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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR
BUREAU. OF FISHERIES

GEORGE M, BOWERS, Coramissioner

THE FISHES OF SAMOA

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES FOUND IN THE ARCHI-
-PELAGO, WITH A PROVISIONAL CHECK-LIST
OF THE FISHES OF OCEANIA

FROM BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF ‘FISHERIES ~
Volume XXV, 1905, Pages 173 to 455, Plates XXXII to LIM

ISSUED DECEMBER 45, 1906

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WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1906

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR
BUREAU OF FISHERIES

GEORGE M. BOWERS, Commissioner

THE FISHES OF SAMOA

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES FOUND IN THE ARCHI-
PELAGO, WITH A PROVISIONAL CHECK-LIST
OF THE FISHES OF OCEANIA

FROM BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES
Volume XXV, 1905, Pages 173 to 455, Plates XXXIII to LI

ISSUED DECEMBER 15, 1906

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1906

THE FISHES OF SAMOA

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES FOUND IN THE ARCHIPELAGO, WITH A
PROVISIONAL CHECK-LIST OF THE FISHES OF OCEANIA

By DAVID STARR JORDAN AND ALVIN SEALE
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Fie. 1.—Periop.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES FOUND IN THE ARCHIPELAGO, WITH A PROVISIONAL
CHECK-LIST OF THE FISHES OF OCEANIA.

By DAVID STARR JORDAN and ALVIN SEALE.

INTRODUCTION.

The islands of Samoa, known also as the Navigator Islands, or Schifter Insel, lie
in the South Pacific Ocean in latitude 14° south and longitude 172° west. They are
volcanic in character, each of the larger ones rising in a high ridge, with extinct
craters, now very heavily wooded. The almost constant rains tend to make these
forests very dense, feeding swift, clear streams, which carry a large volume of water
considering the slight length of their courses. Each island is surrounded by a broad
coral reef, the outer parts bare at low tide, with a narrow, shallow channel between
the inner part and the shore. This reef is interrupted in certain regions, known as
the ‘‘iron-bound” coast, where the lava rocks cease abruptly beside deep water. It
is also interrupted at the mouths of certain streams, which by their fresh waters kill
the coral and make a channel through the reef.

Of these islands the westernmost, Savaii, about 45 miles long by 30 miles broad,
is the largest and the most recent geologically. Upolu, 40 miles by 15 miles, is near
it in size and position. On the north side of the latter island is the broad V-shaped
Bay of Apia, which can scarcely be called a harbor, as it is filled up by the reef with
the exception of a deep and tortuous channel opposite the mouth of the river Vaisigano,
a considerable stream, perhaps the largest on the islands. Upolu and Savaii are now
under the German flag, with the capital at Apia. On the west side of the Bay of
Apia is the long, narrow peninsula of coral sand, known as Mulinu’u, the residence
of Mataafa, chief of Samoa, and the former residence of the kings of the islands.
To the west of Mulinu’u is the shallow Bay of Vaitele, and to the eastward of Apia
is the larger Bay of Vailele. Into Vaitele Bay flows Gasegase River. Into the Bay
of Apia flows the Vailema stream and the Vaisigano River, while to the eastward
Vaivasi River runs into the Bay of Vailele.

The next island in size and importance is Tutuila, 20 miles long by about 4 miles
broad, which lies about a deep crater, with the two high peaks of Matabas and Peoa
adjoining it. The crater has a narrow opening at one side and forms the landlocked
harbor of Pago Pago, the best in Polynesia, about 2.5 miles long and 1 mile wide,
with everywhere a broad rim of coral reef. There is a small stream near the head

of the harbor, and there are springs along the side.
o 175

176 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

The oldest island is Manua, still farther to the eastward, nearly circular, and
about 10 miles across, and there are also about six smaller islets, none of which was
examined by us. The islands of Tutuila and Manua are now under the flag of the
United States.

In the summer of 1902 investigation of the fish and fisheries of this archipelago
was made under the auspices of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries.“ The work was
conducted chiefly from Apia and Pago Pago; and during the comparatively short
time devoted to it, rich collections, nuinerous as to species and individuals, were
obtained, and many species new to science were discovered.

The coral reefs of the South Seas literally swarm with fishes. The larger species
live in the deeper channels, passing in and out with a display of brilliant colors.
The smaller species, as Pomacentridz, Blenniids, Cheetodontide, live on the surface
of the reefs and are segregated in pools as the tides recede. Many of these reef
fishes show marked protective coloring, having the hues and markings of the reef
itself. Still others show what may be termed defiant coloring, their hues of blue,
scarlet, yellow, and green being in vivid contrast to the rocks about them. Nowhere
are these reef fishes more brilliant than in Polynesia. It is not easy to explain the
reason for these vivid hues, nor for the elaborate and striking markings which
accompany them. It is clear that protective coloration is needless, for these species
are exceedingly active and when disturbed move through the water like animated
lightning; but why such a riot of color should exist is not evident. There is appar-
ently no advertising end to be served, and the idea that recognition has a high value
to the species has never been received with favor by naturalists. In the record of
the voyage of Captain Cook is the following account of the fishes of the atoll called
Palmerston Island:

At one part of the reef which bounds the lake within, almost even with the surface, there was a
large bed of coral, which afforded a most enchanting prospect. Its base, which was fixed to the
shore, extended so far that it could not be seen, so that it appeared to be suspended in the water.
The sea was then unruffled, and the refulgence of the sun exposed the various sorts of coral in the
most beautiful order; some parts luxuriantly branching in the water, others appearing in vast variety
of figures, and the whole greatly heightened by spangles of the richest colors, glowing from a number
of large clams, interspersed in every part. Even this delightful scene was greatly improved by the
multitude of fishes that gently glided along, seemingly with the most perfect security. Their colors
were the most beautiful that can be imagined: blue, yellow, black, red, &c., far excelling anything
that can be produced by art. The richness of this submarine grotto was greatly increased by their
various forms, and the whole could not possibly be surveyed without a pleasing transport, accompanied,
at the same time, with regret that a work so astonishingly elegant should be concealed in a place so
seldom explored by the human eye.

The fish fauna of Upolu and Tutuila is entirely the same, nor is there evidence
of any divergence from the fauna of Tahiti, Tonga, and other islands of similar
character. It is largely identical with that of the East Indies, from which nearly all

a This expedition was under the direction of Dr. David Starr Jordan, who was assisted in the work by Prof. Vernon
Lyman Kellogg and Mr. Michitaro Sindo, of Stanford University for the Bureau, and the volunteer service of Prof. Robert
Edgar Allardice, of Stanford University, and Knight Starr Jordan.

Acknowledgments for assistance of various kinds are due to the governor of Samoa, Dr. Schnee, and to Mr. H. J.
Moors, of Apia; to Capt. Uriel Sebree, U.S. Navy, commandant at the station, and his officers and assistants, through whom
the U.S. gunboat Wheeling and its equipment were placed at the disposal of the investigating party; to Mauga, chief of
Tutuila, and to Tuatagaloa in Apia, through whose interest many small reef fishes were obtained; and to various Samoan
assistants, chief among whom were Taua, Vaiula, Musila, and Salewale, of Apia, and Afele, of Pago Pago, whose services
contributed much to the success of the work. :

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. Cr

of its elements are clearly derived. But a number of East Indian species fail to
extend their range thus far to the east, very many of them not ranging beyond the
island of Papua or New Guinea. A few large species are confined to the islands of
Polynesia, and many of the small ones, especially those living in crevices in the
coral, seem to have originated in Polynesia. It is a general rule of distribution that
with any given species the one nearest related will be found in neighboring waters,
but not in the same waters. This indicates that in general species have a basis in
geographical separation. But the Samoan species of Euvota, Enneapterygius, Sala-
rias, and the like seem to form exceptions to this rule. Here closely related species
live in the same region. Perhaps these forms originate in saltations or ‘‘ mutations”.
More likely the isolation of different coral masses is suflicient to prevent the migration
of individuals, and hence to favor the selection of fluctuations under varying condi-
tions, thus producing distinct species in regions not far separated. As most of these
little fishes are less than an inch long and local in their habit, this is possible. The
conditions illustrate the remark of Dr. Elliott Coues that ‘* migration holds species
true; localization lets them slip.” In other words, a species splits up into minor
groups if its range is divided by barriers preventing free movement of individuals.

The previous collections of fishes from Samoa have been relatively few. The
earliest recorded species, from Apia, was named Diagramma gibbosum by Hombron
& Jacquinot in their ichthyology of the ‘‘ Voyage au Pole Sud” by Dumont D’Ur-
ville, published in 1841.

Later, 1868 to 1870, the gigantic trading house of ‘‘Czsar Godeffroy und Sohn”
of Hamburg made Apia the center of its operations. Among other workings of this
firm was the establishment at Hamburg of the Godeflroy Museum and the publication
for a time of a ** Journal des Museum Godeffroy,” in which the natural history of the
South Seas was elaborately treated. Among other papers on this subject, the ‘* Fische
der Siidsee” of Dr. Albert Giinther (1873) is especially noteworthy. This is based
_ primarily on a series of colored life sketches of the fishes of Hawaii, Tahiti, Samoa,

and other islands, made by Mr. Andrew Garrett in the several years of his residence
"in Polynesia. « In this paper descriptions are given of most of the fishes then known
from the South Seas, with excellent colored plates of a large proportion of these.
Unfortunately, the Godeffroy firm fell into financial embarrassment, the publication
of its journal was suspended, and the *‘Fische der Siidsee” was never completed,
ceasing abruptly in the family of Labride.

From the Godeffroys a considerable number of fishes had been earlier sent to the
Museum of Vienna, where, about 1868, they had been described by Dr. Rudolph Kner
and Dr. Franz Steindachner. Still later, Rey. S. J. Whitmee, a missionary resident
on the island of Savaii, sent to the British Museum a large and well chosen collection
from Savait and Upolu. A part of this collection has been used by Dr. George
Albert Boulenger in the preparation of the first volume of his Catalogue of Fishes of
the British Museum. Outside the percoid group, howeyer, this collection remains
unstudied. A small collection also was made about 1876 by Dr. Streets, of the United
States Navy. It was described in the Bulletin of the U. 5. National Museum, volume
vir, in 1877, A few species in the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia,
collected by Mr. Caldwell, have been recorded by Mr. Henry W. Fowler.

178 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

At the time of our visit at Samoa the following species, 164 in number, were
known from the Samoan Islands; about six were not taken by us; and in regard to a

few there is some question of correctness of identification.

list is that adopted in the present paper.

The nomenclature in this

LIST OF SPECIES KNOWN FROM SAMOA PRIOR TO 1902.

Fistularia petimba.
Macrorhamphosus brevispinis.
Liza ceeruleomaculata.
Liza troscheli.
Polydactylus plebeius.
Holotrachys lima.
Holocentrus ruber.
Holocentrus punctatissimus.
Holocentrus diadema.
Holocentrus microstomus,
Holocentrus opercularis.
Holocentrus levis.
Megalaspis cordyla.
Caranx forsteri.
Scomberoides sanctipetri.
Trachinotus ovatus.
Trachinotus bailloni.
Pempheris oualensis.
Epinephelus merra.
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus.
Epinephelus socialis.
Epinephelus sonnerati.
Cephalopholis argus.
Cephalopholis miniatus.
Variola louti.
Paracanthistius maculatus.
Kuhlia marginata.

Amia novemfasciata.

Amia sayayensis.
Mionorus grveffei.
Apogonichthys variegatus.
Euelatichthys crassispinus.
Plectorhynchus diagramma.
Plectorhynchus orientalis.
Priacanthus cruentatus.
Scolopsis trilineata.
Scolopsis lineata.
Xystema gigas.
Gnathodentex aurolineatus.
Terapon jarbua.
Monotaxis grandoculis.
Kyphosus waigiensis.
Lethrinella miniata.
Lethrinus mcensi.

The fish fauna of the Samoan Islands is one of the richest on the globe.

Lethrinus ramak.
Pharopteryx melas.
Pharopteryx nigricans.
Upeneus vittatus.
Mulloides samoensis.
Pseudupeneus barberinus.
Pseudupeneus indicus.
Pseudupeneus moana.
Pomacentrus nigricans.
Pomacentrus lividus.
Chromis czeruleus.
Dascyllus aruanus.
Abudetduf sordidus.
Abudetduf dicki.
Abudefduf uniocellatus.
Abudefduf amabilis.
Abudefduf leucopomus.
Abudefduf zonatus.
Abudefduf bonang.
Labrichthys cyanoteenia,
Labroides dimidiatus.
Cheilinus digrammus.
Cheilinus trilobatus.

Pseudocheilinus hexateenia.

Hemigymnus melapterus.
Anampses melanurus.
Anampses, diadematus.
Stethojulis casturi.
Stethojulis renardi.
Stethojulis strigiventer.
Thalassoma schwanefeldi.
Monodactylus argenteus.
Platax orbicularis.
Cheetodon ulietensis.
Cheetodon lineolatus.
Cheetodon citrinellus.
Cheetodon semeion.
Cheetodon unimaculatus.

Chietodon quadrimaculatus.

Heniochus monoceros.
Holocanthus diacanthus.
Holocanthus bicolor.
Holocanthus nicobariensis.
Siganus marmoratus.

Hepatus matoides. )
Hepatus aterrimus.
Hepatus lineatus.

Hepatus nigricans.
Hepatus achilles.

Hepatus guttatus.
Zebrasoma veliferum.
Ostracion punctatum.
Balistapus aculeatus.
Platycephalus variolosus.
Sebastopsis guamensis.
Scorpzenopsis gibbosa.
Pterois radiata.
Dendrochirus brachypterus.
Mapo fuscus.

Rhinogobius neophytus.
Awaous genivittatus.
Awaous ocellaris.
Zonogobius semidoliatus.
Paragobiodon echinocephalus.
Amblygobius phalzena.
Valenciennea violifera.
Asterropterix semipunctatus. -
Eleotris fusca.
Hypseleotris guntheri.
Pseudogobiodon citrinus.
Gobiodon ceramensis.
Periophthalmus barbarus.
Soleichthys heterorhinos.
Parapercis tetracanthus.
Enneapterygius minutus.
Enneapterygius hemimelas.
Petroscirtes tapeinosomus.
Petroscirtes atrodorsalis.
Petroscirtes longifilis.
Alticus eyermanni.
Alticus sebze.

Alticus yariolosus.

Alticus alboguttatus.
Alticus periophthalmus.
Salarias edentulus.
Salarias fasciatus.

Exallias brevis.
Antennarius drombus.

In our

short stay we obtained 475 species, of which 92 seem to be new to science. The
following is a list of these new forms.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 179

LISt OF 92 SAMOAN SPECIES BELIEVED TO BE NEW.

Himantura fai. Chromis iomelas. Trimma ceesiura.
Gymnothorax talofa. Halicheeres deedalma. Glossogobius yaisiganis.
Echidna trossula. Platyglossus flos-corallis. Vailima steyensoni.
Anarchias allardicei. Callyodon fumifrons. Vaimosa fontinalis.
Anarchias knighti. Callyodon kelloggi. Mapo crassiceps.
Rhinamuriena eritima. Callyodon maoricus. Mars strigilliceps.
Zenarchopterus vaisiganis. Callyodon pyrrhurus. Rhinogobius corallinus.
Anchoyia evermanni. Callyodon ruberrimus. Rhinogobius muscarum.
Anchovia apiensis. Callyodon erythacus. Cheenogobius erythrops.
Myripristis sanguineus. Callyodon upolensis. Vitreola sagitta.
Corythroichthys sealei. Callyodon zonularis. Kelloggella cardinalis.
Corythroichthys waitei. Callyodon abacurus. Hetereleotris phaenna.
Corythroichthys mataati. Callyodon latax. Hetereleotris clara.
Microphis torrentius. Callyodon cyanogrammus. Sicyopterus tauze.
Atherina uisila. Callyodon ultramarinus. Hypleurochilus vaillanti.
Decapterus lundini. Callyodon lazulinus. Alticus evermanni.
Caranx gilberti. Hepatus aquilinus. Alticus musilze.

Amia exostigma. Dendrochirus sausaulele. Alticus thalassinus.
Amia doryssa. Sebastapistes laotale. Salarias atkinsoni.

Poa vaiulee. Synchiropus lili. Salarias garmani.

Foa fo. Eviota afelei. Salarias sindonis.
Apogonichthys isostigma. Eyiota smaragdus. Salarias bryani.
Ambassis vaivasensis. Byiota sebreei. Blennius tonganus.
Ambassis lata. - Eyiota pruinosa. Petroscirtes azureus.
Pseudupeneus moana. Eyiota zonura. Petroscirtes xestus.
Chorististium susumi. Eyiota distigma. Enneapterygius hudsoni.
Pomacentrus eclipticus. Eyiota prasites. Enneapterygius pardochir.
Pomacentrus yaiuli. Evyiota herrei. Enneapterygius tusitale.
Abudefduf taupou. Drombus tutuilze. Enneapterygius tutuilze.
Abudefduf metallicus. Valenciennea violifera. Enneapterygius cerasinum.

All of the specimens are from the reefs; we had no means of fishing in the open
sea. In general, we had four methods of collecting: First, the use of dynamite, by
which nearly all our large fish were taken. Second, the use of poison in the pools
on the reef at low tide; the poisons used were commercial chloride of lime and
sulpkate of copper, the first much to be preferred, and thus were obtained hundreds
of small fishes, notably Pomacentride, Gobiide, Blenniide, and eels. Third, the
use of the seine along the shores, whereby the herring and otber shore fishes were
taken. Fourth, the employment of divers to bring up coral heads, which when
broken yield many specimens of /u/ota, Lnneapterygius, and the smaller eels. The
larger fishes, Callyodon excepted, haye been described long since, but most of the
little fishes taken from the corals are new. This method of collecting has never been
practiced by other naturalists in this region.

In the present paper are given the field notes of Professors Jordan and Kelloge,
the descriptions of new species, with other notes, and enough of synonymy to
complete the references given by Dr. Giinther in his ‘* Catalogue of Fishes of the
British Museum” and his ‘‘ Fische der Siidsee”, and those given by Dr. Boulenger
in volume t of his edition of the British Museum Catalogue; and of those given by
Jordan and Eyermann and by Dr. Gilbert in their recent reviews of the fishes of
Hawaii. Synonymy is given in general only when our studies haye added something
to the record given by these authorities. Type localities are shown in the synonymy
in heavy-face type.

180 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

The colored plates are in some cases a revision of field sketches by Dr. Jordan;
the others were made from specimens that had not faded. Some of the sketches are
not quite accurate in certain details of scales and fin rays, but the shades of coloration
are very well shown.@

The area represented in this list comprises Hawaii, Polynesia, Melanesia, and
Micronesia. It excludes New Zealand, Torres Straits, the Arafura Sea, and the
islands to the westward of Waigiu and to the southward of the Louisiades; but the
eastern coast of New Guinea is included. All the species we find recorded from
these regions are embraced in the list. There are doubtless numerous omissions,
and there are many nominal species which will be eliminated when the region is
fully explored.

Of these regions, the fauna of Hawaii is much the most distinct from that of
Samoa. With most of the same genera, the species of shore fishes in Hawaii are
very largely distinct from those of Polynesia. This is due to the long separation of
Hawaii, and perhaps to the westward direction of her ocean currents, while those of
Samoa and Tahiti trend eastward. The very extensive fauna of Melanesia is
essentially that of the East Indies, with the loss of some species, and the incursion
of very many others from Australia. The fauna of Micronesia differs little from
that of Polynesia.

The islands whose fish fauna is considered may be classified as follows:

HAWAII. ;
Hawaii. Kauai. French, Frigate Shoal.
Oahu. Niijhau. Laysan.

Molokai. Bird. Midway.

Maui. Necker. Johnston.

Lanai.

> POLYNESIA.

Fanning Islands: Samoa, or Navigator Islands:

Palmyra. Savaii.
Christmas. Upolu.
Thornton. Tutuila.
Marquesas Islands: Manua.
Nukahiva. Rose.
Paumotu Islands: Tonga, or Friendly Islands:
Gambier Islands (Mangareva). Tongatabu.
Makatea. Vayau.

Piteairn.

Tahiti, or Society Islands:
Tahiti (Otaheite).
Raiatea (Ulietea).
Huahine.
Billingshausen.

Cook Islands:

Rarotonga.

Austral Islands:
Tubuai.

Kermadec Islands:

Fiji

Raoul, or Sunday.
Islands:

Viti Levu.

Vanua Levu.
Ovalau.

Leyvuka.
Kandavyu.
Kanathia.

aThe colored drawings for the most part were made by Kako Morita; the uncolored sketches are the work of Chloe
Leslie Starks, W. S. Atkinson, R. L. Hudson, and Sekko Shimada.
The authors express their indebtedness to Dr. Charles H. Gilbert for assistance of various sorts, and to Mr. Albert C.

Herre, of Stanford University, for help in sorting and determining various fishes; to Mr. William E. Safford, of the U. 8.
Department of Agriculture, for aid in the determination of the native names; and to Dr. Barton Warren Evermann for
assistance of various kinds, especially in proof reading and in seeing these pages through the press.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 18]

MELANESIA.
New Hebrides: Bismarck Archipelago:
Banks Group. Admiralty Islands.
Espiritu Santo. New Hanover.
Faté (Vate). New Ireland (New Mecklenberg).
Aneiteum. Duke of York Group.
Tanna. New Britain (New Pomerania).
Erromango. L’ Echiguier Islands.
Loyalty Islands: Papua, or New Guinea:
New Caledonia. Waigiu.
Santa Cruz Islands: Misol.
Vanicolo ( Vanikoro). Rawak.
Ticopia. New Guinea.
Solomon Islands: D’ Entrecasteaux Islands.
Guadaleanar. D’ Urville Islands.
Shortland. Percy.
Alu. Normanby.
Bougainyille. Moresby.
New Georgia. Louisiades.

San Cristobal.
MICRONESIA.

Pheenix Islands: Caroline Islands:
Howland. Kusaie (Strong or Oualan).
Sydney. Yap.
Ellice Islands: Rug.
Rotumah. Royalist.
Nurakita. Pingelap.
Funafuti. Ulea ( Wolea).
Gilbert Islands: Ladrone Islands ( Mariana) :
Makin. Guam.
Apamana. Bonin Islands:
Marshall Islands: Marcus.
Jaluit. Palau Islands (Pelew).
Bonham.

Radack Islands.
SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES.

Family BRANCHIOSTOMID.
AMPHIOXIDES Gill.
1. Amphioxides pelagicus (Gunther). Deep waters of Hawaii.
EPIGONICHTHYS Peters. (Asymmetron Andrews.)

2. Epigonichthys caudatus (Willey). Louisiades.

Asymmetron caudatum Willey, Quart. Jour. Mic. Soc. 1396, 219, Louisiades.
Family SCYLLIORHINIDA.
CATULUS Smith.

3. Catulus spongiceps Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

182 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Family HEMISCYLLIDA.
HEMISCYLLIUM Miller & Henle.
4. Hemiscyllium ocellatum (Gmelin). New Guinea (Macleay); Australia.

5. Hemiscyllium freycineti (Quoy & Gaimard). Waigiu.
Scylliwm freycineti Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, 192, 1824, Waigiu.
Seyllium malaisianum Lesson, Voy. Coquille, 11, 94, pl. 6, 1880, Waigiu.

ORECTOLOBUS Bonaparte. (Crossorhinus Miller & Henle. )

6. Orectolobus barbatus (Gmelin). New Guinea (Macleay); Australia; Japan.
7. Orectolobus dasypogon (Bleeker). Waigiu; Alu.

Crossorhinus dasypogon Bleeker, Archiv Neer]. 1867, 400, with plate, Waigiu.

If this species is really different from the Australian O. barbatus, it is probable that Japanese as
well as Melanesian specimens belong to it.

Family GINGLYMOSTOMATIDA.
NEBRIUS Riippell.

8. Nebrius concolor Riippell. New Guinea (Macleay); Indian Seas.

GINGLYMOSTOMA Miller & Henle.

9. Ginglymostoma ferrugineum (Lesson). New Ireland; Waigiu; India.

Scyllium ferrugineum Lesson, Voy. Coquille, 11, 95, 1824.
Ginglymostoma mulleri Gunther, Cat., v1II, 408, 1870.

Family CARCHARUDE. Malte; Tanifa.
GALEUS Rafinesque.
10. Galeus japonicus Miller & Henle. Laysan; Japan.
GALEOCERDO Miller & Henle.
11. Galeocerdo tigrinus Miller & Henle. Hawaii; Australia; Japan.
TRIZNODON Miller & Henle.

12. Triznodon obesus (Riippell). Aneiteum; East Indies.

PRIONACE Cantor.
13. Prionace glauca (Linneus). Hawaii; warm seas.
CARCHARIAS Rafinesque.
14. Carcharias melanopterus Quoy & Gaimard. Malie alamata. Waigiu; Thornton I.; Christmas I.;
WashingtonI.; Hawaii; Samoa.

This species, known at once by the jet black tips to its fins, is the commonest shark in the chan-
nels between the reefs of Samoa.
15. Carcharias phorcys Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.
16. Carcharias insularum Snyder. Hawaii.
17. Carcharias nesiotes Snyder. Hawaii; Laysan; French Frigate Shoals.
18. Carcharias sorrah Miller & Henle. Solomon Is. (Seale); East Indies.
19. Carcharias maou (Lesson). Paumotu Is.

Squalus maou Lesson, Voy. Coquille, 11, 91, pl. 1, 1830, Paumotu Is.

20. Carcharias pleurotznia Bleeker. New Guinea (Bleeker); East Indies.

HYPOPRIONODON Gill.

21. Hypoprionodon macloti (Miller & Henle). New Guinea (Bleeker); East Indies.

22.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. : 183

Family SPHYRNID.
SPHYRNA Rafinesque.
Sphyrna zygeena (Linnzeus). Mata-i-taliga. Samoa; Hawaii; Fiji; New Guinea; warm seas.

The common hammerhead is abundant at the reefs of Samoa, as also at Hawaii. Two specimens

preserved from Apia.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.
32.

Family ALOPIIDA.
ALOPIAS Rafinesque.

Alopias vulpes (Gmelin). Hawaii; warm seas.

Family LAMNIDA.
ISUROPSIS Gill.
Isuropsis glauca (Miiller & Henle). Hawaii; tropical Pacific.
CARCHARODON Smith.
Carcharodon carcharias (Linnzeus). Hawaii; warm seas.
Family SQUALID.
SQUALUS Linneus.
Squalus mitsukurii Jordan & Snyder. Hawaii; Japan.
ETMOPTERUS Rafinesque.
Etmopterus villosus Gilbert. Deep waters of Hawaii.
CENTROSCYLLIUM Miller & Henle.
Centroscyllium ruscosum Gilbert. Deep waters of Hawaii.
ISISTIUS Gill.
Isistius brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard). South Pacific, off Fiji; Brazil; Guinea.
Family RHINOBATIDA.
RHINOBATUS Bloch & Schneider.
Rhinobatus granulatus Cuvier. New Guinea; Bougainville Is.; East Indies.
Rhinobatus thouini Miller & Henle. Hood Bay, New Guinea (Macleay).
Rhinobatus joram Montrouzier. Louisiades.
Rhinobatus joram Montrouzier, Ann. Soc. Lyons, 1856, 220, Woodlark I. (Louisiades).
Family DASYATIDA.
DISCOBATIS Macleay & Macleay.

This genus is near Urolophus, but has no fin on the tail. The skin is smooth, the disk circular,

the ventrals entire, and the teeth small. (Not Discobatus Garman 1880, a Japanese genus. )

33

34.
35.
36.
37.
38.

Discobatis marginipinnis Macleay & Macleay. Admiralty Is.
Discobatis marginipinnis Macleay & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1885, 676, pl. 46.

DASYATIS Rafinesque,

Dasyatis sciera Jenkins. Havyaii.

Dasyatis lata Garman. Hawaii.

Dasyatis hawaiiensis Jenkins. Hawaii.

Dasyatis kuhli (Miiller & Henle). New Ireland; East Indies.
Dasyatis trigonoides (Castelnau). New Caledonia.

Raya (Neotrygon) trigonotdes: Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc. Vict. 1873, 121, New Caledonia; a sting ray with the spine
wanting.

184 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
TENIURA Miller & Henle.

Tail long, with a rayless fold of skin below,
39. Taniura lymma (Forskal). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
40. Teeniura atra Macleay. New Guinea (Macleay) .
HIMANTURA Dumeéril.
Tail very long, without fold.
41. Himantura fai Jordan & Seale, new species. Iai. Samoa.

Snout 4.80 to base of tail; eye 2.75 in interorbital space, which is equal to snout; length of nasal
opening 2.75 in interorbital.

Body broadly pentagonal, the snout very broad but somewhat pointed; disk wider than long
(14.50 inches wide, 11.50 long); length of disk 3.30 times in the long whip-like tail; teeth not large, about

ze
Hh gat razr mec ip nen tne!

Fig. 2.—Himantura Jat Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

13 oblique series on upper jaw and 23 oblique series in lower; upper buccal flap with fine fringes;
width of mouth 1.75 in snout; distance between lower gill-openings equal to distance from first to fifth
opening; length of ventral fins slightly less than interorbital space; tail without fold of any kind, its
lower surface smooth, the upper surface with scattered small prickles (spine removed by fisherman
from type); a row of 10 large spinules in front of spine; seven small spines on median line of disk at
its highest joint; a few scattered minute spicules scarcely showing through the skin near these spines
and on interorbital region, otherwise disk perfectly smooth.

Color in spirits, back a uniform drab, top of tail dusky, under surface of disk uniform white, under
surface of tail light brown.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 185

One specimen, type no. 51712, U.S. National Museum, from Apia, Samoa. Length with tail 47
inches. The color in life was plain brown, not very dark, white below, with no reddish shades and
no ocelli. The species is allied to Himantura warnak, but the latter species has the disk considerably
narrower.

42, Himantura uarnak (Forskal). New Ireland; East Indies.

43. Himantura granulata (Macleay). New Guinea.

Trygon granulatus Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1883, 598, S. E. New Guinea.
HYPOLOPHUS Dumeril.
44. Hypolophus sephen (Forskal). New Britain; Hast Indies.
Family AETOBATID.
AETOBATUS Blainville. (Myliobatis Miller & Henle. )

45. Aetobatus punctatus (Macleay & Macleay). Admiralty Is.
Myliobatis punctatus Macleay & Macleay, Proc. Linn, Soe. N. 8S. W. 1886, 675, pl. 46, fig. 1, Admiralty Is.

STOASODON Cantor. (Aetobatis Miiller & Henle, not of Blainyille. )

46. Stoasodon narinari (Kuphrasen). Hawaii; Laysan; East Indies; West Indies.

Family MOBULIDA.
MOBULA Rafinesque.
47. Mobula japonica Miiller & Henle. Hawaii; Japan.
48. Mobula draco (Giinther). Misol.
Dicerobatis draco Giinther, Voy. Curacao, 412, 1873.
Family CHIMARIDE.
CHIMERA Linneus.

49. Chimera purpurescens Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii; Japan.

Family ELOPIDE.
ELOPS Linneus.
50. Elops saurus Linnzeus. Hawaii; Samoa; New Guinea; warm seas.
MEGALOPS Lacépede.

51. Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet). Tahiti; Guam; Tubuai; Samoa; Papua; Fiji; New
Hebrides (Seale); East Indies.
Megalops macropterus Bleeker, Ned. Tydschr. Dierk. 1866, 284, East Indies.

This widely difftsed species is common at Samoa, inhabiting the river mouths and brackish pools
in the shores. Most of our many specimens from Apia were taken in a pool in the village just east of
the mouth of Vaisigano River, this pool being alternately filled by rain and by the surf in storms.
None of these specimens is more than a foot long. They correspond perfectly to the Megalops macrop-
terus of Bleeker, which is plainly the original Clupea cyprinoides of Broussonet. We much doubt
the validity of any of the species detached from Megalops cyprinoides by Bleeker. In any case, the true
cyprinoides, from Tahiti, is Bleeker’s macropterus.

Family CHIROCENTRID.
CHIROCENTRUS Cuvier.

52. Chirocentrus dorab (Forskal). New (Guinea; New Britain; Past Indies.
B. B. F.1905—13

186 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Family CHANIDA.
CHANOS Cuvier.

58. Chanos chanos (Forskal). Hawaii; New Caledonia; Samoa; New Guinea; tropical Pacific.

Common along the shores inside the reefs of Samoa.

Family ALBULID.
ALBULA Gronow.

54. Albula vulpes (Linnzeus). Tahiti; Tonga; Hawaii; New Guinea; warm seas.

Family CLUPEID.
ETRUMEUS Bleeker.
55. Etrumeus micropus (Schlegel). Hawaii; Japan.

STOLEPHORUS Lacépéde. (Spratelloides Bleeker.)

56. Stolephorus delicatulus (Bennett). Nefu. Samoa; East Indies.

About 20 specimens of this fragile little fish were taken inside the reefs of Apia and Pago Pago.
Color in life, deep sky blue, sides silvery.

DUSSUMIERIA Cuvier & Valenciennes.

57. Dussumieria acuta Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
CORICA Gray. (Clupeoides Bleeker.)

58. Corica papuensis Ramsay & Ogilby. New Guinea.

Corica papuensis Ramsay & Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S, W. 1886, 19, Strickland River (New Guinea).

SARDINELLA Cuvier & Valenciennes.
(Amblygaster Bleeker; Sardinia Poey.)

59. Sardinella sirm (Forskal). I’a moana; Pelupelu. Samoa; East Indies.
Clupea sirm Riippell, Neue Wirbelthiere, 77, taf. 21, fig. 1, 1835, Red Sea. Gtinther, Cat., VII, 425, Zanzibar, Batavia.
Sardinella leigastroides, Bleeker, Tijds. Ned. Ind., vit, 255, Manado; scales 45.

We have numerous specimens of a large sardine from the shores about Apia. It agrees closely
with Giinther’s account of Clupea sirm, and must be the fish thus called by Ginther. It has only a
single dark spot behind the gill-opening, and the species with a series of such spots along the side
(leiogaster and punctata) must be different. It is, of course, an excellent food-fish.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, deep blue above, somewhat streaky along rows of
scales, abruptly silvery below; a small spot behind gill-opening; tips of jaws dusky; fins small, dusky

above.
HARENGULA Cuvier & Valenciennes.

(Kowala, Rogenia, and Clupeonia Cuvier & Valenciennes; Paralosa Bleeker. )

60. Harengula commersoni (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Pelupelu. Vanicolo; Samoa; East Indies.

(2) Clupea melanura Cuvier, Régne Anim., ed. 1, vol. 11, p. 318, 1517; no description; obscure reference to Lacépéde.
Clupconia commersoni Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xX, 350, 1847, Pondicherry.

Clupeonia vittata Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit.; 352, 1847, Vanicolo.

Harengula melanurus Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., v, 245.

Clupea atricauda Ginther, Cat., v1, 426, 1869, Ceram, Amboina.

One fine specimen was taken at Apia. Life colors, caudal lobes jet black; back blue, blackish
streaks along the rows of scales above, sides silvery white.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 187

61. Harengula gibbosa (Bleeker). Fiji (Giinther); East Indies.
62. Harengula chrysotenia (Bleeker). Tahiti; Past Indies.

63. Harengula vanicoris Jordan & Seale, new name. Vanicolo; Papua; East Indies.

Alausa melanura Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., 441, 1847, Vanicolo, New Guinea, Amboina; not Clupea melanura
Cuvier.

Family DOROSOMATID.
ANODONTOSTOMA Bleeker.
Last ray of dorsal not produced.
64. Anodontostoma breviceps (Peters). Bismarck Is.; New Hanoyer; East Indies.
Chatoessus breviceps Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 848, New Hanover, Bismarck Is., Amboina.
65. Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton-Buchanan). New Guinea (Macleay); Bast Indies.
KONOSIRUS Jordan & Snyder.

Last ray of dorsal filamentous, as in Dorosoma.
66. Konosirus thrissa (Linnzeus). New Guinea; Hast Indies; China.

Chatoessus nasus (Bloch) Cuvier & Valenciennes.
Family ENGRAULIDA.
ANCHOVIA Jordan & Evermann.
67. Anchovia purpurea (Fowler). Hawaii.
68. Anchovia apiensis Jordan & Seale, new species. Nefu. Samoa.

Head 4.50 in body (to base of caudal); depth 5; eye 3.20 in head; snout 4.50; interorbital scarcely
equal to eye; dorsal 1, 13; anal 1, 20; scales 34; maxillary elongate, 5 in length of head.

aus

SES,

ze

DNRANPAIXNINN
Ss

)
Wy

3

os

Fie. 3.—Anchovia apiensis Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

Body oblong, compressed; snout produced, conical; mandible 1.45 in head; maxillary extend-
ing to posterior angle of preopercle; minute teeth in jaws, palatines, vomer, and pterygoids; gill-
rakers 1.20 in eye, 30 on lower limb; insertion of dorsal nearer base of caudal than tip of snout by
a distance equal to width of eye, its longest ray 1.20 in head; length of pectoral less than depth of
body, 1.75 in head; insertion of ventrals equally distant between origin of pectorals and origin of anal;
origin of anal under posterior third of dorsal, its base equal to distance from anterior margin of eye to
posterior margin of opercle; caudal forked, its lobes equal to length of head; caudal peduncle rather
deep, 2.20 in head; scales deciduous, the middle row of belly with spines.

Color in spirits white, the scales with silvery reflections, more or less punctulate with minute black
dots on upper surface; cheeks and iris with gilt reflections; a dusky blotch on upper part of orbit, and
on nuchal region; slight dusky shading along base of dorsal, anal, and upper base of caudal; caudal with
a slight wash of dusky; other fins white. Life colors white, pale olive on back; a silvery lateral band.

Type no. 51720, U.S. National Museum, from Apia; length 3 inches. Of this small species, we
haye about a dozen fine specimens from the shores inside the reef at Apia.

188 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

69. Anchovia evermanni Jordan & Seale, new species. Nefu. Samoa.

Head 4 in length; depth 4.50; eye 3.75 in head; snout 1.75; dorsal 1, 13; anal 1, 30; scales 34;
interorbital space equal to eye; maxillary equal to depth of fish, 4.50 in length.

Body elongate, compressed; scales large and deciduous; belly trenchant, the scales of middle row
each ending in a sharp spine; snout projecting, conical; origin of dorsal midway between tip of snout
and base of caudal, its longest ray equal to distance from middle of eye to posterior margin of opercle;
pectoral inserted low and extending to base of ventrals, the length 1.50 in head; ventrals 2 in head,
their origin nearer pectoral than base of anal; origin of anal posterior to base of dorsal, its length equal
to head; caudal deeply forked, the lobes equal to length ef head; numerous small teeth on the
pterygoids, palatines, vomer and jaws; maxillary extending to posterior angle of preopercle, and
bearing a single row of fine teeth; gillrakers scarcely equal to eye, 23 on the lower limb.

Oy
Ans
Oe

S2

Fie. 4.—Anchovia evermanni Jordan & Seale, new species, Type.

Color in spirits, silvery, darker above, with a bluish wash; a golden wash on cheek; a dusky blotch
on upper margin of orbit; fins all yellowish white, the caudal with an indistinct tip of dusky on end
of lobes. In life one specimen had an orange blotch behind gill-opening above, dorsal and caudal
chiefly light orange-brown, no silvery lateral band.

Five specimens, from Apia; type no. 51719, U. S. National Museum, 5 inches long. In all these
specimens the depth is 4.66 to 4.75 in the length, instead of 4 times, as stated by Bleeker and Giinther
of Anchovia belama, the nearest known species.

This species is named for Dr. Barton Warren Evermann.

70. Anchovia scratchleyi (Ramsay & Ogilby). New Guinea.
Engraulis scratchleyi Ramsay & Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1886, 18, Strickland River (New Guinea).

71. Anchovia enchrasicoloides (Bleeker). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

Family AULOPID.

CHLOROPHTHALMUS Bonaparte.

72. Chlorophthalmus proridens Gilbert & Cramer. Deep waters of Hawaii.

Family SYNODONTIDA.

SYNODUS Bloch & Schneider.
73. Synodus varius Lacépéde. Hawaii; Samoa; New Guinea; Fiji; Mangareva (Seale); Japan.
A few specimens of this widely diffused species were taken at Samoa, on the shore within the reef.
74. Synodus kaianus Giinther. Deep seas of Hawaii; Arafura Sea.
TRACHINOCEPHALUS Gill.

75. Trachinocephalus myops Forster. Hawaii; warm seas.

76.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 189

SAURIDA Cuvier.

Saurida gracilis (Quoy & Gaimard). Hawaii; Samoa; New Guinea; Solomon Is. (Seale).

Two specimens were taken in the seine at Apia. They are more deeply colored than Hawaiian

examples, but are not otherwise different. This species is common about Hawaii.

77.
78.

79.

80.
81.

82.
83.

84.

85.
86.
87.
88.

89.

90.
91.
92.

93.
94.

95.

96.

Saurida grandisquamis Ginther. Louisiades; Australia.
Saurida tumbil (Bloch). Vanicolo; Waigiu; East Indies.
Family BRACHYPTEROIDA.
BRACHYPTEROIS Ginther.
Brachypterois antennatus Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
Family MYCTOPHID.
DASYSCOPELUS Ginther.

Dasyscopelus asper (Richardson). New Ireland.
Dasyscopelus stellatus (Bennett). Open Pacific.

Scopelus stellatus Bennett, Whaling Voyage, 11, 288, open Pacific.
Dasyscopelus pristilepis Gilbert & Cramer. Deep seas of Hawaii.
Dasyscopelus spinosus (Liitken). Deep seas of Hawaii.

NANNOBRACHIUM Ginther.
Nannobrachium nigrum Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
MYCTOPHUM Rafinesque.
Myctophum fibulatum Gilbert & Cramer. Deep seas of Hawaii.
Myctophum margaritatum Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
Myctophum lutkeni Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
Myctophum evermanni Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
RHINOSCOPELUS Litken.
Rhinoscopelus oceanicus Jordan & Eyvermann. Deep seas to the southward of Hawaii.
DIAPHUS Eigenmann. (_Wthoprora Goode & Bean.)
Diaphus urolampus Gilbert & Cramer. Deep seas of Hawaii.
Diaphus chrysorhynchus Gilbert & Cramer. Deep seas of Hawaii.
Diaphus adenomus Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
CENTROBRANCHUS Fowler.
Centrobranchus cherocephalus Fowler. Deep seas of Hawaii.
Centrobranchus gracilicaudus Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
NEOSCOPELUS Johnson,
Neoscopelus alcocki Jordan & Starks. Deep seas of Hawaii; Japan.
Family MAUROLICIDA.

ZALARGES Jordan & Starks.

Zalarges nimbarius Jordan & Starks. Open sea between Hawaii and Seattle.

190 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Family GONOSTOMIDA.
CYCLOTHONE Goode & Bean.
97. Cyclothone rhodadenia Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
98. Cyclothone canina Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
GONOSTOMA Rafinesque.

99. Gonostoma elongatum Giinther. Deep water off New Guinea.

Gonostoma elongatum Giinther, Challenger Rept., 186, 1887, New Guinea.

Family STOMIID.
STOMIAS Risso.

100. Stomias boa Risso. Mid-Pacific; Mediterranean.

Stomias boa, Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 846, 149° 26’ W., mid-Pacific.
ASTRONESTHES Richardson.

101. Astronesthes lucifer Gilbert. Deep seas of the Pacific.

Family IDIACANTHID.

IDIACANTHUS Peters.

102. Idiacanthus fasciola Peters. Open Pacific.
Idiacanthus fasciola Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 846, north of New Guinea, 1° 45’ S., 136° W.

Family STERNOPTYCHID.
STERNOPTYX Herrmann.
103. Sternoptyx diaphana Herrmann. Deep seas of Hawaii; deep seas.
POLYIPNUS Gunther.
104. Polyipnus nuttingi Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
ARGYRIPNUS Giinther.
105. Argyripnus ephippiatus Gilbert & Cramer. Deep seas of Etenratil
ARGYROPELECUS Cocco.
106. Argyropelecus heathi Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
DIPLOPHOS Giinther.
107. Diplophos pacificus Giinther. Mid-Pacific.
Family PARALEPIDA.
LESTIDIUM Gilbert.
108. Lestidium nudum Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
NEOSUDIS Castelnau,

109. Neosudis vorax Castelnau. New Caledonia.

Neosudis vorax Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc. Vict. 1878, 118, Noumea (New Caledonia).

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 1G)

Family HALOSAURID.
ALDROVANDIA Goode & Bean. ( Hulosauwropsis Collett. )

110. Aldrovandia kauaiensis Gilbert. Deep waters of Hawaii, Kauai I.
111. Aldrovandia proboscidea Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
112. Aldrovandia verticalis Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
Family PLOTOSID.
PLOTOSUS Lacépéde.
113. Plotosus anguillaris Bloch. Apoa. Samoa; Waigiu; New Guinea; Solomon Islands (Seale);
Asia; East Indies.
Plotosus tkapor Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool. 11, 132, pl. 81, fig. 3, 1880, Waigiu.

This little catfish is occasionally taken in shallow water inside the reef at Apia. The yellow
stripes on the sides are very faint or wanting in our specimens, which otherwise do not seem to differ
at all from specimens from Nagasaki. We therefore place the species of the South Seas (Plotosus
ikapor, described first from Waigiu) in the synonymy of Plolosus anguillaris.

Color dark olive, mottled, white below; sides with scarcely a trace of pale stripes; fins dusky,
especially on the edges. Young individuals more distinctly marked, with two white stripes.

CNIDOGLANIS Gunther.
114. Cnidoglanis macrocephalus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). New Guinea (Macleay); Timor.
TACHYSURUS Lacépede.

115. Tachysurus greeffi (Kner & Steindachner).
Arius greffi Kner & Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1867, 28, Samoa.
This species is described from Samoa. Perhaps the specimen is not Samoan, but came from the
East Indian region, where catfishes of this type are abundant.

116. Tachysurus armiger (De Vis). New Britain.
Arius armiger De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1884, 454, New Britain.

GALEICHTHYS Cuvier & Valenciennes.

117. Galeichthys froggatti (Ramsay & Ogilby). New Guinea.

Arius froggatti Ramsay & Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1886, 15, Strickland River (New Guinea).
118. Galeichthys latirostris (Macleay). New Guinea.

Arius latirostris Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1884, 276.

NETUMA Bleeker.

119. Netuma spatula (Ramsay & Ogilby). New Guinea.

Arius spatula Ramsay & Ogilby, op. cit., 16, Strickland River (New Guinea).
120. Netuma thalassina (Riippell). New Guinea (Macleay); [ast Indies.
HEMIPIMELODUS Bleeker.
121. Hemipimelodus dayi Ramsay «& Ogilby. Strickland River, New Guinea.
122. Hemipimelodus crassilabris Ramsay & Ogilby. Strickland River, New Guinea.
LAMBERTIA Perugia.

123. Lambertia atra Perugia. New Guinea.

Lambertia atra Perugia, Ann. Mus. Genova 1894, 550, East New Guinea,

192 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Family ANGUILLIDA.
ANGUILLA Thunberg. Tuna.

124. Anguilla mauritiana Bennett. Tuna tafa’i-lautalo; Tuna gatala. Waigiu; Tahiti; Samoa, in
rivers; Johanna I.; Leyuka and Ovalau; Fiji (Gunther); East Indies.

Anguilla mauritiana Bennett, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. 1831, 128, Mauritius. Gtinther, Cat., v1 26, Amboina,
Ceylon, Philippines, Formosa, Almorah, Johanna I. Gitinther, Shore Fishes, Challenger, 1880, 58, Lake
Waiheira (Tahiti).

Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, 1824, 241, Waigiu.

Murena marmorata Kner, Novara Fische, 369, Tahiti, Hongkong.

Anguilla labrosa Richardson, Voy. Erebus and Terror, 118, 1846, South Seas,

Murzxna maculata Bleeker, Atlas, Murenide, 9, tab. 1, fig. 2, East Indies; not of Lacépéde.

Anguilla johannx Giinther, Fish. Zanzibar, 124, Johanna I.

This species is the commonest eel of the Samoan Islands, abounding in quiet waters in all the
streams, and reaching a considerable size. We have about 20 specimens, mostly from Vaisigano River.
The species \aries considerably in the insertion of the dorsal, which is always well forward, however.
The body is always finely mottled or marbled, hence the vernacular name of tuga tafailotalo, or
‘eel colored like [boiled] taro.”’

Life colors of one specimen from Apia, dark brown, everywhere reticulate with darker. Another
was mottled olive and black; dorsal and anal edged with pale.

125. Anguilla fidjiensis Giinther. Rivers of Fiji.
Anguilla fidjiensis Giinther, Cat., Vill, 26, 1870, Kandavu and WNairi (Fiji).
This species, which we have not seen, is very close to Anguilla mauritiana, and seems within
the limits of variation of that species.

126. Anguilla obscura Gtinther. Fiji.
Anguilla obscura Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soe.Vict. 1871, 678, Fiji.

127. Anguilla otaheitensis Kaup. Tahiti.
Anguilla otaheitensis Kaup, Aale Hamb. Mus. 17, Tahiti.

128. Anguilla megastoma Kaup. Tuna mea. Mangareva; Aneiteum; Tahiti; Samoa; Rarotonga;
Tubuai; Austral Is.; Nukahiva, Marquesas Is. (Seale).
Anguilla megastoma Kaup, Apodes 30, Megareva.
Anguilla aneitensis Giinther, Cat., vil, 34, 1870, Aneiteum. Giinther, Shore Fishes, Challenger, 1880, 58, Lake
Waiheira (Tahiti).

This species is uniformly colored above, pale below, with the dorsal well forward, though less
adyanced than in Anguilla mauritiana; the teeth in very broad bands, the vomerine band narrower
than the maxillary bands. We have two specimens from the Vaisigano River at Apia. Kaup’s
type is said to come from Megarava, which is evidently a misprint for Mangareva, one of the
Gambier Islands.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, yellow brown, belly and dorsal yellow; fine yellow dots on
lateral line. Much paler and more yellow than Anguilla australis. Dorsal fin more advanced.

129. Anguilla sidat Bleeker. Samoa; New Zealand.

The species seems to differ from Anguilla australis in having the maxillary extending beyond the
eye, the vomerine teeth also extending backward almost as far as the maxillary teeth. We have one
large specimen from Samoa answering to the description of this species. Were it not for the much
longer maxillary we should think this the adult of Anguilla australis.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, plain dark brown, yellow below; dorsal grayish dusky. Dor-
sal posterior.

130. Anguilla australis Richardson. Samoa ; New Zealand; East Indies.

Of this species we have half a dozen young from the streams ( Vaisigono, Gasegase) about Apia.
They seem to agree perfectly with Anguilla australis, having the dorsal inserted a little before vent and
the vomerine band of teeth considerably shorter than the maxillary band.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 193

Family SYNAPHOBRANCHIDA.
SYNAPHOBRANCHUS Johnson.

131. Synaphobranchus brachysomus Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawai.

Family LEPTOCEPHALIDE.
LEPTOCEPHALUS Gmelin.

132. Leptocephalus marginatus Valenciennes. Pusi solasulu. Hawaii; Samoa; New Guinea;
East Indies.

This conger eel, common throughout the Pacific, is abundant both at Samoa and Honolulu. It is
easily known by the black blotch on the pectoral fin. We have 8 examples from Samoa.

CONGRELLUS Ogilby.

133. Congrellus bowersi Jenkins. Hawaii.
134. Congrellus neo-guinaicus (Bleeker). New Guinea.

135. Congrellus fijiensis Ogilby. Fiji.
Congrellus fijiensis Ogilby, Proz. Lin. Soe. N.S. W.1898, 288, Fiji.
136. Congrellus guttulatus (Glinther). Samoa; Fiji.
One specimen from Apia. Life colors, light olive, with dark cross-shades; pectoral] plain; vertical
dns with broad dark edge; an oblique olive shade before eye.

137. Congrellus zquoreus Gilbert & Cramer. Deep seas of Hawaii.
PROMYLLANTOR Alcock.
138. Promylantor alcocki Gilbert & Cramer. Deep seas of Hawaii.
METOPOMYCTER Gilbert.
139. Metopomycter denticulatus Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
VETERNIO Snyder.
140. Veternio verrens Snyder. Hawaii.
Family MURANESOCIDA.
MURANESOX McClelland.
141. Mureenesox cinereus (Forskal). Hood Bay; New Guinea; East Indies.
Family MYRIDA.
MURENICHTHYS Bleeker.
142. Mureenichthys macropterus Bleeker. New Caledonia; East Indies.
MYROPTERURA Ogilby.
143. Myropterura laticaudata Ogilby. Fiji.
Myropterura laticaudata Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., 1897, 247, Fiji.
Family NEMICHTHYID.
NEMICHTHYS Richardson.

144. Nemichthys scolopaceus Richardson. North of Papua in deep water; open seas.

Nemichthys scolopaceus, Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 849, north of Papua in deep water.

194 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

SERRIVOMER Gill & Ryder.
145. Serrivomer beani Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
STEMONIDIUM Gilbert.
146. Stemonidium hypomelas Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
NEMATOPRORA Gilbert.

147. Nematoprora polygonifera Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

Family OPHICHTHYID.

SPHAGEBRANCHUS Bloch.
148. Sphagebranchus flavicaudus Snyder. Maui, Hawaii.
DALOPHIS Rafinesque.

149. Dalophis longipinnis (Kner & Steindachner). Samcwa.
This small species, very slender in form and having the dorsal inserted in advance of the gill-
opening, is known to us from a very young example taken at Apia.

150. Dalophis misolensis (Gunther). Misol.
Ophichthys misolensis Gunther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., x, 1872, 426, Misol.

MICRODONOPHIS Kaup.

151. Microdonophis fowleri Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.
152. Microdonophis macgregori Jenkins. Hawaii.
153. Microdonophis polyophthalmus Bleeker. Hawaii; East Indies.
This species differs from the type of Microdonophis in having the dorsal inserted over the middle of
the head. The body is uniformly colored.

BASCANICHTHYS Jordan & Davis.

154. Bascanichthys pinguis Ginther. Solomon Islands.

Ophichthys pinguis Gunther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., x, 1872, 425, Solomon Islands.
CALLECHELYS Guichenot.

155. Callechelys luteus Snyder. Molokai, Hawaiian Islands.

156. Callechelys filaris (Ginther). Misol.

Ophichthys filaris Gunther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., X, 1872, 425, Misol.
LEIURANUS Bleeker.

157. Leiuranus semicinctus (Lay & Bennett). ’Ata’ata uli. Hawaii; Japan; East Indies.

Of this species we have one large specimen from Apia. Its coloration is wonderfully close to that
of Chlevastes colubrinus, but the black bands are broader than in the latter, and most of them do not
meet the fellow on the belly. This species is widely diffused, occurring in company with the two
species of Chlevastes, both of which are colored remarkably like it.

158. Leiuranus cobra (De Vis). South Seas.
Ophichthys cobra De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W., 1884, 455, South Seas.

This species is said to have the head one-tenth of the length of the trunk. In other respects it
agrees with Leiwranus semicinctus, with which it is probably identical.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 195

BRACHYSOMOPHIS Kaup.
159. Brachysomophis henshawi Jordan & Snyder. Honolulu.

160. Brachysomophis crocodolinus (Bennett). Tahiti; Mauritius.

MYRICHTHYS Girard.
161. Myrichthys stypurus Smith & Swain. Johnston I.
162. Myrichthys magnificus (Abbott). Hawaii.

CHLEVASTES Jordan & Snyder.

168. Chlevastes colubrinus (Boddaert). Samoa; Guam; East Indies.
A few specimens from Samoa,
164. Chlevastes fasciatus (Ahl). Samoa; East Indies.

Murexna fasciata Al, De Murzna et Ophichtho, 1789, 9, East Indies.
Ophichthys colubrinus fasciatus Giinther, Cat., vir, 81, 1870, Borneo.
Ophichthys naja De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1884, 455, South Seas.

This species seems to us distinct from Chlevastes colubrinus. The head is shorter, 9 to 11 times in
the length of the trunk (7 to 8 in Chlevastes colubrinus). The black cross-bands are less regularly

Fie. 5.—Chlevastes fasciatus (Ahl).

formed, having backward projections, and there is in the pale interspace usually a large rounded
black spot or ocellus.
We have two large examples from the coral reef at Apia.

Family MORINGUIDA.
MORINGUA Gray. (Including Aphthalmichthys Kaup.)

165. Moringua hawaiiensis Snyder. Honolulu.

166. Moringua macrocephala Bleeker. Samoa; East Indies.

Of this rare species, distinguished by its long head, we have one fine specimen from the harbor of
Pago Pago. Depth 4in head; head 9 in total length; pectoral minute, scale-like; gill-openings separate.

Life colors light pinkish brown, nearly uniform; head very clear translucent rosy red; caudal more
orange.

This specimen was taken in salt water at the mouth of a little brook and was very tenacious of life.

167. Moringua javanica (Kaup). Fiji; Moluccas.

196 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Family MURANIDA.
RHINAMURANA Garman.

This genus differs from Hurymyctera in having the anterior nostrils slit and dilated at the ends,
which are produced into long flaps.

168. Rhinamurena quesita Garman. Marshall Is.

Rhinamurena quesita Garman, Bull. Essex Inst. 1889, 114, Marshall Is.
169. Rhinamurena eritima Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 7.20 in total length, 2.65 in body anterior to vent; depth 2 in head; vent exactly midway
between tip of snout and tip of tail; length of snout, from posterior nostril, 5.20 in head; eye 2 in
snout; angle of jaws 2.20 in head; jaws curved and can not be completely closed; dorsal high 4.60 in
head; anal abont one-half as high as dorsal; origin of anal immediately posterior to vent; origin of
dorsal about midway between gill-openings and angle of jaws; gill-openings size of eye; anterior
nostrils on end of snout long, about equal to eye, terminating in an expanded disk two-thirds as wide
as eye; posterior nostrils consisting of slightly elevated tubes situated on upper side of snout directly

nll

Fic. 6.—Rhinamuraena eritima Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

above anterior margin of eye; top of snout flat with a narrow concave groove; depth of snout at ante-
rior margin of eye slightly less than width; forehead evenly rounded from posterior of eyes; teeth in
lower jaw in a single row of 25 sharp, concave teeth on each side, the anterior five being enlarged;
posterior teeth of upper jaw small and uniserial, the anterior teeth large biserial canines, three of
which are on the median line of vomer; a single row of blunt palatine teeth; throat with numerous
longitudinal wrinkles.

Life colors, light-grayish brown, paler below; dorsal dusky with a sharply defined bluish white
edge; anal with a faint pale edge. Color in spirits earth-brown, yellowish on belly and under part of
head, dorsal and anal with distinct white margins, that of the dorsal broader, the posterior third of
dorsal shading into an intermarginal black area, a yellowish wash on head posterior to eye.

This very handsome eel is known to us from a single specimen 20.15 inches long, taken at Pago
Pago. Type no. 51717, U. 8. National Museum.

MURZENA Linneus.

170. Mureena kailue Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.

Murena pardalis Bleeker, Atlas, Murenidze, 86, pl. 25, figs. 1 and 2, Java, Cocos; probably not Murzna pardalis of

Schlegel, a Japanese species.

Murena kailue Jordan & Eyermann, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., x x11, 1902 (1903), 165, Kailua (Hawaii).

Murxna lampra Jenkins, Bull. U. §. Fish Comm., x x11, 1902 (1903), 428, fig. 83, Honolulu.

Murena kauila Jenkins, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., x x11, 1902 (1908), 424, fig. 4, Honolulu.

This species is rather common about the Hawaiian reefs, but was not seen atSamoa. The receipt

of additional specimens from Honolulu forces us to believe that the variation in the arrangement of

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 197

spots in this species is very great. If M. kawila and M. lampra are distinct species, we must add still
two more to the list. The species is very close to the Japanese Murna pardalis Schlegel, and may
prove to be a variation of the latter, as Bleeker has supposed. In Murena kailuez the white spots on
the belly are larger than in the Japanese species.

The life coloration of this species is very bright and attractive.

171. Murzna pavonina Richardson. South Seas.

Murexna pavonina Richardson, Voyage Sulphur, 110, pl. 53, figs. 1-6, South Seas.
ENCHELYNASSA Kaup.

172. Enchelynassa canina (Quoy & Gaimard). Hawaii; Samoa; Rawak; Waigiu.

Murexna caninaa Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, 247, 1824, Rawak, Waigiu.

Enchelynassa bleekeri Kaup, Apodes, 72, fig. 55, 1864; locality unknown. Jordan & Snyder, Proc. U. §. Nat. Mus.,

XXVIII, 1904, 941, Hawaii.
Gymnothorax vinolentus Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (1903), 165, Kailua (Hawaii).
Of this species 3 specimens are known besides the original type. These are the type of G. vinolentus

from Hawaii, a very similar specimen now before us, from Samoa, and a very large example similar to
Kaup’s type, from Hawaii. It is one of the largest of the morays, and the most formidably armed.

EURYMYCTERA Kaup.

173. Eurymyctera acutirostris (Abbott). Hawaii.

Murena acutirostris Abbott, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 476, Hawaii.
Gymnothorax acutirostris Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1900, 494, plate 18, Hawaii, same specimen.

GYMNOTHORAX Bloch. Pusi.

174. Gymnothorax eupterus (Giinther). Raoul I.
Murena euptera Gunther, Cat., VIII, 122, 1870, Raoul I.

175. Gymnothorax waialue Snyder. Hawaii.
Gymnothorax waialux Snyder, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., x x11, 1902 (1904), 520, pl. 6, Waialua (near Honolulu).
This species is known from a young example taken by Professor Snyder. It is very close to the
Japanese-East Indian species, Gymnothorax reticularis, but the arrangement of the sharply defined
black cross-bands is different, and the interspaces between the bands are pale, as in Chlevastes
colubrinus.

176. Gymnothorax petelli (Bleeker). Hawaii; Samoa; East Indies.

Murexna petelli Bleeker, Nat. Tijds., x1, 84, Java. Giinther, Cat., viil, 105, Java, Mauritius.
Gymnothora petelli, Bleeker, Atlas, Murenide, 99, tab. XXXU, fig. 1.

Murzna interrupta Kaup, Apodes, 67, fig. 51, 1854, Red Sea.

Gymnothorax leucaeme Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., Xx1I, 1902 (1903), 427, fig. 7, Honolulu.

Of this handsome species we have 7 large specimens from Pago Pago and Apia. They agree
entirely with the accounts both of petelli and leucacme.

Life colors of aspecimen from Apia, dark brown, with 19 to 22 broad black cross-bars about as wide
as the interspaces; fins barred like body; interspaces on anal whitish, some of the dark bands reaching
the fin, others not; interspaces on dorsal pale, whitish on edge, each interspace with a large marginal
black spot; tip of the tail white (sometimes black); angle of mouth black; belly light brown, the bands
anteriorly not meeting across it (a dark spot sometimes between each pair of bands).

177. Gymnothorax meleagris (Shaw). Samoa; Fiji; East Indies.
Murzxna meleagris Shaw, Nat. Misc., pl. 220, about 1802, Pacific. Glinther, Cat., vit, 100, Zanzibar, Java, Mauri-
tius, Fiji, Seychelles.
? Murxnophis hauy Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 646, pl. vit, fig. 2, 1803; no locality.
Thyrsoidea chlorostigma Kaup, Apodes, 89, 1854, Seychelles.
Gymnothorax chlorostigma Bleeker, Atlas, 97, tab. XXXIV, fig. 2, East Indies.

aThis species, Enchelynassa canina, is said to be black, with yery long needle-like teeth, and tubular nostrils. The
type was only 7.5 inches long, and from the description is probably the young of Enchelynassa bleekeri.

198 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Of this strongly marked species, known by its many small yellow spots, black gill-opening and
white-tipped tail, we have one large specimen from Apia. Color in life bright brown, with every-
where stellate spots of yellowish white, the spots round and much. smaller than eye, smaller on the
head and slightly larger and much farther apart on tail; belly, chin, snout, and throat spotted like
the body; fins dusky-edged, spotted; tail broadly tipped with white; gill-opening black.

178. Gymnothorax xanthostomus Snyder. Hawaii.

179. Gymnothorax leucostictus Jenkins. Hawaii.

180. Gymnothorax goldsboroughi Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.
181. Gymnothorax nuttingi Snyder. Hawaii.

182. Gymnothorax eurostus (Abbott). Hawaii.

183. Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (Richardson). Samoa; Tonga; Guam; Faté and Tubuai (Seale);
East Indies.
Murena thyrsoidea Richardson, Voyage Sulphur, 111, 1845, not fig., China. Giinther, Cat., vir, 113, China, Pinang.
Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1900, 514, French Pass.
Murexna griseobadia Richardson, Voyage Erebus and Terror, 89, Tonga.
Murzna prosopeion Bleeker, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., Iv, 300, East Indies,
Gymnothorax prosopeion, Bleeker, Atlas, Murzenide, 88, tab. XXXIX, fig. 3.
Murexna tile, Seale, Bishop Museum, 1901, 62, Guam; not of Hamilton.
This widely diffused species may be known by its pale color and small whitish spots, with the
anterior part of the head abruptly blackish. It is probably the species called Murzna tile by Seale.
A small specimen from Pago Pago. Color in life light gray, mottled with light purple, leaving the
ground-color as pale spots; head distinctly dark purplish or blackish; iris white; gill-opening and
angle of mouth pale; dorsal colored like the body, with a broad pale edge; anal pale.

184. Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl). Pusi gatala. Hawaii; Samoa; New Guinea; Tahiti; Rarotonga;
Mangareya; Makatea; Shortland I. (Seale); East Indies.

This species, readily known by its pale color and purplish specklings which gradually gather
together with age to form dark spots, is very common throughout the South Seas. We have about 10
specimens of various sizes from Samoa, the largest representing the form called Gynmothorax sidereus,
which is the adult. Gymmnothorax litus, a closely allied form, seems to us a distinct species.

Color in life of a specimen from Apia, light gray, very finely dotted and marbled with purplish
gray, which is purplish brown in larger examples; adult with numerous irregular diffuse transverse
bars made up of dark spots, streaks and reticulations, these being a little denser in the bars; these
bars composed of three lengthwise series of denser areas, which gradually with age form series of dark
spots, the uppermost on the dorsal; top of head and snout densely speckled like the body; chin and
throat with scattered purplish specks, which disappear on the belly, which is white; angle of mouth
and gill-opening uncolored; anal speckled like the body, the edge less spotted.

In the young there are neither spots nor bars, but the ground-color is covered with reticulations
of different degrees of intensity, the fish always pale purplish with white belly.

185. Gymnothorax litus (Richardson). Tahiti; Marquesas Is.; Samoa; East Indies.
Murexna lita Richardson, Voyage Erebus and Terror, 84, 1846, Moluccas.
Gymnothorax pictus Bleeker, Atlas, Murzenide, in part, tab. XXIX, fig. 1, but not description.
Murexna nigrolineata Kaup, Apodes, 66, 1854, Marquesas Is,
Murena chrysops Kaup, Apodes, 70, 1854, Tahiti.

Of this species we have several specimens from Apia. It is close to Gymnothorax pictus, but is
apparently distinct, haying the color darker, and the lower jaw and throat profusely marked with
blackish lines. This region is faintly speckled in G. pictus. G. chrysops seems to be the same species
and G. nigrolineatus also may be the same.

Color in life of a specimen from Apia, ground-color yellowish olive, darker above, thickly
covered with reticulations and specklings of dark purplish brown, darker than in G. pictus; some trace
of irregular dark reticulated cross-streaks on tail; fins colored like the body, as are head, throat and
belly; lower jaw and throat closely spotted; no black at angle of mouth nor on gill-opening; no pale
erlges to fins.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 199

186. Gymnothorax tznioides (Giinther). Samoa.
Murena tenioides Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, 674, Savaii (Samoa).

This species is quite unlike any taken by us in Samoa. We have not seen it.

187. Gymnothorax favagineus Bloch & Schneider. Samoa; Faté, New Hebrides (Seale); East
Indies.
Gymnothorax favagineus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth. taf. 105, Tranquebar.
Murena tessellata Richard on, Ichth, Sulphur, 109, pl. 55, figs. 5-8, 18 Giinther, Cat., vit, 106, Zanzibar, East Indies.
Gymnothorax tessellatus Bleeker, Atlas, 93, tub. XXvII, fig. 3; pl. 28, fig. 1.
Murxna python Kaup, Apodes, 68, fig.

53, Africa.

Of this East Indian species we have one small example from Samoa. It much resembles Bleek-
er’s figure of Gymnothorax tessellatus. Apparently G. isingteena, with the spots separated by broad
interspaces of the ground color, is a different species.

Color in life of aspecimen from Pago Pago, pale yellowish olive, with four rows of blackish olive
spots along the side, larger than eye on body, smaller on head, very regular, a similar row on dorsal

and anal; belly also spotted; the ground color reduced to a broad net-work around the spots.

188. Gymnothorax polyophthalmus (Bleeker). Samoa; Caroline Is.; East Indies.
Murzna polyophthalma Bleeker, Act. Soc. Ned. Ind., 111, Celebes, x, 15, Celebes.

Of this species, hitherto known from one small example, we have two examples equally small, from
Apia, and a larger one, 8.75 inches long, from Kusai Island, Caroline Group. All of them resemble
Bleeker’s figure very closely. The body is covered with many black spots on a light ground, the
largest of them being rings with a yellow center.

Color in spirits, light olive, almost white below, with about three rows of dark olive spots as large
as eye, each spot being ring-like with a yellowish center of the ground-color; besides these many
small dark spots and specks; a row of ring-like spots on dorsal with many smaller specks; a row of
blackish spots along base of anal; posterior half of dorsal and whole of anal with a broad unspotted
edge; spots anteriorly very small; scattering spots on chin and belly; gill-opening pale; no spot at
angle of mouth.

189. Gymnothorax stellatus (Lacépéde). Pusi pulepule. Samoa; New Britain; East Indies.

Murxnophis stellatus Lacépede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, pp. 6 329, 644, 1803, New Britain.

Murena fimbriata Bennett, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc., 1, 1831, 168. Giinther, Cat., vim, 108, Borneo, Amboina, Port
Essington.

Murezna bullata Richardson, Voy. Erebus and Terror, 86, 1846, Borneo.

Murzxna isingleenoides Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen <v, Mur., 48, East Indies.

Gymnothorax isingleenoides Bleeker, Atlas, Murzenid, 91, tab. Xxxyv, fig. 1, East Indies.

Of this strongly marked species we have eight specimens from Apia. Lacépéde’s stellatus, with
two rows of black spots, is probably the same as the /imbriatus of Bennett.

Color in life of one specimen, body pale reddish olive with many purplish black spots, irreg-
ular in form, about as large as eye; the oblong spots longer, the spots all narrower than the inter-
spaces; spots arranged in about 3 rows, with a row also on dorsal fin and the lower row extending on
anal; belly pale, unspotted; dorsal and anal with a yellowish margin, broader on anal, which is mostly
pale; head with much smaller spots, sparsely placed; folds on neck dark, conspicuous; gill-opening
pale; angle of mouth with a small black spot, a whitish ‘spot before it on the lower jaw only; chin
and snout dark.

190. Gymnothorax buroensis (Bleeker). Caroline Is.; Samoa; East Indies.
Murena buroensis Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., vii1, 79, Buro.
Gymnothorax buroensis, Bleecker, Atlas, Murzenidee, 9), tab. XL, fig. 1, East Indies.

Of this species we have 10 specimens from Samoa and three from the island of Kusai, in the
Carolines, collection of Mr. A. P. Lundin. The species is always very dark, with darker spots and
markings, which vary considerably with age and shade of color. The tip of the tail is always white.
We identify our specimens with buroensis with a little doubt, but there is no other species with which
we can place them.

Color in life of a specimen from Apia, dark brown, a little paler below; dorsal fin high, with very
obscure black bars, and behind edged with light orange; the body also faintly barred with darker.
This coloration was seen in three young examples obtained from a cracked coral head.

200 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Color in spirits (adult specimens) very dark purplish brown, with longitudinal rows of small,
diffuse, irregular black spots, smaller than eye, arranged in about four irregular rows; these spots
rather larger on the tail, smaller towards the head, which is not spotted; top of head and snout dark;
angle of mouth not colored; gill-opening not colored; fins colored like the body, the caudal with a
narrow pale edge; throat pale, unspotted; belly darker and spotted posteriorly.

191. Gymnothorax mucifer Snyder. Honolulu.
Gymnothorax mucifer Snyder, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., XxIr, 1908 (1904), 519, pl. 5, fig. 9, Honolulu,

This species is known from a single example from Hawaii. It strongly resembles Gymnothorax
buroensis, but in the latter the upper teeth are in two rows.

192. Gymnothorax laysanus (Steindachner). Hawaii; Laysan.

Murena laysana Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, XVI, June 27, 1900, 177, Laysan.

Gymnothorax laysanus, Jenkins, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., xxi, 1902 (1903), 425, Honolulu. Snyder, Bull. U.S. Fish
Comm., Xx11, 1902 (1904), 518, Honolulu, Hilo.

Lycodontis parvibranchialis Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1900, 404, Hawaii.

This species is occasionally taken about the Hawaiian Islands. Dr. Steindachner’s second figure
representing a species finely speckled with white only may represent some other species. Fowler’s
parvibranchialis with white spots in about four rows seems to be identical with our smaller specimens.

193. Gymnothorax polyuranodon (Bleeker). New Guinea (Bleeker); East Indies.
194. Gymnothorax hilonis Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.

195. Gymnothorax tenebrosus (Richardson). Tahiti (Seale).
Murzna tenebrosa Richardson, Voy. Erebus and Terror, 84, 1846; locality unknown, probably Tahiti.

.

196. Gymnothorax variegatus (Quoy & Gaimard). Guam.

197. Gymnothorax chalazius Waite. Tubuai; Austral Is. (Seale); Australia.
Gymnothorax chalazius Waite, Rec. Austr. Mus., v, 145, 1904, Lord Howe I.

An ally of Gymnothorax laysanus, recently taken by Mr. Seale at Tubuai.

198. Gymnothorax javanicus (Bleeker). Pusi maoa’e. Samoa; East Indies.
Murzxna platbernon Richardson, Voy. Erebus and Terror, 84, 1846, Darnley I.; not of Quoy & Gaimard.
Murena javanica Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., x1x, 241, Java.
Gymnothorax javanicus, Bleeker, Atlas, Murenide, 95, tab. Xxx xXvV, fig. 2.

Of this species we have five examples from Samoa from 13 to 4 feet in length. It is one of the
largest eels of the South Seas, and the coloration is the same at all ages. The species is well separated
from G. batuensis, with which and with several other species Dr. Gunther has confounded it under the
name G. flavomarginatus. Murenophis griseus Lacépéde seems to be G. pictus. Murena geometrica=
Murena bilineata Riippell is a species of Echidna.

Color in life of a very large specimen from Apia, brownish with blacker spots, larger behind; a
large black spot around gill-opening. Another specimen from Apia in life was reddish brown with jet
black spots and blotches, irregular in size but much larger than eye; about three rows on body, reduc-
ing ground-color to broad reticulations; about 40 to 50 spots in a row, those of the upper row extend-
ing on the dorsal, the spots rather larger than those in the second row; those of the third row still
smaller; belly paler, with smaller black spots; head similar, the spots small, much smaller than eye;
angle of mouth black; gill-opening in a large black spot; wrinkles on head dark; fins spotted and col-
ored like the body; tip of tail with a pale edge; obscure pale edging to fins behind.

199. Gymnothorax flavomarginatus (Ruppell). Pusi gatala (spotted moray). Samoa; Hawaii;
New Guinea; Norfolk I.; East Indies.
Murena flavomarginata Ruppell, Atlas, 119, tab. xxx, fig. 3, 1828, Red Sea. Gitinther, Cat., vu, 119, Zanzibar,
Seychelles, Batu, Norfolk Island.
Gymnothorax flavomarginatus, Bleeker, Atlas, Mureenide, 95, tab. XXXII, fig. 2, tab. xx xv, fig. 3, East Indies.
Murxna batuensis Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., x11, 241, Batu.
This dull-colored moray is, with Gymnothorax undulatus, the most common species at Samoa, and
it is occasionally taken at Hawaii. It is readily known by the small dusky spots which cover the
whole body, obscuring the pale ground color. The gill-opening is black, and there is a mere trace of

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 201

a yellow edge to the vertical fins posteriorly, but hardly a yellow margin. The fore part of the head
is black. This is apparently the Murana f!avomarginata of Riippell, as supposed by Bleeker.

Color in life of a specimen from Apia, yellow-olive, darker above, with some yellow spots; body
and fins with black spots; fins narrowly edged with yellow; front of head black.

Color of same specimen in alcohol, dusky olive, paler below; everywhere with confluent mar-
blings or spots of purplish brown, the olive ground-color appearing as small, irregular, yellow spots
or vague streaks; head a little darker; snout and tip of chin black; gill-opening in a conspicuous black
spot; angle of mouth black; tip of caudal narrowly edged with yellowish white, the color extending
as a very narrow edge on vertical fins; dorsal nearly black, mottled like the body; anal similar.

200. Gymnothorax thalassopterus Jenki
Gymnothorax thalassoplerus Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., xx1r, 1902 (1903), 427, pl. 11,, Honolulu; not cotypes.
This species is known from one specimen from Honolulu. In this type, as shown in Jenkins’
figure, the dark spots on the body are almost all separate, not confluent as in G. flavomarginatus.
In all other regards the two forms seem to agree, and G. thalassopterus is probably only a yariant
individual of the latter species. The smaller cotypes from Honolulu mentioned by Dr. Jenkins are
the ordinary flavomarginatus, the dark spots everywhere confluent as usual.

201. Gymnothorax talofa Jordan & Starks, new species. Samoa.

Head 7 in entire length; depth 2.33 in head; snout rather sharp, 5 in head; eye 1.80 in snout:
length of mouth 1.50 in head; gill-opening smaller than pupil; lower jaw strongly hooked upward
toward its tip; in the upper jaw an irregular broken series of sharp canines on each side, slightly

Fie. 7.—Gymnothorax talofa Jordan & Starks, new species. Type.

hooked backward; posteriorly an outer series of much more regular, closer-set, and smaller series
somewhat directed backward; anteriorly and medially two vertical yvomerine teeth longer and sharper
_than the others. On the lower jaw a series of teeth similar to the outer series of upper jaw, while
anteriorly are 4 or 5 sharp canines irregular in length; trunk 1.33 in caudal.

Color in alcohol dark reddish brown, with whitish streaks and blotches arranged in one or two
rows with a vague third row below, the ground-color forming dark cross-shades between the whitish
streaks. The white markings are in fact short vertical streaks, which on the tail become narrow white
wayy cross-baads, relatively conspicuous. Head and anterior part of trunk with a row of diffuse dark
blotches on the cross-shades, these distinct near head, where the first one is a long wedge on the tem-
poral region, but fading behind; angle of mouth black; a white streak from snout to vent along the
median line; gill-opening pale; fins colored like body; caudal with a narrow yellowish edge; belly
and throat plain brown. :

Two specimens, from Apia. The type, no. 51713, U, 8. National Museum, is 10 inches in length.
Talofa is the common Samoan salutation, equivalent to the Hawaiian aloha.

202. Gymnothorax detactus Bryan & Herre. Marcus I.; Samoa; Nukahiva (Seale).
Gymnothorac detactus Bryan & Herre, Bishop Museum, 11, 1903, 126, Marcus I. :

Two specimens from Apia seem to be identical with this species, although Bryan and Herre do not
mention the markings at the angle of the mouth.

B. B. F.1905—14

202 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Color in aleohol pale gray, much mottled and spotted with purplish brown, the brown forming
vague branching cross-bars or streaks, much anastomosed, covering belly also, these most bar-like
behind; throat and chin paler; no pale edge to fins; angle of mouth brown, with a yellow spot before
it on each jaw; pores on jaws white; fins colored like the body.

208. Gymnothorax rhodocephalus Bleeker. Rarotonga (Seale); Hast Indies.

(Gymnothorax formosus Bleeker.)

204. Gymnothorax lineatus (Lesson). Tahiti; Oualan; Samoa; East Indies.

Murznophis lineatus Lesson, Voy. Coquille, 127, pl. 11, fig. 1, 1880, Oualan; poor figure:

Murena flaveolus Lesson, Voy. Coquille, 128, pl. 11, fig. 2, 1830, Oualan; smaller specimen, with a better figure.

Murzena grisea Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen., XX11, Bali, 11, Bali; not of Lacépéde.

Murzxna richardsoni Bleeker, Nat. Tijds., 111, 226. Bleeker, Atlas, Murznide, 100, tab. xt, fig. 2. Kner, Novara
Fische, 385, Tahiti. Gtinther, Cat., viI , 118, Zanzibar, Amboina, Ceram, East Indies,

? Murzena ceramensis Bleeker, Nat. Tijds., 111, 297, Ceram.

Gymnothorax ceramensis Bleeker, Atlas, Mureenide, 101, tab. XXXII, fig. 3.

Murxna scoliodon Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen., Xxv,-Murenide, 43, Sumatra.

Murxna troscheli Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen., xxv, Murzenidee, 45.

Murxna venosa Kaup, Apodes, 68, 1854, Timor.

Thyrsoidea multifasciata Kaup, Apodes, 87, 1854, Moluccas.

Murexna vermicularis Peters, Wiegmann’s Archiy

Murxna diplodon Peters, Wiegmann’s Archiy, 1855 a

Murxna floresiana Bleeker, Nat. Tijds., v1, 334, Flores.

We refer (hree examples of ‘a small moray from Apia to Lesson’s lineatus and flaveolus. In this
species the dorsal fin is very high, the body brown crossed by irregular darker lines, and there is, as
in G. rhodocephalus and G'. detactus, a dark spot between two yellow spots at the angle of the mouth.
The individual specimens differ somewhat in color, enough to allow for the discrepancies in the poor
figures | ablished by Lesson. The common Gymnothorax richardsoni of the East Indies seems to be the
same species. ;

Color in alcohol light reddish brown, darker above, with dark vertical broken streaks or bands,
very irregular in form and more or less reticulating; at intervals broadening into dark spots; markings
a little more irregular on the tail; belly pale, unspotted or else marked like the body; head unspotted;
angle of mouth black, with a white spot before it on both jaws; fins very high, paler than body, the
cross-streaks on body extending on dorsal and anal; no white edgings on fins; gill-opening pale.

Close to G. stellatus, but with the spots replaced by cross-streaks and reticulations. Also near G.
detactus but the dorsal much higher, and the markings darker and more band-like. G. rhodocephalus
is also related, but in that species the cross-streaks behind are pale.

205. Gymnothorax ercodes Jenkins. Hawaii.

206. Gymnothorax steindachneri Jordan & Eyermann. Hawaii; Laysan.
Gymnothorax steindachnert Jordan & Eyermann, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., Xx1r, 1902 (1908), 166, Honolulu.
Muerna flavomarginata var., Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, Lxx, 1900, 514, pl. vi, fig. 3, Laysan; not of
Riippell. :
Of this species we have several specimens from Hawaii. It bears little resembiance to G‘ymno-
thorax flavomarginatus, under which name Dr. Steindachner figures it.

207. Gymnothorax gracilicauda Jenkins. Hawaii.

This species, with a long and slender tail, is recognized in the original type only, a small speci-
men, perhaps the young of Gymnothorax steindachneri.

208. Gymnothorax undulatus (Lacépéde). Pusi pulepule. New Guinea; Hawaii; Samoa; Tubuai;
Raiatea (Seale); East Indies.
? Murena marmorata® Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, 247, 1824, Waigiu, Rawak.
This species is very abundant throughout the South Seas. We have about 8 examples, large
and smal], from Apia, and many from Hawaii.
Color in alcohol of a large specimen from Apia, dark brown with pale yellow or yellowish-white
reticulated and undulated cross-streaks, very numerous and much narrower than the masses of ground

aThe scanty description of Quoy & Gaimard is insufficient to identify this species. It is said to be reddish yellow with
a ring-like arrangement of markings. The teeth are said to serrated. It is probably identical with Gymnothorax wndu-
latus, but it might be any other of several species.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. ; 208

color; many of these streaks formed somewhat like an inverted Y; snout dark; a black spot at angle
of mouth; gill-opening not black; markings on head more diffuse; black folds along side of neck;
belly yellowish, marbled with brownish; fins colored like body, the anal with a narrow yellowish
margin; tip of tail with a narrow pale edge.

209. Gymnothorax berndti Snyder. Hawaii.

STROPHIDON McClelland.

210. Strophidon brummeri (Bleeker). East Indies.
Recorded by De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1884, 457, New Hebrides.

ECHIDNA Forster.

211. Echidna nebulosa (Ahl). Pusi. Tahiti; Wahia; Tonga; Borabora; Hawaii; Samoa; New
Guinea; Shortland I.; Nukahiva (Seale); East Indies.
This widely diffused species is very common about Samoa, where about 40 specimens were taken.
It is relatively scarce about Hawaii.
212. Echidna zebra (Shaw). Samoa; Hawaii; Hast Indies.

This species, of a rich brown color, with narrow golden rings, is common at Samoa, where about
30 specimens were taken. It is rather scarce about Hawaii.

213. Echidna polyzona (Richardson). Tahiti; Nukahiva (Seale); Bast Indies.
214. Echidna zonopheza Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.

This species is close to Echidna polyzona, but with the other nominal species from Hawaii it seems
to differ in having the ground-color broken by mottlings. It may prove identical with Lchidna

zonata. In Echidna polyzona, as figured by Bleeker, the ground-color is plain dark brown as in
Echidna zebra, covered by rings of clear yellow.

215. Echidna zonata Fowler. Hawaii.
Echidna zonata Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1900, 496, Hawaii.
Echidna vincta Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., x x11, 1902 (1904), 429, Hawaii.
Echidna polyzona Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1900, 496, Hawaii; not of Richardson.
Dr. Jenkins found this species rather common at Honolulu. We see no difference between the
species called zonata and vincta.

216. Echidna psalion Jenkins. Hawaii.

This species is known from a single example, evidently very close to L. vincta, if indeed vincta
and zonophwa and possibly obscura and tritor be not all color variations of the same species, Hehidna
tritor.

217. Echidna tritor Vaillant & Sauvage. Hawaii.
218. Echidna obscura Jenkitts. Hawaii.
219. Echidna leihala Jenkins. Pusi’aiaiuga. Hawaii.

Numerous specimens taken recently at Hawaii leave little room for doubt as to the identity of the
nominal species, Echidna zonata, vincta, psalion, zonophxa, leihala, obscura with Echidna tritor. The
variations in the bands are very great, scarcely any two specimens being alike.

220. Echidna trossula Jordan & Starks, new species. Samoa.
Murexna nigra, Seale, Bishop Museum, 1901, 62, Guam; not of Day.

Head 7.5 in entire length; depth 2 in head; snout blunt, 6.5 in head; eye 1.5 in snout; tubes of
anterior nostrils scarcely as long as diameter of pupil; cleft of mouth from tip of snout to angle 3.33
in head; teeth slightly movable except those in roof of mouth behind yomerine teeth; teeth in upper
jaw in a single row on each side, anteriorly rather blunt and conical, posteriorly sharper and smaller;
the one sort giving place to the other abruptly; a median row of two teeth anteriorly similar to those
of anterior outer row; behind these and remote from them, extending back in the roof of the mouth

204 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

to opposite the last teeth of the outer row, a patch of blunt teeth usually in two rows, but sometimes
in one, or irregularly in two; teeth in lower jaw anteriorly biserial, posteriorly uniserial, resembling
in size and shape the outer series of upper jaw; gill-opening as long as eye; nuchal hump well
developed; preanal portion of body equal in length to postanal.
* Color dark with irregular dark brown spots, each conforming to the shape of its adjoining spots,
thickly placed over a light gray ground, leaving a fine network of the latter everywhere.
Life colors in a specimen from Pago Pago, dark brown, fins and tail paler; surface finely dotted
with dark points. A specimen from Apia, with head yery.short, had iris golden red; body brownish,
very finely but sharply dotted with darker brown; no markings.

Fic. 8.—Lehidna trossula Jordan & Starks, new species. Type.

Type no. 51714, U. S. National Museum, a specimen 6.5 inches long, from Apia.

This species, known by the presence of fine black specks all over the body, is rather common
about Samoa, where a dozen specimens were taken, at Apia and Pago Pago. A small eel with a small
mouth. ;

221. Echidna uniformis Seale. Guam.

Echidna uniformis Seale, Bishop Museum, 1901, 62, Guam.

222. Echidna delicatula Bleeker. Samoa; Hast Indies.
Echidna kishinouyei Jordan & Snyder, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1901, 890, with plate, Riukiu Is.

Of this species, known by the mottled purplish coloration and the anterior insertion of the dorsal,
we haye 7 examples from Pago Pago. The largest of these is about 18 inches long. This species is
well distinguished from 2. amblyodon of the East Indies, in having the insertion of the dorsal well in
front of that of the pectoral. :

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, dark olivaceous green, fins paler greenish, body covered
all over with brown reticulations around black spots.

223. Echidna amblyodon Bleeker. Marquesas Is. (Seale); East Indies.

ANARCHIAS Jordan & Starks, new genus.

Anarchias Jordan & Starks, new genus of Murzenidie (A. allardicei).

This genus contains small morays resembling Gymnothorax, but entirely lacking the anal fin; the
dorsal is developed as usual.

224. Anarchias allardicei Jordan & Starks, new species. Samoa.

Head 8.5 in length; depth 2.3 to 2.7; snout slightly blunter than in A. knighti, 5.5 in head; eye 1.5
in snout; length of mouth 2.7 to 3 in head. , Teeth similar to those of A. knighti except that there is
only a single yomerine tooth; tube of anterior nostril less than half diameter of eye; large pores rather
widely separated follow along the edge of mandible and border mouth above; three of them on each
side of upper part of snout, the most posterior one at upper edge of eye; trunk 1.2 to 1.7 in tail. No
anal fin; no distinct caudal; no pectoral.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 205

Four specimens, two from Apia, two from Pago Pago.

Life colors of a Pago Pago specimen dark clear brown, the dorsal blackish; tip of tail bright yellow
Specimen caught in the coral by cracking the large growing heads.

An Apia specimen was brown, lighter beneath; tip of tail bright yellow.

Color in spirits, everywhere a uniform dark reddish brown darker above; tip of caudal and under
part of mandible pale. :

Type no. 51715, U. S. National Museum, 160 mm. in length, from Pago Pago.

Fic. 9.—Anarchias allardicei Jordan & Starks, new species. Type.

225. Anarchias knighti Jordan & Starks, new species. Samoa.

Head 9.5 in full length; depth 2.15 in head; snout short and moderately blunt, 7.25 in head; eye
1.2 to 1.5 in snout; length of mouth, 3 in head. Teeth in two series in the upper jaw, the outer
series more close-set, smaller and more regular than the inner, the inner series rather large, sharp,
and of unequal length; anteriorly a pair of median vomerine teeth similar to those on the inner row;
teeth of mandible in two rows and resembling those of upper jaw; tube of anterior nostril half
diameter of eye; gill-opening very small, smaller than pupil. Length of trunk contained 1.17 in tail.

Fie. 10.—Anarchias knighti Jordan & Starks, new species. Type.

Tn spirits a network of dark lines covers the head and body oyer a ground color of slaty brown.
These in the type cover the body everywhere except under the mandible, which is white. In the
cotype the underparts are only slightly mottled, leaving them a soiled white.

This species differs from A. allardicei particularly in having the body mottled, and in haying a

. slightly longer snout and mouth and a slightly larger eve. It is known from two examples taken at
Apia by Prof. Robert Edgar Allardice and Master Knight Starr Jordan. Type, no. 51716 U.S.
National Museum, 115 mm. in length, and the cotype, 145 mm., both from Apia.

206 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

SCUTICARIA Jordan & Snyder.

226. Scuticaria tigrina (Lesson). Pusi solasulu. Wawaii; Samoa; Borabora; Tonga; Johnston I.;
Tahiti; Nukahiva (Seale).
This species is occasionally taken at Samoa and at Hawaii. It is common in the Kast Indies. We
have 10 examples from Apia and Pago Pago.
Life colors of an example from Pago Pago, livid pale-pinkish brown with black spots.

UROPTERYGIUS Riippell.

227. Uropterygius marmoratus (Lacépéde). New Britain; Hawaii; Samoa; Oualan; Nukahiva
(Seale).

This large eel, known by its finely mottled coloration and the paler color of its vertical fins, is
occasionally taken in Samoa, whence we obtained about 10 examples. It is also sometimes taken in
Hawaii.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, dark brown, all freckled with white above and below, the
white tending to form reticulations around brown confluent spots. i
228. Uropterygius macrocephalus (Bleeker). Pusi, Sulalulu. Samoa; East Indies.

Of this species we have about a dozen specimens from Apia, the longest about 8 inches in length.
The body in all is mottled, the caudal pale. These may be the young of Uropterygius marmorata, as
Ginther suggests, but it is not hikely. We find no tube on the posterior nostrils, and so place it in a
different species. It is possible that this species is not distinct from Uropterygius micropterus Bleeker,
which differs in the shorter head.

Life colors in a specimen from Apia, livid bluish white, with fine brown reticulations.

229. Uropterygius concolor Ruppell. Samoa; Nukahiva (Seale); Red Sea.
Gymnomurena fusca Peters, Berl, Mon. 1866, 524, Amboina.

In this species the color is uniform purplish red without spots, the fins scarcely paler. It
agrees fairly with the accounts of U. concolor, and still better with that of G. fusca.
230. Uropterygius leucurus Snyder. Lanai, Hawaiian Is.

231. Uropterygius xanthopterus (Bleeker). Nukahiva (Seale); East Indies.

Family NOTACANTHID.

NOTACANTHUS Bloch. ((Gigliolia Goode & Bean.)

232. Notacanthus moseleyi (Goode & Bean). South Pacific.

Family BELONIDA.
BELONE Cuvier.

233. Belone platyura Bennett. Jse. Hawaii; Samoa.

Of this species, rather common about Hawaii, one specimen was taken at Apia. It is readily
recognized by the presence of gillrakers and by the large caudal keel. Anal 20; dorsal 15; tail
very much depressed, flat-keeled; axil dusky.

Life colors, deep green, with blue luster above, abruptly white on sides; luster everywhere clear
blue; fins pale; tip of dorsal and upper caudal lobe dusky; anal and ventral somewhat dusky.

TYLOSURUS Cocco.

234. Tylosurus leiuroides (Bleeker). A’u. Samoa; New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

Four specimens of this species were taken at Apia. Life colors of one of these, gray, side silvery
with silvery blue lateral line; jaws bluish edged; luster bluish, no green; fins translucent bluish;
dorsal a little purplish on lobe, not black; last dorsal rays low; head deeply sculptured.

bo
oO
—I

THE FISHES OF SAMOA.
235. Tylosurus coromandelicus (Van Hasselt). New Britain; East Indies.
(Belone melanotus Bleeker.)
236. Tylosurus urvillei (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Vanicolo.
237. Tylosurus cancila (Hamilton-Buchanan). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

238. Tylosurus giganteus (Schlegel). A’w. Samoa; Hawaii; Leyuka;.Oualan; Kandavyu; Fiji;
New Guinea (Macleay); Tubuai Is. (Seale); East Indies; Japan.

This huge species is rather common about Samoa, as also at Hawaii and throughout the tropical
Pacific. We obtained three moderate-sized and a few very large specimens from Samoa. One speci-
men leaped from the water to seize a charge of dynamite in the air.

ATHLENNES Jordan & Fordice.

239. Athlennes hians (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii; West Indies; Acapulco.

Family EXOCETIDE.

HEMIRAMPHUS Cuvier.

~-240. Hemiramphus pacificus Steindachner. Hawaii; Samoa.

Of this species about 20 specimens were taken with the seine near the mouth of the harbor of
Pago Pago. The fish is not rare about Hawaii.

Life colors, light olive, silvery below; a clear blue line bounding silvery stripe above; all dark
parts of body with bright blue luster; base of anal with blue stripe; tip of lower jaw deep orange.

~-241. Hemiramphus depauperatus Lay & Bennett. Hawaii; Marcus I.
242. Hemiramphus affinis Giinther. Jse lai. Samoa; New Hebrides (Seale).

This species is the common ise or halfbeak, found everywhere in shallow water along the shore at
Samoa. It is distinguished from related species by the insertion of the yentrals nearer base of caudal
than gill-opening. We have about 50 specimens. None of our specimens have the head quite as long
as indicated in Giinther’s description. The head with lower jaw is 2.75 to 3 in length to base of caudal.

Life colors of aspecimen from Pago Pago, dorsal with blackish-edged blotch; adusky spotin pectoral
axil; lateral line and a lateral streak bright clear green; membranes of lower jaw dusky, with some
red. A specimen from Apia had the lower jaw very red below; two blue streaks on each side of body.

243. Hemiramphus laticeps Giinther. Fiji.

244. Hemiramphus limbatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Guam; East Indies.

245. Hemiramphus argenteus Bennett. Open sea, near equator.

246. Hemiramphus eclancheri Cuvier & Valenciennes. Marquesas (Cuvier & Valenciennes, Seale).
247. Hemiramphus quoyi Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

248. Hemiramphus gaimardi Cuvier & Valenciennes. Papua; East Indies.

249. Hemiramphus commersoni Cuvier. Fiji (Giinther); New Guinea; Shortland I. (Seale);
East Indies.

250. Hemiramphus australiensis Seale. Tubuai (Seale).
251. Hemiramphus cantori Bleeker. New Guinea (Macleay); Fast Indies.

252. Hemiramphus acutus Giinther. Rarotonga.
Hemiramphus acutus Giinther, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1841, 671, Rarotonga (Cook Is.).

258. Hemiramphus melanurus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Solomon Is. (Seale); Hast Indies.

208 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

EULEPTORHAMPHUS Gill.

254. Euleptorhamphus longirostris (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii; open Pacific; warm
seas generally.
ZENARCHOPTERUS Gill.

255. Zenarchopterus dispar (Cuvier & Valenciennes), New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
256. Zenarchopterus maculosus Garman. Fiji.

257. Zenarchopterus vaisiganis Jordan & Seale, new species. Taoto.

Head, without lower jaw, 4.30 in length, with lower jaw, 2.30; lower jaw from tip of upper 3.90;
eye 3.60 in head; upper jaw slightly broader than long, about equal to eye; interorbital slightly greater
than eye; dorsal 12; anal 12; modified with a clasping organ, with a fleshy intromittent organ just
anterior to base; scales 2-43-3; snout 3.10.

Body elongate, the depth 1.75 in head, the width 2.75; scales deciduous, the lateral line running
very low on body; depth of caudal peduncle equal to interorbital space; width of preorbital in front of
eye equal to pupil; opercle and preopercle entire; suborbital with more or less adipose membrane;
villiform teeth in jaws, none on yomer, maxillary or tongue; gill-rakers thick, rather blunt, the longest
about 2 in pupil, 12 developed on lower limb; base of dorsal fin 1.30 in head, fully one-half being on
caudal peduncle, fourth and fifth rays are elongate, being about equal to base of fin; longest ray of anal,
which is widened and elongate, forming one of the wings of the claspers, is about equal to length of

Fic.-11.—Zenarchopterus vaisiganis Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

head; fleshly base of anal equal to eye; ventral small, 2.95 in head, its origin far back at beginning
of posterior third of body; pectoral 1.20 in head; intromittent organ very prominent, situated
between tip of ventrals and base of anal, its width 2 in length; caudal rounded, 1.20 in head.

Color in spirits, silvery below, darker above, with wash of greenish blue, a distinct dark-blue line
from opercles to base of caudal; lower jaw deep blue; orbit with rim of blue; anterior of anal with
dusky wash; a black spot on anterior dorsal, the fin more or less washed with dusky; caudal with
dusky wash; other fins with very slight trace of dusky.

Color in life, pale olivaceous; a silvery streak along side; fins dirty-yellowish olive.

Fourteen specimens from Vaisigano River, at Apia. The type is no. 51718, U. S. National Museum,
length 6 inches.

EVOLANTIA Snodgrass & Heller.

258. Evolantia microptera (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii; New Ireland; East Indies; Gala-
pagos Is.

PAREXOCETUS Bleeker.
259. Parexocceetus brachypterus (Solander). Tahiti; Hawaii; Laysan; West Indies.
260. Parexoccetus brevipinnis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). New Ireland.
261. Parexocctus rostratus (Giinther). Hawaii.
EXOCTUS Linneus.

262. Exoccetus volitans Linnzeus. Hawaii; Hast Indies; Atlantic Ocean.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 209

CYPSILURUS Swainson. Malolo.
268. Cypsilurus unicolor (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Vanicolo; sea between Auckland and Samoa:
Tasman Sea.
Exocatus unicolor Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1x, 97, 1846, Vanicolo.
Exonautes unicolor, Jordan, Guide to the Study of Fishes, 1, 213, 1905.
Of this species we have 4 examples taken in the sea south of Samoa, and one from the Tasman
Sea between Sydney and Auckland. All were obtained by Mr. A. P. Lundin, then navigator of the

Fig. 12.—Cypsilurus unicolor (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

steamer Sierra. The species reaches a length of about 18 inches. On the specimen figured 4 parasitic

copepod crustaceans (Penella) were attached, and on each of these were attached parasitic barnacles,

Conchoderma virgatum, looking like a cluster of strange orchids.

264. Cypsilurus gilberti Snyder. Hawaii. ;

265. Cypsilurus speculiger (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Tasman Sea, between Auckland and
Sydney.

Fic. 13.—Cypsilurus speculiger (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

Of this species we have 5 examples taken by Mr. A. P. Lundin, in the Tasman Sea, between Sydney
and Auckland. According to Dr. Liitken, this species occurs in the Atlantic also. The Atlantic
species, called Hxocetus rubescens, roberti, and afinis, and wrongly called Exvocetus volitans, is, however,
probably different, having the band on the pectoral less marked.

210 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES

266. Cypsilurus lamellifer (Kner & Steindachner). Open Pacific.
Exocoetus lamellifer Kner & Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1867, 384, Pacific.
267. Cy silurus atrisignis Jenkins. Hawaii; Kusai, or Strong I., Caroline Group.

Of this species, besides Dr. Jenkins’s type from Hawaii, we have a second, taken at Kusai, or
Strong Island, of the Caroline group, by Mr. A. P. Lundin, then navigator of the missionary vessel
Morning Star.

268. Cypsilurus pecilopterus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). New Britain; Tahiti; Caroline Is.;
Samoa; Hast Indies.

Exocatus spilopterus Gunther, Cat., v1, 202, Caroline Is.

Fie. 14.—Cypsilurus pecilopterus (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

Thisspecies is easily recognized by its plump body and spotted pectorals. Its maximum size is
smaller than that of Cypsilurus simus and C. quindecimradiatus, the length being about 9 inches. Life
colors of one specimen blue aboye, pectoral with large spots, ventrals plain, basally dusky, no red on
pectoral.

One fine example flew on board the steamer Aauaw off the western end of Tutuila, in the night.

eee eee eakes
BE BSADAS ENG.

Fie. 15.—Cypsilurus quindecimradiatus Fowler.

269. Cypsilurus quindecimradiatus Fowler. Thornton I.; north of Samoa.

Of this well-marked species, distinguished by its long dorsal of 14 or 15 rays, its large size and
the absence of pectoral markings, we have two large examples taken by Mr. A. P. Lundin in the sea
to the southward of Samoa.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. ABE

270. Cypsilurus oligolepis Bleeker. Shortland I. (Seale); East Indies.

271. Cypsilurus simus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii. Very abundant.

272. Cypsilurus bahiensis (Ranzani). Hawaii, abundant; Atlantic; Panama region.
273. Cypsilurus naresi (Giinther). Fiji; New Hebrides.

274. Cypsilurus solandri (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Tahiti; Seychelles.

275. Cypsilurus longibarba (De Vis). New Britain.
Exocatus longibarba De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1884, 454, New Britain; very young.
276. Cypsilurus katoptron (Bleeker). Seas south of Samoa; Australia; East Indies.
Exocoetus robustus Giinther, Cat., vr, 289, 1866, Australia. ,
A specimen of this species agreeing well with Bleeker’s figure was taken by Mr. Lundin, then
mate of the steamship Sierra, in the open sea south of Samoa. The species has black, white-banded
pectorals, much as in Cypsilurus speculiger, but the dorsal rays are more numerous (14).

Fic. 16.—Cypsilurus katoptron (Bleeker).

277. Cypsilurus arcticeps (Giinther). New Guinea (Macleay); China.

Family AULOSTOMID.

AULOSTOMUS Cuvier.

278. Aulostomus valentini (Bleeker). Taotito. Hawaii; Samoa; Tahita; Paumotu Is.; Johnston
I.; Aneiteum; East Indies; Japan.
This common East Indian species is occasionally taken in Samoa as in Hawaii. We have one

example from Apia.

Family FISTULARIIDA.

FISTULARIA Linnens.
279. Fistularia petimba Lacépéde. Fiji; Guam; Hawaii; Samoa; New Guinea; New. Britain;
Necker I.; Mangareva; New Hebrides; Solomon Is.; Makatea; Rarotonga; Raiatea; Hast
Indies.
This species is common throughout the South Seas. We have a few examples from the shores at
Samoa.

280. Fistularia serrata Cuvier. Hawaii; New Guinea; East Indies; Japan.

Pe) BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Family MACRORHAMPHOSID.
MACRORHAMPHOSUS Lacépede.

A
281. Macrorhamphosus brevispinis (Kner & Steindachner). Samoa.
This species, recorded from Samoa, was not seen by us.

282. Macrorhamphosus finschi (Hilgendorf), New Britain.
Centriscus finschi Hilgendorf, Nat. Freunde, 1884, 52, New Britain.

2883. Macrorhamphosus hawaiiensis Gilbert. Hawaii.

Family CENTRISCID.
CENTRISCUS Linneus.

284. Centriscus komis (Macleay). Palau Is. ‘
Amphisile komis Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 111, 1878, 166, Komis (Palau Is.).

ZOLISCUS Jordan & Starks.
285. ABoliscus strigatus (Giinther). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
Family SOLENOSTOMID.
SOLENOSTOMUS Lacépéede.
286. Solenostomus cyanopterus Bleeker. Hawaii; New Guinea; East Indies.
Family SYNGNATHIDA.
CORYTHROICHTHYS Kaup.

287. Corythroichthys waitei Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Rings 17-+35; dorsal 29 or 30, situated on the first 6 caudal rings; snout slender, as viewed from
above its edges parallel to the eyes, where the head is abruptly much widened; length of snout 1.2 in

Fic. 17.—Corythroichthys waitei Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

head; eyes large, produced above profile, 4.5 in head; a sharp semiconnected ridge extending from
behind eyes to just behind pectoral-base, three lobed, the first lobe on occiput, the other two on body
plates; a sharp ridge extending back from supraorbital crest across parietal region; top of snout with
a thin, low ridge; superior thoracic ridge not continuous with superior caudal ridge, but the former
extending above the beginning of the latter for 3 or 4 rings; trunk contained 1.5 in caudal portion of
the body; color very light, made slightly dusky by a network of fine lines along the sides, these inter-
rupted by diffused light cross-bars on every fifth ring, just anterior to which the network of dark lines
is more conspicuous and extends across the back; dark lines irregularly connected with each other,
extending more or less horizontally back from the eye. In life snout rose-red, head with black stripe;
general color pale yellowish; caudal bright rose-red, its upper and lower margins pale.

The type is no. 51723, U. 8. National Museum, 34 inches in length. This species is named for Mr.
Edgar R. Waite, the accomplished curator of the Australian Museum, now of the Canterbury Museum
of Christchurch, New Zealand.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 213

288. Corythroichthys sealei Jordan & Starks, new species. Samoa.

Head 7.50; snout equal to distance from middle of eye to posterior margin of opercle, the snout
narrow, being scarcely one-half of eye; forehead rather abrupt; rings 16 -+ 32; dorsal 32 high, the
rays being equal to or greater than depth of fish, the base of the fin not elevated; no crest on head or
snout; only a trace of a single raised line across opercle; rings of body with six faces, those of the tail
with four; distance in front of anal fin 1.75 in posterior part of body; depth 2.75 in head, slightly
greater than the width; the egg sac in the male occupies the ventral portion of the sixteenth to
twenty-eighth ring; length of dorsal slightly less than width of eye; caudal pin-shaped, 3 in head,
anal minute, directly below third ray of dorsal.

Fic. 18.—Corythroichthys sealei Jordan & Starks, new species. Type.

Color in life light gray spotted with reddish brown and lighter gray; snout and caudal whitish;
head barred below. Color in spirits whitish, each ring with a branched greenish spangle on side and
top, under surface white; two distinct greenish lines along side of head across opercle to base of
pectoral, the lower one of these lines extending slightly out on the snout; top of head marked into a
number (10) of irregular squares by narrow dark lines; four rings of minute dots around snout; a dark
elongate black area on throat, more or less separated from a black ventral spot on first body ring; three
rows of small round dots on side of body below the branched greenish spots; dorsa! fin with scat-
tered dots.

Three specimens from Apia, the type no. 51722, U. 8. National Museum, 3.25 inches long.

289. Corythroichthys mataafe Jordan & Seale, new species. :

Head 11.75; snout 3 in head, narrow, width about 2 ineye; eye 3.75 in head; interorbital very nar-
row, less than one-half width of eye; rings 15-++34, the minute anal fin being on the 15th ring, in the male
the egg sac occupying the ventral surface of rings 15 to 26; body seven-sided, the tail but four; dorsal

Fes Sect eas SS I

eon

Fic. 19.—Corythroichthys mataafe Jordan & Seale, new species, Type.

£1, its base not elevated; opercle without a bony ridge extending across it but with numerous radiating
rows of pits, the widest point of opercle with a short dermal flap; medial line of snout with a distinct
crest with six teeth, the height of crest being slightly less than width of pupil on anterior hali of
snout, the crest not toothed; no interorbital crest, a short, fringed, dermal tentacle over each eye, its
length less than width of interorbital; a single fringed tentacle on middle of nuchal region; a pair of
short tentacles just below and a little posterior to eye, another pair below middle of snout; a rim-like
projection over upper margin of opercle; snout rather pug-like in shape; pectoral less in length than
width of opercle; caudal short, about equal to eye; anal minute.

Color whitish, each ring on each of its faces with an oval, brown-rimmed spot of silvery; under
surface of tail whitish; snout with 2 rings of dusky; about 5 dusky cross lines under throat; about 4
radiating dusky lines in eye and over head.

214 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

One specimen, the type, no. 51724, U. 8. National Museum, 4.20 inches long, from the coral reefs
off Mulinu’u, the residence of Mataafa, chief of Upolu, a distinguished and able statesman, once king
of Samoa.

290. Corythroichthys trachypoma (Giinther). Thursday I.; Prince of Wales I.
Syngnathus trachypoma Ginther, Zool. Alert, 1884, 30.

TRACHYRHAMPHUS Kaup.

291. Trachyrhamphus sp. Marquesas Is.

A specimen badly mutilated and therefore not in fit condition for description, was taken by
Mr. Seale at Nukahiva in the Marquesas Islands. It represents probably an undescribed species.

MICROPHIS Kaup.

292. Microphis brachyurus (Bleeker). Tuotao. Tahiti; Samoa; Aneiteum; East Indies.

About a dozen examples were taken in the Vaisigano River and in other streams about Apia.
All the species of this genus in Samoa are confined strictly to fresh waters.

= Fie. 20.—Microphis brachyurus (Bleeker).

Life colors of one specimen from Apia, light olive, darker on back; a bright red stripe along
side from below pectoral backward to middle of trunk; head darker olive, barred with paler olive;
caudal dusky olive. Another specimen was dark, speckled with whitish, a vertical orange dash
behind opercle the only bright color, and seen in males only.

293. Microphis pleurotznia (Giinther). Hawaii.
294. Microphis sculptus (Giinther). Fiii.

a cee ST NS

Fie. 21.—Microphis caudatus Peters.

295. Microphis caudatus Peters. Samar; Java.

Microphis caudatus Peters, Berl. Mon. 1868, 276, Samar (in fresh water), Java.
Doryichthys caudatus Giinther, Cat., VIII, 182, Jaya.

Six specimens of this species were taken in the Gasegase River at Vaimosa, near Apia.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 215

296. Microphis torrentius Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 9.30 to base of caudal, 4.10 in distance anterior to anal; snout 2.20 in head; width of snout 2
in its length; eye about equal to width of snout; interorbital narrow, 2 in eye; dorsal 32; anal 3; rings
16+ 33, no spines; the rings of posterior half square; abdominal rings wider, containing the egg sac

Fic. 22.—Microphis torrentius Jordan & Seale, new species. Type,

single unbranched stay across.opercle; a low medium ridge on snout and 2 in interorbital; slope of
forehead not abrupt; length of pectoral equal to opercle; caudal equal to snout; insertion of the minute
anal almost a third nearer tip of snout than tip of caudal; anterior base of dorsal directly over anal.

Color in spirits, greenish with a slightly darker band on each ring; a distinct black line along side
of snout through eye, across opercle to base of pectoral; anal with four narrow cross-bands of white.

Three specimens, taken high up in the Vaivase River, near Vailele, to the eastward of Apia, in a
swift brook running through pasture land. The type is no. 51725, U. S. National Museum, from
near Apia, length 3.25 inches.

GASTEROTOKEUS Heckel.

297. Gasterotokeus biaculeatus (Bloch). Samoa; Papua; Kast Indies.

Five specimens were taken at Apia and Pago Pago. They were caught in the seine on shallow
shores inside the reefs.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, clear olive brown, finely mottled above; six round jet
black spots like ink-dots on lower part of side of body; lower side of head sulphur-yellow, mottled
with brown; faint brown bars at tip of tail, which is red; belly yellowish brown, with brown cross-
streaks. A

ICHTHYOCAMPUS Kaup.
298. Ichthyocampus erythreus (Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

299. Ichthyocampus papuensis Sauvage. New Guinea (Sauvage, Pull. Sci. and Philom. 1880,
228). ;
HIPPOCAMPUS Rafinesque.
300. Hippocampus fisheri, Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.
301. Hippocampus hilonis Jordan & Evermann. Hilo, Hawaii.

302. Hippocampus kuda Bleeker. New Guinea (Macleay, as H. guttulatus); East Indies.

Family PEGASID.
PEGASUS “ Linneus, 1758 (volilans).

Cataphractus Gronow, 1763 (draco=volitans).
Burypegasus Bleeker, 1864 (draco=volitans).
Zalises Jordan & Snyder (wmitengu, near draco).

303. Pegasus volitans Linneus. New Britain (Peter-, Berl. Mon. 1876, 843); East Indies.
304. Pegasus papilio Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
PARAPEGASUS Dumeril.

305. Parapegasus natans (Linneus). New Guinea; Australia; China.

a The genus Pegasus was based, by Linnzeus in 1758, on a single species, Pegasus volitans, In 1763 the name Cataphractus
of Gronow was based on the same species, which in 1766 Linneeus renamed Pegasus draconis. The same genus was called
Eurypegasus by Bleeker in 1864 and Zalises by Jordan & Snyder in 1902,

216 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Family ATHERINIDA.

ATHERINA Linneus.

mm

306. Atherina lacunosa Forster. New Caledonia; New Hebrides; Fiji (Gtinther); Solomon I
and New Hebrides (Seale); East Indies.
(Atherina pinguis Lacépéde.)
307. Atherina forskali Riippell. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
308. Atherina endrachtensis Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Guinea; Australia.

309. Atherina waigiensis Quoy & Gaimard. Waigiu.

Atherina cylindrica Cuvier & Valenciennes.
310. Atherina uisila Jordan and Seale, new species. Uisila.

Head 4.35 in length; depth 7; greatest width 7.40; eye 2.75 in head; snout 4; interorbital equal to
eye; dorsal v1, 10; anal 1, 12; scales 2-42-3; maxillary extending to below anterior margin of eye.

Body somewhat conical; head as wide as deep; interorbital space flat with two narrow grooves.
gillrakers equal in length to pupil, about 25 on lower limb; a single row of minute teeth in jaws,
patches of minute teeth on yomer and palatines; origin of dorsal nearer tip of snout than base of
caudal, its longest spine equal to eye; origin of soft dorsal slightly posterior to origin of anal; base

Fic. 23.—Atherina wisila Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

of soft dorsal 2.50 in head; base of anal 1.75 in head; the longest rays of soft dorsal and anal equal to
eye; pectoral 1.50 in head; ventral 2; caudal 1.20, deeply emarginate; 18 rows of scales in front of
spinous dorsal; pectoral reaching sixth scale of lateral line; origin of spinous dorsal over the sixteenth
scale of lateral line; opercle and preopercle entire.

Color in life, olive; a lateral band with a brighter streak above; lower jaw blue; a black band
across pectoral, fins otherwise plain. Color in spirits, below the lateral stripe white with slight wash
of pale green; margin of scales with or without fine black dots; a wide stripe of bright silver from
opercle to base of caudal, at its widest point this stripe equal in width to the pupil; scales of lateral
line in some specimens with darker centers, which give the appearance of a slightly darker line in the
upper third of the silvery line; above the stripe the scales have darker margins and are punctulate
with minute blue dots, the ground color being pale green; pectoral with a slight wash of dusky, other
fins white; opercle silvery.

This species is near Atherina lacunosa, but seems to be different.

Forty specimens from Apia. The type is no. 51726, U. 8. National Museum, length 3.75 inches.

311. Atherinainsularum Jordan & Evyermann. Hawaii.

Family MELANOTANIIDA.
RHOMBATRACTUS Gill.” (Avistews Castelnau; preoccupied. )

312. Rhombatractus noveguines (Ramsay «& Ogilby). Strickland River, New Guinea.
Nematocentris nove-guinee Ramsay & Ogilby, Proe. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales 1886, 18, Strickland River.

313. Rhombatractus rubrostriatus (Ramsay & Ogilby). Strickland River, New Guinea.

314. Rhombatractus goldiei (Macleay).
Aristeus goldiei Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1888, 269, Goldie River (New Guinca).

aSee Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1896, 124.

ns

bo
He
of

THE FISHES OF SAMOA.

Family MUGILIDA.

MUGIL Linneus.

315. Mugil cephalus Linnzeus. Hawaii; Raiatea; Tahiti; New Guinea (Macleay); Nukahiva and
Solomon Is. (Seale); Mediterranean; Atlantic coasts of United States; Panama; southern
California; Japan; Red Sea.

(Mugil eur Forskal; Mugil cephalotus Cuvier & Valenciennes.)

316. Mugil caldwelli Fowler. Samoa.

Mugil caldwelli Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1900, 524, Samoa.

This species, not recognized by us in Samoa, is probably based on the young of some other species,
perhaps the common mullet of Oceania, which we have been unable to separate from the European
Mugil cephalus or the Asiatic Mugil wur.

317. Mugil broussoneti Cuvier & Valenciennes. Cook Is.

318. Mugil tonge Giinther. Tonga.

819. Mugil planiceps Cuvier & Valenciennes. Guam; East Indies.

320. Mugil kelaarti Gunther. Tahiti; Raiatea (Seale); East Indies.

321. Mugil kandavensis Giinther. Kandavu; Fiji.

322. Mugil perusi Cuvier & Valenciennes. Vanicolo.

323. Mugil argenteus Quoy & Gaimard. Samoa (Gunther); Australia.
This species, recorded from Samoa, was not seen by us.

324. Mugil sundanensis Bleeker. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

LIZA Jordan & Swain.
325. Liza melinoptera (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Afa; Mue’afa. Vanicolo; Tonga; Samoa.

This mullet, known by the honey-colored (jéAzs) caudal fin and by the black pectoral, is very
abundant about Samoa, and reaches a large size. About 20 specimens were taken. The name melin-
optera (not melanoptera) refers to the yellow vertical fins, not to the black pectoral.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia 15 inches long: Very pale olive, silvery below; faint narrow
lines along series of scales; lips pale; first dorsal pale gray, the spines dark; soft dorsal dusky, yellowish
at tip; caudai pale soiled yellow; anal blackish, yellowish at tip, the last rays colorless; ventral pure
whitish; pectoral mostly deep sooty black, the lower rays grayish.

Another specimen from Apia, young, with scales 26-10, anal 11, 9, had first dorsal, second dorsal,
and most of pectoral jet black; ventral blackish at base, edge yellowish; caudal and anal blackish
washed with deep yellow, edge blackish; iris dark brown. Life colors of young specimens (scales 26)
from Pago Pago, back with two or three yellowish cross blotches; pectoral black; caudal bright yellow,
even in very young examples; anal yellow; ventral tipped with pale yellow.

326. Liza ceruleomaculata Lacépéde. Anae; ’Ana’analagi. Guam; New Guinea; Samoa; East
Indies.
Mugil ceruleomaculatus Lacépéede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v , 1803, Mauritius.
Mugil axillaris Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Po XI, 131, 1836, Mauritius, New Guinea. Giinther, Cat.,
1, 444. Seale, Bishop Mus. 1901, 66, Guam. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 216, taf. cxx, fig. B, Samoa, Red Sea,
Seychelles. Agonostomus dorsalis Streets, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., vu, 102, 1877, Samoa; very young.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, silvery, darker above; no stripes; fins pale; caudal dark at
tip; a dark axillary spot; pe toral dull yellowish; iris silvery brownish. Scales 39; anal 111, 9.

This isa large mullet, recognizable by the blue spot at the base of the pectoral. It is common
about Samoa, where about 25 specimens were preserved.

327. Liza troscheli (Bleeker). Ava. Samoa; New Guinea; East Indies.
Mugil troschelii Bleeker, Nat. Tijd., xvi, 277, Java. Gtinther, Cat., 111, 448, Ceylon, Borneo,
Mugil borneensis Bleeker, Nat. Tijd., 11, 1851, 201, East Indies. Kner, Novara Fische, 228, Tahiti. Giinther, Cat.,
uu, 448, Giinther, Fische der Sudsee, Tahiti.
Mugil compressus, Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 217, taf. CXxItI, fig. A, Samoa; not type.
B. B. F.1905—15

218 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, olivaceous, dull and pale, very faint streaks along the
rows of scales; anal dusky; caudal dull, colorless, with a dark streak along its whole margin above,
below and behind. Anal im, 9; scales 32; maxillary uncovered; eye 3.5 to 4 in head, hence smaller
than in the descriptions of L. troscheli.

One specimen from Apia had a slight brassy luster in life, and faint olive lateral stripes. Another
was brownish above, the sides silvery, with the barest trace of striations; fins all plain, the caudal
dusky at tip. :

This species is very common about Samoa, entering the river mouths and brackish waters.
About 30 specimens were taken.

328. Liza compressa (Giinther). Normanby Il., New Guinea (Macleay).

829. Liza neocaledonica (Castelnau). New Caledonia.

Mugil neocaledonicus Castelnau, 1878, 116, New Caledonia.

330. Liza waigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard). Waigiu; New Guinea; Bougainville Is. (Peters); Tahiti;
Guam; Mangareva; New Hebrides; Solomon Is.; Raiatea and Rarotonga (Seale); East Indies.
331. Liza papillosa (Macleay). Normanby I.
Mugil papillosus Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1883, 270.

MYXUS Ginther.
332. Myxus leuciscus Giinther. Rarotonga, Cook Is.; Makatea (Seale).
CHENOMUGIL Gill.

333. Chenomugil chaptali (Eydoux & Souleyet). Hawaii; Kingsmill; Laysan.

(Myxus pacificus Steindachner. )
334. Chenomugil nauticus Bryan & Herre. Marcus I.

Chenomugil nauticus Bryan & Herre, Bishop Museum 1903, 127, Marcus I.

QUERIMANA Jordan & Swain.

335. Querimana crenilabis (Forster). Tahiti; Tanna; Paumotu; Kingsmill; Ponape; New Ireland;
Christmas I.; Red Sea. :
ZESCHRICHTHYS Macleay.

3836. ZEschrichthys goldiei Macleay. Goldie River, New Guinea.
Eschrichthys goldiei Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W, 1883, 5, Goldie River.

AGONOSTOMUS Bennett.

337. Agonostomus plicatilis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Rivers of New Hebrides; New Caledonia.

338. Agonostomus loaloa (Macdonald). Fiji.
Gonotomyxus loaloa Macdonald, Proc. Zool. Soc. N. S. W. 1869, 38, with plate, rivers of Viti Levu (Fiji).

Family SPHYRENID.
SPHYRANA Linneus.

339. Sphyrena obtusata Cuvier & Valenciennes. Sapatu. Samoa; Fiji; Guam; New Guinea
(Macleay); Faté in the New Hebrides (Seale); East Indies.

One specimen of this species was taken at Apia. It is apparently the species figured by Ginther
in the Fische der Sudsee.

Life colors, olive green, below white with bright reflections; sides with two lateral stripes of dark
olive, the lower continuous, the upper along lateral line of rounded, confluent blotches; caudal
rather bright olive yellow, dusky edged; lower fins white; upper pale olive; snout green. Scales very
large, 76.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 219

340. Sphyreena forsteri Cuvier & Valenciennes. Samoa; Tahiti; Vavau; New Guinea.

Of this species, we have one specimen from Apia. It agrees fairly with Dr. Gunther’s figure in
the Fische der Siidsee. The Sphyrana forsteri of Steindachner from Mexico is a very distinct species,
Sphyrena ensis Jordan & Gilbert.

Life colors of the specimen from Apia: Oblique blotch on opercle and base of pectoral; black blotch
on dorsal and anal; caudal largely blackish; ventral and pectoral pale; obscure dark, short bars along
sides. Scales 94; pectoral not reaching quite to dorsal; ventral farther.

341. Sphyrena helleri Jenkins. Hawaii.

This is the offshore small-scaled species, known in Hawaii as kawalea.

342. Sphyrzena snodgrassi Jenkins. Hawaii.
This is the large-scaled species, known as kaku in Honolulu.

343. Sphyrena grandisquamis Steindachner. Pacific Ocean, exact locality unknown.
Sphyrxna grandisquamis Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1866, 446.

344. Sphyrena megalolepis Peters. New Ireland.
Sphyrena megalolepis Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 842, New Ireland.

345. Sphyreena kenie Klunzinger. Bougainville Is.; Red Sea.

Sphyrena kenie Klunzinger, Synopsis, 1, 828, 1870, Red Sea. Klunzinger, Roth. Meer, 129. Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876.
842, Bougainville Is.

Family POLYNEMIDA.
POLYDACTYLUS Rafinesque.
846. Polydactylus plebeius (Broussonet). Umiuwmia. Tahiti; Samoa; Solomon Is.; New Britain;

Tahiti and Nukahiva (Seale); East Indies.
Polynemus plebeius Broussonet, Ich. Decas., fig. 309, 1788, Tahiti.
Polynemus lineatus Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, pl. 13, fig. 2, 1803, Ie de France. Giinther, Cat., 11, 227, Samoa,
Solomon Is., Amboyna.
Polynemus plebeius Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 835, New Britain.
Polynemus plebeius Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, 103, pl. LXXvVI, fig. 4, Amboina; not of Giinther, Cat., 11, 329.
Polynemus teniatus Giinther, Cat., Il, 526, 1860, Amboina and Guadalcanar, Solomon Is.

This is evidently the original Polynemus plebeius of Broussonet, which has been much confused by
subsequent authors. It was well described by Giinther under the name of Polynemus lineatus, and
earlier Cescribed by Lacépéde under the sane name. It is common at Apia, where 6specimens were
taken with the hook in the ship channel, and is yaluedas a food fish. Scales 55; 5 pectoral filaments.

The adults are very sharply striped, the dark lines along the row$ of scales being conspicuous.
Young examples do not show these lines clearly, and these accord better with the figure given by
Broussonet. An adult example from Apia in life was white with streaks of olive brown. A-.young
example from Pago Pago in life was entirely silvery, the fins pale with dark dots, pectoral a little
more yellowish, no dark spot on base of lateral line.

347. Polydactylus sexfilis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii; Johnston I.; East Indies.
Family BERYCIDA.
MELAMPHAES Ginther.
348. Melamphaes unicornis Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
CAULOLEPIS Gill.
349. Caulolepis longidens Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
Family POLYMIXIIDA.
POLYMIXIA Lowe.

350. Polymixia berndti Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

220 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Family HOLOCENTRIDA.
MYRIPRISTIS Cuvier. Malau.

351. Myripristis murdjan(Forskal). Manifinifi. Hawaii; Samoa; Harvey Is.: Tahiti; Fiji, Paumotu
Is.; Guam; Laysan; New Hebrides, Raiatea, and Rarotonga (Seale); East Indies.

This species is common throughout the South Seas. It is the most abundant of the genus about
Hawaii, and is fairly plentiful at Samoa. It is distinguished by its large scales (30), by the presence
of white edges on the soft vertical fins and the absence of black tips on dorsal and anal. There is
always a dark bar across the gill-opening.

352. Myripristis intermedius (Gunther). Malau. Samoa; Kingsmill; Harvey Is.; Tahiti; Gala-
pagos Is. c
Myripristis murdjan, var. intermedia Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 92, Samoa, Harvey, Kingsmill, Tahiti.

This form is common at Samoa, where about 20 examples were taken. It differs from MW. murdjan
chiefly or entirely in the presence of a black blotch on the tip of the soft dorsal and anal. Dr. Giinther
regards it as a mere color variation of MW. murdjan. We should take a similar view were it not for the
fact noted by Dr. Klunzinger, that in the Red Sea, and in Hawaii, where M. murdjan is abundant, no
specimens of this type have been taken. :

A specimen from the Galapagos Islands, collected by Snodgrass and Heller and recorded as
M. murdjan, has black tips to the dorsal and anal, and would be referable to M. intermedius.

Color deep red, dusky on dorsal and anal, fins all bright red, pale-edged in front.

353. Myripristis adustus Bleeker. Malau vo. Samoa; Tahiti; Paumctu Is.; Harvey Is.; Kings-
mill; New Guinea; Marcus I.; Shortland I. (Seale); East Indies.
Myripristis adustus Bleeker, Amboina, 11, 18, East Indies. Giinther, Cat., 1, 22, Amboina. Giinther, Fische der
Siidsee, 92, taf. 62, Tahiti, as variety of IZ. murdjan, Samoa, Paumotu, Harvey I., Kingsmill I. Bryan &
Herre, Bishop Museum, vol. 11, no. 1, 128, Marcus I.
Myripristis botche, Day, Fishes of India, 169; not of Cuvier & Valenciennes.

This well-marked and handsome species is rather common about Samoa, where about 12 speci-
mens were taken. It may be at once known from M. murdjan by the steel blue (not red) color, and
especially by the broad black edging of both dorsals, and of the caudal and anal fins. In M. inter-
medius there is no black on the spinous dorsal or caudal.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, gray tinged with reddish; edge of scales brown; a dark-
brown blotch across opercle and axil; dorsal, anal and caudal pale pinkish gray at base, the edge
broadly black, washed antetorly with blood-red; spinous dorsal also mostly black; pectoral pale
pinkish; ventral whitish.

354. Myripristis microphthalmus Bleeker. Malau tea; Malau mataputa. Samoa; New Guinea
(Macleay); Faté, New Hebrides (Seale); East Indies.

This species is very abundant at Samoa, where about 40 specimens were taken. It has the silvery
luster and dark scale-edgings of Myripristis adustus without the deep red shades of M. murdjan. Life
colors were noted in various specimens as follows:

(1) Specimen from Apia. Silvery red brown, lighter than in Mf. murdjan, each scale silvery with
dark edges; opercular spot blood red, not black; same color on base of pectoral; fins paler; dorsal and
anal with silvery base; dorsal, anal, caudal, and ventral with pale edge; spinous dorsal orange red, its
base pale grayish, blotched with orange.

(2) Specimen from Pago Pago, very deep, scalcs 30, maxillary entire. Brownish, sides pinkish
silvery, not very red; a blackish red cross-band on opercle, shoulder, and axil; first dorsal whitish at
base, scarlet above; second dorsal, anal, and caudal pink, scarlet or orange at tips, and with a dictinct
white edge; pectoral pale; ventral dull orange, whitish-edged.

(3) Specimen called malau mataputa, or swelled-face; very deep; very large-scaled. Purplish black
above, very silvery on side; a blood-red band from nape to axil; preopercle and opercle nearly white;
spinous dorsal pinkish below, scarlet above; soft dorsal and anal pinkish behind, scarlet on lobes, with
white edge; caudal red, orange behind, the edges slightly pale; ventral and pectoral reddish, ventral
white-edged. t

Larger examples more red, with dusky behind pale edges of dorsal and anal; fins all bright red
except white edgings.

(4) Red, dusky on dorsal and anal; fins all bright red, pale-edged in front.

(5) Larger specimen. Dorsal clear deep red. :

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 221

(6) Bright clear red, the scales a little paler on centers; first dorsal bright red, the tips scarlet;
other vertical fins clear red with distinct pale edges and no blackish; no stripes along anterior edge;
ventral deep red with pale edge; pectoral clear red; a blackish opercular axil bar.

355. Myripristis hexagonus (Lacépéde). Samoa; Mauritius.
Lutjanus hexagonus Lacépéede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ty, 213, 1802, Mauritius. ,
Myripristis hexagonus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11,171. Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, 5, pl. 14.
Giinther, Cat., 1 27.

We refer to this species, with some doubt, two specimens, large-scaled, with little black on the
opercle which ends in about five points, the one larger than the others. It isnear Myripristis murdjan,
and still nearer to Myripristis berndti of Hawaii.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, light brick-red, the sides rather silvery, and no dark lines; a
darker red patch on opercle and axil; a silvery crescent on iris behind; fins all red, the spinous dorsal |
paler at base, the others darker on lobes; anal and caudal with very inconspicuous pale edging.

356. Myripristis berndti Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.

357. Myripristis chryseres Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.
358. Myripristis symmetricus Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.
359. Myripristis argyromus Jordan & Eyermann. Hawaii.

360. Myripristis sanguineus Jordan & Seale, new species. Malaw ula; Se asega. Tahiti; Samoa.
Head 3.4 in body; depth 2.50; eye 2.50 in head; dorsal x-t, 14; anal rv, ie scales 4-38-7.
Body elongate, deep and compressed; head blunt, its length less than its depth; snout short, its
length from the upper nostril equal to pupil; premaxillary slightly protractile; maxillary reaching to a

Fic. 24.—Myripristis sanguineus Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

line below the posterior edge of pupil, its distal end broad, 4.50 in head, its lower posterior margin
armed with blunt teeth; lower mandible 1.50 in head; bands of small teeth in jaws, vomer, and
palatines; a patch of enlarged blunt outer teeth on each side of upper and lower jaw; gillrakers
numerous, long and strong; interorbital space 3.85 in head; opercle striate and denticulate, with one
small spine at angle; scales all striate and toothed; a row of modified scales over the nuchal region;
origin of dorsal about even with lower base of ventrals and on line with the third scale of the lateral
line; dorsal spines slender, the first 2.75 in head, the third longest, 2 in head; anterior dorsal and anal
rays somewhat produced, their length 1.50 in head; third anal spine strongest, the fourth longest,
equal to orbit; caudal emarginate; pectoral reaching to eleventh scale of the lateral line.

222 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Color in life deep red, a black opercular spot; fins all red, the dorsal pale red with the margin
deep crimson; outer margin of soft dorsal and the anal also a dark red.

Color in spirits pale yellowish, the fins a brighter yellowish; a dusky blotch at posterior margin
of opercle, and a dusky wash in axil of pectoral.

One specimen, the type (no. 51721, U. 8. National Museum), from Apia. Two other specimens,
from Tahiti, Society Islands, are in the Bishop Museum, Honolulu. This species is distinguished by
the much enlarged front teeth. It is close to Myripristis argyromus and M. symmetricus.

861. Myripristis pralinius Cuvier & Valenciennes. Mamo; Malaw mamo. Port Praslin, New
Treland; Samoa; East Indies.

This species is very abundant at Samoa, where about 50 examples were taken. Our specimens
agree well with the account of Ginther and Sauvage. The small scales, the serrated maxillary, and
the dark bar at the gill-opening are characteristic.

Life colors of a spécimen from Apia crimson red, the centers of the scales not much lighter, the
lower parts rosy; opercular spot deep red, almost black, base of pectoral deep red; fins bright rose,
dorsal, caudal, and ventral all edged with white; shade of fins same as body; first dorsal deep red,
paler at base.

362. Myripristis carneus Ramsay & Ogilby. Admiralty Is.

Myripristis carneus Ramsay & Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1886, 474.
363. Myripristis parvidens Bleeker. New Ireland (Sauvage); East Indies.
364. Myripristis multiradiatus Giinther. Vavau; Tonga; Hawaii; Samoa.

A species identical with the Hawaiian species called by us Myripristis multiradiatus, which is
abundant at Honolulu, is very common at Samoa. It is probably the true multiradiatus, though we
find no specimen with more than 16 dorsal rays. In the type from Vavau Dr. Giinther found 18.
The species is extremely close to M. pralinius.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago light bright red; darker green across opercle, shoulder
and axil; spinous dorsal scarlet, deepest on edges; other fins red like the body; pectoral, dorsal, anal
and caudal with an anterior pale edge; eye very large, maxillary entire.

Fig. 25.—Holotrachys lima (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

HOLOTRACHYS Ginther. (Harpage De Vis.)
365. Holotrachys lima (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Malaw mutu; Mutu. Hawaii; Samoa; Tahiti;
Laysan; Ile de France.

This species is very common at,Samoa, as also about Hawaii. It is of small size and is uniform
brick-red in color.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 223

366. Holotrachys roseus (De Vis). South Seas.
Iarpage rosea De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soe. N.S, W. 1884, 448, South Seas.

This species is unknown to us. It is very close to //. lima, and is probably the same.
OSTICHTHYS Langsdorf.
367. Ostichthys pillwaxi Steindachner. Hawaii.

HOLOCENTRUS (Artedi) Gronow. Malau.

368. Holocentrus spinifer Forskal. Malaw toa. Samoa; Hawaii; Borabora; Waigiu; Papua;
Johnston I.; Thornton I.; Vanicolo; Tonga; Vavau; New Hebrides; Solomon Is.; Raiatea
(Seale); East Indies.
Holocentrus leo Cuyier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 111, 204, 1829, Borabora and New Guinea; not Holocentrum
spiniferum Cuvier & Valenciennes and Sauyage.

This large species is common at Samoa, and ranges from Hawaii, where it is not rare, to the Red
Sea and Madagascar. It is known by its deep body and narrow, conyex profile. It much resembles
FH. caudimaculatus, and the name spenifer is adopted for the latter species by Valenciennes and Sauvage;
but as Forskal speaks of the dark spots behind the eye, which is characteristic of the species called
Holocentrus leo, we agree with Ruppell, Bleeker, Giinther, and Klunzinger in r- ~ding the present
species as the true spinifer, leo being a synonym.

Forskal and Klunzinger state that the dorsal spines of this species are envenomed. Both this
species and H. caudimaculatus are common in the Red Sea.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, deep red, scales with golden edges; no lengthwise stripes or
violet streaks; preopercle and opercle blood-red above; axil blood-red; first dorsal same color,
unmarked; dorsal, anal, and caudal scarlet, the upper and lower part of caudal redder; third and
fourth spines red; ventrals scarlet, the spine pink; pectoral scarlet; cheek pale brassy-red, no white
stripes, except a faint streak below eye along upper edge of cheek, and a paler edge behind opercular
spot. One specimen with a sharp white stripe above opercular spine.

Life colors of another specimen from Apia, deep red, scales with narrow pale edges; deep reddish
black spot on opercle and across to axil; dorsal red, edged with deeper red; fins all red without pale
edging; membrane of third anal spine deep red.

~ 8369. Holocentrus caudimaculatus Ruppell. Tamalaw mumu; Tameno mumu. Samoa; Tahiti
(Seale); Palau Is.; Gilbert Is.; New Guinea; East Indies.

Holocentrum spiniferum Cuyier & Valenciennes, and of Sauvage; TZolocentrum leonoides Bleeker.

This species is abundant about Samoa, and westward to the Red sea. It is near 1. spinifer but the
rofile is broader and not concave, and there are other differences well expressed by Klunzinger and
by Sauvage. The color is deeper than in HZ. spinifer, and the white spot on the back of the tail is rarely
wanting in H. caudimaculatus. In H. spinifer this is not found, but is represented by a trace of paler
color.
. Life colors of a specimen from Apia, all deep red; faint violet streaks on lower parts; a faint line
down and backward from eye; axil deep red; fins all deep red; anal spine and front edge of ventral
only whitish; a large whitish black blotch on the back of the tail behind dorsal.

‘370. Holocentrus violaceus Bleeker. Mualaw tifi; Malaw uli. Samoa; New Guinea (Macleay);
Amboina.

This very strongly marked species is common at Samoa, where about a dozen specimens were
taken. It is deep violet-brown, not red, with a vertical pale streak on each scale, and a white blotch
on the back of each scale. It is not known from Hawaii.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia called malau tifa and malau uli, blackish red, a vertical bar of
violet silvery at base of each scale; head mostly clear dark red; a blackish spot on opercular mem-
brane; a blood-red axillary spot; a darker red spot on upper part of opercle; first dorsal dark red with
a whitish edge and a deep red line below it; second dorsal, anal, and caudal dark red with a darker
anterior edge; a pink spot on back of tail; ventral red, the spine bluish; first spine and first ray of anal
moderately deeper red; pectoral red; mouth small.

Life colors of aspecimen from Pago Pago called malau tifa (pearl shell), violet pearly reflections;
the color very dark, the violet pearly bars on each scale be!ow conspicuous; a bright pink spot on
back of tail.

294 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

371. Holocentrus binotatus Quoy & Gaimard. Samoa; Guam; Papua; Tonga; Solomon Is.

This species is rather common about Samoa, where about 30 specimens were taken. Usually one
or two small dark spots are present on the membranes of the front of the spinous dorsal. There is
little doubt that the original H. binotatum is the species called unipunctatum by Gunther.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, very deep red all over, with faint blue-black streaks, about
7 in number; head almost plain red, with two faint cheek stripes; fins all deep red, the dorsal with a
row of dark spots and dark edges.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, very bright red, with streaks of shining golden; fins all
deep red, unmarked, the vertical fins a little darker on front edge; a slightly darker spot on mem-
branes of first two dorsal spines.

372. Holocentrus erythreus Gitinther. Hawaii; Samoa; New Hebrides; Tahiti; Harvey Is.;
Kingsmill; Tahiti; Paumotu Is.; Johnston I.; Solomon Is.
Of this large and handsome species one small specimen was taken by us at Samoa. The fish is
rather rare in deeper waters about Hawaii.
373. Holocentrus furcatus Giinther. South Seas, probably New Hebrides.

- 374. Holocentrus xantherythrus Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.

375. Holocentrus tiere Lesson. Samoa; Tahita; Thornton I.
Holocentrum tiere (Lesson), Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss.,
I, 221, 1830, Tahiti. Gtinther, Cat., I, 45.
Holocentrum pacilopterum Bleeker, Kokos-Eilanden, 356. Bleeker, Atlas, Cocos Island. Gtinther, Cat., 1, 35.
Holocentrus polynesix Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila, 1904, 229, Thornton I.

Ill, 202, 1829, Tahiti. Lesson, Voy. Coquille,

This species is known when adult and in good condition by the two rows of pale spots on the
dorsal fin. It is rather common at Samoa, where about 12 specimens were taken. 7. polynesix seems
to be based on a specimen in which the dorsal color has faded. Holocentrum tiere must be the same
species. The elongate, faintly striped body, the rather large mouth, the ragged suborbital, the low
weak dorsal spines, the subequal and strong opercular spines, as shown in Lesson’s figure, are all
traits of the species called H. pecilopters.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, deep crimson red; lower half with bright violet streaks;
axil deeper red; dorsal deep red with a row of white spots and tips white; other fins deep red; ventral
with paler edge and darker streak, fourth anal spine in a dark streak; pectoral red; head with deeper
red blotches, but no white. Another specimen from Apia in life was red, rather bright, the sides
silvery; cheek silvery with a red streak; no streaks along scales; dorsal edged with dark red with
white spots; red at base; vertical fins red, the edges scarcely darker; ventral pink, axil red; pectoral
pink.

376. Holocentrus tiereoides Bleeker. Marcus I.; New Hebrides; Solomon Is.; Tahiti (Seale);
Amboina.

This species is known to us from the example taken by Bryan and Herre, which agrees well with
Bleeker’s account. The species is evidently very close to H. tiere, but the scales are much larger
(40 instead of 50).

377. Holocentrus punctatissimus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Malau faiwmu. Tahiti; Sarnoa; Hawaii;
Strong I.; Guam; Marshall Is.; Paumotu Is.; Laysan; Aneiteum; Tabuai; Mangareva;, Raro-
tonga; Faté; Makatea and Shortland I. (Seale). :

Holocentrum punctatissimum Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 111, 215, 1829, Caroline Is.

Holocentrum stercus-muscarum Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., VII, 503, 1831.

Holocentrum diploxiphus Gunther, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, 660. Gunther, Fische der Stidsee, 97, Samoa, Marshall Is.,
Tahiti, Paumotu, Aneiteum.,

Holocentrus gracilispinis Fowler, Proc, Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1904, 228, Honolulu.

Holocentrus gladispinis Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1904, 225, Tahiti.

This species is common about Samoa, where about 50 specimens were taken. It is also abundant
about Honolulu. The form of the body is characteristic, and the silvery color is usually, but not
always, obscured by dark points irregularly scattered, giving the fish a soiled appearance.

H. gracilispinis, based on our own collections from Honolulu, we can not separate from Samoan
specimens. JH. gladispinis is based on an example fron: Tahiti with the preopercular spine a little

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 225

longer. The color of the dorsal is usually characteristic, but the marks often fade in spirits. This
species is not recorded from the East Indies, where the closely related H. lacteoguttatus seems to take
its place

Life colors of a specimen from Apia called inalau faiumu, freckled red, dark across gill-opening;
iris golden; first dorsal deep red on edge, other fins brick red, scarcely edged with paler; ventrals
brick red. A specimen from Pago Pago was pinkish, soiled by dark dots; dorsal deep red on edge,
pale at base; faint dark streaks on rows of scales; a red dash across cheek; fins light red; a dark
streak along anal.

‘378. Holocentrus lacteoguttatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Guinea; East Indies.

Ill, 214, East Indies.
, Papua. Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit.,

Holocentrus lacteo-guttatum Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poi
FHolocentrus argenteum Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, 677, 1
Ii, 214.

This species is not known to us. It has not been recorded to the eastward of New Guinea.
According to Klunzinger, the type of H. argenteus, examined by him belongs to the species, for which
we adopt the name J/acteoguttatus.

~ 379. Holocentrus diadema (Lacépéde). Malau tusitusi; Malaw pdauli; Malau tui. Hawaii; Samoa;
Tonga; Tahiti; Borabora; Laysan; Guam; Marcus I.; New Hebrides (Seale); East Indies.
This small species, always known by its black spinous dorsal and the alternate stripes of
white and red on the body, is yery common at Samoa, and equally so at Hawaii. It is in general
the most abundant species of Holocentrus in the Pacific Ocean.
Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago called malaw pauli, red, with white stripes; dorsal
dusky, a continuous stripe, same as from Honolulu.

‘380. Holocentrus ruber (Forskal). Louisiades; East Indies; China; not certainly known from the
South Seas.

. 881. Holocentrus praslin Lacépéde. Samoa; Ruikiu Is. ho

8S WS

FiG. 26.—Holocentrus praslin Lacépéde.

This species, known by its very dark lateral stripes, which seem black in spirits, is common at
Samoa, but is not known from Hawaii. Life colors were noted as follows in various specimens:

(1) From Apia. Deep red, very bright, paler below; 10 longitudinal streaks, narrow and
sharply defined, the four uppermost light crimson, the rest almost pure white, with brownish edge; a
white stripe downward and backward from eye, a red one and a white one above it; spinous dorsal

226 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

blood red with an interrupted row of whitish spots and a whitish tip; other fins clear red, caudal with
a blood red edge, as also a stripe along fourth anal spine; ventral similarly striped; pectoral pinkish.

2) From Apia. Whitish, olive shaded; 9 stripes of brownish black, unequal in width and depth
of color, separated by white and grayish and pinkish stripes, the stripe on level of eye broad and
white, the two black stripes above it confluent behind as also the two below it; the white stripe from
axil of anal to axil of pectoral also broad; opercle reddish black; lower part of head and breast soiled
gray with blackish stripes; dorsal grayish white with blackish median band; soft dorsal light yellow,
edged before with dark maroon; caudal light clear yellow, edged above and below with maroon black;
anal lighter yellow, with darker anterior stripe and a black maroon blotch at base; a maroon black
bar below soft dorsal made of two coalescent black stripes; ventral yellow, edged with maroon and
white; pectoral reddish, the axil blackish.

(3) From Pago Pago. Very dark blood red, with whitish pink stripes; dorsal white, with median
black stripe; second dorsal yellowish, with red anterior margin and blackish blotch at base; caudal
yellow with maroon stripes; anal yellowish with a black stripe and a spot at base; ventral yellowish,
with white and black stripe.

(4) From Apia. Deep lustrous coppery red, paler below, the dark alternating with pale stripes,
the red very deep and bronze shaded above, growing paler and more diffuse below; about 7 streaks
distinct; head blackish freckled bronze; dorsal dark blood red, mesially pale and pale at tips; soft
dorsal, anal, and caudal golden, with maroon stripe anteriorly narrow on soft dorsal; ventral similar
golden and maroon; breast soiled mottled brown and whitish; pectoral pale reddish brown.

Holocentrus ruber differs from this species chiefly in the plain colors, red striped with deeper red.
Probably Holocentrus praslin is an ‘‘ontogenetic species’’ representing H/. ruber on the coral reefs, and
differing mainly in the much heightened coloration.

382. Holocentrus ensifer Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii; Mangareva (Seale).
383. Holocentrus bowiei Jordan & Snyder. Tahiti.

° 384. Holocentrus microstomus Gunther. Samoa; Guam; Tonga; Hawaii; Kingsmill I.; Paumotu
Is.; Harvey Is.; Tahiti; Tubuai; Raiatea and Rarotonga (Seale).

This species, well distinguished by its silvery body striped with dark, and by the dark area on
the front of its spinous dorsal, is rather common about Samoa, where about 12 examples were taken.
It is not rare about Honolulu. From Holocentrus sammara, which has somewhat the same coloration,
it is known by the deeper body and smaller mouth. This species and the next, intermediate between
Holocentrus and Flammeo, render the latter genus difficult of definition. We therefore place all the
Pacific species in Holocentrus.

385. Holocentrus scythrops Jordan & Eyermann. Hawaii; Laysan; Kast Indies.
(Holocentrum argentewm Bleeker & Steindachner, not of Quoy & Gaimard.)

This species is rather rare about Hawaii. It was not seen at Samoa. It has been once or twice
described as Holocentrum argenteum, but the true argenteum, as Klunzinger has shown, is a different
species (lacteoguttatus ) ; 5

~ 386. Holocentrus levis Giinther. Samoa; Louisiades; Solomon Is.; New Britain; New Guinea;
Amboina.
Holocentrum goldiei Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1883, 352, New Guinea.
Holocentrum leve Giinther, Cat., 1, 47, Louisiades, Guadalcanar, Amboyna. Gtinther, Fische der Stidsee, 101, taf.
65, fig. B.
Holocentrum nove-brittanix De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1884, 447, New Britain; young.
Holocentrus achromopterus Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1904, 236, Samoa.
Holocentrum goldiei Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., Vit, 1883, 352, New Guinea.
This species is rather common about the reefs of Samoa, where about 20 examples were taken. It
resembles H. sammara, but the body is deeper and there is never any black on the spinous dorsal.
Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, the stripes less regular and fewer than in H. sam-
mara, distinctly shown, the pale stripe on lateral line being dull red, dorsal paler, deep red between first
and second spines, the white band much broader and more diffuse; caudal almost plain; darker red on
edge of second dorsal and caudal, much deeper on anal; ventral paler red than in other; ventral and
anal spines red.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 227

~ 387. Holocentrus sammara (Forskal). Malaw peapea. Hawaii; Tahiti; Samoa; Borabora; Pau-
motu Is.; Solomon Is.; Guam; New Guinea; Thornton I.; Marquesas Is. (Seale); East Indies.
Labrus angulosus Lacépede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 111, 430, pl. 22, fig. 1, 1803.
Holocentrum christianum Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 111, 219, 1823, Red Sea.
Holocentrum tahiticum Kner, Novara Fische, 111, 1869, f. 2, pl. 16, Tahiti. Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1864, 482, Tahiti.
Holocentrus fuscostriatus Seale, Bishop Mus., 1901, 69, Guam.
Holocentrus thorntonensis Fowler, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1904, 231, Thornton I. (young).

This handsome fish is very common on the reefs at Samoa, where about 100 examples were taken.
It is rare about Hawaii.

The species varies considerably in the distinctness of the dark maroon lateral stripes, but the black
on the first dorsal is never absent. In the young it takes the form of an ocellus. Such a young
example is the type of Holocentrus thorntonensis. Life colors were noted as follows in various specimens:

(1) Specimen from Apia. Silvery, with golden, red, and greenish reflections; back with four stripes
of dark maroon red, the second and third brightest; head dark red above, mostly silvery, with red
wash below; lips flesh color; opercle dark red above; fins pale red, the spinous dorsal broadly edged
with blood red; caudal with a maroon stripe in each lobe, anal and ventral also; no pale edging.

(2) From Apia. Olive, lustrous purplish above, coppery silvery below; each scale with a large
distinct coppery black spot, these forming about ten stripes; cheek whitish with black spots: head
wine-shaded on lips, snout, and opercle; preopercle white; dorsal maroon, whitish spots at base, tips
white; front of dorsal with large black, red-washed blotch; soft dorsal, anal, and caudal golden yellow,
with a long maroon stripe on anterior rays, covering most of caudal lobes; pectoral coppery reddish;
ventral white.

(3) Young specimen from Apia. Red, with a large black blotch on front of spinous dorsal, a dark
red stripe in each caudal lobe and on front of soft anal; a dark band across opercle.

(4) From Apia. Silvery rose; brownish above with stripes of rosy maroon, all but one indistinct,
the bright one following course of lateral line; opercle dark maroon; dark band across base of pectoral;
front of dorsal with very large blotch of maroon black, fin otherwise flesh-color, tips whitish; soft
dorsal yellow, transparent behind, with maroon stripe in front; anal whitish with maroon stripe;
pectoral and ventral nearly white; caudal pale orange, the lobes rosy maroon.

* 388. Holocentrus opercularis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Tahiti; New Ireland; Samoa; Palau Is.;
Paumotu Is.; Guam.

This strongly marked species is well figured by Dr. Ginther. Two specimens were taken at Samoa.

Life colors of one from Pago Pago, light red, each scale with a darker center and a silvery edge;

dark streaks along rows of scales; head red; opercle blood red; iris very red; first dorsal jet black,

with a row of white spots at base and tip; second dorsal, anal, and caudal red, with a darker bar in

front and a shade of orange behind; pectoral and yentral pink; pectoral red at base; a red shade down
and back from eye. Mouth large; chin prominent; anal spine long; body slender.

Family LAMPRIDE.

LAMPRIS Retzius.

389. Lampris regia (Bonnaterre). Hawaii; all warm seas.

The name Zeus regius of Bonnaterre and that of Zeus guttatus of Briinnich, both 1788, antedate
Zeus luna of Gmelin (1789). We do not know which of these first has actual priority, but regius is a
name preferable to the commonplace and overworked specific name guttatus. It is true, however, that
the name guttatus has been more generally used than that of regius, and the account given by Briinnich
is the best found in any early author. Following the arbitrary rule which we have adopted, the name
regius on page 72 in Bonnaterre’s work antedates guttatus on page 398 in that of Briinnich.

Family ZEIDA.
STETHOPRISTIS Gilbert.
390. Stethopristis eos Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
CYTTOMIMUS Gill.
391. Cyttomimus stelgis Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

2298 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Family SCOMBRID.
SCOMBER (Artedi) Linneus.

392. Scomber japonicus Houttuyn. Hawaii; California; Japan; Atlantic.

Scomber colias Gmelin,
3938. Scomber microlepidotus Ritippell. Solomon Is. and New Hebrides (Seale); coasts of Asia.
394. Scomber chrysozonus Riippell. Bougainville Is. (Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 836); Red Sea.

395. Scomber loo (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Ga. Samoa; Waigiu; Fiji; Palau Is.; New Guinea
(Macleay) ; East Indies.

This well-marked mackerel is abundant in the open channels about the reefs of Samoa, and is an
excellent food fish. The species is quite distinct from Scomber kanagurta, with which Ginther has
confounded it.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, lustrous green, silvery below; round blackish green spots on
sides of back.

AUXIS Cuvier.

396. Auxis thazard (Lacépéde). Hawaii; New Guinea; warm seas.
GYMNOSARDA Gill.

397. Gymnosarda pelamis (Linneus). Hawaii; warm seas.

398. Gymunosarda alleterata (Rafinesque). Hawaii; warm seas.

GERMO Jordan.

399. Germo germo (Lacépéde). South Seas; Japan.
(Thynnus sibi Schlegel.)

400. Germo macropterus (Schlegel). Hawaii; southern California; Japan.
This species is known by its elevated dorsal and anal, and especially by the citron-yellow finlets.

SARDA Cuvier.

401. Sarda chilensis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii; California; Chile; Japan.

SCOMBEROMORUS Lacépéde.

402. Scomberomorus commersoni Lacépede. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

ACANTHOCYBIUM Gill.
403. Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii; warm seas.
Family LEPIDOPIDA.
RUVETTUS Cocco.
404. Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco. Hawaii; Japan; West Indies.
PROMETHICHTHYS Gill.
405. Promethichthys prometheus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii; Tahiti; Australia; Japan.

LEMNISOMA Lesson. (Gempylus Cuvier & Valenciennes. )

406. Lemnisoma thyrsitoides Lesson. Hawaii; Tahiti; West Indies.

(Gempylus serpens and Gempylus coluber Cuyier & Valenciennes. )

bo
i)
Ye)

THE FISHES OF SAMOA.

Family XIPHIDA.

407. Xiphias gladius Linnzeus. Hawaii; warm seas.

Family CARANGIDE.
SCOMBEROIDES Lacépéde.

408. Scomberoides sanctipetri (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Lai. Hawaii; Samoa; Kingsmill I.;
Tahiti; Johnston I.

This widely diffused species is rather common about Samoa and Hawaii. A few specimens were
taken in the channels of Apia.

409. Scomberoides tolooparah (Ritippell). Hawaii; New Ireland; Vanicolo; New Guinea ( Mac-
leay ); East Indies.

410. Scomberoides lysan (Forskal). New Guinea (Macleay).
SERIOLA Cuvier.

411. Seriola purpurescens Schlegel. Hawaii; Japan.

412. Seriola sparna Jenkins. Hawaii.

NAUCRATES Rafinesque.

413. Naucrates ductor (Linnzeus). Hawaii; Japan; warm seas.

ELAGATIS Bennett.

414. Elagatis bipinnulatus Quoy & Gaimard. Hawaii; Iles des Papous; New Britain (Peters);
Solomon Is. (Seale); East Indies; West Indies.

MEGALASPIS “ Bleeker.

415. Megalaspis cordyla (Linnzeus). <Afualo. Samoa; East Indies.

Common in the open channels in the reef.

DECAPTERUS Bleeker.

416. Decapterus pinnulatus (Eydoux & Souleyet). Hawaii; Raiatea; Tahiti; Bonin Is.; Pau-
motu Is.

(Decapterus canonoides Jenkins. )

This species is different from Decapterus muro-adsi of Japan, and apparently also distinct from
Decapterus sanctxhelenx of the Atlantic.

417. Decapterus lundini Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3.75 in length; depth 3.20; eye 4 in head, 1.20 in snout; dorsal vir, 21-1; anal m, 21-1;
scales small, 95 in lateral line, of which 44 are modified with plates; interorbital, 4 in head; maxillary,
3, reaching to below the anterior margin of eye, all but its posterior third hidden under the preorbital.

Body elongate, compressed, fusiform; scales covering entire body and head; adipose eyelid well
developed, covering entire eye except width of pupil; small teeth in single series on jaws and
palatines, slightly enlarged teeth on yvomer; very minute teeth on tongue; gillrakers shorter than
width of eye, 24 on lower limb; preopercle entire, opercle with small rounded nick on upper margin;
base of dorsal slightly greater than anal, its longest ray 1.85 in head; first ray of anal 2 in head;

aThe name Megalaspis Bleeker dates from 1851. At about the same time Angelin gave the same name to a genus of
Trilobites. As to this Dr. Stejneger observes (in lit. Dec. 16, 1904); ‘‘Two straws point to the Trilobite’s being the
younger name. Bleeker’s Megalaspis is mentioned in the ‘ Leistungen’ for 1851. Angelin’s name is not mentioned in the

‘Leistungen ’ until 1852-3. There is also doubt for other reasons whether Angelin’s paper appeared before 1852. We there-
fore retain Meyalaspis for the genus of fishes.

230 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

pectoral 3.10 in length, extending to below the 8th dorsal ray; ventral 2 in head; caudal slightly
less than head, 4.50 in length; depth of caudal peduncle, 2 in its width (with keels).

Color in spirits, silvery with wash of yellowish below, darker above, with about nine indistinct
vertical brown bands as wide as eye and slightly greater than the interspaces on sides of body, fading
out below lateral line; a distinct black opercular spot; a dusky wash on inner axil of pectoral; a dusky
blotch on tip of snout and tip of lower jaw; a golden wash on preopercle; dorsal and anal yellowish-
white with narrow dusky margin; pectoral, ventral, and caudal yellowish-white.

One specimen, type no. 51727, U. 8. National Museum, from Pago Pago, length 7.25 inches, taken
in a school of the common ‘‘atule’’ ( Trachurops).

Fic. 27.—Decapterus lundini Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

TRACHUROPS Gill.

In this genus there is much variation in the size of the eye. In mauritiana (=torva) the eye is
smaller than in erwmenophthalma. In the Japanese form it is still smaller. We can not yet clearly
define these forms as different species.

418. Trachurops crumenophthalma (Bloch). <Atule. Samoa; Hawaii; Tahiti; Solomon Is.; New
Hebrides; Marquesas Is.; and Rarotonga (Seale); all warm seas.
This species is the commonest food-fish of Samoa, entering the harbors in great schools. The
flesh is excellent. There is apparently no difference between Trachurops torva and the common T,.
crumenophthalma of the Atlantic.

CARANX (Commerson) Lacépéde. (Including Carangus Griffith = Tricopterus Rafinesque, 1810.)

419. Caranx lugubris Poey. Kingsmill Is.; Rarotonga; Marquesas Is.; Tahiti and Solomon Is.
(Seale); West Indies; Clarion Island; St. Helena.

420. Caranx melampygus Ouvier & Valenciennes. Malauli. Hawaii; Samoa; Marcus I.; New
Guinea; Waigiu; Rawak; Austral Is.; Solomon Is. and New Hebrides (Seale); Clarion Is.;
East Indies.

This species is the finest of the commoner food-fishes of Samoa, being especially excellent as
chowder. It is abundant in the channels between the reefs, reaching a large size. Several scores of
specimens were taken, a few being preserved.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, body light olive with darker olive spots; fins deep
clear blue.

421. Caranx thompsoni Seale. Hawaii.

422. Caranx forsteri Cuvier & Valenciennes. Ulua. Samoa; Hawaii; Papua; Vanicolo; New
Ireland; New Guinea; Tanna; Tahiti (Seale); East Indies.

The earliest name for the ulua seems to be that of Curanwx forsteri. According to Sauvage (Poiss.

Madagascar) the types of Caranx sem and Carana lessoni have the breast naked. These must then go

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 231

into the synonymy of Carangus ignobilis. Caranax kleini (Bloch), as Dr. Klunzinger has pointed out, is
not the ulua, but some one of the species found in Hindustan. Caranx sexfasciatus is the banded species
of the river mouths called Carangus rhabdotus by Jenkins. The name Caranx hippos has no pertinence
to this species, haying been based on a specimen of ‘‘Caranxz carangus’’ from South Carolina. Sauvage
recognizes Carangus forsteri as a species distinct from the ulua, but his figure of the type shows no
differential characters. Caranx peroni and Caranx belengeri of Cuvier and Valenciennes are also based
on the ulua.

In life the ulua is easily recognized by its yellow pectoral, the anal lobe being dusky, and the
dorsal not edged with black. The breast is fully scaled. Carangus marginatus is similar, but has the
dorsal edged with blackish. Carangus ignobilis, like Carangus hippos of the Atlantic, has the breast
naked except for a small central patch. The anal lobe is bright yellow, the pectoral pale. As a food-
fish Carangus forsteri, the ulua, and Carangus melampygus, the malauli, are far sMperior to all others of
this genus in the Pacific. Caranx latus (fallax) of the Atlantic is a closely related but distinct species.
We adopt for tbe ulua, provisionally, the name of Caranz forsteri, as it seems to be the oldest properly
applied to the species.

The ulua is the food fish par excellence of the mid-Pacific, both in Samoa and Hawaii. It reaches
a large size, similar to that of the malauli, and it is scarcely less common than the atule. Hundreds
of specimens were taken in Samoa, and a few preserved.

A specimen from Pago Pago in life had the anal dark, pectoral yellow in the young, growing dull
with age; body green, with blue specks, the fins with blue-black luster. Dorsal rays 23 or 24; body
deep; preorbital deep; breast scaly; fins high; no opercular spot.

One specimen from Apia in life had the pectoral bright yellow, anal dark; another was pale bluish
silvery, the vertical fins all dusky, the pectoral bright yellow, ventral slightly dusky. Eye small;
plates small.

423. Caranx marginatus (Gill). Hawaii; Samoa; west coast of Mexico and Panama.

Two species from Samoa seem to be referable to this species. Possibly Caranx heberi Bennett,
from Ceylon, is the same species.

424. Caranx ignobilis (Forskal). Lupo. Samoa; Hawaii; New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
(Carangus hippoides Jenkins; Caranz sem, ekala, lessoni, xanthopygus, etc., Cuvier & Valenciennes.)

Frequently taken about Samoa.
425. Caranx sexfasciatus (Quoy & Gaimard). Lupo. Hawaii; Samoa; Vanicolo; Waigiu; Jaya.

This species, recently described as C. rhabdotus Jenkins from Hawaii, is common in the mouths
of the streams of Upolu, especially the sluggish stream called Gasegase River, ascending even into the
smaller brooks. One specimen was taken by us in salt water, and this has lost the cross bands and
some part of the peculiar dusky shade of the others, although even in this the caudal plates are of a
watery blackish color. About a dozen specimens were taken. The cross bands, very distinct in the
young, grow faint with age.

This species seems to be the one figured by Quoy and Gaimard under the name of Caranx sexfas-
ciatus. Jenkins’s figure of Caranx rhabdotus represents it very fairly, and we are forced to believe that
the two are the same species. From Caranx ignobilis, which has also the anal fin yellow, Caranax sex-
fasciatus differs in having the breast entirely scaled. In Caranx ignobilis the breast is naked, with a
small central patch of scales as in Caranx hippos of the West Indies. Caranx forsteri has more anal
rays and more (30 to 33) lateral plates. The mouth is larger in Caranx seafasciatus than in Caranz
forsteri or any other of the related species. Caranx forsteri shows no cross bands at the size (4 to 8
inches) of our specimens of Caranx sexfasciatus.

Life colors of a specimen from Gasegase River, at Apia, dark brassy with a transparent blackish
wash, as usual in fishes from muddy water; 6 broad darker cross bands; a black opercular spot; no
pectoral spot; anal dull yellow, the lobe not sharp; upper fins dark. Another specimen from Apia
had the pectoral pale, anal yellow. A specimen from fresh water near Vailele, Upolu, in life had the
body barred, an opercular spot, upper fins dusky, lower dull yellow. In a specimen from the swamp
at Pago Pago the anal fin was bright yellow, caudal not so.

426. Caranx dasson Jordan & Snyder. Hawaii.

427. Caranx elacate (Jordan & Evermann). Hawaii.

232 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

428. Caranx regularis Garman. Fiji.

Caranx regularis Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. XXxIx, no. 8, 1903, 282, Fiji.

429. Caranx parasitus Garman. Fiji.

Caranx parasitus Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. yol. Xxx1x, no. 8, 1908, 232, Fiji.
430. Caranx boops Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Guinea; Vanicolo; East Indies.
431. Caranx nove-guinez Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Guinea.
432. Caranx affinis Riippell. Hawaii; East Indies.
433. Caranx hasselti (Bleeker). New Guinea (Macleay); Hawaii; East Indies.
(Carangus politus Jenkins.)

A specimen of Carangus hasselti from Negros in the Philippines agrees in every respect with
Jenkins’s account of Carangus politus. }

434. Caranx helvolus (Forster). Tahiti(?); Hawaii.

This species, obtained by Forster on the second cruise of Captain Cook, was rediscovered by
Professor Snyder in 1901.

435. Caranx cheilio (Snyder). Hawaii.

436. Caranx papuensis Alleyne & Macleay. New Guinea.
Caranz papuensis Alleyne & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1876, 325.

437. Caranx platessa Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Guinea (Alleyne & Macleay); Australia.
(Caranx georgianus Cuvier & Valenciennes. )

438. Caranx bucculentus Alleyne & Macleay. New Guinea.

439. Caranx moresbyensis Macleay. New Guinea.
Carana moresbyensis Macleay, Pree. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1883, 358, Port Moresby (New Guinea).

440. Caranx obtusiceps (Macleay). New (Guinea.
441. Caranx cheverti Alleyne & Macleay. New Guinea.
442. Caranx laticaudus Alleyne & Macleay. New Guinea.
448. Caranx cerulcopinnatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Guinea.
444. Caranx ferdau (Forskal). Lupo. -Samoa; Hawaii; Tahiti; Bonin Is.; East Indies.
This species is not rare about Hawaii and was frequently taken at Samoa, where it is valued as a
food fish.
445. Caranx ajax (Snyder). Hawaii.
446. Caranx gymnostethoides Bleeker. Johnston I., south of Hawaii; East Indies.

447. Caranx speciosus/ (Forskal). Hawaii; Samoa; New Guinea; Fiji; East Indies; Panama.

Not rare about Hawaii, and occasionally taken at Pago Pago. Life colors of a specimen from
Pago Pago, green-golden with green iridescence; black transverse bars on head (through eye), next one
blackish; others simply dark, fading posteriorly; caudal with blackish tips and margin.

448. Caranx edentulus Alleyne & Macleay. Percy I., New Guinea.

449. Caranx armatus (Forskal). New Britain; New Guinea (Peters, Alleyne & Macleay); East

Indies.
450. Caranx oblongus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Vanicolo; Oualan; New Britain; Solomon Is.;
Sumatra.
This species, as originally described, has the anal rather low, the opercular spot wanting, the
plates on the tail about 40. It is not clear that all the above references belong to it, although speci-
mens from Sumatra, recorded by Mr. Fowler as Citula oblonga, agree fairly with the original account.

aThe genus Caranx was originally based on C. speciosus, a species without teethin the adult stage. Carangus has small
even teeth; Tricopterus, larger, unequal teeth, and Citula, the dorsal rays produced, the teeth being very small. For
the present we place all these species in a single genus, Carana, as the subdivisions need better definition.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 233

451. Caranx plumbeus (Quoy & Gaimard). Lupo; Lupo ta; Lalafutu; Aldlafutu. Ile de France;
Samoa.

Head 3.25 in length; depth 2.18; dorsal vi-1, 22; anal 1-1, 18; eye 3 in head; snout 2.75; maxil-
lary 2.18, extending to below anterior margin of eye; 43 plates along straight portion of lateral line,
the curved portion a third longer than the straight.

Body oblong, compressed; profile of head gibbous and keeled; anterior dorsal and anal rays elon-
gate (male fishes have 9 and 10 dorsal rays and 7 and 8 anal rays elongate), the first dorsal ray being
greater than depth of fish, 2 in length. The first anal ray is 2.75 in length; base of anal about equal
to pectoral, which is 2.75 in length of fish; base of dorsal 2.20 in length; caudal deeply forked, the
lobes slightly longer than head; ventrals 2 in head; opercle with small rounded nick on npper margin;
scales of body small, about 100 in curved portion of lateral line; thorax naked; cheek scaled and upper
part of opercle scaled; bands of minute teeth in jaws, vomer, palatines and middle of tongue; a nar-
row adipose eyelid; preorbital less than width of eye; mouth large, lower jaw slightly the longer; gill-
rakers strong, two-thirds length of eye, 16 on lower limb.

Fic. 28.—Caranx plumbeus (Quoy & Gaimard).

Color in spirits silvery bronze, the scales with beautiful iridescence, slightly darker aboye, some
specimens showing slight indications of five or six wide vertical brown bands on upper half of body;
a black opercular spot; a large black spot in axil of pectoral, extending on its upper base; cheek more
or less blotched with golden; an indistinct dusky blotch on upper part of preopercle between the
black opercular spot and eye; spines of dorsal dusky; margin of dorsal and its elongate filaments
dusky; caudal with indistinct dusky margin; pectoral, ventral, and anal yellowish white, the anal
showing a slight dusky wash on webs.

A specimen from Apia in life was silver-green, bluish below; axil black; opercular spot faint olive;
caudal dull yellow; anal and ventral whitish, slightly olive-tinged. Dorsal and anal with one filament
only. In others of the same species, males, there are numerous filamentous rays on the dorsal and
anal fins.

This species belongs to the subgenus Citula. We have 5 specimens, + male and 1 female, taken in
the seine at Apia and Pago Pago. The description is that of a male 12.50 inches long.

B.B. F.1905—16

234 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Citula plumbea Quoy & Gaimard from Ile de France, with the fin-rays as in our specimens and the
depth nearly 3 in total length, is apparently identical with ‘the species in hand. Caranx armatus
(Forskal) may be the same, but the body is deeper in some specimens called Caranx armatus than in
our specimens from Samoa, which we record provisionally as Caranx plumbeus. In Caranz armatus the
depth is 2 to 2.5 in total length.

452. Caranx mandibularis Macleay. New Guinea.
Caranz mandibularis Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1883, 356, New Guinea.

This species belongs to Citula, having the first dorsal ray very long.
453. Caranx gilberti Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3.60 in length; depth 2.20; eye 4 in head, 1.10 in snout; interorbital 2.95 in head; dorsal
Vi-I, 33; anal 11-1, 29; scales minute, 143 on lateral line, 25 of which are modified into plates of mod-
erate size; maxillary 2.50 in head, extending to below anterior margin of eye.

Fic. 29.—Caranz gilberti Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

Body ovate, strongly compressed, shaped as usual in Caranz, the upper profile more ovate than
lower; anterior lobes of dorsal and anal falcate, elongate and graduated, the anterior ray of dorsal
longer than head, 3 in length (without caudal), anterior ray of anal equal to head; base of dorsal
slightly greater than anal; pectoral reaching to below straight portion of lateral line, its length equal
to base of anal, 2.75 in length of fish without caudal; length of caudal slightly less than pectoral;
ventrals 2 in head; teeth in villiform bands on vomer, palatine, and tongue; jaws with patches of
minute teeth in front and a single series on side, no enlarged outer teeth; gillrakers less than width of
eye, 14 on lower limb; preopercle entire; opercle with slight rounded nick above; eye with adipose
membrane slightly developed; head and body scaled, except thorax, which is naked; dorsal and anal
enveloped in rather high shields.

Color in spirits, silvery with slight brassy tint, darker above; dorsal, anal, and caudal with slight
dusky wash. There isa narrow black margin to caudal and a black line on margin of dorsal; pectoral
and ventral yellowish white.

One specimen, type no. 51729, U. S. National Museum, from Pago Pago, island of Tutuila, length
8.50 inches.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 235
ALECTIS Rafinesque.

454. Alectis ciliaris (Bloch). Hawaii; Samoa; New Ireland (Peters) ; Tahiti; Palau Is.; Kingsmill
I.; New Guinea; Solomon Is.
Of this widely distributed species, we have several small specimens from Apia.

TRACHINOTUS Lacépede.

455. Trachinotus ovatus (Linneus). <Aldlafutu. Samoa; New Hebrides; New Guinea (Macleay ).

Of this widely diffused species, we have three examples from Apia, one very large, nearly 2 feet
in length. Life colors of one of these specimens gray, back tinged with creamy bronze; dorsal dark,
the lobe largely covered with creamy bronze; ventral, anal, belly, and lips still more orange; tail
black. Specimen from Pago Pago, lobes of dorsal, anal, and caudal black, washed with creamy
orange; ventral and anal lobe largely orange.

456. Trachinotus bailloni Lacépéde. Samoa (Gunther); New Hebrides; Tahiti; New Britain
(Peters); New Guinea (Macleay).
This species, recorded from Samoa with the preceding, was not taken by us.

457. Trachinotus russelli Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Guinea; East Indies.
Trachynotus coppingert Ginther, Zool. Alert, 1884, 29, Percy I. (New Guinea), in Cloudy Bay.

Family CORYPHA NID.
CORYPHZENA Linneus.
458. Corypheena hippurus Linneus. Hawaii; warm seas.
459. Coryphena equisetis Linnzus. Between Tahiti and Hawaii; warm seas.
Family BRAMIDZ.
TARACTES Lowe.
460. Taractes orcini (Cuvier & Valenciennes). South seas; Indian Ocean.

COLLYBUS Snyder.

461. Collybus drachme Snyder. Off Hawaii.
Family PSENIDA.

PSENES Cuvier.

462. Psenes javanicus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Guam; East Indies.

(Psenes guamensis Giinther.)

CUBICEPS Lowe.

463. Cubiceps pauciradiatus Giinther. Misol.
Cubiceps pauciradiatus Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1872, 423, Misol. Regan, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1902, 123.

ARIOMMA Jordan & Evermann,

464. Ariomma lurida Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.

465. Ariomma evermanni Jordan & Snyder. Hawaii.

236 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Family ICOSTEIDA.
SCHEDOPHILUS Cuvier.
466. Schedophilus medusophagus Cocco. Off Samoa (Giinther).

Family STROMATEIDA.
LEIRUS Lowe.

467. Leirus maculatus (Gtinther). South Seas.

468. Leirus paucidens Giinther. Between New Guinea and Japan.

Lirus paucidens Gunther, Pelagic Fishes Challenger, 1888, 11, open sea north of New Guinea,
Family RACHYCENTRIDA.

RACHYCENTRON Kaup. (Hlacate Cuvier. )

469. Rachycentron pondicerrianum Cuvier & Valenciennes. Vanicolo; East Indies.

Family ANOMALOPID.

ANOMALOPS Kner. (Heterophthalmus Bleeker. )

470. Anomalops palpebratus Kner. Fiji; Paumotu Is.; Celebes.

Family PEMPHERID.

PEMPHERIS Cuvier.

471. Pempheris oualensis Cuvier & Valenciennes. Manifi; Fo a’ao. Oualan, or Strong Island;
Tahiti; Guam; Vanicolo; Samoa; Kingsmill I.; Caroline Is.; New Guinea (Macleay ).

Pempheris oualensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist, Nat. Poiss., Vi, 299, 1831, Oualan.

Pempheris otaitensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Op cit., VII, 304, 1831, Tahiti. Giinther, Cat., 11, 568, China, Amboyna.
Kner, Novara Fische, 171, Java. Gtinther, Fische der Siidsee, 102. Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 74, Guam.
Sauvage, Poiss. Madagascar, 286, Tahiti.

Pempheris mangula Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 102, taf. 59, fig. B, Samoa, Vanicolo, Kingsmill I., Caroline Is.,
Tahiti; not of Cuvier & Valenciennes.

Of this species, sharply distinguished by the presence of a large black spot on the base of the
pectoral, we have about a dozen fine specimens from Samoa. Life colors of a specimen from Apia,
dirty olive, sides silvery; dorsal dirty olive, its anterior rays black; caudal pale within, the outer rays
dirty dull red; anal gray, its base blackish; pectoral reddish, the anterior rays quite red, its base jet
black; ventral gray; axil jet black; body with some violet luster.

472. Pempheris vanicolensis Cuvier & Valenciennes. Pula. Vanicolo; Samoa; Ile de France.
Pempheris vanicolensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 305, 1881, Vanicolo.
Pempheris nesogallica Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., VII, 306, 1831, Ie de France. ‘

Three specimens taken in the seine at Apia. This species is well distinguished by the entire
absence of black on the base of the pectoral. Depth 2.2 in length. We see no reason for supposing
this species to be identical with the Indian species Pempheris mangula.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, coppery black; dorsal and anal pale, the lobes tipped with
jet black; pectoral golden; ventral orange, blackish at base; no spot at base of pectoral.

Family SCORPID.
MONODACTYLUS Lacépéde.
Monodactylus Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 111, 131, 1802 ( falciformis).
Centropodus Lacépéde, op. cit., 111, 303, 1802 (rhombeus=argenteus).
Acanthopodus Lacépeéde, op. cit., Iv, 558, 1803 (argenteus).
Psettus Cuvier (argenteus).

This genus is distinguished from Psettias Jordan, new genus (sebx) by the rounded outline of the
body, which is not deeper than long. In Psettias it is very much deeper than long.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. Q3tl

473. Monodactylus argenteus (Linneus). Yolo. Samoa; New Guinea; Vanicolo; Fiji; East Indies;
Australia.
Chetodon argenteus Linnzus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, 1758, China; after Lagerstrom. Giinther, Cat., 11, 488, Moluccas,
Amboina, Ceylon, Australia.
Psettus argenteus, Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 140, Samoa. Klunzinger, Fische Roth. Meeres, 794, Red Sea.
Scomber rhombeus, Forskal. Descrip. Anim., 58, 1775, Red Sea.
‘ Monodactylus falciformis Lacépéede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 111, 131, 1802.
Psettus commersoni Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vir, 250, 1831, Vanicolo; after Lacépede.
This species, common in the East Indies, was found rather abundant in the harbor of Apia in the
deeper water between the reefs. Eight specimens were taken. It is a valued food-fish.
Life colors of a specimen from Apia, silvery white with some dusky; a faint orbital bar. Young
with three curved black cross bars on the head.

Fic. 30.—Monodactylus argenteus (Linnzus).

ATYPICHTHYS Ginther,

474. Atypichthys strigatus (Giinther). Erromango, New Hebrides; Palacky; Australia.

Family KURTIDA.

KURTUS Bloch.

475. Kurtus gulliveri Castelnau. New Guinea.

Kurtus gulliveri Castelnau, Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Victoria, New Guinea.
Cyrtus gulliveri, Ramsay & Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soe. N.S. W., 1886, 10, Strickland River (New Guinea).

Family APOGONICHTHYID.
AMIA Gronow” (1763). (Apogon Lacépéede, 1802.) Fo.

476. Amia snyderi (Jordan & Eyermann). Hawaii; Samoa; Tahiti; Paumotu Is.; Tubuai; Faté,
Shortland I., and Raiatea (Seale). -
Apogon snyderi Jordan & Eyermann, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., Xx1, 1902 (1903), 180, Honolulu.
Apogon frenatus Giinther, Fische der Sudsee, 1, 19, taf. 19, fig. A, 1873, Hawaiian, Society, and Paumotu Is.
Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wis. Wien, LXx, 1900, 484, Honolulu. Not Apogon frenatus Valenciennes, Nouy.
Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1832, 57, pl. 4, fig. 4, nor of Klunzinger.

aUnder the rules of nomenclature adopted by us the name Amia Gronow (1763) becomes tenable for this genus, having
' priority over Apogon (1802) and over Amia Linnzeus (1766), for which genus Rafinesque’s name, Amiatus (1815), must be
used,

\

& date

238 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

This large species is very common about the Samoan Islands, as also about Hawaii. We have about
40 specimens from Apia and Pago Pago. The dark spot at base of caudal above is usually distinct,
though varying much in degree of definition. There is a more or less evident lateral shade, but never
sharply defined.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, brownish red; sides washed with clear light green, the edges
of scales brownish red; a diffuse black bar at base of caudal, forming a pretty distinct rounded spot
above lateral line and extending backward on edges of both caudal lobes; a faint dark shade from

snout across eye, with a darker blotch on opercle and a rounded spot behind eye; a dusky shade on
seeoneye to tail on larger specimens; axil dull reddish brown; fins all dull reddish brown; first
gyal black on anterior spines; second dorsal and ventral dusky shaded.

477. Amia frenata (Valenciennes). New Guinea; Guam.

>

Apogon frenatus Valenciennes, Nouy. Ann. Hist. Nat., 1, 57, 1832, with plate, New Guinea, Guam.
This species we have failed to recognize. It is close to our Amia exostigma, differing in the
narro¢tr lateral band, and in the more diffuse caudal spot, which is at the end of the lateral band.

It is more remote from Amia snyderi, which has the lateral stripe fainter, broader, and more diffuse. -

478. Amia exostigma Jordan & Starks, new species. Samoa.

Head 2.75 in length; depth 3.3; eye 3 in head; interorbital width 5; snout 3.75; maxillary 2.25;
“caudal peduncle 2.67; dorsal vi—1, 9; anal 1, 9; scales 2—25-5.5.

Fic. 31.—Amia exostigma Jordan & Starks, new species. Type.

Body slender; upper anterior profile a slight, even, unbroken curve from tip of snout to first dorsal
spine; snout blunt, and projecting very slightly beyond the maxillary; maxillary extending to below
middle of eye, its anterior end projecting a very little beyond tip of lower jaw; teeth in moderately
wide bands on jaws, in a narrower V-shaped patch on vomer; rather large spines on both posterior
edges of preopercle, those near the angle larger, all of them directed backward; gillrakers rather
slender, the longest one-third the diameter of the eye, 44-14 in number, about 4 of which are repre-
sented by tubercles on the anterior end of the lower limb. >

Scales everywhere ctenoid, the marginal denticulations fine and close-set, preceded by many short
spinules regularly placed, forming a moderately wide band around the posterior border of each scale.
Third dorsal spine longest, its length equal to distance between tip of snout and posterior margin of
pupil; when fin is depressed its tip reaches a little past front of soft dorsal; first spine very short, 5 in
eye; the second spine midway between these two spines in length; second dorsal with a long spine
equal in length to the second dorsal base; second dorsal ray the longer, equal to length of head
anterior to anterior preopercle margin; second anal spine a little longer than diameter of eye; anal
placed a little posterior to soft dorsal; ventrals scarcely reaching to front of anal; pectoral reaching to
above base of second anal spine.

Color in life of a specimen from Pago Pago, light olive; jet black band from snout through eye,
fading behind; just above this stripe at base of caudal a round, jet black spot as large as pupil; fins

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 239

dull reddish; first dorsal spine black; a dark streak on base of dorsal and anal and upper and lower
caudal lobes; cheek and breast soiled silver.

Color in alcohol, slightly dusky with fine dots; scarcely darker on back; a black lateral band
from tip of snout across eye, but not involving eye, tapering backward to base of middle caudal
rays; widest just behind eye; aconspicuous round black spot on caudal peduncle at base of caudal
rays, just above lateral line; a short light stripe with violet reflections on opercle bordering black
lateral stripe, below which opercle is silvery with violet reflections; upper and lower margins of
caudal bordered with black; dusky shades at base of soft dorsal and anal.

Kight specimens from Apia and Pago Pago. This species is very close to Amia frenata and A.
melanorhynchus, differing in having the very distinct caudal spot above the termination of the jet black
lateral band and entirely separated from it, the band growing very faint before reaching the base of
the caudal.

The lateral band is in this species very broad anteriorly, almost as broad as the eye, while in
Amia frenata this band is narrow. In Amia snyderi, also a closely related species, the lateral band
and its terminal spot are broad and diffuse. ¢

The type is from Apia; it is 3 inches in length, and is no. 51782, U. 8. National Museum.

479. Amia menesema (Jenkins). Hawaii.

480. Amia crassiceps (Garman). Fiji; Samoa.

Apogon crassiceps Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1903, Suva (Fiji).

One large specimen taken at Apia.

Fic. 32.—Amia crassiceps (Garman),
481. Amia evermanni (Jordan & Snyder). Hawaii.
482. Amia orbicularis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Radack I.; East Indies.

483. Amia guamensis ( Valenciennes). Guam.
Apogon gquamensis Valenciennes, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist., I, 55, 1831, Guam,
A deep-bodied, plain-colored species with large head and one limb only of the opercle serrate;
caudal notched, This species may be the same as A. crassiceps.

484. Amia savayensis (Giinther). Savaii, Samoa; Tonga; Yap; Tahiti; Fiji; Faté; Shortland I.
and Raiatea (Seale); East Indies.

Apogon savayensis Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1871, 656, Savaii (Samoa). Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 21, taf. 19,
"fig. B, Samoa, Tonga, Yap, Tahiti, Celebes. Seale, Bishop Mus. 1901, Fishes Guam, 76, Guam

Apogon bandanensis Steindachner; not of Bleeker, who has wrongly identified savayensis with bandanensis.

Apogon fuscus Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 22, Fiji.

Apogon nubilus Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1903, Suva (Fiji).

This species is very common about the Samoan Islands. We have about 100 specimens from Apia
and Pago Pago. Ordinarily the color markings are very distinct. There is an oblique black streak

240 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

backward and downward from eye; about eight vertical silvery stripes on the side between pectoral
and region above middle of anal; a blackish saddle on caudal peduncle, and a black and white stripe —
on each edge of caudal. In some specimens, however, any or all of these marks may be reduced
to mere traces. The silvery cross-streaks, the most characteristic of these traits, were wanting in
Giinther’s types. Apparently the specimen called by Gtinther Apogon fuscus was one in which all
the marks were obliterated. It is certain that this is not the fuscus of Quoy and Gaimard, which has
the caudal rounded and blotched with black. Bleeker is certainly wrong in regarding savayensis as the
same as Amia bandanensis. Garman’s Apogon nubilus is apparently the young of this species with
the markings faded, although more distinct than in Ginther’s type.

Color in life of a specimen from Pago Pago, dusky olive, with seven narrow dull silvery cross-
streaks, each dark-edged on each side; other fainter streaks curved behind; a dusky saddle on caudal
peduncle, another under soft dorsal; fins dull red, first dorsal anteriorly black; a dark streak along
each caudal lobe; a dusky streak behind eye.

A specimen from Apia in life was brownish olive; side with seven pinkish-white cross-streaks,
each edged with brown; an oblique brownish olive bar below eye; a jet black saddle on back of tail;
first dorsal blackish; other fins light brownish red; a black streak edged with orange down each lobe
of the caudal; tips of soft dorsal and anal light orange-red.

Fie. 33.—Amia savayensis (Giinther).

The life colors of a young example from Apia were dull olive, faintly barred with paler, a large
black spot before base of caudal; no other markings; first dorsal black; other fins pale grayish.
Called fo by the Samoans.

Another specimen from Pago Pago in life was dull olive, slightly reddish, with some silvery on sides,
arranged in cross-bands along muscles; a dark streak like a pencil mark across opercle, another down-
ward and backward from eye; a faint diffuse dark blotch above lateral line from base of caudal, then
joined saddlewise over back; first dorsal dusky; other fins purplish olive, the spine of second dorsal
dusky. Caudal lunate; dorsal yr; preopercle serrate.

485. Amia koilomatodon (Bleeker). Samoa; Shortland I.; Solomon Is. (Seale); East Indies.

Head 2.60 in length; depth equal to head; eye 3.10 in head; dorsal v1-1, 10; anal 1, 8; scales 2-
28-6; interorbital 1.50 in eye; snout 1.20 in eye.

Body oblong, compressed, slightly elevated; caudal peduncle rather thick and strong, its depth
1.50 in length, which is equal to distance from anterior margin of eye to posterior margin of opercle;
mouth large; maxillary equal to post-ocular portion of head; its distal end under posterior margin of
pupil, the width of distal end slightly greater than pupil; villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatine;

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 241

the two limbs of preopercle distinctly denticulate; the lower posterior limb of preorbital denticulate;
gillrakers rather sharp pointed, the longest scarcely equal to pupil, 17 on lower limb; second dorsal
spine much the strongest, its length 2 in head; base of soft dorsal 3 in head, its longest ray 1.80 in
head; anal rounded, its base 2 in its length, the second spine 2.25 in head, its longest ray 1.75 in head;
pectoral 1.45 in head, its distal end below middle of soft dorsal; ventrals reaching base of anal, their
origin directly below origin of pectoral; caudal bilobed, 1.50 in head.

Color in spirits, light brownish; a black half-band at origin of spinous dorsal extending to beneath
anterior third of pectoral; a second black band at origin of soft dorsal, extending down to lateral line;
a third black band at posterior axil of soft dorsal, longer than second band, extending to below lateral
line, in young examples extending to middle of anal base; a third very indistinct dark band over
middle of caudal peduncle (in an old example this is broken up into three or four round spots) ; a
distinct round spot on lateral line just anterior to base of caudal; a round black spot on opercle; a dis-
tinct black line from eye to angle of preopercle; anterior dorsal spine black, upper and Homies margin
of caudal dusky; tip of ventral and anal with dusky wash; pectoral vellow.

Fic. 34.—Amia koilomatodon (Bleeker).

Color in life of a very large specimen from. Pago Pago, dark reddish olive brown; a faint darker
bar under first dorsal, one under second dorsal; asmall round blackish spot at base of caudal, and one
on opercle before its edge; iris golden. Fins all dusky brownish red, the first dorsal darker; dorsal
rather dark; dark dots confluent along base of soft dorsal. Caudal lunate; dorsal v1.

Another large specimen from Pago Pago was dark olive brown in life, much mottled, with three
vague dark cross-bands; a large black spot on opercle and another at base of caudal; fins mottled brown.

We have eight specimens from Apia and Pago Pago, of a large and robust species of Amia,
evidently allied to Amia koilomatodon. It hasa distinct caudal spot, which is said to be wanting in the
latter, but as no other differences appear, we refer our specimens provisionally to Amia koilomatodon.
The specimen described is no. 51733, U. 8. National Museum, 5.63 inches long.

486. Amia nigripinnis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Bonham I.; East Indies.

487. Amia maculifera (Garrett). Hawaii.
488. Amia nove-guinez (Valenciennes). Papua; East Indies.

489. Amia aroubiensis (Hombron & Deiaelinets) Samoa; Tahiti; Tubuai; Shortland [.; Nukahiva
(Seale).

Apogon aroubiensis Hombron & Jacquinot, Voy. au Pole Sud, Poiss., 31, pl. 1, fig. 1, Aroub in Malaysia,
Apogon fasciatus Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 19, taf. 20, fig. A.

This species very closely resembles Amia novemfasciata, but the colors are deeper, and the black
bands, broader and continuous, do not extend on the caudal fin. There is no black spot on base of

242 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

pectoral. It is certainly a distinct species, and it is fairly represented by Dr. Giinther’s figure a, as
well as apparently in the poor plate of Hombron and Jacquinot. —

About 10 specimens from Apia and Pago Pago. Color in life of a specimen from Apia, reddish
gray, with five stripes of very deep red-black, the interspaces gray; iris gray with yellowish tinge; fins
all pale red; an oblique streak on each dorsal and on anal; none on caudal, the bands not converging
on the fin.

Fic. 35.—Amia aroubiensis (Hombron & Jacquinot).

490. Amia novemfasciata (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Samoa; Guam; Tahiti; Kingsmill I.; Faté
(Seale); East Indies.
Apogon novemfsasciatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 154, Timor and Guam.
Apogon fasciatus Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, 344, Guam. Gtinther, Fische der Siidsee, 19, taf. 20, fig. B,
Society, Samoan, and Kingsmill islands, ete.; not fig. 4. Bleeker, Atlas, tab. XLv11I, fig. 4, East Indies. Streets,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., vit, 100, 1877, Samoa. Seale, Bishop Mus. 1901, 76, Guam; not of White.

Head 2.50 in length; depth 2.85; eye 3.20 in head; snout 4in head; dorsal vii—-1, 9; anal 1, 8;
scales 2-28-6; interorbital 2 in orbit.

Body oblong, compressed; caudal peduncle strong, its depth 1.50 in its length, which is 1.35 in
head; mouth large, jaws equal, maxillary 2 in head, its distal end under posterior third of eye; bands
of small teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; gillrakers not very sharp, the longest equal to width of
pupil, 14 on lower limb (12 developed); opercle entire; outer lim) only of preopercle denticulate; base
of spinous dorsal 1:40 in the third spine, which is the longest and strongest; base of soft dorsal 2.75 in
head, its longest ray equal to distance from middle of eye to posterior tip of opercle; base of anal equal
to orbit, its longest ray 1.75 in head; pectoral 1.50 in head, its distal end reaching to base of soft dorsal;
ventrals 1.40 in head, their insertion directly below base of pectoral, their tips scarcely reaching base
of anal fin; caudal emarginate, 1.30 in head.

Color in spirits, yellowish white, with four brown longitudinal bands about as wide as interspaces,
the first extending from middle of interorbital, dividing in front of dorsal fin into two which continue
along base of dorsal, uniting behind in asingle line along top of caudal peduncle; the 2nd band extend-
ing from upper margin of orbit to caudal, where it runs obliquely out on fin to join the end of the
third line, which extends from tip of snout through eye to tip of caudal fin; the fourth line extending
from side of snout along lower part of orbit, over base of pectoral to caudal, where it extends
obliquely out on the fin to join the third line at tip—three of the bands thus converging on the caudal
fin, each of these bands more or less distinctly widened at about three intervals. There is also an
indistinct dusky line from angle of mouth to base of ventrals; a narrow white line along side of snout;
two larger dark blotches are apparent on the third body band; base and axil of pectoral dusky; a
black line with a narrow light one above it through lower base of soft dorsal; a slight wash of dusky
‘on anterior membrane of spinous dorsal, usually a narrow black line through lower part of anal,
lisappearing with age.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 243

Color in life of a specimen from Apia, olivaceous, the bands black, converging on caudal; spaces
anteriorly before pectoral silvery white, with bright luster; the streaks on head aboye very white; fins
all brick-red.

FIG. 36.—Amia novemfasciata (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

Another specimen has the stripes darker olive, almost black, on whiter ground; a black bar across
axil, and a black spot in front of it; a stripe from angle of mouth to ventrals; fins all pale red, in
younger individuals orange yellow; no black marks, except dusky streak at base of second dorsal and
anal, which runs obliquely up and back; black bands convergent on caudal, the outer margin pale;
first dorsal all pale.

A third specimen from the same locality has a deeper body, the black stripes more olive, none
helow level of pectoral; no black bar across axil; a blackish spot on lower part of opercle; fins dull

Wy ay: i z
LR pasa

Age 3

FIG. 37.—Amia novemfasciata (Cuyier & Valenciennes). A color variation.

red; both dorsals and anal with an oblique black cross-band; stripes on caudal less distinctly con-
verging, the outer margin black; first dorsal all black. These specimens differ rather markedly from
the ordinary ones and may represent a distinct species, but, except in color, we find no tangible
characters.

244 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

This species is very abundant at Pago Pago and Apia, and we have about 100 specimens. Length
3.25 inches. We have not seen the plate of Mullus fasciatus, published by John White. From the
account of Cuvier and Valenciennes this species, like quadrifasciata, has but two black stripes on each
side. The present species, Apogon fasciatus of most authors, has five (or four) stripes on each side, two
of them converging to meet the middle stripe on the caudal fin. These stripes are relatively narrow,
and are again narrowed in two or three places. A black spot at the base of the pectoral is also very
constant.

Concerning the types of Apogon novemfasciatus, Dr. Léon Vaillant writes:

Je viens @’ examiner les deux specimens qu'on peut regarder comme types primitifs de Cuvier et Valenciennes; Ce sont
deux individus isolés, 1’ un rapporté de Timor par Péron, }’ autre de Guam par Quoy et Gaimard.

Le premier est un p2tit exemplaire, long de 60 + 12 =52 mm. en mediocre etat, en grand partie decolore; tout ce qu’ on
peut dire, c’est que les bandes laterales se voient sur la partie basilaire de la caudale (No. 5646)

L’ etat du second est plus satisfaisant. La longueur est de 40 +12=52 mm. Les trois lignes sombres laterales, se
prolongent visiblement sur la caudale, la superieure, et ]’ inferieur convergeant nettement, I’ une vers |’ autre €n arriere
(No. 853).

The second of these specimens evidently corresponds to the Amia novemfasciata of the present
paper, and the other, which is properly the type of novemfasciatus, is almost certainly a discolored
example of the same species, as the black spots are seen on the base of the caudal fin. In Apogon
aroubiensis of Hombron and Jacquinot the black spots do not encroach on the caudal fin at all.

491. Amia amboinensis (Bleeker). New Guinea’ (Macleay); Shortland I. (Seale); East Indies.

492. Amia sangiensis (Bleeker). Fiji (Giinther); New Guinea (Macleay); Yap (Giinther); Kast
Indies.

498. Amia fieurieu (Lacépéde). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies

(Ostorhinchus fleurieu Lacépede; Centropomus aureus Lacépede; Apogon annridaris Riippell; Apogon roseipinnis
Cuvier & Valenciennes. )

494. Amia tenioptera (Bennett). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies. -
495. Amia buruensis (Bleeker). Normanby I.; New Guinea (Macleay).

496. Amia trimaculata (Cuvier & Valenciennes). New Guinea; East Indies.

Fig. 88.—Amia fusca (Quoy & Gaimard).
’
Sf

497. Amia fusca (Quoy & Gaimard). Samoa.
Apogon fuscus Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, Zool., 345, 1824, Guam.
Head 2.85 in length; depth 3; eye 2.75 in head; snout 4.80; dorsal vi-1, 8; anal 11, 8; scales 2—23-6;
interorhital equal to snout.
Body oblong, compressed, head and body scaled; caudal peduncle long, 3.10 in length of fish, its
depth 2.55 in head; jaws even; maxillary 1.95 in head, its distal end under posterior margin of pupil;

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 245

bands of villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; gill-rakers sharp pointed, the longest less than
width of pupil, 14 on lower limb; posterior margin of opercle ending in a spine-like point which
extends as a small bony stay across opercle; the posterior limb of preopercle only is serrated; lateral
line evenly curved from its origin to a line with posterior axil of dorsal, the straight portion 1.50
incurved. Base of spinous dorsal 1.50 in its height, the second (upright) spine being the longest
and strongest; base of soft dorsal 1.95 in its length, the soft dorsal spine being equal to base of fin,
2.90 in head; base of anal equal to depth of caudal peduncle, its longest ray 1.95 in head; ventrals
scarcely reaching base of anal, equal in length to distance from middle of eye to posterior tip of opercle,
their insertion being slightly in advance of pectoral; pectoral 1.50 in head, the tip on a line with
middle of soft dorsal; caudal rounded, 1.20 in head.

Color in spirits yellowish white, thickly covered with minute dots; a broad black area covering
most of the caudal peduncle, except its upper and lower sides, this black marking extending out and
covering the lower half of the caudal fin; anteriorly this color fades out under the posterior axil of
soft dorsal; there is a dusky wash on upper half of eye and on dorsal surface of head; cheek punctulate
with brown dots rather larger than those of body, a small brown spot on opercle near base of the bony
stay; sides of thorax rather strongly shaded with brown dots; fins yellowish white. The black color
of the lower half of the caudal, which fin is not forked, is very distinctive.

One specimen from Apia, length 1.75 inches.

498. Amia zosterophora (Bleeker). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
499. Amia leptacantha (Bleeker). New Guinea (Macleay); Kast Indies.
500. Amia nematophora (Bleeker). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

501. Amia cookii (Macleay). New Guinea.
Apogon cookii Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S. W., v, 1884, 324, New Guinea.

502. Amia hyalosoma (Bleeker). Puinepet I.; East Indies.
508. Amia erythrina (Snyder). Hawaii; Samoa.

Of this small species we have seven examples from Apia and Pago Pago. It is clear red in life,
often with scattered paler spots, and some dark shading. Our specimens agree well with those from
Hawaii.

A specimen from Pago Pago in life was all deep vermilion red. One from Apia was all bright red,
a dusky blotch on opercle, dusky shades along base of first dorsal and on top of head; no markings.

504. Amia doryssa Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.
Apogon hypselonotus, Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 20, South Seas; not of Bleeker.

Head 2.60 in length; depth 2.95; eye 2.85; dorsal vi-1, 9; anal m1, 8; scales 2-26-6; interorbital
equal to snout. ;

Body oblong, compresssed, its greatest depth at origin of dorsal; body and head scaled; caudal
peduncle long, 1.20 in head, its depth 2.95; jaws about even, the under one scarcely as long as upper;
maxillary 1.95 in head, its distal end under posterior margin of pupil; bands of minute villiform teeth
on jaws, vomer and palatines; gillrakers sharp pointed, 12 on lower limb, the longest less than pupil;
opercle with three small spine-like projections on posterior margin; both limbs of preopercle with
small denticulations; anterior part of lateral line with strong oblique curve under hase of soft dorsal;
second (upright) spine of dorsal very strong, flat, and sabre-like, its length equal to distance from
anterior margin of eye to posterior margin of opercle; shape of the spinous dorsal that of an acute
triangle, the base of which is 1.75 in its length; base of soft dorsal equal to orbit; the spine of soft
dorsal slightly longer than base of fin, the fin rounded, its longest ray equal to distance from middle
of eye to posterior margin of opercle; base of anal 1.50 in length of longest ray; ventrals below base
of pectoral, their length 1.50 in head, their tips reaching to base of anal; pectoral 1.40 in head, extend-
ing to a line with sixth anal ray; caudal bilobed, the longest ray equal to distance from anterior
margin of orbit to posterior edge of opercle.

Color in life, light brick-red, fins a little darker; no trace of markings. Color in spirits, yellowish
white, some black shading at base of spinous dorsal; a few small dusky blotches on upper part of
opercle; fins without markings.

246 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Three specimens from Apia. The type is no. 51812, U. S. National Museum; length 1.87 inches.

Dr. Giinther identifies his specimens, apparently similar, with Apogon hypselonotus, but Dr. Bleeker
is apparently correct in regarding the species of the South Seas as distinct. The species resembles
Amia erythrina, but the dorsal spines are stronger and longer than in the latter, and the physiognomy
is different.

Fic. 39.—Amia doryssa Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

505. Amia lateralis (Valenciennes). Samoa; Vanicolo.
Apogon lateralis Valenciennes, Nouy. Ann. Hist. Nat., I, 58, 1832, Vanicolo.
Head @ 2.40 in length; depth 2.75; eye 3.75 in head; snout 4; dorsal vi-s, 9; anal 1, 8; scales,
1.5-26-5; interorbital scarcely equal to eye.

de

Fic. 40.—Amia lateralis (Valenciennes).

Body oblong, compressed, and somewhat elevated; mouth large; maxillary 2.15 in head, its distal
end under posterior margin of pupil; teeth in villiform bands on jaws; vomer and palatines; cheek
scaled; preopercle with the outer limb very slightly denticulate, the teeth finer above, the inner limb

aIncluding opercular flap in all descriptions of Ambassis and Amia.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. Q47

entire; gill-rakers strong, blunt, and finely denticulate, the longest two-thirds as long as pupil, 17 on
lower limb; second dorsal spine longest, 2.20 in head; longest ray of soft dorsal, 2 in head, its base 3;
caudal emarginate, the lobes rounded; base of anal, 3 in head, its longest ray, 2.50, the spines small;
pectoral extending to a line with sixth dorsal ray, 1.75 in head; insertion of ventrals slightly in advance
of base of pectoral, their tip extending to anal opening, their length equal to postocular part of head.

Color in spirits, dull yellowish white with a slight wash of brown; everywhere punctulate with
indistinct minute dark dots the size of pin pricks; a narrow and distinct line of brown from posterior
margin of opercle to base of caudal, where it terminates in a small round black dot about half the size
of pupil; a short black line from posterior margin of eye to near posterior margin of opercle, a dusky
blotch above this at upper end of preopercle and including the upper portion of orbit and eye; a more
or less distinct dusky line from anterior of orbit down side of snout; dorsal fin with anterior spine,
dusky black at tip; other fins white; opercle gilt.

Twenty-six specimens from Apia. The specimen described is 3 inches long.

This species is rather common in the sluggish waters at the mouths of the streamsof Apia. From
the other Samoan species it may be known by its strong likeness to the species of Ambassis, among
which it is often found. It has always a small black spot at base of caudal and a low spinous dorsal,
the long spine barely reaching base of second dorsal when compressed.

MIONORUS Krefft. J.

This genus has the lateral line complete, the palatine provided with teeth, and the two limbs of
the preopercle both strictly entire. In M. graffei the body is short and greatly compressed, and
the dorsals high. Other species provisionally referred to the same genus (waikiki, carinatus, glaga, ete. )
have the genera! form of Amia.

Fic. 41.—Mionorus greffei (Giinther).

506. Mionorus greeffei (Giinther). Samoa; Marshall Is.
Apogon grxffei Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 22, taf. 20, fig. E, 1873, Boston I. (Marshall Is.). Streets, Bull. U.S.
Nat. Mus., vil, 101, 1877, Samoa.
Of this pretty species we have two specimens from Apia, and ten from Pago Pago. The greatly
compressed body and elongate whip-like spine are characteristic.

248 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Color in life of a specimen from Apia, translucent, with orange shades on head; fins plain pin‘,
the spinous dorsal dark-edged; no stripes or spots; very deep and much compressed; second dorsal
spine filamentous, reaching past middle of soft dorsal.

A specimen from Pago Pago in life was light pinkish olive; no spot or bar of black; two golden
bronze cross-streaks behind head; two on opercle and two or three similar streaks radiating from eye;
astreak of dark points along middle line of back; first dorsal dusky, the long whip-like produced
spine black; other fins plain pink, the caudal faintly dark-edged. Caudal well forked; preopercle
serrate.

The other specimen from Apia, with body very deep, was translucent olive, paler below, silvery
on side; a dark streak along base of dorsal; four vertical bars of bright golden bronze behind eye on
opercle and front of body, these not much above or below leyel of large eye; upper fins pale orange;
lower pale red; pectoral colorless. Scales very large; dorsal filamentous; anal 1, 10.

507. Mionorus waikiki (Jordan & Evermann). Hawaii.

FOA Jordan & Evermann. I’.

Foa Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., xxi, 1903 (July 29, 1905), 210 (type
Fowleria brachygramma).

This genus is characterized by the entire preopercle, incomplete lateral line and by the presence
of teeth on the palatines. The species are all very small in size, and they live in crevices of coral reefs.

Anialysis of species of Toa.
a. Operele without black spot.
bwBodysand:fins:plain pale rss caeccecestece ons cise eee ie nicl oe slotelateeie ot ae SS eee Te oe ae Se eee eee eee eee brachygramma
bb. Body much mottled; fins mottled.
c. Head very large; back with broad diffuse dark cross-shades .....-...-..----------- ae ene eee fo
cc. Headimoderate;snobroadiblackishicross-banGSisjases secon cece cisceee cise ene see eee eee eee eee vaiule

508. Foa brachygramma (Jenkins). Hawaii.

Fic. 42.—Foa fo Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

509. Foa fo Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 2.20 in length; depth 2.50; eye 3.75 in head; snout 4.75 in head; dorsal vi-1, 9; anal 11, 8;
scales 1-21-6; lateral line discontinued at the ninth scale from head; interobital equal to snout.

Body oblong, compressed, rather deep; body, cheeks and opercles scaled; caudal peduncle rather
short and strong, its depth 1.50 in its length, which is 1.70 in head; mouth large, the jaws equal; pre-
maxillary equal to postocular part of head; bands of minute teeth in jaws, vomer and palatine; opercle
entire; preopercle with both limbs very minutely denticulate, the denticulations being hidden under
the scales; gillrakers not very sharp, rather strong, 12 on lower limb, the longest less than length of
pupil; base of spinous dorsal slightly greater than its height, which is 2 in head; base of soft dorsal

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 249

3 in head, its height 1.90 in head; anal base about equal to eye, its longest ray 3 in head; pectorals
1.75 in head, extending to below middle of soft dorsal; ventral inserted directly below base of pectoral,
its length 1.75 in head; caudal rounded, 1.50 in head.

Color in spirits, yellowish white, the scales shaded more or less with light brown; five diffuse,
irregular vertical cross-bands of dusky, the first in front of dorsal, the second from middle of spinous
dorsal, the third from base of soft dorsal, the two posterior ones encircling caudal peduncle; there is
also a more or less distinct dusky area on nuchal region; dusky cross-shades under chin; the fins,
except pectorals, all more or less indistinctly blotched with dusky, the spinous dorsal being black at
tip with a lighter area in middle and dusky at base; anal shows indications of three or four darker
cross-shades; ventral dusky; a dark spot on opercle, just posterior to eye; upper portion of orbital
and snout shaded with dusky.

Of this species, well distinguished by its large head, blackish cross-bands, and by the absence of
opercular spot, we have one specimen from Apia, the type, no. 51735, U. S. National Museum, 1.50
inches long. We have also 2 specimens from the Philippines. Jo is the Samoan name of all species
of Amia and related genera.

510. Foa vaiule Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 2.50in length; depth 3; eye 3 in head; snout equal to interorbital; dorsal vii-r, 9; anal 11, 7;
scales 2-21-6; lateral line continued only to tenth scale from head.

Fia. 43.—Foa vaiule Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

Body oblong, compressed; body, cheeks, and opercles scaled; caudal peduncle rather strong, its
depth 1.75 in its length, which is 1.50 in head; mouth large; jaws equal; maxillary 1.85 in head, its
distal end under posterior third of eye; bands of minute teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; opercle
entire; preopercle with very minute denticulations on each limb; gillrakers rather strong at base,
sharp-pointed, the longest about two-thirds width of pupil, 7 developed on lower limb; spinous dorsal
rounded, its base equal to its height; base of soft dorsal 3 in head, rounded, its longest ray 2.20; base
of anal 3.50, its longest ray 2.18; pectoral 1.75, reaching anterior base of soft dorsal; ventral 1.80,
its tip not reaching base of anal, their insertion below base of pectoral; caudal square, its length
1.95 in head. -

Color in spirits, yellowish white, each scale shaded by numerous fine brown dots like pin pricks,
darker on nuchal region, with a small but distinct black spot above opercle at origin of lateral line;
some dark shadings on opercle and cheek behind and below eye; pectoral yellow, all the other fins
shaded more or less with small brown dots, darkest on spinous dorsal, which also has black blotches
between third and fifth spines at tip of fin and at the base; on caudal fin the dots form three irregular
bands. This species is mottled somewhat as in Apogonichthys marmoratus, but is without opercular spot.

One specimen, type, no. 51734, U. S. National Museum, from Apia, length 1.20 inches. Named
for the fisherman Vaiula, of Apia.

B. B. F.1905—17

250 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

APOGONICHTHYS Bleeker. Jo.

Fowleria Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., xx, 1902 (Apr. 11, 1903), 180 (awritus).

This genus is based on a species, Apogon auritus Cuvier & Valenciennes, which we have not seen.
It is, however, very closely related to three Samoan species, with which it is doubtless congeneric.
These species differ from the group called Joa in having no teeth on the palatines. In all of them there
is a large black ocellus on the opercle, and the lateral line, although interrupted, shows rudimentary
pores on the caudal peduncle.
a. Opercle with a large ocellated black spot.

b. Body mottled with dusky; fins all closely chequered; lower side of head chequered .....-......--.----.--. variegatus
bb. Body deep red in life, with many pale cross-bands; fins faintly mottled; caudal blackish at tip........-- marmoratus
bbb. Body brown; a distinct black spot at base of many scales, forming lines; fins plain .......-.....--....---- isostigma

511. Apogonichthys variegatus (Valenciennes). Samoa; Tahiti; Yap; Ile de France.
2Apogon auritus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vu, 443, 1831, Ile de France; color plain, fins plain, an
opercular spot.
Apogon variegatus Valenciennes, Ann. Sci. Nat., 1, 1832, 55, Ile de France; body and fins mottled; an opercular spot.
Apogon auritus, Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 23, Tahiti, Yap. Day, Fishesof India, Streets, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Vil, 1877, 100, Samoa. Sauvage, Fish. Madagascar, 141, not plate.

This species is common on the reefs about Samoa. We have fen examples from Apia and twenty
from Pago Pago. It is well figured by Day as Apogon auritus, but the original auritus is said to have
the fins plain. There is a black opercular spot, and the body and fins are everywhere closely mottled
with light and blackish. The vertical fins especially are finely marked, the pattern suggesting that of
the fins of some gobies.

This species may be the original Apogon auritus, but it can not be identified as that without
comparison with the original type. Apogon punctulatus of Rippell and A. polystigma of Bleeker may
be the true auritus. At any rate, the figures diverge widely from our fish. The description of A.
auritus of Sauvage approaches it, but his figure looks much like Moa brachygramma. -

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, body everywhere much mottled, blackish, and gray; all the
fins save the ventrals elaborately spotted and barred; jaws barred and mottled; a black ocellus on the
opercle.

Another specimen from Apia was dirty olive-brown; opercle with a black pale-edged ocellus, very
large and conspicuous; fins all much like the body, brown and mottled; caudal rounded.

S$

Fic. 44.—Apogonichthys marmoratus (Alleyne & Macleay).

512. Apogonichthys marmoratus (Alleyne & Macleay). Fo mumu (red). Samoa; North
Australia. : ;
Apogonichthys marmoratus Alleyne & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., 1876, 268, pl. v, fig. 2, Cape Grenville
(North Australia).
Of this species, distinguished by its clear red color, black opercular spot, and the body covered
with pale crossbands, we have three specimens from Pago Pago, and ten from Apia. It is well sepa-
rated from Apogonichthys variegatus. The little figure given by Alleyne and Macleay is characteristic. _

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 25!

Life colors of one specimen .rom Pago Pago, light clear brownish red, the ground-color forming
about nine distinct crossbars on the body, about twice as broad as the pale olive interspaces; head
mottled; a large black spot on opercle, washed with golden and surrounded by a golden ring, this spot
two-thirds diameter of eye and covering most of the bone; fins all very bright cardinal red, the caudal
with an irregular black shade at tip. Caudal rounded. Length 23 inches.

513. Apogonichthys isostigma Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 2.55 in length; depth 3; eye 4 in head; snout equal to eye; dorsal vir-t, 9; anal 11, 8; scales
2-22-6, the lateral line interrupted; interorbital less than snout, 1.75 in orbit.

Body oblong, compressed, scaled, the scales covering cheeks and opercles; depth of caudal pedun-
cle 1.30 in its length; mouth large, the lower jaw slightly the shorter; maxillary 2 in head, its distal end
under posterior margin of orbit, the distal width being greater than pupil; teeth in villiform bands
on jaws and yomer, no teeth on palatines; opercle entire; preopercle apparently entire, but with a few
slight serrations at angle hidden under the skin; gillrakers short, the longest 2 in pupil, blunt, ending
in a prickly knob, 7 developed on lower limb; base of spinous dorsal equal to its height, which is 2.10
in length of head; base of soft dorsal 1.50 in its longest ray, which is 2 in head; ventrals do not reach
to the anal, their length 1.75 in head, their insertion directly below base of pectoral; pectoral 1.50 in
head, terminating at the seventh round black spot on side; caudal rounded, 1.40 in head.

Fie. 45.—Apogonichthys isostigma Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

Color in spirits, light brown, with about five rows of distinct round dots forming the center of
scales along the sides, two of these lines with their origin at axil of pectoral and extending to caudal,
one with its origin at posterior tip of opercle and extending to caudal, the other two usually extending
from near middle of fish to caudal (very old examples show a few other scattered dots over the body);
a large, black, white-edged spot on opercle, a more or less distinct dusky area extending from eye back
to this spot; a narrow black line from lower part of orbit across cheek; top of head and snout dusky,
a narrow dark line across opercle just above the black spot; all the fins except pectorals have a wash
of dusky, the caudal being almost black; pectoral yellowish white.

Life colors of one specimen plain dark brown, each scale with a darker spot, these forming dark streaks
along scales, but no marblings; large opercular ocellus with a golden edge; fins dark brown, unspotted.

This species has the large opercular ocellus found in Apogonichthys auritus, polystigina, variegatus
and marmoratus. The body is, however, marked with large distinct spots, about one on each scale,
arranged in regular lines; the fins are dusky but unspotted, and there is an oblique dark line below
and behind the eye.

The species is nearest Apogonichthys polystigma Bleeker, but it does not seem to agree with Bleeker’s
account. It is not unlikely that Bleeker’s fish is the original Apogon auritus. It is certainly different
from Apogonichthys variegatus. Apogon aurilus Seale (Bishop Mus. 1901, 76) from Guam, must be the
present species.

Nine specimens from Apia. The type is no. 51736, U. S. National Museum, and is 2.67 inches long.

252 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

ARCHAMIA Gill.

514. Archamia lineolata (Ehrenberg). #0. Samoa; Vanicolo; East Indies. (Pl. xxxvim, fig. 1.)

Apogon lineolatus Ehrenberg in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 160, 1828, Red Sea. (Anal II, 14.)
Apogon macroplerus Kuhl & Van Hasselt in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 160, Java. (Anal 1, 13.)
Apogon ceylonicus Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., 111, 491, Ceylon. (Anal 11, 13.)

Apogon argenteus Valenciennes, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. 1832, 60. Vanicolo. (Anal It, 14.)

Apogon fucatus Cantor, Cat. Malay., 4, 1850, Penang. (Anal 1, 16.)

Apogon notatus Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, 936, Madras. (Anal II, 16.)

This species is very abundant about the reefs of Samoa. We have about twenty specimens from
Pago Pago and forty from Apia. We find no specimens with fewer than 16 soft rays in the anal fin.
Possibly two species (fucatus and lineolatus) have been confounded, the latter with fewer rays.

The species is subject to considerable variation. The delicate orange cross-streaks characteristic
in life mostly fade in spirits. Only in the very largest specimens is a large black scapular spot distinct;
usually there is no trace of it. In some specimens there is a round black spot at base of caudal; in
most there is Only a diffuse black blotch or cluster of black points. In some the sides of the head
are profusely speckled, in others clear silvery. All show a faint silvery horizontal streak just before
and just behind eye. In all the body is deep, but there is considerable variation. The variations in
color are somewhat parallel with those in Amia savayensis.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, light soiled pinkish olive, with many dark specks; sides
silvery; body with 18 narrow curved cross-streaks of bronze orange. <A large black blotch covering
whole side of tail; scapular spot obsolete; fins all light rosy. Depth 2.25 to 2.50 in length.

Another specimen from Apia was light clear pink; about 15 narrow curved cross-streaks of bright
rosy, some golden on cheek; a blackish stripe across eye and cheek; a rdund black spot on scapular
region, and a larger and blacker one on tail at middle of base of caudal; fins all rosy, the caudal dusky
shaded; iris golden, before and behind.

PARAMIA Bleeker.
( Cheilodipterus Cuvier & Valenciennes; not of Lacépéde. )

515. Paramia quinquelineata (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Mata uliuli. Samoa; New Guinea; Raia-
tea and Nukahiva (Seale)

This species is abundant about Samoa. We have about 40 examples from Apia and Pago Pago.
The species is known at once by the black streaks, about 5 in number, which do not quite reach a
black caudal spot which is in the center of a golden area.

Life colors of aspecimen from Pago Pago, brownish, with about 5 stripes of black; a yellow ocellus
around a black spot at the base of caudal.

A specimen from Apia was translucent olive; a round jet black spot at base of caudal with a broad
golden yellow border; six black stripes along side; fins dirty translucent, the dorsal darker in front;
ventral pinkish; no other red.

516. Paramia macrodon (Lacépéde). Tuganini. New Guinea (Macleay); Samoa; East Indies.
(Cheilodipterus octovittatus Cuvier & Valenciennes.)

This large species, reaching a length of eight inches, is rather common at Samoa. We have about
twenty specimens from Apia and Samoa. It is known by the diffuse black caudal blotch and by the
presence of about eight dark stripes on each side.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, pale translucent olive; with 7 to 9 streaks of soiled bronze,
as wide as interspaces, the middle stripes plainer; one on middle line before dorsal; 7 on head besides
a black band through eye; a broad diffuse black bar at base of caudal; fins all reddish, dusky shaded.

A larger example shows the streaks but faintly; first dorsal and ventrals tipped with black;
caudal irregularly black-edged.

517. Paramia truncata (Ginther). Misol.
Cheilodipterus truncatus Giinther, Cruise Curacao, 1872, 418, Misol.

SYNAGROPS Gunther.

518. Synagrops argyrea (Gilbert). Deep seas of Hawaii.

~ THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 253

Family AMBASSIDA.
AMBASSIS Lacépede.

Ambassis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 1829 (ambassis).

The generic name Chanda has priority oyer Ambassis, as Cantor and Waite have recognized, but
Fowler, the first reviser of Chanda, has made its type identical with the type of Bleeker’s genus
Pseudambassis. Pending a final agreement on the rule of nomenclature goyerning this case, we may
follow Fowler’s arrangement.

Ambassis, or Chanda, is characterized among related genera by the serrated preorbital, small teeth,
large scales, complete laterai line, and the presence of about ten rays in the dorsal fin. A procumbent
dorsal spine is always present, but in the Samoan species it is very small and concealed in the flesh.
The weakness of this spine defines the genus Pseudoambassis of Castelnau, a group which we think
inseparable from Ambassis. Pseudambassis of Bleeker is apparently a valid genus, with long anal fin
and small seales. Priopis Kuhl & Van Hasselt differs from Aspro in the interrupted lateral line.

Hamilton-Buchanan’s Chanda (ovata=nama), which is the same as Bogoda Bleeker, is character-
ized by the uninterrupted lateral line, small scales, and strong curved canines. Parambassis Bleeker,
with canine teeth and a short anal fin, is apparently a valid genus. :

519. Ambassis lafa Jordan & Seale, new species. Lafa. Samoa.

Head 2.60 in length; depth equal to head; eye 3.45 in head; snout 5; dorsal vu, 1, 10; anal ur, 11,
scales 3-31-6; interorbital 4.

Fic. 46.—Ambassis lafa Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

Body oblong, compressed, slightly elevated; profile of head slightly concave over eye; body,
opercles, and cheeks scaled; mouth rather large; maxillary 2.75 in head, its distal end under anterior
margin of pupil; lower jaw slightly the longer, minute villiform teeth in jaw, vomer and palatines,
the inner row in jaws depressible, tongue smooth; gillrakers pointed, equal to width of pupil, 20 on
lower limb; opercle entire; preopercle with flat spine at angle and the lower limb only serrated, the
outer limb strongly denticulate below; depth of caudal peduncle greater than length of maxillary, 2.25
in head; second upright dorsal spine the longest and strongest, 1.50 in head; connection of soft with
spinous dorsal very narrow, less than width of pupil; spine of soft dorsal 2.25 in head, the longest ray
2 in head; base of anal equal to distance from middle of eye to posterior tip of opercle, its longest ray
equal to longest ray of dorsal; pectoral equal to distance from anterior of eye to posterior tip of opercle;
ventral equal to base of anal; length of third anal spine 2.30 in head, the second but little shorter, the
first very small; caudal deeply forked, its lobes about equal to head; the ventrals are slightly in.
advance of base of pectorals. Lateral line continuous.

Color in life yellowish white, darker aboye, the margins of each scale being shaded with minute
brown dots; a dark line from base of caudal along median line of body, fading out near the oper-
cle; tip of snout, upper part of snout, interorbital, and upper half of eye dusky; dusky shading

254 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

on first web of spinous dorsal; all the fins more or less punctulate with minute brown dots like pin
points; opercle gilt; lower half of eye golden yellow; darker shadings along base of dorsal and anal,
and a dusky line on under side of caudal peduncle, more distinct in the young, in which the line
extends along the belly.

Color in life of a specimen from fresh water at mouth of Vaisigano River, Apia, olive, sides silvery,
with a silvery lateral stripe; scales all dark-edged; fins dirty olive, with no trace of red markings,
except that front of spinous dorsal is marked with dull orange.

This species is very abundant in the lower waters of the Vaisigano River and other streams of
Upolu. We have upwards of a hundred specimens. The spinous dorsal is high, the spine reaching
middle of second dorsal.

Type no. 51818, U. S. Nationel Museum, a specimen 3.69 inches long, from near mouth of Vaisi-
gano River, Apia. ’

520. Ambassis vaivasensis Jordan & Seale, new species. Lafa. Samoa.

Head 2.75 in length; depth equal to head; eye 3.10 in head; dorsal vir-1, 9; anal 1, 9; scales
2-27-5; interorbital 4; snout 1.50 in eye. ; j

Z = Wy
NY

Fig. 47—Ambassis vaivasensis Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

Body oblong, compressed, scarcely elevated, the scales of moderate size, covering opercles and
cheeks; mouth large; profile of head slightly concave over middle of eye; maxillary 2.75 in head, its
distal end under anterior margin of pupil; lower jaw slightly the longer; bands of villiform teeth in
jaws, vomer and palatines, the inner series in jaws depressible; gillrakers rather slim, sharp-pointed,
longest equal to pupil, 24 on lower limb; opercle entire, ending in a sharp-pointed flap; preopercle
with flat spine at angle and denticulated on its lower limb; lower margin of outer limb of preopercle
toothed; depth of caudal peduncle equal to length of maxillary; second (upright) spine of dorsal the
longest and very strong, 1.40 in head; connection of soft with spinous dorsal very narrow, about one-
half width of pupil; spine of second dorsal 2 in head, the longest ray 1.75; caudal deeply forked, the
lobes pointed, the longest ray 2.50 in length; base of anal equal to distance from middle of eye to
posterior tip of opercle, its longest ray equal to longest ray of dorsal; of the three anal spines the first
is very short, the second is long, 2 in head, the third is the longest, 1.80; pectoral reaching to a line
with second dorsal ray, 3 in total length; base of ventrals directly over base of pectorals, length
1.50 in head; lateral line continuous.

Color in spirits, yellowish white, the back and upper part of sides slightly shaded with minute
punctulations of brown; a silvery band along the median line of side from posterior margin of opercle
to caudal, the band becoming more distinct posteriorly with a slight shading of brown; tip and first
membrane of spinous dorsal shaded with dusky; base of caudal with slight shading of dusky, other
fins white without markings; opercles gilt; upper part of orbit and eye dusky, lower part golden.
The side is marked by a silvery streak with no caudal spot or crossbar.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 255

This species is rather common in the Vaisigano, Vaivase, and other streams of Upolu.
Thirty-one specimens from Apia, Samoa. The type is no.-51819, U. S. National Museum, from
Vaivase River, Apia; length 2.50 inches.

521. Ambassis miops Giinther. Rarotonga.

Ambassis miops Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1871, 655, streams of Rarotonga.

522. Ambassis gigas (Ramsay & Ogilby). Streams of New Guinea.

Ambassis gigas Ramsey & Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1886, 9, New Guinea.

523. Ambassis macracanthus (Bleeker). Streams of New Guinea (Macleay); Jaya.

PRIOPIS Kuhl & Van Hasselt.
524. Priopis papuensis (Alleyne & Macleay). Streams of New Guinea.
Ambassis papuensis Alleyne & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1876, 267.
525. Priopis agrammus (Giinther). New Guinea (Ramsay & Ogilby); North Australia.
Ambassis agrammus Giintbher, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, 57, Cape York.

TETRACENTRUM Macleay.

Dorsal fin continuous; anal spines four. Otherwise resembling Amia ( Apogon).

526. Tetracentrum apogonoides Macleay. Streams of New Guinea.
Tetracentrum apogonoides Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1883, 256, Goldie R. (New Guinea).

Family KUHLUDA.

KUHLIA Gill.

527. Kuhlia rupestris (Lacépéde). Sesele. Samoa; Guam; Vanicolo; Fiji; Tonga; Rodriguez;
Futuna; New Hebrides; Molicolo; New Guinea; Solomon Is.; Caroline Is.; Palau Is.; New
Caledonia; East Indies.

This species, which closely resembles the American black bass in form and habits, is very common
in all the rivers of Samoa, where it reaches a weight of 5 or 6 pounds. Many specimens were taken,
most of them from the deep swimming-pool in the Vaisigano River above Apia.

528. Kuhlia margimata (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Salele. Fiji; Tahiti; Samoa; Gilbert Is.;
Papua; Bonham I.; Misol; East Indies.

This species is found in the river mouths of Samoa, about a dozen specimens, mostly small, being
taken in the Vaisigano River at Apia.

529. Kuhlia urvillii Boulenger. South Pacific; locality unknown.

530. Kuhlia malo (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii; Tahiti; Tubuai; Paumotu Is. (Seale); Fiji;
Rodriguez; Laysan.

531. Kuhlia teniura (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Safole. Samoa; Johnston I.; Marcus I.; Tubuai;
Paumotu Is.; and Tahiti (Seale); East Indies; Galapagos Is.
This species, unlike the others of the genus, never enters fresh water, nor is it found about the
reefs. It frequents the ‘‘iron-bound,”’ or lava, coast in rather deep water. Our specimens, about a
dozen in number, were taken on the northwest shore of Tutuila, opposite Pago Pago.

532. Kuhlia caudovittata (Lacépéde). Tahiti.
Family SERRANIDA.
PLECTROPOMUS (Cuvier) Oken. (ates Cuvier & Valenciennes. )

533. Plectropomus calcarifer (Bloch). New Guinea (Macleay); Australia.

PIKEA Steindachner.

534. Pikea aurora Jordan & Evermann. Hawai.

256 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

CHORISTISTIUM Poey.

This genus has been hitherto known from a single species taken by Poey in Cuba, and named
Chorististium rubrum. The discovery of a second species is most interesting.

585. Chorististium susumi Jordan & Seale, new species. Susu umi. Samoa.

Head 2.55 in length; depth 3.40; eye 4.50 in head; dorsal vi-1, 10; anal 11, 8; scales 3-49-11; inter-
orbital equal to eye.

Body elongate, compressed; scales of moderate size, striated and ciliated, entirely covering head
and body; lateral line strongly curved, the straight portion 2 in curved; snout rather wide but acute;
the lower jaw slightly the longer; maxillary 2.40 in head, extending to posterior third of eye; a distinct
supplemental bone; mouth large, with broad bands of villiform teeth in jaws, vomer and palatines, the
inner row in jaws slightly longer and depressible; no teeth on tongue; gillrakers equal to one-half eye,
13 on lower limb; longest spine of dorsal 2.75 in head; distance between last dorsal spine and origin
of soft dorsal 4.50 in head; base of soft dorsal equal to depth of caudal peduncle, its margin somewhat
rounded, its longest ray 2 in head; caudal bilobed, its longest ray 2 in head; base of anal equal to

Fic. 48.—Chorististium susumi Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

iongest (2nd) anal spine; its longest ray 2.10 in head; pectoral equal to distance from middle of eye to
posterior margin of opercle; ventrals inserted directly below the base of pectorals, their length 1.55
in head; opercle armed with three flat spines, the two lower ones closest together; preopercle slightly
serrate. ‘

Color in spirits, light brown, with seven longitudinal lines of deeper brown on sides; four of these
lines arise from posterior margin of orbit and extend to or near base of caudal; the remaining three
seem to arise at margin of opercles and extend about toa line with axis of soft dorsal; fins all uniform
yellowish white.

Life colors of one specimen trom Apia, dark brown suffused with red, redder below and behind;
about seven olive-red stripes, very dark on body, these not extending much on head; fins all plain
bright cherry red.

Two specimens from the reef at Apia. The type is no. 51738, U.S. National Museum, 3.10 inches
long. é

CENTROGENYS Richardson.
586. Centrogenys waigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard). New Guinea; Australia; East Indies.
PARACANTHISTIUS Bleeker.
( Plectropoma Boulenger, not les Plectropomes of Cuvier = Plectropomus Oken. )

537. Paracanthistius maculatus (Bloch). Samoa; Louisiades; Fiji; Palau Is.; New Guinea
(Macleay); Faté (Seale).
One large example taken at Apia. It belongs to the form called leopardus, the body covered with
round blue dark-edged spots, none of them elongate. This is apparently not specifically distinct from
the true maculatus, in which these spots are larger, some o! them oblong or elongate.

538. Paracanthistius oligacanthus (Bleeker). Caroline I[s.; East Indies.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. Hal

ANYPERODON Ginther.

539. Anyperodon leucogrammicus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Gatala aleva. Samoa; Ponape;
Caroline Is.; New Hebrides; New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

Of this handsome species, 7 adult specimens were taken at Apia. Life colors of one of these, clear
olive-green, with 4 faint interrupted stripes of white, the second and third widened and distinct at
intervals, forming 2 white spots on side; lowest stripe very distinct across cheek; side with about 8
rows of bright orange-brown spots, not ocellated or reticulated; head with smaller spots; lower parts
of head coppery red; spinous dorsal olive with 3 rows of large orange spots; second dorsal, anal, and
caudal green, dorsal and anal with a spot at base of each ray; pectoral pale olive; ventral dusky olive,
both unspotted. Body elongate; caudal rounded; teeth in 2 rows below.

VARIOLA Swainson.

540. Variola louti (Forskal). I’a manaia. Tahiti; Samoa; Paumotu Is.; New Hebrides; Solomon
Is.; Marshall Is.; Faté (Seale).

Of this beautiful and widely diffused species, 10 specimens of different sizes were taken at Apia
and Pago Pago.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, greenish aboye, rosy below; upper spots clear violet;
lower lateral spots cherry-red; crimson on tail, the edges of spots dark, the spots largely lake; dorsal
deep red, with spots of violet and lake; caudal similar, similarly golden behind; pectoral purplish,
pale golden behind, violet spotted at base; ventral clear red, red spotted at base, tinged with golden
at tip; spots arranged in lines, the lateral spots oblong.

541. Variola flavimarginata (Riippell). Samoa; East Indies.

Serranus flavimarginatus Ruppell, Atlas Rothen Meeres, 109, 1828, Red Sea.
Variola flavimarginata, Bleeker, Verh. Ak, Amst., Iv, 9, 1873, East Indies. Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., vil, 23, tab.
CCLXXXIX, fig. 1.
Serranus melanotwnia Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Ned., 11, 1857, Amboina.
Of this rare species, overlooked by Dr. Boulenger, we haye one fine specimen from Apia. It has
the general form of Variola louti, but a very different coloration, there being a broad black band along

the upper part of the side.

Fic. 49.—Variola flavimarginata (Riippell).

Life colors, ground-color pinkish salmon, whiter region behind pectoral; a velvet blackish longi-
tudinal band, side above brownish salmon; spots whitish below and posteriorly; elsewhere purple-pink

with lake border.
CEPHALOPHOLIS Bloch & Schneider.

This genus, as here understood, differs from Epinephelus in haying but 9 dorsal spines. There is
considerable difference among the species in the form of the skull, but in this regard few of the Pacific
species have been examined. It here includes Mnneacentrus and Petrometopon of Gill, Menephorus of
Poey, and Bodianus Cuvier (not of Bloch).

258 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

542. Cephalopholis argus (Bloch). Gatala moana (blue spotted); Gatala uli; Vaiania. Samoa;
Hawaii; Borabora; New Guinea; Marquesas Is.; Papua; New Britain; Tahiti; Tubuai and
Rarotonga (Seale); East Indies.

Common about the reefs of Samoa. Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, dark gray all over,
with evenly disposed rather pale-blue spots with blackish edge; caudal with narrow white margin;
dorsal with very narrow white margin on posterior half; pectoral paler than body.

543. Cephalopholis miniatus (Forskal). Samoa (Boulenger); Apamana; New Guinea (Macleay);
New Britain (Peters); Shortland Is. (Seale).

544. Cephalopholis boenack (Bloch). New Guinea (Macleay).

545. Cephalopholis urodelus (Forster). Matwil. Tahiti; Kingsmill Is.; Harvey Is.; Paumotu
Is.; Samoa; Solomon Is.; New Guinea; Uene, Society Is.; Misol; New Hebrides; Micronesia;
Fanning Is.; Funafuti, Ellice Is.; Mangareva (Seale); East Indies.

Of this handsome species, 4 specimens were taken at Apia. Life colors of one, deep brick-red,
darker olivaceous on back, the posterior parts almost black, the belly and sides paler and brighter
red; head closely covered on sides with vermilion spots, the ground-color forming reticulations around
them; body spotted with small vermilion spots which are sparse and show faintly on the ground-
color; opercular flap olivaceous; dorsal dark red, the edge bright red, the narrow margin dusky; anal
similar but brighter, with broader margins; traces of vermilion spots; caudal red-black, very dark,
with two white cross-bands, converging behind, cutting off the dusky red corners; ventral vermilion
with a dark edge; pectoral vermilion at base, then blackish, the edge broadly dull orange.

Another specimen was brown, with yellow-greenish tinge; dorsal with two yellow-white spaces
interrupting brown, and with posterior third with yellow white edge; caudal with angulated trans-
verse yellow white bar, also narrower terminal bar yellow white; anal with one yellow white blotch;
ventral blackish brown; pectoral yellow white with brown blotch at base and two weakly indicated
brownish cross-bands; sides of body and head with creamy white blotches.

546. Cephalopholis leopardus (Lacépéde). Gatala uli. Samoa; Tahiti; Louisiades.

Of this species, 8 specimens were taken at Apia. Life colors of one of these, dark olive, with
round scarlet spots on side; a black opercular spot; a black spot on tail below axil of dorsal, a smaller
one behind it; dorsal reddish olive, with a scarlet margin; caudal with deep red convergent bands, a
yellow stripe within each, the outer margin whitish; anal mottled red and bluish with a broad scarlet
band and grayish edge; pectoral orange; ventral red; lips cream and olive mottled, reddish within.

547. Cephalopholis aurantius (Cuvier & Valenciennes). New Ireland; Louisiades; East Indies.
548. Cephalopholis sexmaculatus (Riippell). Tahiti; Paumotu Is.

549. Cephalopholis sonnerati (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Kingsmill I.; Palau Is.; East Indies.

EPINEPHELUS Bloch.

550. Epinephelus merra Bloch. Gatala; ’ Ata’ata pulepule. Samoa; Marcus I.; New Ireland
(Peters); Tahiti; Guam (Seale); Fiji; New Hebrides; Solomon Is.; New Guinea (Macleay).

This species is excessively common about the reefs of Samoa, the young living in every crevice,
by far outnumbering all other species of this family. About 50 specimens were preserved.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, very dark olive-brown, the ground-color reduced to hexag-
onal spots surrounded by whitish olive reticulations, which are broader and clearer below; spots on
head smaller; fins all similarly marked; edge of dorsal dusky, with a paler streak below. Gill-
rakers 12.

Another specimen from Apia was olivaceous, dark above, the spots dull orange with darker
centers; those on dorsal more orange, the interspaces grayish olive; maxillary, branchiostegals, and
belly also spotted. Gjill-rakers 12.

551. Epinephelus stellans (Richardson). Samoa; East Indies.

Of this species, apparently distinguished from Lpinephelus merra by the presence of small white
spots scattered over the body, among the larger dark ones, we have 3 examples from Samoa.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 259
552. Epinephelus demeli (Giinther). ’Uo’uo. Guam; Samoa; Norfolk I.; New Guinea; Solomon
Is. (Seale); Australia.

Of this species we have two large specimens from Apia. Life colors of one, yery dark olive with
many fine brown spots, gray reticulations around them on cheeks and jaws; five black irregular
blotches on back, and two below it; one blotch on back of tail; fins all mottled and barred obscurely,
reddish brown, olive and black. Ten gill-rakers.

The other specimen was olive-gray, closely covered with small dark brown spots which are larger
below; a large black blotch on back of tail; fins all dusky, all spotted like the body, pectoral paler.

553. Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forskal). Samoa; Marshall Is.; Tonga; Greenwich Is.; New
Guinea (Macleay, as Serranus microdon); East Indies.

Of this species, we have 6 specimens, large and small, from Apia. They agree fairly with
Bleeker’s plate.

Life colors of one specimen, olive, rather pale, with round brown spots which are narrower than
the interspaces; a dark brown moustache behind the maxillary; upper jaw spotted; a black saddle on
caudal peduncle; dorsal, caudal, and head spotted like body; caudal dusky behind with whitish edge;
anal similar, less spotted; ventral similar; caudal with smaller spots. Gill-rakers 12; preopercle
rounded, feebly notched and spined.

554. Epinephelus corallicola (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Samoa; Mortlock Is.; Caroline Is.; Green-
wich I.; Howland I.; New Guinea (Macleay).

Of this species, we have one example from Apia. It agrees fairly with Giinther’s figure of
Serranus howlandi.

Life colors, margin of caudal bright golden yellow, pectoral with margin weakly orange yellow,
body with flesh-brown polygonal blotches.

555. Epinephelus macrocephalus (Lacépéde). Kingsmill I.; Mortlock Is.; Ponape: Rodriguez;
East Indies; New Guinea (Macleay ).

556. Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch). Samoa; Papua; Marshall Is.; Caroline Is.; Shortland I.;
Paumotu Is. (Seale). :

Of this well-marked species, we have one young example from Apia.

557. Epinephelus fasciatus (Forskal). Louisiades; Tahiti; Paumotu Is.; New Britain; Bonham
I.; New Guinea; Mangareva (Seale); Japan; East Indies.

558. Epinephelus chlorocephalus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Tonga; East Indies.
559. Epinephelus australis (Castelnau). New Britain (Boulenger); Australia.
560. Epinephelus pachycentron (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Louisiades; Hast Indies.

561. Epinephelus summana (Forskal). Caroline Is.; New Guinea; Shortland I. (Seale); East
Indies.

562. Epinephelus megachir (Richardson). Louisiades; New Guinea (Alleyne & Macleay as
Serranus alatus); East Indies.

563. Epinephelus sexfasciatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Louisiades; Fast Indies.

564. Epinephelus tauvina (Forskal). Louisiades; Ponape; Palau Is.; East Indies.

565. Epinephelus quernus Seale. Hawaii.

566. Epinephelus undulosus (Quoy & Gaimard). Misol; Shortland I. (Seale); East Indies.
567. Epinephelus spiniger (Giinther). Marcus I. (Bryan & Herre, Bishop Mus., 11, 1903, 129).
568. Epinephelus ceruleopunctatus (Bloch). New Britain (Peters); East Indies.

569. Epinephelus socialis (Giinther). Tahiti; Kingsmill I.; Paumotu Is.; Samoa (Boulenger).

We did not find this species, recorded from Samoa by Dr. Boulenger.

260 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

570. Epinephelus magnificus (Macleay). New Guinea.

Serranus magnificus Macleay, Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S. W. 1883, 229, New Guinea,
571. Epinephelus albopunctatus (Boulenger). Marquesas Is.
572. Epinephelus goldiei (Macleay). New Guinea; New Caledonia,

Serranus goldiet Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1883, 226, New Guinea,

ODONTANTHIAS Bleeker.

673. Odontanthias fuscipinnis (Jenkins). Hawaii.
PSEUDANTHIAS Bleeker.

574. Pseudanthias kelloggi (Jordan & Evermann). Hawaii.
575. Pseudanthias hypselosomus (Bleeker). New Guinea.

576. Pseudanthias mortoni (Macleay). New Guinea.

Anthias mortoni Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1883, 253, Moresby I. (New Guinea).
ANTHIAS Bloch.

577. Anthias manadensis Bleeker. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

578. Anthias cheirospilos Bleeker. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
CAPRODON Schlegel.
579. Caprodon schlegeli Ginther. Hawaii; Japan.
GRAMMISTES Bloch & Schneider.

580. Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg). Samoa; Tahiti; Solomon Is.; New Guinea; New
Hebrides; Kingsmill I.; Marquesas Is. (Seale). (Pl. xxxvut, fig. 2.)

Two specimens from Apia. Life colors of one of these, black with 7 irregular stripes of pale
golden yellow; fins all dull reddish, the first dorsal dusky, the rest pale.

POGONOPERCA Ginther.
581. Pogonoperca ocellata Giinther. Tahiti; Misol; East Indies.
PHAROPTERYX Riippell.

Plesiops Cuvier, Régne Animal, 11, 266, 1817, repeated in 2d ed., 1828. (No type; no species
known at that time. )
Plesiops Oken, Isis, 1182, 1817; name only, after Cuvier.
Pharopteryx Ruppell, Atlas, 15, 1828 (nigricans).
Plesiops Ginther, Cat., 111, 363, 1861 (nigricans).
The name Plesiops, without specified type or reference to any species, no species of the genus
having been described at the time, should apparently give place to Pharopteryx.

582. Pharopteryx nigricans Riippell. Samoa; Tahiti; Tonga; Palau Is.; Gilbert Is.; Fiji; Solo-
mon Is. (Seale. )
Pharopteryx nigricans Riippell, Atlas, 15, pl. Iv, fig. 2, 1828, Red Sea.
Plesiops nigricans Riippell, N. W. Fische, 5, 1885. Bleeker, Atlas Ich., 1x, tab. cccxe, fig. 8. Giinther, Cat., 111, 363,
> Red Sea.

Plesiops ceruleolineatus Riippell, N. W. Fische, 5, 1835, Red Sea.

Plesiops corallicola Bleekér, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., Iv, 1853, 280. Gunther, Fische der Stidsee, 87, taf. 53, fig. B, Tahiti,
Tonga, Palau, Gilbert Is. Q

Plesiops nigricans Boulenger, Cat., 1, 340, Zanzibar, Ceylon, China, Andamans, Sumatra, Fiji, Tonga, Samoa
Micronesia.

This species is very abundant in the reefs of Apia and Pago Pago. About 100 specimens were
taken in the tide pools. Life colors of a specimen from Apia, black; head with sky-blue spots; a

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 261
black ocellus on opercle, with orange below it; fins all black; dorsal and caudal edged with white;
pectoral broadly edged with scarlet. Some (male) with sky blue spots in center of opercular ocellus,
and a sky-blue stripe along middle of dorsal and anal. Some with blue spots along whole of body.

583. Pharopteryx melas (Bleeker). Samoa; Savay; Kandavu; East Indies. (Pl. xxxvm, fig. 3.)
Plesiops melas Bleeker, Bali, 1849, 9, Bali.
Plesiops nigricans var. apoda Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1868, 54, Savay, Kandavu.

This species is very common in the tide pools on the reefs of Upolu and Tutuila. It is almost as
common as Pharopteryx nigricans, but it never reaches as large a size as that species. About 60 speci-
mens were taken. In life it is well distinguished by the broad scarlet edge of the spinous dorsal fin.
The body is without blue spots or lines and there are always 11 dorsal spines, while 12 are present in
all our specimens of P. nigricans. This leaves no doubt that P. apoda of Kner, based on a specimen
which had lost the ventral fins, is our species, but fortunately the well-chosen name giyen by Bleeker
is earlier.

Bleeker’s description of Plesiops melas evidently belongs to this species, and not to Pharopteryx
nigricans. He finds x1, 8 dorsal rays, and the color is diagnostic: ‘‘Corpore pinnisque omnibus
nigerrimo maculis vel vittis nulla; membrana pinnz dorsalis spinosze partze superiore tantum pellu-
cida.’”’ This clear margin to the dorsal is, however, in life flame red.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, dark, blackish brown to black; the whitish sides finely
spotted with black; dorsal with bright brick-red margin, then clear white, then broad dark-brown
base, with blue line and posteriorly several short blue linear spots; caudal with orange-yellow sub-
marginal band; blue lines in anal; ventral and pectoral pale smoky. In some specimens the caudal is
black, or has a dull orange intramarginal band.

Another specimen from the same locality was black, first dorsal scarlet, edged with blue stripes
on black below.

A specimen from Apia was black, iris and edge of dorsal spines scarlet; no opercular spot.

A third specimen from Pago Pago was all black, no ocellus; first dorsal edged with scarlet, a white
line below it; second dorsal and caudal not pale-edged; pectoral all black.

GRAMMATONOTUS Gilbert.

584. Grammatonotus laysanus Gilbert. Laysan.

Family PRIACANTHIDA.

PRIACANTHUS Cuvier. (Abuhamrur Forskal.)
585. Priacanthus cruentatus (Lacépéde). Mata-pula. Hawaii; Samoa; Tahiti; Caroline Is.; Japan;
West Indies; Clarion Is.

This species is common throughout the Pacific. It is rather common at Apia, where about a dozen
specimens were taken. It is also found at Hawaii.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, bright light red, silvery on sides; fins much the same;
dorsal, ana], and caudal with small round spots of deep red.

586. Priacanthus alalaua Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.

587. Priacanthus hamruhr (Forskal). New Guinea (Macleay); Solomon Is. (Seale); Japan; East
Indies.

588. Priacanthus meeki Jenkins. Hawaii.

Family LUTIANIDA.

LUTIANUS Bloch. (Hobar Forskal.)
589. Lutianus kasmira (Forskal). Tahiti; Samoa; Fiji; Louisiades; New Ireland; Guam; Marcus
I.; New Hebrides (Seale); Kast Indies.
( Holocentrus bengalensis Bloch. )
Two small specimens of this very widely distributed species were taken at Pago Pago. Life colors
of one of these, bright light golden olive with four bright blue stripes, darker edge; fins like the body,
paler at base; edge of spinous dorsal deep golden.

262 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

590. Lutianus czruleolineatus (Riippell). Marcus I. (Bryan & Herre); New Guinea (Macleay);
East Indies.
Mesoprion quinquelineatus Cuyier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 445; not of Bloch.

591. Lutianus gibbus (Forskal). Ti’ava; Malai; Malai pa’pae. Samoa; New Britain; Tahiti;
New Ireland; Waigiu; Papua; Borabora (as Mesoprion borensis Cuvier & Valenciennes);
Solomon Is. and New Hebrides (Seale); East Indies.

(Holocentrus boutton Lacépede; Diacope bottonensis Cuvier & Valenciennes. )
Ten large examples were taken at Apia and Pago Pago. The species is easily known by the deep
notch on the preopercle.
Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, dark olive green, the belly bright coppery red; each
scale with a fine pale blue-green spot, these forming continuous lines; head mostly coppery red;
‘caudal peduncle abruptly (obliquely) black behind dorsal; dorsal dark brown, the soft fin with white
edge, the soft rays black at base; caudal black at base, golden at tip, with a maroon stripe in each
lobe; anal coppery red with a black submarginal shade and a white edge; ventral coppery red, with
blackish shade; pectoral pale orange, the axil black.
A specimen from Apia was olive above, very bright coppery red below; faint pale streaks along
rows of scales; dorsal coppery red, dusky shaded at base, the edge yellow; anal dusky red, edged with
whitish; ventral similar to anal; pectoral light orange-red.

592. Lutianus bohar (Forskal). Mumea. Samoa; Tahiti; Paumotus; Solomon Is. (Seale); New
Guinea (Macleay); Marcus I. (Bryan & Herre); Thornton I. (Fowler); East Indies.

Two large examples were obtained at Pago Pago. This fish has the reputation of being always ~
poisonous, the only species not Plectognath of which this statement is made. The two round pale
spots below the dorsal fin are diagnostic.

Life colors, deep brick red everywhere, blackish on back, each scale with a whitish vertical spot,
these forming lines along the rows of scales which are very oblique above lateral line, horizontal
below; a dark dash along maxillary and behind it (in one specimen only); two rounded pale blotches
along base of soft dorsal; dorsal blackish maroon, a narrow pale edge; caudal dark maroon, a narrow
dark edge (the lower lobe longest, the fin deeply forked); anal darker red in front, with pale edge;
pectoral deep red above and in axil, pale below; ventral mesially blackish red, pale edge. Dorsal x,
13; anal m1, 8; scales 8-64; canines large.

598. Lutianus bidens (Macleay). New Guinea.
Genyoroge bidens Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1883, 230, New Guinea.
594. Lutianus argentimaculatus (Forskal). A’a
New Guinea (Macleay).
Mesoprion garretti Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 1873, 15, taf. 13, fig. B, Kingsmill I.

; Nanue. Samoa; Kingsmill I.; New Britain;

Of this species four fine specimens were taken at Apia. The largest, known as a’a, is nearly 2
feet in length. Two others still much larger were seen but not taken. The species bears a strong
superficial resemblance to Lutianus griseus of the Atlantic.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, olive, flushed with very dark coppery red; belly dark cop-
pery red; a narrow blue streak below eye; fins all deep coppery red; ventral and anal black towards
edge with pale anterior margin; caudal with a narrow black margin.

Another specimen from Apia, called ganue, had the colors of Lutianus griseus, the Atlantic species—
dull green, scales darker in center; lower parts, with all fins, more or less coppery red; anal pale-edged;
a blue streak below eye.

595. Lutianus olivaceus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Waigiu. Perhaps same as preceding.
596. Lutianus roseus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Ulea, Caroline Is.

Based on a drawing, a very doubtful species. Red; dorsal x1, 12, with blue spots. It also is
probably identical with Lutianus argentimaculatus.
597. Lutianus rivulatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Uiui; Nanue. Samoa; East Indies.

Of this well-marked species two fine specimens were taken at Apia. Life colors of one called
lanue, dark olive, each scale with a blue spot; belly coppery with blue stripes; head closely covered

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 268

with wavy streaks of bright blue; dorsal greenish yellow; caudal same, dusky toward tip, with dusky
edge; pectoral dusky, with pale edge; anal golden, the first soft rays dusky with narrow pale edge.

A specimen called vi’ui was clear olive green, bronze-orange on belly; each scale above with a
small round pale-blue spot; head brassy yellow, entirely covered with light clear-blue streaks and
vermiculations; maxillary yellow; fins all soiled yellow, brightest on edge.

598. Lutianus marginatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Taiva; Tagau; Tamala; Lanue; Nanue. Samoa;
Tahiti; Louisiades; Vanicolo; Oualan; Thornton I.; New Hebrides and Shortland I. (Seale) .

Of this species, by far the most abundant of the genus, about 40 specimens were preseryed—from
Apia and Pago Pago. Life colors were noted in various specimens as follows:

(1) Specimen from Apia called taiva. Olive above, each scale edged with brassy, the belly grad-
ually shaded to brassy orange; lower parts of head bright coppery; front of head dusky purplish,
brassy about eye; dorsal blood-red, paler at base, a narrow pale edge; caudal deep wine-color with a
pale edge; anal bright golden, the first soft rays darker; ventral pure golden, the first rays paler, the
last duller; pectoral golden, the lower rays paler.

(2), Specimen called tagau, from Apia. Golden olive; yellow below; lower side of head marbled
bluish gray and coppery red; dorsal scarlet, darker above, with a blackish stripe lengthwise and a
whitish edge; caudal deep wine-red with whitish edge; pectoral and ventral golden; anal yellow with
blackish and whitish edges.

(3) Specimen called tamala, from Apia. Brassy orange, bright on belly, coppery on lower part
of head, dusky greenish shaded on back; head bright scarlet below with blue streaks about sub- and
interopercle; dorsal scarlet with a broad black band and white edge; caudal dark wine-color, pale-
edged; anal golden, darker anteriorly, and pale edged; ventral deep golden; pectoral light yellow.

(4) Also called tamala, from Apia. Coppery red, rather pale, greenish above; each scale edged
with coppery; head deep coppery red, paler creamy red below with grayish shades; lower jaw gray;
no black spot; belly yellow; dorsal blackish red, very deep paler below; soft dorsal with pale edging;
caudal blackish red, edge paler; anal golden, deeper yellow anteriorly; ventral golden; pectoral trans-
parent olivaceous.

(5) Young specimen from Apia. Very pale olive, the sides silvery gray, unmarked, the lower
parts golden shaded; lower parts of head with blue and golden markings; dorsal fin pale at base, with
broad edging of maroon black, and a narrow white margin; caudal grayish; dark maroon distally, with
a white margin; lower fins all clear golden.

(6) From Apia. Olive green, belly orange, no spot; lower part of head scarlet over whitish;
dorsal red, first with pale middle; soft dorsal dark-edged; caudal deep wine color, with white edge;
ventral and anal golden; pectoral yellowish.

599. Lutianus unicolor (Alleyne & Macleay). Percy I.; New Guinea.
Genyoroge unicolor Alleyne & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1876, 266.
600. Lutianus semicinctus (Quoy & Gaimard). Waigiu; Rawak; New Guinea (Macleay); Kings-
mill I.; Fiji; East Indies.
601. Lutianus fulvus Forster. Tahiti; Guam.
602. Lutianus rufolineatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Fiji; Waigiu; Papua; East Indies.

Diacope rufolineata Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V1, 531, 1830, Papua.
Diacope vitianus Hombron & Jacquinot, Voy. Pole Sud, 37, taf. 2, fig. 2, Fiji.
Mesoprion amboinensis Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1, 259, Amboina.
Mesoprvion melanospilos Bleeker, op. cit., 750, Celebes.

603. Lutianus goldiei (Macleay). New Guinea.
Mesoprion goldiet Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1883, 233, New Guinea.

604. Lutianus parvidens (Macleay). New Guinea. (Macleay, op. cit., 234.)
605. Lutianus caudalis Cuvier & Valenciennes. Vanicolo.
606. Lutianus waigiensis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Waigiu; North Australia.

607. Lutianus marginipinnis (Macleay). New Guinea.
Mesoprion marginipinnis Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1888, 254, Normanby I. (New Guinea).

264 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

608. Lutianus sexfasciatus (Macleay). New Guinea.

609. Lutianus rubens (Macleay). New Guinea.
Mesoprion rubens Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1883, 232, New Guinea.

610. Lutianus flavipes (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Vanicolo; East Indies.
Diacope analis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v1, 534, 1830, Ile de France,
Diacope aurantiaca Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., VI, 535, 1880, Vanicolo.
611. Lutianus lineatus (Quoy & Gaimard). Samoa; Waigiu; Guam; Christmas I.; East Indies.

Serranus limbatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11,307, 1828,Guam.

Of this species we have 3 young specimens from the reef at Apia. They are reddish olive in
spirits, with about 6 yellowish stripes from the snout to base of caudal; dorsal dark-edged; caudal
dusky behind; notch on preopercle slight; tongue with teeth.

612. Lutianus vitta (Quoy & Gaimard). Waigiu; Louisiades; East Indies.
613. Lutianus chrysotzenia (Bleeker). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
614. Lutianus johni (Bloch). Tahiti (Gunther); East Indies.
615. Lutianus fulviflamma (Forskal). Fiji; New Guinea (Macleay); Faté (Seale); East Indies.
616. Lutianus monostigma (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Taiva uliuli; Vava sui; Feloitega; Samoa;
Tahiti; Kingsmill I.; Paumotu Is.; New Guinea (Macleay); Tubuai; Marquesas Is. and Faté
(Seale).
Mesoprion monostigma Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 446, 1828.
Lutianus lioglossus Bleeker, Atlas, v111, 70, tab. XLVI, fig. 4, 1877.

Of this well-marked species 12 fine specimens were taken at Apia. Life colors were noted in
various specimens as follows:

(1) Specimen from Apia called vava sui. Olive-green, scales on sides brassy; belly whitish tinged
with golden yellow; a small, well-defined black lateral spot; fins all golden-yellow; lips orange-red;
no stripe on head; axil dark. :

(2) Specimen called feloitega, from Apia. Color the same as in no. 1, with black axil spot, except
that lower parts are shaded with coppery red; jaws bright red; fins all deep yellow; seems same except
for red color.

(3) From Apia. Coppery red, the belly paler red, the back olive; a small jet-black lateral spot;
fins all bright orange yellow, the dorsal dark on edge, the soft dorsal paler; a pale streak below eye.

(4) Specimen called taiwa ul’ uli, from Pago Pago. Dull olive-green, without red shades; lateral
spot distinct; fins above yellow olive; below more yellow, verging on orange; soft dorsal, anal, and
ventral with pale edge; traces of bronze streaks along scales.

This species, often poisonous, is well distinguished by its small, well-defined lateral spot and the
absence of teeth on the tongue. It is well represented in Gunther’s plate (Fische der Stidsee, pl. 16),
except that in that plate the first soft ray of the dorsal is represented as a spine. In our judgment,
Ginther and Sauyage are right in identifying the menostigma of Cuvier & Valenciennes with Bleeker’s
lioglossus.

617. Lutianus erythropterus (Bloch). Guam; East Indies.
(Diacope lineolata Riippell. )

618. Lutianus russelli (Bleeker). Solomon Is. (Seale); East Indies.
619. Lutianus flaviroseus (De Vis). New Britain.
This species is unknown to us. It bears some resemblance to Lutianus monostigma, but has a faint
dark spot at base of caudal.
620. Lutianus ehrenbergi (Peters). New Ireland; New Britain; Kast Indies.
Mesoprion ehrenbergi Peters, Berl. Mon. 1869, 704, New Ireland, New Britain.
621. Lutianus aureovittatus (Macleay). Solomon Is.

This species is unknown to us. There is a large black blotch on the lateral line, and three golden
stripes along the lower part of the side.

622.

623.
624.

bo
for)
oO

THE FISHES OF SAMOA.

Lutianus adeti (Castelnau). New Caledonia.

Diacopus adeti Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc. Victoria, 111, 1873, New Caledonia.
Lutianus fuscescens (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Tahiti (Seale); East Indies; China.

Lutianus niger (Forskal). Samoa (Giinther); Papua; East Indies.

(Mesoprion macolor Cuvier & Valenciennes. )

This strongly marked species, the type of Bleeker’s genus Macolor, recorded from Samoa by Dr.
Giinther (Fische der Siidsee, p. 11) was not taken by us.

625.
626.
627.

628.
629.

630.

631.
632.

633.

634.
635.

636.

637.
638.
639.
640.
641.

642.

APRION Cuvier.
Aprion virescens (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii; Fiji; Tahiti; East Indies.
Aprion microdon Steindachner.
Aprion latifrons Kner. Fiji.
Sparopsis latifrons Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1868, 27, Fiji.
ETELIS Cuvier.

Etelis evurus Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.

Etelis marshi Jenkins. Hawaii.

CHETOPTERUS Schlegel.

Cheetopterus dubius Giinther. Hawaii; Japan.

(Bowersia ulaula Jordan & Evermann.)

ROOSEVELTIA Jordan & Evermann, new genus.

Rooseveltia Jordan & Evermann, new genus of Serranidee (Serranus brighami Seale).
Rooseveltia brighami (Seale). Hawaii.

Rooseveltia aloha (Jordan & Snyder). Hawaii.

BOWERSIA Jordan & Evermann.

Bowersia violescens Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.

(Apsilus microdon Jordan & Evermann; not Aprion microdon Steindachner.)

APHAREUS Cuvier.

Aphareus furcatus (Lacépéde). Tahiti; East Indies; Japan.

Aphareus flavivultus Jenkins. Hawaii.

SYMPHORUS Ginther.

Symphorus spilurus Giinther. Palau Is.

Symphorus spilurus Gunther, Fische der Sudsee, 61, taf. 47, 1873, Palau Is.

NEMIPTERUS Swainson. (Synagris Giinther.)
Nemipterus ruber (Cuvier & Valenciennes). New Guinea; ast Indies.
Nemipterus tolu (Cuvier & Valenciennes). New Guinea (Bleeker); Java.
Nemipterus waigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard). Waigiu; Rawak.
Nemipterus marginatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). New Guinea; East Indies.

Nemipterus tzniopterus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). New Guinea (Ogilby); Australia; India.
Dentex teniopterus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hust. Nat. Poiss., v1, 246, 1830, no locality.
Synagris notatus Day, Proc. Zool. Soe, 1870, 684, India.
Nemipterus furcosus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
B. B. F.1905—18

266 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

CZSIO Cuvier.

643. Ceesio ceerulaureus (Lacépéde). Samoa; New Guinea; Solomon Is. (Seale); East Indies.

This beautiful little fish is rather common in the coral reefs, about a dozen specimens being taken
at Apia. Life colors of one of these, clear light blue, very bright; a golden streak above’ eye and
above lateral line to base of caudal; dorsal dusky gray; caudal pink, with a black stripe along each
lobe; anal pinkish; ventral white; pectoral colorless, a black bar at base; a brownish mark behind eye.

644. Ceesio erythrogaster Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Guinea (Macleay).

645. Czsio lunaris Ehrenberg. New Ireland; New Guinea (Macleay); Solomon Is. (Seale).
646. Czsio chrysozonus Kuhl & Van Hasselt. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

647. Czesio argenteus (Bloch). Gilbert Is. (Gtinther); East Indies.

648. Cesio pisang Bleeker. New Guinea (Macleay).

PTEROCESIO Bleeker.

649. Pteroceesio tile (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Caroline Is.; Gilbert Is.; Tahiti; Tonga.

Family MANIDA.
ERYTHRICHTHYS Schlegel.
650. Erythrichthys schlegeli (Giinther). Hawaii; Japan.

TERAPON Cuvier.
(Djabub Forskal; Therapon Cuvier & Valenciennes. )

651. Terapon jarbua (Forskal). ’Ava’ava. Samoa; Fiji; New Britain; New Guinea; Solomon Is.
(Seale) .

(Holocentrus servus Bloch.)

This species is exceedingly common in tide waters at the river mouths in Samoa. We have about
40 specimens from the mouth of the Vaisigono River. It takes the hook readily.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, greenish gray, bands olive brown, those in caudal browner;
' first dorsal gray and olive; second dorsal, ventral, and anal creamy orange. Adults have the markings
more faint.

652. Terapon nasutus Macleay. New Guinea.
Therapon nasutus Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1884, 258, Normanby I. (New Guinea).

653. Terapon interruptus Macleay. New Guinea.
654. Terapon chalybeeus Macleay. New Guinea.
655. Terapon trimaculatus Macleay. Goldie River, New Guinea.
656. Terapon caudavittatus (Richardson). New Guinea (Macleay); Australia.
657. Terapon sexlineatus (Quoy & Gaimard). New Guinea; Australia; Timor.
658. Terapon oxyrhynchus Schlegel. Fiji (Ginther) ; Japan.
659. Terapon puta Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Britain; East Indies.
Therapon trivittatus De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W., vi1, 457, New Britain,

660. Terapon argenteus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Kandavu, Fiji (Kner).

Therapon argenteus Kner, Sitz. Ak, Wiss. Wien, 1868, 7, Kandavu.
661. Terapon unicolor Giinther. Kandavu, Fiji (Kner); Australia.

662. Terapon theraps Cuvier & Valenciennes. Caroline Is. (Gunther); East Indies.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 267

Family HAMULIDA.

PLECTORHYNCHUS Lacépede. ( Gaterin Forskal. )

Fowler separates from Plectorhynchus the species with large scales and 14 dorsal spines as Euela-
tichthys, and those with small scales and 10 dorsal spines as Spilotichthys. In Plectorhynchus (= Dia-
gramma) the scales are small and the dorsal spines mostly 12 (11 to 13). Further structural differences
have been noted by Waite and Ogilby (ms.).

668. Plectorhynchus diagramma (Lacépéde). ’Avwava moana. Samoa; Waigiu; Tahiti; New
Guinea (Macleay ).
(Diagramma lessoni Cuvier & Valenciennes; Diagramma lineatum Cuvier & Valenciennes; Plectorhynchus cuvieri
Bleeker.)

Of this strongly marked species we have two specimens from Apiaand Pago Pago. In one, about
nine inches long, the pale color is yellowish, the two median bands on the side coalescing over the
pectoral, and the dorsal and caudal fin being marked with black stripes and no spots; the pectoral fin
has a large black median spot. This specimen corresponds closely with the original figure of P. cuvierias
given by Bennett.

The other specimen is nearly two feet long. The pale markings are bluish gray, the stripes om
the side are all distinct, and the stripes on the dorsal and caudal are broken up into large round spots,
those on the caudal forming two cross-series. The pectoral fin is unspotted. This corresponds to the
figures of Plectorhynchus lessoni as given by Lesson, Giinther, and Bleeker. Bleeker’s figure of Plectorhyn-
chus cuvieri represents an intermediate stage. We have no doubt that these specimens belong to one
species, for which the tenable name is Plectorhynchus diagramma.

Life colors, young specimen from Apia, dark brown, belly white, side with five pure white stripes
of varying width with deep brown interspaces; head anteriorly washed with golden, the stripes
becoming yellow; dorsal striped, dark brown and light yellow; caudal redder brown and deep yellow
in elaborate stripes; anal yellow with two brown red stripes; ventral golden with dark spots, its axil
deep red; pectoral with a brown-red axil and basal bar, the fin yellow with a large black spot.

The Pago Pago specimen, adult, had eight dark brown longitudinal stripes on side (the eighth
weak); caudal bright yellow with about 30 subcircular brown blotches and margin dark brown;
dorsal yellowish like tail, with black brown margin and blotches; anal same; pectoral yellow with
red axil; ventrals yellow with red axil and brown markings on posterior aspect; ground-color of body
white with slight bluish tinge; the white interspaces on back strongly tinged with yellow.

664. Plectorhynchus orientalis (Bloch). Samoa (Ginther); East Indies.
Not found by us; perhaps representing a stage in growth of P. diagramma.

665. Plectorhynchus pica (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Tahiti; Fiji.

666. Plectorhynchus radja Bleeker. New Guinea (Macleay).

667. Plectorhynchus polytenia Bleeker. New Guinea (Macleay).

668. Plectorhynchus punctatissimus (Playfair). Tahiti; Seychelles.

Diagramma punctatissimum Playfair, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, 851, Seychelles. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 27, taf.
21, Society Is., on a figure of Garrett.
669. Plectorhynchus giganteus (Giinther). Ponape; Caroline Is.

Diagramma giganteum Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1879, 6, Ponape.

670. Plectorhynchus chetodonoides Lacépéde. I’a mai-moana. Samoa; Fiji (Giinther); East
Indies.

(Diagramma pardalis Kuhl & Van Hasselt; adult.)

One very large example, closely resembling the figure of the adult given by Dr. Bleeker, was taken
at Apia. Life colors, olive, closely covered above with hexagonal spots of dark brown, restricting
the pale olive-green ground color to reticulations; belly slate-color; all the fins spotted like the body,
the spots smaller, the pectoral spotted only on the inside; caudal with a gray and then a black
margin; membrane of jaws, inside of mouth, and the naked skin at opercular joints all bright
blood-red.

268 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

671. Plectorhynchus papuensis (Macleay). New Guinea.

Diagramma papuensis Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1888, 237.

672. Plectorhynchus hezmatochir (Bleeker). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
(Plectorhynchus goldmanni Bleeker. )

SPILOTICHTHYS Fowler.

673. Spilotichthys centurio (Cuvier & Valenciennes). New Guinea (Macleay); Seychelles.
674. Spilotichthys pictus (Thunberg). New Guinea (Bleeker); Fiji (Gunther); East Indies;
Japan.
EUVELATICHTHYS Fowler.

675. Euelatichthys crassispinus (Riippell). Misimisi. Samoa; East Indies.
Diagramma crassispinum Riippell, Neue Wirbelthiere, Fische, 125, taf. 30, fig. 4, 1835, Red Sea. Giinther, Cat.,
1, 319.
Diagramma gibbosus Hombron & Jacquinot, Voy. Sud Pole, 46, pl. 5, fig. 5, 1854. Glinther, Cat., 1, 319. Gitin-
ther, Fische der Siidsee, 26.
Diagramma affine Giinther, Cat., 1, 319, Australia, Moluccas, Amboina, Madras, China.

Of this species we have three large examples and one small one from Apia. The small specimen
has the caudal fin gray. In the others this fin is black. The small specimen and two of the large
ones have the soft dorsal covered with small blackish spots, Some of these spots are seen on the
caudal fin. In one specimen there are no distinct spots on the dorsal, and one faint one only at base
of caudal. These specimens certainly belong to the same species, and we see no reason for separating
the nominal species affine and gibbosus from it, although P. gibbosus, originally described from Samoa,
is said to have 13 spines. This may be an individual variation or an error in counting.

Life colors of a specimen from river mouth at Apia, blackish; caudal abruptly pale gray; round
black spots on dorsal, anal, and base of caudal; body unspotted; fins else blackish.

Another specimen from Apia, called misi misi, was dark olive, each scale with darker edge; pre-
opercle and opercle black-edged; fins all plain dusky, the edges blacker; a few small black spots on
second dorsal; no red or yellow.

676. Euelatichthys crassilabris (Alleyne & Macleay). New Guinea.
Diagramma crassilabris Alleyne & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1876, 271, Hall Sound (New Guinea).
This species must be very close to P. crassispinus.
677. Euelatichthys obscurus (Gtinther). Fiji.
Diagramma obscurum Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, 657, Fiji.
This species is not known to us. It resembles P. crassispinus, but the second anal spine is much
smaller than in the latter.

678. Euelatichthys unicolor (Macleay). New Guinea.

Diagramma unicolor Macleay, Proc. Linn, Soc. N. 8. W. 1876, 261, China Straits, New Guinea.

POMADASIS Lacépede 1804.
679. Pomadasis hasta (Bloch). New Britain (Peters); East Indies; New Guinea (Macleay).
SYMPHYSANODON Bleeker.

680. Symphysanodon typus Bleeker. New Guinea.
Symphysanodon typus Bleeker, Arch, Neer]. Ind. 1878, 61

SCOLOPSIS Cuvier. (Ghanan Forskal. )

681. Scolopsis trilineata Kner. Tuiva tusi. Samoa; Fiji; New Guinea; New Hebrides (Seale).
Seolopsis trilineata Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1868, 301, Samoa. Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, 31, taf. 25, fig. a,
Samoa, Fiji.
This species is one of the most tastefully colored of the coral-reef fishes of Samoa. About 20
specimens were obtained at Apia and Pago Pago.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 269

Life colors of a specimen from Apia called taiva tusi, pearl-gray, darker on back; forehead very
dark brown, crossed by two bright blue stripes, both of which become golden yellow on eye, which
is crossed by a dark brown stripe; three pearly white stripes behind eye, the middle one fainter,
uniting near middle of body and proceeding to last ray of dorsal; fins pinkish gray; dorsal narrowly
edged with orange; anal with pale blue; anal and soft dorsal with some orange shading; lower half of
belly and head pure white.

682. Scolopsis bilineata (Bloch). New Guinea (Macleay); Kandayu, Fiji (Kner); Shortland I.
(Seale); East Indies; Ovalau and Levuka (Giinther).

6838. Scolopsis lineata (Quoy & Gaimard). Guam; Samoa (Giinther); Faté (Seale).
684. Scolopsis ciliata (Lacépéde). Vanicolo; New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
685. Scolopsis monogramma Kuhl & Van Hasselt. New Guinea (Macleay); Faté and New
Hebrides (Seale); East Indies.
686. Scolopsis temporalis Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Guinea (Macleay); Fiji (Giinther); Vani-
colo; Waigiu; Louisiades; Solomon Is. (Seale).
687. Scolopsis xenochrous Giinther. Misol.
Scolopsis xenochrous Giinther, Cruise of the Cura¢oa, 1878, 20.
688. Scolopsis cancellata Cuvier & Valenciennes. Polynesia; New Hanover (Peters); East Indies.
689. Scolopsis margaritifera Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
690. Scolopsis affinis Peters. New Ireland; New Britain.
Scolopsis affinis Peters, Berl. Mon., 1876, 882, New Britain, New Ireland.

691. Scolopsis macrophthalmus Ramsay & Ogilby. New Guinea.
PENTAPUS Cuvier & Valenciennes.

692. Pentapus caninus Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Guinea (Macleay); Louisiades; Apamana;
Gilbert Is. (Gunther).

693. Pentapus vittatus (Bloch). New Guinea (Giinther); Solomon Is. (Seale); East Indies.
GNATHODENTEX Bleeker.

694. Gnathodentex aurolineatus (Lacépéde). Tolai. Samoa; Hervey Islands; Tonga; Gilbert
Is.; Tahiti: Paumotu Is.; Marcus I.; New Guinea (Macleay); Tubuai and Mangareya (Seale) ;
East Indies.

This species is common about Samoa, where about 15 specimens were taken.

Color of a specimen from Apia called tolai, light olive-gray; 6 to 8 very faint longitudinal stripes
of brownish bronze above lateral line, all of them disappearing behind middle of body; still fainter
streaks below lateral line; larger specimens with 5 broad, faint stripes of gold-bronze below lateral
line; an oblong spot of light yellow below soft dorsal; fins all plain light reddish, the edges a little
darker; opercular flap dark; inside of mouth orange.

Family SPARIDA.
LETHRINUS Cuvier. (Schoiir Forskal, 1775. )

695. Lethrinus ramak (Forskal). Mailafo’u; Magauli. Samoa; Palau Is.; Kingsmill I.; Fiji, East
Indies.
Scizna ramak Forskal, Deser. Anim., 53, 1775, Red Sea.
Lethrinus ehrenbergii Cuyier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v1, 31, 1830, Red Sea.
Lethrinus flavescens Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v1, 299, 1836, Tonga.
Lethrinus ramak, Gunther, Cat., 1,459, Red Sea, Ceylon. Giinther, Fische der Siidsce, 69, taf. 46, fig. B, Samoa,
Palau Is., Kingsmill, Celebes.

This species is common at Samoa. Five large specimens were secured.

270 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia called mailafo’u, a faint pinkish band from pectoral back; head
olive; lips flesh color; dorsal dull orange mottled with gray; caudal dull orange; anal reddish; ventral
pale-yellowish tinged; pectoral faintly orange; no lateral spot.

Another specimen from Apia, called magauli, was light green, no spot; axil black; head dark;
lips and gums scarlet; dorsal light bright red; caudal dirty yellow; pectoral bright yellow, orange
aboye; anal dull orange; ventral gray, black at tip.

696. Lethrinus harak (Forskal). Mata’ele’ele. Samoa; New Britain; New Hanover (Peters); Faté
in the New Hebrides (Seale).

Of this species 2 large specimens were taken at Apia. Life colors of one called mata ’ele’ele, dull
olive green; fins all brick red; inside of mouth searlet. A black lateral spot on molar teeth.

697. Lethrinus bonhamensis Giinther. Samoa; Bonham I.; Philippines.
Lethrinus bonhamensis Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 65, taf. 464, Bonham I.
A single large specimen corresponding to Gtinther’s figure was taken at Apia. It is near Lethrinus
harak, but is apparently distinct. We have also examined specimens of the same species in the U. S.
National Museum, collected on Negros Island in the Philippines by Prof. Bashford Dean.

698. Lethrinus papuensis Alleyne & Macleay. New Guinea.
699. Lethrinus amboinensis Bleeker. Samoa; Palau Is. (Gtinther); East Indies.
Of this species we have 1 specimen from Apia.
700. Lethrinus erythropterus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Ulea.
701. Lethrinus chrysostomus Richardson. New Guinea (Alleyne & Macleay); Australia.
702. Lethrinus nebulosus (Forskal). Fiji (Gunther); East Indies.

703. Lethrinus mahsena (Forskal). Samoa; Fiji; Palau Is.; Paumotu Is.; Waigiu; Mangareva
(Seale).

(Lethrinus hypselopterous Bleeker. )

Of this species we have 1 large example from Apia, corresponding to Gtnther’s figure, and
almost equally well to Bleeker’s plate of Lethrinus hypselopterus.

704. Lethrinus mahsenoides Bleeker. New Guinea (Ramsay & Ogilby); East Indies.
705. Lethrinus alboguttatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Bonin Js.

706. Lethrinus laticaudus Alleyne & Macleay. New Guinea.

Lethrinus laticaudus Alleyne & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1876, 276, Percy I. (New Guinea),

707. Lethrinus moensi Bleeker. Tahiti; Tonga; Fiji; Paumotu Is.; Harvey Is.; New Guinea;
Palau Is.; Louisiades; Marquesas Is. (Seale); East Indies.

708. Lethrinus ornatus Bleeker. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

709. Lethrinus leutjanus Lacépéde. New Guinea (Macleay); Faté (Seale); East Indies.

710. Lethrinus hematopterus Bleeker. Fiji (Gunther); New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
711. Lethrinus erythracanthus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Luganor; Mortlock Is.; Carolines.
712. Lethrinus sordidus Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Guinea.

713. Lethrinus waigiensis Cuvier & Valenciennes. Waigiu.

714. Lethrinus xanthopterus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Ulea, Caroline Islands.

715. Lethrinus aurolineatus Macleay. New Guinea.

Lethrinus aurolineatus Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1883, 247, New Guinea.

LETHRINELLA Fowler.,

This genus is distinguished from Lethrinus by the elongate pike-like snout and jaws.

716. Lethrinella miniata (Forster). Filoa ’ava. Samoa; Tahiti; Louisiades; Marcus I.; New
Britain; East Indies.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. Dal

Of this remarkable species, distinguished by the pike-like prolongation of the snout, we have 3
large examples from Apia, one of them 23 feet long. The long snout and comparative slenderness of
the teeth define the well-marked genus Lethrinella of Fowler.

Life colors of a specimen called filoa va, from Apia, pale grayish olive unmarked; mouth scarlet
within; membrances of upper jaw red; dorsal, anal, and caudal grayish, mottled olive, edged with
dull red; pectoral dull light olive, ventral dusky gray.

MONOTAXIS Bennett.
717. Monotaxis grandoculis (Forskal). Mumu moaga; Loalia (a Rarotongan word). Hawaii;
Samoa; Papua; Fiji; East Indies.

This species is rather common about Samoa, as also at Hawaii. It is valued as a food fish.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, olive green, with 2 whitish cross-bars; a black crescent at
base of pectoral; dorsal brownish, reddish at tip; caudal orange, yellow at base; anal like dorsal; pec-
toral and ventral reddish.

718. Monotaxis euanus ((+iinther). Tonga Is.

Sphexrodon euanus Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,1v, 1879, 137, Eua (Tonga Is.).
SPARUS (Artedi) Linneus. (Chrysopirys Cuvier & Valenciennes. )

719. Sparus australis (Giinther). New Hebrides; Australia.

Chrysophrys australis Giinther, Cat., 1, 494, rivers of Australia. De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1884, 457, Api
(New Hebrides).

720. Sparus nove-caledoniz (Castelnau). New Caledonia.
Chrysophrys nove-caledonix Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soe. Vict. 1873, 110, New Caledonia.

721. Sparus berda Forskal. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
(Sparus hasta, Bloch & Schneider. )

Family KYPHOSIDA.
PACHYMETOPON Gunther.

722. Pachymetopon squamosum Alleyne & Macleay. New Guinea.
Pachymetopon squamosum Alleyne & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soe. N.S. W. 1876, 225, Hall Sound (New Guinea).

KYPHOSUS Lacépede. (Tahmel Forskal, 1775.)

723. Kyphosus fuscus (Lacépéde). Hawaii; New Hebrides (Seale); East Indies.
724. Kyphosus lembus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Vanicolo; East Indies.
725. Kyphosus sandvicensis (Sauvage). Hawaii; Laysan; Marcus I. (Bryan & Herre).

This species seems to be almost identical with Kyphosus elegans Peters, a species from the west
coast of Mexico.

726. Kyphosus waigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard). Umue; Matu mutu. Waigiu; Papua; Caroline Is.;
Samoa; Palau Is.; New Guinea.

Three large specimens of this species were taken at Apia. Life color of one called wmue, bronze
brownish, with a gray spot on each scale, these forming pale bluish streaks, alternating with darker
bronze streaks; no other colors; fins all dusky; pale below eye, a dark streak about it; opercle dark-
edged.

727. Kyphosus tahmel (Forskal). New Guinea (Bleeker); East Indies.

SECTATOR Jordan & Fesler.

728. Sectator azureus Jordan & Eyvermann. Hawaii.

272 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Family GERRIDA.
XYSTHMA Jordan & Evermann.

729. Xystema gigas (Giinther). Matu loa. Samoa; Fiji; Tonga. t
Gerres gigas Giinther, Cat., Iv, 262, Tonga. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 30, taf xx1v, fig. A, Tonga, Fiji, Samoa
Life colors of a specimen from Apia called matu loa, silvery with faint dark shades; no bright
colors; caudal pale edged; first dorsal elevated, its edge dusky.
One large specimen and one very small one taken at Apia. Apparently this species is distinct
from X. oblongum (Cuvier & Valenciennes) of India, with which Day unites it. X. oblongum is still
more elongate.

730. Xystzema argyreum (Forster). Matu. Samoa; Tahiti; Waigiu; Strong I.; Tanna; Aus-
tralia; East Indies.
(Gerres waigiensis Quoy & Gaimard.)

Compared with X. argyreum, X. gigas is less silvery, and has more distinct streaks along the rows
of scales. In X. gigas the snout is longer than eye; the body is more elongate, and the head propor-
tionately longer.

This species is more common at Samoa than X. gigas, but seems to reach a rather smaller size.
We have 8 examples of different sizes from Apia and Pago Pago. Life colors of an example from
Apia, siivery, without dark streaks; ventral and anal light yellow; other fins scarcely yellowish; edge
of spinous dorsal dusky.

731. Kystezema abbreviatum (Bleeker). New Guinea (Ramsay & Ogilby); East Indies.

This can not be Sparus erythrourus of Bloch, which is a species of Xystwma, said to be from Japan.
Bloch’s type is more elongate, the depth being 31 inches, the total length 103 inches in the type in the
Museum of Berlin.

732. Kystema macrosoma (Bleeker). Samoa (Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1868, 9, Savaii);
Admiralty Is. (Gunther); East Indies.

This species, recorded by Kner from Samoa, was not seen by us.

738. Kystema punctatum (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Vanicolo; New Britain and New Hanover
(Peters); East Indies.

(Gerres filamentosus Cuvier & Valenciennes, adult.)

Valenciennes describes Gerres punctatus as having the depth 33 in the total length with caudal.
This is true of the very young only (23 inches long). In the adult it is 3 or alittle less. Gerres punc-
tatus is, however, evidently the same as G. jilamentosus, and the name occurs on an earlier page of the
same work.

734. Kystema acinaces (Bleeker). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
735. Kystema poeti (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Milne Bay, New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

736. Xystzema macracanthum (Bleeker). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

ULEMA Jordan & Evermann.
737. Ulema bispinosum (Alleyne & Macleay). New Guinea.

Gerres bispinosus Alleyne & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1876, 273, Hall Sound. Anal rays ¥, 8.

Family EQUULID.

EQUULA Cuvier.
Equula Cuvier, Régne Anim., ed. 1, vol. 11, 323, 1817 (insidiator).
Deveximentum Fowler, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1904, 517 (insidiator).
738. Equula insidiator (Bloch). Tahiti (Kner); East Indies.

This species is separated by Fowler from Leiognathus as the type of a distinct genus Deverimentum,
characterized by the vertical mouth. But the same species is the original type of the genus Equula,
which has been regarded as a synonym of Leiognathus.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 273

LEIOGNATHUS Lacépéde.
739. Leiognathus fasciatus (Lacépéde). Samoa; Fiji (Giinther); New Britain (Peters); East
Indies.

This species is common at Samoa, numerous specimens being taken about Apia and Pago Pago in
the seine.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, spots on sides and dorsal bars dull brassy; axil brassy and
brassy shades on dorsal and anal fins.

Another specimen from Apia was silvery, faintly streaked and barred above. Dorsal spine not
reaching tip of last spine in specimen 3 inches long. Young.

740. Leiognathus obscurus (Seale). Guam.

Leiognathus obscurus Seale, Bishop Mus. 1901, 74, Guam.
741. Leiognathus equula (Forskal). New Caledonia; East Indies.

Equula caballa (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc. Victoria, 1873, 114, New Caledonia.
742. Leiognathus dussumieri (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Tahiti (Kner, Novara Fische, 167); East -

Indies.

743. Leiognathus edentulus Lacépéde. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
744. Leiognathus smithursti (Ramsay & Ogilby). New Guinea.

Equula smithursti Ramsay & Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1886, 11.

GAZZA Cuvier.

745. Gazza minuta (Bloch). New Guinea; New Britain (Peters); Tahiti (Kner); East Indies.
746. Gazza equuleformis (Riippell). Solomon Is.; East Indies.

747. Gazza argentaria (Forster). Tanna; New Hebrides; East Indies.

Family MULLIDA.
UPENEUS Cuvier. ( Upeneoides Bleeker. )

748. Upeneus vittatus (Forskal). Vete. Tahiti; Samoa; Papua; Borabora; Fiji; Marquesas Is.
(Seale); East Indies.

This species is rather common about Samoa, where about a dozen specimens were taken. In life
the belly is a bright sulphur-yellow. The number of bands on the caudal fin is fewer than in Upeneus
arge, one of those on the lower lobe being very broad and black.

Life colors of a specimen called wete, olive, sides silvery, no red except on iris and sides of snout,
side with 5 golden bands, fourth the brightest and broadest; belly bright sulphur yellow, in a broad
stripe; barbels white; first dorsal black at tip, with 2 white and 2 brassy bands, one of the latter at
base; second dorsal with 4-white and 4 olive oblique bands; fourth and fifth lateral bands converging
on tail; upper lobe also with 3 dark oblique bands and 4 white bands; lower with 3 white and 2 dark
bands, the outer one very broad, nearly as broad as eye, and black with yellow edge, twice the width
of upper outer band.

749. Upeneus arge Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.

This large species is common about Hawaii, but has not been seen elsewhere. It has the belly
silvery white in life and the caudal bands are more numerous and more even than in Upeneus vittatus.

750. Upeneus teeniopterus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii (Steindachner); Ceylon.
751. Upeneus tragula Richardson. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies; China.
PSEUDUPENEUS Bleeker.
( Upeneus, Pseudupeneus, and Parupeneus, all of Bleeker. )

752. Pseudupeneus multifasciatus (Quoy & Gaimard). Hawaii.

This species is very common about Hawaii, where it replaces the P. moana of the islands of Poly-
nesia. In the former species the bright red area among the bands on the side is behind the pectoral.
In Pseudupeneus moana the bright yellow area is under the soft dorsal.

274 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

758. Pseudupeneus moana Jordan & Seale, new species. Moana; Moaga; Maga (juv.); Moana
faiaya. Samoa.
Upencus trifasciatus Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 59, taf. xLtv, fig. B, Vavau, Samoa, Amboina; not of Lacépede.
Upeneus multifasciatus Seale, Bishop Museum, I, 71, 1901, Guam; not of Quoy & Gaimard,
Parupeneus multifasciatus Bleeker, Mulloides, 20, 1874; Atlas, Mulloides, tab. Iv, fig. 4.

Head 3 in length to base of caudal; depth 3.25; eye 6.10 in head; interorbital 3.75; maxillary 3
in head, its distal width greater than eye, its posterior end not reaching below anterior margin of eye
by at least two-thirds width of eye; dorsal vim—-9; anal 7; scales 2-32-6; barbels long, reaching to
second row of scales in front of ventrals.

Body oblong, compressed, deepest at origin of spinous dorsal; depth of caudal peduncle 2 in its
length; body and head scaled; lips wide; teeth in a single row in each jaw, no teeth on vomer or
palatines; preopercle entire; a short flat opercular spine; gill-rakers slim and sharp, 25 on lower limb,
the longest slightly more than one-half width of eye; only two complete rows of scales between the
dorsal fins; height of spinous dorsal 1.35 in head, its base 1.90; base of soft dorsal 1.95 in head, its
last ray usually elongate, reaching to base of caudal; pectoral 1.35 in head; ventral 1.20 in head; base
of anal 2.50 in head; its posterior ray somewhat prolonged, 1.95 in head; caudal 1.35 in head.

Color in spirits, upper half of body brownish with wash of purple, yellowish white below; a
broad saddle of black on caudal peduncle; another broad black band from anterior half of soft dorsal;
between these two is a bright yellow area, about as wide as the posterior black band; a narrow black
band between the two dorsals, the yellow lines bordering on its posterior and anterior margins being
narrow, about one scale in width; a broad, black band from anterior two-thirds of spinous dorsal;
another black band in front of spinous dorsal, making in all five black vertical bands on the sides; all
of these bands fade out a little below the axis of the body; there is a dusky blotch posterior to eye
extending more or less distinctly upon nuchal region; a dusky line through eye and along sides of
snout; spinous dorsal dusky; soft dorsal dusky at base with yellow margin, and some 4-5 narrow
intermarginal lines of alternating light and dusky; the last ray of dorsal is entirely deep black; caudal
dusky, with black upper and lower margins; anal yellowish with 4 intermarginal longitudinal lines of
dusky; pectoral yellow; ventral yellow, the outer rays bluish.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, dirty purplish red mottled with black and yellow, with 4
darker cross-bands; lower side of head wine red; barbels purplish; dorsal clouded dusky; second
dorsal with blue and yellow streaks at tip; caudal dirty brown, edged with black above and below;
anal pale violet, and with 4 violet and 4 light yellow streaks; ventral red with a purple-black edge;
pectoral bright golden orange. Adult.

Anotherspecimen from Apia, called moana, was olive, with golden edges and bluish base to scales;
five blackish cross-bands; a black blotch behind eye; first dorsal dusky, second golden blackish
at base, streaked above with bluish; caudal golden, covered with fine bluish streaks; anal dusky;
ventral dusky; pectoral yellowish; barbels golden.

This species, common in the East Indies and in the South Seas, seems never to have received a
distinctive specific name. The name trifasciatus certainly belongs to Pseudupeneus bifasciatus, while
that of multifasciatus was given to the common moana of the Hawiian Islands.

Twenty-five specimens from Apia. The type is no. 51737, U. S. National Museum, length 8.55
inches.

The species is known from Samoa, Guam, Tahiti, Vavau, New Guinea (Macleay), Mangareva,
Rarotonga, New Hebrides, Tubuai, and Nukahiva (Seale); also from East Indies.

754. Pseudupeneus atrocingulatus (Kner). Moana; Moaga. Samoa(Giinther); Vavau; Amboina.

Upeneus atrocingulatus Kner, xxI, 443. Giinther, Fische der Sitidsee, 59, as var. C of U. trifasciatus, Samoa, Vavau,
Amboina,

This species is close to Pseudupeneus moana, but the coloration is different from any specimen
seen by us. We therefore regard it as a different species.
755. Pseudupeneus bifasciatus (Lacépéde). Matalaw uliuli; Maga (young). Hawaii; Samoa;
Rarotonga; Caroline Is.; Solomon Is; Marcus I.
(Mullus bifasciatus and Mullus trifasciatus Lacépede. )
This species is common both at Hawaii and Samoa, where it reaches a large size, and is highly

valued as food. It is easily distinguished from related species by the two or three broad cross-shades,
one under each dorsal.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 275

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, called matalau uliuli, dusky violet-brown, no red; traces of
faint diffuse dusky crossbars, one under first dorsal, one under second, the third on caudal peduncle;
head with faint violet and golden specks and edgings; barbels black, yellow at tip; two faint paler
cross-rings, one before and one behind dark bar on caudal peduncle; fins dusky; first dorsal dull
bronze with pinkish rays; second dorsal and anal dull violet, with dull yellowish cross-streaks; caudal
violet-black mottled with yellowish; ventral dull violet-bronze; pectoral paler, similar; a dusky bar
across its base. A younger example was a little more reddish.

Another specimen from Apia was dark brownish gray, no red; three broad blackish cross-bands,
the first at front of first dorsal, second under second dorsal, third on caudal peduncle; first dorsal
blackish, tinged with dark red, olive at base, the rays pale violet; soft dorsal light olive with blue
lines, and a broad black edge; caudal and anal similar; ventral dull red, shaded with black, a dusky
bar across base of pectoral; pectoral pale reddish; barbels yellow.

A specimen called maga (young), from Apia, was dirty green, much marbled; a black bar below
front of first dorsal and one below front of second dorsal; second dorsal and anal blackish, edged with
pale; caudal dusky olive brown, pale-edged; ventral black, pale-edged; first dorsal brown; barbels
yellow; head soiled and mottled olive.

756. Pseudupeneus semifasciatus (Macleay). New Guinea.

Upeneus semifasciatus Macleay, Proc. Linn, Soc, N. 8. W. 1884, 263, Hood Bay.
757. Pseudupeneus porphyreus Jenkins. Hawaii.

758. Pseudupeneus chryserydros (Lacépéde). Matulaw. Samoa; Hawaii; Tahiti; Faté (Seale);
East Indies.

Parupeneus xanthospilurus Bleeker, Mulloides, 57, 1874, Amboina.

This species is common about Samoa, as also about Hawaii. It is well distinguished by its
peculiar violaceous coloration, like the lees of wine, according to Commerson, and by the golden or
pale area on the back of the tail. The barbels, as in Upeneus cyclostomus, are elongate. There seems
to be no question that Lacépéde’s glowing description of the ‘‘Mullus rougeor’’ belongs to this species.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, very pale violet, pinkish and greenish, not nearly so dark as
in Hawaii.

759. Pseudupeneus cyclostomus (Lacépéde). Samoa; Kast Indies.

Of this species we have three large specimens from Pago Pago. The species resembles Pseuwdupe-
neus chryserydros, but lacks the pale saddle on the tail, while the general color is clear red without
markings. The barbels, as in Pseudupeneus chryserydros, are long, reaching past base of ventrals. The
species is well represented in Sauvage’s figure of Upeneus cyclostomus.

760. Pseudupeneus saffordi (Seale). (iuam; East Indies.
Upeneus cyclostomus Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 60, 1873, Mascarene I.; not of Lacépéde.
Upeneus chryserythrus Sauvage, Poiss. Madagascar, 228; not of Lacépéde.
Upeneus saffordi Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 72, Guam,
This species was not seen by us. It is apparently the Upeneus cyclostomus of Gunther, with short
barbels, reaching preopercular margin, and with a pale area on the back of the tail.

761. Pseudupeneus crassilabris (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Johnston I.; Papua.
2? Upeneus luteus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., viI, 521, 1831, Isle de France.
Upeneus crassilabris Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., 523, Papua.

762. Pseudupeneus chrysonemus Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.

763. Pseudupeneus fraterculus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii (Steindachner); Seychelles;
Zanzibar.

764. Pseudupeneus teeniatus (Kner). Fiji; China ?.
Upeneus barberinoides Kner, Novara Fische, pl. rv, 81, China; not of Bleeker.
Upeneus teniatus Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1868, 13, Kanathia (Fiji).
Parupeneus kneri Bleeker, Ned. Dierk., 1v, 142, China; after Kner.
This species was not taken by us, unless it should prove to be the young of Pseudupeneus chrysone-
mus, which shows two pale lengthwise stripes on the upper anterior portion of the body in life.

276 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

765. Pseudupeneus barberinus (Lacépéde). Ta’uleia. Samoa; Palau Is.; Paumotu Is.; Harvey
I.; Kingsmill I.; Solomon Is.; East Indies.

This widely diffused species is rather common about Samoa, where three large examples were
taken.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, reddish gray, with bluish and yellowish streaks on head,
the scales edged with bronze; a blackish brown stripe from snout through eye to last dorsal rays; a
large dark brown spot at base of caudal; dorsal reddish, brown-edged in front; second dorsal and anal
with obscure yellowish cross-streaks; caudal reddish, the rays yellowish; ventral and pectoral pale,
tinged with yellowish; barbels white.

A larger example redder, with marks fainter.

766. Pseudupeneus barberinoides (Bleeker). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

767. Pseudupeneus indicus (Shaw). Ta’uleia; Lailai. Samoa; Tonga; Fiji; Waigiu (as U. waigi-
ensis Cuvier & Valenciennes); East Indies.

Of this species we have two large specimens from Apia. The golden spot on the side of the back
and the black spot on the back of the tail are characteristic.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, olive-green, each scale darker olive at edge; a large oblong
golden yellow blotch under soft dorsal; a large black blotch before base of caudal; cheek olive, with
blue streaks; dorsal olive, second dorsal faintly barred with brassy; anal pinkish, similarly barred;
ventral pink; pectoral pinkish; caudal pale yellowish olive, the outer rays pink; ventral bright pink;
barbels pinkish. ;

768. Pseudupeneus pleurostigma (Bennett). Hawaii; Tahiti; Gilbert Is.; East Indies.
769. Pseudupeneus pleurospilos (Bleeker). Shortland I.; Solomon Is. (Seale); Japan; East Indies.
770. Pseudupeneus preorbitalis (Smith & Swain). Johnston I.; southwest of Hawaii.

771. Pseudupeneus filamentosus (Macleay). New Guinea.
Upeneus filamentosus Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1884, 263, Hood Bay.

MULLOIDES Bleeker.

772. Mulloides auriflamma (Forskal). Ula’oa; Vete. Samoa; Hawaii; New Guinea; Guam;
Borabora; Tubuai; Tahiti and Nukuhiva (Seale); East Indies.

2 Upeneus atherinoides Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vi, 526, Guam.

This species is abundant throughout the Pacific. We took several specimens in Pago Pago and
_about a dozen in Apia.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia called ula’oa, olive, belly silvery, flushed with red; a golden
stripe, very bright, with yellow shades above and below; a black bar across base of pectoral; ventral
and anal blackish yellow; caudal and both dorsals plain golden; pectoral colorless; no bars or spots.

Another specimen from Apia, light gray olive; back pinkish; opercles pink; a brownish yellow
lateral band with yellow shades below; upper fins yellow; lower gray; yellow on sides of head; caudal
dull yellow; barbels white. 2

773. Mulloides vanicolensis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Vanicolo; Johnston I. (Smith & Swain).

774. Mulloides samoensis Giinther. <Afolu; I’a sina (white or lady fish—the young). Hawaii;
Samoa.

This species is very abundant about Samoa, and scarcely less so in Hawaii. The small black spot
on the side near the tip of the pectoral fin is very constant.

In one specimen from Apia there was a golden orange lateral band somewhat interrupted. Another
specimen from this locality was pale, a broad deep dull.yellow lateral stripe with yellow shades above
and below; yellow dashes on sides of head, besides coppery; a small dark brown spot above end of
pectoral in lateral shade; first dorsal anteriorly deep yellow, fading behind; second dorsal pale yellow,
caudal bright yellow; lower parts, barbels and fins pure white.

The 7’ sina is plainly the young of the afolu.

775. Mulloides erythrinus Klunzinger. Hawaii; Laysan; Tahiti; East Indies.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 277

7'76. Mulloides flammeus Jordan & Eyermann. Hawaii; Raiatea and Tahiti (Seale; perhaps
the young of M. pfluger’).
777. Mulloides pflugeri Steindachner. Hawaii.

778. Mulloides zeylonicus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). New Guinea (Bleeker); Ceylon.

Family TOXOTID®.

TOXOTES Cuvier.

779. Toxotes jaculatrix (Pallas). Neéw Guinea (Macleay); Faté, New Hebrides (Seale); East
Indies.

Family SILLAGINIDE.

SILLAGO Cuvier.
780. Sillago sihama (Forskal). Admiralty Is. (Giinther); Bougainville Is. (Peters, Berl. Mon.
1876, 836); East Indies.
781. Sillago ciliata Cuvier & Valenciennes. Percy I.; New Guinea (Macleay); Australia.
782. Sillago insularis Castelnau. New Caledonia.
Sillago ciliata or insularis Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc. Vict. 1873, 113, New Caledonia.

783. Sillago gracilis Macleay. New Guinea.
Sillago gracilis Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1884, 279, Hall Sound.

Family MALACANTHID.

MALACANTHUS Cuvier.

784. Malacanthus parvipinnis (Vaillant & Sauvage). Hawaii.
OCEANOPS Jordan & Seale, new genus.

Oceanops Jordan & Seale, new genus of Malacanthide ( M. latovittatus Lacépéde).

785. Oceanops latovittata (Lacépéde). Gatasami. Samoa; Palau Is.; Papua; East Indies. (PI.
30,0,50;4)))

This singularly beautiful fish is rather rare at Samoa. Two large specimens were taken at Pago
Pago. The large size and brilliant blue coloration distinguish this species, in a very marked manner,
from its dull gray-colored congeners. It has also a much longer, pike-like snout, thus unlike Mala-
canthus plumieriand parvipinnis. It may be held as the type ofa distinct subgenus or genus—Oceanops—
this appellation being a translation of the native name.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago called gatasami (eye of the sea), intense violet blue;
back black, with the blue reduced to streaks; jet black lateral band; belly abruptly white; dusky
across base of pectoral; dorsal dusky at base, abruptly grayish above; caudal black, with a white
square, bluish white stripe above, upper angle brown; anal whitish; ventral whitish; pectoral blue.

Family PSEUDOCHROMID.

PSEUDOCHROMIS Muller & Troschel.

786. Pseudochromis fuscus Miller & Troschel. Solomon Is.; Yap I.; Palau Is.; East Indies.

PSEUDOGRAMMA Bleeker.

787. Pseudogramma polyacanthus (Bleeker). Tahiti; Fiji; Marcus I.; Raiatea, East Indies.
Pseudochromis polyacanthus Bleeker, Ternate, vil, 375, 1856, Ternate. Kner, Sitz, Ak. Wiss. Wien 1867, 717, Fiji
Gunther, Fische der Sudsee, 159, taf. 98, fig. A, Tabiti, Raiatea. Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1900, 523
Tahiti.
Pseudogramma polyacanthus, Bryan & Herre, Bishop Museum, vol. 11, no. 1, 1903, 189, Marcus I.

278 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Family CIRRHITIDA,
CHEILODACTYLUS Cuvier.
788. Cheilodactylus vittatus Garrett. Hawaii.

CIRRHITUS Lacépede.

789. Cirrhitus marmoratus Lacépéde. Potati. Hawaii; Rarotonga; Samoa.
This species, very common at Hawaii, is not rare about the reefs of Samoa. Six specimens were
taken at Apia.

790. Cirrhitus oxycephalus Bennett. Bonham I.; Marshall group; East Indies.
PARACIRRHITES Bleeker.

791. Paracirrhites forsteri (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii; Marquesas Is. (Seale).
792. Paracirrhites arcatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii; New Guinea.
793. Paracirrhites cinctus (Gtnther). Hawaii.
794. Paracirrhites hemistictus (Giinther). Kingsmill I.; Tahiti.

Cirrhites hemistictus Giinther, Fische der Sudsee, 69, taf. 50, fig. B, Kingsmill, Tahiti.
795. Paracirrhites polystictus (Gunther). Tahiti; Kingsmill I.

Cirrhites polystictus Ginther, Fische der Suidsee, 70, taf. 50, fig. A, Kingsmill, Tahiti.
796. Paracirrhites melanotus (Giinther). Tahiti; Raiatea.

Cirrhites melanotus Ginther, Fische der Sudsee, 72, taf. 52, fig. c, 1873, Tahiti, Raiatea.
797. Paracirrhites punctatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Savaii (Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1868,

16). .
This species, obtained at Samoa by Kner, was not seen by us.

CIRRHITOIDEA Jenkins.

798. Cirrhitoidea bimacula Jenkins. Hawaii.

Family POMACENTRID.

PREMNAS Cuvier.

799. Premnas biaculeatus (Bloch). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

AMPHIPRION Bloch & Schneider.

800. Amphiprion melanopus Bleeker. Samoa; Tonga; Ponape; Solomon Is.; Guam; Wood-
lark I.; New Guinea; East Indies; D’ Entrecasteaux Is. (Macleay. )

Amphiprion melanopus Bleeker, AMboina, Nat. Tijds. Ind., 111, 561, Amboina. Gunther, Cat., Iv, 8. ~

Prochilus melanopus Bleeker, Atlas, Pomacentride, 26, tab. cccct, fig. 7, 1877, Singapore, Ceram, Ternate, Amboin:
Solor, New Guinea.

Amphiprion ephipprum Gunther, Fische der Sudsee, 225, Tonga, Samoa, Ponape, Solomon Is. Seale, Bishop
Museum 1901, 82, Guam, not of Bloch.

Amphiprion monofasciatus Thiolliére, Fauna Woodlark, 198, 1857, Woodlark I.

Of this species four specimens were taken by us at Apia, and one at Pago Pago. The specimens
agree well with Bleeker’s plate and with each other, and the species is no doubt a valid one.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, deep reddish brown, the caudal peduncle bright brownish,
the anterior region deep orange brown or cinnamon; a pale violet stripe across head edged before and
behind with indigo-blue; ventral and anal black; dorsal reddish brown; paler behind; pectoral deep
cinnamon brown; caudal pale brownish yellow.

801. Amphiprion arion De Vis. South Seas.
Amphiprion arion De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1884, 450, South Seas.
802. Amphiprion polymnus (Bloch). Palau Is.; Ponape; Kast Indies; Japan.

According to Gtinther this species, with melanopus, tricolo-, chrysopterus, and xanthurus, is based
on variants of Amphiprion ephippium. ‘This view is open to question.

bo
FU
We)

THE FISHES OF SAMOA,

803. Amphiprion tricolor Gunther! Palau Is.; New Guinea; East Indies.

804. Amphiprion xanthurus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Samoa (Giinther); Ponape.

805. Amphiprion chrysopterus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Kingsmill I. (Giinther); Bourbon I.
806. Amphiprion bicinctus Riippell. Solomon Is.; Guam; East Indies.

807. Amphiprion percula (Lacépéde). Borabora; Vanicolo; New Guinea; New Ireland; New Brit-
ain; Solomon Is.

808. Amphiprion papuensis Macleay. New Guinea.
Amphiprion papuensis Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. §. W. 1883, 271.

809. Amphiprion perideraion Bleeker. Palau Is.; East Indies.
810. Amphiprion bifasciatus (Bloch). New Guinea; East Indies.

811. Amphiprion rosenbergi Bleeker. New Guinea.
POMACENTRUS Lacépéde.

812. Pomacentrus pavo (Bloch). Taupou. Samoa; Tahiti; Ponape; Bonham I.; Woodlark L.;
New Britain (as Pomacentrus notatus De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1884, 451); East
Indies. (PI. x1, fig. 1.)

This beautiful little fish is very abundant about the coral reefs of Samoa, and is the handsomest
of all blue fishes called tawpou, or damsel. We have about 100 specimens. In the smaller examples
the back and sides are nearly uniform sky-blue. In the adult the blue becomes differentiated as
streaks and lines on each scale, the orange ground color nearly hidden by the blue markings.

Pomacentrus notatus De Vis seems to agree fully with Pomacentrus pavo. It is doubtless the same
species.

Life colors were noted as follows in various specimens of P. pavo:

(1) Specimen from Apia, called taupou. Brilliant sky-blue, grayer below and on caudal peduncle;
a dark steely edge on each scale; head profusely spotted with blue, the spots small and darker-edged;
a large black ocellus on opercular angle; dorsal blue, deep blue on distal half, the tips of first soft rays
almost black, posterior rays mostly golden; caudal golden, pale blue mesially at base; anal pale blue,
distally pale olive; pectoral and ventral slightly yellowish.

(2) From Apia. Deep violet-blue, clear, the dorsal, anal and caudal, with caudal peduncle,
shading into bright golden; base of dorsal and anal deep blue; a small opercular spot, none on body
or axil; pectoral pale yellowish; ventral blackish.

(3) From Pago Pago. Deepest violet-blue, intensely dark blue on back; head with many pale
sky-blue dots and curved lines; two from eye to mouth; a blue line around chin; caudal peduncle
and posterior part of soft dorsal and anal with whole caudal deep orange yellow; a deep black spot on
opercular angle; axil with a blue dot rather faint; no spot in axil of dorsal and anal; spinous dorsal
and front of soft dorsal deep blue, edged with sky-blue; ventral and pectoral pale bluish; anal and dorsal
pointed; caudal pointed with unequal lobes; breast blue, with dark streaks.

(4) From Apia. Bright blue, with indigo markings on head; a black opercular spot with a white
one before it; spinous dorsal deep blue; soft dorsal golden; caudal pure yellow; anal pale yellow; no
fin spots; ventral blue; belly pale blue; pectoral colorless.

(5) From Pago Pago. Vivid blue head, shoulders and back, with numerous spots of light blue,
also violet; small black opercular spot; axil unspotted; first dorsal blue, with blackish edge; second
dorsal golden, black-edged; no black spot; caudal and caudal peduncle bright yellow; anal blue;
ventral dusky, pectoral bluish.

813. Pomacentrus cyanomus Bleeker. New Guinea (Macleay ).
814. Pomacentrus prosopotenia Bleeker. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
815. Pomacentrus tzniurus Bleeker. Tahiti and Faté (Seale); East Indies.

816. Pomacentrus bifasciatus Bleeker. Boston I.: East Indies.

280 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

817. Pomacentrus trimaculatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Palau Is.; Guam; Marcus I.; New
Guinea (Macleay); East Indies. :
This species is easily recognizable by the black spots on the side of the back. It was not taken
by us. Bleeker identifies P. perspicillatus with P. trimaculatus, but the description of the former is too
scanty to permit of certainty.

818. Pomacentrus notophthalmus Bleeker. Woodlark I.; Faté; New Hebrides (Seale); East
Indies.

This species, not taken by us, is very well marked by its coloration, the anterior dorsal region
being violet-brown, the rest of the body largely yellow.

819. Pomacentrus vaiuli Jordan & Seale, new species. Vaiuli. Samoa. (PI. x1, fig. 2.)

Head 3.50 in length; depth 2; eye 2.85 in head; dorsal xin, 14; anal 11, 16; scales 3-30-9, twenty
scales in lateral line proper, which ends under posterior third of soft dorsal fin; interorbital equal to
eye; snout 3.40 in head.

Body compressed, elevated, the upper and lower outlines evenly rounded; depth of caudal
peduncle 2 in head, its length 2.75; mouth small; maxillary reaching to below anterior margin of eye,
a single series of rather flat cutting teeth in each jaw; no teeth on yomer or palatines; preorbital
rather wide, 2 in maxillary, its lower posterior margin strongly toothed; suborbital very narrow, about
one-half as wide as preobital, its lower margin toothed; opercle entire; preopercle denticulate; gill-
rakers rather blunt, the longest less than width of pupil; base of dorsal 1.75 in length of fish without
caudal, its longest ray 1.20 in head; posterior extremities of dorsal and anal pointed; base of anal
equal to head; pectoral equal to head; first rays of ventral somewhat prolonged and filiform, reaching
to base of anal; caudal forked, its lobes slightly longer than head.

Color in spirits, purplish, lighter with yellowish wash on upper third of body, the colors thus being
reversed from the usual coloring in fishes; scales with blue dots in the center which form numerous
blue longitudinal lines on body, about 17 on each side, some more or lessirregular, the upper one of the
lines extending from tip of snout over interorbital space along base of dorsal; the second has its origin
on nuchal region; the third has its origin at posterior of orbit; two narrow blue lines from orbit to
mouth; a distinct black opercular spot; a black blue-edged ocellus on the base of the 7 posterior soft
dorsal rays; dorsal yellowish with dark margin; caudal bright yellow; pectoral bright yellow; ventral
and anal dark blue; the anus has 3 bands of blue dots.

Life colors were noted in various specimens as follows:

(1) Specimen from Apia called vaiuli (blue water). Brilliant deep blue, darkest helow: the back
abruptly orange-yellow with two blue stripes on each side, breaking up behind into rows of dots; no
median stripe; dorsal orange with blue edge and blue dots; soft dorsal with a large, black, blue-edged
oceilus; caudal and pectoral golden; ventral and anal blue-black. ;

(2) From Apia. Deep purplish; dull golden about gill-openings and on tail; sides of head and
region of gill-opening with numerous sky-blue spots; a small round black spot on angle of opercle
above black speck in axil; dorsal brownish, dull golden behind with a black, bluish-edged ocellus
on base of soft dorsal; obscure blackish band along middle of spinous dorsal;, anal brownish, with
four or five oblique irregular blackish bands; pectoral and caudal golden; ventral blue-black.

(3) From Pago Pago. Iridescent purple-blue on sides in post-pectoral region, fading behind into
brown-blue; above rich umber with blue in longitudinal series of dots; dorsal light umber with a very
narrow marginal bright blue line; anal purplish brown; pectoral thin clear yellow, purple-violet
below; dorsal with black ocellus with narrow blue margin on posterior end.

(4) From Apia. Back golden brown, grayish on tail; sides and belly deep blue; a row of dark
blue spots along each row of scales; two dark blue stripes from snout to dorsal; dorsal golden brown,
blue-shaded; a large, black ocellus, blue-edged, on the base of last soft rays; caudal pure golden; anal
blue-black, with two oblique shades across it; pectoral golden; ventral blue-black.

The young of this species is remarkable for the reversal of the coloration, the back being golden,
the lower parts violet black. With age, the dark coloration extends upward on the back. The black
opercular spot and the black ocellus at the end uf the soft dorsal remain the same at all ages. The
violet spots on the side grow fainter with age but do not disappear. e

Fifteen specimens from Apia and one from Pago Pago. The type, no. 51740, U. 8. National
Museum, is 2.75 inches long.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 281

820. Pomacentrus tripunctatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Vanicolo; Fiji; East Indies.
Pomacentrus tripunctatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 421, 1830, Vanicolo.
? Pomacentrus trilineatus Ehrenberg in Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., v, 428, 1830, Red Sea. Sauvage, Poiss.
Madagascar, 423.
Pomacentrus teniometopon Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wis. Wien 1858, 56, Kandavu.

This species was not taken by us. The black ocellus on the back of the tail seems to be a distinc-
tive character. It is doubtful whether Pomacentrus dorsalis of Japan is the same species.

821. Pomacentrus amboinensis Bleeker. New Guinea (Macleay).
822. Pomacentrus bankanensis Bleeker. Guam; East Indies.

823. Pomacentrus semifasciatus Ginther. Boston I., Marshall Group.

Pomacentrus semifasciatus Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 226, with plate, 1873, Boston I.
This species was not seen by us.
824. Pomacentrus jenkinsi Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.

825. Pomacentrus analis Macleay. New Guinea.
Pomacentrus analis Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1883, 364.

826. Pomacentrus melanopterus Bleeker. Pu sina; Twu’u. Samoa; East Indies.

Pomacentrus megalops Sauvage, Poiss. Madagascar, 426; after Liénard.

Ten specimens from Apia. This species is easily separated from P. nigricans and other black
species by the large black spot covering the whole base of the pectoral. From most of the black
species it may be known by the presence of 13 dorsal spines, there being but 12 in P. nigricans and P.
lividus.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, called tw’u’u, all black, a large jet black spot or cross bar on
base of pectoral; belly with coppery shade; gray spots on scales.

827. Pomacentrus littoralis Kuhl & Van Hasselt. Tahiti; Caroline Is.; Waigiu; Guam; Shortland
I.; Raiatea and Makatea (Seale); East Indies.

This species is distinguished by the presence of 13 dorsal spines, a plain dusky coloration with a
black spot on the tip of the opercle only, and a strongly serrate suborbital. In P. inornatus, which is
similarly colored, this bone is nearly entire. In P. nigricans, P. lividus, and its allies or variations
there are 12 dorsal spines.

This species was not taken by us. The species called P. emarginatus and P. chrysurus are almost
certainly identical. They would be certainly placed in P. littoralis were it not stated that the caudal
is yellow, and there is no mention of an opercular spot. According to Sauvage, the /.tioralis of Bleeker
is a different species, properly called Pomacentrus pristiger Cuvier & Valenciennes.

828. Pomacentrus inornatus De Vis. Samoa.
Pomacentrus inornatus (misprinted niomatus) De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1884, 451, South Seas.

Three specimens from Apia. This fish is plain blackish, without spot. The nose is distinctly
blacker than the rest of the body. There are 13 dorsal spines, largely enveloped in the scaly sheath,
and the suborbital is almost entire, without the strong retrorse serrations seen in most of the other
black species. The species is certainly identical with P. inornatus of De Vis. Pomacentrus emargimatus
seems to differ in the strongly serrated preorbital.

829. Pomacentrus nigricans Lacépéde. Twwu. Samoa; Fiji; Tonga; Palau; Ponape; Tahiti;
Raiatea; Marquesas I. and Faté (Seale); East Indies.

Pomacentrus scolopseus Quoy & Gaimard; Pomacentrus teniops Lesson.
1} }

This species is very abundant in all the pools on all the coral reefs of Upolu and Tutuila. It may
be known from its intimate associate, P. lividus, with which Bleeker has confounded it, by the narrow
preorbital, more extensively scaled forward. In both species there are 12 dorsal spines, and the
preorbital is strongly serrated. Usually the color of the body is plain dusky olive, without blue
spots. The dusky spot or shade on soft dorsal and on axil of pectoral is variously developed, some-
times very distinct, sometimes obscure. The blue stripe on the suborbital is usually but not always

distinct.
B. B. F.1905—19

282 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Either this species or P. aibofasciatus must be the original P. nigricans of Lacépéde. In view of
the fact that albofasciatus is perhaps a color variation, or else the female of scolopseus, we may adopt
the name nigricans for the latter or for both.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, greenish black; a sharp pale streak below eye; base of
pectoral black; spinous dorsal, anal and base of soft dorsal and caudal blackish; pectoral bright
yellow; rest of soft dorsal and caudal bright yellow, brightest behind.

A specimen called tw wu, from Apia, was sooty; middle of body paler olivaceous, darker above, livid
bluish below; two blackish cross shades under front of dorsal; posterior parts and head black; opercle,
iris, space below eye violet; axil black; fins all black, paler behind; axils of dorsal and anal very black.

A young individual from the same locality was olive; brownish anteriorly, yellowish behind mid-
dle; dorsal dull orange, with a large jet-black spot in the axil; caudal golden; anal black, with orange
shade; pectoral golden with a black spot in the axil; ventral plac

The original Pomacentrus nigricans is described from an unknown locality in the Pacific. It is
plain blue-black, the depth half the length, the preorbital serrate; dorsal xm, 17, anal u, 15. It can
be no other species, as the other black ones haye 13 dorsal spines. Pomacentrus nigricans of Quoy &
Gaimard and of later writers is Pomacentrus jenkinsi, a species with 13 dorsal spines.

830. Pomacentrus albofasciatus Schlegel. Ulavapua. Samoa; Palau I.; East Indies.

This species or form is abundant about Samoa, swarming in the crevices of the reefs. We have
over a hundred specimens from Apia and Pago Pago. It is dull-colored, usually blue-black, with a
broad whitish cross-band on the posterior part of the body. This band is never wholly absent.
There is also a black pectoral spot and a black blotch, not ocellated on the last rays of the dorsal.
This species is regarded by Gunther as a variety of P. scolopseus. We find no difference except in the
presence of the broad pale cross-band in albofusciatus. This is wanting in S. nigricans. It is usually
but not always present in the form or species called eclipticus, which has in addition a short very white
bar before the black dorsal spot. The three forms agree in all other regards, and are probably, as
Dr. Giinther has indicated, variations of Pomacentrus scolopseus, or Pomacentrus nigricans, to adopt the
earliest name given to any of these dusky species with 12 dorsal spines. All the dusky species of
Pomacentrus have 13 dorsal spines, excepting Pomacentrus nigricans and its allies or variations. Eight
of our specimens of Pomacentrus albofasciatus are females. Two are apparently male, but may possibly
be spent females. Both males and females are found among the specimens of nigricans and eclipticus.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, brown with vertical pale blue streaks on many of the
scales; a broad, yellowish-white cross-band under last dorsal spines; a violet-pink streak below eye;
violet scale above axil; axil black, as also base of pectoral; dorsal colored like body; first three spines
black, rest pale; soft dorsal with large black blotch in axil; caudal dull olive-gray; anal similar, with
violet dots on scales at base, and with violet edge; ventral dusky with thin violet edge; pectoral dull.

A specimen from Apia, called ulavapua, was dirty olive; a yellowish cross-band under soft dorsal.

831. Pomacentrus eclipticus Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3.20 in length; depth 2.20; eye 3 in head, equal to interorbital space; dorsal xu, 15; anal m1,
12; scales 3-29-9, 19 in lateral line.

Body oblong, compressed, elevated, scales covering head and body; caudal peduncle 2 in head, its
depth equal to its length; mouth small, its angle under anterior margin of eye; a single row of rather _
flat cutting teeth in each jaw, no teeth on vomer or palatines; opercle with a single flat spine on mar-
gin; preopercle strongly denticulate also, its width at angle of mouth equal to pupil, directly below
median line of eye, preorbital width two-thirds of pupil; gillrakers not very sharp, the longest two-
thirds width of pupil, 9 on lower limb; spines of dorsal graduated posteriorly, the last being the longest,
2 in head; first dorsal spine less than eye; middle ray of soft dorsal the longest, 1.45 in head; base of
anal 1.25 in head, its longest spine about equal to base; pectoral 1.10 in head, its tip on line with 11th
scale of lateral line; first rays of ventral slightly elongate, extending to anal opening, the length
slightly greater than head; caudal forked, the lobes rounded, the upper one slightly the longer, about
equal to head.

Color in spirits ranges from light yellowish brown to dark brown, almost black; the type specimen
is light yellowish brown, with slight shading of dusky on head and upper surface of body; all speci-
mens show a distinctive black spot in axil of soft dorsal with a white spot of equal size and shape just
anterior to the dark spot; in size this dark spot is equal to the orbit in height and two-thirds of orbit

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 283

in width; a very distinct black spot on the upper base of pectorals which extends into the axil of the
fins; a more or less distinct blue line on preorbitals, and there may be 3 or 4 indistinct pearl-colored
spots on the opercles or cheeks; dorsal fin with a black blotch near margin of 3-4 spines, with a
yellowish white line below; in general, the fins follow the shading of color shown on the body, the
dorsal with a narrow margin of dusky, the anal with a dusky blotch; ventral with a dusky wash;
iris blue.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, dull brownish, paler behind middle of body; fins plain; a
large black spot on last rays of soft dorsal; a large golden one before it; a black spot in anal axil, one
in pectoral axil, and one on opercle. ;

A specimen from Pago Pago was black, blacker on base of last dorsal and anal rays; a short,
vertical whitish bar just before the spot on dorsal; a black blotch on base of pectoral, covering axil;
fins all black, the caudai and soft dorsal a little paler at tip; iris brownish; preopercle serrate, a faint
rather broad blue streak below eye to tip of snout.

Fie. 50.—Pomacentrus eclipticus Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

Of this abundant species or form, we have about 30 examples from Apia and 10 from Pago Pago.
The species may be known by its plain coloration, the pectoral spot being distinct and the dorsal spot
still more so, preceded by a short vertical bar, which is typically pure white. Among our specimens are
both males and females, a fact which shows that this is not the male of Pomacentrus albofasciatus.
For the present we may regard it as a distinct species.

The type is no. 51735, U. 8. National Museum, from Apia; length 3 inches.

832. Pomacentrus lividus (Forster). Twwusueuli; I’w sina. Samoa; Vayau; Ponape; Boston I.;
Borabora; Huahine; Santa Cristina; Fiji; Marcus I.; Tahiti; Guam; Faté; Nukahiva and
Raiatea (Seale).

Chetodon lividus (Forster), Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 235, 1801, Bolabola.

Eupomacentrus lividus, Bleeker, Pomac., 73, 1877, East Indies generally.

Pomacentrus lividus, Sauvage, Poiss. Madagascar, 426.

Pomacentrus punctatus, Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, 395, taf. 64, fig. 1, 1824, Ie de France. Giinther, Cat., Iv,
29. Kner, Novara Fische, 243, Tahiti, Nicobar Is. Seale, Bishop Museum, 1901, 80, Guam. Bryan «& Herre,
Bishop Museum, 1903, Marcus I.

Pomacentrus prosopotxnoides Bleeker, Amboina and Ceram, 286.

Pomacentrus cyanospilos Bleeker, Ceram, 11, 709, Ceram. Gunther, Cat., Iv, 30, East Indies. Giinther, Fische der
Slidsee, 229, taf., Boston I., Upolu, Vayau, Ponape, Huahine, Borabora, Santa Cristina.

Pomacentrus vitianus Sauvage, Bull. Phil. Soe., 111, 1879, 206, Viti Levu (Fiji).

This large species is very abundant in the rock pools of the coral reefs of Samoa. It is found in
company with Pomacentrus nigricans, which it much resembles. It is, however, easily distinguished

2984 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

by the broad naked preorbital, a character well shown in Gtinther’s plate. The blue or whitish spots
are generally conspicuous, especially on the sides of the head.

We can not see that Pomacentrus vitianus Sauvage differs in any respect from Pomacentrus lividus.

Life colors of various specimens were noted as follows: ‘

(L) From Pago Pago. Violet-black, with three obscure black cross-bands; eye bluish; a violet
stripe below eye to snout; a violet shade on opercle; a faint dark blotch at base of pectoral; no spot,
either black or white, in axil of dorsal; fins all black.

(2) Same locality. Black body and fins; axil with a black spot extending on base of pectoral;
anal edged with violet-blue; fins all black.

(3) From same locality; specimen called 7’w sina (white tail). All black, unspotted; axil and
broad bar across base of pectoral black; edge of dorsal, anal, and caudal dull whitish.

(4) From Apia. Grayish black mottled with sooty gray; a round black opercular spot; no other
markings; ventral black.

(5) From Apia. Dull olive brown, each scale posteriorly with a black spot; dorsal dusky, the
soft dorsal dull yellow at base, with a curved black bar behind it; anal similarly marked; caudal dull
yellow at base; pectoral dull orange; ventral brownish.

(6) From Apia; fins low. All grayish black; base of dorsal, anal, and caudal golden washed;
axil dark.

833. Pomacentrus devisi Jordan & Seale, new name. South Seas.

Pomacentrus trifasciatus De Vis, Proe. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1884, 452, South Seas; name preoccupied,
p P

834. Pomacentrus onyx De Vis. South Seas.
Pomacentrus onyx De Vis, Proce. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1884, 451, South Seas.

ABUDEFDUF “@ Forskal.

(Glyphisodon Lacépéde; Stegastes Jenyns; Chrysiptera Swainson; Euschistodus Gill; Paraglyphi-
dodon, Glyphidodontops, Hemiglyphidodon, and Amblyglyphidodon Bleeker. )

835. Abudefduf sordidus (Forskal). Ulavapua. Samoa; Hawaii; Tahiti; Raiatea; Bonham_I.;
Faté and Makatea (Seale); East Indies.

This species, recognizable by its large size, by faint dark cross-bands, and the black spot below
the axil of the dorsal, is common throughout the tropical Pacific. It is abundant both at Hawaii and
Samoa, but is found among lava rocks only, not about the coral reefs. A specimen from Apia in life
had six dark cross-bands and the usual spot at base of last dorsal ray.

a We have referred the question of the propriety of the use of Abudefduf instead of Glyphisodon, and of the rejection of
Abuhamrur, Farer,and other quasi subgeneric names of Forskal, to our friend Dr. Leonard Stejneger. From a letter dated
November 23, 1904, we quote his view of the matter, with which we fully concur:

“Forskal, we are informed, based his nomenclature and systematic arrangement principally on Linnzeus, 10th ed.,
probably the only systematie work he had with him. It is therefore of importance to examine into the ‘subdivisiones”’
of genera which Linnzeus employed. He has four kinds, for instance:

1. Perca, p. 289. 3. Salmo, p. 308.
X. Pinnis dorsalibus 2 distinctis. , X. Trutte.
XX. Dorso monopterygio, etc., ete. XX. Osmeri.
2. Cimex, p. 441. XXX. Coregoni.
a, Apteri. 4. Gryllus, p. 425.
b. Seutellati. X. Mantis.
c. Coleoptrati, ete. XX. Acridia.

XXX. Bulla, ete.

Only the fourth kind of subdivision corresponds exactly to our subgenus, but the names of subdivision 3 are by common
consent treated as subgenera and used as such in the singular (thus by yourself and Dr. Evermann in Fisbes of North
and Mid. America). Of course the names of the second division have never been used in this sense, and 1n No. 1 there
are no names.

The question as to Forskal’s names then resolves itself to which of these categories they are to be referred. If they
are used as subgenera, or in a subgeneric sense like category 3, we must accept them.

It seems then to me that Abudefduf comes within category 4. Both Chwtodon and Acanthurus are in the singular, and
Abudefduf is in no manner distinguishable from them.

On the other hand, Perca dentibus Louti, Daba, Scarus dentibus Sidjan, Abu djubbe, Harid, fall under category 1.

The subdivisions of Sciwna (p. 44) seem to me to be very much of a similar character, or, rather, they correspond
almost exactly to the modern way of subdividing ‘‘commode’’ such large genera according to groups of species, which we

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 285

836. Abudefduf septemfasciatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Mutu; Alala saya. Samoa; Guam;
Faté; Shortland I.; Rarotonga; Raiatea and Makatea (Seale); East Indies.
Of this well-marked species we have four large examples from Apia. Life colors of one of these,
called mutu, dull olive, with black bars, six wider than interspaces; silvery streaks faint along rows
of scales; pale whitish streak along spinous dorsal; everything else pale.

837. Abudefduf saxatilis (Linneeus). Samoa; Waigiu; Tubuai (Seale); Marcus I.; East Indies;
Japan.
This species, common from Japan to the Red Sea, is occasionally taken in the South Seas.. We
haye one large example, corresponding to Abudefduf waigiensis from Apia. In Hawaii it is replaced
by Abudefduf abdominalis, and in America by the equally closely related Abudefduf marginatus.

838. Abudefduf abdominalis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii; Laysan.

839. Abudefduf ccelestinus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). ili mana. Samoa; Ulietea; New Guinea;
Waigiu; Tahiti; Raiatea; Faté and Shortland Is. (Seale). (Pl. xxr, fig. 1.)

This species is very common about Samoa, nearly a hundred specimens being taken at Apia and
Pago Pago. It is perfectly well distinguished from Abudefduf saxatilis, and rarely inhabits the same
waters. Its life color is pale sky-blue, not olive-green, and the black stripe on each lobe of the caudal
is constant.

A specimen from Apia in life was vivid sky-blue with paler streaks along scales; cross-bands jet
black, a black stripe on each caudal lobe.

840. Abudefduf curacao (Bloch). New Guinea (Macleay); Shortland I. (Seale); East Indies;
Japan.

841. Abudefduf dicki(Liénard). Tw’wu. Samoa; Ponape; Guam; East Indies. (Pl. x11, fig. 2.)

Glyphisodon unifasciatus Kner & Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1867, 375, Samoa,

Of this handsome and well-marked species half a dozen specimens were taken at Apia. Life
colors of one of these, called tw’wu, golden brown, dark, each scale with a vertical bar of dark blue; a
large jet-black crescent from front of soft dorsal across body and covering most of anal; behind this
abruptly pale orange-red, the color covering caudal peduncle, caudal and last rays of dorsal and anal;
older examples have color deeper, clear orange-red behind black crescent; pectoral bright golden
yellow, dusky behind; ventral blackish; head plain.

842. Abudefduf lacrymatus (Quvy & Gaimard). J’u samasama (yellow tail). Samoa; Guam;
Yap; Howland I.; East Indies.

Of this well-marked species, black, with bluish white well differentiated spots, we haye three
specimens from Apia.

Life colors of a specimen called 7’ uv samasama, black, with scattered round spots of deep violet-blue,
on head, nose, back and sides, also on dorsal; caudal peduncle, caudal and posterior part of soft
dorsal abruptly pale -rayish yellow, the color of the ginger flower; fins otherwise black, the anal
washed with orange; dorsal and spinous anal with violet spots; ventral black, edged with blue; axil
a little dusky.

Another specimen was black (brownish) with bright violet shade on opercle and preorbital and
numerous violet-blue spots on spinous dorsal, which has a narrow blue edging; axil black, dorsal
black, its last rays abruptiy bright orange; caudal dusky orange-brown; anal black with pale blue
anterior edge; pectoral dusky; ventral blackish. :

848. Abudefduf behni (Bleeker). Samoa; Rarotonga (Seale).
Of this species, pale brownish black, with a black axillary spot, we have one fine specimen
fromeApian/ (iy pine — =

do not wish to split up nomenclatorially. It is asif I should say the enormous genus of Rana can be subdivided for the
sake of convenience into (1) the temporaria group; (2) the esculenta group, ete. That Forskil (or his editor) uses capitals
and an upper case capital initial means nothing, for he also has ‘‘ (C) Immaculate" exactly like Abu hamrur.

The case of the Sciwnas, i. e., Abu hamrur, etc., is not exactly like that of Abudefduf, and I believe there is just
difference enough to draw the line just between them. I do not believe they fulfill the conditions for being subgenera,
while Abudefduf does.

”

286 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

844. Abudefduf melas (Bleeker). Laysan (Steindachner); East Indies.

845. Abudefduf nigrifrons (Macleay). New Guinea (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1884, 271).
846. Abudefduf bimaculatus (Macleay). New Guinea.

847. Abudefduf leucogaster (Bleeker). Shortland I. (Seale); East Indies.

848. Abudefduf pallidus (De Vis). New Guinea.
Abudefduf pallidus De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1884, 452.

849. Abudefduf imparipennis (Vaillant & Sauvage). Hawaii.

850. Abudefduf filamentosus (Macleay). New Guinea.
Abudefduf filamentosus Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1883, 368.

851. Abudefduf plagiometopon (Bleeker). New Guinea (Macleay).

852. Abudefduf emamo (Lesson). Borabora.
Glyphisodon emamo Lesson, Voy. Coquille, 190, 1830, Borabora.

853. Abudefduf sindonis (Jordan & Evermann). Hawaii.
854. Abudefduf bankieri (Richardson). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
855. Abudefduf anabatoides (Bleeker). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

856. Abudefduf glaucus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Samoa; Guam; East Indies.
Glyphisodon glaucus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss.,v. 475, 1880, Guam.
Glyphisodon modestus Schlegel, Amphipr., 23, tab. 6, fig. 2, East Indies. Bleeker, Pomacentride, 131. Bleeker, Atlas
Ichth., tab. rv, fig. 9, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Amboina. Giinther, Cat., Iv, 55, Java.
Glyphisodon phaiosoma Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen., x x11, Ichth. Bali, 9, Bali.

This species is common about Samoa, where about 100 specimens were taken. It resembles
Abudefduf zonatus, but is of a washed-out blue color in life without white bar or black ocellus.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, pale sooty olive, yellowish on belly; fins all grayish; pre-
opercle and preorbital with pale edge; a dull orange tint on soft dorsal and caudal; pectoral deep
yellow, soiled with dusky; anal dark-edged anteriorly.

Another specimen from Apia was violet-blackish with green luster; fins all pale bluish with
yellowish tinge; ventral bright yellow; no fin spots; three whitish spots violet-tinged on sides on
level of pectoral, O-shaped; more of these on other side and irregular.

857. Abudefduf zonatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Tw’wu. Samoa; Fiji; New Guinea; East Indies.
Glyphisodon zonatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 483, 1830, New Guinea. Bleeker, Pomacentride,
138, and Atlas, 407, fig. 8, Cocos, Java, Borneo, Celebes, Ceram, Amboina, New Guinea.
Glyphisodon brownriggii Ginther, Fische der Siidsee, 232, taf. 127, figs. c, m, a; not of Bennett.
Glyphisodon rossii Bleeker, Kokos, 48, Cocos I.
Glyphisodon albocinctus Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 351, Fiji. 7
Glyphisodon leucozona Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 350, Savay; not of Bleeker.
Glyphisodon cingulatus Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LVI, 1867, 725, Fiji.

This little species is very common about Samoa, 150 specimens, of all sizes, being taken. None
shows blue stripes or lines, and nearly all have a single white bar on each side. This is lost in the
very oldest. In the largest of all is a distinct whitish blotch on the soft dorsal near its last rays.

Life colors of various specimens were noted as follows:

(1) Specimen called tw’wu, from Apia. All blackish, with pale centers to scales; head reticulated
gray and blackish; a black speck at end of opercle; caudal with yellowish shade at base; fins otherwise
black; caudal and soft dorsal paler behind; pectoral dusky and black.

(2) From Apia. Dusky olive; a white cross-bar under middle of body; a black ocellus edged
with white on last dorsal spines; dorsal pinkish dusky, other fins all dusky.

(3) From Pago Pago. Blue-blackish; a broad whitish gray cross-band; an obscure black spot
under last dorsal spines; a jet-black spot in axil of last dorsal ray; dorsal dull orange, blackish at base;
caudal dull orange; pectoral yellow, axil black; ventral and anal blackish.

(4) From Apia. Deep steel-blue, each scale with a paler center along side; a distinct white band
under middle of soft dorsal; dorsal black at base, the upper two-fifths orange, not very bright; belly
dusky; no opercular spot or ocellus; caudal dull orange, the edge dark; anal all blue-black, as is also
ventral; pectoral golden, a black bar across its base, the axil dark.

THE _ISHES OF SAMOA. 287

(5) From Apia. Blackish; large white stripes along rows of scales; a whitish bar below middle
of spinous dorsal; dorsal and anal dusky; soft dorsal half dusky, the tip dull orange; anal almost all
dusky; caudal dull orange; pectoral bright golden, no ocelli; ventral black.

(6) From Apia. Blue-black; each scale on front part of sides with a pale gray spot; a vertical!
whitish bar below middle of spinous dorsal; dorsal dusky bluish below, the upper half dull orange
with a pale lateral streak; anal blue-black; caudal sooty; pectoral yellow; ventral blackish.

858. Abudefduf hemimelas (Kner). Fiji.
Glyphisodon hemimelas Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1868, pl. VIII, fig. 25, 351, Fiji.
Glyphidodon brownriggti var. hemimelas, Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 233.
This species is not known to us. From the figures of Kner and Giinther, it would seem to be a
species distinct from A. zonatus. Dr. Giinther regards it asa ‘‘variety’’ of ‘‘ Glyphidodon brownriggii;”’
that is, of Abudefduf zonatus.

859. Abudefduf amabilis (De Vis). Samoa; Tahiti; Oualan; Faituna; Fiji; Ponape. (Pl. xxi,
fig. 1.)
Glyphisodon amabilis De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W., 1884, 452, South Seas.
Glyphidodon brownriggii var. xanthozona Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 234, taf. 127, fig. p, Oualan, Futuna, Samoa,
Tahiti, Ponape; not Glyphisodon xanthozona Bleeker.

This species is very abundant about Samoa. Dr. Giinther regards it as a ‘“‘variety”’ of Abudefduf —
zonatus (‘‘brownriggti”’) from which it differs wholly in color, though in little else. It is near xantho-
zona of Bleeker, but that species has yellow fins and a black ocellus on the dorsal, which is largely
yellow.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, blue-black; two yellowish white cross-bands; opercles orange;
an orange streak across axil; base of pectoral dusky; dorsal dusky with a light brown tip; caudal dusky
at base, then creamy with a dusky median blotch; pectoral pale yellowish.

860. Abudefduf antjerius (Kuhl & Van Hasselt). Twwu. Samoa; Guam; New Ireland; Strong
I.; New Guinea; East Indies. (Pl. xum, fig. 2.)
Glyphisodon antjerius Kuh] & Van Hasselt, Anjer (Java). Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 481, 1830, Java.
Giinther, Cat., Iv, 50 (in part). Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 233. Seale, Bishop Museum, 1901, 83, Guam.
Glyphisodon biocellatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., y, 482, 1830, Guam, Strong I., Java, New Guinea.
Peters, Berl. Mon., 1876, 843, New Ireland.
Glyphisodon punctulatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 484, 1830, Guam.

This species is known to us from about 40 small specimens. It is near Abudefduf zonatus, but it
never has a white lateral cross-band, and it always has a vivid blue stripe from snout to dorsal. Other
blue dots and lines are usually present as well as a black ocellus near middle of dorsal fin. As our
specimens differ widely from Abudefduf leucopomus, and from zonatus of the same size, we must regard
antjerius as a species distinct from zonatus, brownriggii, and leucopomus.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, called tw’w’u, blue-black above, a bright sky-blue stripe from
eye to front of dorsaf; a blue-black ocellus surrounded by sky-blue on last rays of spinous dorsal;
a much smaller one on last ray at base; a blue dot in axil; body becoming more orange-yellow backward
and downward; pectoral, soft dorsal and caudal brilliant yellow; anal orange-red, edged with dark;
pectoral orange, with anal dark-edged.

Another specimen from Apia was steel-blue, not brilliant, each scale with a vertical pale dash; a
pale shade under front of spinous dorsal; a large black spot under spinous dorsal, a smaller one in axil
of soft dorsal; dorsal orange, edged with dark; caudal yellowish orange with a black edging; caudal
peduncle and anal orange, edged with black; ventral black; pectoral golden.

861. Abudefduf leucopomus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Twwu. Samoa; Oualan; Guam; Nukahiva;
Rarotonga (Seale). (Pl. xuut, fig. 1.)
Glyphisodon leucopomus Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vy, 480, Oualan (Caroline Is.).
Glyphidodon brownriggii, “ Bastarde zwischen G. brownriggii und G. wniocellatus,”’ Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 240,
235, taf. 128, fig. B, Apia, Oualan.
? Glyphisodon antjerius Bleeker; not of Cuvier & Valenciennes.

This species, one of the prettiest of the taupos, or damsel fishes, is common about the reefs of
Samoa, where about 50 specimens were taken. All these, young or old, have a broad blue stripe
along side of back. Some are otherwise nearly plain golden, others show traces of dark cross-bands.
The clear-colored ones are in general the largest and brightest examples.

288 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

A, brownriggii, of Ceylon and the East Indies, has a similar blue dorsal stripe, but according to the
figures of Bennett, Bleeker and Day it lacks the large black spot at upper base of caudal. All our
specimens in spirits have the opercle white, with a black spot at tip. The species may, however,
prove inseparable from A. brownriggii.

Life colors were noted in various specimens as follows:

(1) From Apia. Bluish-black with blue and golden dots; a vivid blue stripe on each side of back;
a black ocellus below soft dorsal; a larger one at base of caudal above; opercle golden with a black
spot; axil not black; caudal peduncle before spot pale; dorsal orange and dusky bluish in alternate
stripes; caudal orange-yellow; anal yellowish with oblique bluish stripes, very faint, the outer rays
dusky; belly yellow, the breast and throat dark blue; ventral dusky orange; pectoral golden.

(2) From Apia. Blue-olive, with many blue dots; belly and tail golden; a broad vivid blue stripe
along back; two black spots above it, the second in axil of last ray largest; a black band nearly across
base of caudal; opercle golden with a black spot; a golden bar behind pectoral; fins all golden, the
soft dorsal and anal orange at tip; first dorsal soiled with bluish; anal with a blue anterior edge.

(3) From Apia. Olive, a broad stripe of intense blue from snout above to base of caudal above,
the two meeting around snout and around dorsal; a’broad black median band on top of head to nape;
two deep blue-black spots under soft dorsal, in front and in axil, the second the larger; a small spot at
upper base of dorsal; belly gradually yellow; dorsal, anal, caudal, and ventral deep orange; pectoral
a little paler; a blue streak along lower side of eye.

(4) From Pago Pago. Golden; blue back; two ocelli.

862. Abudefduf uniocellatus (Quoy & Gaimard). Tauwpou. Samoa; Fiji; Tonga; Marquesas Is.;
Futuna; Vanicolo; New Hanover; East Indies. (Pl. xxi, fig. 2.)
(?Glyphisodon assimilis Gunther. )

This beautiful species is very common about Samoa, where about 100 specimens were taken on the
reefs. There is some difference in the color of the sexes, the females having the’ dorsal more or less
yellow, the fin in the males being blue.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, called taupo, most vivid blue with violet cross-streaks on back;
scales on side with yellow dots; belly and lower part of side abruptly yellow; dorsal deep blue, the
edge almost black, with a pale violet-blue median band; soft dorsal with an indigo-black blotch at
base of last rays, anterior edge indigo-black, the median part blue-violet; caudal deep orange, bluish
at base and above, the upper edge indigo-black; anal deep orange, its axil blue; pectoral and ventral
blue, the ventral with some orange shade.

A specimen from Pago Pago was of deepest clear blue, sides with many small round golden spots;
sides of head with violet specks; a black-violet streak from snout to eye, and upward and backward;
three dark spots forming this streak; belly clear orange-yellow; dorsal deep blue; a large black blotch
at base of last rays: soft dorsal pale orange, deep blue at base, the margin deep blue black; caudal
orange-red, blue at base, the upper margin deep blue black; ventral orange-red, blue-edged; pectoral
colorless.

863. Abudefduf taupou Jordan & Seale, new species. Vaiuli sama; Taupou. (Pl. xin, fig. 3.)

oy

Head 3.75 in length; depth 2.75; eye 3 in head, equal to interorbital space; dorsal xin, 11;
anal 11, 11; scales 2-16-9.

Body, oblong, compressed; snout rounded; a single row of fine compressed teeth in each jaw;
preorbital narrow, about one-half as wide as pupil, its marginsmooth and rounded; marginof preopercle
smooth; head, excepting snout, scaled; depth and length of caudal peduncle equal, and equal to post-
ocular part of head; fourth dorsal spine 1.50 in head; the soft rays of dorsal much longer, about equal
to head; pectoral equal to head; ventral prolonged into a filament which reaches beyond origin of
anal; caudal more or less rounded.

Color in spirits a deep slaty blue black; the belly abruptly yellowish white; a distinct black spot
on posterior base of soft dorsal at axil; an indistinct black line extending back from the posterior of
orbit; Gorsal fin washed with yellowish white and having a distinct black margin which extends out
to tip of fin; the lower half of fin blue; caudal yellowish white; the upper ray black; anal yellowish;
ventral yellowish. Some specimens have a wash of dusky on base of anal and base of caudal.

The female fish is without the dark margin to dorsal and caudal, the fins being uniform yellowish
white in spirits.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 289

Life colors of various specimens were noted as follows:

(1) From Apia. Deep sapphire-blue or ultramarine; no spots; belly abruptly golden; dorsal bril-
liant scarlet, the last rays bluish with a’small dark spot in axil; caudal dull bluish; anal orange; ven-
tral orange; pectoral blue; a dark stripe through eye and a median one on top of head; these and the
dorsal ocellus more distinct in the young.

(2) From Apia. Deep sky-blue; belly abruptly greenish yellow; a black stripe from snout to
dorsal above; a black stripe from snout through eye to beginning of lateral line; spinous dorsal bril-
liant scarlet; soft dorsal pale brownish, with a large black spot at its base; caudal brownish; anal
orange-red, deeper before; ventral orange; pectoral purplish, rather dark.

(3) From Pago Pago. Violet-blue, almost uniform above; belly abruptly orange-yellow; a black
median streak above head; black streak through eye and snout; black streaks and dots on side of head
and shoulder; first dorsal uniform scarlet; second dorsal duller, with large jet-black spot at base; cau-
dal bluish, slightly tinged with orange; ventral and anal orange-red; pectoral dusky; no axillary or
opercular spot; side with numerous fine yellow spots visible under lens.

(4) From Pago Pago. Vivid deep blue, the belly and throat from chin abruptly yellow; a narrow
black streak through snout and eye up and back to shoulder; a large black spot at base of soft dorsal;
spinous dorsal deep scarlet, the soft dorsal and caudal pale bluish; anal and ventrals scarlet; pectoral
plain; no spots on axil or opercle.

(5) From Apia. Deepest azure blue, finely dotted with golden on sides; belly whitish; spinous
dorsal light vivid scarlet, dusky at base; soft dorsal pale blue, with a large black non-ocellated spot on
base, the anterior edge scarlet; caudal pale blue; pectoral same; ventral and anal scarlet.

The specimen of Abudefduf azureus figured by Quoy & Gaimard, from Guam, probably belongs
to Abudefduf taupo. ‘The original type of Abudefduf azureus, earlier called Abudefduf cyaneus by the
same writers, isfrom Timor. This species, Abudefduf cyaneus, is not yet known from the South Seas.

This most beautiful little fish differs from A. uniocellatus in the scarlet spinous dorsal fin. About
eight specimens were taken at Apia and Pago Pago.

In company with Pomacentrus pavo, Abudefduf uwniocellatus, aril other dainty blue species, this fish
is known as taupo (damsel, village belle) at Samoa.

The type specimen is no. 51741, U. 8. National Museum, from Apia, length 2.50 inches.

864. Abudefduf filholi (Sauvage). Fiji.
Glyphisodon filholi Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philoth., 1879, 111, 207, Fiji.

Fic. 51.—Abudefduf metallicus Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

865. Abudefduf metallicus Jordan & Seale, new species. Pipi. Samoa.

Head 3.50 in length; depth 2.50; eye 3.25 in head; interorbital 2.80 in head; snout equaling two-
thirds of eye; dorsal x1, 10; anal 1, 11; scale 2-17-7.

Body elongate, compressed, the pronlee evenly curved; head rounded; preorbital narrow, about
one-half the width of pupil, and very short, ending under anterior third of eye; preopercle not

290 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

toothed; opercle without spines; head entirely scaled except in front of nostrils; mouth small; a
single row of small compressed teeth in each jaw; tips of all the fins except pectorals prolonged more
or less into filaments; length of fifth dorsal spine 1.75 in head; pectoral equal to head; filament of
ventrals reaching to base of anal, the length of the ordinary rays being much less, 1.20 in head; mid-
caudal ray 1.20 in head, the outer caudal rays greatly prolonged.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia (elongate, with all fins produced), blue-black, paler below;
a black bar across base of pectoral; no other marks; fins all dusky-edged in a larger specimen
apparently the same.

Color in spirits, violet black, lighter below; a distinct black base to pectorals; fins blackish, the
pectoral and inner part of caudal lighter; the ventrals with slight wash of bluish.

Of this beautiful species, allied to Abudefduf cochinchinensis of Day, we have about ten examples
from Apia. The type is no. 51742, U. 8. National Museum, length 3.30 inches.

DASCYLLUS Cuvier.

Dascyllus Cuvier, Régne Animal, ed. 11, 1829a (aruanus).
Tetradrachmum Cantor, Malayan Fishes, 240, 1851; substitute for Dascyllus on account of the
prior Dascillus Latreille, 1796, a genus of Coleoptera.

866. Dascyllus aruanus (Linneeus). Mamo. Samoa; Tonga; Tahiti; Fiji; Guam; New Guinea;
Woodlark I.; Marquesas Is.; Shortland I. and Raiatea (Seale); East Indies.
This beautiful little fish is excessively common in the crevices of the coral reefs about Samoa.
About 200 examples were taken by us. It is generally diffused from Polynesia to the Red Sea, but it
does not occur about Hawaii. In life it is grayish dove-color with jet-black cross-bands.

867. Dascyllus melanurus Bleeker. Ponape; Shortland I. (Seale); East Indies.

868. Dascyllus trimaculatus (Riippell). Samoa; Louisiades; Aneiteum; New Guinea; East Indies.

Of this widely diffused species we obtained three specimens in Samoa. Life colors of a specimen
from Pago Pago, dusky purplish, the scales dark edged; ventral outline and caudal peduncle brassy;
dorsal black, with a row of golden spots; soft dorsal rather pale; caudal and anal bleached and golden;
ventral black, some golden; pectoral yellowish, a black axillary spot; a round white spot on each side
of back, distinct in our specimens, but very faint in others examined, from the Philippines.

869. Dascyllus albisella Gill. Hawaii.

This species is rather rare about the Hawaiian Islands, and has never been seen elsewhere. It is
very close to Dascyllus trimaculatus, but it has a white vertical bar where the latter species has a white
spot.

870. Dascyllus reticulatus (Richardson). Kandavu; New Britain; Ponape; New Guinea
(Macleay) .
Heliases reticulatus Richardson, Ich. Chin., 254, 1838, Canton.
Tetradrachmum reticulatum, Bleeker, Pomacentride, 145, 1877, East Indies, generally common.
Dascyllus xanthosomus Bleeker, Banda, 1,247, Banda. Giinther, Cat.,Iv,14, Borneo. Giinther, Fische der Stidsee,
237, Kandavu, New Britain, Ponape.
Pomacentrus unifasciatus Kner, Denk. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1869, 348, taf. 8, fig. 24, Kandavu.

This species of the East Indies was not taken by us.

871. Dascyllus unifasciatus (Kner).
Pomacentrus unifasciatus Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1868, 348, taf. 8, fig. 24, Kandavu.

This species is unknown to us. It is evidently very close to Dascyllus reticulatus, perhaps the same

species.
CHROMIS Cuvier.

872. Chromis ceruleus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Jl’a lanu-moana; Teatea; Mamo. Samoa; New
Guinea; Ulea; Palau I.; Paumotul.; Yap; Kingsmill I.; East Indies. (PI. xxiv, fig. 1.)

Heliases ceruleus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 497, 1880, New Guinea, Ulea; said to have 13 dorsal
spines.

Heliases frenatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., 498, Guam; said to have 13 dorsal spines.

Heliases lepisurus Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., 498, New Guinea.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 291

Chromis lepisurus, Bleeker, Pomacentride, 164; Atlas, 403, fig. 7, Cocos, Java, Celebes, Sumbawa, Flores, Aru, New
Guinea.

Glyphisodon bandanensis Bleeker, Ichth. Bijdr. Banda, Nat. T. Ned. Ind., 11, 248, Banda.

Heliases frenatus, Bleeker, N. Bijdr. Ich. Ceram., ibid., 710; perhaps not of Cuvier & Valenciennes.

Cantharus ceruleus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., V, 342.

Heliases ceruleus Bleeker, Vierde Bijdr. Ichth., Kokos-eil; Nat. T. Ned. Ind., v1, 455.

Heliases lepidurus, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 63. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 238, taf. 128, figs. c and p, Palau, Paumotu
Is., Yap, Kingsmill I.

Glyphisodon anabatoides Day, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, 696, Andaman Is.

Glyphisodon amboinensis Seale, Bishop Museum, 1901, 84, Guam; perhaps not H. amboinensis of Bleeker.

This beautiful species is very common about Samoa, where about 100 specimens were taken in
pools on the reefs. With a general blue-green coloration usually with small yellow dots, there is con-
siderable minor variation in the markings in this species. The pale blue frenum is probably never
wholly wanting, although much more conspicuous in some specimens than others.

Life colors were noted in various specimens as follows:

(1) From Pago Pago. Vivid steel-green, becoming violet-blue in spirits, silvery below; faint
bluish lines along sides of belly; fins all bluish; a large black spot on base of pectoral; a narrow clear
blue streak before eye; ventral sometimes pale, sometimes dusky; no other marks.

(2) From Apia; called mamo. Clear sky-blue with a strong greenish tinge, whitish below; no
yellow, orange or brown; side with 5 or 6 dark blue streaks like pencil marks along rows of scales;
axil with a blue-black spot; first dorsal deep bluish; caudal gray, with a bright blue stripe along each
lobe; other fins bluish.

(3) From Apia; called 7a lanu-moana or blue-fish, scales 25. Vivid sky-blue with bright reflec-
tions; finely dotted with black and with fine golden yellow spots, about one for each scale; belly
white; fins plain, like body; ventral darker; chin blue.

(4) From Apia. Vivid sky-blue, growing paler below; usually with small yellow dots anteriorly;
axil black; spinous dorsal blue black; soft dorsal and caudal mostly bright orange; anal vivid blue;
axil black; ventral pale; pectoral dusky.

(5) From Pago Pago. Clear blue-green, silvery below; some specimens rather green, others blue;
three pale blue streaks on side of body; base of pectoral dusky; back of caudal peduncle deep green;
fins dusky, without blue.

(6) From Pago Pago. Light blue; darker violet-blue on shoulder; whitish blue below golden on
caudal peduncle and below base of second dorsal; a black axil spot; fins all dusky blue, some yellow
on second dorsal; pectoral almost colorless; ventral posteriorly blackish

The nominal species cxruleus and frenatus are doubtless identical with Chromis lepisurus, in which
case the name cwruleus has precedence. The type of ceruleus is said to have 13 dorsal spines, while
Chromis lepisurus has 12. No other difference appears in the description. Chromis frenatus has a more
distinct blue stripe from the snout to the eye, and the caudal lobes less produced. Both these char-
acters are seen in young specimens. In some of our specimens especially, but not always the smaller
ones, there is a sharply defined narrow blue streak from eye to snout, as in frenalus. In others there
is a faint pale streak, and in some a dark streak a little lower down, or on the lower edge of the pale
streak.

In response to a request to reexamine the original types of these species, Dr. Léon Vaillant writes
(October 12, 1904):

Les types de Heliases (ou Chromis) cxruleus, frenatus et H. lepisurus sont dans un etat de conservation qui en permet
facilement l’etude. Il y’a quatre exemplaires du Chromis lepisurus venant de la Nouvelle Guinée (No. 8754) deux du
Chromis cxruleus de la meme localite (No. 5644) sept du Chromis frenatus de Guam, (5744 et A 253.) Tousles animaux ont
ete rapportes par Quoy & Gaimard. Ce sont les types de 1’ Histoire des Poissons.

“Les caractéres donnes par les autores de ce travail étant du caractére de coloration ne se retrouvent guére sauf par
le trait argentée qui va de l'oeil au museau, quon yoit tres distinctement, et sur toutes les exemplaires du Chromis frenatus
mais en ce que tous les exemplaires sont sensiblement plus petit que ceux des deux autres espéces, ce pouvait etre un
caractere de jeune age, une sorte de livrée neoterique.

“\ premiere vue, ce Chromis frenatus m’avait paru assez different des Chromis lepisurus et Chromis cxruleus pour

“‘lesquelles identification ne sauriat pas faire de doute, mais en prenant les dimensions exactes et les reduisant propor-
tionellement a les longueurs donnés, j’ai pume convaincre que les differences de proportions n’etaient que apparent et
dues a les difficultés qu’on epreuve de comparer des exemplaires.

“Ton résumé, je partage tout a fait votre avis et pense comme yous que ces trois espéces n’en font qu'une, a peing
serait on autorise a regarder le Chromisfrenatus comme une yariété.”’

292 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Dr. Vaillant notes that the caudal angles are more prolonged in the specimens called Chromis
lepisurus, but a table of measurements sent by him shows no important difference in proportions.

873. Chromis analis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). J’a lanu-moana. New Guinea (Macleay); Samoa;
East Indies.

This well-marked species is common at Samoa, where about 25 specimens were taken. Life colors
of a very deep specimen from Apia, pale blue, light golden behind and on soft dorsal, anal, and caudal;
sides with a few narrow bronze lines; ventral white, dusky-edged, very long; caudal, dorsal, and
especially anal dark-margined; a little dusky shade at base of soft dorsal and anal-behind; iris blue; a
dark speck in pectoral axil.

874. Chromis ovalis (Steindachner). Hawaii.
875. Chromis elaphrus Jenkins. Hawaii.

C76. Chromis dimidiatus (Klunzinger). Tahiti; Raiatea; East indies.
Heliastes dimidiatus Klunzinger, Fische Rothen Meeres, 529, Red Sea.
Heliastes dimidiatus, Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 237, taf. 125, fig. B, Tahiti, Raiatea.
This species was not seen by us. It is very close to our Chromis iomelas, but according to the
figure of Dr. Giinther, and the description of Dr. Klunzinger, the posterior boundary of the black area
is at the front of the anal fin.

877. Chromis iomelas Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3.30 in length; depth 2; eye 2.10 into head, equal to interorbital; dorsal xu, 11; anal ir, 12;
scales 2}-16-8.

Body rather deep and stout; head scaled, except between and in front of nostrils; teeth small, in
several rows on each jaw; caudal peduncle short, its length equal to its depth; preorbital narrow,
equal to about one-half of pupil; fourth dorsal spine about equal to postocular part of head; lobes of
caudal prolonged into filaments; pectoral fin slightly longer than head; filamei.ts of ventral reaching
to base of anal.

Life colors, specimen from Pago Pago, anteriorly deep brownish black, abruptly pale lavender
behind, the color deepest anteriorly; a large black ocellus on base of pectoral; fins colored like rest of
body, the elongate caudal very pale lavender, the elongate ventral black.

In preserved specimens anterior from a line with base of fifth dorsal spine vertically down, the
color is brown; all posterior to this line is yellowish white; base of pectorals black; ventrals black; four
anterior dorsal spines black, the remainder of dorsal yellowish white; caudal and anal yellowish white.

This species is very close to Chromis dimidiatus, but the layender-colored caudal region begins
much in front of the anal fin. Three specimens were taken at Pago Pago. The type is no. 51743,
U. 8. National Museum, from Pago Pago; length 2.25 inches.

878. Chromis axillaris (Bennett). Raiatea (Seale); East Indies.

ACANTHOCHROMIS Gill.

Heptadecacanthus Alleyne & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1876, 343 (longicaudus).
879. Acanthochromis polyacanthus (Bleeker). Faté and New Hebrides (Seale); East Indies.

Family LABRIDA.
CHGROPS Riippell.
880. Chceerops anchorago (Bloch). Palau; Yap; New Hanover (Peters); New Guinea (Macleay).
(Cherops macrodontes Lacépéde. )
Cherops meander Cartier, fromthe Philippines, is doubtless the young of this species.
881. Cherops brenchlyi Giinther. Misol.
Cherops brenchlyi Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1872, 274.

882. Cherops cyanostolus (Richardson). New Guinea (Macleay); Australia; East Indies.

Cossyphus ommopterus Richardson, probably not Charops schoenleini of Bleeker; certainly not Cossyphus schoenleint
Agassiz.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 293

According to Giinther, the stuffed skin which is type of C. cyanostolus Richardson belongs to the
species called C. ommopterus by Richardson, on the next page. This species is characterized by the
black dorsal spot, which seems to be wanting in the true Chwrops schoenleini. Chorops schoenleini of
Bleeker has this spot, but also a pale spot beyond it, wanting in ©. cyanostolus. This seems to be the
same as Cherops unimaculata of Cartier.

883. Chcerops cyanodus (Richardson). Tahiti; Australia.

VERREO Jordan & Snyder.

884. Verreo oxycephalus Bleeker. Hawaii; New Guinea; Australia; Japan.

VERRICULUS Jordan & Evermann.

885. Verriculus sanguineus Jordan & Eyermann. Hawaii.

LEPIDAPLOIS Gill.
886. Lepidaplois axillaris (Bennett). New Hebrides; Ulea; Tahiti; PaumotuIs.; Guam; East
Indies.
887. Lepidaplois hirsutus (Lacépéde). Vavau (Giinther); East Indies.
888. Lepidaplois albotzniatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii; Johnston I.

This species, very abundant about Hawaii, was not taken by us at Samoa. It reaches a consid-
erable size, and is subject to some changes in color with growth.

We can not identify the Hawaiian species with Lepidaplois bilunulatus of the East Indies. The
latter species, according to Bleeker’s figure, has two broad, black curved stripes on the head, instead
of the narrow maroon streaks seen in our species. The incomplete account given by Cuvier bears out
this probable difference.

889. Lepidaplois strophodes Jordan & Eyvermann. Hawaii.

This species, thus far known from small specimens only, is occasionally taken about Hawaii.
The black blotch at base of soft dorsal behind extends across the body, forming a broad black bar.
This species is probably not the young of Lepidaplois alboteniatus, as supposed by Giinther, as we have
specimens of the latter of about the same size as the types of strophodes which have the characteristic
markings of the adult. Still it is possible that these are acquired by some examples at an earlier
stage than by others.

890. Lepidaplois modestus (Garrett). Hawaii.
891. Lepidaplois perditio (Quoy & Gaimard). Tonga; Saumarez Reefs; Aneiteum; Japan;
Mauritius.
NESIOTES De Vis.

892. Nesiotes purpurescens De Vis. South Seas.
Nesioles purpurescens De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1884, 453, South Seas.

LABROIDES Bleeker.

893. Labroides dimidiatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Samoa and Hawaii (Giinther); Palau; Yap;
New Hebrides; East Indies.
This species was not taken by us.

894. Labroides paradiszeus (Bloch). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
DUYMZERIA Bleeker.

895. Duymeria ceruleomaculata Giinther. Aneiteum: New Hebrides.

896. Duymeria nematoptera Bleeker. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

294 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

PSEUDOLABRUS Bleeker.

897. Pseudolabrus unilineatus Guichenot. Guam.
This species is perhaps the type of a distinct genus.

LABRICHTHYS Bleeker.

Labrichthys Bleeker, Flores, 331, 1854 (cyanotxnia).
Thysanochilus Kner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, xxiv, 1865, 5 (ornatus).
Cherojulis Kner & Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, Liv, 1867, 393 (castaneus); not of Gill.

898. Labrichthys cyanotznia (Bleeker). Sugale uliuli. Samoa; Kast Indies.
Labrichthys cyanotenia Bleeker, Bijdr. Ichth. Flores, Nat. T- Ned. Ind., vi, 331, 1854, Flores.
Thysanochilus cyanotenia Gunther, Fische der Sudsee, 242.
Thysanochilus ornatus Kner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, Xxrv, 1865, 5, taf. 3, fig. 1, Samoa.
Platyglossus ocellatus (or Platyglossus chrysotenia var.) Kner & Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, Liv, 1867, 377.
Upolu.
“anaes castaneus Kner & Steindachner, op. cit.. 393, fig., young, Upolu, same specimen as Platyglossus ocellatus.

We have 8 specimens of this dainty fish from Apia. It is notable for its small mouth and very
wide lips. There is a posterior canine tooth and 9 dorsal spines.

Life colors of a specimen called sugale uliuli, dark brown, almost black, with obscure stripes of
bronze and blue, very dark, and therefore faint; a black spot at base of pectoral; head with wavy
blue stripes, lips yellow; dorsal colored like body, with blue edge; anal with blue edge and blue
median stripe, elsewhere dark bronze; caudal like body at base, with blue curved streak, posterior
part black, the edge pale; ventral blue, with black stripe; pectoral dusky greenish yellow at base.

Another specimen from Apia was jet black, with two white longitudinal streaks, the upper from
end of snout to base of caudal, the other from throat alongside of belly to middle of anal; mouth
golden; fins black, the caudal white edged.

899. Labrichthys australis Steindachner. South Seas.
Labrichthys australis Steindachner, Ichth. Mitth., vii, 1866, 476, South Seas.

EPIBULUS Cuvier.

900. Epibulus insidiator (Pallas). Lapega; Gutu-ume. Samoa; Tahiti; New Guinea; Raiatea and
Faté (Seale); East Indies.

This singular fish, which early attracted attention, is common about Samoa. We have 49 exam-
ples from Apia and 10 from Pago Pago, and these well illustrate the wide variation in color exhibited
by this fish, it being dichromatic, some individuals bright yellow, others dark olive-brown.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia called lapega, dark lemon-yellow, brown on top of head, with
vertical bar of blackish on each scale; anal yellow and lower part of head yellow; spinous dorsal
brownish, yellow at base, then greenish yellow, then brownish red, then green, then orange-brown;
a deep blue spot on front of dorsal, with orange below it.

Young very dark brown; a blue spot followed by yellow on front of dorsal.

HEMIGYMNUS Gunther.

901. Hemigymnus melapterus (Bloch). Alati moana; Paumutu; Afataimi; Tagitagi; Sugale uli;
Sugale aloa. Samoa; Palau Is.; Ponape; New Guinea (Macleay); Shortland I. (Seale); East
Indies.

This isa very common fish about Samoa. We have 14 examples from Pago Pago and 24 from
Apia. The coloration changes with age in a marked degree. In the young the anterior half of the
body is largely white.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, called afataimi, or tagitagi, dark brownish olive; most scales
brown at base, with violet blue spot mostly obscure; head dark, the cheek bright yellow, the space
behind eye coppery; head everywhere with vermicular streaks, green above, blue below; lips and
chin dirty grayish, unmarked; dorsal brownish red, with blue spots and two blue marginal streaks,
the lower violet blue and broader; caudal dirty blue, the rays blue, the margin dirty brown; anal dul!
blue, with many round blue spots and a blue stripe, the edge brownish; ventral whitish, with dull

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 295

orange on first soft ray, and yellow and orange dashes behind; pectoral pale, the axil golden, the
upper ray and a bar across base blue, the latter with golden and bluish edge behind; lips very thick;
some scales on cheek. A smaller example has the ventrals brighter, orange and blue; otherwise it is
the same.

Another specimen from Apia, a large one, was uniform blackish green, the scales showing traces
of green and violet markings when examined closely; belly bronze brownish, with a violet spot on
each scale, these violet shades scattered over the sides; cheek and interopercle clear olive green; lips
dusky olive; a bright grass-green ring about eye; a dull dark blue blotch behind eye; preorbital,
suborbital, lower and upper part of cheek and opercle dull bronze-orange with sharp vermiculations;
throat reddish gray; dorsal blackish, orange, very dark, with a dark blue edge and a dark blue stripe
below; many deep violet spots on membranes; caudal violet blackish, shaded with green on rays and
edged with dull orange; violet spots and vermiculations; anal dusky orange, a deep violet blue intra-
marginal band, and with deep violet spots; ventral orange, with large blue spots; pectoral dusky
bluish, paler below.

A specimen called alati moana, from Apia, was deep blue black with olive shades behind front of
first dorsal and vent; shoulder light green with dull orange spots, the shade becoming golden olive
behind gill-opening and on opercle and cheek; the breast, throat, and belly gray; pink shades on
opercle; a pink stripe below eye; a large violet-coppery blotch behind eye, with deep violet spots
within, these haying paler centers; forehead coppery violet, mottled with green; bright blue close
behind eye; dorsal violet black, with green on basal scales, then bright blue marblings anteriorly;
violet-blue spots on membranes, with marginal stripes of deep violet-blue, light pinkish brown and
black; caudal olive-black, with a median narrow stripe of violet-blue from base to tip; anal brown
suffused with blue, with violet-blue spots, and blue, pinkish, and black edgings; ventral colorless,
olive-shaded, the anterior rays pink, margined before and behind by dusky blue; pectoral colorless,
the upperedge blue. Canines 2-2; no posterior canines; a few scales on cheek; lateral line continuous.

Life colors of a specimen called pawmutu, from Apia, posterior parts, behind middle of
pectoral, deep brownish black; anterior parts abruptly soiled gray;-dark brown on top of head, with
bluish reticulations; upper lip gray, lower whitish; a whitish undulate streak below eye; axil black;
dark brown spots about eye; dorsal dark brown, lighter above with streaks of bluish; anal similar,
with a blue stripe and an orange margin; caudal with peduncle light brown, spotted with blue;
pectoral colorless; ventral tinged with orange.

902. Hemigymnus fuliginosus (Lacépéde). Samoa; Carolines; New Guinea (Macleay); East
Indies.

Mullus fasciatus Thunberg, Reise nach Japan, Iv, 1791, 351, pl. 314, City of ‘‘Meaco”’ (doubtless Miyakoshima,
Temple I., one of the Riukiu group); not of White, 1790, which is a species of Amia.
Sparus fuliginosus Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 111, 437, 1802, Ile de France.
Sparus malapteronotus Lacépéde, op. cit., 450, Ie de France.
Sparus zonephorus Lacépede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Iv, 155, 1803; after Bloch.
Sparus meaco Lacépéde, op. cit., 161; after Thunberg.
Sparus quinquefasciatus Bennett, Fishes Ceylon, 1839, pl. 23, Ceylon.
? Tautoga mertensi Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X111, 308, 1889; Carolines.
Cheilinus blocht Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X1v, 1839, 108; after Labrus fasciatus Bloch.
Tautoga leucomus Bleeker, Biliton, Iv, 289, Biliton; young.
Hemigymnus leucomus Giinther, Cat., Iv, 139, 1862.
Of this species we have one large specimen from Apia. The name /asciatus is not tenable for it,
having been preoccupied.
ANAMPSES Cuvier. Sugale.

903. Anampses cuvieri Quoy & Gaimard. Hawail.

904. Anampses ceruleopunctatus Riippell. Sugale lupe. Samoa; Tahiti; Guam; New Guinea
(Macleay); Rarotonga (Seale); East Indies.

This species is not uncommon in the South Seas. We have 9 specimens from Apia.

Life colors of a specimen called sugale lupe, olive, the belly gradually scarlet; each scale with a
violet-blue spot, edged with blackish blue, these confluent into streaks behind and below eye; dorsal
orange-brown, spotted with blue and blue-edged; caudal like body, the spots smaller, the edge dusky
and then whitish; anal bright orange-brown, spotted with blue and with blue edge, the lowest (basal)
row of blue spots oblong; ventral orange streaked with blue; pectoral yellowish; dark brown at base.

296 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

905. Anampses evermanni Jenkins. Hawaii.

906. Anampses godeffroyi Ginther. Hawaii.
Anampses godeffroyi Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 252, taf. 140, 1878, Sandwich Is.
This species is described from a drawing made by Garrett at Hilo. We have specimens from
Hawaii corresponding to this drawing, but they seem to us only highly colored examples of the species
called Anampses evermanni. Doubtless the two are identical.

907. Anampses diadematus Rippell. Samoa (Ginther); Paumotu Is.; Kingsmill Is.; Huahine;
Misol; East Indies.

908. Anampses neoguinaicus Bleeker. New Guinea.

Anampses neoguinaicus Bleeker, Archiy. Neerl. 1878, 57.

909. Anampses melanurus Bleeker. Savaii.

Anampses melanurus Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 252, Amboina.

910. Anampses pterophthalmus Blecker. New Guinea (Macleay); Oualan (Giinther); East
Indies.

911. Anampses fidjiensis Sauvage. Fiji.
Anampses fidjiensis Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1880, 224, Fiji.

AMPHECES Jordan & Evermann.
912. Ampheces geographicus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
STETHOJULIS Ginther.

918. Stethojulis strigiventer Bennett. Samoa (Gtinther); Palau; Fiji; Vavau; Ponape; New
Guinea; East Indies.

914. Stethojulis fulvoventris Seale. Guam.
915. Stethojulis renardi Ginther. Samoa (Gunther); Guam; Ponape; East Indies.
916. Stethojulis albovittata (Kélreuter). Hawaii.

This species is common about the Hawaiian Islands. It is not certainly known from elsewhere,
though Giinther lists it from Zanzibar and Madagascar. It is well separated from Stethojulis casturi,
its representative in Polynesia and the East Indies.

917. Stethojulis casturi Giinther. Samoa; Palau Is.; Futuna; New Guinea; Rarotonga (Seale);
East Indies. (Pl. xty, fig. 1.)
Stethojulis albovittata, Bleeker, Atlas, 132, tab. XLIv, fig.5, East Indies; not of Bonnaterre.
Stethojulis casturi Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 255, 1873, Palau, Futuna, Yap.

We have 10 specimens of this fish from the coral reef at Apia. It is readily distinguished from
Stethojulis albovittata, with which it has been confounded, by the presence of but one stripe extending
the whole length of the side. In Atethojulis albovittata, which is known from about Hawaii only, there
are two bluish stripes from pectoral to caudal, and the interspace between them is red.

Life colors of a specimen of S. casturi from Apia, violet-black; abruptly livid bluish white below; a
sharp boundary stripe bright sky-blue, widened behind and bordered below by pale golden; head olive
green, clear on sides; four curved unequal stripes on head, sky-blue with darker edgings, (1) one above
eye, including its upper edge, extending along back to last ray of dorsal, (2) a violet line behind eye to
above gill-openings, (3) from angle of mouth to lower part of eye, curving above axil and becoming the
blue lateral stripe on body; lowest stripe curving across cheek to join its fellow on the chin. A long
crescent of vivid scarlet, including the axil. Edge of shoulder-girdle below it deep blue; dorsal dull
brownish gray; caudal grayish, the median blue streak extending on it; ventral and anal colorless,
pectoral also.

918. Stethojulis trilineata (Bloch & Schneider). New Guinea (Macleay); New Hanover ( Peters);
Paiau Island (Gunther); East Indies.

<

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 297

919. Stethojulis phekadopleura Bleeker. Samoa; Solomon Is.; Ponape; New Guinea (Macleay );
East Indies.

This is a common species in the East Indies; it also occurs abundantly in the South Seas. We
obtained 14 examples at Pago Pago and 54 at Apia. We haye also examined specimens from Negros
in the Philippines.

Life colors of Samoan specimens were noted as follows:

(1) From Apia. Back clear olive-brown with rows of bluish white dots; belly abruptly white, a
golden brown boundary stripe widening into a grayish stripe below eye, edged above with a fine white
line; the boundary stripe faint with age; belly with 3 or 4 rows of blackish brown spots, one in each
scale; base of anal livid blue; a large black spot at base of caudal, surrounded by orange-brown (fainter
and more diffuse in old examples, in which the gray stripe below eye is lost, the pale line above it
remaining distinct); dorsal orange, dull with bluish and orange spots; caudal dull orange and livid
bluish; ventral same, as is also the anal; pectoral colorless; iris reddish; axil unmarked. The lack of
axil markings, the white dots above and dark below are characteristic.

(2) From Pago Pago. Green olive above; livid silvery below, brownish above posteriorly; head
and all upper parts finely dotted with pale bluish; lower parts with larger dark brown spots in 4 rows;
a pinkish white stripe before eye; a black spot on base of caudal above, faint in adult; fins all pale
brownish red, the dorsal very finely checked; a pinkish streak below eye, breaking into spots behind;
anal livid bluish.

Fic. 52.—Stethojulis phekadopleura Bleeker.

(3) From Pago Pago. Very finely dotted above, coarsely spotted below; no axil or caudal spot;
a silvery streak below eye; fins reddish; dorsal much speckled.

(4) Very young; from Pago Pago. Bright reddish brown with a pale streak below eye and
another from snout above eye along side of back; bluish spots on scales and some black ones on side
of belly; a black spot at base of caudal and another on upper fin rays; caudal colorless; other fins
orange. ;

920. Stethojulis axillaris Quoy & Gaimard. Hawaii.

This species, as understood by us, is found only about the Hawaiian Islands, where it is rather
common. Farther south it is represented by a marked subspecies or closely related species, with
slenderer body and paler lower parts, Stethojulis bandanensis of Bleeker. It is barely possible that
larger series may show the two to be identical, as supposed by Bleeker and Giinther.

921. Stethojulis bandanensis (Bleeker). Samoa; Palau Is.; Solomon Is.; fiji; Tahiti; New
Hebrides; Ponape; New Guinea. (PI. x.y, fig. 2.)
Julis bandanensis Bleeker, Banda, 1, 254; Banda.
Stethojulas axillaris Bleeker, Atlas, Labr., 136, tab. XLIV, fig. 3, 1862, East Indies; not of Quoy &Gaimard. Giinther,
Fische der Sudsee, 254, taf. 136, fig. c, Palau, Solomon, Fiji, Samoa, Society Is., New Hebrides, Ponape.
This species has been confused with Stethojulis axillaris (Quoy & Gaimard), of Hawaii, to which it
is closely related. The only tangible differences are these: Stethojulis avillaris has the body deeper,
B.B. F.1905—20

298 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

and the belly is not very pale, its coloration not sharply separated from that of the sides. Stethojulis
bandanensis is a slenderer fish, and the belly is abruptly whitish, with a dark shade on each scale.

This species is very common about the coral reef at Apia, where we obtained 55 specimens. We
also collected 9 at Pago Pago. Life colors of a specimen from Apia, gray, silvery on lower half; every-
where with fine lengthwise streaks of white, these broader and more conspicuous below, especially the
one below eye, which has a dark streak above it; a small jet-black spot in axil of dorsal and one on
upper part of caudal peduncle just before base of caudal; fins all pale (in young of 2 inches).

A specimen from Pago Pago was olive-green, posteriorly purplish; cheek abruptly golden; anterior
region with fine pale dots; whitish pink spots along side; a white spot across base of pectoral; a black
ocellus on last rays of dorsal, anal and base of caudal; fins otherwise light orange. Another specimen
has three caudal ocelli.

Another specimen from Apia has its upper half grayish dusky with very fine bluish-white dots; a
grayish lateral band, edged with dark above, a broad metallic purplish gray band below it, the belly
silvery, each scale with a dark purplish-gray basal spot, two black pale-blue-edged ocelli on caudal
peduncle, a black bar across base of pectoral, a bright scarlet dash in axil, with blue on each side of it;
side of head below eye abruptly golden; chin and throat white; dorsal golden brown, finely dotted;
caudal dull yellowish; ventral, pectoral, and anal colorless, belly livid blue at base of anal.

922. Stethojulis filholi Sauvage.
Stethojulis filholi Sauvage, Bull. Sci, Phil. 1880, 15 (reprint), Fiji.

923. Stethojulis kalosoma (Bleeker). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

LEPTOJULIS Bleeker.

924. Leptojulis pardalis Kner. Fiji; Guam; Samoa. (PI. xty, fig. 3.)
Leptojulis pardalis Kner, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien 1867, 727, taf. 111, fig. 2 (fig. 9in text), Viti Levu (Fiji Is.).
Platyglossus nigromaculatus Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, 666, pl. 60, Samoa.
Halicheres nigropunctatus Seale, Bishop Museum, 1901, 89, Guam.

We have 4 specimens of this handsome species, taken at Apia. Life colors of one of these,
clear olive-green, yellow below; everywhere with reticulations of ground-color, yellow with blue
margins around tke black; these marks orange-brown instead of black on forehead, lower part of
head, and belly; oblique dark stripes from eye around jaws, edged with light blue; dorsal, caudal
and anal similarly marked, the brown becoming distally very bright clear orange-brown; ventral
yellow, orange banded; pectoral plain; dorsal edge of body clear olive brown; greenish cross-bars
on head.

A canine tooth; scales rather large; lateral line continuous; a low dorsal sheath; body compressed.

MACROPHARYNGODON Bleeker.

This well-marked genus consists of small species, deep bodied and beautifully colored, the lower
pharyngeals very small, with large teeth.

925. Macropharyngodon geoffroy (Quoy & Gaimard). Hawaii.

926. Macropharyngodon meleagris (Cuvier & Valenciennes). New Guinea; Samoa; Ulea;
Shortland I. (Seale); East Indies.
Julis meleagris Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x111, 481, Ulea.
Macropharyngodon geoffroyi Bleeker, Atlas, Labr., 129, tab. xxXvul, fig. 5, Celebes; not of Quoy & Gaimard.
Platyglossus geoffroyi, Gunther, Cat., Iv, 145 (copied).

This species is scarce about Samoa, one fine example being taken at Apia. Life colors, violet-
brown; a large, bright-green spot edged with blue on each scale, these confluent into short stripes on
the head; belly mostly light blue; a violet-black spot on breast; dorsal orange, shaded with bluish at
base, edged with gray, two rows of clear green blue-edged spots; caudal dull orange, brighter on upper
and lower margins and covered mesially with large greenish-blue spots; anal dull orange with three
rows of greenish, blue-edged spots, the middle series confluent in a band; ventral dull orange, spotted
with green; pectoral colorless, dusky at base, the axil green; a jet-black spot edged with yellow on
side above and a little behind base of pectoral.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 299

PLATYGLOSSUS (Klein) Bleeker.

This genus in very closely allied to Halichwres. The body is deeper and more compressed, and
the scales along the base of the dorsal more elevated, forming a low sheath.

927. Platyglossus marginatus (Riippell). Samoa; Raiatea (Seale). (Pl. xiv1, fig. 1.)

Two specimens of this handsome fish were collected by us at Apia. It has not heretofore been
found in the South Seas.

Life colors of one specimen, olive-black, region covered by pectoral bright cherry-red; a reddish
streak along the edge of each row of scales, these clear brown on back, faint posteriorly and pinkish
brown on belly; head golden-brown, much striped with dark blue; belly also blue, striped with
brown; dorsal dark orange-brown spotted with dark blue, and edged with sky-blue with a dark blue
bounding line; caudal deep orange-brown with dark blue spots and sky-blue edgings; a dark blue
bounding line, the angles olive-gray; anal like dorsal but further edged with bright yellowish grecn;
ventral and pectoral dark bluish; axil cherry-red.

928. Platyglossus notopsis (Kuhl & Van Hasselt). Samoa; East Indies.

The young of this fish differs markedly from the adult in having four conspicuous white lines
along the side and two or three similarly colored spots below the dorsal. The dorsal, in both young
and old, has a small ocellus between the first and second spines, and a very large one between the
first and sixth rays.

‘This is a common fish at Samoa. We have 40 specimens from Apia, and 49 from Pago Pago.
Color in life of a specimen from Apia, almost jet-black, with very obscure whitish spots on scales;
caudal paler sooty; iris red; pectoral dull olive, a black bar across base; breast and chin purplish
black; dorsal, anal and ventral black, the dorsal usually with a large bluish, white-edged ocellus;
caudal abruptly pale olive (side with about a dozen greenish pale streaks in younger ones); teeth
small, a posterior canine; head naked; body deep, head sharp above; scales large; dorsal uniform.

Another specimen from the same locality was jet-black, with six irregular interrupted whitish
lines, plainest on head; dorsal black, with a large white-edged ocellus on first soft rays; caudal
abruptly bright white, a whiter stripe along anterior edge; anal and yentrals black.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, black, with very faint streaks of bluish, scarcely evi-
dent and distinct only on head; caudal abruptly muddy white; a large, black, whitish-edged ocellus
on first soft dorsal rays, and a little one on first and second spines; dorsal striped throughout with dull
orange; anal, ventral, and pectoral plain blackish. This is very close to another that has golden
stripes, very distinct. The latter is apparently the young.

929. Platyglossus flos-corallis Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa. (PI. xuv1, fig. 2.)

Head 3.20 in length; depth 3.50; eye 4.50 in head; dorsal rx, 12; anal 111, 12; scales 2-30-8, inter-
orbital equal to eye; snout 3 in head.

Body oblong, compressed; caudal rather deep, 2.30 in head; head unscaled; mouth somewhat
protractile, jaws equal, lips thick; teeth in a single series of sharp, somewhat projecting conical teeth
in each jaw, the front ones the largest; a sharp canine tooth at angle of jaws; opercle and preopercle
entire; gillrakers very short, sharp, about 13 on lower limb; longest dorsal ray 2.75 in head; longest
anal spine 2.80 in head; base of anal equal to length of head; pectoral 1.50 in head; anal rounded,
1.50 in head; ventral equal to length of pectoral, its tips not reaching base of anal.

Color in spirits, a dull yellowish brown with ten longitudinal blue lines on the side from head
to caudal; these lines are slightly wider than their interspaces and are most distinct on anterior half
of body; the caudal peduncle has a median line of yellowish white on its sides extending in from cau-
dal fin; a bright yellow spot on base and in axil of pectoral with a smaller distinct black spot on
upper part of base; head yellowish with two blue lines from interorbital to tip of snout, a blue line
from anterior margin of eye to tip of snout, a curved blue line around chin over cheek across oper-
cles to base of pectoral, below which are two indistinct blue lines; just back of orbit isa black spot
forming the termination of the 4-5 lines of body; the three upper body lines extend on nuchal region,
the second joining the line above, the other terminating at upper posterior margin of orbit; a blue
crescent on opercular flap; dorsal with seven longitudinal bands of color, the mid one of greenish
white, occupying the middle of the fin, being the widest; a broad, dark green, black-edged stripe just

3800 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

below with light green at base of fin; anal similarly colored, except that the mid-band of light green is
wider and there is no lighter coloring at base of fin; caudal yellowish white with the outer half covered
with reticulated dark markings, tip of upper and lower margin yellowish white; pectoral and
ventral yellowish white.

Life colors of three specimens froni Pago Pago were as follows:

(1) Green anteriorly, becoming deep vitriol-blue behind pectorals; anterior parts with stripes of
orange-red, which are very bright anteriorly and fade out behind; cheeks golden-green; head stripes
very plain; axillary region very bright golden, with a black spot above; dorsal with dull, orange and
greenish streaks; caudal blue with pale corners and three orange-red stripes converging and reticu-
lating behind, crossed hy horizontal streaks of black; anal with basal and terminal stripes of orange;
ventral green with purple stripe; pectoral pale, its base bright golden.

(2) Greenish ground, paler and yellowish anteriorly; ten pinkish salmon longitudinal lines on
sides, most pronounced anteriorly. Pectoral with yellowish axil and orange-yellow blotch just behind
axil; small but distinct black blotch just in shoulder of pectoral; caudal blue-green at base and mesi-
ally with complex linear lines of pinkish salmon, these lines darker in middle portion of fin; dorsal
yellowish grass-green with pinkish salmon lines and narrow blue lines; anal similar; ventral bright
green with bluish tinge, pinkish salmon on anterior margins; bright blue median longitudinal line on
under side of head.

(3) Bronze, with nine sharply-defined lengthwise stripes of greenish blue, as wide as interspaces; a
stripe also on median line above and below; head green, yellowish below, the stripes continued on it
becoming orange, those below cherry-brown; dorsal brownish orange, with grass-green stripes below
and blue lines above and on edge; caudal deep black tinged with red, with blue cross-lines and three
green blotches at base; anal orange with one green stripe and four blue streaks; ventral grass-green,
blackish-edged; pectoral pale dusky; axil golden; a jet-black spot at base of pectoral.

This beautiful fish is rare about Samoa. We obtained but three specimens, all at Pago Pago. It
is apparently close to Platyglossus kallochromus, of the East Indies, but there are several notable differ-
ences in color.

The type, no. 51744, U. S. National Museum, is 2.75 inches long.

930. Platyglossus heeveni (Bleeker). Samoa; New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

"We have two examples of this East Indian fish, both from Pago Pago. Life colors of one of these,

bright greenish blue, with about a dozen golden stripes, distinct from snout to base of caudal, the
interspaces blue, with darker edgings; sncut grass-green; iris blue, centrally red; base of caudal
reddish brown; a blue-edged black ocellus at base of caudal above, and a larger one on front of soft
dorsal; a small one on first dorsal spine; caudal abruptly pale, with a reddish, curved cross-band at
pase and a whitish bluish one behind it; fins (in young) plain; dorsal striped orange and blue; a dark
spot before and one behind eye; snout yellow.

HALICHERES Riippell.

(Halicheres Rippell, type cxruleovittata-scapularis; Guntheria Bleeker; Hemitautoga Bleeker;
Ichthycallus Swainson; Cherojulis Gill; Iridio Jordan & Eyermann; Parajulis Bleeker; Octo-
cynodon Fowler. )

The proper type of the genus Halicheres is a species (scapularis) belonging to the group called
Guntheria. If these sections are regarded as genera, the one commonly called /Halichwres should rather
stand as Ichthycallus, or as Cherojulis, if the American species be separated from the others. But it is
probably better to leave all the species with large scales, complete lateral line, and a posterior canine,
Platyglossus and Macropharyngodon excepted, together in one large genus.

931. Halichcres scapularis (Bennett). Shortland I. (Seale); East Indies.
2 Halicheres ceruleovittatus Ruppell.

932. Halichceres centiquadrus (Lacépéde). Jfigi. Samoa; Guam; New Guinea; Tahiti; Shortland
I. and Raiatea (Seale); East Indies. (PI. xty1, fig. 3.)

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 801

This beautiful fish occurs from the Red Sea throughout Polynesia. We have 3 specimens from
Pago Pago and 7 from Apia. Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, head grass-green, the stripes
creamy pink, edged with blue; jaws yellow; stripes on throat of paler pink.

933. Halicheres notophthalmus (Bleeker). Samoa; New Guinea; Rarotonga (Seale); East Indies.

We have 4 specimens of this East Indian fish taken at Apia. Life colors of one specimen, body
gray with transverse blotches of black, very irregular; lips orange; iris red; caudal bright yellow with
two confluent white blotches at base, with black between; a white blotch across spinous dorsal; a
black ocellus, golden-edged, on soft dorsal; anal and pectoral pale; ventral white; a brown red stripe
through eye; whitish stripe below; a brown red spot below; breast mostly black. (Young).

Another specimen was very pale olive, almost white, with three broad black irregular crossbars,
the second broadest and blackest, some black spots on the pale bars along line of back; head pale;
cheek with two deep blue horizontal stripes, the upper through eye to gill-opening; darker behind
eye; two black spots on each side of breast, two on base of pectoral with white between; dorsal
colored like body; a large white-edged black ocellus in black part; soft dorsal mottled, pale gray;
caudal deep yellow with two whitish yellow spots at base, dusky between; ventral whitish; pectoral
colorless; anal pale.

934. Halicheres trimaculatus (Quoy & Gaimard). Samoa; Vanicolo; New Guinea; Fiji; Tahiti;
Tubuai; Faté and Shortland Is. (Seale); East Indies. (Pl. xivu, fig. 1.)

This is a common and most beautiful fish about Samoa, where it swarms in the coral reefs. We
have 58 specimens from Pago Pago and 80 from Apia.

Life colors were noted in various specimens as follows:

(1) From Apia. Green, each scale with a dark grayish bronze crescent; scales of nape with orange
spots; head green, with bright red stripes and spots; cheek golden, the color bounded by a green band
above; creamy red marks on chin and throat, bordered by green; a large jet black spot behind
shoulder, with two blue ones within it, the color extending as a bar to ventrals, green, with red spots;
an indigo-black spot above lateral line before caudal; dorsal light green with three stripes of creamy
scarlet; caudal orange, fading behind, a greenish edge above; anal greenish with two red stripes, the
basal one narrower and deeper in color; pectoral colorless; ventral flesh color.

(2) From Apia. Bright green; each scale with a dark olive spot; head green, yellow below, with
coppery red streaks and spots about eye; a small black ocellus at base of pectoral, a pink crossbar
behind it; a large black spot on caudal peduncle; dorsal greenish, finely covered with coppery red
lines; caudal, anal, and ventral similarly barred; belly whitish; pectoral pale.

(3) From Pago Pago. Pale bluish gray, the sides of head sometimes but not always brassy; pale
blue stripes before and behind eye, below eye horizontal; tip of snout with plain oblong black spot
above; side of body with six blackish cross shades, the second and third widest and more or less con-
fluent; a large blue-black spot on side before caudal; a small black ocellus at upper base of pectoral;
fins plain olivaceous; a violet-blue vertical spot on each scale of body.

(4) A larger example. Head green, golden below, the marks crimson not blue; bands more
reduced; second and third still plainer; spots on scales orange brown; black pectoral spot at base
above, with a green, red-edged bar below it, and a red bar across axil to ventral; throat with two red
cross-bands; precaudal spot large and distinct, black rose spot obscure; fins all pale reddish, the dorsal
streaked with red on green ground; nape with close-set red spots.

935. Halicheres dedalma Jordan & Seale, new species. Fataga loa. Samoa. (Pl. xvii, fig. 2.

Head 3 in length; depth 3.20; eye 5.50 in head; dorsal 1x, 11; anal 111, 11; scales 25; snout 3.10
in head; interorbital equal to orbit.

Body elongate, compressed, the anterior profile of head evenly pointed; depth of caudal peduncle
2.20 in head; teeth in a single series in each jaw, the anterior ones projecting canines, a single posterior
canine at angle of jaw; lips rather thick, with folds; angle of jaws scarcely reaching to anterior margin
of eye; opercle and preopercle entire, no scales on cheek; the last spine of spinous dorsal the longest,
3 in head; the longest soft ray 2.75; pectoral 1.50 in head; ventral 1.25; base of anal 1.85 in base of
dorsal, its longest ray about 3 in head; caudal slightly rounded, 1.75 in head.

302 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

In spirits the ground color is yellowish, the upper two-thirds of body with bluish coloring form-
ing more or less distinct bands; nine short silvery white lines over back, separating the bluish bands;
belly and under surface with slight tint of pale blue; four rather distinct bands of blue extending from
median line of side toward base of anal fin; head with a straight blue line from angle of jaw to mid-
way of opercle; another blue line from distal end of upper lip through lower part of orbit, dividing
first back of eye, where it is deep blue, one branch curving back and down on to lower posterior margin
of opercle; may or may not unite with the dark opercular spot; the other branch extending up and
ending on shoulder just above opercle; another blue line from tip of snout to upper part of orbit and
extending a short distance back from orbit; two blue blotches on interorbital space one on each side
of nuchal region; a black dot between Ist and 2nd dorsal spines; another, much larger, between the
2nd and 3rd dorsal rays; the outer third of dorsal fin has a number of round white spots; the inner
portion is similarly colored but the spots are larger and some are paired, forming short thick bands;
anal fin with a blue band through the middle which may be more or less broken up into round spots
posteriorly; a row of round spots at base of fin; caudal with three rows of dusky bands and some white
spots with wash of dusky at tip; pectoral and ventral yellow, unmarked.

In life a specimen from Pago Pago was much mottled, shaded with pink; a black dorsal ocellus,
a black opercular blotch; a large black blotch on side; a pink silvery area below eye.

A specimen from Apia, called fatagaloa, was green with red-brown scallops above, the markings
brighter below; a blackish blue blotch on caudal peduncle; head with red stripes and green, the edg-
ings of the red stripes bright blue; a horizontal red stripe below the eye; opercle with a dark creamy
red spot at tip, golden olive before it; dorsal green and brownish red, the green in rounded blue-edged
spots; a black spot on first soft rays; caudal banded green and brownish red; anal paler green and red;
ventral green and red.

This species is very common about Samoa, where we obtained 48 specimens from the reef at Apia.
A dozen small immature fish, collected at Pago Pago, have been referred by us to this species. The
species is very close to Halichwres pacilus, but the markings are different, notably those on the cheek
which form a straight stripe, not a ring or horseshoe.

The type, no. 51845, U. S. National Museum, is from Apia and is 4 inches long.

936. Halichcres pecilus (Lay & Bennett). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
(Halicheres harlofi Bleeker; Halicheres annulatus Fowler.)

937. Halichcres guttulatus (Macleay). New Guinea.
Platyglossus guttulatus Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1883, 587.

338. Halichceres opercularis (Gtinther). Fiji; Samoa. (Pl. xtvn, fig. 3.)

This species is very close to Halicheres pseudominiatus of the East Indies. Comparing. our
specimens with some from Negros, we are inclined to think that Halicheres opercularis is a distinct
species. The chief difference lies in the arrangement of the colored stripes on the head.

This species is very abundant about Samoa and about 170 specimens were taken.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, light olive, with a net-work of dark brown lines above; side
golden with two white vertical streaks anteriorly behind pectoral, a broad, bright, purple-pink band
at vent, then golden with incursions of purple from the dark bands above; dorsal with vertical utreaks
of brownish red on yellow; a large and conspicuous black ocellus on front of soft dorsal; a smaller
black spot on front of spinous dorsal; caudal yellowish, cross-banded with brownish red; anal similar,
ventral pink; pectoral colorless; head brownish and streaked above, with a bright orange streak before
and behind eye; a horizontal curved stripe below eye creamy yellow, bordered by light blue and
rimmed with dark blue, this bending around forward on subopercle and cheeks; a black ocellus on
opercle; about eight whitish spots along base of dorsal, one of them in axis of soft dorsal.

A young specimen from Pago Pago was whitish with scattered reddish spots and incomplete broad
blackish transverse band; dorsal with conspicuous semi-ocellus; green, yellow and black-brown on
anal; caudal clear; snout red; iris rose-red.

939. Halichocres margaritaceus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Vanicolo.
This species, imperfectly described, is very similar to Halicheres opercularis, but no mention is
made of ocelli on the dorsal fin.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 303

940. Halicheres macleayi Jordan & Seale, new name. New Guinea.
Platyglossus margaritaceus Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1884, 274, Hood Bay; not of Cuvier & Valenciennes.
941. Halicheres auritus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Ulea.
This species, scantily described, is an ally of Halichwres opercularis, but nothing is said as to ocelli
on the dorsal fin. <
942. Halicheres nebulosus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Guam (Seale); East Indies.

943. Halicheres gymnocephalus (Bloch & Schneider). New Guinea (Macleay); Faté (Seale);
East Indies.

Labrus gymnocephalus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 180, 351; fide Peters.
Julis modestus Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen., xx11, Labr. Cycl., 26.

Halicheres modestus Bleeker, Atlas, Labr., 126, tab. xx xv, fig. 2, East Indies.
Platyglossus modestus Giinther, Cat., Iv, 157, Singapore.

944. Halichcres leparensis (Bleeker). Guam (Seale); East Indies.
945. Halicheres papilionaceus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Vanicolo.
946. Halicheres chloropterus (Bloch). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

947. Halichceres ornatissimus (Garrett). Hawaii.

(Halicheres iridescens Jenkins. )
948. Halicheres lao Jenkins. Hawaii.
949. Halicheres guttatus (Bloch). New Guinea (Macleay).
950

951. Halichceres melanurus (Bleeker). New Guinea (Macleay).

Halicheres solorensis Bleeker. Marquesas Islands (Seale); East Indies.

PSEUDOJULIS Bleeker.

952. Pseudojulis cerasina Snyder. Hawaii.

CORIS Lacépéde. (Hemicoris Bleeker. )

The genus Hemicoris, of Bleeker, having scales 50 to 60, differs from Coris only in the absence of
posterior canine teeth. These are not well developed even in Coris, and are said to be occasionally
absent. For that reason the genus probably can not be maintained.

The genus Julis Cuvier (not of Bleeker or Gunther), having the scales 70 to 80, is better defined
and is possibly worthy of retention.

953. Coris aygula Lacépéde. Guam; Tahiti; Faté and Tubuai (Seale); Hawaii ( Fowler—a doubtful
record); Japan; East Indies.

954. Coris cyanea Macleay. New Guinea.
955. Coris papuensis Macleay. New Guinea.

956. Coris variegata (Riippell). New Guinea (Macleay); New Hebrides; East Indies.
(Ramsay & Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1886, 181.)

957. Coris venusta Sauvage. Hawaii.

(Hemicoris remedius Jenkins. )
958. Coris multicolor Riippell. Aneiteum (Ginther); Red Sea.

959. Coris ballieui Vaillant & Sauvage. Hawaii.

(Coris schauinslandi Steindachner.)

960. Coris rosea Vaillant & Sauvage. Hawaii.
(Coris argenteostriatus Steindachner; Hemicoris keleipionis Jenkins. Not Julis rosea Quoy & Gaimard.)

961. Coris cingulum (Lacépéde). New Guinea (Macleay); Aneiteum (Gunther); East Indies.

962. Coris caudimacula (Quoy & Gaimard). Rarotonga (Seale); Mauritius.

804 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

_JULIS Cuvier.

963. Julis greenovii Bennett. Samoa; Hawaii; Manado.

This striking fish is rare about the Samoan Islands. We have three specimens from Apia. It
was originally described from Hawaii, but we did not find it there. The colored plate in the report
on the fishes of Hawaii is from a Samoan specimen. The coloration shown in that plate is much less
bright than that in nature.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, deep scarlet-red, each scale with an olive speck, below pure
cherry-red, 5 blotches on back pure white edged with black, a black blotch on tail filled with bright
blue spots; a bar on caudal black, whitish in middle; anal red with a blue edge; ventral, also pectoral,
light orange-red; a row of blue spots at base of anal; dorsal clear red with a blue-black edge.

964. Julis pulcherrima (Giinther). Hawaii; Samoa; Tahiti; Aneiteum; New Hebrides; Guam;
New Guinea; East Indies.

This beautiful fish seems to be rare about Samoa, though rather common at Honolulu. We have
one adult specimen from Apia, which agrees very well with Bleeker’s figure.

Life colors, head coppery red with green stripes edged with violet; throat with a blackish green
stripe; body reddish brown, becoming blackish behind; almost everywhere covered with small deep
violet spots; crowded behind, sparse in front, none on head; dorsal bright orange, brown at base with
violet-blue spots; soft dorsal cherry red; caudal plain golden yellow running on to orange on edges;
anal drab orange-brown with violet markings; pectoral orange, the axil blue-black, edged with grass-
green; ventral olive, with a wide maroon stripe, then a violet edge.

965. Julis gaimardi Quoy & Gaimard. Hawaii; East Indies?

This species is rather common about Hawaii. It is possible that the East Indian specimens called
Coris gaimardi belong to some other species.

966. Julis cuvieri Bennett. New Hebrides; Ile de France.
967. Julis flavovittata Bennett. Hawaii; Laysan.
968. Julis eydouxi (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii.

969. Julis lepomis Jenkins. Hawaii.

HOLOGYMNOSUS Lacépéde.

970. Hologymnosus longipes (Ginther). Aneiteum.
971. Hologymnosus elongatus (Giinther). Aneiteum.

972. Hologymnosus semidiscus (Lacépéde). New Guinea (Macleay); Tahiti and Rarotonga
(Seale); East Indies.
(Labrus annulatus Lacépéde. )

CHEILIO Lacépéde.

This genus, close to Thalassoma, differs in the elongate body and smaller scales. There seems to
be but one species, widely distributed and varying considerably in shade of color.
978. Cheilio inermis (Forskal). Masamie; Moai. Hawaii; Samoa; Guam; Vanicolo; Tahiti;
Aneiteum; New Guinea; East Indies.

This common and widely spread species is rather scarce at Samoa, though very abundant at
Honolulu. We have one specimen from Apia.

THALASSOMA Swainson. (Julis Giinther, not of Cuvier.) Sugale (choice).

This genus is distinguished by the presence of 8 dorsal spines, large scales, and no posterior canine
teeth. The species are all beautifully colored.

974. Thalassoma duperreyi (Quoy & Gaimard). Hawaii; Johnston I.; Laysan; Mangareva, Gam-
bier Is. (Seale); Acapulco (as Thalassoma steindachneri Jordan & Evermann).
( Thalassoma clepsydralis Smith & Swain.)

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 805

975. Thalassoma ballieui (Vaillant & Sauvage). Hawaii; Johnston I.

(Julis obscurus Giinther; Thalassoma verticalis Smith & Swain.)
976. Thalassoma lunare (Linnzeus). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

Apparently all the East Indian references to lunaris belong to 7. lunare and the Polynesian refer-
ences to 7. lutescens. The species from the Riukiu Islands figured by Bloch as Labrus viridis, by
Bennett and by Brevoort as Julis lutescens and described in detail by Jordan & Snyder (Proce. U. S.
Nat. Mus., xxrv), as 7. lutescens, is the true lulescens, being different from 7. lunare.

977. Thalassoma guntheri (Bleeker). Samoa; Fanning I. (Streets, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., vu,
1877, 83); New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

We have one fine specimen from Apia, apparently referrable to this species. Life colors, bright
olive green, much mottled and varied; a bright crimson lateral stripe; another above it, broader,
duller, more diffuse, and connected with the first by cross streaks; two oblique crimson stripes from
pectoral across belly anteriorly, separated by blue-green; belly livid violet gray; head dark; a red
area on preorbital; a deep blue stripe through eye from snout to opercle; a curved blue stripe bounding
dark bluish brown of lower part of head; lower jaw orange with a blue stripe; dorsal bluish at base,
then crimson in a broad band, then bluish, then broadly edged with green; caudal very pale reddish,
this color surrounded by whitish and blue, the upper and lower rays and lobes crimson, the upper a
continuation of the dorsal stripe, the lower line extending forward on caudal peduncle; anal pale livid
grayish; pectoral colorless, the axil red and green, the outer half jet black; ventral colorless grayish.

978. Thalassoma lutescens (Solander). Hawaii; Tahiti; Fanning Is. (Streets); Marcus I. (Bryan);
Riukiu Is.

979. Thalassoma purpureum (Forskal). Hawaii; Samoa; Tahiti; Guam; Caroline Is.; Aneiteum;
Laysan; Thornton I.; East Indies.
. Scarus purpureus Forskal, Descr. Anim., 27, 1775, Red Sea; not Julis purpurea Riippell, and of Giinther, which is
Thalassoma ruppelli (Klunzinger).
Thalassoma purpureum Seale, Bishop Museum, 1901, 91, Guam.
Julis quadricolor Lesson, Voy. Coquille, 11, 139, pl. 35, fig. 1, 1826-1830, Tahiti. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat.
Poiss., X11T, 443, 1839, Tahiti. Bleeker, Atlas, Labr., 93, 1862, not the plate which is Thalassoma fuscum.
Thalassoma quadricolor, Jenkins, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (1903), 462, Hawaii.
Scarus semiceruleus Ruppell, Neue Wirbelthiere 10, pl. 3, fig. 1, 1835, Red Sea.
Scarus georgii Bennett, Fish. Ceylon, pl. 24, Ceylon,
Julis erythrogaster Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 447, 1839; may be Thalassoma eyanogaster.
Scarus quinquevittatus Richardson, Voy. Blossom, 66, pl. 19, fig. 3.
Julis ruppelli Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1900, 506, Laysan; not of Klunzinger.
Thalassoma immanis Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1899, 488, pl. 18, fig. 2, Caroline Is.
Thalassoma berndti (misprinted berendti) Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 115, fig. 7, Honolulu.
This species is confused by Ginther with Thalassoma fuscwm under the name of Julis trilobata.
T. purpureum may be known by the variegated head, with three broad scarlet wedges radiating from
the eye, and by the presence of three red stripes on a blue-green ground. The fins are colored differ-
ently from those of J. cyanogaster. (For color notes see Fishes of Hawaii.) In 7. fuscum the head is
plain red, and there are two rows oi quadrate blotches, compared by Lacépéde to Chinese characters,
on each side. These are blue on a red background.
T. purpureum is widely diffused in the South Seas. We have one fine specimen from Apia, and

several from Honolulu.

980. Thalassoma cyanogaster (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Tahiti; Samoa.
Julis cyanogaster Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X11r, 444, 1839, Tahiti; ona drawing of Solander.

Of this species, well distinguished from Thalassoma purpureum by its coloration, we have one fine
example from Apia and one from Pago Pago.

Life colors of the specimen from Apia, bright grass-green, yellowish below with three longitudinal
stripes of clear coppery red, cross-hatched; head green with many red stripes and spots; two green
stripes forward from eye; a scarlet irregular streak downward and backward across preopercle and
subopercle, with numerous irregular red spots and blotches behind it and above it; dorsal green at
base, then orange red, then a narrower grass green stripe, then a red one, the soft rays each tipped with

306 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

grayish blue; caudal with rays pale red, the membranes bright green, the middle rays tipped with
yellow, the outer with blue; anal striped, green, bright red, blue, narrow green, lighter red, finally
blue; ventral greenish at base, reddish behind; pectoral dusky above without distinct spot, a green
bar toward base, a scarlet one below it, then a large green patch behind opercle, with a wavy red
stripe surrounding the green, pectoral black at tip; livid blue shades at throat.

ma

Fie. 53.—Thalassoma cyanogaster (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

981. Thalassoma fuscum (Lacépéde). Hawaii; Samoa; Laysan; New Hanover; Aneiteum; Tubuai;
Rarotonga and Makatea (Seale); East Indies.
Labrus fuscus Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 111, 437, 1802, Ile de France.
Labrus trilobatus Lacépéede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 111, 454, 526, 1802, Bourbon, Madagascar.
- Julis trilobatus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 437, 1839, Ile de France. Gitinther, Cat., Iv, 187, var. A.
South Africa, Mauritius, Aneitum. Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 843, New Hanover.
Julis formosus Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., XIII, 439, 1839, He de France.
Julis xruginosus Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., 441, 1839, Ile de France.
Julis quadricolor Bleeker, Atlas, Labr., 93, tab. Xx xv, fig. 3, Java; not of Bennett.
Julis purpureus Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1900, 506, Honolulu, Laysan.
Thalassoma purpureum, Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., xx, 1902 (1903), 462, Hawaii; not of Forskal.

This species, known by its green, jews-harp markings on a red ground, compared by Lacépéde to
Chinese script, is occasionally taken in the South Seas. We have two specimens from Apiaand several
from Hawaii.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, deep red brick color, paler below, the squares deep-bluish
green; head coppery olive; first dorsal creamy scarlet, the base green, the edge sky-blue; soft dorsal
similar with a red intermarginal band; caudal with rays sky-blue, the membrane bronze-orange; anal
orange on basal half, the rest sky-blue, a dark line separating a greenish shade at base; ventrals blue,
green at tip; pectoral dusky, darker above with diffuse blackish blotch at tip; axil deep blue, a blue
spot rather faint at upper angle of gill opening.

982. Thalassoma punctatum Seale. (Guam; Rarotonga (Seale).
Julis punctata Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 91, Guam.

This species seems to be close to Thalassoma fuscum, but it has a black ocellus on the back of the tail.
983. Thalassoma umbrostigma(Rtippell). Hawaii; Samoa; Laysan; Makatea (Seale); East Indies.

This is an abundant species at Honolulu, but seems to be scarce at Samoa. We have one adult
specimen from Apia, and 6 young ones from Pago Pago. Life colors of four young specimens from
the latter place were as follows:

(1) Green, bluish white below; three longitudinal bands of dark brown and rose pink; a brick
red spot at tail end of each of these bands; anal bluish white with rose suffusion; caudal clear with
rose suffusion; dorsal with rose-pink shading.

(2) Yellow-green above, blue green below; two longitudinal series of brick-red spots with
blackish centers.

(3) Bright green; 3 lengthwise series of quadrate spots, the median largest and joined by a
reddish brown shade; a spot behind eye, the median band extending through eye; upper band also

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 307

distinct, forming 8 spots, the last a speck at upper base of caudal, above sixth on body in the second
band; dorsal green with a black spot behind first spine and three in a triangle at first soft ray; fins
otherwise all pale green; no axil spot and no dark shade on pectoral.

(4) Bluish below, green on sides and dorsum, with pronounced rose-pink blotches and bars,
darker above; pectoral with rose-pink axil; greenish yellow outside at base of pectoral and a small
greenish yellow blotch on pectoral itself near base; dorsal green with dark rose-pink median line;
anal with rose-pink line along base; caudal blue green with narrow pink blotches and greenish yellow
margin,

984. Thalassoma genivittatum (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Marcus Island (Bryan & Herre, Bishop
Museum, 1903, 11, 131); East Indies.

985. Thalassoma dorsale (Quoy & Gaimard). Sugale sei; Sugale pulepule; Sugale fa’ a’ ele’ele. Samoa;
Fiji; Aneiteum; New Ireland; New Guinea; Marcus I.; Shortland I. (Seale); East Indies.

This species is common in the East Indies, Indian Ocean, and South Seas. We have 12 specimens
from Pago Pago, and 16 from Apia.

Life colors of specimens called sugale sei, from Apia, dark green: 5 indigo blue black crossbars;
a bright red lateral streak posteriorly, a fainter one above it, blue below this; 5 broad greenish coppery
red bands radiating from eye, the broader anteriorly blue; a black spot before and across base of
pectoral; a blue-black spot on base of tail in larger one; chinand lower part of head dark blue (males
with a large black green-edged spot above pectoral); sides mottled with red; dorsal blue black; the soft
dorsal broadly golden at tip, a bluish streak below the golden; a pale streak across base of spinous
dorsal and pale tips; caudal translucent yellowish green, a red streak on each lobe, and a light green
edge above and below; anal pale yellow with a black spot anteriorly; ventrals yellowish; pectoral
yellowish; a deep blue-black stripe the whole length of dorsal, pale below, yellowish above.

986. Thalassoma schwanefeldi (Bleeker). Tubuai; Austral I. (Seale); East Indies.
987. Thalassoma janseni (Bleeker). New Guinea (Macleay); Aneiteum (Gtinther); East Indies.
988. Thalassoma aneitense Giinther. Hawaii; Aneiteum; Guam; Nukahiva (Seale).

989. Thalassoma mertensi (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Ulea.
This species, very imperfectly described from a drawing, we do not recognize. It may be the

young of Thalassoma lunare.
GOMPHOSUS Lacépede.

990. Gomphosus varius (Lacépéde). Hawaii; Samoa; Guam; Fanning Is. (Streets); New Guinea

_ (Macleay); East Indies.

This species is rather common about the Hawaiian Islands, as also about Samoa. We have 5
examples from Apia. i

We are not altogether certain that the Hawaiian species, Gomphosus pectoralis, is fully identical
with the East Indian Gomphosus varius, but the evidence points in that direction. Apparently Gom-
phosus undulatus and Gomphosus pacificus are color variations of this species.
991. Gomphosus undulatus Streets. Fanning Is.

Gomphosus undulatus Streets, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., vir, 85, 1877, Fanning Is.

This species, doubtfully separable from Gomphosus varius, is unknown to us.

992. Gomphosus pacificus Seale. Guam.
Gomphosus pacificus Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 94, Guam.

This species is probably a color variant of Gomphosus varius.

993. Gomphosus tricolor Quoy & Gaimard. Sugale. Hawaii; Samoa; Tahiti; Caroline Is.; New
Guinea (Macleay); Rarotonga; Makatea and Mangareva (Seale); East Indies.

This singular and beautifully colored fish is common about the Hawaiian Islands and occurs
throughcut the South Seas. We have two specimens from Apia and one from Pago Pago.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia called sugale, deep greenish black, indigo blue on head, each
scale of body with a violet bar and an olive wash; abright yellowish green bar aboye axil, which is
black; dorsal and anal light clear green, bluish at tip; caudal blue black on edges, pale behind, mesially

308 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

light vitriol blue; pectoral with a yellowish green crossbar at base, then dusky green, black on pos-
terior edge with a vertical median band of vivid clear blue; ventral blue black. Another was, in life,
green, rather than blue; dorsal and anal yellowish green.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, dorsal blue-green growing yellowish green at margin;
anal and caudal similar; body purplish green with dark pinkish maroon and light olivaceous scale
markings.

994. Gomphosus sandwichensis Giinther. Hawaii.

CIRRHILABRUS Schlegel.

995. Cirrhilabrus jordani Snyder. Hawaii.

996. Cirrhilabrus solorensis Bleeker. New Guinea (Macleay).

CHEILINUS Lacépede.

997. Cheilinus trilobatus Lacépéde. Sugale matamumu,; Lalafi. Samoa; Tahiti; New Guinea;
Ladrones; Guam; Fiji; New Hebrides; Kingsmill I.; Howland I.; Ponape; Futuna; Hawaii
(Quoy & Gaimard—as Cheilinus sinuosus, Cheilinus polygrammis Cuvier & Valenciennes,
and Cheilinus maculosus Cuvier & Valenciennes); East Indies.

This wide-spread species is very abundant about Samoa. We have 26 specimens from Apia, and
9 from Pago Pago. Quoy & Gaimard record it from Hawaii, but no subsequent collector has seen it
there. Life colors were noted in various specimens as follows:

(1) From Apia. Olive-gray; a series of greenish blue cross-streaks, very numerous and well-
defined; pale cherry-red cross-shades between them; head with radiating streaks and spots of crimson;
chin dull, blunt; dorsal light olive with cherry-red edge and intramarginal streak; soft rays mostly
colorless; a little dusky spot at base; caudal dusky, edged all around with pale, the tip and edge
mostly red; anal olive with green rays, and two red marginal; ventral with blue rays, an olive blotch,
and a pink edge; pectoral yellow olive; dark olive at base.

(2) From Apia. Blackish green; a bright orange-red vertical stripe on each scale, these faint or
obsolete posteriorly; head with many bright scarlet stripes and dashes; spinous dorsal olive-green
with two scarlet stripes and about four diffuse cross-shades; soft dorsal clear pinkish orange, the rays
yellow; no bars or spots; anal dark olive and pinkish orange in streaks, paler behind; no spots; caudal
dark olive-green washed with scarlet at tip, yellow-olive between; ventrals pink orange, the rays dark
olive-green; pectoral light yellowish olive; throat livid dusky blue; breast coppery green; caudal
rounded.

(3) From Apia. Marbled olive-green with four diffuse blackish bars; each scale with a brown
vertical streak; head with curved and vertical streaks and bars; spinous dorsal mottled orange, green
and brown, soft translucent pink; anal similar, its edge broadly translucent pink; pectoral fleshy red;
ventral olive and reddish barred.

(4) From Pago Pago. Dark olive-greenish with pinkish and greenish vertical linear scale spots;
head richer dark green with pink linear and spotty markings; pectorals thin, yellowish; ventral with
green rays and pink interspaces; anal with pink submarginal line and anterior half with second pink
line; general color greenish and bluish; caudal dark bluish; green at base, paler at tip; small round
jet-black spot before base of caudal.

998. Cheilinus hexagonatus Giinther. Hawaii; Johnston I.

(Cheilinus zonurus Jenkins.)

999. Cheilinus pulchellus Sauvage. Fiji.
Cheilinus pulchellus Sauvage, Bull. Sci. Philom., 1880, 14 (reprint), Fiji.

1000. Cheilinus fasciatus (Bloch). Lalafi pulepule. Samoa; Guam; Solomon I.; Palau I.; New

Guinea; Kingsmill I.; Vavau; Ponape; Faté; Shortland I. and Rarotonga (Seale) ; East Indies.

This species has a wide range extending from the Red Sea to the islands of the Pacific. It is very

common about Samoa; we have 50 specimens from Pago Pago and 7 from Apia. Life colors were
noted in various specimens as follows:

(1) From Pago Pago. Below eye thin brick-red extending, somewhat smoky, over dorsum just in

front of dorsal fin; breast region vermilion; upper head very smoky greenish with short reddish lines

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 309

radiating from eye; under jaw pale smoky; body grayish black with irregular pale narrow cross-bars;
small black circular spots on sides, red ones ventrally; caudal black and whitish banded with scarlet;
ocellar spots coalescing in vertical series in outer (submarginal) white band; dorsal with two narrow
crimson lines—crimson pink spots—markings toward posterior end; pectoral thin brick-red; ventral
crimson with blackish blotch.

(2) From Apia. Olive; body with 6 dark bars, irregular and broader than interspaces; posterior
half of head and first band and breast clear cinnamon-brown, the head anteriorly olive; iris scarlet;
scarlet and green dashes radiating from eye; lower jaw olive-brown; 2 darker shades across nape; some
scales on body darker than others; dorsal gray, red-edged; soft dorsal brown, the last rays transparent
orange; a broad pale yellow bar across base of caudal, the fin with 2 black bars and finely crossed by
orange lines; caudal truncate; anal barred at base like body, the edge mottled scarlet, the last rays
translucent, tinged green and orange; ventral bright orange red washed with black; pectoral brown-
ish, scarlet at base; lower part of sides with some round brown spots.

(3) From:Apia. Greenish aboye, reddish below, with dark shade on each scale; 5 whitish olive
cross-bands, much narrower than interspaces, the one at base of caudal broadest; snout paler
olive; dorsal and anal colored like body, not dotted; caudal with 2 dark cross-bands; last rays of
dorsal and anal pinkish translucent; sides of breast and belly with dark brown spots. Caudal
truncate.

(4) Specimen called lalafi pulepule. Apparently much in common with the preceding, but with
additional colors. Whole shoulderregion from base of dorsal across opercle and base of pectoral to breast
and including ventrals deep ferrugineous red, the ventrals very deep red; dorsal colored like body, but
with scarlet edge and two rows of scarlet spots on anterior soft rays; anal spotted with scarlet, yellowish
translucent behind, as is soft dorsal; some scarlet spots on yellowish band of anal, between two dark
spots; scarlet streaks radiating from eye; dark greenish olive, with five narrow pale olive cross bands;
the widest at base of caudal; caudal with two dark bands.

1001. Cheilinus digrammus (Lacépéde). Sugale; Lalafi. New Guinea; Louisiades; Fiji; Samoa;
Palau Is.; Shortland I. (Seale); East Indies.

We have eight specimens of this species from the coral reef at Pago Pago, where it is common.
Life colors of one specimen, greenish gray with weak salmon-brown scale-blotches; weak salmon
diffusion below; pink copper lines on upper head; on lower head purple-brown lines; lips olive-green,
also upper head; dorsal with pinkish margins; anal with almost crimson splashes; ventral with crimson
coloration at base; pectoral unmarked, thin saffron rays; caudal with blue-green rays, paling and
faintly reddish yellow at tips.

1002. Cheilinus undulatus Riippell. Samoa; Tahiti; Fanning Is.; New Guinea; Vavau; Paumotu
Ts.; Caroline Is.; Palau Js.: Oualan (as Cheilinus festivas); Tonga (as Cheilinus godeffroyi
Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1871, 666, pl. 66, young).

This handsome and widely distributed fish was found only at Pago Pago, where we obtained two
large specimens. Life colors of one of these, olive-gray, a black area on each scale, these becoming
brownish reticulations on breast; streaks before and behind eye black; orange streaks on head below
eye, bluish streaks above. Vertical fins all checkered with black bars; tip of caudal bright pale yellow;
ventral pale gray.

The other specimen was livid white under head, with salmon-yellow spots and curving linear
blotches; salmon-yellow spots on lips; head above light umber with slaty blue-gray lines; sides
greenish olive (grayish green?), with vertical blackish brown spots tapering to point above and below;
region below pectorals light-yellow greenish with fine purplish red lines; pectoral clear, with
greenish yellow tinge at base; ventral thin greenish; dorsal coarsely mottled brownish, with greenish
yellowish white spots; caudal similar with yellow margin; from eye two brown-black lines running
forward and back with small spot between hinder two near eye.

1003. Cheilinus unifasciatus Streets. Fanning Is.

Cheilinus unifasciatus Streets, Bull. U.S

. Nat. Mus., Vil, 1877, 82, Fanning Is.

This species is unknown to us. Dr. Streets regards it as very close to Cheilinus rhodochrous of
Gunther,

1004. Cheilinus ceramensis Bleeker. Aneiteum; East Indies.

3810 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

1005. Cheilinus nigropinnatus Seale. Guam.

Cheilinus nigropinnatus Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 86, Guam.
1006. Cheilinus oxycephalus Bleeker. New Guinea (Macleay).
1007. Cheilinus oxyrhynchus Bleeker. Palau Is. (Giinther); East Indies.

1008. Cheilinus kittlitzi Cuvier & Valenciennes. Ulea.
Cheilinus kittlitzi Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1v, 105, 1839, Ulea; on a drawing.
Cheilinus sanguineus Cuvier & Valenciennes, |. c., Ulea; on a drawing.

1009. Cheilinus roseus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Ulea.

Cheilinus roseus Cuvier & Valenciennes, |. c., Ulea; on a drawing by Mertens.

1010. Cheilinus bimaculatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Hawaii.

THALLIURUS Swainson.

Dorsal spines 10, otherwise essentially as in Cheilinus.

1011. Thalliurus chlorurus (Bloch). Sugale gasufi. Samoa; Yap; Ponape; Tahiti; Tonga; Fiji;
Palau Is.; New Hebrides; Paumotu Is.; East Indies.

This common and widely distributed species is abundant at Samoa. We have 4 examples from
Pago Pago and 25 from Apia. Life colors were noted in various specimens as follows:

(1) From Pago Pago. Dark olive, scales anteriorly and below each with a round blackish-brown
spot; those posteriorly and on back each with a median grayish shade, each forming streaks along
rows of scales; a round dusky blotch behind tip of pectoral; another on same line behind it, with
traces of two others, the last at base of caudal; dorsal mottled: like back, the edge scarlet; soft
dorsal translucent orange, deep scarlet at base, with a row of white dots; caudal dark orange, with
rows of white dots, and angular white vermiculations at base; anal dark brown, paler behind, with
many rows of white dots; ventral dark orange, profusely dotted with white; head with scarlet streaks
and dashes; jaws barred with brown.

(2) From Apia. Mottled brown, very dark, not pale below; some dark spots on scales deep brown;
head with scarlet spots and dashes, its lower parts blackish green; pale parts of dorsal, anal, and
caudal cherry-red with spots of whitish green or grayish blue; ventral very dark-brown red with gray
spots, small; pectoral plain reddish.

(3) From Apia. Dark olive, with blackish brown streaks on head; blackish brown spots on
scales anteriorly and grayish spots on back and posterior parts; fins much mottled; anal and ventral
with small round whitish dots; dorsal edged with dull orange, the posterior rays translucent, tinged
with orange-red at base; caudal much mottled, olivaceous washed with orange-red at tip; anal dark
olive, dull orange at tip with many white spots; ventral similar, darker; pectoral colorless, yellow at
base; caudal truncate.

(4) From Pago Pago. Complexly and irregularly mottled with greenish, brownish, and reddish
indications, most marked on dorsal, of three transverse bars; eye with green iris and red circumorbital
ring; under side in front of ventrals with bluish-white spots and cross-bars. Spines of dorsal blue green;
at base of tail a small but distinct ocellus, with sky-blue pupil, then narrow black line, then yellow
going off unevenly into reddish; caudal greenish-blue web, whitish spines; small red cross spots on
web and longitudinal spots on rays. ;

(5) From Apia. Olive with many darker spots and mottlings, a vague row of 4 small blackish
spots between pectoral and caudal, the first largest; head with brown streaks; dorsal yellowish and
brownish and olive, the last rays clear; caudal with 4 or 5 dark-brown bars; anal and ventral like
spinous dorsal, many spots but none stellate.

(6) From Apia. Everywhere excessively mottled, olive, black, and reddish; radiating dark-brown
streaks about eye; last soft rays of dorsal translucent pink.

PSEUDOCHEILINUS Bleeker.

This genus is well defined, as shown by Professor Snyder, by the peculiar structure of its partly
divided cornea. The species are small and the deep-blue pigment in the fins persists in alcohol.

1012. Pseudocheilinus octotznia Jenkins. Hawaii.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 311

1013. Psuedocheilinus hexatzenia Bleeker. J’ tusitusi. Samoa; Tahiti; Phoenix I.; East Indies.
(Pl. xutv, fig. 2.)
Cheilinus psittaculus Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LIv, 1866, 376, fig. 1, Samoa.

We have 18 examples of this pretty little fish taken at Apia.

Life colors of a specimen called ia tusitusi, deep purplish blue with six orange stripes which fade on
tail; tail rather abruptly grass-green, paler and yellowish behind; black at upper part of peduncle;
head rosy, bluish above; chin with two black dots; breast blue; ventrals deep blue; anal purplish,
anteriorly deep blue; dorsal orange anteriorly, becoming brownish behind; pectoral colorless; a black
dot behind dorsal.

1014. Pseudocheilinus evanidus Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.

NOVACULICHTHYS Bleeker.
1015. Novaculichthys woodi Jenkins. Hawaii.

1016. Novaculichthys teniurus (Lacépéde). Molemole. Hawaii; Samoa; Vanicolo; New Guinea;
East Indies.

This species varies considerably with age. Our smallest specimens have nine black streaks radi-
ating from the eye. As the individual grows older these are reduced to four, two upward and back-
ward and two downward and backward. Still later, only those running downward and backward
remain. These finally also disappear leaving the head in the adult quite plain. The other markings,
the cream-colored band at base of caudal, the black bar across base of pectoral, the black spot on front
of spinous dorsal, and the cross streaks on dorsal and anal change but little with age. In the young
the first two dorsal spines are much elevated, as in Novaculichthys kallosomus, which differs mainly
in the brighter coloration, with white markings on head and body.

Very common in the crevices of the reefs about Samoa, as also about Hawaii. We have one
specimen from Pago Pago and 13 from Apia.

Life colors of an Apia specimen, olive-slate, with yellow olive shading on the scales; axil black;
a golden spot on first pectoral ray at base; dorsal pale olive, with inky blotch on first rays, the fin
obliquely barred with grayish; caudal dusky, a grayish bar across base; pectoral, anal, and ventral
olive gray.

Other specimens from Apia, male and female, the former with banded head, were light brown;
seven cross bands of dark brown; dorsal and pectoral shaded with dull orange; soft dorsal, anal, and
caudal paler, shaded with yellowish; ventral dusky, dull orange washed, with white spots toward
tip; a pure white spot in axil; head pale-orange washed below.

1017. Novaculichthys macrolepidotus (Bloch). New Guinea; Waigiu; East Indies.

1018. Novaculichthys kallosomus Bleeker. Hawaii; Samoa; East Indies.

We have one small specimen of this handsome East Indian fish, taken at Pago Pago. Two others,
larger in size, were obtained by Snyder and Berndt at Honolulu. All are bright green in life.

Life color of aspecimen from Pago Pago, brilliant grass-green with pencil-like streaks of black and
bands of dark olive, these bands becoming bronze olive on the fins, markings on body of creamy white,
those above greenish white; fins greenish gray, except for markings; ventral dark green.

A colored drawing made in Pago Pago from this specimen is published in Jordan & Evermann’s
report on the Fishes of Hawaii.

HEMIPTERONOTUS Lacépéde.

1019. Hemipteronotus pentadactylus (Linneus). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

1020. Hemipteronotus umbrilatus Jenkins. Hawaii.

1021. Hemipteronotus copei Fowler. Hawaii.
Hemipteronotus copei Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1900, 508, Hawaii.
1022. Hemipteronotus baldwini Jordan & Eyermann. Hawaii.

(Hemipteronotus jenkinsi Snyder, young female.)

312 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

XYRICHTHYS Cuvier.

1028. Xyrichthys niveilatus Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.

INIISTIUS Gill.
1024. Iniistius pavoninus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii.
1025. Iniistius aneitensis (Gunther). Aneiteum.

1026. Iniistius carneotlavus (Peters). Dana Island.
Xyrichthys carneoflava Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 843, Dana I.

We have not seen this species, and we do not find Dana Island on any map. There is a Dana
peak in Fiji, and part of the collection described (H. M. 8. Gazelle) by Peters, came from Fiji. Most
of it was from the New Hebrides.

1027. Iniistius niger (Steindachner). Hawaii.
CYMOLUTES Ginther.

1028. Cymolutes leclusei (Quoy & Gaimard). Hawaii.

Family SCARICHTHYID.
SCARICHTHYS Bleeker.

1029. Scarichthys auritus (Kuhl & Van Hasselt). New Guinea (Macleay); Aneiteum (Gunther) ;
Rarotonga (Seale); East Indies.

1630. Scarichthys czruleopunctatus (Ruppell). New Guinea (Macleay); Rarotonga (Seale);
East Indies. ,

Depth 3.50 in length; eye 3.75 in head, 1 in preorbital portion of head, and 1 in interorbital space;
dorsal x, 10; anal rir, 9; scales of Jateral line 24.

Fie. 54.—Scarichthys cvruleopunctatus (Ruppell).

Body oblong, compressed; lateral line interrupted, the tubules two-branched; teeth and nostrils
generic; profile of head slightly different from other species of Scarichthys, being slightly concave
aboye the posterior margin of the eye, and: the snout with a slope slightly greater than 45°; caudal
peduncle 2.30 in head; the tubules on orbitals and preopercle quite prominent; base of anal fin 2.75
in base of dorsal; length of pectoral 1.40 in head; ventral 2.

Color in spirits, dull coppery green without white dots; about five zones of darker greenish on the
body, the first above base of pectoral and over shoulder, the second below the seventh and eighth

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 331183

dorsal spines, the third below the first to third dorsal rays, the fourth below the fifth to seventh dor-
sal rays, and the fifth below the axil of the dorsal; a dark blotch on base of pectoral, and another in
the posterior axil of the dorsal, this dark spot occupying the base of the last four dorsal rays; the
dark zones of color on the body, with the exception of the anterior one, invade the basal half ot
the dorsal fin; pectoral white, without marks; ventral with indistinct darker markings; anal with
five bands of dusky; caudal greenish, the tip white, and a white cross-band near the tip. Related
to S. auritus, but the markings different.

SCARIDEA Jenkins.
10381. Scaridea balia Jenkins. Hawaii.
1082. Scaridea zonarcha Jenkins. Hawaii.

1038. Scaridea aerosa Jordan & Snyder. Hawaii.

CALOTOMUS Gilbert.

1034. Calotomus irradians Jenkins. Hawaii.
1035. Calotomus sandwichensis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii.

1036. Calotomus moluccensis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). New Guinea (Macleay); Aneiteum; East
Indies.
1037. Calotomus waigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard). New Guinea; Waigiu; East Indies.

Scarus vaigiensis, Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, 288, 1824, Waigiu.

Searus spinidens, Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, 289, 1824, Waigiu, same type. Bleeker, Atlas, Scar., 13, tab. 11,
fig. 3, Amboina.

Callyodon spinidens, Giinther, Cat., 1v, 215, Waigiu.

Callyodon waigiensis, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIv, 296, 1889, Waigiu.

Callyodon hypselosoma, Bleeker, Amboina, VI, 425, Amboina.

1038. Calotomus snyderi Jenkins. Hawaii.
1039. Calotomus cyclurus Jenkins. Hawaii.
1040. Calotomus carolinus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Caroline Is.

1041. Calotomus brachysomus (Bleeker). New Guinea ( Macleay); East Indies.

CALLYODON Gronow (1763).
(Scarus Forskal, 1775; not of Gronow, 1763.)
We regret that the exigencies of the law of priority require the suppression of the time-honored
name of Scarus; it was first used in 1763, for a species of Lahrus.
ANALYSIS OF POLYNESIAN SPECIES OF CALLYODON.

a, CALLYODON. Jaws whitish or rosy.
b. Species with the coloration in life chiefly dark red or brown, sometimes golden or clouded, never largely deep blue
or green.
c. Lipnarrow, not covering more than half of upper jaw.
d. Scales on cheek in two rows.

exColomblackish-red; caudalvfimtlargelySCarle tise ajemc senna cciaelo wets ele minis olmi= pn nian nlm almrlnlare wala nla a/aielolalalat=/=|alaiat = pyrrhurus
ee. Color not as above.
f. Sides with pale spots, more or less regularly arranged; young with lengthwise pale streak....--........ bennetti
ff. Olive; scales with darker centers; fins black -.....----------.-----00- 22-222 - enn ww enn nn enn nnn ne platodon
Uff. Dull red, brighter below, almost unmarked................-----------.------»----+------------ miniatus, goldiei
Jiff. Leaden gray, unmarked : borborus
Hf f fs @ OLOLAOXLOW DASH y CLO Wiper mes wralatalae ciate ele o = mle loin alla le mien efoto oleate = == enn lnim e lneee labiosus

dd. Scales on cheek in three rows; dark red-brown, each scale on side with three dark streaks............ ruberrimus
cc. Lip broad, covering more than half of upper jaw.
g. Seales on cheek in two rows.
h. Color dark red-brown, nearly uniform.
i. Side of tail with a dusky shade ............-.--------++-.------ Jac nporcosaasoanoosecnosacesedscons purpurcus

B. B. F.1905—21

314 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

tpBack Sreenish\ssmeer a ssaiesieetecieiet is celeereineciscisctete sere etree SEARS i auek pikes Wee eae Ee filholi
iii. Dorsal reddish brown, edged with purplish black ...............---.-------- +--+ +--+ +e eee eee erythrodon
BaSESRSCOSBCOOO FNS 7000 6ouBseuRs cand obadabOSESOseaNOS Gade sD00e0s5C 00500 moensi

erythacus
sasaads nonodeassasspHdecoocbesadeoonbposnosbeouesseDsCd ahula

gg. Scales on cheek in three rows.
j. General color dark red or dark brown, Without cross shades of blackish or golden (caudal tipped with
gray); lacerta (belly with pale streaks); lepidus; paluca; wpolensis.......----------+--+---+------- dubius
jj. General color violet, posteriorly chiefly yellow...........------------------- +--+ +2 eeee- +e
jij. General color olivaceous, the border of each scale darker ..-
jijj- General color oliyaceous; a golden wash or oblique cross-band behind pectoral ........------- oviceps
Wi zonularis

cece. Lips and scales on cheek undescribed.
k. Color mostly red ...- roseiceps, cruentatus
KeuCOlomlargelysvarticdyeesereer ieee ecacecetenseietorc ce semeecesecerimace reece errs ocellatus
bb. Species largely deep blue or deep green, the color scarcely fading in spirits; head usually more or less variegated ;
the fins often with red, and usually edged with blue.
l. Lip narrow, not covering more than half of upper jaw.
m. Cheek with two rows of scaies.
n. Forehead with variegated markings.........
nn. Forehead plain or with a narrow cross-streak -

perspicillatus, brighami
----quoyi, lupus, jonesi

mm. Cheek with three rows of scales ....-...-------- +--+ +22 eee eee ee eee ee eee papuensis, moresbyensis
ll. Lip broad, covering more than half of upper jaw.
o. Scales on cheek in two rows......-----------------+---- gilberti, bataviensis, abacurus, formosus
oo. Seales on cheek in three rows.
p. Color green anteriorly, coffee-brown posteriorly.......--.-----------+--++-++----- dimidiatus
‘pp. Color green with darker cross-shades .....--..---+--------+-+--- Gueepndcadacassosesd IOUS
ppp. Color nearly uniform anterior y and posteriorly.
q. Back golden, much spotted anteriorly with clear blue ...---..------------------ spilonotus,
pulchellus, blochi, frenatus
qq. Back without spots as above .........-..-2+----+.22.5----- +e == globiceps, spinus, pronus,
jenkinsi, fumifrons, kelloggi, tricolor, dussumieri, pyrrhostethus, pepo, fasciatus
ll. Lips and scales on cheeks undescribe@ ........--.-----------+-e0- eee eee ees JSestivus, frontalis, forsteri

ad. PSEUDOSCARUS. Jaws green or blue.
y. Coloration largely dark red, the jaws deep blue; lip largely covering upper jaw: scales
on cheek in three rows.

s. Head without green markings .........-..-.----------- 2-2-2222 e eee eee prasiognathus
ss: Head with dark green streaks and markings ..........--.---------.--------- maoricus
rr. Coloration brown, the fins black-edged ..........-...-.--------+--+--+--- nuchipunctatus

rrr. Coloration largely deep green or blue.
t. Lip covering less than half of upper jaw.

uw. Scalesion'cheekinitwoseries=s...- 2 9-22 <2 scene one eo ee latax, celebicus,

cypho, troscheli, macleayi, gymnognathos

wu. Seales on cheek in three rows ......------ jordani, strongylocephalus, microrhinos
tt. Lip covering more than half of upper jaw.

v, Scales on cheeks in two rows; belly with blue streaks. ...-......- cyanogrammus

vv. Scales on cheeks in three rows....-.----- ultramarinus, lazulinus, cyanognathus

tit. Lips and scales undescribed ... ..-.- 2.02.2... 02-2 -c2----25 mertensi, spilurus, waitet

1042. Callycdon pyrrhurus Jordan & Seale, new species. Muga mumu. Samoa.

Head 2.75 in length; depth 3.75; eye 7.50 in head; dorsal rx, 10; anal 11,9; scales 2-24-6; two
rows of scales on cheek; lower limb of preopercle bare; snout 2.13 in head; interorbital 3.10.

Body oblong, compressed; anterior part of head bluntly rounded, the snout slightly gibbous;
depth of caudal peduncle 2.70 in head; a pair of strong posterior canines on upper jaw, none on lower;
lips rather narrow, the upper scarcely covering one-half and the lower about one-third of teeth; base
of dorsal fin 1.78 in length without caudal, its longest ray 3 in head; base of anal 1.45 in head, 2.16 in
base of dorsal; pectoral 1.45 in head; ventral 1.98; caudal 2, truncate or slightly lunate.

Color in spirits olive-brown, the base of scales slightly darker; chin and thorax with slight wash
of yellowish; tip of lips yellowish; indistinctly yellowish from eye to-angle of mouth; dorsal fin black-
ish, with some yellowish mottlings on posterior third of soft dorsal; anal fin dusky, unmarked; pec-
toral dusky, more or less blotched with bluish wash; ventral similar to pectoral; caudal bright yellow,
its 3 margins with a narrow line of black; iris yellow; teeth greenish.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. ray ILf5)

Color in life of a specimen from Apia, clear olivaceous sooty, a little paler on tail; axil olive-black;
dorsal, anal, pectoral and ventral like body, dorsal and pectoral with black edge; caudal deep brown-
ish red, with a blackish edge.

Another specimen from Apia was dark purplish gray, almost black; throat and belly about the
same; a little olive on throat; first dorsal, pectoral and ventral like body; axil blackish; soft dorsal
washed with red; caudal clear dark red, edged with black, the upper and lower rays dusky.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, dark purplish gray, centers of scales blackish; axil dark;
dorsal, anal, ventral and pectoral black; soft dorsal dull orange with a black edge (some velvety
green-black); caudal brilliant scarlet, its edge dark.

Eight specimens from Apia and Pago Pago. The type is no. 51748, U. S. National Museum, from
Pago Pago, length 9.75 inches.

S
S
Ss

Fie. 55.—Callyodon pyrrhurus Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

10438. Callyodon bennetti (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Amasapupema. Hawaii; Samoa.
Scarus bennettii Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xv, 270, Sandwich Is. Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm.,
xx, 1903, 470, Honolulu.

We have 6 examples of this fis., from Apia. Teeth rosy, dusky at base, uncovered; no canines;
two rows of scales on cheek; caudal truncate. ‘

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, blackish brown, a bronze-black area on each scale; snout,
lips, and below bright dark cinnamon; belly dark red-brown; dorsal cinnamon, mottled and dark
edged; caudal truncate, soiled red-brown; anal similar, almost black; ventral similar to anal; pectoral
dark brown, fading below; axil dark.

Another specimen from Apia was violet brown, clear on belly, darker on back; sides olive shaded,
the scales mottled; forehead, chin and throat vinous red brown; dorsal deep vinous brown, blackish
on edge; caudal similar, paler, a broad dusky shade at tip; axil with a dark cross-shade; anal and
ventral like dorsal; pectoral a little paler.

1044. Callyodon platodon (Seale). Guam.

Pseudoscarus platodoni (misprint) Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 96, Guam.

1045. Callyodon miniatus (Jenkins). Hawaii.

Scarus miniatus Jenkins, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., x1x, 1899 (Aug. 30, 1900), 62, fig. 20, Honolulu.

1046. Callyodon goldiei (Macleay). New Guinea.

Pseudoscarus goldiet Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1883, 590.

1047. Callyodon borborus (Jordan & Evermann). Hawaii.

Scarus barborus (misprint for borborus) Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., xx11, 1902 (1903), 197, Honolulu.

316 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

1048. Callyodon labiosus (Macleay). New Guinea.

1049. Callyodon ruberrimus Jordan & Seale, new species. Fuga ulapo. Samoa.

Head 2.75 in length; depth 3.20; eye 8.25 in head; dorsal 1x, 10; anal m1, 9; scales 2-246; three
rows of scales on cheek, the lower row of only 2 scales, almost covering lower limb of preopercle.

Body elongate, compressed, the anterior of head bluntly rounded, the snout somewhat gibbous;
depth of caudal peduncle 2.85 in head; six rows of scales in front of dorsal; a single posterior canine
of small size in upper jaw; lips narrow, covering only one-half, or less than one-half, of teeth, the
upper lip narrower than lower; base of dorsal 1.85 in head, its longest ray 3 in head; base of anal 1.85,
2.75 in base of spinous dorsal, its longest ray 3.10 in head; pectoral 1.50; ventrals 2; caudal deeply
lunate, exposed outer ray 1.80; exposed midray 4.

Color in life of a specimen from Apia, clear reddish brown; coppery red on throat, breast and
belly; each scale with three radiating marks of dark brown; lips red. Dorsal reddish brown, dusky
edged; caudal dark brownish red; other fins brownish red, a little paler; ventral bright red; teeth pale.

Color in spirits, dull olive-brown, lighter below, being yellowish white on under part of head and
body; lips without color bands, the tips being yellowish; there is a wide dark bar of color descending

Fic. 56.—Callyodon ruberrimus Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

vertically from fourth to seventh dorsal spines to belly; in most of its length the bar is indistinct and
made up of black spots, but beneath the posterior part of pectorals it is very distinet; a blackish
spot at angle of mouth; a slight trace of a dusky line from lower part of orbit to axis of mouth; a
whitish blotch on gill-membranes at isthmus; three dark olive radiating marks on each scale; dorsal
fin dull pale green, darker posteriorly, the margin dusky; anal dull grayish green; pectoral brownish,
the posterior portion becoming yellowish; ventral dull yellowish; caudal olive-brown; iris golden;
teeth pale. :

Onespecimen from Pago Pago, Samoa. Type, no. 51749, U.S. National Museum, length 20.25 inches.

1050. Callyodon purpureus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Samoa; Ulea.
Scarus purpureus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIv, 277, 1839, Ulea.

Head 2.75 in length; depth 2.75; eye 7.25 in head; dorsal rx, 10; anal m1, 9; scales 2-24-6; two
rows of scales on cheek, the lower limb of preopercle bare; snout 2.25; interorbital 3.10.

Body oblong, compressed; anterior profile bluntly rounded, upper jaw prominent; depth of caudal
peduncle 2.25 in head; a very small posterior canine in upper jaw; lips narrow, scarcely covering one-
half of upper jaw and less than one-half of lower; five rows of scales in front of dorsal; base of dorsal
1.75 in length without caudal, its longest ray 2.95 in head; base of anal 1.50 in head, 2.30 in base of
dorsal; pectoral 1.40; ventral 2.10; caudal slightly rounded.

Color in spirits, dull olive brown; a purplish wash on top of head and snout, lighter on under part
of head, thorax and belly; 3 or 4 indistinct darker lines on side of belly; caudal peduncle with a

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 317

large roundish black blotch at base of caudal; tip of lips yellowish; caudal and anal dark brown, with-
out markings; pectoral yellowish; ventral yellowish, splashed with brown; caudal yellowish, shaded
with irregular blotches of brown; a fine line of gray at the tip with darker intermargin; iris golden;
teeth white.

In life dark purplish brown, almost unmarked, but with a large rounded blackish blotch at base
of caudal.

Three specimens from Apia. The specimen described is 9.35 inches long.

Fia. 57.—Callyodon purpureus (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

1051. Callyodon filholi (Sauvage). Fiji.
Pseudoscarus filholi Sauvage, Bull. Sci. Philom. 1880, 15 (reprint), Fiji.

1052. Callyodon erythrodon (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Fuga ’avasai. Samoa; Laysan; Tahiti and
Faté (Seale). ;
Scarus erythrodon Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1v, 255, 1839, Ile de France.

Scarus sumbawensis Bleeker, Banda, v, 104, Sumbawa. Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 97, Guam. Steindachner,
Denk. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1900, Laysan.

Head 2.75 in length; depth 3; eye 7 in head; snout 2.35; interorbital 3; dorsal rx, 10; anal 11, 9;
scales 2-24-6; two rows of scales on the cheek, the lower opercular limb naked.

Body oblong, compressed, the anterior profile of head bluntly rounded; depth of caudal peduncle
2.75 in head; no posterior canines; upper lip broad, covering more than two-thirds of teeth, lower lip
covering one half of teeth, in the young the teeth are fully covered; four rows of scales in front of
dorsal; base of dorsal 1.75 in length without caudal, its longest ray 3.75 in head; base of anal 1.50,
2.25 in base of dorsal; pectoral 1.50; ventral 2.10; caudal slightly rounded.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, dark purplish brown, the scales lighter edged, the belly
tinged with bright red; dorsal reddish brown, clear behind, finely mottled with dark olive, edged
with blackish; caudal dull violet brown, with some darker mottlings and a pale edge; anal dusky
wine color, with a dark and a pale edge; ventral vermilion, rather bright; pectoral dull brownish,
translucent behind.

Color in spirits, violet-olive, dorsal and anal fins darker, without distinctive markings; pectoral
yellowish gray; ventrals grayish, darker at tips, caudal grayish with dusky blotches more or less in
form of bands, a very narrow line of gray at margin with submarginal dusky area; usually a dusky
blotch posterior to eye; iris golden; lips yellowish; teeth white.

Numerous specimens from Pago Pago. The specimen described is 8.30 inches long.

10538. Callyodon moensi (Bleeker). Tahiti and Faté (Seale); Celebes.

Scarus moensi Bleeker, Celebes, X11, 54.

318 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

1054. Callyodon brunneus (Jenkins). Hawaii; Samoa.
Scarus brunneus Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., xXrx, 1899 (1900), 59, fig. 16, Honolulu.

We have 2 specimens from Apia which agree with cotypes of this species from Honolulu.

1055. Callyodon erythacus Jordan & Seale, new species.

Head 3 in length; depth 3.10; eye 7 in head; snout 2.65; interorbital 3.25; dorsal 1x, 10; anal 11,
9; scales 2-24-6, two rows on cheek; lower limb of preopercle bare.

Body oblong, compressed; anterior of head evenly roundedand rather blunt; depth of caudal pedun-
cle 2.01inhead; apairof large posterior canines in upper jaw, none on lower jaw; lips wide, almost cover-
ing teeth; three scales in front of dorsal; base of dorsal 1.25 in head, its longest ray 2.35; base of anal
120, 2.14 in base of dorsal; pectoral 1.20 in head; ventral 1.75; caudal lunate, outer exposed ray 1.95,
exposed middle ray 3.95. ;

Color in life, dirty purplish brown; belly coppery red; head plain; dorsal brown, blackish at
margin anteriorly, pale posteriorly; a white streak along base of dorsal spines; caudal purplish brown,
with pale edge; anal mottled brown with dark and pale edge; ventral mottled coppery brown-red;
pectoral pale; dark in axil; caudal lunate.

Fic. 58.—Callyodon erythacus Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

Color in spirits, dull olive-brown, the base of scales darker, under part of head and belly lighter;
three more or less distinct whitish lines along side of belly; a dusky blotch on axil and on posterior
part of opercle; a dusky blotch on upper part of eye; top of head duil greenish; lips without distinct
bands except two slight traces of greenish around lower lip; dorsals dusky, the membranes around the
spines gray; some gray blotches between the bases of the rays, a slight wash of gray on posterior tip
of fin; anal dusky, some grayish blotches at base; pectoral grayish; ventral grayish; caudal mottled
dusky with grayish posterior tip.

This species is close to Callvodon lacerta, differing in the pale or red breast, in purplish, not orange,
edge to fins, and in having but two rows of scales on cheek. The jaws are well covered, and posterior
canines present.

One specimen, the type no. 51750, U. S. National Museum, from Apia, length 10.50 inches.

1056. Callyodon ahula (Jenkins). Hawaii.
Seen ahula Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 1899 (1900), 61, fig. 19, Honolulu. Snyder, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm.,
1902 (1904), 531, Honolulu.
1057. Callyodon mutabilis Gronow. New Guinea (Macleay); Shortland I. (Seale); Celebes;
Amboina. ;

Calliodon mutabilis Gronow, Cat. Fish., ed. Gray, 1854, 86, Amboina.
Pseudoscarus pentazona Bleeker, Atlas, 1, Scar., 46, tab. x1, fig. 1, Celebes.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 319

1058. Callyodon dubius (Bennett). Hawaii; Samoa; Tahiti; Tubuai and Raiatea (Seale).
Scarus dubius Bennett, Zool. Jour., tv, 37, Sandwich Is.
Pseudoscarus dubius Giinther, Cat., 1v, 229, Sandwich Is., Fiji Is.

We have 3 specimens of this species from Apia.

1059. Callyodon lacerta (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Samoa; East Indies.
Scarus lacerta Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1v, 217, 1839, Pondicherry.
Pseudoscarus xruginosus Giinther, Cat., rv, 229; not Scarus eruginosus Cuvier & Valenciennes.

This is the commonest fuga, or parrot-fish, at the Samoan Islands. We have about 60 specimens
from Apia and 16 from Pago Pago.

Head 3.10 in length; depth 2.75; eye 6.50 in head; dorsal 1x, 10; anal 111, 10; scales 2-24-6, three
rows on cheek, the lower row of 4 scales on lower limb of preopercle.

Body oblong, compressed, the anterior profile bluntly rounded; depth of caudal peduncle 2.10; a
posterior canine in upper jaw; lips wide, fully covering all but tip of teeth; five scales in front of dor-
sal fin; base of dorsal 1.75 in length of fish without caudal, its lower ray 3.14 in head; base of anal
1.25 in head, 2.50 in base of dorsal, its longest ray 3.75 in head; pectoral 1.14; ventral 2; caudal
rather deeply lunate 1.14. The specimen described is 9.55 inches long, from Pago Pago.

Life colors of various specimens were as follows:

(1) Dark dull purplish olive; chin and space below eye paler; vertical fins marbled with dull
reddish purple, no clear markings; a dark bar across throat. Specimen from Apia.

(2) Also from Apia. Dull olive, shaded with lilac-brown; a blackish blotch above pectoral; base
of pectoral dusky; fins all dull lilae-brown.

(3) From Pago Pago. Dirty mottled blackish olive; iris dusky; three silver streaks along side of
belly; axil black; dorsal mottled with salmon colored patch at tips of third and fourth spines; caudal
brown mottled, tips paler; anal dusky; pectoral and ventral mottled olive.

(4) From Pago Pago. Body mottled olive-brown; iris golden; three dull silvery streaks along side
of belly; axil black; dorsal olive with salmon tinge, edge black; caudal dull olive, medially salmon;
anal blackish; pectoral brownish, tinged with salmon; ventral dirty gray.

(5) From Pago Pago. Dark olive-brown, more olive on cheek; three well defined whitish streaks
along side of belly; belly dark, like sides, or a little paler; dorsal dark reddish brown, with an orange
edge; caudal pale and redder, but still plain reddish brown; anal a little darker; pectoral and ventral
similar; forehead darker brown; a dark axillary spot.

(6) From Pago Pago. Purplish brown, with olive shades along sides; reddish on breast; dorsal
reddish, edged with purplish; caudal plain reddish brown, lunate; pectoral dull orange, the lower
rays purplish; ventral redder; anal olive and purplish; a dark shade across branchiostegal region.

Color in spirits, a dull olive-brown, lighter below, 3 distinct white lines on each side of belly and
a wide indistinct blackish band-like area on side below posterior two-thirds of spinous dorsal, invading
the lighter coloring of the belly; top of snout with slight wash of purplish; dorsal brownish, unmarked;
anal brownish, lighter at base; pectoral grayish; ventral yellowish, gray at tip; caudal brownish,
unmarked; iris golden; teeth white.

1060. Callyodon lepidus (Jenyns). Tahiti; Rarotonga (Seale).
Scarus lepidus Jenyns, Zool. Beagle, Fish., 108, 1842, Tahiti.

1061. Callyodon paluca (Jenkins). Hawaii.
Scarus paluca Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 1889 (1900), 60, fig. 18, Honolulu. Snyder, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm.,
1902 (1904), 531, Honolulu.

1062. Callyodon upolensis Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3 in length; depth 3; eye 4.95 in head; dorsal 1x, 10; anal 111, 9; scales 2-24-6, three rows
on cheek, the lower row of three scales on lower limb of preopercle; snout 3in head; interorbital 3.18.
Body oblong, compressed; anterior profile rather pointed; depth of caudal peduncle 2.55 in head;
no posterior canines; lips wide, almost covering tip of teeth; base of dorsal fin 1.85 in length without
caudal, its longest ray 2.50 in head; base of anal fin 1.50 or 2.50 in base of dorsal; pectoral 1.45 in

head; ventral 1.98; caudal almost square, the upper and lower margin of fin scarcely produced.

320 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Color in spirits, dull brown, the center of each scale lighter, giving the appearance of about 8
lighter longitudinal stripes; tip of snout, chin, thorax, and belly a shade lighter than body color, the
lips and side of snout with slight wash of dull yellowish; a yellowish blotch on opercle; dorsal fin
dull yellowish with wash of dusky and a darker margin; anal, ventral, and caudal yellowish with
wash of dusky; pectoral yellow; iris yellow; teeth white.

The young are similar in coloring to adults, except that the fins do not show so much dusky; being
without the dark tip to dorsal, but with a narrow dark line at base of dorsal and anal.

Three specimens from Apia, 2.10 to 4.50 inches long. The type is no. 51751, U. 8S. National
Museum, 4.50 inches long, from Apia.

Fic. 59.—Callyodon upolensis Jordan & Seale, new species, Type.

1068. Callyodon macrocheilos (Bleeker). Faté, New Hebrides (Seale); East Indies.

(Scarus macrocheilos Bleeker, Gilolo, 60.)

1064. Callyodon balinensis (Bleeker). Fugapa’i; Fuga pwipa’i; Fuga mea. Samoa; East Indies.
Scarus balinensis Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen., xx11; Bijdr. Ichth. Bali, 8.
Pseudoscarus balinensis Bleeker, Atlas, 1, 39, tab. XvI, fig. 3, Bali, Banda.

Head 3.10 in length; depth 3.10; eye 6.50 in head; dorsal rx, 10; anal 111, 9; scales 2-24-6, three
rows on cheek, the lower row of three scales on lower part of preopercle; snout 2.50 in head; interor-
bital 3.10.

Body oblong, compressed, rather elongate; the anterior of head rather pointed; depth of cauda)
peduncle 2.12 in head; no posterior canines; lips wide, covering all but small tip of jaws; seven rows
of scales in front of dorsal; dorsal 1.85 in length without caudal, its longest ray 2.75 in head; base of
anal 1.20 in head, 1.25 in base of dorsal, its longest ray 3 in head; pectoral 1.25 in head; ventral 1.70;
caudal moderately lunate, 1.12 in head.

Color in spirits, dull, grayish, lighter below; four yellowish lines along sides of belly, lower lip
yellowish, upper lip grayish; a slight dusky wash on posterior margin of opercle and at axis of
pectoral; dorsal grayish with dark margin, and a lighter submarginal line, the fin somewhat splashed
with yellowish; anal yellowish, with dark margin, and a few dusky blotches at base; pectoral
yellowish; yentral yellowish, with narrow indistinct darker margins; caudal dark grayish; a fine line
of gray at tip, with a narrow submarginal dusky line; iris golden; teeth white.

Description of a specimen 11 inches long, from Apia. We have 10 specimens from this locality.

Life colors of one specimen drab, the scales above edged with bronze brown; a faint diffuse blotch
of darker drab on lateral line, above vent; dorsal gray with a brownish reddish submarginal band,
the edge bluish gray; caudal grayish olive, darker at edge; anal light reddish brown, the edge bluish;
ventral pale reddish; pectoral rather bright yellow, axil black; head plain gray.

Another specimen in life was rather light brown, the belly pinkish brown; each scale above
margined all around with clear olive brown; lower jaw abruptly pale brown with shades of livid bluish;
dorsal dull orange, grayish at base, with a blue-black edge; anal brighter orange, with a broader edge
of blue black; caudal grayish at base, then sooty brown, the edges dusky blue; ventral light orange,

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 321

edged with bluish; pectoral dusky yellow, edged before with bluish; lips reddish, the upper dark;
side of belly with three pale stripes.

1065. Callyodon oviceps (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Fuga uli. Tahiti; Samoa.
Scarus oviceps, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xiv, 244, Tahiti.
Pseudoscarus oviceps, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 225; copied from Valenciennes.

Head 3.10 to end of vertebrae; depth 3.10; eye 6.75 in head; dorsal rx, 10; anal m1, 8; scales 2-24-6;
three rows on cheek, the lower row of three scales on lower limb of preopercle.

Body oblong, compressed, the anterior of head broadly rounded, the snout in front of eye slightly
gibbous; depth of caudal peduncle 2.10 in head; no posterior canines; lips broad, covering teeth; six
scales in front of dorsal; longest ray of dorsal 2.75 in head; base of anal 1.14, 1.95 in base of dorsal, its
longest ray 3.10 in head; pectoral 1.30 in head; ventral 1.90; caudal lunate 1.18.

Life colors of an immature example from Apia, light olive, golden on sides of head; below a dark
brown diffuse band from snout through eye to gill-opening; two diffuse yellowish shades from spinous
dorsal downward, a darker area between; fins dull pinkish olive, the caudal darker above and below;
the ventral almost white.

An adult example, also from Apia, was dusky mottled olive, almost black on back anteriorly; a
dull golden area bounding the black, from cheek to end of pectoral, then obliquely upward; another
yellow blotch on back behind it; a whitish stripe below eye bounding the yellow; dorsal reddish
brown with a black edge which fades behind; caudal lunate, dull orange brown; anal brownish red,
rather bright, paler at base; ventral colorless; pectoral colorless, blackish above toward tip; lips
reddish brown; chin and below clear brown, the belly whitish. Brighter colored than the preceding
specimen.

A specimen from Pago Pago was slaty blackish above; broad pale greenish-yellow blotch below
eye and running up to dorsum about even with tip of pectoral when laid back; below whitish; ven-
trals and anal thin salmon scarlet; dorsal with blackish margin and base, and broad median, rather
dark, reddish band; pectoral dark near anterior margin, then yellowish, then uncolored.

Color in spirits brownish, darker above, a yellowish band from middle of dorsal fin obliquely
down to point of pectorals, a similar but mnuch smaller and less distinct band down from middle of
soft dorsal; upper part of head dusky with bluish wash distinctly separated from yellowish lower half
of head by a dark line from snout through lower part of eye to posterior margin of opercles; tip of the
lips yellowish; dorsal brownish with yellowish blotches, the posterior tip of fin being yellowish; anal,
pectoral, and ventral yellowish, unmarked. Some specimens show a slight dusky wash on pectoral;
caudal grayish; iris golden; teeth white.

Seven specimens from Apia and 5 from Pago Pago. The one described is 8.55 inches long, and
was obtained at Apia. The species is rather common at Samoa.

1066. Callyodon zonularis Jordan & Seale, new species. Fuga mea. Samoa.

Head 3 in length; depth 3; eye 6.75 in head; snout 2.10; interorbital 2.85; dorsal 1x, 10; anal 111, 9;
scales 2-246, three rows on cheek, the lower row of four scales, covering the lower limb of
preopercle.

Body oblong, compressed; snout gibbous; caudal peduncle thick and strong, its depth equal to
snout; no canines; lips covering more than two-thirds of upper teeth; gill-rakers small, numerous;
opercle and preopercle entire; six scales in front of dorsal; origin of dorsal over posterior margin of
opercle; longest dorsal spine 3.20 in head, the longest ray 2.50; base of anal 1.50, 2.30 in base of dorsal,
its longest ray 3 in head; pectoral 1.20; ventral 1.98, its origin on line with middle of base of
pectoral; caudal square.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, olive yellow, clear golden in a bar behind pectoral; back
with four dusky crossbars overlying yellow; a blackish shade on side of head across eye; breast and
lips creamy reddish; fins all yellow, shaded like neighboring parts of body, the pectoral clear yellow;
traces of pale golden streaks along side of belly; also a diffuse yellow lateral stripe.

A specimen from Pago Pago had a pale greenish yellow suffusion over body; four indistinctly
marked smoky bands from dorsum half way down sides, fading ventrally; belly yellowish whitish,
also ventral; cheeks rather yellow; lips saffron; black bar behind eye; caudal reddish saffron.

Color in spirits grayish white, with 5 wide oblique bands of black which extend over back and
to about the median line of sides, the bands of greater width than the interspaces, the first at origin

322 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

of spinous dorsal, and more or less amalgamated with the dusky upper half of head, the second band
from fifth to eighth dorsal spines, the third from first to fifth dorsal rays, the fourth from seventh to
tenth dorsal rays, and the posterior band, which is very indistinct and more or less united with the
fourth, on the middle portion of caudal peduncle; a black band from eye to posterior margin of
opercle, the dusky upper half of head sharply separated from lighter lower half by a line of dusky
with a whitish line below it, extending from orbit to angle of mouth; lips yellowish; teeth yellowish;
iris dusky with inner ring of golden; dorsal grayish, the dusky bands of body invading the fin more
or less; caudal grayish; pectoral, ventral, and anal yellowish white, unmarked.

This strongly marked species is common at Samoa; we have three examples from Apia and ten
from Pago Pago.

Described from the type, no. 51752, U.S. National Museum, from P...0 Pago, length 10.50 inches.

Fie. 60.—Callyodon zonularis Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

1067. Callyodon roseiceps (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Ulea, Caroline Is.
Scarus roseiceps Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1v, 279, 1839, Ulea.

1068. Callyodon cruentatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Ulea.
Scarus cruentatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., XIV, 277, Ulea.

1069. Callyodon ocellatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Caroline Is.
Scarus ocellatus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., XIv, 278, Caroline Is.
Pseudoscarus ocellatus, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 233; after Valenciennes.

1070. Callyodon perspicillatus (Steindachner). Hawaii; Johnston I.

Scarus perspicillatus Steindachner, Denks, Ak. Wiss. Wien, X11, 1879, 16, taf. Iv, fig. 1, Sandwich Is. Smith &
Swain, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 134, Johnston I. Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., xx11, 1902 (1903), 470,
Honolulu. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., xxv, 1903 (1905), 347, fig. 149, Honolulu, Puako
Bay, Johnston T.

This large and beautiful scaroid is rather rare. It is highly esteemed by the Hawaiians as a food
fish.
1071. Callyodon brighami (Bryan & Herre). Marcus I.

Scarus brighami Bryan & Herre, Bishop Museum, 1903, 11, 131, Marcus I.
Described from a single specimen collected at Marcus Island by William Alanson Bryan.

1072. Callyodon quoyi (Cuvier & Valenciennes). New Ireland; Shortland I. (Seale); Kast Indies.

Scarus quoyi Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIv, 278, 1889, New Ireland. Bleeker, Ternate, I, 607,
Ternate.
Pseudoscarus quoyi, Bleeker, Atlas Ich., 1, 29, tab. v1, fig. 8, Ternate. Giinther, Cat., Iv, 239; after Bleeker.

1078. Callyodon lupus (Fowler). Thornton I.
Scarus lupus Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1899, 491, Thornton I.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 323

1074. Callyodon jonesi (Streets). Fanning Is.
Scarus jonesi Streets, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., vil, 1877, Fanning I.

1075. Callyodon papuensis (Macleay). New Guinea.
Pseudoscarus papuensis Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 18838, 590.

1076. Callyodon moresbyensis Macleay. New Guinea.
Pseudoscarus moresbyensis Macleay, |. c., New Guinea.

1077. Callyodon bataviensis (Bleeker). Tapoli; Laea mumu. Samoa; Guam; East Indies.
Scarus bataviensis Bleeker, Java, lV, 342, Batavia. Seale, Bishop Museum 1901], 96, Guam,
Pseudoscarus bataviensis Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., 48, tab. x11, fig. 3, Batavia.

Head 3 in length; depth 3.10; eve 6.75in head; dorsal 1x,10; anal 11,9; scales 2-24-6; two rows of
scales on cheeks, the lower of six scales; lower limit of preopercle bare; lips wide, covering two-thirds
or more of teeth; snout 2.50 in head; interobital 1.20 in head.

Body oblong, compressed, the anterior profile evenly pointed; depth of caudal peduncle 2.10 in
head; tubules of lateral line usually with but one or two very short branches; a strong posterior canine
above and below; four scales in front of dorsal; longest dorsal spine 3 in head, the longest ray 2.75
in head, base of anal 1.25 in head; 2 in base of dorsal; pectoral 1.20 in head: ventral 1.75 in head;
caudal deeply lunate, length of exposed outer ray 1.25 in head, exposed inner ray, 6 in head.

ko

Fig. 61.—Callyodon bataviensis (Bleeker) .

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, olive-green, with shades of rich light brown on side, becom-
ing purplish olive on head, purplish gray on forehead and clear blue-green behind, the shades changing
gradually; green stripes about eye; lips clear blue; a blue stripe across creamy red of lips; centers of
scales on caudal peduncle dusky; dorsal orange, with a bluish dull median shade; a bright blue stripe
at base and edge; caudal lunate, bright blue, especially on the margin, with shades of light grayish
orange-brown; anal orange-brown, the margin blue with a bright orange-red stripe; pectoral blue,
deeper above; axil blue; teeth white.

Color in spirits dull gray with wash of yellowish, the center of scales on posterior half of body
showing a slight tint of pale green, darker on top of head; a bright green line through lower part of
orbit along side of snout and around upper lip; also a green line on lower lip; chin yellowish, with a
green cross-band and a green triangular patch on lower part of head uniting with its fellow on opposite
side at middle of isthmus; a green line from isthmus through ventrals, along base of anal to caudal;
two indistinct greenish lines on each side of belly; a dusky blotch on upper part of orbit; dorsal with
a rather irregular broad yellowish margined center of green, the tip of fin with a broad line of deep
green, a more or less broken line at base; outer third of anal deep green, the inner two-thirds yellow-
ish, a narrow green line at base; pectoral greenish, slightly darker at axil; ventral with mid-portion
yellowish surrounded by a broad green margin; caudal with outer rays, posterior margin, and base
green, the inner portion of fin and two or three rays of each lobe yellowish white.

Of this species we have 5 specimens from Apia.

B24 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

1078. Callyodon gilberti (Jenkins). Hawaii; Laysan.
2Scarus bataviensis, Steindachner, Denk, Ak. Wiss. Wien, Lxx, 1900, 508, Honolulu, Laysan.
Scearus gilberti Jenkins, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., 1899 (1900), 59, fig. 17, Honolulu.

This scaroid is rather rare at Honolulu. It is close to C. bataviensis, but apparently distinct.

1079. Callyodon abacurus Jordan & Seale, new species. Fuga meamea. Samoa. (Pl. xxx.)

Head 2.85 in length; depth 2.90; eye 8.50 in head; snout 2.20; interorbital 3; dorsal 1x, 10; anal
ut, 9; scales 2-26-6, two rows on cheek, the lower preopercle limb bare.

Body oblong, compressed, the anterior profile bluntly rounded, the snout slightly gibbous;
two large posterior canines on upper jaw, none on lower; upper lip broad, covering two-thirds or
more of upper jaw; lower lip narrow, covering less than half of jaw; depth of caudal peduncle 2.45 in
head; longest ray of dorsal 3; base of anal 1.30, 2.10 in base of dorsal; pectoral 1.35 in head; ventral
2; caudal slightly lunate.

Color in life of a specimen from Apia, bright green, the tail bright blue, a golden shade before it;
belly creamy yellow; a dark shade behind pectoral; scales with broad brown bar which becomes an
orange spot on posterior parts; cheeks green; forehead purplish olive; lips orange, yellow-edged, with
a bright blue stripe across each, these meeting, running through the eye and sending a blue stripe to
angle of mouth; the blue stripe green behind with an orange stripe below it; opercle edged with orange,
preceded by a green stripe, a brown blotch above; dorsal bright blue with a continuous median stripe
of golden; caudal (slightly lunate) bright blue, with golden bronze stripe on each lobe and cross spots
and yvermiculations at base; ventral golden with bright blue anterior edge; pectoral black, golden
washed, and edged in front with blue.

A larger example is rather golden than green, the dusky purplish area above pectoral more
marked, the dorsal and caudal with marks of purplish brown rather than orange; eye blue above a
green streak before it. In all specimens the blue caudal peduncle has a large golden spot on each
scale, giving a checkered appearance.

A specimen from Pago Pago was colored as follows: Upper and under lips, bars on under side of
head, ventrals except a pinkish salmon median blotch, margin of dorsal an] anal, and median longitu-
dinal ventral line, all light blue; darker blue suborbital line from upper lip; postorbital blotches dark
green next eye, lighter green farther back; top of head smoky olive green, farther back lighter green;
body anteriorly yellowish-reddish-greenish with pinkish yellow coloration on sides of head and
almost yellow on underside of head and bordering median ventral blue line; body posteriorly bluish-
green with pinkish-yellowish-brown markings or checkers, one on each scale; portions of dorsal, anal,
and caudal which are not blue, yellowish salmon.

Color in spirits, dull yellowish; caudal peduncle green with three longitudinal rows of round yel-
low spots; a broad dusky band occupying all the nuchal region to base of third dorsal spine, this band
extending obliquely down and back on the side to a line with base of anal fin and lower margin of
pectoral; margin of lips yellow; top of head and snout purplish; a green line with dark margins at
upper margin of orbit, another short one at posterior margin of orbit, and a third from opercle along
lower part of orbit down side of snout around upper lip, a branch descending to axil, and another
branch around lower jaw posterior to yellow margin; dorsal fin yellowish white, the margin and base
each with a hand of green; anal colored similar to dorsal except the distal blue band is broader; pec-
toral dark purplish; ventral yellowish with a slight trace of bluish margins; caudal green with some
scattered round yellowish spots, the middle portion of fin lighter; iris golden: teeth green.

‘We have 13 specimens of this beautiful species from the coral reef at Apia and 2 ftom Pago
Pago. The type is no. 51754, U. S. National Museum, 12.75 inches long, from Pago Pago.

1080. Callyodon lauia Jordan & Eyermann. Hawaii.
This may be the same as Callyodon formosus.
1081. Callyodon formosus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii.
Scarus formosus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIv, 283, 1839, Sandwich Is.

The description of Callyodon formosus seems to apply fairly well to Callyodon lauia. Callyodon
jenkinsi is also closely related.

1082. Callyodon dimidiatus (Bleeker). Papua; Shortland I. (Seale).

Scarus dimidiatus Bleeker, New Guinea, 17, Papua.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 825

1083. Callyodon zonatus (Macleay). New Guinea.
Pseudoscarus zonatus Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1883, 591.

1084. Callyodon spilonotus (Kner). Samoa; Fiji. (Pl. xiyin, fig. 1.)
Pseudoscarus spilonotus Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LVIIT, 60, taf. 1x, fig. 26, 1868, Kandavu (Fiji).

Head 3.12 in length; depth 2.85; eye 7 in head; snout 2.50; interorbital 2.75; dorsal 1x,10; anal 111,
9; scales 2-24-6; three rows on cheek, the lower row of four scales on lower limb of preopercle.

Body oblong, compressed, the anterior profile bluntly rounded; depth of caudal peduncle 2 in
head; a distinct upper and lower posterior canine; lips rather wide, covering more than half of upper
jaw, and all but tip of lower jaw; five rows of scales in front of dorsal; base of dorsal 1.90 in length
of fish without caudal, its longest ray 2.50 in head; base of anal 1.14, 1.95 in base of dorsal, its longest
ray 2.75 in head; pectoral 1.20; ventral 1.75; caudal lunate.

Color in life of a specimen from Apia, deep blue, violet-brown-shaded on the back anteriorly,
clear blue on the throat; creamy drab on the breast; anterior part of back down to pectoral closely
spotted with bright blue-green; three blue stripes on side of belly and a median stripe; dorsal orange-
brown, blue on edge, brighter behind, greenish blue at base; a row of round blue-green median spots;
anal dull crimson, blue-green at base, blue on edge; caudal bright yellowish green, blue on angle, a
purple red stripe on each lobe; ventral creamy, edged with blue; pectoral green with a violet-drab
cross-bar at base and a violet-drab lengthwise stripe; throat bright blue; cheeks bright green; forehead
bright violet-gray with a green cross-band and green stripes and spots behind eyes.

Another specimen from the same locality was deep greenish blue, tinged with reddish brown
above, reddish below, each scale being brown at base; three blue-green stripes on side of belly; throat
clear blue; snout and cheeks green blue; a brown band across eye, crossed by a green curved line;
dorsal blue at base, the edge orange, with a row of green spots mesially; soft dorsal with more orange,
the spots larger; caudal clear, green, with blue-green edges and a stripe of orange in each lobe; anal
like dorsal, the red median stripe deeper orange-brown, the green spots smaller, the blue margin
broader; pectoral blue-green, with long median orange-brown band; yentral blue-green, mesially
orange-yellow.

A third specimen from Apia was deep bright orange-brown, more orange behind, the sides below
becoming more pink, the belly orange yellow; the cheeks light vitriol-green, the lower jaw and throat
clear livid blue, the upper jaw blue; two blue lines before eye, narrow, clear, and undulated; three
behind eye, separated by orange-brown; head above dark brown, faintly spotted with dark blue;
seales of anterior half of body above each with many small round blue spots, these coalescing in yer-
miculations behind eye; edge of opercle brown; posteriorly each scale centrally greenish blue, the
brown forming broad edgings; caudal peduncle posteriorly bright green; sides of belly with one median
(ventral line) and three other stripes, formed of a large blue spot on each scale, the hue of the ventral
stripe sky-blue, the others progressively greener and more continuous; dorsal bright orange-brown,
with a broad sky-blue margin, the basal scales bluish and green, the soft part with a median row of
green spots; an irregular blackish blotch under third spine; caudal clear grass-green, edged above and
below with bluish; an orange stripe along the next to lowest ray; a small orange spot at its base; anal
dark orange, a broad sky-blue margin; bluish-green spots at base; ventral sky-blue in front, the rest
orange-yellow; pectoral dusky in axil, an orange-brown band across base, the fin clear green, bluish
above, with an orange-brown lengthwise stripe; some yellow edges to scales of lower part of head.

A specimen from Pago Pago was blue-green with yellowish-salmon scale spots; caudal grass-green
with blue edging; on top of head orange-salmon markings; same color on dorsal and anal where not
blue green; belly yellow white with robin’s-egg-blue blotches; color in spirits, grayish with slight
tints of green; upper half of body a shade darker and with scales of anterior half dotted with small
round gray spots—three or four on each scale; three or four longitudinal green lines on sides of belly;
tips of lips yellowish; about four greenish bands radiate from or pass through the eye, the lower one
extending from opercles through lower part of eye around snout, joining its fellow of opposite side and
dividing very distinctly the upper dark color of head from the lower lighter half. There is one addi-
tional green line around snout above this, and a short cross-line on anterior interorbital, a single green
line around lower jaw; upper base of pectoral black; dorsal fin with a deep blue-green band at base,
middle, and tip of fin, the fin otherwise yellowish; middle band more or less broken up into blotches;
anal with bluish-green band at base and tip, the fin otherwise pale green; pectoral grayish green, blotched

326 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

with darker above, dusky at base; ventral yellowish, the first rays pale green; caudal with upper and
lower margins pale green, middle portion yellowish, iris golden, teeth white.
Six specimens from Apia. Description from a specimen 10 inches long.

1085. Callyodon pulchellus (Riippell). New Hanover I.; East Indies.
Scarus pulchellus Riippell, Neue Wirbelthiere, 25, taf. 8, fig. 3, 1885, Red Sea.
Pseudoscarus pulchellus Bleeker, Atlas, 1, Scar., 34, tab. x, fig. 3, Java, Celebes. Giinther, Cat., rv, 219, 1862, Mauri-
tius, China. Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 843, New Hanover.
1086. Callyodon blochi (Cuvier & Valenciennes). New Guinea (Macleay); New Hanover (Peters);
East Indies.

Scarus viridis Bloch, Aus]. Fische, taf. 222, 1790; not of Bonnaterre 1788.
Scarus blocht Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Iv, 219, 1839, Java.
Pseudoscarus viridis, Bleeker, Atlas, 1, Scar., 45,tab. xvi, fig. 2, East Indies. Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 843, New Hanover.
Scarus chrysopomus Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen., Xx1I; Labr. Cyel., 53, East Indies.
Pseudoscarus chrysopoma, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 221, 1862, East Indies.
We follow Peters in the arrangement of the synonymy of this species and the next, noting that

the name viridis is preoccupied in Callyodon.

1087. Callyodon frenatus (Lacépéde). New Hanover; Louisiades; East Indies.

Scarus frenatus Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Iv, 13, pl. 1, fig. 2, 1802, no locality.
Pseudoscarus frenatus, Bleeker, Atlas, 1, Scar., 40, tab. xvi, fig. 2, Celebes. Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 844, New Hanover:
Pseudoscarus viridis, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 220, Louisiades; not Scarus viridis Bloch, nor of Bonnaterre.

1088. Callyodon globiceps (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Tahiti.
Scarus globiceps Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xIv, 242, Tahiti. Jenyns, Voy. Beagle, Fishes, 106, Tahiti
Giinther, Cat., Iv, 224, Tahiti.
1089. Callyodon spinus (Kner). Fiji.

Pseudoscarus spinus Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1868, 62, taf. 1x, fig. 27, Kandavu (Fiji).

1090. Callyodon pronus (Fowler). Thornton I.
Scarus pronus Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1899, 490, Thornton I.

1091. Callyodon jenkinsi (Jordan & Evermann). Hawaii.
Scarus jenkinsi Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. 8, Fish Comm., x x11, 1902 (1903), 195, Honolulu.

1092. Callyodon fumifrons Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa. (Pl. xxxiv.)

Head 2.95 in length; depth 2.75; eye 8.50 in head; snout 2.01 in head; interorbital 2.75; dorsal
1x, 10; anal 11, 9; scales 2-24-6, 3 rows on cheek, lower row of two large scales on lower limb of
preopercle.

Body oblong, compressed; anterior of head bluntly rounded; upper jaw rather prominent; depth
of caudal peduncle 2.12 in head; no posterior canines; lips very wide and thick, fully covering the
lower teeth, and covering all but small tip of upper teeth; six scales in front of dorsal fin; base of
dorsal fin 1.90 in length without caudal, its longest ray 2.75 in head; base of anal 1.25, 2 in base of
dorsal, its longest ray 3 in head; pectoral 1.15 in head; ventral 1.95; caudal slightly lunate, length of
exposed middle ray 2.20.

Life colors: Forehead, chin, and throat bright sky-blue; crown behind forehead with broad trans-
verse bar of smoky lavender; angulated green-blue band from blue chin to eye and postero-ventrally
to gill opening; behind eye color of crown with greenish brown suffusion; below suborbital band
greenish brown; anterior half of dorsum and upper sides robin’s-egg blue; dorsal with two pinkish-
brown longitudinal lines with the included space bluish green; pectoral color of suborbital band with
pinkish purple broad central space; ventral robin’s-egg blue with sky-blue anterior margin; hinder
half of body more dark greenish than front part and scales broadly edged basally with brownish,
growing pink brown posteriorly; caudal blue green with pink-brown markings at base; anal color of
caudal with dark pink band along base; teeth white.

A young example had the following colors in life: Teeth white; lower lip sky blue; upper lip sky
blue with narrow salmon margin; an angulated blue-green broad line from angle of mouth to eye and
to gill opening; forehead smoky blue; below this band greenish brown with pink edging; above it a
broad olive-brown band, then bright green; top of head violet-brown; pectoral bright blue, with dark
purple median blotch; body blue green with pinkish-brown scale markings so arranged as to make on

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 327

posterior two-fifths of body green pentagons, with broad pinkish-brown borders; ventral sky-blue; anal
green blue, with pink-salmon basal lines; caudal green blue with four complete and several short lon-
gitudinal bars of pinkish brown; dorsal blue, margin with two pink-salmon lines and included space,
then blue green.

Color in spirits: Anterior half of body to a line with sixth dorsal spine is pale pea-green; posterior
to this line the color is darker, with a tint of bluish; a wide bright green line with narrow blue
margins extends from posterior margin of opercle forward under eye, curving down under chin, the
upper margin touching eye and the axis of mouth, this band lost on the pale green general color of
the chin; anterior third of snout bright green, separated from darker color of upper part by a narrow
navy-blue line; a more or less distinct dusky band from eye to posterior margin of opercle above the
bright green line; a narrow margin of yellowish on upper lip; dorsal with a margin of ‘bluish and a
lighter submarginal line of grayish, the general color of fin green, with some purplish on posterior
portion; outer two-thirds of anal pale green; inner third bluish-green crossed by two narrow lines of
blue; pectoral greenish with purplish wash through center; ventral uniform pale green; caudal rather
dark uniform green; iris golden; teeth white.

Four specimens from Pago Pago. The type is no. 51745, U.S. National Museum, length 13 inches.

1098. Callyodon kelloggii Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3 in length; depth 2.75; eye 7.25 in head; snout 2.25; interorbital 2.75; dorsal 1x, 10; anal
ut, 9; scales 2-24-6; 3 rows on cheek, the lower row of one large scale covering anterior half of pre-
opercular limb, and a minute scale anteriorly; lips broad, covering two-thirds or more of teeth.

Fic. 62.—Callyodon kelloggti Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

Body oblong, compressed; anterior profile bluntly rounded, the forehead being somewhat gibbous;
depth of caudal peduncle 2 in head; teeth with posterior canine above and below; three rows of scales
in front of dorsal, longest dorsal ray 2.50 in head, base of anal 1.30 in head, 2 in base of dorsal, the
longest ray 2.75 in head; pectoral 1.10 in head; ventral 1.55 in head; caudal deeply lunate; exposed
outer ray 1.25 in head, middle ray 3.25 in head. Color blue in life, with markings described below.

Color in spirits, dull olive-brown, top of head and an irregular line around chin livid green, a line
of green on lower lip; a round green spot at end of lower limb of preopercle; a round green spot on
isthmus with a green line just posterior to spot; a large yellowish area covering most of opercle and
posterior part of cheek; a green line on lower half of orbit; three or four round green spots in front
of anal; iris golden; teeth white; lower two-thirds of dorsal and a broad marginal line green, a rather
wide submarginal line of yellowish white; the outer and the inner third of anal green, the middle
third whitish, the white color taking its origin at base of third spine; pectoral unmarked, greenish;
ventral broadly margined with green, the mid-portion being yellowish; caudal with upper and lower
margins bright green with an intramarginal line of whitish which is bordered by very dark green;
middle portion of caudal whitish with a wash of very pale green, no posterior marginal line or
marking.

328 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

One specimen from Apia, type no. 51746, U. 8. National Museum, length 11.50 inches. Named
for Vernon Lyman Kellogg.

1094. Callyodon tricolor (Bleeker). Shortland I. (Seale); East Indies.
Scarus tricolor Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen., Xx1I, Labr. Cycl., 59, East Indies.

1095. Callyodon dussumieri (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Faté (Seale); East Indies.
Scarus dussumieri Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X1v, 252, 1889, Seychelles.
Pseudoscarus dussumieri, Bleeker, Atlas, 1, Scaridee, 46, tab. vilII, fig. 1, Java.
1096. Callyodon pyrrhostethus (Richardson). Faté and Rarotonga (Seale); East Indies.

Scarus psittacus Forskal, Deser. Anim., 29, 1775, Red Sea, not Scarus psittacus L.
Scarus pyrrhostethus Richardson, Ich. Chin., 262, 1838, Canton.
Pseudoscarus pyrrhostethus, Gunther, Cat., Iv, 223.

1097. Callyodon pepo (Bennett). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

Pseudoscarus cantori Bleeker.

1098. Callyodon fasciatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Faté (Seale); East Indies.

Scarus fasciatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., 222, 1839, Moluccas.

Scarus rivulatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., 228, 1889, Java; name preoccupied.
Scarus rivulatoides Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen., xx, Labr. Cycl., 55, East Indies.
Scarus micrognathus Bleeker, op. cit., 56, East Indies.

Pseudoscarus rivulatus, Gunther, Cat., Iv, 222, East Indies.

1099. Callyodon festivus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Polynesia.
Scarus festivus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIv, 282, 1839, no locality.

1100. Callyodon frontalis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Oualan.
Scarus frontalis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X1v, 280, 1839, Oualan (Caroline Is.).

1101. Callyodon forsteri (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Tahiti.
Scarus forsteri Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIv, 275, Tahiti.

1102. Callyodon prasiognathus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Amasapupema. Samoa; New Ireland.
(Pl. xivut, fig. 2.)

Scarus prasiognathus Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., 272, 1839, New Ireland.

We have 5 specimens of this fish from Pago Pago. It seems not to have been collected since
the time of Quoy and Gaimard. :

Head 3 in length; depth 2.85; eye 5.95 in head; snout 2.75; interorbital 3; dorsal 1x, 10; anal 111,
9; scales 2-24-6, three rows on cheek, the lower row of two scales on lower limit of preopercle.

Body oblong, compressed; anterior profile: rather sharp-pointed; depth of caudal peduncle 2.1
in head; no posterior canines; lips broad, covering more than two-thirds of jaws; 6 scales in front of
dorsal fin; longest ray of dorsal 2.55 in head; base of anal 1.25, 2.10 in base of dorsal, its longest ray
3 in head; pectoral 1.30; ventral 1.80; caudal 1.40, the middle portion rounded, the rays very slightly
produced.

Color in life, uniform very dark coppery brown; fins of same shade, much mottled; teeth deep
blue.

Color in spirits, brown, a tint of bluish or violet on head; dorsal dark bluish with some blotches
of gray on soft dorsal; pectoral purplish; ventral grayish, darker at tip; anal grayish, irregularly
blotched with purplish; caudal purplish, darker at tip; margin of upper lip grayish; teeth green;
iris golden.

The specimen described above is 7.50 inches long.

1103. Callyodon maoricus Jordan & Seale, new species. Moalefuga. (Pl. xvi, fig. 3.)

Head 3 in length; depth 2.95; eye 5.95 in head; snout 2.20; interorbital 2.95; dorsal 1x, 10; anal
ul, 9; scales 2-24-6, three rows on cheek; lower row of 3 scales which almost cover the lower limb of
preopercle.

Body oblong, compressed; anterior profile evenly rounded, the tip of head rather bluntly pointed;
depth of caudal peduncle 2.30 in head; a single small posterior canine on upper jaw; upper lip wide,
almost covering upper teeth, lower lip less wide, covering about two-thirds of lower teeth; base of
dorsal fin 1.85 in length without caudal, its longest ray 2.95 in head; base of anal 1.30 in head, its

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 3829

longest ray 2.85 in head; caudal almost square, 1.75 in head; some specimens haye outer rays
prolonged; pectoral 1.14 in head; ventral 1.80 in head.

Life colors of one specimen, brilliant dark copper-red; lips and belly brighter; a bright blue-green
stripe across upper jaw; two across lower, with 3 irregular green spots behind; dark green marks radi-
ate from eye; a bright oblong spot of pale green above opercle; teeth deep blue; dorsal dark orange,
dark shaded below and a broad edge of deep blue; caudal dark coppery, edged all around with bright
blue, the stripe largest below; anal coppery red, with a very broad edge of deep blue; yentral coppery
red, edged with blue; pectoral deep coppery red.

A large adult specimen was deeper in color and bluer than the type, but similar in all essentials:
Teeth bluish; body deep reddish brown; upper lip brilliant green-blue with narrow pinkish margin;
upper head smoky greenish brown, green-blue circumorbital ring, narrow; sides of head below eye
paler, then irregular greenish longitudinal band; under head robin’s-egg blue in front, paler behind
with saffron-yellow, faint, ring-like blotches with small robin’s-egg blue spot within; sides blue-green
with broad pinkish brown basal edging on scales; dorsal with blue margin, saffron-pink median space
with dark greenish blotches in series, weak to wanting anteriorly; ventral pale blue with bright blue

. anterior margin; pectoral smoky bluish, smokiest just before tips of rays; caudal green blue, bluer
along dorsal and ventral margins, with uneven bluish pink at base and smoky clouds in web; anal like
dorsal with the green blotches coalescent.

Color in spirits, dark brown, almost black; some specimens purplish, with a yellowish wash on
belly, thorax, and under part of head, some specimens not lighter below; top of head green, tip of
snout yellow; margin of lips yellow; a deep green line around upper third of upper lip; two green
lines around lower lip, one near tip of lip, the other, which is margined with yellow, from lower part
of orbit around base of lip, more or less united with green line running back on isthmus; a greenish
black just in front of lower limb of preopercle, and a line of green dots along lower margin of lower
limb of opercle; dorsal fin greenish; a wide, deep bluish green margin, with a sub-marginal area of
yellowish; anal similar in color to dorsal; pectoral brownish with tint of blue; ventral yellowish
with green margin, purple in some specimens; caudal bluish green, margin of deep bluish green; iris
golden; teeth green; jaws well covered, deep blue; 3 rows of scales on cheek; a posterior canine.
Caudal somewhat lunate.

Three specimens of this beautiful and strikingly marked species were secured at Pago Pago. It
is called by the fishermen Maolifuga (Maori parrot-fish) because the green markings on the face sug-
gest closely the paint on the face of a Maori chieftain. The species is near Callyodon prasiognathus,
differing in the green marks on the head, and the deep blue edgings to the fins.

Type, no. 51747, U. S. National Museum, from Pago Pago, 10.25 inches long.

1104. Callyodon nuchipunctatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Fiji (Gtinther); New Guinea( Macleay).

1105. Callyodon latax Jordan & Seale, new species. Laea pulepule; Laeamumu. Samoa. (Pl. xvrx.)

Head 3.10 in length; depth 2.75; eye 7.50 in head; dorsal 1x, 10; anal, 11, 10: snout 2.10 in head;
scales 2-24-6; two rows of scales on cheeks; lower limb of preopercle bare.

Body oblong, compressed, the anterior profile evenly rounded; caudal peduncle strong, its depth
2.10 in the head; tubules of lateral line with several branches; a single small canine tooth on upper
jaw at angle; lips thin, covering the basil third of the teeth; four rows of scales in front of the dorsal
fin; longest dorsal spine 2.10, the longest ray of about equal length; base of anal 1.75 in head, 2.75 in
base of dorsal, its longest ray 2.50 in head; pectoral 1.30 in head; ventral 1.50 in head; caudal lunate,
the exposed outer ray 1.50 in head, exposed middle ray 3.50 in head.

Life colors, all clear deep blue, some scales on sides with brownish edges; jaws blue; lips blue;
angles of mouth brownish red; head with slaty red markings about eyes and a band between them;
dorsal slaty with blue base and edging and some spots; caudal blue with slaty blue markings; anal
with slaty edgings and spots; ventral blue with olive center; pectoral blue with blackish slaty center.

Color in spirits uniform dull bluish green on body, a shade lighter below; the top of head and
about eye is splashed with blotches, lines or dots of dull gray, irregular in form, and yarying in
different specimens. The short lines may either radiate from eye, or reticulate over head, or extend
down the side of snout; either a line or row of dots at angle of jaws usually extending around under
jaw; either a line or row of dots over the snout just in front of nostrils; no light colored line on upper
jaw; teeth green; dorsal green, with oblique lines and margin of blue; anal similar in color to dorsal;

B. B. F. 1905—22

330 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

pectoral bluish without markings; ventral pale bluish green; caudal green with four or five irregular
blue lines; iris golden.

Three large specimens of this fish were obtained at Apia. A specimen was taken at Rarotonga by
Mr. Seale. It is a handsome and showy species.

The type is no. 51755, U. S. National Museum, and is 15 inches long, from Apia.

1106. Callyodon celebicus (Bleeker). Guam; East Indies.

Scarus celebicus Bleeker, Celebes, v, 2538, Celebes. Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 95, Guam.

Pseudoscarus celebicus Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., I, 26, tab. Xv, fig. 2, Celebes. Gunther, Cat. rv, 237, Sea of China.
1107. Callyodon cyanogrammus Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 2.75 in length; depth 2.75; eye 7.95 in head; snout 2.15 in head; interorbital 2.95; dorsal
1x, 10; anal ur, 9; scales 2-24-6, two rows on cheek; lower limb of preopercle bare.

Body oblong, compressed, the upper profile from origin of dorsal to middle of snout almost
straight; from this point to base of lower jaw the profile is bluntly rounded; a single small posterior
canine on upper jaw; upper lip broad, covering two-thirds or more of upper teeth, lower jaw narrow,
covering less than half of lower teeth; depth of caudal peduncle 2.50 in head; three scales in front
of dorsal fin; longest ray of dorsal about 3 in head; base of anal 1.50; 2.20 in base of soft dorsal,

Fic. 63.—Callyodon cyanogrammus Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.
y YUnNOF

its longest ray about 3 in head; pectoral 1.35; ventral 2, its origin slightly posterior of a line with
pectoral and dorsal; caudal very slightly emarginate, longest exposed ray 2 in head; exposed middle
ray 3.50.

Color in life, green, brownish green on back, washed with golden behind middle of pectoral, the
region midway between middle of anal and dorsal being distinctly bright yellow; scales above brown
edged, those below edged with pinkish; head dark brownish above, the sides mostly bright greenish
blue; belly light clear blue, as is caudal peduncle; cheeks golden washed; three green stripes, with
purplish drab behind eye; lips blue, green behind and whitish in front; side of belly with four bright-
blue stripes, one median, the interspaces of bright pinkish brown, which might be described as three
pale brownish red stripes through the blue; dorsal deep gray-blue in the distal half, the rays brown-
ish; the proximal half light greenish white, with a median green shade most distinct behind; caudal
clear blue with some brassy shades; anal clear green, bright blue at edge, with a stripe made of green-
ish white spots at base; ventral blue green, deeper and bluer on edge; pectoral greenish blue, its upper
distal third a diffuse blackish blotch, the breast at its base deep blue; teeth and jaws blue.

Color in spirits, back light brown, sides dull yellowish green; lower part of belly through sides
and caudal peduncle pale green; three rather distinct greenish longitudinal lines on sides of belly; top
of head, including nuchal region and snout, purplish; margin of lips yellowish; iris golden; teeth
green; a green line with darker margins extending around lips posterior to yellow margins, these lines
uniting at angle and extending back through lower part of orbit across the cheek to posterior

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 331
margin of opercle; a short, indistinct green line through upper part of orbit extending back to upper
margin of opercle; upper third of dorsal green, the color broadening and extending to base of fin
anteriorly; lower two-thirds of fin yellowish with a more or less distinct greenish central area which
broadens posteriorly and anteriorly is represented by dusky blotches on webs; anal livid green, a
narrow yellow line at base which extends out to tip of seventh anal ray; pectoral greenish, the tip
purplish; ventral uniform pale green; caudal uniform dark green.

This species is represented by one specimen from Apia, the type, no. 51756, U. 8. National
Museum, length 10.50 inches.

1108. Callyodon cypho Seale. Guam.
Scarus cypho Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 95, Guam.

Head 3 in length; depth 3.20; interorbital 3.50; dorsal 1x, 10; anal 11, 9; pectoral 14; scales
2-24-6, lateral line interrupted, the tubes branched; two rows of scales on cheek, with five scales in
lower row, preopercular limb bare; pharyngeal teeth payement-like, about twice as long as wide, the
anterior ones the longest; teeth quite projecting, their length equal to orbit, two posterior canines at
angle of upper jaw.

Body oblong, compressed, the upper profile of back quite conyex; snout much produced; lips
narrow, scarcely covering one-half of jaws; caudal lunate; pectoral 1.33 in head, its base 5, their
shortest ray 4; ventral 1.50; base of anal 1.50, 2.83 in base of dorsal; 4 scales in front of dorsal, and
4 behind, its base convex, its posterior rays longest, 3 in head.

Color in spirits a uniform light green, a darker blotch extending over top of head and upper part
of opercles; teeth greenish at base with white margin; lips a brighter green with a wash of yellowish,
a narrow black line near their margins; fins greenish, dorsal with narrow intramarginal line of black,
anal with a broad edge of brighter green, a narrow black line through its outer third, inner two-thirds
white with wash of green; ventrals white with slight greenish wash; caudal green, lighter in center,
with a dusky intramarginal line.

In spirits the coloring is similar to Callyodon bataviensis. The type, no. 160, Bishop Museum, is 9.5
inches long, from Guam.

1109. Callyodon troscheli (Bleeker). Laysan; East Indies.
Scarus troscheli Bleeker, Batavia, 408, Java.
Pseudoscarus troscheli Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., 1, 25, tab. vil, fig. 2, Java. Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, Lxx,
1900, 508, Laysan.
1110. Callyodon macleayi Jordan & Seale; new name. New Guinea.
Pseudoscarus frontalis Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1883, 590, not of Cuvier & Valenciennes.

1111. Callyodon gymnognathos (Bleeker). New Guinea (Macleay).

1112. Callyodon jordani (Jenkins). Galo; Laea galo. Hawaii; Samoa.
Pseudoscarus jordani Jenkins, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., x1x, 1889 (1900), 63, fig. 21, Honolulu.

We have 1 fine specimen of this large and brilliant parrot-fish, 20 inches long, from Apia. The
species is highly valued at Honolulu by the natives, who eat it raw. A color drawing of the specimen
from Apia is published in Jordan & Eyermann’s report on the fishes of Hawaii.

Head 2.85 to end of vertebrie; depth 3.75; eye 8.75 in head; snout 2.25 in head; interorbital 2.85;
dorsal 1x, 10; anal 111, 9; scales 2-24-6, 3 rows on cheek, the lower row of 3 scales on lower limb of
preopercle.

Body oblong, compressed, anterior profile bluntly pointed, the snout in front of eye being gib-
bous; depth of caudal peduncle 2.80 in head; a distinct upper posterior canine; lips rather narrow,
covering about one-half of upper jaw and one-third of lower, 6 rows of scales in front of dorsal; longest
ray of dorsal 3.90 in head; base of anal 1.75, 2.75 in base of dorsal, its longest ray 3 in head; pectoral
1.50; ventral 1.90; caudal deeply lunate, the upper and lower rays prolonged.

Color in life, green, bright, clear, on back and posteriorly; belly and head bright blue, the belly
pale; nape and shoulder region with a deep wash of purplish brown; cheek and opercle washed with
golden; lips very blue, each with a pale creamy red band; sky-blue clouds on throat; iris golden; a
pale drab streak before eye; dorsal with blue spines and rays, and adeep blue margin verging on black
anteriorly; the color of the spines and rays varying with that of the body, blue, then purplish, and
posteriorly green; orange ground-color of the membrane growing brighter behind and encroaching on

B32 ‘ BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

»

the green, so that the last rays are green at base and blue at margin; caudal purplish brown toward the
bluish base, then green, blue, and finally light orange on the edge; the lobes and upper and lower
margins deep blue; anal dull orange, blue-shaded at base, the distal half bright blue; ventral greenish
blue, the membranes mostly orange; pectoral greenish blue, the edge faintly orange.

Color in spirits, dull yellowish, shading into green anteriorly; a slight wash of purplish on head
and nuchal region; two green bands around lower lip, the anterior one forming the margin, the poste-
rior one uniting more or less with green coloring on isthmus; margin of upper lip yellow; an irregular
green line from orbit to angle of jaws, and two or three indistinct green lines on cheek; a dark blotch
back of eye, and on posterior lobe of opercle; posteriorly the scales of body have a slight wash of
greenish on margin; spinous dorsal greenish, with darker margin; solt dorsal yellow, except its lower
anterior third which is greenish; anal broadly margined with green, inner part of fin grayish, with
some greenish blotches; pectoral green, with yellowish posterior margin; ventral green, their mid-
portion yellowish; caudal green with some darker blotches, the margin yellowish; iris golden; teeth
green.

11138. Callyodon strongylocephalus (Bleeker). Tahiti (Seale); Java.

Scarus strongylocephalus Bleeker, Java, 11, 489, Java.
1114. Callyodon microrhinos (Bleeker). Fiji (Giinmther); New Guinea (Macleay).
1115. Callyodon ultramarinus Jordan & Seale, new species. Fuga galu-moana. Samoa.

” Head 2.80 in length; depth 2.75; eye 8 in head; snout 2.20; interorbital 3; dorsal 1x, 10; anal 111,
9; scales 2-24-6, three rows on cheek, the lower row of 7 unjoined scales on lower limb of preopercle.

Fre. 64.—Callyodon ullramarinus Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

Body oblong, compressed, anterior of head not evenly rounded because of the strongly gibbous
forehead; depth of caudal peduncle 2.25 in head; three rows of scales in front of dorsal; two small
blunt posterior canines in upper jaw, none in lower; lips narrow, not covering one-half of teeth in either |
jaw; base of dorsal fin 1.75 in length without caudal, its longest ray 2.40 in head; base of anal 1.50,
2.35 in base of dorsal, its rays longer than rays of dorsal, the longest ray 2.75 in head; pectoral 1.25;
ventral 1.90; caudal lunate, exposed outer ray 1.75, exposed inner ray, 2.95.

Life colors of one specimen were dark greenish blue, rather abruptly slaty blue below, the two
colors separated by a broad irregular blackish area which passes below the eye and around the snout;
head-pad yiolet-blue; lips and throat brillant blue green; a stripe of same back to base of pectoral,
then upward along opercular edge; caudal peduncle clear blue green, dorsal dull olive, with a bright
blue margin; caudal violet with blue spots on margin and posterior edge; anal light blue violaceous,
edged with deep blue; ventral bluish, edged with bright blue; breast light blue; pectoral light blue
with a median violet band, iris orange; no red or orange or yellow.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 333

Another specimen, from Apia, was clear bluish green, of the same shade everywhere above the
pectoral; each scale with a brown base and edge; lower parts of a clear crockery blue, less shaded
with brown; head olive-green above, clear bright brown on the sides, golden olive on throat; lower
lip orange, then a broad blue stripe, a narrow orange and a narrower blue one separating from the
olive of throat; breast and median line of throat blue; upper lip blue with a narrow orange edge;
dorsal dull orange, its margin bright blue; a series of large green spots mesially; caudal bright blue,
an orange-brown streak in each lobe, brown shades at base; anal dull dark orange, its edge bright blue
with a broad greenish blue median stripe; pectoral blue, with a longitudinal stripe of brown; ventral
pale blue, with a bright blue edge; iris blue with a golden ring within.

A specimen from Pago Pago was brassy green, livid bluish below and more bluish on caudal
peduncle, head more smoky; each body scale with reddish brown edge; dark green streaks radiating
from eye; upper lip deep blue, margined with reddish; lower lip blue, with reddish edge and a yellow
cross-band from angle of mouth; an angular blue green band from angle of mouth to gill opening far
below eye; axil dusky; dorsal smoky orange, edged with blue, a median blackish stripe posteriorly;
caudal bright blue, darker on margin and edge; anal blue washed with orange, with blue margin and
a median stripe; pectoral blue, with blackish submarginal band; ventral robin’s-egg blue, with bluer
margin.

Another specimen from Pago Pago was very rich dark Nile green, with dark purplish brown
scale-edgings, behind eye dark green linear blotches, and farther back a single light gold-green oblong
blotch, edged with blackish; teeth blue; upper lip broadly scarlet, then green, then narrowly scarlet,
then merging into fuliginous; lower lip narrowly margined with scarlet, then bluish green, then smoky
lilac, then bluish green, then smoky lilac; ventrals lilac, with navy-blue anterior margin and sky-blue
posterior margins; pectoral dark lilac-purplish, with bluer margins; anal with bright sky-blue margin
and pinkish submarginal line merging into greenish; dorsal like anal; caudal with very light blue
margin and mixed greenish bluish and thin yellowish green in middle; dorsal and yentral margins
sky-blue, with pinkish salmon inside.

Color in spirits dull green with a wash of bluish, darker above, somewhat purplish on top of head,
lighter below, shading into a pale green on under part of head, thorax, and belly; the very narrow
margin of lips yellowish, the upper lip with a single dark bluish green band above the yellow margin,
and with a narrow yellowish area above the blue line; a rather wide and very distinct bluish green
line extends around under the jaw from which two other lines also extend around under the jay, all the
bands uniting near angle of mouth and extending back across the cheeks to posterior margin of oper-
cles, on a line with upper base of pectorals; about 5 very short purplish lines radiate from eye; a
lighter blotch at base of caudal; dorsal fin margined with deep blue, the spinous portion of fin pale
green, the soft portion more or less blotched with purplish, the color assuming a rather wide band-like
form in middle of fin; anterior, posterior, and outer margins of anal fin deep blue, an incomplete blue
line at base, body of fin dull grayish, with wide blue band through center; pectorals greenish, the
upper margin deep blue, the posterior margin gray with intramarginal dusky area; ventral pale green
with first and second rays blue; caudal with upper and lower margins blue; the distal end of fin
broadly margined with purplish about two irregular purplish bands near base; iris golden; teeth green.

Of this fish we have 7 specimens, all large, from Apia and Pago Pago. One from Apia, a very
large example 23 feet long, has the fleshy pad on the forehead highly developed. A specimen similar
to this was taken by Mr. Seale at Mangarevya. The type is no. 51757, U.S. National Museum, 13 inches
long, from Pago Pago.

1116. Callyodon lazulinus Jordan & Seale, new species. Fugausi. Samoa.

Head 2.85 in length; depth 2.85; eye 7.50 in head; dorsal rx, 10; anal m1, 9; scales 2-24-6; three
rows of scales on cheeks, the lower row of four scales covering lower limb of preopercle.

Body oblong, compressed; anterior of head bluntly rounded; the snout slightly gibbous; depth
of caudal peduncle 2.20 in head; no posterior canines; lips rather wide, covering slightly more than
one-half of teeth; five scales in front of dorsal; base of dorsal 1.90 in length without caudal, its longest
ray 3 in head; base of anal 1.50 in head, 2.10 in base of dorsal; pectoral 1.20 in head; ventral 2 in
head; caudal deeply lunate, the upper and lower rays much prolonged, the upper slightly the longest,
1.10 in head.

334 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, deep blue-green, the head above and shoulders indigo; not
much brown shade on scales; upper lip, stripe below eye, and streaks about eye clear blue-green; a red
stripe on upper lip; lower with two of reddish brown, two of clear blue; breast and lower parts clear
blue; dorsal blue in front and on edge, green at base behind; a median band of deep reddish brown;
caudal deeply lunate, blue-green with a band of deep brown on each lobe; anal purplish blue at base,
then a clear blue line, then bluish green, blue at tip; ventral purplish blue behind, greenish blue in
front; pectoral clear green aboye, blue below, with a blue-brown dark stripe between; teeth blue.

A young example from Pago Pago had the iris white; above eye black-green; below eye green-
blue; sides green-blue with brown-maroon scale markings; pectoral with longitudinal median blackish
blotch and very bright anterior edge; ventral robin’s-egg blue on anterior margin, salmon tinge within;
anal bright green blue with pink-salmon basal band; dorsal green-blue with pink-salmon median band;
caudal green-blue with pink-salmon blotches; green black stripe through eye and snout forming patch
on opercle and one behind eye; teeth sky-blue; upper lip green-blue with maroon margin; lower lip
with broad salmon-maroon bar behind margin and pinkish irregular blotch farther back.

Color in spirits pea-green, top of head and shoulders back to sixth dorsal spine and to a line with
eye dark bluish green, with shading of purplish; this color separated very distinctly on line with eye
from the pea-green of lower half of head; a short pea-green line through upper part of eye; tip of

Fi, 65.—Callyodon lazulinus Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

snout and lips pea-green, with an indistinct but slightly darker greenish line around upper lip, and
two similar but broad lines on lower lip, the posterior one zigzaging down from eye to anterior margin
of isthmus; a bluish spot on isthmus; dorsal greenish with a darker submarginal line, lower part of
fin with an indistinct dusky line at base anteriorly and some dusky blotches posteriorly; outer two-
thirds of anal yellowish green, the inner third pea-green, this pea-green area margined by narrow line
of dusky; pectoral markings conspicuous, the upper four rays being olive-green, the middle portion
purplish, the margin gray; ventral uniform greenish; caudal with outer rays bright green, the
sublateral rays grayish, the middle of fin bright green; the distal margin is grayish; iris golden; teeth
very dark green, almost dusky.

Fifteen specimens from Apia and Pago Pago. The type is no. 51758, U. 8. National Museum, from
Apia, length 12.90 inches.

1117. Callyodon cyanognathus (Bleeker). Faté and Shortland I. (Seale); East Indies.

Scarus cyanognathus Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen., XXII, 62, Java.
Pseudoscarus cyanognathus, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 234, Java.

1118. Callyodon mertensii (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Ulea.

Scarus mertensii Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIv, 281, 1839, Ulea,

1119. Callyodon spilurus (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

Scarus spilurus Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., 279, 1839, Caroline Is.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 385

Family ANTIGONIID®.

ANTIGONIA Lowe.
1120. Antigonia steindachneri Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii; Japan.

1121. Antigonia eos Gilbert. Hawaii.

Family EPHIPPID2.

EPHIPPUS Cuvier.

Ephippus Cuvier, Régne Annual, ed. 1, 335, 1817 (argus).

Scatophagus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vir, 1386 (argus).

Cacodoxus Cantor, Malay. Fish., 163, 1850 (argus: substitute for Scatophagus on account of the
earlier genus Scatophaga).

1122. Ephippus argus (Gmelin). New Guinea (Macleay); New Britain (Peters, Berl. Mon.,
1876, 833).

1123. Ephippus multifasciatus (Richardson). New Guinea; East Indies.
Scatophagus multifasciatus Alleyne & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., 1888, 277, New Guinea,

DREPANE Cuvier & Valenciennes.

Drepane Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vir, 129, 1831 (punctata).

Harpochirus Cantor, Malay. Fish., 162, 1850 (punctata); substitute for Drepane, there being
genera of prior date, Drepana, Drepanis, Drepanus, and Drepania.

Cryptosmilia Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1867, 401 (luna).

1124. Drepane punctata (Gmelin). Samoa (Gtnther); New Ireland (Peters); East Indies.

PLATAX Cuvier.

1125. Platax orbicularis (Forskal). Pe’ape’a uli. Samoa; Tahiti; Papua; Fiji; New Ireland;

Shortland I. (Seale); East Indies.

Chxtodon orbicularis Forskil, Deser. Anim., 59, 1775, Red Sea.

Platac orbicularis, Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 140, Tahiti. Klunzinger, Fische Rothen Meeres, 118, Red Sea;
with good diagnosis of the two species.

Chextodon vespertilio Bloch, Ichth., 67, taf. 199, fig. 2, 1787, East Indies.

Plalax vespertilio, Bleeker, Atlas, Cheet., 74, tab. XVII, fig. 1, tab. xvu1I, figs. 2 and 3, Sumatra, New Guinea, and all
other East Indian islands. Peters, Berl. Mon., 1876,.886, New Ireland.

Chetodon pentacanthus Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., rv, 454,471, tab. 11, fig. 2,1803, Pacific Ocean.

Plataz albipunctatus Ruppell, Atlas, 69, taf. 18, fig.4, 1828, Red Sea. :

Platax ehrenbergi Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vit, 221,1831, Red Sea.

Plata guttulatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v1, 227, pl. 186, fig. 1, 1831, Ile de France.

This fish, widely distributed throughout the East Indies, is rather common about Samoa. We
have three specimens taken in the seine at Pago Pago and two from Apia.

The species is distinguished from the next by the fact that the middle cusp of each tooth is longer
than the others. The scales are considerably larger than in Platax teira, and the anterior profile is a
little less vertical. The color is similar in the two species, the cross-bands disappearing with age.

A specimen from Apia was olive-gray, with blackish on the fins; no bright colors. A young
example from Pago Pago was blackish in life, with a diffused blackish ocular band; breast soiled
yellowish; base of pectoral with a large black spot; caudal abruptly whitish; ventral black; dorsal vy, 37;
scales 63.

1126. Platax teira (Forskal). Palau Is; New Guinea; East Indies.

Chxtodon teiva Forskal, Deser. Anim., 60, 1775, Red Sea.
Platax teira, Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 141, 1876, Palau Is. Bleeker, Atlas, Chet., 73, tab. x vir, fig. 2, tab. xx, fig. 1;

Sumatra, New Guinea, Borneo, and all the Fast Indian islands. Klunzinger, Fische Roth. Meeres, 119. Red Sea.
Jordan & Fowler, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxv, 1903, 526, Formosa, Riukiu Is., Tokyo, Kagoshima, Bonin Is.,
_ Kezen.

Chxtodon arthriticus Bell, Philos. Trans. 793, 8, pl.6, Sumatra.

336 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERINS.

Platax gaimardi Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v11, 216, 1831, New Guinea.
Platax borsi Bleeker, Derde Bijdr. Celebes, 758, 1852, Celebes.
Platax xanthopus Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen., XXIII, 28, 1850, Sumatra.
This species, known by the smaller scales, is common in the East Indies and northward to south-
ern Japan. It is recorded by Giinther from the Palau Islands.

1127. Platax pinnatus Bleeker. New Guinea (Macleay).

Family CHATODONTID.

FORCIPIGER Jordan & McGregor. ~

Forcipiger Jordan & McGregor in Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47 U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898, 1671
(longirostris) .
This genus differs from Chelmon Cuvier in the long and high spinous dorsal, which is composed of
12 stout spines (9 in Chelmon). The snout, as in Chelmon, is very long and slender, bearing the short,
forcep-like jaws at the end. From Prognathodes, a genus still more closely related, Forcipiger differs
in the small scales, there being about 75 in a horizontal series.

1128. Forcipiger longirostris (Broussonet). Hawaii; Samoa; Tahiti; Paumotu Is.; Kingsmill I.;
Tonga; Raiatea (Seale); East Indies; Clarion Is. (as Forcipiger flavissimus Jordan & McGregor).

This curious and brightly colored fish ranges widely through the South Seas and eastward to the
off-shore islands of Mexico. It seems to be nowhere common, and but one specimen was found by us
at Pago Pago. A few specimens were taken also at Honolulu.

Color in life bright yellow, from a line connecting front of dorsal with axil of pectoral and a
point behind ventrals; scales of side shaded with orange; top of snout to nape and opercular region
jet black; lower parts of head and breast abruptly black; dorsal, anal, ventral, and pectoral yellow; a
large black spot on last rays of anal; caudal grayish.

A specimen from Pago Pago was in life brilliant yellow, deeper and orange-shaded behind, a black
triangle on head, livid white below; ventral and pectoral yellow; caudal colorless; a large jet black

spot on anal.
MEGAPROTODON Guichenot.

Megaprotodon Guichenot, Rey. Zool., 1848, 12 (bifascialis).
Eteira Kaup, Arch. Nat., xxvr, 1860, 147 (triangularis).

This genus is characterized by the constant presence of four anal spines. It is close to the group
called Linophora in Chetodon, having the series of scales meeting at right angles. The body is oblong
and compressed, the soft dorsal and anal produced and concave on the margin. Outer teeth of lower
jaw a little longer than inner. The genus or subgenus Gonochxtodon is near Megaprotodon, but it has
the body almost as deep as long, as in Coradion.

1129. Megaprotodon trifascialis (Quoy & Gaimard). Mutw uli. Samoa; Guam; Tahiti; East

Indies. (Pl. 1, fig. 1.)

Chxtodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, 11, 379, pl. 62, fig. 5, 1824, Guam, Batu. Young with the caudal
pale instead of*black as in the adult.

Chextodon triangularis Ruppell, Atlas, 42, pl. 9, fig. 3, 1828, Red Sea.

Megaprotodon triangularis, Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 101, Guam.

Chextodon strigangulus Solander, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v11, 42, 1831, Tahiti. Giinther, Fische
der Stidsee, 35, pl. 26, fig. A, Polynesia.

Megaprotodon strigangulus, Bleeker, Atlas, Cheet., 54, tab. x11, fig. 4, Java, Batu, Celebes, Halmahera, Cerem
Banda, Amboina, Timor, Obi-major.

Chetodon bifascialis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v11, 48, 1831, Guam.

Chetodon leachi Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v1, 49, 1831, no locality.

This species, generally common throughout the East Indies, is abundant about the coral reefs of
Samoa. The young closely resemble the adult in form and general color, but differ in the markings
posteriorly. A broad dark band includes the soft dorsal and anal. This grows narrower with age, and
finally vanishes. In the young the caudal is yellow with a narrow dark cross-band. In the adult it
is black, with a narrow pale band near its tip. The nominal species trifascialis is the young of the
one called triangularis or strigangulus. The name trifascialis has priority.

Fifteen specimens from Apia and Pago Pago. One from Apia was in life gray, white below,
V-shaped stripes, bright grayish blue, the angle toward the head; ocular band broad, edged with white

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 337

and golden; snout and forehead gray, with orange marks about jaws; two oblong whitish clouds on
side just above level of eye, the one ending near end of pectoral, the other at base of soft dorsal;
dorsal orange, dusky behind on base of soft dorsal, edged with orange, black and white; caudal black,
edged above and below with orange-yellow; a golden yellow cross-band, a black, then a drab edge; anal
creamy orange, edged with black and white; ventral yellowish white; pectoral colorless, orange-yellow
at base.

Small specimens have the tail yellow, not black as in the adult; a broad black band involving soft
dorsal and anal and the space between.

GONOCHZETODON Bleeker.

Body very deep; dorsal and anal fins nearly vertical posteriorly. Sides with vertical streaks,
meeting at an angle along the axis, the angle pointing forward.

1130. Gonocheetodon triangulum Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
(Chetodon triangulum, baronessa, and karraf, Cuvier & Valenciennes.)

CHETODON (Artedi) Linneus. Tifitifi.

ANALYSIS OF POLYNESIAN SPECIES OF CHETODON.

a. LINOPHORA: Rows of scales of anterior part of body running upward and backward, each marked by a dark line, those
of posterior part of body running downward and backward almost at right angles with the first; snout
acute.

b. Dorsal fin with the first soft ray prolonged into a whip; a black ocellus below it; ocular band broad; ventral pale;
two black lines across caudal.

cerDorsalenninwathiaiblackocellusjpelowsthejprolongedirayaeesseesse- eee eee n ane ee see ae semana eee eee eee setifer
ccaeD orsalitingwthoutsblackgocellusimasemeaseescetsecinseh ris cice cence cecee sceemcettonctitecie secre nae cee eee eeee auriga
bb. Dorsal fin without produced ray; no black ocellus; ocular band broad, white-edged; a broad black band across base
of dorsal to middle of base of anal; two black bands on caudal; ventral pale ...............---...----+-- vagabundus

aa. Scales not arranged as above indicated, or at least not marked by lines meeting at an angle.
d. Seales large, arranged in rows which are very distinct, both upward and backward and downward and backward,
forming a checker-board appearance; scales on middle of body very large.
e. Ocular band very broad below; a black band on soft dorsal; a broad, black band on caudal; ventral pale; snout

SEHD) = ceceapsaocesaoobadonabot coUcHoSSoodEopanocosSuasenooLanacaapbacbodast#oncdooosuaseebbacnoSSendescoESSAr rafilest
ee. Ocular band not broader than eye; a short black nuchal bar; dorsal and anal narrowly edged with dark; caudal
Nath adarialine maven tralavell owansmscec scm eraciscec mecca metic her meee eee ee ee eee zanthurus

dd. Seales not arranged as above indicated.
J. Seales unequal, those on middle parts of body larger than the others, the series usually extending upward and
backward, at least posteriorly; teeth very small. .
g. CHETODONTOPS: Snout acute, concave in upper profile.
h. Ocular band mesially yellow, with dark edges.
i. Body with 7 oblique dark stripes running upward and backward; caudal with a black crossbar; ventral
TA Ro coachacos soos 50cedcoUoDSabobsobosasachonSCbb edad anos EBebo CUES SESOB SSE oHAS BESSEaedbeS deseue pelewensis
hh. Ocular band black.
j. Ocular band broad, as broad as eye. :
k. Body with two dark violaceous cross-bands coalescent above, with narrow vertical streaks between
them; caudal peduncle with a jet-black spot; a black line across caudal; ventral pale....ulietensis
kk. Body without black cross-bands.
!, Black area at base of soft dorsal broad, sending oblique streaks downward and forward across the
bodywmolblackiaresonshouldersiventralupalessseme ees =csseseaasta-seeeceeeenee sateen eee lineolatus
Ul. Black area at base of soft dorsal narrow, the oblique cross-streaks along rows of scales orange;
shoulder region black, with a median triangular orange area on each side; ventral pale.-lunula
jj. Ocular band taint or narrow, not so broad as eye.
m. Ocular band obscure; a black band from soft dorsal across to anal; caudal with a black bar;
VOSITOU GES pSaneooconcoscuooon asa ronneacheococcuSnboclonacoacs EBobouGnEeEbeoasGAtcens Sflavirostris
mm, Ocular band distinct, narrower than eye.
n. Body with numerous V-shaped cross-bands, the angle toward the head; a broad yellow band
ACrOSsisOltidorsalitojanalsey entra lid ankeyes asee sebastian nee een ee eee eee eer see ae mertensi
nn. Body with about six dark, curved cross-bands, each scale posteriorly with a black spot; back
With a dark shade; fins mostly yellow. dixoni
nnn. Back blackish; side with oblique dusky lines; a black spot at base of anal spines; a black
spot on breast, and two on base of caudal peduncle; a pale blotch on side of back; ventral
pale wentire:contournombodyayelloweresseerssecmer eee eee eeee pee een ene melannotus
gg. Snout obtuse, the profile not concave; ocular band very broad, extending from the nape to the yentral, edged
on both sides with yellow; snout black; body dusky, dove-colored above, each scale with a yellowish
spot; anal and band across caudal peduncle black; tips of last rays of anal fiery red; two black lines
EXATOECI CENCE los mit oe Sine 5g NRC OO CHOU O EE EES NES AE IOEA So JCMS SODE HES DOSEREASEbedcooleeesmercee reticulatus

338 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

ff. LepipocH £Topon: Scales unequal, those of the middle part of the body above largest; teeth much larger than
in related species; rows of scales nearly horizontal; snout moderate; the profile projecting above eye.

o. Side. of back with a large black ocellus, often produced downward in a wedge-shaped blotch;
ocular band broad, meeting its fellow on breast; a black band on margin of dorsal and
anal across caudal peduncle; ventral pale; caudal plain ...........-..-------.- unimaculatus

oo. Side of body with a black cross-blotch from last dorsal spines to above anal spines; ocular

band broad below; yentral black; caudal plain; teeth undescribed -. trichrous

ooo. Side of body from front of anal backward entirely blackish; a black bar from front of

dorsal to ventral, which is black; ocular band broad.......--..---------------------- kleint
Jif. RaABDOPHORUs: Scales subequal, the series extending horizontally or slightly extending posteriorly; teeth
small; snout obtuse or moderately acute.
p. Soft dorsal with its first ray produced and whip-like; snout acute.
q. Back with a large black saddle-shaped area covering most of the dorsal and edged with
white below; ocular band very narrow and faint; ventral pale; caudal plain. -ephippium
qq. Body bright orange, with blue spots along the rows of scales; ocular band broad, dis- »

tinct; base of dorsal and anal black; ventral pale; caudal plain.........-...-..semeion .
pp. Soft dorsal without elongate or whip-like ray; snout obtuse or slightly acute, not convex
above.

r. Body with about six transverse cross-bands; ocular band narrow, faint, a black spot
above it; a reddish band on caudal peduncle; caudal with a black bar; ventral
TENG Saba eeqoodadoooeHn bpoabu doodosauonD opsountousscoSEcoDRome soosescos punctatofasciatus

rr. Body without dark cross-bands.

s. Body with about 10 narrow dark cross-streaks, each a row of small spots; ocular pandl
narrow; a black bar across caudal peduncle; anal with a narrow dark edge; ventral
pale Dassquncsenasaudoso0000 miliaris

ss. Body with many oblique dark cross-streaks, each a series ice Sats along the row of

scales, those above ascending, those below horizontal; no black on caudal peduncle;
anal with a broad black streak and a bright yellow one above it; ocular band nar-
rower thaimeye) sharply (defined senses. neces en ate snciseieioeeascincisioee= citrinellus
sss. Body without series of streaks, either oblique or vertical.
t. Ocular band present; snout obtuse.
u. Ocular band preceded by a black bar.

v. Black bar before eye covering snout; a black bar behind ocular band; body
with dark streaks along rows of scales; a black area surrounded by golden on
dorsal, anal and caudal; ventral pale; a black spot on breast......- trifasciatus

vv. Black bar before eye, not covering upper lip, which is pale; a black area above

eye; three black bands behind eye, the first one extending backward to last
ray of soft dorsal; body with 6 oblique orange stripes; caudal with two black
stripes; anal with one; ventral pale............-..--.----.-.----- ornatissimus
uu. Ocular band not preceded by a black bar.
w. Side of body with a black spot or ocellus; ocular band moderate, edged with
blue; no black on fins.
az. Sides of body below with 2 or 3 blue streaks; lateral spot a rounded

CAM sUegdoe dodaesoSuomacmecoquaDb ees dos don Sobods sooUnpONOBEoSOO. bennelti

ax. Sides of body below with about 13 faint streaks; lateral spot large,
OJoonahey SRR esmacHsugoouUdS eoUbEddEb ug Bud bSagSdcpoundeasoSuaRso0NS speculum

ww. Side of tail with a black ocellus; pale streaks along rows of scales; no black
on fins; ocular band pale-edged......-.-.---- 2-222 ------ 2-22-22. - 22 plebeius

www. Side of body and tail without ocellus.
y. Back blackish, with two whitish blotches; ocular band orange, with dark

edges; fins pale, with dark lines............--.---+---+- quadrimaculatus
yy. Body with diffuse dark spots; ocular band broad, diffuse; snout black;
ventraliblack;:nohyellowee-c-e-emcmcecccieceeee eee saa eeesee corallicola

tt. Ocular band none; body with about nine oblique stripes of clear blue; caudal
peduncle and posterior part of dorsal black; caudal with a broad black band;
ventralspale snout rather acute yeas sacle wosesceece ise aae epee ee mite lslelelarin Sremblyi

1131. Cheetodon setifer Forskal. Siu; Tifitifi sama. WHawaii; Samoa; Johnston I.; Guam; Tub-
uai; Rarotonga and Faté (Seale); East Indies.

Chetodon setifer Bloch, Ichth., tab. 426, fig. 1, 1788, Coromandel. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 77,
Bolabola, Ile de France. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 36, taf. 26, fig. B, Sandwich Is. Smith & Swain, Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus., v, 1882, 187, Johnston I. Seale, Bishop Museum, 1901, 98, Guam. -

Tetragonopterus auriga Bleeker, Atlas, Cheet., a tab. x1, Sumatra, Java, and all islands of the East Indies; not
Chextodon auriga of Forskal.

Chetodon auriga, Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1900, 488, Honolulu; not of Forskal.

This fish is common throughout the South Seas. We haye 45 specimens from Apia and Pago Pago,
where next to Chetodon vagabundus it is the most abundant of the tifitifis. It is known at once by
the black ocellus on the dorsal, one of the rays of which is produced. The dorsal ocellus with other

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 339

characters separates the species from the closely related Chxtodon auriga of the southern coasts of
Asia. The lines at right angles on the body are also characteristic. The name tifitifi is given to all
cheetodonts in Samoa, though primarily applied to Zanclus canescens. Tifi means angle; tifitifi the
horns of the moon. The word corresponds to kihikihi of the Hawaiians.

Life colors of a Samoan specimen, anteriorly gray, posteriorly deep lemon-yellow, with opposing
stripes of violet-gray; forehead gray, with deep orange-yellow cross streaks; ocular band broad,
meeting its fellow below; soft dorsal edged with black, with a large black spot; a yellow streak on
soft dorsal within the blackish edge; filament black before, yellow behind; caudal lemon-yellow; band
light bright yellow, bordered before and behind with brown; tip of caudal translucent; anal gray at
base, orange behind and outside, edged with a black line and yellow; pectoral and ventral clear gray.

1132. Chetodon auriga Forskal. Melanesia; East Indies.
Chetodon auriga Forskal, Deser. Anim., 60, 1775, Red Sea. Giinther, Cat., 11, 7, Red Sea.

This species of the Indian region is not certainly known from the islands of the Pacific.

1133. Cheetodon vagabundus Linneeus. Tifitifi mata-ume; Samasama. Samoa; Vanicolo; Fiji; Faté;
Shortland and Raiatea (Seale); East Indies.
Chetodon vagabundus Linnezeus, Syst. Nat., 1, 465, Indies. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vir, 50, 1831, Ile
de France, Vanicolo, Amboina. Gtinther, Fische der Stidsee, 43, everywhere in Polynesia.
Tetragonoptrus vagabundus, Bleeker, Atlas, Cheet., 48, tab. Xv1, Sumatra, Java, Celebes, and all other islands of the
East Indies.

This fish, abundant throughout Polynesia, is by far the most abundant species of the group at
Samoa. Seventy specimens were taken at Apia and Pago Pago. The species is not one of the
brightest in color. In the presence of narrow streaks meeting at right angles it resembles Chietodon
setifer, but it has neither dorsal filament nor ocellus.

Life colors of one specimen, gray, olivaceous above, becoming golden behind; oblique streaks of
purplish gray meeting at angles; ocular band broad, not pale-edged except below in front; forehead
gray, with six orange cross-shades; first dorsal black, with a median yellow streak which widens to
cover most of soft dorsal; a broad black margin to soft dorsal; a black bar at its base, edged before and
behind with yellow, which crosses caudal peduncle, ending below on center of anal; anal otherwise
dark yellow, grayish at base, with black and light yellow edge; spines very pale yellow; caudal
golden yellow with a black crescent, a black crossbar behind it, and a colorless tip; ventral and
pectoral pale.

This species seems obviously near Chxtodon setifer, and lends some support to Bleeker’s group
Linophora.

11384. Chetodon xanthurus Bleeker. New Britain; East Indies.
Chxtodon xanthurus Bleeker, Act. Soc. Ind. Ned. Amboina, 53, Amboina. De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1884, 457,
Api, New Britain.
Tetragonopterus mertensi Bleeker, Atlas, Chet., 50, tab. xvI, fig. 3, Amboina; not type.
1135. Chzetodon rafflesi Bennett. Samoa; Palan; Fiji; Waigiu; Papua; New Hanover; Hast
© indies:
Chetodon rafiiest Bennett, Life of Raffles, 689, 1830, Sumatra. Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 44, taf. 35, fig. c., Melanesia,
Palau, Fiji. Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 832, New Hanover.
Tetragonopterus rafflesi Bleeker, Atlas, Chet., 49, tab. XIv, Sumatra, Jaya, Bawean, Celebes, Sumbawa, Timor,
Halmahera, Ternate, Ceram, Amboina, Goram, Aru, Waigiu, New Guinea.
Chetodon princeps Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vit, 33, 1831, New Ireland.

This pretty species is rare about Samoa, nine specimens in all being taken at Apia and Pago Pago.
Giinther’s figure is fairly good, but the color is too pale, the fish being more olive in shade. The
checker-like orange markings on the edges of the scales give a characteristic mosaic appearance.

Colors in life, deep yellow, greenish-tinged on body, very bright on fins; the body checkered with
two sets of pinkish brown cross-streaks on edges of scales, these colors purplish on small scales at base
of fin; snout brown; forehead gray; chin bright yellow; ocular band broad, whitish-edged only below
in front; soft dorsal greenish on scales, then clear brown, then clear yellow, black and yellow; spines
brownish, with greenish membranes; anal yellowish-green and purple-dotted on scales, then clear
brown with two yellow bars on last rays and a yellow edge, with a black and white bounding line;
caudal clear yellow with a black band, broadest in the middle, clear yellow behind, the edge clear
gray; pectoral gray; ventral bright golden.

WA

340 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

1186. Chetodon pelewensis Kner. ifitifi ’u sama (orange-tailed). Palau Is.; Samoa; Tonga;
Tahiti; Paumotu Is.; New Hebrides; Faté (Seale).
Chextodon pelewensis Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1868, 306, Palau Is. Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 43, taf. 31, fig. B,
Tonga, Palau, Samoa, Tahiti, Paumotu, New Hebrides.
Of this handsome little Chetodon we secured 6 specimens from Apia and Pago Pago. From most
other species, Chetodon pelewensis is known by the yellow median stripe on the black ocular band.
Life colors of a specimen from Apia, yellow-olive, clear yellow behind, gray on sides; forehead
black; ocular band yellow, edged on each side by black and gray; preorbital yellow; yellow on
preopercle; dots and wavy bands purplish black; dorsal brown-»live, clearer behind, a broad golden
edge set off by a black line; caudal peduncle clear bright orange, as in Holacanthus ( flavissimus), then
light yellow, then black, the fin mostly translucent; anal creamy brown, with a black streak above
and below, the edge soiled greenish gray; ventral dusky; pectoral colorless; a black blotch on nape
before dorsal. :

1187. Chzetodon ulietensis Cuvier & Valenciennes. Samoa; Paumotu; Tahiti; Guam; Kings-
mill I.; Raiatea (Seale) .
Chetodon ulietensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vil, 39, 1831, Ulietea.
Chetodon falcula Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 39, taf. 27; Paumotu, Tahiti, Harvey, Samoa, Kingsmill I.; not of
Cuvier. Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 101, Guam.

Of this fish we have 8 specimens from Apia and 4 from Pago Pago. It is well distinguished
from the closely related Chetodon falcula of the East Indies, with which Bleeker and Giinther have
confounded it.

Colors in life, light gray or clear whitish, slightly brownish in front, bluish mesially, with two
broad cross-bands of deep drab, the posterior deepening to black above, both fading below but evident.
below the level of the pectoral fin; above they extend on the dorsal fin, the anterior bar narrowed and
sharply turned backward at base of spinous dorsal; the two cross-bands and the pale interspace marked
by 15 or 16 narrow, sharp, nearly vertical lines of drab-black, like pencil marks, these corresponding
to the rows of scales; area behind second lateral band clear golden-yellow on body and fins; ocular
stripe broad, deep black, without edge; snout dusky above; an oblong vertical jet-black spot crossing
narrowest part of caudal peduncle; spinous dorsal clear light yellow along edge; soft dorsal and anal
golden yellow like the body; dorsal with two narrow brown streaks not parallel, then light yellow,
brown, and finally a blackish edge; anal spines bright light yellow, the fins with three dark parallel
streaks, two brown, one black, then a golden edge; caudal golden yellow, with a black curved cross-
streak and a broad transparent edge; pectoral colorless; ventral soiled white; forehead with faint
brownish yellow cross-streak. Another specimen with bands black rather than violet.

1138. Chzetodon lineolatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Hawaii; Samoa; New Hanover; New Guinea;
Faté (Seale); East Indies.

Chetodon lineolatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vil, 40,1831, Ile de France. Quoy & Gaimard, Voyage
de l’Astrolabe, 381, 1835, Ile de France. Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, Hawaii, Samoa, Tahiti, Kingsmill I.
Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1900, 469; Honolulu.

Tetragonoplrus lineolatus, Bleeker, Atlas, Cheet., 51, tab. xv, Cocos, Sumbawa, Flores, Ternate, Amboina, Banda.

Chetodon lunatus (Ehrenberg) Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., viI, 57, 1831, Red Sea.

Chxtodon oxycephalus Bleeker, Ternate, 9de Beidr., 603, Ternate. Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 232, New Hanover.

Chetodon tallii Bleeker, Banda, 3de Beidr., 97, Banda.

This large and handsome species is common at Honolulu and westward to the East Indies. It is
recorded from Samoa, but we did not find it there.

1139: Cheetodon lunula (Lacépéde). Tifitifi lawmea. Hawaii; Samoa; Papua; Oualan; Tahiti;
Rarotonga; Nukahiva; Makatea and Tahiti (Seale).
Pomacentrus lunula Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Iv, 507, 1803, He de France.
Chetodon lunula, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 59, pl. 173, 1831, Ile de France, Prince of Wales I., New
Guinea, Australia, Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 42, Hawaii, Tahiti.
Cheetodon biocellatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 62, Oualan; young.
Tetragonoptrus fasciatus, Bleeker, Atlas, Chet., 44, tab. x11; not Chxtodon fasciatus Forskil; Jaya, Bawean, Borneo,
Celebes, Sangi, Timor, Halmahera, Buro, Amboina, Ceram, New Guinea.
This splendid species is rather common about Samoa, as at Honolulu. It has been confounded
by Bleeker and others with Chetodon fasciatus Forskal of the Red Sea. The varied markings of the

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 341

shoulders, with the broad white postocular band, are characteristic in the adult. The changes in the
young are well figured by Dr. Ginther.

We have 15 specimens from Apia and Pago Pago. One was colored in life as follows: Deep golden,
a little olive-tinged and more dusky on back; chin gray; patch behind ocular stripe clear gray; oblique
black band bordered before and behind by clear golden brown, a blackish blotch at first dorsal spine
with golden brown behind it; spot on caudal peduncle and stripe on dorsal golden; a brown shade
across dorsal and anal besides black tips and dark brown bands; ventral golden with some dusky;
pectoral and edge of caudal colorless.

1140. Chztodon flavirostris Giinther. Vayau; Tonga; Faté (Seale).

Chetodon flavirostris Ginther, Fische der Sudsee, 41, Vavau (Friendly Is.).

1141. Chztodon mertensi Cuvier & Valenciennes. Tijitifi pwipw’i. Paumotu Is.; Samoa.
Chetodon merlensi Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., viI, 47, 1831; after a drawing by Mertens from a
specimen from an unknown locality. Gtinther, Fische der Siidsee, 45, taf. 36, fig. B, Paumotu.

Of this rare species, hitherto known only from the scanty original description and from the
excellent figure given by Dr. Giinther, we have four specimens from Apia and Pago Pago. This
species is known by the presence of four distinct angular cross-bands, with some fainter ones. Behind
these is a broad yellow cross-band involving most of the dorsal and anal.

The species (Chextodon xanthurus) called Tetragonoptrus mertensi by Bleeker is distinct from this
species.

Colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, bluish gray; rich orange-yellow behind last dorsal spine, on
body and dorsal and anal fins, including all of soft dorsal and most of anal; forehead and a scapular
bar dark brown; ocular stripe broader above, where it is white-edged, the two not meeting below;
five V-shaped blackish cross-bars on body behind shoulder, the angle toward the head; 4 rows of
spots in concayity of last bar, between it and the immaculate golden area; first dorsal light yellow;
second with edge of black and light yellow; anal dusky gray in front, edged with orange, posteriorly
like dorsal; caudal light yellowish gray at base, then deep orange-yellow, edged with a fine line of
black, then yellow; ventral soiled gray; pectorals plain.

1142. Cheztodon dixoni Regan. New Hebrides. eS
Chetodon dixonit Regan, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1904, 276, New Hebrides.

1143. Chetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider. Tifitifi pulepule pa’ipa’i. Samoa; Fiji; New
Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

Chxtodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 224, 1801, Moluccas. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 44, Samoa,
Fiji Day, Fishes of India, 108, pl. 28, fig. 1, India. Steindachner, Ichth. Beitr., xv1, 230, 1893, Fiji.

Chzxtodon dorsalis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vil, 70, Moluccas; name preoccupied.

Chetodon margindtus (Ehrenberg) Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vil, 57, Massuah; name preoccupied.

Chetodon abhortani Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v1I, 58, Ile de France.

Telragonoptrus melanotus Bleeker, Atlas, Cheet., 43, tab. x1v, Batu, Celebes, Flores, Timor, Ternate, Ceram,
Amboina, Goram, Banda.

This species is rather rare about Samoa, only seven specimens being taken at Apia and Pago Pago.
The diffuse black spot at the base of the anal and the black spot at the throat are characteristic traits.
Day has given a fair figure of the species.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, gray, the contour all bright yellow; a broad, blackish patch
occupying the whole back, this edged below by dull whitish; a large whitish blotch in the middle of
the back; scales with dusky rows of diffuse blackish spots ranning upward and backward, these more
streak-like above, the spots separate below, most distinct at base of anal, where they are gathered into
an oblique jet-black spot of irregular outline; a black streak along lateral line posteriorly, widened into a
jet-black blotch below last soft dorsal rays; a smaller black blotch above last ana! ray on edge of caudal
peduncle; ocular band narrow, edged on both sides with bright yellow; region before it brownish
yellow, clear yellow at throat, a dusky spot on breast; spinous dorsal deep brownish yellow; soft dorsal
dusky, then yellow, then a broad blackish band with a black line aboye, then clear yellow, with a
dusky edge: anal broadly clear yellow, with a brownish shade across it, then dusky, then a black line,
then clear yellow; caudal bright yellow, with a narrow, dusky shade, then a blackish cross line, the
posterior half translucent; pectoral colorless, light yellow at base; ventral golden yellow.

Another specimen from Apia had the lower half of side light bluish gray, above blackish with
a pale area; margin all around yellow, golden below, orange above, with black markings, pectoral
and also broad tip of caudal colorless.

842 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

1144. Chetodon reticulatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Matagi pulepule; Tifitifi au Samoa; Tahiti;
Ulea; Paumotu Is.; Rarotonga and Raiatea (Seale).
Chetodon reticulatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vil, 82, Tahiti, Ulea.
Chetodon collaris Giinther, Fische der Siidsee 40, Paumotu; not of Bloch nor of Bleeker.
2? Chetodon bellicosus Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, 1835; a handsome brown-colored species seen at Guam
but not secured; ‘bit at the finger when approached.”

This splendid species is rather rare about Samoa, only 12 specimens being taken at Apia and
Pago Pago. It is quite different from Chxtodon collaris of the East Indies, with which it has been
confounded by Giinther, who gives a good figure, but the colors of the fish are brighter than his plate
would indicate. The scarlet patch on the anal is especially characteristic.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, black, dove-gray above and behind ocular band; spots on
scales bright yellow below, gray above; edge of ocular stripe golden; forehead and snout drab; lips
golden; dorsal drab, edged with golden, with a dark and white streak; caudal black, then drab, black,
yellow, black, then a drab edge; anal black, being scarlet behind, with 2 black stripes, a dull yellow
one, the edge white; ventral and breast black, continuous with ocular band; pectoral colorless.

1145. Chetodon unimaculatus Bloch. Tifitifi pulepule; Tifitifi samasama. Hawaii; Samoa; Tahiti;
New Guinea (Macleay); Bonham I.; Faté (Seale); East Indies.
Chetodon unimaculatus Bloch, Ichth., taf. 201, 1787, Tahiti. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vil, 72, Tahiti.
Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 37, Bonham I., Tahiti, Samoa. Gtinther, Cat., 11, 11, Amboina.
—— Chetodon sphenospilus Jenkins, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., x1x, 1899 (1901), 395, Honolulu.
Tetragonoptrus unimaculatus, Bleeker, Atlas, Cheet., 45, tab. x11, Java, Solor, Timor, Amboina, Ternate, Boro,
Ceram, Banda. ;

This handsome species is widely diffused throughout the South Seas and to the East Indies and
Hawaii. We haye 20 examples from Samoa. The single black spot on the side well characterizes the
species. i

Life colors. of a specimen from Apia, clear bright light yellow, becoming bluish gray below; ocular
band broad, meeting below; faintly edged with gray; snout gray; golden edges to scales making faint
oblique yellow streaks on shoulder; black lateral spot, broadly surrounded by gray, with a wedge-
shaped downward extension of dusky gray; dorsal light bright yellow, a black bar across its posterior
part and across caudal peduncle and anal fin, where it is narrower, the band bordered betore and
behind by gray, the posterior edge very narrow; caudal colorless; anal deep golden yellow, darker
than dorsal; ventral deep golden yellow; pectoral colorless.

Another specimen was in life light golden above; gray beneath shoulders and front of sides, with
V-shaped vertical bars of deep yellow, the angle directed toward the tail; ocular band very broad
from front of dorsal, meeting across breast; snout and forehead gray; a large round black spot on
middle of side of back, surrounded by gray; dorsal and anal clear yellow; a dark bar posteriorly on
both, extending across caudal, edged on both sides with gray; posteriorly this is the margin of the
dorsal and anal fins, both with whitish edge; caudal grayish white at base behind bar; rest of fin like
pectoral, translucent with black dots; ventral golden yellow.

Compared with Hawaiian specimens there is a tendency in these to form a larger spot, more
extensively produced into wedge-shaped process below. There is no other difference.

Chetodon unimaculatus differs strikingly from Chietodon ephippium and ulietensis in the teeth, which
are stronger, not flexible, not more than two series functional, those of the two halves of each jaw
conyerging toward median line. The horizontal series of enlarged scales on anterior part of sides are
less marked than the oblique series, but are distinguishable and usually continuous with the horizonta]
series of smaller scales behind. ‘Phe larger scales have margin unequally curved (Lepidochztodon),
but this character seems to have little value.

1146. Cheetodon trichrous Ginther. Tahiti.

Chetodon trichrous Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 40, pl. 36, Tahiti; on a drawing. Jordan & Snyder, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., XXIx, 1905, 355, fig. 2, Tahiti.

This species is known from an incorrect drawing made by Andrew Garrett, and published by
Dr. Giinther, and from a specimen, also from Tahiti, taken by Mr. Henry P. Bowie.
1147. Chetodon kleini Bloch. Yap; New Britain; East Indies.

Chetodon kleini Bloch, Ichth., tv, 7, taf. 218, fig.2, after Klein. Giinther, Cat., 11,22, Amboina, Mauritius. Peters,
Berl. Mon, 1876, 832, New Britain.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 343

Chetodon melanomystax Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, 224.
Chztodon melastomus Bloch & Schneider, op. cit., 224, Tranguebar.
Chetodon flavescens Bennett, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc., 1830, 1, 61, Mauritius.
Chetodon virescens Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v11, 30, 1881.

1148. Chetodon ephippium Cuvier & Valenciennes. Tifitifi taiona; Tifitifi ila; Tifitifi tusi. Hawaii;
Tahiti; Samoa; Kusai; Borabora; Guam; Tonga; New Guinea (Macleay); Woodlark I.; East
Indies; Rarotonga, Raiatea, and Faté (Seale).

Chetodon ephippium Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vil, 80, 1831, pl. 174, Moluccas, Borabora, Tahiti.
Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 36, taf. 27, Tonga, Tahiti. Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 97, Guam.

Chetodon principalis Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., 81, East Indies; on a drawing by Renard (young, showing a
black area on and above the anal).

Chetodon mulsanti Thiolliére, Fauna Woodlark, 163.

Tetragonoptrus ephippium, Bleeker, Atlas, Chet., 36, tab.xv1, Cocos, Java, Celebes, Flores, Timor, Ternate,
Amboina, Ceram, Haraucka, Goram, New Guinea.

This beautiful species is common in the coral reefs about Samoa. We have also a specimen from
Kusai, Caroline Islands.

The species is known at once by the large black saddle, with a long filament on the soft dorsal
above it. It is well figured by Giinther, although the ground-color is darker than indicated by him.
A young example has the dark anal area indicated in the description of Chetodon principals.

Twenty-five specimens from Apia and Pago Pago. Life colors of one trom Apia, light grayish
olive, side with five or six streaks of light violet; edge of operele violet; side of head grayish; a
grayish preorbital patch; black ocular stripe very narrow and faint; a narrow dark streak like a
pencil-mark from fourth dorsal spine downward and forward nearly to base of pectoral; snout and
breast bright orange-yellow, brighter anteriorly; a bright orange-yellow streak across base o! pectoral
within and without; back with black saddle, broadly edged below with white; spinous dorsal yellow at
tip, then gray, thena black streak, then orange-brown, then olive with blackish lines, filaments orange,
edged before with yellow, behind with white; soft dorsal black, edged with yellow, orange-brown,
black, white, and finally blackish; anal white, edged with yellow, grayish orange, grayish yellow, and
finally blackish, the yellow predominating, the orange a bright streak; caudal translucent dark gray
with deep orange blotch at base, the edges and posterior border orange-yellow.

In adults the ocular band is well marked only on the upper and lower borders of the eye, rapidly
fading out on the cheek and supraocular region. In young individuals 1t 1s continued downward and
backward across cheek and interopercle, and upward and backward to meet its lellow at the nape, but
even in the young it is most intensely black near the eye. In the young the anal fin 1s blackish with
a broad, light, submarginal band and blackish edge, and the caudal peduncle 1s crossed py a black
ring, widest at the mid-lateral line.

1149. Cheetodon semeion Bleeker. Samoa; Tahiti; Thornton I.; Shortland I. (Seale).
Cheetodon semeion Bleeker, Verh. Kon Ak Wet., Xvi, Cheet. 67, Vierde Bijdr, tenth, Cocos, Nat. 1, Ned Ind., vii,
450, 1855, Keeling 1. Gunther, Fische der Sudsee, 37, taf. 28, lahiti, Samoa Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.
1899, 492, Thornton 1.
Tetragonoptrus semeron Bleeker, Atlas, Chet., 37, tab, X11 (poor), Cocos, Celebes, Goram.

This species, one of the most beautiful of the group, 1s rare in the South Seas, and scarcely more
common in the East Indies. We have but one specimen trom Apia, which was colored in life as fol-
lows: Deep rich lemon-yellow or orange-yellow, with blue-black dots on the scales, torehead gray;
ocular band black; pectoral and yentral lemon-yellow; dorsal yellow, streaked with blackish, the tips
of the spines light clear yellow, a blue tine separating this from the body color; last part of dorsal
largely black, edged with dark yellow, ght yellow, grayish and blackish, finally brownish; dorsal
filament yellow; anal with less black and much more orange, otherwise similar; caudal light brown-
ish, translucent behind, the upper and lower edge, also the middle brownish, a yellowish inner stripe
lining the brown margin.

1150. Chetodon punctatofasciatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Hawaii; East Indies.

Chetodon punctatofasciatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VI, 25, NO locality,

Chetodon punctatolineatus Gronow, Cat. Fisn, ed. Gray, 1854, 70, 1ocalty unknown.

Chelodon multicinctus Garrett, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sei. 1863, 65, Hawai. Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, 44, taf. 34, fig. B,
Sandwich Is.

Telragonoptrus punctatofasciatus, Bleeker, Atlus, Cheet., 40, tab. xu, Buro, Obi-major, Solor, Amboina, Banda,
Aneiteum.

344 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Of this rare species very few specimens are known. The specimens from the Hawaiian Islands
called multicinctus are probably identical with Chatodon punctalofasciatus, originally described from an
unknown locality, but located by Bleeker in the East Indies.

Bleeker finds 6 to 8 dark bars on his species, and figures 8. Those”seen by us, all from Hawaii,
haye, like the type of Chxtodon multicinctus, but 6 bars,

1151. Cheetodon miliaris Quoy & Gaimard. Hawaii.
Chelodon milaris Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, 280, Maui, Hawaii. Glinther, Fische der Stidsee, in part,
Sandwich Is. Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1900, 489, Honolulu, Laysan. Jordan & Evermann, Bull.
U.S. Fish Comm., Xx111, 1903 (1905), 371, fig. 163, Honolulu.
Chetodon manteliger Jenkins, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., X1x, 1899 (1901), 394, Honolulu.
This little fish much resembles Chetodon citrinellus, but the lines of dots form vertical stripes, and
the anal is nearly plain, without the broad stripes of black and of glossy yellow characteristic of
Chetodon cilrinellus. Chetodon miliaris seems to be confined to the Hawanian Islands. @

1152. Chetodon citrinellus (Broussonet). Tvfitifiuli; Tifitifi lanifi; Manini. Samoa; Fiji; Paumotu
Js.; Bonham I.; Papua; Tahiti; Rarotonga; Raiatea and Faté (Seale).
Chextodon citrinellus (Broussonet) Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vil, 27, Guam. Gunther, Fische der
Sudsee, 47, pl. 35, fig. B (poor figure), Paumotu, Tahiti, Bonham, Samoa, Fiji. Jordan & Eyermann, Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus. 1902, Formosa.
Telragonoptrus miliaris, Bieeker, Atlas, Cheet., 39, tab. XV, Sumatra, Padang, Java, Celebes, Sangi, Ternate, Buro,
Amboina, Ceram, New Guinea, not Chetodon miliaris of Quoy & Gaimard.

This species is distinguished from Chxtodon miliaris, which it much resembles, by a bright golden
stripe Just above (dorsad) a jet black stripe along the edge of the anal fin. The dark stripes extend
in most specimens for the whole length of the body. Chextodon citrinellus is one of the smallest
species, rarely exceeding four inches. It is common about the coral reefs of Samoa. We have 15
specimens from Pago Pago and 50 trom Apia.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, dull light yellow olive, with series of blue spots along rows
of scales; torehead brown, clear; ocular band narrowly edged aboye on both sides with grayish white,
this border yellow-washed 1n larger examples, anal with a broad, black edge above a band of bright
yellow; caudal plain orange, rather bright; soft dorsal yellow, with a narrow black, then a white line.

1158. Chetodon trifasciatus Park. Tvfityi tala. Hawaii; Samoa; Woodlark I.; Raiatea and
Shortland I. (Seale); East Indies.

Chetodon trifascratus Mungo Park, Trans. Linn. Soc., I!, 34,1792, Sumatra,

Tetragonoptrus tryascratus, Bleeker, Atias, Chet., 35, tab. XV. Sumatra, Java, Celebes, and all other East Indies.

Chxtodon vittatus Bloch « Scnnelder, syst. 1cnth., 227, 1801, Sumatra, after Park, Gunther, Fische der Sudsee, 41,
Paumotu. Gunther, Cat, 111, 23, Ceram, Ampoina.

Chetodon tau-nigrum Cuyier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 32, Guam, young.

? Chetodon austriacus Ruppel!, Neue Wirpeitniere, 30, taf. 9, 1835, Red Sea.

Chetodon ovalis Thiolhere, Fauna Woodiark, 164, 1857, Woodlark I.

Chetodon melapterus (Guichenot) Maillard, Reunion, 6, 1le de Reunion.

This species is rather common about Samoa, 42 specimens being in our collection. It is rather
rare about Honolulu, where it 1s taken, however. We have one young example corresponding to
Cheelodon tau-nigrum. The species is common in the East Indies.

a We may here add an uncertain species:
Cheetodon species.

Chextodon miliaris Glinther, Fische der Siidsee, 46, in part; coloration of taf, 35, fig. A, taken from a drawing by
Garrett.

The coloration shown in Giinther’s plate of Chelodon miliaris is not at all that of the species in question, which is not
known outside ot Hawai. We have notes on two young examples from Samoa corresponding to Gunther's plate, but we
haye not peen able to find the specimens trom which the notes were taken. These probably represent a species still
undescribed.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, olive yellow; clear yellow on head and breast; small bright blue stripes along
rows of scales; soft dorsal with black edge; anal with a wider one, and a white stripe at base with one at edge; a black
blotch on pase ot caudal peduncle, with two bright yellow spots and edged betore and behind with pale; caudal behind
bar whitish. Young. é

Another specimen, from the same locality, was gray with oblique dark blue stripes upward and backward; whole
outline ot body deep gelden yellow; ocular band broad, the part before it golden; dorsal and anal all golden, the soft
dorsal dark at pase and with a dark edge, tne dorsal and anal brighter yellow near the edge; caudal colorless, a broad
black par at base surrounded by golden, this nct on the fin.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 345

Colors in life of a specimen from Apia, creamy orange, grayer above, with many streaks of violet
blue; head with jaws blackish, forehead brown; a golden streak, then the ocular band, then a whitish
streak, yellow below, then brownish, whitish, and purplish black, the black stripe parallel with the
ocular band; spinous dorsal light yellow with a purplish line below; soft dorsal yellow, black, yellow,
violet, gray-purplish, violet-gray, the outside creamy brown, the black surrounded by golden; caudal
peduncle slaty, then whitish, golden, black, golden, and transparent, the black forming a broad bar;
anal with a golden stripe at base, then black, becoming rich brown on spines, then golden, then dark
brown, then golden, the black area surrounded by golden as on the dorsal; breast golden with a black
blotch; ventral golden; pectoral pale yellow.

1154. Chetodon ornatissimus (Solander). Tifitifi wav. Hawaii; Samoa; Tahiti; Guam; New
Guinea; Rarotonga (Seale) ; East Indies.
Chetodon ornatissimus Solander, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vir, 22,1831, Tahiti. Gunther, Fische
der Siidsee, 38, with plate, Sandwich Is. Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 100, Guam.
Tetragonoptrus ornatissimus, Bleeker, Atlas, Cheet., 32, tab. x1, Amboina, New Guinea.
Chetodon ornatus Gray, Zool. Misc. 1834, 33, Sandwich Is.

A largeand very handsome species generally common in the South Seas and northward to Hawaii.
We have 15 examples from Hawaii and Pago Pago. It is readily known by the presence of six
oblique stripes of orange on the side of the body.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, gray; head and belly golden; five or six black vertical stripes
across head, the interspaces yellow, these all parallel with the ocular band, which is the broadest;
three orange bars before pectoral; six oblique stripes on body upward and backward, of rich orange-
brown; a seventh stripe of dark brown on anal, this edged with a narrow black streak, then clear
yellow, then black; dorsal with two yellow and a black stripe; caudal with two black stripes and a
dull yellowish stripe between; base of fin gray; ventral golden; pectoral dull orange; breast anteriorly
black at the meeting of the ocular bands. ‘

1155. Cheetodon bennetti Cuvier & Valenciennes. Tahiti; Paumotu Is.; Gilbert Is.; Kingsmill
I.; East Indies.

Chetodon bennetti Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vit, 84, Sumatra. Gtinther, Fische der Siidsee, p. 37,
pl. 29, fig. A, Paumotu, Tahiti, Gilbert Is., Kingsmill I.

Chextodon vinctus Bennett, Zool. Beechey’s Voy. 62, pl. 17, fig. 1, 1849, Sumatra.

Tetragonoptrus bennetti, Bleeker, Atlas, Chet., 34, tab. x1v, Sumatra, Java, Halmahera, Amboina.

1156. Chzetodon speculum Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Guinea (Macleay);-East Indies.

1157. Cheetodon plebejus (Broussonet). South Seas (Tahiti?) ; New Guinea (Macleay); India.
Chxtodon plebejus (Broussonet) Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vil, 68, South Seas. Giinther, Fische der
Stidsee, 35, taf. 32, fig. B, same specimen. Day, Fishes of India, 104, pl. 26, from Broussonet’s specimens,
Andaman Is.

This species was long known from Broussonet’s original type only, supposed to be from the South
Seas, and preserved in the British Museum for one hundred and thirty years. The presence of four
anal spines would necessitate the reference of the species to Megaprotodon, but the number is certainly
accidental, as in other regards the species is a true Chetodon. Day counts three dorsal spines only
in his description, presumably drawn from a specimen from the Andaman Islands. His figure is
from Broussonet’s specimen and shows four. The species is recorded by Macleay from New Guinea.
1158. Cheetodon quadrimaculatus Gray. Hawaii.

Chetodon quadrimaculatus Gray, Zool. Misc., 33, 1831, Sandwich Is. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 38, taf. 30, fig. A,
Upolu, Sandwich Is. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., xx11, 1903 (1905), 373, pl. xt1x, Hawaii.
This fish is rather common about Honolulu. It has been recorded by Giinther from Samoa, the

figure published differing a BPodsdeal from our specimens of the fish. The species is well distinguished
by the black back with two pale blotches and by the mesial yellow of the ocular stripe.

1159. Cheetodon corallicola Snyder. Hawaii.
Chetodon corallicola Snyder, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., x x11, 1902 (1904), 53, with pl. 11, fig. 20, Albatross Station 4032,
on Penguin Bank, south coast of Oahu I.
This species is known only from the specimens collected by the Albatross. It is a dull-colored
species, with a broad, diffuse ocular band. It is an ally of Chextodon flavirostris.
B. B. F.1905—23

346 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

1160. Chetodon fremblii Bennett. Hawaii; Laysan.

Chetodon fremblii Bennett, Zool. Journ. iv, 42, 1829, Sandwich Is. Gtinther, Fische der Siidsee, 1, 39, taf. 29, fig. B,
Sandwich Is. Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1900, 488, Laysan,
Chetodon fremblii, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v1, 24, 1831; after Bennett.
This handsome species, well distinguished by its stripes of clear blue, has been found only about
the Hawaiian Islands, where it is rather rare.

MICROCANTHUS Swainson.

Microcanthus Swainson, Class. Anim., 11, 1839, 215 (strigatus).

This genus differs from Cheztodon chiefly in the small scales, there being about 60 in the lateral
line. The soft dorsal and anal are shorter than is usual in Chextodon, the fin formula of the typical
species being dorsal x1,17; anal 11,14. It is in fact doubtful whether the genus contains another
species, as the other species with small scales have the soft fins many-rayed and constitute Bleeker’s —
genus Hemiiaurichthys (type polylepis), which is apparently a valid genus, with no close relation to
Microcanthus strigatus.

1161. Microcanthus strigatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii; East Indies.

This species, common in southern Japan and the East Indies, is occasionally taken about Hawaii.
It was found there by Garrett, by Jenkins, and by Jordan & Evermann.

HENIOCHUS Cuvier & Valenciennes.

Heniochus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v1, 92, 1831 (macrolepidotus).

Taurichthys Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vir, 146, 1831 (varius).

Diphreutes Cantor, Malayan Fishes, 159, 1850 (macrolepidotus); substitute for Heniochus, on
account of Henioche, a prior genus of Lepidoptera.

This genus is characterized by the deep body and by the prolongation of one of the dorsal spines.
The species are all marked by dark cross-bands.

1162. Heniochus acuminatus (Linneus). Laulaufau. Hawaii; Samoa; Fiji; New Britain; New
Hanover; New Guinea; East Indies.
Cheiodon acuminatus Linnzeus, Syst. Nat., ed. X, 272, 1758, Indies; after Chetodon fascius 3-fusca.
Chetodon macrolepidotus Linneeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, 274, 1758, Indies; after Chextodon lineis utruique 2-nigris, of
Artedi.
Heniochus macrolepidotus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vi1, 93, 1831, Molucca, Ile de France, Manila,
New Guinea, Trincomalee. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 48, taf. 37, Polynesia.
Taurichthys macrolepidotus, Bleeker, Atlas, Cheet., 29, tab. v, fig. 1, Luzon, New Guinea, Singapore, Sumatra, and
all East Indian islands.
- This widely distributed species is not common in the South Seas. We have specimens from
Hawaii and a single large specimen from Apia.

The latter in life showed the following colors: Head gray; snout black above, agray streak between
eyes; no ocular band; two black bands, the first including the short dorsal spines across to breast,
yventrals, and whole front of anal; second including last dorsal spines and most of soft anal; a short.
white bar behind this; second dorsal and caudal bright golden; pectoral golden; lips pale; long spine
white.

The name acuminatus has two pages priority over macrolepidotus.

1168. Heniochus permutatus Bennett. Tahiti; Samoa; New Guinea; Woodlark I.; East Indies.

Heniochus permutatus Bennett in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vil, 99, 1831, no locality.

Heniochus chrysostomus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., viI, 99, 1831, Te Gunther, Fische der Siidsee,
49, taf. 39, fig. A, Paumotu, Tahiti.

Taurichthys chrysostomus, Bleeker, Atlas, Cheet., 29, tab. Iv, fig. 2, Flores, Ternate, Ceram, Amboira, Banda, Goram,
New Guinea.

Heniochus melanistion Bleeker, Bydr. Ich: Banda, Banda.

Heniochus drepanoides Thiolliére, in Montrouzier, Fauna Woodlark Island, 166, Woodlark I.

This species is rather rare about Samoa, where 7 specimens were taken, 5 from Pago Pago, and 2
from Apia. It is apparently identical with the species called Heniochus permutatus by Bennett, suc-

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 347

cinctly described as having the colors of Heniochus macrolepidotus reversed, black for white and white
for black. .

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, 8 bands dark brown, the first blackish, alternating with
white; yellowish tinged in places; the snout and lips orange; forehead duil orange with a black median
stripe; dorsal colored like the body, the posterior part and caudal dull yellowish; ventral black; anal
with a black, gray-edged ocellus in the center of the black area, most distinct in the young; long
dorsal spines black, the tips of the spines whitish.

1164. Heniochus intermedius Steindachner. Pacific.
Heniochus intermedius Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1893, 222, locality unknown.

1165. Heniochus monoceros Cuvier & Valenciennes. Samoa (Ginther); Tahiti; East Indies.
Heniochus monoceros Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v1, 100, 1831, Ile de France. Giinther, Fische der

Siidsee, 49, taf. 38, Samoa, Tahiti.
Taurichthys monoceros, Bleeker, Atlas, Chet., 28, tab. 111, fig. 3, Java.

This rare species is recorded by Dr. Giinther from Samoa. It was not seen by us.

1166. Heniochus varius (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Samoa; East Indies.
Taurichthys varius Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vu, 148, pl. 181, East Indies.
Taurichthys varius Bleeker, Atlas, Chzet., 27, tab. 111, fig. 2, Batu, Java, Celebes, Timor, Amboina, Ceram, Banda.
Taurichthys viridis Cuyier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., viII, 152, Amboina.

One specimen of this species was taken by us at Apia. Otherwise the species is not recorded from
Polynesia. Life colors, olive brown, blackish below where black streaks follow the rows of scales;
lips, head, and nape black; breast gray, not black, as figured by Bleeker; a grayish olive band to
front of spinous dorsal; a clear white bar from tip of long dorsal spine to lower base of caudal; dorsal
olive, the first spines dusky; caudal pale olive; ventral, anal, and pectoral black.

HOLACANTHUS Lacépéde. <Alamu.

Holacanthus Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1v, 525, 1803. (AZ. tricolor; scales large; caudal forked.)

Genicanthus Swainson, Class. Fishes, 11, 212, 1839. (G.lamarckii; scales large; caudal forked.)

Centropyge Kaup, Wiegmann’s Archiy, xxy1, 138, 1876. (C. tibicen; erroneously saidyto have four
anal spines. )

Chxtodontoplus Bleeker, Archiy Neer]. Sci. Nat., x11, 26, 1876. (C. mesoleucus; isthmus broad. )

Acanthochxtodon Bleeker, Archiy Neerl. Sci. Nat., x1, 5, 1876. (A. lepidolepis; isthmus narrow;
body elevated. )

Angelichthys Jordan & Eyermann, Check-list of fishes, 420, 1896. (A. ciliaris. )

Preopercle with a stout spine; dorsal spines 12 to 14. The species of this genus are almost all
gaudily colored and some of them reach a large size. They differ widely among themselves, but not
so as to permit generic subdivision. The different subgeneric groups—Holacanthus, with relatively
large scales and angular dorsal and anal; Angelichthys, with strong spines on the preopercle; Chetodon-
toplus, with very small scales and rounded dorsal and anal; Acanthochxtodon, with moderate sized
scales and elevated dorsal and anal—are recognizable groups. Another subgenus equally well marked
may be based upon Holacanthus fisheri, a species with strong spines on the preorbital. Most of the
species in the South Seas belong to the typical subgenus Holacanthus.

1167. Holacanthus diacanthus (Boddaert). Aimeo; Alamu. Samoa; Paumotu Is.; Tahiti; New

Guinea; East Indies.

Chetodon diacanthus Boddaert, De Cheet., 1772.

Holacanthus diacanthus Gunther, Fische der Sudsee, 50, taf. 40, fig. B, Samoa, Tahiti, Paumotu. Bleeker, Atlas,
Chet., 65, tab. vi, fig. 5, Celebes, Flores, Ceram, Jaya, Amboina, Timor, New Guinea, Banda.

Chetodon fasciatus Bloch, Ichth., taf. 195, 1788, after Boddaert.

Chetodon boddaerti Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1243, 1788, after Boddaert.

Chetodon dux Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1255, 1788, after Bloch.

This lavishly gaudy fish is very common about the coral reefs of Samoa. About 16 specimens
were preserved from Apiaand Pago Pago. Life colors of one from Apia, about 9 broad curved stripes,
pale blue with dark-blue edges, the interspaces deep orange-yellow, pale yellow below; another narrow
blue stripe at base of caudal; two others above eye; lips yellow; a blue curved streak below eye;

348 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

lower parts livid gray; stripes of body extending back on dorsal above them, in paler yellow and pur-
plish blue; upper part of fin of deep orange with two pale-blue stripes with dark-blue edge; second
dorsal almost black-orange, washed with dark; caudal light clear yellow, with a few dark specks; anal
with many stripes of steel-blue and orange, the margin black-blue; ventral golden-yellow, edged
anteriorly with dusky; pectoral colorless; a median blue streak on forehead; serrated edge of pre-
opercle blue; preopercular spine blue.

1168. Holacanthus bicolor Bloch. Ulapua. Samoa; Hawaii (Giinther); Solomon Is.; New
Guinea; East Indies.
Chxtodon bicolor Bloch, Ichth., taf. 206, Indies; plate from this species; description confused with the American
species, H. tricolor.
Holacanthus bicolor, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vi, 168, 1831, East Indies. Gunther, Fische der Siidsee,
51, taf. 39, fig. B, Samoa, Solomon Is., Hawaii. Bleeker, Atlas, Cheet., 61, tab.vit, fig. 3, Sumatra, Flores, Solor,
Ternate, Ceram, Amboina, Saparua, Banda, Aru, New Guinea.

This handsome species is moderately common about the coral reefs of Samoa. We did not find
it at Hawaii, and it is possible that Garrett’s sketch on which the Hawaiian record rests was made at
Tahiti. The coloration of this species is almost exactly that of the West Indian ‘‘:rock beauty,”
Holacanthus tricolor, but the form of the body and fins is different.

Four specimens were taken at Apia, and 8 at Pago Pago. Life colors of one from Pago Pago,
anteriorly brilliant yellow, slightly brownish tinged above pectoral, bordered behind by clear yellow
which covers throat, breast, pectoral, and ventral; body posteriorly lustrous blue-black, the color
including anal and most of dorsal; caudal and end of caudal peduncle brilliant yellow; a broad, blue-
black bar connecting eyes above, this bar fading below; an orange spot above gill-opening; edge of
opercle orange; lower lip slightly bluish; four orange spots below it, the anterior largest; spine of
preopercle grayish blue.

1169. Holacanthus flavissimus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Lega; Aimeo. Ulea; Samoa; Fiji; Tahiti;

New Hebrides; Harvey Is.; Kingsmill I.; Raiatea.

Holacanthus flavissimus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vII, 197, 1831, Ulea.

Holacanthus luteolus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 197, 1831, Tahiti; on a drawing by Parkinson.

Holacanthus cyanotis Giinther, Cat., 11, 517, 1860, Aneiteum. Gunther, Fische der Stidsee, 52, taf. 40, fig. a, New
Hebrides, Kingsmill, Tahiti, Harvey, Samoa, Fiji.

Holacanthus monophthalmus Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1867, 714, fig. 2, Raiatea, young. Kner, op. cit., 1868, 16,
Savay.

Holacanthus ocularis Peters, Berl, Mon. 1868 147, South Seas.

Five specimens from Apia, 12 from Pago Pago. This beautiful species is rather common about the
coral reefs of Samoa. The first good account of it is that of Dr. Gtinther, under the name of Holacan-
thus cyanotis. Holacanthus flavissimus is evidently the same, the blue markings on the head being
inconspicuous in faded specimens.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, clear deep yellow, citron-yellow below, fins all the same;
dorsal, anal, and caudal with very narrow bright blue edge; a deep blue ring around orange eye; a
deep violet-blue bar on opercle with an orange edge behind; preopercular spines and two bars across
chin slaty blue; two slaty spots on breast; upper lip slaty. Gill membranes scarcely joined to isthmus.

1170. Holacanthus bispinosus Giinther. Tww’u pulepule mumu. Hawaii (Gtinther); Samoa;
Tahiti; New Hebrides; Amboina.

Holacanthus bispinosus Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, 51, pl. 56, fig. c, Tahiti, New Hebrides, Hawaui. Bleeker,
Atlas, Cheet., 60, tab. vi, fig. 1, Amboina.

This very small and neatly colored species resembles a Pomacentrus. It is rare about the reefs at
Tutuila, but two specimens being taken at Pago Pago. It was not found by us at Hawaii. The plate
in the Fishes of Hawaii is taken from a specimen from Pago Pago.

Life colors, deep orange- or copper-red, clearer below; the head, back, and vertical fins blue-black,
the dark color forming about 18 narrow dark cross streaks on side as wide as the ground color; breast
and belly orange; sides of head dull orange, the lips and spines violet; lower lip very bright blue; anal
and dorsal edged with blue; caudal with a broader blue stripe inside the margin; pectoral yellow,
dusky at base; ventral orange, edged with blackish.

1171. Holacanthus navarchus Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 349

1172. Holacanthus loriculus Giinther. Tahiti.
Holacanthus loriculus Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 53, taf. 40, fig. 6, Tahiti.

This species is known only from a drawing by Mr. Garrett of a specimen 23 inches long, taken from
the stomach of an Epinephelus at Tahiti.

1173. Holacanthus arcuatus Gray. Hawaii.

Holacanthus arcuatus Gray, Zool. Misc. 33, 1831, Hawaii. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 50, taf. 32, fig. c, same spec-
imen.

Of this species only the original type specimen from Hawaii is known.
1174. Holacanthus fisheri Snyder. Hawaii.
Holacanthus fisheri Snyder, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., xxi, 1902 (1904), 532, pl. 11, fig. 21, Hawaii.

This species, notable for the great size of its preorbital spines, is known from numerous specimens
taken about the Hawaiian Islands.

1175. Holacanthus imperator (Bloch). Papua; Guam; Tahiti; Paumotu Is.; East Indies.

Chxtodon imperator Bloch, Ichth., taf. 94, 1788, Moluccas.

Holacanthus imperator, Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 53, taf. 41, fig. A, Tahiti, Paumotu, Ile de France, Red Sea.
Seale, Bishop Museum, vol. 1, no. 3, 104, 1901, Guam.

Acanthochxtodon imperator, Bleeker, Atlas, Cheet., 70, tab. v, fig. 2, pl. 12, fig. 4, Celebes, Amboina, New Guinea.

This large and showy species was not seen by us at Samoa.
1176. Holacanthus marianas Seale. Guam.
Holacanthus marianas Seale, Bishop Museum, vol. I, no. 3, 104, 1901, Guam.
This species, apparently distinct from H. imperator, is unknown to us.

1177. Holacanthus nicobariensis (Bloch & Schneider). Samoa; Misol; Tahiti; Waigiu; Guam;
East Indies.

Chetodon nicobariensis Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 219, pl. 50, Nicobar Is.; misprinted Nicobarcensis, an error
corrected in the errata.
Holacanthus nicobariensis, Giinther Fische der Stidsee, 54, Misol, Tahiti, Samoa. Seale, Bishop Museum, vol. 1,
no. 3, 105, 1901, Guam.
Acanthochxtodon nicobariensis, Bleeker, Atlas, Cheet., 69, in part (the plate represents some other fish), Timor
Amboina, Ceram, Waigiu.
Holacanthus geometricus Lacépede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1v, 537, 1803.
This beautiful fish seems to be rare about Samoa. A single young specimen was taken in a tide-
pool at Pago Pago. Life colors, blue-black, the concentric streaks part white, part pale blue, the
widest and the fin edgings pure white; ventrals blue edged.

1178. Holacanthus bishopi Seale. Guam.
Holacanthus bishopi Seale, Bishop Museum, yol. 1, no. 3, 106, 1901, Guam.
This species is apparently distinct from HH. nicobariensis.

1179. Holacanthus semicirculatus Cuvier & Valenciennes New Guinea (Macleay); Waigiu; New
Ireland; Woodlark; East Indies.
Holacanthus semicirculatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vil, 191, Buru, Waigiu, New Ireland.
Acanthochxtodon semicirculatus Bleeker, Atlas, Chet., 69, pl. 8, fig. 5, Sumatra, Java, Timor, and the islands of the
East Indies generally.
Chxtodon microlepis Bleeker, Fish. Sumatra, 257, Sumatra.
Holacanthus iburu Thiolliére, in Montrouzier, Fauna Woodlark, 169, 1857, Woodlark I.
This species, common in the East Indies, extends eastward to Melanesia, but has not been found
about Samoa.

1180. Holacanthus alternans Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Britain; Madagascar.

Holacanthus alternans Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vil, 193, 1881, Madagascar. Peters, Berl. Mon.
1876, $32, New Britain.

350 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Family ZANCLIDA.
ZANCLUS (Commerson Ms.) Lacépéde.

Zanclus (Commerson Ms.) Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., rv, 473, 1803 (cornutus).
Pomacanthus Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1v, 1803, 517 (canescens, etc. ).

Zanclus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vir, 102, 1831 (cornutus).
Gonopterus Gronow, Cat. Fish., ed. Gray, 77, 1854 (merens) .

Gnathocentrum Guichenot, Ann. Maine et Loire, 1x, 1866, 4 (centrognathum; young).

1181. Zanclus canescens (Linneeus). Tifitifi; Galafa. Hawaii; Samoa: Papua; Waigiu; Woodlark
I.; East Indies; Revillagigedo Is.

Chetodon canescens Linneeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, 272, 1758, Indies; after Artedi, youn:

Pomacanthus canescens Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1v, 517, 1803.

Zanclus canescens Giinther, Cat., 11, 498, 1860. Bleeker, Atlas, 78, tab. v, fig. 8, 1877-8, Celebes, Amboina. Jordan &
Fowler, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 549, 1902, Misaki (Japan).

Chextodon cornutus Linneus, Syst. Nat., ed. xX, 273, 1758 after Artedi, adult. Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Iv, 473,
1803, pl. 2, fig. 1. Jordan & Evermann, Fish North and Mid, Amer., 11, 1687, 1898.

Zanclus cornutus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vil, 102, pl. CLXXvII, 1831. Bleeker, Atlas, 77, tab. Iv, figs.
1, 2, 1877-8, Sumatra, Java, Celebes, Ceram, New Guinea, Waigiu, etc.

Zanclus centrognathus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 528, 1831, near equator, 75 E.

Gonopterus merens Gronow, Cat. Fish., ed. Gray, 77, 1854, India.

Chetodon nudus Gronow, Cat. Fish., ed. Gray, 76, 1854, Mari indico.

Zanclus montrouzieri Thiolliére, in Montrouzier, Fauna Woodlark, 168, 1857, Woodlark I.

This species is everywhere common throughout the Pacific Ocean, from the off-shore islands of

Mexico to Hawaii and southern Japan. We have 20 examples from Apia and 3 from Pago Pago.

Family ACANTHURID.

HEPATUS Gronow, 1763.
( Teuthis Linnzeus, 1766; Harpurus Forster; Acronurus Gronow, 1854. )

1182. Hepatus achilles (Shaw). Pone Vumumu. Hawaii; Samoa; Marcus I.; Rarotonga and
Makatea (Seale).

This beautiful fish is rare about Samoa, as about Hawaii. We have two large specimens from
Pago Pago and one from Apia. The red tail-patch is very brilliant in life.

1188. Hepatus aliala (Lesson). Alamea samasama; Loata. Oualan; Samoa; New Guinea; Guam;
Clarion Is.

This well-marked species is not rare about Samoa. We have ten specimens from Apia and Pago
Pago. It is found:also on the off-shore islands of Mexico.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, called alamea samasama, olive-black; pure black in front;
dorsal dusky mottled olive with black and blue edge, and a bright yellow line at base, which widens
and covers most of last ray of dorsal; caudal drab gray with a pale violet-gray edge and a golden cres-
cent; spine golden; anal like dorsal in color; pectoral and ventral blackish, both edged with grayish
‘blue, edged in front with sky-blue; a whitish patch below eye and a white ring around throat behind
chin; edge of opercle light golden olive.

1184. Hepatus olivaceus (Bloch & Schneider). Tahiti; Paumotu Is.; Samoa; Palau Is.; Hawaii;
New Guinea; Fast Indies.

This species, easily recognized by the mark at the shoulder, is frequently taken about Hawaii and
Samoa. We have 5 examples from Samoa.

Color in life of a specimen from Apia, lemon-yellow, olive-shaded above; fins all yellow with dark
edgings; axil and tip of caudal bright orange-yellow; a blackish brown stripe on pectoral, extending
to its middle, without edging in young. Another specimen trom Apia was black, with orange-black
edged stripe, and a third was bright brownish yellow, the black stripe mesially bright orange.

1185. Hepatus pyriferus (Kittlitz). Ulea.

Acanthurus pyriferus Kittlitz, Senckenberg Museum, I, 193, taf. 12, fig. 2, 1834, Ulea. Gunther, Fische der Sudsee,
118.
Acanthurus armiger Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist, Nat. Poiss., x, 234, 1835.

This species is unknown to us.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 351

1186. Hepatus nigricans (Linnzeus). Uliuli maia; [Pu sina. Tahiti; Paumotu Is.; Samoa; Fiji;
Harvey Is.; Bougainville Is.; Gilbert Is.; New Guinea; East Indies.
Chexlodon nigricans Linneus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, 1758, Red Sea; after Artedi.
Chxtodon gahhm Forskal, Descr. Anim., 64, Red Sea.
Acanthurus gahm, Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 113, taf. 74, Tahiti, Paumotu, Samoa, Harvey Is., Bougainville Is.,
Gilbert Is. -

This widely distributed species is rather common about Samoa.- We have ten specimens. In all
the adult specimens the caudal fin has no white ring at base, being except for the pale crescent at tip
dark brown like the body. In one young example the caudal fin is abruptly gray.

The name Chxtodon nigricans, based on a fish from the Red Sea, dusky, with the caudal whitish,
could be no other species. Acanthurus doreénsis is probably the same, the anal rays miscounted.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia called wliuli maia, very dark olive; fins black; a black
oblong stripe or spot behind gill opening on level of eye extending about to middle of pectoral; this is
black, faintly and narrowly edged with pale blue; pectoral with a golden vertical stripe, behind which
the fin is colorless; caudal conspicuously edged with white; dorsal and anal with dark and light blue,
the streak very narrow, faint on dorsal; yentral reddish brown on inner rays; no white spot before
eye; lips dark; no caudal ring nor axil spot. |

A specimen from Pago Pago called 7’w sina, was black, with brownish shade; no streaks, but a
sanding of darker specks; a horizontal oblong black stripe or spot from angle of gill opening toward
near end of pectoral; fins all black, the anal narrowly edged with clear blue; dorsal more narrowly
edged with black; caudal very lunate, edged with white; pectoral with a bright yellow cross-bar.

1187. Hepatus doreensis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). New Guinea.
Acanthurus doreénsis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, 220, Dorey Harbor (New Guinea).

This species has the coloration of the young of Hepatus nigricans. It is said, however, to have but
20 soft rays in the anal fin, a number lower than in any other species. It is perhaps the young of
Hepatus nigricans, perhaps that of H. elongatus, a species in which the caudal shows usually a narrow
pale edge. It is, however, by Macleay recorded as a distinct species.

1188. Hepatus aterrimus (Giinther). Samoa.
Acanthurus aterrimus Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, 660, Savay. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 114, taf. 77, fig. B,
Savay.
This species, described from Samoa, was not seen by us., The deep body and the white crescent
on the caudal are the characteristic traits.

1189. Hepatus lineatus (Gmelin). Alogo. Tahiti; Samoa; Guam; New Guinea; Faté (Seale);
Zanzibar. ;
Chetodon lineatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1246, 1789, ‘‘America, Australis et India.”’
Acanthurus lineatus Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 111, taf. 70, Samoa, Tahiti, Zanzibar. Kner, Novara Fische, 210;
Tahiti. Streets, Bull. U. S.‘Nat. Mus., vir, 100, Samoa.
Teuthis lineatus Seale, Bishop Museum, 1901, 108, Guam.

This gaudily colored species is very common about Samoa. We have about 50 examples from the
reefs at Apia and Pago Pago.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, deep blue stripes, each with a pale median line, alternating
with golden stripes; belly livid blue, the breast golden, the region behind ventrals orange; two golden
and two vertical cross-stripes at base of tail; dorsal olive with pale blue stripes and blue edge; caudal
blackish with blue crescent; anal olive-green, pale blue at edge, orange at base; ventral orange, with
a deep blue edge; pectoral orange at base, dusky behind, with sky-blue spots.

1190. Hepatus dussumieri (Cuvier & Valenciennes). New Guinea; Hawaii; East Indies.

Acanthurus argenteus Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, 373, 1824, pl. 63, fig.5, Maui; larva, the species .uncertain,
nearest Teuthis dussumieri, perhaps T. matoides.

Acanthurus dussumieri Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, 201, 1835, Ile de France. Gutinther, Fische der
Siidsee, 112, taf. 72, Hawaii. Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1900, 493, Honolulu.

? Acanthurus lineolatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, 207, 1835, Indian Ocean.

This species is the commonest of its genus about the Hawaiian Islands. We did not find it at
Samoa.

3852 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

1191. Hepatus atramentatus Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii; Samoa; Laysan; Marcus I.; Tahiti.

Acanthurus lineolatus Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 112, taf. 73, fig. a, Tahiti; not of Cuvier & Valenciennes.
Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1900, 493, Honolulu.
Teuthis atramentatus (by misprint atrimentatus) Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., x x11, 1902 (1903), 198,
Hawaii. Snyder, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., xx1I, 1902 (1903), 5383, Laysan. Bryan & Herre, Bishop Museum
1908, 183, Marcus T.
Of this species, rather common at Hawaii, we found but one specimen in Samoa. The body is
striped with blue, as in Hepatus dussumieri, but there is an ink-like spot at the base of the last dorsal
and anal rays.

1192. Hepatus elongatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Unavau. Hawaii; Samoa; New Hebrides;

Palau; Tahiti; Marcus I.; Guam; Faté, and Tubuai (Seale).

Cixtodon elongatus Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1v, 471, pl. 6, fig. 2, 1803, Pacific Ocean.

Acanthurus nigroris Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, 208, 135, Hawaii.

Acanthurus bipunctatus Giinther, Cat., 111, 331, Sea of China, Fiji Is. Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1900,
494, Honolulu.

Acanthurus nigros Giinther, Cat., 111, 332, New Hebrides. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 110, New Hebrides, Palau,
Tahiti.

Teuthis bipunctatus Jordan & Fowler, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1901, 554, Riukiu Is., Kotosho, Formosa. Bryan & Herre,
Bishop Museum 1908, 134, Marcus I.

Teuthis mata Seale, Bishop Museum, 1901, 107, Guam; not of Cuvier & Valenciennes.

This species is common about Samoa, and also about Hawaii. It is often distinguishable by the
black blotch at base of soft dorsal and anal, but in dark colored examples, as most of ours are, this spot is
inseparable from the black ground-color of the fins. The body is very dark brown, without stripes.
Hepatus mata Cuyier & Valenciennes of India, has the same color but the profile is straight and not
so steep.

Of the various names given to fishes of this sort we have chosen as earliest the name elongatus of
Lacépéde. While his description amounts to little, and that of Cuvier & Valenciennes is scarcely
better, his figure represents this species, which differs from all others in being plain blackish brown
on body and fins, the black spot on last rays of dorsal and anal distinct only in paler specimens.

In this species the body is uniform brown; the caudal has usually a narrow pale edge and the
snout is usually dusky.

1193. Hepatus fuliginosus (Lesson). Oualan, or Strong I.
Acanthurus fuliginosus Lesson, Voy. Coquille, 11, 149, pl. 27, fig. 2, 1830, Oualan,
This species is said to have the lips blue, the body brownish with faint bluish streaks, and but 20
soft rays in the anal. We have not seen it. It may be identical with Hepatus elongatus.

1194. Hepatus bariene (Lesson). Waigiu.
Acanthurus bariene Lesson, Voy. Coquille, 11, 149, 1830, Waigiu.
Acanthurus nummifer Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, 234, 18385, Waigiu; same type.
1195. Hepatus celebicus (Bleeker). Tahiti; Solomon Is.; East Indies.
Acanthurus celebicus Bleeker, 1852, 761, Celebes, Ternate. Gtinther, Fische der Sidsee, 115, taf. 73, fig. B, Solomon
Is., Tahiti.
1196. Hepatus leucopareius (Jenkins). Hawaii.
Teuthis leucopareius Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., x X11, 1902 (1903), 476, fig. 28, Honolulu.

1197. Hepatus matoides (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Umelei. Hawaii; Samoa; Fiji; Oualan;

Bougainville I.; New Guinea; East Indies.

Acanthurus matoides Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 204, 1835, Oualan. Sauvage, Poiss, Madagascar,
340; same type. Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 835, Bougainville I.

Acanthurus annularis Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., X, 209, 1835, Ile de France.

Acanthurus blochii Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., X, 289, 1835, Ile de France, Seychelles.

Acanthurus canthopterus Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., x, 215, 1835, Seychelles.

Acanthurus lamarrii Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., X, 236, 1835, Tle de France.

Teuthis guntheri Jenkins, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., Xx11, 1902 (1903), 477, pl. 29, Hawaii.

This species is characterized by the pale ring at the base of the caudal, the body being plain brown
or nearly so, and the vertical fins with a few distinct stripes. Taking the account given by Sauvage
as authentic, we are unable to separate the species called wanthopterus, blochi, and guntheri from the
scantily described matoides.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 353

The species is common about Hawaii, and Samoaas well. We have about a dozen specimens from
Samoa from 2 to 10 inches in length. The largest, a little more elongate than shown in Jenkins’s fig-
ure, shows a very distinct bluish streak along base of dorsal. This, with the pale caudal band and the
yellow margin to the pectoral, are characteristic of this species.

Life colors of a young specimen from Apia, dusky olive, with very faint bluish horizontal streaks;
a whitish olive ring around caudal peduncle; dorsal and anal with faint blvish horizonal streaks; pec-
toral more or less pale.

1198. Hepatus bishopi (Bryan & Herre). Marcus I.
Teuthis bishopi Bryan & Herre, Bishop Museum 1903, 134, Marcus I.

This species is based on an adult example, very close to Hepatus matoides but probably distinct, as
the pectoral is without yellow and the dorsal and anal not striped. The profile is also somewhat
S-shaped.

1199. Hepatus umbra (Jenkins). Hawaii.
Teuthis umbra Jenkins, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., xx11, 1902 (1903),477, Honolulu.

This species is rather rare about Honolulu. It is very similar to Hepatus matoides, differing chiefly
in the absence of lines on the fins.

1200. Hepatus aquilinus Jordan & Seale, new species. Palagi samasama.

This species is allied to Hepatus matoides, but is much more elongate, with the profile more convex
than in any other species, the general form more distinctly elliptical. We have a single very large
specimen from Apia.

Fic. 66.—Hepatus aquilinus Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

Head 4 in length; depth 2.12; eye 5 in head; dorsal rx, 26; anal 1, 24; scales small, about 1.25
in lateral line; snout 1.25 in head; interorbital 2.85; spine on caudal peduncle fully a third greater
than width of orbit.

Body compressed, elevated, anterior profile rounded, slightly gibbous in front of eye; depth of
caudal peduncle 2.50 in head, the spine distinct, equal in length to about two-thirds of depth of
peduncle; mouth small; teeth flat, their margin toothed, 16 teeth in upper jaw, 21 in lower jaw; dis-
tance from tip of snout to origin of dorsal 2.55 in length without caudal; posterior margin of dorsal
rounded, its longest ray 2 in head; base of anal 2 in length without caudal, 1.45 in base of dorsal,
longest anal ray 2 in head; pectoral equal to head; ventral 1.25 in head; caudal deeply lunate, the
marginal rays being prolonged, longest outer ray 2.50 in length without caudal, middle ray 1.50 in head.

Color in life, purplish brown with some bluish shades on tail; very faint traces of stripes; dorsal
with four horizontal olive-bronze and gray stripes; anal with five and a dark edge; caudal very deeply
lunate; pectoral with posterior half golden; ventral dark olive; no black spot on dorsal or anal; caudal
dark, without pale edge; caudal peduncle dark; olive about eye, and a streak to snout.

354 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Color in spirits, uniform dark brown, shaded somewhat darker, almost black at tip of snout and
chin; base of caudal spine dusky; all the fins except pectoral dusky, almost black, darker than body
color; anterior two-thirds of pectoral dusky, posterior third yellowish white; no black spots at axil
of any fins; iris golden.

Type no. 51759, U. 8. National Museum, from Apia, length, 17 inches.

1201. Hepatus flavoguttatus (Kittlitz).

Acanthurus flavoguttatus Kittlitz, Senckenberg Museum, 195, 1834, Caroline Is.
Acanthurus kittlitzi Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 222, 1835, Caroline Is.

1202. Hepatus marginatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Caroline Is.
Acanthurus marginatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 221, 1835, Luganor, one of the Carolines.

1203. Hepatus triostegus (Linnzus). Manifi. Samoa; Tahiti; New Guinea; Fiji; Faté; Raro-
tonga and Nukahiva (Seale); East Indies.
Acanthurus zebra De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W., 1884, 447, Duke of York I.

This species is the most abundant of the genus about Samoa, swarming everywhere on the reefs.
The black bar through the pectoral does not descend much below the fin, the caudal mark is a vertical
bar or else two spots in a vertical line, and the adults have the white of the belly bounded above by
an undulating dark line.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia reef, called manifi, light olive, darker on back, silvery below;
bars black. This seems like sandwichensis, but lacks one cross-band and is very pale; only four bands
on sides.

1204. Hepatus sandvicensis (Streets). Hawaii; Johnston I.; off shore islands of Mexico.

Acanthurus triostegus sandvicensis Streets, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., vu, 67, 1877, Honolulu.
Acanthurus triostegus, Smith & Swain, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 188, Johnston I. Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss.
Wien, 1900, 493, Honolulu, Laysan.
Teuthis triostegus, Jordan & Evermann, Fishes North & Mid. Amer., 11, 1690 (description not synonymy), 1898, off-
shore islands of Mexico.
This is the most abundant species of the genus about Hawaii, where it replaces the closely allied
Hepatus triostegus. The differences, although slight, are constant.

1205. Hepatus guttatus (Forster). Moana; Aau. Tahiti; Hawaii; Samoa; New Hebrides; Kings-
mill I.; Palau; Guam; New Guinea.
Acanthurus guttatus Forster, in Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, 215. Gtinther, Fische der Stidsee, 109, taf. 69,
fig. A, New Hebrides, Tahiti, Samoa, Kingsmill I., Palau, Sandwich I. Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 110,
Guam.
This strongly marked species is common at Samoa, whence we have 20 specimens. At Hawaii it
is rather rare.
Life colors of aspecimen from Apia, called moana and- au, dark brownish olive, paler olive behind;
a whitish vertical bar above vent; spots on posterior parts white; caudal olive-yellow, blackish behind;
ventral bright yellow, dusky edged; pectoral dusky olive, paler above; no yellow; anal dull orange.

LARVAL FORMS OF HEPATUS.

Larval forms of Hepatus, constituting the supposed genus Acronurus of Gunther, abound in all
warm seas. In all cases, these are deep in body, with a large silvery area on the thorax, and with the
scales replaced by vertical striz. These forms can be identified only with great difficulty, and chiefly
by means of the count of fin-rays. The following have been described from the Pacific Ocean:

Acanthurus argenteus Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, 373, pl. 63, fig. 2, 1824, Maui. This is probably the young of
Hepatus dussumieri, possibly of Teuthis matoides.

Acanthurus striatus Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, 373, pl. 63, fig. 3, 1824, Guam. This is regarded by Giinther as
the young of Ctenochxtus strigosus (striatus), an identification which is probably correct. We have, however,
three different species of young fish, all haying the coloration ascribed to Acanthurus striatus, two of them
from Samoa and one fiom Tahiti. We can identify but one of them, the Ctenochxtus, which is, without much
doubt, the form originally named striatus by Quoy & Gaimard.

Acanthurus orbicularis Quoy & Gaimard, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 237, 1835,Guam. This can
not be identified.

Acanthurus brevispinus Giinther, Cat., 111, 346, 1861, from unknown locality; defies conjecture.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 3855

CTENOCHATUS Gill.

Ctenodon Swainson, Nat. Hist. Fish, 1, 256, 1839 (strigosus); name preoccupied.
Ctenochextus Gill, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1884, 277 (strigosus).

This genus contains species with slender movable teeth, each dilated at the apex.

1206. Ctenochetus striatus (Quoy & Gaimard). Palagi; Ponepone; Aau. Hawaii; Samoa; Anei-
teum; New Ireland; New Britain; New Guinea; Guam; Carolines; Tahiti; Raiatea; Faté;
Rarotonga; Tubuai and Shortland I. (Seale).

Acanthurus striatus Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, 373, 1824, Guam, larva.

Acanthurus strigosus Bennett, Zool. Journ., Iv, 1828, 41, Sandwich Is. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x,
243, 1835. Giinther, Cat., 111, 342,1861,Sandwich Is. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, ry, 116, taf. 79, figs. B and c, 1875,
Sandwich Is. Seale, Bishop Museum, 1901, 109, Guam. Peters, Berl. Mon., 1876, 885, New Britain.

Acanthurus (Ctenodon) strigosus, Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, Lxx, 1900, 494, Honolulu.

Acanthurus ctenodon Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 241, pl. 289, Caroline Is. Gunther, Cat., 111, 342,
Aneiteum, East Indies. Peters, 1. c., New Britain, New Ireland.

This species is generally common throughout Oceania. We found it abundant both at Hawaii
and Samoa. The faint spots about the head and the faint streaks along the sides disappear in spirits.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, called palagi, blackish brown, unmarked; dorsal with very
faint horizontal streaks of bluish and bronze; anal very obscurely marked in the same way; caudal
deeply forked; no stripes on body.

Another specimen was exactly like Hepatus atramentatus, but the profile of the head was much
more convex; many wavy blue and bronze stripes on a blackish ground.

COLOCOPUS Gill.

Colocopus Gill, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1884, 279 (lambdurus).
This genus differed from Hepatus in having but two or three soft rays in the ventral fins.

1207. Colocopus lambdurus Gill. New Britain; Kingsmill I.; New Guinea (Macleay); Mauritius.

Acanthurus hepatus Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 115, taf. 75; not Teuthis hepatus Linnzus, which name properly
belongs to the American species usually known as ceruleus. Peters, Berl. Mon. 1877, 885, New Britain.
Colocopus lambdurus Gill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 279 (after Ginther), Kingsmill I., Mauritius.

ZEBRASOMA Swainson.

Zebrasoma Swainson, Nat. Hist. Anim., 11, 256, 1839 (velifer).
Scopas Kner, Novara Fische, 1865, 212 (scopas).

This genus differs from Hepatus in the short spinous dorsal of 4 or 5 graduated spines; soft dorsal
high; snout short, projecting at an angle.

1208. Zebrasoma flavescens (Bennett). Samasama. Hawaii; Marcus I.; Guam; New Guinea
(Macleay).
Acanthurus flavescens Bennett, Zool. Journ., 1v, 1828, 40, Hawaii.
Zebrasoma flavescens, Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1900, 493, Honolulu, Bryan & Herre, Bishop Museum,
1903, 234, Marcus I.
Acanthurus virgatus Vaillant & Sauvage, Ann. Sci. Nat., 1875, 283, Honolulu.
Acanthurus agana Seale, Bishop Museum, 1901, 110, Guam.

This species is rather common about the Hawaiian Islands, and is reported from Guam under the
name of Zebrasoma agana. Zebrasoma virgatum must be the young of this species, with blue spots on
the head and brown blue streaks and pale cross-shades on the body. The description differs from
Zebrasoma flavescens as the young of Zebrasoma rhombeum differs from the adult.

This species apparently agrees with Zebrasoma rhombeum in all respects except color. Were it not
for its geographical. separation we should follow Giinther in uniting rhombeum with flavescens. The
two are in fact probably the same species, the name flavescens being the older.

1209. Zebrasoma rhombeum (Kittlitz). liu; Ali palagi. Samoa; Ulea; Fiji; Aneiteum; East
Indies.

Acanthurus rhombeus Kittlitz, Senckenberg Museum, I, 1834, 196, pl. x11, fig. 16.

Acanthurus scopas Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 245, pl. ccxc, 1885, Ie de France, Ulea. Bleeker,
Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1851, 348. Guichenot, Sagra Hist. Cuba, 122, 1851, Cuba by error. Giinther, Cat., rm, 342
1861, Ceram, Sandwich Is., Aneiteum.

Acanthurus allivelis Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., X, 249, 1585, Ile de France,

Acanthurus goramensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., X, 1835, Goram, young.

856 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

This species ranges widely through the East Indies. We have 50 specimens from Apia and
Pago Pago. The yellow form, called flavescens, we did not find in Samoa. The two forms, flavescens
and rhombeum, are without much doubt color variations of one dichromatic species.

Life colors were noted in various specimens as follows:

(1) Specimen from Apia, called i/iu. Dark olive, somewhat clouded (a curved light blue streak
behind the eye, parallel with the golden iris, in young only); everywhere fine oblong light blue spots,
smaller and sharply defined on side of head, not evident on snout nor along the back; larger below
and behind; fins all plain olive-black, the pectoral lighter olive; caudal spine bluish white; a short
oblique streak of light olive above pectoral.

(2) An older example with light blue wavy streaks on body, not spots; streak above pectoral
light yellow and very conspicuous; no blue behind eye; pectoral scarcely olive.

(3) From Apia. Dark brown, grayish behind, with about 20 fine bluish white cross-streaks; a
whitish lateral streak above pectoral; fins all dusky. Larger ones more sharply colored.

(4) From Pago Pago. Posterior half of body fuliginous, darkest behind and merging anteriorly
into yellow-green with fine pale blue specks; olive-green above eyes; iris yellow.

(5) From Apia. Blackish; faint bluish horizontal lines over body as in Hepatus lineolatus; a
yellowish white short band above pectoral; head unspotted; fins dark.

(6) Specimen from Pago Pago, called i/iv. Blackish brown; head, breast, and shoulders every-
where covered with fine bluish white dots; body with horizontal wavy stripes of the same color, on a
bronze-brown ground; fins dusky olive, unstriped; dorsal, anal, and caudal with a fine paler edge;
pectoral dark orange, dusky above and below; a long whitish stripe above pectoral.

(7) One specimen was almost black, the spots very distinct, the stripes mostly obsolete; the
yellowish white line reduced to a round bright yellow spot near gill-opening, wanting on the other
side; iris pink red, not gray as usual.

1210. Zebrasoma rostratum (Gunther). Ali. Tahiti; Samoa.
Acanthurus rostratus Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 117, taf. 66, fig. B, Tahiti.

This species is close to Zebrasoma rhombeum, but the snout is longer, the fins rather higher, and
the color almost black. We have two examples from Apia, a little smaller than Giinther’s type, and
with the body deeper.

Life colors of a specimen called i/iu, black, with brownish tinge; snout reticulate; a vertical bar
behind pectoral golden olive, with blue cross streaks; a similar bar from beginning of dorsal across
opercle and obliquely across breast; five blue stripes and four olive between; below pectoral obscurely
reticulate, with bluish around dull olive spots; fins uncolored; caudal with narrow pale edge; caudal
spine black, as are all fins. 7

1211. Zebrasoma veliferum (Bloch). Lupo. Hawaii; Samoa; Fiji; East Indies.
Acanthurus velifer Bloch, 1x, 106, taf. 427, fig. 1, 1788.
Acanthurus blochit Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1835, 207.
Acanthurus hypselopterus Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., v1, 1854, 313, Flores. Gitinther, Fische der Stidsee, 1875, 117,
Fiji Is. Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, Lxx, 1900, 494, pl. Iv, fig. 1, Honolulu.
Zebrasoma hypselopterum Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., Xx11, 1902 (1908), 479, Honolulu. Snyder, Bull. U. S.
Fish Comm., X X11, 1902 (1904), 583, Honolulu.

This species is rather common about Samoa, whence we secured four examples. It is even more
frequent about Honolulu. Our largest example, about a foot long, corresponds very closely to Bloch’s
figure of velifer. The caudal is dark, and the body is crossed by many dark cross-streaks, which cross six
or seven obscure dark cross-shades, the most distinct being the ocular and scapular bands. In younger
examples the cross-streaks are fainter, and in still younger they are wanting. The face is spotted with
pale and the six or seven dark cross-bands become more distinct. This form from 4 to 8 inches long
represents hypselopterum. Still younger forms have the snout and caudal yellow. We have none
which correspond exactly either to desjardinii or to ruppellii.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, violet-black with four distinct yellowish cross-bands
(grayish in formalin); these and rest of body crossed by regular dark bronze streaks; broad black
ocular band reaching base of ventrals; head before it with network of bluish white spots; another dark
area from base of dorsal to front of anal; fins blackish; caudal with narrow pale edge; breast unspotted.

A specimen from Apia, called /upo, had the snout and forehead dark yellow; ocular streak black

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. B57

edged with gray; then a broader black band edged with gray; then four brown bands, yellow between,
then the caudal peduncle black, the pale stripe before it narrow; tail yellow, grayish behind, thus
seven dark bands; dorsal and anal dusky deep yellow, the dorsal with some spots behind; ventral

golden.
ACANTHURUS Forskal.

(Monoceros, Naso, and Naseus of authors.)

1212. Acanthurus unicornis (Forskaél). J/i’ilia segi; Ume; Umelei. Hawaii; Samoa; Aneiteum;
Guam; Tahiti; Waigiu; New Guinea; Raiatea (Seale); East Indies; Japan.

This species, widely diffused through the tropical Pacific and varying excessively at various stages
of growth, is common about Hawaii. At Samoa we found it rather scarce, but four specimens being
obtained. The caudal spines are bluish ona pale ground, while those of Acanthurus lituratus are orange.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, dark olive, brownish below, paler on tail; spines clear blue;
dorsal light brown, with light bluish spots and a dark edge; caudal dusky, paler behind; anal clear
orange-brown, with a row of pale blue spots at base, then two pale bluish stripes and a whitish edge;
pectoral and ventral mottled orange-gray.

Another specimen from Apia was grayish black, the spines dark blue; caudal peduncle brown,
paler; dorsal light orange, with oblique bluish streaks; caudal gray; anal light orange, with horizontal
bluish streaks; head, pectoral and yentral gray.

1218. Acanthurus brevirostris (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii; Tahiti; Kingsmill I., New
Guinea; Ile de France.

Naseus brevirostris Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, 277, pl. 291, 1835, East Indies, Ile de France, New
Guinea. Giinther, Cat., 111, 349, 1861. Gtinther, Fische der Siidsee, 121, taf. 79, fig. A, 1875, Kingsmill I., Tahiti.

Acanthurus brevirostris Jenkins, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., xxu, 1902 (1903), 481, Honolulu. Snyder, Bull. U.S. Fish
Comm., XXII, 1902 (1904), 584, Honolulu.

This species, rather common about Hawaii, was uot found in Samoa.

1214. Acanthurus incipiens Jenkins. Hawaii; Samoa.
Acanthurus incipiens Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., x x11, 1902 (1903), 480, Honolulu.

Two specimens were seen at Samoa, similar in form to Jenkins’s type. One of these is plain
blackish, the other covered with blue spots. The caudal fin in both is blackish. This fin is largely
yellow in Acanthurus brevirostris, otherwise we might regard Acanthurus incipiens as the young of that
species. It is apparently an immature form.

Life colors of one specimen from Apia, black, with a brownish shade; upper parts with small
rounded spots of deep violet-blue; belly paler, slaty; lips blue; a blue streak below eye; dorsal dark
brown, slightly bluish on spines, dusky on edge; ventral dark brown, paler behind, the edge blackish;
anal dark brown with two dark blue streaks and a dusky edge; ventral and pectoral dark brown;
caudal black with a faint trace of a pale edge. No trace of horn or of spines on tail. Length, 6 inches.

1215. Acanthurus annulatus (Quoy « Gaimard). Tonga; Palau; Aneiteum; Fiji; Guam.

Priodon annulatus Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, 377, 1824, Polynesia, young. Seale, Bishop Museum, 1901, 113,
Guam.

Naseus marginatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 280, 1835, Tonga; not Acanthurus marginatus Kittlitz.
Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 122, Palau, Aneiteum. Y

Monoceros marginatus Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 114, Guam.

Priodon annularis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 302, pl. 294, 1835, Guam, young.

1216. Acanthurus tuberosus Lacépéde. Guam; Aneiteum; New Guinea; Mauritin:

Naso tuberosus Lacépede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 111, 111, 1802, Ne de France.

Naseus tuberosus, Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 123, Aneiteum, Ceylon, Zanzibar, Mauritius.

Acanthurus nasus Shaw, Gen. Zool., v, 376, pl. 51, 1803, Ile de France.

Naseus carolinaruma Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, 3/5, pl. 63, fig. 1, 1824, Guam.

Naseus tuber Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 290, 1835, Ile de France.

Naseus tonganus Quoy & Gaimard, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 292, 1835, Tonga; specimen
immaculate.

Naseus punctulatus Steindachner, 1874.

This species we have not seen. It is probably rare in Polynesia.

a This species, marked by green blotches, is imperfectly described, and has not been recognized by recent authors. It
is perhaps nearest Acanthurus tuberosus.

358 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

1217. Acanthurus metoposophron (Jenkins). Hawaii.

Callicanthus metoposophron, Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., x x11, 1902 (1903), 481, fig. 31, Honolulu.

1218. Acanthurus vlamingi (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Marshall Is.; Aneiteum; East Indies.

Naseus vlamingi Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 293, 1885, Moluccas. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee,
123, Ebon, Marshall Is., Aneiteum, Ceram. Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 198, South Seas.

1219. Acanthuruslituratus (Forster). Jli’ilia; Umelei; Ume. Tahiti; Hawaii; Samoa; Johnston L.;
Guam; New Guinea; East Indies.

Acanthurus lituratus Forster, in Bloch & Scbneider, Syst. Ich. 1801, 218, Tahiti.

Harpurus lituratus Forster, Descr. Anim., 218, 1844, Tahiti.

Naseus lituratus, Ginther, Fische der Stidsee, 124 (with plate representing ‘“‘ garretti’’), Sandwich Is., Tahiti,
Red Sea.

Monoceros lituratus Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 112, Guam.

Aspisurus elegans Riippell, Atlas, Fische, 61, tab. xv1, fig. 2, 1828, Red Sea.

Prionurus eoume Lesson, Voy. Coquille, 11, 151, 1830, Tahiti.

Naseus lituratus Smith & Swain, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 139, Johnston I. Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien
1900, 495, Honolulu.

? Monocerus garretti Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 112, Guam,

This species is common at Samoa, as about Hawaii. In both places, and almost equally abundant,
occurs the form described as Monoceros garretti. The only permanent difference seems to be this—in
the true lituratus there is a line of clear blue along the base of the dorsal, and in garretti, eld and
young, this is wanting. As we find no other difference, the senior author is very doubtiul as to whether
Acanthurus garretli is a valid species.

Life colors were noted in various specimens as follows:

(1) Specimen from Apia called ume. Dark olive, brownish below, paler on tail; spines clear
blue; dorsal light brown, with light bluish spots and a dark edge; caudal dusky paler behind; anal clear
orange-brown, with a row of pale blue spots at base, then two pale bluish stripes and a whitish edge;
pectoral and ventral mottled orange-gray.

(2) From Apia (young of preceding?). Dusky olive; belly yellowish brown; lips yellowish brown;
a blue streak along base of dorsal, which is black except for a long white stripe; caudal dark olive,
edged with greenish, then white; anal dull orange, edged with black; two anal spines dull orange;
ventral dull orange.

(8) Specimen called wmelei, wme, also from Apia. Grayish black, the spines dark blue; caudal
peduncle brown, paler; dorsal light orange with oblique bluish streaks; caudal gray; anal light orange,
with horizontal bluish streaks; head, pectoral, and ventral gray.

(4) Specimen from Apia called wmelei. Dusky grayish, yellowish above eye; a bluish streak
along base of dorsal; caudal whitish behind; dorsal and anal deep maroon red and dusky.

(5) Specimen called il’ iltia. Black, brownish tinged; dorsal black, a pale blue streak at base, the
edge gray with black margin and a row of bluish spots; spines orange; caudal black, with broad
white edge; anal orange, black and white on margin, olive green at base; ventral olive orange; pectoral
black; lips brown, a light yellow-brown streak from eye.

1220. Acanthurus garretti (Seale). Guam; Hawaii; Samoa.
Monoceros garretti Seale, Bishop Museum, 1901, 112, Guam.

This species, if such it be, is distinguished from .canthurus lituratus by the absence of a blue line
along the base of the dorsal and by the yellow spots on caudal peduncle separated by sharply defined
black area. It is found at Hawaii and Samoa with Acanthurus lituratus. It is represented in Gtinther’s
plate of Naseus lituratus in Fische der Stidsee. It is probably a color variation of Acanthurus lituratus—
a view not shared by the junior author, however.

AXINURUS Cuvier & Valenciennes,

1221. Axinurus thynnoides Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Guinea; East Indies.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 359

Family SIGANIDA.

SIGANUS Forskal. Lo.

1222. Siganus marmoratus (Quoy & Gaimard). Lo pa’wulu. Samoa; Fiji; Guam; New Hanover;
New Britain; Tahiti; East Indies.
Amphacanthus marmoratus Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, Zool., 367, 1824, Guam.
Teuthis marmoratus Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 93, Caroline Is. Peters, Berl. Mon., 1876, 835, Amboina, New Han-
over, New Britain.
Siganas marmoratus Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 111, Guam.
Amphacanthus guamensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 163, 1835, Guam,
Amphacanthus scaroides Bleeker, Nat. Tijds., 853, 262, East Indies.
Teuthis striolata Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, taf. L1x, fig. A (not description), Samoa, Tahiti.

This species is very common about Samoa. We have 40 specimens from Apia and Pago Pago.

It is possible that the specimens called Teuthis striolata by Glnther, from Samoa, belong to this
species, which is very close to Siganus striolatus, the body a little deeper than in the latter. Giinther’s
figure of striolatus is much like Siganus marmoratus except that the body in the latter is deeper and the
fins more sharply banded. In the type of striolatus the fins are said to be immaculate.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia called lo, olive green aboye, livid gray below; vermiculations
of bluish gray around dark olive; fins similar, browner, also vermiculated or blotched.

1228. Siganus nebuiosus (Quoy & Gaimard). (Guam; East Indies.
Amphacanthus nebulosus Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, 1824, 369, Timor, Guam, Port Jackson.

Amphacanthus maculosus Quoy & Gaimard, op. cit., 370.

This mottled species we have not seen, and it may not belong to the South Seas. Probably the
specimens from Guam belong to Siganus marmoratus.

1224. Siganus striolatus (Giinther). Samoa (Gtinther); New Hebrides; Solomon Is.; Tonga;
Tahiti; Raiatea (Seale).

Teuthis striolata Giinther, Cat., 111, 319, 1861, New Hebrides. Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 89, New Hebrides,
Solomon Is., Samoa, Tonga, Tahiti.

This species is unknown to us.

1225. Siganus concatenatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Kusai; Palau Is.; East Indies.

Amphacanthus concatenatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, 127, 1835, Buru, Java.
Teuthis concatenatus, Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 88, Palau Is., East Indies. Giinther, Challenger, Shore Fishes,
46, 1880, Admiralty Is.

Not found in Samoa. We have a specimen from Kusai, Caroline Islands, collected by Mr. A. P.
Lundin.
1226. Siganus vermiculatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Admiralty Is.; New Guinea; Shortland I.
(Seale); East Indies.

Amphacanthus vermiculatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 126, 1835, New Guinea, Java, Ile de France.
Teuthis vermiculatus, Giinther, Challenger, Shore Fishes, 1880, 46, Admiralty Is.

1227. Siganus puellus (Schlegel). Apamana; Gilbert Is.; Palau Is.; East Indies.
Amphacanthus puellus Schlegel, Bydr., 1852, 39, East Indies.
Teuthis puellus, Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 91, Apamana, Palau.
1228. Siganus doliatus (Cuvier). Vanicolo; Fiji; Ponape; Palau Is.; New Hebrides; New Britain;
Raiatea (Seale); East Indies.

Amphacanthus doliatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 132, 1835, Buru, Vanicolo.
Teuthis doliatus, Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 96, New Hebrides, Fiji, Palau, Ponape. Kner, Novara Fische, 209,
Ponape. Peters, Berl, Mon., 1876, 835, New Britain.

1229. Siganus lineatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). VYanicolo; New Guinea.

360 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

1230. Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn). Palau Is.; Howland I. (Gtinther); Marcus I. (Bryan &
Herre) ; Japan.
Siganus doliatus Cuvier, Regne Animal.
Centrogaster fuscescens Houttuyn, Mem de Haerl., xX, 333, Nagasaki.
Amphacanthus albopunctatus Schlegel.
This species, characteristic of southern Japan, is recorded from the South Seas, but was not found
by us.

1231. Siganus argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard). Guam.
Amphacanthus argenteus Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, Zool., 368, 1824, Guam.
Teuthis argentea Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 90, locality unknown.
1232. Siganus canaliculatus (Park). Vanicolo; New Britain; East Indies.
Chetodon canaliculatus Mungo Park, Trans. Linn. Soc., 11, 1797, 478, Sumatra.
Amphacanthus margaritiferus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 145, 1835, Amboina, Vanicolo.
Teuthis margaritiferus, Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 835, New Britain. Gtinther, Challenger Shore Fishes, 46, 1880,
Admiralty Is.
12338. Siganus vitianus (Sauvage). Fiji.
Teuthis vitianus Sauvage, Bull. Phil. Soc., v1, 178; Fiji.

1234. Siganus oligostictus (Kner). Fiji.
Teuthis oligostictus Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1868, 30, Fiji.

1235. Siganus punctatus (Bloch & Schneider). Lo ’ele’ele. Tonga; New Caledonia; Guam; Fiji;
Samoa; East Indies.
Amphacanthus punctatus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, 210, Pacific Ocean (Tonga, New Caledonia).
Siganas hexagonatus Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., vi, 1854, 41, East Indies. Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 111, 11,
Guam.
Teuthis hexagonata, Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 80, Fiji, Samoa.

This species is abundant at Samoa. We have about 10 specimens from Apia and Pago Pago.
This is certainly the species called hexagonatus by Bleeker, and it is without much doubt the punctatus
of Bloch and Schneider, as Forster’s notes, copied by Schneider, indicate a compressed species with
small yellow spots on a bluish ground. Kner (Novara Fische) records some similar species as
Amphacanthus guttatus Bloch from Java and Ponape, but the Amphacanthus guttatus of Bloch and
Schneider is another species of Siganus.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia called elieli, deep dusky blue, the color forming a-network
around bronze orange spots; vertical fins marked in like fashion, but duller; pectoral olive; ventral
blackish gray. Body deeper than in Siganus rostratus.

12836. Siganus rostratus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Palau; Tahiti; Guam; Samoa; Gilbert Is.;
Raiatea; Tubuai; Fate and Shortland I. (Seale); Zanzibar.

Amphacanthus rostratus (Cuvier & Valenciennes), Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, 158, 1835, Red Sea,
Teuthis rostratus Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 89, with plate, Palau, Tahiti, Gilbert Is., Zanzibar.
Siganus rostratus, Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 112, Guam.

This species is colored very much like Siganus punctatus, but the body is more elongate, the
caudal fin still more deeply forked. We have four large specimens from Apia.

Life colors of one of these, sky-blue, dark above, vermiculated with golden; dorsal mottled olive;
caudal dusky, paler behind; anal dusky; ventral gray, barred with dark olive; pectoral golden.

1237. Siganus corallinus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Palau Is.; East Indies.

Amphacanthus corallinus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xX, 139, 1835, Seychelles, East Indies.
Teuthis corallinus, Giimther, Fische der Stidsee, 88, Palau.

1238. Siganus studeri (Peters). New Britain.
Teuthis studeri Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 834, New Britain.
LO Seale, new genus,

Lo Seale, new genus of Siganide (type Amphacanthus vulpinus Schlegel & Miiller),

This genus is defined by the short tubular snout. Jo is the vernacular name applied to ail the
Siganidx in Samoa.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 3861

1239. Lo vulpinus (Schlegel & Miller). Solomon Is.; Palau Is.; Alu, Solomon Is. (Seale); East
Indies.
Amphacanthus vulpinus Schlegel & Miiller, Bydr. Dierk., v, 1852, 38, East Indies.
Teuthis vulpinus, Giinther, Fische den Siidsee, 91, Solomon Is., Palau Is.

This species, distinguished by the deep body, the slender elongate snout, and the peculiar colora-
tion, is known to us from one specimen, brought by Mr. Seale from Alu, one of the Solomon Islands.
We present a figure taken from this specimen, together with Mr. Seale’s notes upon it.

Head 3.3 in length; depth 2.2; eye 4 in head; interorbital equal to eye; snout 2 in head; scales
minute; dorsal x11, 10; anal vi, 9; ventral 1-3-1.

Body compressed, snout produced, mouth small; a single row of small flat teeth fixed in each jaw,
12 on each side; opercle striate; none of the dorsal or anal spines greatly elongate; the dorsal spines,
excepting the short anterior one, of about equal length, the longest 2 in head; anal spines similar, the
longest 2; soft rays of dorsal, 1.75; ventral 1.4; caudal emarginate, the lobes rounded; caudal
peduncle short, its depth equal to eye.

Fic. 67.—Lo vulpinus (Schlegel & Miiller).

Color in life, light bister brown; thorax and first ray of pectoral deep black; head and shoulders
a deeper brown than the body; caudal, dorsal, and anal orange; spines of ventral and the first ray
dusky; pectoral yellowish, with a slight dusky wash.

Color in spirits, dull grayish brown, thorax and head much darker; anterior ray of pectoral black;
fins yellowish white.

One specimen (no. 1325 Bishop Museum) from Alu, one of the Solomon Islands, length, 7
inches.

Family BALISTID.

BALISTES (Artedi) Linneus. Sumu.

1240. Balistes vidua Richardson. Sumu pa’epwe mumu; Sumu ?u mumu. Hawaii; Samoa;
Nukahiva (Seale).

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago called swinu pa’ epa’e mumu, body dark smoky, paling a
little below; pectoral canary-yellow with black edge; dorsal white with black margin; anal same;
caudal Chinese white at base, the rest scarlet.

B. B. F. 1905—24

862 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

1241. Balistes castaneus Richardson. Pacific; west coast of Mexico.
Balistes castaneus Richardson, Voy. Sulphur, 126, pl. 59, figs. 5,6, Pacific, locality unkown. Regan, Ann. Nat. Hist.
1902, 297, Pacific, same specimen.
Balistes polylepis Steindachner, Ich. Beitr., v, 21, 1876, Magdalena Bay, Mazatlan, Acapulco. Jordan &
Evermann, Fishes North & Mid. Amer., I1, 1700, 1898, Lower California, Panama.

According to Regan’s account this is a true Balistes, and agrees very closely with Balistes polylepis
Steindachner, a species common from Cerros Island to Panama. We have also a specimen from San
Diego. Richardson’s specimens probably came from the Panama region, and it is likely that the
species does not belong to the Polynesian fauna at all.

1242. Balistes capistratus Shaw. Hawaii; Nukahiva (Seale); East Indies.

1248. Balistes niger Bonnaterre. New Guinea; East Indies.
(Balistes conspicillum Bloch & Schneider. )

1244. Balistes bursa Bloch & Schneider. Hawaii; Nukahiva (Seale); East Indies.
1245. Balistes viridescens Bloch & Schneider. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

1246. Balistes nycteris Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii. :

1247. Balistes chrysopterus Bloch & Schneider. Sumu paepa’e. Samoa; Aneiteum; Micronesia;
New Britain; Faté (Seale).

Balistes niger Mungo Park, Trans. Linn. Soc., 111, 37,1791, Sumatra; not of Bonnaterre, 1788, which is Balistes
niger = Balistes conspicillum. Giinther, Cat., VIII, 218, Red Sea, Mauritius, Ceylon, Sumatra, Amboina, Aneiteum,
Micronesia, Zanzibar. Day, Fish Ind., 688, pl. 181, fig. 1, Malaysia. Peters, Berl. fon. 1876, 852; New Britain.

Balistes armé Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., I, 336, 382, 1798.

Balistes chrysopterus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 466, 1801, Coromandel.

Balistes mungopark Lacépéde, Hist. Nat., Poiss., Iv, 682, 1803; after Park.

Balistes subarmatus Gray & Hardwicke, Ill. Ind. Zool., India.

Balistes albicaudatus Ruppell, Neue Wirbelthiere, 54, Xv1, fig. 1, 1885, Red Sea.

Balistes verrucosus Gronow, Syst., ed. Gray, 33, 1854; not of Bonnaterre.

Balistes armatus, Bleeker, Atlas, v, 115, tab. ccxvi, East Indies; name after Lacépéde.

Of this East Indian species we obtained two specimens at Samoa, where it is apparently. rare.
Life colors of a specimen from Apia called pae pae, olive-gray, without color, whitish about jaws; a
whitish band across lower jaw, another across chin, the latter extending backward across lower part
of cheek; caudal gray with a blackish cross-streak and a white crescent at edge.

1248. Balistes fuscolineatus Seale. Hawaii.

1249. Balistes fuscus Bloch & Schneider. Fiji (Gtinther); Tahiti (Seale); New Guinea (Macleay);
East Indies.

1250. Balistes flavomarginatus Rtppell. Sumwu laolao. Samoa; New Britain (Peters); New
Guinea (Macleay); Shortland I. (Seale); East Indies; Japan.

A single large specimen of this East Indian species was taken at Apia. It agrees closely with
Bleeker’s figure. According to Dr. Peters, this is the Balistes brasiliensis of Bloch and Schneider. The
description of Schneider agrees fairly, but it is confused with some of the American species and pur-
ports to be drawn from an American specimen.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia called sumu laolao, light olive-green, the head abruptly creamy
reddish brown, sides with many blackish spots covering or partly covering individual scales; back
more brownish; first dorsal brownish with dusky membrane; second dorsal dusky brownish at base
with orange-brown edge; anal same; caudal orange-brown, deeper on edges and margin with a dusky
crescent; pectoral pale orange; naked ‘‘grooves’’ on cheek raised, reddish brown, the scaly stripes
darker.

BALISTAPUS Tilesius.
1251. Balistapus aculeatus (Linneus). Sumu uliuli. Hawaii; Samoa; Johnston I.; Fiji; Guam;
New Guinea; Marcus I.; New Ireland; East Indies.
Monacanthus chiverti Alleyne & Macleay, Proc. Linn, Soe. N.S. W., 1876, 355, New Guinea.
Balistes aculeatus Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1900, 517, Samoa, Laysan. Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 852, New

Ireland. Swain & Smith, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., v, 1882, 139, Johnston I. Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 115, Guam.
Bryan & Herre, Bishop Museum 1903, 185, Marcus I.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 3638

This handsome species is generally common at Honolulu and Samoa, thence throughout the
South Seas and East Indies.

1252. Balistapus rectangulus (Bloch & Schneider). Suimu pulepule. Hawaii; Guam; Marcus I.;
Samoa; New Guinea; Faté and Nukuhiva (Seale).
This pretty species is rather common about Hawaii, thence through the South Seas and Kast
Indies. We have a few specimens from Samoa.

1253. Balistapus undulatus (Bloch & Schneider). Swmwuli. Samoa; New Britain; New Guinea;
New Hanover; Guam; Tahiti; Shortland I., Faté and Raiatea (Seale); East Indies.

Of this common East Indian species we have about a hundred specimens from the reefs of Samoa,
where it is very abundant. It was not seen at Honolulu.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia called sumu uli, deep livid olive green, shaded on back and
head; stripes anteriorly, scarlet on chin, yellow on lower lip; body covered by oblique stripes running
forward and backward; brassy orange on head; violet streaks on snout and side of head; golden brown
stripes on side; first dorsal golden, with blue spots; second dorsal golden, orange at base, violet blue
lower, the membranes bluish; caudal centrally yellow-orange, with violet stripes on margin; anal like
dorsal; a black patch on caudal peduncle; pectoral scarlet, black at base, pale at tip.

1254. Balistapus oire (Bennett). Raiatea; Tahiti.

Balistes oire Bennett, Whaling Voyage, 11, 262, 1840, Raiatea, Tahiti.
1255. Balistapus papuensis (Macleay). New Guinea.
S. W. 1884, 279.

Balistes papuensis Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.

1256. Balistapus verrucosus (Linnieus). New Ireland; New Guinea; Shortland I. (Seale); East

Indies.
CANTHIDERMIS Swainson.

1257. Canthidermis rotundatus (Procé). South Seas?; Philippines; East Indies.

1258. Canthidermis angulosus (Quoy & Gaimard). Hawaii(Quoy & Gaimard); Laysan; Galapagos
Is. (Snodgrass & Heller); East Indies.
Balistes angulosus Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, Zool. 210, 1821, Maui. (Dorsal 23, anal 20. Color black, fins high.)
Balistes aureolus, Richardson, Voy. Sulphur, Fishes, 126, pl. 59, fig. 1, 2, East Indies. Gunther, Cat., vii, 215, 1870,
young, East Indies. Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1900, 517, Laysan.

Of this species we know the published descriptions only, and these do not distinguish it from
Canthidermis rotundatus. Balistes awreolus, from the East Indies, based on young examples, is said to
differ from Canthidermis rotundatus in the larger scales. Balistes willughbei Bennett from Mazatlan
and Balistes adspersus Tehudi from Peru belong in this neighborhood.

Tn all our explorations we have taken no species of Canthidermis in the Pacific.

XANTHICHTHYS Richardson.

1259. Xanthichthys lineopunctatus (Hollard). Hawaii; Revillagigedo Is.; Bourbon I.
(Xanthichthys mento Jordan & Gilbert.)

This species, not rare in rather deep water about volcanic rocks in the neighborhood of Hawaii,
was not seen in Samoa. It occurs among the Revillagigedo Islands off the coast of Mexico, and at
Laysan. The West Indian species, Vanthichthys ringens, is probably different, but the species called
Balistes lineopunctatus by Hollard, based on an example from Bourbon Island, is apparently the
Hawaii-Mexican species.

1260. Kanthichthys rivulatus (Riippell). Faté, New Hebrides (Seale); Red Sea.
MELICHTHYS Swainson.

1261. Melichthys radula Richardson. Hawaii; Marcus I.; Johnston I.; Laysan; offshore islands
of Mexico.

(Melichthys bispinosus Gilbert.)

364 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

ABALISTES Jordan & Seale, new generic name.

Abalistes Jordan & Seale, new generic name in Balistidex (stellaris).
Leiurus Swainson, Nat. Hist. Fish., 11, 326, 1839 (L. macrophthalmus); not of Swainson, op. cit.,
242, which is Gasterosteus.
This strongly marked genus is known at once by the depressed tail. The name Leiurus, first used
for a stickleback, is not available for it.

1262. Abalistes stellaris (Bloch & Schneider). Fiji (Giinther), Louisiades (Gtinther); Australia;
East Indies.

Family MONACANTHIDA.

CANTHERINES Swainson.

1268. Cantherines sandwichensis (Quoy & Gaimard). Aimeo. Hawaii; Samoa; Guam (Seale);
East Indies; Clarion I.

Of this species,’common at Hawaii and on the offshore islands of Mexico, we have three speci-
mens from Apia and’ one from Pago Pago. All specimens from Hawaii and Mexico and Samoa are
uniformly dark colored, none showing the network of pale lines about dark spots characteristic of the
East Indian variety called pardalis. Of the Samoan species, one is covered with a network of brown
lines arranged honeycomb fashion, while the others are piain. The West Indian species Cantherines
pullus is very similar to Cantherines sandwichensis. In any event the last-mentioned name must stand,
being prior to all others.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, rich purple-black, unmarked; pectoral, second dorsal, and
anal golden; first dorsal and caudal black; lips black.

Another specimen from Apia was dark gray, reticulate with olive brown; second dorsal and anal
light yellow, with a bluish streak along the base; caudal dirty yellow. Spine unserrated; ventral
spine immovable.

1264. Cantherines albopunctatus/“ (Seale). Hawaii; Tahiti.

2? Monacanthus howensis Ogilby, Rec. Austr. Mus., 1889, Lord Howe I. Waite, Austr. Mus., 1901, pl. vir, Lord
Howe I.

Monacanthus albopunctatus Seale, Occ. Papers Bishop Museum, vol. 1, no. 4, 18, fig. 6, Honolulu.

Pseudomonacanthus multimaculates Regan, Ann, Nat. Hist., 1902, 299, with plate, Tahiti.

Cantherines albopunctatus Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., xx11I, 1903 (1905), 420, Hawaii.

This species is very close to Cantherines howensis described by Ogilby and figured by Waite from

Lord Howe Island. That species has, however, but 33 dorsal rays, while albopunctatus, with the same
form and color, is said to have 38.

1265. Cantherines punctulatus (Regan). Tahiti.
Pseudomonacanthus punctulatus Regan, Ann, Nat. Hist., 1902, 298, with plate, Tahiti.

1266. Cantherines armatus (Garman). Fiji.
Alutera armata Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1908, Fiji.
This species we have not seen. It is apparently well distinguished by the numerous (over 40) soft
rays in the dorsal and anal. Ventral spine immovable; dorsal spine barbed.

1267. Cantherines nigricans (Macleay). New Guinea.
Monacanthus nigricans Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1883, 596.

1268. Cantherines fuliginosus (Macleay). New Guinea.

Monacanthus fuliginosus Macleay, op. cit., 596.
AMANSES Gray.

Amanses Gray, Indian Zoology, 1830 (hystrix).
Trichoderma Swainson, Nat. Hist. Fish., 1, 1839 (‘‘ scapus’’).

In the males of this genus there is a sheaf of long needle-like spines, about ten in number and
nearly as long as the head on each side of the tail. In the female a brush of shorter spines takes the
place of these. In other regards the genus is close to Cantherines. i

a This species and the next two, having the dorsal spine serrate, belong to the subgenus Pseudomonacanthus.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 365

1269. Amanses scopas (Cuvier). Sisitui. Samoa; New Guinea (Macleay); Fast Indies.

Of this singular species we have four fine examples from Apia, the first recorded from Polynesia.
Life colors of a specimen called sisitwi, dark brown, a little paler below, a little darker on head and
tail; dorsal anal and pectoral colorless, the rays olive, with some bluish on membranes, caudal black;
spines of side black at base.

Fic. 68.—Amanses scopas (Cuvier).

OXYMONACANTHUS Bleeker.

This genus is near Cantherines, from which it differs in the elongate form and very long, sharp
snout. Unlike the other filefishes, the single species of this genus is gaudily colored.

1270. Oxymonacanthus longirostris (Bloch & Schneider). Aleva. Samoa; Guam; Fiji; New
Caledonia; East Indies. (PI. 1, fig. 2.)

Of this fantastic little fish we have about 15 specimens, none over 3 inches long, from the reefs
of Apia and Pago Pago. Life colors of one from Apia, sky blue with rows of bright orange spots; ven-
tral flap orange; a brown area above it with fine white dots; fins pale; dorsal and anal reddish, the
caudal yellowish brown with two faint broad cross shades; breast light green.

CHETODERMIS Bleeker.

1271. Chetodermis penicilligerus (Cuvier). New Guinea; East Indies; Australia.
MONACANTHUS Cuvier.

This genus is characterized by the movable ventral spine. In most of the species the ventral flap
is moderate, and the dorsal spine serrated. These belong to the subgenus Stephanolepis, which differs
from Monacanthus only in the reduction of the ventral flap, a character of slight importance.

1272. Monacanthus chinensis (Bloch). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies; China.

1273. Monacanthus melanocephalus Bleeker. Pa’u-mea; Moloasi. Samoa; New Guinea (Mac-
leay ); East Indies.
Monacanthus melanocephalus Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., y, 95, East Indies. Bleeker, Atlas, v, 127, tab. ccxx1mI,
fig. 1, East Indies. Gitinther, Cat., vim, 242; from Bleeker’s type.
Monacanthus janthinosoma Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., vr, 503, East Indies.
Monacanthus aspricaudus Hollard, Ann. Sci. Nat. 1854, 11, 5380, Batavia.
Of this well-marked species we obtained about a dozen specimens from-Apia and one from Pago
Pago, the first record in Polynesia. It reaches a small size, and is known at once by the checkered

366 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

band at the end of the caudal fin. The dorsal and anal fins are checkered with black, but these
markings are faint in the young. The gill-opening lieS in a dark bar.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia called pa’ u-mea, dull blackish green, black around gill-opening;
bluish around vent; membrane of first dorsal spine bright orange; soft dorsal and anal finely mottled
blue and orange; edges translucent; caudal bright orange with round yellow spots, the edge with four
alternating wavy streaks of blue and orance; side of abdominal cavity livid bluish.

Fic. 69.—Monacanthus melanocephalus Bleeker.

Another specimen has the sides very finely marked with wavy blue streaks, most distinct on bluish
lower parts, but very faint; dorsal membrane dull yellow; blue and orange streaks on dorsal more
evident; ventral flap blackish.

1274. Monacanthus spilosomus Bennett. Hawaii.
1275. Monacanthus pricei Snyder. Kauai I., Hawaii.

1276. Monacanthus nitens Hollard. Tonga.

This species is unknown to us. It has the dorsal rays 30; anal 24; and the color is brownish
without distinct spots or stripes. The dorsal spine is serrated, and the armature of the ventral spine—
is very strong. The spine, being large, is probably moyable, but this is not stated. The species
probably belongs to the section Stephanolepis of Monacanthus.

1277. Monacanthus filicauda Ginther. New Guinea.
Monacanthus filicauda Giinther, Challenger Report, Fishes, 50, 1880.

PARALUTERES Bleeker.
1278. Paraluteres prionurus (Bleeker). New Guinea; East Indies.
OSBECKIA Jordan & Evermann.

1279. Osbeckia scripta (Osbeck). Hawaii; New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies; west coast islands
of Mexico.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 367

1280. Osbeckia liturosa (Shaw). Tahiti.

Balistes liturosus Shaw, Gen. Zool., v, 405, 1803, Tahiti.
Monacanthus liturosus, Giinther, Cat., vill, 253; copied.

This species was probably founded on a large example of Osbeckia scripta.
ALUTERA (Cuvier) Oken.

1281. Alutera monoceros (Linnzeus). Hawaii; New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

Family OSTRACIIDA.

OSTRACION Linneus.

1282. Ostracion tuberculatum Linnieus. Moamoa uli. Samoa; Fiji; Guam; New Guinea; Mar-
cus I.; New Britain (Peters: Berl. Mon. 1876, 852); East Indies.

This species, known by the round blue-black spots, is moderately common about Samoa. We have
six specimens from Apia and Pago Pago. One of these was yellow in life, the others olive. This
species seems well separated from its Japanese cognate, Oslracion immaculatum. The species, called
Ostracion trigonim and Ostracion eubicum, is identical with Ostracion tuberculatum.

Life colors of-a specimen from Apia called moamoa, dark olive brown with bluish spots, which
are white in spirits; fins dull golden, blackish at base; caudal with a few rounded black spots at base.

All the specimens from Pago Pago had blue-black spots; one with the caudal deep orange yellow,
the other fins paler yellow; another with the caudal dusky shaded with light yellow, the other fins
bright yellow.

1283. Ostracion nasus Bloch, Guam; East Indies.

1284. Ostracion ornatum Hollard. Marquesas Is.
Ostracion ornatus Hollard, Ann. Sci. Nat., vil, 1857, 166, Marquesas Is.

This well-marked species, distinguished by the two pale lateral stripes, is unknown to us.

1285. Ostracion lentiginosum Bloch & Schneider. Moamoa uliuli. Hawaii; Samoa; Guam;
Johnston I.; East Indies.

This species, common in the East Indies and South Seas, occurs both in Hawaii and Samoa. We
have eight examples from Apia and Pago Pago. The color is plain dark olive, with small whitish
spots above, below, and on sides.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, blackish brown, spotted everywhere with grayish white,
marbled on orange shades; caudal and belly also spotted; other fins olive; dorsal blackish at base.

1286. Ostracion sebe Bleeker. Moamoa samasama. Hawaii; Samoa; New Guinea (Macleay);
East Indies.

Ostracion sebe Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen., XxIv, 32, taf. 6, fig. 13, East Indies.
Ostracion bombifrons Hollard, Ann. Sci, Nat., 1857, vil, 168.
Ostracion camurum Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., xrx, 1899 (1901), 396, fig. 9, Honolulu,

Four specimens of this handsome species were taken on the reef at Apia. The color, well shown
in Bleeker’s figure, is characteristic, especially the undulating yellow stripe, most distinct on the tail.

The species is not rare on rocky shores about Hawaii, whence it was described as Ostracion camu-
rum. The yellow undulating stripe is sometimes faint in Hawaiian examples, but these often agree
fully with the Samoan.

1287. Ostracion oahuensis Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.
This species is known from two examples from Honolulu. It is near Ostracion sebe, but the spots
are smaller, with none on the sides of the body.

LACTORIA Jordan & Fowler.
Lactoria Jordan & Fowler, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xxv, 278, 1903 (cornutus).

1288. Lactoria galeodon Jenkins. Hawaii.
Ostracion diaphanus Steindachner, Denks. Ak, Wiss. Wien, LxX, 517, 1900, Laysan, Hawaii; not of Lacépéde.
This species is rather rare about Hawaii, all the examples seen being small. It is nearly related
to Lactoria diaphana of Japan. ; .

368 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

1289. Lactoria schlemmeri Jordan & Snyder. Laysan.
Lactoria schlemmeri Jordan & Snyder, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxvii, 945, 1904, Laysan.
1290. Lactoria cornuta (Linneus). Moamoa. Samoa; Fiji; Guam; Marcus I.; New Guinea; Tahiti
and Shortland I. (Seale); East Indies; Japan.

Of this fantastic species, the most abundant of the group in the East Indies, we have two specimens
from Apia. Dr. Giinther records it from Fiji, Seale from Guam, and Bryan & Herre from Marcus
Island. In the length of the horns this species is subject to considerable variation.

ARACANA Gray.

1291. Aracana spilonota Gilbert. Hawaii.

Family TETRAODONTID.

Species of this group are more abundant in the East Indies than in the South Seas. About Samoa
they are not very common. They are known as sui and are regarded as poisonous, although none of
the species has the bad repute possessed at Hawaii by Tetraodon hispidus.

SPHEROIDES (Lacépede) Dumeéril.

1292. Spheroides oceanicus (Jordan & Evermann). Hawaii. ;
Lagocephalus oceanicus Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., x x1, 199, 1902 (1903), Honolulu.
This species is known from two young examples taken at Honolulu. It 1s a typical Lagocephalus,
close to the European Spheroides pennanti. There is a most perfect gradation between the type of
Lagocephalus and that of Spheroides.

1293. Spheroides sceleratus (Forster). Tahiti; New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

1294. Spheroides hypselogeneion (Bleeker). Fiji; Samoa; East Indies; Australia.

Tetraodon hypselogeneion Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 111, 300, East Indies, Bleeker, Atlas, v, 61, tab. CCXIII,
fig. 5, East Indies. Giinther, Cat., vim, 277, 1870, Zanzibar, Seychelles. Fiji, Australia

Of this species we found four examples, two at Apia and two at Pago Pago. The coloration is well
represented in Bleeker’s plate. The specimens from Apia have the dark bars on the head and the
dark lateral stripe strongly marked.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, dark olive, much speckled with whitish, a dark lateral stripe
with a creamy area below it; belly yellowish; iris golden yellow; four dark bars on side of head between
gill opening and snout, most distinct below eye; fins unicolored.

1295. Spheroides oblongus (Bloch). Faté (Seale); East Indies.
1296. Spheroides florealis Cope. Hawaii.
This species is known to us from a few young examples from Hawaii.

1297. Spheroides insularum De Vis. New Hebrides.
Spheroides insularum De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W., Vul, 456, 1884, Api (New Hebrides),
1298. Spheroides levis (De Vis). South Seas.

Tetraodon levis De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W., vil, 456, 1884, South Seas.

TETRAODON Linneus.

This genus contains short-bodied species, with the nasal tentacle bifid, without opening. The
species are especially abundant in the East Indies.

1299. Tetraodon aerostaticus (Jenyns). Tahiti; Guam; New Guinea (Macleay); Faté (Seale);
Japan; East Indies. :

Tetraodon Uineatus Bloch, Ausland. Fische, 1, 1785, 128, pl. CxL1, and of various authors (not of Linnezus).
Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 287, pl. cxxv, fig. 2, 1847, Nagasaki.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 369

Crayracion lineatus Bleeker, Atlas, v, 70, tab. cevi, fig. 1, tab. ccxII, fig. 1, Bali, Singapore, Celebes, Amboina.
Tetraodon aérostaticus Jenyns, Voyage Beagle, 152, 1842, locality unknown.
Tetraodon lineatus, Kner, Novara Fische, 409, Tahiti.

This species, common from Japan to the East Indies, is recorded by Gunther from Fiji, by Kner
from Tahiti, and by Seale from Guam. The black stripes on the abdomen on this and other species
disappear with age.

It is very close to Tetraodon stellatus Bloch & Schneider, of the East Indies, with which Dr.
Giinther identifies it. The latter has, however, the dorsal spotted, like the caudal, besides other
minor differences. In Tetraodon aerostaticus the dorsal is immaculate. The hack in both is profusely
spotted with black.

1300. Tetraodon mappa Lesson. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

1301. Tetraodon hispidus Linneeus. Sue. Hawaii; New Guinea; Samoa; Aneiteum; New Han-

over (Peters); China; East Indies; Panama.

? Tetraodon hispidus Linnzeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, 1758, “83, China; after Lagerstrom (probably this species, the spots
not indicated in Lagerstrom’s figure); Syst. Nat., ed. x11, 1766, 411.

Tetraodon hispidus, Giinther, Cat., V1II, 297, 1870, Red Sea, Zanzibar, Ceylon, Mozambique, Port Natal.

Tetraodon perspicillaris Rippell, Atlas Fische, 68, Red Sea.

Tetraodon implutus Jenyns, Voy. Beagle, Fish, 152, 1842, Vanicolo.

Crayracion implutus (as latema in plate), Bleeker, Atlas, v, 71, tab. ccv, fig. 3, Sumatra, Cocos, Solor, Timor,
Batjan, Amboina, Banda.

Tetraodon laterna Richardson, Voy. Sulphur, 1842, 124, pl. Lx1, fig. 2, Canton; after an incorrect drawing by John
Reeves. Richardson, Ichth. China, 199, 1846, Canton.

Arethron laterna, Bleeker, Enum. Pisce. Archip. Ind., 200.

Tetraodon hispidus (semistriatus), Giinther, Cat., v11I, 1870, 297, Amboina, Aneiteum, Australia.

Arothron erethizon Jordan & Gilbect, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v, 1882, 631, Panama.

This species is very abundant in the lagoons and mullet ponds about Honolulu. It is regarded as
excessively poisonous, muki-muki, or deadly death, being its local name. A single specimen nearly
a foot long was taken at Apia. It iscommon in the East Indies, and we can see no difference between
Hawaiian specimens and others from the Riukiu Islands. It is not certain, however, that this species
is the original Tetraodon hispidus of Linnzeus.

The Samoan specimen is nearly smooth, dark olive, with round brown spots on sides of head as
well as on sides and back of body; base of caudal fin with many round spots, smaller than those
on body; dark stripes on belly persistent; gill-opening black with white rings; eye with white rings;
vent pale; tip of caudal dusky and unspotted.

1302. Tetraodon reticularis Bloch & Schneider. New Guinea; New Britain; Guam; East Indies.

Tetraodon reticularis Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, 506, Malabar. Giinther, Cat. yi1r, 296, Amboina, Celebes,
Pinang. Peters, Berl. Mon., 1876, 853, New Britain. Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 119, Guam.

Arothron testudinarius Miller, Arch. Nat., 1x, 380.

Crayracion testudineus Bleeker, Atlas, vy, 71, tab. ccxt, fig. 3, East Indies; not Tetraodon testudineus of Linnzeus.

1303. Tetraodon nigropunctatus Bloch & Schneider. Sue. New Guinea; Fiji; Samoa; East
Indies. (Pl, xxxv.)

Tetraodon nigropunctatus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, 507, Tranquebar. Giinther, Cat., vi11, 293, Zanzibar,
Amboina, Flores, Sumatra, Halmahera,

Crayracion nigropunctatus, Bleeker, Atlas, v, 74, tab. ccyt, fig. 4, East Indies.

Tetraodon diadematus Ruppell, Atlas Fische, 65, pl. xv, fig. 3, Red Sea.

Tetraodon trichoderma Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., v, 532, Sumatra; examples with long bristles.

Tetraodon trichodermatoides Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., v1, 336, Flores.

Arothron melanorhynchus Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1x, 111.

Tetraodon nigropunctatus var. citrinella Giinther, Cat., vit1, 293, 1870, Fiji; bright yellow examples.

This species is very common about Apia and Pago Pago. It is known as sui, and is regarded as
poisonous. Most of our specimens are very typical, brown with black vent and snout, the caudal edged
with pale, and the spinules short. Some similarly colored have the body covered with bristles so long
as to give the appearance of coarse fur. Others are intermediate in this regard, and one has the
ground-color bright lemon-yellow. It seems clear that all belong to the same species that Giinther
has indicated.

370 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. =

We have 20 specimens from Apia and Pago Pago. Life colors of one from Apia, blackish olive,
unmarked, the spines white; gill-opening black; all the tins dull olive, the posterior part fading to
yellow, brightest on pectoral. Some have sparse black spots on belly. Others are dark olive above,
bright yellow below, with or without black spots. Margin of caudal always yellowish, vent always
black. :
One specimen from Pago Pago, the variety citrinellus, was lemon-yellow, the back irregularly
blackish olive.

is

Fic. 70.—Tetraodon nigropunctatus Bloch & Schneider.

1304. Tetraodon immaculatus Bloch & Schneider. Fiji (Giinther); Samoa; New Ireland; Micro-
nesia; New Caledonia; Faté; Shortland I. (Seale); New Guinea; East Indies.

ADULT EXAMPLES.
Tetraodon immaculatus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth. 1801, 507; after Tetraodon sans tache of Lacépéde, 1, 475.
Giinther, Cat., vir, 291, Natal, Zanzibar, Mauritius, Pinang, New Caledonia, Australia.
Crayracion immaculatus, Bleeker, Atlas, Vv, 75, tab. ccx1, fig. 1, East Indies.
Tetraodon sordidus Riippell, Atlas Fische, 64, 1828, Red Sea.
Tetraodon parvus De Joannes, Mag. Zool. 1835, Iv, pl. 15.
Tetravdon scaber Eydoux & Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, 214, pl. 10, fig. 1.
Tetraodon basileuskianus Basilewsky, Mem. Soc. Mosce., x, 1855, 202.
Tetraodon kunhardti Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 197.
Tetraodon aspilus Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 11, 495, East Indies.

YOUNG EXAMPLES.
Tetraodon manillensis Procé, Bull. Philom. 1822, 130, Manila. Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 858, Amboina, New Ireland.
Crayracion manillensis Bleeker, Atlas, v, 69, tab. ccviml, fig. 2, East Indies.
Tetraodon virgatus Richardson, Voy. Erebus and Terror, 62, pl. 39, figs. 8 and 9, 1846.
Tetraodon immaculatus var. virgatus, Gunther, Cat., vit, 292, Ceram, Amboina, Philippines, Cape York, Sydney,
Micronesia.
Tetraodon carduus Cantor, Malay, Fish, 375, 185U, Pinang.
Holacanthus pilosus Gronow, Syst., ed. Gray, 28, 1854.
Dilobomycter longicaudus Bibron, Rey. Zool. 1855, 279.
Tetraodon immaculatus, Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1900, Samoa.

Of this species we have five young from Apia, agreeing very closely with Dr. Bleeker’s figure of
Crayracion manillensis. The color is greenish with about 8 dark streaks on each side, the caudal dark
with darker edge, the gill-opening black. : :

Apparently Dr. Ginther is right in regarding Tetraodon manillensis, with the back streaked, as the ©
young of Tetraodon immaculatus, in which species the back is plain olive. Specimens before us from
Negros, in the Philippines, show that the black stripes on the back disappear with age. Both Gtinther
and Bleeker record specimens of the striped form, manillensis, of 10 to 12 inches in length. All our

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. Sal

Samoan specimens are young, and all have the black stripes, but we have no doubt that they are spe-
cifically identical with the unstriped Tetraodon immaculatus. The best distinctive character of this
species is the black edge to the caudal.

Color in life of a specimen from Apia, olive, white below, striped ali over back and sides of belly
with dark olive; fins pale gray, the caudal edged all around with black.

1305. Tetraodon lacrymatus Cuvier. Hawaii; Raiatea (Seale).
Tetraodon lacrymatus Cuvier. in Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, Fishes, 204, 1824, Maui.
Ovoides latifrons Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., X1x, 1899, (1901), 398, fig. 10, Honolulu.
Tetraodon meleagris, Smith & Swain, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v, 1882, 141, Johnston I.; not of Lacépéde.

This species, which is probably different from Telraodon meleagris of the East Indies, is known
from the Hawaiian Islands. The specimens from Johnston Island, called Tetraodon meleagris, probably
belong here, as well as the type of Téfraodon latifrons. Tetraodon meleagris is found in the seas of
tropical Japan and China. The single specimen examined by us from the Riu Kiu Islands is
apparently different from those called Tviraodon latifrons. The species called latifrons must be the
same as the /acrymatus, described long before, from the same waters.

1306. Tetraodon ophryas Cope. Samoa; Tahiti; Mangareya (Seale).
Tetraodon ophryas Cope, Trans. Am, Phil. Soe. 1870, 479, Samoa.
?Tetraodon setosus Rosa Smith, Bull. Gal. Ac. Sci., 11, 6, 1886, west coast of Mexico.
Ovoides ophryas, Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1900, 528, pl. xx, fig. 2; after Cope’s type.
This species is known only from the original type from Samoa. It may be identical with Tetra-
odon selosus of the Mexican coast. Telraodon meleagris Lacépéde, from Asia, figured by Jordan &
Fowler (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xx1y, 253, fig. 8), also is allied to it.

1307. Tetraodon giganteus Castelnau. New Caledonia.

Tetraodon giganteus Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc. Victoria, 1873, 121, New Caledonia.
CANTHIGASTER Swainson.
(Psilonotus Swainson; Tropidichthys Bleeker; Anosmius Peters; Eumycterias Jenkins. )

This genus consists of small globe-fishes with the back angulated and the nostrils obsolete or little
deyeloped. The earliest name, Canthigaster, is defined without mention of any species, but the con-
text admits of no doubt as to the species intended. The slightly better development of the nostrils
in Eumycterias Jenkins is a character of very light weight, and the genus Humyeterias can not be
maintained.

1308. Canthigaster solandri (Richardson). Sue mimi. Tahiti; Samoa; Guam; Raiatea (Seale).

Tetraodon solandri Richardson, Voy. Sulphur, Fish, 125, pl. 57, fig. 4-6, 1845, Tahiti. Richardson, Voy. Samarang,
19, 1848, Tahiti.

Tropidichthys papua, Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 118, Guam; probably not of Bleeker.

?Tetraodon papua Bleeker, Journ. Ind. Arch., 11, 638, New Guinea.

This little species from Tahiti was originally described as having the body covered with greenish
yellow spots, each with a dark border with blue cross streaks between the eyes, with some of the
stripes on the back extended as streaks; caudai with blue spots, forming interrupted blue streaks.
As one of our Samoan species agrees perfectly with this description, we identify it as Canthigaster
solundri. The fish called solandri by Steindachner from Laysan seems to be Canthigaster jactator.
The specimens from Guam, called Tropidichthys papua, evidently belong here. Canthigaster papua
Bleeker, from New Guinea, is evidently closely related, but it has the blue streaks on the back more
or less confluent into lines.

In our eight typical examples of Canthigaster solandri, from Apia, the spots are small on the cheek
and snout and distinctly blue in color. In eight examples from Pago Pago, the spots on the body are
duller, and those on the chin, throat, and cheek, as far back as the gill-opening, are dark bronze-blue,
eye with radiating streaks, caudal distinctly barred. This may be a distinct species, but it seems to
intergrade perfectly with the typical form, one specimen of the latter having larger bronze-blue spots
at the throat. We have about 25 specimens from Apia and Pago Pago.

Life colors of two specimens from Apia, dark brown, orange on side, yellow below, with a median
blue, orange-edged streak before vent; sides with round sky-blue spots, most distinct on head; caudal
orange, barred with blue spots; dorsal, anal, and pectoral clear translucent; a black spot at base of
dorsal.

372 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

A series of six specimens, mostly from Pago Pago, were very aberrant. Life colors of one of these, rich
orange-brown, paler bright orange on snout, light orange on belly; everywhere round pale blue spots
edged with darker blue, these largest on side of belly, smaller on side of tail, deepest on middle of
back; a faint blue median ventral streak; blue cross-streaks on snout and as far back as behind eye, 7
in all, the posterior darker edged; spots confluent into a streak on front of back; a black spot below
dorsal, with 4 blue spots and streaks about it, a curved blue streak above it on fin; back of tail with
spots only; tail orange, with blue spots in vertical rows, and a dark blue edge; fins otherwise colorless
orange, with blue spots about vent.

In alcohol these specimens have the spots larger and sparser, and the spots below the eye and on
the ventral pouch are very much enlarged, separated by a narrow network of the ground-color; chin
and throat with an irregular patch of olive; streaks across eye very distinct; spots on sides of snout
generally brown, the color very different from that of the spots on the body.

Life colors of a young individual from Apia, dark olive with biue spots; blue stripes on head and
a black blue-edged ocellus at base of dorsal; caudal with pale blackish cross-streaks.

1309. Canthigaster papua (Bleeker). New Guinea; East Indies.
1310. Canthigaster jactator (Jenkins). Hawaii; Laysan.
This species, profusely covered with large pale spots, was found on the reef about Honolulu. The

specimens called by Steindachner Tetraodon solandri, from Laysan, seem to be the same. A very near
relative is Canthigaster punctatissimus from the Panama region and the Galapagos.

1311. Canthigaster bitzeniatus (Jenkins). Hawaii.
?Tctraodon caudofasciatus Gunther, Cat., VIII, 304, 1870, no locality with plate.
Tetraodon caudofasciatus, Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1900, 518, Laysan.
Eumycterias biteniatus Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., xrx, 1899 (1901), 400, fig. 12, Honolulu.

This species is found about Honolulu. In coloration it is almost exactly identical with the com-
mon Japanese species, Canthigaster rivulatus Schlegel. In view of the remote habitat, the Hawaiian
species may be kept provisionally distinct.

Apparently the species called Tetraodon caudofasciatus by Steindachner is the same as Canthigaster
biteniatus. The original Tetravdon caudofasciatus of Gunther is from an unknown locality. It may be
the same also, as the difference in description is slight. The back is said to be spotted with brown in
Canthigaster caudofasciatus, and the caudal is crossed with dark bands. These traits are not found in
Canthigaster biteniatus nor in Canthigaster rivulatus.

1312. Canthigaster caudofasciatus (Ginther). Laysan (Steindachner, as 7. callisternis Ogilby).

1318. Canthigaster janthinus (Vaillant & Sauvage). Hawaii.
Tetraodon janthinus Vaillant & Sauvage, Ann. Mus. 1875, 286, Honolulu.

This species, an ally of Canthigaster psegma, has not been recognized since it, was originally taken
by Ballieu at Honolulu. We should regard janthinus and psegma as identical, were it not that Sauvage
describes the lateral spots as large, and the dorsal fin is stated to be black. Only the caudal is black
in Canthigasler psegma.

1314. Canthigaster psegma (Jordan & Evermann). Hawaii; Samoa.

This species has been found about Honolulu and about Samoa. The Samoan examples, four in
nuinber, differ a little from the original types, especially in having less clearly defined streaks about
the eyes.

We have two large specimens from Apia. The species is very close to Canthigaster oahuensis as
figured by Dr. Jenkins. The markings of the head and fins are almost identical, and the oblong
black spots on the sides are the same. But our specimens show no trace whatever of stellate blue
spots, and these are very conspicuous in Canthigaster oahuensis.

Life colors of a-specimen from Apia, dark olive with orange-brown shades and faint blue spots;
blue and bronze streaks with a few blue specks radiating from eye; cheeks brownish gray with thick-
set dark-blue spots above and bronze spots behind them; dorsal and anal pale olive, a black bar across
base of each; no black blotch on back; caudal dusky, blackish; pectoral dusky; cheek closely covered
with close-set dark spots, which form narrow oblique brown streaks in front; sides of belly with oblong
black spots, all smaller than pupil.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 3738

Another specimen from Apia was brownish black; cheek grayish with blue-black spots, forming
streaks below; side with a few blackish streaks and blue spots; middle line of belly darker; dorsal
and anal dusky at base; caudal all black, the fins otherwise colorless.

1315. Canthigaster epilamprus (Jenkins). Hawaii.

1316. Canthigaster oahuensis (Jenkins). Hawaii.

- This species is found in the reefs about Honolulu, where it is apparently rare. It is one of the
deep-bodied species, like Canthigaster psegma.

1317. Canthigaster cinctus (Solander). Tahiti; Samoa; New Guinea (Macleay); Hawaii; East
Indies.
Tetraodon gronovit Cuvier, Regne Anim., ed, 1, 1827, no description.
Tetraodon cinctus Solander, Richardson Voy. Samarang, 19, 20, 1850, Tahiti; on a drawing by Solander.
Tropidichthys valentini Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., Iv, 130, 1853, Amboina.
Tropidichthys valentini Bleeker, 3de Bijdr. Amboina, 130, Amboina.
Psilonotus valentini Bleeker, Atlas, Gymnodontidz, v, 80, tab. CcvIU, fig. 4.
Teltraodon valentini Ginther, Cat., VIII, 305.
Holacanthus balisteformis Gronow, Cat. Fish, ed. Gray, 1854, 25.
Tetraodon coronatus Vaillant & Sauvage, Ann. Mus. 1875, 285, Hawaii.

This species, distinguished at once by two blackish cross-bars, was seen by us at Hawaiionly. The
species called coronatus is certainly the cinctus of Solander. :

Tetraodon cinctus is described as studded above with small round dots, which are also found on the
caudal fin. Besides these there are two oblique black bars which embrace the fore part of the belly,
the interval between them light yellow; traces of other dark bars appear behind.

It is evidently identical with Canthigaster coronatus. Dr. Gilbert’s single specimen of the latter
from Hawaii agrees perfectly with Gtinther’s description of Canthigaster valentini. Bleeker’s figure,
however, differs in showing blue streaks on the head, the posterior far less developed, and the caudal
fin unspotted, the black stripes on its lower and upper margins less plain than in coronatus.

Bleeker’s description fits well the specimen obtained in Hawaii by Dr. Gilbert, and there seems no
reason for doubting the identity of C. cinctus and C. coronatus with the East Indian form, Canthigaster
valentini. The name cinctus has priority.

1318. Canthigaster compressus (Procé). Faté (Seale); East Indies.
( Tetraodon striolatus Quoy & Gaimard.)

1319. Canthigaster bennetti (Bleeker). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

Family DIODONTID.

DIODON Linneus.

1320. Diodon hystrix Linneeus. Tauta. Samoa; Hawaii; Tahiti; Guam; Johnston I.; New
Guinea; all warm seas.
Occasionally taken in Samoa. We have 2 specimens.

1321. Diodon holacanthus Linnzeus. Laysan (Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1900, 518,
as Diodon sexmaculatus); warm seas.

This species may be the young of the preceding.

1322. Diodon nudifrons Jenkins. Hawaii.
CHILOMYCTERUS Bibron
1323. Chilomycterus affinis Giinther. Hawaii; Lower California; Galapagos Is.; Japan.
Family MOLIDA.

RANZANIA Nardo.

1324. Ranzania makua Jenkins. Hawaii; Japan.

374 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Family SCORPANID.@

MERINTHE Jordan & Evermann.
1325. Merinthe macrocephala (Sauvage). Hawaii.

1326. Merinthe bandanensis (Bleeker). Faté (Seale); East Indies.
Scorpena bandanensis Bleeker, Banda, 1, 237, 1851, Banda.

Scorpxna haplodactylus Bleeker, Ceram, I1, 698, 1852, Ceram.

Scorpena haplodactyla, Giinther, Cat., 1, 117, Banda, Ceram, Fiji(?).

IRACUNDUS Jordan & Evermann.

1327. Iracundus signifer Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.

SEBASTOPSIS Gill.

1328. Sebastopsis parvipinnis (Garrett). Hawaii (Garrett); Raiatea.
Scorpena parvipinnis Garrett, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1863, 105, Sandwich Is., Raiatea. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee,
75, taf. 51, fig. D, Raiatea.
This species is known to us only from the accounts of Giinther and Garrett. It seems well distin-
guished by its low dorsal spines.

1329. Sebastopsis kelloggi Jenkins. Hawaii.

This little fish is abundant about the Hawaiian islands. It is close to Sebastopsis guamensis (poly-
lepis), but it differs from all the Polynesian species examined by us in having, besides an auxiliary
spine, four spines on the edge of the preopercle. There are three of these spines in Sebastopsis guam-
ensis and Sebastopsis scabra.

1330. Sebastopsis guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard). Ldotale. Samoa; Tahiti; Guam; Caroline Is. ;

Tonga; Palau; Fiji; East Indies.

?Scorpexna rawakensis Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie Zool., 325, 1824, Rawak.

Scorpxna guamensis Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie Zool., 326, 1824, Guam.

Sebastopsis guamensis, Streets, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., vil, 96, Samoa. Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1900, 521,
Tahiti.

Scorpena guamensis, Klunzinger, Fische Rothen Meeres, Tahiti. Gunther, Fische der Stidsee, 74, Caroline Is., Red
Sea, Samoa, fonga, Palau.

Scorpxna rubropunctata Ehrenberg in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Iv, 824, 1829, Red Sea.

Scorpxna chilioprista Riippell, Neue Wirbelthiere, 107, taf. 27, fig. 8, 1835, Red Sea. Gutinther, Cat., 11, 121.

Sebastes polylepis Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1851, 11, 173, Amboina. Gunther, Cat., 1, 106, Amboina, East
Indies.

Sebastopsis erinacea Garman, Bull. Mus Comp. Zool., XX XIX, 8, 281, pl. 1, fig. 2, Viti Levu (Fiji).

Sebastes minutus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Iv, 348, 1829, Moluccas, Ladrones, Society Is. Giinther,
Cat., 11, 106.

Of this species we have about 50 specimens from Samoa. It is well separated from Sebastopsis
scabra by the shorter anal spine. It is impossible for us to tell certainly what species was intended
in the descriptions of Scorpeena guamensis and minutus, but this species is certainly the guamensis of
Giinther and Klunzinger, as also the polylepis of Bleeker and the erinacea of Garman. We can not
identify Scorpena rawakensis.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, light olive with many brown spots and three dark brown
cross-shades; a white bar across base of caudal; fins all reddish brown, bright brick-red at tip, barred
with pale bluish gray; throat and belly dark. ‘

Another specimen was dusky brown, four dusky cross-bars, sides with greenish reticulations
around dusky spots; fins all closely reticulated reddish brown and bluish gray; throat paler.

1331. Sebastopsis scabra (Ramsay & Ogilby). Samoa; north Australia.

Sebastes scaber Ramsay & Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S. W., X, 1885, Shark reef (Australia).

rom Waigiu (Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, 324) we can not place. It has dorsal xrv, 11, anal 11,6.

a Scorpena vaigien

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 375

This species is distinguished from Sebastopsis guamensis by the very much longer second anal spine.
It is equally abundant at Samoa, and has doubtless been confused by authors with Sebastopsis gua-
mensis under that and other names. We have about 40 examples from crevices in the reefs of Apia
and Pago Pago. Scabra has an orbital tentacle. :

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, brown, the fins barred with brownish red; a large jet
black spot on opercle; ventrals and belly yellowish.

7 an
SR
a

Fic. 71.—Sebastopsis scabra (Ramsay & Ogilby).

1332. Sebastopsis novee-guinez (Sauvage). New Guinea (Nouy. Arch. Mus. 1878, 129).
SCORPENOPSIS Bleeker.

1333. Scorpznopsis cirrhosa (Thunberg). Tahiti (Giinther); New Guinea (Macleay); Japan;
East Indies. :

1334. Scorpznopsis gibbosa (Bloch & Schneider). Nofu. Tahiti; Palau; Hawaii; Samoa; New
Guinea; East Indies.
(Scorpxnopsis catocala Jordan & Evermann, Hawaii.)

This species is rather common about Samoa, where we obtained three good-sized specimens, and
still more common about Hawaii. It is certain that the diabolus of Cuvier & Valenciennes is the same
as the gibbosa of Bloch & Schneider. The characters used by Bleeker to distinguish these species can
not be trusted. S. gibbosa is best known by its wide, depressed interorbital area, much wider than the
eye, and by the deep nuchal pit; there is a black band at the shoulders covering part of the spinous
dorsal fin and a black notch at tip of upper jaw. Scorpwnopsis catocala from Hawaii and Scorpena
nesogallica from Ile de France can not be separated from S. gibbosa.

There is a broad black band on the inner side of the pectoral fin near the margin, and this, in the
adult, breaks up into spots.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, violet-black, the dark shades light olive-gray, the throat very
dark; lining membranes of jaws bright yellow; axillary region light gray, mottled with olive; belly
creamy yellowish; pectoral banded with black, orange and yellow within, grayish at tip; ventrals
black, pale-edged; caudal with a broad black band, pale gray at base and tip; spinous dorsal with a
purple blotch continued as a band on body.

Another specimen, from the same locality, was dark reddish brown, light bright reddish brown
below; fins with the pale parts all reddish brown of varying shades; axil dark with pale spots.

1335. Scorpznopsis cacopsis Jenkins. Hawaii; Tahiti.

1336. Scorpenopsis novee-guinee Cuvier & Valenciennes. Samoa; New Guinea.
?Scorpena nove-guinex Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., rv, 320, 1829, New Guinea.
Scorpena papuensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist, Nat. Poiss., 1V, 321, 1829, New Guinea.
Scorpxna gibbosa, Giinther, Cat., 11,119. Sauvage, Poiss. Madagascar, 279; not of Schneider.

376 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

This species, distinguished from the true Scorpxnopsis gibbosa by the narrow interorbital and
smoother body, is known to us from a single example from Samoa. Among its best distinctive
characters is that of the very long second anal spine, a feature not shown in the plate of Quoy &
Gaimard, who may have had some other species in mind.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, blackish, the belly creamy yellowish, with no red and no
orange except in the inner angle of ventrals; all pale markings creamy white or creamy brown,a little
orange-shaded in dorsal and anal and inner edge of ventral; inner side of pectoral olive with orange
shades next to the black cross-band; axil olive with round brown spots.

1337. Scorpznopsis altirostris Gilbert. Hawaii.

1338. Scorpeznopsis zanzibarensis (Playfair). New Guinea (Gtnther); Zanzibar.

SCORPENA (Artedi) Linneus.

1339. Scorpzna cooki Gunther. Raoul I.; Cook Is.; Raiatea (Seale).
Scorpxna cooki Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 78, taf. 55, Raoul I.

SEBASTAPISTES Gill.

1340. Sebastapistes dentatus (Gunther). Palau Is.

Scorpaena dentata Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 76, 1878, Palau Is.
1841. Sebastapistes coniorta Jenkins. Hawaii.
18342. Sebastapistes galactacme Jenkins. Hawaii.

1348. Sebastapistes corallicola Jenkins. Hawaii.
2Scorpena asperella Bennett, Zool. Jour., 1v, 1829, 40, Sandwich Is. Gtinther, Fische der Siidsee, 80, Hawaiian Is.
Sebastapistes corallicola Jenkins, Bull. U.S: Fish Comm., x x11, 1902 (1903), 493, Honolulu.
It is impossible to identify Bennett’s S. asperella with certainty. It is probably Sebastapistes coralli-
cola, the red spot on the dorsal and the tentacle over the eye favoring this identification.

1344. Sebastapistes ballieui (Sauvage). Hawaii. ‘
1345. Sebastapistes coloratus Gilbert. Hawaii.

1346. Sebastapistes albobrunneus Giinther. Palau Is.

Scorpena albo-brunnea Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 77, 1873, Palau Is.

1347. Sebastapistes strongius (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Oualan, or Strong Island; Amboina.

We are unable to idéntify this species. Were it not for the plain-colored lower parts of the head,
in the figure of Quoy & Gaimard, we should regard Sebastapistes la’ otale as this species.

1348. Sebastapistes laotale Jordan & Seale, new species. La’otale. Samoa; Rarotonga.
Scorpena tristis, Gunther, Fische der Stidsee, 77, Rarotonga; not of Klunzinger. ‘

Head 2.45 in length; depth 2.75; eye 4 in head; dorsal x11,10; anal m1, 6; about 22 modified
scales in lateral line; snout 3.50 in head; interorbital 1.50 in eye, this space very concave with two
small longitudinal ridges.

Body oblong, moderately compressed; depth of caudal peduncle equal to eye; mouth large; max-
illary 1.75 in head; minute teeth in jaws and vomer, none on palatines; head spinate, preorbital end-
ing in two sharp spines, one directed forward, the other downward and back, a st-ong spine at posterior
end of the bony stay of cheek; three distinct spines below at the angle of preopercle; four distinct
supraocular spines and four spines on each side of nuchal region; posterior nostril with a distinct spine,
the anterior nostril with a short divided tentacle; opercle with three spines from its posterior part;
origin of dorsal fin at posterior part of nuchal region, its longest spine 2.75 in head; base of anal fin
2.25 in length of head; second anal spine 2 in head; pectoral 1.20; ventral 1.80; caudal rounded 1.50
in head. ‘

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago called la’ otale; black and gray, with rosy tinge on caudal.
Another from the same place has the red rosy salmon, the ground-color whitish, it and the rosy every-
where finely speckled with black points. A specimen from Apia was purplish black, mottled with gray
with scarcely any shades of pink; the chin profusely barred.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 317

Color in spirits, grayish mottled with brown, which takes somewhat the form of 6 irregular cross-
bands, the first of which encircles the sides and upper part of head at eye, and the last one encircles
the base of caudal fin; each side of lower jaw marked with about 6 alternating white and brown spots;
asimilar marking shown on upper jaw; dorsal fin with oblique brown bands, caudal with a wide brown
band near the middle and tipped with white, and with about 5 dusky bands; ventral with 3 dusky
bands; pectoral spotted with dusky black at the base, caudal with a wide brownish area near the
middle.

This species is common in the tide-pools of the coral reefs of Samoa with Sebastopsis scabra and
Sebastopsis guamensis, as described by Klunzinger. It differs from Sebastapistes tristis in the absence of
orbital cirrus. Otherwise it agrees very closely with that species, but not one of our examples shows
any trace of the orbital cirrus, which is well developed in S. tristis.

Many specimens from Apia. The type is no. 51761, U. 8S. National Museum, length 2 inches.

Fic. 72.—Sebastapistes laotale Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

1349. Sebastapistes tristis (Klunzinger). (Guam; Red Sea; Philippines.

Scorpena tristis Klunzinger, Syn. Fische Rothen Meeres, 802, 1870, Red Sea.
Scorpena bakeri Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 126, Honolulu; op. cit., vol.1,no. 3,120, Guam.

This species, distinguished by its orbital cirrus and by the blackish cross bands on the lower jaw,
was not taken by us. Seale’s description of Scorpxna bakeri agrees well with Klunzinger’s account,
and may be the same fish. Giinther’s Scorpna tristis is said to have not ‘‘Hautlippchen.”? This
may be our Sebastapistes laotali. We have examples of S. tristis from the Philippines, with the orbital
cirrus well developed.

1350. Sebastapistes laniarius (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Guam.
1351. Sebastapistes nuchalis (Giinther). Rarotonga.

Scorpena nuchalis Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 76, 1873, Rarotonga.

SETARCHES Gunther.

1352. Setarches remiger (Gilbert & Cramer). Deep seas of Hawaii.
1353. Setarches fidjiensis (Giinther). Fiji.
Setarches fidjiensis Gunther, Challenger Fishes, 87, 19, Fiji.

- PONTINUS Poey.

1354. Pontinus spilistius Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

B. B. F.1905—25

378 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

HELICOLENUS Goode & Bean.
1355. Helicolenus rufescens Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
PLECTROGENIUM Gilbert.
1356. Plectrogenium nanum Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
CENTROPOGON Gunther.
1357. Centropogon australis (White). Erromango; Palacky; Australia.
AMBLYAPISTUS Bleeker.

1358. Amblyapistus tenianotus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Melanesia (Seale); East Indies.

1359. Amblyapistus vestitus (De Vis). South Seas.
Tetraroge vestitus De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 1884, 496, South Seas. (Dorsal xvI, 9.)

THENIANOTUS Lacépéde.
1360. Tznianotus triacanthus (Lacépéde). Tahiti; Raiatea (Giinther) ; East Indies.
1361. Tenianotus garretti Giinther. Hawaii.
1362. Teenianotus citrinellus Gilbert. Hawaii.
MINOUS Cuvier & Valenciennes.

1368. Minous pictus Giinther. New Guinea.
(Minous pictus Giinther, Challenger Fishes, 1880, 41. )

DENDROCHIRUS Swainson.

1364. Dendrochirus zebra (Cuvier & Valenciennes). (Guam; Palau Island; Fiii: New Guinea; East

Indies.
Pterois zebra Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Iv, 367, Ie de France. Gtinther, Fische der Stidsee, 82,
Indian Ocean, Pelew I. Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 122,Guam. Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. xxxIx,

232, Fiji. Gunther, Cat., 11, 126, Amboina.
1365. Dendrochirus brachypterus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Samoa (Gtinther); East Indies.

1366. Dendrochirus sausaulele Jordan & Seale, new species. Sausaulele. Samoa. (Pl. uu, fig. 1.)

Head 2.45 in length; depth 2.80; eye 3.55 in head, equal to snout; interorbital 2 in eye; dorsal
xi, 10; anal m1, 6; pectoral 17; scales 8-44-13; maxillary 2.50 in head, reaching to below anterior third
of eye.

Body elongate, compressed, profiles of trunk evenly curved; snout short, rounded; bands of
minute teeth in jaws and vomer; a simple orbital tentacle one-half length of eye; a simple fleshy flap
prolonged into a tentacle over anterior nostril; five simple tentacles on the anterior margin of snout;
a wide flap from lower anterior margin of preorbital, and two similar flaps from lower limb of
preopercle; a single small nasal spine on each side of snout; four orbital and seven nuchal spines on
each side; bony stay of cheek without distinct spines; a small sharp spine on preopercle at posterior
termination of the bony stay and two small spines below this on the angle; gillrakers short, 10 on
lower limb; depth of caudal peduncle scarcely equal to eye; pectoral fin 2.10 in length, reaching to
below posterior axil of dorsal, the membranes of lower rays only being slightly incised; ventral
reaching to origin of anal; caudal and anal of about equal length, 2.50 in head.

Color in spirits, dull whitish with seven broad brown bands around the body, first over nuchal
region, where the band is broken and the mid segment is in advance, second from origin of dorsal
through axil of pectoral, third from 4th-5th dorsal spines, fourth from 8th-9th dorsal spines, fifth
from 1st-3d dorsal rays, sixth from 7th-9th dorsal rays, the seventh band circling the caudal peduncle
and sending a brown line back to base of caudal; a narrow indistinct line between the 2d and 3d bands
and another between the 4th and 5th bands; a black line from base of orbital tentacle through eye to
posterier end of bony stay; a dark blotch on cheek below anterior part of bony stay, another on

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 319

side of snout, and another round spot on anterior part of interorbital; eye with five radiating black
lines; fins all with black cross bands except the ventral, which is bluish; axil of pectoral black, with
an upper and lower white spot, and some white dots on inner base of rays; a black spot on base of
pectoral, and on lower part of opercle; under part of head and top of snout white.

Four specimens from Apia, where it lurks in the crevices of the reefs. The type is no. 51760
U. S. National Museum, 4.85 inches long, from Apia. We haye also one specimen from Pago Pago,
represented in the accompanying colored figure.

1367. Dendrochirus chloreus Jenkins. Hawaii.

1368. Dendrochirus barberi (Steindachner). Hawaii.

(Dendrochirus hudsoni Jordan & Evermann.)
PTEROIS Cuvier.

1369. Pterois sphex Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.

1370. Pterois volitans (Linnzeus). Sausaulele. Samoa; Tahiti; Palau :.; New Guinea (Macleay);
New Britain (Peters); East Indies. (PI. u1.)

This large and violently stinging fish is not rare about Samoa, where half a dozen examples were
taken. Life colors of one from Apia called sausaulele, blackish red, fading to pale olive-brown pos-
teriorly, the front of head abruptly bright pale brownish red; body covered by narrow sharply
defined white streaks, bounding black streaks of the ground color, one pair below eye, one pair across
nape; 5 more streaks on body, the first three Y-shaped, divided above and one of them below also;
breast and belly with alternating white and blackish cross-bars; cirrus black, light red at tip; dorsal
light and dark red; soft dorsal, anal, and caudal with dark cross-bars; ventral deep red, streaked with
white, the spine white; pectoral dusky red, with two white crescents at base and a white axillary
spot, the rays bright pink-red; two horizontal dark-edged streaks on caudal peduncle; interorbital
pale pink.

1371. Pterois radiata Solander. Tahiti; Paumotu Is.; Sanioa; Kingsmill I.
One specimen, called sausaulele, was taken by us at Samoa. Life colors, black with whitish streaks,
these brownish red on head; long dorsal rays reddish brown at tip.

1372. Pterois vittata Sauvage. Marquesas Is.

Pterois vittata Sauvage, Nouy. Arch. Museum, 1878, 135, Nukahiva.
PELOROPSIS Gilbert.

1373. Peloropsis xenops Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

INIMICUS Jordan & Starks.

1374. Inimicus maculatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Waigiu; New Britain; New Guinea.

Inimicus maculatus Cuyier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Iv, 484, 1829, Waigiu. Lesson, Voy. Coquille, 210,
plate 20. Gtinther, Cat., 11, 150, Waigiu.
Pelor maculatum, Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 834, New Britain.

SYNANCEJA Bloch & Schneider. (Synancidium Miller; Synanceichthys Bleeker. )

According to Bleeker, the genus Spurco, or Synanceichthys, to which our species belongs, differing
from Synanceja in the absence of palatine teeth, can not be maintained as a distinct genus, these teeth
being frequently wanting in Synanceja horrida.

1375. Synanceja verrucosa Bloch & Schneider. Vofu. Samoa; Fiji; Tahiti; New Hanover;
Strong I.; Borabora; Guam; New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
Synanccia thersites Seale, Bishop Museum, vol. J, no. 3, 1901, 121, Guam.

This most uncomely fish abounds in the tide pools of the coral reefs of Samoa. It is much
dreaded by the natives on account of its poisonous dorsal spines.

-A specimen from Apia called nofu in life was the color of coral sand, the surface mud-colored, with
concealed orange patches showing on head and body; caudal with a blackish cross-band; a whitish
cross-band at base and one at tip.

380 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

EMMYDRICHTHYS Jordan & Rutter.

1376. Emmydrichthys vulcanus Jordan & Rutter. Tahiti.

Emmydrichthys vulcanus Jordan & Rutter, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 2d ser., VI, 1896, 5625, Society Is. (by error stated
to be from Hawaii).

This species is known only from the original type from Tahiti.
Family CARACANTHID.

CARACANTHUS Kroyer.

1377. Caracanthus maculatus Gray. JTw’wu. Hawaii; Samoa; Tahiti.

This little fish is not rare in the coral reefs of Samoa, where several specimens were talen in com-
pany with Pseudogobiodon citrinus.

Life colors of a specimen from-Apia called tw’wu, dark uniform, coppery brown.

AMPHIPRIONICHTHYS Bleeker.

This genus is very close to Caracanthus, differing in the continuous dorsal fin. It was taken by
us with the preceding on the reefs of Honolulu.

1378. Amphiprionichthys unipinna (Gray). Hawaii; Tahiti; Vavau; Fiji; Palau Is.; East
Indies. ;
Family PLATYCEPHALID.
PLATYCEPHALUS Bloch.

1379. Platycephalus punctatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Vanicolo; Guam (Seale, Bishop Museum,
1901, 129); East Indies.

1380. Platycephalus otaitensis (Parkinson). Tahiti.

Cottus otaitensis Parkinson, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Iv, 241, Tahiti.
1381. Platycephalus quoyi Bleeker. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
1382. Platycephalus tentaculatus Riippell. Palau Is.; East Indies.
1383. Platycephalus nematophthalmus Bleeker. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

1384. Platycephalus serratus Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Ireland (Peters, Berl. Mon., 1876,
839); East Indies.

1385. Platycephalus variolosus Giinther. Samoa.

Platycephalus variolosus Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 167, taf. c1x, fig. A, Samoa.

1886. Platycephalus isacanthus Cuyier & Valenciennes. New Guinea; East Indies.

INSIDIATOR Jordan & Snyder.
1887. Insidiator pristiger Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Guinea; East Indies.
1888. Insidiator bataviensis Bleeker. Ponape (Gunther, Fische der Sidsee, 167); East Indies.
1389. Insidiator spinosus (Schlegel). New Guinea (Bleeker); Japan.
Family BEMBRADIDA.

BEMBRADIUM Gilbert.

1390. Bembradium roseum (Gilbert). Deep seas of Hawaii.
Family HOPLICHTHYID.
HOPLICHTHYS Cuvier & Valenciennes,

1391. Hoplichthys citrinus Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
1392. Hoplichthys platophrys Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 3881

Family PERISTEDIID.

PERISTEDION Lacépéde.

1398. Peristedion engyceros Giinther. Deep seas of Hawaii.

1394. Peristedion hians Gilbert & Cramer. Deep seas of Hawaii.

1395. Peristedion liorhynchus Giinther. Admiralty Is. (Fish. Challenger, 1880, 46).

Family CEPHALACANTHID.

CEPHALACANTHUS Lacépede.

1396. Cephalacanthus orientalis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hawaii; New Guinea; Waigiu;
Tahiti (Seale); East Indies. :

Family GOBIIDA.

ANALYSIS OF GENERA OF GOBIIDA FOUND IN THE SOUTH SFAS.

(This table is quite tentative, many of the genera named being of uncertain boundaries and doubtful value.]

A, Soft dorsal and anal free from the caudal; no pit above the opercle.

B. Spinous dorsal present; ventral fins well developed.
C. Ventral rays, 1, 5.
D. Ventral fins more or less divided.
E. ELEOTRIN&: Ventral fins wholly separate; pectorals normal; eyes normal.
F. Body scaly.
Ga vomerwithiteeth*vaicaudaliocellus;scalesismalls enon seven secs ceeseeneniase as oes BosTRYCHUS
GG. Yomer without teeth.
H, Seales small (fewer than 50).

T. Sides of head naked; one or more dorsal spines produced.............-....---.----.------ VALENCIENNEA
IT, Sides of head scaly; none of the dorsal spines produced; head depressed.
J. Preopercle with a small hook or antrorse spine at its angle................-.22.-22-2222222--- ELEOTRIS
Dio MO VAS) WIN NENET 44S sbnacdddadaonddséadonScaddastonsadtodsoonseussecbaceddossebSseaaodas ewe VUAVINA
HH. Scales moderate or large (fewer than 50).
K. Snout broad, flat, depressed; sides of head scaly ...........--..-.---- SRO ECOcO Ieee ECO BECeaS OPHIOCARA

KK. Snout moderate.
LI. Top of head with bony crests: a black spot at base of pectoral.........---......-...-.-----.---- BurTis
LL, Top of head without crests.
M. Sides of head sealy; scales large.

N. Sides of head with vertical series of small cirri; lower jaw heavy; body robust ....GoBromorPHUS
NN. Sides of head without cirri.
O. Preopercle with 2 or 3 rather strong upturned spines; body robust .............. ASTERROPTERIX

OO. Preopercle unarmed; body compressed, the form and habit similar to that of Pundulus; head

LONI (lS HITEC 3 6 coat esa seonac co acsecineesastocoseEss SoueSoUsEEOUSEReagueaseecra HYPSELEOTRIS
MM. Sides of head naked; preopercle unarmed.
iPyNuchaliregion\entirelyan asked Oyen ce see eects at areas ears ater oe een Ne So tava a ee EVIOTA
PP RNuchalirerioncrullygscalediaeeces seeses sees ciate waeine oaa te eae e acne ooo ee TRIMMA
FF. Body entirely naked, slender, and elongate.
Q=Dorsalpfins|separate; the secondimod erate item atenine eterna aeeele me sacle eis ee ae ee HETERELEOTRIS

QQ. Dorsal fins connected, the second many-rayed; chin very prominent; tongue notched.......... VITREOLA
EE. PERIOPHTHALMIN: Ventral fins partly united at the fleshy base; pectoral with a scaly muscular base; eyes
more or less stalked; scales very small, cycloid; tongue short, rounded,.adnate; isthmus broad.
R. Dorsal rays X to xy-12; teeth not horizontal and not exserted.

S. Scales minute (80 to 100)................- Gacedbnoshdsncogetanechooetegansneasokbessanadsesnos PERIOPHTHALMUS
Ss calesilare er da boul Opec sttcleree teceeieten eet e enter sie aeration ete oee ae eciin eee eicaeee PERIOPHTHALMODON

DD. GoBuN«: Ventral fins completely united; pectoral without scaly muscular base; eyes not erectile.
T. Ventral fins not adnate to the belly, in a short rounded disk; upper teeth not movable.
U. Body scaly.
V. Vomer without teeth.
W. Teeth not all in one series in each jaw.
X. Caudal fin not lanceolate nor greatly produced; teeth all simple, no barbels.
Y. Cheeks and opercles each well scaled.
Z. Seales small; pectoral with silky rays above

oosdSSSaec cons acenecesoodedoandestecccadsH eed CHLAMYDES
ZZ. Scales large; tongue notched; pectoral without silky rays - GNATHOLEPIS
YY. Cheeksinaked; opercles'scaly;) scales‘of body large: ~~~ =. -- own ein eno ence nec nenscewee VAIMOSA

YYY. Cheeks and opercles naked.

882 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

a. Seales large, ctenoid; dorsal and anal fins short.
b. Tongue truncate or rounded at tip; isthmus rather broad; lower jaw usually not strongly projecting.
c. Pectoral without silk-like rays above.
d. Preopercle with 2 small hooked spines at angle; dorsal spine rigid ...-..............-2..---2------------- OPLOPOMUS
dd. Preopercle unarmed; shoulder-girdle without fleshy slips; dorsal spines slender.
e. Dorsal spines 7
ee. Dorsal spines 6.

f. Head almost spherical; body short and plump; small canines present............---..---------- PARAGOBIODON
Jf. Head not spherical.
g. Body before dorsal fin largely naked; head very large; mouth subvertical -........-.-----.------ ZONOGOBIUS
gg. Body before dorsal chiefly scaled.
h. Ventrals short, cup-like; body elongate; head depressed; small canines present -...-...----.-.--- VAILIMA
hh. Ventrals well deveioped.
i. Head very large, with cross-lines of minute cirri (as in Gobiomorphus and in Mars) ......-....--- DROMBUS
ii eadswithouticross-lines\ofitubesionmcinrige essere setae eee ee ee eee enter nee eeneee RETIN OG OBIS

ce. Pectoral fin with several free silk-ltke rays above
bb. Tongue emarginate at tip.
j. Pectoral with free silk-like rays; dorsal spines, 6; mouth moderate..-.-...... 2.2.2.2. 22.- 20 ec cence eee ence eee eee Maro
jj. Pectoral without free silk-like rays above; mouth large, oblique, the chin very prominent +LOSSOGOBIUS
aa. Seales 86 or more; pectoral without silk-like rays.
k. Tongue emarginate; lower jaw projecting; mouth large....-............-.--- gooboeodescacHadEaGgaDoRNeRS CHENOGOBIUS
kk. Tongue entire (so far as known).
1. Shoulder-girdle with fleshy slips or flaps; dorsal and anal short, of about 11 or 12 rays; scales moderate, ctenoid;
preorbital region broad; tongue adnate to floor of mouth; fresh-water species.
wuCheeksnalkedtere wets s sees seisee see eee ees
lv’, Cheeks closely scaled
ll. Shoulder-girdle without fleshy flaps; dorsal and anal long (15 to 2) rays).
m. Body opaque; caudal rounded; dorsal spines 6.

Sjelalerafaraietaleieine a eiee Sale ioe iia sae eee eee ene eee ee eee ‘GoBIUS

n. Seales moderate (50 to 60), ctenoid; lower jaw with small canines..................5.-....-22-2.-- AMBLYGOBIUS

nn. Scales minute, cycloid; no canines; jaws not opening widely... S -CRYPTOCENTRUS
mm, Body elongate, translucent; caudal emarginate; mouth small; dorsal spines seven......-..--..------- VITRARIA

XY. Candal fin lanceolate, much produced; no barbels at chin. .

Oubyesithyfleshyicirrusaboviessan. scscsteseccisessestiassees naes ce eeerete reese cece aces eee eee eee ries PSELAPHIAS
oo. Eye without cirrus. 3

p. Mouth yery large, the maxillary produced backward somewhat as in Opisthognathus. WAITEA

pp. Mouth moderate; no canines; soft dorsal and anal moderate, of 12 to 20 rays. -

q. Outer teeth moderately enlarged; upper pectoral rays silk-like
gq. Outer teeth setaceous and movable; lower jaws flat and thin; no silk-like rays
Wi. Teeth all uniserial; canines present; soft caudal more or less pointed.
Scales rather large} (25 tols5);) soft dorsaljaidanallshorts ss -seneencesee cine see e ee eee eee eee eee GOBIOPTERUS
rr. Scales moderate (40 to 50); soft dorsal and anal of about 23 rays APOCRYPTODON
rrr. Scales very minute, about 200; soft dorsal and anal of about 30 rays. PSEUDAPOCRYPTES
VV. Vomer with about 3 large blunt teeth; head with numerous lines of small cirri running in various directions
scalesirathersmallsfins.m Od rate see cee see ecins setiseee cece eececinek sees eee ieee eee cemee eee eee Mars
UU. Body naked or very nearly so.
s. Body rather elongate, not greatly compressed.
t. Dorsal spines 6; snout very blunt; soft dorsal longer than anal
Ss. ee greatly compressed and clevated. ”
PACANINES Presets Sm ail paolo meat etaysto stan oleyayeeate a at Nats See ete See clot alee siete te ete) eae T eats forage GOBIODON
uu. Canines wanting . PSEUDOGOBIODON
tt. Ventral fins short, round, cup-shaped, adnate to the belly: ; outer teeth more or less flexible, peculiarly formed.
). Body sealy or chiefly so. =
w. Teeth clavate, not pointed.
: pocales small (50 to 80); body well scaled sons apaESbooUanoconSoouoSebedeSa ase SICYOPTERUS

GOBIICHTHYS
GOBIONELLUS

KELLOGGELLA

rz. Seales large, about 40; trunk partly naked anteriorly MIcrRosIcy DIUM

vv. ose, naked or largely naked; upper front teeth tricuspid...........-.....-..-.----.2--0eee- eee eee LENTIPES

AA. GOBIODIN®. Soft dorsal and anal very long, joined to the caudal; body eel-shaped, the scales minute or wanting
no pit above opercle; eyes minute; teeth very long, curved; dorsal moderate, its rays about VI, 16.......... GOBIOIDES

BOSTRYCHUS Lacépede.
Eleotrids with yvomeérine teeth, as in the American genus Philypnus.
1397. Bostrychus sinensis Lacépéde. Oualan; Kanathia, Fiji; East Indies; China.

VALENCIENNEA Bleeker.
1398. Valenciennea muralis Quoy & Gaimard. Tucopia, Vanicolo; Fiji; Kast Indies; Australia.
1399. Valenciennea longipinnis Lay & Bennett. Fiji (Gunther), Riukiu Is.

Eleotris longipinnis Lay & Bennett, Zool. Beechey’s Voyage, 64, tab. 20, fig. 30, Riukiu Is.. Giinther, Fische der
Siidsee, 190, Fiji.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 383

Recorded by Giinther from Fiji. The species is very close to Valenciennea muralis, with which
it is identified by Jordan & Snyder (Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 42) from the Riukiu Islands. Dr.
Ginther, however, regards it as distinct.

1400. Valenciennea strigata (Broussonet). Tahiti; Fiji; Samoa (Giinther); East Indies.
Gobius strigatus Broussonet, Ichth., Dec. 1, pl. 1, 1782, Tahiti.
Eleotris strigata, Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 190, taf. 111, fig. &, Fiji, Samoa, Tahiti.
The species was not taken by us at Samoa. It is easily recognized by the much longer dorsal and
anal fins. Dorsal v1, 1, 18; anal 1, 16.

1401. Valenciennea violifera Jordan & Seale, new species. Twoto. Samoa. (PI. uu, fig. 2.)

Head 3.45 in length; depth 5; eye 5 in head; dorsal yr-t, 12; anal 1, 12; scales 75; interorbital
5.50; snout 3.10.

Body elongate, compressed; snout rounded; mouth large, lips rather thick, the angle of the jaws
under middle of eye; jaws with 2 rows of small, curved, sharp-pointed teeth; opercle and preoper-
cle entire; gillrakers short, soft, with elongate point on lower limb; caudal peduncle strong, its depth
2.50 in head; origin of spinous dorsal on line with base of yentrals; third and fourth spines of first
dorsal slightly elongate, 1.14 in head; base of soft dorsal equal to head, its longest ray about 2 in head;
base of anal 1.20 in head, its longest ray 1.25 in base, its origin midway between base of caudal and
posterior margin of eye; pectoral 1.30 in head; ventral 1.90 in head; caudal rounded, equal to head.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia (very young), very pale olive, with two faint livid blue lateral
streaks connected with cross lines of the same color; fins all pale; dorsal tipped with black.

An adult specimen from Pago Pago was light olive, mottled with pale pinkish brown; a pinkish
brown stripe from lower pectoral axil straight to base of caudal; six violet spots darker edged, on side
of head; one on base of pectoral; dorsal light reddish, a jet black spot edged with white on the tips
of the longest spines; caudal pale, mottled light green and pink at base; the larger examples have a
black spot on upper part of caudal; blue spots plainer; anal light yellow; pink brown at base and dark-
edged, often pink at base and edge; ventral and pectoral pale; pectoral without dark in axil.

Color in spirits dull yellowish white with tint of brown; some specimens show traces of 7 dusky
blotches along back; five or six bluish white spots on opercle and cheek; an indistinct brownish line
from axil of pectoral to caudal; belly and chin bluish white; third and fourth spines of dorsal tipped
with black; spinous and soft dorsal with indistinct blue lines; caudal (except in young) with a black
blotch on its upper middle portion; anal with narrow dark line at margin and another near the base;
some specimens show a dusky tip to’caudal; pectoral and ventral unmarked.

This handsome species is common in the crevices of the coral reefs about Apia and Pago Pago.
It seems to be distinct from the two species. muralis and sexgultata of the western Pacific. It has the
head markings of the latter with the body markings of the former.

Seven specimens from Pago Pago and 23 from Apia. Specimens also from the island of Negros,
P. I., collected by Dr. Bashford Dean.

The type is no. 51771, U. 8S. National Museum, 4.60 inches long, from Apia.

ELEOTRIS (Gronow) Bloch & Schneider.

1402. Eleotris fusca (Bloch & Schneider). Pa’ofu. Samoa; Tahiti; Oualan; Fiji; Guam; Waigiu;
Vanicolo; Aneiteum; Solomon Is.; New Hebrides; Borabora; Tubuai and Nukahiva (Seale);
East Indies.
Fifty-three specimens from the lower course of Vaisigano River at Apia and from Gasegase River
in the neighboring village of Vaimosa; 15 specimens from brackish water at Pago Pago.
This species is widely distributed through the South Seas. It is common in the sluggish waters
of the lower reaches of the Vaisigano and other streams.
Eveotris sandwichensis of Hawaii, a species entirely similar in size, appearance, and habit, differs in
having larger scales.

1403. Eleotris sandwichensis Vaillant & Sauvage. Streams of Hawaii.

384 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

GUAVINA Bleeker.
This genus resembles Heotris, but lacks the preopercular spine characteristic of that genus.
1404. Guavina gyrinoides (Bleeker). New Guinea (Macleay); Palau Is.; East Indies.
1405. Guavina immaculata (Macleay). New Guinea.

Eleotris immaculatus Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1883, 69, 268, New Guinea

OPHIOCARA Gill.

Ophiocara Gill. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 270 (ophiocephala).

This genus is characterized by the large scales and short depressed head, the form being like that
of the genus Ophicephalus. Cheeks scaly.

1406. Ophiocara porocephala (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Palau Is.; Caroline Is.; New Ireland:
Vanicolo; New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

1407. Ophiocara aporos (Bleeker). Fiji; Gilolo; Oualan; East Indies.
1408. Cphiocara cantoris (Ginther). Fiji; East Indies.
1409. Ophiocara macrolepidota (Bloch). Fiji; New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

BUTIS Bleeker.

1410. Butis butis (Hamilton-Buchanan). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.
GOBIOMORPHUS Gill.

This genus contains short-bodied Eleotrids with large scales, the cheeks and opercles naked, and
the cheeks with rows of papillee.

1411. Gobiomorphus eugenius (Jordan & Evermann). Hawaii.
1412. Gobiomorphus sclateri (Steindachner). Tahiti; Samoa. =
Eleotris sclateri Steindachner Ichth. Beitr., vir, 157, 1880, Tahiti.

This handsomely colored little fish occurs in some abundance in the reefs about Apia and Pago
Pago. We have 7 specimens from Apia and 5 from Pago Pago.

Fig. 73.—Gobiomorphus sclatert (Steindachner).

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, light gray, with three broad brown cross-bands; first dorsal
yellowish spotted; second dorsal brown, yellowish at tip, mottled; caudal profusely spotted; anal and
ventral blackish; pectoral barred; head very much mottled.

Another, feo Pago Pago, was grayish white, with blackish brown transverse bands; ever aN
with black points; on dorsal and caudal weak blotches of thin yellowish.

Still another, a very small specimen from Apia, was pale gray, with a black bar at base of caudal;
two black dots below eye; four yellowish white cross-bars, alternating with black; a jet-black spot in
axil; fins whitish, scarcely dotted.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 385

ASTERROPTERIX Rippell. (Brachyeleotris Bleeker. )

In this genus the body is short and robust, the scales large, the sides of the head scaly, without
papillary ridges; paired fins not fringed. Small fishes of the coral reefs. ;

1413. Asterropterix semipunctatus Ruppell.

Hawaii; Samoa; Tahiti; Palau Is.; East Indies.
(Pl. xxxvi, fig. 1.)

This small fish is rather common in the crevices of the reefs about Samoa.
from Apia and 1 from Pago Pago.

to much variation.

We have 55 specimens
The blue spots, distinct only in the largest examples, are subject

Life colors of an Apia specimen—a compressed eleotrid with scaly head, large scales, and
filamentous first dorsal—dark olive-brown; a dark bar below eye; base of spinous dorsal blackish;
soft dorsal and anal dark gray; dorsal paler on upper half; caudal gray; ventral dark gray.

Another from Apia was brownish black with obscure markings, and still another had the head

with pale blue spots, edged with darker; pectoral bright olive, dusky at base; caudal light brownish,
with black spots above, ocellated with gray and some black below; fins dusky.

HYPSELEOTRIS Gill.

Hypseleotris Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 270 (cyprinoides).
Giuris Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1879, 15 (vanicolensis; no definition).
?Carassiops Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1897, 784 (compressus).
Caulichthys Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1897, 784 (guntheri).

This genus is made up of handsome fresh-water fishes, with the appearance and habit of Fundulus,
swimming freely in the water, not lying on the bottom as is the habit with most gobies.
The genus Caulichthys Ogilby, based on Eleotris cyprinoides, is synonymous with Hypseleotris of Gill.

1414. Hypseleotris guntheri (Bleeker). Malu vai. Streams of Samoa, Oualan, and Fiji.
Eleotris cyprinoides Giinther, Cat., 111,118, Qualan; not of Cuvier & Valenciennes.
Asterropteryx guntheri Bleeker, Ver. Med., X1, 1876, after Giinther.
Eleotris guentheri Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 186, taf. 113, fig. A, Oualan, Savaii, Fiji.

We have about 100 specimens from Vaisigano, Gasegase, Vailima, and other streams about Apia.
The native name is malu vai.

VAN :

Wy
ane

Fic. 74.—Hypseleotris guntheri (Bleeker).

This handsome goby is found in abundance in all the fresh waters of Upolu. Unlike others of
this group it does not lic on the bottom, but swims freely. In appearance, as in habits, it has much in
common with cyprinodont fishes.

A specimen from Apia showed no bright colors; a black lateral band, pectoral black, a black spot
on caudal. It agrees fairly well with Giinther’s short account of the species.
1415. Hypseleotris vanicolensis (Sauvage). Vanicolo.

Eleotris (Giuris) vanicolensis Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1880, 54, Vanicolo.
1416. Hypseleotris macrolepidotus (Bloch).
1417. Hypseleotris godeffroyi (Giinther).

Eleotris godeffroyi Giinther, Fische der Sudsee, 188, Raiatea, Tahiti

Palau; Fiji; New Hebrides; East Indies.

A diminutive fish of the coral reefs, not seen by us.

386 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. ~

EVIOTA Jenkins.

Eviota Jenkins, Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm., xxu, 1902 (1903), 501 (epiphanes).

This -genus contains Eleotrids of diminutive size, none (except E. abaz) an inch in length,
abounding in the pools on the coral reefs and in the heads of corals. The species are very numerous
about Samoa. Much of our large collection was obtained by a native boy named Afele, who would
dive for the coral heads and crack them in a boat, ‘‘The Coral Queen,” picking up the little fishes
from the deck.

The fringing of the ventral rays and lower rays of the pectorals is a characteristic of this genus.
It is especially distinguished from Asterropterix by the naked sides of the head and by the entire
preopercle.

The earliest known species of this genus and much the HERES in size is Eviota abax, described by
Jordan & Snyder, from Misaki, in Japan.

1418. Eviota epiphanes Jenkins. Hawaii.
1419. Eviota miniata (Seale). Guam.
Eleotris miniatus Seale, Occ. Papers Bishop Museum, I, no. 3, 1901, 125, Guam.
1420. Eviota zonura Jordan & Seale, new species. Lili. Samoa.
Head 3.50 in length; depth 4.50; eye 3 in head; dorsal v1,11; anal 9; scales 28.
Body elongate, compressed; anterior profile rounded; caudal peduncle 2 in head; mouth of mod-
erate size; angle of mouth below middle of eye; small sharp-pointed teeth in jaws; males with prominent

papillee near origin of anal, the females with a sac; distance from origin of spinous dorsal to snout
2.50 in length of fish without caudal; height of spinous dorsal about equal to its base; base of soft dorsal

Fic. 75.—Lviota zonura Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

1.25 in head, its longest ray 1.50 in head; origin of anal under second dorsal ray, nearer to base of
caudal than to eye, length of its base 1.75 in head; pectoral longer than head, the tip on a line with
first anal ray, about equal to length of ventrals; ventrals have their origin directly below the base of
pectorals, their posterior extremity extending to base of anal papillee; caudal rounded, 1.14 in the
head.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, olive, with orange-brown cross-bars; a black bar before base
of caudal; fins brown dotted, the anal with blackish half bars at base. Length three-fifths of an inch.

A specimen from Pago Pago was bright grass-green, with round orange spots on head; scales on
body edged with orange; four or five faint dark cross-bars (not plain at base of anal); a large blackish
bar-like spot just before base of caudal; first dorsal dusky, mottled with orange; second dorsal pale,
with rows of orange spots; caudal dusky below, pale green above, with some orange spots; anal dusky,
mottled with orange; pectoral and ventral pale green. Another specimen from Pago Pago was trans-
lucent bluish green; small orange spots and irregular black dots.

Color in spirits, yellowish white, a distinct black spot on caudal peduncle, three scales from base
of caudal fin; six dusky bands extending a short distance vertically up from base of anal fin; these are
usually darker at base of fin; shadings of dark spots on sides and top of head (this varies greatly and
is absent in some specimens); caudal fin black; spinous dorsal at anterior base is white; the upper

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 387

two-thirds and posterior base is black; soft dorsal shaded slightly with dusky; caudal with indications
of many narrow vertical lines, the fins white.

Of this species we have 16 specimens from Apia and 28 from Pago Pago. The type is no. 51776,
U. S. National Museum, seven-eighteenths of an inch in total length.

1421. Eviota prasites Jordan & Seale, new species. Lili. Samoa.

Head 3.20 in length; depth 4; eye 3.50 in head; dorsal v1, 9; anal 9; scales 22.

Body elongate, compressed; caudal peduncle 2 in head; mouth of moderate size, the lower jaw
slightly protruding; angle of jaw under anterior of pupil; small, sharp-pointed teeth in jaws; intro-
mittant organ of males prominent; distance from origin of spinous dorsal to snout 2.75 in Jength of
fish without caudal; anterior dorsal spines more or less elongate, sometimes very much longer than
head, this elongation perhaps confined to the males, as in others the spines are shorter; base of soft
dorsal about equal to its longest rays; pectoral slightly longer than head; ventral of equal length or
less than pectoral, its origin posterior to origin of pectoral; caudal rounded, about 1.50 in head.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago called Jili, translucent yellowish white with brown
pink points (under microscope rose red spots-with brown pigment specks) arranged along dorsum and

Fic. 76.—Eviota prasites Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

very weakly in narrow transverse bars on sides; all fins rosy; eye with two greenish yellow longitudi-
nal bands, dorsal one continued on forehead. Another specimen from this locality was very pale
grayish with dark specks and markings.

Color in spirits, yellowish white, the margin of the scales shaded with fine black dots; a distinct
black spot on lower posterior portion of caudal peduncle at base of caudal; usually a more or less
distinct dusky blotch above this spot on the upper base of the caudal; a black stripe from upper pos-
terior part of opercle through the eye and around snout; another black stripe around lower lip; a
dusky blotch in upper axil of pectoral; darker shadings along the back, taking the form of more or less
regular black spots along base of the dorsal; six indistinct dark band-like spots along the base of anal
and under part of caudal peduncle; all the fins excepting the pectoral, which is white, have a dusky
shading of fine dots; the spinous and soft dorsal have dark spots arranged in regular longitudinal lines,
about four of these lines on the soft dorsal; caudal with five bands of dusky formed by separated dusky
spots.

Five specimens from Pago Pago. The type is no. 51768, U. 8. National Museum, length 1 inch.

1422. Eviota afelei Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3.20 in length; depth 4.20; eye 3.40 in head; scales 27; dorsal v1, 10; anal 8.

Body elongate, compressed, the anterior profile rounded, the jaws equal; depth of caudal peduncle
2 in head; angle of jaws under middle of eye; sharp-pointed teeth in jaws; the inner row of lower jaw
seems to have enlarged, curved canine-like teeth; nasal tubule distinct; origin of spinous dorsal slightly
posterior to line with origin of ventrals, its longest spine 1.50 in head; the base is greater than the

388 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISITERIES.

height of fin; base of soft dorsal 1.10 in head, its longest ray equal to base; pectorals slightly greater
than length of head; base of anal about equal to its longest ray; pectoral reaching to a line with base
of anal; origin of dorsal nearer base of anal than tip of snout; origin of ventrals posterior to origin of
pectorals, their length about equal to pectorals; caudal rounded, its length 1.20 in head.

Color in spirits, whitish, the margin of scales shaded with minute dusky dots; 9 distinct dusky
spots along lower side of body—3 on caudal peduncle, 3 at base of anal fin, and 3 on belly; all of

Fie. 77.—Eviota afelet Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

these tend to extend more or less up on the side of body where they fade out; the abdominal
blotches are much the largest; side of head with about 6-8 irregular brown blotches more or less run
together, one forming a band from eye to angle of mouth, two on the opercle, one or two on
preopercle, and two or three just posterior of eye; nuchal region shaded darker; an indistinct dusky
blotch on the caudal peduncle, three scales from base of caudal; some specimens with faint traces of
dusky spots along the back; spinous dorsal and anal dusky, other fins only slightly shaded with
minute dark dots like those on the margin of the scales.

Ten specimens from Pago Pago, collected from coral heads by the Samoan boy, Afele, of Pago
Pago. Type no. 51763, U. 8. National Museum, five-eighths inch long, from Pago Pago.

1423. Eviota smaragdus Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3.75 in length; depth 4.50; eye 3 in head; scales 24; dorsal v1, 10; anal 9.

Body elongate, compressed; the anterior profile of head rounded, the jaws equal; caudal peduncle
1.75 in head; jaws with small, sharp curved teeth; anterior rays of first dorsal elongate and filiform,

Fic. 78.—Eviota smaragdus Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

except in young, their longest ray when fin is prone extending to middle of soft dorsal; base of soft
dorsal equal to length of head, the longest ray 1.75 in head; base of anal 1.20 in head, its longest ray
1.50; pectorals slightly greater than length of head, ventrals having their origin below base of pectorals
and extending to the anal papillee; caudal rounded, 1.10 in head.

One specimen from Pago Pago in life was greenish yellow, with bright red spots and black points;
reddish spots on caudal; two black spots at the nape.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 389

Another specimen from Pago Pago was translucent, bright grass-green, with orange-brown specks
on cach scale along side; 12 orange-brown short bars along back, on each side of dorsal a black bar
across nape and opercle and one behind eye; orange dashes under chin; a scarlet bar, sharply defined,
across base of pectoral, deep green before it; five dark violet-brown bars across base of anal; dorsal
brownish, the spines dull orange, the first soft ray dusky; caudal greenish barred with orange; anal
violet brown; pectoral and anal green; throat deep blue-green, with a heart-shaped orange spot; anal
papilla deep green.

Color in spirits, yellowish white, the scales usually margined with black dots; a characteristic
marking is the presence of two large distinct black spots on posterior nuchal region aboye the
opercle; in addition to these spots there are 13 dark band-like spots on the dorsal surface; nuchal
region and upper part of head shaded with small dots; 6 indistinct dark blotches along base of anal
and lower margin of caudal peduncle; a dusky band-like blotch at base of caudal fin; excepting the
pectorals all the fins have a slight shading of dusky, the anal being the darkest; the caudal with four
dusky bands.

Twelve specimens from Pago Pago. The type is no. 51764, U. S. National Museum, length 1
inch.

1424. Eviota distigma Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3.10 in length; depth 4.10; eye 3.18 in head; dorsal v1, 9; anal 9; scales 24.

Body elongate, compressed; caudal peduncle 2.10 in head; mouth rather small, maxillary not
reaching to below middle of eye; minute sharp teeth in the jaws; intromittant organ of males

Fic. 79.—Eviota distigma Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

prominent; origin of spinuous dorsal nearer snout than posterior axil of soft dorsal; the two anterior
dorsal spines elongate and filiform, reaching when in repose the posterior axil of soft dorsal; the base
of the fin 1.50 in head; base of soft dorsal 1.45 in head, the longest ray 1.75 in head; base of anal 2.80
in head, its longest ray 1.75; pectorals slightly longer than head; yentrals of about equal length and
extending to tip of anal fin; caudal rounded, 1.20 in head.

A very small fish from the crevices of the coral reefs at Pago Pago. Easily known by the two
black spots at the base of the pectoral, these rarely faint or obsolete.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, translucent gray, with faint bluish green anteriorly;
small orange spots with many black points; interior blackish transverse bars showing through
distinctly. :

Color in spirits yellowish white, with slight shading of dusky. The type specimen has two dis-
tinct round spots on base of pectoral, a black spot on side of caudal peduncle with an indistinct
vertical band through it and around peduncle; two black spots above opercle; about 10 black
blotches taking the form of short bands over the back, in some specimens extending indistinctly to
ventral surface; 6 dusky band-like spots along base of anal.and caudal peduncle; margin of the scales
usually shaded with minute brown dots; opercle and nuchal region with brown blotches, some form-
ing more or less irregular lines; the 2 dorsal fins about equally shaded with dusky; pectoral white;
caudal, anal, and yentral with dusky shadings.

390 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Fourteen specimens from Apia and Pago Pago. The type is no. 51767, U. S. National Museum,
from Pago Pago, length five-eighths inch.
1425. Eviota sebreei Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3.35 in length; depth 5; eye 3.25 in head; scales 26; dorsal v1, 9; anal 10.

body elongate, compressed; anterior profile of head rounded; jaws equal; the snout, however,
more pointed than in other species of Hviota; caudal peduncle 2 in head; jaws with small sharp-pointed
teeth, angle of jaws below middle of eye; base of spinous dorsal greater than its height, its base 1.30
in head; base of soft dorsal 1.20 in head; pectoral 1.10 in head; the ventrals slightly longer, reaching
to base of anal, their origin posterior to base of pectorals; caudal rounded, 1.20 in head.

Fic. 80.—Eviota sebreei Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

Color in spirits white; a wide grayish band from posterior of eye along lower part of side to
caudal; a narrow brown line from posterior of eye along middle of body to caudal; a big deep black
blotch on base of caudal, which extends out upon the fin; a dark line from eye down side of snout;
upper half of spinous dorsal whitish, lower half dusky; soft dorsal, anal, and caudal more or less
shaded with dusky; pectoral and ventral white.

One specimen, no. 51765, U. S. National Museum, from Apia, length 0.65 inch.

1426. Eviota herrei Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3.10 in length; depth 3.75; eye 2.75 in head; scales 24; dorsal v1, 9; anal 8.
Body rather short and thick for a fish of this genus; anterior profile rounded, the lower jaw
slightly the longer; minute round, pointed teeth in each jaw, those of upper jaw rather widely

Fic. 81.—£viota herrei Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

separated; caudal peduncle thick, its depth 2 in head; origin of spinous dorsal slightly posterior to a
line with origin of ventrals, its height about equal to its base; base of soft dorsal equal to its longest
ray; pectoral long, extending to below the 7th ray of soft dorsal; origin of anal much nearer base of
caudal than tip of snout, its base less than length of its longest ray; ventrals reaching base of anal,
their origin directly below and scarcely in advance of origin of pectorals; caudal rounded, 1.20 in head.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 391

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, gray, scales orange-edged; fins clear orange, barred with
grayish.

Color in spirits whitish, with scales margined with dusky dots, giving the fish a brownish appear-
ance; the shadings on the head with light lines reticulating more or less distinctly, and separating the
marking with irregular spots, or squares or polygons; a very indistinct dusky blotch on sides of caudal
peduncle, 3 scales from base of caudal; most specimens (including type) show about three indistinct
longitudinal white lines on the sides; there isa dark line from posterior of eye to upper posterior mar-
gin of opercles; some specimens show 6 indistinct dusky spots along base of anal and lower surface of
caudal peduncle; the two dorsal fins and the anal dusky; other fins but slightly shaded with dusky.

This ;:pecies closely resembles [viola distigma, differing in the larger mouth, and in haying usually
but one spot at base of pectoral.

Three specimens (237) from Pago Pago and five from Apia. The type is no. 51769, U. S. National
Museum from Apia, length 0.75 inch.

Named for Mr. W. C. T. Herre.

1427. Eviota pruinosa Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.
Head 3.20 in length; depth 5; eye 3.50 in head; dorsal y1, 9; anal 8; scales 28; snout 4 in head.
Body elongate, compressed, the head rather pointed; the mouth small; angle of jaw under ante-
rior margin of eye; opercles and preopercles entire; teeth minute, in jaws only; a distinct tube at nos-
tril; depth of caudal peduncle 2 in head, also about 2 in its length; anal papilla distinct; origin of

spinous dorsal slightly posterior to line with axil of ventrals, the longest spine 2 in head; base of soft
dorsal 1.50 in head, its longest ray 1.75 in head; anal similar to soft dorsal, its base and length of rays
being slightly less; pectorals extending to a line with base of soft dorsal, 1.12 in head; ventrals separate,
their tips extending to anal opening; caudal rounded, 1.20 in head.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, white with blackish mottlings and very faint orange
yellowish dashes; a faint dusting of whitish as though frosted.

Color in spirits yellowish white, shaded with brownish; five or six dark blotches along the side
rather distinct wide dusky blotch extending down from base of each dorsal fin, a distinct white stripe
between the two, and a white stripe over anterior base of spinous dorsal; two dusky blotches at base
of caudal; a rather black spot directly posterior to eye; cheeks and usually under part of head more or
less blotched with dusky; dorsal fins marked by three or four rows of oblique dark spots; caudal with
about five dusky bands; pectoral with four or five narrow indistinct lines, and usually with about four
dark spots on base; anal and ventral unmarked.

Two specimens from crevices in the coral reefs at Pago Pago. The type is no. 51779, U. S. National

Museum, length 0.90 inch.
TRIMMA Jordan & Seale, new genus.

Trimma Jordan & Seale, new genus of Gobiidve (cwsiura).
This genus, typified by Trimma cxsiura, is near Eviota, but the region before the dorsal is fully
scaled. In texture the species is firmer and less translucent.
1428. Trimma cesiura Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3.10 in length; depth 4.50; eye 3.18 in head; dorsal v1, 8; anal 9; scales 25 from posterior
margin of opercles; snout 5 in head; interorbital less than pupil.

392 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Body elongate, compressed; anterior profile rounded, the lower jaw slightly the longer, the angle
under anterior margin of eye; several rows of small, sharp teeth in each jaw; opercles and preopercles
entire; depth of caudal peduncle 2.50 in head; origin of dorsal fin above base of pectorals, its longest
spine 1.75 in head, slightly greater than length of fin; base of soft dorsal about equal to its longest
ray, 2.50 in head; base of anal 1.75 in head, scarcely equal to its longest ray; the origin of anal much
nearer base of caudal than tip of snout; pectoral scarcely equal to head; ventral 1.10 in head; caudal
rounded, 1.50 in head.

Life colors of the type from Apia plain bright red, with a gray spot on back of tail and gray spots
on many scales of back and head; fins all bright red.

Color in spirits yellowish white, the margin Of the scales thickly shaded with dusky; lighter
below; 3 dark bands across interorbital space; cheek shaded with scattered dark brown dots which

9

take the form of 2 or 3 short stripes down from the eye; snout and lips shaded with brownish;

Fic. 83.—Trimma cesiura Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

slightly darker shadings along upper margin of opercle and base of pectoral; scattered over body are
a few darker dots of coloring shading into the marginal coloring of the scales; spinous dorsal yellow-
ish, with indistinct oblique bands; soft dorsal darker with round, lighter spots; caudal yellowish white
with dusky blotches: anal shaded with dusky blotches; pectoral and ventral yellowish.

One specimen from Apia, no. 31772, U. 8. National Museum, length 1.26 inches.

HETERELEOTRIS Bleeker.

Hetereleotris Bleeker, Arch. Neer]. 1875, 306 (diadematus).

This genus contains small eleotrids of elongate form, the body translucent and scaleless. The
type species Hetereleotris diademata of the Red Sea is near the species described below.

1429. Hetereleotris clara Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa. (PI. xxxv1, fig. 2.)

Head 4 in length; depth 6.50; eye 4.25 in head; dorsal v1, 13; anal 1,11; snout 5 in head.

Body elongate, compressed; lower jaw considerably the longer; the opening to tip of mouth is
above the median line of body; the angle of jaws is under the anterior margin of eye; mouth large,
with small teeth in jaws, also teeth on the palatines; tube at nostril rather distinct; opercles and pre-
opercles not denticulate; depth of caudal peduncle 2.60 in head; origin of spinous dorsal ona line
with middle of pectoral rays, its base 1.75 in head, its longest spine 3.50 in head; base of soft dorsal a
third longer than head, 2.87 in length without caudal; base of anal longer than head, 3.25 in length
without caudal, its origin midway between middle of eye and base of caudal, its longest ray 2.50 in
head; pectorals about equal to head; ventrals separate, situated slightly anterior to base of pectorals,
the tip a little more than midway to base of anal; caudal rounded, 1.20 in head.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago creamy white, thickly dotted with dark brown points;
on each side a single broad black-brown band extending from tip of enol to tip of caudal; caudas
otherwise clear with yellowish suffusion; below dead flesh-white.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 393

Color in spirits yellowish white, a broad deep brown band from tip of snout to tip of caudal on
and below the median line of body; this band is broader and diffused along base of anal fin; tip of
under jaw dusky; the base of anal and the dorsals with indistinct dusky band-like spots at the base
of each ray and spine; three or four dark spots on caudal aboye the black band; posterior ray of
dorsal with a black spot on its middle portion; remaining fins white, unmarked.

Two specimens from Pago Pago. The type is no. 51773, U.S. National Museum, length 1 inch.

14380. Hetereleotris phaenna Jordan « Seale, new species. Samoa. (Pl. xxxvi, fig. 3.)

Head 3.12 in length; depth 5; eye 4.50 in head; snout 4.50; dorsal v1, 10; anal 1, 10; no scales.

Body elongate, compressed, snout rounded, with dull point, the lower jaw being the longer;
angle of mouth under anterior half of eye; mouth rather large, with minute pointed teeth in the jaws;
depth of caudal peduncle 3 in head; opercles and preopercles entire; origin of spinous dorsal slightly
posterior to line with axil of ventrals; base of spinous dorsal 1.75 in head, its longest spine 2.50 in
head; base of soft dorsal 1.10 in head, its longest ray 2.10 in head; base of anal 1.75 in head, its origin
about midway between base of pectorals and base of caudal; pectorals scarcely equal to length of head;
origin of ventrals below axil of pectoral, their tips reaching to anal opening; ventrals separate, joined
at base; caudal long, its ravs graduate to tip, length greater than head.

Color in life, black below, the top of the head and the back abruptly white.

Color in spirits, the upper third of body and head white, the lower two-thirds black, the black
running out on lower half of caudal fin, and the white running around tip of head, the black coloring
on base of pectorals, and to some extent on sides of head taking the form of deep black spots; fins all
yellowish white, except the black on lower part of caudal.

One specimen, the type, 0.75 inch, from the reef at Pago Pago, no. 51786, U.S. National Museum.

VITREOLA Jordan & Seale, new genus.

Vitreola Jordan & Seale, new genus of Gobiide (V. sagitta) .

This genus is distinguished from Hetereleotris by the very slender, naked body and the form of the
head and dorsal fin. The body is slender and perfectly translucent, the head sharply pointed, the
point being formed by the very heavy lower jaw.

1431. Vitreola sagitta Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa. (PI. xxxvu, fig. 1.)

Head (to tip of under jaw) 3.50 in length; depth 9; eye situated on dorsal surface of head, 2 in
snout; dorsal vr, 13; anal 1, 13; snout 6 in head; the anterior projection of lower jaw about equal in
length to snout. :

Body elongate, compressed; anterior profile of head formed by the long, conical projection of the
lower jaw; opening of mouth on the dorsal profile; the angle of jaws under anterior margin of eye;
minute teeth in jaws and palatines, tongue deeply bilobed; the lower membrane of opercles, posterior
and lower margin of preopercles, the upper and lower jaw all have distinct tooth-like fringes on their
marginal membrane; depth of caudal peduncle 5 in head; origin of dorsal on line with tip of pectorals,
the fin incised to one-half its depth, the anterior spines being placed much nearer each other than the
posterior spines; the base of dorsal is 1.75 in. length of fish without caudal; base of anal 2.75, its origin
slightly nearer to base of caudal than to eye, its longest ray 3 in head; pectoral very short, about 4 in
head; ventrals separate, short, 2.50 in head, their origin slightly anterior to origin of pectorals; caudal
rounded, 1.90 in head.

In life, clear translucent white without dots or color of any sort.

Color in spirits white, shaded above the median line with an irregular band of brownish dots
which extend from snout to base of caudal; fins white, unmarked.

Three specimens from Pago Pago. The type, 1.45 inches long, is no. 51784, U.S. National Museum.

PERIOPHTHALMUS Bloch & Schneider.

1482. Periophthalmus barbarus Linneus. Mano’o; Talae. Samoa; Fiji; Waigiu, Oualan; Tonga;
Palau Is.; New Guinea; Faté (Seale); East Indies. (Fig. 1, p. 174.)
Gobius barbarus Linneeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x11, 450, 1766, no locality. Pectorals fan-shaped; dorsal x11-13.
Periophthalmus koelreuteri Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 65, 1801, locality unknown.
Periophthalmus kalolo Lesson, Voy. Coquille, 111, 146, 1830, Waigiu, New Ireland, Oualan. :
Periophthalmus argentilineatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X11, 191, Oualan, New Guinea, Irawaddy R.

B. B. F. 1905—26

394 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Of this species we have 8 specimens from Aua, on the north shore of Tutuila, 9 from Pago Pago,
50 from mouth of Vaisigono River at Apia, and 1 from Apia collected by Dr. Lung, U.S. N., in 1890.

This extraordinary little fish is very abundant in the sluggish and brackish waters in the mouths
of the streams of Samoa. It abounds especially in muddy bayous, freely leaving the water to climb
bushes, to skip through the grass or to lurk under piles of stones to await the returning tide. It is
exceedingly quick of movement and very tenacious of life. Specimens placed in a pail of formalin
escapéd when the lid was raised.

Life colors of one from a mud puddle at Apia, mottled gray; speckles on head pure white, others
dull whitish; silvery cross-streaks on side, some light and a few dark streaks on body; dorsal with
spots of pure bluish white below, then black, then edged with dull white; second dorsal reddish
brown above, then a white band, then a black one, then dull olive reticulations around pale spots;
caudal light and dark olive; anal pale grayish; ventral gray, with dusky center; upper surface black,
pale edged; under side of head livid gray, with pale or white spots; pectoral dotted much like caudal.

A specimen taken in coral sand in the sea at Pago Pago was olive, back with nine dark cross-bands,
unequal, some of them oblique; head and sides with gray dots and marblings; a dark bar from front
of eye down and forward; one down and back from posterior part of eye; first dorsal very small, vu,
with a dark bar at base; second with oblique black cross-streaks; caudal with four or five dark cross-
streaks; pectoral with a black dot at base above and faint cross-streaks; yentral and pectoral pale;
ventral separate. In spite of the small number of dorsal rays, this specimen is probably identical with
the others of this variable species.

PERIOPHTHALMODON Gill.

This genus is close to Periophthalmus, differing in the shorter spinous dorsal, the ventrals mostly
united in the adult.

1433. Periophthalmodon schlosseri (Pallas). Fiji; New Guinea (Ramsay & Ogilby); East Indies.

1434. Periophthalmodon australis (Macleay). New Guinea.
Periophthalmus australis Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc, N. 8. W. 1884, 334.

CHLAMYDES Jenkins.

Chlamydes Jenkins, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., xx11, 1902 (1903), 503 (laticeps).

This genus has the general character of Gobius, including the silk-like fringe to the pectorals, but
the cheeks and opercles are covered with scales.

1485. Chlamydes laticeps Jenkins. Hawaii.

1436. Chlamydes cotticeps (Steindachner). Tahiti.
Gobius cotticeps Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1880, 237, Tahiti.

GNATHOLEPIS Bleeker.

Gnatholepis Bleeker, Arch. Neerl. 1875, 318 (anjerensis).
Hazeus Jordan & Snyder, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 1902 (1901), 51 (otakit).

This genus has the character of Rhinogobius, except that the cheeks and opercles are covered
with large scales. The species are small, pale in color, and live about the coral reefs. Gnatholepis
thompsoni is found in the West Indies, Gnatholepis otakii in Japan. The tongue is notched in
Gnatholepis deltoides, thompsoni, knighti, and otakii. Gnatholepis anjerensis we have not seen, but the
scanty description approaches G. delloides.

1437. Gnatholepis deltoides (Seale). Guam; Samoa.
Gobius deltoides Seale, Oce. Papers Bishop Museum, vol. 1, no. 3, 1901, 125, Guam.
?Gobius anierensis Bleeker, Blennioiden en Gobioiden, 1850, 251, Anjer (Java).
2G@natholepis anjerensis Bleeker, Arch, Neerl., 1X, 318, 1875. ‘‘Caput superne lateribusque squamatum.”’

This species apparently differs from Gnatholepis anjerensis (Bleeker), the type of the genus Gnath-
olepis, in the smaller scales and more elongate body. The scanty description of the latter, with no
reference to the color, renders it difficult to make a positive identification. The longer caudal, 43
instead of 5 in total length, also may be distinctive.

Gnatholepis knighti from Hawaii is very close to the present species, but has smaller scales, 32-9.
The coloration is very similar to that of our specimens called Gnatholepis samoensis.

we)
Or

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 3

We have 35 specimens from Apia and two from Pago Pago.

Life colors of Gnatholepis deltoides, from Apia, plain gray and mottled, with no color; a sharp
band across head and through and below eye.

Another specimen from Apia was pale gray, a black bar at base of caudal; two black dots below
eye; + yellowish white cross-bars, alternating with black; a black spot on middle of base of pectoral;
fins whitish, scarcely dotted. Tongue notched.

Fic. §4.—Gnatholepis deltoides (Seale).

1438. Gnatholepis knighti Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.
Gnatholepis knighti Jordan & Eyermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., xx11, 1902 (1903), 204, Honolulu.

This little fish is found in abundance in coral pools and tide ponds in the Hawaiian Islands.

1439. Gnatholepis canale (Sauvage). New Caledonia.

Gobius canale Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1881, 102, Canala, in New Caledonia.

1440. Gnatholepis maculipinnis (Macleay). New Guinea.

Gobius maculipinnis Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soe. N.S. W. 1884, 267. (Dorsal vit.)
VAIMOSA Jordan & Seale, new genus.

Vaimosa Jordan & Seale, new genus of Gobiidee ( V7. fontinalis).

This genus differs from Gnatholepis and Rhinogobius in haying the cheeks naked and the opercles
covered with large scales. ‘The species inhabit mountain brooks of the South Sea Islands. The type
is Vaimosa fontinalis, from the Gasegase stream at Vaimosa in Upolu. Gobius javanicus Bleeker prob-
ably belongs to the same genus.

1441. Vaimosa fontinalis Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 4 in length; depth 4.75; eye 3.85 in head; dorsal vr, 9; anal 9; scales 37 from posterior
margin of opercles; the scales are much smaller on anterior of body; head from a line with pos-
terior of eyes unscaled; no scales on cheeks or opercles; interorbital spot equal to eye; snout equals
two-thirds of eye.

Body elongate, compressed; the head bluntly rounded; mouth moderate, the angle under middle
of eye; small teeth in jaws, none on vomer or palatines; opercle and preopercle entire; nuchal region
concave; caudal peduncle strong, its depth 2 in head; origin of spinous dorsal over the anterior third
of pectoral rays, its longest spine 2 in head;, base of soft dorsal 1.20 in head, equal in length to its
longest ray; base of anal 1.25 in head, equal in length to its longest ray; pectoral equals length of head;
ventrals united, 1.20 in head, their origin below base of pectorals; caudal rounded, equal to length of
head.

Life colors of a specimen from the Gasegase River at Apia (1.5 inches long), olive; 3 black spots at
base of caudal; body with dusky shades; side of head with 3 oblique blackish stripes, meeting
obscurely across throat; spinous dorsal reddish at base, the upper half black; other fins obscurely
marked.

Color in spirits, dull greenish with about 7 broad irregular block-like dusky bands over back and
on side, more or less connected on median line of body and near base of dorsal fins; lower third of

396 BULLETIN OF ''HE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

body unmarked, but with 2 or 3 indistinct lines under chin; 5 or 6 short curved dusky lines on side of
head; 1 from angle of mouth to posterior margin of preopercle where it forms a crescent-like curve
upward, uniting with a line from the posterior of eye and another from below the eye; a short line
from lower anterior margin of eye to middle of each side of jaw; a short line from upper posterior part
of eye to opercle; a black blotch just above upper axil of pectoral; a spot on base of spinous dorsal

dusky, a white line near the top, and a lighter area at base; remaining fins dusky; 2 black spots at
base of caudal fin.

44 in.

Fic. 85.—Vaimosa fontinalis Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

Common in the streams of Upolu and Tutuila, with Vailima stevensoni, but in water less swift.
We have 23 specimens from Yaisigano River and 8 from Vailima brook and tributaries near Apia,
2 specimens from Gasegase River at Vaimosa near Apia, and 42 specimens from the stream at Pago
Pago.
The type is no. 51776, U. 8. National Museum, from near Apia, length 2 inches.
1442. Vaimosa notospila (Gunther). Streams of Fiji.
Gobius notospilus Ginther, Fische der Stidsee, 178, taf. 110, fig. B, 1873, Namusi in Viti Levu (Fiji).

OPLOPOMUS Steindachner.

Centrogobius Bleeker, Arch. Neer]. 1875, 321 (notacanthus); not Oplopoma Girard.
This genus is characterized by the presence of a small spine on the preopercle. The dorsal spines
are rigid. In other respects it resembles Rhinogobius. ;

1448. Oplopomus oplopomus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Tahiti; East Indies.

Gobius oplopomus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 66,1539, Red Sea. Gtinther, Fische der Stidsee, 170,
Philippines, Macao, Tahiti.

Gobius bitelatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 89, 1839, Red Sea.

Gobius notacanthus Bleeker, Goram, 110, Goram.

ABOMA Jordan & Starks.
Aboma Jordan & Starks, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 497 (Gikeastenne).
This genus differs from Rhinogobius in the presence of 7 dorsal spines.
1444. Aboma greeffei (Gunther). Rivers of Fiji.
Gobius greffei Giinther, Pische der Siidsee, 179, Viti Levu, in fresh water.

This species unknown to us is recorded by Gunther and Kner from the streams of Fiji.

PARAGOBIODON Bleeker.

Paragobiodon Bleeker, Arch. Neerl. 1875, 309 (melanosoma).

This well-marked group is distinguished’ by the very ck usby body, subglobular head, short cup-
shaped ventrals, and by the presence of numerous short prickles or filaments on the head. The scales
are large, the sides of the head naked and the fins short. The lower jaw has 2 small canines. The
resemblance of these species to Gobiodon indicates no close aftinity.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 397

1445. Paragobiodon echinocephalus (Riippell). Tonga; Samoa; Tahiti.
Gobius echinocephalus Riippell, Atlas Fische, 136, 1828, Red Sea, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 134,
1839, Massuah, Red Sea. Klunzinger, Fische Roth. Meer., 475, Red Sea. Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 175, taf.
108, fig. D, Samoa, Tahiti, Tonga, Meduro, Port Bowen, China Sea, Red Sea,
Gobius amiciensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Xt, 133, 1839, Tonga. Sauvage, Poiss. Madagascar,
352, pl. XLI, Madagascar (figure bad, scales given by error as 38 in text).

Of this remarkable species we haye 11 specimens from the coral reef at Apia, and 3 from Pago
Pago. The fish is not rare in the crevices of the coral reefs. It reaches a length of little more than
an inch, but all our specimens are less than an inch in length.

The genus Paragobiodon is separated from Rhinogobius by the short plump body, the globular
head, the presence of papillee on the skin of the head, by the short, cup-shaped yentrals, and by the
short oblique mouth, with two small canines. The scales are large, the fins short, the first dorsal
with 6 spines, and the sides of the head are without scales.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, all fins and body up to base of dorsal and pectoral
black; in front of that smoky red or flesh color; finely rugose and punctate; ventrals fused to form a
fleshy rugose and papillate pad.

Another specimen from Apia was in life golden-yellow, with the fins all deep brownish black,
mouth very small, lips black, iris red, head more brownish.

A third specimen from this locality differs in the yellow pectoral and ventral, the pectoral dusky
at tip. (This may bea female.) A faint pale edge to anal, etc.; vertical fins deep blue-black.

1446. Paragobiodon xanthosomus (Bleeker.) Samoa. t
Gobius xanthosoma Bleeker, Ceram, If, 103, Ceram, Buru, Celebes, Amboina.
? Gobius waitei Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XX XIX, 1903, 234, pl. 3, fig. 3, Great Barrier Reef of Australia.
Other specimens which we identify as Paragobiodon wanthosomus are yellowish brown throughout,
the fins scarcely darker. Twenty-two specimens were all taken in the reef at Apia in company withr
Pseudogobiodon citrinus, which they much resemble in color.
Gobius waitei is a species of Paragobiodon closely resembling the present species.

ZONOGOBIUS Bleeker.

Zonogobius Bleeker, Arch. Neerl. 1875, 323 (semifasciatus=semidoliatus. )

This genus includes diminutive gobies of varied coloration, similar to Rhinogobius but with the
nape and whole head naked, the head large, and the mouth almost vertical. Tongue pointed; pecto-
ral without silk-like rays; teeth moderate; preopercle with a slight fringe of papilla.

1447. Zonogobius semidoliatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Mano’o.. Vanicolo; Samoa; Tonga;
Huahine; East Indies.

Fic. 86.—Zonogobius semidoliatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

This dainty little fish is rather common in the coral reefs about Apia and Pago Pago. It reaches
a length of less than an inch. We have 18 specimens from Pago Pago and 4 specimens from Apia.

398 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Life colors of one from Apia; brown anteriorly, olive-yellow behind; anterior parts to vent sharply
marked by blunt gray cross-bars, each darker edged; fins dull olive-yellow, the dorsals with a pale
and a dark band; the ventrals with a dusky center.

A specimen from Pago Pago was clear olive, paler behind; anterior parts to middle of soft dorsal
with seven bluish white dark-edged cross-bands, the one behind eye forking above, the next forking
below; both dorsals finely checked, bluish and pale orange; anal dark, pale edged; caudal yellowish;
ventral mesially dusky; ventral and pectoral pale olive. The first dorsal of this specimen is
filamentous.

Another specimen from Apia was greenish, with orange stripes alternating with bluish ones; fins
dull golden.

VAILIMA Jordan & Seale, new genus.

Vailima Jordan & Seale, new genus of Gobiidee (stevensoni).

This genus consists of gobies allied to Rhinogobius with long bodies, depressed head and,
peculiar physiognomy, the yentral fins short and rounded. It is near Rhinogobius, but is
distinguished by the more elongate body, the low mouth with two small canines, and the short,
cup-shaped ventrals. Scales large; head scaled above only; dorsal v1, 10; anal 11.

1448. Vailima stevensoni Jordan & Seale, new species. Pw ofu. Samoa.
Head 4.50 in length; depth 5.75; eye 3.50 in head; dorsal v1, 10; anal 1, 10; scales 34 from
posterior margin of opercles; snout 3; interorbital concave, 3.20 in head.

a — a

|

Fic. 87.—Vailima stevensoni Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

Body elongate, compressed; anterior of head rounded; the upper part of snout and interorbital
taken up by a broad concave groove, which extends to base of spinous dorsal; head and nape
depressed, with small scales; mouth rather small, the angle under anterior margin of eye; lips broad;
arow of small, sharp-pointed teeth in jaws, none on yomer or palatines; opercles and preopercles
entire; gillrakers very small; depth of caudal peduncle 2 in head; origin of spinous dorsal over
axis of ventrals, the third and fourth spines elongate, the fourth about a third longer than head,
base of soft dorsal 3.75 in length of fish without the caudal, the posterior ray longest, 1.30 in base of
fin; base of anal and its rays about equal to soft dorsal; pectorals 1.18 in head, their tips under the
last spine of first dorsal; ventrals united, disk-like, short, 1.50 in head; diameter of disk about 2 in
head; caudal large, rounded, its length 3.75 in length without caudal.

Life colors of a specimen from Gasegase River at Tambiyou, near Apia, olive-green; scales mottled
golden and black; a black lateral band, interrupted by grayish spots; first dorsal cherry-red; spines
with black spots; second dorsal reddish with dark checkers; caudal clear yellow above, then a median
dash of cherry reddish, the lower half yellowish; all but upper edge closely reticulated, dark around
pale spots; anal dark; ventral dirty yellow; pectoral yellow, checked with black; head with an olive
lateral band.

Other specimens (female) with less red and yellow; 2 lateral bands, very distinct on head, the
lowest broken into 3 dark cross-bars; anal dotted with black.

oo

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 99

Color in spirits, a light mottled brownish, lighter below; a distinct row of black blotches along
the side, these blotches about 14 in number, and all more or less connected; anterior to pectoral
fin these blotches take the form of a dusky band, across the side of head and around the snout;
another very indistinct dusky band about the width of eye above the blotches on sides, also
extends out of upper side of head, and around upper part of snout; some specimens show about 7
whitish cross-bands over the back; spinous dorsal yellowish with about 5 oblique lines of dark dots;
soft dorsal with dark lines reticulating in many ways, forming ring-like figures around white dots;
caudal fin colored like soft dorsal, except that the dark lines run more regularly, forming 7 or 8
irregular cross-bands; anal uniform dusky; pectoral yellowish, crossed with about 8 narrow lines of
dusky; ventral yellowish.

A beautiful little goby found on the bottom of swift streams near Apia. Its motions are remark-
ably lizard-like, and the pale yellow spots glisten as the fish moves. Seen in the Vaisigano River,
the Gasegase River, and the Vailima Brook, from which we have 19 specimens. We have one from
Pago Pago. It was abundant in the Vailima Brook on the estate of Robert Louis Stevenson, for whom
the species is named.

The type is no. 51775, U.S. National Museum, from Gasegase River, at Vaimosa, Samoa, Jength
2 inches.

DROMBUS Jordan & Seale.

This genus, typified by D. palackyi from the Philippines, has the head crossed with rows of cirri
as in Mars and in Gobiomorphus. The scales are much larger than in Mars, and the yentrals are
united. There are no teeth’on the yomer.

1449. Drombus tutuile Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.
Head 2.75 in length; depth 4.5; eye 3.5 in head; snout 4.2; scales rather large, about 23 from pos-
terior margin of opercle; dorsal v1, 8; anal 8.

Fie. 88.—Drombus tutuile Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

Body elongate, compressed, anterior profile rounded; lower jaw the longer, projecting; head
roughened with numerous raised lines of rather large size which radiate from eye; others cross the
cheek, snout, and nuchal region, these probably functioning as mucus canals; minute teeth in jaws,
none on yomer or palatines; caudal peduncle 2.6 in head; origin of spinous dorsal slightly posterior to
a line with axil of ventrals, the longest spine 2 in head; base of soft dorsal about equal to its longest
ray, 1.75 in head; anal similar to soft dorsal, its base slightly less; pectorals rounded, rather long,
the tips under base of fifth dorsal ray; ventrals united into a flat disk which reaches to anal opening;
caudal rounded, about 1.1 in head.

Color in spirits, yellowish white, with 5 rather distinct vertical bands of black, the first at pos-
terior margin of opercle, the second from posterior half of spinous dorsal, the third from anterior
half of soft dorsal, the fourth from posterior half of soft dorsal obliquely down to axil of anal, the fifth
at base of caudal fin; there is also a dusky bloch on nuchal region just back of eye; top of head more
or less dusky; fins slightly darker than the body coloring, the dark bands of the body extending more
or less upon the dorsal fins; otherwise the fins apparently without distinct markings.

One specimen from Pago Pago, type no. 51770, U. 8. National Museum, length 0.75 inch.

400 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

1450. Drombus filamentosus (Sauvage). New Caledonia.
Gobius filamentosus Sauvage, Bull. Sci. Philom. 1883, 157, New Caledonia.
This species is said to have a multitude of small filaments on the lower side of the head and else-
where. We therefore refer it, with much doubt, to our genus Drombus.

RHINOGOBIUS Gill.

(Ctenogobius Jordan & Snyder, not of Gill; Coryphopterus Gill; Mugilogobius Smith. )

The genus contains small gobies allied to Gobius, but of feeble organization and with no silky rays
to the pectoral. The profile of the head is convex, anteriorly rounded. It differs from Ctenogobius in
having the tongue convex at tip and not forked or notched.

1451. Rhinogobius corallinus Jordan «& Seale, new species. Samoa.
Head 3.2 in length; depth 5; eye 3.1 in head; dorsal vr, 10; anal 8; scales 34.

Body elongate, compressed, largest at pectoral girdle; anterior profile of head obliquely pointed;
mouth small, the angle under the anterior of eye; small sharp-pointed teeth in jaws; opercle and pre-

Fia. 89.—Rhinogobius corallinus Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

opercle entire; caudal peduncle slender, its depth 2.5 in head, 2.2 in its length; origin of spinous dorsal
slightly posterior to line with axil of ventrals; the longest spine 1.95 in head; base of soft dorsal 1.2
in head, its longest ray 2.1; anal similar to soft dorsal, its base and length of rays slightly less, the
origin of the fin nearer to base of caudal than eye; pectorals greater than length of head, the tips
extending to below base of fifth dorsal ray; ventrals very large, united and extending to base of anal;
caudal rounded, equal to length of head.

Color in life of a specimen from Pago Pago, light gray with 3 dark brown cross-bars on back, the
third black, forming 2 confluent spots at base of caudal; five quadrate black spots along side, the last
being the lower part of the caudal bar; a narrower dark vertical spot between each pair; head grayish,
dotted; caudal pale orange, faintly barred; dorsal pale, faintly barred with darker; pectoral, anal, and
ventral pale.

Color in spirits, yellowish white with a slight shading of brown; about 9 brownish blotches along
side; 3 bands of brown over the back, the first at base of spinous dorsal, the second at posterior base
of soft dorsal, the third encircling base of caudal; side of head shaded with small black dots forming-a
more or less distinct blotch under eye; 2 indistinct blotches near upper axil of pectoral; fins unmarked,
except an indistinct shading of dusky on caudal; 2 or 3 indistinct dusky spots on dorsal.

One specimen from Pago Pago, type no. 51780, U. 8. National Museum, length 0.75 inch.

1452. Rhinogobius circumspectus (Macleay). New Guinea.
Gobius circumspectus Macleay, Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S. W. 1884, 268, Milne Bay (New Guinea).
14538. Rhinogobius neophytus (Giinther). Samoa; Ponape; Tahiti; Huahine. (Pl. xxxvut, fig. 2.)
Gobius neophytus Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 174, taf. 108, fig. , Ponape, Huahine, Apia, Tahiti.
Three specimens from Pago Pago, one from Apia, the body more slender than shown in Ginther’s

figure. In the slender pointed head this species differs notably from other species of Rhinogobius.
The lower jaw is projecting; the mouth oblique and placed low, the preorbital region being very broad;

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 401

tongue entire, its substance translucent. Rhinogobius muscarum agrees with R. neophytus in these
respects and perhaps the two should form a distinct genus.

Color in life perfectly translucent, with spots of dark orange, and some of pure black, one especially
on caudal peduncle.

1454. Rhinogobius muscarum Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3 in length; depth 5; eye 3.25 in head; scales about 25; dorsal v1, 9; anal 10.

Body elongate, compressed, anterior profile rounded; upper jaw slightly the longer and oyer-
hanging the lower; tongue not notched; angle of mouth under middle of eye; depth of caudal peduncle
3 in head; teeth on jaws and vomer, a clump of enlarged teeth in middle of lower jaw; tube at nostril
rather distinct; anal papilla distinct; origin of spinous dorsal on a line with axil of pectoral, the

Yarn

Fic. 90.—Rhinogobius muscarwm Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

height of the fin being about equal to its base; base of soft dorsal equal to its longest ray; base of anal
1.5 in head, its longest ray 2.75 in head, the origin of the fin slightly nearer base of caudal than
posterior margin of eye; pectoral 1.2 in head; ventrals united and disk-shaped, the anterior margin of
the membranous cup with 2 lobe-like points; ventrals rather short, not reaching to base of anal; caudal
1.2 in head. :

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, translucent whitish with rather large black points and with
angulated transverse narrow yellow bars; yellow markings on head.

Color in spirits, yellowish white, covering all the body with distinet round black spots slightly
larger than pin points; head, thorax, and belly with fewer spots; dorsal fins showing a few scattered
dark specks, caudal showing several bands of minute dots; anal with a few scattered dark spots;
ventrals marked indistinctly with dusky dots; pectoral white with numerous dark dots on base.

Six specimens from the coral reef of Pago Pago. Type no. 51782, U.S. National Museum, length
0.7 inch. This species belongs to the same group as khinogobius neophytus, distinguished from
typical Rhinogobius by the shape of snout and translucent body.

1455. Rhinogobius nebulosus (Forskal). Samoa; Papua; Palau Is.; Raiatea (Seale); East Indies.
Gobius nebulosus Forskal, Deser. Anim., 24, 1775, Red Sea.
Gobius criniger Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X11, 82, 1887, Dorey Harbor, New Guinea, Malabar.
Two specimens from the mouth of the Vaisigano River at Apia. Olive-green in life with darker
blotches and spots.

GOBIUS (Artedi) Linneus.

As now restricted the genus Gobius (type Gobius niger of Europe) includes the Old World species
only, having the dorsal rays about vi-12, the scales rather large, silk-like, the teeth not large, and the
tongue rounded.

1456. Gobius ornatus Riippell. Samoa; Fiji; Yap; New Guinea (Macleay); Ponape (Kner, Novara
Fische, 173); Shortland I. (Seale); East Indies.

402 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Nape scaly; tongue rounded; upper rays of the pectoral somewhat silky. This species represents
the typical genus Gobius and is found in shallow waters over coral sand behind the coral reefs of Apia.
It is not very common. Our specimens are all immature and have but a trace of the pearly spots on
the sides of the head and body. We have 4 specimens from Apia and 9 from Pago Pago.

Fic. 91.—Gobius ornatus Riippell.

1457. Gobius elegans Cuvier & Valenciennes. Vanicole; New Guinea.

1458. Gobius caledonicus Sauvage. New Caledonia.
Gobius caledonicus Sauvage, Bull. Sci. Philom. 1879, p. 8, New Caledonia.

1459. Gobius oligolepis Bleeker. New Hebrides (Seale); East Indies.

1460. Gobius concavifrons Ramsay & Ovilby. New Guinea.
Gobius concavifrons Ramsay & Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1886, 12, New Guinea.

MAPO Smitt.

Mapo Smitt, Afh. Vet. Kong. Ak. Stockholm 1899, 543 (soporator).

This genus is very close to Gobius, differing chiefly in the emarginate tongue. One of the species
is the most widely distributed of the gobies.

1461. Mapo fuscus (Riippell). Pa oju. Samoa; Hawaii; Fiji; Tahiti; Nukahiva and Makatea
(Seale); West Indies; East Indies; Panama. i
Gobius albopunctatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 57, 1837, Ne de France.

This species is very common throughout the South Seas, living by preference in rocky tide pools,
away from the coral reefs, in the region known as ‘‘iron-bound coast.’’ Five of our specimens are
from Vailele, 5 miles east of Apia; 3 from Aua, on the north shore of Tutuila, and 49 from the rocks
near Point Distress at Pago Pago.

Tongue notched; upper rays of pectoral silk-like; head broad; first dorsal v1, low.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, grayish olive, with oblong irregular spots of orange
brown, lighter or darker, and forming irregular lines; a dark dash. below eye; head speckled with
gray and brown; dorsals spotted like body; caudal more spotted, with a dark brown marginal band
and a pale tip; anal paler, also with a dark cross-shade; pectoral pale, spotted, with 3 blackish spots
at base; ventral pale. A larger example was darker and browner, with traces of 3 broad cross-bands.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 403

Those found in lava are largely black. The young have black cross-bands which vanish with
age. Those from Panama and Clarion islands show a little spotting of white and a trace of a black
lengthwise band.

We have thus far failed to separate the Pacific species called Gobius albopunctatus from the widely
diffused and very common Gobius or Mapo soporator of the American coasts.

1462. Mapo crassiceps Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3 in length; depth 4.75; eye 4.5 in head; dorsal v1, 10; anal 9; scales 32 counting from
posterior margin of opercle; interorbital very narrow, scarcely wider than profile of eye; snout 3.75 in
head; tongue emarginate.

Body elongate, compressed, largest at head, the cheeks being extremely gibbous, the head being
as wide as long, and much wider than deep; cheeks and interorbital region, naked; mouth rather
large, with several rows of small sharp-pointed teeth; angle of jaws not reaching to below middle of
eye; jaws equal in length; opercle and preopercle entire; about 12 fine silky rays on upper base
of pectoral; depth of caudal peduncle 2.95; origin of spinous dorsal posterior to a line with axil of

Fig. 92.—Mapo crassiceps Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

yentrals; base of spinous dorsal 2 in length; base of soft dorsal 1.75 in head, its longest ray 2.5 in head;
base of anal 2.18 in head, longest ray about 2 in head, origin of anal midway between base of caudal
and posterior margin of preopercle; pectorals 1.1 in head, the tips on a line with origin of soft dorsal;
ventral disk 2 in head, the anterior membrane of the fin with 3 points; caudal rounded, 1.25 in head.

Color in spirits, whitish with slight dusky wash, a small black dot just back of eye; opercle and
base of pectorals usually darker; posterior part of spinous dorsal with a black blotch; soft dorsal dusky,
darker in middle;, caudal dusky; anal dusky, lighter on base, pectoral and ventral dusky.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, yellowish-olive, mottled all oyer with blackish and grayish;
grayish spots on cheeks; fins all dusky, more or less barred; axil dusky.

The species is very close to Mapo fuscus, differing in the tumid cheeks and plain coloration.

Nine specimens from Apia taken in the mouth of the river Vaisigano and one from the Bay of
Apia. The type is no. 51777, U. 8. National Museum, from Apia, length 2.1 inches.

GLOSSOGOBIUS Gill.

1468. Glossogobius vaisiganis Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head, to tip of lower jaw, 3 in length; depth 5.5; eye 6 in head; dorsal v1, 10; anal 10; scales 29;
snout 3.6 in head; interorbital very narrow, scarcely greater than pupil; eyes on dorsal profile.

Body elongate, compressed, largest at pectoral girdle; head pointed, the lower jaw the longer,
about one-half the width of eye, longer than upper jaw; mouth large, the angle below the posterior
margin of eye; several rows of fine sharp-pointed teeth in the jaws and on yomer; tongue deeply
forked; caudal peduncle 3.25 in head; anal papilla distinct; origin of spinous dorsal slightly posterior
to line with axil of ventral, its base 3 in head; base of soft dorsal 1.5 in head, its longest ray 2 in head;
anal fin similar to soft dorsal, its size slightly smaller and its origin a little posterior to line with origin
of soft dorsal, its origin nearer to base of caudal than to eye; pectoral extending to a line with origin
of soft dorsal; origin of yentrals directly below base of pectoral, their tip extending to anal papilla;
ventral fins united and with a shallow membranous cup; caudal rounded, 1.5 in head.

404 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Life colors of a specimen from Vaisigano River, dark olive, with lighter yellowish olive; no bright
colors. Dorsal v1-1, 9.

Color in spirits, olive-brown, lighter below, 7 dusky blotches along median line of sides, and about
6 narrow blackish longitudinal lines along middle of scales; a black spot on base of pectoral with a
short black line below it; head more or less mottled with black blotches, some lighter dots and lines
on lower jaw; spinous dorsal yellowish, a broad black band crossing its upper third; soft dorsal dusky
yellow with about 5 indistinct blackish oblique bands; caudal with about 6 vertical dusky bands, the
lower part of the bands being the broader; anal colored similar to soft dorsal; pectoral yellowish with
indication of 5 or 6 narrow darker lines; ventrals dusky with white margin.

This species has the form, general coloration, and forked tongue of the Japanese species, Glossogo-
bius brunneus, but it differs in some details of coloration, notably the presence of dark lengthwise
streaks.

Fic. 93.—Glossogobius vaisiganis Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

Four specimens from the lower reaches of Vaisigano River at Apia, and one specimen from Pago
Pago. The type is no. 51774, U. 8. National Museum, from Vaisigano River, near Apia, length 3
inches.

CHENOGOBIUS Gill.

We refer a Samoan species to this Japanese genus. It agrees with the type in the elongate body,
the small scales, the projecting lower jaw, notched tongue, and in the short fins, the dorsal having but
6 spines.

1464. Chzenogobius erythrops Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa. (PI. xxxvu, fig. 3.)

Head 3.1 in length; depth 5.5; eye 3.2 in head; dorsal v1, 9; anal 7; scales about 41 counting from
posterior margin of opercle; snout 3.4 in head.

Body elongate, compressed; snout pointed, the under jaw decidedly the longer; mouth large, the
angle under the anterior margin of eye; teeth in jaws in a single row, with some of the anterior ones
enlarged and distinct; teeth on yomer, none on palatines; tongue notched at tip; opercle and preopercle
entire; anal papilla distinct; depth of caudal peduncle 2.7 in head; spinous dorsal with its origin above
pase of ventrals, its longest spine 2 in head; base of soft dorsal 1.75 in head, its longest ray about 2;
anal similar to soft dorsal, its base and length of rays slightly less; origin of anal about midway between
eye and base of caudal fin; pectoral 1.75 in head; in the type specimen the upper 5 rays are not
connected except on basal half, but they may have been torn loose accidentally; ventrals united,
disk-shaped; the anterior membrane with 2 points, the diameter of disk 2 in head; caudal rounded,
1.75 in head. :

Life color, pearly white above; sides darker and with black points; eye rosy around pupil; rosy
longitudinal preocular bars on head.

Color in spirits, almost uniform white, with scattered fine dots like pin points, a slight dusky
blotch at base of caudal, one on snout, and another posterior to eye; markings all indistinct; fins
without markings, except some very fine scattered dots like pin pricks.

One specimen, from Pago Pago, type no.:51781, U. 8. National Museum, length 0.6 inch.

AWAOUS Steindachner.
Les Awaous Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 95, 1837 (ocellaris, ete. ).
Awaous Valenciennes, Steindachner, Verh. Akad. Wiss. Wien 1860, 289, after Cuvier & Valen-
ciennes, no explanation; no type named, reference to Valenciennes implied.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 405

Chonophorus Poey, Syst. Gob., 320 1874, (bucculentus=banana).
Awaous Bleeker, Rey. Gob., 320, 1875 (ocellaris).
Trichopharynx Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1897, 769 (crassilabris).

This genus contains large gobies of the tropical rivers, characterized by a peculiar physiognomy,
and by the presence of small fleshy flaps on the shoulder-girdle; tongue adnate to floor of mouth. It
is probable that the generic name Awaous should be adopted for this group, on the strength of its use
in a subgeneric sense by Steindachner.

1465. Awaous stamineus (Valenciennes). Hawaii.

1466. Awaous ocellaris (Broussonet). Mano’o; I’a pala, Tahiti; Samoa; Rarotonga; Fiji, in
streams.

Gobius ocellaris Broussonet, Dec. Ichth., pl. 142, 1782, Tahiti, coll. Solander. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat.

Poiss., XII, 98 1837, Ile de France, Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 177, taf. 108, fig. c, Samoa, Rarotonga, Viti Levu.

We have 2 specimens from the stream at Pago Pago and 20 specimens of various sizes from the
Vaisigano River at Apia. The species is common in the river where the current is broad and swift.
It reaches a length of 6 inches. There are scales on upper edge of cheeks and opercles, not on the
whole side of head as shown in Ginther’s figure. ,

Life colors of 2 specimens from Apia, called mano’o ia pala, mottled green; dorsals and anal red-
tinged; a large black ocellus on dorsal; caudal with 2 or 3 black bars; soft dorsal with 3 black bars;
anal reddish, pale-edge; ventral reddish. Adult males nearly black with black lower fin.

1467. Awaous crassilabris (Giinther). Rivers of Oualan; Aneiteum; Shortland I. (Seale).
Gobius crassilabris Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 178, 1873, Oualan, Aneiteum.
This species is common in the streams of Malanesia. It was not taken by us. It resembles

Awaous ocellaris, but lacks the black ocellus on the dorsal. It may not be different from Awaous
guamensis.

1468. Awaous guamensis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Guam.
Gobius guamensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 103, 1837, streams of Guam, Sauvage, Bull. Sci.
Phil. 1879, 7, Guam.
1469. Awaous genivittatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Teli. Rivers of Hawaii; Fiji; Samoa;
Tahiti; New Hebrides.
Gobius geniviltatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., 64, 1837, Tahiti. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 170, taf. 910, fig. c,
Tahiti, Fiji, Samoa, Hawaii.
Abundant in the quiet pools and sluggish reaches of the Vaisigano and other rivers. We have 5
specimens from Vaisigano River.

EXYRIAS Jordan & Seale, new genus.
Exyrias Jordan & Seale, new genus of Gobiidee ( Gobius puntangoides Bleeker).

1470. Exyrias puntangoides (Bleeker). Ponape; Shortland I. (Seale); Cebu.
Gobius puntangoides Bleeker, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., vy, 1853, 242.

This East Indian species, not seen by us, resembles an Awaous, although figured as haying the
cheeks fully scaled.
AMBLYGOBIUS Bleeker.

Amblygobius Bleeker, Arch. Neer]. 1875, 322 (sphinx).
Odontogobius Bleeker, Arch. Neerl. 1875, 323 (bynoensis).
This genus is distinguished by the small scales, the robust form, and the presence of strong canines
in the lower jaw. The species, like most of those of the related genus, Pterogobius, are cross-banded.
We can see no generic differences separating Odontogobius from Amblygobius.

1471. Ambiygobius semicinctus (Kner). Fiji; Oualan.
Gobius semicinctus, Kner, Sitz, Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, Oualan, Fiji.
1472. Amblygobius phalzena (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Vanicolo; Samoa; Palau Is.; Tonga;
Faté (Seale).

Gobius phalena, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X11, 92, 1887, Vanicolo. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 178,
taf. 111, Palau, Samoa, Tonga.

406 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. .

This handsome species is rather common on the soft bottom behind the coral reefs of Apia. It is
closely related to Amblygobius bynoensis, the genus being characterized by the presence of rather strong
canines on the side of the jaw. Seales small, covering top of head, and extending on opercle above;
pectorals with no silk-like rays; dorsal v1, 15; anal 14.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, dark olive; 5 dark brown bands, each edged on both sides
with light blue, the bands broader than the grayer interspaces; from middle of each brown band a
narrower bar crosses the back; head with many oblong and round sky-blue spots darker than the
interspaces; 2 rows of orange spots on each side of nape; a round black shoulder spot; some bluish
oblong dashes on front of side; first dorsal olive, with a black central blotch and a black edge; second
dorsal mottled gray, then edged with light yellow, black and brown; caudal brownish, dusky behind;
a black ocellus near base above; anal grayish with a row of whitish spots at base and a black edge;
ventral black, paler centrally; pectoral bright golden yellow, with a blue horizontal streak and 2 blue
spots at base. Body compressed, the scales rather small.

Another specimen, male, has 4 plain black cross-bars and 5 ocelli on caudal irregularly placed;
the black margin broader, the dorsal with 2 rows of bluish dots, the anal with a bluish streak.

A third specimen from this locality was olive-green with round spots of grayish blue on head
surrounded by dark blue streak; first dorsal olive with a black spot; second dorsal olivaceous mottled
with dark brown; caudal light brownish with 2 black spots; a black spot above gill-opening; lower
fins pale.

Seven specimens from Apia.

1473. Amblygobius papuanus (Peters). New Guinea.
Gobius papuanus Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 839, New Guinea.
1474. Amblygobius sphinx (Cuvier & Valenciennes). New Guinea; East Indies.

A very robust species with black cross-bands.
CRYPTOCENTRUS Ehrenberg.

Cryptocentrus (Ehrenberg) Bleeker, Arch. Neerl. 1875, 322 (ceryptocentrus).
This genus, as understood by us, comprises species allied to Rhinogobius but covered with small
scales, instead of large ones.
1475. Cryptocentrus leucostictus (Gunther). Tonga.
i Gobius leucostictus Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, 664, Tonga. Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 176, Tonga.

This species, which we have not seen, seems to belong near Cryptocentrus.

VITRARIA Jordan & Evermann. ,
1476. Vitraria clarescens Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.

PSELAPHIAS Jordan & Seale, new genus.

Pselaphias Jordan & Seale, new genus of Gobiidee ( Gobius ophthalmonemus) .

This genus is close to Gobionellus (hastatus) , and still closer to Oxyurichthys (belosso), differing from
both in the presence of a tentacle above the eye.

1477. Pselaphias ophthalmonemus (Bleeker). Samoa; Fiji; Akyab; East Indies.

Gobius ophthalmonema Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind. 1856, x11, 208.
Euctenogobius ophthalmonemus, Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 180, taf. 111, fig. B, Tonga, Fiji, Akyab.

Life colors of an Apia specimen, a black bar below eye; dull olive with quadrate and other blotches
along side; back mottled; no pale spots; no bright colors; fins much mottled; dorsal with a black
blotch on last rays.

Three specimens from a sluggish bayou of Vaisigano River at Apia. Dorsal filamentous.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 407

WAITEA Jordan & Seale, new genus,

Waitea Jordan & Seale, new genus of Gobiidee (type Gobius mystacina).

This genus, of which Gobius mystacina is the type, is close to Gobionellus, but it has the maxillaries
produced backward after the fashion of Opisthognathus. It is named for Mr. Edgar R. Waite, of
Sydney, the excellent curator of fishes in the Australian Museum (now at the Museum of Christchurch,
New Zealand).

Fic. 94.—Waitea mystacina (Cuvier & Valenciennes),

1478. Waitea mystacina (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Samoa; Jaya.
Color nearly plain olive-green.
GOBIICHTHYS Klunzinger.
This genus has the elongate body and sharp caudal fin of Gobionellus, but the upper teeth are in
one series.
1479. Gobiichthys lonchotus (Jenkins). Hawaii.
1480. Gobiichthys papuensis (Cuyier & Valenciennes). New Guinea; East Indies.

GOBIONELLUS Girard.

This genus contains elongate species with the caudal fin produced, the lower jaw flat, and the
teeth small, in bands.

1481. Gobionellus atriclypeus (Garman). Fiji.
Gobius atriclypeus Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1908, 238, XXXIX, with plate, Fiji.

This species, from Fiji, is unknown to us. From the slender form and acuminate caudal and the
teeth in bands we refer it to Gobionellus.

GOBIOPTERUS Bleeker.
Gobioplerus Bleeker, Arch. Neerl. 1875, 311 (brachypterus).
This genus differs from Apocryptes in the large scales and short dorsal and anal.

1482. Gobiopterus farcimen Jordan & Eyermann. Hawaii.

APOCRYPTODON Bleeker.
Scales about 50.

1483. Apocryptodon fasciatus (Macleay). New Guinea (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1884, 268).

PSEUDAPOCRYPTES Bleeker.

Pseudapocryptes Bleeker, Arch. Neerl. 1875, 327 (lanceolatus).
This genus is said to differ from Apocryptes (bato) in the tumid teeth and the minute scales.

1484. Pseudapocryptes lanceolatus (Bloch & Schneider). Tahiti (Kner, Novara Fische, 180);.
East Indies.

408 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

1485. Pseudapocryptes punctularum (De Vis). South Seas (probably Banks Group).
Gobiosoma punctularum De Vis, Proe. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1884, 449,
This species, and the closely allied Gobiosoma guttulatum Macleay from Australia, said to be
scaleless, must be based on specimens of Psewdapocryptes, in which the minute scales have been
overlooked. They have no affinity with Gobiosoma.

MARS Jordan & Seale, new genus.

Mars Jordan & Seale, new genus of Gobiidee (strigilliceps).

This genus, typified by Mars strigilliceps, has the appearance of an ordinary goby with small scales,
as in Cryptocentrus, which it much resembles. On the vomer, however, are 2 or 3 large blunt teeth,
and the head is provided with minute filaments and pores arranged in straight lines and running in
various directions, somewhat as in Quisquilius and in Drombus. The canals on the planet Mars perhaps
justify the name of this genus.

1486. Mars strigilliceps Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3.2 in length; depth 5; eye 4 in head; snout 5 in head; dorsal v1, 11; anal 1, 9; scales 65,
counting from posterior margin of opercle.

Body elongate, conipressed, the anterior profile rounded; jaws equal; mouth rather large, the
angle below middle of eye; several rows of small, sharp-pointed teeth in jaws; rather large blunt

Fic. 95.—Mars strigilliceps Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

teeth on palatines and vomer, no teeth on tongue; opercle and preopercle entire; head without scales;
a number of fine distinct raised chain-like lines radiating from eye and extending over or across the
cheek;- one across the nuchal region, joined by 3 or 4 other similar lines which run longitudinally on
nuchal region; these probably serve as a mucus system; caudal peduncle 2.75 in head; second spine
of soft dorsal elongate, filiform, about equal to length of head; base of soft dorsal 1.25 in head, its
longest ray 1.75 in head; anal similar to soft dorsal, but with base and the anterior rays slightly
shorter; pectorals 1.1 in head, the tips under origin of soft dorsal; ventrals united, rather elongate, 1.25
in head, a distinct shallow membranous cup at base, the membrane entire; caudal rounded, about
1.25 in head.

Life colors, dark olive with 4 narrow grayish cross-bands, rather obscure; front of head dusky;
lower part of head brenze-olive, with 6 sharply defined irregular white cross-bands; similar fainter
cross-bands on belly; the white bar from front of spinous dorsal crossing base of pectoral and
forming a ring about body; base of pectorals with white marblings; fins dusky olive with no clear
markings; scales small; head with numerous lines of small pores each with a minute filament.

Color in spirits gray, with slight bluish wash; about 4 indistinct dusky blotches along side, the
blotch on side of caudal peduncle being most distinct; 5 distinct bands of black alternating with
bluish white surrounding the under part of head and throat, the posterior band white and extending

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 409

from upper posterior margin of opercle around thorax at base of ventrals; about 5 light-blue bands
around belly; 3 indistinct lighter lines over the back, 2 on nuchal region and 1 extending obliquely
down from base of spinous dorsal; dorsal fins grayish with about 5 oblique dusky lines; 2 or 3 indistinct
dusky bands on caudal; pectoral with 3 or 4 very indistinct dusky cross-bands, the base of the fin
bluish with 2 or 3 dusky blotches; anal and ventral dusky without distinct marking.

One specimen from Apia. Type no. 51778, U. 8. National Museum, length 2 inches.

KELLOGGELLA Jordan & Seale, new genus.

Kelloggella Jordan & Seale, new genus of Gobiidee (cardinalis).
Brilliantly colored little fishes, allied to Gobiosoma, the body naked, but with only 6 dorsal spines,
the body and head more elongate. Coral reefs of Samoa. The genus, typified by Kelloggella cardinalis,
is named for its discoverer, Vernon Lyman Kellogg, professor of entomology in Stanford University.

1487. Kelloggella cardinalis Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa. (Pl. ii, fig. 1.)

Head 4.5 in length; depth 6; eye 4 in head; dorsal yr, 13; anal 9; no scales; interorbital one-half
of eye; snout 4.

Body elongate, compressed; anterior profile rounded; the lower jaw a little the shorter, the angle
under middle of eye; small sharp teeth in jaws, none on vomer or palatines; opercle and preopercle
entire; width of gill-opening 2.1 in head; caudal peduncle strong, its depth 1.5 in head; origin of
spinous dorsal posterior to a line with base of ventral; base of spinous dorsal 1.15 in head, its longest
spine 2 in head; base of soft dorsal 2.8 in length of fish without caudal, its longest ray 2 in head;
pectoral slightly longer than head, its tip on line with sixth dorsal spine; ventrals small, 1.2 in head,
their origin below axil of pectorals, their tips on line with base of fifth dorsal spine; the 2 fins fully
united; caudal rounded, equal to head.

Life colors of the type specimen clear grass green, rather pale; both dorsals, caudal, and anal bright
cherry-red; anal greenish in front; pectoral and ventral green. Two larger specimens were greenish
black, more greenish anteriorly; dorsal and anal bright orange edged with black; pectoral and ventral
bright golden green; candal gray.

Color in spirits, a uniform dull green, a little less shaded on head and belly; fis all yellowish
white; some specimens with a dusky margin to dorsals, caudal, and anal; the dorsals are also darker
at base.

Three specimens from Pago Pago. The type is no. 51785, U. 8. National Museum, length 1.12
inches.

1488. Kelloggella oligolepis (Jenkins). Hawaii.

This species bears litle resemblance to the genus Hnypnias to which it has been referred. It may
be provisionally placed in Kelloggella, from which it differs in form and in the presence of a few scales
on the posterior part of the body.

GOBIODON Kuhl & Van Hasselt.

Gobiodon Kuhl & Van Hasselt, Bleeker, Boroe, 407, 1851 (histrio).
Small, deep-bodied gobies, entirely scaleless; jaws with canine teeth.
1489. Gobiodon histrio (Kuhl & Van Hasselt). Tonga; East Indies.

1490. Gobiodon rivulatus Rippell. Tahiti; Guam; Tonga; Bonham I.; Vayau; Solomon Is.;
Meduro; New Britain (Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 840); East Indies.

1491. Gobiodon ceramensis Bleeker. Fiji; East Indies.
Gobiodon ceramensis, Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 180, Fiji.

1492. Gobiodon atrangulatus Garman. Fiji.
Gobiodon atrangulatus Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp, Zool. XXxX1x, 1903, 235, Fiji.

1493. Gobiodon flavidus De Vis. Banks Group, east of New Guinea.
Gobiodon flavidus De Vis, Proce. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1884, 449.

1494. Gobiodon axillaris De Vis. Banks Group, east of New Guinea.
1495. Gobiodon lineatus De Vis. Banks Group, east of New Guinea.
1496. Gobiodon inornatus De Vis. Banks Group, east of New Guinea.

B. B. F.1905—27

410 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

PSEUDOGOBIODON Bleeker.

Pseudogobiodon Bleeker, Arch. Neerl. 1875, 309 (citrinus).
No canine teeth, otherwise like Gobiodon.

1497. Pseudogobiodon citrinus (Riippell). Uditui (big-head). Samoa; Ponape (Giinther); East
Indies.

This species is very abundant in the coral reefs at Apia, where we obtained 32 specimens. The
ground color varies from yellow to brown, but the blue vertical stripes are very constant.

One specimen in life from Apia, yellow-olive; fins all orange, the edges deep orange, the first dorsal
edged with black; iris orange. Another was brown, tinged with orange; a blue line down from eye;
a black opercular spot with a vertical blue line before and behind it; orange deepest under eye and on
edge of pectoral. Other specimens were blackish olive; fins all broadly edged with blackish orange;
no black edge on dorsal; a black spot on end of cpercle.

1498. Pseudogobiodon verticalis (Macleay). New Guinea.
Gobiodon verticalis Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1884, 333.

SICYOPTERUS Gill.

Sicyopterus Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 101 (stimpsont).

Lower jaw with 2 canines in front, snout tumid, projecting over the small mouth; body with small
scales.

1499. Sicyopterus stimpsoni Gill. Streams of Hawaii.
Sicyopterus stimpsoni Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila, 1860, 101, streams of Hawaii.
Sicydium nigrescens Ginther, Shore Fishes Challenger, 60, 1880, streams about Hilo.
1500. Sicyopterus teniurus (Gunther). Fiji; Aneiteum; Samoa; in streams.
Sicydium lagocephalus Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1868, 35, Viti Levu (Fiji), Namusi stream; not of Cuvier &
Valenciennes.
Sicydinus macrostetholepis Kner, op. cit., 35, Samoa; not of Bleeker.
Sicydium teniurum Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 183, Viti Levu, Aneiteum, New Hebrides. Ogilvie-Grant,
Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1884, 161, Aneiteum, Viti Levu.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, dark olive; 7 or 8 diffuse spots along side; a trace of
lateral stripe along head; a black bar below eye; caudal pale olive with 3 black lengthwise stripes, the
upper and lower oblique; dorsals plain dusky olive; pectoral plain olive; scales small; first dorsal
pointed; ventral very small; head depressed; mouth inferior; teeth large; body low.

Two specimens agreeing very well with Gunther’s figure were taken in the stream at Pago Pago.

1501. Sicyopterus albotzeniatus (Gunther).
Sicyopterus alboteniatus Giinther; Fische der Stidsee, 184, Hawaii.

This fish is known only from the drawing of Mr. Andrew Garrett, made at Hilo, and published
by Dr. Ginther.

1502. Sicyopterus pugnans (Ogilvie-Grant). Samoa (Grant).
Sicydium pugnans Ogilvie-Grant, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1884, 160, pl. x1, Savaii.

This species, from the rivers of the island of Savaii, was not seen by us.

1503. Sicyopterus tauz Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 4.5 in length; depth 6.75; eye 4 in head; dorsal v1, 13; anal 11; scales about 62; snout 3.5;
interorbital 3 in head.

Body elongate, compressed; the snout somewhat projecting, overhanging the small mouth; minute
teeth in jaws and on vomer and palatines; depth of caudal peduncle 2 in head; origin of spinous dorsal
posterior to line with distal end of ventrals, its longest spine 1.5 in head; base of soft dorsal 3.45 in
length without caudal, its longest ray about 1.35 in head; anal similar to soft dorsal, its longest ray
about 1.5 in head; origin of anal distinctly below origin of soft dorsal, being about equally distant
between tip of snout and base of caudal fin; pectoral, 1.1 in head; ventral disk 2 in head, the anterior
membranous margin of the cup entire; caudal almost square, its length 1.1 in head.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 411

Color in spirits, yellowish with 7 rather broad bands of brownish over the back and down on side
to a little below median line, the posterior one being at base of caudal and forming a complete dusky
ring around caudal base; a row of about 10 small dark spots along base of soft dorsal; a dusky line at
base of anal; sides and top of head somewhat shaded with minute dark dots; fins without distinct
markings, a dark spot between eye and angle of mouth.

Fic. 96.—Sicyopterus taux Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

One specimen, type no. 51786, U. S. National Museum, from Vaisigano River, Apia; length 1.35
inches. It is named for Taua, a Rarotonga man, the most skillful of the fishermen of Apia.

MICROSICYDIUM Bleeker.

Microsicydium Bleeker, Arch. Neerl. 1875, 315 (gymnauchen).
This genus may be provisionally distinguished from Sicyopterus by the large scales, 30 to 40.

1504. Microsicydium elegans (Steindachner). Tonga.
Sicydium elegans Steindachner, Sitz. Ak, Wiss. Wien 1879, 152, Tonga.

This strikingly colored species is well distinguished by its large scales (32). It was not taken
by us.
LENTIPES Gunther.
Body naked, or nearly so.

1505. Lentipes concolor (Gill). Rivers of Hilo, Hawaii.
1506. Lentipes seminudus Giinther. Rivers of Hilo, Hawaii.
This species, which we have not seen, may be the type of a distinct genus.
GOBIOIDES Lacépéde.

1507. Gobioides totoyensis Garman. Fiji.

Gobioides totoyensis Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. XX XIX, no. 8, 1901, 235, Totoya (Fiji Is.).

Family ECHENEIDIDA

PHTHEIRICHTHYS Gill.

“" 1508. Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies). Pacific Ocean (Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 156);
tropical Atlantic (as a parasite on barracudas).

LEPTECHENEIS Gill.

1509. Leptecheneis naucrates (Linnzeus). Talitaliuli. Samoa; Hawaii; New Guinea; warm seas
generally.

One very large specimen of this common fish was taken at Apia. Dorsal xxrv, 37.
Life color, all dark brown; lateral band obscure.

ECHENEIS (Artedi) Linneus. (Remora Gill.)

1510. Echeneis remora Linnieus. Hawaii; warm seas generally.

412 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

REMORINA Jordan & Evermann.

1511. Remorina albescens (Schlegel). Marcus I. (Bryan & Herre, Bishop Museum, 1903); New
Guinea; China and Japan; America.

REMOROPSIS Gill.

1512. Remoropsis brachyptera (Lowe). Pacific Ocean; warm seas; Japan.

Family PLEURONECTIDE.

PLATOPHRYS Swainson. Ali.
1513. Platophrys mancus (Broussonet). Ali. Samoa; Johnston I.; New Guinea; Bougainville Is.;
Rarotonga; Tahiti; Makatea; Tubuai and Faté (Seale); East Indies.

Pleuronectes mancus Broussonet, Ich. Decas., 1782, with plate, Tahiti; not mancus of Risso or Giinther=Platophrys
podas.
vhombus macropterus Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, 236, 1824, Rawak (New Guinea), on a rough drawing.
Rhombus pavo Bleeker, Kokos, 111, 177, Kokos.
Rhomboidichthys pavo, Gunther, Cat., Iv 4385; East Indies. Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 844, Bougainville Is.

This species is common on the sandy shores of Samoa, where it reaches a considerable size. It
may be readily distinguished from Platophrys pantherinus by the larger number of anal rays (about 80),
by the more varied coloration, by the form of the arch of the lateral line, and by other characters. it
has been found at Johnston Island, but has not yet been recorded from Hawaii. We have 6 specimens,
large and small, from Apia and Pago Pago. :

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, yellowish gray; spots bluish gray with rim of darker gray; those
on fins grayish white and grayish orange; 2 dark spots on lateral line.

1514. Platophrys pantherinus (Riippell). Ali. Hawaii; Samoa; Marquesas Is.; East Indies.
Passer marchionessarum Valenciennes, Voy. Venus, Poiss., 344, pl. 9, Marquesas Is.

This species is very common about Hawaii. It is not rare about Samoa, where it is confounded
with Platophrys mancus. by the natives under the name of ali. We have 4 specimens from Apia. It
is easily distinguished on comparison of specimens, the constantly smaller number of anal rays being
diagnostic.

1515. Platophrys chlorospilus Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

1516. Platophrys inermis Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

SCHOPS Jordan & Starks.
1517. Sceops spilura (Ginther). New Guinea.
Rhomboidichthys spilurus Gunther, Challenger Fishes, 1880, 47.

1518. Sceeops xenandrus Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

ENGYPROSOPON Gunther.

1519. Engyprosopon arenicola Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.

1520. Engyprosopon hawaiiensis Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii.

PSEUDORHOMBUS Bleeker. (Mhombiscus Jordan & Snyder.)

1521. Pseudorhombus triocellatus (Bloch & Schneider). Tahiti (Kner, Novara Fische, 1867, |
284); Hast Indies.

This East Indian species is once recorded from Tahiti. We doubt the accuracy of the record.

1522. Pseudorhombus guttulatus Macleay. New Guinea.
Pseudorhombus guttulatus Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1884, 276.

1528. Pseudorhombus ocellatus Giinther. Admiralty Is.
Pseudorhombus ocellatus Gunther, Challenger Fishes, 1880, 46.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 413

PQCILOPSETTA Ginther.

1524. Poecilopsetta hawaiiensis Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

THNIOPSETTA Gilbert.
1525. Tzeniopsetta radula Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
ANTICITHARUS Gunther.
1526. Anticitharus debilis Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
SAMARISCUS Gilbert.
1527. Samariscus corallinus Gilbert. Hawaii.
CHASCANOPSETTA Gilbert.
1528. Chascanopsetta prorigera Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
NEMATOPS Ginther.

1529. Nematops microstoma Giinther. Admiralty Is.

Nematops microstoma Giinther, Challenger Fishes, 1880, 57.
PELECANICHTHYS Gilbert & Cramer.

1530. Pelecanichthys crumenalis Gilbert & Cramer. Deep seas of Hawaii.

Family SOLEIDA.
SOLEICHTHYS Bleeker.
1531. Soleichthys heterorhinos (Bleeker). Fiji (Giinther); Samoa (Kner); East Indies.
MICROBUGLOSSUS Gunther.

1532. Microbuglossus nigrostriolatus (Kner & Steindachner). Fiji.
Solea nigrostriolata Kner & Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1870, 427, Viti Levu (Fiji).

ASERAGGODES Bleeker.

1533. Aseraggodes melanostictus (Peters). Bougainville Is.

Achirus melanostictus Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 845, Bougainville Is.

1534. Aseraggodes pellucidus (Bennett). Open Pacific.
Achirus pellucidus Bennett, Whaling Voyage, 277, 1840, Pacific, open sea.
This larval sole has not been recognized since the original description. We do not know to what

genus it belongs.
PARDACHIRUS Gunther.

1535. Pardachirus pavoninus (Lacépéde). Faté; New Hebrides (Seale); East Indies.
ZEBRIAS Jordan & Snyder.
1536. Zebrias dicholepis (Peters). New Hanover; Bismarck Is.

Synaptura dicholepis Peters, Berl. Mon. 1875, 844, New Hanover (Bismarck Is.).
SYMPHURUS Rafinesque.
1537. Symphurus undatus Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
1538. Symphurus strictus Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

Family URANOSCOPIDA.
URANOSCOPUS Cuvier.

1539. Uranosccpus sulphureus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Tonga.
Uranoscopus sulphureus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vitt, 495, 1831, Tonga. Giinther, Cat., rr, 229,
Tonga. ,

414 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
1540. Uranoscopus fuscomaculatus Kner. Kandavyu in Fiji.
Uranoscopus fuscomaculatus Kner, Sitz, Ak, Wiss. Wien 1868, 319, Kandavu (Fiji).

1541. Uranoscopus papuensis Bleeker. Waigiu.

Family CHAMPSODONTID.

CHAMPSODON Ginther.
1542. Champsodon vorax Giinther. Admiralty Is.; Japan.
1543. Champsodon fimbriatus Gilbert. Hawaii.

Family PERCOPHIDIDA.

MACRIAS Gill & Townsend.

1544. Macrias amissus Gill & Townsend. Deep seas of the Southern Pacific.
Macrias amissus Gill & Townsend, Science, 1901, 9387, Pacific, deep sea.

Known from the type only. Said to be the largest bathybial fish known.

Family PTEROPSARIDA.

PARAPERCIS Bleeker.

1545. Parapercis tetracanthus (Lacépéde). Ta’oto. Samoa; Fiji; Guam; Palau Is.; East
Indies.

Percis tetracanthus Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind, 1853, 458. Giinther, Cat., 11, 241, Fiji, Amboina. Giinther, Fische
der Siidsee, 158, taf. xcrit, fig. B, Pelew, Samoa, Fiji.

Parapercis tetracanthus Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XX XIX, no. 8, 238, Fiji.

Parapercis cephalopunctatus Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 124, Guam.

Of this interesting species, half a dozen specimens were obtained in the reefs of Apia.
Life colors of one specimen: The dark markings bright olive brown, the belly white, the upper
parts light olive; no red; a large pure white spot on caudal with black before it.

1546. Parapercis hexophthalma (Ehrenberg). Fiji (Giinther); Louisiades; East Indies.
1547. Parapercis xanthozoma (Bleeker). Shortland I.; Solomon Group (Seale); East Indies.

1548. Parapercis alboguttata (Ginther). Misol.
Percis alboguttatus Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1872, 422, Misol.

OSURUS Jordan & Evermann.

1549. Osurus schauinslandi (Steindachner). Samoa.
Parapercis pterostigma Jenkins, Bull. U. §. Fish Comm., x1x, 1899 (1901), 402, fig. 15, Honolulu.

NEOPERCIS Steindachner.

1550. Neopercis roseoviridis Gilbert. Hawaii.

i BEMBROPS Steindachner.
1551. Bembrops filifera Gilbert. Hawaii.

CHRIONEMA Gilbert.
1552. Chrionema chryseres Gilbert. Hawaii.
1553. Chrionema squamiceps Gilbert. Hawaii.
OSOPSARON Jordan & Starks.

1554. Osopsaron incisum Gilbert. Hawaii.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 415

Family HARPAGIFERIDA.

DRACONETTA Jordan & Fowler.

1555. Draconetta hawaiiensis Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

Family RHYACICHTHYID.

RHYACICHTHYS Boulenger.

Platyptera Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 321, 1835 (aspro); name preoccupied.
Rhyacichthys Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1903 (aspro).

1556. Rhyacichthys aspro (Kuhl & Van Hasselt). Swift rivers in the Solomon Is. (Gunther,
Fische der Sudsee, 191); East Indies.

Family CALLIONYMID&.

CALLIURICHTHYS Jordan & Snyder.
1557. Calliurichthys simplicornis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Guam.
1558. Calliurichthys decoratus Gilbert. Hawaii.
1559. Calliurichthys japonicus (Houttuyn). New Guinea (Ginther); Japan.

CALLIONYMUS Linneus.
1560. Callionymus cooki Giinther. Rarotonga.

Callionymus cooki Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, 605, Rarotonga. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 192, taf. 113, fig. B,
Rarotonga.

1561. Callionymus calauropomus Richardson. New Ireland (Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 841);
Australia.

1562. Callionymus ceruleonotatus Gilbert. Hawaii.
1568. Callionymus rubrovinctus Gilbert. Hawaii.

1564. Callionymus corallinus Gilbert. Hawaii.

SYNCHIROPUS Gill.

1565. Synchiropus microps (Giinther). Tonga.

1566. Synchiropus lineolatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Bougainville I. (Peters, Berl. Mon.
1876, 841); East Indies.

1567. Synchiropus lili Jordan & Seale. Lili. Samoa. (Pl. iin, fig. 2.)

Head 3 in length; depth 5; eye 3.5 in head; dorsal 1v-8; anal 7; lateral line complete, running
near base of dorsal fins; interorbital equal to pupil; snout 4 in head.

Body elongate, widest at base of pectoral, compressed posteriorly; the anterior profile rounded to
the mouth; lower jaw slightly the longer; angle of mouth under anterior margin of eye; mouth small,
protractile, with minute teeth in jaws; caudal peduncle 3.75 in head; preopercular spine very strong
with 2 strong curved claws, one of which is directed inward; origin of dorsal fin directly above
posterior margin of opercle, its longest spine 2 in head; base of soft dorsal 1.1 in head; pectoral 1.3 in
head, its tip under third ray of dorsal; base of the large ventrals entirely anterior to base of pectorals,
the anterior margin of the base being anterior to preopercular spine; base of anal 1.1 in head, its
origin an equal distance from tip of snout and base of caudal fin; caudal rounded, 1.1 in head.

Color in spirits dark brown with tint of green, white below; 3 rather wide irregular bands of white
over the back, the first of these at posterior end of spinous dorsal and at origin of soft dorsal, this
band separated above by a small brown band, but the whole area joining into one band on the lateral
line; second white band at middle of soft dorsal, third over caudal peduncle, the 3 joined by irregular
blotches of whitish; 3 round white spots below median line of body, and a few scattered small white
dots over body; small blue dots over cheeks; 3 dark bands on underpart of head alternating with

416 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

white bands; spinous dorsal brown, the base black, with 4 distinct black ocelli on upper half of fin,
posterior to which are 4 vertical blue lines; soft dorsal with about 4 irregular oblique dusky bands;
caudal with a broad black band near middle, and a half band on upper posterior part; anal dusky,
with narrow white tip, a broad black intramarginal area and some narrow oblique blue lines; pectoral
clear yellow; ventral blackish with white band near middle, and a white margin.

Life colors, black mottled with dark gray; pectoral yellow, edged broadly with golden.

Two specimens from Apia. Type no. 51762, U. 8S. National Museum, length 1.35 inches.

Family BATRACHOIDID.

OPSANUS Rafinesque.

1568. Opsanus dubius (White). New Guinea (Macleay); Australia.
MARCGRAVIA Jordan.

1569. Marcgravia grunniens Linneus. New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies.

1570. Marcgravia diemensis (Richardson). New Guinea (Gunther, Challenger Rept. 1880, 39);
Australia.

Family BLENNIIDA.

ENNEAPTERYGIUS Rippell. (Hnneanectes Jordan; Gillias Evermann & Marsh. )

This genus as understood by us includes most of the Pacific species referred to Tripterygion. It
differs from Tripterygion as typified by the Mediterranean species, T. tripterygion, in the shorter jaws,
the presence of a cirrus above the orbit, and in the larger scales, The lateral line is always incomplete.
The species found in coral heads in Samoa are all minute, similar in size and habit to the species of
Eviota, but those found on the coast of Japan are much larger.

1571. Enneapterygius minutus (Giinther). Samoa.
Tripterygium minutum Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 211, taf. 118, fig. D, 1876, Apia.
Described from a specimen an inch long taken at Apia, from which place we have a similar
example. Apparently the fin rays were wrongly counted by Gunther, as ours has the dorsal rays
1-x!I, 10.

1572. Enneapterygius atriceps (Jenkins). Hawaii.

1573. Enneapterygius hemimelas (Kner & Steindachner). Samoa.
Tripterygium hemimelas Kner & Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, Liv, 1866, 372, Samoa. Giinther, Fische
der Stidsee, 210, 1876, Samoa.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, deep red mottled with dusky; posterior half of head blackish
olive above and below; posterior half of trunk abruptly black, with 3 white rings; fins all cherry-red,
the caudal abruptly pale red.

Another specimen from this locality had the middle third of body strongly rosy, also pectoral,
ventral, and anal, and head in front of eyes; behind eyes and in front of pectoral greenish with yel-
low spots and rosy and black points; hinder third greenish yellow and brownish bands alternately;
caudal clear with slight rosy tinge.

Five specimens from Apia and one from Pago Pago.

1574. Enneapterygius tusitale Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3.30 in length; depth 5.20; eye 3.10 in head; dorsal 111-x1-9; anal 17; scales 29, 9 in the lateral
line. Another-specimen had dorsal 111-x1-8; anal 16.

Body elongate, compressed, largest at shoulder-girdle; snout pointed, the angle of mouth under
the anterior margin of eye; minute teeth in jaws; middle of first dorsal fin over the posterior tip of
opercle; base of second dorsal equal to head, its longest spine 2 in head; base of third dorsal 2 in head;
base of anal 2.4 in length of fish without caudal, the origin nearer tip of snout than base of caudal;
pectorals long, 2.75 in fish without caudal, the tips under the posterior third of second dorsal; ventrals
2.1 in head, situated anterior to base of pectorals; caudal rounded, 1.14 in head.

Color greenish in life, the fins dark. In spirits, owing to the thick dots of brown all over the
body, this fish has a dusky appearance, but the ground color is really dull yellowish white; many of

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 417

the brown dots, especially on the cheek, belly, and thorax are modified into distinct ocelli, the center
being a black dot with the surrounding ring of brown; the cheek and a line to tip of snout are deep
black; no dark bands on the body, but traces of about 5 indistinct whitish blotches; dorsal fins
slightly shaded with 5 dark dots without lines; pectoral and caudal very dark, without bars or spots;
anal also thickly dotted with fine black specks, but not so dark as caudal or pectoral; eye golden with
one dark line through its length.

This species is very near 7. pardochir and an examination of a series may prove them to be identical.

Ra,

—=S

Fie. 97.—Enneapterygius tusitale Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

We have about 10 specimens from the reef at Apia. Type no. 51800, U. 8. National Museum,
from Pago Pago, length 0.85 inch. Named for the ‘‘tusitala’’ (story-teller) of Samoa, Robert Louis
Stevenson.

1575. Enneapterygius pardochir Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3.5 in length; depth 4.14; eye 3.1 in head; snout 4.5 in head; interorbital narrow, one-half
as wide as eye; dorsal ii1~x1-9; anal 18; scales 33; lateral line short, ending under posterior third of
second dorsal.

Body elongate, compressed, scaled; depth of caudal peduncle 3 in head; the lower anterior profile
of head slightly produced; angle of mouth under anterior third of eye; snout rather pointed and beak-

Vain.

Fic. 98.—Enneapterygius pardochir Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

like; minute teeth in jaws; a minute simple tentacle over eye and at nostril; middle of first dorsal over
the posterior margin of opercles; base of second dorsal slightly greater than length of head, its longest
spine 1.9 in head; 2 rows of scales between the second and third dorsal; base of third dorsal 1.4 in
head, its longest ray 2 in head, its distal end some distance from the caudal; a very prominent anal
papilla modified into an intromittent organ in males; anal fin rather long, its base 2.5 in length of fish,
its origin under the base of the sixth spine of second dorsal and its distal end on a line with end
of soft dorsal, the origin of the fin nearer tip of snout than base of caudal; pectoral equal to length of
head, its tip under the ninth spine of second dorsal; ventral 1.5 in head, its origin anterior to base of
pectoral; caudal rounded, 1.5 in head.

Life colors of various specimens were as follows:

(1) From Apia. Cherry-red with darker bars, most distinct and paired along side; iris scarlet;
fins all reddish, barred with brown; a black dot surrounded by pale at base of caudal.

418 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

(2) From Pago Pago. Rose-pink, with bands of dark brown-red, and of white; pectoral, dorsal,
and caudal barred with dark red-brown.

(3) From Pago Pago. With marks showing through from inside; outside whitish with abundant
black points; transverse blackish bar; pectoral barred.

(4) From Apia. Bright green, with bronze dots; sides with large white spots; 2 white dots at base
of caudal; pectoral banded white and reddish brown; iris golden; upper fins pale and dotted; lower
darker, the anal dark brown barred with white.

(5) Less green than the preceding, with traces of a brown lateral band.

Color in spirits, from yellowish white to light brown with. shading of darker brown spots, which
in young specimens show a tendency to form vertical irregular bands along sides, this showing only
at base of dorsal in type; the distinctive markings found on all specimens are 4 dark bands across the
pectoral, and 4 similar bands on the caudal, the 2 near the base the most distinct; dorsal fins also with
3 or 4 oblique dark band-like rows of blotches on their spines and rays; a few larger black spots on
cheeks and opercles.

Of this well-marked species we have 15 specimens from Pago Pago and Apia. Type no. 51799,
U.S. National Museum, from Apia, length 1.06 inches.

1576. Enneapterygius tutuile Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3 in length; depth 4; eye 3.1 in head; dorsal 111—xn1-9; anal 18; scales about 33; lateral line
ending under middle of second dorsal.

Body elongate, compressed, scaled; depth of caudal peduncle equal to eye; lower profile of head
projecting, the large eyes forming a convexity in the profile, otherwise the profile somewhat rounded

Fie. 99.—Enneapterygius tutuile Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

to the mouth, angle of mouth under middle of eye; snout rather pointed; minute teeth in jaws; a
short simple tentacle over eye and at nostril; first dorsal fin rather high and distinct, its base in front
of posterior margin of opercle; base of second dorsal about equal to head, its longest ray 2.5 in head;
base of third dorsal 1.75 in head, its longest ray 2.25 in head; origin of anal under sixth spine of sec-
ond dorsal, its base 2.5 in length of fish without caudal; its origin at equal distance between tip of
snout and base of caudal; pectoral slightly greater than length of head; caudal rounded, 1.25 in head; -
ventral situated anterior of pectoral, its length 1.25 in head.

Life colors of one specimen, greenish pinkish, with about 9 dark cross-bars, which become black-
ish bars across base of anal; a green bar between 2 white ones at base of caudal; fins barred with red-
dish brown; first and second dorsal blackish; head dotted and mottled with reddish.

Another specimen was translucent yellow white with many fine points, some rose-red, some black-
brown, mixed all over body and fins; head darker; the fine spots weakly segregated into transverse
bars, more distinct on belly.

Color in spirits, yellowish white, shaded with black spots tending slightly toward wide band-like
arrangements on back; a heart-shaped dusky area on nuchal region; the most conspicuous marking
is the 7 distinct vertical black bands of the anal fin; one dark band just in front of lower base of
pectoral; a black spot in front of intromittent organ, 2 or more dark blotches below the eye; a dusky

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 419

wash on anterior of first dorsal fin; second and third dorsals each with about 4 rather irregular oblique
blotches of dusky; caudal without markings; pectoral with 4 dusky blotches, ventral with 2 dusky
bars.

Four specimens from the reef at Pago Pago. The type is no. 51801, U. 8S. National Museum,
length 0.75 inch.

1577. Enneapterygius cerasinus Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3.5 in length; depth 4.5; eye 3 in head; dorsal m1-—xm—9; anal 15; scales about 36; lateral
line extending to below posterior part of second dorsal.

Body elongate, compressed, scaled; depth of caudal peduncle 3.15 in head; head pointed, the
mouth small; minute teeth in jaws; angle of mouth under anterior margin of pupil; a minute orbital
and nasal tentacle; middle of first dorsal fin not so high as second dorsal, its base 1.2 in height; base
of second dorsal slightly longer than head, its longest ray 2 in head; a space of one and one-half
rows of scales between second and third dorsal, base of third dorsal 1.45 in head, its longest ray 2 in
head, its last ray two-thirds of eye; origin of anal under seventh spine of second dorsal, midway
between tip of snout and tip of caudal, its base 2.3 in length of fish without caudal, its longest ray
2.5 in head; pectoral 1.14 in head; caudal slightly shorter; ventral 1.5 in head, the origin anterior
to pectoral.

Lue! 7) | an oe

Fic. 100.—Enneapterygius cerasinus Jordan & Seale, new species. Type. Se

Life colors, clear reddish brown marbled with olive; 2 blackish brown dots at base of caudal;
pectoral mostly plain scarlet; caudal pale orange; other fins feebly barred with brownish.

Color in spirits, yellowish white with a few scattered dark specks on upper half of body and head;
4 distinct black dots below eye; a few minute dots on snout and maxillary; anterior dorsal with 4
indistinct oblique bands of dusky; the second dorsal with an indistinct dusky submarginal band with
indications of 3 other longitudinal dusky bands, these being seen only under a good lens; all the other
fins uncolored.

One specimen, type no. 51802, U. S. National Museum, from Apia, length 1 inch.

1578. Enneapterygius hudsoni Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3.2 in length; depth 4.5; eye 3 in head; dorsal 11—xrv—10; anal 20; scales about 40; lateral
line extending to anterior third of last dorsal.

Body elongate, compressed, scaled, except head and a rather broad area on each side of first and
second dorsal; apparently a well developed system of mucus canals about the head; depth of caudal
peduncle equal to eye; anterior profile of head with the mouth slightly produced, forming an
angle somewhat greater than 45°; mouth small, the angle being under the middle of eye; minute teeth
in jaws; a small fringed tentacle at nostril; posterior margin of first dorsal over posterior margin of
opercle, fin high, its base 1.95 in height; second dorsal extending to above the tenth anal ray; the
base of last dorsal 1.5 in head, its longest ray 3 in head; origin of anal under base of seventh spine of
second dorsal, its base 2.25 in length of fish without caudal, its origin nearer tip of snout than base of
anal; pectoral slightly longer than head; ventral 1.75 in head; caudal rounded, about 1.5 in head.

Color in spirits, yellowish white with rather irregular brownish blotches, which are more regular
along the middle of sides, forming round dusky spots with slight oblique upward projections, these

‘

420 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

dark spots alternate with distinct white spots; top of head shaded darker, a rather distinct black band
from eye down sides of snout to near the tip; a number of fine black dots on opercle; an indication of
aboot 5 dusky bands, alternating with bands of white dots over the back; anal fin with dusky spot at
base; a rather prominent dusky spot on lower part of opercle; another just below eye; 3 dusky
blotches on pectoral; a slight dusky wash on posterior margin of second dorsal; 2 indistinct oblique
bands on last dorsal; first dorsal with scattered dark dots; caudal without markings.

Fig. 101.—Enneapterygius hudsoni Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

One specimen from Apia, type no. 51798, U.S. National Museum, length 1 inch. Named for Mr.
R. L. Hudson, the artist.

CRISTICEPS Cuvier & Valenciennes.
1579. Cristiceps roseus Giinther. New Guinea.

SAUVAGEA Jordan & Seale, new generic name.
Sauvagea Jordan & Seale, new generic name in Blenniide (caledonica).
Lepidoblennius Sauvage, Rey. Zool. 1874, 337 (caledonicus); not of Steindachner, 1867.

This genus, with 2 dorsals, the first of 8 spines, and the body scaly, is an ally of Clinus. The
name Lepidoblennius is preoccupied. We may therefore give the genus a new name in honor of its
discoverer, Dr. H. E. Sauvage, of Boulogne-sur-mer.

1580. Sauvagea caledonica (Sauvage). New Caledonia.
Lepidoblennius caledonicus Sauvage, Rev. Zool. 1874, 338, New Caledonia.

BLENNIUS Linneus.

1581. Blennius sordidus Bennett. Hawaii.
Blennius sordidus Bennett, Zool, Journ., rv, 1829, 34, Honolulu. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 256,
1835, Honolulu. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 193, taf. 113, fig. p, Sandwich Is.
1582. Blennius canescens Garman. Fiji.
Blennius canescens Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. XX XIX, no. 8, 1903, Fiji.
1583. Blennius tonganus Jordan & Seale, new name. Tonga.
Blennius cristatus, Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 194, taf. 113, fig. E, Tonga; not of Linnzus.
This species from Tonga, characterized by the long row of nuchal filaments, is unknown to us.
Dr. Giinther identifies it with Blennius cristatus Linneeus, a species of the West Indies, originally
described from Ascension Island. It is not at all likely that this Pacific species is identical with
Blennius cristatus, and we therefore propose for it the new name B. tonganus.

HYPLEUROCHILUS Giil.
This genus differs from Blennius in having the gill-openings restricted to the sides, the membranes
not forming a free fold across the isthmus as in Blennius.

1584. Hypleurochilus vaillanti Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3.75 in length; depth 4; eye 2.75 in head; dorsal x11, 15; anal 17; lateral line consisting of
about 6 separated pores.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 421

Body elongate, compressed; the anterior profile of head rounded, the mouth slightly produced
beyond the forehead; angle of mouth under anterior margin of eye; mouth rather small with a single
row of teeth in jaws and a pair of curved fang-like canines in under jaw; gill-openings rather narrow,
2.2 in head; dorsal fin not incised, extending to base of caudal, the membrane of the fin united to rays
of the caudal; origin of anal under first dorsal ray, nearer tip of snout than base of caudal, its distal
end extending to caudal fin, where its membrane is slightly united to caudal; longest anal ray 1.75 in
head; pectoral 1.2 in head; ventral 1.3 in head, the origin anterior to origin of pectoral; caudal
rounded, 1.5 in head.

Fie. 102.—Hypleurocheilus vaillanti Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

Life colors, anterior part fuliginous; posterior third greenish with mottling of fine black points;
top of head covered with small round black dots; 1 or 2 similar dots on base of pectoral; dorsal and
anal plain brown, darker than body; caudal pale olive-green.

Color in spirits, yellowish white shaded everywhere with minute dusky dots like pin pricks, a
few larger dots on top and sides of head; 2 distinct black dots on base of pectoral fins; fins colored
like body, the dorsal and anal being a shade darker.

One specimen, length 0.56 inch, type no. 51788, U.S. National Museum, from Pago Pago, Samoa.

1585. Hypleurochilus periophthalmoides (Macleay). New Guinea.
Blennius periophthalmoides Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. §. W. 1883, 269. (Apparently a Hypleurochilus; teeth not
described. )

ALTICUS (Commerson) Lacépede. Mano’o.

Alticus (Commerson MS.) Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 458, 1800 (saltatorius=saliens).
Alticus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 337, 1836 (alticus).
Erpichthys Swainson, Class. Anim., 11, 275, 1839 (atlanticus).
Rupiscartes Swainson, Class. Anim., 11, 275, 1839 (alticus).
Entomacrodus Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 168 (nigricans).
This genus differs from Salarias in the presence of posterior canines in one or both jaws. In both
genera the teeth are loosely inserted, and the gill-membranes form a broad fold, free from the isthmus.
The case of Alticus, quoted by Lacépeéde from manuscripts of Commerson, is parallel to that of
Zanclus (vs. Pomacanthus), and of Antennarius (vs. Histrio), and in all these cases we allow prece-
dence to the earlier name.

1586. Alticus saliens (Forster). Tanna; Samoa; New Britain; Vavau; Nukahiva (Seale). (Fig.
111, p. 439.)

Plennius saliens Forster, Itin., 11, 343, 1788, Tanna.

Blennius saliens, Lacépede (Alticus saltatorius Commerson), Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 458, 1800, New Britain.
Blennius amphibius Walbaum, Artedi Pisc., 111, 187, 1792, Tanna, after Forster.

Blennius tridactylus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, 176; after Blennius gobioides Forster.
Salarias tridactylus, Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 200, taf 117, figs. c, p, Vavau.

Salarias alticus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 337, 1836.

Blennius gobioides Forster, Descript. Anim., 283, 1844, Tanna.

429 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

This wiry little blenny covers the lava rocks on the ‘‘iron-bound coast’’ of the Samoan Islands;
leaping on the bare rocks in the sun like a lizard and leaping into the sea with the greatest velocity
when disturbed. It is not found inthe coral. At Apia itswarms in the wreck of the German warship
Adler, but it could not be taken there by any means at our disposal.

We have 7 specimens from Pago Pago. Life colors of one of these, violet-black, with a few pale
bluish spots along middle of side; dorsal pale-edged; body with about 9 pale, poorly defined, trans-
verse double bars, which form a series of pale spots along-middle of side; throat and belly pale,
becoming yellowish posteriorly; anal pale in some specimens, the rays faintly spotted with black
specks; in others this fin is colored like the dorsal, and nearly or quite as dark; caudal and pectoral
black.

1587. Alticus periophthalmus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Ticopia; Samoa; Santa Cruz; Rarotonga;
Futuna; Tahiti; Mangareya; Nukahiva and Makatea (Seale); India.

Salarias periophthalmus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 311, pl. 328, 1836, Ticopia. Gtinther, Fische
der Siidsee, 207, taf. 114, figs. p, EB, Santa Cruz, Samoa, Rarotonga, Futuna, Society Is., Savaii. Day, Fishes
of India, 333, pl. 69, fig. 5, Andamans Is.

Salarias andamanensis Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, 611, Andamans Is.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, body mottled gray-olive and purplish, the latter in paired
bars, or inverted Y-shaped, about 8 in number; side with a few oblong spots of bright violet, arranged
in 2 rows, about 5 in each row; an orange blotch behind eye, with a greenish violet bar behind it; a
greenish violet dash below eye; cirri orange; dorsal much mottled brown, grayish and orange, the
edge pale, with orange spots; caudal pale above, purplish black below, ending in blackish orange, the
lower lobe darkest; anal mainly black, orange at base; pectoral pale, never sprinkled with black dots
as in Alticus evermanni.

Another specimen was light olive; 9 quadrate spots or bars of dark brown along side, these alter-
nating above with another series of irregular blotches; crest high, edged with dull red; second dorsal
and upper part of caudal edged with creamy red, rather bright; cirri pink.

Other specimens have the margin of the spinous dorsal with dark spots; still others have the
spinous dorsal plain and in some both dorsals are crossed by the dark bars on the body. In some
specimens the characteristic blue spots on the sides are obsolete.

This species is abundant in the coral reefs at Samoa; we have 50 specimens from Apia and 4 from
Pago Pago.

1588. Alticus evermanni Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.
Sararias nitidus Gunther, Fische der Stidsee, 200, taf. 118, fig. ¢, Samoa; not Salarias nitidus Giinther, Cat., 11, 248,
from China. Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 127, Guam.

Head 4.75 in length; depth 6; eye 4 in head; dorsal xm, 21; anal 25; lateral line short, ending
under tenth dorsal spine; interorbital equal to one-half of eye; angle of mouth under posterior margin
of eye, slightly posterior.

Body elongate, compressed, anterior profile slightly subvertical, the forehead projected beyond
the jaws; a divided orbital tentacle whose length equals two-thirds diameter of eye; a short four-
fringed tentacle at nostril; a row of small movable teeth in jaws, with the posterior canines present;
dorsal fin notched to one-half its depth, the origin of the fin slightly in advance of posterior margin
of opercle, and its posterior membrane not extending on the anal, its longest spine 1.75 in head, its
longest ray 1.5 in head; origin of anal nearer head than base of caudal, the base of fin 2 in length
of fish without caudal; pectoral 1.18 in head; ventral 2 in head; caudal square, its length equal to
head; a slight ridge on top of head.

Color in life, ground-color a pale olive-brown, with 9 broad transverse bars of darker brown, fading
out below, but above extending well up on the dorsal fin; a round black spot in the fourth transverse
bar, a little above middle of body; body thickly sprinkled with small oblong or linear pearly or bluish-
white spots, most conspicuous posteriorly, where they form irregular longitudinal rows on the lower
part of the body; upper part of head with round white spots, which extend backward above lateral
line to posterior end of spinous dorsal; in some specimens numerous small black dots below this on
anterior part of body; underside of head pale, with irregular violet streaks; dorsal spines tipped with
black; spinous dorsal with irregular horizontal streaks of violet, in some specimens fading to yellowish
white; 3 narrow dark longitudinal streaks near the broad pale margin of soft dorsal; caudal and anal
plain dusky; pectoral yellowish, with 5 transverse rows of conspicuous dark dots.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 493

In spirits our large series shows a great intergradation of color among the individuals of this
species, put the following marks are constant in all: 5 lines of black spots on the pectoral; 2 dusky
bands over the head, one directly behind the eye down to angle of mouth, the other over nuchal
region on posterior border of preopercle; caudal washed with dusky; anal with a dusky wash on
entire fin; body grayish, slightly tinted with blue to purplish, some specimens banded with darker gray,
others having scarcely a trace of bands; the type with 9 very distinct vertical dark bands, wider than
the interspaces, along the side of body; a number of round yellowish white spots over head and shoul-
ders; some pearl-blue spots on posterior part of body; a round spot on middle of body under anterior
of soft dorsal—some of the specimens not showing this spot at all, and others showing it only on one
side; dorsal (in type) with the brown bands of body extending up into the fin, a number of rather
indistinct narrow longitudinal lines on upper half of fin, the spinous dorsal tipped with black; some

‘specimens with a row of dark spots along middle of dorsal, others with no black dots, but a large
number of fine narrow lines on outer half of fin, and between these in many forms our series show an
almost perfect gradation; belly usually with a more or less decided purplish wash. The younger
individuals show less of color markings, some being almost uniform gray on body.

Twenty-one specimens from Apia. The type is no. 51789, U. S. National Museum, length 3.5
inches. These specimens agree fairly with Salarias nitidus of Ginther’s Fische der Stidsee, from
Samoa. The type of Salarias nitidus from the China Sea is apparently a different species. The species
resembles Alticus periophthalmus, but may be known at once by the spotted pectoral.

Named for Dr. Barton Warren Evermann.

1589. Alticus caudolineatus (Giinther). Tahiti; Samoa; Makatea and Nukahiva (Seale).
Salarias caudolineatus Gunther, Fische der Stidsee, 209, taf. 116, fig. F, 1876, Otaheite.

We have 3 specimens of this very handsome blenny from the reef at Apia, where it is the
commonest species in the coral pools, and 7 specimens from Pago Pago.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, gray; lengthwise dark olive streaks like pencil-marks on side;
no bright colors except on the crest, which is edged with orange-red; an orange dash on eye aboye;
9 transverse double brown bars on side, running from base of dorsal to the lowest lengthwise streak;
caudal with from 7 to 9 transverse rows of dark dots; dorsal pale; 3 rows of small dark dots running
longitudinally across both dorsals; traces of 2 more rows on the soft dorsal in some specimens; anal
pale, with a row of faint brown dots posteriorly, near the base of the rays; pectoral pale, unspotted.

1590. Alticus aneitensis (Giinther). Aneiteum.
Salarias aneitensis Giinther, Fische der Sudsee, 205, taf. 118, fig. A, 1876, Aneiteum.

1591. Alticus gibbifrons (Quoy & Gaimard). Hawaii; Marcus I.
Salarias gibbifrons Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, 253, 1824, Maui. Snyder, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., xx11, 1902
(1904), 586, Honolulu, Hilo; not of Cuvier & Valenciennes.
Entomacrodus gibbifrons, Bryan & Herre, Bishop Museum, 11, 1903, 188, Marcus I.
Salarias saltans Jenkins, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., xx1I, 1902 (1904), 508, fig. 48 (male), Honolulu.
Salarias rutilus Jenkins, op. cit., 509, fig. 49 (female), Honolulu.
1592. Alticus striatus (Quoy & Gaimard). Mano’o @au. Samoa; Nukahiva (Seale).
Salarias striatus (Quoy & Gaimard) Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 309, 1835, Ile de France.
Salarias marmoratus, Gunther, Fische der Stidsee, 204, taf. 116, fig. B; not type.

Two specimens from Aua in Tutuila, the species occurring in the sea along the ‘‘iron-bound coast’’,
not in the coral reefs.

Color in life, white ground-color with dark spots on side with purplish blue tinge; spots on caudal
smoky; belly white; head with a weak bluish streak behind eye; lower side of head with 3 white
stripes radiating from the throat on each side; dorsals irregularly and obliquely streaked with dark;
caudal with about 6 irregularly transverse rows of dark spots; anal pale, its edge dusky; pectoral
plain, uncolored.

Dr. Glinther has evidently confused this species with Alticus marmoratus, which was described by
Bennett from the Sandwich islands, and has since been collected there by Dr. Jenkins, by Jordan &
Evyermann, and by Professor Snyder at Laysan Island. Fishes from other localites described under the
name of S. marmoratus belong to still other species. This is apparently the species called Salarias
striatus by Quoy & Gaimard. but 1t 1s probably different from Salarias urenatus Bleeker. It is called
“the outside skippy’’, mano’o a’au in the Samoan vernacular.

494 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

1598. Alticus marmoratus (Bennett). Hawaii; Laysan.
Salarias marmoratus Bennett, Zool. Journ., Iv, 35, Hawaii; not of Giinther. Snyder, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., xx,
1902 (1904), 536, Laysan.
1594. Alticus griseus (De Vis).
Salarias griseus De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1884, 450, South Seas.
This scantily described species is unknown to us. The presence of tentacles at the nape indicates
a resemblance to Alticus marmoratus.

1595. Alticus coronatus (Gtinther). Solomon Is.; Samoa; Nukahiva (Seale).
Salarias voronatus Ginther in Brenchley, Cruise of the Curacoa, 424, pl. 33, fig. B, Solomon Is. Giinther, Fische
der Stidsee, 206, taf. 116, fig. E, Solomon Is.

Of this rare fish we have 14 examples from the coral reefs at Apia. Color in life, light green with
about 8 paired cross-bands of reddish brown; stripes across chin and throat dusky; sides and top of
head with small round whitish spots, which extend backward along base of spinous dorsal. Alticus
evermanni has the same kind of dots on its head, but they are differently arranged.

In alcohol the paired cross-bands fade, leaving 2 longitudinal rows of small brown dots, prominent
only posteriorly; dorsals pale, colorless; dorsal spines tipped with black; anal pale, dusky-edged;
caudal pale, unspotted; pectoral with from 3 to 5 irregular transverse rows of dark brown spots.

1596. Alticus variolosus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Guam; Samoa; Tonga; Hawaii.
Salarias variolosus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat, Poiss,, x1, 317, pl. 330, 1836, Guam. Giinther, Fische der
Siidsee, 208, taf. 116, fig. A, Samoa, Tonga, Society Is. Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila, 1900, 518, Sandwich Is.
Jenkins, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., xx11, 1992 (1904), 507, Honolulu.
Salarias nigripes Seale, Occ. Papers Bishop Museum, vol. 1, no. 3, 1901, 127, Guam.
Eight examples of this widespread Polynesian blenny were obtained at Apia, from the lava rocks.
Color in life, jet-black with brownish shade; pectoral edged below with cherry-red, spinous dorsal
with brownish; the upper anterior portion abruptly pale, its boundary extending from the tip of near
the last spines forward to the base of the first; no distinct spots; caudal above and below with pale dull
olive; upper portion of caudal always more or less pale, the pale color not sharply defined; fins other-
wise nearly black; body unmarked; 7 narrow dark blue cross-bars on body and a dark blue line from
nape to opercle.

1597. Alticus alboguttatus (Kner). Samoa; Fiji.
Salarias alboguttatus Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LVI, 1867, 16, pl. 4, fig.4, Samoa. Gtinther, Fische der Siidsee, 205,
taf. 118, fig. B, Kandavu.

Of this pretty little blenny but 3 specimens have previously been collected, 1 at Samoa and 2 at
Kandavu, one of the Fiji Islands. We have 18 specimens from Apia and 3 from Pago Pago.

Color in life of a specimen from Pago Pago, a faint red blotch behind eye; eye with 7 red spots in
iris; body pale olivaceous green, with white spots; a large blue spot on each side of the throat.

Another specimen from Apia in life was olivaceous brown, with pale oblong horizontal spots on
sides; head speckled with small round white spots; a large steel-blue spot on each side of the throat;
faint orange spots on base of dorsal; soft dorsal and caudal pale; faint olive bars on middle of caudal;
tip of caudal cherry-red; anal dusky; pectoral pale, its base spotted like head.

1598. Alticus guttatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Vanicolo; Samoa.
Salarias guttatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 308, Vanicolo. Gunther, Cat., 111, 250 (copied). Giin-
ther, Fische der Stidsee, 204.

This rare little fish was described from 2 small specimens from Vanicolo, and seems not to have
been collected’since. We have 2 specimens, 25 millimeters in length, from Apia. They differ from
the types in haying a small crest, colored like the body.

Color in aleohol, ground-color of body uniform pale brown, with about 4 rows of dark-brown
spots, made up of numerous fine specks, the spots in the two lower rows much larger than those in
the upper rows; 2 rows of oblong, pearly white spots, commingled with the two lower rows of brown
spots; above these are numerous small pearly spots; head covered with many small pearly and brown
specks, commingled; a dark streak behind eye; behind this a dark band extending from nape diago-
nally downward and forward to throat; under side of head pale, with white specks; a small black
spot on each side of throat; chin and upper lip with black streaks; belly pale; margin of dorsal dark;

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 425

a narrow dark longitudinal band near base of soft dorsal; anal clear, its edge dusky; caudal clear;
basal portion of pectoral covered with pearly white spots, otherwise clear. Another specimen agrees
exactly with the above, but lacks the pearly spots.

1599. Alticus thalassinus Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 4.5 in length; depth 5; eye 4 in head; dorsal xu, 14; anal 18; interorbital one-half as wide
as eye; a short curved lateral line ending under tenth dorsal spine. .

Body elongate, compressed, the head blunt, the anterior profile almost vertical; an outer row of
fine movable teeth in the jaws; posterior canines present; a short, fringed orbital tentacle, its length
less than width of eye; a minute fringed tentacle at nostril; dorsal notched to about one-half its
depth; origin of dorsal directly above posterior margin of opercle, its posterior membrane not united
with caudal, its longest ray 1.75 in head; origin of anal midway between snout and base of caudal, its
longest rays 2.2 in head; total length of pectoral about equal to head, ventral small, slightly anterior
to pectoral, 2.25 in head; caudal rounded 1.14 in head.

Vain.

Fic. 103.—Alticus thalassinus Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

Life colors, green, with dark brown bands and many spots arranged in cross-series; chin and spot
behind eye blackish; a broad dark band on basal half of spinous dorsal; margin clear; soft dorsal with
3 longitudinal rows of large dark spots, its margin dusky; caudal irregularly streaked with transverse
bars of brownish black; anal blackish brown, the tips of the rays white; lower part of pectoral dusky;
upper portion clear.

Color in spirits, whitish, with slight wash of pale green, head rather thickly covered with round
spots made up of minute brown dots like pin-pricks, a deep black spot the size of pupil just posterior
to eye; upper half of body with scattered brown dots assuming indistinct band-like arrangements on
sides; chin with a dark blotch; caudal with 6 brown cross-bands; spinous dorsal with dark shading
through its center; soft dorsal with about 3 rows of brown dots and a dark margin to fin; anal dusky
shaded, with lighter margin; pectoral and ventral slighty shaded with dusky; iris golden.

Three specimens from Apia. The type is no. 51795, U. S. National Museum, length 1.5 inches.

1600. Alticus musilz Jordan «& Seale, new species. Samoa.

‘Head 4.1 in length; depth 4.1; eye2.1in head; dorsal x1, 14; anal 17; interorbital one-half width
of eye.

Body elongate, compressed; profile of head vertical; a short lateral line, ending brokenly under
the posterior margin of spinous dorsal; an outer row of moveable teeth in each jaw; posterior canines
present; origin of dorsal on line with posterior margin of opercle, the fin not extending posteriorly
upon base of caudal, its longest spine 2.2 in head, the fin notched to its base; a short fringed orbital
tentacle, and a very short fringed nasal tentacle; pectoral fin equal to head; ventral small, situated
anterior to pectoral, its length equal to postocular part of head; base of anal about 3 in length of fish,
its longest ray 2.25 in head; caudal rounded, its length equal to head.

Life colors, light cherry-red, 8 pairs of bars of crimson brown, a red brown spot behind eye; fins
pale reddish, dotted, the caudal whitish; cirri red; front and top of head thinly spotted with small
reddish brown specks; chin and sides of head thickly spotted; a few brown spots scattered about over
body; from 1 to 3 larger, round blue-black dots on body under pectoral.

Color in spirits, whitish with slight wash of pale green; head and shoulders with a few small
scattered brown dots; a small black spot behind eye, less than size of pupil; body with 2 or 3 longi-

B. B. F. 1905—28

426 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

tudinal rows of brown dots; fins without color or markings except a few small irregular dark spots on
dorsal and caudal. i ,
Four specimens from Apia. The type is no. 51790, U. 8. National Museum, length 1,%; inches. i
The species is named for Musila, of Apia, a young Samoan of fine parts whom we found efficient
as a fisherman.

S &
BS

SRSA

Fic. 104.—Alticus musile Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

1601. Alticus sebx (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Fiji; Tahiti; Samoa (Ginther).

Salarias sebe Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 323, 1835, East Indies. Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1868,
41, Fiji. Gtinther, Fische der Stidsee, 202, Samoa, Fiji, Tahiti.

This species, known by the lengthening of the first 1 to 3 dorsal spines, was not taken by us.
1602. Alticus sealei (Bryan & Herre). Marcus I.

Entomacrodus sealei Bryan & Herre, Occ. Papers Bishop Museum, 1, 1903, 1388, Marcus I.

SALARIAS Cuvier. Mano’o.

Scartes Jordan & Evermann, Check-List Fishes, 471, 1896 (rubropunctatus), name preoccupied by
Scartes Swainson, 1829, a genus of mammals.

Scartichthys Jordan & Evermann, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., 111, 2395, 1900 (rubropunctatus).
Not Salaria Forskal= Blennius.

1608. Salarias zebra Vaillant & Sauvage. Hawaii.
(Salarias cypho Jenkins, Honolulu. )

This species is very abundant in the rock-pools of the lava about Hawaii, being the commonest of
all the blennies in that region. It has not been found elsewhere.

1604. Salarias sertatus Garman. Fiji.
Salarias sertatus Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., xxxix, 1903, 237, Fiji.

This species, which we haye not seen, resembles Alticus saliens in form and in habits, but is
uniformly colored.

1605. Salarias lineatus Bleeker. Samoa; Faté (Seale); East Indies.
Salarias lineatus Bleeker, Verhand. Batay. Genootsch., xx11, Blenniidze and Gobiide, 18. Gtinther, Cat., 111, 254,
Jaya. Day, Fishes of India, 332, pl. Lxx, fig. 8 (male), Red Sea, Andaman Is., Malay Archipelago.

We have 5 specimens from Pago Pago and one from Apia. Life colors of one from Pago Pago,
dark olive; side with about.6 to 8 dark lengthwise stripes, the 3 or 4 lowermost more continuous and
regular, the upper very wavy, these interosculating with each other so that the back and region
behind head show dark network; 6 paired blackish cross-shades on back and sides; fins dull
olive; dorsals separate, the first with oblique dashes at base and a dusky edge, second with oblique
streaks like those on body, the edge pale; caudal dusky; anal pale, the edge dark; pectoral and
ventral rather pale; head with vertical marblings; 2 converging lines on base of caudal. Dorsal
xu-24. Differing from current descriptions in having no crest; tentacles small. The other specimens
have a high crest.

Another specimen from Pago Pago was blackish olive, with a bright yellow or tawny shade in life;
5 or 6 diffuse cross-shades on back; side with 4 or 5 series of short oblong horizontal dashes of

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 427

paler olive, forming interrupted lines, the lowest nearly continuous; some dark cross-shades on lower
part of head; fins dark olive; dorsal and caudal pale edged; tentacle and crest dull olive. Dorsal
notched, the spines higher than the soft rays.

1606. Salarias fasciatus (Bloch). Samoa; Tonga; Vanicolo; Ponape; East Indies.

Blennius fasciatus Bloch, 1, 112, taf. 162, fig. 1, 1870, Japan.

Salarias quadripinnis Riippell, Atlas Fische, 112, taf. 28, fig. 2, 1828, Red Sea. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat.
Pois: <I, 318, 1836, Timor, Tongatabu, Vanicolo.

Salarias fasciatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., 324, 1836. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 201, taf. 115, fig. G, Ponape.

Salarias semilineatus Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LVI, 1867, fig. 3, Samoa.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, brown, with oblong bluish spots; numerous small dark dots
and dashes on sides, back of head and above pectoral, soon fusing and becoming lines which extend
backward to below middle of soft dorsal; dorsal brown with greenish white spots and brown dots, its
edge creamy red; caudal olive, speckled with brown and whitish, its upper edge washed with cherry-
red; anal like dorsal, dusky-edged; pectoral and ventral barred; belly livid; eight dark shades at base
of dorsal.

We have abvut 80 specimens of this species from the coral reef at Apia, where it is very common;
we have also 6 specimens from Pago Pago.

1607. Salarias biseriatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Mano’o a’au. Tahiti; Samoa.
Salavias biseriatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 316, 1828, Tahiti. Kner, Novara Reise, Fische, 197,
taf. 8, fig. 4, 1865, Tahiti. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 208, Tahiti.

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, blackish olive, violaceous below; sides with 4 rows of
violet-white round spots, the third series most distinct and regular, the spots of the fourth row larger
and more diffuse; fins all dark, nearly plain.

Another example was blackish olive with 8 to 11 white partial bands across belly and base of anal,
often not distinct before vent; head with small bluish white spots; a row of these spots more distinct
along upper line of ventral bars, others on sides forming a second irregular row, usually gathered in
pairs, one above the other, about 6 pairs of dark blotches along base of dorsal; fins dark, mottled with
darker; a black spot on front of first dorsal; soft dorsal with oblique pale streaks; caudal dusky olive;
ventral black; pectoral olive, with fine white dots. Dorsal divided, xu, 18.

A young individual from Pago Pago was violet-black or brown, with some 7 or 8 pale cross-streaks,
violet-tinged, narrower than the interspaces; 4 or 5 sharply defined white spots along side; head with
violaceous and greenish mottlings; caudal light yellow; dorsals dusky, mottled; anal pale; ventral
and anal dusky-translucent. Dorsal divided; no crest.

Two specimens from near Aua, on the north shore of Tutuila, together with 152 other examples
from the same place, taken with dynamite among the laya rocks on the ‘‘iron-bound coast.’’ One
specimen from Apia.

1608. Salarias sindonis Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 4.2. in length; depth 5.75; eye 3 in head; interorbital space scarcely equal to eye; dorsal
xu, 19; anal 21; lateral line short, ending under posterior part of spinous dorsal.

Body elongate, compressed, the anterior profile of head rounded, the forehead not projecting;
angle of jaws under middle of eye; ashort, simple orbital tentacle and a minute, fringed nasal tentacle;
teeth in jaws in a single series, no posterior canines; dorsal fin incised to one-half its depth, its origin
over posterior margin of opercle, and its distal end terminating some distance anterior to caudal base,
the greatest vertical height of the fin about 3.5 in head; origin of anal nearer tip of snout than base
of caudal, considerably in advance of soft dorsal, the fin long, its base equal to distance from tip of
snout to origin of the fin, its longest ray 2.5 in head; pectoral equal to length of head; caudal rounded,
1.25 in length of head.

Life colors, translucent gray, the head black, the body with about 6 pairs of dark cross-bands; con-
spicuous dark spots along base of dorsal; fins all pale, the concave caudal whitish; top of head with
many round, dark-brown dots; on nape these form a crescent, the horns of which reach posterior
margins of eyes; within this crescent the dots form a large spot; body and fins everywhere thickly
sprinkled with minute black specks.

Another specimen was dark blackish green, with darker cross-bands and no other colors; top of
head and nape coyered with many comparatively large, round, brown*dots; body and fins everywhere
covered with minute black dots.

428 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Color in spirits, ground-color yellowish white, thickly punctulate with minute dark dots, these
taking the form of numerous (18-20) rather irregular vertical bands on sides of body, some of the
bands more or less connected at top; in older examples the bands seem to group themselves in pairs
and become fewer in number; a characteristic oblique black band on the head from nuchal region
through eye to middle of each maxillary; the dark markings of body extending a little way into dorsal,
the fin also shaded slightly with minute dark dots; anal white, with slight tint of dusky; pectoral,
ventral, and caudal whitish, without distinct markings.

Fic. 105.—Salarias sindonis Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

Numerous specimens (50) collected at Pago Pago, by Mr. Michitaro Sindo, for whom the species
isnamed. The type is no. 51792, U. 8. National Museum, length 0.99 inch.
1609. Salarias atkinsoni Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 3.75 in length; depth 3.75; eye 2.75 in head; interorbital equal to one-half of eye; dorsal
xu, 17; anal 21; a short lateral line ending under eighth dorsal spine.

Body elongate, compressed, rather short; anterior profile of head vertical; the angle of mouth
under posterior third of eye; depth of caudal peduncle 2.75 in head; a simple, short orbital tentacle,
a small fringed one at nostril; teeth in a single row in each jaw, no posterior canines; dorsal fin
incised almost to base, the incision being broadly rounded; origin of dorsal about 1 spine in front
of posterior margin of opercle, its distal end reaching to hase of caudal, not attached to caudal by

Ya in.

Fia. 106.—Salarias atkinsoni Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

5

membrane; longest spine of dorsal 2.3 in head, longest ray 1.85 in head; origin of anal slightly
anterior to dorsal incision, its base 2.5 in fish without caudal, its origin an equal distance from tip of
snout and base of caudal, its longest ray 2.5 in head; pectoral scarcely equal to length of head, its
tip under tenth dorsal spine; ventral about 1.75 in head; caudal rounded, 1.25 in head.

Color in spirits, dull whitish with slight tint of pale green; 6 very distinct pairs of dark bands on
sides, which are divided in the middle by a narrow space, the portion of line above being sloped
obliquely forward, those below obliquely back; no marking on chin or throat; dorsal fin with distinct
brown spots scattered through it; anal with a narrow margin of white and a broad intramarginal band
of black, fading into whitish at base of fin; caudal with dusky blotch at base; other fins uncolored.

One specimen from Pago Pago, type no. 51791, U.S. National Museum, length 0.98 inch. Named
for the artist, Mr. William Sackston Atkinson.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 429

1610. Salarias rivulatus Riippell. Samoa; Paumotu Is.; Tahiti; East Indies.
Salarias rivulatus Ruppell, Atlas, Africa, 114, 1828, Red Sea.
Salarias quadricornis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 329, pl. 329, 1836, Ile de France. Giinther, Cat.,
II, 255, Indian Ocean, Chinese Sea. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 209, taf. 117, fig. B, Upolu, Paumotu, Tahiti-

Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago, dark olive; several pairs of darker brown cross shades,
the last 3 resolving themselves into oblique streaks upward and backward; soft dorsal with oblique
dark streaks; caudal plain; anal dusky-edged. No crest; dorsal divided.

Another specimen from the same locality was olive, with about 8 pairs of dark cross-bars, with
cross-streaks between, the last obscure; a dark oblique streak behind eye; dorsal with horizontal rows
of light olive spots, these more oblique on second dorsal; anal dusky-edged, with 2 pale blue longi-
tudinal lines; fins otherwise dusky olive.

A third specimen from Pago Pago was blackish olive in life, with a series of dark marblings and
spots above lateral line, most distinct posteriorly, fainter below; dorsals similarly marbled; head dark;
cirri dusky; fins all blackish, uncolored; anal with 2 faint pale longitudinal lines. A younger one
shows faint paired dark cross-bands.

About 75 specimens from the coral reefs of Apia and Pago Pago, where it is very abundant.

1611. Salarias edentulus (Bloch & Schneider). Huahine; Samoa; Paumotu; Bonham; Raro-

tonga; Faté; Nukahiva and Makatea (Seale); East Indies.

Blennius edentulus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 172, 1801, Huahine.

Sclarias forsteri Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 315, 1836; described from Forster's specimen from
Huahine.

Blennius truncatus Forster, Descr. Anim., 231, 1844, Huahine.

Salarias edentulus, Giinther, Cat., 111, 252, 1861, Polynesia, eastern parts East Indies. Gitnther, Fische der Siidsee,
206, . taf. 117, fig. A, Samoa, Paumotu, Bonham, Rarotonga.

Life colors of a specimen from Apia, dark olive, the body and fins much spotted with bright red-
dish brown; belly livid bluish; caudal pale, slight yellowish below; anal pale-edged.

A specimen from Pago Pago had several dark, irregular, paired cross-bands on body, with dark
brown dots along base of anal and on caudal peduncle; dorsal divided, with oblique rows of black dots
besides numerous whitish ones; anal with 2 rows of dots and a whitish edge; pectoral and ventral
plain olive; no crest; tentacles small.

Another Apia specimen was dark bluish-olive, with dark-brown markings; head and anal blue-
black; caudal mostly black; caudal peduncle with several rows of brown dots; spinous dorsal with
2 longitudinal rows of dark dots; soft dorsal with several oblique rows of dots; caudal and pectoral
plain dusky; anal dusky, pale-edged.

We have 60 specimens from Apia and Pago Pago, where it swarms in the crevices of the coral
reefs.

1612. Salarias meleagris Cuvier & Valenciennes. New Caledonia; New Hanover; Nukahiya and
Makatea (Seale).
Salarias meleagris Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 232, 1836, Tasmania. Gunther, Fische der Siidsee,
208, taf. 116, fig. G, New Caledonia, Cape York, Zanzibar. Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 841, New Hanover.
This species, unknown to us, is recorded from Melanesia and Polynesia, but these specimens may
be distinct from the original type, which came from Tasmania.

1613. Salarias garmani Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 4.18 in length; depth 5; eye 3 in head; interorbital equal to one-half of eye; dorsal xu, 21;
anal 24; a short, indistinct lateral line ending under the ninth dorsal spine; a short, simple tentacle
over eye, another over nostril.

Body elongate, compressed, the anterior profile of head vertical; caudal peduncle about equal to
eye; angle of jaws under posterior third of eye; teeth in jaws in single series, no posterior canines;
dorsal fin incised two-thirds of its height, the incision being posterior to origin of anal; origin of dor-
sal directly over posterior margin of opercle, its distal end at base of caudal, the membrane not
attached to caudal fin, the height of longest dorsal spine 2.1 in nead, and of the longest ray 1.75 in
head; anal fin long, its base 2.2 in length of fish without the caudal, its origin being under base of
tenth dorsal spine and nearer tip of snout than base of caudal by a distance about equal to depth of
caudal peduncle; longest ray of anal 1.75 in head; pectoral slightly longer than head; ventral 1.95 in
head; caudal rounded, 1.2 in head.

430 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Color in life gray-green, everywhere finely punctate with black; indications of broad transverse
bars, most pronounced on middle of body; subsurface spots lilac-red anteriorly, orange-red posteriorly ;
anterior two-fifths of body white below; dorsal fin clear, with many fine black specks, more or less
definitely arranged in 2 longitudinal rows; other fins all clear, with numerous tiny black specks; on
anal they form a dusky submarginal band, the tips of the rays white.

Color in spirits, dull light gray with a wash of pale green, slightly darker above; 7 pairs of indis-
tinct vertical bands of darker coloring along sides, a distinctive brown band from lower anterior mar-
gin of eye vertically down to middle of each maxillary; no markings on chin or throat; dorsal with
numerous, more.or less regular brown spots; 2 dusky blotches on base of caudal; otherwise the fins
are without distinct markings of any kind.

\ SS Yan.

Fic. 107.—Salarias garmani Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

One specimen, tiie type, no. 51792, U. S. National Museum, from Apia, length 1.2 inches. Named
for Prof. Samuel Garman.

1614. Salarias hasselti Bleeker. ‘Fiji; Loyalty Is.; Faté (Seale).
Salarias hasselti Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., I, 257, fig. 14, Java, Sumatra, Cocos. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee,
210, Fiji, Loyalty Is.
1615. Salarias bryani Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 4 in length; depth 5.5; eye 3.1 in head; interorbital very narrow, less than width of pupil;
dorsal x11, 22; anal 21; lateral lines short, ending near tip of pectoral.

Body oblong, compressed, anterior profile of head rounded; forehead scarcely projecting over
mouth; angle of jaws under posterior margin of eye; a short simple tentacle over eye and a minute
fringed tentacle at nostril; teeth in jaw in a single series; no posterior canine teeth; dorsal fin incised

Fic. 108.—Salarias bryani Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

almost to base; its origin a little anterior of posterior margin of opercle, its incision directly over origin
of anal, its posterior extremity ending on base of caudal but not attached to caudal; base cf anal 2.45
in length of fish, its origin nearer tip of snout than to base of caudal, the distance between tip of snout
and origin of the fin, considerably greater than base of fin; longest ray of anal 2 in head; pectoral
equal to head; ventral minute, 1.85 in head; caudal rounded, 1.1 in head.

Color in spirits dull light gray, with 8 vertical double dark bands on side, these bands about equal
to interspaces; head and shoulders punctulate with yellowish white spots; head shaded darker than
other parts; 2 dusky bands under chin; a single row of rather distinct black dots across pectoral; a

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. j 431

few scattered dusky blotches on spinous dorsal; anal with margin of white with intramarginal area of
dusky, other fins unmarked.

One specimen, the type no. 31794, U. S. National Museum, from Apia, length 1f inches. Named for
William Alanson Bryan, curator in the Bernice Pauahi Museum, in Honolulu

1616. Salarias gilberti Bryan & Herre. Marcus I.
Salarias gilberti Bryan & Herre, Occ. Papers Bishop Museum, 11, 1903, 137, Marcus I.

1617. Salarias marcusi Bryan & Herre. Marcus I.
Salarias marcusi Bryan & Herre, Occ. Papers Bishop Museum, II, 1903, 137, Marcus I.

1618. Salarias paulus Bryan & Herre. Marcus I.

Salarias paulus Bryan & Herre, Occ. Papers Bishop Museum, 11, 1903, 136, Marcus I.

1619. Salarias holomelas Giinther. Palau Is.; Vavau.

? Salarias fuscus Riippell, Neue Wirbelthiere, Fische, 135, taf. 32, fig. 2, 1835, Red Sea.

? Salarias ruficaudus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat.Poiss., XI, 328, 1836. Red Sea.

? Salarias pheosoma Bleeker, Batoe, 317, Batoe.

Salarias holomelas Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1872, Cebu.

Salarias fuscus, Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 202, taf. 116, fig. c, 1873, Palau, Vavai.

This strongly marked species is not represented in our collections. It is close to Salarias fuscus of

the Red Sea, but we may retain it as a different species, as according to Dr. Giinther the caudal is
black in S. holomelas and yellow in S. fuscus.

1620. Salarias atratus Macleay. New Guinea.
Salarias atratus Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1882-3, 361.

1621. Salarias goesi Bleeker. New Guinea.

EXALLIAS Jordan & Evermann.

Exallias Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., xxrir, 1903 (1905), 503 (Salarias brevis
Kner).
1622. Exallias brevis (Kner). Mano’o gatala. Samoa; Hawaii.
Salarias brevis Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1866, 334, taf. 16, fig. 18, Savaii. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 203, taf.
118, fig. c; after Kner. Jenkins, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., xx11, 1902 (1903), 506, Honolulu.
Of this species only 15 specimens are known, 14 from Hawaii, the other from Sayaii. We obtained
no specimens in Samoa, but Dr. T. D. Wood obtained in Honolulu one specimen, which is now in the

Stanford University Museum.
PETROSCIRTES Riippell.

Petroscirtes Ruppell, Atlas Fische, 110, 1828 (mitratus).
Blennechis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 1836, 279 (filamentosus).
Aspidontus (Cuvier) Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, m1, 1834, 719 (teniatus).
> Omobranchus (Ehrenberg, pl. x1, fig. 91) Swainson, Class. Fishes, 11, 1839, 274 ( fasciolatus).

1623. Petroscirtes longifilis Kner. Samoa.

? Petroscirtes mitratus Riippell, Atlas Fische, 111, taf. 28, fig. 1, 1828, Red Sea. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 198,
Samoa.

? Petroscirtes barbatus Peters, Wiegmann’s Archiv, 1855, 248, Mozambique.

? Petroscirtes hypselopterus Bleeker, Amboina, VI, 423, Amboina.

Petroscirtes longifilis Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1866, Livy, 5, Samoa.

Life color of a specimen from Apia olivaceous, with broad dark cross-bars; head much banded
below; dorsal yellowish, barred and spotted with black; anal similar; caudal pale with cross-bars of
dots; ventral long, dotted or barred, as is the pectoral. Dorsals 2, the first short and elevated in front.

We have 2 specimens of this fish from Apia. Dr. Giinther identifies it with P. mitratus, thus
throwing nearly all the species with elevated anterior dorsal spines into one, an arrangement open to
serious question. We may provisionally retain the name longifilis, applied to a Samoan specimen.
1624. Petroscirtes filamentosus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Papau; Paumotu Is.; Huahine; East

Indies.

Blennechis filamentosus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist, Nat. Poiss., X1, 280, 1836, pl. 326, Papua.
Petroscirtes filamentosus, Gunther, Fische der Sudsee, 196, taf. 114, fig. B, 1873, Paumotu, Huahine.
Petroscirles rostratus Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Neederl., 11,62, Amboina.

432 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

1625..Petroscirtes azureus Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 4 in length; depth 5.5; eye 4.5 in head; snout projecting, 3.20 in head; dorsal 37; anal 27;
interorbital equal to orbit; chin with 6 small barbels.

Body elongate, compressed, naked; depth of caudal peduncle 2.2 in head; mouth narrow, situ-
ated on the ventral surface of head, overhung by snout; a single outer row of round pointed teeth in
each jaw, 18 in upper and 26 or more in lower, with several additional inner rows in lower jaw, an
immense curved fang-like tooth on each side of lower jaw, the length of which is two-thirds of eye;
one small tooth on head of vomer; a single dorsal fin, whose.origin is on nuchal region just above the
posterior margin of postorbital, and which terminates at base of anal, its anterior rays not filamentous,
the yertical height of the fin about 3.2 in head; origin of anal midway between tip of snout antl base
of caudal, vertical height of fin equal to orbit; caudal rounded, equal in length to pectoral, 1.65 in
head; origin of ventral in front of pectoral, its length 2.18 in head.

Life colors olivaceous, a deep blue-black lateral band, broader and more distinct indigo-color
behind; dorsal, anal, and caudal jet-black, edged with white, the indigo-black caudal V-shaped, leay-
ing the angles of the fin broadly white; head with the dark band continued forward as brown, edged

‘above and below with black; pectoral and ventral clear, uncolored.

Fie. 109.—Petroscirtes azureus Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

Color in spirits yellowish brown; thorax, belly, and chin lighter, a darker band with black
margins from snout to posterior margin of opercle, from this point to the caudal the entire band
becoming black and broadening until it occupies the base of caudal and entire fin except the upper
and lower posterior margins and tip, which are yellow; anal black with yellow margin; caudal dusky,
becoming black posteriorly, with a narrow margin of yellow; pectoral and ventral white.

This handsome fish is close to Petroscirtes filamentosus, but differs in having 8 barbels or tentacles
on the chin and throat, and in not having the anterior dorsal spines elongate.

One examplé from Apia, type no. 51796, U. 8. National Museum, length 3.75 inches.

1626. Petroscirtes grammistes (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Yap; East Indies.

Blennechis grammistes, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 285, 1836, East Indies.
Petroscirtes grammistes Giinther, Fische der Sudsee, 197, 1873, taf. 115, fig. F, Yap, China.
Petroscirtes anema Bleeker, Amboina and Ceram, 273.

This handsome species, with 3 black stripes, is unknown to us.

1627. Petroscirtes rhynorhynchus Bleeker. Palau Is.; Faté (Seale) ; East Indies.
Petroscirtes rhynorhynchus Bleeker, Amboina and Ceram, 273. Gunther, Fische der Sudsee, 195, taf. 115, fig. E, Palau.
This species is unknown to us. It has 2 black lateral bands besides 1 on the dorsal.
1628. Petroscirtes teniatus (Quoy & Gaimard). Tahiti; Papua; Caroline Is.; Tonga; Guam;
Paumotu; Fiji; East Indies.

Aspidontus teniatus Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, 719, pl. 19, fig. 4, 1834, Guam.
Petroscirtes teniatus Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 195, Tahiti, Papua, Carolines, Tonga, Paumotu, Fiji.
Petroscirtes paradiseus Bleeker, Amboina, V, 495.

This species we have not seen.

1629. Petroscirtes tapeinosoma Bleeker. Samoa (Giinther); Faté; Kaiatea and Nukahiva (Seale);
East Indies.

Petroscirtes tapeinosoma Bleeker, Amboina, 64, Amboina. Gunther, Fische der Sudsee, 195, taf. 115, fig. D, Apia.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 433

This species, with 2 black stripes besides 1 on the dorsal, is unknown to us. It is near our Petro-
scirtes azureus.

1630. Petroscirtes atrodorsalis Giinther. Samoa. (PI. Lim, fig. 3.)
Petroscirtes atrcdorsalis Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 198, taf. 115, fig. B, Samoa.

We have 2 specimens of this rare and handsome little fish, from Pago Pago.

Life colors, clear dark blue, becoming golden on caudal peduncle and caudal fin; 2 sky-blue stripes
on eye; a black stripe from edge of pupil to origin of dorsal; dorsal with a broad median band of jet-
black, its margin white; caudal pale golden; other fins dusky bluish; a black spot in axil of pectoral.
1631. Petroscirtes xestus Jordan & Seale, new species. Samoa.

Head 2.85 in length; depth 2.75; eye 2.2 in head; dorsal 26; anal 17; interorbital equal to eye.

Body elongate, compressed, largest at head; anterior profile rounded, snout less than one-half of
eye; angle of jaws below middle of eye; teeth in a single row in jaws, a pair of large curved fang-like
canines in each jaw, those of the lower jaw largest; gill-opening reduced to a narrow slit less in width

Fie. 110.—Petroscirtes xestus Jordan & Seale, new species. Type.

than one-half diameter of eye; a single continuous dorsal fin whose origin is slightly anterior to gill-
opening and whose distal end does not extend quite to base of caudal; base of anal fin 3 in length of
fish without caudal, its longest ray 3.95 in head; origin of anal much nearer base of caudal than tip
of snout, its distal end not reaching quite to base of caudal; pectoral 1.95 in head; ventral 2 in head,
their base slightly anterior to base of pectoral; caudal rounded, 1.75 in head.

Color in life, light clear brownish red, with a broad silvery lateral stripe from eye to base of
caudal; 6 dark cross-shades on body; top of head bright silvery, as if coated with mercury; throat
and belly white, sprinkled with silvery spots; dorsal clear with a submarginal row of dark blotches;
other fins all clear.

Color in spirits, silvery with small brown spots and shadings, yellowish white along base of dorsal;
7 or 8 incomplete vertical cross-bands on the side about as wide as interspaces, these most distinct at
base of dorsal; nuchal region set with a heart-shaped coloring like new silver, a silvery wash less
bright on sides of head, thorax, and belly; in front of ventral a number of prominent bright silvery
dots with darker margins; dorsal with a few dusky spots, otherwise fins yellowish white.

Two specimens from Pago Pago. The type is no. 51797, U.S. National Museum, from Pago Pago,
length 0.56 inch.

1632. Petroscirtes elongatus Peters. Fiji; East coast of Africa.
Petroscirtes elongatus Peters, Wiegmann's Archiv 1855, 249, Zanzibar, Mozambique. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee,
196, Fiji.
Petroscirtes oualenensis Giinther, Challenger Fishes, 1880, 35, Fiji.
16838. Petroscirtes lineolatus Kner. Fiji.
Petroscirtes lineolatus Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, Lytir, 1868, 331, taf. 6, fig. 17, Kandavu. Giinther, Fische der
Stidsee, 197, taf. 115, fig. a (after Kner).
1634. Petroscirtes semilineatus Kner. Fiji.

Petroscirtes semilineatus Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LVIII, 1868, 332, Kandavu. Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, 197;
after Kner.

434 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

1635. Petroscirtes obliquus Garman. Samoa.
Petroscirtes obliquus Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., yol. XX XIx, no. 8, 1903, 237, with plate, Fiji.

Of this species we have one example from Apia more brightly colored than in Mr. Garman’s figure,
but with the characteristic oblique streaks.

Color in alcohol olive-brown with darker brown spots and diagonal or angled stripes; a large round
dark spot behind eye; under side of head pale, with 5 narrow, dark cross-stripes; belly blue; a row of
large dark spots on back and base of dorsal; fin otherwise dusky; margin of spinous dorsal pale;
caudal pale, unspotted; anal dusky; pectoral pale, minutely spotted with darker; ventral pale.

1636. Petroscirtes germaini Sauvage. New Caledonia.
Petroscirtes germaini Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1883, 158, New Caledonia.

This species, cross-banded, is quite unlike any other known to us.
ENCHELYURUS Peters.

Enchelyurus Peters, Berl. Mon. 1868, 268 ( flavipes) .
This genus differs from Petroscirtes in haying the vertical fins confluent, the body short and deep.
The typical species is from the Philippines.
1637. Enchelyurus ater (Ginther). Hawaii; Samoa; Tahiti.

Petroscirtes ater Giinther, Fische der Stidsee, 199, taf. 115, fig. £, 1873, Tahiti.
Aspidontus brunneolus Jenkins, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., xXII, 1902 (1903), 510, fig. 50, Honolulu.

_ This rare little fish seems to be rather common at Samoa. We have 25 examples fron Pago Pago
and 16 from Apia. Ginther describes the ventrals as reaching the anal, but in his figure the fins are
much shorter. Our specimens show much variation in this character, some having the ventrals twice
as long as others; but 2 examples have them as long as shown in Gunther’s figure.

Jenkins’ specimens from Hawaii, called Aspidontus brunneolus, seem to be identical with ours from
Samoa.

Color in life of a specimen from Apia, uriform blackish, becoming clear olive green on caudal.
Other specimens in alcohol have the head and body uniform black-brown, slightly lighter than fins,
which are black.

Family GOBIESOCID.

CREPIDOGASTER Ginther.

1638. Crepidogaster lineatus Sauvage. New Caledonia.
Crepidogaster lineatus Sauvage, Bull, Soc. Philom. 1883, 158, New Caledonia.

TRACHELOCHISMUS Brisout de Barneville.

1639. Trachelochismus pinnulatus (Forster). Fiji (Kner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss Wien 1868, 55); New
Zealand.
Family CONGROGADID.

CONGROGADUS Giinther.
1640. Congrogadus marginatus Vaillant & Sauvage. Hawaii.

1641. Congrogadus subducens Richardson. New Guinea (Gunther); Australia.

Family XENOCEPHALID.

XENOCEPHALUS Kaup.

1642. Kenocephalus armatus Kaup. New Ireland.

Xenocephalus armatus Kaup, Wiegmann’s Archiv, 1858, 86, New Ireland. Giinther, Cat., Iv, 399.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 435

Family FIERASFERID#.

FIERASFER Cuvier.

1643. Fierasfer homei Richardson. Hawaii; Samoa; Fiji; New Britain; New Hanoyer; Tahiti
(Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1900, 523); East Indies, not ‘‘Tasmania.”’

The type locality is Timor, and our species is identified with the one described by Richardson.
Richardson’s other specimen is doubtless not from Tasmania, and there is no reason for regarding
Fierasfer brandesi as a species distinct from Fierasfer homei.

Our two Samoan specimens were taken from Holothuria, one at Apia, the other at Pago Pago.
Another specimen was taken by Mr. W. K. Fisher at Hawaii, from the cloaca of a holothurian
(Stichopus, n. sp.).

Color in life of a specimen from Apia, translucent with bluish and reddish shades anteriorly.
Body with dark cross-shades in adult.

1644. Fierasfer microdon Gilbert. Hawaii.

JORDANICUS Gilbert.

1645. Jordanicus umbratilis (Jordan & Evermann). Hawaii.

This species is known from a few examples taken about lava rocks in Hawaii. One specimen in
the Museum of Stanford University, was obtained at Hilo by Mr. H. W. Henshaw from the cavity
of a holothurian. From its dark color, this species might be supposed to inhabit crevices of rocks
only.

1646. Jordanicus boraborensis (Kaup). Borabora.
Fierasfer boraborensis Kaup, Apodes, 160, 1850, Borabora.

This species has not been recognized by writers subsequent to Kaup.

1647. Jordanicus parvipinnis (Kaup). New Ireland; Hanover; Tahiti.

Fierasfer parvipinnis Kaup, Apodes, 160, pl. 16, fig. 2, 1850, New Ireland. Peters, Berl. Mon. 1876, 844, New Hanover.
Gunther, Cat., Iv, 383, after Kaup. Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1900, 528, Tahiti.

This species was not seen by us.

RHIZOIKETICUS Vaillant.
1648. Rhizoiketicus carolinensis Vaillant. Caroline Is.

Rhizoiketicus carolinensis Vaillant, Comptes Rendus, 1893, 745, Caroline Is.

Family LYCODAPODID.

SNYDERIDIA Gilbert.

1649. Snyderidia canina Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

Family BROTULID.

DINEMATICHTHYS Bleeker.

1650. Dinematichthys iluoceteoides Bleeker. Tupotopoto. Samoa; East Indies.

Of this species we have half a dozen specimens from Apia and Pago Pago, where it lives in pools
on the reef. These specimens vary widely in the ground color, some being grayish with golden shades,
and others bright orange-red. They agree well with Ginther’s Cescription.

Life colors of aspecimen from Apia, brilliant orange-red, the color varying a little with individuals,
the head more orange. Another was grayish, the posterior parts golden shaded, the last rays of dorsal,
anal, and caudal golden.

456 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

BROTULA Cuvier.

1651. Brotula multicirrata Vaillant & Sauvage. Hawaii.
(Brotula townsendi Fowler. )

1652. Brotula marginalis Jenkins. Hawaii.

NEMATOBROTULA Gill.

1653. Nematobrotula ensiformis (Giinther). Aneiteum; New Hebrides.

Brotula ensiformis Gunther, Cat., Iv, 372, 1862, Aneiteum, New Hebrides.
Nematobrotula ensiformis Gill, Proc, Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 252.

Family ATELEOPIDA.
ATELEOPUS Schlegel.

(Podateles Boulenger, the name unnecessarily changed on account of the prior name Atelopus. )

1654. Ateleopus plicatellus Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

Family GADIDA.

ANTIMORA Ginther.

1655. Antimora microlepis Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

LEMONEMA Ginther.

1656. Lemonema rhodochir Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

Family MACROURID.

GADOMUS Regan.

1657. Gadomus melanopterus Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

1658. Gadomus bowersi Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
MELANOBRANCHUS Regan.

1659. Melanobranchus micronemus Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
CHALINURA Goode & Beane.

1660. Chalinura ctenomelas Gilbert & Cramer. Deep seas of Hawaii.

OPTONURUS Gunther.

1661. Optonurus atherodon Gilbert & Cramer. Deep seas of Hawaii.
HYMENOCEPHALUS Giglioli.

1662. Hymenocephalus antreus Gilbert & Cramer. Deep seas of Hawaii.

1663. Hymenocephalus striatulus Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

1664. Hymenocephalus aterrimus Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 437

MACROURUS Bloch.
1665. Macrourus ectenes Gilbert & Cramer. Deep seas of Hawaii.
1666. Macrourus propinquus Gilbert & Cramer. Deep seas of Hawaii.
1667. Macrourus holocentrus Gilbert & Cramer. Deep seas of Hawaii.
1668. Macrourus gibber Gilbert & Cramer. Deep seas of Hawaii.
1669. Macrourus burragei Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
1670. Macrourus obliquatus Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
1671. Macrourus habenatus Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawail.
1672. Macrourus longicirrhus (Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
CGLORHYNCHUS Giorna.
1673. Cclorhynchus gladius Gilbert & Cramer. Deep seas of Hawaii.
1674. Celorhynchus aratrum Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
1675. Ccelorhynchus doryssus (Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
MATAOCEPHALUS Berg.
( Celocephalus Gilbert & Cramer, not of Agassiz. )
1676. Matzeocephalus acipenserinus (Gilbert & Cramer). Deep seas of Hawaii.
MALACOCEPHALUS Gunther.
1677. Malacocephalus hawaiiensis Gilbert & Cramer. Deep seas of Hawaii.
TRACHONURUS Gunther.

1678. Trachonurus sentipellis (Gilbert & Cramer). Deep seas of Hawaii.

Family LOPHIID®.

LOPHIOMUS Gill.
1679. Lophiomus miacanthus Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
1680. Lophiomus naresi Giinther. Admiralty Is.; New Guinea.

Lophius naresi Giinther, Challenger Fishes, 1880, 56.
CHIROLOPHIUS Regan.
1681. Chirolophius moseleyi Regan. Admiralty Is.
Chirolophius moseleyi Regan, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1900, 280.
Family CERATIID.
CHAUNAX Lowe.
1682. Chaunax umbrinus Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
MIOPSARAS Gilbert.

1683. Miopsaras myops Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

438 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Family ANTENNARIIDA.

ANTENNARIUS (Commerson) Lacépéde. (Histrio Fischer. )
1684. Antennarius commersoni (Lacépéde). Hawaii; Raiatea; Borabora; Tahiti; Shortland I.
(Seale); East Indies.

1685. Antennarius niger (Garrett). Hawaii.

Chironectes niger Garrett, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1864, 107, Honolulu.
1686. Antennarius leprosus Eydoux & Souleyet. Hawaii.
1687. Antennarius rubrofuscus Garrett. Hawaii.
1688. Antennarius sandwichensis Bennett. Hawaii.

(?Antennarius horridus, Bleeker, East Indies.)
1689. Antennarius laysanius Jordan & Snyder. Laysan.

1690. Antennarius hispidus (Bloch & Schneider). Misol (Giinther); Raiatea (Seale); East
Indies.

1691. Antennarius striatus Shaw. Tahiti; Solomon Is. (Gunther, Fische der Stidsee, 162, taf. 99,
fig. B) ; East Indies.

1692. Antennarius duescus Snyder. Hawaii.

1693. Antennarius nexilis Snyder. Hawaii.

1694. Antennarius dorehensis Bleeker. New Guinea.

1695. Antennarius nummifer (Cuvier). Samoaand Raiatea (Gtinther; perhaps Antenn«rius drom-
bus); East Indies.

This species seems to be very close to Antennarius drombus, differing perhaps in haying the dusky
shade below the soft dorsal intensified as a black ocellus. The specimens from Samoa and Raiatea,
noted by Dr. Giinther, probably belong to Antennarius drombus, if, indeed, the 2 species are distinct.

Antennarius coccineus (Lesson, Voy. Coquille, 143, pl. 16, fig. 1, 1830), from Mauritius and the
East Indies, differs from Antennarius nummifer chiefly in the red color. It is equally near Antennarius
drombus. It is not unlikely that Antennarius cocemeus is identical with Antennarius nummifer, and that
the species is not found in Polynesia, where it is replaced by Antennarius drombus.

1696. Antennarius drombus Jordan & Evermann. Hawaii; Samoa.

This small, dull-colored species is known from 2 specimens from Hilo, Hawaii, and from 1 taken
by us at Samoa. None of the other species was obtained by us in Samoa.

In Antennarius drombus the dorsal filament or bait is short, and the last ray of dorsal and anal is
adnate to the body. <Antennarius coccineus, as figured by Bleeker, may be this species, but the type
figured by Quoy & Gaimard must be something else.

In life our single Samoan specimen was dull mottled olive-green with blackish markings, and a
few dull orange blotches, irregular and diffuse; no red. When captured, this fish swells its body like

a Tetraodon.
1697. Antennarius bigibbus Lacépéde. Hawaii.
PTEROPHRYNE Gill.
1698. Pterophryne histrio (Linnzus). New Guinea (Bleeker); East Indies.

Family OGCOCEPHALID.

MALTHOPSIS Alcock.
1699. Malthopsis mitrigera Gilbert & Cramer. Deep seas of Hawaii.
-1700. Malthopsis jordani Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA.

HALIEUTEA Cuvier.
1701. Halieutea retifera Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii. ~
DIBRANCHUS Peters.
1702. Dibranchus erythrinus Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
1708. Dibranchus stellulatus Gilbert. Deep seas of Hawaii.
TETRABRACHIUM Giinther.

1704. Tetrabrachium ocellatum Giinther. New Guinea.
Tetrabrachium ocellatum Giinther, Challenger Fishes, 41, 1880.

BiG, 111.—<Allicus suliens (Forster).

439

440 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

VERNACULAR NAMES OF FISHES HEARD IN HAWAII AND SAMOA.

In the following table, the vernacular names heard by us in Hawaii and Samoa
are brought together for purposes of comparison. The Samoan names as given
here were obtained by Professors Jordan and Kellogg in Apia and Pago Pago,
most of them from the fishermen Taua and Vaiula. The authors are indebted
to Mr. Edwin Gurr, of Pago Pago, for a preliminary correction of these names,
and to Mr. W. E. Safford for a very much more careful revision of their spelling
and meaning, and for the following glossary of the principal nouns and adjectives in
the list. It may be noted that 2 in Hawaiian is replaced by s orf in Samoan, and
that / in Hawaiian is replaced by ¢in Samoan. Intercourse between the two groups
of islands has in recent years tended to corrupt the Samoan pronunciation, and we
often hear in Apia, A77i7fi and the like, when ¢77tz# is the correct Samoan form.
The Samoan g (as in Pago Pago or Ga) is pronounced like ng. The vowels are
pronounced as in Italian, ow not being a diphthong.

From Lorin Andrews’s Hawaiian-English Dictionary we copy the following table,
showing the shifting of the consonants in the Polynesian languages:

] l
Fakaofo.| Samoa. | Tonga. ee | Rarotonga. | Tahiti. Hawaii. | Marquesas.
; he |
1 pital F W or H Wanting F or Hi F or H
I é | Kk IK K ; d K
epg | by eal L R R R L Wanting
M Vi M M M M M M
INAS Ni N N N N | N
NG |NG(G)| NG | NG | NG Wanting M NorNG
P P | PorB 1a P Do] P
s S) it Jal | Wanting H joe del A
av Av T Aw ae K T
Ve: enV Vi W | V W Wi V
if i}
NAMES OF SPECIES. Hawatt. Samoa.
Slopes ep MEn eA nesses Bo nSomeaeaaael I Re aVe pasion b ihe etek he bt hears ON as | Malie, Tanifa.
Carcharias melanopterus --------.---. ese ihre ta eee rss Satie OSes | Malie alamata.
Sphiyanaizyecenayes tee ese eee Manos killaihieeeee se eeeeee | Mata-i-taliga.
Efimain tural fans 5 sie ee PN Ae oS ea ae eee eee etn ce ere Fai.
Stoasodon narinaril-eeeeceeeeeee eee letilmiPpNN ss sadsdsaacobosceus
Mobulayjaponicaus samen eee secs Je Goh Kee ae eee ee eos
Ops SAUTUS Ss 2 see eee eee SAW il Se as aUNAO tea oenieopstee een
Alibwlalavulpes/= se sees seers OTOP ee Ue el a aps
Chanos'chanos!=-c meee eee Awa awa, Puawa, Awa kala-
moko. |
Etrumeus micropus..-.-..---------- Omaka, Makiawa .......-----
Harengula commersoni .----.------- Pelupelu.
Sardinellaisinm)=3sasss=ncree seer eee Pelupelu, I’a moana.
Stolephorus delicatulus -...-- Nefu.
‘Anchovials 2ac2 ene moaseeneee acess Nefu.
Plotosus anguillaris.-...------------ | Apoa.
Trachinocephalus myops- .--..-------
Symodusivariussess- = sere ee seer CIE eee ae emme tar cae |
Saunidaicracilisees-—sessee reese eere Wl ae eis Slee see cerns ens
Anoullapee ys sie serie ieee epee Ralkayrse se ttre nen ot Sesya says Tuna.
Amguillanmaunitian aieee- masts sens Heeee eee eee eee eeretee: une gatala, Tuna tafa’i-lau-
talo.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 441

Vernacular names of fishes heard in Hawaii and Samoa—Continued.

|
Names or SpEcies. Hawau. | Samoa.
: \ ipa |
Ang uillasmerastoma saseeatce ceo a2 2 e| sees eee eee tae cise ae Tuna mea.
Leptocephalus marginatus. ..---.-.-- Puhitahalzpesesceocuceseeceee Pusi solasulu.
Leiuranus semicinatus .....-.------- ese separa lieve See cite eee ’Ata’ata uli.
Miurcen ay Kail ice eee eee eens eaek Puhi kauila; puhi oa_.-------
Giyimmothoraxeses = a aeeter eee neeer Ruliilews:,- pater niocenen Seerencr Pusi.
Gymnothoraxilavomancinatustess-| ses see se neee eee teen ee | Pusi gatala.
Gwinn othorasiplctusie esses aae eee lMeubiuwelayeneeeschnece eee | Pusi gatala.
Gymnothorax undulatus. -.....------ Leto Nenpbemtoy = eSboekscenasse | Pusi pulepule.
Gymnothorax stellatus -.-.-.....--- SASe esc eee oss aap | Pusi pulepule.
Giymmno thoraxsjavanicustssse essere ees) eee ia eeee eee eneee seers | Pusi maoa’e.
Hichidmamebulosaves=-s-ee-sseeseeese Peulibka passes ss aens eae
DO nC ACOA) oasoseaas coeneeoos leeuhisleihalageeesteseeacnececee | Pusi ’ai’aiuga.
Seubicaniatiorinamscsss: emsnsa ses e| ee nee ee Noe see eteeeeioeen see | Pusi solasulu.
Tylosurus giganteus --...--..--.---- é
MV OSUTRUSHCIULOIG ES emesis eae Heer ene eee ar eisee ce aes | A’u.
Atihlennes|hians:s2— = 2.5 4 sees Al a-alh asec as coer epee ee
iBeloneyplatyuraeeeoe cee can. aera fe ote | eee eecieeec eee eee eeeaas Ise.
Eemiramp busiathmiswes 3 sate easy lee ecttese ner aoc ecee eee Ise lai.
Hemiramphus depauperatus ---.---- | Ihe, Me’e-me’e, Puihi..-.----
Euleptorhamphus longirostris - ------ deal Se etesctscase pes keseaee
Parexoccetus brachypterus ----..---- felt V oul ate Beene ee Leta bee
Zenarchopterus vaisiganis.--.--.-.-- WeSC eee ere ease Gaenraaer ere Taoto.
(Onesiiinte Saceesesaotedes eneeeteree | Be rae ee alco area thee cre Malolo.
Cypsilmusisimus’ sesso seen le Malo ome esse sae arson c) eee
Aulostomus valentini--........._--. Nim tis yee ace ema meee | Taotito.
Microphis brachyurus ---- Taotao.
A\thenimakuisilaees sccam secon eee mee ommnosct nieces asec <cnareren Uisila.
ibizamelinopterare ase seeeeee ree eene | Paced eine, Sete Sak RE SLO Afa, Fue’afa.
izartroscheliteesa. Saaassancc cee sen eee ee eee aoe ee ae eee eeee Aua.
izarCreruleOmaculatame maser osc eee eye eae eee Ee ery etn aa ee eee Anae, ’Ana’analagi.
Cheenomugil chaptali.-....-.....-.-- | U’ou’oa (Wat wau)--.--.----
MiroilWcephalussese see nsens see oe |-AmavamaAm ace ec = snes sae ser
Sphyreena helleri_--...-- | AEA iota Ba te ae ee
Sphyreena commersoni. - lee l eats eyes berets meee
Sphyriena obtusata - .-- \GpabEaaobehaenossenactnaadasos Sapatu.
Polydactylus pleleius ~ Umiumia.
Polvdactylus sexfilis- -- = 2
Lampris regia...---- :
Molocentrustass.-— eae Malau.
Holotrachys li | Malau mutu, Mutu.
| Malau.

Malau mamo, Mamo.

Myripri microphthalmus ~ Malau mataputa, Malau tea.
Myripristis sanguineus.------ | Malau ula, Segasega.

Myripristis chryseres - --
i Malan suo.

Myripristis adustus - -

Myripristis murdjan- Manifinifi.

Eolocentrusispimiteners eer jen eee ne) seee eee Malau toa.

Holocentrus caudimaculatus -...___- Bee a ee Nee ee een ae eee Tamalau mumu, Tameno mu-
| | mu.

Holocentrus violaceus -.-.---.------ | Malau tifi, Malau pauli.

Holocentrus diadema..--...-.---.-. | Malau tusitusi, Malan pauli,

Malau tui.

Holocentrus punctatissimus Malau faiumu.
Holocentrus sammara. -- | Malau peapea.
Lemnisoma thyrsitoides

Scomber loo..-.-- Ga.
Germo germo

Scomberoides sanctipetri.----------- [hai peaplopiomeseeeeEeeeeeres Lai.
Gymnosarda pelamis ------.-------- UR eseesieseinmehere cme
Gymnosarda alleterata.........----- Kawa kawa, Ahua--.--.----.-
Acanthocybium solandri.--.-------- Ono ne eee comer a eueneross
Seriola purpurescens....---......--- Puakahala, Kahala.-.-..-.---

B. B. F.1905—29

4492 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Vernacular names of fishes heard in Hawaii and Samoa—Continued.

Names OF SPECIES. Hawat. Samoa.
Decapterus sanctee-helene.....-.---. Opeluysossae seat esseessscise:
Mecalaspisicordylayseaseeeeseeeeone eee eeecisee ens een a aceeaer Atualo.

Trachurops crumenophthalma- .-.--- ANcul] O fens Se eee mee ete set Atule.

@aranx forsterin-sseerceeeeeeeeeteee Omilu, Ulua, Papiopio, Pa’u | Ulua.

pa’u.

Garanxomelampy euseesne seer eeere tees areca ee eran aie eee Malauli.

@aranx affinise=Sasceseeeeceecee sce Amuka, Puakahala..--.------

Caranx sexfa Lupo.

Caranxaonobilisseeeseee tetera er eee eee cree eee eee eeeeeee Lupo.

Caranx: ferdauleen ema sosee tect aaa pesca esc cecum scee eee eco Lupo.

C@aranxispeciosus peers eee eee ees Paopao, Ulua pau’u_..-..--..-

Caranxaplumbeusieeeeeeeer rises seca peer ncec cee maser ae eee Lupo ta, Lupo, Lalafutu, Alala-
futu.

AMlectis(ciliariseseseey eee nasser ase Witaykihikvhieee sess ee ese

Mrachinotuskovatuspesceece set eeree seers e esa eeeeaseereer Alalafutu.

Rempherisioualensisessas-eee sae een eee eee eee cate eee eee Manifi, Fo a’ao.

Remphenishvanicolen sisi ssp ses eee ee eee erect Pula.

Monodactylusranzemteuss-seeci-c ena epee steels ae eee ree ara Toto.

Coryphenahippurusi- 22 922222 2-)2525 Mahihi, Mahimahi.....-.-..-

Keil aia aloe eee eeepc ANholeholeanee eines neers

Keulhliiasrupestriseee cere seer cee cea aseieisits erie seine eerie eee Sesele.

IX MADE EI ANMENEY Cos Ged okeooKseKead|laoudooasoScotpeeucsuouacso suse Salele.

Keulbliastssmiiratcas piace Moco tae ee eee ener ee ee eee eee te ee Safole.

Atta ay tara pe eee Oy Ne uate tecaleraiel Upapalun 222k skeen cise eee Fo.

Apogonichthy sim arn ora tugs emer eee lester eee se eae tere Fo mumu.

Paramiaimacrodonm esate eee eee eal tet eee Seeeae ee eee eee eee Tuganini.

Paramiaquinguelinestasmerns ee eeraal emcees eee ene sear eee Mata uliuli.

Aimbassisilafay. 2322502 s2ee,. cess coe es [emo ciectemes ome ners aemerismects Lafa.

Arm bassisnvalVvasensls ees eee eee eee ee eee eee eee eee eeaes Lafa.

Chorististiumesusumile ee ee eee esses heer eee eee eeeEee recast Susu umi.

Anyperodon leucogrammicus..-.---.|..-...--.--------------------= Gatala aleva.

Wariolavloutil 22s 28 oT ee ae ed ee Peale tere ee areas eere rete Va manaia.

Epinephelus)dsemelie eee ese eee Meese erie ae se eee eames ace >Uo’uo.

iH pinephelushmerra asses eee eee es Beer eee eer eee na aeeeee eee Gatala, ’ Ata’ata pulepule.

Epinephelus quernus -.----.-------- IsEy UCL IOOV OL .oosssoessnoceee

Cephalopholisiurodelusteesseseremen leceacreeneeesa ec ean eee Mata’ ili.

Cephalopholisiangusteeeee---eseeeee hee eeaee = Eee ae aeeeer ee oe Gatala moana, Gatala uli, Vai-
ania.

Cephalopholisileopandusteseeacescemlseesteceoemceccemeeciee ereeeaee Gatala uli.

Priacanthus cruentatus ...-.-.-.---- Aweoweo...-------- wee weet Mata-pula.

Priacanthus alalaua ....-.---.------ Maloun tere wesc eerie sees

utianus cilbbuspessseen ees saeete ese seer cease er erreLeer a eer Ti’ava, Mala’i, Mala’i pa’epa’e.

utianusimarcinatuspeseeeeee sere tre secer eater ner eee ene eee eee Lanue, Nanue, Taiva, Tagau,
Tamala.

JERE INDE) TAKEN K|> Soe cobb asso aSosdcllem>usatpacuognoaccaquacaoucsses Uiui, Nanue.

Butianusiarcentimaculatusemesessces sees eceeeeeeseeeece eee recac | 7A’a, Nanue.

utianuspmonostiomaseesee sees see tee eee eee eee eee eseeeae Taiva uliuli, Feloitega, Vava
sul.

utianusibohare-seee cece eee cee I SRSA SS AE OE Sen neRe Ca aaeee Mumea.

ApriO nw vITeSCeDSi eee eee eee eee Wikuttees se peu se ee eee

Avpsilusimicrodonyaes=-esesseeceer ee (Wierd! ace Oe ee Rahs aes

Btelishmarshiteeteeeecesseeee aaa Wilalanse a sctha se te cok eects

INtelisievuLusee sees eee eee TG Tie Geta a aie ee Ses rate ater

Bowersia violescens ...-.--.-------- Opakapakaeeecensceascmeeae

IBowersiaUlaul aes sees eee eee (Wlaulatkoaiereesene esses cere

Trethrinu gram ake oe ase se ye Es ae ee cote eee ae Maila fo’u, Magauli.

ethrinus) haa say sel eS shes a NMG Na emg oiale een iara alee Roe Mata ’ele’ele.

UNE HON IPO soo asakesocuoossccoclloosoncsdesotscobdecoos asoodesE 7 Ava’ava.

Rethrinellamiintatay 2 eee SOs ei eee en a eel eye yete eee Svan elem Filoa ’ava.

Monotaxis grandoculis........-.---- Tinta Wien are easel oe Mumu moaga, Loalia (Raro-
tongan word).

Gnathodentexiaurolineatust=e esse ees see eee eee eee Tolai.

Scolopsis trilineata

Taiva tusi.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA.

443

Vernacular names of fishes heard in Hawaii and Samoa—Continued.

NAMES OF SPECIES. Hawau. Samoa.

|
Ruelatichthysycrassispinusmesseeecre sas aeeee se aeeee eee eerie eae Misi misi.
felectorhynchusidiacrammasseeer eee sane eens eee seem See eee ae | ’Ava’ava moana.
Plectorhynchus chzetodonoides - --- -- I Spsannetosscecausossnocescne | Va mai moana.
PXey stacmay ol adie = soe Sean eae er Se eee ee Pee seer seer aera Matu loa.
EXQUStocmn apap ny. C LMNs ees eee eee ee ae eee aaa eee neta Matu.
Keyphosusiwal slensise=eee tesa eee ees See a eee eee eee meee Matu mutu, Umue.
Key phosusHUSCUS = 5= sere eee eer as | Mikip Ie) 3S aes sdesopSsooue
Mulloides auriflamma-.......------- Weke. 44 225s: ebesseesstaces Vete, Ula oa.
Mulloides samoensis..........------ le With eps sesna Saata ie sestaee a 2 Vasina, Afolu.
IRscud Upeneus ym Oana seen e eee ee eee eee ee eee eee Cesare ners | Moaga, Moana, Maga, Moana

faiava.

Pseudupeneus multifasciatus -------- Moana sss. seeemee sce eerse a
Pseudupeneus bifasciatus ......----- | ec an alee ee eee eit | Matalau, Uliuli, Maga.
IRECUdUpPeneusiChTnysSeLryGNOS see sae ene ae ee ee eee eee ele | Matalau.
IRSCUdUMpenecusmindi CUS weeeeerise esr an | Nema eer esate ere Eeeererr ser Ta’ uleia, Lailui.
Pseudupeneus barberinus ..--------- ROR SO ee eas nia Tae Ta uleia.
-Oceanopsilabivitta bayer see nee aes cnice seem er eeeeeeneeenisseseme. Gatasami.
Malacanthus parvipinnis..-..-..---- Makar aee cn emceenceirian: cece
Wipencuslare cise seen ceeeeeeoaaat | Weke pueo, Weke pahulu ---
Upeneushwittatus reese seamen sce Soe cam aaa eeicmisci tee caer Vete !
Mulloides flammeus -...-.. .-.--.---- TEN ele ei Lae arm ea
Cirrhitus marmoratus ----.--------- O’opukai’a, po’opa’a --------- Potati.
Paracirrhites\forstenl== 222 ---5---\- 2 - | Pilikoa, Hilupilikoa -.-....---.
Paracirrhites arcatus....-----------. Diluleoieacs tee Maney ea
Paracinehitesicimctus===-4--eeeeeee ee Pilikoa, Oopukahaihai, po’ opa’a
Cheilodactylus vittatus......-..-_-.- Kikakapu eee aeeeceeeeceaess
iMascyllusanuanuss-eesaces asec soe eae eaeceiece eer riac eee Mamo.
Dascyllusialibisellass=-se eee ee [|pRatapa arson e teem eeeeeses
Pomacentrus albofasciatus -.-...---- | eee eg eee ae tac is anee ee cineca Ulavapua.
IRomacentrusipavOesce=—sseeececes. = aes Pec Sno om eeane ae meote Taupou.
Pomacentrus melanopterus ----..--- Week apse etait somite a rasta Tusina, Tu’wu.
Pomacentrus jenkinsi-------------- iKoletmeucmasacsecsneee cence
Romacentrussvalulleees sees eee ee [RENE ene oe eee eee cee e Vaiuli.
Pomacentrus nigricans.....--------- lagmamrise semis seeeseeea Cee eeee. Tvwu.
Romacentrus' lividusss-2s-s2 22-4. -=- eae Sei ny Ses SOS ees Sa | Tu’w’u sue uli, I’u sina.
Abudefduf ccelestinus..-.--.---.---- [See Aas eee heue eae sane cers | Fili mana.
Abudefduf sordidus .._...---------- | Ulayapua.
Abudefduf septemfasciatus.----..--- | Alala ieee Mutu.
ApuClaawtt CHES. thos das oeosesrostllosaaedaosseeedadeasesosanoucce | Tu’u
Abuderdutabdominalissecesesasesee | Vlamam aeene ean ee seen el
Aibudeidutglacwyimatusess ssa ee eee hese mene eeeeaceeneeeeeeeoeere | Tu samasama.
Wbuderduiyleuco poms epses ee eee se tee ee eee eee ee eee eee ee neeeaeee Twvwu.
Abudefduf uniocellatus ---.--..----- Beate ae ae eee eae | Taupou.
Abudetdufitaupouss-.-----42------- [eee Ei Peon Sy ager A ae ee Rn Vaiuli sama, Taupou.
gud etdutmetal lh Cus seme ae = aes een Ae ee ee = eee ee eeeeea == | Pipi.
Chromistesrnuleusw ees ee oe ioe bosemnne cee ce eee eee beneeeee | Teatea, Mamo, I’a lanu-moana.
Chromislanaliss=ssseses=- eee eee | aie re any te ATES Bee oo Rene ee Va Janu-moana.
Bpibulushmsidiator=ssesce a= as- 52 -e= [Pelee epewtie ame Sosceeeeecoagsess Lapega, Gutu-ume.
Babrichthiysicyan 0 en laee mses eae | eee eee eee eee see Sugale uliuli.
AMA PSCSea see Aaa seem eeeee (EVs epee Ase Se Sugale.
Anampses czeruleopunctatus ..--..--|-.------.--------------------- Sugale lupe.
AMamipsesicuvierieer sass. sees [-Opulese seen ssectisenteee sce
Memicyvmmushmelanterusmere eee eel sacs teen eeeeeer Ee ese e=e as | Paumutu, Alati moana, Sugale

| aloa, Sugale uli, Tagitagi.
Lepidaplois alboteeniatus .......---- IEE honcheda Seecaaeencnce
Lepidaplois strophodes -..--..------ AS AWA) ieee ns sceioseSeeiaece
Lepidaplois modestus-.....--------- WAC AWA meses memes Hokeeeee oe
Halichceres centiquadrus ......----- [Peet Ue eee EE oe oe aera ee Tfigi
lalich ceresilaonse ass aeeeceeenicee- ILENO) S nocmcocooseedosaseosescs
Halichceres ornatissimus ...-.-.-.--- Obualpatawelareaaeses-eeeees
EVallichicenestdl sec all ri alesyteces peop eee pet rece ee a ce oie eet nee Fataga loa.
Phalassomaies est sis aes aa eens Winalea: fe ccs cae aeceaemasene Sugale.

444 BULLETIN

OF THE BUREAU OF

FISHERIES.

Vernacular names of fishes heard in Hawaii and Samoa—-Continued.

|

SAMOA.

NAMES OF SPECIES. Hawatt.
Thalassoma purpureum...-.-------- | Opute, Olale, Palaea, Hou,
Awela.

Thalassoma fuscum. .--------.- sen eAwwelani@lall @ess oe ee are ye
Thalassoma duperreyi ...------.-.-- Hinalea, Lauli, A’laihi-..----
Thalassoma dorsale._..----22------- [yi favaNicne fant By wg cs, i ereetiepey
Thalassoma ballieui ...-.-------=.-- Hinalea huahine....-..-.----
CorisischauinslandiG@eseseesaes sees Hilu mele mele -----.---.----
Jimlissleponaisies sass eee eee eee leilinwen abl, Wish o aesckoosde
Juliscaimandienwesssemseeeeeee eee inaleaylol oases eeeere
Julisspulcherrima;eeesseeeeeeeecess lshimeiler) Wolo) 2 so ssaccossdasae
Novaculichthiysiteeniunu steers anes eer | seer eisee eet aee een er
Macropharyngodon geoffroyi.-.--.-- \eHinalealakallo lotta
Gomphosusitricolon Seseaeesee oases Atal Ol Omar dseena ye erases see
Cheiliopmernnseseeeea eee eeee sae Kqupouypoulseeeee eee aes
@heilinusifasciatuss-s2 heen sec bear a aa e ene rater are
Cheilinus digrammus ....-.---------

Cheilinus hexagonatus....-...------

Cheilinus trilobatus.---....-.-.------

Mballaurusichloruruss =. sesesee eee

Pseudocheilinus hexateenia.-....----

Calotomus sandwichensis .--.-------

Cally odon)prasiognathuseesssses eases eae see neers at

Callyodon maoricus

Callyodon pyrrhurus - -
Callyodon bennetti
Callyodon ruberrimus ---..---.-.---
Callyodon erythrodon .....---.-----

Calliyodonvovicepsieas= see eteee sos:
Callyodon zonularis
Callyodon bataviensis
Callyodon formosus
Cally odon abacurus

Callyodon gilberti

Callyodonvlataxm ssa ema sis sete ee |

Callyoden paluca
Callyodon jordani
Callyodon ahula
Callyodon ultramarinus..--....-----
Callyodon lazulinus
Megaprotodon trifascialis
Cheetodon setifer
Cheetodon citrinellus
Cheetodon vagabundus
Cheetodon reticulatus
Cheetodon trifasciatus .-..--.-..-----
Cheetodon lunula
Cheetodon unimaculatus ..-----.----

Cheetodon melannotus
Cheetodon ornatissimus
Cheetodonmertensic 52-25-25 - 2225"
Cheetodon pelewensis ......----.--.-
Chzetodon ephippium

Holacanthus
Holacanthus diacanthus
Holaecanthus bicolor

Holacanthus flavissimus ..---------- |

Holacanthus bispimosus
Heniochus acuminatus

Sugale.

Sugale sei, Sugale fa’a ’ele’ele,
Sugale pulepule.

Molemole.

Sugale.
Masamie, Moai.
Lalafi pulepule.
Sugale, Lalafi.

Lalafi, Sugale matamuimu.
Sugale gasufi.
Va tusitusi.

Amasapupema.
Moalefuga.
Fuga mumu.
Amasapupema.
Fuga ulapo.

| Fuga ’avasai.
| Fuga pa’i, Fuga pa’ipa’i, Fuga

mea.

Fuga uli.

Fuga nea.

Tapoli, Laea mumu.

Fuga meamea.

Laea pulepule, Laea mumu.
Galo, Laea galo.

Fuga galu-moana.

Fugausi.

Mutu uli.
Si’u, Tifitifi sama.

| Tifitifiuli, Tifitifilauifi, Manini.
| Tifitifi mata-ume, Samasania.

Tifitifi a’o, Matagi pulepule.

Tifitifi tala.

Tifitifi laomea.

Tifititi pulepule, Tifitifi sama
sama.

Tifitifi pulepule pa’ipa’i.

| Tifitifi a’au.

Tifitifi pa’ipa’i.

| Tifitifi ’u sama.

Tifitifi ila, Tifitifi taiona, Tifitifi
tusi.

Alamu.

Aimeo, Alamu.

Ulapua.

Lega, Aimeo.

Tu’w’u pulepule mumu.

Laulaufau.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA.

445

Vernacular names of fishes heard in Hawaii and Samoa—Continued.

NaMEs OF SPECIES. Hawai. | Samoa.
Zanclusicanescens ee seeee eee eee eee Kohikihieoulusssenesesee eee | Tifitifi, Galafa.
mlataxgonbicularisyees-eeeeeeeeee eee Pansodbanbecoasgansscodoccscee | Pe’ape’a ull.
Elepatusmatoidesss2ss5-eemse os -a-- eV cep ey ore attest see | Umelei.
iHepatusilineatus!sessee assess eee oe lixctade SSatege ode heaece sees Alogo.

Hepa tus alia ayen sees tesec ere eee |Paomaatjocsussosgacssossequess | Loata, Alamea samasama.
epatusitriostegussss sesso are cteee | tose ence ae ee eocene oe cee Manifi.

Hepatus sandwichensis ------------- Maninie as etessccasate ecco.

Hepatus dussumieri ........-.-.--.- Bualuy ee eee eee ete

Hepatus atramentatus ----..--.-----

Elepatusiolivaceusjs-e-cseeeases 2 ee

lepatusmionicansesseeteeeeeeer eee Base cronoseeerososssadSSpRanaS | Pusina, Uliuli maia.

iepatusy;achillesieess-eeceaeeeeeee [ess see re See ee ames se | Pone i’u mumu.

hlepatusvaquilinuseeseneeeee=e ne sees eee Palagi samasama.

Hepatus elongatus:.- s--g2eaces-22-- Mattias oe Ser tre aco | Unayau.

epatus) euttatusse-- ee seeee eee a= IAD Ds cee chaps es oyereeieteetopae sree | Moana, Aau.

Prencchestus striatus ee cA eG ae see KOO; sae nentes ase see | Palagi, Ponepone, Aau.
ebrasomagrhombeumpseseeeesecsae| -eecee cee aeeee eee eee seer eee | Ali palagi, Iliu.

Zebrasoma flavescens......----.---- Malpalas ache ascent ee seee Sanmsaree

Zebrasoma veliferum .....--.--.---- Api, Maneoneo....--...------ | Lupo.

Aebrasomarrostratumies. 2 aesscsceas ae eer ae se eae ence re Ali.

Acanthurus)lituratusss sees. see ener Palka aplcall ase Xtal] oe eae ee Ili’ilia, Umelei, Ume.

Reanthurus UNICORNISEe see eee eee Sal Alrses Gy eye te a Servs epee rere Tl’ilia segi, Ume, Umelei.

Siganusimarmoratus sence sesso sa. |sesecme sae ces ee eee ee ee eaeeeee | Lo pa’wulu.

Siganushpuncta tus Meee tees eee | eae ea nner aa Oe eee a cae Lo ’ele’ele.

Balistes. ..--- Ries Soe eae eae oppemiee ee Eu nih Une yee Sumu.

Balistes chrysopterus Sumu pa’epa’e.

Balistes|Widual sans sce seca ci eistas Eee oan s eee oeteeia oe emesis Sumui’umumu, Sumu pa’epa’e

| mumu.

aes WEN OME AUENS cong aoocoodlscocos soeceeecocsassoecaR=oeeS | Sumu_ laolao.

Balistapusiundulatus!=s8e5aseere sn eee stores eee ee were | Sumu uli.

Balistapus rectangulus ....-...------ Puwahumuhumu, Humuhumu | Sumu pulepule.

nukunuku apua’a.

Balistapustacnleatusiasetee cesses eee see aan cee eerie eee Sumu uliuli.

AMANSES!SCOPAS reese Lace eee -eeae cist |e nemo nae nee eeise eeeeiee ek sce Sisitui.

Cantherines sandwichensis- ----.----- Onlilepay@ huss ase ee | Aimeo,

Wlonocanthusimelanocephaluseeeseee |seeeee tee ner roe e eee nee eeee Moloasi, Pa’ u-mea.

Monocanthus spilosomns.--.---.---- OleroxewOilik sas ates sete ce

Oxymonacanthusloneirostristee =e seers eee eee ese eensee ee ares Aleya.

Osbeckiaiscriptalse---e-s-eeeeeeeeeee Onlilepa;|Ohuasesaaseeeeeee-

Allutera;mOnoceros| asses. -e- sase2 ce MOuluteae Sese0 oases e Soee

Wactoniaicornuta ss ss seeeese erase eee | AEeeeaeee eee cence eee eee Loamoas

@Stracionystuberculatum\sseeseee rea see cee reeet erent cere eee | Moamoa uli.

Ostracionisebreesee season eee eae Mia’ a S2aih ese heaee oe nee Moamoa samasama.

Ostracion oahuensis.....-......----- Moam oawaraserpeereeeesnene |

Ostracionlenti@inosuimlsss=s= = see asp eee meee se eee ee ere | Moamoa uliuli.

Wactoniaraleodonis=ss4-— eee -e eae Makukanaaees cs seeeeeeee

Tetraodon hispidus-......-.-------- ©’ opuhue Keke, | Sue.

Tetraodon nigropunctatus.....------ Maksim alii 222 SMe eee eens Sue.

Canthigastersolandtl)= 452 smc eses cjeae eae ee eer eines eee eee Sue mimi.

Canthigaster epilamprus -.------.--- WeUNkOlala nas semcesctesososs- |

Chilomiycterustafimiseespe-s--- seee- Ovopuhuerne- cee stance eeeee

Diodonihwy Strix 326 328 oh Os ee See eC aes hi te ee ke oe Tauta.

Ranzania makua -

Sebastopsis guamens La’ otale.

Sebastopistes laotale.-....-.-.------ La’ otale.

Scorpzenopsis gibbosa - | Nofu.

Synanceja verrucosa - --- - Nofu.

Dendrochirus sausaulele - - | Sausaulele.

Cephalacanthus orientalis -

Caracanthus maculatus - - - | Tu’u’u.

Rarapercisstetracanthuss*saeas,<a-ees kas ace aan Meee ee aoe etoer| Ta’ oto.

446

BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Vernacular names of fishes heard in Hawaii and Samoa—Continued.

NAmeEs OF SPECIES.

Hawatt.

SAMOA.

Meptecheneisinaucratesia yassasseeess eeeeciessiee eset eeeeaeeee é

Synchiropus lili
Periophthalmus barbarus
Hypseleotris guntheri

Talitaliuli.
Lili.

| Mano’o, Talae.
Malu vai.

Hleotrisituscae sesso oot ese eee | O’opu, Okuhekuhe-.-.-..------ Pa’ ofu.
Wallencienneasvioliters ey emcee ie | etee tertee taser ae troe arene nt een emer Ta’ oto.
Zonogobiusisemidoliatusesas-ssecese tee eee eer ee eee eer eee | Mano’o.
Vailimajstevensoni® 2-2 sa2e oases Sarasa ieceieisiee ciee ee See reece Pa’ ofu.
A-waous ocellaris): 72: suite Sood esa tee ese eer see ene Mano’o, la pala.
ASwaousigenivittatus ees. tat eee esa eerste eee eee Anam Teli.

Awaous stamineus...-...----------- OO PW eee ee ries

Biviotaprasites siya ses ein eae el leye eerie te te alee a Oe pape | Lili.

Miao tfuscus) gyn ares tea Pe papel erate ening nc ee ses Re Pa’ofu.
Pseudorvobiodonicitrinuseseeseese ses lpeeer ere eee eee eee ..-| Ulitui.

Daa ria! eek ahs me eat Poaros peer ens eeaciee eae Mano’o.
Hxalliasiilpnevisteee sess seee essa “ae ERO OUKAUI Ae eee omen mame Mano’o gatala.
AS ET CUS 2S ey EL Me DSR ee a [I tea kent ate Siete ope Pee spore eer Mano’o.

ANGI CUS StAtUs ye oe SRE ee Ne OR eye ere tebe me teehee toto a Mano’o a’au.
Platophrys pantherinus..-.-..---..-- Palkia ats 2 eS Ae Riera Bae Ali.
Platoplarystin an Cus ese yeaa ae es [pee ay orate cee ere et cen este oy aes Ali.
Brotulaimargimalis) 22 sue sen ee ubispalamoanay se ssecee ss
Dinematichthysmluoccsteoidest=s252c|eh eee oeees eee eee aes eee Tapotopoto.

GLOSSARY OF PRINCIPAL WORDS COMPOSING NATIVE NAMES OF SAMOAN FISHES.
By W. E. Sarrorp.

The following vocabulary, based chiefly on notes taken in Samoa during the
months of February, March, April, and May, 1888, was obtained from native fisher-
men, all of whom showed the greatest interest in telling me of the fishes of the reef,
the ocean, and the stream, distinguishing those which were best for food from those
which were unwholesome or poisonous, and warning me against those armed with
stinging spines and those lurking in holes in the coral which inflict severe wounds
with their sharp teeth. One of the most interesting lists I secured from an old
native who was fishing for sharks from a canoe lying under our stern at Leone Bay.
This man would attract the attention of a shark by shaking in the water a number of
half shells of cocoanuts strung loosely dn a stick, rim to rim. The shark would
approach to within a few fathoms of the canoe to find out the cause of the commo-
tion; then the native would throw out a bait (md@inw), consisting of a fish’s head
attached to a string, and draw it gently toward the canoe, the shark following.
When the shark was within reach, the fisherman would seize a heavy club he had in
readiness and strike the shark a violent blow on the head to stun it, then slip a noose
(maea) over its head and, holding it alongside the canoe, dispatch it with a knife.
This was to me an example of the most primitive method of fishing. The rattle he
called ¢ud-ipu (string of cups); the shark was one of the kind called male. The
fisherman told me of a larger kind, ealled tanifa, which was known to attack men
while swimming, and as he found an interested listener he followed his account
with a list of the principal fishes of Samoa. The names I wrote down at once, later
correcting the orthography with the aid of Dr. George Pratt’s excellent dictionary

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 447

of the Samoan language. Afterwards I supplemented my list by additional informa-
tion obtained at native feasts and from fishermen returning from the reefs with their
spears and nets and from their exciting chase for bonitos in their swift canoes pro-
vided with poles and trolling lines. Of course | could only record the native names,
without attempting to do more than determine the genera or families of the most
conspicuous kinds. The present work of Doctor Jordan makes it possible for the
first time to identify the species of nearly all of the fishes in my list.

In this list there are certain names marked with an interrogation point. These
I was unable to check with my list or to explain in a satisfactory manner. Some of
the names of fishes are primitive, like atu, pus?, fac, and are widespread throughout
Polynesia; others have a definite significance, such as 7a sina, white fish; ?w-sama-
sama, yellow-tail; and others, like the long-beaked a/eva, take their names from those
of birds or other natural objects. I have included also the principal adjectives,
verbs, and nouns from which compound names of fishes have been formed.

’a’a,n. A snapper, Lutianus argentimaculatus.

aau, n. A name applied to two lancet-fishes, Hepatus guttatus and Clenochaetus striatus. See av, a sharp
fish spine, a needle.

a’au, n. The coral reef; wkaw (New Zealand), the border of land near the sea.

afa, m. A cord, or sinnet, braided from cocoanut-fiber, a string.

afa’afa, n. Name applied to a thread-fin, Polydactylus plebeius, a fish with its pectoral fins modified
into string-like organs of touch.

afo, n. A fishing line. Aho (Hawaii and Tahiti), a line or cord.

afolu, n. Name applied toasurmullet, Mulloides samoensis, a fish with thread-like barbels growing from
the throat.

ago, v. To mark a pattern for tattooing; to mark with charcoal.

aimeo, n. Name applied to file-fishes of the genera Holacanthus and Cantherines.

alala, n. Plates or scales of tortoise-shell.

alala-saga, n. Name applied to a demoiselle-fish (Abudefduf septemfasciatus) with tortoise-shell-like
markings.

alalafutu, n. Name applied to a pompano, Trachinotus ovatus, and to Caranx plumbeus, fish having the
first rays of the dorsal fin more or less filamentous.

alamu (alamea?), n. Name applied to species of Holacanthus.

alamea, 7. A many-rayed sea-urchin.

alamea, n. A surgeon-fish, Hepatus aliala.

alati-moana(?), n. Hemigymnus melapterus.

aleva, n. A little file-fish with beak-like snout, Oxymonacanthus longirostris.

aleva, n. Name of a bird ( Ludynamis taitensis).

ali, n. A flounder (Platophrys); name applied also to a flat fish (Zebrasoma) with a superficial resem-
blance to a flounder.

ali-palagi, n. Zebrasoma rhombeum.

aloalo, n. The lagoon between the beach and the reef.

alogo, n. A beautifully marked surgeon-fish, Hepatus lineatus.

alomatu, adj. Partially dry.

’analagi, ’ana’analagi, n. A mullet-like, spotted fish, Liza cxruleomaculata.

anaana (Tahiti), adj. Beaming, shining; kanakana (Paumutu), bright, radiant; kana (New Zealand),
the eyeballs.

‘anae, n. The name of a fish (liza sp.); kanae (New Zealand), the gray mullet; anae (Tahiti) a mullet;
anae (Hawaii), a mullet.

anefe, n. Name applied to young of lo (Siganus sp. ).

’ao, adj. Small, slender.

apoa, n. An eel-like fish with stinging dorsal spine, P/otosus anguillaris.

448 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

apo (Hawaii), v. To catch, to hook into; apoapo (Samoa), to poise a spear.

’ata’ata, 1. A name applied to several fishes of the genera Epinephelus, Cephalopholis, and Leiurus.

ata’ata (Hawaii), n. The falling off of the scarf skin after drinking awa; akaa (Hawaii), not cohering;
ataa (Tahiti), split up into patches or areoles not adhering. Possibly the name applied to the
sea-basses or groupers on account of their spotted coloration.

’ata’ata pulepule, n. A sea-bass, Epinephelus merra.

’ata’ata uli, ». Dark-colored ’ata@’ ata.

atu, n. A bonito (Gymnosarda pelamis). Aku (Hawaii), a bonito.

atualo, n. A bonito, Megalaspis cordyla.

atule, n. The ‘‘goggle-eyed jack,’’ or horse mackerel, Trachurops erumenophthalma. Akuke (Hawaii);
aturere (New Zealand), a highly prized fish.

atun~a-loloa, ». ‘‘ Long-fin,’”’ a crevallé, Caran hasselti.

atunga, n. The fin of a fish.

au, n. A fish-spine, a needle.

a’u, n. Name applied to hound-fishes, Tylosurus giganteus, etc.

aua, n. Name applied to a young ’anae, Liza troscheli.

ava, n. The name of a very scaly fish.

’ava’ava,n. Terapon jarbua. Kawa (New Zealand), name of a traditional being which hung like a
veil upon the forehead of the eel-god, Tuna.

‘ava ’ava moana, w. Plectorhynchus diagramia.

’avasai, adj. Perhaps ’avasia, burnt by the sun.

vele’ele, n. Siganus punctatus. ’Ele (Samoa) rust, red earth; ereere (Tahiti), black, dark, also blue;
cleele (Hawaii) dark-colored-black, blue.

fa’a moana, adj. Pelagic, a name applied to fish found in schools far out from shore. Moana
(Samoa), the ocean; moana (Hawaii, New Zealand), the ocean.

fai, n. A sting-ray, Himantura fai. Whai (New Zealand), a sting-ray; fai (Tahiti), a sting-ray; vai
(Fiji), a sting-ray.

faiumu, v. To cook an oven of food.

fataga loa, n. Hulichewres dedalma.

felo, adj. Light yellow.

fili, n. Sinnet, braided cocoanut fiber; fili mama, a ring braided of cocoanut fiber.

filoa, n. Lethrinella miniata.

fo, n. Name applied to fishes of the genus Amia and related genera.

fo mumu, n. Apogonichthys marmoratus.

foa’ao, n. Pempheris oualensis.

fui, n. A collection or cluster.

fuifui-atu, n. A school of bonito.

fuga, n. Name applied to parrot-fishes (Callyodontide).

fuga ’avasai, n. Callyodon erythrodon.

fuga galu-moana, n. Callyodon ultramarinus.

fuga mea, n. Callyodon balinensis; C. zonularis.

fuga meamea, n. Callyodon obscurus.

fuga mumu, n. Callyodon pyrrhurus.

fuga pa’ipa’i, n. Callyondon balinensis; C. oviceps.

fuga ulapo, n. Callyodon ruberrimus.

fuga usi, mn. Callyodon oviceps.

ga, n. A inackerel, Scomber loo.

galo, n. A full-grown usiusi.

galo, n. Callyodon jordani.

galu, n. Wave. Galu-tai (Samoa), waye-of-the-sea; galu-moana (Samoa), wave of-the-ocean; gagalu,
to be rippled, as the water by a fish swimming near the surface.

galu-moana, adj. Mispronunciation of lanu-moana, sea-blue.

galafa (?), 1. Zunclus canescens.

gata,n. Asnake. Ngata (Tonga, Fiji), a snake; ngata (New Zealand), a snail or slug.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 449

gata-sami, 7. Ocewnops lativittata. Gata-sami (Samoa), sea-snake; sami (Samoa), the sea, salt water.
(Perhaps matasami, said to mean eye of the sea. )

gatala, adj. Name applied to a number of spotted fishes, especially sea-basses of the genera Hpineplhelus
and Cephalopholis. Naka (Hawaii), to split or break open, as the ground in a drought; nakaka
(Hawaii), full of cracks; ngatata (New Zealand), full of cracks, as skin which is chapped.

gatala, n. Hpinephelis merra.

gatala aleva, n. Anyperodon leucogrammicus.

gatala moana, n. Cephalopholis argus.

gatala uli, 1. Cephalopholis leopardus; C. argus.

gutu-umi, n. HMpibulus insidiator. Gutu (Samoa), mouth, snout; wmi, drawn out, elongated.

Va, n. Fish; the general name in Samoa for all fishes except the bonito. Jka (New Zealand, Tonga,
Marquesas, Fiji), the general name for fish; ikan (Malay); guihan (Guam).

ia lanu-moana, 7. ‘Fish color-of-the-ocean,’’? a name applied to Chromis cwruleus and C. analis.

i’a mai-moana, 7. A name applied to Plectorhynchus chxtodonoides.

Va pala, n. Awaous ocellaris.

ia sina, n. Mulloides samoensis.

i’a tusitusi, vn. Pseudocheilinus hexutenia.

Va ui,n. Name applied to a large eel.

Va vai, 7. A name sometimes applied to fresh-water eels.

ifigi (?), . LTalicheres centiquadrus.

ila, ilaila, adj. Spotted, or marked.

*ili,m. A rasp or file; a saw.

ilivilia,n. Acanthurus lituratus (jav.); A.unicornis.

ili, n. <A fan.

iliu (ili-i’u),n. Zebrasoma rhombeum.

inato, 7. Kuhlia rupestris.

ise,n. A half-beak (Hemiramphus) and Belone platyura. Ihe (New Zealand), a gar-fish or half-beak;
ihe (Hawaii, Tahiti), a spear; ihe (Marquesas), a fish with a long beak.

iu, 7. The tail of a fish; the end of anything. Hikw (New Zealand), the tail of a fish or reptile; iku
(Tonga), the tail of animals ; ikur (Malay), the tail of animals, the train of a garment; hiu (Ha-
waii), the tail of a fish.

u-mumu, adj. Red-tailed.

iu-samasama, 7. Yellow-tail, Abudefduf lacrymatus.

Vu-sina, n. White-tail, Pomacentrus melanopterus.

lae,n. The part between the lip and the chin without hair. Lae (Hawaii), any projecting part;
the forehead.

laea, n. Name applied to several fishes of the genus Callyodon.

laea galo, 7. Cullyodon jordani.

laea mumu, 7. Callyodon bataviensis and C. latax.

laea pulepule, n. Callyodon latax.

lai,n. A mackerel, Scomberoides sanctipetri.

lailai (?),n. Pseudipeneus indicus.

laitiiti, adj. Small.

lalafi, n. Cheilinus diagrammus. Lafi (Samoa), to hide away.

lalafi pulepule, n. Cheilinus fasciatus.

lalafutu, n. Caranx armatus.

lanifi, adj. Thin. (See manifi.)

lanu, n. Color.

lanu-moana, adj. Sea-color, sky-blue.

laolao, adj. Smooth.

laotale, n. Fishes with poisonous spines, Sebastopsis quamensis, and Sebastapistes laotale.

lau, n. A leaf. Lau-taro, a taro leaf; lau-ulu, hair (foliage) of the head.

laulaufau, n. Heniochus permutatus.

450 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

lele,v. To fly.

lega, adj. Yellow, turmeric.

lega,n. A yellow fish, Holocanthus flavissimus.

lili, n. Synchiropus lili.

lo, n. Name applied to several fishes of the genus Siganus.

lo-mea, n. Name applied to young fry of Jo, loloa, and anefe (Siganus species). In Guam these are
caught in great quantities and preserved by the natives, who call them manahag.

lo pa’wulu, n. Siganus marmoratus. Pa’u-ulu signifies ‘‘ rind of a bread-fruit,’’ which is composed of
a number of areoles.

loa, adj. Long.

loata, n. Hepatus aliala.

logouli, n. Name applied to the maomao when it is changing color to become a pala’ ia.

loloa, n. Name of a fish (Siganus).

lese pule (?), n. Cxsio cxrulaureus.

lupa, n. Zebrasoma veliferum.

lupe, adj. Sometimes incorrectly used for pule (spotted).

lupo, n. Caranx ignobilis; C. sexfasciatus.

lupo ta,n. A large lupo.

mago, n. Name for one kind of shark. Mango (New Zealand), mano (Hawaii), mao (Tahiti), names
for sharks.

mai, prep. From; mai-moana (Samoa), from the ocean, pelagic.

mala’i, n. A snapper (Lutianus sp. ).

mala’i pa’epa’e, n. Lutianus gibbus.

malau, n. Name applied to squirrel-fishes (Myripristis and Holocentrus).

malau faiumu, n. A rose-colored fish with silver lines, Holocentrus punctatissimusk, called also malau
matapua’ a.

malau mataputa, n. A squirrel-fish, Myripristis microphthalmus, called also malau tea.

malau tea, n. A squirrel-fish, Myripristis microphthalmus.

malau vai, n. A fish entering fresh-water streams, Hypseleotris guntheri.

malauli, n. A cavally, Caranx melampygus.

malie, n. General name applied to sharks.

malie alamata, n. Carcharias melanopterus. Malie alo (belly-shark), name applied to a shark found
inside the lagoon; malie tua (back shark), another kind round outside the lagoon.

malolo, n. General name for flying-fishes (Cypsilurus sp.). Malolo (Hawaii), name for flying-fishes
(Parexoceetus, ete. ).

mamo, n. Name applied to Chromis ceruleus, Myripristis pralinius and Dascyllus aruanus. They feed
on coral reefs. As

manaia, adj. Handsome; a dandy, or beau. ;

manifi, manifinifi, adj. Thin. A name applied to Hepatus triostegus, Holocentrus spinifer, Pempheris
oualensis, and Pseudupeneus sp. Nihinihi (Hawaii), anything standing on the edge, a sharp ridge.

manini, n. The name of a fish, Hepatus triostegus.

mano’o, ». Name applied to blennies, or to goby-like fishes frequenting stones along the edge of the sea.

mano’o, n. Awaous ocellaris; Alticus alboguttatatus.

mano’o a’au, ». Alticus striatus.

mano’o gatala, n. Salarias brevis.

~ maomao, n. Name applied to young pal@’ia.

maoa’e, n. Gymnothorax javanicus.

masamie (?), n. Cheilio inermis.

mata, n. Eyes; face; appearance.

mata-’ele’ele, n. Lethrinus harak.

mata-i-taliga, n. Name applied in Samoa to the hammer-head shark, Sphyrna zugena, signifying
“eyes-in-ears.”’ Q

mata-pula, n. Name applied to a red-and-white mottled fish, Priacanthus cruentatus, having its iris
marked with bright red blotches. (See pula.)

matagi pulepule, n. Chextodon reticulatus.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 451

matagi,7., v. Wind; to blow.

matalau, n. Pseudupeneus chryserydros. Name probably derived from barbels, called lau, like law ulu,
hair of the head. c

matalau uliuli, n. Pseudupeneus bifasciatus.

matu, n. Nystema argyreum.

matu loa, n. Yystema gigas.

matu mutu, n. Kyphosus waigiensis.

mea, meamea, adj. Young; an infant.

mea, meamea, adj. Yellowish brown, brownish; mea (Tahiti), to be red, as the skin after eating fish.

mea-sili, adj. Exceedingly young.

mimi, v. To urinate.

misimisi, n. Pleclorhynchus crassispinus.

misimisi, v. To smack the lips.

moai (?), n. Cheilio inermis.

moaga, n. Pseudupeneus sp.

moaga faiava, n. Pseudupeneus moana.

moamoa, n. Lactoria cornuta, a horned trunk-fish. In Hawaii moamoa signifies a sharp point or
spur at the stern of a canoe; the word may possibly be derived from moa (cock), as many of the
Ostraciidze have spurs.

moamoa samasama, n. Ostracion sebe. (See samasama. )

moamoa uli, n. Ostracion tuberculatum.

moamoa uliuli, n. Tetraodon hispidus.

moana, n. Hepatus guttatus.

moana, n. The ocean.

moana, adj. Ocean-blue. Lanu-moana, color of the ocean, sea-hlue, sky-blue.

molemole, n. Novaculichthys teniurus.

moloasi, n. Monacanthus melanocephalus.

moloasi, n. A toadstool; fungus.

mu, v. To glow, to become red.

mumea, n. Lutianus bohar.

mumu, 7. To be red or ruddy, a sign of beauty.

mumu moana, n. Monolaxis grandoculis.

mutu, n. Holotrachys lima, a red squirrel-fish.

mutu, adj. to be cut off, blunt, truncated.

mutu uli, n. Megaprotodon trifasciatus.

nanue, 7. Name applied to several species of snappers (Lutianus species). The word is sometimes
pronounced lanue or nganue by the Samoans, who are apt to be careless in their use of consonants.

nefu, 7. A name applied to small fish swimming in shoals, like anchovies. The name probably has
the same origin as nefunefu (Samoa), to be turbid; nehunehu (Hawaii), a multitude; nehu-tai
(New Zealand), sea-spray.

nofu, 7. Name applied to toad-fishes, Scorpenopsis gibbosa, and Synanceja verrucosa. Nohu (Mangaia),
the name of a fish haying poisonous spines; nufu (Guam), a toad-fish, Synanceja verrucosa.

pa’e, pa’epa’e, adj. White; light-colored.

paipai (New Zealand), n. A cutaneous disease; paipai (Hawaii), to peel off, as the bark of a tree or
the skin of an animal.

pa’ipa’i, n. The name of a fish. Pa’ipa’i (Samoa), useless, to no purpose. In many cases pa’ipa’i is
probably a corruption of pa’epa’e, white.

pala, n. Mud; parapara (New Zealand), mud, dirt.

pala ’ia,n. The name of a fish which is called maomao when very young and logouli when changing
to the adult stage.

palagi, n. A name applied to Clenochextus striatus.

palagi samasama, 7. Hepatus aquilinus.

pa’ofu, 7. Name applied to Eleotris fusca, Mapo fuscus, and other gobies; oopu in Hawaii.

pa’u, n. Skin, rind, bark.

pa’u ’ulu, n. The rind of the breadfruit. A name applied to Siganus marmoratus.

452 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

pa’u-mai-moana, n. A poetic name applied to the bonito.

pa’u-masunu, n. A poetic name applied to the bonito.

pa’u-mea, n. Monacanthus melanocephalus.

pauli, adj. Purple.

paumutu (?), n. Hemigymnus melapterus.

pe’ape’a, n. A bat; a swift (bird).

pe’ape’a uli, n. Platax orbicularis.

pela, n. A name applied to the filoa (Lethrinella miniata).

pelupelu, n. Harengula commersoni.

pine, n. A shoal of young fishes.

pipi, n. Abudefduf metallicus.

pipine, n. The name of a fish.

poi, n. The name of a small fish.

pone, n. A name applied to surgeon-fishes, Hepatus species.

pone i’u mumu, n. Hepatus achilles.

potati (?), n. Cirrhitus marmoratus.

pua’a, n. A hog; mata-pua’a, hog-faced.

pula, adj. Shining, glowing. Pura (Tahiti), a spark of fire; pura (Mangaia), having anything like
dust in the eyes.

pulepule, adj. Spotted; striped with various colors. Pulepule (Hawaii), spotted, speckled, of various
colors; bulebule (Tonga), spotted.

pusi, n. General name for sea-eels (Gymnothorax, Echidna, Leptocephalus). Puhi (Hawaii), a sea-eel;
puhi (New Zealand), a large eel; puhi (Tahiti), an eel; puhi (Mangaia), a sea-eel, which bites
severely.

pusi ’ai’aiuga, n. Hchidna leihala.

pusi gatala, n. Gymnothorax pictus; G: flavomarginatus.

pusi pulepule, n. Gymnothorax undulatus.

pusi sulusulu, n. Scuticaria tigrina.

pusi tafa’ilautalo, n. Same as tuna tafa’ilautalo, an eel.

safole, n. A fish found in salt water, Kuhlia teniura.

saga, n. Flipper of a turtle.

sama, samasama, adj. Yellow.

samasama, n. Zebrasoma flavescens.

sami, n. The sea; salt water. Gata sami (‘‘sea-snake’’), Oceanops lativittata.

sausau, v. To flutter the wings.

sausaulele, n. ‘‘To fly fluttering,’ Dendrochirus sausolele. ;

sega, n. A paroquet kept in captivity for the sake of its red feathers.

segasega, n. Holocentrus ruber.

segi, v. To burn a scar as a beauty-spot.

segisegi, n. Acanthurus unicornis, a species having brightly colored spots about the spurs on the tail.

sele, n. A bamboo knife. Hele (Tonga), a bamboo knife; sele (Fiji), a bamboo knife.

sesele, n. A perch-like fish found in fresh water, Kuhlia marginata; when full grown called inato.

sila, n. Extremity of rainbow.

si’u, n. The name of a fish.

si’u muti, 7. The name of the lalafi ( Cheilinus diagrammus) when full-grown.

siuli (?), n. Chxtodon setifer.

sisi, n. Eyes of a cocoanut.

sisitui, 1. Amanses scopas, a file-fish with spines on each side of tail.

sola, ». To run away; to escape.

solasulusulu, v. To flee and hide away.

soloalalo, n. One kind of sea-eel.

sue, adj. To be puffed out; to project, as a fat belly.

sue, 7. A name applied to puffers ( Tetraodon).

sue mimi, 7. ‘‘ Urinating puffer,’’ Canthigaster solandri.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 453

sugale, n. General name applied to wrasse-fishes of the genera Anampses, Tiialassoma, and Cheil-nus;
meaning choice. y

sugale, n. Gomphosus tricolor; Thalassoma fuscum; Cheilinus diagrammus.

sugale aloa, n. Hemigymnus melapterus.

sugale ’ele (?), n. Thalassoma dorsale.

sugale gasufi, n. Cheilinus chlorurus.

sugale sa’a’ele’ele, n. Thalassoma dorsale.

sugale lupe (pule ?), n. Anaimpses cxruleopunctatus, a blue-spotted wrasse.

sugale mata-mumu, ». Cheilinus trilobatus.

sugale pulepule, n. Vhalassoma dorsale.

sugale uliuli, n. Labrichthys cyanolania.

sulu, ». To take refuge in.

sulusulu, 7. To hunt with a torch.

sumu, v. To stick into the body like a spear.

sumu, sumusumu, 7. Name applied to trunk-fishes or trigger-fishes ( Balistes).

sumu i’u-mumu, 7. Balistes vidua.

sumu-pa’epa’e, n. Balistapus chrysopterus.

suma-pa’epa’e mumu, n. Balistes flavomarginutus.

sumu pulepule, n. Balistapus rectangulus.

sumu uli, n. Balistapus aculeatus.

sumu uliuli, n. Balistapus aculeatus.

susu, n. Nipples, teats.

susu umi, n. Chorististium suswint.

ta, n. To jump asomersault. Lupo ta, Caranx plumbeus.

tafa’i, n. To break off, as a leaf. ;

tagi, v. To weep; to mourn.

tagitagi, n. Hemigymnus melapterus.

tagau, n. Lutianus marginatus.

tai, 7. Sea, salt-water.

taiva, 7. Name applied to a snapper, Lutianus marginatus, and to Scolopsis trilineata.

taiva uliuli, n. Lutianus monostigma.

ta’i-ono, adj. Six by six; by sixes; six on a side.

tala, n. The spur of a cock, barb of a spear.

talae, n. Periophthalmus barbarus, air-breathing fish found in mangrove swamps; mangrove-hopper.

tali, v. To wait for; to stand by to do something.

taliuli, ». To steer, without assisting to paddle.

talitaliuli, n. One who follows in the train of another; one who waits about for food. Name applied
to the pilot-fish, Leptecheneis naucrates.

talinga, n. Ear. Twringa (New Zealand), ear; dalinga (Fiji), ear; talinga, tainga (Malay), ear; talanga
(Guam), ear.

tamala, n. Name applied to young taiva.

tanifa, n. A large man-eating shark (Carcharias). Taniwha (New Zealand), a water-monster; danivu
(Fiji), one kind of shark,

tao, n. A spear. Jao (Polynesia generally), a spear; kao (Hawaii), a spear or javelin; to throw or dart
a spear.

taotao, n. Microphis brachyurus.

tao-tito, n. Aulostomus valentini. Tito, to fall headlong.

taoto, n. Parapercis tetracinclus; Zenarchopterus vaisiganis; Valenciennea violifera.

ta’uleia, n. Pseudupeneus indicus; Ps. barberinus.

taupou, 7. A virgin; the princess ofa village. A name applied to several demoiselle-fishes, especially
to Pomacentrus pavo, Abudefduf uniocellatus, and Abudefduf taupou.

tea, teatea, tetea, adj. White, light-colored, albino. Kea (Hawaii), white.

tega,n. Thigh; upper arm.

ti’ava, n. Lutianus gibbus.

454 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

tifi, vy. To adorn. Kihi (Hawaii), the outside corner or projection of a thing, the apex of a leaf; kihi-
kihi (Hawaii), the curving of the horns of the moon, the curving of the wings of a bird; mano kihi-
kihi (Hawaii), the hammer-head shark.

tifitifi, m. General name for cheetodonts or butterfly-fishes and small fishes resembling them.

tifitifi a’au pulepule, n. Chatodon ornatissimus.

tifitifi ’ao, n. Chetodon reticulatus.

tifitifi laumea, n. Chatodon lunula.

tifitifi tala, n. Chxtodon trifasciatus.

tifitifi, n. Zanclus canescens.

tifitifi ila, n. Chextodon ephippium. Ila, a birthmark on the skin.

tifitifi i’u-sama, n. Chetodon pelewensis.

tifitifi lauifi, n. Chextodon citrinellus.

tifitifi magina (?), n. Chetodon citrinellus.

tifitifi mata-niu, n. Chxtodon vagabundus.

tifitifi paipai, n. Chetodon mertensi.

tifitih pulepule pa’ipa’i, n. Chextodon melannotus.

tifitifi pulepule samasama, n. Chetodon unimaculatus.

tifitifi sama, n. Chtodon setifer.

tifitifi taiono, n. Chextodon ephippium.

tifitifi tusa, n. Chlodon ephippium.

tifitifii uli, n. Chetodon citrinellus.

tito, n. Aulostomus valentini, a trumpet-fish; tito (Samoa), to dart or fall headlong.

tolai, n. A name of two birds, Petroica pusilla and Myzomela nigriventris.

tolai, n. Gnathodontex aurolineatus.

toto, n. Monodactylus argenteus.

tui, v. A spine; to thread a needle; to run a string through.

tuna, n. Aneel, Anguilla sp. Tuna (New Zealand), an eel; tuna (Tonga), an eel; duna (Fiji), an eel;
tona (Madagascar), the largest kind of eel.

tuna gatala, n. Anguilla mauritiana.

tuna tafa’ilautalo, n. See pusi tafa ilautalo.

tusi, n. Scolopsis trilineata.

tusitusi, n. Striped. Tusi, to mark.

tusa, n. To be equal; the same on both sides.

tu’w’u, n. Name applied to fish with a broad, compressed body, as Pomacentrus nigricans, Abudefduf
leucopomus, and Abudefduf dicki.

tu’u’u pulepule mumu, n. Holocanthus bispinosus.

uga vai, n. Hepatus elongatus.

ui, adj. Dark colored; ili-ui, dark-skinned

ui, v. To pass along.

uisila, n. Name applied to Atherina sp.

’ula, ula ‘ula, adj. Red. Kula (Tonga), red; kura (New Zealand), red; ura (Tahiti), red feathers;
ulaula (Hawaii), red; kulakula (Fiji), red.

ulavapua, lava-ula-pua, vala-ula-pua, adj. Black in the fore and hind parts and white in the middle.

ulavapua, n. Pomacentrus albofasciatus; Abudefduf sordidus.

ula pua, n. Holocanthus bicolor.

uli, uliuli, adj. Dark blue, black.

uli, v. To steer.

ulitui, n. Pseudogobiodon citrinus.

uliuli (usiusi?), n. Megaprotodon trifascialis.

ulu, n. Head.

’ulu, n. Breadfruit.

ulua, n. Caranx forstert.

ume, 7. A name applied to surgeon or lancet fishes, species of Hepatus and Acanthurus.

umelei, n. Hepatus matoides, Acanthurus lituratus, Acanthurus unicornis.

THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 455

umi, y. To lengthen out. (See gutu umi, Epibulus insidiator, from the protractile jaws. )
umue (?), n. Kyphosus waigiensis.

usi, usiusi, odj. Green.

usiusi, n. Callyodon (juv.).

usiusi (?), 7. Megaprotodon trifascialis.

va’a, n. Boat, canoe; vaka (Tonga), a boat; waka (New Zealand), a canoe; waa (Hawaii), a canoe.
vae, n. Foot, leg.

vai, n. Fresh water; wai (Hawaii and New Zealand), fresh water.

vaiuli sama, n. Abudefduf tawpou, Pomacentrus vaiuli.

vete, n. A surmullet, Upeneus vittatus. Weke (Hawaii), Mulloides sp.

PLATE XXXIIl.

Bull. U. S, B. F. 1905.

‘AdAL ‘S3IOSdS MAN ‘31VaS ® Nvayor snunovay NOGOATIVO

PLATE XXXIV.

Bull. U. S. B. F. 1905.

‘AdAL ‘S3IO3dS M3N ‘31VaS ® NVGHOr SNOYSINN4S NOGOATIVO

or

ate
at

eae
a
Ss
anes
Eh

4

PLATE XXXV.

Bull. U.S. B..F, 1905.

“YSGISNHOS

Ko

HOO18 SNLVLONNdOYDIN NOGOVYLSL

Ty

Bull, U. S. B. F. 1905. PLATE XXXVI.

1. ASTERROPTERIX SEMIPUNCTATUS RUPPELL.

2. HETERELEOTRIS CLARA JORDAN & SEALE, NEW SPECIES. TYPE.

3. HETERELEOTRIS PHAENNA JORDAN & SEALE, NEW SPECIES. TYPE.

a Was

her

Bull. U.S, B, F. 1905. A PLATE XXXVII.

1. VITREOLA SAGITTA JORDAN & SEALE, NEW SPECIES. TYPE.

2. RHINOGOBIUS NEOPHYTUS (QUNTHER).

3. CHAANOGOBIUS ERYTHROPS JORDAN & SEALE, NEW SPECIES. TYPE.

BULL. U. S. B. F. 1905 PLATE XXXVIII

1 ARCHAMIA LINEOLATA (EHRENBERG)
2 GRAMMISTES SEXLINEATUS (THUNBERG)
3 PHAROPTERYX MELAS (BLEEKER)

PLATE XXXIxX

BULL. U. S. B. F. 1905

(A03d39V1) VLVLLIAOLY1 SdONV300

as
Ae

ce

egnvten
os

BULL. U. S. B. F. 1905 PLATE XL

1 POMACENTRUS PAVO (BLOCH)
2 POMACENTRUS VAIULI JORDAN & SEALE

BULL. U. S. B. F. 1905

1 ABUDEFDUF CCELESTINUS (CUVIER & VALENCIENNES)
2 ABUDEFDUF DICKi (LIENARD)

:

EVUIEIES We $35 les Tea WEKols) PLATE XLI

ABUDEFDUF AMABILIS (DE VIS)
2 ABUDEFDUF ANTJERIUS (KUHL & VAN HASSELT)

BULL. U. S. B. F. 1905 PLATE XLIiil

1 ABUDEFDUF LEUCOPOMUS (CUVIER & VALENCIENNES)
2 ABUDEFDUF UNIOCELLATUS (QUOY & GAIMARD)
3 ABUDEFOUF TAUPOU JORDAN & SEALE. TYPE

re
Wy

BULL. U, S. B. F. 1905 PLATE XLIV

1 CHROMIS CARULEUS (CUVIER & VALENCIENNES)
2 PSEUDOCHEILINUS HEXATAANIA BLEEKER

BULL. U. S. B. F. 1905 PLATE XLV

‘‘

j C AARNAY
> NY

1 STETHOJULIS CASTURI GUNTHER
2 STETHOJULIS BANDANENSIS (BLEEKER)
3 LEPTOJULIS PARDALIS KNER

it

a

T

MA) “s
ect
ence

BUEER UMS Beare

1905

1 PLATYGLOSSUS MARGINATUS (RUPPELL)
2 PLATYGLOSSUS FLOS-CORALLIS JORDAN & SEALE.
3 HALICHCERES CENTIQUADRUS (LACEPEDE)

TYPE

PLATE

XLVI

BULL. U. S. B. F. 1905 PLATE XLVII

4\@ )4 \a)@ ye he) s)e)@)+ a),

o)% 1 1G NS. a )< ng hy @ie) ee).
te ep SF} Or)

“

HALICHGERES TRIMACULATUS (QUOY & GAIMARD)
HALICHCERES DAZDALMA JORDAN & SEALE
HALICHCERES OPERCULARIS (GUNTHER)

on —

BULLE. UW. S2B. F. 1905 PLATE XLViII

CALLYODON SPILONOTUS (KNER)
2 CALLYODON PRASIOGNATHUS (CUVIER & VALENCIENNES)
3 CALLYODON MAORICUS JORDAN & SEALE

WG
ia,

oe

ou Ae See

BULL. U. S. B, F. 1905

anf a“
ut igh
vo

Na
a ' "| iy DAM i)
4 \ ; t ? c P

PLATE XLIX

TYPE

CALLYODON LATAX JORDAN & SEALE.

BULL. U. S. B. F. 1905 PLATE L

MEGAPROTODON TRIFASCIALIS (QUOY & GAIMARD)
OXYMONACANTHUS LONGIROSTRIS (BLOCH & SCHNEIDER)

ny -

PLATE LI

(SNA NNID) SNVLITOA SIOY¥S1Ld

BULL. U. S. B. F. 1905 PLATE Lil

1 DENDROCHIRUS SAUSAULELE JORDAN & SEALE
2 VALENCIENNEA VIOLIFERA JORDAN & SEALE. TYPE

BULL. U. S. B. F. 1905 PLATE Lill

1 KELLOGGELLA CARDINALIS JORDAN & SEALE. TYPE

2 SYNCHIROPUS LILI JORDAN & SEALE. TYPE
3 PETROSCIRTES ATRODORSALIS GUNTHER

NED Exe
Page.
ADACULUS; | Cally Od Oneal nae 62457 SChilles SMe pats seemcee eae ae ee eee eee eee
Abalistes............ 364 | acinaces, Xystama
stellaris........ 364 | acipenserinus, Matwocephalus....................-----
abbreviatum, Xystema. . 272 | aculeatus, Balistapus..........-
abdominalis, Abudefduf. - 285 | acuminatus, Heniochus. - -
PAIDOIM Bie me oe Same serene nee ele oe ectane clermacleetete Seis stat 396 | acuta, Dussumieria-........
fae 31 Voom onoemoosanpenbcocecnmcar coe aaAcaeceaae 396 | acutirostris, Eurymyctera
ADU edu ieee cee oan: samen caeeee Sse cioe a Eee 2845 Pacutus Hemiram phussessessosseneeene cca sss eee cee
anabatoidesss2<icstscco- ces ee eee eee es 286m ACeNOMUS,) Di pOUS eee ee ae ee ee
abdominalisic< << 2-cc-sccc eee ese ences eee es 2857 |hadeti POUT ANUS eens seers eee saan secs ee eet eeeereee
AMADIS es see cent Sewer eee .. 287 | adustus, Myripristis-
antjerius.....- pee Lae seer 287 | A®oliscus...-
bankieri. as BH strigatus... a
behniseeses 2850 eC DOLCUS AC ONPTONUS tata macs tele ee eee
bimaculatus. DRG is] MeSXOSD) SCALIC Cael tet etetsete aes eer sae ee eee
COBlEStINUS een sess eee een gn al MeerOStaLicus NeLrAOG Olesen asec cena essen ae eee
CULACRO Ss sans sinc eee tee nice acount ees 2858 eeSCOUICN CNY Sarees scintnse ete iene ee eee eee
GiGkits iat Seek ioe eee Sasa eee 285 (40) eit oppo unseasccancnasadcscescoodses
MANO Meee ns Pete Renee Lee enemas 286 | Aetobatidee-
filamentosus....-. 286 | Aetobatus...........
filhol ieee 289 punctatus .................
glaucus. . BB], HOG WYO s ca nopasscoo=eenoguecease
hemimelasy seas: Cones assent ee accc eee ORT | watinis iC hilomyCveluseerse“eeee=eereseree eee aoe eee
impavipennis= pees eeeee sees eee 286 Caranx soe te nc eces net Saas ee eee ee
lacrymatusees:22s0 cse svete cds sees seen ee 285 Hef emiram PHU See eeeer ananassae
encogaster:t acct c= eee sihe wee eee eee 286 | Scolopsists se sees-ettac eet eee ee eer
TenCODOMUSeR epee eee eee eee eee eee eee 287 | Agonostomus........
Mela S tess Pack See eA Sees 286 loaloa .
metallicus - 289 | plicatilis. -
nigrifrons.. - Oe || at ratenye}, IBGE 6 scusccsossosbcoonsrensosaesacenes
pallidus. ..... ORG) paula, Callyodoness-m-==seeee nese ane aneee eee eee
Diaeiometopo nessa eeaee eae eee ees DIG|| Lewy Cem o-Seece cor caan- eo dee SSOL BH AC DOSE SESS=AR SE
saxatilis gh alalaua se claCanthusserscses see esos eee oe aan
BED LeMifaSscla tls hess sse sesame a neee 2985 | albescens, Remorina.
GIT OLLLS ten aie et lp ey Re, eee 2g6 | albisella, Dascyllus.....-...-
SOLCIC US ee eee oe ee eee eee og4 | albobrunneus, Sebastapistes. Z
TAUPO seats ces ont see a se aeeeee ee aener: ogg | albofasciatus, Pomacentrus..............-.-.-...--...
uniccellatus. oggualboguttatayyr avapeLCiSe emf ene ae ae eee es
zonatus. - ORG PAIDOLIULtAUUS eA CICUS mattee aoe te eee eee
Acanuthochromis .......------- 292 Te DIR UNOS Setar etatarale a as eer ea
Oly acan thus esse eee nee 292 | albopunctatus, Cantherines--
Ncanthocy pili esse eeee seen ee eet enn oer 228 Epinephelus.
SOLANA TL te oe ace ae allen ae 228 | albotzniatus, Lepidaplois -..
Acanthuride 350 Sicyopterus.........:..-.-.
Acanthurus 357 | albovittata, Stethojulis................... ae
Cy) |) calles spe ncrosahe Sones abe gocunn adhoc benbaessotesenets
brevirostris 357 APs eesceasa ante ssceasneoseceue =e aesocsacse
garretti......- ¥ cial ||" JNU ES. Co shane seep todon soposdcmedcnuadsmancareedes =
incipiens. , 357) | elcockiNeoscopeluse ciate ier ecletsmieteisnis woieiasr= somiacterataee
Tituratus sie! oeo cee ao eae ee elo 358 Promylantor
MeLOPOSODUTOD Se ee eae ee eee een 358 | Aldrovandia........
UD ELOSUS epee rae ee aee ee eee 357 kauaiensis. -
UDICOLDISS nese eee seen Beane ves 357 proboscidea..............--.---2-2+-+--+.-
sol arn in pal scarey te oceans ey 358 VOL GL Call s seca tole e eee ete eee
B. B. F, 1905——1 I

IL INDEX.

Alectis..

ALAA PELC DP ALUS S selatles ale ee als alesse ecto cael 350
allardiceisAmarchigs: wer ci. <a merase elton 204
alleterata, Gymnosarday. 52 ):\\4)-- sees einen ia 228
ALON A MROOSE ME baie -1= sevrelelslistoeiseitee tee eine see ett = 265
ANOS pee daocseaanaaseperonanssnaqekos dacoHaduauaeges 183
‘Abbie Sa saenpdusuetEESAetoss poseusedonoeastoosued 183

p 183

349

421

EMloxey-abL ER RUISS Wo ou apunGosedapsoneacoubaseccooe 424
Ehilshrsisi bo socbasdensascooospsocecosaousenedcone 423
caudolineatus......:------ SREB OTDSM Aa HRSDReeHs 423
COLONSHUS sepa t eee eee eee eer emetic 424
Ovo vencoagssasscasssdessoonebscsoedesds 422
glbbifronss ysis seat eda here sloe ae aemaeat ert 423

CadkeWiesaas asaacseoeseascddtosadtoneEeondadaeac 424
guttatus. 424
Marmoratusee sees eee BasHoEadsoboneéecdsG 424

AES nebeneccrononcsosbocasauacucaoenacoHeuea 425
periophthalmu sae ees ceesee cin ee vec eetict 422

saliens . 421

EGR S do gnabaddacnbeueouos counbSeaeeacagcoomedal 426

sebee.. - 426
Sag Hoc poabenodsodasspoosenes couSENaeeeoeS 423,
thalassinus. - 425
variolosus...- 424
altirostris, Scorpeenopsis- 376
Alluteraie!\-- 22-2. -ci-=i- 367
monoceros....-- 367
amabilis, Abudefduf.........-. 287
ZAIN BINISOS Boar rermtel lela lelelel=teieti-elsiio 364
SCOP AS Semeeteeeatseeieeeeceeeeece 365

PAG Dp assiclee mets ates aia se eee eee erase - (253
INE oc aopubcube sede ono pao sooeneboasecaTeoeuepoaaoe 253
PETS cscodastosocausseeancossoeossradegcessar 255

Ie So subaosedS Soadsodosnssorebossoneanpesbes 253
MAacracanthils eres ssser Cree eee ee eaee ae acarae 255

TLO D Siistanseee eee eee eleis aera eee tet 255
VALVASCOSISE Hey eeecis see eee eeseieceeeet 254

PMV ONE 58 on oases badoouosoanccouanososeosasedooo 378
EEN AN OUUS Meee eerste tcieteteisietseiete 378

WCE Els Gas GnosonamosdoesdopsaguucsauepES 378

INGO WA OROUDES) bs HoBamsepacpEobo ads anebonboadeensuaonadG 405
IMO co sscobcuauoosScucqoseebboasEes 406

DUBE soonauoobospudsecassuoDoabooLda 405

SOMICINCUUS toes nee ee ieeeeteitelerelsiersiere 405

yoabob cops opeeorucogaudosenddouucceomuand 406
amblyodonwichidna esses -in-piso einen itletee reise ln 204
PyenlyoneA hh WE IS ous sabnoosoosuRSoqecbearocecossoce 244
Wethrinusteeces ses poser eee eee ere 270
Pomacentrusseeceeseeeeee eee eee renee 281

INN eo casdanercoaqsecomodecoRtnosoases epbosbdosoncsooss 237
Phan oe codonas panos uaoeeeSoseSdsseacoScacs 244
PROMOTIONS Se oposeogodoceeucaoondeoesban=tanacson] 241
ULUCNSIS sete eee eee eer ee ae eater ee mere 244

(Hoye) Sto A SedossuEndoseaedkaonaodnodadedseoboscabes 245
Ce i oacpos cose osboagouaassendasnanobanaecad 239
GOTAVEER Wedcododeuenebodsusnsdobssobdsusnasoecsose 245
Garibdintt SonigasocndoacoppebuaSonbpaasebacosesaeoa 245
Creat hohe os scodsequoaacouoscansuceonaboosecee 239
CRON easels) SegaccconaopcenoassauHbeosdesseasuosseS 238
iilbreApl ais oHcodadacopsobos secneoandedacpansecrood 244

TOU KES pHOnesEoDcdAbucSosaabouedocsouESoasecoece " 238

MCCA aooDESaoeokandoGaouSpSeacooneUponSoeencaodes 244
GAIAM ay io den aoocannpocosaboEbeespnoaddaccoa 239

I UOROLU Ms osucosecseqooaqqaacesoousaocoESeoRnOOD 245

Page.
Amiarkoilomatod oneness see esereeeeriecmeecte cece tects 240
lateralis seseeer nae se ne eeser ree renee 246
leptacantha tae sexs es sneer seleciececisctscte erste 245
maculileras wants ease ecee ee ee eit een rtaceee 241
TMONESEM As eee Neel ae sae tata enicctictstciar cc 239
Mem ato Phora eesti eet sereece 245
Nigripinnise 232 seems sees sae de eee eieiteee eee 241
TOVEe- SUN See ee eemeccts sels eictteemreereistels eleeteiele ete 241
MYON CMO) on oaadasqkosasaccsnoec ononacasueGeS 242
OnbiCulanissaeecseseeeeeecceerceosenceecrace eter 239
PEE GIGS) S55 couopudescudapauEdupasDsoapedaacoooo 244
SAV AV enSISSseeeeeesee eee eee PogasDoseHecenosdonse 239
STUY. ORL ee cee ee ee eee Panne 237,
CeeNOD Lea ee re ee ee ete nt entctsets cee reeicise, 244
ibrimia cul atatediete cme sete n ttn etait 244
ZO S beTOPHONa at sae eseie esas nerlseetrs a tee ee 245
AMISSUS PMA Chia.S seme secre e ee reser eee rere eerie 414
"AIM PHeCeSk se eee sectors neeieletan eels ener cio cte cle cierto tele 296
Seographicustas eee er esee ease eee eee 296
Am phioxid @Sheeseeeee asst eee eee eset eeeciet 181
Delagi Cusp esas eee eee eee eee 181
-Amphiprion 278
278
279
bifasciatus....-- 279
chnysoptenispaesteeethe eee ee ceeeee 279
melanopus. - 278
papuensis. . 279
percula . - 279
perideraion - 279
polymnus. - 278
rosenbergi - 279
tricolor . . 279
xanthurus . 279
Amphiprionichthys -.....-- 380
unipinn 380
anabatoides, Abudefdut - 286
analis, Chromis...--.-- 292
Pomacentrus 281
Anampses...-.--.------------ 295
ceruleopunctatus - . 295,
ClUVierIeeeee eas 295
diadematus . 296
evermanni. . 296
fidjiensis - 296.
godeffroyi - 296
melanurus. . + _ 296
neogilinaicus. ..- ° 296
pterophthalmus.... 22-252 - 22 ---ce--- cen ~- 296
Amarchigs eee cm cree ee ee 204
allardice 204
knighti -- , 205
anchorago, Choerops mere ese ase sa aleetalae ee ainla tle ni 292)
INTANO\ A ia SeodescacccasaopsosonarecdeasanaddosoobecodéD 187
PNNI I S Lo oquosanwasaccooenessqocsososéanosco 187
enchra’sicoloid esmesesreerassaeer snertecieeeccict 188
Oya os oodaaascons ssoncondooosusecabecs 188
FN bA NPN E Nm noecnacicodaasadccerannpaeosabona 187
ecratchleyiteepeer see enaceeersaeeiem eto. 188
aneitense ih alassom asses eset tema eae eee iaee ene 307
ANELLENSISVANLICUS peers eee esses sersa eects eeess 423
IETS Sac onocssedde ne sadenb baer cacodnDobES 312
Anguillavaustralis:. 02 --scs-2- 25 - cisions =i == 192
si Gh pak oseesconocosaacusoHosobooppooeseDces 192
OM AULT Bees seit ets ielelers teria estate relate iatet= 192
IMCL ASTON Ale e meee viele ele olel=lolnelsfeteiereleleeieieiai=iel= 192
ODS CULE see rasets cee eeeesineioeiieteetsterrayictestarsl=tei= 192
Ovaheltensisseeesee jaca semteeelee teeter 192.

Anguilla sidat
anguillaris, Plotosus-.
Anguillide
angulosus, Canthidermis. -
annulatus, Acanthurus
ANOGOntOStOMD ees-eee ess = seen eee eee eee
LGVICeDS seen eae aeeia eee at ae ae

chacunda
Anomalopide.......----.-
Anomalops - .
palpebratus

PNNU AES STG BN eRe e en ee OEE RDAOSaSs aco dEOOaaan
ZAM TONNATIUS! - cose scien ene cian oe cece elec ae eo
Digibbussteecss-ccee ones eee ee ce eae

commersoni
dorehensis...

drombus. -

duescus....

hispidus
laysanius:ptietoso sees e ete aser een

leprosus

nexilis

nummiler . .-
rubrofuscus. ..
sandwichensis -- -
striatus
antennatus, Brachypterois
Anthias

cheirospilos
manadensis
Anticitharus

Antigonia........--

INARI Es Senaanccussoqdaacdnsteceasscnoacensoonacce
USI) (ie nasbemeo cae scHSecoaqbecodCSoEonceeaeaceonnas
microlepis-

antjerius, Abudefduf-...-.--
antreus, Hymenocephalus. .
AMY DELO OMe a seer ee saeco ae cone ese
leucogrammicus

INDICES Scaaccsdencodceasie ;q0enEbobecr ocnactacbanee
flavivultus sseses =e ee eese eae eae ee

furcatus

ADL CNSIS; 7A CHOW Beteeetastateals ee aaa ere tr
Apocryptodon
fasciatus
Apogonichthyide. .-.
Apogonichthys. ...--
ASOSUSM A eeeissae aes eee

MALMOLAUGUS seen aa ween ae eae ee

VTC LA GLS srepeete tenella teeta stare eae

apogonoides, Tetracentrum.
aporos, Ophiocara -

latifrons . --
microdon. -
virescens

AC ULLINUS RH eA GUS areata pe state ae a arerele latte ete aelaettes rte
IMENT Ee cco cioods cca sooUrenees socnossoseEbosscosontiag
BOON como saspnocdosssaagsscomacHaooeaadan
aratrum, Coelorhynchus.
arcatus, Paracirrhites-.
Archamia...........-

INDEX.

Page.
192
LOL
192
363
357
187
187
187
236
236
236
438
438
438
438
438
438
438
438
438
438
438
438
438
438
438
435
189
260
260
260
413
413
335
335
335
335
436
436
287
436
257
257
265
265
265
187
407
407
237
250
251
250
250
255
384
265
265
265
265
353
368
368
437
278
252
252
211

Iil

Page.

arcuatus; Holacantnus ee secs cee tase cciase= eae e eae 349
arenicola, Engyprosopon 412
arge, Upeneus............ 273
argentaria, Gazza 273
ergenteus; Cxesi0n= anaes seen ae eee eee mee eene 266
Hemiramphus......-.--. cdeosescosesccossa 207
Monodactylus sees ses = eee eee PRY

Mupili.ic 2): 2. 2252-23228 eee eee aan ae sone 217

Siganus. 360

Terapon. eae 266
argentimaculatus, Lutianus- 262
argus;pCephalopholishs---eeeenseseeee eee ee aee eee eee 258
Bphippus! 25 ses saeco eee ee aero eee eines 335

OI ZY LEAS VOTO DSe ase ae eciclas seca se see 252
OIZYVTCUM MY SLM d= mecsc a oe eeiee se ae eee eee 272,
AT EVI PNUS See see e ete 190
ephippiatus. - 190

argyromus, Myripristis. . ce ral
AXE Y LOPCLECUS Sorcerers cee esis one See eee coe 190
CP CS on bbagoebanponasenesceacccsenose 190

KATIOMNIN Heieisie se oat eae ceases en eee 235
235

235

278

364

232

Xenocephalus........ -. 434

AIMIFCL LACHYSUTUS erm sete = ela sa ae eeneee ie seme 191
ALOUDIENSIS; PAN Be ere fees esata selene ee etee eee 241
QTUANUS ED ASC yILUS sotareeateey= aeeseefatete 296
ASOTASL OCESE setae seem eek eases see eee eee 413
melanostichusee sss -sse = sneee ae 413

pellucidus= 5 -s2n eet oe eae 413

asper, Dasyscopelus. - 189
@Spro; wh yacich thy stern sea ee 415
A'ISLGLTOPLOLi Xam eeee snes ane nea Bo tabs
SOMIPUNCACUS eee ee ee 385

A'S TTONESUD GS Seen sete eee ee ee eee eee ee 190
NG eo gar baoseeccsascqcenenesondsaeesen 190

INGO) Kt Es soo scneorspneseccScucescecsooSdosoosacstce 436
Ateleopus....-.--..- 436
plicatellus. - 436

ater, Enchelyurus. -. 5 434
ALOLTLMUS wie CDA TUSt eee ericee eee ate Ee een eee eee 351
Ebymenoce ph a Seetee. mentee ee eee 436

INUOTCN TALE 5 she a5 osdicadonsaecoseeemnbe acesbecconsons 216
PASC GLI 8 ateterc sete a alelate eam ase ioe ela eioee eee eee eee 216
endrachtensisem-sss2- eo cee ence ere eeeee 216

LOTSKalic emis eee ee eee eee eee eee 216
insularum. 216
ISCUTLOS S/arcjasleret ae ae =i 216

DIRT E)S eck ceocnsseesons -- 216
Waigiensis....... Odidacotronckarassceactooedobe 216
fatherodonyOptonuruse ce -escess nee aaa ee eee 436,
JNUINGINNCE LS Ssedooe scan dsasuh as dsaanetnosecembcisenssos 207
igns eee see acer ee eee eee ae ae 207
atKinsOnl SAlaTias sees eae eee eee eee eee ee 428
atra, Lambertia. --- 191
Meeniurasee-ase 184
atramentatus, Hepatus:-.-.-...-.:2........ 352
atrangulatus, Gobiodon.................--- -- 409
AtTAvUS | Salari aseeete see eee aes ee simran eee: 431
atriceps, wunneapteryPlus=s-- sees s eee eee eee eee ee ee 416
atriclypeus; Gobionellusema.seccas -scneeccice seeimeee ess 407
abrisipnis Gy PSUUNOSe a. senene seca enema eee etee oe AO)
atrocingulatus, Pseudupeneus. 274
atrodorsalis, Petroscirtds...... C 433
ACY PICHUD YS site fee entatainicle ee aise eee aeeemee aecne cacece © 237

IV INDEX.
Page.
Attypichthys StTigabus, <2 .\. 3st == a) mete eleeteligieetetm sie i= 237 | bankanensis, Pomacentrus
IN GIG) Toe eaemicend aavedene tun sobBounauueudouconsdabosen 188 | bankieri, Abudefduf..........
JMUIGEKO GE Sesanoaseasabngcanunesnooacnabenosngaacoas 211) | barbarus; Periophthalmuss.ocsssco0 eee secon see ee
MAUIOSTOMLUS | oo) Unies). a2 See cea aease Use eo ee eee 211s | barbatus sOrectolobusteee ie eee eee ean
valentini . 211s barberityD endrochinuss-eeeeee ee eee eee eee
aurantius, Cephalopholis. 258 | barberinoides, Pseudupeneus.....................-----
aureovittatus, Lutianus. - 264 | barberinus, Pseudupeneus..............-...-.---.-----
aurifiamms, Mulloides:2ecec-cccesescciece-neeee eee sees 270) pbarieneELepatussssesee eee rae ease eee eee
auTigawChetodons.smecesmesee cee eec cere 339 | Bascanichthys ....-
auritus, Halichoeres 303 pinguis
Scarichthys iene ee ceee seen eee ee eee 312 | bataviensis, Callyodon
aurolineatus, Gnathodentex...-.........-...-.-.------ 269 Insidiator
Gethrinustestpescec is scene aes ae ete 270N\eBatrachoididee*eererceeerree Peer eee eeee ee tere eee eens
aurora, Pikea ee seee eases PAN) || loloeholl, Sera shyoOyen (Ns CoasorocooacoustAdocbocouasnooeacasac
australiensis, Hemiramphus. .. 2076 |\abehni-A\budelduiSssseee eee eeeee eee ae eee eee
australis, Anguilla.......-... Se del 92) |B Clones tsrre emer
Centropog ony ree eee eee aN ey 378 platyura
iH pinephelus 22s senses sees sae sea e eee sels 259 | Belonidze
abrichth ys eee 22s ns one sees 294: Bembradids sa. see sen se eee ee eee eee ee eee eee
Periophthalmodonia a... 2. secon oe ne 943! BempradiuMbscre sc. secee eee eee ee eE eee eee eee Cenc eee
SPATUS bo 5 522 tetera eee osseeoeete ee eeee 271 ROSEN SoS oaadedsessaascoNSGcSceacnDSace
05410 0.0 bs ae eae tea Seles oe eal ay Hears 228 | Bembrops i soe are cent ae sie ee eS EE EE Ce ees
thazard- 228 Hlifer a ssh sce eee eae epee
EM EXO sosedosces se 4045s bennettiy Callyodon tees: ee eenes-cseneeeet eee aeee eros
crassilabris. - a1 405 Canthigaster.- -
genivittatuss= shee) ssse snes ee eee eae Bees ad05} Cheetodon 222222. -esneaeeneee
PUAMEDSISe eee eee oe ee ee nae ieee 405s |berda;Spalus= seen see aeeeceeeeeee “
OCe aris slays 2ee ae Sateen oes cre eee dese see ce 405tberndtiy Gymno thorax see eee nese eee ee
Stam INeus foes oe each eee eee eee een 405 Myripristis!2< 2522 22 cote ee eee ee eee
@xillarisNChromisyeesee asses esac eee seen 292 Bolymixiaa ay acacee cae eae ee ee
Gobiodont.ocise eee ee eee he aaa A409: Berry Cid ee ky uqetaets Societe crc ie erate afc ere ere a es eartee
Lepidaplois. 293 | biaculeatus, Gasterotokeus..............-..-2.2....-.-
Stethojulis. - 297 IPTemng se sos ee notin wee ae ee oa
SAUKIMNUTUS eee nesses .- 358 | bicinctus, Amphiprion. -
thymnoidesteeresece oss ae ek oe eeeioe 358 | bicolor, Holacanthus......................---
Chgiby; Cees nos ontinncasanepoouonoescoaseeccnooseennc 303) {| bidens; Wutianus -- 2-5) cee nae aes eee ss
AZULCUS MP CLTOSCINLES eee pene anes eee eee eee 4320!) bifasciatussAmphipriones cece ssecne eee eee ee eee ee eee
ee Ol Gas secprap ec acoacsueandasascanseascko 271 Pomacentrussesea-mesene eee se eee eee
bahiensiswG@y psilurusms-eees seers se eeesceeecse eee 211 IP SCUGUPENEUS taeiee ees eee eee eee
bailloniwDrachinotuseessserease cease ence cece anes 2355) e Dig DbUS pANtENNATIUSee ee ceee es seem eee eee ers
baldwini, Hemipteronotus. 311 | bilineata, Scolopsis....-
balia, Scaridea..-...-- 313 | bimacula, Cirrhitoidea. -
balinensis, Callyodon. bo = 60) Abudefduf. -
‘Balistapus sys seer Seat oes he ee aeons aes 362 Cheilinussaas- cess eee cece eee
ACU A EUS teeta ta a eee eee ya eete ee ara eats ys 362 | binotatus, Holocentrus a
OlTE ee ys SEARS: ee Sa See 363, |( bipinnulatus) Mlagatis: 52.202. - tec .- sees seme ee sees
PAPUCN SISA ess eee taste ecee a assoos eet 363))|) Diseria tus; Salaviase ses yoeeeec ences tees ee
rectangulusee seer eee eeeC ee eee ee 363 | bishopi, Hepatus
hae GE eewsecnopesabedccospapaonsacsacses 363 Holacanthus.....--.
verrucosus. - 363 | bispinosum, Ulema......-
Balistes......- 361 | bispinosus, Holacanthus.-
bursa. .= 362 | biteniatus, Canthigaster- %
CADISETALUS eiyereere oer seek cites uee ies Chae | devon PGES. ese eet EeouEoeocdoueoEdescdoabedcconsoobneed
CASTANELIS ape NetEe ae Sete RAn Nn DENY nana 362 | Blennius.......-.- ice Aaa a ities SUR LOD a UE
chinySOptexus sep ee seseeeee eee aeteeeee eee tan 362 (CANESCENS Heese meee eeisseeeeeeee see eee
Havomarginatushes-neeccrcesereceecsacee ae 362 opgohtolb aA aRec onenanemadcanonnneadscustaccose
fuscolinea tus see sas a eee ee ee ee eee 362 (COMP ATIUS pepeteret rere ater te sre rape eee
NITION NO OanapseenpoosapSsosbecgacHeanabodacoooDeS 3625» blochi; | Cally odon a -tese= eee eeceeine each eee eee
niger... 362 | boa, Stomies........-...
nycteris. . 362 | boenack, Cephalopholis- .....:.222......22---22
vidua.... Bun rool bOhar, WUUTANUS Sec eesse eee n seca ee ees 2
Viridescens® 2 one cm sense ee eee nee 362 | bonhamensis, Lethrinus--.....-.-- ISEB ERASED Secs
‘Balistidss. -- 2 ois2s.3see cose nae oe sees 361) | MDOOPS Caran eer-eeeseee aa -rieeee aeeeeee eee ee ee eeree
allieul | Coriseasss-pesee eet ee eee tee eee ... 803 | boraborensis, Jordanicus ae
Sebastapistesscoacse oe seca e ae eee ee ae 370m | MDOLDOLUS, Cally odOne sere. ceee see see eee eee eee
Thalassoma. ..-- 3050 |mBostrychus2se sc.
bandanensis, Merinthe- -..- 374 sinensis. . - ey
Stethojulis O07m\ bowersi; Congrelluswesensteceincceeceeecoseeeeeene woes

INDEX.
Page.
bowersi7Gadomuse.c- see eee ease nee ee eee cee ee eee ASG) |Callechely sts secse soos c= ieee ee eee eee eee
BOWECrSlas.5- 2 2 Js oe one e e eon eenene ese eee eee 265 filaris
Violescen Soo-sea tenement eee nee eeeaaers 265 luteus
howiei; eolocentrisseeeccemsssssceee sae eee eee 226 | Callionymide
brachy pramm as hodeeeesrse nsec setae eee ee ZASh GE CallionymUs* seme seesncses ee ete
brachyptera, Remoropsis- 412 ceruleonotatus.
Brachypteroide@ ..- 189 calauropomus. ..
Brachypterois........-.-- - 4189 COOK so condo coin see cere aero eee eae
AN TeD Nats semeae esas se eer cine 189 Corallinus secs ssmee naam eee ee
brachypterus, Dendrochirus...........-...------------ 378 RUDLOVINCtUSE see se cere ee teen eee eee eeee
Parexocowtussent-ceae acceler ee see 2088 |MOalliurichthiyssssss-scensmececeecennceeccrteeaer resales:
BrachySOMOPis res eeeiec telesales ae ate etelel=te =a 195 ecoratiis ter niecss erence eee eee
erocodolinus 195 | japonicus...
henshawi. 195 simplicornis.
brachysomus, Calotomus......-- Se olon mCallyodonassece= seers se ee-
Synaphobranchus........------=------- 193 ADACUNUS 2 a2 ciate os Sade cases eee eet en cect esens
brachyUrus, Microphisers--eerseeceeten seeee sealer 214 aula eyes sas eee eee eee cers
Isat hea ConascoadonhosoapencocanheasousmoncuSsoocosc 235 balinensis
BT ANCHIOStOMId eee nee ais ele tee eee eee eee 181 bataviensis
brasiliensis, Isistius......... 183 bennetti.....
brenchlyi, Chcerops...-.------- 292 blochi.-.-
breviceps, Anodontostoma. 187 borborus. “
brevipinnis, Parexoccetus 208 Ibeighamieeterce aoe ee eee eens
Ibrevirostris, 4 CANtNUTUS ssa loses eee eens eee ee 357 IDrUnNCUS e272 oasac2s ened ee ote eee eee ene
previs; Exalliass 22.2) 2 eset cee scenic So eees coon ee 431 celebictsa. vcctc Soe ee sas ease eee Sen
brevispinis, Macoramphosus......-...---+----------+-- 212 eruentatus
brighami, Callyodon......-.......--.-- 322 eyanognathus
Rooseveltia =. 22) ee... a 265 eyanogrammus
IRM Mi domenconcadded 436 Gd Wsssceasscas5
HEP TEN ES ee ocoobeoahoocaneaaseosuondeoacse 436 dimidiatus.
pA Ta sein gcciscnadsonooconcansesaccusccod 436 dubius.....
IBTOCUNIG se see ee ee aay se aoe ste elem eee te 435 dussumieri
broussonetiwMupilsesesen cose tee eee eee ees ae 217 erythacus
prummeri>:Strophidontpss--=--—---e- 203 evy,throdonticnsstesesnars cee eee seo nena
brunneus, Callyodon........-.--.--..------- 318 fasciatusseecsccaacce coe c cose eee ee caene
bryani, Salarias...-. 430 ferdau..
bucculentus, Caranx. 232 festivus.
burragel,pMacnrouruSs n= serm ate elie alee =n ae === 437 filholi....
buroensis, Gymnothorax.........-..--.---------------- 199 TOLMOSUS sees lesions see lee oe aoe See Beene
bursa; Balistes:---o === aeee sense S SCE BEA DOCEGURSGHOAO 362 LOSTCLLE cee Sa ca ecteie dee ee ee ee
eI RENEE, ANTE em aencaqhcs socdasseacnogusduecDbed 244 POG N Saenachonocsasoracdasa-orsocsarmasosed
ITE sontitcanmdbeqecnsuccastiddcodececdondocsnacemcese 384 frontalisennss ose ota a soe Ae
butis 384 fumifrons
butiss Butise--ceo- 384 gilbentitwe-eaeceee
cacopsis, Scorpzenopsis 375 globiceps. Se
CHLUIAUTEUS, CLES Ojrs oles = lololals <i winnie neta sae = en eee aint 266 PO CTE Bem aaanasspnacocboroacocoraoasscencearc
ceruleolineatus, Lutianus................-.----------- 262 ey MNoOenathossecee ce eee seer ee seas
ceruleomaculata, Duymeria.....-.......--.---------- 293 jenkinsies.ss22 a. ve ose Jaece Sede ese access
WPAN Sadan anceabossousbecwosnyego 217 TONE ocicnadsee nn Buca mes erase hon sGCnasacisocS
ceruleonotatus, Callionymus. 415 jordani’s- a. soset eee teehee ate ee vee oteeceeene
eeruleopinnatus, Caranx....- 232 Ikellopplitvanence na teccersace cece ate Sees
ceruleopunctatus, Anampses. - = Phy Jabiosus.-
Mypinephelusen.accesecsncems ee acca 259 lacerta..
Searichthys=- <7 --2 2. ------ 2... -- 312 latax.
290
266
OVP MICHIE sb erosscosessacosossaccecbonassnopangaca 266
GET BRT Bo coccn cing ccooocoppacebesseesesesados » 6266
chrysozonus...- 266
erythrogaster. 266
Lunariss eee - 266
IDEN Saepee dod beoccicados Deepa ee een eee eeetsialete 266
CeesiUra ME TIM M Aeraaa sees «eee tee atte ee terre ste sen 391
calauropomus, Callionymus.........-.-..---..--.....-. 415 MINIGCUSEtacevcemcesesee st eee mt oem ene
calcarifer, Plectropomus............-....--- SacaacooSoS 255 INOCNSI ete seca t ee see eenebinter cineca eeepc =
caldwelli, Mugil..........- 5 217 moresbyensis
caledonica, Sauvagea. . - 420 mutabilis...-....
CaledOniCUah GODIUSmenmememice cre cisteciacied ste cisemiete cre oie 402 nuchipunctatus

INDEX.

VI
Page.
Callyodonlocellatus! ee... s- ccna sie cialis eee rlemerieiseite 322
OVICEPS especies sere setae eet ele atatatetatstete tet ey sreteretatel 321
(OWNS SeincachanoosoRsasdaseoososossesececoo 319
papuensis....-- 323
Pep Omer se ania 328
perspicillatus - 322
platod one eset useseceee er eeeeeecesesceciar 315
prasiogna thus pees see eseneeeecereraseee 328
DION USS ease see ee eee eee eeee EERE ieecereet= 326
Ipulchellussee eye meee ese aces eee eererocras 326
PULP UTCUS screen eee et eleanor ree aietel = 316
PyEchostethuseesceee sree eee sees eee eet 328
pyrrhurus.... 314
quoyi-.-- 322
roseiceps...- 322
TUDELrIMUSH. Mes eee eos eee eee ees 316
spilonotus 325
spilurus . 334
SDIMUS paces ee ee eee sya eer aeeeeteets 326
stronpylocephalustereceressso-cee-s ete 332
Cricolornse ee eee eee ama ee se 328
troscheli...... 331
ultramarinus. .. 332
upolensis..... 319
® zonatus. 325
zonularis aS 321
Calotomustemsescec se ccer cee een eee enet esas 313
brachysomustaeeeeeemen casero at eeene seine 313
dows 5 SooskuascocsouedouucsdsousasenUdG 313
GY Glbitihioon. 55s ceocconducooudepmenorerbonoca 313
ITTAadianS=sa-eeeeeee eee eee 313
moluccensistereeeeeeeeene ee 313
sandwichensis. . 313
SY Gerrit see eee me atin sealed cae ie etetecierere 313
Wal SICNSISH a etree cece Kenn Matepunre ae RIT testa 313
canale 1 Gnatholepiseraasecclatiscceecite tie <i ea eciel 395
canaliculatus | Siganus- see rseee reese serene si eeeee eee 360
cancellataocolopSiSser meee eeeuster ree eee see ee eacere 269
Cancilasmhylosurusmessert mcs seereee eee cle ctececiactt 207
canescens sBlennlusterseeeseee cetera cn oceee en 420
CANN DS S35 SaqupasnasdeocaqoauaEseoeTs 350
canina, Enchelynassa. 197
Snyderidia-.... 435
Cantheriness--ecee cere - 364
elbopunctatusmereseresecse eee cnecese ect 364
Eye EUS Ab aso eodogasondquoopbadnesbadacnne 364
fuliginosussseeeeesese eee eee eee 364
MISTICANS = see eee eee eee ce 364
punctulatussyse-mece cecil 364
Sandwichensishemeeecemee eee 364
Canthidermis...........-. 363
angulosus . 363
rotundatus. - 363
Canthigaster- tenet ncesarice te seen ee cee ee ce 371
benne ttierraseseeeeee eee em aeeCisys 373
SHEEN ars sanenoudsoconondatcooncspaos 372
caudofasciatusiyenptsesececreceeeerrcecs = 372
CiINGCUSH eee anes 373
COMPreSSUS)s-.-= = 373
epilamprus. . 373
jactatore. ssc ascece teen ae ea eee 372
APO AW Ss CospSonopacodaooDaS See ats ate 372
CMON KonanscnBapcsoncasacbooenossoos 373
PAPU Be ae eee se see eee eee aeee eee 372
Vuelta yo Sas pnoceoanababoncaceseoqeo0sdésa0 372
Solan rise ees aoe ee seca eer 371
cantori, Hemiramphus. SoG J PAnYy
cantopis; Ophiocanarcn coc citcecs cece esate eile aM Ooe

Page.

capistratus ub alisteseen essere ese eee eee ee 362
Caprodonis aides: sac ce eee ne ane eey: nese eee eee Babs PRO
schlegel ies aersee cence eee eee ee se 260
Caracanthidre er nsn secre sh sche rene ee eee hae ae eee 380
Caracanthus 380
maculatus. - 380

Carangidee . . 229
Caranx...... 230
affinis 232

Dip) Ge an Coe SoBEEECOTcecorenS 232
armatus 232

OOPS are sti ste eee ee eine eae Bee SE eee 232
ibucculentusctyes se seyret seiese ee aan eee 232
ceeruleopinnatustescese cee neet eee see ree eeeee 232
cheiliopesereses 232
cheventijnersecere eestor 232

CHEE) Gencscenacdoscasceorse 231
edentiwlusii.tesere cere aeesee reese ceee eee 232

GIEKry eraansaoboesaacoudessbbeanbscstoucsunoses 231
forsterite: «oc tees. coco eee nee eens eee 230
gilbertitssa-cceeocese sec oe pee eee 234
gymnostethoides 232
hasselti - 232
helvolus .. Sey232
Lomobilise sae ces see ere eee aaa 231
Elo eoasessuanacascosoasncoaousedeouodus 232
lugubrisi): o2c2 ccc ose sere ee eee oe eee eee 230
maendibulariseesescecee esse eeeree eee ae neeiey eeod
MArgingtUsescee eee see a seas nee ee se eeeeee 231
melampygusyea- asec eee eae eee 230
moresbyensis - - 232
novee-guinee - - a PRY
oblongus..... at <2Ry3
Obtusiceps ata. oe ae tcc tee setae eee 232
PEMA Socennsgoasoounsdosenabancopopasceaacs 232

PALASI GUS) Sooo e ci steeeeesaseuinese eee 232
Dlatessas josey tee gC chepeiny seen ee pole 232
plumbeus - - 233
regularis ....- = 232
sexfasciatus . col
SPECLOSUSER Als seat scertetoc cece ene cere eee 232
thompson aase centre hence mete nee 230
Carchariash esa: ofe ecbsbassgeesaat ee eee ee aeeeee 182
inSulamuim Bee ee ete se tee ee eee eae eres ee 182

Lol) Wa aH Mune ne ade noted aa sce Bae aGaeOuS 182
melanopterus. ...-..-.-.-.------2-----02+-- 182

nesiotes 182

phorecys 182
pleuroteenia -- a Ey

sorrahteece == 182

carcharias, Carcharias . 5 | AGS}
@archariid eye cc ee esses soe ce ane eetee eee eee 182
Carcharodonjans- seco accesses eee ee eeceacce cere eee 183
Carcharias an. % sas sNeeecestonn cee Seer 183

eardinalis, Kelloggella ~ 409
carneoflavus, Intistius 312
Carneus Miynipristisiny-eeemesceeeee cece 222
carolinensis, Rhizoiketicus. 435
carolinusii@alotomuspeecteeeee sees eee nee eee eee aee 313
castaneus} Balistesmssese cee see eee eee eee eee 362
CAaSLULI SO LeLhOjUNSmee creates eee eessceer esate see 296
(CEI aa 5s coca scanscdcansecons sanaasaousDeopasaccDS 181
RoI 6 ooscasskooen (SsouosSbosscospopeocse 181
Ccandalisbutianus) ree eee ene cease cerns 263
caudatus, Epigonichthys.. - 181
Microphis. ..-- 214
caudavittatus, Terapon . 266,
caudimacula, Coris....... 303

caudimaculatus, Holocentrus............--------------

caudofase!

caudolineatus, Alticus.........

caudovitt

iatus, Canthigaster - -

ata eHeunliaye thao ececee poe ae maee ce: tee

Caulolepis: 2.0. sacha -scnas oe cess- sores sete cece

celebicus,

centiquad
Centriscid

longidensti--cn- seca otcise coe teem eee
Callyodonhs cess. sates ane eee Lea eeeos
Fhepaitusyeyaee-eine =e
rus, Halichceres
(ede casaensanced

Centriscus' nics 5. fe he one ec cs cocoon eee nee cease

Centrogenys........

choerocephaluse-seseeeeeeoeeeece eee
gracilicaudus .

waigiensis -

Centropoponit= a. : ecece<|- samceaepmeee eee enen cceneneale

Centrosey

EV ETTEN IG GossoopesbbooaocbodRacacoadbonos
MUM nse ceo es Se asses sacar eee
ruscosum

centurio; opllotichthy sheers seceaeeee ee eee ee seer
GCephalacanthidse: 3: 9-22 -se--- eae one emeeeeneeeeeee

Cephalacanthus............

orientalis...

Cephalopholis.....-........
CUTaICTS p ccascoeresebcoctosauciccateecnoae
BUCA CUS Stee secrete eee oe eae
IYO TENO kee oebecoboreeerbonSaapaccsodcsscd
leopardussfe- 2s: -- aac se ee cece eee
miniatus ......
sexmaculatus ...
sonnerati - ...- Bp
Wits Ub Sar ereaoscnapcenooreceraccecssaan
cephalus Mug) eee ere ese eee cee eae teat eae
ceramensis;|Cheilinus/j22--2 22s -se eee == eee eee
(Gobiodonseease = sen scene eee eens
cerasina, Pseudojulis...........-.
cerasinus, Enneapterygius.......
Geratiid aye sete em ese
chacunda, Anodontostoma. .

Cheenogobius

Cheenomupil Ber rer rene case seeseeeieeeee eer eeeetcl

Cheetodermis.........--..--

Cheetodon

Giph lla coenods Sebdecrnerucoscadcdasaceooe
TPH ee Sooadoerosuriade osobearasaccudecs

penicilligerus . -
OWETT TS oe oe cagnoc coo eoriqrasopraaceasesaoass
bennetti
CUE Wc cacorsAsoocsicornnonadspsasnenscas
Ccorallicol ae eees ee eee eee eee
dixoni
ephippium ...
flavirostris.
fremblii ....
kleini -.--

MICIANNO CUS Eso clae mice mee ee
TESS 5 gecosnacasceonecojauScocect:
miliaris... ...
ornatissimus.
pelewensis. - . =3
Dlebel Us tases area eee eee cee eaaes
punctatofasciatus.........--- Basaboamaesose
quadrimaculatus: <<. 2. oso e ee ce cne

INDEX. VIL
Page Page.
2235) ¢Cheetodontrafllesise. erate seer ewerie eerste eens 339
372 reticulatus. . 341
423 semeion....- 343
255 Sotifers-a--eea ae eee eeere eeer eens 338
219 SPCCUI UI repeats pee eee 345
219 CLICH LOUS See ae eta pants eee eee teeta 342
330 itrifasciatusse- 22 =.- => eee ene 344
352 ulietensis....- 340
300 unimaculatus. 342
212 vagabundus. . - 339
212 > CANINE ceaceseccnconpoccnar occas Semacdee 339
212 | cheetodonoides, Plectorhynchus-............--......-- 267
1890) MCheetod on tid 9 sites esa tee Scale sens = een ee 336
L8ON | Cheetop bers errr weet miele siatsieiarat retest ie enter 265
189 dubius... 265
256 | chalazius, Gymnothorax 200
256) |Chalinura sees cniee se 436
378 CLCDOME] ES esate ha ate sent neta feta tae 436
Son Chalybeus mers ponent es see eee sree see ee bes a 266
183i) §Champsod on seesaw eee eae eee ee eee eee aye 414
183 fim Dri abuse mana meee eee 414
268 vorax.... 414
381 | Champsodontide. - 414
381 | Chanide.....-..-. 186
381 | Chanos...... | SBA EE SOE CEES ODeC SUB AOS SS Ss oe seseocs 186
257 Chan OS assent eee nese cee eee 186
258i) eChanos OHaNOSsesarer sesso ssa see eee eee eee eee 186
258) chap talij Gh enomupils soe eens ae eae ee 218
258 | Chascanopsetta..-..-..-- 413
258 prorigera. 413
OHS |) (WENNER Se codendccoocets - 487,
258 437
258 | Cheilinus 308
258 310
217 309
309 digrammus........- 309
409 hexagonatus.... 308
303 kittlitziseee == 310
419 nigropinnatus- 310
437 oxycephalus. .- = SLO)
187 OXY.TDY.NCHUS Sesaratarslalata =tatata hae aie 310
404 Mulchellus tases mers see eee eee eel acneirs 308
404 nO WE RS coopeeecusasseeesccessesabhoos sononcbe 310
218 MO coccomcadoananesnonsacospaboantiad 308
218 undulatus... 309
218 unifasciatus. . 309
S05). Chelliog sae seme cet -eteteei= 304
365 Tt ceases coogboaavodoccosaSnas -sagacesicia 304
CRY | Gato (Ch Eh bcos ooopcpasceucnecncecdssoacebnosseosanso5 232
339))|) Cheilode@etylus tree misctetn nec i client = sos At
345 vittatus 27.
344 | cheirospilos, Anthias. - 260
345 | cheverti, Caranx. 232
341 | chilensis, Sarda. - 298
343 | Chilomycterus 373
341 Soacs 373
346 | Chimera purpurascens...........-...2......-.......-- 185
GYR |) (eatinGa 6 Esp Ss oa oooscbreoasSoonS soos OD -eaSoonsetsdCt-is 185
340 | chinensis, Monacanthus. . 365
340 | Chirocentridw.......- 185
341 | Chirocentrus.....-- 185
341 CO De saqecancastosscoss 185
o44uiie CHI rolophivis sees en aa asic ane a etarein iain = 437
345 MOSElCY Leas lene cs an mec see eaee ee 437
BET) || On Chak GEE oe snes ee ccosccocedoadococeacacccosécschAcc 394
345 CObtCODS Seaton cine neem a= ets 394
343 JP CEE Se peaosaooeroaccouasesso -easenensecs 394
G2, || (OME ETE oo d5 cao consiogsdsodsceorcontdcacssscossasces 195

VIIl
Page.
Chievastes|colubrinus #22 ve. scsi -eeeceeeeeeer eet 195
JaASCIA LUSH tt- so cee eee recreate etameeerr =) 195
chloreus, Dendrochirus ........------------------++----- 379
chlorocephalus, Epinephelus......-.------------------- 259
Chlorophthalmus...:...--2------22- 2-2-2 -e2c2 ===" ~~~ 188
DLOLIdenSe ese eee eee eee eee eres 188
chloropterus, Halichoeres Ser. a ees eriserrete esate ole 303
Chlorospilus, Platophrys so ---~ cme s nro ele 412
chloruxus,ohalliurus = seeeescicee steerer eee eccr eee 310
chcerocephalus, Centrobranchus.- 189
Choeropsetypesseeere cee 292
anchorago. oe. PRPS
ibrenchlyiSseaceeer cence se eeeeeecereee es 292
CYAN OGUS Sse erie ciel electorate reeemeen a= 293
Gy S so nacccocnoneseoonanecesessosseg 292
ChorististiumSeecess-cereecerce cree eeee eee ee eee 256
SUSUTO eens eee aseciiee eerie 256
@hrionem aero ase ese te ieee eteteterteertoei-t 414
chryseres---- 414
squamiceps. 414
Chromis 290
292
292
CeeruUleUS ayaa eeepc toaisiseiscies cleleeeeciee ate 290
Gimidiatushetessessecee eee rece eacc ese 292
EN Ws sa s6necosssossooatososcopasnayebeecdo 292
iomelas 292
OvalliSemees ees 292
chryseres, Chrionema. . . 414
Myripristis...-.. so) Peal
chryserydros, Pseudupeneus..-................-.------ £75
chrysonemus, Pseudupeneus......-.-.-......-.-.-.---- 275
chrysopterus, Amphipriomi jj s\ecterjecielateielal-rejeieeisie == 279
IBallistesrepermastceriseeceiiee ee ecinc crete 362
chrysorhynchus, Diaphus...........-.--.-------------- 189
chrysotenia,seHaren gular. reecee se eee ccse eee ecisce 187
WUbIANUS Sasser eens reeset ee see ae 264
chrysostomus, Lethrinus........-- 270
chrysozonus, Cesio. - - -- 266
Scomber. - 228
ciliaris, Alectis.......... 235
Ciliata;ySCOLOPSIS Seep erste rer tele erete tate te lele lteter creel soa VARS)
SHUN %0)- 6 esGas BasaonacdSeneserosscoasencopaecHoS 277
cinctussiCanthigastersrytejetcereleri-ileer alicia cli = els 373
PAT ACINTM CCS yaarar ce perstoseteletara tase lelotae atte er=s=i= pas (eS
cinereus, Murzenesox....-.-. 193
cingulum, Coris.....--------- 303
circumspectus, Rhinogobius. - 400
Cirrhilabrus. - 308
‘OMe Sep oconqnodsuceosaccnoceas 308
Ssolorensiseeeemepe nce cise cceteeisei eset eile 308
Cirrhitidae ge sseceeeeee ete eee eee eee eee eee rere 278
irrhitoide ates septate atte eleleiete ele ele iaiela= lari 278
bimaculamasteent-e- see cesar eats 278
Cirrhitus....-.------ bosacsadaaee! 278
marmoratus......-.--- 278
oxycephalus. . 278
cirrhosa, Scorpezenopsis - 375
citrinellus, Tzenianotus. -- 9378
Cheetod onic en ceece == seer eee eer 344
eitrinus;sHboplichthysaasec- eee heer ee eeeee soo ee eres 380
Pseudogobiod one epee seem a see eee siete 410
clara, Hetereleotris ss. -2 -:<--2-- 22-2 esmececinccie ee eee 392
clarescens, Vitraria-=......-.------ 406
@lupeid se eee eee seer seesseee eee 185
Cnidoglamise jee cs eects cri 19!
macrocephalussse mes ce qocterite eee eels 191
cobrayjleiuranus ee ses. suse oe as sere eeiae seeeeene 194

ceelestinus, Abudefduf
C@oelorhynchus#eeeececeea- eee eee
aratrum Bo

Ory Ssus! ase ase sae ee eee ee

gladius.

Colly buss reese see eels eco oa eee ees ee eae
drachme......

Colocopus.......

lambdurus...
coloratus, Sebastapistes.

colubrinus, Chlevastes
commersoni}Antennaritiseseteesceeneesiaseee serene eee
Harengula/ssia. nse se sss ee ee eee ees
Hemiramphusporees seater erence necro
SCOmberomoLcuseee ease eeese see eeeee ees
CompressaWiZaimetetl-e ence cece eeeeeC eee eee tee

compressus, Canthigaster-
concatenatus, Siganus-
concavifrons, Gobius. -

concolor, Lentipes... -
Nebrius.....

Wie NBA, AWE a soso cdcoraocedobusasoocaconde
Congrellustese seers eee cies eich ee eee ene eee
eequoreus...

bowersi.. --
fijiensis....

guttulatus

neo-guinaicus Sie

Congrogadide . .

Congrogadus........-.- Soc
Mareinatus= se cess eee eee eee
subducens ase esse -tes een eeeeees

coniorta ;sSebastapistes-aeceeeees cree een eee seas eeee

Gooklif-Am i ayaseaaectsctincee cence ae eee eiteece eee eiaee

Callionym
Scorpena

copei, Hemipteronotus-
corallicola, Cheetodon.- .

UWS reyes.

Epinephelus. - - pS
Sebastapisteseeppreecrerte smc ceeetee-eee ee
ecorallinussCallionymuSs 2 -2s---s--e ee nseee nee eee eee
Rhino gobiusseseeee sees eee eee eee

Sama
Sigan
cordyla, Megalas
Corica,

Eiifatlbyar osadeopcosasSadqsosususcossauasouSSoCCRS

riscus
WUSEeeye

i AoancrepeecdcodansdsaAsasnapodesadas

ball lieulgseeeeeemets-peeecraseccticeotereisiaseceee tet
caudimacula .. -
Ghypibbit soo osssdcos cdot hoaop bosons sabecngosoniS
CHEER genesassonbndssposean secobosonbscnEcSoande

multicolor
papuensis -
rosea ...--
variegata

NGM Soe So apononascconsaouecdoccouseobancscnodo
cornuta, Lactoria...--
coromandelicus) whylosurus= n-nonane les
coronatus, Alticus...-
Cony phen Qeccrcsscc sere seem ciceer ee erae eee

equisetis .

hippurus..

Coryphenide. -
Corythroichthys

mataafe......... pogboosstogbocgoodsa
sealei

Corythroichthysitrachypoma@:----.----.-.:.---2-------
Waltel:): sess. 22452 ee nen ease ees ee
cotticepsnChlamydesterems: -oee eae e recta seas
erassiceps, Amia......
Mapo....
crassilabris, Awaous on
Buelatichthy ster crissse eee eee eee
FLemipiImMeloduSs =e see eta eae ete
IPseudupeneusSterescie sees aes
crassispinus, Huelatichthys=.-:.-..:-----2-s-<-----<-e-
crenilabisy QUerIMan dene eeeeeen eter seer eae sesseta
CrepidogasterSec= case seen eee cee ences sec eee toes.
lineatus -

Cristiceps: =. .--.-:--
roseus
erocodolinus, Brachysomophis..-..........--.---------
eruentatusy Callyodoneeescs-s= sens pee cee eee eee eee
Priacanthustescmassse cess eee seei ce
cCriumenalisssrelecanichthySiessrsere secre eeeececer eet
erumenophthalma, Trachurops. -
Cryptocentrus’e-s---
leucostictus .
(Chime Eh einosendascocasenonqnendondgenasnaatodoaccss
BUREN Sacdorstidocabdconcodeenoceaooucte
ctenomelas® Chalimunaiem rae eects emesis a-raiete
Cubiceps mayan ae eae el eeta ele an celee alere see eee
PAUCITAG AGUS Aoeeseeere see eee eee ee eer
curacao A Dudeld Wives see eeee eee eee eee ee eee eee
cuvieri, Anampses. .

eyanodus, Chcerops. A
cyanea) COLISS Ee pacieea tere ee en eee se serrate
cyanogaster, uth alassomasscn mate mainctel- siete alma
cyanopnathuss Cally od one eae ce eee ese ano aaes
cyanogrammus; Callyodontesscq-essa eee eee eee ene
eyanomus, Pomacentrus
eyanopterus, Solenostomus. .
cyanostolus, Cheerops....
eyanotenia, Labrichthys.
eyclostomus, Pseudupeneus i
Cy clothone Seesccseeet ease ae oe eam aeeee tae

eyclurds;| Calotomuseer ee see nee ee eran
(CHPNO WN ood o ackopoonoadboorsrnesdbocerobucoscobsancns
leclusei -
eypho, Callyodon
eyprinoides, Megalops.
Cy psilunus eseeee san tae aiae ee eee eee eee
arcticeps S
atrisignis 2s sscscen- seen eee eee ee
ba ienSiS Bases seme ae eee ee er
FN Atle cop anosmmaaaqesscosccoseTSnCaSeSRO
KkatOD tron eerrt awe se tae eee ese aan acer
lamellifer...-
longibarba. -
naresi...-.
oligolepissincssnce eee eee eee eee cee
Moeciloplegusbe espe eee eee eee ee
quindecimradiatust == -eeeeeee set eeee eee

solandri. - .
speculiger. .
unicolor.. .
Cyttomimus

Stel Piss )sj meses ese sere eae eaten
deedalmaysH alichoores Seamer rere eeee renee eee ena
eemeline pinephelusm seer sae oes e eee aces
IDEN Wisp cconcs saomas anno dasosecoosobbueTarmoenonosedc

INDEX.

Page.
2140 (eDalophisilongipinniss=s-seessees= ee —e= ees neem nee
212 misolensistees=-ee==s—— eee +
SOA iDascyllussess]-seeee ee eee eee ee eee
239 albisella. - -
403 aruanus..-
405 melanurus.
268 TehiCulatuseace esses eee eee eee eee
191 rims Culatus eee see eae eee ener
275 ENO ERA ecco es ccab odo ssonseconesSe6
268m CL ASSODS CATO Nee ee ea eee an

* 218 | Dasyatide...- 2

AZ4s ED aS yStis = enter
434
420
420
195 Ooo gamqsatuReAanecosS So 5sssnosseousedsced
322 Ud ee) Has sea gescdsioaseedatopececosccoden
2615 |adasypogonOrectolobuss-e-e-(ecmee risa ble= sleet
Alsm lm SSYSCOPCLUS heer meee eee een eee eae eee
230 aspereces
406 pristilepis -
406 spinosus...
S50 NAGA yiowklemipim clogs shee ea iaistclereataeiaieter tae ioe alent
GOT MOSDILIS WAM GICIU EUS rege er = wie eye le mrenems ele eles lereletoreietatete terete terete
A360 DCC DLOTUS seperate cetamcisiate tn telalaatsteleleta steiniefee taste tana atapac eter
235 lund initsececeeeessce tae eee eee eer eeee
235 pinnulatus. .-
285 | decoratus, Calliurichthys- -
295 | delicatula, Echidna....-.--
304 | delicatulus, Stolephorus......................---------
2930 ndeltoidesGuatholepisier sees sees eeee eee teen
303 | Dendrochirus.......- MPendteosaceEss -oponcHsenwaSHabOsS
305 banberiiers ss cece cee eee eee ae rose
334 rach ypPtexcus eaters ete setae tees
330 ChloreuS eemaeen ee ece seen a eee
27 sausaulele-
212 zebra...-
292 | dentatus, Sebastapistes. ..-
294 | denticulatus, Metopomycter..........-..-.-...--------
275 | depauperatus, Hemiramphus...............-...-....--
190 | detactus, Gymnothorax .............-..-.......-.-----
Te) |) GOs, Itoh eye oes oge~ soca pdemcuon Jeoesnoccaasos
313) diacanthus, ELolacanthustejojece ojenj=ocinele ele tee eae
312) | diadema, Holocentrusi-<-) << c=. ce- ce ete acim =
312 | diadematus, Anampses...-
331 | diagramma, Plectorhynchus.
185 | diaphana, Sternoptyx....-
B.0)"]| JOVEN DER Se ae co sco soos sho neeESSbenoe momcnonsbScadabde
211 ACENOMUS Sees ee rear ete eee ance eateries
210 chrysorhynchus-.......... tiosece csaeaa een cele
211 GO] DUS eee eee tee a te ee ee ea
2009 Db ranchuis team arseseiee ese ste ata eoremsiote etal tate epee
211 CAA ep os StcqscecSssunEcSoasencashee
210 stellulatus. ..
211 | dicholepis, Zebrias. -
211 | dicki, Abudefduf..-.
ZL ile |G lCTICNSIS; sMATCE NAVI epee ee eee ieet eee eee
210' || digrammus, Cheilinus.------- eee ee 0
210) ||adimidiatus: Callyodons-aac-cu-e-seeeeee cee se es eee
211 GChromiSsrtnesseeasec ae sence sect eee ee
211 abroides seer cco oee ss seclsnee ns ce ere
2098 eDinematichthys-meesemecctes ee ceesetee ese caeee ee
209 iluocceteoides
227A DLO ON emer eee a eteete
227, holacanthus 30
301 WALSHE. <3 po cicnn so nod .cpcdoeabodoUSbotcoseCE deren
259 nudifrons........ SOO SEC ERAIOSE AS Ca BSS SA COOauBE
LARS Diod ontidsessemeteemse ere nee seem eet ee see

x

Diplophos..........--.--------22-222 eee c eee eee

pacificus.....-...0 2-2-2. eee ese eee ees
DD ISCOD ELIS: sa ,-)Sieinie -12 ain tnl= alatatate ste etetal at rales feta] atapntnlalaf=T=teratetaa/a

marginipinnis. -/.\:: 222/22): f3522 425-5. ------
dispar, Zenarchopterus.....---.------+----------++----
distigma, Eviota......-:-------------++--++---+22ee22++
dixoni, Chsetodone ects ees eee eee se et eter erlaln toll
doliatus, Siganus...:.2ssss2ss/2s4---5-2---22s23-------
dorab, Chirocentruss\? 7-72 22 ss sss tesa tects ae es
doreensis, Hepatus..-... 2222: s2ssss5-\s2----5-2--=-5:
dorehensis, Antennarius. ...5:::2:::::2:-----:-++-+-+--
Dorosomatids. |. 22-222 sss s22sssss sss sass sess sese- ss =
dorsale \Thalassomalenassce = cree ese ee tee
doryssa, Ammigajs Seems emma senc sac asters coisas allan
doryssus, Coelorhynchus
drachme, Collybust - --32--==22-2=s2 <2 -----s <n <i
draco, Mobul ae - es foe esac sacs se Gani Selstyeinie iain [>=
Draconetta. - -

filamentoOsusserereies sas see ce tae ee se teerlltt=

HULHD NESS oo poneoomnpamacanscsbescecusassercdse

drombus, Antennarius........-..-.--------------------
Gubius; Callyod on rie -risleeeeeseies aaieeleeat=t- ial lala)
Cheetopterus. .

Opsanus. . -
ductor, Naucrates...-
duescus, Antennarius-
duperreyi, Thalassoma.
dussumieri, Callyodon

Hepatus..---
Leiognathus-
Dussumieria.....----.----

Doh wap 6 odomsoonboneds
ceruleomaculata.
nematoptera..----.----

Echeneidide........-.---.--------

IcheneiSeaeeee ee eee eee ee risce eee eee

echidna se seee ee eee ret erisee sree e recs
famiblyod onmansseee ere aaesecl=
delicatulaeereeer ernest sect cae
ISIN a Soadaasasossesbsasaceaueoane
ball onan uoaton be casasosncouoRaaEcmascon
obscura
polyzona
HOPS no sadosuadstoansoccopusdacmesSedaDaae
Watel eo oubobuadasaocosebasuaaduodesecepodsdecer
EROSSU] dase eee eee eee eee eteereleieittetlsiat=
UNI LOTIMIS See estrone ee ee ee ee etree es cea
PD due unnadesouosasoR cess aucacdacesaEesaanG
LOEH isadanaeocancedocussaRosancscbossdseasene
wi zonoph ease eee eee eerie eee settle
echinocephalus, Paragobiodon-.-.-.-..----------------
eclancheri, Hemiramphus....-.-....-------------------

edentulus Caran xaeme.sscce ren see eee ee ee eerie
Meio ma thus sa se yer terres estate eee aeltta tal =r)
SalarigsSpese see ase eee eeter= eletettcrat
ehrenbergi, utianus. oct). ece eres ee ite
elacate Caranxentencete tee ee eee s ee nee ee eee eerie
1 Ge2 ul eere ase opecaccoce acs Seseseeodccancuedscoccs pain

INDEX.

Page.

elegans iGobiusiecyac sete eee ence ere eee E ee een nace 402
Microsicy dium emcees e res cece eee eee eee 411
(Ble Ot rises) vanes e oe eee eee ee eee 383
LUSCA A ee oe oat sia ee eee eee eee reece 383
Ssandwichensisssecceeecee seceee eee ee meee 383
elongatum)\Gonostomansess -sesetersee nee ene eee 190
elongatus; clepatu Semmes sen ae ates se eee eaten le teerayecte 352
IPetroscintes ese cee emece ee eee eee eee 433

BlOpid ese ae sae eecee eee ee nee ee renee Cate nee 185
lOpsias ee ase Gas ee ee cen ee oan Seen ee sere aeeee 185
SQ ULUS cece seer ce eee ee eee reesei ticasteee 185
emanowsAbudelduiecrs set arteries eet ate te esata 286,
Hmmydrichthysh--ssese see eee eee soot eee ae eeeee 380
VICE Rie Snoaasunasosozasosnabntoes 380

Enchelymassa csi dooce een eee a ee eee tee 197
Caninases me eceee eee eee ee eiee eet 197

Hnchel yuUruss st. see eee cee eae ee eee eee 434
434

i88

endrachtensis; Aitherinase asec see 2+ == se seeeecleceleeni= 216
ONS T AUG ee ae ie 2 ee een alten eer eee eee ear 187
eng yCerosheristedi Oneeessr emetic eect ecsrer eee 381
ENE YPLOSOPON Sze. asset ees ee eee seen CE ee eee 412
Eset ia) Soqeosarcnosqansbabtaosesaoas 412

hawalilensise amen -sesee eee esac ee ee 412
Jonneaptenyeiusie-eee see eee ee rece eae eee eens 416
ETICE DS Seer ree eeeeeeaeeoeercincee rene 416

CETaSinUShe eee ase e ee eecieme etc 419

hemimelaisaeeee sate eect eeeene 416

hud Soni eee see aes ee eee eee 419
Minutussesescseeeeees Rae BAe emi 416

Dard ochinesessseesso see eee eee sees 417

busitalastpeeieae ee reece eon eee 416

Ubi ee eee epqe eee etitseteie nace 418

ensiformis, Nematobrotula...............-..--.--.-.-: 436
eos, -Antigoniaes a: 2csssecececacee eee en cee onteeees 335
Stethopristiseeessesse eee see eee errr sneer ee 227,
ephippiatus, Argyrlpmus ses... jee rielie einer eee clei 190
IE phippid sees eee ea See eee sieeterateeteale ele are 335
ephippium, Chaetodon 343
Ephippus.......--- 335
Ehybisacgsoeues 335
multifasciatus - 335

Epibulus)) 325-3... 294
insidiator. . 294
Epigonichthys.........-- 181
caudatus. - 181

epilamprus, Canthigaster- 373
Epinephelusi2e oes eee 258
albopunctatus. 260
QUStraliSHeereerer 259
ceeruleopunctatus - 259
chlorocephalus...-.---- 259
corallicolaseas-eee eee 259
daemeliigaves see ceeree 259
fasclatuseereesesseee eee 259
fuscoguttatus........-- 259
eoldicifaesseeceee eer eee 260
macrocephalus........-.- 259

maculatus: --.-.5-22-..- 259
maenificuseeseseee= 260
mepachinesen ssa s eer 259

IMCL Ames eerie eer 258
pachycentron. ..- 259
quernus.....-..-- 259
sexfasciatus.....- 259
socialis.....-. 259

SDini perseeasee seem meee eet 259

Page Page.
Hpinephelusistellans ecameseeeestessetee cesses eee 2054 |MEVULTUS PEYCCLIS sete sateen oem neice eee ae mers =
summana. PAY || lop STG SA aeec oSocooaeaooSce oS acasendocsadaaccgadones
tauvina... 259 OC de essnasonenooscnsosuSScesqosacsssoessaqse
undulosus 2597) | iE xXoccetid 22s -ci- eee = ac ae see eee eee ee emer
epi PNAaNnes; Ei VIOLA eee ete este seen aoe ee cee eciee 886%) MS XOCOREUS Ss cmc eset aerate aise Cer aera aii meena eee
equisetiss Cory pheenaereseci- oes aclasa- cee eee eee ee 235 VOlitanse: seen ees eee eee een oneness
JORDI aaRapocercécanaanaoucd onoasandos cacsanec cacadoncS PARI N) Cxdepiteg atin Wit donocpauseecnsodesccocacece sobenaSenps
insidiator. ..- QUE LXV TLAS = eertteme eee =
-equula, Leiognathus. . - 273 puntangoides. .
equulzformis, Gazza. - - 273 | eydouxi, Julis.......-. :
MB Quulidess, rs. ceeeccaccscerin’ oe letacscse sesens eee 272ml faiselimanturaeeerre eesescecrcrcne ttre: eee eee ee eeee
Rercodes;| GVMNOthOra Nese ees os sean see nee seaerel= 202))|"arcimen;; Gobiopteruseaa- asec ose a nee ae cleie ee eelace= al
eritima,arvh ing@imiUyrsen aes e sees eee eee 196 || fasciatus, Apocryptodon- 42. se..-- = 12s ese =e
ery thacus; Callyod On eeem eles clets yelefaieistelsini-teietetesisieteatetot= 318 Calllyod onetime iteiataia laisse ieee ise tetateas
erythrzeus, Holocentrus... 224 Chlevastes....
Ichthyocampus. . 215 Epinephelus. .
erythracanthus, Lethrinus. . 270) Leiognathus. . 5
ry thrichthysteerscs. ences eee eee eee ea 266 Salariastemecceress- ese ance eee eee
schlegelisss a) see ose serene eee tees 260m etasciola. (disCan CHU SS seers e eset ce eee ert
GaAs Als oaaneaconornaasuaracoancescanasacasas 245 | favagineus, Gymnothorax.....-..-.-...--------------
OLVLOTINUS wD) | DLANCHUS sete tetete eel teteeratelsteictel se eieteteee a= CRBS TER (OMh hab goo otacnaraneaccnecaddacopacdoosaecnserc
Mulloides. - 276 ferrugineum, Ginglymostoma
erythrodon, Callyodon. - 317 | festivus, Callyodon......-.
erythrogaster, Casio..... ee Zoom efi Dulatum sy My CtO POUT ste atresia atatate etal eee ae
enyithropsa Gh enogonllSesjae eee cians aae aes A0SS Efid jiensis;vANAM DSCs papel tan eet sle es eletela area
seryithropterus, WethrinUSs en aweere eee iinscasieceie eects 270 PY Pocononeresonaanarccsaacasoaccaeanords
IDMUTEN TUS 6csncdsecsseusdacssoda SSnBG0n6 264 Setarchestepee see -eeeer cee eee eeeeestere=as
IBA ising egecsoaoobossesenaacebsconoopecchoamscsodamonc 26555 |(PWieraster=rtecse e-bee sameeinie se see tee see tet a tee
evurus.. 265 homei. - -
marshi- - 265 microdon. .
Etmopterus.....--- - 183 | Fierasferide.-......- <
SVL OSUS Beem etree erecta eters errr eae 1839 |e fij ien sis; COMP TELUS eietpte else tee sate eee ee
IDPH DE op oas cen choad acocamaesacesaccasdonpssadaaqeon 186! i\efilamentosus; Abudelduf. ee. -sssss-. eee se eeeeeee eee
MICLODUS Seem ees esas eae a ameter 186 | Rebtroscirtessen-cr-- 3. eae eee ee
REUAMUS MON OLE KIS merote ok farnie a = nfo acters elm leralrelnpaarciea ana sista 271 (DOM DUS Seteemse ses eee ere ees
Euelatichthys...........- - 268 | IPSCUIGUPENCUS Sale terter ieee en aeteaeee
erassilabris.....- _ 268 | filarisy Gallechelysteeesespeen ce eemacecer nea eee
erassispinus. - - 268 filholi, Abudefduf. .
OLS OME dgoneceodouetecenbsocgadecsesn 268 | Calllyod On ee eter ies eet etic -araeicte
UNC) Os oo ooo opsesseccosecmecopensoccsS 268 | Stethojulisss-- Soo. je o= tetentesiiseeeeeeaes 3
CUgeNiNS | GODIOMOLDNUS sere eel alm sine eee eiaialaaralal eto 384 | filicauda, Monacanthus...........---..-..-.---.-----.-
iileptorham phusseeeeereeesnesecs sees eee eee enere OOS efili ferasuls CI DOD Seeee ere amen ees a aan
LONE ILOSOLIS seeeee eee eee 208 | fim brig tus): CHAM PSoOd One aera tats ee ale a alte
reULOStuS, GYMNOthOLaxe - Fenn mele winnie oe awe ann = nln ole 1OSiiefinschinmMacrorham phOSUSsese sree et --eeee eeeee
euptera, Murena.......- 197 | fisheri, Hippocampus...-.
eupterus, Gymnothorax. 197 | Holacanthus-...--.--...-..-.
Eurymyctera...-....--.- os aby Fishes of Samoa known prior to 1902, list. as
ACUUILOS DLIS selene eens ere 197 | MeEW/SDECIES ISG eee = aise eee
evanidus, Pseudocheilinus-..--..-......-------------.- 311 | ITSM ssodeesac once mest otcseceasactracssamaassoes
CV Oanbh lth NGG 3 cotsnomonescse oddopeboeodcenaon)ac 422 TNO ey oS SocarecocecbeetoorSonnsseeodscne
AM ase eceiaaeeeceeeae see ete enabee 239 | SONIA LAS maet Seis: ee ceeces Suse ne eee tena
TAN AMPSCSh ees Pree Sac ela wieleaciniseene heels = 296 | Fistulariide.......-

Anchovia. -
Ariomma...-

188 | flammeus, Mulloides. -
235 | flavescens, Zebrasoma. -

My Chop i Ute erepe coe ae eae ete 189 | flavirostris, Cheetodone a. - 22. o-.--coereecesee sae =
Eviota 386 | HERAT EET ERE, WENT O) Ee poop sche ace oncnse snoacodneeeCise
387 | flavicaudus, Sphagebranchus..........--.....---------
distigma.--.. Sscloem ete ayaeeirenniok Goansisme ee sae 389 flavidus, Gobiodon,............-..- MB CtoL Re SOscoEeees
epiphanes dv as soca cea ee cones a Hoe cou menerS 386) |inflavipes; Lutianuss-— cece -perar eee es ase eases eee
MS op codocesnostinecoucccegosodsecusanacatcs SOOM flaviroSeus OUtIANUS Ste len a csine mnie aes neni ae eee
miniata. 386 | flavissimus, Holacanthus.
prasites. - - 387 | flavivultus, Aphareus...-.....--.......-.....-
pruinosa. . . 891 | flavoguttatus, Hepatus.................------
CHAR ger adedsnccotaaoceroeticacoscaasenso5 390 | flavomarginatus, Balistes. -
pCR) 5 Sopscaccudondooscncosbuoe Bo00dSe 388 | CAM MOUN WES BocemaScogcencosasooace
PAD NENG inn ison edodo a tacouE ESaoDsRtiSmoboaosonced eT] SEO Ot iy UIE S seecos seconns cop asadec sae oSseonSce
ADV) DUE Se concoadnodbascocosresodcneabscaccceccsaonege PLT |) Sie ha eS App sc oAnadasadoSSnsossencccuootHodoandeae
BIN Te) ME ee connoctoonsooodecoosoncdcccda ss 20S lmtlorealisn SDNerol des eee tase renee na ete ee sites ae

XII
Page.
flos-corallis, Platyglossus.....-.......-.--------------- 299
248
248
248
248
Tie WoqeosaeEbosoansopesadescesneoseisodauas =p) 249)
fontinalisnsV eld OSAee eee seme nae e eee errr - 395
Forcipiger....--------- - 336
longirostris ~ . - 336
formosus, Callyodon... - 324
forskali, Atherinasceeme ces sete cere seine rieeieiinieil= i= = 216
forsteri, Cally.odont sire -treteisteeisos nels einer eect it 328
(Ob ehib.o So onomaapocaoonebosabescuoscodesodseods 230
Paracirrhitessase see recr here eccr cece ciattt 278
Sphyreemaeeeystertetscleesiesttcrctrecereo 219
fowleri, Microdonophis-.(.. (22) 22 eecie ne 194
fraterculus, Pseudupeneus. 275
fremblii, Cheetodon. -. 346
Arena bev NU Meee este e eee eee ee eee ees cele ere 238
frenatusy Callyodomleemem c= aiscee aaa etal eee 326
freycincti, Hemiscyllium-............--.--------------- 182
froggatti. Galeichthys....--..--.-.-------.-2----------- 191
frontalis; Cally odom-in. << -e~ so seein eins =~ 328
fuliginosus, Cantherines......---.--------------------- 364
(emigyIMNUsh eee sseee crater eee eerie 295
Hepatus. ---- 352
fulviflamma, Lutianus. -- 264
fulvoventris, Stethojulis. 296
TDI KAD LOUIE OP Rs mon Goobadoooodshod saqouseemogspaauacc 263
AUMItTONS | Call yOd OD ericeetseis-eee = eee ei taal l= 326
AUTCALUS+ AP OALEU Sistersterlersetee teers seleleisia eee letela tert 265
HRolocentrus eyes essee stenoses se stel-lesiele= 224
FUTCOSUS PNEIIPLELU Safe eee sere area ee lcissaiaretot= 265
FUSCESCENS MUUTIAM US a emcmmisartsteleyaete ei estemlsle nelaietal eile 265
Siganus.... 360
fuscipinnis, Odontanthias 260
fusca Amiaie cj-icjette i a1= 244
Eleotris 383
fuscoguttatus, Epinephelus..............--.-..--.-.--. 258
fuscolineatusS mb aliStessere re esses eee atisce cose 362
fuscomaculatus, Uranoscopus....----.-..-....----.--- 414
UREN, AN ERC Ee GosecsaaeeoopcsesoscupsbossccuanGn 306
fHUSCUSMB SliSbessesemereecsmartccetiere cisalsne icc meses 362
IKKyphosus 71
Mapo....-.--- ' 4C2
Pseudochromis. 277
(GlevclisEae pop espearcsonauoaccdasabacdcossabeussesaRoasebs 436
(Era MNOS 6a couososodasbcopsoccd soSbosdandsedasmouse 436
LOK Ou Wopsdadoascsb dob oooosubeorodseudaouus 436
melamoptexus see rece ma ceee reer eter lees 436
gaimardi, ;Memiramphuse-) 22sec oes - cael se = 207
UW Sas socbsoussassnsmosesbosabHecaoconqosaa 304
galactacme, Sebastapistes......-..-.......2..--..-22-- 376
Galeichthyshreeercec cee seeee eee ee eee eenesace 191
froggatti East O11!
latiroStris\--ec enone nae eee eet eee eee 191
(Galeocerd Ofneme sessile ee eee eer eee ese ee ee 182
DFS 6 op osococHes sda esd asssoacacnsubCRS 182
galeodons WAactoriaieciesc-sseiee se eeeaeen eee eeesec ect 367
(CHIC sa goursdco sao dopoabocdonouSandSnesbaoodheGeunodcou 182
ENS HORE ccesopodcdsoseonoddonbadcaepsceucoSst 182
KATMAI SAlavlaSereamers asec eee ree eee eee err 429
garrett, Acanthurusy.a-ceereesteee eter eases tees 358°
Teenianotus. . 378
Gasterotokeus 5 2/)-)< s.-2 ce. c)eeiee eels 215
biaculeatus\--/..-- 2-25: =) 205
ChAT he spBtaneoraas Saaaanobapdscncsoucnescsuscadannoes 273
ATEENtATIA srs a sree ee eae es 273

INDEX.

Gazzalequuleeformise- ne ereeeee eee ete ee eee meee eters 273
TOU oo be sbannsonaDdbRboseedcbe osoae0qcescona 273
genivittatum et halassom deren eee eer eee eee eee 307
genivittatusAwaous=. ssc. -scs-eeneees eet eeeeeeeee 405
geoffroy, Macropharyngodon...............-...-..---- 298
igeographicus, -Amphecesseeee see eee reeset er een eee nee 296,
germaini,) Petroscittesasaa- 252 eepee sees ees aeee eee 434
Germ 0/22 hee eee eeeee 228
germo.. 228
macropterus. 228
STM Ow Germ Oper cece ee see eee ee eee oe 228
Gerri deere nee Reso Sai See aoe p ta epee re 272
gilbberwMacrounushoeccletetciiistleiseanieeeee ace e nee ee 437
gibbitrons PAN tiCUs assesses esses eee eecee ner 423
gibbosaphiarengulasnmecenaenseeecscsecee cree eceeee 187
SCONPNOPSISee ses mene ceee bere eee eet ecco 375

gibbus, Lutianus........-.- 262
giganteus, Plectorhynchus. 267
Tetraodon...... -- 371

Hy] OSULUS series a alsa e eee ee 207

gigas PAMbASSISs soc: cece oie eee ee eee eee 255
>. GiEES ESO nog pads pas ceosacasbSosceooneancdaus 272
gilberti@allyodone-resseeee eee ee eee reece eee eeee 324
Caranxsetee eee asee cease reset eee eer oee 234
Cypsilurus seeecen seer eee eee eer 2c9
Salarias.. 431
Ginglymostoma -......-.---. 182
ferrugineum =- 182
Ginglymostomatides (5222. <- 2 -e eee eee eee eee ee 182
gladius) CoslorhynchuSs-eesecmcceee-eeeeasee eee eee eens 437
Xi phiais eae sees ce erence eecre cere ee eee eee 229

SlaUca, WISULOPSIS! te yse)= sees ine ieee oases tere eee 183
PTIONACEYasisniae see ele eee oeeee eee eee 182
glaucus) -Apudetdulisseme-rer-eeesre shee seer ree eee eee 286
globiceps, Callyodon 326
Glossogobius .....-.- 403.
vaisiganis 403.
Gnathodentexiesssstseee ee ciaeee epee ee ee 269
AUTOINeAtUS Zep eee eee ee eee eee =) 1269;
Gnatholepisiemasaccessoceeenacceaeces seco eee eee 394
Gan neseneasnpbonssaescpsasagubadeescces 395

deltoides yee emscicee soe e eee 394

Keni ghtineeeeaeeeeeeeeer ec eee eee 395
maculipinnis 395
Gobiesocide . - 434
Gobiichthysjsceeeeee. 407
lonchotus. -. 407

papuensis. .- - 407

(CO ek pass cae asoosoousudocqppLUSocobpSsGasouasesesacen 381
Goblodon aha steerer tecme creer ee rer eee eee eee 409
atrangulatuseescccnesceiseecceee ete cece 409

axillaris SiC os eace st Ne os ae eee 409
CETAMENSISQaseeeee ese eee eee eee 409

flavidus os S2ce eee tees eee eee 409
histrio....-. - 409
inornatus. . 409
lineatus... =n 409}

EK AVI ENTE ordocnusacsecocesospbosacdessouncsa 409:

Gobioidesi esas ansaee ese spe eee eee ee ere lees 411
LKOLON Sat sd gan adadscadbacpunadacasccoascEas 411
Gobiomorphusieasceceeeeeee eee aeeeeeee eee ere reer 384
@UBENIUS Es 252 Sacco ist snes hee ee 384

sclabenine bee. stericis ce sencse aces ee eeeeee 384
Gobionellus..........-- 407
atriclypens. . 407
Gobiopterus=.2--.----- 407
farcimensavotiaisecknssesiose ces enetene ee oee 407

CO SIDE oashasqconnpdaoncaacnoascdaaosnoSbgEaboDEooRSseo 401

INDEX.

Page.

Gobiusicaledonicus): = f2ieeee cc serece =e oases see al ee 402
concavifrons. 402
@l@QAaNS!orra4sass055e252 oboe see cesses eee son 402
oligolepis- 402
ornatus....- 401
godeffroyi, Anampses. 296
Hypseleotris 385

Poesiy Salariaseseeeasecctete ase as aacios ta acacia 431
goldiei}-Auschrichthyshejereecseseseeee cease ae se aioe 218
Cally odony o2eacnctaeisie ss aeas es oie ores erate 315
Ppinepheluis asses cerca sacle oe eae eee 260
IRE MP Rp 55-cmqgedsuodeecaaocotronracmeacsociess 263
Rhombatractisies.- sees ssereeseneciteate = 216
goldsboroughi, Gymnothorax.............----------- 198
GomphoOsus heme tesa selene eae ae ae ees ieee oie 307
pacifieus. . 307
sandwichensiSeses=222see 2252 e eee eee see 308

307

307

307

337

337

COMO E MONE ooh cogndoarboac naaccocuencouenaneoeotdsaces 190
elongatum.. 190
Gonostomid ses sense ecient a ae ree era te 190
gracilicaudawGymnothorax-s-o-c-s2 2. -o-2 eee eee 202
gracilicaudus, Centrobranchus..........---.----------- 189
gracilis, Saurida...-- She NE sseieseine aw Hale eneine eeieeleeiete 189
Sillagow as seats se eee ean a ner aoe ee eee 277
ereefielivADOMSt eee ase ance ccicene nee ose sea e cic 396
Mi ONOLUSmaseaeene esate te eetemeeeee emacs 247
Tachysurus. coe | athe
Grammatonotus......-- one | Aa
laysanus. 261
Grammistes.....-.-..--.- 260
sexlineatuseeuecctettacocse eee ae 7260.
grammistes, Petroscirtes aoa. C&P
grandisquamis, SaAuUrid Aas. ce ecee ee else eases. 189
Sphvireenaeenecersaer eee eee eee eee 219

PrANdoOculism MONO LEXIS eae neem areas eta eee ae 271
EAE TNE JE HERMES, KoscocsacactonqémnahocoSenessse 185
Rbinobatusteeesesse- soaps aes 183

FANON AN UNM ss eboconsdsooncneoscusesaponscscéade 304
PPAR TORE MMT) C6 posotosespecksenedoshssrodedaeccons 424
STUNNICNS HM aANCE LAMM eeienaeneniseeemaericerense ett 416
Poamensis;AMiaee eee soos seen ce eee 239
AW EOUB Bh cn cosecbassbedssetoncéecbshoccousee 405

SC DASLO DSIS trae re wee rare iat eit este ola 374

SGUIEUV AD Seer e ole etecie wim = ee aelsee tee eee 384
384

384

PUllivert RU GCUS sepa meee ee eee eee ee 237
guntherin Hy pSeleo ons jeertererateiralowe settee eae 385
Mhalassom ser yweacee eee aa ee cere 305
LEED ACES opcoscabcesabodgosocessdcasosenaris 424
IRENA ooguacebedasedsedeanaccanascoctase 303

ISI EUR SS coonoascseasecasccceceuceccHecH Sas 354
PUttWabusy Cong mel l WS ete mame een ee eee ia ater 193
TENS OS: ocmecceosoconendiiecaeccsosoes 302
IPseudocnOmDUS Siar on melee am see ieee 412
gymnocephalus, Malichceres............-.-...-.-----.- 303
gymnognathos Callyodon...............-.-...------.- 331
Giymnosard heer cmtan stein eects arlene eyes 228
CUT CUIGTOUENS poGsbeascmcossocsonnocesone 228

pelamis non {PES
gymnostethoides, Caranx.......-.....-.--.------------ 232
CON Feb NOeR SSO ppe se sososncoDcoceanoMoacnboeodaasasco 197
berndti 203

Gymnothoraxburoensisjsseer essen eee ee eee eee
chalazius_....... Ae Saale een eee ataiaraetala l=
detactustoercc =e sae sce cere tee ae
geet CE ecm aaacosacesdsecosceccoss
CUD LELUS Fae aoe a eee eee tate
CULOStUSSae ee eee eee eee ieee eee
favagineusaint 2-226 esceee eee ee eee
flavomarginatusees seer se sees eens e
goldsboroughiv sss. sas sere eee aera
eracilicauday-easceeeereecerteceereccine aes
hilonis2esee.2e Gece eee eee eae ae
Javanicuseadcaaeleeea ese seer
IEA CE AUS oe pesenoaeeecepcosceacebocsond
leUuCGStICbUS=aaee eee eee eet
Nin@atuseecant- ae seo eee eee eee
J ITES -noaenampaanacneasgenosnetEosacqosca
meleAeris k= -eeaasene season see ae oe ee eee
SHU lena ececascomocedaahocoecdcaee
AR AR YF Ao so ocinespesbrcsccscboanoedoptos
Devel is 75%: Aho ece seen. steers ee eee ye
DICtUS hese eee aeeeeine
polyophthalmussee-eesseseeeee eee ae
polymranod oneeese sates ee eee
Thodocephaltsee--sertseses sees ees
steindachnerifeeresess= esse eee eee

thalassopterUS sacs s.e=e=eeeesee a eee
tH YPSOId CUS esterases eee Ac tee ats
CEO op oconocossnpaucosbacbconsecce
Walaliesce= so seetesdes “anoass cee eee ae
xan thostomuseyciyeyse «eee eae
SY TINOIdeS; | GUAV Ma epojemteta ciate wtwials w1a/F hero le aloe etal ae
halbena tush Macrourusss.ce--esscdee sesso eseeteee eens oe
heematochirpelectorhynochussesseesse-teceeeeee eee eee
heematopterusilcethrinustaecee seas see etee ee aerate
I cemulid ee meee scncs scenes sens see aes sees asec eee
ISNT Socactnacccoocsecea cecoccappunc=pocaseGeHOnS

Centiquad Tus aja accesses eee ee eee
chloroptecuSs eae eeee sesso eee ease

PULtATUS yy ease ee cease teers
BUCCI TUS ery ele cele ae eee
gymnocephalus.............

Le DA CeNS Seen ise eee

MACIODY lepers Mote cee Cae
marearitaceusee- ==... ce sa-eecee
melanuris......----
nebiilosus=-5---------
notophthalmus.
opercularis....
ornatissimus
papilionaceus.

peecilus .....--
scapularis.
solorensis...
trimaculatus
Halieutwa.......
retitera
Halosauride.........
hamruhr, Priacanthus
harak, Lethrinus....-
Arenguleeecprices see
cbrysotenia........

XIV

Harengulacommersoni -c.ceee se aceeetee ee teeeee

PIDDOSA Se aeons eictee ce eee etree
VADICOTIS sone oeee eee eteee ei cee cet

hasselti;\Caranxe: ve associ eer eee eee eer aeeroe

Salaria

hasta; Pomadasistist:-csesna se cease neieee ace sees
hawaliensis,Dasyatisa-. eee aes eee eee eee eee

Draconettares ssn eect ee eee eee
Engyprosoponiessanaseeoneeae see cece =
Macrorhamphosuseaeaseesetecricnicesecee
Milacocephalusec ase aceecesenc eee a
Moringa sys Rabe Na ate cect te
IPcecilopSeb tae epee saa ee eee eee

heathi, Argyropelecusmesscneceeeeincas ence sees
elicolenusepemeeesceei sees PEeSesaEeeeeCeoGSeeeceee

TEU Nes acacpodeshorcoanacconsasttessosnS

hellerij;Sphwrena ersten aca ssc seco ee eee

helvolus,

Calram xe rek tate e reiterate

Hemipteronotussereee-ceeeeesceeeee esc ee eee eee as

Hemigymnusyeees-seeseseee es eoaseec eee.

hemimelas, Abudefduf - --

Hemipimelodus...........-.

Hemiramphus. .......-

CODEM<)s 4 a neeeln s Bier reeiton atari tora a
pentadactylusteaesweeerecteen cece
Um brilatuSeeeeeecrere esas

fUllgin OSUS Seer EEE eases eee er ee
melapterus

Enneapterygius. .

crassilabris -
dayl..

argenteus...
@ustraliensistemerrce sees eee eee) eerie
(Hae SReeoanEtuaTode Sada Gosoodatogs
COMMEerSOM epee psa acieaee a cena ee
Gepaupenatusesrceepeeesscmecsee sees
eclanch erieessectassmete cise cette ee
EEE Rl ese nereaobeanacenaneeranacaae
laticepSrertsesesecreeeestieeeneaece
lim Da CuSseeedepse seen cere eee see
IMelANUIU SP em seee asec eeeeee tec ises
DACLACU Shymcemerer ner secrete eee ee

iemiscy lide pees see sce seine Cree cece erates eer
Hemiscy umes ere mer eee eeneesee se ee eerie

dreyemetibmrasss-eossescc eee eects
COTE Abad op assudas Soanobbhaocoeenobe

hemistictusRaracinrhitesseesssceee eee pete nen eee
IFenioCh Us eciesn ee near eee te eee eeee Peres

acuminaltusteeces-eeaeee etree nae: SeSHiA
intermedius Ms -neeee er eee eieeeee 3
MONOCELOSH ec -eere ee eet ese ee
pPermutatuse salsa nee eeee emesee ce.
WViGUCLUS eereiteteteletete etelnicielelainieiclele wleletsteleteletiatetelelarste

henshawi! Brachysomophis:-.-4. -2.2-)-eereaa eee cee

Hepatus

EX NU CBR SaasonnansBreaAnopsocachadsussapcaos
GINEN EY. SanaasanannoposanascHscacucasabacssao0sS
equilinus 2s mecr adres cere ee eee eee
atelrimUsyyj.aen se scene eb meee eee: oi
atramentatusceeren eases ee eer ect
barleneererccscncsecieeeceer eerste acer
ISHOp Le erect che eee eA oe SR
(IU Bisae se codgsacodancacas puoanageancasedds

Hepatusidorcensiss--e--enseees sas eee eee eee s
Gussumierilsecys seceeeecesecee eee eee Cree
elongatus xa- Season see estene eeeoe = eee
flavoguttatus-seepeene ee eee tere re see eee
HUlPINOSUSfreemeeeeee esses ee senee ecco
SUbta tu ss tees eoeecesteeeeet er cer er aeeer meres
leucopalreilsmeee sa: esas p eee eee eee ee
iE sauaaaauaceadoodsccuaaacd cosaeara
marzing Cus eseeeeseeeecee eer ee eee eee cee

Sherk (0) (le eMee Moro onue uC odaaaaaEboSSceseDSHoo
lil HBS Anpasoodocdadan dabodapeoE EES .
GI EeCD IS Se Soap oadsoernbasebadsordaaansuasoes
PLO WSs Siaseotsoscdepbdcocsmosapsecsoar Solus
Sand vicensis Mess eee eee reese ee eee eee ee
trios terused pec csemse aces eee ce eee
umbra

WAST AAO, s dosoascanucocsaenoococesaubacceseasseene

le tereleo triste smecr-tee neces cee tee eee

phaenn as eee ean eee as enero
heterorhinos, Soleichthysi.s..s-esecesee seston
hexagonatus, Chellinus...................
hexagonus\ Myripristismes-ceceeeteeceeaee
hexataenia, Psuedocheilinus
hexopthalma;;Paraipercis\. 22-24. 4-er eee
hiansyrAtthlennesa--ces-c-— eee eeeeeeree

hilonis, Gymnothorax? -. 22.2 -ass-e- 6
Hip pocampu See --)s-t eee ene
Tim an ture yates asses cee eee ree

FIREMEN Soke osdotossonaseodsrouace Sonus
uarnak
HED DOCAT DUSeeneana tach ee ea seee eee Ete eee eee

hippurus, Corypheenaee ey. sa- elec cece
hirsutus, Lepidaplois .
hnispidus, Antennar.us
WOON bsabdsas Obes asobacs
histriokGobiodontes-st eee eee eee a
Ptero ph nynoneneeen reece eran

hoeevent Platyglossus
Holacanthuseenssrecerce tere
alternans

arcuatus..

bicolor...

bishopl...

bispinosus. ...

diacanthus. -

fisher. ...

flavissimus

imperator.

loriculus

MAVALCHUSH secon ee eee eee eee
micobaviensistecesen seeks aeeeeere
SCMICITCULATUS Heese eRe ee Ree eee neers
holacanthus;-Diodonteeesesees-s -eeneeeteecscsceciiee
Holocentrid series acejo- etre an ecee eee ees eee ote
J2 (a) ora Toh Sean bob aanobmaaaadanccuondaanedonodssundcosos

Holocentrus furcatus..........-----------
lacteoguttatus. .
levis: 225s hos
microstomus .
OKA Cee rocc anpavepasnodacSacenecenas
(Na ootecaocucocacconenaoceapbonamccon
PUNCtabISSIMUS)-- en re oa nla eel ane
PUD OLE eee tase eeran aerate
sammara .
seythrops..-
spinifer . ..

(LIELEOIG CS pee eee eee
VAIOIACEUS american eae eens
XP@UChHery LOTUS see eee ete

holocentrus, Macrourus......
Tlologymnosus..-......-
longipes. -..
SCMICISCUSP ae ee eee eee eee
holomelas)/Salariase ce se2-sace ee: eee eee eee eS
SELOLO Grachy, Sree cet cee eee eee eee ee eae

homei, Fierasfer
Hoplichthyide -- ‘=!
EL ODLICH THY Shree ere ne eee eects eileen eae

Mlatophryseeeeeteseee essere eee eas
hudsonisenneap tery Liu Serpe see eet aera
hyalosoma, Amia........
Hymenocephalus...........-

aterrimus. .

Ey plewrochilussssenae-se ne eeeeee ee ase ere eens eee
periophthalmoides........-.....-.----

VENER le remccioG a panaGeCeeenotroodce

Hypolophus sect t2e-2 2 eee ee cea eee eee ete
sephen..-.-.-

hypomelas, Stemonidium. -
Hypoprionodon...........-
macloti

hypselosomus, Pseudanthias.........- scaqensscnbeoaaad
iL ypselep trigs ce cem ee ones een a eee eae

macrolepidotus. -

vanicolensis. - -
hypselogeneion, Spheroides-.--.-...--:.-.-------------
DY SETIX 10d OL ese er eater te ere ete ae erate aera
Tehthyocampus Sesame se ee eee ae ee ee
Gayuishe Sie Boonscetoaaaoagepedaaoacaseas
papuensis-

Icosteide....-
Idiacanthide .
Idiacanthus

HENODUWISe Cara eee ee eee ee eee ee eee eee
iluocceteoides, Dinematichthys.................-.-----
immaculata, Guavina.........--
immaculatus, Tetraodon. .
imparipennis, Abudefduf. - .
AM PCTALOL; pe OLA CAN TDUS sae ancien nein sce eaten tata
incipiens' eA canthuruss-ee-s eee tes essence sece
INCISUIM 5s O SOMSALO Dersceetetnae elaae rset eaters
indicus, Pseudupeneus
inermis, Cheilio........
Platophrys

INDEX.

Page.
224

xv

Page.
isting sce ee mene soe eee eee ee ee ee 312
aneibensises eee tase eseep eee eee 312
Carneofa vis hss sees eee nee eee eee 312

MIP OY Sete eae ee ene eee eee 312
PENNE asp posonaanasosekeoaessaconédses 312
JUTE se peer omeopeeseanesmommoAaanoanodmonss ocean 379
maculatus. . 379
inornatus, Gobiodon..... 409
Pomacentrus. a PAS

IRE ICA eye eee on coe ccoea tacos eOoncre noes paSoSsotS 380
bataviensisS=2222 ss s-ss-e neo - e eee eee 380

ID CES Gepo ce eeoniace saacmcdooecadceoca 294

1Ofe FH En Gri sa-SeenomnibtanckomnobosocesSsods 272

PISStip eae seen 380

SPINOSUSHee eases ees 380

insularis, Sillago..... 277
insularum, Atherina. -- 216
ee Carcharias. 182
SpheroidesStenec=- seeeee ee eee eer 368

An term edi seh eniochusessee esse see eee ae BAT
MiyTipristis merce se to eec escent seen ae 220
TNTELLUP US; eh CLAD OD aa eee see see een nee eel 266
iomelas, Chromis. .. - 292
Gracundus?= sess 374
signifer... =) Ye!
Trad Ans Oslo FOUL Sires terete lan electra stele 313.
isacanthus;biatycephaluseasssene- esos oes sense see 380
Wsistius oS 525 2s oaks ees ee ee canoes seca 183
brasiliensis# 22 jst aase eee seh ea one aeons 183

Islands of South Seas, classification 180
isostigma, Apcgonichthys- 251
TSULOPSISse== eee eee ee 183
[ETO oti conconéasaae, ooacanoaceanescascado 183.
jActaAtOrnCanthigastereeeesee eater eee eee ee eae 372
jaculatrix Ll OXO‘ES Ha eace ace eee eens eee eae 277
JANSen ip ChAlassoma se seer eee eee eee ee eee 307
janthinus, Canthigaster......-...--..-----...--------- 372
japonica yMo bullae sss se ees aa. ee eee eee ee 185.
japonicus, Calliurichthys . 45.
Galeustes-sse= 182
Scomber . - 228.

i] BV ANCA MOTI E Uae ene nee ee ee near 195
J BVANICUS Gyn O NOTA sees ee eee eee 200
P SON OSHS Sone es eate sese ae ese aoe nee seine 235

jenkinsis Callyodonmerstete see cee ee eae eee eae 326
IROMACeNtrU Stee enc ae ee ence e aera 281

JONNI, PLUtIANUS enone erence ee eee eae 264
jonesi, Callyodon. . 323
J OLAS NINO DEC S see eee ae ee eae 183
jordani, Callyodon 331
Cirrhilabrus 308

OMS GEO (S15 oe tepeteratmat lalate een = a 438

VOTO BDICUS tere tennant ce ante eee ee 435
bora Dorensiseessateeeces ee eee eee eeceees 435
parvipinnis... 435
umbratilis....-- 435

AU bees isroacccencseucadece 304
CO thee cooepoaacranbaseedoat doasusaccacscesesed 304

CY COUXL hee aetatee teas ae ane nae oe eee 304
EO AURIS omens hans Sap OCaSeeEICECmOS HOSE ReSD 304
gaimardinaenre cs <sces secs ee eenes cae nae e eee eee 304
QLCCNOVI eens eee ee ee ee ae eee 304
lepomis2siscs =. soc ees tues eacs ces sens ce sue ae Seen 304
pulcherrima. - 304
KAIANUS; SVNOGUS temas sacle eee cece ae 188
Katluce s Mirena eee serene e Sacer oe ae 196
KAlOSsOMa tS Leto} Mlis macy eee seeet ee cee eee rey 298
kallosomus, Novaculich thy saesesesssesseeese ee ee cane 31L

XVI

kandavensis, Mugil-

kasmira, Lutianus. ...-
katoptron,Cypsulurus 2. smiles se melee eriia 211
kauaiensis, Aldrovandia.... 22-2222... =.= ese ene 191
Icelaartl, yM Ug apse areca stele eee reer ee eee eee 217
1 eft eee ceosonpansacsooscodacocsbsudscasauccadoco 409
eardinalis 409
oligolepis. - 409
kelloggi, Callyodon. - - So CP
iPseudanthiaisesessseeeee cetera eee ree 260
Sebastopsiss-eeceere oo cae vee eee eee 374
Kkenie; ‘Sphiyreen ate ct em eteeeisier ine ieer ieee erseteteetetecr= ae 219
kittlitzin Cheilinusteeescessmese eee eee eceeee eee ere 310
icleini;|Chaetodon sass ss-seeeee eee ee eemeeeeies 342
kmnightijAnarchia'ssecsesee aeeeceeeeece eae =) 205)
Gnatholepis. -- - 395
koilomatodon, Amia. ..-- 240
komis, Centriscus..-...--- 212
AKO Pyles gaa recaccHsoonnoendccscsodmanceobcscaccacus 187
thrissal ae eee eee ee eee eee ee reas 187
KUda SE pPOCAMP US criystatee ease sete cere eeereiaratae 215
kublivDasyatise sec csc te cece seee eee see eee eee 183
Reuhlige ers see eee 255
eaudovittata. -. 255
malo weeteeees= Epler zoo)
Eby Ate Enon naooadoabasbonsoqunssacecsesecece 255
TUPOS ELIS eels asia ease eee aor aisle cee crore 255
(EAaOhe oS pusmenocoDASwooSmaccocoueoneEsebaose 255
255
255
237
237
gulliveri. - 237
Kyphosida. ...- bar HAL
Nea Ost sqcchcusotasdosoossusbboshoansaDenoroAreeacosr 271
PUSCUSS eee eee yclb sia vis cioee ee aaisee 271
TEN asa eceenGdandaatooonbasdpebeesenetoos 271
Sandvicensiseeeee see cee eee eee eee 271
tahmel...... 271
waigiensis. - 271
labiosus, Callyodon. - = 316
Mabrich thy Seer sess sees cece cme crn siete meceiterce 294
POR eNTGs 8 Sonor ssoosenbcsSasacobansatoa 294
cyano tenia sas er ee ee ioescee eee 294
Ibe Boo ose seauenbosoe doctacoandacunspBeasseEadod 292
IOP So naaspeonsaanuSdonededSupeooos ubasasbeccepe 293
Gimidiatu seeps eeee eee eerie cities eee aes staters 293
paradiszus - 293
lacerta, Callyodonas eer secre saeeeee ee ese -iseee eee elise 319
lserymatus eA bud cidutasees essere =a eee eee et 285
Metraod oneeesee eee sear e rere esa eee aaa 371
lacteoguttatus, Holocentrus (225252 cs. -ce eens ol 225
MWactoriamec meses eeere sae meteecetaciseecisee ciate 367
COT wena basseasacossauoosospseasssccesso 368
galeodon..- 367
schlemmeri. 368
lacunosa, Atherina. - - 216
IL SOVLONCM deere eyes eet eee eee eaies ee eee 436
THOGOCHIGsEA aaa eee eee eee erees 436
levis; Holocentrusissns- se mseei eee ferent eee 226
Spheroid esweeeeep estes seer see eee eee rere) 368
lafa, Ambassis......--- 253
Jambdurus, Colocopus. 355
Wambertia2=2.-css--e= = 191
< Ein Ce RRS Ser SS Se ASpRAABOsesHsuBOhone 191
liphal sb hee aaeRnaraaabobanccmaokpodkadsapbecaeaads 183
Lehn a (6b: UR ras AA eA oes Bn ARSED RA SEaecONaSeaoDBe 227

INDEX.

Lampris

lamellifer;iCypsilunustess-easeseesaeee eee eee nese 210
lanceolatus, Pseudapocryptes........--.--...-.---..-- 407
laniarius, Sebastapistes...---.-..-.--.-+-2-+--:--+----- 377
laoHalich eres st jes-pcmecie eae nae cee koe eee eee niece 303
laotale, Sebastapistes- 376
lata, Dasyatis.-....... 183
latax, Callyodon. 329
Va teralis vA laisse eee sence eee eerie et eee teen ee tee eee 246
laticanda Myropteruraete eee see Ee eeeeeeee nce eeceee 193
laticaudusiCaranxceeten-eeee reer enteeee ee se eee oeeeeEe 232
Wethrinus ia. fee cree eis oe he eee 270
laticeps, Chlamydes..-.. 394
Hemiramphus. 207
latifrons, Aprion........ 265
latirostris, Galeichthys 191
latovittata, Oceanops.....--:----:.-..---2-5--- See LIL
VauiasiCally od onset sae sa seen se eee eee eee ae 324
laysaniusPAntennaniuss ss ee ereee a neee ee eae eee 438
laysanus,Grammatonotuseesssceeseecee seen ee eee 261
Gy mnothoraxseesceeee ee eee eee eee eee ones 200
lazulinus, Callyodon..-- 333
leclusei, Cymolutes. . 312
leihala, Echidna... - pee 2033
Ihelognathus) sae nas ee oe eee eee 273
dussumierie ee ase see ee eee eee 273
edentulusiis a. oie ece coe eee 273
Coil beast esaassnoccensacuacatocusoga5ce 273
fasciatush sete acssee eee sees e es 273
ODSCURUS Seen ceeseeeeee ae eteeee 273

smithursti. 27.
IU Tile e Re ants ric aaa nas atoneTcnoemectornuceccreedaadeado 236
MACUlAtUSH a jae sae ee see re ee eee eee 236
PAUCIGeNse sey Tecra eeceeseeiesete ae eee 236
VOLUN A TUS ho Tah Aap See eats Sateen ee cel et 194
CODI Aaa aeen settee eee tae Seen eee ee eee 194
Semicinctusl asso) ees eee eee ee eee 194
leiuroides, Tylosurus. . 206
lembus, Kyphosus.. .. ag | Pai
Lemnisoma..-.--.-..-- s- -228
thivrsitoides eras jacosc ee eaeee eee 228
JentiginosumOstracioneecesc-eeseseeer see ereee ese eeee 367
|mlentipes|concolorsseeeceeace ered cee een ee ese eeee 411
seminudus: 20. s sae see ee seme seee eee eee ee 411
leopardus;\Cephalopholis@e>.s-cee-ceeeee eee eeeeees 258
leparensis,~Halichceres=). eile la seies tee eee eee 303
Lepidopide.--.......- -- 228
|Mbepidaploiseea soi hum siel a sat EL aierlt aane marae -. +298
alhoteeniatuseees--a- meee eeee esas =.) 7293
axillaris 293
Hirsutus sot esos: veceacie tense eee 293
modestus . 293
DOROItIO RA eee on eee ee Cree 293,
Strophodeseaeeeecenesses cece oe eee eee 293
lepidus, Callyodon.... 42 21S L9
lepomis;, J ulist i Sheers anne se eee eee eee 304
leprosus, Antennarius....- RSE eltinl echt paras SARS 438
leptacantha, Amia.-.- mend)
Teptecheneisntasesus casas eames as eae nes aaa 411
NAUCTALES Pepe sa sae eee eee 411
Leptocephalidze - 193
Beptocephalus sas. sessace ssa ae eee eee eee 193
MOAI VOUS yas yee teee eee eee 193
TMeptojulistese-seeaceeae as a #298)
pardalise. ees sets sececee soe ese eee ee 298

Westid ums = aasceceste eee sees: Soe one eee 190
NUGUM eee sess ae cee eet ee ec eee 190

ILA Gh NE ren ac ape muddacasoucdocusae codes acosee sohocde
Methrinus': 525 /se cise e cepa seen see oe see

amboinensis. . aan
aurolineatus. .
bonhamensis. - . 500
CHY.SOSEOMIUIS eee sce nr me eye aes ye etn ES
ery phrecanthu sss =a p= sass anes Saaeete eee

hematopterus
laticaudus
leutjanus-.
MANSON Se etaete ese se eee ees eee

DICT ETS 5 prado nooDdeass5or cnscceebossacedetos
MODULOSUS cee eee tee ae noe ree me
ornatus... 2
papuensis.
ramak....
sordidus....
waigiensis
xanthopterus
leuciscus; My xus: 33 <3: sts So ae ee eee ace aites
leucogaster, Abudefduf
leucogrammicus. Anyperodon
leucopareius, Hepatus..-...--. x
Jeuicopomus A Dud elite nee eee eee erate
leucostictus, Cryptocentrus.................-..--------
Gymno Chora xcmseeee ee ence ae eee eee
leucurus;Uropteryeiusee sess eee eee eee
lewbj anus ethninuseeess eee ee eee eee
lili sSynehiropuss-—- sap sece = sree eae peer e nee
lima, Holotrachys.....
limbatus, Hemiramphus.
lineata, Scolopsis.-..-.-- 2
lineatus; Crepidogastersee. . a=) ea sae ee eae ener cee

Gobiod one aee tap aaeh eae peer eye

Gay no th Oras e ee eee see eee aes eee

ISIC SCRE eH eScaaSeb bacaadesoenuSaecodeeue eas

Wutianuse feces seee eee ease see soeeee

IPhtheirichthyssaee=sseeee eee eee ee eee eee

Salarias......

Siganus
lineolata, Archamia
lineolatusy Cheetodonsess.- sessseee see eeaneeeaes

Pebroscir bess esses ooo ten ectiene aot

SVCHUILO DUS eteeke er tere eee
lineopunctatus, Xanthichthys..-........-.--..------.-
liorhynchus, Peristedion. ..... a
littoralis, Pomacentrus. .
lituratus, Acanthurus. 5
liturosa,,Osbeckidencecan esses net aa seme eee
itis sy) Gyan Ch Ors eee ee ee ee
lividus, Pomacentrus

(Cero COM ACU betes eee ee ee ee
melinopterawa ss. c esses eee esenon pec eee
neocaledonica...

DA DIOS Reem anane aaa. se ee ee eee
trOschel le een ese eee secon neoecen eee
waigiensis~...-..
loaloa, Agonostomus............-
Om clare eee eee ee een
vulpinus.
lonchotus, Gobiichthys........... «
Jongibarhas: Cy psilunis = pean eee eee eee

INDEX.

Page.
270
270
269
270
270
270
270
270
270
270
270
270
270
270
270
270
270
270
270
270
269
270

XVII

Page.

longicirrhus, Macrourus. . . 437
longidens, Caulolepis. Ee beeye219
longifilis)sPetroscirtess=-s--seceeeneecaceeeceeeceeeee se. 431
longipes; ologymnosus)=---2--beee eeeaeen eee ee eee ee 304
longipinnissDalophispeseeeeeeeeeeneeeee eee ree eee ee eee 194
Walenciennea® 2220-5. secee mene eee 382

longirostris, Euleptorhamphus 208
Horcipiger--.---- 326
Oxymonacanthus . ecor 1865

hooMScom bere sae. seco ae ae ee er 228
Tophiidss © 2s, 25 sos ibook Sv agseeee eee see eee eee 437
Wophiomus tyes cecessscet «cesT eee nee eae 437
DUCA GOS = etapa see ett ete ire 437

NANOS Leeann 2 mele eae 437

LOWE AVATIOl Alera seen io esa meses eee eee eee 257
loriculus, Holacanthus 349
lucifer, Astronesthes. . 190
lugubris, Caranx.....- Bo PX)
lunare: Rha) assom aeeese-e eee ee sen ee ae eee eee 305
linariss Caaslow se ssc select ee eae cea ee eae 266
Nid inifaD ecap Cer Setsee memset tee eat eee eee 229
lnm a); Chee tod on hee see tase a= ee ees 340
lupus, Callyodon. . 322
lurida, Ariomma......-- 235
lutescens, Thalassoma. . =e cos)
luteus;|Callechely sys so22 sees a ee a ee eee 194
Thutiani dee) fon o= ctestasemioee nonsense ae eee 261
Lutianus 261
265

ArgentimMaAculabusees asso ee eee 262
MULCOVICLR DUS 2 acece ec cee ce aero aa eee 264
bidensryeeee- 262
bohareesee 22 262
ceruleolineatus - 262

Caudaliss soc em en te ee eee 263
chrysotenia pee eos
ehrenb erg item race eae eee eet 264

ery ihroptecuspyiaseceia- eee eee eee 264

flavipesins. 22-22 je teceseee cs eee esed ees seer 264
flaviroseus}s=s----ise oa cOsBtOoS! saccugsdasens 264
fulviflamma. 264
fulvus...-.. 263
fuscescens. -. 265

(Ss opseapereocsbeeceonecenecanseseacooece 262

PONS cero ccecdeeasenhonsnceaecoonpaaances 263

heen tee sp pe secOBCUnEReBEOnSSeaecocccccsescsG 264

Lid efadue ce oat senehteoroor Esuncdpdsepsoncaca 261

INS AUR Se oe omar acaersacotoosceccicasrescscos 264
Marginatus so 355- 23-2 essen sees anes eee 263
marginipinnis. 263
monostigma........... 264

Ni Pelee ease ences 265

OU RYO eee eeer eamemre rn acoecastochesaccesc 262

DEIN AGEN SecoscpeeccoCeanobaporossesipconton 263
rivulatus....... Ecooshcecocsesorbocesnccnsess 262

262

264

263

264

263

264

263

264

waigiensis. . 263

lutkeni, Myctophum. . 189
Lycodapodide........ 435
lymma, Tzeniura-. 184
L¥SAN te SCOMPELOIGES penne eee eee eee eee 229

B. B. I’. 1995 ——11

XVIII
Page.

macgregori, Microdonophis. ......--------------------- 194
macleayi, Callyodon . ..-- 331
Halicheeres . 303
macloti, Hypoprionodon..........-.---.-.------------- 182
macracanthum, Xystema........---.-------+-----=--- 272
macracanthus, Ambassis .........--.0.250.---20------- 255
IM IPO Re aanaeceecee sosnbe oso obasanelbbdcsosseandoooser 414
AMISSUS einai reciereeeeenieetesetetereteleteteters 414
macrocephala, Merinthe - 374
Moringua... 195°
macrocephalus, Cnidoglanis. - ser aight
Mpinephelusteccmacsceee cece eset 259
Uroptenyeiusteeeeeeeacieeo ce eee 206
macrocheilos, Callyodon -.......-.-.----------+---++--+-- 320
macrod on; we araml ger aes eet iae ae ttelalala a telsieteetelateeteye 252
macrolepidota, Ophiocara.............--..------------ 384
macrolepidotus, Hypseleotris..........-....----------- 385
Novaculichthys- = Sli
Macropharyngodon .............-.--.------------0+-+-- 298
PeOfo yee ese else ae eraiteentere ete 298
wmeleserigniaecrecysceaetcee rier cece 298
macrophthalmus, Scolopsis.....-.-..----.------------- 269
macropterus, Germo.....--.-.-------- AegannmAdcoAccode 228
Murzenichthy sees sscmise seo lee ecin ee 193
Macrorhamphoside...........---.---------- 212
Macrorhamphosus. ........-.-.------------- 212
brevispinis. 212
finschi. .... 212
hawaiiensis 212
macrosoma, Xyst#ma...-....-.-.02-22--+-- 2-22 e eee 272
Macrourid tess -cscioseaeee sericea tee cee rere e rena 436
WEE KU ano nasequacdnoscooscosesonascuSuSbeESEcuasebS 437
Iburra gels e cece n ec etacise mele eeiseistessiere 437
COKWEg odeseacoocsnG6ncoubosoacdoosoodouGne 437
gibbensesatescee re paeeee ceciaceitee scat 437
habenatus. - 437
holocentrus . - 437
longicirrhus . . 437
obliquatusieeeee wesc meertciseainciteeinctccteteie 437
LOPIN GUUS peste mee font e eaters see aie 437
maculatus, Caracanthus..........-.-...-.-.-.---.----- 380
Me pinepheluseteretetioceecterlesersel ee erisitelee- 259
Inimicusbeeee seers eeeee eee eee cee 379
IPS H a5 doeoouAcboonRosoSUadSenaseEoscaaas 236
Paracanthistius . 256
maculifera, Amia-.-......-.- 241
maculipinnis, Gnatholepis- .. a2) 895
maculosus, Zenarchopterus ..........-.---------------- 208
Wie AGED: josnaasebEusoousuHyeonoseous ppouascoSauaconoeEe 266
magnificus, Epinephelus. ....-....--.--.---2--0.------- 260
Miynichthy ser -seeeeee scene eee eee 195
mahsena wWLethrinus jesse ease emcee eines eer 270
mahsenoides; Wethrinus 2). ojoccicleiteeieleieisieiieis = ineleileini= = 270
makua, Ranzania.....-.-.----- 373
Malacanthide........-.-..-.-.- 277
Malacanthus. ...-- 277
PAGVAIpPINNishe sees eeeeeee eM 277
Malacocephalus semescsciscte scence se see cia ner cieeiseiemer= 437
hawaliensis serene lees eaeee setae eel 437
malo eKuUhliateceesebereeeceesce eee eee eee eee 255
Malthopsisssceeece ener ice ee een cee eieec eaters 438
HLOsKs Nellie soa casaon ae obetccodosoados 438
Mitrigerawessmcel-ceces cae 438
manadensis, Anthias...........-------.-- 260
mancus, Platophrys. - 412
mandibularis, Caranx. 234
maoricus, Callyodon-. 55). es)
INAOUACANCHALIAS Helens eeieesesnisetaisesaie see issee lar 182

mappa, Tetraodon. ..
Mapoeermeserice ie
HPT Cay on oad OAGanb oo aaadoSeasnaasddscoonadesacs
CrassicepS cee sect eee ee eee eee eee sere
Marceravia-mccccs carer tere neeceeceee eee eee oer nee

STUNNIONS Hat yeeoe syael eee eee ee
marcusi; Salaniasee:acceeee eee eee eee ee eee eee
margaritaceus, Halicheres..
margaritatum, Myctophum.. .
margaritifera, Scolopsis. ... ste
marginalisyBrotulaceees- seers sence eee eee tenes
Maneine tar wCuUnliaerer pease cere cescce eee eee eee ere
marginatus) Cananxeereceereescee sete eeece eect

Congrogadusssceene eee ects eer ee eerie
Hepa tus eieececce sso ce eos ee eee
heptocephalusteeeceeeeseceecme eee eee
Lutianus.....-

Nemipterus..
Platyglossus.

marianasHolacanthuse.-een--eeeree ce eeeee eee eee
MArMoratussyAItICUS \ssn see ee ee eee aero eeeee
Apogonichthys.
Cirrhitus. .
Siganus.......
Uropterygius.
Ne opacuecucosoonscesdacc.

acipenserinustee eee enensseneeees
matoides}Hepatustssso cannot eo acento
mauritiana, Anguilla
Maurolicide.........
medusophagus, Schedophilus- ase
meeki, Priacanthus.............--- eis Ye SE ROIs
megachin ws pingphelustesee-eeete ee aeeeeenice eine seats
IMegalaspis janet stn sae Seen cele oe eee nee ee
Cord ylaises28 2k sees os elses eae ae eee eee
megalolepis, Sphyreena.......---22.+-----2--5----------
(Megalops sities See Se UR OR See Se eenttrare
cyprinoides. .
Megaprotodon..... of
trifascialis. 2

megastomay An euillaseemeee seee tease eee eee eee
Melamphaessacrcisctess secinlecieeiicisiece eee sence etic

melampygus, Caranxenessasee een seeee eee eee see eee
melannotus, Chretodon=-. 22 -- esse eee ose eee
melanotus, Paracirrhites........--2-4--2--2--------. SAG
Melanobranchus......-...----

micronemus. . .
melanocephalus, Monacanthus. -

melanostictus, Aseraggodes........:.---.-------------
Melanoteeniid ce eae eee ia aastieceeiemae eeieeinne sy siatts
melanurus, AnampSeses- = on- - esl ceies solein seme sla
Dascyllus. .
Halicheeres. .
Hemiramphus. 3
melapterus, Hemigymnus.......2..-.--.-----.---222+2
melas, Abudefduf. .
Pharopteryxeace cece ec cec seo eee eee eee eee eee

meleagris; Gymnothoraxseseacecestecceie easiness
Macropharyngodon.......-.-.--------------

RO SARS peo spbporicecemercogascéooosceussends

MICO NN Elio cou serdonecocesaungnecuconectcasnecudES
Pete Ee ou oS cdospcebEmoscbosesescndos
melinoptera, Liza......--
melanopus, Amphiprion.
menesema, Amia
WIG AIAN pce dodacccnees-rodasacaseorocsdvonanpnosossoHs
band anensis tara crscre sce be tens sie ate
macrocephala. -

merra, Epinephelus. -
mertensii, Callyodon.
mertensi, Cheetodon..................
ALN alASSOM Bematemieeseestae ae :
metallicus vs boudetdu tamer ase see eee ae eee ee te
Metopomy chee ss c-eesce sae ae eee Socace

metoposophron, Acanthurus...........-....----------
miacanthus, Lophiomus.....
Microbuplossusseeneinseneee asec eceeee
nigrostriolatus.......
Microcanthus ssa-e=sacseseceae eee seee eee eee
Strigatugunaseer ees eee ee eer

microdon, Aprion.......-
Fierasfer.-
Microdonophis.....--
fowleri--.
macgregori...--..-- =
polvophthalmuster reese se seee eee
Microlepis AMUN OTS ee meee eee ane nena
microlepidotus, Scomber...
mnicronemus Melanobranchus.
Microp hist ae nese peer
brachyurus. .
caudatus. ... =
pleurotieniasa-e eae c se seee esate eee ons
EE ATE som cede ectscedponcacanadmnobsenouse
torrentius.......
microphthalmus, Myripristis. -.
microps, Synchiropus....-.
microptera, Evolantia-.. .
micropus, Etrumeus..... 55
microrhinos; Callyodonie----sen-eiseece ee eeeeeeame ea
Microsicydium

elegans
microstoma, NeMmatops. een ---cnneeidstiece eee ee
microstomus, Holocentrus.
miliaris, Cheetodon.
miniata, Eviota.... Ae
Methrinellace = tines -ctes Weleeoe = Aree ee
Minis cisy Cally od ones eee eee ee ae a ere
‘Cephalopholistveers. sree eee ences te eee eee
MIR U ba gcnabddoostetocos saéccnc ceudeaccosssessssoaeban
pictus...
minuta, Gazza....-- ——
minutus, Enneapterygius. . oe
MiONOLUSeeieicises cere ee eee ee ee eee
greffei
PKs Bae oe Soe sk Danes Maker ae Se
MODS; DASSIS tess e ese ee eae eee
Miopsaras.......--
myops...
misolensis, Dalophis
mitrigera, Malthopsis..-:.........
moana, Pseudupeneus......-.---.-

INDEX. xXIX
Page. Page

Lose Mobulajaponicdeesesscee eee eee eee eee cee eee eee eee 185,
2083 PMobulidaeterecer eases ee eee eee tae eee ease 185
429) | modestusi epidaploiss-neesas eee eee nee ece nee 293
363! Himoensi, Callyodon) sense 2-2-2 +> eee eee eee eee 317
363 Gethrinuss<, se sees vec sees eee eae ae 270
BTS MOG Se Fos eee ee oe clean Necro 373
278 | moluccensis, Calotomus..........-----------:----+:---- 313
239 | Monacanthide.......... 364
374 | Monacanthus...... 365
374 chinensis. - 365
374 filicauda ...... 366
258 melanocephalus. 365
334 NILENS So aon a ene noes 366
341 Prices sesso a ee ee 366
307 SPUOSOMUBS ee aa ee eee ee ees 366
289 MMONOCELOS;PAIUCCL Dae et ee esac eee 367
193 IW eniochuseae-seesecse eet eren ee eee 347
ae Monod acty lus taaccecns ses saa eee ces eee eee eee 236
KA ATLENLEUS eee eee ane eae 237
437 mOnoprammsa, SCOlOpSiSassessecees see ae eee cteee ee cans 269
lg monostigma, Lutianus - 264
413 | Monotaxis euanus........-.--.--------+- 271
346 grand oculisteassee ae se eee = PAL
ee moresbyensis; Callyodon. <2 22-2 -- ee 323
: Caran kane raeeten sasese eee c eee ee eee 232
Go | koringuldies ec ec af ts ee 195
194 Moringua..... gecetesceseeseeeeceeees eee eceeeeeeee eee 195
194 hawaiiensis eeetatatat tel eeetat ace ceiectate ee ener 195
AEM 6 Goce oodoctoncanoodor onSsaeceraoenad 195

194
136 mMACrOCe Dall ase maceelse ane eee eee eee 195
998 mortoni;sbseudanthiasssaeee eee see ee eee eee eee 260
436 moseleyi, Chirolophius. . 437
214 Notacanthus. - 206
214 mucifer, Gymnothorax. . 200
14 eS apacnoca asl aseeenOaron Paeesacssaashaaeed 217
214 argenteus..... HeSscuogsacosseocdsctassboasse | PAU
214 IDLOUSSON CELE oltre oleracea eee eee eee 217
215 CEVGN OH so conccosmongotcnnantings-ceoceacsadeaar 217
200 cephalus eyaee see areas see ee eee eeeee 217
415 kandavensis. 2 217
208 kelaarti- Bsr 217
186 Se. SasaecuseoodocoasoHonsEeaS IgqSecenes 217
339 planiceps. cect eset estes tsetse tees reese eee 217
411 sundanensis 217
at CON Be eee ee a eee arc sr apie ER ne 217
413 | Mugilide...... ePOSH OD MASS mucuBEbeseses=t Hes ask scemoce 217
Gps, || MAMI C EDS < Setioc etosesbaboocsuceseseenos eu stiscoasedeccon.s 273
CYVi|| HN hoe cise doen e coos opboneeseeetsorhancres=sepeoces 276
336 auriflamma 276
270 erythrinus... 276
315 flammeus. . 277
258 pflugeri..-- 277
378 SAINCENS IS pepe eee eee ee 276
378 | vanicolensis 276
273 | ZEVIONICUSHe cones saniceis sag asccse essere 277
AVGh paul ticirrata,y BO GU] ae eeeee eee eee eee ee 436
247 pul bicolor) Coristesess ees eee ae ae eee ee eee ee 303
247 335
248 273
255 222
437 196
437 197
194 196
438 197
1274 193
185) || Mur senesoX. eens cee eee = eee See 93)
185 CIN reUS ee rieea asst arc <a en ae aaa 193

XX
Page.
MGumeenichithy,Sissc)s- (etter eee eels ae 193
macropterus 193
Murenide........-.--------- 196
muralis, Valencienne 882
murdjan, Myripristis........--.----------------------- 220
muscarum, Rhinogobius..........--------------------- 401
musile, Alticus....-. 425
mutabilis, Gallyodonts2sseee se -esereseee ene eae ree 318
Myctophide.......-....-------+---+-- 222-222-2222 189
Myctophum.............-----------------+-----------6- 189
EVELMANN Vee eye ec eteeeteeseete ele pelelesetetert lol! 189
fibulatumercmesce ee eee eee eee ee ceeeeeeneee 189
lutkenteeepees ce 189
margaritatum . 189
myops, Miopsaras.......-- 437
Trachinocephalus. - 188
Miyrichthy sis sj-sstilctel== 195
magnificus..... 195
stypurus.....-- 195
May rid ees eacer a saeeee a 193
My riprististessssecne et 220
adustus...- 220
ATLYTOMUS oe epareeree nee eis ai iaie=i=ciein i= => ol 221
lows one seomascnocandesoousseousouuogads 221
carneus......- 222
Oi ROMS conn cae euscosuscasedeeSsunEosoncs 221
IV EOE ceasdaecencouocosssocaneanediaenne 221
Roemenee lbs oss nodaqodeoosesdosgseceESsenS 220
microphthalmus. - 220
multiradiatus......-- 222
murdjam: =. 2222 -22---- 220
parviden 222
pralinius 222
sanguineus. ..- 221
symmetricus. 221
Myropterura....-.------- 193
laticauda . 193
mystacina, Waitea..- 407
Myx Se eettarerel= = 218
leuciscus - 218
Nannobrachium......-- 189
nigrum. 189
nanum, Plectrogenium. 378
naresi, Cypsilurus-.-.-.- 211
Lophiomus. - - 437
narinari, Stoasodon. - 185
nasus, Ostracion. -. 867
nasutus, Terapon...- 266
natans, Parapegasus. 215
Naucrates........----- 229
ductor......-- 229
naucrates, Leptecheneis- 411
nauticus, Chenomugil. - 218
navarchus, Holacanthus 348
IN@briUSP eee eee eet) 182
concolor. ...-- 182
nebulosa, Echidna... --- 203
nebulosus, Halichceres. - 303
Methrinusmceeeeeeee creer eeeeeeeeeer eee 270
hin og obiussee ence ee eeeee emer ra 401
PMNS sadegnvasAbantoassocooussoseodeaette 359
INematobrotulase scree ce reece cere re eer eect ere 436
ensiformis - 436
mematophora), Amn ase er see sce sereet eee teense 245
Nematoprora......-.----- ona
polygonifera.......-.- oso pean boasEsaasKS 194
nematophthalmus, Platycephalus--.-.......----------- “380
INGE C)coogoaddedaseosuouedeso 413
microstoma 413

| Netuma spatula.....

nematoptera, Duymeria
Nemichthyidez
Nemichthys...

SCOlOPACCUS Ph eemee ease eee eee er eect
IN Gad WKS 6 aa aoanogosboo oo Ss oubESosSoacHecaaceMseoses

WAIPLENSIS Vee eee eerie eee serie tise
meocaledonica, sizer. -e-eeeae eee eee eee eee Cee rere
neoguinaicus, Anampses....-...-...--.---.------------
neo-guinaicus, Congrellus.....-.-...-..---.------------
Neopercis....-

TOSCOVILIGIS: -eiyesee eee eee saoeeeee eee eee
neophytus, Rhinogobius.
Neoscopelus

ING OsudISS 32-2 em

| Nesiotes....----

purpuresecns
nesiotes, Carcharias. -

nexilis, Antennarius.....-
nicobariensis, Holacanthus.

niger, Antennarius.......-
Balistes. .
Iniistius-
Lutianus......-.
nigricans, Pomacentru
Cantherines -
Hepatus....
Pharopteryx.
nigrifrons, Abudefduf. -.
nigripinnis, Amia......-
nigropinnatus, Cheilinus. -
nigropunctatus, Tetraodon. ...-.
nigrostriolatus, Microbuglossus.
nigrum, Nannobrachium......

| nimbarius, Zalarges.......---.-----

nitens, Monacanthus..........---

niveilatus, Xyrichthys........-.--

Notacanthide..........-.-.-.-.--

INOLEKE MOTHS Wales snsaudsuounkoRaboSeadoaseqsace
MO SelOVilnpeyafayeyatnieseteraletae eter

| notophthalmus, Halichoeres.......-..-------------+---

| nuchalis, Sebastapistes.........-.-.-.-.----------

ROM ACENULUS \\<fe lal aren niet = else
notopsis, Platyglossus........-...---------------------
notospila, Vaimosa.....-....--.------------------->---
NovaculichthySieeerre- ees s-eeeeeeere eee ee eee eee

Kkallosomustsese ese eeeee rere eal
macrolepidotus-.-...---------2-------

LES TOES So as doodcossseagoascscaRnEacoc E

nove-caledoniz, Sparus.......-..-.-------------------

novee-guines, Amia...........-.-----------------------
(Chime sagas doowoasossoouuQnsoeacosanes
Rhombatractus..........-..--=------
Scorpeenopsis....-..-----------------
SebaAStOpsisme erties er

novemfasciata, AMia......-.--.--------->---

nuchipunctatus, Callyodon.....-.--.-------------
nudifrons;,Dio0d ON Sa. acess eee eee
Mudumesbestidiumereces st se-eeeses tere
nummifer, Antennarius...........-.-------------------

nuttingi, Gymnothorax
Polyipnus. ---

nycteris, Balistes.-...
oahuensis, Ostracion. .-
Canthigaster. -

obesus, Trizenodon....-
obliquatus, Macrourus.
obliquus, Petroscirtes. -
oblongus, Caranx...-
Spheroides. -

obscura, Anguilla...
Echidna
obscurus, Euelatichthys
Leiognathus

obtusata, Sphyrzna. -.
Obtusicepss Garamsxcee eee mentee ase sete sete eeelae ele etal
oceanicus, Rhinoscopelus
Spheroides. -

Oceanopse.--------
latovittata ..
ocellata, Pogonoperca. . -
ocellatum, Hemiscyllium. -
Tetrabrachium .

ocellatus, Callyodon
Pseudorhombus.-

ocellaris, Awaous
octotenia, Pseudocheilinus. .
Odontanthias

oire, Balistapus. -.
oligacanthus, Paracanthistius
oligolepis, Cypsilurus.
Gobius....
Kelloggella
oligostictus, Siganus.
olivaceus, Hepatus. .
Lutianus.

onyx, Pomacentrus....
opercularis, Halichceres. -
Holocentrus-
Ophichthyide
Ophiocara

aporos
cantoris...
macrolepidota
porocephala. .
ophthalmonemus, Pselaphias.
Oplopomus=2e-e---=2 == =

oplopomus
oplopomus, Oplopomns. .
ophryas, Tetraodon....
Opsanus

dubius.
Optonurusse--ea-2-) =
atherodon
orbicularis, Amia....
Platax

oreint Taractes...
Orectolobus. ..........-
barbatus. ..
dasypogon..
orientalis, Cepnalacanthus.
Piectorhynehus.
ornatissimus, Chztodon.

Halichceres
ornatum, Ostracion..-.
Orna tus) GODS ecto jainceire acne sie sone wea cccee eaeen eels

XXI

Page.

OTN AtUS; eC DTINUS yates sleet eee te ale eee a let at 270
Osbeckiaeerrssss ee 366
liturosa- 367

Scripta -jceesoe ee ceele Oe ee eee eae cei. 366
Osopsaron.. .....- 414
incisum. 414
Ostichthys. - 223
pillway 223
Ostraciide......-.. 367
Ostracion= ==. -ss-----= 367
lentiginosum 367
nasus..---.- 367
oahuensis. 367
ornatum.. 367

sebee....- 367
tuberculatum. 367

Osuruge te eee 44
schauinslandi-. -.. 414
otaheitensis, Anguilla. - 192
otaitensis, Platycephalus 380
oualensis, Pempheris. - - - 236
ovalis, Chromis.....- 292
ovatus, Trachinotus. 235
oviceps, Callyodon....- 321
oxycephalus, Cheilinus- 310
Cirrhitus. 278

Verreo-.- 293,

Oxy mMonacan thus sseseese sees eee ee ee eee 365
longirostris. - 365

oxyrhynchus, Cheilinus 310
Terapon. 266
pachycentron, Epinephelus 259
Pachymetopon......-..-- 271
squamosum . 271

pacificus, Diplophos...-...- 190
Gomphosus.... 307
Hemiramphus. 207

pallidus, Abudefduf....-. 286
palpebratus, Anomalops- 236
palucaiCallyod onteeecae-e ee ta eee ee 319
pantherinuswelatopncySea— ese eee eee eae aaa 412
PLpiliO PReL ASUS eens et eee erence ree ener aes 215
papilionaceus, Halichceres. 303
papillosa, Liza.......-....- 218
papua, Canthigaster. . 372
papuanus, Amblygobius 406
papuensis, Amphiprion 279
Balistapus. . 363
Callyodon. 323

Caranx... 232

Corica. 186

Coris tere 308
Gobiichthys. 407
Tehthyocampus=eeracae eee eee eee 215
Lethrinus.... 270
Plectorhynchus=ysscee ence ea eee eee 268
Priopis...-. 255
Uranoscopu 414

PST ACA TOD SULTS Serres pet teretat ere ei erete re doce. ndddenaso 256
maculatus. . 256

256

278

GCE Be cc acaacapsnuossuooocdobodgsocorias 278

CINCDUS Setateyajatslaeieleia elo tenis avec 278

TONE enc ocensobnsceacefoerecandoscsEonn 278

ENN SUICUUS Sa enn sent eee tae 278

MelBNOPUSE Reena nemovcce meas ieee nee 278

Ol AMTOR ap ASesGrcemaonosdson cheseosee 278

XXII INDEX.
Page Page.
Waracirrhites punctatus. -2-\.--is asec eee ee eee eres 278 | periophthalmoides, Hypleurocheilus...............-- y~ A21
sparadisseus,Wabroides.. 2c ccccee- snseeclecemecee ee eee 2930) Meeri Ophthal muUssyttj--/-1s' ties eee eee eee eee sere ee 393
Paragobiodon.....). 222s sa fades eae eee ee eee 396, barbarus sss etc eegae eee eee eee 393
echinocephalus) ces scseeecneeeneeeene 397) perlophthalmus;-Allticuseeseseeserenseee eee eee eee 422
xXanthosomustaecsee sees eee eee eae 397 | Peristediide. . 381
iParalepid ejay ae tyes 190 | Peristedion 381
Paraluteres. . 366 381
prionurus.... -- 366 381
Paramia, 22 \eces ese eee ee eee eee 252 lionhynchuseereeeeee see eee een e eee eeeee 381
MACTOd Onsee eres eee Reta eee eee Vepedeuce 252) spermutatus,,HeniochUs=e-eeeneree aes eeee eee eee 346
qQuinquelineatats- seca eeen ee eee eee ee eens 252| || sperspicillatus, Callyodon22o-ss-e-0.-a-cnisn eect eeceeeee 322
truncata ce Aas cee ae NIN Ea Be 252) |DeTOSi eM pr ilterely seals ete) rea sets eae tee tea 217
Para pegasSus!s a2 eee ee ee See hese 2150 epetelliGymnothoraxssesceeteeeree res eee eee eee 197
natans. OV5y |epetimbaymistulanigecsseeeeseee erat eeeeTeeee eee eee nee 211
Parapercis.-.-- <2. .2--+ 414 | Petroscirtes.......... 431
alboguttata.......... 414 atrodorsalis......- 433,
hexophthalma......- -. 414 @Zureus.---- 22-2... see) 1482)
tetracanthuspeeeessesesee sateen eres rereee 414 OY aaebsoausodssousooscoadadssGance 433
xKanthozomar-crevscner eet eee eee eee 414 HhlamentOsussesse eee eee eee eee eee ee eeeee 431
parasitus, CaranxXe sae cee ose eee 232 [ATE he oempasaaome cobaaoodoscaancassmooeS 434
Pardachiruss se eye serie ere tion era ae cy nd 413 STAM MIsStes see aec ey eee ee eee 432
pavoninus. 413 lineolatustersss nee heeee ee eee ee ee ee eeeee 433
pardalis, Leptojulis..-..-.-. 298 longifilis. . 431
pardochir, Enneapterygius. on | Cle « obliquus..-.... 434
Parexocestusesisiz 22. k Vat oh socom nest sreese ne OL Ciel 208 rhynorhynchus..........-....-- 432
brachyterus. ...- alatceveet jee tre ene eee cceieee 208 Semilineatustepecereseeee cece 5 CBR
brevipinnis...-. | COGSkC CARH oS do SHES SBaEesE 208 (ESOS oobuaenccdbconasddocbaashoucsobe 432
TOSEIATUSH selec toa e eet ee eames 208 (tapeinoSOM aoe seee see eee eee eee ee eeneee 432
parvidens, Lutianus. . 263 SCRE Ss po coucddoosdanobascdobeocopascoobeS 433
My rip riStiSeace secheeeceeeeriee rere coaicciees 222) ep hugeri,)Mulloidessac-ase-eeseencene cece toece er enee 277
parvipinnis, Jordanicus... 435 | phaenna, Heterelevtris- - <5 393
Malacanthus...-.-.-...- 277 | phalena, Amblygobius. - See 405)
Sebastopsis.-.2.5-2-2-.- .. $74 | Pharopteryx..5. .....- See 260)
paucidens Ue Rusher see see e remem eee eas cesar 236, UNTER SS oppo baSasonqossaaESedoussoasenGanS 261
pauciradiatus, CubicepS meee eestor cesses 235 MIPTICANS Fe fo see serosa se eee eee 260
Paulus Salariasksecpese yey eee eer aeeey eee ener 431 | phekadopleura, Stethojulis................2...2-.2.... 297
TOY INOMEVT INTs coo cba beccoondoasoadeuspocodessS 279) |\ephoreys Carchariastene-seseeee-eecresecisee eee reece eee 182
pavonina, Murena.- 197 | Phtheirichthys.....-. 411
pavoninus, Iniistius-. 312 lineatus. 411
Pardachirus -- 413 | pica, Plectorhynchus.... a. Dake
IEE Eom nWBitb dogo Aon nBeaBEBedaccAcsacpeeaadeeHacaae 215 | pictus, Gymnothorax........- . 198
TREEEISIIS)s Goaetogo oobeosuoHoboE bpacobodseDbbueHonEDs ake euueolo Gymnothorax........... 200
{oEV oI Na SoonacccdoshobeconoceRsdosaooousbceBeNN 215 Min OU Se pyecreretstar alate en ee ean eee eee 378
VOlitANS ese see seiaseee hemes heen wines 215 Spilotich'thiysm-etce--seosccee see eee ee eee eee 268
pelagicus, Am phioxides eer eyey lero selatsiieleyel=tele)alerelclsrerciare TED PIA oop oas dap seonaquarsouscaandaaduanocsoycodcosoonds 255
pelamisinGiyinn OSATO Aas. we eae eee eer eee herrea 0a ete 228 WOO Pp sotoescanusosaqeuEd bodsuobnesdqoosseacanceG 255
Pelecanichthys.......... 413 | pillwaxi, Ostichthys.... 223
crumenalis- 413 | pinguis, Bascamichthys.............-.. -.. - 194
pelewensis, Chzetodon..... .. 339 | pimnatus, Platax........ SAS sso) SBR
pelluciduswAlseraggodest: sscee sense tse ee 413) pinnulatusy:D ecaptenusens-mesccemenee aeraeeeeeec rane 229
Peloropsis.......-- FREES SAR UG EE SCOSEeSeuRO ERS coeReeTet 379 MrachelochismuSs sss cee eese ee eee ee 434
(N01 scbossoscos Bade Ca ees Air Seay OA. I 379)41| pisang\CesiOn secs secs ace oe ecco eee Deo 266
‘Pem pherid sh: -py seers css ase eee ee eee 236) | jplagiometopon\ Aibudefdutz. 3024-2. - 5-2 eee 286
Pemphexrisioualensisisiesertneeere reer eee eee 236 | planiceps, Mugil 217
Vanicolensisn jssse eee eerie 236) |e & CA wetateia-reteterster= 335
penicilligerus, Cheetodermis...- 365 orbicularis 335
pentadactylus. Hemipteronotus. 311 pinnatus 336
Pentapuspwarertecscccisee cece bb S209) i 335
CAIUS ee eet eel ee ny rear 269 s|mplatessa,, Caranwees erst ee ces eraser ceteee eter reeacae 232
Wit baits seis eee ean eee SH 269)) | platodon;.Callly od OM\jee erp eretsisa=lfeeisteis lee slater fale eae 315
pepo’ Cally odon ee scm nace eisai ence eeeneee elect SP} | JO ENO NA occ pobaccosucsbo0-acboosesd eNOS AS scot esele 412
Percophidideer ane sae eeeasie eee terieatraciseee eee cise 414 chloros pllUuSHe eee meer caesar eee aaa 412
percula, Amphiprion. . 279 inermis... - 412
perditio, Lepidaplois...... 293 mancus........-. 412
perideraion, Amphiprion. 279 pantherinus. .-.. coal elie
Periophthaimodon 394) pplatophrys;;Hoplichthysp-eeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeereereeee 380
3947 |elatycephalidees scence science eee se ciesieeiceiee ener caeeere 380
O47 eB laty cephalus se vasecnieciecdectaciece cic einceieteret eee 380

INDEX.

Platycephalus isacanthus...-.2.-2-e--2-ccceeeseeccsses 380
nematophthalmus=.22--(-2 = eel e e 380

Otaitensise. . 20-25 sc ace-ceeecescne Aacoce 380

DUNCTA TUS tame aenecieeeeeeeaeeeeiee 380

(CWO Rosadeaadasocasedoanenocccacsonescos 380

serratus... 380

UOMUEMIER Sam Soe pdosaoonecbosmensascos 380

variolosus. . 380
Platyglossuste.e-e ese See ee 299
flos-coralliseaeee seem sce PED)

Noevenies accom ee eee eee cece 300

marginatus? =o. cesses aceeeeee eeecee 299

MOLOPSIS= eS - ee ose eee ae eee eee eee 299

platyura, Belone se 2s -ce enn eee eee eae 206
plebeius, Polydactylus- 219
plebejus, Chetodon.. 345
Plectorhynchuss-sseess-eeeeeee = iN
cheetod onoidesseea= = eee eee seen 267

GIES ORT EAS poampnccoprocconnecacboces 267

piganteus msc oa- ssc cones eee 267

DEA ECO Nb scm cicomasesmeconscananoncen 268

orientalis... . 267

papuensis 265

DICaa eee 267
polyteniais.2-2ee2 2. haere c ee eee 267
punctatissimuseae sees ee aan eee 267

TAC) Bet ee ous ee ree aap ee ae 267

Plectropenium esse scecssee aa sneer ee eae cee ee aes 378
nanum. . 378
Plectropomus......-.-- pe 255)
ealearifer 5). Pa
Pleuronectid seeeenecm ate eae eee 412
pleurospilos,/Pseudupeneuso-- oe -- <= eaten 276
pleurostigma, Pseudupeneus..........-.-.-.-.-.-----.- 276
pleurotenia,|Carchariasta- se. sesenes eee eee seas). 1182
IMicrophisee-p meee e ae eae eee eens 214
MlicatellussvAtteleopusseerere ocee eee ee sae eee aan 436
plicatilis, Agonostomus.. 218
Plotosidceteee eee eacse 191
Plotosusese eee 191
Plotosus@neuillariseese=t see see eee eeeerecen eee cees ate 191
plumbeus\Caranxs eee eee eee aerate eet 233
Poecilopsettate wes aaa snare cscs eos eeeeee Pn ae ic 2 413
Naw allen sis eeeteree ree ee yeaa epee 413
moecilopteris;) Gy OSI Wns sprerteter tetera a see 210
Moecilus;ealich canes sapere aerate estas eeta le teereraaate atest eee 302
poeti, Xystaema.... 272
TROP ONO Per Chere ae lee eee eet 260
Ocell atelier crete estate saree resets eee 200)
polyacanthus, Acanthochromis.............---...-.... 292
PSCUdOP TAIN Ae ees eee ene eee 277

Roly daetyl US teptceteteie tease ectise ae ee eee eee 219
plebelustia. sass eee ence aoe eee 219
sexfilis.....-- 219
polygonifera, Nematoprora. . 194
RolyipnusSeqeeree emer -- 190
MUttine ieee ase Pocecnnodoascspasoned 190
polyophthalmus, Gymnothorax.................--...- 199
Microdonophiss==-eeesaseeeae aan ese 194

I WRT GEs oo eenepcodconcoosances ict eeoeesemecccecces 219
Polymixia.......- 219
berndti. 219
Polynemide........ Se eA)
polymnus, Amphiprion...........-..--.---- ssebeeasone 278
polystictus; aracirrhitess oc... .--s25 sce eee == 278
polytenia, Plectorhynchus................-.--.------- 267
polyuranodon, Gymnothorax...........-.-...-.---.--- 200
MO] Y ZOD a CHIC Wi eleyater eters eae ec 203

Pomacentride

Pomacentrus. -
albofasciatus.
amboinensiseeesscesee ee seeeeeee
analistwec tac soo eee eee eee

cyanomus.
devisi...
eclipticus. -
inOrMa cusses eee
jenkinsives=see=oseeee
littoralis
lividus
melanopterus
nigricans

prosopotenia
semifasciatus

omadasiseeess-eeee ease

pondicerrianum, Rachycentron
Pontinus

porocephala, Ophiocara. - -
porphyreus, Pseudupeneus.
pralinius, Myripristis......-
prasiognathus, Callyodon.....
prasites, Eviota®.--.-.-..--.- 2
praslin;-Holocentrussee= eee ee eee eee eee eee
SPAT CNT S Risa srala Sars te atta ate teers ee TT ME

pricei, Monacanthus-

Prionace=<---------

EYED Se or co ciacesiscne bane He bconeia=boccdariens

(OWA Gocese ceecbbescod ceo =cecoacescocnnes
pristige>, Insidiator--.-.-
pristilepis, Dasyscopelus. -
sroboscidea, Aldrovandia. ...
prometheus, Promethichthys..........
Promethichthyseseeeeesee sae eae

IOWANS poonsoondsoceneSeS Sn aeS codsscrcbescae

alcocki.
pronus, Callyodon
propinquus, Macrourus.....
proridens, Chlorophthalmus. .
prorigera, Chascanopsetta.... =
prosopotenia, Pomacentrus......-......-.......-...--
UU NOSA VO Ulesemeiaea sete tees ee ae eee eae
sal ion pochid nies eee === aon eeeeeee ea ae oes

XXIV

psegma, Canthigaster
Pselaphias

ophthalmonemu
T2SONGSU He eeabenasnarsaagedaeaaacbassopasesacasaDcscosaS 235
javanicus.....-------------------++-------- +--+ 235
Tek Gt Samanesasacoreosoocnsassdecésoseodsas os 235
TEGIGE NEI ape aasansascoconssamecsdueenecosoaes 260
hypselosomus. 260
kelloggi - - 260
mortoni. . 260
Pseudapocryptes..------------------+----+------------- 407
Janceolatustec-eseeaaereee eee eae rr 407
PUNCtUlAG UM = eee wae eee eerie 408
Pseudocheilinus...-..-..-...-------. a Aa cele ae eet ieteler 310
CVvanidusieseer rere neet ieee ee nee ee 311
hexabeen awe eee eee eee 311
octotzenia. 310
Pseudochromide..--.-.----.------------+++--++++----- 277
IPseudochromlismeemes see eee eee eee Pee ee eerie 277
LUSCUSSaae cae ene eee eee eee ee asta 277
seudogobiod on ee cece anne sa= tee eerie aan eee 410
(ind U ester acasaccesdssosckeoaseReD 410
AARC A Rossebossodencocmaqunaeeces 410
Pseudogramma 277
polyacanthuistep sre rese se sate sys 277
Pseudojulis....------------ 303
cerasina 203
Pseudolabrus....---------- 294
: unilineatus 294
12} (oko) doy salle, Ga Seance ccosecnerensacsscocseeenEean 412
SUCHUIATUS eee eeeee eran eee 412
locell atu Sheeeee erect eee nt ae 412
triocellatusmanp peer escsne beecee ear 412
Ie vale Cul An ean oobcodnodsdaesocccouuedaebEnceroses 273
AELOCIN SULATUS mses mesayalseee sees steelers 274
DAGDerINOIdeS eee ste aeee eee sae 276
barberinus.. 276
bifasciatus - . 274
chryserydros. occ eee 5)
ChrySONeMUSHeepssecceeessee sess e eee 275
CREASE IE. oop ossaconsesuacesusorescada 275
CyClOSTOMUSEse eee eee eree a rect aeieee 275
filam entOSU Speer tear eee reine lale 276
iraterculusses-eeeerceee ence ee se aceeos 275
ThGhb ees schoonecotaununcsondseusadtanes 276
moana.... 274
multifasciatus - 273
pleurospilos. --. 276
pleurostigma eet 76)
DOLPHY LeU See eee eee tee See sae eee 275
preorbitalisheeecertercee seers sects 276
SATOrd ieee cee eecee eee Sees eeee 275
semifasciatustecee-eeeerrece eeecene se 275
teeniatUsee eee ter eeeeseee eet ses eects 275
Pterocesio 265,
265
PteEroiseeeemee 379
olitans 379
olga d 6 ceaseccococonttoancoudooudcobacaaousane 379
ito CRAs osbrenccecseauSconosebSsncaqsaoccoD 379
NAWMIP ARG on cok pp oateoouasacecUconScSacgagusouas 379
Pterophryne.......--. 438
histhlozeeeeeecee 438
pterophthalmus, Anampses. ene 296
Pteropsanidses\vecs--cicereseee ear Pens ATU ee es 414
MUlellUSHSISAMU Sees sai ela /alelels areletclelale mevetstate telstesrieietoestatstas 359
pUPMANSHSICYOPLELUS > jean eeeeeees cee eee 410
pulchellus).Callyod one sooo 5 oe astnie vias toleeisieieia= te 326

Page
pulchellus}{Chellintis2emeers sess eer ee eee eee eae 308
Owe Sneha AMINED Syde cascosanansoseaeqackoanoHscesous 304
PunctatasDrepanes sets a yee eeee rete eee eaee eee eeere 335
punctatissimus, Holocentrus...........-.......-...2.- 224
iPlectoshiynchusieeeesssseeeee eee ee 267
punctatofasciatus, Chetodon.-...-.--...-.---.----...- 343,
punctatum; Whalassomaeessss esses esses eee 306
Xystema...- 272
punctatus, Aetobatus. .- 185
Paracirrhites. . 278
Platycephalus 380
Siganus 360
punctularum, Pseudapocryptes.........-...-.--...--.- 408
punctulatus)Cantherinese= so 2 tse se aren eee eas 364
puntang cides Me xyirigSoe ee epeacla-e eee eee 405
purpurea wANChOvia esses ee cee eee eee eee ee 187
purpurescens, Chimera. - 185
Nesiotes. -- 293
Seriola .. -- 229
PUTpUTeUIM hha assomapeeseer ester eee seee eee eeee 305
puUEpureus; Cally od one es- sae eesee eee e ee rene 316
Duta; Merapons eee ce eeseee neee cee heen eee eae 266
HONS ORE ISIE OW ALE yan chonadaacobbenccoucesodsesdsccuec 350
pyrrhostethus; Callyodone eee 2eees-esse nese eeeeeee 828
DyrnbuTcus. Cally odonie sess sees eee ee ee eee eee eee 314
quadrimaculatus, Chetodon. 345
quesita, Rhinamurena- 196
Querimanass aes 218)
erenilabisetsescse heer ee eee eee erate 218
quernus; Epinepheluss-sss--- sees ease cee ee eee eee 259
quindecimradiatus, Cypsilurus.......-.-...-..----2--- 210
quinquelineata wharamidercsececeeces cee 252
quoyi, Cally odontess= sere seer rosea nee eee ee neers 322
Heminamphussaciseeo eee eee ene e ra 207
Platycephalus- 380
Rachycentride Nae 236
Rachycentrones-.-s53----- ao. sli)
pondicerrianumeece sess ee eee eee eee 286
Madi gtarsktCnOls eerste esata ee eee aaa 379
rad) awblectornhynchulstewses cess eeeeeat ease eee 267
TAG Ula MeenlOpSeLtaAeetie seme ei eee eee ee 413
rafiesi,;Chzetodonka- so-so sense see eaeen eee ree eae 339
DANG ILC WNT S oaepesnesaocsdntassooascosusossaeooh 269
Ranzania.....-. 373
MAU alec ee 373
rectangulus, Balistapus. 363
TES a VAMP S See eee selaee eee ee eee ee eee eer sare 227
Meg ulaniswC aan xe eee ee ss ee eee sae ee aie see eet 232
|iemigersSetarchess-mmseesesemetacee =o seeeeeeoecee ae 377
TeMOra we ChenelSeeeeeeesa- Ele eeen ete eects 411
Riemorin ae se eats ie eee see eee eee epee eet 412
albescens 2 fos oy ase eens eee ee 412
Remoropsis..--..------- ~ 412
brachyptera. 412
renardi, Stethojulis...... -. 296
reticularis; hetnaod Oma. pj etcscsassee eee aes 369
reticulatus,,Chetod one) js-iao soci eee ieee 341
Dascylluseanate sees see at osc eee eee 290
retifera, Elalieutec ais mis tresateee secon ain sels eels 439
AUDI AMUN ES Be eyapaya terse sara ete lela otata esata) el ata ete eree 195
Cloliihulila sn oapacsbaocquabsaoseecBkocuneces 196
queesita - 196
Rhinobatidz.- - 183
Rhinobatus.......-- 183
J ONAN ae et oes a eee eee eee eee 183
SraNulavusasteceieeeeeeescstsee eee eee 183
thouini!asss jaca. Saeco ene ee 183
RUHINOGODIUS ky yey eee seals sleet eaiei ae eteeerte eet 400

INDEX. xxV

Page. | Page.

Rhinogobius circumspectus........--------- A00n mSalariasihassel tienes assesses ease eee eae = 430
COnallinuis sere eee ee - 400 | holomelas. 431

PMT SCAG UN eee a aes 401 lineatustes = sacseace bee eee eae = 426
mebulosus@eee=san2=— seeeseae 401 MALCUSsees so poe aee eae ee Oe eee eee ee 431

MCOPNYLUSsae eee eases ees 400 meleagris. - 429

RH INOSCO Del S Besar eee eater - 189 paulus.... 431
OCeS ICUS Sse ee ane == 189 rivulatus.. 429

Ri Zoiketicusseeee se eee eee - 485 sertatus... 426
carolinensis......-.--- - 435 | Sind ONS Seema eee sere eee 427

rhodadenia, Cyclothone.....----- 190 ZODLB «2-2 3-90 3 nn nnn ne ne enna 426
rhodocephalus, Gymnothorax..... AWA) ENCES INO oe ooemee bore pcrecee nsec snstecegsotsese 421
rhodochir, Lamonema.....-...----- - 486 | Samariscus-..-.-.-.--- 2-2-2202 2-522 so cieinie neneiene n ee 413
Rhombatractus......-.------------ = §)216 COrallinuss=-es- sess a- See ene 413
goldiei....-..- 2168 | esamimaraHolocen truss =crmceece sec e see aeeeeeeeeeee 227

noveguinee ...- 216 | Samoan fishes known prior to 1902, list........-...---- 178
rubrostriatus. .. 216 | SNe We SDECICS NS toes aeeleee tates atelier 179

rhombeum, Zebrasoma...-- Sy EGODm | ESADIOCDSIS MMU OIG CS sem accent stasceere ae eee ene 27
Rhyacichthyide....-.-------- - 415 | sanctipetri, Scomberoides.-.....-.-.-..------.-.....--. 229
Rhyacichthys=----------<----- edalou esandvicensis silepatusberis-= na ceeeee sees eee aeeeeeiae 354
ASPLOMeee eae 415 IKiyphosus sje 0k. eke se oa cata eee sere 271
rhynorhynchus, Petroscirtes . 432 | sandwichensis, Antennarius................--..-.----- 43
rivulatus, Gobiodon......-- - 409 | Galo tom Seen see eee an eee eee 313
Lutianus....... oly) (Camtherines bree serecicceses cee eset 364
Salarias....- 429 | Wleotrise ee shee cece hose hiseeaeeeecee 383
Xanthichthys - 363 | Gomphosusiepecr-eee eee eee aee eee eee 308
Rooseveltia.......-------- = 22650)|\psangiensis; Amant oes ee sanaceceee eee aeeeee sane 244
aloha... ..-. - 265 | sanguineus, Myripristis dese F221)
brighami 265 | WG COUN. a caemscosecossstede soeeecrca soe 293
rosea, Coris..-------- SOS ES ard aici nt core ee Meas eC ER Es eee 228
roseiceps, Callyodon.... $22 Chilensise</.ct cosa sacs oeut kee eee see eae 228
rosenbergi, Amphiprion. 2791 MiSardinel lacie seek aoe ieee cae tN ee eee ae ee 186
roseoviridis, Neopercis. - 414 Sinm sess SGohas. stan stisoueee eee eee es eee 186
roseum, Bembradium. tie SOON Se urida tecnico. eene cece oem ee eee eae c Cease 189
roseus, Cheilinus..... 310 | BUACH ISS? xm) siecle SP Le eee ce A 189
Cristiceps.... 420 | ecandisquamisespeee ees ee ee 189
Holotrachys. 223 tum bile. spss . 189
Lutianus..... = 92628 |"saurus pllopseess-eeerice - 18
rostratum, Zebrasoma. - 356 | sausaulele, Dendrochirus 378
rostratus, Parexoccetus - 2 - 208 | Sauvagea...---.- 420
Siganus......-- - 360 caledonica . 420
rotundatus, Canthidermis - 3863 savayensis, Amia-- 239
rubens, Lutianus......-.- - 264 saxatilis, Abudefduf- 285
ruber, Holocentrus. . 225 scabra, Sebastopsis 374
Nemipterus. .- 265 | Scseops..-..-.--.--- 412
ruberrimus, Callyodon. - 5 GG spilura. = 412
rubrofuscus, Antennarius. ...- - 438 xenandrus... 412
rubrostriatus, Rhombatractus. 216 | scapularis, Halichceres Sese ChY)
rubrovinctus, Callionymus... 415 | Searichthyide......- 55 HW
rufescens, Helicolenus. 378 | Scarichthys-.---..- So.
rufolineatus, Lutianus. 263 UEOUSee eee eee s- i312
rupestris, Kuhlia.. 255 ceruleopunctatus. zee ol2)
ruscosum, Centroscy 183i) ¢Scaridea=-sssmeestenseseee ease - 313
russelli, Lutianus- - 264 balia.. 313
Trachinotus. 235 aerosa.. ols
Ruvettus.......-.- - 228 zonarcha....- = hb
pretiosus... - 228 | sceleratus, Spheroides- 368

saffordi, Pseudupeneus. - - 275 | schauinslandi, Osurus... - 414
sagitta, Vitreola..... - 393 | Schedophilus..............-. - (236
Salarias..... 5 e426 medusophagus Ee 236)
atkinsoni - 428 | schlegeli, Caprodon......... ene O0:
atratus... - 431 Erythrichthys. . -- 266
biseriatus- 427 | schlemmeri Lactoria......... -- 9368
bryani.... 430 | schlosser!, Periophthalmodon. . 304)
edentulus. 429) | schwanefeldi, Thalassoma@.<. 2... 2... cece reno nee 307
fasciatus. 427 | sciera, Dasyatis........ BORA DRE IS AC OCeCaOOOO 183
garmani. A20n scl atentinGobiomonpnusentqsaaem-eice ase tee aceite cre 384

gilberti . 431 | scolopaceus, Nemichthys Sti aidew sme sca eau eer 193

POM eds dc caasssegatandecicncr sescoosecascousede AST SCOLO TSS tretate ictetetetelsinialptarstetetetersiciei= ale (aletsista' = alaiatoteteraetesiek eels 268

XXVI INDEX.
Tage. Page.
Scolopsis affinis......-....--------------2-----+-2-0-25- Semeion; Cheetodonese se sees eee sate ee cree ee emer 343
Dilimestay 2 2-2 = slela sara) ale = eo aleeitatatel=teletel=l=yatar semicinctus, Leiuranus - ---- 194
Cancella tances sec saree arene ae eat terel Amblygobius.........---. 405
CUE aes nborbancoendoudesseouspeessecassodeda Dutianus\ se oss... <n -eee 263
ett eis ae REE oaeSpDonLocaoopoucchsocoLoG semicirculatus, Holacanthus 349
macrophthalmuspe eee tee reece esc eareece ert semidiscus, Hologymnosus.-.....-.-.-.--.-----:------ 304
margaritifera ..... Psoodeuadcsnebbocdecdapcbce semidoliatus, Zonogobius.............----------------- 397
TMONOSTAM IM Aee eee eset cece seis aetl re teerate semifasciatus, Pomacentrus.......-..-...------------- 281
TOM POLALliISayecieisetiwieeis ese el eet ee yl ltalar IP SCUGUPEM CUS arenes pester elalatel=tetelre 275
trilineatays ie nee oie eee ia ie ain inle nent sfalnimsin ne semilineatus, Petroscirtes............-...-..---.------ 433
xenochrouS. ..---.--------+--+-------------+--- seminudus sventipesmecs a cere eeecciee eens eee 411
Scomber . 222222050. 5-2 cmc 5-22 nee een nn m= wel aminin sini semipunctatus, Asterropterix................-.------- 385
CHLYSOZONUS sere selec te eee ret eta tale taser Sentipellisiraconuruste - eee seee- teeter eee 437
JAPONICUS =) 2) )2)= 2am ae real lg eeie 2 === all sephen} sry polophustye seer ate see incee sees neeE eer 155
100... -.-.- 2-2-2 22222 22s e eee eee eee eee septemfasciatus, Abudefduf........-........---------- 285
microlepidotus ce eer eceee sere eee tl Serigla see ai ee SS Ree eae De eee 229
Scomberoides .......-----------------------------+----- PULDUTeScCenS =e eee erase eee eee eee eeee cree 229
IWAN Ss a senddcouscudsSseaseuonscs=adeos5 GeO Seacsassecsssoucsesenosnssscucosbbacusces 229
Sancbipeullicr se ceceee eee ee eee ee eee Serranid ess hee nner Sees eee eee eee eee 255
tolooparalvecssce eres eens eeeal SCrratasHiStulaniges seer ee sees eee eee nee eee eee ae 211
Scomberomorus er -eeescclen eee teeter ee eee etl serratus; Platycephalus-s- 22. --ss-oseeeeee seeieinsnee 380
commersoni..----=-----------------=- NCLTLVOME Leer ec eee erate ec ere nena ae eee seer eet= 194
Rican S HOE 550 sdaSude Sanegeseoedsoclenscboossoadsnaseer DOAN ee ae Lace Rccenaes eee Peo 194
scopas, AManseS.........------------------=-+----+----- Sertatusesaloriaswecesscerer eects meister ete 426
Scorpena Setarch ests eereece ee ee ore ese seater ete elelen eerie 377
fKOWEMRS Soca donenacudadoecoobaocensoopaccacs 377
Scorpeenide... MNOS pe cHosenacaseoscons Aeetieaeee 377
Scorpnopsis - SetiterCheetodonrereteeet eee eee Enea tree eer eee eee 338
altirostris...---.--2-2-----2-5----------- sexfasciatusm Caran xeseraeee ree eeer erases eee r cert 231
CHC TE So coodbossdossosacadoaaHbsccogecs BW pinephelusteerr sees ee ese reer 259
GUGINO 5 coabecomodotdencososgmcoonsaauden IEE WIS. SoccnopeocscqcnanadsosencaosseD 264
FAO. seackdccecoocsbcoopEsecedsodenca Sextilis MPRolyGactyluseesse see meemeeieeee seam erierie 219
NOVe&-guinewe .....-----.----------------- sexlineatus, Grammistes. . 260
EVAL RIOT SS 5 eccoscooouasousasenoscee Terapon.......-- 266
Scorpid®......-.----- +--+ + +++ 2222222222 ese recess sexmaculatus, Cephalopholis...............-..-------- 258
scratchleyi, Anchovia....--..--------------------+----- Sicyopterus tees eee teen nee eer eee essere ee eee enter 410
scripta, Osbeckia . ..-...---------------------+-+------- alboteniatus. 410
sculptus, Microphis.-..-...---.------------------------- pugnans. ....- 410
Scuticaria.....-.----------------+------ +--+ +++ ++ +-e+--+- stimpsoni.. 410
WEA eeepc bsoosenceodcodssurauonn cone seol5 GOST TUS 2 ere eat erate 410
Scylliorhinide .......- tau 410
scythrops, Holocentrus....--.-.-.-.-----------+------+- GOAT Teresa eascnubessbuacansseoncesesoosocoungsoc 192
sealei, Alticus.....-.- Riis coadonsaeoseseeebeuccosadonaksonboquposzapaDce 359
Corythroichthys. -- Siganushe sere essa see cree etree eter ietitsttlietalantaat 359
sebze, Alticus ii. 2 -s--mciee EVECIMUADS nic cassosecadaodducsseseseouedponosS 360
OSstrachon ee err eereteeet ii canaliculatus . 360
Sebastapistes .....------------------ concatenatus. 359
albobrunneus. .....---- corallinus -..... 360
balllicuifeseeseseceee cc doliatus...... 359
CoE eodusbscecbdsanessabeseoakaecae fuscescens 360
(ONO oossoosodosoose sosenesnedueccean lineatuss2 sees 359
Comp Gesocccsotosdeoeshns suse2e6s905 marmoratus....-........:. 359
GEO. esachocdoseccrebcadauaznadsepse mebulosusmee sere tree eaee 359
galactacme...---.------2--..-2--------- oligostictus 360
NOTE se Sbnconosbacadcossd ee dggsdaa0 WONG. Scoscdnatossasdsoccn e scaescssoodSobes He. 359
lactale 2. 5. ose eae ele = =i olni= = DUDCtALUS pee nena eee er eee eee eerars 360
MUCH All Se ecrse eee SabocssoScuessaen TOStTAUUSHs ere ee eee rertt eeeeenee eee eee 360
Stlonugilsseeeseee see eee eeeee Cer Ceee eras SPUOU Ss Ssabonccsncdacoscdoncadacocsagssscus 359
(HTS co os addaotosaepsconossodsesegnocosce 377 RDC S ss cacodsdosnonesoegeoboscopcmnposaSooes 360-
Reo es HG Be cosn bong sonseoscaesoacenasmaccnosaaacgES 374 vitianus 360
SUAMENSIS Meese see eee eee ee eer 374 VOWS pons cossposicoe s=bagss0es08e5 a), 16a)
Kkellogeieemenere cease tee cee eeeececcers 74a esigniverlracu mG U Sheer cree tesa eel fale tetera etter 374
NOK EEN 6 paedosasucsskoucsoooascceaD CUD |! RiUeKrn Ey, SIME San Gee aoa sonaoscosuoeoopbononSbooUaoEUOr 277
DPALVIPMN See esse seer eect reece i Yel | SiMeTtNCED 5 ob ik eeoo cesoseoseccncsnoonasacoosonacosdcs 277
SOs Bonen ooeseouedodccooubeosacuadesa Si SUE) 585 Sapa Sonbbos cupoSodbop oan sdEonaboogdcodda5o ono 277
RAKE NAO he canccodsesodacond ede suSbesocotodscsoSeeD 390 (IMEMIES SE Sen done sob caocos pagnboscdbedadacucnoucosS 277
SEOIATION os sbsoesaqsdacseosscsucudsuusucapacasnedbecn secs 271 EXCUINIS eocnaseonesescosaocedsbsanconocasbasHuasd 277
CYA an cubateacoabesranacaundSoceceseqonaces 271 ANGI 235 = seenetoassbopnoccpopsoauacscaqga0oNS 277

INDEX.

Page.
Sila gost aM Bee cee cise eee eee aaa ee ences 277
simplicorniss Calliurichthys=.-e-2s-eeee=- === 415
simus, Cypsilurus..........-- 211
sindonis, Abudefduf 286

Salarias...
sinensis, Bostrychus
sirm, Sardinella
SiEREECITE, ION AOUD s on cha atopaeceoesSepaoepasseeaecon
SMIPHUTStlMeeclOgNAMUSe meses eee eee ane ee ee sete
snodgrassi, Sphyrena...-
snyderi, Amia.......
Calotomus .
Snyderidia........--
CIMA. Hoos socadpAbaconsasecadooosdequseonds

SOCLALIS We PIMEPHElU Settee sel cns eens eeciee see
solandrivAlcanthocybinumbeee eee e eee eee seeeeee eee
Canthigastenstreen ec erin cece memes ee a's
Cypsilurusieeer csc ec seceeeee se enemec ss
Soleichthyseaeeeescesee ee
heterorhinos --

CYANO PTLOMUS treteter oma minete einise aeeiainla = m= =

Solorensisn Cinchila bru Se eee seas eee ie

Halicheeres. -

sonnerati, Cephalopholis.

sordidus, Abudefduf.... Be

BlenniUs eee emacs eae eee aa

Methrinus! ss e-seo-sac-odec sc soo eesee esse:

sorrah, Carcharias. - - -

South Sea islands, classified list......................-
Sparidme eset etc once e ee

sparna, Seriola..

spatula, Netuma
SpeclOsusy Caran Xam emr sce cies e seiseeae ee ence ae
Speculigers Cypsilurussees eerste ee eee eee eee se oce
speculum, Chetodon..
Sphagebranchus............-
flavicaudus. . oS
Spheroidesseeersesmese eases eae eee Reece er aee
Morealisipee sere ac tere ence e eee

hy pselopenelonts sce eseree en aaeaee ee ae

RW EN SoS aaccéccocsosemanecsonsesenasco

oblongus...
oceanicus. -
Sceleratus 522 one eet oan sess e eka
sphexsPteroils eye ese eee ee eae e ee oa
sphinx, Amblygobius
Ssh) Wie ene se secre cc SOC Qse ere MSE ee ne Mena eneeatoeere

megalolepis
ODGUSM taffeta alate stan eee ee see eee
SOO TASS lneammenn see ee aaa eee
Sphyrenide ....-...

apilistiusseontinuse--. sees b esses er
SPUONO tAsPATACAN A meee se ieee see aaa eee ee

Stromateide.......

XXVIK

Page.

spilonotus; ‘Callyodonc.= .o-.ese ses sae ae eee esas 325
Spilosomus, Monacanthus. .--2.2-222ocscsccere-o-e= =< 366
WSpilotich th ysSeeees sass =. ees Sen eeeanne 268
CeDtUTIO Nee ss a5 268

pictus. - 268

spilura, Sceops.....- 412
spilurus, Callyodon- . - 334
| Symphorus)2 2. S55 = sce ee sa seeeeeee ee Ree 265
spinifer; Holocentrus!)--. 22-2 se-e se ceeE ene eee ener 223
spiniger, Epinephelus. . 259
spinosus, Dasyscopelus 189
Insidiator ... - 380

spinus; Callyodonzcecen.2-sesi--cncise serene eee eee mere 326
spongiceps;|Caculusteesseer esse seereee ee ee see eee 181
Squalidee sco Sascha ee eee re acresets 183
Squalusich setae ese seceaee scence so ects eee oe 183
mitsukuriiQjeee osetia cs ce eae eee eee 183
squamiceps;.Chrionemat ss sesso eae eee ees aee eee ee 414
| squamosum, Pachymetopon 271
stamineus, Awaous...-.-- 405
steindachneri, Antigonia. - 335
Gymmnothoraxseeeeeses se eee ee eee 202

stelpis; Cy.ttomimus=seerese aeeoee eee eee eee eeeeee 227
stellanspinephelusssss-eeeesee eee e eee ence ee neeeaee 258
| stellaris, Abalistes............. BB ScnonanoscsbAsonstice 364
stellatus;(\Gymnothoraxs-.--eeees ecto ee eee eee 199
istellulatus;Dibranchusses-eesesesss eeee toes tenant eee 439
Stemonidium............ 194
hypomelas 194
Sternoptychide.......... - 190
Sternopty X= oo-5cces os nase eas oe oe eee cena 190
| diaphanan. 2. oo. sooo aces oe ae eee 190
Stethojulisss 2 fetes a ae ae eee 296
albovittataesnsssesas- eee cose eres aera 296

axillarish Scsecc. sto gecate eeiace es tees 297
bandanensis&--)- 5 sees cere eee eee 297
casturi---.-. 296
filholiseeeeses 298
fulvoventris. - - 296

Kalosomascc-3 osc eee eee ee eee 298
phekadopleuraseesssss-a-peee eee re ene 297

TONAL Sam erence epee eee 296
strigiventer =. 584-2 sc seee aoe e eee sae Ne 296

trilineata. .-- 296
Stethopristis -. 227
COS Teaaa 227

stevensoni, Vailima 398
stimpsoni, Sicyopterus spe a7 4.10
Stoasodon 5.2 - 2-2. secse coe cic ee see aoe eee one aes 185
narinari 185
Stolephorus 186
186

Stomiaseeeees=ss-eeaen 190
boa. 190
Stomiidseteecme sees 190
striatulus; ymenocephalus:---.-c--sen- oe ooo ee eens 436
Striatus;(AltiCUS2 sajaocces season ee eee nee eee 423
AN TONDSTLUS seem ese sae eee eee ee 438
Ctenochsetusticccnastan sone sec ne aes 355

strictus, Symphurus... 413
strigata, Valenciennea................ 383
strigatus, oliscus..................- 212
Atypichthys 237
Microcanthuseon-eee-ces see aeeeeeeeeeeess 346
strigilliceps;Marsejzse22s-- 20-0. ss. oe eee 408
strigiventer, Stethojulis--. «--2+-sed-aeseaseeeesaeeeee 296
striolatus, Siganus 359

XXVIII

Strongiusisebastapistes sj. aes eeeeee ete eee eae
strongylocephalus, Callyodon...........-...--..-.-----
[Sire dels Wel Perea dac eco oUsboosocScocsudEecosepadace

Strophodes;, Lepidaploisiy soe meee ee eisai
studerijiSiganus)s-j-- 2s eeen-ne eee eee eee
stypurus, Myrichthys...
subducens, Congrogadus..
sulphureus, Uranoscopus- sa
summana, Epinephelus......-- BH Ce Seen
sundanensis, Mugil.......-..2....- BR SAO RARG ASA aHEeSE
susumi, Chorististium - -
symmetricus, Myripristis-
Symuphorusese sesso ase us

SpilUTUS Sasa eee eels
Symphurusye sj ee cess Saag eee ee ee eee ce ee See

SyMagropsh anes see see
argyrea. -
Symancejasee-eriassee
verruccsa
Synaphobranchid wei—sssseeee see eee eee rere eas
Synaphobranchusttesse eyes eee eee eee eee
brachiysomus spe essere ese tec ie seer

SYVNCHIRO PUSH = erm swe eet See eee Sect ere se

lineolatus.

microps.
Syngnathide.........
Synodontids yy seen acoeeeeeee
Sym0 Gus ayy ae ene

VTLS Biot eae ree rete eee pte eee eS
Machy Suns seisais eas sepa ere es eT ea STA Stat

TeenianOtus ease cacy: te ces eee eee eee eae
citrinellus. -
garretti-..
triacanthus. - - BG

tenianotus) Amblyapistus= oe... -coscceeeen sen -- 2

iteeniatus Pe LhOScintes era ea eee eaeeeas nese eet

iPseudupeneusy- ses ees esac oeelss eee cues
teenioides/Gymnothoraxeer passes e ease eee eee

Teeniopsetta.......-.-
radula.

tenioptera, Amia..... He

teniopterus, Nemipterus......-...---- fe Soe eA
Uipentis ea 5 essere Siete Meee eos
MIPS Rn GonessaadnAasbonamdarabodaaruosoeasacseocaorde

teen ima Roa oe ce ep ey eats Pane cy tien
teeniurus, Novaculichthys..:..-..-..-..-.--

Pomacentrus

Sicyopterus. .
tahmel, Kyphosus.---
talofa, Gymnothorax....
tapeinosoma, Petroscirtes..2....--- 22 .scesgeoes 2a ee
Maractes =o ne sFe ae eas Aroha eee RS ee eet ete

taux, Sicyopterus......... Mov ieky shen S ena eet
taupou, Abudefduf. - -
tauvina, Epinephelus.
beinaw bla tata ole le Leas ee eae Me rsaie

INDEX.

VPage.

temporalis, Scolopsis........-----...- 269°

| tenebrosus, Gymnothorax. - aeoe)| ALD
| tentaculatus, Platycephalussss=ssenseseeeee see eee 380
ANS EY YO) ooo apooasboboncpeceaosoncbaueetéanunesoscoosaAG 266
Bbq Soc ododcscaesuddoSsondanssesticosnca 266
cCaudavittatust ene -e-eeee ene seeee eee 266
cChallybaeus@eneeee ee nee eeeer nets setae ee eee 266.
interruptus. 266.
jarbua.... 266.

MASUCU Si ei etelctote ate 266.
oxyrhynchussece cence 266

DES SoobbaocdoneodocdeaKooab enone ssadaccesuc 266

| Sexlineatuse ste eat Bee eee ei tetep eee eee aer om 266
| theraps! eckecc ee eke SS ee ee i Sn ae NE 266.
trimaculatuseerc-eessso eee ete ee ee eee 266.

unicolor 266
MRetrabrachiumesssseeee eee eee eee eee 439.

| ocellatum eae) 439,
| tetracanthus)ParapenrciSisec sree es-eee eee ee eee 414
| ietracen tru mit excrete eee a yaaa eee 255
| ApOsONOides ssa aeeee eee eee eee eee ee 255
Tetraod Onis seeecep ee eee eee eee eee eet ee Eo EEE Eee 368.
Gamo T Ob: Oo Sea a Scaososouauadcsctesanos 368

Pigambeus ey eer hse see eee ae 371

hispidus <.. 369

IMM aculatussessseaeee- eee e eee nee 370

lacrymatus 371

104: 0) 0) PON ee Ob PASGSeeraaocsbecraGsocnnoscccen 369
nigropunctatush-ss-eeree ase eee eee 369
Ophyastseeeereeeeeerreeeeeee eSSaSedaEcbAaA 371

reticularis’ \o--t2-esecee sae eee ee ee 369
Tetraodontide......- 368
thalassinus, Alticus.- 425:
Thalassoma.........-. . 304
hel uicib inane dapesccsodacdesccacacscoross 307
balliewinieseenas-e 2 eee se evade eee 305
cyanogastenstessccr sare eee eee 305

Gorsale: 32 s23o his ees eee eee 307
dupenneyilhsci-stipecteeec eet ec ese eceeeee 304
PuscuMes ss ese Paes ee eee ee ete eee eee 306

Peni vit ta bum ee ee eee eee eae 307
L guntheri. . 305
janseni- 307

lunarecene seco ee 305
lutescens#=a5--2-P ees 305

IMCPtEN Si see Ae eu Eye te eee es 307
TORUS - A Soot codsenouceosseoosubocce 306
PUL DUTCOIME Eee reese eae eee ne eae 305

schwanefeld ieee eee eee eee ereer eee steers 307
umbrostigma. - 306
.thalassopterus, Gymnothorax 201
Thalliugusterseseeeeseeceeeee - 310
Chlorurnus22ssass see ees ete ne ae eee 310
jthazard, -AURISS2 252 2 N228 eee ees he CS oe eee 228
theraps;Lerapone sear eee cece eee tee te ee nee ae meee 266
thom psoni’) Caranxee eee esta ease eee ene aee 230
thouini}iRhinobatuses-eseeasse- cee ee eee eee eee eee 183
Jisbhrissal kono sinu Sees ees sens ee ee eee ae eee 187
thynnoides, Axinurus. -- 358
thyrsitoides, Lemnisoma. 228
thyrsoideus, Gymnothorax. soa 1S
tiere AA OlOcentLUS Hee ane eee eee nee eee eee eee 224
tiereoides)} sdolocentrustas-seee-eeeeesneeete ee eeee eee 224
tionin a pESCUbLCATI A= eer eee rere eee ee eee Bee eee eee 206
tipTrinUS | Galeocerd Oasys pet eee er eee eee ee eee eee 182
tile; Pterocsesiosassseec ane eee eee ee eee eee 266
tolooparah>: Scomberoidesee esse see eeeee nese eee eee 229
tolu, Nemipterus........- Sachin bane Niel ae Ra Sed Ne 265

stone en Mipileeee eae ae see eae en erent ela
Ons anus, sO len NUS seca ae eee eee eee eee eee
SLOLLCNILLUS es MICKOD DIS ererem ae ee eee
sLOCOYCUSIS;KGODLOIG eSe sme sees: sees eee eee
MOXOCCS Heme e ces atne aise n see ap oa ans se ae nee eae

J ACUIALCL ease se esate ante yao eemen ese
MOXO Cid Bese araeene eel temo mies Sete eins ainis cc eejene me

[WW ENTE) Be aso sorposscasasdseorecos
Mrachinocepne lM shameseeeee rete eee eer ee

EOCACHINOUISH eaten eee eee eree eee reer etsy -peetecne

OV A/011S Beemer ete ele ees steelers ye

MUGEN - on cosemecsessachsocbacceospencene

SOrach ONMGUS Seeman eee eee enna ear ieaistatalalel=
Sentipellish: secsens. meer aenecoe ee coe se

PILACHURODS eee eee ee eeeee cer ee ree eee ree eaeeee meas
crumenophthalm ane ee eee ee aceasta
trachypoma, Corythroichthys-..........-.-.-.--------
Mrachyrhamphusesessereeeeas eer eee ee eee

ELA LT AAU CD CLS meet ee meee eee ela a leita
triacanthus: we senianotuseeeeeriesssseeeemeeee see ee eee
Mrisen Od ON ase sise eine esrincen ee selects se
OD ESS a eeertee ecctsciancecieeeceitiecieceec as
triangulum, Gonochsetodon). -- 3... essen n=
‘trichrous Gheetodonbereerieseeteeee cere terre eeee- =
‘tricolor; Ammphiprion-serec-ren eee ease fees SoBeaG
GCallyodonlesceneereaae nan. = see ese ses
Gomphosus ems ssca ce ee nae eee oie
trifascialis, Megaprotodon
trifasciatusGhzetodonm seers esssseee eee eee ee eeee ene
STOO, IDEN AUIS c cdeesnccdtccase che asecerolscesens
tyUlineataeSCOlO DSI Sree ee seen cise erste isey=
Stethojulissewe-peene eee cee ereE eae
trilobatus) Chel linu Steeeesrssaseea aerate
rT ACU Le PAU Peay tee tees este ee er sere este teat en oe
trimaculatus) Dascyllustesn-e sees eeeasen ee eee eee
Halichceresta sass ceases eee eee

IOV MEX AV eco oeeaneeosebesneoocsease

META PON Kas see nena saeco

oN de secpeectoneorcncckebosccooesossewae
tripunetatus, Pomacentrus. (oo... 2. eee
Pristis;ScbaStapisteseer err assene-mioete aes eee rat ate
trioceliatus, Pseudorhombus...........-.---..----.:--
trios tes Us MELe pat semester einer
triton Echidna. sss20+- sos os2 ase oe jane ees
HLOSCHE) Lop Cav OC OTN ere ere aaa ea ence Es a

TROSSU las WACO IGN Amn ses se a) eee eee eet
truncata wParam isles seen wes see ee o eee Eee reas
tuberculavumMOstracionserneesessteereeererrceetecee
HuUberosus,ACaN thin shee ee esse eee enc eeeeee eee
tumbil, Saurida-.--.....-..- PSE ocobsaapaaesbcbE acess
tusitalee bnng@aptery pistes. jee-see ae eeeseeeee se
UNG OTT IDS oy es = Bes eet ansee cnon-mdoncecoeresame:
Hennes ptecyeis=assa-secaeeete epee ence
SOVIOSUCUS Sse setae Soca ssonsecceé casocodionaan
(CHTICU Siac teeee ies ese ciceis eee ee eee See

(CARA MUCOS = oo peogocsanns posecososboedasesped
Weluroid ess -(-csescm = cena aes ceases
(AAW oo etoSbocssinauenastsders-caeedsacec
ty pus; symphysanodone esse nae a. sees eee eneeeecenes
PUL. Bicep EU G0 DLL As eee rere
tuisila;yAth erin @eapse nen aes eee mee eeeeneeeiceseecs

bispinosum....
ulietensis, Cheetodon....-
ultramarinus, Callyodon.
umbra, Hepatus.......
umbratilis, Jordanicus.....
umbrilatus, Hemipteronotus
umbrinus, Chaunax...........:
umbrostigma, Thalassoma. .
undatus, Symphurus.......-
undulatus, Balistapus.........
Cheilinus
Gomphosus. -
Gymnothorax
undulosus, Epinephelus. - =
lniocellatusswAlb def wits eee ee eae
unicolor|Cypsilurussser ne eeeseeeee aces eeeeee eee
Muelatich thyss-seeeneeeensaecemoccemeccenate
LU tanusm aces uses se tenn cee ace oe
Téerapope sesso. ceo cess esosse Paso ee Nee
UNICOLNIS WA CANE RUTUS see eee ere ee ee
Melamphaes:-as2s2.-neessaes-on ee seeer eee
upifasciatusy Cheilinusseesseeeeese cece aes ee eee ares
Dascyllus-
uniformis, Echidna..-.-.
unilineatus, Pseudolabrus. .
unimaculatus, Cheetodon....
unipinna, Amphiprionichthys.
Upeneus.....

teeniopterus....
tragula....
vittatus...
upolensissCallyodoneesssser eee eee cee eens see
Uranoscopide -
Uranoscopus

fuscomaculatus

PADUCNSISE es -eeeeena sees eet ersetyeeate
SUI pHUTeUSHee seas eee ee ee eee eee nsec eee
urodelus}Cephalopholist==s-seere--eaeee eerie eee ae 3
WIRE HEE IDNA UN seb eosacbondanchodancos-cosepeonre
Wire) arr Ft Sooosopadecsadacanescacananeabodeeksacsce =
CONCO] ON seme setetece erent oe ee
NCUCUTUS ree cecal ote sate tees aeons
macrocephalus sem mere eeee eee steer cee
TEVA WO RUE B65 oc a SonoesdoncadeasecSnoos
EXAM PNOP CEU S retreat eee ee eee
WEG AACS Soastoopscsa=pokesaen oLodsseeesoenc
DEVAN, RAM Nec cabccondaucesdaseanscsoussoncsssadesno=
Wagabundus;.cheetod On eer itljeteac ei tamteetle eee eee
Vial im aeiemmaeses ine seca we cin sels sis keene eeeeen ede

Vaillantiivelypletrochilus sip emsee eens sete se seca
BV/ali mM OSE ete slams ote cee metres ee sen e ti de eEarieeiaia :
fontinalissesps-eccerey asesecee ease CRaSuE CESS
Foto} 9) CRAs eeoonge pobeneareacouse saaSse cece

Vt SIPANIS 7G LOSSOPODLUS = emeenttseie el eee eee eek ee
Zenarcnoptewusemceeae ements acre

WET ES) 1 oh A oapag-cceacaBenecepacecosan AenanceaTeeaaas
WERT, TRACERS = SoS oanoncorecsooSdsud Suede shee
Wal VA SCDSIS WAI DASSISme artemis eee ay ates oe aaa
WS ENCI eM Me Bee rreetie eet aminieelueiats ciate selid=is sete ene
Na) 9 FAVE a npodomebe dan oacbaccssaeuc

muralis

strigata

violilera
velentinivAMlostomuUs: ----.<- 22 -nees ences
vanicolensis, Hypseieotris

XXIX

XXX INDEX.
Page. Page.
vanicolensis, Mulloides....... 02-2. 2+. +22 - seen ye eer 276" || Wiaiteamystacina a setecccectccseteeeesensceeceeieceeer 407
Pempheris.-.-- 236 |) waitei, Corythroichthys..-- 2-22-22. -ec-7- cc ore- eo 212
vanicoris, Harengula......---.- 187 | woodi, Novaculichthys......-..------------------2---- 311
ALCL Ata CONS asst ey= anesthe 303 | xantherythrus, Holocentrus...........-..------------- 224
variegatus, Apogonichthys....- 250 |ewanthichthyss-ncen esesceoecee ee eee eeeeeee eee ene 363.
Wamiolaeeiescccaccenecmeceecrels 257 lineopunctaltusses-e eee eee ceeseneeae 363
flavimarginata.............-. 257 MNES aan scescecpasoeessoacueaasooucs 363
LOU ty OM a tere erences 257s) \\xanthopterus »Lethrinusee eee eee eeeeeo ee eee ceeeeeee 270
variolosus, Alticus.......-.--.--2.-- 424 Wiropterygiuseesemeeeeeceeeeen eee eereee 206
Platycephalus........-- 380 | xan hostomus, Gymnothorax.........-.-------------- 198
varius, Gomphosus.....-.-..---------- 307 | xanthosomus, Paragobiodon.............-..----.----- 397
Heniochuse:sseenicsce seer 347 | xanthozoma, Parapercis. -. 414
Synod Useeeeseereesceee ees 188 | xanthurus, Chetodon... 339
veliferum, Zebrasoma.......--..-- 356 | xenandrus, Sceops.-- 412
venustaCOrisseeeer eer eet cere eee 303 | Xenocephalide. . . 434
vermiculatus, Siganus.....-.------- 359 | Xenocephalus......-. 434
VernensmiVictennloseensseeeeseseerc eee ce 193 armatus. 434
WSR On pnAcopouccacasnasbenEckeasscucodns 293 | xenochrous, Scolopsis 269
oxy cephaluse-seeeem scence 293 | xenops, Peloropsis. - 379
Vierriculusss ie See ee erence eee 293 | xestus, Petroscirtes. 433.
sanguineus......-.-...-.:--.--- 293 | Xiphias gladius. .- 229
verrucosa, Synanceja.......--.------------ 379 | Xiphiide... 299
verrucosus, Balistapus..-.....2-.--...-.-. 363 | Xyrichthys.......- 312
verticalis, Aldrovandia...........---------- 191 niveilatus. . 312
Pseudogobiodon .....-.-----.------ 410 | Xysteema abbreviatum ae 2)
vestitus, Amblyapistus........-.-.--------- 378 acinaces. . 272
Weternlosseeererr crt Once nreteernc corer acs 193 argureum....... 272:
NGS odoosbovadoonesdsinaadeaseoMoESAo} 193 gigassa- ace see: 272
Wishbe, ISA slecoscoseaécusaavogocdoscedossusesaaucads 3o1 macracanthum. 272
villosus, Etmopterus.......-..------------------------ 183 macrosoma. .. 272
violaceus, Holocentrus....-...-----------------+--2---- 223 soo PAP
ViOlesCensSMBOWErSideesieee= asec eee eee ee eel 265 punctatumeess-c ser ceer se cer eeeeeceeer sees 27
violifera, Valenciennea............-.------------------- soon eZalargesnimbariusesses.-eeeseres seen eee eee ee ceee 189:
virescens, Aprione «ji. - = 2 - elnino in n= imine 265¥|}Zalnclid se sess sere ee tewicenies ce ease eee eee 350
viridescens, Balistes.....-..-.--..--.---.-----5-------- 362) PZANCII Ss 22 watercress nese ee eee eee eee 350
VitiaNUSsh SIBAMUS se mete ease eee eter tiat= 360 (CAnescenseeemacee oe ee eee eee eee eeeeee eee 350
WAMU PIO SaecepomstosascocSen cu osoccaddsaancencese 379 | zanzibarensis, ‘Scorpzenopsis............---.----------- 376
wvittatus, Cheilodactylus:—- ==. 2.).\2-2- 225-3222 - ae 28a |zebraD endrochituss-eesseeseereee rece eee seers seen 378
VW bE Bsc cocbesesedoasbescecounuedcbongacousnag 264 ISchidnasee yosasscss- eee eee eee ee ceeee 203.
WAAC Sh WKS po consossc osoeaecddsuarenaaoqoacede 273 Salariasc Aches. J deagascsnsaneoesereo ase eeeoane 426
Vitreola sake eecsie cece HoubnososeSSasoubeESAacuacads 393 MI ZEDTASOM Bisel sels Sees eee eee els Sees lae teste ecteret= 355
EE Valitihonc ao atoddansessoccoscabocosapancconsacs 393 flavescens:ne! Sees eae pee sence 355
WALA Goocac os ecoscicabsunscrppobeas seddoguacsodoueond 406 TOStra tum easements cece SPE SSS 356
OPERONS snopes coco sbaneuouoreedenadsasoosaods 406 mhombeumise pee cerristee suodaasadosasssasuess 355
vlamingi, Acanthurus .......--..--------.+--+++---+--- 358 Veliferum te, -j aso eneeise en seise decent serieinee 356
Volitans WXOCCetUSaiyeeaeiise ieee eee cee tleleacier PSH ASS aC RCA BBech cela ese cROHe REUBESO SSO SmoeAdceHeaaaseod 413.
Pegasus 215 dicholepis......... i Spa SS Ee Oe eee Bees 413
Pterois...... SARS come or EEResases an aaemc ace BY EH YAcite tte ae sa near aun ae Ri CRU Lee La Suomi atc 227
vorax, Champsodon... 4140 }Zenairchopteruscnccceenenseeere eee ccc eee ese eer 208.
INGORUGN Asbo Sogo sbnosodeborddeacoadn ole ab0b 190 Gispainer so se eee oerey eit ret mem icate 208
vulcanus, Emmydrichthys......-.----..---+----+------- 380 MACUIOSHSS eee eee eee eeeeeeeeeee 208
vulpes, Albula.....2......0.-0--0 2002-2222 e ence enone 186 VaiSiganisercers eater eee eee seer Cees 208.
Alopias. 183m |izeylonicusMulloid ese eceicssessee se scisee eee easels 277
vuipinus Lo......... Sal |) ZOE e ey RING adn ds oncossoncosauscssHaosesoacouoce 313
waialue Gymnothorax..--- 252... 602-222 e eens een 197ml ezonatawEchidnal essere sees se eee eee eee eer eases 203
waigiensis, Atherina........-----------+- ssoScddeGuSaesD 2160|=zonatus) Albudefdufsseeeesss-ectee enone eee ceee eee eee 286
Calotomus. 313 Gallyodon)s.2 spose soe oe eee eee 325
Centrogenys. 256 | PZ ONOLODIUSEeeE reese cr eanne eee noe esicie sick eesee nace 397
Kyphosus. - 271 Semid Ollatusee sae esesseeeeeeeeesteciseee cate 397
Lethrinus. . 270) |szonopheea ME chidnamecsn cece scree erases ese e eee 203.
WV beans 218 ezonularis Cally odonsessseerere ae ceense se eree esses 321
Lutianus... 26SuIZONUTAeMvlO tase pic tecilaer enact eeee eee eee reece eet 386
Nemipteruseee-cisce-seceeeneti earl 265 | zosterophora, Amia.............-.----------+---------- 245
Waikiki MIONO TUS Nee repens se eree leet eer ele tl iaan DASUie zy Penal SDNY IN Meee eceeeesaae cence seceeetiasceete 183.
WAN hoanonabobouonebbedosodnn susEbucagscansdssadcsdsbe 407

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