inches. Page 81. Diagramma geiseum. Add synonym. Diagramma jayahari, Boulenger, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 656. This differs from the types in having one more spine and ray in the dorsal fin, or D 13/22, but Mr. Thurston has lately sent me a specimen from Madras with D 12/22. Some error occurred in Mr. Boulenger's description, for if " the greatest dejjth of the soft dorsal equals the length of the longest spine, or seven-eighths the depth of the body," this fin would be enormously developed. However, we are also informed that the longest dorsal 786 PISHES OF INDIA. spine is " not quite one-tbird the length of the head," and it is manifestly improbable that any Diagramma would have the length of its head equalling nearly three times the height of the body when that height is " thrice and two-fifths in the total length." In fact the form is similar to that figured as Z>. griseum, C.V. In the " Fishes of Zanzibar " it was pointed out that D. griseum was subject to variations in colour, and one was figured showing four whitish curved cross bands. There is no genus of Asiatic marine fishes with more variation in the colour of individual specimens and local races than shown in that o? Diagramma. While I stated that in the young some sinuous and narrow light blue lines exist over the snout and cheeks, and also several sinuous blue lines taking an oblique direction from the head upwards, and which extend to nearly the length of the body. Page 92. Stnagris japonicus. Add synonym. Dentex filamentosus, Steind. Sitz-Bert. Akad. Wien. 1868, p. 97G. ,, hlochii, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. viii, p. 90, Perc. t. Hi, f. 4. Page 93. For Stnagris notatus read S. TJ;jsiOPTERas. Add synonym. Dentex toeniopteriis, Cnv. and Val. vi, p. 246 ; Bleeker, Atl. Ich. viii, p. 83, Perc. t. Ivi, f. 5. Page 96. For Datnioides polota read D. quadeifasciatus. Add synonyms. Choetodon quadrifasciatus, Sevastian, Mem. Acad. St. Peters. 1809, i, p. 448, t. xviii. Datnioides quadrifasciatus, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. viii, p. 32, Perc. t. xxvii, f. 1. Page 97. Gerres setifer. Add synonym. Gerres altispinis, Giinther, Introd. Study of Fish, p. 388, and fig. 159. Page 106. For Chj;todon guttatissimus read C. miliaeis. Add synon. Chcetodon guttatissimus, Giinther, Fische Siidsee, i, p. 46, t. xxxv, f. A. „ citrinellus, Cuv. and Val. vii, p. 27 ; Giinther, 1. c. p. 47, t. xxxv, f. B. Tetragonoptrus miliaris, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. ix, p. 39, t. 377, Chset. t. sv, f. 3. Page 107. For Chj)todon vittatus read C. trifasciatus. Add synonyms. Chcetodon tau nignim, Cuv. and Val. vii, p. 38 {young). Citharoedus vittatus, Kaup, Arch. Nat. 1860, p. 142. Tetragonoptrus trifasciatus, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. ix, p. 35, t. 377, Chsetod. t. xv, f. 1. Page 108. For Chjitodon lunula read C. fascia'ius. Add synonyms. Chcetodon fasciatus, Forsk. Descrip. Anim. p. 59. ,, flavus, Bl. Schn. p. 225. ,, ocellatus, Bleeker, Timor, p. 212. ,, u'ieheli, Kaup, Chsetod. i, p. 126. Tetragonoptrus fasciatus, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. ix, p. 41, t. 374, Chsetod. t. xii, f. 2. Page 109. For Chj;todon oligacanthus read C. ocellatus. Add synonym. Parachcetodon ocellatus, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. ix, p. 24, pi. 377, Chsetod. t. xv, f. 4. Page 110. Zanclus coKNurns. Add synonyms. Chcetodon canescens, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 466 (young). Zanclus centrognathus, Cuv. and Val. vii, p. 528 ( ,, ). Chcetodon nudus, Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 76. Zanclus canescens, Giinther. Catal. ii, p. 493 {young). Gnathocentrum centrognathum, Guichen. Ann. Soc. Linn. Maine et Loire, ix, Ich. p. 4 (young). Zanclus cornutus, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. ix, p. 77, Chfetod. t. iv, f. 1, 2. Page 126. Add Family— MALACANTHID^, Gunther. Branchiostegals from five to six : pseudobranchisB present. Gill-openings wide, the membranes united beneath the throat. Gills four, with a slit behind the fourth. Body elongated and compressed, lips thick. A posterior canine tooth in the premaxillaries. Dorsal and anal fins with many rays, the first few of the former not being articulated. Ventrals thoracic with one spine and five rays. Scales small, and finely ctenoid. Air-bladder simple. Pyloric appendages absent. SUPPLEMENT, 1888. 787 Genus 1. Malacanthus, Cuv. Cleft of mouth horizontal, ivith the jaws equal anteriorly. Opercle with a spine: pre- opercie entire. Eyes lateral. Villiform teeth in the jaws, having an outer band of stronger 07les : palate toothless. A long continuous dorsal fin with the first four to six rays not articulated. Habitat. — Tropical seas. 1. MALACANTH0S LATOVITTATTJS. Labrus latovittatus, Lacep. iii, p. 526, pi. xsviii, f. 2. TcBnianotus latovittatuSyJjuoep. iv, ^. S04!. n- i\, Malacanthus latovittatus, Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Astrol. iii, p. 701, pi. xx, f. 3 ; Gunther, Catal. iii, p. 361. ht ^ t j •• Malacanthus tmiiatus, Cut. and Val. xiii, p. 327, pi. 381 ; Bleeker, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind. ii, p. 218. B. iv-y, D. „*^, P. 17, V. 1/5, A. 33^,0. C 17, L. 1. 125. Length of head 4, of caudal fin 9, height of body 6 to 7 in the total length. Eyes- high up, and situated nearly midway between the end of the snout and the posterior extremity of the opercle, diameter 7 in the length of the head : cleft of mouth doesnot reach to below the front edge of the orbit. Fins— the dorsal commences above the axil of the pectoral but does not extend on to the caudal. 6'oZomw— brownish with a broad black band along the side from the pectoral to the caudal fin. Habitat. — New Guinea, Mauritius. Ceylon (Haly). Page 134. For Lethrinus eostratus read L. miniatus. Add synonyms. Sparus miniatus (Forster) Bloch, Schn. p. 281. Lethrinus miniatus, Cuv. and Val. vi, p. 316 ; Bleeker, Atl. Ich. viii, p. 121, Perc. t. xxxi, f. 3. Lethrinus olivaceiis et waigiensis, Cuv. and Val. vi, pp. 295, 297. „ acutus, Klunz. Fis. R. Meeres, p. 38, t. vii, f. 1. Page 138. For Sphj:rodon heterodon read S. grandoculis. Add synonyms. Scicena grandoculis, Forsk. p. 53. Chrysophrys grandoculis, Cav. and Val. vi,p. 134. Lethrinus latidens, Cuv. and Val. vi, p. 316. Sphmrodon grandoculis, Riippell, N. W. Fische, p. 113, t. s.^viii, f. 2. „ latidens, Kner, iSTovara Fische, p. 83, t. iv, f. 1. Monotaxis grandoculis, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. viii, p. 105, Perc. t. xxi, f. 1. Page 138. Pagrus spinifer. Add synonym. Pagrus ruber, Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, page 658. Mr. Boulenger has instituted a new species from the Persian Gulf having "a protuberance between and in front of the eyes ;" of the dorsal spines the " third longest, compressed and curved, its length one-third to one-fourth the depth of the body," being apparently considered sufficient to characterize it. In Cuv. and Val. we are told that in Fagrus spinifer the third dorsal spine is 2/3 the height of the body, and the fourth about the same length. If, however, a large number of specimens are brought together it becomes at once apparent that this difference in the length of the dorsal spines is almost entirely owing to the age and size of the example. In two young specimens from Sind,_each 3 inches long, the filamentosus prolongation reached the caudal fin, but as age increases the .sample is 13 inches long, 7i| in the total. In two small specimens, 7 and 7-4 inches respectively in length sent to the British Museum by Colonel Playfair, the length of the prolonged rays is absolutely greater than in the larger examples. In a Madras specimen 4-8 inches long the_ third dorsal spine is 2 inches long, or 2i in the total length ; and in a larger example 9 inches long the third doi-sal spine is I'S inches long, or 1/5 of the total length, while the frontal protuberance is well developed. I figured an intermediate sized one in which this spine was about 3i in the total length or 2/3 of the height of the body. It is no doubt true that in the young considerable variations are seen in the length of these rays, which prolongations become absorbed with age. The two types of P. ruber are somewhat large specimens, but if we examine the foregoing figures we see as follows respecting the third dorsal spine, at 19 inches it equals lOf, at 13 inches 7^1, at 9 inches 5, at 7 inches 3^, at 4'8 inches 21 in the total length. * 5 I 788 FISHES OF INDIA. Page 140. Cheysophets datnia. Add synonyms. Spariis hasta, Bleeker, Revis. 1876, p. 9, t. iii, and Atl. IcTi. viii, p. 108, Perc. t. Ixvii, f. 3. Page 140. Cheysophets beeda. Add synonyms. Sparus dahlia, Bleeker, Revis. 1876, p. 5, t. ii, and Atl. Icli. viii, p. 109, Perc. t. Ixxvii, 4 f. Page 141. Cheysophets cuviebi. Add synonyms. Sparus cuvieri, Bleeker, Over. Vers, en Meded. der Konig. Akad. v. Weter. 1877, c. fig. Page 142. For Cheysophets haffaka read C. aeies. Omit synonymy and insert, Sparus haffara, Forsk. &c. Page 143. For Pimelepteeus fuscqs read P. waigiensis. Omit synonyms and insert. Xyster fuscus (Comm.) Lacep. V. pp. 484,485. Pimelepterus fuscus, Cuv. and Val. vii, p. 264, &c. Page 145. For Cieehites fasciatus read Cieehitichthys fasciatus. Having obtained some small specimens of this fish from Madras, I find teeth present on the vomer and palatine bones. Page 150. Scoepj;nopsis guamensis. Add synonyms. Scorpmna rwhropimctata (Ehren.) Cuv. and Val. iv, p. 324. Sehastes minutus, Cuv. and Val. iv, p. 348. Scorpcena chilioprista, Riipp. N. W. F. p. 107, t. xxvii, f. 2. ,, gtcamensis, Giinther, Fische Siidsee, p. 74, t. 56, f. B. Sehastopsis polylepis, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1862, p. 278; Bleeker, Scorp. 1873, p. 21, t. iv, f . 2, and Atl. Ich. Scorp. t. v, f. 1. Page 150. For Scoep^nopsis oxycephala read S. leonina. Add synonym. Scorpcena leonina, Richardson, Ich. China, p. 216. Page 154. For Pteeois cincta read P. eadiata. Page 163. For Genus Pseudosynanceia read Leptosynanceia, Bleeker. This latter genus is said to possess vomerine teeth. Page 169. Myeipeistis botche. Add synonym. Myripristis murdjan var. adusta, Giinther, Fische Siidsee, p. 92, pi. Ixii. Page 173. Holocenteuii sammaea. Add synonym. Holocentrum pJatyrhinum, Klunz. Synopsis Fische R. M. p. 725. Page 175. For Pempheeis mangula read P. malabarica. Omit synonyms and add Pempheris malaharica, Cuv. and Val. vii, p. 308. Page 175. For Pempheeis Molucca read P. Eussellii. Omit synonyms. Add Sparus viangula-hutti, Russell, Fish. Vizag. ii, p. 10, pl. siv. Pempheris manr/ula, Bleeker, Atl. Ich ix, Pemph. t. i, f. 2 (not Cuv. and Val.). .'' ,, rhomboidexhs, Kossm. and Raiiber, Fis. R. M. p. 18, t. i, f. 4. This species is identical with Russell's fish but not -with P. mangula C.V., a form figured in Giinther's Fische d. Siidsee, t. lix, f. B ; whereas Klunzinger's P. mangula difilers again from both species. Page 182. Umbeina sinuata. Add synonym. TJmhrina striata, Boulenger, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 660. Page 200. Teichiueus muticus. Add synonym. Trichiuriis cristafus, Kluuz. F. R. M. p. 121, t. siii, f. 5 (head). Page 201. Teichiueus SAV.ALA. Add synonym. ? Trichiurus auriga, Klunz. F. R. M. p. 121, t. xii, f. 1. Page 204. Acanthurus tennentii. Col. Tickcll, MSS., p. 297, has a figure of a form from Avrakan very similar to this species, but with 8/25, A. 3/23, which he termed A. tristis. Colours — slatc-grny and SUPPLEMENT, 1888. ''^9 sHfflitly cinereous along the back. Dorsal fin olivaceous along its base : caudal blackish along ts^centre, nearly white externally. Ventrals whitish external y black, ^-^-^f.^l-;; ^'f^^ band extends from the upper edge of the orbit across the top of the opercle to the base of the pectoral fin which it crosses. Pa°'e205. Eor Acanthueus mata read A. gahm. Add synonyms. _ Acanthurus galun, Forsk. p. 64 ; Cuy. and Val. x, p. 219 ; Giinther, Fische Sudsea, i, p. 113, t. Ixxiv. Acanthurus nigricans, Riippell, Atl. p. 27. „ matoides, Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 330. owmtZam, Cuv. and Val. X, p. 209. , „.. , • mn i. t -^ f Tt BlochU, Cuv. and Val. x, p. 209 ; Gunther, Fische Sudsee, i p. 109, t Ixix, f . B. melanurus, Cuv. and Val. x, p. 240 ; Gunther Catal.iu, p. 34b (2/o»«?). argenteus, Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Uranie, p. 372, t. Ixni, f. 2 ; Gunther, Catal. lu, p. 346 (young). „ xantJiopterics, Cantor, Catal. Malayan. Fish, p. 209, pi. iv. Page 207. Acanthurus strigosus. Add synonyms. Acro7iurtis lineolatus, Klunz. F. R. M. Synopsis, ii, p. 511 _ , „ ., p o„ov nnd Gaim Acanthurus striatus, Gunther, Fische Sudsee, i, p. Ub, t. Ixxix, f. B. (? ? Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Uranie, p. 373, pi. Ixiii, f. 3). Page 214. Cakanx kdeea. Add synonym. Decaptems Bussellii, Klunz. P. R. M. page 91. Page 214. Caeanx melampygtjs. Add synonyms. Garanx stellatus, Eyd. and Soul. Voy. Bonite, Poiss. p. 167, t. iii, f. 2. „ hixaiithopterus, Rupp. N. W. F. p. 49, t. xiv, f. 2. Pao-e 216. Caranx hippos. Add synonyms. Garanx flavo-cmruleus, Schlegel, Fauna Japon Pisces, p. 110, t. lix, f. 2. parapistes, Richards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 13b, pi. Ivm, f. 6, i. Garangus marginatus, Gill, Proc. Phil. Acad. 1S63 p 166. Caranx caninus, Giinther, Trans. Zool. Soc. vi, p. 43^. Page 217. Caeanx feedau. Add synonyms. GarangoidesheviigymnoMhus,B\eckerUackre],v.GL Garanx venator, Playfair, Fish. Seychelles, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 859, fig. 2. Page 221. Caranx malabaricus. Add synonyms. Garangnides telamparoides, Bleeker, Makrcl, pp. 69, 91. Garanx impudicus, Klunz. F. R. M., p. 99. Page 223. Cakanx nigeescens. Add synonym. Caranx jayaJcari, Boulenger, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 661. Page 226. Caranx speciosus. Add synonyms. Caranx rilppellii, Gunther, Catal. ii, p. 445. „ edentulus. All. and Macleay, 1877, p. 327. Pao-e 228. Seriolichthts bipinnulatus. Add synonyms. SerioZa :;jMmMZa to, Poey, Mem. ii, 1858. _ Elagatis pinnulatus, Gilb. in F-W. Fish. N. America, 1883, p. 446. Page 230. [Chorinemus sancti-petei. Add synonyms. ? Lichia tolooparah, Riipp. Atl. p. 91. Ghorinemm tol, Kner, Novara Fish, p. 162. i tt , s toloo, Klunz. F. R. M. Synopsis, p. 447 (not Cuv. and Val.). ',' moadetta, Klunz. F. R. M. p. 105 (not Cuv. and Val.). Page 230. Chorinemds moadetta. Add synonym. Ghorinemus mauritiana, Cuv. and Val. viii, p. 382. Page 231. CnoRiNEMUS lts.4.n. Add synonym. Ghorinemus orientalis, Schlegel, Fauna Japon. Pisces, p. 106, t. Ivii, f . 1. ^ ^ ^ 790 FISHES OF INDIA. Page 233. Teachtnotus eussellii. Add synonym. Trachynotns coppingeri, Giinther, Fish. Alert Expedition, 1881-2, p. 29, pi. iii, f. A. Page 234. Trachtnotds ovatus. Add synonym. Trachynotus kennedyi, Steind. SB. Ak. "Wein. Ixsii, p. 75, f. 9. Page 237. Psenes javanicus. Add synonym. Fsenes guamensis, Giinther, Fische Siidsee, ii, p. 145, t. xci, f. 100. Page 244. Add Gazza argentaria. Zeus argentarius (Forster) Bloc]], Schn. p. 96 ; Forster, Descr. Anim. p. 288. Gazza tapeinosoma. Bleaker, Sumatra, p. 260. argentaria, Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 506, Fische Siidsee, ii, p. 144, pl. xci, f. B. ; Klunz. F. R. M. p. 108. Eqimla clentex, Peters, Fish. Moss. p. 246 (not C. V.). Length of head 3| to 4, of caudal fin 5, height of body 2i to 2| in. of the total length. .E^/e— diameter | of "the length of the head, 2/3 of a diameter from the end of the snout. Teeih — canines of moderate size. Fins — first dorsal higher than the second. Colours — body grayish, \yith some dark lines passing along the rows of scales, light-coloured on the chest ; dorsal, anal, and ventral fins nearly black, caudal of a dull yellow. Habitat. — Red Sea, Madras to the Malay Archipelago. A coloured figure named Psani pare, Tamil, exists among the late Sir W. Elliot's drawings. Page 250. Scomber microlepidotus. Add synonyms. Scomier loo, Cuv. and Val. viii, p. 52. „ moluccensis, Bleeker, Amboina, p. 40. Page 251. Add Scomber janesaba. Scomher pneumatopliorus minor, Schleg. Fauna Japon. Pisces, p. 94, pl. xlvii, f. 2. „ janesaba, Bleeker, Japan, p. 406, and Verb. Bat. Gen. xxvi Japan, p. 96; Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 359. B. vii, D. 9-10 I y\ I V-VI,P.22,V. 1/5, A. 1 1 j^, | ,V-VI, L.l. ca. 180. Length of head 3|, of caudal' fin 7j, height of body 7 in the total length. Eyes- diameter 3| to 4| in the length of the head, U diameters from the end of the snout, and 1 apart. S'nout more pointed than in S. microlepidotus. Teeth— in jaws sti'onger than in the last species, and well developed on the vomer and palatines. Colotcrs—simi\a.v to those in the last species, with the addition of two or more rows of dark spots along the back and also some transverse streaks. Habitat. — Persian Gulf to Japan. Page 263. Add Percis ctlindrica. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1888, p. 260. B. vi,D. 5/21, P. 15, V. 1/5, A. 17-18, C. 15, L. 1. 44, L. tr. 2|/9. Length of head 4, of caudal fin 5|, height of body 5j- in the total length. Eyes — diameter Sj in the length of the head, 1 diameter from the end of the snout, and i of a diameter apart. The greatest width of the head equals its length, excluding the snout. Cleft of mouth very slightly oblique : lower jaw a little the longer : the jjosterior extremity of the maxilla reaches to beneath the first third of the orbit. The greatest depth of the preoi-bital equals one-third of the diameter of the eye. All the opercles entire : a well-marked spine on the opercle and another on the subopercle, no shoulder spine. Teeth — two enlarged ones on either side, above the symphj-sis of the lower jaw: fine ones on the vomer. i^'ms— second dorsal spine the longest, equalling three-fourths of the diameter of the eye. Pectoral nearly as long as the head. Ventral one-fourth longer than the head, reaching the base of the seventh anal ray. Caudal slightly rounded. Gulours — reddish-brown, with five wide and dark vertical bands, extending from the back to the lower surface, these bands being darkest at their edges and disappearing about the middle of the body, where there are also some dark spots. A brown ocellus at the upper part of the base of the caudal fin, which has some brown spots on it. Numerous brown spots on the snout and upper surface of the head and cheeks, some on the upper edge of the eye, where there are two dark narrow bands. Ventrals white. First dorsal fin nearly black between the spines : soft dor.sal and anal with fine dots between the rays. Habitat. — Two small specimens from the Andamans. SUPPLEMENT, 1888. 791 Page 264. For Sillago domina read S. panijius. Add synonym. Gheilodipterus panijius, Ham. Buch, Fish Ganges, pp. 57, 367. Page 267. For Pseudocheomis xanthochir read S. poscus. Add synonym. Pseudochromis fuscus and adustiis, Miill. and Troscli. Horte Ich. 1849, p. 23, t. iv, f. 2 • Bleeker, Atl. Ich. ix, Scieenidse, t. v, f. 4. Col. Tickell figured two varieties of a species of this genus taken at Saddle Island, off Kyouk Phoo. He gave the D. 22, A. 13-14, and stated that the scales -were large. The one he termed Malacocantlms coccinicauda being of dark burnt umber colour, becoming a little purplish below. Pins pale brown. Dorsal rays vermilion. Anal with a pale red band along its centre. Caudal deep carmine. The second, M. hicolor, had the anterior half of its body yellow olive-green, its posterior half superiorly including eyes, dorsal, caudal, and anal fins sepia, upper and lower margins and angle of caudal whitish gray. Pectoral and ventral yellowish. A row of small irregular spots of a smalt colour along the middle of the posterior half of the body. Page 278. Add Genus 2— Trigla, Artedi. Hoplonotus, Guichenot. BrancMostegals seven : pseudohrancMce present. Head parallelopiped, with its superior and lateral surfaces bony. Villiform teeth in both jaws, and usually on the vomer, btit none on the palatines. Tivo dorsal fins, the first being of less extent than the second: three free filaments at the base of the pectoral fin. Air-hladderivell developed, generally provided with lateral muscles, and sometimes partially divided internally by partitions. Pyloric appendages few or in moderate numbers. Geographical distribution.— Coa,sts of Europe, and one species extending across the North Atlantic to the western shores of North America. To the south it passes round the west coast of Africa from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean, and one species has been obtained in the Persian Gulf on one hand, and also in Japan ; consequently it is here inserted as Indian. 1. Trigla hemisticta. Temra. and Schlegel, Fauna Japon. Poiss. p. 36, pi. xiv, f. 3, 4, pi. xiv, B. ; Gunther, Catal. ii, p. 201. Trigla arabica, Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, page 663. B. vii, D. 7/11-12, P. 11 + iii, V. 1/5, A. 11-12, C. 16. Length of head about 3, of caudal fin 5|, height of body 5| in the total length. Eyes— li diameters from the end of the snout, and 1} apart. Profile from upper edge of orbit to the snout scarcely concave. Preorbital produced anteriorly into a flattened spine ; two spines on the preopercle, the upper the larger. Opercle ending posteriorly in a strong spine equalling the diameter of the orbit ; shoulder bone with two spines. Teeth— villiform. Fins — dorsal spines strong, the third and fourth the longest. A bony plate along the base of the dorsal fin, wider in small than in large examples. Pectoral reaches to above the third anal ray, three free appendages. ,S'ca/es— small. Colours — upper part of body rosy, witli numerous small rounded or oblong black spots : lower half of body white. First dorsal with a large black oblong blotch and a row of small round black dots along the middle of the second dorsal: inter-radial membrane of pectoral bluish-black. Habitat. — An example 9 inches long has been obtained from Muscat, the species has like- wise been brought from Japan. Page 278. Genus 3 — Peeistethus, Kaup. Brancliiostegals seven : pseiidobranchim present. Bead parallelopiped in shape, the sides and upper surface cuirassed with bone : the preorbital prolonged aideriorly into a flat projecting 2n-ocess. One or more barbels on the lower jaw. Teeth absent. One or two dorsal fins, the posterior of which is most developed. Tivo free pectoral appendages. Body covered ivith bony, scale-like plates. Pyloric appendages feiv, or in moderate numbers. Air-bladder present. Geographical distribution.— Vrom the south coast of Britain to the Mediterranean, also from the Atlantic and Indian Oceans to China. It has likewise been obtained at the Sand- wich Islands in the South Pacific Ocean. Page 278. Peeistethus halei. Peristethus, Haly, The Taprobanian, vol. i, 1886, p. 165. B. vii, D. 7/15, V. 1/5, A. 15, L. 1. 34. 792 FISHES OF INDIA. " Preorbital processes shoi-t, their length being contained Sj times between their extremity and the anterior margin of the orbit. A pair of spines on the occiput, on either side of which is a low ridge terminated by a small spine. Anterior vertical plates longer than broad. The opercular ridge forms a strong spine. Lower jaw with barbels. Colours — uniform red." Habitat. — A single specimen taken at Galle in deep water in April, 1883. Page 279. Dacttlopterus orientalis. Add synonym. Gorystion orientalis, Bleeker, Waigou, 1868, p. 3. Page 284. Among Sir W. Elliot's and Dr. T. 0. Jerdon's MS. illustrations of Indian fishes are several undescribed gobies, but as the notes respecting them have been lost, I can merely give such details as are shown on the drawings ; the subject of scales and teething being omitted, must be ascertained by future observers. No specific names are attached, as the descriptions are merely for the purpose of directing the attention of collectors to the forms. Page 284. Gobius ? Natsuli, Jerdon. D. 6/J3, A. 13. Length of head 4f , of caudal fin 6, height of body 6 in the total length. Eyes — rather high up, diameter 4-1- in the length of the head, 1^ diameters from the end of the snout. Cleft of mouth oblique, lower jaw somewhat the longer. Teeth ? Fins — spines and rays somewhat filamentous, and of about equal height, nearly equalling that of the body. Caudal rounded. Scales ? Colours — of a light buff, with a row of oval brown spots along the middle of the body, and several scattered smaller ones above ; among these are inter- spersed many small yellowish-red dots. First dorsal fin with a row of orange spots along its base and a dark outer margin. Second dorsal with a similar row of orange spots along its base, a dark band along its centre, and a dark outer edge. Ventrals black. Anal with two orange bands and a dark outer edge. Caudal with 6 or 7 narrow vertical brown or orange bands, and a dark outer edge. Habitat. — Madras, to 4 inches in length. Page 284. Gobius ? D. 7/13, A. 13. Length of head 6, of caudal fin 4|, height of body 7 in the total length. Eyes — very high up and of moderate size. Fins — dorsal with a short interspace, somewhat higher than the body. Pectoral longer than the head, caudal somewhat lanceolate. Colours— hxiS, becoming pink beneath, a row of cloudy spots along the middle of the sides, and indistinct bands. Numerous fine black dots on the back. A black mark under the eye. A black spot on the last two dorsal spines, both dorsal fins and ujjper half of caudal spotted. A dark base to the jaectoral fin. Habitat. — Adyar River near Madras, to 2'8 inches in length. The other two forms are as follows: — No. 1, elongated, height about one-twelfth of its length. Eyes high up. Pectoral fin short. Caudal lanceolate. Bufl^-coloured, becoming white beneath. Fins immaculate, except the caudal which is irregularly spotted. Madras. No. 2. Height 8 in its total length. Eyes high up. Pectoral fin longer than the head. Caudal lanceolate, light brown, irregularly banded : two dark bands from the eye : a large black spot on the upper portion of the first dorsal fin : caudal irregularly spotted. In another figure a black ocellated spot may be present on the hind edge of the last dorsal i-ays ; while in a third the spot on the first dorsal is absent. Page 284. Add Gobids gtmnocephalus. Bleeker, Batavia, page 473 ; Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 75. Karum natsooli, Tam. B. V, D. Ql^l,^, P. 17, V. 1/5, A. ^V, C, 13. Length of head 6, of caudal fin 4J, height of body 8 to 9 times in the total length. Eyes — high up, diameter 41 in the length of the head, -J of a diameter from the end of the snout, and placed close together. Head higher than broad : snout obtuse : cleft of mouth oblique, the maxilla reaching to below the hind edge of the eye. Teeth — canines in both jaws. Fins — dorsal spines flexible, nearly as high as the body : caudal lanceolate. Scales — minute. OoZo?t)-s— greenish stone colour, becoming lightest beneath : three or four vertical bands on the body and another on the nape, with indistinct narrow intermediate ones. Dorsal fins darkish, unspotted : caudal also dark and reddish externally, said to have several SUPPLEMENT, 1888. 793 bltie and red streaks. Anal with a narrow and nearly central band along its extent, which is red externally and bine inferiorly. ■ n a ■ -l • i xi, Hafcita^.— Madras to the Malay Archipelago. Jerdon's figure is 6-4 inches m length. He has likewise the figure of another fish with much the same proportions, but the number of rays is not enumerated. He termed it Natsi candai. Tarn. Body of a light colour, four, horizontal narrow red lines along the first and three along the second dorsal fin two along the anal which has likewise a dark outer edge. Three narrow red vertical bands down the base of the caudal fin, which has an outer dark margin. Page 286. Gobius vieidipdnctatds. Add synonymy. QoUus chlorostigma, Bleeker, Blen. en Gob. p. 27. Page 288. Add Gobius thuestoni. B. V, D. 6/Jo, P. 22, V. 1/5, A. 10, C. 14, L. 1. 30, L. tr. 8. Length of head 4f, of caudal fin4f, height of body H in the total length %e3— upper margin near the dorsal profile, diameter 4i in t^e length of the head, IJ diameter from the end of the snout and 1 apart. Head i wider than long, while its height equals its leno^th without the snout. An oblique rise from snout to eyes, from whence the dorsal profile is nearly straight : the width of the body equals f of its height Upper jaw slight y the lono-er, cleft of mouth rather oblique, the posterior extremity of the maxilla hardly reaching to beneath the front edge of the eye. A single row of warts across the cheeks No barbels. Teei!/i— villiform with an outer enlarged row, and a small canine m either -jaw Fins— First dorsal separated by a short interspace from the base of the second dorsal, its spines flexible, the longest equalling the height of the body below it : the last rav'i of the second dorsal somewhat prolonged, i longer than the dorsal spines, and reach- ino-'to the base of the caudal fin. Pectoral as long as the head, its upper edge straight, its lower rays the shortest, some of its upper rays silk-like. Ventral reaches vent ; anal similar to second dorsal; caudal wedge-shaped. ScaZe^- strongly ctenoid and angular, anterior to the dorsal fin comparatively small, there being 11 rows between the posterior eds-e of the orbit and the first dorsal spine : 8 rows between the bases of the second dorsal and anal, none on the head. C'o^o »rs-slatey-grey, with 5 rows of dark and interrupted narrow brown bands in the anterior portion of the body, becoming brown spots from the pectoral fin on the base of wliich are two well-marked brown blotches. Numerous sma 1 blue spots on the body: first dorsal with brown spots: ventral black, and with a dark outer edge. EaUtat— One specimen 4| inches long, sent by Mr. Thurston from Madras. Page 291. Add Gobius miceolepis. Gobius acutipinnis, Y&r. Ca,ntor, Catsd. p. IS4:. „ microlepis, Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. xxii, Blenn. en Gob. p. 35, and Java, u, p. 4.36 ; Giinther, Cat. iii, p. 49. OxyuricUhjs microlepis, Bleeker, En. Species, p. 120. B. V, D. 6/j\, P. 22, V. 1/5, A. -^V, C. 17, L. 1. 50. Length of head 6, of caudal fin 3 to 3i, height of body from 7-| to 9 in the total length. Eyes-hmh up, and placed rather close together ; diameter, 4 m the cngth of the head, and about 1 diameter from the end of the snout. Cleft of mouth oblique, lower jaw the lono-er, the maxilla reaches to below the hind edge of the eye. Snout obtuse, leeth— in a sino-le row without canine, those in the upper jaw a little longer and further ap.irt than those in the lower jaw. !''/«.— both dorsals higher than the body, in some examples the fifth ray of the first dorsal fin has a filamentous prolongation. Caudal lanceolate Oolo^irs — o-reenish or brownish-bufP, with some clouded spots on the back and sides, a black clot at the edge of most of the scales : sometimes a black spot at the base of the caudal hn. Pine dark spots on the rays of the dorsal fins ; anal and caudal stained dark, especially externally. Eahitat.—M&Avas, to the Malay Archipelago and China. Page 296. Gobius sadanundio. Add synonym. Gobius pleurostigma, Bleeker, Blenn. en Gob. p. 28. Page 297. Add Gobius littoeeus. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1888, page 261. B.v, D. 6/11, P. 15, V. 1/5, A. 10, C. 14, L. 1. 22, L. tr. 6. Length of head 41, of caudal fin 4|, height of body 5| in the total length. Eyes- T9i FISHES OF INDIA. diameter 3 in the length of the head, | a diameter from the end of the snout and placed close together. The greatest -width of the head equals f of its length, while its height equals its length excluding the snout. Anterior profile of head somewhat obtuse. Cleft of mouth oblique, lower jaw slightly the longer : the posterior extremity of the maxilla reaches to beneath the first third of the eye. Preopercle spineless, and no warts on the head. Teeth — in villLform rows, none enlarged. Fins — dorsal spines of moderate strength, the longest nearly half the length of the head. Pectoral as long as the head, some of its rays fine and silk-like : caudal pointed. Scales — finely ctenoid, none on the head : eleven rows between the occiput and front edge of the dorsal fin. Colours — yellowish with a few dark spots on the body and a dark band from the eye to the snout, also a dark mark on the opercle. Upper half of eye black. Dorsal, anal and caudal fins with a gray outer edging : ventrals white. Habitat. — A small species from Madras. Page 297. For Gobiodon quinque-steigatus read G. rivulatus. Add synonyms. Gohius rivulatus, Riippell, Atl. Fisch. p. 136, and N. W. F. p. 138. .'' „ histrio, Cuv. and Val. xii, p. 132, pi. cccxlvii. Goliodon rivulatus, Giinther, F. Siidsee, ii, p. 180, t. cix, f. F. and Q-. Page 299. Sictdium halei. B. V, D 6/12, P. 19, V. 1/5, A. 11, C. 14, L. 1. 56, L. tr. 16. Length of head 5^, of caudal fin 7i, height of body 7 in the total length. Eyes — upper margin on dorsal profile, diameter 4^ in the length of the head, 1\ diameters from the end of the snout, and 2 apart. Body subcylindrical. Interorbital space nearly flat, snout obtuse and rounded, an oblique fall from orbit to it. Upper jaw the longer and overhung by the snout : cleft of mouth nearly horizontal : the maxilla reaches to below the middle of the eye. Lips thick. No warts, barbels or scales on the head. Teeth — in maxilla, in a single external movable row in the gums, directed almost horizontally, and a single inner row of longer pointed and curved ones, these two rows being divided by a consider- able interspace: a large recurved canine on either side of symphysis of the lower jaw: in a single row of much smaller teeth in the upper jaw. Fins — spines of first dorsal ending in filamentous prolongations, but the longest is not quite so high as the body below it. A con- siderable intei-eijace between the first and second dorsal fins, the rays of the latter are equal to about half the height of the body, and similar to the anal. Ventral does not extend half way to the anus. Caudal rounded at the extremity, its central rays somewhat the longest. Pectoral as long as the head, excluding the snout. Scales — strongly ctenoid, the exposed portion above twice as high as wide, and rounded, about 19 rows from occiput to first dorsal fin, the first few anterior rows somewhat small, the remainder on the body of about the same size. Colours — greenish brown, a black interorbital band which is con- tinued from the eye to the angle of the mouth : some dark vertical bands on the body : a dark outer edge to ventral and anal, also a dark band to outer edge of caudal, margined externally with white, which is widest at the angles. Habitat — Ceylon, from whence Mr. Haly has sent me an example 3 inches long. Page 310. Eleotris maceolepidota. This fish is not E. hoediii, &c. Bleeker, as observed in Giinther's "Fische der Siidsee," ii, p. 185, as the type at Berlin (No. 2155) has D. 7/i, A. -Jo, the last ray in both being almost double, and therefore counted as two by Bloch. L. 1. 30, L. tr. 13-14, and from 26 to 28 scales between the snout and first dorsal fin. Page 310. Eleoteis muralis. Add synonym. Eleotris lineato-oculatus, Kner, SB. Wien. Ak. Ivi, p. 720, t. iii, f. 1. Page 311. Add Eleotris Ellioti. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1888, p. 262. Cul nachooli, Tamil. B. vi, D. 6/12, P. 21, V. 6, A. 13, C. 13, L. 1. 80, L. tr. 16. Length of head 4^, of caudal fin 4|, height of body 5| in the total length. Eyes — high up, diameter 3| in the length of the head, 1 diameter from the end of the snout. Height of head -j of its length : interorbital space narrow. Cleft of month somewhat oblique, the maxilla extends posteriorly to beneath the middle of the eye. Teeth — rather large, in single row in the upper jaw with two small lateral canines : in two or three rows in the centre of the lower jaw, separated from the single lateral row by two large recurved canines. SUPPLEMENT, 1888. 79& Fins— dorsal spines thin, flexible and equal in height to the body below them, second dorsal and anal of similar height and one-third lower than the first dorsal. Pectoral nearly as long as the head. Candal ronnded with its central rays somewhat the longest. Scales — ctenoid in the posterior portion of the body, where they are larger than in the anterior portion, and small on the sm-face of the head : none on the cheeks. Colours- whitish with five wide and light chestnut bands descending fi-om the back, each of which has a black outer edge : another over the nape is without dark edges. Caudal fin brown, with a broad yellowish black-bordered vertical band down its centre. A dark horizontal band running along the cheeks below the eye. Dorsal fins light brown with white outer edges, a large black white-edged blotch in the posterior half of the first dorsal fin, and a second but smaller one at the termination of the second dorsal, which last fin is white at its base. Habitat.— Madras. A skin from Sir W. Elliot's collection is 32 inches in length, but it is in a bad condition. A coloured drawing was made when the fish was fresh. Page 312. Eleotris poeocephalus. Add synonyms. Eleotris ophioceplialus, Cuv. and Val. sii, p. 239 ; Giinther, Fische Siidsee, ii, p. 185, t. cxii, f . A. Eleotris viridis, Bleeker, Madura, p. 22. Ophiocara ophiocephala, Bleeker, Eleotriformes, 1874, p. 15. Page 312. For Eleotris ophiocephalus read E. tcjiifrons. Add synonyms. Eleotris tumifrons, Cuv. and Val. xii, p. 2-11. Ophiocara lioedtii (young) , tolsoni (yoimt)) , and aporos, Bleeker, Eleotriformes, 1875, pp. 33, 35. Eleotris macrolepidotiis, Giinther, Fische, Siidsee, ii, p. 186 (not Bloch). Eleotris macrocephalus, Giinther, 1. c. t. cxii, f. B. Page 323. Add Family— TRICHONOTIDiE, Gunther. Branchiostegals seven : pseudobranchiae. Gill-openings wide. Body elongated, sub-cylindrical. The infraorbital ring of bones does not articulate with the preopercle. Teeth mostly villiform. One or two dorsal fins occupying almost the entire length of the back, when there are two, the first is short and the anal similar to the second dorsal. Fin rays branched. Ventrals jugular with one spine and five rays. No prominent papilla near the vent. Scales cycloid of moderate size. Air-bladder and pyloric appendages absent. The fishes of this family have been variously located. A species of Hemeroccetes was placed by Forster and also by Schneider among the Callionymidix, and near which Cuv. and Val. considered it should be located. Dr. Giinther (Catal. Fishes Brit. Museum, ii, p. 225) observed that it "is not an Acanthoptcrygian fish, all its fin rays being articulated." Subsequently he remarked (1. c. iii, 1861, p. 4S-i), that the affinities of these fishes are very obscure, and instituted an Acanthopterygiau family for their reception, observing that the ventral fin had one spine and five rays, he placed it between the Ophiocephalidte and Cepolidte, and in 1880 he located it among the Acanthopterygii Blenniiformes. Steindachner, in 1867, suggested that a species he described might possibly be a type of labroids, but the example was too small to examine the pharyngeal bones. GeograpJdcal distrihdion. — Small fishes of the seas and coasts of India, and the Malay Archipelago to New Zealand. Genus V. — Trichonotus, Bl. Sclm. Bead depressed and pointed, with the lower jaio the longer. Cleft of mouth deep, almost horizontal, the loiverjau' the longer. Eyes of moderate size, closely approximating. Conical teeth in jaws, vomer, and palatine bones. One long dorsal fin, the first fev) rays may be elongated, or else slightly detached. Habitat. — Andamans to the Malay Archipelago. 1. Trichonotus setigerus. Bl. Schn. p. 179, t. xxxix; Cuv. and Val. xii, p. 316; Bleeker, Celebes, v, p. 251; Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 484. 5 E 796 FISHES OF INDIA. Trichonotus polyoplitlialmus, Bleeker, Ceram. iii, ]). 243 (female). ■yyyyi/;6jJJ^^i^ B. vii, D. -i-^, P. II, V. 1/5, A. 37, C. 13, L.l. 58, L. tr. 6. Length of head 4, of caudal iiii 6i, height of hody 10 in the total length. Hyes — diameter \ of the length of the head, 1 diameter from the end of the snout, and placed close together, so that they are directed somewhat upwards. Teetli — a single row in the jaws, vomer and palatines, being somewhat enlarged in the iutermasillaries. 'Fins — owing to the small size of the example, it is difficult to count the number of rays. The dorsal commences above the axil of the pectoral, its two first rays are not elongated (? age or sex), but slightly divided from the remainder of the fin. Habitat. — This example, measuring a little over 1| inches in length, was obtained at the Andamans. Page 324. Add Cepola indica. B. vi, D. plus quam 90, P. 17. A. plus qnam 90. Length of head 8, height of body 8 in the total length. THyes — diameter 3j- in the length of the head, \ a diameter from the end of the snout, and 2/3 of a diameter apart. Cleft of mouth oblique, the maxilla reaches posteriorly to beneath the middle of the eye. A strong spine at the angle of the preopercle, one on the vertical limb above it, and four on the horizontal limb. Teeth — in a single row in both jaws, a small curved canine in an outer row in the lower jaw, also one in upper but not in a separate row. i^'wis^the dorsal commences on a line slightly posterior to the orbit, its rays are unbranched, they increase in height to the sixth, which is 2/3 that of the body below it, from whence they gradually decrease and join with the caudal, there appear to be over 100 rays. Anal begins beneath the ninth dorsal spine, and has nearly as many rays as the dorsal, it is conjoined to the caudal, the latter being pointed. Scales — small but distinct, they appear as if forming horizontal ridges, cheeks scaled, none on the opercles. Lateral-line — commences from above the middle of the upper margin of the opercle, then ascends to close to dorsal fin and becomes obsolete after first third of the body. Colours — of brick-dust red, dorsal and anal fins with dark outer edges, an oval black spot between eighth and eleventh dorsal rays. Hahitat. — Madras, from whence Mr. Thurston has sent me one specimen 8 inches long. Page 325. For Blennius leopaedus read Salarias beevis. Add synonym. Salarias hrevis, Kner, SB. Wien Ak. Iviii, 1868, p. 334, t. vi, f. 18 ; Giinther, Fische Siidsee, ii, p. 203, t. cxviii, f. c. Page 326. For Blennius steindachneei read Salarias steindachneei. Page 327. Petroscirtes variabilis. Add synonym. ? Petroscirtes petersi, Koss. and Raiib, F. R. M. p. 21, t. ii, f. 9. Page 328. Add Petroscirtes steiatus. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1888, p. 262. B. vi, D. 40, P. 13, V. 3, A. 27, C. 10. Length of head 4f , of caudal fin 6|, height of body 6 in the total length. Eyes — diameter 2f in the length of the head, f of a diameter from the end of the snout, and the same distance apart. The greatest width of the head equals half its length : the maxilla reaches to below the first third of the orbit. Snout somewhat broad and rounded in front, the upper jaw a little the longer. No tentacles on the head. Teeth — an exceedingly large recurved canine on either side of the lower jaw, and a much smaller one in the upper, while about 14 teeth exist in a single row in each jaw between the canines. Fins — dorsal commences midway between the eye and hind edge of the opercles, and does not extend quite so far as the caudal fin, the height of its longest rays equals two-thirds of that of the bodj", and rather more than those in the anal fin, which latter is not united to the caudal. Colours — with about ten broad vertical bands extending from the base of the dorsal to the anal fins, separated from one another by a very narrow light line. SUPPLEMENT, 1888. 797 Dorsal and anal fins externally black edged, and the membrane studded with fine brown, spots. Caudal light-coloured. Habitat. — Ceylon, one specimen 1| inches in length. Page 330. Salaeias fcscus. Add synonym. Salarias phaiosoma, Bleeker, Batoe, p. 317. „ holomelas, Giinther, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist, x, 1872, p. 399. „ niger, Koss. u. Raiib. F. R. M. p. 21, t. ii, f. 8. Page 331. Add Salaeias sindensis. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1888, p. 263. B. vi, D. 13/20, P. 14, V. 2, A. 23, C. 12. Length of head 1/5, height of body 1/5 of the total length. .Byes— situated high up near the dorsal profile, diameter 1/4 of the length of the head, 1 diameter from the end of the snout and also apart. Body strongly compressed, profile from above the orbits to the end of the snout oblique. The height of the head equals its length excluding the snout. The posterior extremity of the maxilla reaches to beneath the front edge of the eye. No tentacles or crest on the head. Teeth — large, well developed, posterior canines. Fins — dorsal not notched, but becoming higher posteriorly where the longest rays equal half the height of the body : anal not quite so high as soft dorsal : dorsal, anal, and caudal rays nnbranched. The dorsal and anal fins not quite connected to the caudal. Colours — olivaceous, four wide brown bands on the head, the three anterior of which encircle it, about twelve vertical bands on the body, more or less distinct, but most so at the base of the dorsal fin. Dorsal fin with a dark mark along its anterior two-thirds : anal black- edged, each ray tipped with pui-e white. In one there appears to be marks of some nan-ow, horizontal bands having existed along the front half of the body._ Habitat. — Three specimens up to 2| inches in length from Kurrachee in Sind. Page 331. Add Salaeias ceuextipinnis. Tickell, Fishes, p. 313, MSS. with a figure. B. vi, D. 13/13, V. 2, A. 17. Length of head 5, of caudal fin 5|, height of body 4 in the total length. Eyes— high up near the dorsal profile. Body compressed : the profile fi-om the eyes to the mouth almost vertical : the posterior extremity of the maxilla reaches to beneath the hind edge of the eye. No crest on the head : a bifurcated supraorbital tentacle and a fringed nasal one. Fins— dorsal not notched, and posteriorly continued on to the caudal fin, its spinous portion equal to tliree-fourths the height of the body and rather more than its soft part. Anal lower than the dorsal, its posterior rays the longest. Colours — rich vinous olive sepia : a large patch of pale yellowish-brown from the angle of the Ups to the lower edge of the subopercle. Caudal fin of the same colour as the body, with the three outer rays above and below tawny. Dorsal fin dusky, its basal half blackish, external half of anterior 17 rays carmine, of the 9 posterior rays black. Anal fin dusky with a carmine band along its centre, and externally with a carmine and black edging. Pectoral paler than the body with its lower rays tinged with carmine. Habitat.— Saddle Island, off Kyoukphoo in Arracan. The specimen was 2-8 inches in length. Page 332. Add Salaeias neilli. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1888, p. 263. B. vi, D. 12/17, P. 13, V. 2, A. 19, C. 10. Length of head 4|, height of body 4| of the total length. Ej/es— situated high up near the dorsal profile, 4"" diameters in the length of the head, 1 diameter from the endof the snout and half a diameter apart. Frontal profile very steep, the head as high as it is long, the maxilla reaches to beneath the last third of the eye. A fringed supraorbital tentacle about twice as long as the eye, a small fringed one at the nostrLl,_ no crest on the head. Teeth— in a single row fixed, a very large curved canine posteriorly in the lower jaw and a smaller curved one in the upper. Fins — spinous portion of dorsal fin lower than the rayed part, the notch between the two portions well marked, the longest dorsal rays are equal to half the height of the body of the fish, neither the dorsal nor anal fins are attached to the caudal, which latter is somewhat wedge-shaped and its rays are branched. Colours — olive with seven or eight short dark bands descending from the dorsal fin down the first third of the body. Some dark bands radiate from the eye : a large black blotch below and somewhat behind the orbit. Two semicu-cular brown bands across the lower surface of the mandibles. Fins darker than the body. 6 K 2 798 FISHES OF INDIA. I have named this fish after A. Brisbane Neill, Esq., to whom I am under great obligations for the valuable assistance he has always afforded me in my publications. Hahitat. — Kurrachee in Sind, out of ten specimens the longest is 2^ inches. Page 332. Salaeias lineatus. Add synonym. Salarias caudolineatus, Giinther, Fische Siidsee, ii, p. 209, t. cxvi, f. F. Page 333. Add Salarias oortii. Bleeker, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind. i, p. 257, f. 15, and Act. Soc. &c. Indo-Ned. iii, Sumatra, p. 39 ; Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 257. B. vi, D. 12/19-21, P. 14, V. 2, A. 23-24, C. 13. Length of head 7, of caudal fin 7, height of body 7 to 7J in the total length. Eijes— high up, diameter J of the length of the head, U diameters from end of snout, which is very slightly oblique. The maxilla extends to somewhat beyond the hind edge of the orbit. A crest on the summit of the head, a fringed tentacle above the orbit and another at the nostrils. Teeth— small canines in the lower jaw. i^/«s— dorsal fin deeply notched almost to its base, while posteriorly it is continuous with the caudal : its anterior portion two-thirds as high as the body, and its posterior at least one-third higher: caudal rounded, its central rays being the longest. Co (ottrs— stone-colour along the back, becoming violet on the side and beneath : darker bands from the back, sometimes arrange(f in pairs. Anterior dorsal reddish-violet, with several undulating narrow white lines and sometimes a small black blotch between the first and second spine. Second dorsal with the white bands taking an oblique direction upwards and backwards :_ bluish marks or spots in its outer fourth. Caudal and anal with their outer thirds brownish. Habitat.— Aden, the east coast of India to the Malay Archipelago. Page 334. Salaeias alboguttatus. Add Kner, SB. Wien Ak. Ivi, 1867, f . 6 ; Giinther, F. Siidsee, ii, p. 205, t. cxviii, f. B. Page 335. Salaeias maemoeatus. Add synonym. Salarias arenatus, Bleeker, Cocos. iii, p. 173 ; Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 249. Page 335. Add Salaeias bicoloe. Salarias bicolor, Tickell, MSS. with a figure. D. 11/17, y. 2, A. 18. Length of head 5, of caudal fin 5, height of body 6 in the total length as shown by the figure, snout not overhanging the mouth, no crest on head, tentacles were not observed. Pins — first dorsal as high as the body below it and separated by a deep notch from the second dorsal, which last is not confluent with the caudal. Colours — anterior half _ of the body so far as to the origin of second dorsal fin of a deep blue (smalt), posterior half carmine-orange. Dorsal fins sepia tinged with smalt, base of second dorsal orange : caudal and anal orange tipped and margined with sepia : pectoral smalt : ventrals whitish. Habitat. — ^A specimen 1| inches long from Saddle Island, Kyoukphyoo, Arracan. Page 336. Add — Genus Acanthoclinus, Jenyns. Six braiicMostegals : jJseudohrancMcB. Body elongate. Cleft of mouth of moderate width. Gills united beneath the throat. Teeth in jaivs, vomer and palate. Dorsal Jin single, occupying most of the length of the bach, it is chiefly compiosed of spines: anal long, and having more spines than rays. Ventral jugular consisting of one spine and three rays: caudal distinct. Scales cycloid: lateral-line present or absent. No air-bladder. Geographical distribution. — Coasts of India and New Zealand. 1. Acanthoclinus indicus. Day, Proc. Zool, Soc. 18S8, p. 2Qi. SUPPLEMENT, 1888. 799 B. vi, D. 21/4, P. 16, V. 1/3, A. 10/4, C. 17, L. 1. 40, L. tr. 14. Length of head 4, of caudal fin 5, height of body 3 in the total length. %es— diameter 1/6 of the length of the head, 1 diameter fi-om the end of the snout, and f of a diameter apart. Cleft of mouth somewhat oblique, the maxilla reaching posteriorly to beneath the hind third of the orbit. Two strong opercular spines. Teeth— in jaws, vomer, and palate Fins — dorsal spines strong, the fins not united with the caudal: pectorals rounded- ventrals long and inserted slightly in front of the base of the pectoral : caudal rounded.' iScaZes— cycloid. Lateral-line— absent CoZojtrs— brownish-black with a milk-white band commencing on the front end of the dorsal fin, and extending to the snout : a white band over the free portion of the tail : a white spot at the base of the pectoral fin : one on either side of the base of the mandibles, one on the isthmus. The posterior half of the ventral fin, also a ring round the vent, white : as well as the tip of the caudal fin. Habitat. — Madras, where one example, an inch long, was captured. Page 336. Add Genus — Ceisticeps, Ctiv. and Val. Branchiostegals six : pseudohranchiai. Body elongate covered with small or rudimentary scales. G-ill-o}}ening wide. Cleft of mouth of moderate width, snout short. Usually some tentacles on the head. Fine teeth on the jaws and vomer. Txvo separate dorsal fins, the anterior heing composed of three spines, the posterior with many rays, the majority of which are spines. Ventral jugular ivith one spine and two or three rays. Pyloric avpemlaqes absent. Viviparous. Ha&itoi;.— Mediterranean, Ceylon to the Malay Archipelago, coasts and rivers of Australia and Tasmania. Cristiceps halei. B. vi, D. 3/V, P. 13, V. i A. tV, C. 14. Length of head 4^, of caudal fin 7, height of body 4f in the total length. Fncs— 4 diameters in the length of the head, 1 diameter from the end of the snout and nearly 1 apart. A_ broad-fringed supraorbital tentacle and a short simple one on the snout. Tee^/i— fine in the jaws and on the vomer, none on tlie palatines or tongue. Fins— ^vst dorsal commences above a vertical line from the hind edge of the eye, and its spines are higher than the front ones in the second dorsal fin, it is not confluent with the caudal. All the pectoral rays unbranched, anal commences below about the eighth spine of the second dorsal : anal with two spines fifteen unbranched and four divided rays. Caudal wedge-shaped. Scales — rudimentary. Lateral-line — with a rather strong curve anteriorly. OoZoars— brownish-yellow with a white mark behind the lower half of the orbit, and some irregularly-shaped similar markings on the occiput and gill-covers, two more at the base of the pectoral fin, a row of about 12 below the base of the spinous dorsal fin, and two more badly developed rows along the sides of the body, of which the three largest are behind the pectoral fin and are longer than wide. Habitat. — Colombo, where it was obtained by Mr. Haly, who is doing such good work among the Ceylon fishes and after whom I have named the single specimen obtained, and which is figured life size. Page 337. Xiphasia setifee. Add synonyms. ? Nemophis lessonii, Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 168. ? Xiphogadus madagascarensis, Playfair, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 11. Xiphasia setifer, Ramsay and Ogilby, Linn. Soc. N. S. W. i, 1886, p. 582. B. vi, D. 128-129 (2.33 ?), P. 13, V. 3, A. 115-116, C. 12. Length of head 16, of caudal fin 32 in the total length. Eyes— 3^ in the length of the head, from i to f of a diameter apart and 1 diameter from the end of the snout : upper profile of the head rounded. The upper jaw slightly the longer. Teeth— a, single row of closely set, recurved, cardiform teeth in the lower jaw, and with a large lateral canine on either side, which is received into a groove in the roof of the mouth. Teeth in the upper jaw similar in size and number to those in the lower, except that the lateral 8G0 FISHES OF IlfDIA. canines, alttougli present, are merely lialf tlie size of those in tlie mandibles. Fins — the dorsal commences above or slightly before the orbits, and extends postei'iorly to the root of the caudal fin to which it is not joined : the anal begins beneath the seventeenth dorsal ray and similarly reaches the root of the caudal fin. The rays of both fins are simjDle, unbranched, and higher than the body. In the Australian examples the caudal fin was distinct with no elongated central ray, but this last was observed by Jerdon at Madras. Colours — alternate bands of dark and light ash : the fins opaline : the dorsal with a black and narrow white-edged margin, becoming widened anteriorly into blotches. Habitat. — Coromandel coast of India, and New South Wales, possibly Madagascar, and probably the South Sea. It attains at least 14 feet in length. Jerdon observed, " said to- be venomous." Page 349. For Mqgil carinatus read M. klunzingeei. Omit synonym Mugil carinatus, C. V. Add Mugil hlunzingeri. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1888, p. 264. Page 349. Add Mugil carinatus. (Ehr.) Guv. and Val. xi, p. 148. D. 4/i, P. 14, V. 1/5, A. I, C. 1.5, L. 1. 38, L. tr. 12-13. Length of head from 4t to 4^, of caudal fin 4J, height of body 4^ in the total length. Ei/es — diameter ^ of the length of the head, nearly 1 diameter from the end of the snout and 1| diameters apart. The greatest width of the head equals its length behind the last third of the eye. Eye with a narrow posterior adipose lid. Interorbital space flat. Upper lip rather thick : preorbital scaleless, moderately curved and serrated : the end of the maxilla visible. The mandibular bones form an obtuse angle : the uncurved space on the chin is broadly lanceolate. About 25 rows of scales between the snout and the origin of the dorsal fin. Fins — first dorsal higher than the second, its spines of moderate strength, the height of the first being equal to the width of the head : the fin commences above the tenth scale of the lateral-line, the second dorsal above the twenty-first: the pectoral reaches the eleventh scale. Soft dorsal and anal fins scaled, the latter commencing very slightly in advance of the vertical of the former. The lowest depth of the free portion of the tail equal to 2i in the length of the head. Scales — no elongated one in the axil, one along the base of the first dorsal, also at the ventral : the scales on the back from in front of the first dorsal fin form a sort of keel for some little distance. Colours — golden around the eye, no black pectoral spot. Haliitat. — Red Sea and seas of India. Page 350. For Mugil planiceps read M. tade. Add synonym. Mugil tade, Forsk. p. 74 ; Cuv. and Val. xi, p. 153 ; Klunz. F. R. M. p. 133, t. x, f. 3 and 3a. Page 353. Mugil ceur. Add synonym. Mijxus superficialis, Klunz. F. R. M. synopsis, i, ]). 831 (young'). Page 355. Mugil crenilabris. Add synonyms. Mugil cirrhostomus, Forster, Desc. Anim. pp. 198, 257. „ fasciatus, Cuv. and Val. si, p. 125. ,, macrochilus, Bleeker, 1854, p. 53. ,, riqjpellii, Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 458. Page 376. Regalecus eussellii. Add synonym. Begalectts pacificus, Haast, Trans. N. Z. Inst, xi, p. 269. Page 378. Amphiprion seb^. Add synonym. Prochilus sebce, Bleeker, Nat. Verb. Holl. 1877, p. 30, and Atl. Ich. t. cccc. Pom. t. i, f. 9. Page 379. Amphiprion bifasciata. Add synonym. Amphiprion trifasciatum, Cuv. and Val. v, p. 395. „ intermedius, Schleg. Overs Amph. &o. p. 19. Coracinus vittatus, Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 85. Prochilus lifasciatns, Bleeker, Nat. Verb. Holl. 1877, p. 31, and Atl. Ich. Pom. t. i, f . 4, 5, 6. Page 381. Tetradeachmum marginatum. Add synonyms. Heliastes reticulatus, Richards. Ich. China, p. 254. Fomacentrus unifasciatus, Kner, Sitz. Wien. Ak. 1868, Iviii, p. 348, f. 24. SUPPLEMENT, 1888. 801 Page 381. Add Tetradeachmum teijiaculatum. Pomacentrus triviaculahis, Eiipp. Atl. Pische, p. 39, t. viii, f. 3. „ nuchalis, Benn. Life of Sir S. Raffles, p. 688. Bascyllus trimaculatus, Cuv. and Val. v, p. 441 ; Giintlier, Catal. iv, p. 13 ; Klunz. P. R. M. 1871, p. 519. Bascyllus jmicolor, Benn. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1831, i, p. 127. „ niger, Bleeker, Yerh. Bat. Gen. xxi, Labr. &c. p. 10. Sparus nigricans, pt. Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 61. Tetradrachmum trimaculatum, Bleek, Atl. IcL. ix, Poma. t. x. f. 8. B. V, D. ri-\^, P- 17 V. 1/5, A. -,^l-„, C. 15 L. 1. 27, L. tr. 3/11, Coec. pyl. 3, Vert 11/14. Length of head 4 to 4i, of caudal fin 5, height of body a little over half of the total length. i?7/es— diameter 2'/5 of the length of the head, half a diameter from the end of the" snout. Preopercle rather coarsely serrated. Scales — lateral-line ceases below the soft dorsal fin, but is continued in the middle of the free portion of the tail, as one or two holes in each scale. Colours— dee^t brown, vertical fins dark, becoming black at their edges. A white spot at the nape, which is sometimes wanting, a second above the lateral- line below the middle of the dorsal fin. Habitat.— Rei Sea, and east coast of Africa to Polynesia. In Sir Emerson Tennent's account of Ceylon, Dr. Giinther gave this species as existing there, which has been confirmed by Haly (Taprobanian, i, 1886, p. 166) who states it to be common at Colombo. Page 382. Pomacenteus teilineatus. Add synonym. Pomacentrus tripunctatus, emarginatus, vanicolensis and cTmjsurtis, Cuv. and Val. v, pp. 421, 422, 423. Pristotis fuscus, Bleeker, Bali, p. 9. Pomacentrus tceniops, Less. Voy. Coq. Poiss. p. 189, t. xviii, f. 1. „ l-atunko, tmniometopon and simsiang, Bleeker, Timor, p. 1G9, Amboina and Ceram. p. 283, and Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind. 1856, xi, p. 90. Pomacentrus lilineafus, Castlenau, P. Z. S. Victoria, ii, p. 89. Page 384. For Pomacentehs albofasciatus read P. PEOSOPOTiENiA. Omit synonyms, and insert Pomacentrus prosopotainia, Bleeker, Singapore, p. G7. Page 384. For Pomacentrus punctatcs read P. livithis. Add synonyms. Chcetodon lividus, Forsk. Desc. Anim. p. 227. Eupomacentrus lividus, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. Pomac. t. iv, f. 5. Page 386. Add Gltphidodon melas. Cuv. and Val. v, p. 472 ; Bleeker, Verb. Bat. Gen. xxi, Labr. Cte. p. 23 ; Schlegel, Ov. Amph. &c. Vcrh. Nat. Gen. Ned. Overz. Bez. p. 23, pi. v, f. 2 ; Gunther, Catal. iv, p. 45 ; Playfair and Giinther, Fish. Zanz. p. 83. Glyphidodou atcr, Cuv. and Val. v, p. 473. Paraglyphidodon melas, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. ix, t. cccciv, f. 4. Nga yanga ap'hyoo, Arracan. B. V, D. 13/13-14, P. 17, V. 1/5, A. T^j^Tir. C. 17, L. 1. 28, L. tr. 3/10. Length of head 4, of caudal fin 5, height of body 2^ in the total length. Eyes— diameter Si in the length of the head, 1 diameter from the end of the snout. The depth of the anterior portion of the suborbital ring of bones equals that of the preorbital. Teef/i— narrow compressed. Fins— dorsal spines rather short, increasing in length posteriorly, the soft portion of dorsal and anal somewhat rounded, caudal slightly emarginate. Lateral-line— ceases below hind edge of dorsal spines. CoZowrs— neutral sepia or dusky, with a greenish tinge beneath : fins black or a little diluted at their bases. Scales edged darker. Ealitat.—Ued Sea, east coast of Africa, Burma to the Malay Archipelago. Page 387. Gltphidodon antjeeius. Add synonyms. Glyphisodon leucopoma, Cuv. and Val. v, p. 480. „ xanthozona and phaiosoma, Bleeker, Sumatra ii, p. 283 and Verh. Bat. Gen. xxii, Bali. p. 9. Glyphidodon dispar, Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 53. ,, cingulus, alhovinctus and henimelas, Kner, Sitz. Wien. Ak. 1867, Ivi, p. 725, Iviii, p. 351, xviii, p. 351, f. 25. Ghjpliidodon zonatus, unimaculatus, modesties and cj/awews, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. Pomac. t. x, f. 2. Ghjphidodontops antjerius, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. Pomac. t. xi, f. 2. 802 FISHES OF INDIA. Page 391. Add Genus — Xipliocliilus, Bleeker. Brancliiosterjals six : pseudohra7ichice present. Bodij ohlonrj : head scaled and nearly as high as long : snout obtuse, tipper lip thin and can he almost hidden under the preorbital. Soth limbs of the preopercle are destitute of scales. Four canine teeth anteriorly in both jaws, ivhile the lateral teeth are soldered into an osseous ridge : a posterior canine tooth present. Fins having the following numbers of rays, D.^ilJ-^, A. Jq- Scales large, 28 or 29 along the lateral-line. No scales along the bases of the fins. Lateral-line continuous. XiPHOCHILUS EOBUSTUS. Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 98 ; Kitinz. F. R. M. 1871, p. 110. B. vi, D. i-Jii'' A. 1%, L.l. 29, L. tr. 3/9. The following is from Dr. Giinther's description : — Height of body nearly 3f , length of head; 3f in the total length. Head nearly as high as long : snout obtuse. Preorbital higher than the orbit, preopercle not serrated. Teeth — four strong canines in either jaw, the outer ones of the mandibles being turned outwards, an obtuse osseous ridge round the edge of the jaws in which teeth are scarcely distinct. Fins — Dorsal spines strong, the last being the longest and equalling one-third the length of the head, the soft dorsal and anal reach the root of the caudal, the last being rounded. Colours — yellowish red, a yellow band along the basal half of the anal and middle of the dorsal fin. Habitat. — One specimen 12 inches long, obtained in Ceylon by Mr. Haly (Taprobanian, i, p. 165), and one in the British Museum is from the Mauritius : also Red Sea. Page 392. Add Cossyphus bildnulatus. Labrus bilunulatus, Lacep. iii, pp. 454, 526, pi. xsxi. Cossyphus bilwiulatus, Cuv. and Val. xiii, p. 121 ; Bleeker, Amboina, ix, p. 4, and Atl. Icli> i, p. 101, t. xxxviii, f. 3 ; Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 105. B. vi, D. iA, P. 16, V. 1/5, A. t\, C. 14, L. 1. 34. Length of head 3|, of caudal fin about 6|, height of body 3i in the total length. Eyes — diameter 5| in the length of the head, and 2 diameters from the end of the snout. Preopercle finely serrated, and scaled. Fins — caudal emai-ginate, the outer rays being pro- duced. Colotirs — reddish with light or yellow stripes and a large black blotch below the hind edge of the soft dorsal fin and over the commencement of the free portion of the taU. Two black lines on the head, one from the snout through the eye, the second from the angle of the mouth to the subopercle. A black blotch between the first three dorsal spines. Habitat. — Isle de France, Ceylon (Haly) to the Malay Archipelago. This fish is considered by some to be identical with G. micruriis, Lacep. C. chabrolii. Lesson, C. maldat, Cuv. and Val. and Labrus spilonotus, Bennett. Page 394. Add Cheilinus undulatus. Riipp. N.W. Fische, p. 20, t. vi, f. 2 ; Cuv. and Val. xiv, p. 108 ; Bleeker, Atl. Ich. i. p. 68, Labroidei, t. xxvi, f. 3 ; Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 129 ; Klunz. P. R. M. 1871, p. 112. Crassilabrus undulatus, Swainson, Fish, ii, p. 225. B. V, D. ^, P. 12, V. 1/5, A. i, C. 11, L. 1. 22-23, Vert. 9/14. Length of head 3-1-, of caudal fin 5|, height of body about 3 in the total length. Eyes — diameter 1/6 of the length of the head and situated in about the middle of its length. Head slightly longer than high, and having a hump in some old specimens. Lower jaw slightly the longer : lips thick. Fins — ventrals not quite so long as pectorals : caudal rounded. Scales — two or three rows of scales on the cheeks. Lateral-line — tubes not branched. Colours — Bluish gi-een, with the anterior half of the body below the lateral-line reddish, as are also the cheeks. Two narrow dark bands pass fi-om the eye to the snout, between which is a yellow one : two similar bands pass backwai-ds from the eye. Many narrow red and yellow lines on the head and chest, and dark undulating bands on the fins, outer edge of caudal yellow. Habitat. — Red Sea, Zanzibar, Ceylon (Haly) to the Malay Archipelago. Page 398. Add Plattglossus metager. Julis metager, Tickell, Fish. MSS. p. 322, c. fig. B. vi, D. ,%, V. 1/5, A. T-V- Length of head 4f , of caudal fin 7, height of body 3i in the total length, according to the figure. Eyes — diameter 4 J in the length of the head, 1| diameters from the end of the snout. Body compressed, the form of the dorsal and abdominal profiles about equally convex. Teeth — the posterior canine said to be large. Fins — dorsal moderately elevated,. SUPPLEMENT, 1888. 803 ecmal in its hiV.l/5,A.A. L-l-75,L.tr.3/27. " Hei-ht of body 3| of the total length, the length of head ^ J'.-^s-anterior dorsal spinrelevated, and equal to the height of the body. Co?o»r.-body vmous-red, barred by eleven purplish-gray stripes : each sc^le with a spot of brilliant emei-ald green Head orange with vfole? red-bordered stripes radiating from the eye, two of these unite to form a broad band de°ceAdinc^from the fourth dorsal spine, past the eye and the mouth to the subopercle. A broad red band on the edge of the opercles. Dorsal fin red gray, with an orange fand covered with small blue spots : anal vinous-red. with an orange border and covered with small blue spots. Caudal dark gi-ay with large b ue, black-eclged spots _^„;,;Va^_Ceylon. A somewhat allied species seems to exist m Cons hleelei i, Hubrecht, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1876 (4) xvii, p. 214. Page 413. Add Pseudoscarus bataviensis. Scarus hataviensis, Bleeker, Java, iv, p. 342. _ r,;„fT,pr Cntal iv n ''SI Pseudoscarus hataviensis, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. i, p. 48, t. xu, f. 3 ; Gunther, Catal. iv, p. -rfl. B. Y, D. tV, P- 14> V. 1/5, A. I, C. 13, L. 1. 25. „ ^- . « • .v, Lencrth of head 4, height of body 3i in the total length. Ejes-d^amebev 6 m the len^h^of the head, 'U dfameters from the end of the snout. Teeth-Wo small ones at he corner of either aw. Fnis-the dorsal spines of about the same length equalling one- 804 FISHES OF INDIA. fourth of that of the body beneath. Caudal nearly square in the young, the outer rays produced in old examples. Scales — two rows on the cheeks, none covering the lower limb of the preopercle. Colours — head superiorly Indian red, extending to snout and throat, becoming gradually more diluted over the belly : golden green on cheeks and opercles. Eye suri-onnded by emerald green, passing downwards in two stripes to the upper lip and chin, a second short one behind the chin : two short branches from the hind edge of the orbit. Body olive green becoming paler below. Dorsal fin banded as follows from summit to base, cobalt, deep vinous-red, emerald green, vinous-red and cobalt. Pectoi-al pale orange. Ventral rosy with its outer ray blue : anal banded as follows from outer edge to base, cobalt, rose, cobalt, red and cobalt. Caudal Venetian red, its upper and lower edges and three vertical bands cobalt. Every scale red at its base. Hahitat. — Arracan to the Malay Archipelago. Page 413. Add Pseudoscaeds dussumieri. ? Scartis dussumieri, Cuv. and Val. xiv, p. 252; Bleeker, Batav. p. 404. ■ Pseudoscarus ditssumieri, Bleeker, Scar. 1861, p. 13, and Atl. Ich. i, p. 46, t. viii, f . 1 ; Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 224. B. V, D. Jo, P- 15, V. 1/5, A. f, C. 13, L. 1. 25. Length of head 3|-, of caudal fin 6| in the total length, i/j/es— diameter 6i in the length of the head, and 3 diameters from the end of the snout. Terf/t— small ones at the comer of cither jaw. Fins — dorsal spines slightly increasing in length posteriorly and not so high as the rays : caudal emarginate except in the young. Scales — two rows on the cheeks and two scales on the preopercular limb. Colours — cajrulean blue, with the lower edge of the body pale rose : the centre of every scale on the blue portion being gall-stone green, as is also the upper portion of the head. Coerulean blue bands and marks are round the orbit also radiating from it towards the forehead, the angle of the mouth, and irregularly over the cheeks. A blue band across the upper lip and another a short distance behind the lower one. Dorsal and anal fins of an orange gall-stone, having a cserulean blue basal, and a second outer band. Caudal of a similar colour with its outer rays blue, and three broken vertical blue bands on its outer half. Pectoral rays as follows : the upper blue, the succeed'ing four gall-stone orange, the remainder hyaline. Ventral outer ray blue, the rest hyaline with the outer halves of the second and third rays orange gall-stone. Halitat. — Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Arracan to the Malay Archipelago. Page 419. Add 2. Beotdla jekdoni. D. 126, V. 1, A. 95. Length of head 6, height of body 5| in the total length. Eyes— in figure, diameter 3| in the length of the head, and f of a diameter from the end of the snout. Fins — dorsal commences over the base of the pectoral, vertical ones confluent. Colours — lilac along the back becoming white beneath, a black band from the eye to the angle of the snbopercle, a second from above the eye passes downwai-ds to the base of the pectoral, which fin it crosses obliquely, a third black band commences on the occiput but soon divides into two, the upper branch going along the base of the dorsal fin, and the lower passing down a short distance and then running parallel to the first. Fins yellowish, three large round black spots edged wifch white along the upper half of the dorsal fin, which has a dark margin, as has also the anal, which, however, is externally edged with white. Habitat. — Taken at Madras in August, and among Sir. W. Elliot's and Jerdon's illus- trations is one 5'4 inches in length. Page 419. 3. Beotdla multibaebata. ? Brotula multibarhata, Schlegel, Fauna Japon. Poiss. p. 251, pi. cxi, f. 2; Giinther, Catalog. iv, p. 371. Geneiates ferruginosus, Tickell, MSS. with a figure. D. C. and A. 165 (186), V. 2. Height of body 5 (4 to 4 J ) , length of head 5* in the total length. Upper jaw the longer. The maxilla extends to below the hind edge of the eye, opercle ending in a spine. Barbels — both jaws with three on either side. Fins — dorsal commences above the base of the pectoral, all the vertical fins confluent. Colours — reddish or vinous burnt umber becoming nearly white below. Vertical fins a little darker edged with black having an outer red margin. Habitat.— Col. Tickell procured one 4-9 inches long at Saddle Island off Kyoukphoo in Arracan in 1862, it is not so deep as shown in Schlegel's figure : Jerdon also procured SUPPLEMENT, 1888. 805 one 8 incTies long at Madras, the depth, of which to the total length was still less, being only one-seventh : a good figure of it exists. Page 419. Add Genus — Fierasfer, Cuv. EcModon, Thompson: Biaphasia, Lowe: Oxyheles, Richardson: Porohronclius (jjoung), Kaup. Branchiostegals seven, psendobrancliiiji ahseat. Body terminating in a long and tapering tail. Gill-opening wide, the membranes united beneath the throat, but not attached to the isthmus. Gills four. The upper jaiv overlapping the lower. No barbels. Cardiform teeth in the jaws, vomer, and palatines, while canines may likeioise he present. Vertical fins continuous, ventrals absent. Vent under the throat. Scales, if present, minute. Air-bladder present. Pyloric appendages' absent. FlERASFEE HOilEI. Oxybeles homei, Richards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, Fishes, p. 44, pi. xHy, fig. 7-18. „ brandesii, Bleaker, Verb. Bat. Gen. xsiv, Chironec. p. 21 and Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind. i, p. 276, f. 1-3. Fierasfer homei, Kaup, Apodal Fish, p. 158 ; Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 382. Length of head 7|, height of body 12 in the total length. Eyes — diameter i of the length of the head, half a diameter from the end of the snout, and 1 diameter apart. The greatest width of the bead *■ of its length. Snout rounded. The upper jaw the longer : the maxilla reaching to behind the posterior edge of the eye. Teeth — in the upper jaw in a rather widely-set, recurved row, and a canine-form one near the centre of the jaws : an outer row of small teeth. In two rows in the lower jaw the outer being the larger and somewhat curved, they are largest near the symphysis : 2 or .3 rows on the palatines : 2 large ones, placed one before the other on the vomer, and surrounded by smaller teeth. Vent in front of a line from the base of the pectoral fin. Scales — absent. Fins — vertical ones enveloped in skin : the dorsal commencing the length of the head behind the front edge of the eyes : the anal beginning behind the vent. Pectoral as long as the head behind the eyes. Colours — yellowish-red, a silvery band going from the upper edge of the opercles along the first fourth of the body : opercles silvery : end of tail with some black reticulations. Habitat. — An example 4'8 inches long received from Madras. It is found in the Malay Archipelago and the Australian Seas. Page 450. Add Leiocassis fluviatilis. Buxordia fiuviatilis, Tickell, MSS. p. 338, c. fig. B. vi, D-i/0, P. 1/7, V. 6, A. 11, C. 18. Length of head 4^, of caudal fin h\, height of body 5 in the total length. Eyes — rather small, high up and in the anterior half of the head. The greatest width of the head equals two-thirds of its length. There is a moderate rise from the snout to the base of the dorsal fin. Upper jaw the longer, upper surface of head smooth. Barbels — a maxillary pair reaching to the posterior edge of the orbit, no others were detected. Teeth — in an uninteiTupted villiform band across the palate. Fins — dorsal spine smooth and nearly as long as the fourth ray which is 4/5 as high as the body below it. Adipose dorsal rather long, commencing a short distance behind the base of the rayed fin. Pectoral spine denticulated internally. Caudal forked. Colours — yellowish horny with darker shades of olive brown on the snout and along the back, also some cloudy markings. A large black blotch on the lateral-line above the anal fin, another between the pectoral and first dorsal. Tip of doi'sal and ends of both caudal lobes black. Habitat. — Col. Tickell obtained four examples, the largest 3| inches long from the Anin, a stream rising near Weywoon, Wagroo in the Tenasserim Provinces. Page 474. Add Genus — Ahjsis, Bleeker. Body someivhat elongated: head broad, and covered with soft skin. Gill-openings of moderate loidth, the membranes stretching across the isthmus, and being slightly notched pos- teriorly. Mouth terminal : the upper jatv slightly the longer. Nostrils, the anterior one ivith slightly tubular edges, posterior with a barbel before it. Barbels eight. Eyes small. Villiform teeth in the jatvs, none on the palate. A short dorsal fin toith one spine and five rays : pectorals horizontal : ventral with six rays : caudal emarginate or forked. Lateral-line present. Skin tubercular. Geographical distribution. — From the Tenasserim Provinces to the Malay Archipelago. 5 l2 806 FISHES OF INDIA. Aktsis pictds. Gunther, Ann. and Mag. N. H. (5) si, p. 1883, p. 138. D. i/0, P. 1/7, V. 6, A. 9. Head broader than deep. Eyes — wide apart, and twice as distant from the gill-opening as from the end of the snout. The distance of the anterior nostrils apart equals about half the length of the snout, while the interspace between the anterior and posterior nostrils equals half that present between the front pair. Barbels — nasal half as long as the head, the maxillary reaching to the origin of the dorsal fin, the outer mandibular ones to the axil of the pectoral, while the inner ones are shorter. Fins — dorsal commences midway between the snout and the adipose fin, its spine comparatively strong. Anal arises nearer the root of the caudal than that of the pectoral. Caudal emarginate : pectoral extending a little beyond the origin of the dorsal, its spine strong and entire : ventrals reaching the vent. Colours — head grayish with minute black spots, body anteriorly black which is contracted into an irregular band that runs along the middle of the posterior pai-t of the body and tail. Dorsal fin with a black band covering all but its front corner and upper edge : caudal and pectoral banded. Habitat. — Tenasserim to 45 millim long. Page 475. Oltra longicauda. Add synonym. Olyra elongata, Giinther, Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist. p. Page 503. Add Family — Galaxid^. Body more or less elongated : abdomen rounded. PseudobrancMse absent. Edge of upper jaw mainly formed by the premaxillaries. Dorsal fin opposite to the anal, no adipose fin. Air-bladder large and simple. Pyloric appendages few. The ova pass into the abdominal cavity before exclusion. Genus 1. — Galasias, Cuvier. Mesites, Jenyns. Definition as in family. Conical teeth in both jaws, vomer and palatine hones, and large ones on the tongue. Habitat. — Southern portion of South America, Australia, New Zealand, and observed to live in fresh waters : this Indian form was from the littoral district. Galaxias indicus. B. ix, D. 13, P. 10, V. 8, A. 18, C. 15. Length of head 8|, of caudal fin 8|-, height of body 11 in the total length. Eyes — 3| diameters in the length of the head and li from the end of the snout. Body elongated and flattened, with a rounded abdomen. Teeth — fine conical ones in the lower jaw, vomer and palatine bones, and some larger ones on the tongue. Fins — ventral well developed and arising midway between the hind edge of the eye and the posterior extremity of the base of the anal fin. Dorsal fin commences opposite the origin of the anal, and in about the commencement of the last third of the total length it is highest in front, and the extent of free portion of the tail behind it equals about 1\ in the length of its base. Caudal forked. Habitat. — Littoral districts of Bengal and Madras, attaining about 2 inches in length. Among the di-awings of the late Sir Walter Elliot is one of a small fish, a little over 1 inch in length, and a magnified copy nearly four times that size. It was taken at Waltair, April 8th, 1853. Its form is deeper than the foregoing, while it has D. 17, A. 24. No ventral fins are shown, and the vent is placed in the centre of the length of the body. Dorsal fin commences slightly in advance of the anal and in the commencement of last third of the total length : caudal forked. Golows — a row of black spots along the edge of the abdomen. Sufiicient details are not given to render one able to decide on the position it should hold. In the absence of ventral fins, whicli may have been overlooked, it somewhat approaches the Leucojpsarion Peter sii of Hilgcndorf. SUPPLEMENT, 1888. 807 Page 520. Add Exoc j:tus altipinnis. Cav. and Val. xix, p. 109, pi. 560 ; Bleeker, Atl. Icli. vi, Scomb. t. i, f. 3 (ventrals too short) ; Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1888, page Exoccetus Icatopron, Bleeker, Atl. Icli. vi, p. 72. B. xi, D. LS, P. 14-15, V. 6, A. 10, C. 14, L. I. 52 ; L. tr. 7-8/2. Length of liead 5 J to 5^ of caudal fin 4| to 5, height of body 7 to 7| in the total length. ji^yes diameter 2|- in the length of the head, f of a diameter from the end of the snout, and rather more than 1 apart. Interorbital space flat or rather concave. Barbels — absent. Teeth — rudimentary. Fi7is — dorsal commences between the hind edge of the orbit and the end of the lower caudal lobe, anteriorly it is two-thirds as high as the body. Ventrals commence midway between the hind edge of the eye and the base of the caudal fin, reaching to the end of the base of the anal. Anal begins on a line below the middle of the dorsal fin. Scales— 28 rows between the occiput and the base of the dorsal fin. CoZoMrs— bluish, becoming silvery along the abdomen : pectoral nearly black with the first ray white, and an oblique wide white band crossing from its outer edge to a little in front of its base. In one specimen the ventral is black tipped : caudal grayish. Eahitat.—Tvio specimens up to 11| inches long received from Bombay: it extends to the Malay Archipelago. Page 549. Cieehina fdldngee. Add synonym. Gohio angrioides, Jerdon. Page 551. Scaphiodon ieregulaeis. Add synonym. Girrhina afghana, Giinther, Trans. Linn. Soc. 1887. Not only does this fish differ from those of the genus Cirrhina in the character of its mouth, but it likewise possesses a serrated osseous ray in the dorsal fin. Page 564. Barbus toe. This species is found in Ceylon, according to Haly. Page 582. Add Genus — Acanthonotus, Tickell (MSS.). Mouth arched, anterior : barbels absent, eyes ivithout adipose lids. Dorsal fin rather short, commencing slightly anterior to the root of the ventral, its osseous ray being strong, serrated and preceded at its base by a small forwardly-directed spine : anal short. Scales large, no enlarged roiv at base of anal fin. Lateral-line complete and continued to opposite the centre of the base of the caudal. 1. Acanthonotus aegenteus. Tickell, MSS. page 49, with a figure. D. 9 (i), P. 14, V. 8, A. 7, 0. 18, L. 1. 30. Length of head as delineated 6, of caudal fin 3f, height of body ^ in the total length. :Ei/es— diameter 3i in the length of the head, 1 diameter from the end of the snout. Snout blunt, rather overhanging the mouth, body compressed : profile with a considerable rise from snout to base of dorsal fin. j['\')is— dorsal spine strong and posteriorly serrated, caudal deeply forked, its lobes acutely pointed. A small horizontal spme in front of the dorsal fin pointing forwards and scarcely protruding from beneath the skin. Lateral-line— complete. CoZo;(rs— brilliant silvery with lilac and blue shades and a tinge of olive-yellow on the back. Dorsal fin orange-scarlet superiorly bordered with black except on the last two rays, the other fins lemon-yellow. Dorsal ridge black in its tipper portion. Habitat.— Yev J common in the streams of the interior of the Tenasserim district, the largest obtained loeing about 5'4 inches in length. Page 587. Add Rohtee cdnma. Ah-amis ciinma, Tickell, MSS. p. 53, c. fig. B. iii, D. 12 (f), P. 13, V. 10, A. 30, C. 18, L. 1. 44. Length of head 5^, of caudal fin 4i, height of body 3 in the total length. Eyes— diameter 3 in the length of the head, 1 diameter from the end of the snout and also apart. Profile over nape slightly concave, a considerable rise from snout to base of dorsal fin : snout somewhat obtuse, upper jaw the longer. Fins— dorsal anteriorly two-tlnrds as high as the body below it, commencing somewhat nearer the snout than the base of the caudal FISHES OF INDIA. fin, its spine weak and longer than the head, not serrated. Caudal deeply forked, lower lobe somewhat the longer. Lateral-line — strongly marked in its first four scales. Colours — olive, superiorly becoming silvery on the sides and below : a brassy tinge along the lateral-line and over the cheeks and gill-covers. Fins amber : dorsal and caudal with a narrow black edge. Habitat. — Colonel Tickell procured it at Moulmein, where he found it to be common. His figure is 5^ inches long. Page 652. Family CniROCENTRiDiE. After " intestinal canal short," add " and furnished with spiral folds." Page 679. Add Stngnathus conspicillatds. Syngnathus fasciatdis, Gray, Ind. Zool. c. fig. (not Risso). ,, conspicillatus, Jenyns, Yoy. Beagle, Fish. p. 147, pi. xxvii, f. 4 ; Giinther, Catal. viii, p. 174. Syngnathus hcematopterus, Bleeker, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind. ii, p. 258. Corythoichthys fasciattis, Kaup, Lophob. p. 25 ; Kner, Novara Fisch. p. 391. D. 29-32, P. 14, A. 3, C. 10, osseoiis rings 16-17 + 34-37. Length of head about 10|^ in the total length : tail portion more than twice as long as that of the body. Snout slender. The upper profile of the head rises abruptly above the eyes. Opercle crossed by a ridge : a median ridge on the occiput and nuchal shields : a supraorbital ridge which is continued along each side of the crown. Body slightly deeper than broad, ridges well developed : egg pouch not quite half so long as the tail. Fins^ the dorsal commences on the anal or first caudal ring'. Colours — trunk grayish-brown, with deep brown interrupted transverse bands, and sometimes large white intermediate spots. Fine brown lines on the head, and a band below the eye over the lower side of the opercle. Dorsal fin a little spotted. Habitat. — From the east coast of Africa to the Pacific Ocean. The Colombo Museum possesses five specimens procured from Jafiha in the northern portion of Ceylon (Haly, Taprobanian i, 1886, p. 165). Page 692. Add Balistes buniva. Balistes niger, Osbeck, Voy. China, ii, p. 93 (not Linn.) ; Bl. taf. 152, f. 2 ; Bl. Schn. p. 472 ; Lacep. i, p. 370, pi. xviii, f. 1; Richards. Voy. Samarang Fishes, p. 21, pi. vi, fig. 1-4, and Ich. China, p. 201 ; Giinther, Fish Zanzibar, p. 135, pi. xix, f. 1. Balistes buniva, Lacep. v, p. 669, pi. xxi, f. 1 ; Giinther, Catal. viii, p. 227. „ pictus, Poey, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1863, p. 180. Meliclithys ringens, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. v, p. 108, Balistes, pi. ccxx, f. 2. B. vi, D. 2-3/31-33, P. 15, A. 28-30, L. 1, 53 (65 Bleeker). Length of head 4, of caudal fin 8, height of body nearly half of the total lengtli. Eyes — 5 diameters in the length of the head, and 3t from the end of the snout: a groove before the eye. Teeth — -white, even, and incisor-like. Fins — first spine of dorsal fin very strong : caudal posteriorly with an S-shaped outline, in old specimens the lobes are slightly produced. Scales — enlarged osseous plates behind the gill-opening. Seven or eight raised and spiny lines on the side of the tail. Colours — black with a raised white line along the bases of both the second dorsal and anal fins. Habitat. — Tropical parts of Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. It has been captured in Zanzibar (Play fair) and Ceylon (Haly), where it appears to be common. Page 693. Add Moxacanthus toementosus. Balistes tormentosus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 405 ; Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 34 ; La Cepede, i, pp. 333, 359. Monacantlms tormentosus, Cuv. Regno Anim : Bleeker, Atl. Ich. v, p. 127, Balistes pi. vi, fig. i, male, and pi. xvi, fig. i, female : Giinther, Catal. viii, p. 238. ,, hajam, Bleeker, 1. c. p. 126, Balistes, pi. i, fig. 1, female, and pi. xvi, fig. 1, 3, inale. ., tricJmrus, Bleeker, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind. iv, p. 125. „ helleri, Steind. Sitz. Ah. Wiss Wien. 1867, Iv, p. 712, t. iii, f. 3. B. vi, D-1/26-29, P. 11, A. 25-27, C. 10. Length of head 4, of caudal fin 5|-, height of body 2| in the total length. Eyes — situated high up in the posterior half of the head over the gill-opening and 2 diameters from the end of the snout. Body somewhat elevated, profile from snout to first dorsal SUPPLEMENT, 1888. 809 fin somewhat concave. Fins — Dorsal spine situated over tlie hind quarter of the eye, strong and about as long as the head, armed posteriorly with a double row of recurved spines. Ventral spine movable with small curved spines posteriorly, second dorsal and anal fins low : caudal rounded. Scales — small, each with 4 or_5 marginal spines, while the male on either side of the tail has a long patch of short setiform spines some- times absent from the female. Some short fleshy tentaches on the side of _ the body. Colours — brown, spotted and marbled with black, a light band along the anterior half of the body. Caudal fin with two dark vertical bands. Eahitat. —Ohtained by Mr. Haly in August, 1888, at Karativoe, Ceylon ; is found in the Malay Archipelago, Chinese and Australian seas. Page 708. The Colombo Museum sustained a great loss during my absence last year : a small sun-fish, Orthagoriscus, was brought for sale, but was unfortunately rejected (Haly, m the Tainohanian, vol. ii, 1888, p. 165). This may have been the widely ranging 0. mola not uncommon off the British coast, and which has been taken in New South Wales, &c., and of which Klunzinger seems to have obtained a specimen in the Red Sea :_ or it may be the form found at Amboina which was described and figured by Bleeker in 1873 as 0. oxyuropterus : or possibly a nondescript. Page 709. Add Diodon maculatus. Dtodoii tacliete, Lacep. ii, p. 13. ^ , ^ , ... „ novem-macidatus, Cnvier, c. fig. ; Bleeker, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind. m, p. 667. „ sex-maculatusa-nd quaclrimaculatus, Cuv. c. fig. ; Kaup, pp. 229, 227. „ spina sissimns, Kaup, p. 228 (not Cuv.). Paradiodon novem-maculatus, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. v, p. 57, Gym. pi. ii, f. 3. „ quadri-maculaius, Bleeker, 1. c. p. 58, pi. viii, f. 2. Diodon maculatus, Giinther, Cat. viii, p. 307. B. vi, D. 2/13, P. 23, A. 2/12, C. 7. Length of head 2f to 3^ in the length of the body. Ei/es- diameter 3^ to 4 in the leno-th of the head. Sometimes tentacles above the orbit and on the lower side of the head, and on the back. Spines of varying lengths, from IG to 19 between the snout and the dorsal fin : there are generally only two or three posterior to the dorsal fin. The roots of these spines are long and strong, and have a distinct ridge along their basal portions. Colours— \a.vge black yellow-edged blotches on the body of various shapes, and often small black spots. The large black spots are in some cases badly defined. Habitat.— Iro-pica.1 portions of the Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and Archipelago, also the Pacific. Found in the Gulf of Manaar by Sir Walter Elliot, and in Ceylon by Haly. Page 716. Add Caecharias mdeeati. Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), xi, p. 137. Snout short and obtuse : the distance between the mouth and the end of the snout being less than that between the inner angles of the nostrils. Nostrils nearly midway between the end of the snout and the mouth. Teeth— in the upper jaw of moderate size, the anterior equilateral, rather longer than broad, those on the side oblique, with their posterior ed^es concave, and both sides finely serrated : twenty-nine rows in the lower jaw, lanceolate, their ed^es smooth, with a broad base, two-rooted, and some with an additional minute lobe. i^i?(s— first dorsal commences opposite the axil of the pectoral: the second only one-third of the size of the first, but larger than the anal, which is small : origin of anal behind that of the second dorsal. Pectoral large, exceeding the distance between the first o-ill-opening and the end of the snout, the length of its hmd margin only one-fourth ot that of its outer. Caudal of moderate size, rather more than the distance between the two dorsal fins. CoZomto— uniform, top of first dorsal may have been black. Habitat. -KvLrrachee, where an example 6 feet 8 inches long was captured. The specimen is stuffed, and not in a good condition. It is very closely allied to G. elhoti,irom which it differs in the smaller size of the second dorsal and anal fins, but is probably only a variety. Page 720. Add Zygj;na mokakean. Riippell, N. W. Fisch. 1835, p. 66, t. xvii, t. 3 ; Giinther, Catal. viii, p. 383 ; Day, Ann. and Mag. N. H. (5) XX, 1887, p. 389. Spliyrna molarran, Midi, and Henle, Plagios. p. 54. 810 FISHES OF IXDIA. Zygcena dissimilis, Murray, Annal. and Mag. N. H. (5) xs, 1887, p. 304. Anterior edge of head nearly straight, and forming a more or less right angle with its lateral maro-in. Length of the hind edge of one of the lobes equal to or rather exceeding its widtli near the eye. Eyes — nostrils near them : but no groove running along the front edo-e of the head. Teetli — oblique, as broad at their base as long, with an indistinct lateral notch, and serrated on both edges. Colours — brownish gray, becoming white beneath. Hahitat. — Red Sea to Kurrachee where one, a little over 10 feet in length, was captured in April, 1884. Page 722. Add Lajina guntheei, Murray. MuiTay, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), xiii, p. 349. Said to differ from L. s-pallanzanii in having f| teeth on either side, and the dorsal fin being a little further behind the base of the pectoral. By an error in transcribing (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1887) I placed this shark instead of Carcharias murrayi, Giinther, as a synonym to Garcliarias ellioti. It occurred owing to having noted, after having examined the type that Murray's shark from Kurrachee, that it seemed to be identical with Elliot's shark from the coasts of India. Hahitat. — Kurrachee. Page 722. Add Genus 2 — Odontaspis, Agassiz. TriglocMs, Miiller and Henle. Spiracles minute and alove the angle of the mouth. No nictitating memlrane. Mouth wide and crescent-shaped. Teeth large, awl-shaped, and with one or tivo cusps at the hase. Gill- openings of moderate size. Tivo spineless dorsal fins, the first opposite the interspace between the pectoral and ventral : the second dorsal and anal not much smaller than the first dorsal. A pit present or absent at the root of the caudal fin. Geographical distribution. — Temperate and tropical seas. 1. Odontaspis teicuspidatus. Carcharias tricuspidatus, Day, Fish. India, p. 713, pi. clxxxvi, fig. 1. Dundanee, Sind. This fish was formerly placed as a Carcharias, owing to the presence of a pit at the root of the caudal fin as observed at page 722. Genus 3. — Alopias, Eafinesque. Month crescentic. No memhrana nictitans to the eye. Spiracles minute, close behind the orbit. Teeth of rather small size, flattened and triangular, having smooth edges. Gill- openings of medium size. The first dorsal fin spineless, inserted above the interspace betiveen the pectoral and ventral fins : the second dorsal above the interspace betiveen the ventral and anal, the latter being small. Caudal very long, with a pit at its commencement. No keel on the side of the tail. 1. Alopias vulpes. Squalus vulpes, Gmel. Linn. p. 1496 ; Lacepede, i, p. 267 ; BI. Schn. p. 127. Carcharias vulpes, Cuv. Regno Anim. ^ Alopias vulpes, Bonap. Fauna Ital. Peso, iii, p. 66, c. fig. ; Miiller and Henle, p. /'4, pi. xxxv, f. 1 (teeth) ; Gray, Catal. Chond. p. 64; Day, Fish. Great Britain and Ireland, ii, p. 300 (see synon.). Alopecias vulpes, Tarrell, Brit. Fish. (ed. 3), ii, p. 512, c. fig. ; Giinther, Catal. viii, p. 393. Body fusiform, gradually decreasing in size to the caudal fin, the great length of which is about half of the total. JEi/es— rather large. Nostrils beneath and nearer the anterior border of the mouth than the end of the snout. Gill-opening of median size, the last two being over the pectoral fin. Teei/i— about '^^TTj' t^^ ^^"'"^^ °^ fourth tooth on either side of the centre of the upper jaw smaller than the others. BaUtat.—Ki\&rd\o Ocean on both shores. One from the Cape of Good Hope is in the Paris Museum, and Mr. Haly in the Tabrobanian, 1886, i, p. 167, records one 8 ft. 8 m. in length from Ceylon, having been procured from the Colombo market, February, 1884, wherc°it was quite unknown to the fishermen. It is also found in the MediteiTanean, and has been obtained from San Francisco Bay, California, and New Zealand. SUPPLEMENT, 1883. 811 Page 723. Add Family— EHINODONTID^ . Spiricales minute : no nictitating membrane. Gill-openings wide. Two spineless dorsal fins, the origin of the first somewhat in advance of the ventrals : the second small, placed nearly opposite the anal : lower caudal lobe well developed. A keel along the side of the tail. A pit at the root of the caudal fin. Genus 1. — RniNODON, Smith. Definition as in the family. Mouth and nostrils near the extremity of the snout. Teeth small and conical. Gill-ralcers similar to those of the basking-shark of Northern seas. Geographical distribution. — Ceylon and Seychelles to the Cape of Good Hope. Specimens are said to have exceeded fifty and even seventy feet in length. It is a harmless form. Rhinodon ttpicus. Smith, Illus. S. African Fish, pi. 2G ; Muller and Heule, p. 77, t. xxxv, f. 2 (teeth) ; Dumeril, Elasm. p. 428 ; Haly, Ann. and Mag. N. H. (5), xii, p. 48. Snout broad, flat, and short. Eyes — small. Upper jaw with a long labial fold. Colours — brownish white dots and narrow transverse lines. Habitat. — One example recorded from the west coast of Ceylon. Page 725. Add 2. Gingltmostoma concoloe. Nebrius concolur, Riipp. N. W. Fische, p. 62, t. xvii, f. 2. Ginglymostoma concolor, Cantor, Mai. Fish. p. 395; Gunther, Catal. viii, p. 409; Klunz. Synopsis F. R. M. 1871, p. 672. Ginglymostoma riippellii, Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. xxiv, Plagios. p. 91 ; Dumeril, Elasm. p. 334. Snout short. The nasal cirrus nearly reaches the lower lip. Teeth — in three rows, with one central and four or five lateral cusps, having serrated edges. Fins — dorsal, pectoral, and anal tins with pointed angles. Second dorsal much smaller than the first, and placed nearly opposite to but larger than the anal. Caudal fin one-third of the total length. Habitat. — Red Sea, through those of India to the Malay Archipelago. Page 729. Add 4. Peistis pectinatus. Latham, Trans. Linn. Soc. 1794, ii, p. 278, pi. xxvi, f. 2 (snout) ; Bl. Schn. p. 351, pi. Ixx, f. 1; Mull, and Henle, p. 109; Blyth. Jouru. As. Soc. Beng. 1860, p. 36; Dumeril, Elasmobranchs, p. 475; Giinthcr, Catal. viii, p. 437; Klunz. Synop. F. R. M. 1871, p. 673. Squalus scic, Lacep. i, p. 2SC, pi. viii. Rostrum nearly twice as wide at its base as at its termination, armed with from 24 to 27 pairs of teeth which are generally long and somewhat strong and not placed opposite one another, while they may be directed somewhat posteriorly. Anteriorly the interspace between each tooth equals about the width of their base, but among the most posterior ones it becomes double that distance. Fins — -first dorsal commences opposite the ventral,, the second dorsal about of equal size to the first. No lower caudal lobe. Colours — sandy-brown becoming lighter beneath. Habitat. — Red Sea, through the Indian Ocean. Page 732. Add Rhinobatus columns. Ehinobatus (Syrrhina) columnce, Miiller and Henle, p. 113: Dumeril, Elasm. p. 486. ,, „ annulatus, Miill. and Hen. p. 116 : Smith, Illus. Zool. S. Afri. Pisces,, pi. xvi : Dumeril, 1. c. p. 487. 5 M ^12 FISHES OF INDIA. Baja rJiinohatus, Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 10. ^ Bhinohatios (Syrrhina) polyiyphthalmus, Bleeker, Japan, p. 1.^9. Snout rather elongated: the distance between the outer angles of the nostrils equals two-fifths of the extent preoral portion of the snout. Anterior nasal valve is con- nected to a fold of skin passing towards the median line and so nearly joins that of the opposite side. The upper vortral ridges are convergent in front. Back finely granular with a medium row of small tubercles. Colours— brov^n, young examples have a white snout. . Eabitat. — Mediterranean and the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Page 745. Erase Genus Ceratoptera. Ceratoptera ehrenhergii. The figure must, I think, refer to an abnormal condition of Astrape dipterygia, as I find such a form of monstrosity more common among European rays and skates than I had formerly reason for supposing. Page 729. Add Sub-Class— LEPTOCARDII. Skeleton semicartilaginous and notochordal : destitute of jaws or ribs. Brain absent. Blood colourless and distributed by pulsating sinuses. Respiratory and abdominal cavities confluent : numerous branchial clefts and the water discharged by an opening in front of the vent. Family I.— CIRROSTOMI. An elongated compressed body, having a low and rayless dorsal fin, continued round the tail past the vent to the respiratory opening. Mouth a longitudinal slit on the inferior surface, and with cirri. Eyes judimentary. Vent near the end of the tail. Genus 1 — Branchiostoma, Costa. AmpMoxus, Tarrell. Befinition as in the family. One or more species of this genus are common around the waters of India, Burma, Ceylon, and the Andaman Islands. INDEX TO SUPPLEMENT, 1888, Abramis cunma, 807 Aoanthoclinus, 798 Acanthocliiius indicus, 798 Acantlionotus, 807 Acanthonotus argenteus, 807 Aoanthurus annularis, 789 Acanthurus argenteus, 789 Acanthurus Blochii, 789 Acanthurus galun, 789 Acanthurus inata, 789 Acanthurus matoides, 789 Acantliurus melanurus, 789 Acanthurus nigricans, 789 Acanthurus striatus, 789 Acanthurus strigosus, 789 Acanthurus tennentii, 788 Acantliurus tristis, 788 Acanthurus xanthopterus, 7S9 Acrornurus lineolatus, 789 acutipinnis, Gobius, 793 acutirostris, Serranns, 780 acutus, Lethrinus, 787 adusta, Myripristis, 788 adustus, Pseudochromis, 791 afghana, Cirrhina, 807 Akysis, 805 Akysis pictus, 80G albofasciatus, Pomacentrus, 801 alboguttatus, Salarias, 798 alboviuctus, Glyjihidodon, 801 Alopecias vulpes, 810 Alopias, 810 Alopias vulpes, 810 altipinnis, Exoctetus, 807 altispinis, Gerres, 78G altivelis, Cromileptes, 779 altivelis, Serranus, 780 Ambassis baculis, 784 Ambassis myops, 784 Ambassis notatus, 784 Ambassis ranga, 784 Amphioxus, 812 Amphiprion bifasciata, 800 Amphiprion intermedins, 800 Amphiprion sebie, 800 Amjihiprion trifasoiatum, 800 angrioides, Gobio, 807 angularis, Serranus, 780 annularis, Acanthurus, 789 annulatus, Ehinobatus, 811 Anthias argus, 780 Anthias hamruhr, 783 Anthias multidens, 782 Antika doondiawali, 783 antjerius, Glyphidodon, 801 antjerius, Glyphidodontops, 801 Aphareus, 782 Aphareus cierulescens, 782 Aphareus furcatus, 782 Aphareus rutilans, 782 Apogon arafura>, 784 Apogon bifaseiatus, 734 Apogon ellioti, 784 Apogon endekatajnia, 784 Apogon fasciatus, 784 Apogon lineolatus, 785 Apogon macropterus, 785 Apogon maximus, 784 Apogon pajcilopterus, 785 Apogon thurstoni, 784 Apogon tickelli, 785 aporos, Ophiocara, 795 Aprion pristopoma, 782 arabica, Perea, 785 arabica, Trigla, 791 arabicus, Cheilodipterus, 785 arafura?, Apogon, 784 arenatus, Salarias, 798 areolata, Perca, 780 areolatus, Serranus, 780 argentaria, Gaz^a, 790 argentarius, Zeus, 790 argenteus, Acanthurus, 789 argenteus, Acanthonotus, 807 argentimaculatus, Lutjanus, 783 argus, Anthias, 780 aries, Chrysophrys, 788 ater, Glyphidodon, 801 Astrape dipterygia, 812 auriga, Trichiurus, 788 aurolineatus, Mesoprion, 783 baculis, Ambassis, 784 Balistes buniva, 808 Balistes niger, 808 Balistes pictus, 808 Balistes tormentosus, 808 bataviensis, Pseudoscarus, 803 bataviensis, Scarus, 803 Bengalensis, Holocentrus, 783 Beugalensis, Lutjanus, 783 berda, Chrysophrys, 788 bicolor, Salarias, 798 bifasciata, Amphiprion, 800 bifaseiatus, Apogon, 784 bifaseiatus, Prochilus, 800 bilineatus, Pomacentrus, 801 bilunulatus, Cossyi)hus, 802 bilunulatus, Labrus, 802 bipinnulatus, Seriolichthys, 789 bixanthopterus, Caranx, 789 Blennius leopardus, 796 Blennius steindachneri, 796 blochii, Acanthurus, 789 blochii, Dentex, 786 blochii, Priacanthus, 783 Bodian cuvieri, 785 botche, Myripristis, 788 Branchiostoma, 812 brandesii, Oxybeles, 805 brevis, Salarias, 79(i Brotula jerdoni, 804 . Brotula multibarbata, 804 buniva, Balistes, 808 Cffiruleolineata, Mesoprion, 783 crerulescens, Aphareus, 782 calearifer, Lates, 779 canescens, Chastodon, 786 canescens, Zanclus, 786 caninus, Caranx, 789 Carangoideshemigymnostethus, 789 Carangoides telamparoides, 789 Carangus niarginatus, 789 Caranx bixanthopterus, 789 Caranx caninus, 789 Caranx edentulus, 789 Caranx ferdau, 789 Caranx tiavo-ca!raleus, 789 Caranx hippos, 789 Caranx impudicus, 789 Caranx jayakari, 789 Caranx kurra, 789 Caranx malabaricus, 789 Caranx melampygus, 789 Caranx nigrescens, 789 Caranx parapistes, 789 Caranx riippellii, 789 Caranx speciosus, 789 Caranx stellatus, 789 Caranx venator, 789 Carcharias ellioti, 809, 810 Carcharias murrayi, 809, 810 Carcharias tricuspidatus, 810 Carcharias vulpes, 810 carinatus, Mugil, 800 caudolineatus, Salarias, 798 cavifrous, Pseudolates, 779 centrognathum, Gnathocen- trum, 786 centrognathus, Zanclus, 786 Centopristis pristopoma, 782 Cepola iudica, 796 Ceratoptera, 812 Ceratoptera ehrenbergii, 812 chabrolii, Cossyphus, 802 Chffitodon canescens, 786 Chaetodon citrinellus, 786 Chajtodon fasciatus, 786 Chajtodon tlavus, 786 Chtetodon guttatissiraus, 786 Chajtodon lividus, 801 Chffitodon lunula, 786 Chffitodon miliaris, 786 Chffitodon nudus, 786 Chstodon ocellatus, 786 ChiBtodon oUgacanthus, 780 ChiBtodon ijuadrifasciatus, 786 Chffitodon tau nigrum, 786 ChiBtodon trifasciatus, 786 Chffitodon vittatus, 786 Chffitodon wiebeli, 786 Chffitopterus pristipoma, 782 Cheilodipterus arabicus, 785 Cheilodipterus lineatus, 785 Cheilodipterus macrodon, 785 Cheilodipterus panijius, 791 Cheilinus undulatus, 802 chilioprista, Scorpffina, 788 Chirocentridffi, 808 ehlorostigma, Gobius, 793 Chorinemus lysan, 789 Chorinemus mauritiana, 789 Chorinemus moadetta, 789 Chorinemus orientalis, 789 Chorinemus sancti-petri, 789 Chorinemus tol, 789 Chorinemus toloo, 789 Chrysophrys aries, 788 Chrysophrys berda, 788 Chrysophrys cuvieri, 788 Chrysophrys datnia, 788 Chrysophrys grandoculis, 787 Chrysophrys haffara, 788 chrysurus, Pomacentrus, 801 ciucta, Pterois, 788 cingulus, Glyphidodon, 801 Cirrhina afghana, 807 Cirrhina fulungee, 807 Cirrhites fasciatus, 788 Cirrhitichthys fasciatus, 788 cirrhostomus, Mugil, 800 Citharoedus vittatus, 786 citrinellus, Chffitodon, 786 coccinicauda, Malaoocantlius, 791 columns, Ehinobatus, 811 compressus, Grammistes, 783 concolor, Gingljonostoma, 811 concolor, Nebrius, 811 conspicillatus, Syngnathus, 808 coppingeri, Trachynotus, 790 Coracinus vittatus, 800 5 M 2 «14 INDEX TO SUPPLEMENT, 1888. Coris hale!, 803 cornutus, Zanclus, 786 Corystion orientalis, 792 Corythoichthys fasciatus, 808 Cossyphus bilunulatus, 802 Cossyphus chabroUi, 802 Cossyphus maldat, 802 Cossyphus micrurus, 802 Crassilabrus undulatus, 802 crenilabris, Mugil, 800 cristatus, Trichiurus, 788 Cristioeps, 799 Cristiceps halei, 799 Cromileptes altivelis, 779 cruentipinnis, Salarias, 797 Cul nachooli, 794 cunma, Abramis, 807 cunma, Rohtee, 807 cuvieri, Bodian, 785 cuvieri, Chrysophrys, 788 cuvieri, Diagramma, 785 cuvieri, Plectorhynchus, 785 cuvieri, Sparus, 788 cyaneus, Glyphidodon, 801 cylindrica, Percis, 790 Dactylopterns orientalis, 792 Dascyllus niger, 801 Daseyllus trimaculatus, 801 Dascyllus unicolor, 801 Datnia, 785 datnia, Chrysophrys, 788 Datnioides polota, 786 Datnioides quadrifasciatus, 786 Decapterus Eussellii, 789 Dentex bloehii, 786 dentex, Equala, 790 Dentex filamentosus, 786 dentex, Lutjanus, 782 dentex, Mesoprion, 782 Pentex pristopoma, 782 Dentex tseniopterus, 786 diacanthus, Serranus, 780 Diacope macolor, 783 Diacope nigra, 783 Diagramma cuvieri, 785 Diagramma griseum, 785 Diagramma jayakari, 785 Diagramma lessonii, 785 Diagramma sebas, 785 Diaphasia, 805 Diodon maculatus, 809 Diodon novem-maculatus, 809 Diodon quadrimaculatus, 809 Diodon sex-maculatus, 809 Diodon spinosissimus, 809 Diodon taohet^, 809 dipterygia, Astrape, 812 dispar, Glyphidodon, 801 dissimUis, Zygsena, 810 Domina, Sillago, 791 Dundanee, 810 dussumieri, Pseudoscarus, 804 dussumieri, Scarus, 804 Duxordia fluviatihs, 805 Eohiodon, 805 edentulus, Caranx, 789 ehrenbergii, Ceratoptera, 812 ehrenbergii, Mesoprion, 783 Elagatis pinnulatus, 789 Eleotris Ellioti, 794 Eleotris hoedtii, 794 Eleotris Uneato-oculatus, 794 Eleotris macrocephalus, 795 Eleotris macrolepidota, 794 Eleotris macrolepidotus, 795 Eleotris muralis, 794 Eleotris ophiocephalus, 795 Eleotris porocephalus, 795 Eleotris tumifrons, 795 Eleotris viridis, 795 ellioti, Apogou, 784 elUoti, Carcharias, 809, 810 eUioti, Eleotris, 794 elongata, Olyra, 806 emarginatus, Pomacentrus, 801 endekatfenia, Apogon, 784 Epinephelus polleni, 781 Epinephelus retouti, 780 Equula dentex, 790 Eupomacentrus lividus, 801 Exocffitus altipinnis, 807 Exocffitus katopron, 807 fasciatus, Apogon, 784 fasciatus, Chastodon, 786 fasciatus, Cirrhites, 788 fasciatus, Cirrhitichthys, 788 fasciatus, Corythoichthys, 808 fasciatus, Mugil, 800 fasciatus, Syngnathus, 808 fasciatus, Tetragonoptrus, 786 fax, Priacanthus, 784 ferdau, Caranx, 789 f erruginosus, Geueiates, 804 Fierasfer, 805 Fierasfer homei, 805 filamentosus, Dentex, 786 flavimarginatus, Serranus, 782 flavo-cseruleus, Caranx, 789 flavus, Chffitodon, 786 fiuviatilis, Duxordia, 805 fluviatilis, Leiocassis, 805 fulungee, Cirrhina, 807 fulviflanuna, Lutjanus, 783 furcatus, Aphareus, 782 furcatus, Labrus, 782 fusous, Pimelepterus, 788 fuscus, Pomacentrus, 801 fuscus, Pseudochromis, 791 fusous, Salarias, 797 fuscus, Serranus, 780 fuscus, Xyster, 788 gahm, Acanthurus, 789 Galaxias, 806 Galaxias indicus, 806 Galaxida;, 806 garretti, Mesoprion, 783 Gazza argentaria, 790 Gazza tapeinosoma, 790 Geneiates ferruginosus, 804 Genyoroge macolor, 783 Genyoroge nigra, 783 Genyoroge notata, 783 geoffroyi, Serranus, 780 Gerres altispinis, 786 Gerres setifer, 786 gibbosus, Serranus, 778 Ginglymostoma concolor, 811 Ginglymostoma riippellii, 811 Glyphidodon albovinetus, 801 Glyphidodon anterius, 801 Glyphidodon ater, 801 Glyphidodon cingulus, 801 Glyphidodon cyaneus, 801 Glyphidodon dispar, 801 Glyphidodon henimelas, 801 Glyphidodon melas, 801 Glyphidodon modestus, 801 Glyphidodontops antjerius, 801 Glyphidodon unimaculatus, 801 Glyphidodon zouatus, 801 Glyphisodon leucopoma, 801 Glyphisodon phaiosoma, 801 Glj'phisodon xauthozona, 801 Gnathocentrum centrogna- thum, 786 Gobio angi-ioides, 807 Gobiodon quinque-strigatus, 794 Gobiodon rivulatus, 794 Gobius acutipinnis, 793 Gobius chlorostigma, 793 Gobius gymnocephalus, 792 Gobius histrio, 794 Gobius littoreus, 793 Gobius microlepis, 793 Gobius pleurostigma, 793 Gobius rivulatus, 794 Gobius sadanundio, 793 Gobius thurstoni, 793 Gobius viridipunctatus, 793 grammicus, Serranus, 780 Grammistes compressus, 783 Grammistes punctatus, 782 grandoculis, Chrysophrys, 787 grandoculis, Monotaxis, 787 grandoculis, Sciitna, 787 grandocuUs, Sphsrodon, 787 griseum, Diagramma, 785 guamensis, Psenes, 790 guamensis, ScorpiEna, 788 guamensis, Scorpsenopsis, 788 giintheri, Lamna, 810 guttatissimus, Chfetodon, 786 guttatus, Serranus, 782 gymnocephalus, Gobius, 792 hffimatopterus, Syngnathus, 808 haffara, Chrysophrys, 788 haffara, Sparus, 788 hajam, Monacanthus, 808 halei, Cristiceps, 799 halei, Coris, 803 halei, Peristethus, 791 Halichreres javanicns, 803 hamruhr, Anthias, 783 hamruhr, Priacanthus, 783 hamruhr, Sciffina, 783 hasta, Sparus, 788 Heliastes reticulatus, 800 helleri, Monacanthus, 808 Hemeroccetes, 795 hemigymnostethus, Caran- goides, 789 hemisticta, Trigla, 791 hemistictus, Serranus, 782 henimelas, Glyphidodon, 801 heterodon, Sphferodon, 787 hippos, Caranx, 789 histrio, Gobius, 794 hoedtii, Eleotris, 794 hoedtii, Ophiocara, 795 Holocentrus Bengalensis, 783 Holocentrus malabaricus, 780 holocentrus, Priacanthus, 784 Holocentrus platjThinum, 788 Holocentrus quinquelinearis, 783 Holocentrus quinquelineatus, 783 Holocentrus sammara, 788 holomelas, Salarias, 797 homei, Fierasfer, 805 homei, Oxybeles, 805 Hojjlonotus, 791 immaculatus, Mesoprion, 783 impudicus, Caranx, 789 indica, Cepola, 796 iudicus, Acanthoclinus, 798 indicus, Galaxias, 806 intermedius, Amphiprion, 800 irregularis, Scaphiodon, 807 janesaba. Scomber, 790 japonicus, Synagris, 786 javanicus, Halichseres, 803 javanicns, Julis, 803 javanicus, Platylossus, 803 javanicus, Psenes, 790 jayakari, Caranx, 789 jayakari, Diagramma, 785 jerdoni, Brotula, 804 Julis javanicus, 803 Julis metager, 802 Karum natsooli, 792 kasmira, Lutjanus, 783 katopron, Exocfetus, 807 katunho, Pomacentrus, 801 kennedyi, Trachyuotus, 790 klunzingeri, Mugil, 800 kurra, Caranx, 789 Labrus bilunulatus, 802 Labrus furcatus, 782 Labrus latovittatus, 787 Labrus spilonotus, 802 Lamna giintheri, 810 Lamna spallanzanii, 810 Lates calcarifer, 779 latidens, Lethrinus, 787 latidens, Sphserodon, 787 latifasciatus, Serranus, 780, 781 latovittatus, Labrus, 787 latovittatus, Malacanthus, 787 latovittatus, Ttenianotus, 787 Leiocassis fluviatilis, 805 leonina, Scorpasna, 788 leonina, Scoi-psenopsis, 788 leopardus, Blennius, 796 leopardus, Serranus, 782 Leptocardii, 812 Leptosynanceia, 788 lessonii, Diagramma, 785 lessonii, Nemophis, 799 Lethrinus acutus, 787 Lethrinus latidens, 787 Lethrinus miniatus, 787 Lethrinus olivaceus, 787 Lethrinus rostratus, 787 Lethrinus waigiensis, 787 leucopoma, Glyphidodon, 801 Leucopsarion Petersii, 806 Lichia tolooparah, 789 hneata, Perca, 785 Uneato-oculatus, Eleotris, 794 lineatus, Cheilodipterus, 785 lineatus, Salarias, 798 lineolatus, Acronurus," 789 lineolatus, Apogon, 785 littoreus, Gobius, 793 lividus, Chfetodon, 801 lividus, Eupomacentrus, 801 lividus, Pomacentrus, 801 longicauda, Olyra, 806 loo. Scomber, 790 louti, Variola, 782 lunula, ChaHodon, 786 Lutjanus argentimaculatus, 783 Lutjanus Bengalensis, 783 Lutjanus dentex, 782 Lutjanus fulvitlamma, 783 Lutjanus kasmira, 783 Lutjanus macolor, 783 Lutjanus notatus, 783 Lutjanus nigra, 783 Lutjanus russellii, 783 Lutjanus quinquelineatus, 783 lysan, Chorinemus, 789 macolor, Diacope, 783 macolor, Genyoroge, 783 INDEX TO SUPPLEMENT, 1888. 815 macolor, Lutjanus, 783 macolor, Mesoprion, 783 Maoolor typus, 783 macracanthus, Priacanthus, 784 macrocephalus, Eleotris, 795 macrochilus, Mugil, 800 macrodon, Cheilodipterus, 785 macrodon, Paramia, 785 macrogenis, Serranus, 780 macrolepidota, Eleotris, 794 maerolepidotus, Eleotris, 795 macropterus, Apogon, 785 maculatus, Diodon. 809 madagascarensis, Xiphogadus, 799 madraspatensis, PriacantHcth- thys, 781 malabarica, Pempheris, 788 malabarious, Caranx, 789 malabaricus, Holocentrus, 780 malabaricus, Serranus, 780 maldat, Cossyphus, 802 Malacanthidie, 786 Malacanthus, 787 Malacauthus titniatus, 787 Malacanthus latovittatus, 787 Malaoocanthus, coccinicauda, 791 mangula, Pempheris, 788 marginatum, Tetradrachmum, 800 marginatus, Caranx, 789 marmoratus, Salarias, 798 mata, Acanthurus, 789 matoides, Acanthurus, 789 mauritiana, Chorinemus, 789 maximus, Apogon, 784 melampygus, Caranx, 789 melanurus, Acanthurus, 789 melas, Glyi^hidodon, 801 melas, Paraglyphidodon, 801 Melichthys ringens, 808 Mesoprion aurolineatus, 783 Mesoprion ca;ruleolineata, 783 Mesoprion dentex, 782 Mesoprion ehrenbergii, 783 Mesoprion garretti, 783 Mesoprion immaeulatus, 783 Mesoprion macolor, 783 Mesoprion Eussellii, 783 metager, Platyglossus, 802 microlepidotus. Scomber, 790 microlepis, Gobius, 793 microlepis, Oxyurichthys ,793 micrurus, Cossyphus, 802 miliaris, Chietodon, 786 miliaris, Tetragonoptrus, 786 miniatus, Sparus, 787 minutus, Sebastes, 788 moadetta, Chorinemus, 789 modestus, Gh-phidodon, 801 mokarran, Sphyrna, 809 mokarran, Zygrena, 809 mola, Orthagoriscus, 809 moUuccensis, Scomber, 790 molucca, Pempheris, 788 Mon acanthus hajam, 808 Monacauthus helleri, 808 Monacanthus tormentosus, 808 Monacanthus trichurus, 808 Monotaxis grandoculis, 787 morrhua, Serranus, 780, 781 Mugil carinatus, 800 Mugil cirrhostomus, 800 Mugil crenilabris, 800 Mugil fasciatus, 800 Mugil khinzingeri, 800 Mugil macrochilus, 800 Mugil ceur, 800 Mugil planiceps, 800 Mugil riippeUii, 800 Mugil tade, 800 multibarbata, Brotula, 804 multidens, Anthias, 782 multipunctatus, Serranus, 780 muralis, Eleotris, 794 murdjan, Myripristis, 788 murrayi, Carcharias, 809, 810 muticus, Trichiurus, 788 myops, Ambassia, 784 Myripristis adusta, 788 Myripristis botche, 788 Myripristis murdjan, 788 Myxus superficialis, 800 nageb, Pristipoma, 785 Nebrius concolor, 811 neiUi, Salarias, 797 Nemophis lessonii, 799 Nga yanga ap'hyoo, 801 niger, Balistes, 808 niger, Dascyllus, 801 niger, Proamblys, 783 niger, Salarias, 797 nigra, Diacope, 783 nigra, Genyoroge, 783 nigra, Lutjanus, 783 nigra, Sciiena, 783 nigrescens, Caranx, 789 nigricans, Acanthurus, 7 89 nigricans, Sparus, 801 notata, Genyoroge, 783 notatus, Ambassis, 784 notatus, Lutjanus, 783 notatus, SyTiagris, 786 novemcinctus, Serranus, 782 novem-maculatus, Diodon, 809 novem-maculatus, Paradiodon, 809 nuchalis, Pomacentrus, 801 nudus, Chaetodon, 786 ocellas, Parachsetodon, 786 ocellatus, Chsetodon, 786 Odontaspis, 810 Odontaspis tricuspidatus, 810 ojur, Mugil, 800 oligacanthus, Chtetodon, 786 olivaceus, Lethrinus, 787 Olyra elongata, 806 Olyra longicauda, 806 oortii, Salarias, 798 Ophiocara aporos, 795 Ophiocara hoedtii, 795 Ophiocara ophiocephala, 795 Ophiocara tolsoni, 795 ophiocephala, Ophiocara, 795 ophioi;'ephalus, Eleotris, 795 orientalis, Chorinemus, 789 orientalis, Corystion, 792 orientalis, Dactylopterus, 792 Orthagoriscus, 809 Orthagoriscus mola, 809 Orthagoriscus oxyuropterus,809 ovatus, Trachj-notus, 790 Oxybeles, 805 Oxybeles brandesii, 805 Oxybeles homei, 805 oxycephala, Scorpienopsis, 788 Oxj-urichthys microlepsis, 793 oxyuropterus, Orthagoriscus, 809 pacifieus, Eegalecus, 800 piEcilopterus, Apogon, 785 Pagrus ruber, 787 Pagrus spinifer, 787 panijius, Cheilodipterus, 791 panijius, Sillago, 791 pantherinus, Serranus, 780 Parachsetodon oceDatus, 786 Paradiodon novem-maculatus, 809 Paradiodon quadri-maculatus, 809 Paraglyphidodon melas, 801 Paramia macrodon, 785 parapistes, Caranx, 789 pectinatus, Pristis, 811 Pempheris malabarica, 788 Pempheris mangula, 788 Pempheris molucca, 788 Pempheris rhomboideus, 788 Pempheris Eussellii, 788 Perca arabica, 785 Peroa areolata, 780 Perca lineata. 785 Percis cylindrica, 790 Peristethus, 791 Peristethus halei, 791 petersii, Leucopsarion, 806 petersi, Petroscirtes, 796 Petroscirtes petersi, 796 Petroscirtes striatus, 796 Petroscirtes variabilis, 796 phaiosoma, Glyphidodon, 801 phaiosoma, Salarias, 797 pictus, Akysis, 806 pictus, Balistes, 808 Pimelepterus fuscus, 788 Pimelepterus waigiensis, 788 pinnulata, Seriola, 789 l^innulatus, Elagatis, 789 planiceps, Mugil, 800 Platyglossus javanious, 803 Platyglossus metager, 802 Platyglossus roseus, 803 platyrhinum, Holocentrus, 788 Plectorhj-nchus cuvieri, 785 Plectorhynchus sebfe, 785 pleurostigma, Gobius, 793 pneumatophorus minor, Scom- ber, 790 poUeni, Epinephelus, 781 poUeni, Serranus, 781 polota, Datnioides, 786 polylepis, Sebastopsis, 788 polyophthalmus, Trichonotus, 796 Pomacentrus albofasciatus, 801 Pomacentrus Ijilineatus, 801 Pomacentrus chrysurus, 801 Pomacentrus emarginatus, 801 Pomacentrus katunho, 801 Pomacentrus Uvidus, 801 Pomacentrus nuchalis, 801 Pomacentrus prosopotffinia, 801 Pomacentrus punctatus, 801 Pomacentrus simsiang, 801 Pomacentrus ta;niometopon,801 Pomacentrus tajniops, 801 Pomacentrus trilineatus, 801 Pomacentrus trimaeulatus, 801 Pomacentrus tripunctatus, 801 Pomacentrus unifasciatus, 800 Pomacentrus vanicolensis, 801 Porobronchus, 805 porocephalus, Eleotris, 795 prseoiDercularis, Serranus, 780 Priacanthichthys madraspaten- sis, 781 Priacanthus bloehii, 783 Priacanthus fax, 784 Priacanthus hamruhr, 783 Priacanthus holocentrum, 784 Priacanthus macracanthus, 784 Priacanthus schmittii, 784 Priacanthus tayenus, 784 pristipoma, Aprion, 782 pristipoma, Centopristis, 782 pristipoma, Chietopterus, 782 pristipoma, Dentex, 782 Pristipoma nageb, 785 Pristipoma stridens, 785 Pristipomoides tyjjus, 782 Pristis pectinatus, 811 Pristotis fuscus, 801 Proamblys niger, 783 Prochilus bifasciatus, 800 Prochilus sebse, 800 prosopotsenia, Pomacentrus, 801 Psenes guamensis, 790 Psenes javanicus, 790 Pseudochromis adustus, 791 Pseudochromis fuscus, 791 Pseudochromis xanthochir, 791 Pseudolates cavifrons, 779 Pseudosynanceia, 788 Pseudoscarus dussumieri, 804 Pseudoscarus bataviensis, 803 Pterois cincta, 788 Pterois radiata, 788 punctatus, Grammistes, 782 punctatus, Pomacentrus, 801 quadi'ifasciatus, Chstodon, 786 quadrifasciatus, Datnioides, 786 quadri-maculatus, Diodon, 809 quadri-maculatus, Paradiodon, 809 quinquelinearis, Holocentrus 783 quinquelineatus, Holocentrus, 783 quinquelineatus, Lutjanus, 783 quinque-strigatus, Gobiodon, 794 radiata, Pterois, 788 ranga, Ambassis, 784 Eaja rhinobatus, 812 Eagalecus pacifieus, 800 Eegalecus russellii, 800 retourti, Epinephelus, 780 retioulatus, Heliastes, 800 Ehinobatus annulatus, 811 Ehinobatus colunma?, 811 rhinobatus, Baja, 812 Ehinodontidfe, 811 Ehinodon typious, 811 rhomboideus, Pempheris, 788 ringens, Melichthys, 808 rivulatus, Gobiodon, 794 rivulatus, Gobius, 794 robustus, Xiphochilus, 802 roseus, Platyglossus, 803 rostratus, Lethrinus, 787 ruber, Pagr-us, 787 rubropunctata, Scoi-psena, 788 riippellii, Caranx, 789 riippellii, Ginglymostoma, 811 riippellii, Mugil, 800 russellii, Decapterus, 789 russellii, Lutjanus, 783 russellii, Mesoprion, 783 russellii, Pempheris, 788 russellii, Eegalecus, 800 russellii, Trachynotus, 790 rutilans, Aphareus, 782 sadanundio, Gobius, 793 Salarias alboguttatus, 798 Salarias arenatus, 798 Salarias bicolor, 798 Salarias brevis, 796 Salarias caudolineatus, 798 816 INDEX TO SUPPLEMENT, 1888. Salarias crueiitipinnis, 797 Salarias fuscus, 797 Salarias holomelas, 797 Salarias liueatus, 798 Salarias marmoratus, 798 Salarias neilli, 797 Salarias niger, 797 Salarias oortii, 798 Salarias phaiosoma, 797 Salarias sindensis, 797 Salarias steindaohneri, 796 Bancti-jjetri, Chorinemus, 789 savala, Triehiurus, 788 Scarus bataviensis, 803 Soarus dussumieri, 804 Scaphiodon irregularis, 807 schmittii, Priacanthus, 784 SciiEna grandoculis, 787 Scisena hamruhr, 783 Soisena nigra, 783 soie, Squalus, 811 Scomber janesaba, 790 Scomber loo, 790 Scomber microlepidotus, 790 Scomber molueccensis, 790 Scomber i5neumatophoru3 minor, 790 Scorpffina chilioprista, 788 Scoqjfena guamensis, 788 Scorpiena leoniua, 788 Soorpajna rubropunctata, 788 Soorpajnopsis guamensis, 783 ScoiiJEeuopsis leonina, 788 , Seorpienopsis oxycephala, 788 Sebastes minutus, 788 Sebastopsis polylepis, 788 sebse, Amphiprion, 800 Bebse, Diagramma, 785 sebse, Plectorhynchns, 785 seba;, Procliilus, 800 Seriola pinnulata, 789 Serioliclitliys bipinnulatus, 789 Serranus acutirostris, 780 Serranus altivelis, 780 Serranus angularis, 780 Serranus areolatus, 780 Serranus diaeanthus, 780 Serranus flavimarginatus, 782 Serranus fuscus, 780 Serranus geoffroyi, 780 Serranus gibbosus, 779 Serranus grammicus, 780 Serranus guttatus, 782 Serranus hemistictus, 782 Serranus latifasciatus, 780, 781 Serranus leopardus, 782 Serranus macrogeuis, 780 Serranus malabaricus, 780 Serranus morrhua, 780, 781 Serranus multipunctatus, 780 Serranus novemcinctus, 782 Serranus pantherinus, 780 Serranus polleni, 781 Serranus praeopercularis, 780 Serranus sexmaculatus, 782 Serranus striolatus, 779 Serranus summana, 780 Serranus tinea, 780 Serranus tumilabris, 780 Serranus imdulosus, 780 Serranus wandersi, 780 Serranus zanana, 782 setifer, Gerres, 786 setifer, Xiphasia, 799 setigerus, Trichonotus, 795 sex-maculatus, Diodon, 809 sexmaculatus, Serranus, 782 Sillago domiua, 791 Sillago panijius, 791 simsiang, Pomacentrus, 801 sindensis, Salarias, 797 sinuata, Umbrina, 788 spallanzanii, Lamna, 810 Sparus cuvieri, 788 Sparus datnia, 788 Sparus hafl'ara, 788 Sparus hasta, 788 Sparus mangula-kutti, 788 Sparus miniatus, 787 Sparus nigricans, 801 speciosus, Caranx, 789 Spha-rodon grandoculis, 787 Sphi-erodon heterodon, 787 Spha?rodon latidens, 787 Sphyrna moLarrau, 809 spilonotus, Labrus, 802 spiniter, Pagrus, 787 spinosissimus, Diodon, 809 Squalus scie, 811 Squalus vulpes, 810 steindachneri, Blennius, 79G steindaohneri, Salarias, 796 stellatus, Caranx, 789 striata Umbrina, 788 striatus, Acanthurus, 789 striatus, Petroscirtes, 796 strideus, Pristipoma, 785 strigosus, Acanthurus, 789 striolatus, Serranus, 779 summana, Serranus, 730 summara, Holooentrus, 788 superficialis, Myxtus, 800 Synagris japonicus, 786 Synagris notatus, 786 Synagris tajniopterus, 786 Syngnatlius conspicillatus, 808 Syngnathus fasciatus, 808 Syngnathus haematopterus, 808 taohete, Diodon, 809 tade, Mugil, 800 tffiniatus, llalacanthus, 787 tseniometopon, Pomacentrus, 801 Ta;nianotus latovittatus, 787 tteniops, Pomacentrus, 801 tieniopterus, Dentex, 786 tseniopterus, Synagris, 786 talamparoides, Carangoides, 789 tapeiuosoma, Gazza, 790 tau nigrum, Chittodon, 786 tayenus, Priacanthus, 784 tennentii, Acanthurus, 788 Tetradrachmum marginatum, 800 Tetradrachmum trimaculatum, 801 Tetragonoptrus fasciatus, 786 Tetragonoptrus miliaris, 786 Therapon, 785 thurstoui, Apogon, 784 tickelli, Apogon, 785 tinea, Serranus, 780 tol, Chorinemus, 789 toloo, Chorinemus, 789 tolsoni, Opliiocara, 795 tormentosus, Balistes, 808 tormentosus, Monacanthus, 808 thurstoui, Gobius, 793 Trachynotus coppingeri, 790 Trachynotus liennedyi, 790 Trachynotus russellii, 790 Trachynotus ovatus, 790 Triehiurus auriga, 788 Triehiurus cristatus, 788 Triehiurus muticus, 788 Triehiurus savala, 788 trichurus, Monacanthus, 808 tiicuspidatus, Carcharias, 810 tricuspidatus, Odontaspis, 810 Trichouotidffi, 795 Trichonotus, 795 Trichonotus polyophthalmus, 796 Trichonotus setigerus, 795 trifasciatum, Amphiprion, 800 trifasciatus, Chaitodou, 786 Trigla, 791 Trigla arabioa, 791 Trigla hemisticta, 791 trilineatus, Pomacentrus, 801 trimaculatum, Tetradrachmum, 801 trimaeulatus, Dascyllus, 801 trimaculatus, Pomacentrus, 801 tripunctatus, Pomacentrus, 801 tristis, Acanthurus, 788 tumilabris, Serranus, 780 tumifrons, Eleotris, 795 typicus, Ehinodon, 811 typus, Macalor, 783 typus, Pristipomoides, 782 Umbrina striata, 788 Umbrina sinuata, 788 undulatus, Cheilinus, 802 undulatus, Crassilabrus, 802. undulosus, Serranus, 780 unicolor, Dascyllus, 801 unifasciatus, Pomacentrus, 800 unimaculatus,Gly[)hidodon, 801 vanicoleusis, Pomacentrus, 801 variabilis, Petroscirtes, 796 Variola, louti, 782 venator, Caranx, 789 viridipunctatus, Gobius, 793 viridis, Eleotris, 795 vittatus, Chajtodon, 786 vittatus, Citharoedus, 786 vittatus, Coracinus, 800 vulpes. Alopecias, 810 vulpes, Alopias, 810 vulpes, Carcharias, 810 vulpes, Squalus, 810 waigiensis, Lethrinus, 787 waigiensis, Pimelepterus, 788 wandersi, Serranus, 780 wiebeli, Chajtodon, 786 xanthocHr, Pseudochromis, 791 xauthopterus, Acanthurus, 789 xanthozona, Glyphidodon, 801 Xiphasia setifer, 709 Xiphochilus, 802 Xiphochilus robustus, 802 Xiphogadus madagascarensis, 799 Xyster fuscus, 788 zanana, Serranus, 782 Zanclus, canescens, 786 Zanclus, centrognaUms, 786 Zanclus cornulus, 786 Zeus avgentarius, 790 r;onatus, Glj'phidodon, 801 Zyga^na dissimilis, 810 Zygiena mokarran, 809 G. NORMAN ANi) SON, PRINTERS, HART STREET, COVENT GARDtX. BY THE SAME AUTHOR. THE LAND OP THE PERMAULS, OR COCHIN ITS PAST AND ITS PRESENT, 8vo. pages 67?, 1863 Gantz Brothers, Madras, Rs. 10 THE FISHES OF MALABAR, 4to. pages 293, with 20 plates, coloured or plain, 1865 Bernard Quaritch, 15, Piccadilly, London. REPORT ON THE FRESHWATER FISH AND FISHERIES OF INDIA AND BURMA, 8vo. pages 118 and 307 of Appendices, 1873 Government Press, Calcutta. REPORT ON THE SEA FISH AND FISHERIES OF INDIA AND BURMA, 8vo. pages 86 and 332 of Appendices, 1873 Government Press, Calcutta. THE FISHES OF INDIA, 4to. 2 volumes, pages 778, 200 plates, with upwards of a thousand lithographed figures, 1875-78, £12. 12s (a few copies remaining reduced to £6. 6s nett, at Messrs. Williams & Norgate) B. Quaritch, 15, Piccadilly, London. THE COMMERCIAL SEA FISHES OF GREAT BRITAIN, Prize Essay at the Great International Fisheries Exhibition, 8vo. pages 328, 1884, 5s W. Clowes & Sons, 13, Charing Cross, London. FISH CULTURE, Great International Fisheries Exhibition Series, 8vo. pages 105, with 4 plates W. Clowes & Sons, 13, Charing Cross, London. FOOD OF FISHES, Great International Fisheries Exhibition Series, 8vo. pages 36, 1883 W. Clowes & Sons, 13, Charing Cross, London. CATALOGUE OF THE EXHIBITS IN THE INDIAN SECTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES EXHIBITION, 1883, 8vo. pages 197, 1883 Government of India, London. THE FISHES OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, a Natural History of such as are known to inhabit the Seas and Fresh- waters of the British Isles, their Economic Uses, Modes of Capture, &c., and an Introduction upon Fishes generally, imperial 8vo., cloth, 179 plates, 2 vols. 1880-1885 (pub. £5. 16s), £4. 18s Williams & Norgate, 14, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. BRITISH AND IRISH SALMONID./E, imperial 8vo. cloth, 12 plates, some coloured, pages 298, 1887 (pub. £2. 2s), £1. 15s nett Williams & Norgate, 14, Henrietta Street,. Co vent Garden.