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S| i } Mel Nay 4 = b] “ rw Cy = a Del aT o. ae yer ALS wily gen, Wey a Ee | rye i ~ Se g < tf me. ‘ rt ee a i I ne bid iy 5 1 iy ALT pate er IT + etd Doh | at we ¥ 7U A hd w = eo ed by 4 wy’ gen, \ wry 7 ry yp UE g v v y' Moa Vy By gere J we y ioe wuthtlcgaeaeursuee gavel . a ee v a iN oh ye oD Ae s Ah 4) i ELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS CONTRIBUTIONS TO BIOLOGY FROM THE HOPKINS LABORATORY OF BIOLOGY a THE FISHES OF SINALOA BY DAVID STARR JORDAN, President of the Leland Stanford Jr. University, Assisted by Epwin CHapin STaRKs, Grorae BuIss CULVER ~ and THomas MaRIon WILLIAMS. ts ‘ ey ‘i “ ms 7 or \. 243930 | ~SUongh Museun LELAND STANFORD JR. UNIVERSITY, Tenaga Pato ALTO, CALIFORNIA, 1895. BIVISION nF Fiege CONTRIBUTIONS TO BIOLOGY FROM THE HOPKINS LABORATORY OF BIOLOGY THE FISHES OF SINALOA BY DAVID STARR JORDAN, President of the Leland Stanford Jr. University, Assisted by Epwin Cuapin Starks, GEORGE Biss CULVER and Tuomas Marion WILLIAMS. ( Reprint from the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 2, Vol. V.) LELAND STANFORD JR, UNIVERSITY, Pato ALTO, CALIFORNIA, 1895, THE FISHES OF SINALOA.* BY DAVID STARR JORDAN, Assisted by EDWIN CHAPIN STARKS, GEORGE BLISS CULVER AND THOMAS MARION WILLIAMS. [With Plates xxvi-lv.] The Mexican State of Sinaloa lies along the east shore of the Gulf of California, mostly to the north of the Tropic of Cancer, extending from Rio Fuerte on the north, which separates it from Sonora, to the northwest boundary of Jalisco. The greatest. length of the State along the coast is about 325 miles. The land forms an irregular and broken slope from the high table-lands and cliffs of the Sierra Madre on the east downward to the coast. Down this slope flow several streams of clear water, which ac- quire great volume in the rainy season (June to Novem- ber) and which dwindle rapidly in the dry season of the winter. The coast line is very irregular, being formed of rocky islands, mostly of volcanic origin, and of ab- rupt cliffs or ‘‘ rincones,’’ the terminations of hills or spurs from the Sierra Madre. Between these are long 9? curved sand beaches, and occasionally sand-spits across the mouth of some estuary which is thus converted into a lagoon. The water of the sea off the coast is very clear. The bottom is very irregular, as is the contour of the shore. The chief port of Sinaloa is Mazatlan. This city of about 20,000 inhabitants lies on a peninsula between the Estuary or Astillero de Mazatlan on the south and a curv- ing bay known as the Puerto Viejo on the north. On this peninsula are two considerable headlands, Neveria on the north and Vijia on the southwest, between which is a sand beach, facing the west, noted for its high surf, for * Contributions to Biology from the Hopkins Seaside Laboratory of the Leland Stanford Jr. University. No. 1. 2p S=R., Vou. V. (25) August 15, 1895, 378 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 6 which it is named las Olas Altas. North of Puerto Viejo, at a distance of about seven miles, are three large rocky islands, very much alike, close together and in a right line, knownas the three Venados. Opposite them on the shore is a similar headland, Camarron. About all these headlands and islands are many rock- pools and basins left filled with water by receding tides. Beyond the ex- tremity of Vijia is a tall conical island, over 500 feet in height, known as Creston. This is surmounted by a lighthouse and is the most conspicuous land mark of the harbor of Mazatlan. North of Creston lhe a number of large barren rocks of white volcanic rock, known col- lectively as Islas Blancas. The scanty harbor of Mazat- lan lies to the south of Vijia and Creston, between these and the Isla de los Chivos and Isla de las Piedras. It ends in a long deep winding channel, known as the Asti- llero or Estuary, which extends around the south side of the city, with many muddy arms lined with Mangrove bushes, then turns to the south, forming for some ten miles the narrow channel between Isla de las Piedras and the mainland. No fresh waters of importance flow into the Astillero and the tides form strong currents as the waters pass in and out. At Altata, in the northern part of Sinaloa, is a small harbor, the port of the capital City of Culiacan. Of the several rivers in the State, only one, Rio Presi- dio or Rio de Mazatlan, was visited by us. This is a swift clear stream, rising in the mountains. At Presidio and Villa Union, where it was visited by us, it flows rap- idly over gravel, being in January some three rods wide and rarely more than two feet deep. The fishes of Sinaloa are known chiefly from the col- lections made by Dr. Charles H. Gilbert in the winter of 1881. Under the auspices of the U. S. Fish Commission, iF FISHES OF SINALOA. 379 Mr. Gilbert spent six weeks at Mazatlan where he secured a collection of about 180 species, of which number about fifty were new to science. These were described by Jordan and Gilbert in the Proceedings of the U. S. Na- tional Museum in 1881, the typical specimens being de- posited in the Museum at Washington. Previous to this time a number of specimens had been sent, by collectors who had visited Mazatlan and Altata, to the Museum at Vienna, where they were described by Dr. Franz Stein- dachner, and to Berlin where they were recorded by Pro- fessor Peters. Subsequent to the visit of Dr. Gilbert, collections were made at Mazatlan and Presidio by Mr. Alphonse Forrer, now of Santa Cruz, California. Most of these were sent ‘to the U. S. National Museum, where they were described by the present writer. A few specimens were also sent to the British Museum. In December, 1894, through the kindly interest of Mr. Timothy Hopkins of Menlo Park, California, and under the auspices of the Hopkins Seaside Laboratory, a branch of the Leland Stanford Jr. University, an expedition was sent to Mazatlan for the purpose of collecting fishes. This was in charge of David S. Jordan, assisted by George B.S Culver> and) Hdadwin Ci -Starks77) Im) :additionyt Mir. Thomas M. Williams, Mr. Norman B. Scofield and Mr. James A. Richardson accompanied the expedition as vol- unteer assistants, with Frank H. Lamb as botanist, and Mr. George B. Seward as herpetologist. One month, Dec. 24, 1894 to Jan. 25, 1895, was spent at Mazatlan in the collection of fishes. One hundred and eighty-five species were obtained, of which twenty- nine seem to be new to science, besides two species from La Paz. A full series of the specimens obtained is in the Museum of Lelar4 Stanford Jr. University. Other series 380 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 8 nearly complete have been sent to the British Museum and to the Museums at Vienna and Berlin. Partial sets are in the Academy of Sciences at San Francisco and in the U.S. National Museum. It is evident that the list here given is by no means a complete record of the fishes of Si- naloa. Doubtless all the species enumerated from Sonora by Gilbert, Jenkins and Evermann, and by Gilbert and others from Lower California, will ultimately be found in this region. Every day spent at Mazatlan either by Dr. Gilbert or by ourselves brought some addition to the list, and the deep water fishes have not been studied at all. Besides our obligations to Mr. Hopkins, and to the vol- unteer assistants above named, the writers wish to express their especial indebtedness for local assistance to Dr. George Warren Rogers, a scholarly physician resident at Mazatlan; to Senor Ygnacio Moreno, the leading fisher- man of the port, whose efforts in aiding our work were un- wearying. We also owe many favors to Messrs. William W. Felton, Bert L. Smith, John L. Kendall and J. Rip- pey, American residents in Mazatlan. From Dr. Charles H. Gilbert, in whose laboratory the present paper has been written, we have received much valuable aid in many ways. The plates accompanying this paper have been drawn by Miss Anna L. Brown, artist of the Hopkins Labora- tory. The following species are here described as new to science. The numbers after each name are those borne by the type specimens on the register of the Museum of Leland Stanford Jr. University. Pristis zephyreus Jordan & Starks. (Skin.) Narcine entemedor Jordan & Starks. 1699. Urolophus rogersi Jordan & Starks. 1700. Urolophus umbrifer Jordan & Starks. Pteroplatea rava Jordan & Starks. 1587. 9 FISHES OF SINALOA. 381 Galeichthys gilberti Jordan & Williams. 1666, 1667, 1668. Galeichthys azureus Jordan & Williams. 1575. Stolephorus scofieldi Jordan & Culver. 2941. Pecilia presidionis Jordan & Culver. 2687. Siphostoma starksii Jordan & Culver. 2686. Mugil hospes Jordan & Culver. 2890, 2954, 1695. Thyrina evermanni Jordan & Culver. 2688. Thyrina crystallina Jordan & Culver. 2685. Scomberomorus sinalow Jordan & Starks. 1720. Caranx medusicola Jordan & Starks. 2645. Hynnis hopkinsi Jordan & Starks. 1563. Trachinotus paloma Jordan & Starks. 2690. Trachinotus culvert Jordan & Starks. 2691. Mycteroperca venadorum Jordan & Starks. (British Museum.) Mycteroperca boulengeri Jordan & Starks. 1621. Lythrulon opalescens Jordan & Starks. 2963. Microspathodon azurissimus Jordan & Starks. 1636, 2595, 1610. Teuthis crestonis Jordan & Starks. 2899. Balistes naufragium Jordan & Starks. 1656. Aboma etheostoma Jordan & Starks. Gobius manglicola Jordan & Starks. 3095. Scorpena mystes Jordan & Starks. 1616, 1617, 2919, 1501. Symphurus williamsi Jordan & Culver. 2943. Orthopristis reddingi Jordan & Richardson. Alexurus armiger Jordan & Richardson. Family GINGLYMOSTOMID/E. 1. Ginglymostoma cirratum (Gmelin.) Gara. Two large specimens, respectively five and six feet in length, were taken. These agree fairly with published descriptions, except that the black spots scattered over the body are very small and pepper-like. It is possible that these spots vanish with age, and that Gznglymostoma fulvum Poey, the unspotted form, is the adult of the other. This species was obtained by Dr. Gilbert, at Mazatlan and Panama. 382 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. TO Family GALEID. 2. Galeus lunulatus (Jordan & Gilbert). Garo. Rather common at Mazatlan, where the original types were obtained by Dr. Gilbert. 3. Galeocerdo tigrinus Miller & Henle. Recorded by Dr. Gilbert, from Mazatlan and from San José de Guatemala; not seen by us. It has not been compared with the Brazilian type of the species. 4. Scoliodon longurio (Jordan & Gilbert). Rather common in the harbor at Mazatlan, where the original types were taken by Dr. Gilbert, who also found the species at Panama. 5. Carcharhinus ethalorus Jordan & Gilbert. Original described from Mazatlan; not seen by us. Also recorded by Dr. Gilbert, from Panama. It is not likely that Carcharhinus limbatus occurs on the Pacific Coast. Probably this related species has been mistaken for it. 6. Carcharhinus lamiella (Jordan & Gilbert). A very young specimen with a deformed tail was ob- tained by us at Mazatlan, the first record of the species from that port. 7. Carcharhinus fronto Jordan & Gilbert. This large shark is not uncommon about Mazatlan, where the original types were taken by Dr. Gilbert. No specimens were seen by us, but the species is said to be common in the surf about the Olas Altas. It is said that during the time that Mazatlan was occupied by French soldiers a number of these were killed by the sharks while bathing in the surf. II FISHES OF SINALOA. 383 Family SPHYRNID/E. 8. Sphyrna tiburo (Linneus). CorNuDA. One specimen obtained by us at Mazatlan. It was not secured by Dr. Gilbert; this being the first record on the Pacific Coast of America of this common Atlantic species. Our specimen seems to agree fully with an example from Florida. g. Sphyrna tudes (Cuvier). Cornupa. Not rare at Mazatlan, where specimens were obtained by Dr. Gilbert, and one by the Hopkins expedition. 10. Sphyrna zygena Linneus. CorNUDA. Common in the sea about Mazatlan. Three young specimens taken by us. Also recorded by Dr. Gilbert from Mazatlan and Panama. Family PRISTIDID/E. 11. Pristis zephyreus Jordan & Starks n. sp. PEZ DE ESPADA. | Snout to nostrils, 3 in length to base of caudal; breadth of saw at anterior end between first two pairs of teeth half breadth of its base behind the last pairs; teeth on saw trenchant behind, arranged in 22 pairs; hinder teeth wide apart, the interspaces 5 times their base; posterior teeth turned slightly backward, a groove on their posterior edge; front teeth not quite half as long as the saw is broad at their base; distance between first and second tooth three times base of first. (Other specimens exam- ined for us by Dr. G. W. Rogers show 18 to 21 pairs of teeth.) Eye equal to spiracle, contained 3 times in base of saw just behind last pair of teeth; width of mouth a little greater than base of saw; mouth with about 65 series of blunt teeth; slant height of pectoral in front, a little more 384. CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 12 than half distance from tip of snout to mouth. Dorsals sub-equal; first dorsal inserted in advance of ventrals; about half its base over ventrals; caudal, with a lower lobe, which is equal to slant height of pectoral; tail with a keel on side. Color, plain olive grey above, light below. Measurements—Length, 50 inches; caudal, 7 inches; pectoral, 7 inches; dorsal front, 5% inches; snout with- out nostril, rr inches. Type—A skin in L. S. Jr. Univ. Museum. Common in brackish waters at the mouth of the Rio Presidio, where one fine specimen was obtained. The species is also recorded (as Pristes perrotetz) by Dr. Gilbert from Mazatlan, and by Dr. Giinther from Chiapam. Dr. Giinther identifies this species with Pr7st7s perrotetz described by Miller & Henle, from the Senegal River. In view of the great difference in the fauna of the Gulf of California from that of Equatorial Africa, this identi- _ fication may be questioned, especially as there are several details in which the description of Przstzs perottetd differs from our fish. We append the description of Miller & Henle, as also the descriptions given by Latham of his Prestzs antequorum and Przstis pectinatus, together with our account of the common saw fish of the Gulf of Mexico, usually and probably correctly identified as Prést7s pectinatus Latham. The following is the original description of ““Spec. 4. Pristis Perotteti, N. FP Kopf. ‘‘Die Form des Kopfes und der Naslécher wie Pristis antiquorum. Die Sage lauft nach vorn sehr allmahlig spitz zu. Sie ist an der Basis 1 Zoll 7 Linien, an der Spitze zwischen den beiden letzten Zaihnen 10 Linien breit, 19 Ziihne jederseits. Diehintersten Zihne sind kurz, wahrscheinlich abgenutzt. Die vordersten sind etwas breiter als die Hilfte der Breite der Sige, alle am hintern Rande gerinnt. Die hintern Ziihne stehen weit aus einander, um 5-6 Mal die Breite des Zahns. Die vordersten sind einander etwas mehr 12 FISHES OF SINALOA. 385 genaihert. Die Distanz zwischen den beiden letzten ist nicht ganz 3 Mal so breit als die Basis des Zahns. Alle Zihne nur wenig nach hinten geneigt. **Die obere Nasenklappe reicht mit ihrem innern Rande bis zum innern Nasenwinkel. Die Zahne sind grdsser als bei Pristis anti- quorum, 60-70 in einer Reihe. Flossen. Die Brustflossen vom Kopf scharf abgesetzt. Erste Riicken- flosse mit der Halfte ikrer Basis vor den Bauchflossen. Schwanz- flosse mit kurzem aber deutlichem untern Lappen. Farbe. Farbe wie Pristis antiquorum. Maasse. Von der Spitze der Sige zur Mitte zwischen den CSAS SCLIN ASW ANKO Ue parce aie opt rs Male aae sual sexes nA GR Vonrden Naslochern: zum) Mauls oo 8.2.) se ee. Nisei Oe Wom Viatlez um eAlerts fe ak We see ik VompAtter Zur SChwanzhossex so...) sn. > cacloeeis Sad nami elder, Schwanztossenaa-n.ccsecc ess n+ 252 ose: Diet Gan. BreitederiSaee im der Mitte sac2. on, os oc cc cccs sees Leceernogian Mangerdesmhanestene Zahnshans secs e- 21s. ee Gi BTKSILEVAEE EIEN ee ete ayes eee ini wince Wok cate 1A Distanzeder NaSloch era. sachsen: a aecislactet es Qe iBretterdes, Mamlessm cont soya «cps Ce eyes toe ote Die Fundort. Aus dem Senegal. Soll nur im siissen Wasser leben. Ein Exampler 4 trocken in Paris durch Perottet.” (Muller & Henle, Plagiostomen, p. 108.) From the work of Latham we take the following de- scription of his * Pristis antiquorum: Pr. rostro spinis yalidis utrinque 18-24. Tab. 26, f. i. Squalus pristis, Lin. Syst. Nat. I., p. 401, 15. Faun. Suec. 297. Wop Vevol Tre oy os Gy a WU villS Tbikois Maio Sy) MEN oR sbi, v0 ((joitals, lfs))jc Gmel. Lin. I., p. 1494, 15. Fab. Fn. Groenl., 130, 91, Mull. Prodr., p- 38, 319. - Klein. Miss. Pisc. 3, p. 12, No. 11, tab. 3; f. 1, 2. (pullus.) Plin. Nat. Hist., lib. 9, cap. 2. Clus. Ex., tab. 14, p. 136 (spin. 20). Aidrov. Cet., p.692. Will. Icth., p. 61, Tab. B. 9, fig. 5 (fig. Clusii). Raii, Syn. Pisc., p.23. Olear. Mus.,p. 41, t. 26, f.i1. Rondel. Pisc. 487. Bell. de Aq., t. in p. 66 (Langue de Serpent). Valent. Amboin, p. 33, t. 19, f. 52. Bloch, Fisch. Deutsch., p. 37, t. 120. Du Tertre Ant., p.207 (Spadon). Bonann. Mus. Kirch., t. 288, t. 21. Cabinet de Ste. Geney., t. p. 100. Brouss. Act. Par. 1780, p. 671. (La Scie.) Pis. Ind. Occ., p.51. Marcer. Bras., p. 158 (Araguagua). Gronov. Zooph., p. 33. Arted. Syn. 66, Id. Syn. 93. Brown. Jam. 458, I. 386 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 14 HABITAT IN OCEANO. ‘*Totum corpus ad 15 pedes longum, supra nigricans, seu leucophxo- griseum, abdomine albicante. Caput antice planum. Rostrum ad 5 pedes longum, spinis validis numero utrinque 18-24. Os dentibus granulatis instructum. Oculi magniirideaurea. Pone oculos foramina duo oblonga. Spiracula quinque. Pinna dorsalis prima ventralibus opposita, altera inter primam & caud# apicem media. Pectorales late longeque. Caudalis brevior quam congeribus. This species and the following grow to the largest size of any which hive yet come under the inspection of the naturalist, some specimens measuring 15 feet in length. The head is rather flat at top, the eyes large, with yellow irides, behind which is a hole, which some have supposed may lead to an organ of hearing.* “Nos foramina hee meatus auditorios esse credimus. Willughb. The mouth is well furnished with teeth, but they are blunt, serving rather to bruise its prey than to divide it by cutting. Before the mouth are two other foramina, supposed to be the nostrils. The rostrum, beak or snout, is in general about one-third of the total length of the fish, and contains in some eighteen, in others as far as twenty-three or twenty-four spines on each side; these are very stout, much thicker at the back part, and chan- nelled, inclining to an edge forwards. The fins are seven in number, viz.: two dorsal, placed at some distance from each other; two pectoral, taking rise just behind the breathing-holes, which are five in number; two ven- tral, situated aimost underneath the first dorsal; and lastly the caudal, occupying the tail both above and beneath, but longest on the upper part. The general color of the body is a dull grey, or brownish, growing paler as it approaches the belly, where it “is nearly white.” (Latham, Trans. Linn. Soc., 1794, p. 277.) Mr. Latham thus describes his **Pristis pectinatus: Pr. rostro spinis angustioribus utrinque ad 34. Tab. 26, fig. 2. Pristis seu Serra, Gesner Aq., fig. in p. 728 (spin. 54), Id. Ic. An., p. 171- Mus. Besler, tab. 17, f. 3 (spin. 28). Id. f.1 (caput, spinis, 25) Alldr: (Get. £35 p. 692. Johnst:) Pisce. p: °S; ts i) (spins 128)-eblas. Anat., p. 466, t. 49, f. 18. Bloch, Deutsch. p. 37, t. 120 (rostr. ar- cuat.). Knorr, Delic., p. 56, t. H.4. Olear. Kunst., p. 38, t. 25, f. i. Pontop. Hist. Norv. ii, p. 240. (spin. 25.) HABITAT IN OCEANO. Corpus a priore non multum differt. Rostri spine longiores, & minus validw, numero variant a 25 usque ad 34. Pinna posticw magis excavate. This and the former species have been confounded hitherto by naturalists, 15 FISHES OF SINALOA. 387 nor are we certain that any others have been observed by them; and if we may judge by their figures of each, it should seem that the first described was the most plentiful. That figured in Gesner is far from a bad repre- sentation, and the one engraved by Knorr in his Deliciz is sufficiently accurate. This species differs from the first, in having the snout more narrow in proportion at the base, and the whole of it more slender in all its parts; whereas the first is very broad at the base, and tapers consider- ably from thence to the point. The spines on each side also are longer and more slender, and vary from 24 to 34 in the different specimens; we have indeed been informed of one which contained no less than 35 spines on each side of the snout; but we must confess that we have never been fortunate enough to have seen such a specimen. This is supposed to grow to as great a size as the former, and in the general make and shape of the body does not materially differ.” (Latham, Trans. Linn. Soc., 1794, p. 278.) The following description of Przst7s pectinatus Latham (Pristis granulosa Bloch & Schneider) is taken from a specimen two feet long, from Key West, Fla.: Snout to nasal-lobes, 3 in length of body to base of caudal; width of anterior end of saw between first two pairs of teeth, equal to the inter- nasal space, } the base behind last pair of teeth; saw with 26 teeth ona side; eye larger than spiracle, half interorbital space; width of mouth equal to its distance to front of nostril; teeth in mouth in about 70 series; width across outer angle of pectoral fins, 24 in length from eyes to base fod of caudal; width of body behind pectorals, 7. Height of pectoral slant in front, 3 in snout to mouth; dorsals subequal; caudal, with no lower lobe, equal to pectoral slant. Color, uniform brown above, below light. Family RHINOBATID/. 12. Rhinobatus glaucostigma Jordan & Gilbert. Gut- TARRO. Very common on sandy bottoms in the estuary or Astillero at Mazatlan, where the species was originally found by Dr. Gilbert. Family NARCOBATID/E. 13. Narcine entemedor Jordan & Starks, n. sp. ENn- TEMEDOR. Two specimens taken in the estuary at Mazatlan, and 388 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 16 a third procured by Mr. James A. Richardson in the harbor of La Paz. Specimens had also been obtained by Dr. Gilbert, at Panama, in 1883, but having been de- stroyed by fire, the species has remained undescribed until the present time. Snout 334 in length of disk; preocular part of snout equals preoral; interocular space in snout, 1%; width of mouth, 2%. Eye much smaller than spiracle; spiracles edged with small tubercles. Length of disk equal to its width; disk equal to length of tail, without caudal fin; tail with a loose told of skin on each side. First and second dorsals equal, rounded behind; ventrals large, ending midway between posterior edge of disk and caudal fin. Color: Pale olive brown, a little clouded with darker; second dorsal edged with pale; dots on head dusky. , Length of largest: specimen,’ 20 inches: “ype. Ne: 1699, "5: Jr Univ. Mus. The Spanish name Axtemedor seems to be equivalent to /ntimidator. Family DASYATIDA. 14. Urolophus asterias Jordan & Gilbert. Rata. Very common in the surf and-on the sandy beaches about Mazatlan. Spinules on back and tail 18 to 32 in number. The upper side of the disk is marked with round dusky spots, faint, as if washed or faded out. 15. Urolophus rogersi Jordan & Starks, n. sp. Disk broader than long by a distance 2% times the interorbital width; anterior margins of disk nearly straight, the tip of snout projecting; snout from eye, 334 in length of disk; eyes little smaller than spiracles; width of mouth, 2% times in preoral part of snout; caudal spine inserted in front of middle of tail. Skin with minute prickles on 17 FISHES OF SINALOA. 389 margin of pectorals and on middle of back, leaving smooth areas near middle of pectorals and over branchial arches; 16 to 20 large spinules along median line of back and tail. Color, plain brown; caudal fin darker, edged with white. This species differs from Urolophus astertas, in having a wider disk, more acute snout, much smaller prickles,, and fewer spinules on back and tail. Three specimens obtained in the Astillero, the longest Eommches: im entire length — Dype, No. 1700, Ll. S~ |r. U. Museum. This species is named for Dr. George Warren Rogers, a scholarly physician, native of Vermont, but long resi- dent in Mazatlan. 16. Urolophus umbrifer Jordan & Starks n. sp. Occasionally taken with Urolophus asterias, but much less common. Disk round, not wider than long, its length greater than tail; snout pointed, not exserted. Snout from eye, 4% in disk; eyes equal to spiracles; mouth 2 in distance to tip of snout; caudal spine inserted in front of middle of tail; skin perfectly smooth. Color, brown above, with blackish cross-shades or bars, radiating from the shoulder; a dark band behind eyes, and one from eyes; caudal fin dark. One adult female specimen, the uterus containing four young. This is probably not identical with Garman’s Urolophus nebulosus, being perfectly smooth and different in color. 17. Dasyatis longus Garman. Rather common at Mazatlan, where specimens were also taken by Dr. Gilbert; also recorded by Mr. Garman 390 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 18 from Acapulco and from’ Panama, and by Evermann & Jenkins from Guaymas. 18. Pteroplatea crebripunctata Peters. MANTARAIA. Very common on sandy shores everywhere about Ma- zatlan, from which locality it was originally described; also taken by Dr. Gilbert. Width of disk twice length to posterior end of anal shit; snout forming a regular curve from a little in front of middle of pectorals, a very small blunt projection at tip; anterior margin of disk convex near snout and lateral angles, pectorals concave medially ; posterior margin weakly convex; posterior angle broadly rounded; lateral angle sharply rounded; distance from snout to a line drawn through lateral angles, 2% times in distance to tip of tail. Interorbital a little wider than its distance to tip of snout; eyes twice spiracles; mouth equals snout, 6% in disk. Tail rat-like, with a scarcely perceptible fold of skin on its dorsal side. Ground color olive brown, everywhere with small dark points, not so close set as in Pteroplatea rava, indis- tinct greyish spots, half as large as iris, scattered over the body among the dark points, these spots are more dis- tinct on anterior edge of disk; tail mottled with darker; lower parts light. Markings nowhere so distinct as in the next species. Several specimens, the largest 15 inches long. 19. Pteroplatea rava Jordan & Starks, n. sp. MAn- TARAIA COLORADA. One specimen taken in the Astillero at, Mazatlan. Length of disk 134 width; snout forming an angle which is almost a right angle: pectorals slightly concave medially; posterior margin of disk weakly convex; pos- terior angle not broadly rounded, but curved in some- what suddenly; lateral angles acute. 19 FISHES OF SINALOA. 3901 A line drawn through lateral angles would bisect a line from snout to tip of tail. Interorbital 1% in snout; eye 1% in spiracles; mouth 7 in disk, 1% in snout; tail straight and slender, with a very slight fold on dorsal side. Ground color light olive brown, thickly set with sharp cut black points; conspicuous grey or white spots, half as large as iris, scattered over the body, around which the black spots form rings; brighter yellowish spots and half spots around anterior edge of disk; tail mottled above with darker; lower parts chiefly light orange red or rust colored in life. All the markings are very distinct and clear cut, the red- dish of the belly conspicuous. One specimen, 12 inches long. Type No. 1587, L.S. Je Univ. Mus: 20. Aitobatus narinari (Euphrasen). GaAviLan. Rather common in the harbor of Mazatlan, where it was also taken by Gilbert; a beautifully colored species reaching a large size. Length of disk 1% in width; proximal half of anterior margin of pectoral fins straight, distal half convex; pos- terior margin concave, the end of each ray forming a ° small scallop; lateral angle sharp. Snout forming an angle, from its tip to division of nasal- lobes, 1% times breadth of head; width of snout 14 times distance from its tip to the division of nasal-lobes; nasal- lobes projecting back over the mouth; width of mouth 1% its distance to tip of snout; numerous blunt buccal papilla around upper dental plate and on ridge between nostrils; interorbital 434 in disk; eyes smaller than spir- acles, which are as long as base of dorsal. Ventrals well rounded, 3% in length of disk; tail 3% times disk. First caudal spine equals base of dorsal, which is half second spine. 392 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 20 Color bluish black with many round yellowish spots scattered equally over the back and ventral fins; spots about as large as eye on back, smaller on head, sometimes two spots run together forming an elliptical spot, about sixteen spots from eye along anterior margin of pectoral to lateral angle; posterior margin of pectoral very narrowly mar- gined with white; ventral side pearly white. From the description of £¢tobatus laticeps this species differs in the following respects: disk not so broad; tail not so long; width of head and snout less; ventrals not truncated behind; pectorals not margined with blackish; spots on ventrals not assuming the form of ocelli. Five large specimens obtained; length of disk in each, LS inches: This description has been compared by Dr. Barton W. Evermann, with specimens of .#¢tobatus narinart from Brazil. No difference of any importance appears, and in his judgment the Atlantic and Pacific Coast American forms are identical. Notrr.—This species has been several times obtained by Dr. Gilbert and others in the Gulf of California, hav- ing been identified as tobatus laticeps of Gill. It does not, however, agree with Dr. Gill’s description and there ~ is no evidence that his specimen came from Mexico. &/o- batus laticeps was described from an example from un- known locality received from San Francisco. It is there- fore quite as likely to have come from Honolulu or from China, as from the Gulf of California. The following is Dr. Gill’s description: ‘* A étobatts laticeps Gill. ‘«The greatest width is rather move than twice as great as distance from snout to front of anus. The head is broad and nearly equals the distance from snout to divis- ion of nasal lobes. The snout is obtusely angulated in front, and at its sides is convex and scarcely angulated; 21 FISHES OF SINALOA. 393 its width at a line in front of the nostril is as great as the distance from its point to interlobular nasal emargination, The rostro-frontal fontanelle is constricted at its anterior third; the interval between the crests of the anterior por- tion enters about 2% times in the interorbital area; at the constriction, about 4 times; at the posterior portion, about 2% times; the posterior portion gradually expands back- wards and terminates with an oval contour behind. The nasal lobes are about twice as long as wide, their length externally exceeding half the length or breadth of the rostral area. ‘*'The dental plate has a triangular contour; its anterior angle obtusely rounded. ‘*The dorsal commences immediately behind the pec- toral fins. The ventral fins almost truncated behind, be- tween the well rounded angles; their breadth 2% times their length. The tail is four or five times as long as the body. ‘) scales 28-9; eye equal to snout, 3% in head; interorbital 2; Gaudal 1 to 34; pectoral 1%.) Body rather elongate, shaped as in a Fundulus, the profile scarcely rising to dorsal. Teeth much as in Pecilia butler’, the outer smaller 414 ‘CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 42 than in dut/er7; broad and movable, apparently in two - well separated series, the inner row similar to the outer, but smaller. Fins all low and short, except anal in male, in which the first one or two rays are produced and extend back nearly to the caudal fin. Dorsal in temale inserted over middle of anal, behind anal in male: caudal truncate. Female greenish above, sides with violet sheen; three or four black cross bars. sometimes obsolete in adult, but very distinct in young: one or two blackish oblong spots before the anterior bar, representing other bars; a dark pencil-like streak on sides of body below the scales; a dark blotch on opercle; a trace of a dark ocellus on last ray of dorsal at base. Fins without spots: lower fins plain; a dark streak along edge of caudal peduncle; faint traces of black markings on edge of dorsal and caudal. Male much smaller, reddish, with the lower fins yellow- ish; the coloration generally similar; both sexes rather dull. Type, No. 2637, L.S.Jr., Unive Mus: Family ESOCID/E. 55. Tylosurus fodiator Jordan & Gilbert. Acuyjon. Common in the harbor at Mazatlan, where numerous specimens, large and small, were taken; the largest of these is about four feet long. t It reaches a length of five feet. Greatly valued as food in Acapulco: but not at Mazatlan, the people disliking it on account of the green bones. It often leaps at lights in boats, and is regarded as a species dangerous to fisher- men, as its sharp beak readily pierces their scanty cloth- ing. 43 FISHES OF SINALOA. 415: 56. Tylosurus stolzmanni (Steindachner). SIeERRITA. Occasionally taken in the harbor of Mazatlan, Where specimens, the types of 7y/osuwrus sterrita, were taken by Dr. Gilbert. One largé specimen obtained by us. Its ‘measurements differ somewhat from those given in the type of 7ylosurus sterrita. The distance between the eyes is 834 in head. The maxillary reaches beyond the ver- tical from front of pupil. The eye is 3 in postorbital part Ofibead.+, Lead mot,quite 2-in-length. 1D. 1.15; -Acj1or7- Pectorals with dusky specks, but not notably black at tip. This fish is probably identical with 7y/osurus stolzmannt, described by Steindachner from Tumbez, Peru. The snout in our specimen, as in the type of szevrzéa, is shorter than in 7ylosurus stolzmannt, Family HEMIRAMPHID. 57. Hyporhamphus roberti (Cuvier & Valenciennes). PAJARITO. Exceedingly common about Mazatlan, swimming in schools in open water, especially numerous in the bay; those of the same age and size go together. Schools of adults and schools of half grown specimens will be found, each moving about independently of the other. It is highly valued as a food fish, although distinctly inferior to Sav- dinella stolifera. Lower jaw, measured from tip of upper, two times length of rest of head. Snout, 2% in head. This species is found along the whole Pacific Coast of tropical America, and ‘from Cape Cod to the mouth of the Rio Grande, being everywhere common southward. We have seen no specimens from the West Indies. The type of Hemirhamphus roberti Cuvier & Valen- ciennes, came from Cayenne, coll. Poiteau. Through the kindness of our friend, Dr. F. Bocourt, of the Mu- 416 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 44 seum at Paris, we have received a drawing of this speci- men. In the drawing the lower jaw, from tip of upper, is 134 times length of head. The head, with lower jaw, is 1° times in length from tip ef upper jaw to base of caudal. The ventral is midway between front of eye and base of caudal. The name rvodert7 belongs, therefore, to the common long-jawed form; the short-jawed West In- dian form being //yporhamphus untfasciatus. Family SYNGNATHID/E. 58. Siphostoma starksii Jordan & Culver, n. sp. CuL- EVRA DEGRIOg gidlate coxx. Common in the Rio Presidio in sluggish water, on the bottom, about a mile below the village of Presidio. The species is probably found in brackish and fresh waters rather than in the sea. ; Head 10%; depth 21; dorsal: 38,-0n.:0--1o or: 11 rings. Rings 13 or 14-++37 or 38. . Head and .body in tail 2.. Snout 23 in head. Dorsal half longer than head. Body rather stout. Head scarcely carinate above. Snout with a slight smooth carina. Two lateral keels, confluent into one behind. Belly slightly keeled: no keel on opercle. Color, dark olive, much mottled with darker but with- out distinct markings; yellow below. Male and female common in the fresh waters of Rio Presidio among alge; not seen in salt or brackish water. The pouch of the male teeming with eggs in January. Length 4 to 6 inches. Type, No. 2686, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. 59. Siphostoma arctum Jenkins & Evermann. Two specimens taken in the Astillero at Mazatlan, both males, the egg-pouch filled with eggs. Length 4 inches. Previously known only from Guaymas. This species re- . 45 FISHES OF SINALOA. 417 sembles the preceding, but its dorsal fin has but 20 rays, being placed on o-+5 rings. 60. Hippocampus ingens Girard. CABALLITO DE Mar. Rare in the harbor at Mazatlan. Three male specimens and one female, each about six inches long, obtained. Also recorded by Dr. Gilbert. D. 19. Rings about 11-++36; dorsal on 3+2 plates. Spines on head and body high, with large fringed flaps and with many small papilla. Every 3d to 5th tubercle of dorsal series enlarged. Greatest depth 1,4, to 1% in head. Tail longer than rest of body. Snout moderate, 24 to 24% in head, rather longer than opercle, 2% times eye. Shoulder girdle with three tubercles; anterior spine on frontal triangle much smaller than the others. Color blackish, unspotted, faintly barred with darker; dorsal speckled with black and edged with white; papille on body pale, giving an appearance of scattered whitish dots everywhere; a white speck before eye; a faint trace of radiating streaks behind it; one specimen further dotted with black on body, the radiating streaks behind eye distinct. Here described from an adult male, 6 inches long. The female is entirely similar except that the body is much more slender, the depth 13 in head; the snout is longer, as long as rest of head. The male specimens agree fairly with the description of Hippocampus ingens. The female evidently corre* sponds to //zppocampus gracilis Gill. Family FISTULARIDZ. 61. Fistularia depressa Giinther. CorNETA. Common in the Bay at Mazatlan; many specimens taken with the seine in shallow water. Also, found in 418 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 46 ¢ abundance by Dr. Gilbert: not yet recorded from local- ities further south. Family ATHERINID/A. 62. Eurystole eriarcha (Jordan & Gilbert). Plate xxxii. One specimen found in a rocky pool by Dr. Gilbert; a second one taken by us with a seine on the sandy beach just south of Mazatlan. Only these two specimens are known, and the species is probably rare. This species is allied to the genus J/enzdia rather than to Atherina. It differs from the species of J/enzdza chiefly in the extremely long anal fin and in the smallness of its dorsal, which is unusually far backward. These characters have been used by Jordan and Evermann to define the genus Feurystole, of which this species is type. The mouth is shorter than in J/enzdza, but its structure is exactly the same. Head 5; depth-.5; ;dorsal 11—1, 10 er 12,\anal aye scales about 48.* Body short, deep, much compressed: head short, deep, about 4 longer than deep, rather broad above; opercles, truncate behind, the interorbital space about equal to eye. Mouth very small, terminal, very oblique, with curved cleft as in Jfentdia; the premaxillary very short, wide behind, with curved edge, slipping under the narrower maxillary; the premaxillary protractile, but not much movable; jaws subequal, the lower slightly included. Maxillary scarcely as long as eye, not quite reaching front of eye. Teeth rather large, hooked backward. Snout short, 3% in head. Eye large, 234 in head. Gill-rakers numerous, long and slender. Scales smooth, caducous, not easily counted, 21 before dorsal. Pectoral moderate, *Not to be exactly counted; the number (36-7) stated in our original description is an error. 47 FISHES OF SINALOA. 419 not falcate, inserted high, 114 in head, 6 in body, reach- ing to the middle of the small ventral. Belly not espe- cially compressed, not cultrate. First dorsal very small, slightly nearer snout than base of caudal, over first ray ot anal; last ray of dorsal much before last of anal. Anal very long, somewhat elevated in front, its base 3 times in length of body. Soft dorsal and anal scaleless. Color translucent green, very pale; back, lips and bases of vertical fins faintly dotted; lateral band very broad and highly silvery, about two-thirds as broad as eye; lower fins pale; air-bladder not visible through the flesh. One specimen, 234 inches long. 63. Thyrina evermanni Jordan & Culver, n. g. and n. sp. Plate sxc i Common in the estuary. In this species the structure of the mouth is exactly as in ZThyrina crystallina. It differs from that seen in J/enzdza only in having the upper jaw shorter. It is apparently closely related to the genus Atherinella of Steindachner, but it has not the toothed scales of the type of that genus, Atherinella Panamensts. The other characters of A/¢herznel/la—the great length of the pectoral fin, the great compression of the breast and the long anal fin—are shared by this species which we have made the type of a new genus, 7zyrzna. The name (@sp:s, window) refers to the translucent sides. Both Eurystole and Thyrina are intermediate between JZenzdza and Atherinella. Thyrina evermanni ditters from Thyrina crystallina in the longer anal, the more falcate pectoral, the smaller scales, more compressed breast and the absence of black on the fins. lead “43, ; depth 4% to 53- dorsal Iv, 1, 7; anal I, 23 tol, 25; scales 36-9; eye 2% in head; snout 33 in head; maxillary 3% in head; lower jaw 2% in head; 420 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 48 pectoral 1% longer than head, 3% in body; caudal slightly longer than head: interorbital space broad, nearly equal to eye. Body much compressed, the belly sharp edged, con- cave on each side below pectorals, as if pinched together between the fingers, the ribs reaching the edge, the scales passing around it; the edge almost carinate. Back narrow. Scales smooth, none on dorsalor anal. Mouth small, terminal, the short jaws curved, the structure pre- cisely as in J7enzdia, the teeth moderate, curved, those in the upper jaw longer; opercles oblique behind, not ver- tically truncate. Gill-rakers numerous, long and slender. Pectorals very long and falcate, reaching to front of anal and beyond tips of the short ventrals, their posterior mar- gin concave: spinous dorsal small, inserted midway be- tween edge of preopercle and base of caudal, about over sixth ray of anal; last ray of dorsal considerably before last of anal; base of anal 1% times length of head, 234 in body. Color, light green, much dotted above, translucent be- low; a black streak of dots along base of anal; some on sides of head; median line of back dusky; fins all pale; no black on spinous dorsal, ventral or pectoral; lateral stripe % width of eye, underlaid by black: a large, per- fectly transparent, space above front of anal, marking the posterior portion of the air-bladder. Length, 2% to 3 inches. Rather common in the estu- ary at Mazatlan. About twelve specimens obtained, numbered 2688 in the Ls So: Jc Univ. Mis. 64. Thyrina crystallina Jordan & Culver, n. sp. Rather common in the Rio Presidio in fresh water; not seen elsewhere. It is apparently not found in the sea, but confined to fresh or brackish waters. 49 FISHES OF SINALOA. 421 Head 434; depth 4% to 5; dorsal IV-I, 8; anal I, 21; scales 40-11; pectoral } longer than head, 4% in body; anal base more than half longer than head, 3 in body. eye 23, “im head; snout, 3% ; maxillary 27, ; lower jaw 2%. Body rather deep and compressed; snout shortish; opercle shortish, rounded behind; mouth small, the upper jaw very protractile, the premaxillary strongly curved: jaws equal; teeth rather strong, the outer curved, those in upper jaw largest; eyes very large, silvery; breast compressed, as in Thyrzna evermannt, but less sharp at edge, appearing as if pinched between thumb and finger; pectoral long, pointed, not truly falcate, reaching more or less past the middle of the short ventrals, its posterior margin not concave, the middle rays considerably more than half length of upper rays; dorsal and anal naked; gill-rakers numerous, long and slender; first dorsal small, behind front of the long anal, midway between gill open- ing and base of caudal; first ray of soft dorsal over about fourth of anal; last rays of soft dorsal considerably be- fore last of anal. Caudal lunate, the lower lobe the longer and broader, as long as head. Color, translucent green, with considerable dusky dottings, no yellow; fins dotted; ventrals black, as are lobes of second dorsal and anal; silvery stripe narrow, little more than half diameter of the eye; first dorsal and base of anal dusky; air- bladder evident through the translucent sides of body, but less clearly so than in 7hyrina evermannz. In fresh water, very common in the lower Presidio; many specimens taken; the longest 3% inches long. ype, INO.) 2685, d2...9..)r--Univ.. Mus. 422 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 50 Family. MUGILIDZE. 65. Mugil cephalus Linneus. Lisa Macno. Lisa CABEZUDA. Very common in the bay of Mazatlan; a fish of almost universal distribution on both coasts of tropical America, and extending to Europe. We are unable to distinguish the specimens from the two coasts one from another, and find no permanent difference between these and specimens from the Mediterranean. This species is largely used as food, and often enters lagoons and sheltered places. 66. Mugil curema Cuvier & Valenciennes. Lisa BLANCA. Excessively common everywhere, especially in the har- bor and estuary. This species is also valued as a food, but reaches a considerably smaller size than the other. In life the iris is tinged with orange, and there is an orange spot on the side of the head behind the eye. This species, like the preceding, is very widely distributed, being found on both coasts of tropical America. 67. Mugil hospes Jordan & Culver, n. sp. LisiTa. Plate xcxocte Rather scarce in the harbor at Mazatlan, where it oc- curs in company with schools of the preceding species; some eight specimens obtained by us. According to Dr. Gilbert, it is quite common at Panama, but the specimens obtained there by him*in 1883 were destroyed by fire, so that the species has not thus far received a name. Most specimens of this species have in the mouth or about the branchial cavity a small Crustacean allied to Onzscus or Cymothoa, the condition being similar to that seen in the eastern Menhaden ( Brevoortia tyrannus). This Crusta- cean is found in none of the other species of mullet and its presence is a distinctive character of the present one, which is also readily known at sight by the much greater 51 FISHES OF SINALOA. 423 length of its pectoral fins as compared with JZugz/ curema. The Crustacean is also common and characteristic of the same species at Panama. bead 27,to 4; depth 4 tow4, >. Dl IV=65 sAe Allo) scales 38-13; eye 4% in head; snout 4; maxillary 4. Body a little slenderer and more compressed than in Mugil curema, the back considerably more arched, the profile evenly curved from tip of snout to soft dorsal. Eye moderate, with a large adipose eyelid. Head broad and round above; interorbital width 22 in head. Teeth very small, perceptible with a lens. Tip of lower jaw forming about a right angle. Space between dentaries club-shaped, very much larger than in J/ugv/ curema, the . subopercles barely touching below. First dorsal inserted above middle of body nearly over tip of ventral spine. Second dorsal moderate; its edge incised. Upper lobe of caudal a little longer than lower, as long as head. Anal rather high. Ventral inserted before middle of pectorals. Pectoral very much longer and more pointed than in curema, 1% in head. Soft dorsal and anal covered with small scales. Color much as in curema, rather greener above, sides silvery, with less trace of longitudinal streaks. Fins pale; base of pectoral with a round black spot. Upper edge of pectoral and end of caudal dusky. No golden on head. Iris with a little brown, green above eye. Types, Nos. 1695, 2890, 2954, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. 68. Mugil setosus Gilbert. Four young specimens taken in a rock pool. The pec- toral is as long as in J/7ug7/ hospes, reaching the first dorsal, and there is a distinct dark blue spot at its base. Color bluish above, muchas in JZug7/ curema; much darker than in the original types of the species, with which our speci- 424 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 52 mens have been compared. The original specimens came from a bottom of volcanic ashes. 69. Cheznomugil proboscideus (Giinther). Lisira. Very common in rocky places, reaching a length of about 6 inches; not found by us in open water. 70. Querimana harengus (Giinther). VERDE. Very common in the bay and estuary; often seen swim- ming in schools on the surface after the fashion of whirli- gig beetles; occasionally taken in rock pools. Back bright green, in life with a large, shining, silvery spot on each side of the back. This spot becomes inconspicuous when the fish is taken out of the water, but is a prominent recognition mark while the fish is swimming. 71. Agonostomus nasutus Giinther. ‘TRUCHA. Extremely abundant in the fresh waters of the Rio Presidio, especially in the swift places or ripples. It reaches a length of over a foot, but most of the speci- mens are much smaller. Head 4 to 4%; depth 4% to 4%; dorsal IV-1, 8; anal usually II, 10, very rarely II, 9; scales 43-13; maxil- lary 3% to 377; eye 3% to 4% ; snout 3% to: 4; pectoral 1% to 1%; caudal equal to head. Body moderately elongate, not much compressed, nape prominent, rounded. Interorbital much rounded, 3 in head. Preorbital narrow, as wide as pupil. Mouth rather small; maxillary reaching front of pupil; lower jaw in- cluded. Eye large without adipose eyelid. Teeth small, in villiform bands. Gill-rakers slender, short, close set. Pectoral short, not reaching first dorsal. Ventrals under middle of its length, each with a small axillary scale. Anal and soft dorsal with the free edge concave; caudal well forked. First spine of anal very short, almost ru- Be FISHES OF SINALOA. 425 dimentary; second 3% in longest soft ray. First soft ray slender, but articulate, half length of longest ray.* Olivaceous, sides creamy, white. Many scales on sides punctate so that black scales seem scattered among the others. A conspicuous black bar at base of pectoral, followed by a white streak; a narrow black rim around lower half of eye. Fins all creamy yellow, the upper ones blotched and dotted with blackish. Young with a black blotch surrounded by orange on first dorsal. Spot on pectoral distinct at all ages. Family SPHYRAENIDZ. 72. Sphyrena ensis Jordan & Gilbert. Vicupa. Rather common in the harbor, where it was found by Dr. Gilbert; also recorded from Panama by Gilbert, and from San Bartholomé Bay and Panama by Steindachner. An excellent food fish, but reaching a smaller size than most species of the group. Family POLYNEMID. 73. Polydactylus approximans(Lay & Bennett). Raton. Very common, especially on sandy beaches; many specimens taken by us; also recorded by Gilbert from Mazatlan and from other localities. Used as food. 74. Polydactylus opercularis (Gill. ) Obtained by Dr. Gilbert from Mazatlan and Panama; not seen by us. Family HOLOCENTRID. 75. Holocentrus suborbitalis Gill. Mojarra Car- DENAL. Very abundant in all rocky pools about Mazatlan. It reaches only a small size, barely exceeding six inches, * Apparently taken for a spine by Dr. Giinther, who counts A, III, 9 2p SeErR., VOL. V. ( 28 ) August 15, 1895. 426 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 54 and its coloration is less red than that of the Atlantic species of the genus. Head -.33:depth 224 54D: Xi. 125° Ay TMs. sedles 3-36-7; longest dorsal spine 134 in head; longest dor- sal ray 13; caudal lobes 1%; third anal spine 13; pectoral 12; ventral rays 1, 7. Seven scales on cheek. Maxillary slipping under preorbital. Ventral with acces- sory scale. Dorsal lying in a groove. Body short and deep, compressed, with slender caudal peduncle; anterior profile rounded. Mouth small; upper jaw protractile. Teeth in villiform bands on jaws, vomer and palatines. Maxillary moderate, slipping under the very narrow preorbital, which, like rest of suborbital ring, is armed with close-set sharp teeth, turned backwards. Preopercle, opercle, subopercle, interopercle and postem- poral armed with similar teeth. Preopercular spine nearly as long as pupil; nearly as long as eye on large speci- mens. ‘Two spines on opercle. Steel gray, underlaid by bright coppery red, which be- comes brighter after death. Everywhere much punctate with black, the dots coarse. Sides, and especially back, with purple reflections. Top and side of head coppery; a curved bright silvery streak from tip of snout, below eye and around it, ceasing opposite middle of pupil. A vertical silver streak on edge of opercle and extend- ing out on spine. Head yellowish, upper lip reddish; lower with throat silvery. Dorsal brown, clouded with reddish and dark; dark brown near edge, then a series of grayish clouds; roundish, irregular, whitish spots at its base. Second dorsal reddish, its rays pale, its first two black; the caudal red, base pale; the upper and lower rays dark yellowish, darkest in young, the dark extending on peduncle above and below. Anal spines whitish, the soft rays bright red, the last ones pale, the first soft rays 55 FISHES OF SINALOA. 427 dark. Ventral reddish, the spine and first soft ray whitish, the first ray dark red; when the fin is closed it seems reddish, edged with whitish or yellowish, and with a blackish line. The dark is fainter in larger specimens. It is not impossible that Aehamphoberyx pacilopus Gill is the very young of this species. /thamphoberyx leuco- pus may be the young of Myripristis occidentalis, which has the ventrals plain. Family MULLIDE. 76. Upenus grandisquamis Gill. Cuivo. (Upenus tet- raspilus Giinther.) This small species, rarely exceeding a foot in length, is generally common in the harbor and estuary at Mazatlan, where it was found also by Dr. Gilbert. It seems to be everywhere common on the coast. Color evanescent, olive with two rows of light bluish green spots toward back, then a bronze band, then a blue streak on level of pupil; 2 or 3 yellowish streaks below it. Sides of head golden, with a light green streak for- ward from eye and some blue behind eye. A large black blotch below last dorsal spine. First dorsal reddish, clouded with dark. Second mesially black, edged with orange. Caudal and anal red. Ventral and pectoral pale. In alcohol much red appears. In lite, sides with curved light yellowish brown, cross bands most distinct on the silvery lower parts. Family SCOMBRIDEL. 77. Germo alalunga (Gmelin). Recorded from near Mazatlan by Lay and Bennett; not seen by us, it being probably a migratory fish coming in the spring or fall. 428 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 56 ‘ 78. Scomberomorus sierra Jordan & Starks, n. sp. SIERRA. Rather common in the harbor at Mazatlan, numerous specimens being taken; also found by Dr. Gilbert at Panama. This is not valued as a food fish, little attention being paid to it by fishermen. This, however, may be due to the lack of appreciation of good fishes by the people of Mazatlan, who have not learned the art of properly cooking any fish. This species is very closely allied to its Atlantic cog- nate, Scomberomorus maculatus. It differsin the slightly more backward insertion of its soft dorsal, in its colora- tion, the spots in maculatus being elliptical and fewer in number, and perhaps in the fewer pores in the lateral line (175 in maculatus). In Scomberomorus maculatus the soft dorsal is inserted one eye’s diameter before anal. Head 434 ; depth equal head; dorsal X VIII-15-IX;; anal IJ-15-IX; maxillary 134 in head; eye 5 in head; pec- toral 134; ventral 3%; dorsal and anal lobes equal, 134 in head. Body elongate, its dorsal and ventral outlines about equal; profile straight from snout to dorsal; head small and pointed; mouth large, oblique; jaws equal; maxillary reaching to posterior edge of orbit. Teeth large, com- pressed and sharp, 26 to 32 in each jaw; gill-rakers 4+11. Soft dorsal inserted almost directly over front of anal; lateral line undulating, about 165 pores. Silvery, above bluish, sides with numerous round brown- ish spots; three rows of spots below lateral line and one above. Spinous dorsal white at base, black above; soft dorsal tinged with yellowish; its margins black; anal white; posterior face of pectoral entirely black, anterior face yellowish with blackish borders; caudal black. Another example supposed to be a male has five rows 57 FISHES OF SINALOA. 429 of spots below the lateral line, these spots decrease in size towards the belly, covering both sides nearly to level of pectoral. iypes, 1720; 1.5.) Jr. Univ. Mus, 50 the largest, 24 inches long. Family CARANGIDE. 79. Oligoplites altus (Giinther). Monpa. One large specimen taken by us. Recorded by Dr. Gilbert from Mazatlan and Panama. 80. Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider). Monpa. Common in the harbor of Mazatlan, where it was also taken by Gilbert. On comparison of specimens from Mazatlan with others from Havana we are unable to find any difference whatever. The species called cxornatus is therefore fully identical with saurus. 81. Trachurops crumenophthalmus (Bloch). Common in the harbor at Mazatlan, where numerous specimens were taken; not recorded by Dr. Gilbert. Specimens have been compared with others from Havana and no difference of any kind is observable. Tvrachurops brachychirus must therefore be regarded as an exact syn- onym of Tvrachurops crumenophthalmus. 82. Caranx vinctus Jordan & Gilbert. Rather common in the estuary, where numerous speci- mens were taken. The original types were found by Gilbert at Mazatlan, and the species has been recorded from San Blas and Punta Arenas. 83. Caranx caballus Giinther. CojINERo. Extremely common in the harbor; also found in abun- dance by Dr. Gilbert. 430 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 58 84. Caranx medusicola Jordan & Starks, n. sp. Plate XXXIV. Rather common in the surf outside the harbor. Not found in the Astillero. The young from 1 to 2 inches long live in the body cavity of the large white jelly fish, which is very abundant about the Venados Islands in Jan- uary. Sometimes two or three specimens will be found in the body cavity of one jelly fish. Head ‘32."depth 23> DD. Vile1, 22 hor 7235 Aira or 18; scutes 30 to 32; pectoral { longer than head; dorsal lobe 1% in head; caudal lobe, as long as head; curve of lateral line 1% in straight part; height in chord 4; eye 4 in head; snout 3; maxillary 3; ventral 2%. Body unusually deep and compressed, the back ele- vated, the belly similarly arched: head moderate, deep, the nape arched. Mouth small, maxillary broad, with broad supplemental bone. Teeth in moderate bands, the outer enlarged but not canine-like; upper teeth rather larger and in broader bands. Villiform bands on vomer, palatines and tongue. Eye moderate; preorbital rather narrow. Gill-rakers rather long and slender, about 12 below angle of arch. Soft dorsal and anal with falcate lobes. Caudal well forked, the lobes equal. Pectoral very long and falcate; ventrals short. Lateral line rather strongly curved, with moderate armature. Breast entirely scaly. Clear blue above, silvery below; no bands or spots anywhere, except a small black axillary spot and a blue green patch on back of caudal peduncle; pectoral bright yellow; anal yellow, the lobe blackish; caudal grayish, the lobes black with whitish posterior edge; ventrals yellow. Length of largest specimens, 6 inches; “Pype, Nae 2645 LS. jr2 Unive Mis? 59 FISHES OF SINALOA. 431 Another example was, in life, blue above, silvery be- low; no dark spots on opercle or pectoral; pectoral bright yellow, very long. D. and A. and C. lobes, all tipped with black. Base of dorsal bright blue. Anal and ‘dorsal largely blue. Base of caudal peduncle green above. No trace of bands; a slight dusky shade on axil. The very young, taken from the body of a Medusa, may be thus described: Head 3 in length; depth 2%; dorsal IX, 24; anal II, I, 18 or 19; ventral with a sheath; scales minute; caudal keel scarcely appreciable; lower jaw projecting; mouth oblique; body deep, compressed; caudal peduncle slender, the fin short, moderately forked; pectoral short, not falcate, shorter than head; maxillary broad, reaching pupil; preorbital narrow; dorsal and anal not falcate; lateral line arched before, then straight; jaws with teeth; preopercle with flexible spines. Clear white, fins all pale, a bright violet blue area above and behind eye, fading in spirits; dark dots above; dorsals both dusky at tip. 85. Caranx marginatus (Gill). Not rare in the Astillero, where several specimens were taken by us. This species is well distinguished from Caranx latus, with which it has hitherto been confounded, since it was originally described by Dr. Gill. The follow- ing are its characters: : Head 3%; depth 2%; dorsal VIII-1, 19; anal II-1, I5; eye 3% in head; pectoral 3% in length, equal to head; ventral 7%; dorsal lobe 54%; caudal 3%. Dorsal outline of body evenly curved trom snout to caudal peduncle; ventral outline straight from gill open- ings to anal spine, behind which it is curved like the dor- sal portion. 432 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 60 Top of head, snout, lower jaw, orbitals, maxillary, lower two-thirds of opercle and preopercle naked; cheeks scaled; eye large, with membranous eyelid to posterior edge of pupil in specimens six or eight inches long, not conspicuous in young examples. Snout equal to eye, twice width of preorbital; lower jaw entering profile; maxil- lary reaching to posterior edge of orbit. Teeth strong, in a single row: lower teeth close together, with two canines in front; upper teeth larger, the distance between them irregular, not much enlarged anteriorly; vomer, palatines and tongue with exceedingly small villiform teeth. Gill-rakers hardly half eye, 4+13. Breast scaled; curved part of lateral line, 1% in straight part; scutes large, about 30; scales, 80. Color, silvery, bluish above with golden reflections below; a dark band along plates of lateral line; fins largely yellow, dorsal, anal and caudal, broadly edged with black; a distinct small black spot at upper end of gill-opening; a dark blotch on opercle, and one behind pectoral. Body more elongate than in Caranx /atus, the fin rays fewer, the eye larger and the coloration more yellow, with more black on the fins. 86. Caranx latus Agassiz. Occasionally taken in the bay at Mazatlan, and gener- ally distributed throughout the waters of the tropical Pacific and West Indies. We are unable to distinguish the specimens from the west coast of Mexico from the common West Indian form. 87. Caranx hippos (Linneus). ‘Toro. Very common in the sea about Mazatlan, occasionally entering the estuary. A food fish of some importance, reaching the length of two or three feet. We are unable 61 FISHES OF SINALOA. 433 to see any difference between specimens from the west coast and specimens from Havana. 88. Gnathanodon speciosus (Forskal). MojARRA DoRADA. ; , Very common in the harbor and estuary, being one ot the more valuable food fishes, the flesh being firm and delicate. We have compared specimens with others taken by Dr. Jenkins at Honolulu and find no difference. We have, therefore, no hesitation in continuing to identify our species (Caranx panamensis Gill) with this common East Indian fish, of which the oldest name is speczosus. In life, everywhere deep golden yellow, with black cross bands. 89. Citula dorsalis (Gill). PAmpano. Rather common in the estuary. Three specimens taken by us, one half-grown and the others adult, the change in form being strikingly marked, as will appear from the following descriptions: Citula dorsalis (half grown) : flead@3-; depth 134; D. WIEl,. 19; A. Ih s1507 5, eye 434 inhead, the orbit 3% ; snout 2% ; pectorals 2% in body, + longer than head; ventrals 3; caudal lobe equal to head; dorsal with one long filament, as long as body, reaching middle of caudal; anal with one filament; caudal mod- erately elongate, the lobes equal; pectoral very long, falcate, reaching tenth anal ray; ventrals small, reach- ing just past vent. Body deep, compressed, rather ovate than angular; profile straight from the vertical truncate snout to nape, then rounded, ‘then straight to front of dorsal. A nearly straight line from chin to front of anal. Eye rather small, preorbital deep. Mouth large, the lower jaw included. Teeth small, in broad bands on jaws, vomer and palatines, 434 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 62 maxillary reaching pupil. Cheek entirely scaly, some scales on opercle above. Breast naked, body well scaled. Body with small scales, the nuchal region naked, scarcely carinate. Gill-rakers rather long, 2+15. Lateral line evenly curved, the curve high, equal to straight part. Scutes small, eighteen with keels; the total number of scales on straight part 58. Steel blue above, silvery below, with golden reflections and shades; fins all pale, tinged with yellowish, none of them dusky; no black on pectorals. Axil jet black; opercle slightly dusky, blackish within; a dark spot on orbit above. Specimen described, ten inches long. Citula dorsalis (adult) : Length 24 inches; head 34 °;idepth 24% 504155 Awe About 25 scutes developed. Body moderately compressed, with angular outlines. Profile of head rounded, of belly somewhat concave, forming an angle at anal similar to one at front of dorsal. Eye 5 in head. Maxillary 2%; lower ‘jaw included. ‘Teeth in broad villiform bands on both jaws and on vomer and palatines. Nostrils large, equal, close together. Giull-rakers 3-+14, rather stout, shorter than eye. Dorsal spines nearly obsolete, three of them present; first dorsal ray filamentous, 134 in body. Long anal ray 234 in body. Caudal keel considerably elevated, with a small.keel above and below it; scutes not sharp. Caudal lobes subequal, about as long as head. Pectoral falcate, + longer than head. Ventral short, 3% in head. Curve of lateral line low, 1% times in straight part, its height 14 its chord. Maxillary broad, with very broad supplemental bone, its width % eye. Color, silvery, strongly tinged with golden, olive on upper parts, pearly reflections below. A large black spot in axil, nearly as large as eye. Fins pale. 63 FISHES OF SINALOA. 435 go. Alectis ciliaris (Bloch). PAmpano. Obtained by Dr. Gilbert; not’seen by us. We have hitherto been unable to distinguish the specimens of this species from the two coasts of Mexico. We are further- -more unable to find any distinction between the American form called crznztus, and the East Indian species, A /ec/7s ciliaris. We do not believe that any distinction exists, and therefore find ourselves compelled to believe that this species, like Caranx hippos and Caranx J/atus, is almost cosmopolitan in the tropical seas, ranging from the coast of Arabia to the West Indies. None of the three are found in the Mediterranean. gi. Hynnis hopkinsi Jordan & Starks, n. sp. PAm- PANO. Plate xxxv. One large specimen taken with the seine in the harbor at Mazatlan. leadi24 o"depth: 24 5;Di Vier, roy A, Il, 153 snout: 234; eye 3¢ in head; maxillary 234 ; pectoral, 34 in body: ventral, 24% in head; dorsal lobes 2 in head; caudal lobes 12 in head; anal lobe, 2%; preorbital, 4% in head. Body oblong, compressed, elevated, with angular out- lines, ventrals outline sharp. Top of head sharply cari- nate; profile nearly straight from snout to nape, there boldly convex, then nearly straight to elevated front of soft dorsal; a concavity in profile before soft dorsal and before anal. Mouth oblique, rather large, the jaws equal. Broad bands of small sharp teeth on jaws, vomer and palatines. Eye very large. Dorsal and anal lobes low. Lateral line with a long arch, as long as straight part, which has about twelve elevated scutes and thirty- seven scales in all from end of curve; curved part of lat- eral line undulating behind. Gill-rakers short rather few, twelve in all, those above angle obsolete. Body minutely 430 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 64. scaly. Belly and lower parts largely naked, a large patch ot scales on cheeks; head otherwise naked. Bright blue above, with bright reflections, sides bright silvery; no golden; a narrow brownish streak not quite so wide as pupil from upper part of gill opening to middle of base of soft dorsal. Pectoral tipped with black; axil of pectoral dusky. Upper fins rather dusky, lower white. Dusky on opercle inside and out but without definite spot. More elongate than Cvtu/a dorsalis, the anterior profile more convex, the base of dorsal and anal more elevated, the caudal scutes stronger and fewer, the ventrals longer though the specimen is larger. Gill-rakers fewer. Pec- toral long and falcate, reaching seventh anal ray. Ven- trals not short, reaching vent. Caudal moderate. One specimen obtained, twenty-six inches long, No. £503; L..5.° jr. Unive vis: We take great pleasure in naming this interesting fish for Mr. Timothy Hopkins, in recognition of his great in- terest in scientific research. We provisionally admit Cztu/a and f/ynnis as genera distinct from A/ectis. No structural characters of im- portance distinguish this group, and all these genera are merely form variations from Caran. g2. Vomer setipinnis (Mitchill). Recorded by Dr. Gilbert as common at Mazatlan and Panama; no specimens, however, were seen by us. It is not unlikely that this species disappears from the coast with the end of the rainy season. 93. Selene cerstedi Liitken. Recorded by Dr. Gilbert as frequently found both at Mazatlan and Panama. One specimen, sixteen inches long, taken by Ygnacio Moreno and sent to us. 65 FISHES OF SINALOA. 437 Head 3; depth 2; dorsal: V—r,,15; anal (IL). 1-14; eye 4 in head; snout 134; maxillary 234; ventral 3% ; caudal lobes equal to head; pectoral one-eighth longer than head. Body compressed and elevated; profile oblique, con- cave over snout then straight to occiput, which is well rounded; line of back straight to soft dorsal, then lightly curved to caudal peduncle; ventral outline rounded on breast to ventrals, then straight to anal, forming an angle at first ray, then straight to caudal peduncle. Mouth projecting, with minute teeth on jaws, vomer, palatines, and tongue; gill-rakers thick and blunt, many of them knobbed at tip—in old examples at least, one above angle with 3 or 4 rudimentary ones, and 13 below. A large bony knob at occiput, conspicuous in adult, the thickened supraoccipital crest. Pectoral falcate, reaching to tenth anal ray; dorsal and anal lobes filamentous, reaching past tips of caudal lobes; lateral line strongly arched; curve equal to straight part. Color silvery, with bluish reflections above, dorsal and caudal dark, pectoral, ventral and anal white; axil dusky. 94. Selene vomer (Linnzus). One large specimen obtained by us. Recorded by Dr. Gilbert as common at Mazatlan and Panama. It perhaps disappears with the end of the autumn, going farther south. Q5. Trachinotus paloma Jordan & Starks, n. sp. Pa- LOMA. A few small specimens taken in the surf at Puerto Viejo, just north of Mazatlan; other specimens were taken by Mr. Xantus on Cape San Lucas, and ‘still others were obtained by Dr. Gilbert in San Juan Lagoon. The species 1s apparently not common, and it is not known to "438 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 66 the fishermen. On the Atlantic coast, the very closely related Pampano, 7vachinotus carolinus, is one of the most valued food fishes. We are unable to see any difference of any importance between the present species and the Pampano of the gulf other than the fact that in the Sina- loan form the head seems to be larger and longer. On this difference we have ventured to give a new specific name to our specimens from Mazatlan. We shall not, however, be surprised if the species proves inseparable from Tyrachinotus carolinus. Allied to TZyrachinotus carolinus, but with the head larger. Head’ 3;..depth 2%; D/ VIE 247 A 11 10235 eye 3% in head; snout 3%; maxillary 2% ; dorsal lobe 1% ; caudal 17;: Body rather elongate, the back moderately and regu- larly arched; snout bluntish. Mouth large, horizontal, the lower jaw included, maxillary reaching past pupil. Lateral line little arched, its curve 1% in straight part. Teeth well developed. Caudal not widely forked. Silvery without spot or band; anal creamy orange, its tip whitish. Other fins pale, except dorsal lobe which is dusky. Axil silvery. A few specimens taken in the surf, the largest 2% inches ‘long. Type. No... 2690 L. S. Jr... Univ. fie: Other specimens taken by the Albatross in San Juan La- goon examined; some of these are five inches in length. 96. Trachinotus rhodopus Gill. ( 7rachynotus fasciatus Gill; Zrachynotus nasutus Gill.) Very common on sandy shores about Mazatlan, reach- ing the length of about a foot; not much valued as food. Readily distinguished at all ages by the reddish color of the lobes of the dorsal, anal and caudal. These lobes become considerably elevated with age, but at all times 67 FISHES OF SINALOA. 439 they are marked by shades of brownish red or maroon color. ‘There seems to be little doubt that the Zrachyno- tus rhodopus Gill is the young of the species which he called at the same time 7rachynotus fasciatus. The very young specimens to which Gill gave the name Zvachy- notus nasutus were probably also the young of the same species, but it may be that they were the young of 7rachr- notus kennedyt. Wr. Jordan’s identification of the great Pampano of the Florida Keys with Gill’s Zrachynotus rhodopus is doubtless incorrect. There is at present no evidence that any species of Zvrachinotus is common to both coasts of Mexico. Young specimens, 2% inches long. Blue above, white below, no bars. - Dorsal and caudal lobes black, with strong orange shade. Lobes of caudal orange brown, verging on black. Pectoral and ventral white. Specimens 6 or 7 inches long, have from‘ 3 to 5 narrow dark cross-bars, not quite so wide as pupil, running from a point on a level with pectoral fin to within a short dis- tance of the dorsal line of the back, but never quite to it; these bars vary in number and position; posterior face of pectoral fin dusky. Otherwise colored as the younger ones. g7. Trachinotus culveri Jordan & Starks n. sp. Pato- META. Plate xxxvi. Five specimens, each 7 inches long, obtained in the market at Mazatlan; no others seen. This species is re- lated to Zrachinotus faicatus of the Atlantic, but its fins are lower and different in coloration. It is also allied to Trachinotus kennedyz, but the body is much deeper and there is no black axillary spot. It does not seem possible that with age cu/vert should become transformed into kennedayt. Iiead 322; ‘depth 24, Vier, 17; A. Ik-1, 17% max- 440 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 68 illary 3 in head; eye 3%; snout 4% ; dorsal lobe 175 in head; pectoral 1% in head; caudal % longer than head. Body very deep, compressed, the back much elevated. Snout very blunt and convex, the rest of profile straight and steep; base of dorsal and anal very oblique. Dorsal and anal lobes rather low. Caudal long. Lateral line little elevated in front, the curve 1% in straight part. Gill-rakers very short, about 5+9. Teeth persistent, in specimens 7 inches long. Bluish gray, silvery below, tinged with yellow, every- where much soiled with blackish spots, no distinct mark- ings anywhere, the axil only slightly dusky; fins all dusky except middle of caudal and lobe of anal, and the ventrals which are whitish. Types, No. 2691; 1.8. Jr.Univ. Mus. g8. Trachinotus kennedyi Steindachner. PALOMETA. Two large specimens obtained in the surf. This spe- cies was originally described by Steindachner from Mag- dalena Bay, and has been recorded by Dr. Gilbert from Mazatlan and from Panama. Head 3%; depth at vent 2%; at anal 2,4; D. VI-1, 19; A. II, 1, 16. Curve of lateral line 1% in straight part. Eye 5 in head; maxillary 2%; dorsal lobe 14; caudal 4% longer than head; pectoral 14% in head; snout 32; least depth of caudal peduncle 3% in head. Body oblong, compressed, and elevated at bases of dorsal and anal. Anterior profile of head an even curve, the snout blunt and convex; line straight from nape to dorsal. Mouth moderate, very oblique, subinferior, the lower jaw much shorter than upper, the maxillary reaching to posterior border of pupil. Teeth obsolete. Tail widely forked, the lobes equal. Lobes of dorsal and anal low, not sharp. 69 FISHES OF SINALOA. 441 Gray above, with deep green reflections, lower half silvery, with strong golden tinge. Axil jet black, the color covering base of fin and extending behind for a distance nearly equal to eye, so that the fin does not cover ‘it; upper fins dusky, the caudal edged with paler, anal dusky with golden tinge, ventrals purplish white. Pec torals dusky ; maxillary with a black streak. gg. Seriola mazatlana Steindachner. Originally described from Mazatlan by Steindachner, but not seen by Dr. Gilbert or by us: probably a migra- tory species. Family NEMATISTIIDA. 100. Nematistius pectoralis Gill. PAPAGALLo. Very common in all the waters about Mazatlan; speci- mens reaching the length of about three or four feet found about the islands of Venados, Isla Blanca and Creston. Color silvery, iridescent bluish above, with black bands; the first across tip of snout; the second across interorbital, involving the top of membranous eyelid; the third from nape across opercle; the fourth including the first dorsal spine and running obliquely down on the belly, where it fades out at about the tip of the pectoral fin; the fifth running from middle of first dorsal obliquely to lateral line, then backwards along lateral line to upper lobe of caudal, including the whole upper half of caudal peduncle ; a sixth indistinct band, following the line of the back for a short distance, under the soft dorsal; upper part of maxillary dusky; long spines of dorsal with alternate bands of yellow and black, and much slaty-bluish at base ; soft dorsal and caudal uniform dusky; pectoral with a black spot on lower rays, not involving the axil; ventrals white; anal slightly dusky. Described from a specimen sixteen inches long. 2p SER., VoL. V. ( 29 ) August 15, 1895. 442 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 7O The two anal spines united with rest of the fin. No free anal spines. Ventral ray really I, 5, the inner ray very wide, made up of four branches so that the rays seem more numerous; ventral spine obscure. Anal fin short. Pectoral fin falcate. Both dorsal and ventral with sheath. Soft dorsal and anal low, the last ray slightly lengthened. Dr. Gill is probably right in regarding Vematzst7us as type of a family distinct from the Carangide. Family STROMATEID. tor. Rhombus medius (Peters). Originally described by Dr. Peters from Mazatlan; not seen by Dr. Gilbert or by us. Only the original type in the museum at Berlin seems to be yet definitely known. Family CHEILODIPTERID. 102. Apogon dovii Giinther. This species was found by Dr. Gilbert at Mazatlan, but was not seen by us. 103. Apogon retrosella Gill, CARDENAL. Plate xxxvii. Two specimens of this most beautiful little fish were obtained by us with dynamite off the Isla Blanca and Creston Islands. Only the very young, found by Mr. John Xantus, at Cape San Lucas have been hitherto known. Head 2%; depth 27%: scales 3-26-9; dorsal VI-1, 10; anal I1, 9; eye 27% in head; maxillary 134; snout 4%; interorbital 4; first dorsal 24%; second dorsal 13; caudal fa; Pectoral 134; uvemthal 1. Body rather plump, not much compressed, the profile rising steeply from snout to first dorsal. Caudal peduncle long and strong; eye very large; mouth large, oblique, the maxillary opposite posterior margin of pupil. Teeth small, the outer scarcely enlarged. Premaxillary pro- tractile; no supplemental maxillary. 7! FISHES OF, SINALOA. 443 Bright scarlet much dotted with black, cheek with many dark points, a diffuse dark blotch on opercle: a diffuse black blotch at base of caudal. First dorsal with triangular red area in front. Second dorsal red at base, _ the anterior half jet black above the red, the posterior half translucent. From black anterior rays, a rather faint black saddle falls to middle of side. Caudal red at base, upper and lower lobes black, the middle pale. Anal red at base, the anterior rays black, the posterior pale. Pec- toral white, the base deep scarlet. Ventral white, red at base, blackish at tip. Opercle reddish within, with some dusky. Preopercle minutely serrulate on its vertical margin only, these serrulations soft and easily rubbed off. A younger specimen was, in life, scarlet, deeper below and on tail, fading on fins; second dorsal, anal, and caudal tipped with blackish. An oblong inky spot at middle of base of caudal. An inky bar below soft dorsal extend- ing to level of pectoral and spreading on base of soft dorsal. depth: 2-vdorsal’ X1, 1,253 anal dg: eve 3% in head; snout 434; maxillary 2%; longest dorsal spine 134 ; longest dorsal ray 24% ; second anal spine 24% ; ventrals 14%; pectoral 12; caudal fin 1%. Body oblong, moderately compressed, not much ele- vated; dorsal outline uniform from tip of snout to caudal peduncle; ventral outline rounded from chin to breast, then straight to anal spine, then slanting obliquely upward to caudal peduncle. Snout blunt, shorter than large eye: upper jaw slightly projecting, teeth small and sharp, in one or two irregular series in lower jaw, in several series in upper jaw, the outer row slightly enlarged: maxillary extending to pos- terior edge of pupil; chin with four large pores; edge ot preopercle covered with skin, which is serrated on the edge. Gill-rakers slender, 9-13: scales ctenoid on the body, cycloid on the head; scales 8-56-11. Spinous dorsal a little higher than soft dorsal; first dorsal spine very short, second about 5 times longer, third twice as long as second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth subequal, the others rapidly shorter; first anal spine very small, the second many times longer and stouter, but shorter than soft rays; ventrals inserted behind pectorals and reach- ing beyond them; caudal truncate. 468 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 96 Ground color silvery, but so closely set with small dark brown points as to almost obscure the silver; sides with about four faint dark cross bands and with conspicuous black stripes following the rows of scales, about 11 hor- izontal stripes below lateral line, those above slanting ob- liquely upward anteriorly, but becoming horizontal pos- teriorly, tips of ventrals and anal black, other fins dusky. Described from a specimen 8 inches long. 157. Bairdiella icistia (Jordan & Gilbert). This pretty species is not rare in the Astillero at Ma- zatlan, where specimens were obtained by Dr. Gilbert and by us. It has not been noticed elsewhere. 158. Ophioscion scierus (Jordan & Gilbert). The species was obtained by Dr. Gilbert at Mazatlan; notseen by us. It is more common southward, having been taken by Dr. Gilbert at Punta Arenas and Panama. 159. Micropogon ectenes Jordan & Gilbert. VeERRU- GATO. This species is a rather common food fish about Mazat- lan, reaching a length of 18 inches. Numerous speci- mens were obtained both by Dr. Gilbert and by us. It has not been noticed at any other locality. 160. Umbrina xanti Gill. Coporniz. This species is very common about Mazatlan, reaching a length of 15 inches, and being frequently brought into the market. It is generally common along the coast. 161. Umbrina dorsalis Gill. This species seems to be scarce at Mazatlan, where a few specimens were found by Dr. Gilbert mixed with those of Umbrina xanti Gill. No specimens were ob- tained by us. It has elsewhere been noted only at Cape San Lucas. 97 FISHES OF SINALOA. 469 162. Menticirrus simus Jordan. This species was described from specimens obtained by Dr: Gilbert at Mazatlan. A single very small one was obtained by us in the surf north of the city. 163. Menticirrus panamensis (Steindachner). Taken by Dr. Gilbert at Mazatlan; not seen by us. 164. Menticirrus elongatus (Giinther). VERRUGATA. This species is very common in the surf on the sandy beaches about Mazatlan. Specimens were also obtained by Dr. Gilbert. Elsewhere it has been recorded only from Chiapam, whence came Dr. Giinther’s original types. Family GERRID. 165. Eucinostomus californiensis (Gill). Mojarra CANTILENA. (Dapteris californiensi’s and gracilis Gill. ) Excessively common in the estuary, being by far the most abundant species, not excepting the White Mullet. It is rarely used as a food on account of its small size, its length when adult ranging from five to ten inches. The second interhemal bone in this species is developed in a very singular manner, being short, much expanded and hollow, the broadly open upper end being occupied by the posterior part of the air-bladder, the structure being the same as in the genus Ca/amus, but more highly de- veloped, the bone being shorter and. more largely ex- cavated. This structure is seen also in FAucénostomus gula, harengulus, and probably others. As Gerres gula (= argenteus )is the type of the genus EHucznostomus, this structure may be held to define that genus as distinct from Gerres. ‘There can be no question as to its generic im- portance. In Gerres proper, the second interhamal is 470 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 98 long and spear-shaped, very much more slender in pro- portion to its length, not hollow and not receiving any of the air bladder. ‘This structure is seen in Gerres cinereus (Walbaum), in Gerres peruvianus Cuvier & Valenciennes, and in Gerres lineatus Humboldt, as also in several West Indian species. Fuctnostomus californiensis is generally common along the west coast of Mexico, from Guaymas to Panama. It is probably, however, not found in the West Indies, the closely related Aucznostomus harengulus being appar- ently a different species. The specimens called califor- niensis by Gill, having the premaxillary groove semi- oval or ()-shaped, seem to represent the adult of this species. Those called gvacz/7s, with the premaxillary groove linear, are the young or half-grown. Still others, especially adults, have the premaxillary groove round, forming a pit, and every intermediate character may be found. At first we thought it possible to separate calzforniensis and gracilis as distinct species. The careful re-examina- tion of some 200 specimens leaves us wholly unable to separate them, as all grades of variation occur. Appar- ently the premaxillary groove is linear in the young, grow- ing broader with age, but the changes very irregular. The name Hucrnostomus californiensis has priority over E. gracilis. Norre.—The genus Gerres was established by Cuvier in the second edition of the Regne Animal, the name being based on seven species as enumerated by him, rhombeus, oyena, aprion, poteti, lineatus, argyreus and filamentosus. One of these species must, therefore, be chosen as the type of Gerres. In 1842, Ranzani estab- lished the genus Deapterus on auratus, a species closely related to rhombeus, or rather to the allied o/7sthostoma. In 1850, the name Catochenum was proposed by Cantor as 99 FISHES OF SINALOA. 471 a substitute for Gerres, regarded as preoccupied by the earlier name Gerrzs, applied by Fabricius to a genus of insects. The name Catochenum can only be used if Gerres is regarded as ineligible. By the rules followed by ‘us, Gerres must be retained, being spelled differently from Gerrts. In different publications of Poey, plumzer? is made the type of Gerres, although it is not one of Cuvier’s original species. Bleeker substitutes Dzapterus tor Ger- res and Catochenum, specifying Plumzer7 as its type, while Gill and Poey have used the name Dzapterus for the allies of gula, to which the name Hucrnostomus had been applied in 1855 by Baird and Girard. Although A/wmer¢ cannot be made the type of Gevres, it seems to us that the cog- nate species /7zeatus can be so regarded. If this view is adopted, the restricted Gevres of the present paper would correspond exactly with the restricted Gervres of Poey and Gill. This fact certainly justifies us in choosing /7neatus as the type of the genus. There can be no doubt of the generic value of Auczn- ostomus (gula) and of Ulema Jordan & Evermann MS. (lefroy:), as distinguished from Gerres. Of the other groups represented in American waters, \ystema Jordan & Evermann MS. (ccnereus) seems to be a valid genus, while Diapterus (auratus) should stand rather as a sub- genus of Gerres. Duapterus difters from Gerres chiefly in the entire preorbital. Xystema has the preopercle as well as preorbital entire, while U//ema has the second in- terhemal very short, and the two spines of the anal are themselves scarcely enlarged. Moharra Poey (rhombeus ) difters from Diapterus only in the presence of two anal spines instead of three, a character of low importance, as the relation of the species included in the two groups is very close. The exotic genera of this group have not been studied by us. 472 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. IO0O The specimens recorded by Eigenmann from San Diego Bay as Gerres cinereus var. (Amer. Nat., 1891, 156) seem to be Hucznostomus californiensis. 166. Xystema cinereum (Walbaum). Mojarra BLANCA. Very abundant at Mazatlan, being one of the staple food fishes, and reaching a length of nearly two feet; its flesh is of an excellent quality. The species was found by Dr. Gilbert at Mazatlan and Panama, and seems to be generally common along the coast. Like the rest of the genus, it occurs in shallow water on sandy bottoms, away from the surf. 167. Gerres peruvianus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Mo- JARRA DE LAS ALETAS AMARILLAS. This small species is abundant at Mazatlan, although less common than Lucinostomus californiensis, and A‘ys- tema cinereum. It rarely exceeds six inches in length. Gerres brevirostris Sauvage, from Rio Guayas, near Guayaquil, is not evidently different from this species. 168. Gerres lineatus (Humboldt). Mojyarra CuInNa. ( Gerres axillaris Ginther ). Rather common at Mazatlan, with the preceding, but reaching a rather larger size, from eight to twelve inches, and frequently used as food. It was found by Dr. Gilbert at Mazatlan, and has been recorded from Acapulco by Humboldt and Bradley, from San Blas by Nichols, and from Chiapam by Giinther. Family CIRRHITID. 169. Cirrhites betaurus Gill. The young of this species, from two to six inches in length, are very abundant in rock pools about Mazatlan, where numerous specimens were obtained by us, as well IOI FISHES OF SINALOA. 473 as by Dr. Gilbert. These small specimens are identical with those obtained by Xantus at Cape San Lucas, the types of Czrrhites betaurus. It has been supposed that these are the young of Cvrrhites rivulatus Valenciennes, -abundant about the Galapagos and Revillagigedos, as no differences except those of color appear. The color differ- ences are, however, strongly marked, and we are disposed to let Czrrhites betaurus stand provisionally as a distinct species. The coloration of detawrus has been well de- scribed by Dr. Gill; that of rzvu/atus is well figured by Dr. Giinther. First dorsal fin bright orange red in life; second red- dish; cross bands on body black. Family CICHLIDAZ. 170. Heros beani Jordan. MojaArra VERDE. Common in the deeper and more quiet places in the Rio Presidio, especially just below the village of Presidio. It reaches a length of about eight inches, and is occasion- ally taken by the hook, its habits being very simiar to those of the abundant sun fishes as seen in the more northern waters. Adult light olive, banded with darker; black spots on each scale. First dorsal edged with dark red, the two black blotches and black bars obsolete. Young with the bars distinct; no blue, yellow or red in life. Family POMACENTRID/E. 171. Eupomacentrus rectifrenum (Gill). PrEscapo AzuL. (Pomacentrus analigutta Gill. ) This beautiful fish is very abundant in the rock pools about Mazatlan. It is excessively wary and hard to catch. Great changes in coloration, due to age, have been no- ticed by Dr. Giinther and others. The chief peculiarity 2p SER., VOL. V. (31) August 15, 1895. ° 474 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 102 is in the greater uniformity in coloration of the adult, in which the blue shades become obscure, and the ocelli, so conspicuous in the young, are more or less lost. This species is exceedingly close to Awpomacentrus fuscus (Cuvier & Valenciennes), a species found on the Brazilian coast. Comparing specimens from Bahia with ours from Mazatlan, we note that in /. rectzfrenum the blue markings persist longer and that the scales on the head are smaller, more crowded and more mixed with small scales in /. rect¢frenum than in Eupomacentrus fuscus. Head.92 45 “depth! 22 (Da Wxnl, t2 36° 1A beri isealcs 3-28-9; eye 4 in head; snout 23; D. lobe 12; C. upper loberr2 ss Vornas Pw tdes Preorbital and preopercle strongly serrate. Teeth firm, flattened, not notched. Lateral line ending under ninth dorsal ray. Caudal lunate, the upper lobe the longer. Dorsal and anal rounded, ventral filamentous. Gill-rakers short, slender, weak, numerous. Color of adult (5% inches) nearly uniform blackish olive, darker on head, back and fins, paler on pectoral and on axil, where is a yellowish area below the small axillary spot. The coloration of the young and partly grown has been well described by Dr. Gill. Dr. Gill’s last account (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila, 1863) of this and *eelated species is most excellent. The only error of importance contained in it is the failure to examine the teeth of ‘*Pomataprion’’ bairdi and dorsalis. Pomataprion is identical with A/7crospathodon. 172. Eupomacentrus flavilatus (Gill). PrEscApo AzuL DE Dos CoLorEs. Plate xlii. This little fish is equally abundant with the preceding in rock pools. It seems to reach a smaller size. The 103 FISHES OF SINALOA. 475 differences between the two are comparatively slight but very persistent, and we believe that the two species are fully distinct from each other. In life Aupomacentrus flavilatus is the most beautiful fish found on the coast of Mexico, showing a most intense shade in the blue of its back and the orange of its sides. Both this species and the preceding were found at Cape San Lucas, but only Evupomacentrus rectifrenum has been taken at Panama. An irregular line from snout below eye to soft dorsal divides the fish into two parts; below this line all is bril- liant yellow with an orange shade, deepest on anal; above allis the brightest sky blue. Scales darker, but all edged with sky blue, six sky blue stripes on upper part of head. An indigo spot on base of first soft dorsal and _ last dorsal spines extending on back, this surrounded by a ring of sky blue; a similar smaller ocellated spot on back of caudal peduncle. 173. Abudefduf* saxatilis (Linnzus). Common in rock pools about Mazatlan, where it was obtained in abundance by Dr. Gilbert and by us. The largest specimens were taken by dynamite off the Vena- dos Islands. Careful comparison of these specimens with others from the West Indies shows no difference whatever. Glyphisodon troscheli Gill, the name given to the Pacific Coast form, is therefore fully synonymus with A dbudefduf (or Glyphisodon) saxatilts. In life, bright greenish yellow above with steel blue bands. Dorsal like back; other fins dusky; axillary spot faint. In alcohol, the color is a slaty brown tinged with red- * Abudefduf Forskal seems to be identical with Glyphisodon and is en- titled to priority, notwithstanding its barbarous form. 476 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 104 dish brown below, showing faint dark cross bars, with no bright color anywhere, the yellowish green of the back being last to fade; behind the pectoral each scale has a white spot, these form white lines that run back to a little past the tip of pectoral. All fins dark except pectoral, which is colorless. 174. Abudefduf declivifrons (Gill). This species occurs in rock pools in abundance every- where about Maxatlan, in company with Adudefduf saxa- felis, from which its duller color readily distinguishes it. In life, dusky brownish with many pale spots on edge of scales; these vary a good deal; cross bands blackish; no bright colors. Black spot at base of pectoral con- spicuous, a good mark, varying in size, larger in older specimens. 175. Microspathodon bairdii (Gill). Plate xliii. Numerous small specimens taken in the rock pools in company with Hupomacentrus flavilatus, a species which the present one closely resembles in color, and which scarcely excels it in brilliancy. This species has been well described by Dr. Gill. It seems to reach only a small size, none of ours being more than two inches long. It differs from the other species of JZ¢crospathodon in its low fins and in color. The latter may be a matter of age only, but this does not seem likely, as the young of Microspathodon dorsalis (called by Dr. Gill guadrigutta) has essentially the coloration of the adult. Apparently four species of A/zcrospathodon exist on the west coast of Mexico, but it is possible that all are forms of one protean species, for which the earliest specific name is dorsalis. Head 3; ‘depth 2; dorsal 21); 16;> anal’ Tl, 135 ever, in head; pectoral 1%; anal % longer than head; soft dorsal and anal lobes equal 1% in head; caudal lobe 1% in head. 105 FISHES OF SINALOA. 477 Body compressed, ovate; profile convex; mouth wide, lower jaw included; teeth in a single row and movable; gill-rakers small and numerous; head entirely scaled; scales on body large 3-30-9; scales running well up on fins; lateral line high, ending under last dorsal ray. Color: Body divided into two parts by a line from the opercular flap to posterior end of soft dorsal, below this line itis rich, bright yellow, above it is sky blue, darker on head, with brilliant sky blue spots; a chain of these spots following the suborbitals below eye; a spot at angle of mouth, two converging lines of spots more or less run together from tip of snout to upper edge of orbit, each scale on nape with a spot and a few scattering spots on opercle; scales on upper part of body edged with dark; a dark spot on caudal peduncle anteriorly edged with sky blue; fins all more or less dusky except anal and ventrals, which are white and edged with black. 176. Microspathodon dorsalis (Gill). ( Pomacentrus guadrigutta Gill.) A single specimen 4 inches in length was obtained in a rock pool on the Peninsula called Vijia, by Mr. George B. Culver. This specimen corresponds almost perfectly to Dr. Gill’s account of Pomataprion dorsalis. A smaller specimen entirely similar was also obtained. The distinctions be- tween this species and Microspathodon bairdii are con- stant though slight. Pead™ 33 depth ®r.; 0D 2, 165A. IL, 125 sealesege 28-10; eye 2% in head; snout 4; D. lobe 1; C. lobe equals head; P: 1%; V. equals. head. Body compressed, the profile rounded, depressed before eye so that snout projects. Gill-rakers numerous, very short, ‘slender; closé set. Preorbital deep: Preorbital and preopercle entire. Teeth in a single row, movable. 478 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 106 Dorsal spines rising to the last, subtruncate, flattened, each with a brown vertical streak in center; the soft rays and lobes of caudal much produced, as also ventrals. Deep indigo blue on body and fins; no pale edgings to any of the fins; three round sky blue spots above lateral line, the one near its beginning, the one under front of spinous dorsal, the third under last spine, the first smallest, the other two as large as pupil; a larger sky blue saddle in axil of last soft ray. Head with many sky blue spots everywhere, those on preorbital and suborbital coalescing in a blue streak; another streak behind angle of mouth, and another above eye. Axil sky blue, a bar of sky blue across end of snout. Angle of snout sky blue. 177. Microspathodon azurissimus Jordan & Starks n. sp» Plate xhv. A surpassingly beautiful little fish, obtained by dynamite from the rocks about the Venados Islands. Three spec- imens were taken, the largest twelve inches in length. This species seems to agree fully with JZzcrospathodon dorsal?s, except in coloration, in the greater elongation of the lobes of the fins and in the greater depth of the pre- orbital and other bones of the head. All these latter may prove to be differences of age. The change in the color- ation can hardly be of this nature. Another species of this type, Wicrospathodon cinereus Gilbert, has been de- scribed from Socorro Island. This is very close to dor- salis and azurissimus, but is of an ashy gray color and has a greater number of accessory scales on the large scales of its body. Pending investigation, we admit all four of these color torms—#azrdiz, dorsalis, cinereus and azurissimus—as distinct species, which they probably are, although the differences between cevereus and azurissimus may be derived from the character of the bottom, cznereus having been obtained trom a bottom of volcanic ashes. 107 FISHES OF SINALOA. 479 Hiead’'3°3: depthi23 DAI “16 ean Eras eve: (5 1n head; snout nearly 2; pectoral 1%; highest dorsal spine 3 in body; ventral 2% in’length; anal lobe 2%; dorsal lobe 134 in body. Body compressed and deep; dorsal outline from snout to caudal peduncle uniform; breast prominent and well rounded, behind which the ventral outline is straight to anal spine, then slanting obliquely upward to caudal pe- duncle. Mouth wide with thick lips: the teeth flat, sharp and movable, in a single row in each jaw, those in the upper jaw are arranged in a crescent, in the lower jaw they are in a straight line in front, but at the sides they describe nearly a right angle and run back; isthmus with a notch made by the prominence of the breast. Tip of snout, maxillary and lower jaw naked; head everywhere else with scales, the scales on cheeks in about 5 rows; scales on body large, 3-28-99; all the fins with scales. Accessory scales very few. Lateral line running high and ending under last ray of soft dorsal; gill-rakers numerous, short and weak, about 5-21. Pectoral short and rounded at the tip; ventrals with the middle rays produced, 2% times ventral spine, reaching past vent to anal; spinous dorsal low; with the exception of the first the spines are about equal; soft dorsal and anal falcate and filamentous, the dorsal lobe slightly the longer, not quite reaching to tip of caudal fin; caudal widely forked, the lobes falcate, the upper lobe the longer; the middle rays are contained 3% times in the upper caudal lobe. Specimens described twelve inches in length (Nos. GLO, 1626 and 2005, Lo. jr. Univ. Mus:). In life, deep indigo blue, with traces of olivaceous cross-shades. Pectoral, dorsal and caudal edged with bluish white. Eyes violet. : The species feeds on plants. 480 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 108 Family LABRID. 178. Harpe diplotenia Gill. A single young female specimen was obtained by us at Mazatlan. This species is rare in collections, but is apparently not uncommon around the rocky islands. It has been recorded from Cape San Lucas by Xantus, and numerous specimens from the Revillagigedos have been taken by Dr. Gilbert. The form called Harpe pectoralis Gill is the male of the same species of which //arfe diplo- tenia Gill is the female. 179. Pseudojulis notospilus Giinther. This small species is common in rock pools about Mazatlan, where numerous examples, the largest about six inches long, were obtained by us. It was found in these pools by Gilbert, and has been recorded from Pan- ama by Giinther. Coloration of adult blue green; bar across base of pec- toral very bright: no dark spot behind eye; corners and tip of caudal pale, as in young. Each scale of posterior part of body with a small sky blue spot at tip; edges of scales bluish, the base olivaceous. Axil blue, golden be- hind. Breast and throat pale salmon color, with bluish streaks and shades; cheeks yellowish, snout blue. Young with blue spots more distinct, especially one behind eye. Adult with four dark shades on back extending on dorsal, the largest at front of soft dorsal; blackish spot diffuse, not ocellated. Caudal with faint bluish cross- streaks on faint bronze ground color, the angles broadly whitish; anal bronze with three bluish streaks, the tip pale. Ventrals dusky edged. Young colored like adult but brighter, a paler olive streak from mouth across opercle above pectoral to base of caudal, this obsolete in adult. Dorsal unlike that of 109 FISHES OF SINALOA. 481 adult. First dorsal bronze with bluish cross-streaks, the large black blotch ocellated with blue and with a patch of bright yellow before and behind it. Interspaces between this and the two other, smaller black spots also bright light’ yellow. 180. Halicheres dispilus (Ginther). Plate xlv. This beautiful little fish was found to be rather abun- dant in the branches of the Astillero which cross Isla de las Piedras south of Mazatlan. Unlike most species of the group, it lives on the muddy bottoms, and is abundant about the roots of the mangrove, which border the muddy branches of the Astillero. It reaches a length of about six inches. A few specimens were also obtained in tide pools with sandy bottom. Head 3%; depth.4; dorsal IX, 11; anal II, 12 6 in head; snout 34%; maxillary 44%; pectoral 1%; anal eye 3; caudal fin 2. Body slender and compressed; dorsaland ventral outlines similar; head pointed, the profile slightly convex: mouth small, the jaws equal; teeth in a single row: canines }in front of jaws; at the posterior end of the premaxillary is a single strong, sharp tooth, pointing forward, and entirely below the angle of mouth. Lateral line high, following the curve of the back to the eighth dorsal ray, where it curves sharply down through two rows of scales, and then runs straight through middle of caudal peduncle to tail; pores of lateral line simple; scales large 2-27-10; head entirely naked; gill-rakers very small and pointed 6+-7. Dorsal spines slender but pungent: caudal slightly round- ed, the upper angle slightly acute; ventrals short not fila- mentous; scales before dorsal in about six rows, not cov- ering middle line. Length of specimen described, five inches. Number 29047 1L.>:;\t.iUmiv. Mus. 482 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Tel © In life olive green, a bright blue streak, narrow and somewhat interrupted, from eye to base of caudal; a broader dark bronze streak just below it, containing a series of small dark spots, mostly arranged in threes, the last one darkest, at base of caudal, just above middle line, these obsolete in adult; below the bronze band, a faint blue streak, then a broad brown one, then a short one, bright sky blue bounding the belly, ending over the mid- dle of, anal; belly and throat pearl white. Head cherry red and bronze anteriorly, becoming olive in all specimens behind, mottled with blue; a dark blue edged spot behind eye; a large black spot smaller than eye below fifth dor- sal spine, the spot crescent shaped, bordered with yellow behind, mostly on one scale. Iris red. A golden cres- cent at base of pectoral. Dorsal bright orange, bluish below. Caudal cherry red. Anal bright orange. No spots on fins. Larger specimens deeper in color, the head cherry red, a dark spot bordered with blue behind eye. Pectoral not black. In alcoholic specimens pearly streaks appear on sides of head and behind pectoral. Found by Dr. Gilbert at Mazatlan. Specimens have also been obtained at Panama by Giinther, and at Acapulco by Steindachner. Our specimens differ somewhat- in color from those described by Dr. Giinther, especially in the hue of the head and caudal and in the presence of a black spot be- hind eye. They are, however, probably not specifically distinct. 181. Thalassoma lucasanum (Gill). Obtained by Dr. Gilbert at Mazatlan; not seen by us. Also recorded by Mr. Forrer from ‘Tres Marias, the original types taken by Xantus at Cape San Lucas. IACI FISHES OF SINALOA. 483 Family SCARID. 182. Scarus perrico Jordan & Gilbert. PERRICO. This large parrot-fish is rather common about the rocky islands near Mazatlan. A single specimen was obtained by us. The original type was found by Dr. Gilbert at the same locality. The fins of another specimen were found on the beach at La Paz by Mr. James A. Richard- son. Body olive brown. ‘The markings, fins, teeth and spots on head all bright blue green. Family EPHIPPIDZ. 183. Chetodipterus zonatus (Girard). Occasionally seen at Mazatlan, several specimens be- ing taken by us in the Astillero. It was found by Dr. Gilbert at Mazatlan and Panama. The original type ot the species came from San Diego, where no author sub- sequent to Girard has seen it. It is probably generally diffused along the coast, although less abundant than the corresponding species (Chetod7pterus faber L.) is in the Atlantic. Chetodipterus zonatus agrees with Chetodipterus faber in nearly all respects. The chief differences are that behind the great band from soft dorsal to analin C2. zonatus there are two other bands; one under middle of soft dorsal, the other at base of caudal, both distinct com- plete rings; no other bands. The third dorsal spine is not very high, being only about half length of head, and about twice height of the fourth. Dorsal VIII-1, 18; anal II, 16; scales 7o. Long rays of soft dorsal and anal 4 longer than head. s 484 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. L1I2 Family CHAATODONTID. 184. Chetodon humeralis Giinther. MuUNECA. Exceedingly common in the Astillero, especially on rock bottom. It reaches a length of about six inches, and is seldom used as food, although its striking color, which has suggested the name of J/ueca or doll, makes it an object of attention. 185. Pomacanthus zonipectus (Gill). MojArra DE LAS PiepRAS. ( Pomacanthus crescentalts Jordan & Gilbert. ) Not uncommon in rocky places about Mazatlan. Two specimens were obtained by us with dynamite about the wreck of a French man-of-war in the Astillero. Smaller specimens, very different in color from the adult, and hence taken by us to bea distinct species ( Pomacanthus crescentalis), were obtained by Dr. Gilbert at Mazatlan and Panama. The original type of the species was taken at San Salvador by Capt. Dow. Description of the adult of Pomacanthus zontpectus: Head 324; depth 143)" D2 XE 23a wil 20 ene opercular spine longer than eye, 3% in head. Last dor- sal spine 1% in head. Longest dorsal ray 4 longer than head, falcate. Anal rounded. Caudal short, truncate, 1% in head. Pectoral moderate. Ventral very long, 4 longer than head. Preorbital equals maxillary, 1% in / head. Eye 3% in head. Interopercle with one stoutish spine. Preopercle very finely serrate. A large hump at nape in adult. Dark gray, blackish posteriorly, most scales with black centers; edges of scales, bright sky blue in life, espe- cially posteriorly; a triangular bronze yellow patch in front of line connecting pectorals with ventrals, then a diffuse blackish bar from front of dorsal along region be- hind pectorals to ventrals, then a broad curved bar of EL3 FISHES OF SINALOA. 485 yellow, obscured by blackish centers of scales: behind this a diffuse blackish area; breast vermiculated with blue and yellowish; a blackish bar covering most of head, be- hind which the opercles and nape are yellowish; jaws pale bluish; dorsal orange, vermiculate with sky blue, the edge bright sky blue, below which is orange; caudal orange, vermiculated with sky blue, the edge orange, the very margin blackish. Anal blackish, vermiculated with sky blue; pectorals light orange, marked with grayish blue. Ventrals largely blue-black, tipped with orange, the spine bluish. Family TEUTHIDID. 186. Teuthis crestonis Jordan & Starks n. sp. Bar- BERO Necro. Plate xlvii. Common in the Astillero and in rocky places about the islands. Also obtained by Dr. Gilbert in 1881 at Mazat- lanand Panama. These specimens having been destroyed by fire, have never been described, and were provision- ally and incorrectly referred to the West Indian species Teuthis tractus (bahianus ), from which this species dif- fers in a few respects. lewd. 24°5 depth i. “Dlx 20:-A. Ill; 24>\‘snout 1% in head; eye 3%; pectoral equal to head; caudal 4 longer than head; longest dorsal spine equal longest soft ray, 1% in head; ventral 14 in head. ' Body deep and compressed, the anterior profile steep, convex before eye; caudal lunate, the upper ray 4 longer than middle one, ventrals very long. Body slaty brown, mottled with gray but without bands; dorsal with a bluish gray band at base, then a bronze one, forking on soft dorsal inclosing a bluish gray band; five gray bands and four bronze ones on dorsal more or less distinct, especially in young; anal with five bluish gray 486 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. I14 and five bronze bands more oblique than those on dorsal and hence not continuous the whole length of fin; caudal peduncle black, a whitish yellow cross-band behind spine, faint in adult, the anterior margin vertical, the posterior concave; rest of caudal black. Pectoral yellowish; ven- trals dusky, the spine black. Adult with the pectoral quite yellow: pale band at base of caudal growing faint with age: a blue streak along base ot dorsal. Numerous specimens, the largest about six inches in length, numbered 2899, in the L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. 187. Xesurus punctatus (Gill). Cocuiniro. Plate xlvi. Young specimens very abundant in rock pools about Mazatlan, hitherto known only from Cape San Lucas. It was not found by Dr. Gilbert at Mazatlan. Most of our specimens were secured by the use of the fish poison called gervo. By pouring this liquid into the rock ‘pools at low tide this and several other species were obtained in numbers. This gervo or gerbo is the milky juice of a tree called ava, abundant in the forests about Mazatlan, and apparently allied to the S¢trychnos nux-vomica. In rock pools no specimens exceeding two inches in length were found. Several very large specimens were obtained with dynamite about the islands of Creston and Isla Blanca, where the species reaches a length of 16% inches. Description of adult: Head 4; depth 2; dorsal VII, 26; anal II, 23; snout 1% in head; eye 5%; pectoral long as head: ventral 144; caudal 1%; second dorsal spine 2. Body deep, compressed, covered with fine velvet. Cau- dal with three stout compressed blunt spines, with broad bases, the tips turned upward. Some specimens with no other spines; others with many spines, similar in form 115 FISHES OF SINALOA. 487 but much smaller, scattered over posterior half of body; most numerous about the other spines. Gill-rakers ex- tremely small and weak. Caudal evenly lunate. Pecto- ral not falcate; anterior profile concave before eye then convex, the short conic snout projecting; lower jaw in- cluded. Preopercle obliquely placed, its bony edge slightly roughened. Color in life olive green, slightly paler below, every- where evenly covered with small round black spots, close- set and not confluent, the largest about equal to nostril. Caudal peduncle and fin abruptly bright yellow, unspotted. Other fins colored like the body and similarly spotted, the spots more sparse, the edges dusky with few spots. Large caudal spines whitish, their bases black; other spines all black. Among the young two different styles of coloration were noticed, but all probably belong to the same spe- cies: I. Specimens with the caudal yellow are more dusky, the dark spots much smaller and more distinct than in the others. Ground color of back light steel blue gray, lighter below head. Caudal canary yellow, clouded with dark at base, the yellow running forward on caudal pe- duncle. 2. Specimens with the caudal white have ground color lighter, more milky in general, much more silvery below eye, the silvery forming an irregular triangular patch on breast and opercle; caudal gray and white, black at base, white running forward slightly on caudal peduncle; dark spots on body forming pale reticulations, above lateral line white patches. Body deeper than in yellow-tailed specimens. Both have the first dorsal and anal black at base, other- wise mostly white: white line bounding the back: dark 488 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 116 bar from nape to eye; snout dusky; breast and opercles silvery. This species is the type of the genus Xesurus Jordan & Evermann (MS.), distinguished from Przonurus by the armature of the caudal peduncle, as above described. Family BALISTIDA. 188. Balistes polylepis Steindachner. PEz PuERco. Generally common in rocky places on the coast from Magdalena Bay to Panama. Many specimens were ob- tained by us, the largest of them sixteen inches in length. It was found at Mazatlan also by Gilbert and by Steind- achner. 189. Balistes naufragium Jordan & Starks n. sp. PEz PUERCO DE PIEDRA. Four specimens obtained with dynamite, about the wreck of a French man-of-war in the Astillero at Mazatlan, in company with Pomacanthus zonipectus. The largest ot these was fourteen inches in length. Allied to Balrstes carolinensis. Head 3; ‘depth 14;\D. [2755 A> 245) scales sone rows on cheek; snout 1% in head; eye 5; ist D. spine 12; longest ray 1; longest anal ray 1%; upper caudal lobe 1%; pectoral 2%. Body very plump, not strongly compressed; no streaks on cheeks; no spinules on caudal peduncle; afew larger scutes behind gill-openings; groove before eye, slight not naked. Lateral line traceable for most of its length. First dorsal spine very stout, the third remote, moderate. Dorsal moderately elevated and falcate. Anal rounded. Caudal double concave, the pointed outer rays longer than the rounded inner ones. Dark dull olive green, nearly plain, edges of scales 117 FISHES OF SINALOA. 489 largely pale blue, especially toward the tail; faint traces of numerous dark cross-bands.. Fins dusky olive, the pectoral and first dorsal paler, base of pectoral dusky. itvee No. ro56..S.. jr, Univ. Mus: 190. Pachynathus capistratus (Shaw). CocuHeE. Common in rocky places about the islands of the Ven ados, Creston and Isla Blanca; many specimens obtained. This species was found by Gilbert at Mazatlan, and by Steindachner at Cape San Lucas. We have thus far been unable to find any distinction between the American form and the common East Indian species, to which the name caprstratus was first given. ‘Two markedly differ- ent types of coloration were obtained, supposed by us to be of the two sexes, since no other difference except that of coloration is noticeable. In all specimens ob- tained, however, the sexual organs were so immature that the sexes could not be distinguished thereby. Specimens supposed to be female dull olive with darker clouds; no yellow on posterior parts which are scarcely paler behind; fins all plain olive blackish; streak behind mouth light bluish, very faint, soon fading after death: lower lip blue, then golden, then a blue ring, then yel- low, then bluish; upper lip livid, bluish above. Others supposed to be male are in life dark olive clouded with darker; posterior part of body deep yellow, below median line; fins blackish; first dorsal bright olive vellow on membranes; green on caudal membranes, the rays black. Anal reddish. Streak behind mouth bright red in one specimen, whitish in another. Upper lip livid blue then orange, then golden, then livid blue or purplish, then orange, then crimson, then dark. Still other specimens were marked with whitish shades instead of red. 2p SER., VOL. V. (32)) August 15, 1895. 490 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 118 Family TETRAODONTIDZ. 191. Spheroides annulatus (Jenyns) var. po/ztus Girard. TAMBOR. Very common everywhere in the Astillero. Specimens entirely smooth, and those variously prickly, were ob- tained; prickly ones, both young and old, were found, but no very young which were smooth. There seems to be no specific difference recognizable among these. All of them, however, differ from specimens taken farther south in the larger size of the dark spots and in a some- what greater tendency to smoothness of the body. All of these, smooth or rough, seem to belong to the form called folitus, which is probably the northern form or representative of Spheroides annulatus. 192. Spheroides lobatus (Steindachner). BoTere. Rather common in the estuary with the preceding, reaching a smaller size, the largest seen not over six inches in length. The species was first described by Steindachner from Altata, but until its recent discovery in the Albatross collections it was confounded with Spheroides angusticeps (Jenyns), from which it 1s prob- ably distinct, although the latter, entirely smooth and uniform dusky in color, may prove to be the adult form. In both species the two small black flaps on the shoulder are present, and in both the interorbital space is very narrow and concave. Specimens taken at La Paz by Mr. James A. Richardson are intermediate in color, but retain the prickles. In life grass green, with maroon colored spots and markings. I1g FISHES OF SINALOA. 491 Family DIODONTID/E. 193. Diodon hystrix Linneus. PuErco Espino. Very common about rocky places, especially among the islands, where it was also found by Dr. Gilbert. All specimens taken belong to the typical Dzodon hystrix. Diodon holocanthus, if different, is unrepresented in our Mazatlan collections. Family MOLID/E. 194. Mola mola (Linneus). .PEz Mota. Found in the open sea from San Francisco to Mazat- lan. It was seen at the latter locality by Dr. Gilbert, but not by us. Family SCORPAENIDZAE. 195. Scorpena mystes Jordan & Starks, n. sp. Lapon. Plate li. Common in the Astillero, on the bottom. Very tena- cious of life, and much dreaded by the fishermen from the poisonous sting of its dorsal spines. Allied to Scorpena plumieri Bloch, which species it represents on the Pacific Coast. Head) 24; depth 3%; dorsal Xie 105; anal Til s); scales about 30; orbit 6% in head; maxillary 2; pec- toral 2; highest dorsal spine 3%; second anal spine 3; caudal 2. Body robust, not much compressed; interorbital space wide, not deeply concave, % wider than orbit; a pit be- tween preorbital and eye, and a broad depression behind coronal spines; membranous flaps on preorbital, edge of preopercle, over nostrils and above eyes; preocular, su- praocular, tympanic, coronal, occipital, nuchal and exoc- cipital spines present. Maxillary reaching to behind eye; lower jaw included; gill-rakers short and thick, about 492 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. LZO 3+ 6; head naked, with the exception of a few imbedded scales on preopercle and posterior part of opercle; scales on body large, many of them with membranous flaps. Olive-brown almost black, marbled with light drab; opercular flap with pale edge; the fins much spotted and marbled, all except spinous dorsal, with white margin, more distinct in the young; caudal fin showing three in- distinct cross-bars; axil jet black, with white spots. Largest specimen fourteen inches long. This species differs from Scorpena plumiert in having a wider and flatter interorbital area; the lower jaw wider and more rounded in front; the knob at symphysis not so sharp and projecting; the pit behind coronal spines broader and not so deep, and the color darker. This species was also obtained at Mazatlan by Dr. Gil- bert, who identified it provisionally as Scorpena plumieri. Types numbered 1501, 1616, 1617;'2019 on the) leaoe Jr. Univ. Mus. register. 196. Scorpena sonore (Jenkins & Evermann). This small species is not uncommon in the Astillero, where numerous specimens, none of them over three inches in length, were obtained. It has hitherto been recorded only by Jenkins & Evermann from Guaymas. Gray above, the flaps pinkish, the bars blackish; lower parts pink, bright on ventrals and anal; axil orange, mottled with dusky; ventrals and pectorals black at tip, edged with pale. Middle rays of pectoral slightly divided at tip, not all of them being strictly simple. Family TRIGLID. 197. Prionotus horrens Richardson. Two small specimens, each about two inches long, ob= D>? tained in the Astillero. E27 FISHES OF SINALOA. 493 Family GOBIND. 198. Philypnus lateralis Gill. AsBoma pr Mar. Common in the Rio Presidio and occasionally taken in the Astillero, especially where the fresh water soaks into “i. "The species is common in fresh waters along the coast, but has not hitherto been noticed at Mazatlan. 199. Dormitator maculatus (Bloch). PUuNerEca. Rather common in the Rio Presidio and also in the brackish waters about the estuary. The young occur in considerable abundance in the mud puddles left by the winter rains or by the high tides. It reaches in the river a considerable size, and is a food fish of some importance, said to be the most valuable in the Rio Presidio. It is generally common along the coast, as well as everywhere along the Atlantic side. 200. Eleotris equidens Jordan & Gilbert. Guavrina. Rather scarce in the Rio Presidio, where only one young specimen was obtained by us. A few others were found in brackish waters or muddy places about the es- tuary. Blackish everywhere, sides with faint whitish streaks, along rows of scales; a broad blackish lateral band occu- pying whole of side; back and belly paler; traces of faint dark cross-bands; caudal black, with a pale margin and some dark cross-shades; pectorals, dorsals and ventrals more or less barred with black; a whitish bar at base of caudal-with a darker one before it. Scales 68; preopercu- lar spine well developed. 201. Cotylopus gymnogaster (Ogilvie—Grant). Recorded from streams about Mazatlan; not seen by us. 494 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. I22 202. Awaous tajasica (Lichtenstein). ABoMA DE Rio. Found in company with Phzlypnus lateralis, from which most fishermen scarcely distinguish it. It is rather less abundant in the river, and was not noticed by us in the Astillero. Elsewhere on the coast it has been recorded only from the river at San José del Cabo in Lower Cal- ifornia, where it was found by Mr. Lyman Belding and more recently by Dr. Gustav Eisen. Comparison with specimens from Havana shows no differences. 203. Gobius soporator Cuvier & Valenciennes. Car- MAN. Found in abundance in all rock pools, ascending far- ther above the low-tide mark than any other marine spe- cies. It does not occur in fresh water. There seems to be no difference between these specimens and those trom the Gulf of Mexico, where it is found everywhere in water not exceeding two feet in depth. 204. Gobius sagittula (Giinther). A few small specimens, not over four inches in length, found in the Astillero on muddy bottoms. It was also taken by Dr. Gilbert at La Paz, Mazatlan and at Panama. Gobius longicauda, described by Jenkins & Evermann from Guaymas, is no doubt the adult of the same species, as Dr. Gilbert has already indicated. Head 4%; depth 64%; caudal 2 longer than head; eye 3% in head; maxillary 2%; snout 3%; scales about 52, the first 37 very small; dorsal VI-13; anal 14; skull with a median lengthwise ridge; interorbital space narrow, channelled; skull somewhat broader behind; scales before dorsal minute; head naked; scales ctenoid, much. re- duced anteriorly; lower jaw short, included; no flaps on shoulder girdle; maxillary reaching to pupil; dorsal spines £23 FISHES OF SINALOA. 495 slender, some filamentous; caudal lanceolate; teeth sharp, rather small, the outer larger; lower jaw thin and flat, its acutish tip elevated. Olive, speckled and marbled; side with five oblong black spots, the smallest at base of caudal; a black blotch on opercle; dark cross-bars under soft dorsal; head much mottled; dorsal speckled; caudal with ten zigzag cross- bars of dark specks; pectoral faintly barred; anal and ventral plain; a dark curved streak about yellowish base of pectoral; lower lip dusky; a blackish cross-blotch above gill opening. In the adult, called Godbzus longicauda, the caudal is much longer, but there is no other difference of impor- tance. 205. Gobius manglicola Jordan & Starks n. sp. One specimen found in the mud of the Astillero among the roots of mangrove bushes ( PAzzophora mangle ). Head 4%; depth 5%; D. VI-12; A. 12; scales about 35, not to be exactly counted; caudal lanceolate, 2% in body; pectoral about equal to head; dorsal spine slender, not filamentous, 1% in head; eyes large, close together, the range partly vertical, the narrow interorbital deeply furrowed; no flaps on shoulder girdle; scales moderate, ctenoid anteriorly, becoming smooth behind; median keel on head slight; head naked. Body long, compressed, the head depressed, the cheeks tumid; snout bluntly truncate; mouth large, the maxil- lary reaching the middle of eye, not produced backward, truncated behind, somewhat oblique, the lower jaw a lit- tle the longer; lower jaw flat; teeth strong, the outer in both jaws enlarged; cranium without median crest, ab- ruptly widened behind eyes. Color light olive mottled with darker; six oblong blotches of blackish on sides as in Godzus boleosoma, the Ag6 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. I2 4 last at base of caudal; dorsals and caudal finely check- ered and barred with dark brownish orange and blackish; anal mottled; a dark shoulder spot; a dark bar before eye and one below eye; ventrals dusky, the edge pale. The species seems nearest allied to Gobzus sagittula. One specimen, 1% inches long, numbered 3095 on the eS. yrs Univ. Meus? eotster: 206. Garmannia paradoxa (Giinther). Plate xlix. A single specimen found on muddy bottom among the mangroves lining the estuary. Head 3%; depth 4%; D. VI-11; A. 9; eye 4 in head; snout 44% ; pectoral 1% in head; dorsal spine 13. Form of Gobzosoma bosct. Body compressed; head broad and depressed, with tumid cheeks; snout not very blunt, short, oblique-truncate; eyes rather large, high, the maxillary not produced, extending to their posterior margin; mouth large, oblique; lower jaw heavy, slightly projecting; teeth strong; gill-openings narrow, not wider than base of pectoral. First dorsal rather high, the first spine filamentous, reaching past soft dorsal; other fins low. Head and anterior half of body to front of soft dor- sal naked; scattering scales coming in above, twelve rows of imbricated slightly ctenoid scales along median line of caudal peduncle and forward to middle of soft dorsal, the scaled area about as long as head, the upper parts better scaled than lower. No flaps on shoulder girdle. Olivaceous with seven or eight dark cross-shades—two on head, one across gill-openings, one behind pectoral, and a broad one below soft dorsal; dorsals dusky, the fil- amentous ray pink; lower half of soft dorsal yellowish, upper dusky; lower fins black; caudal dusky; a dark speck at angle of opercle; skin everywhere punctate with black; a pale olive bar at base of caudal. 125 FISHES OF SINALOA. 497 Skull without median crest. Interorbital space not concave. Head not very abruptly widened behind eyes. One specimen 1% inches long obtained. ‘This spec- imen differs but slightly from Giinther’s account of Go- bius paradoxus, a species which is the type of the genus Garmannia of Jordan & Evermann (MS.), distinguished from Gobcéus by the half-naked body. The genus is named for Mr. Samuel Garman, the accomplished ichthy- ologist of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cam- bridge, Massachusetts, in recognition of his important contributions to ichthyology. oven. and 207. Aboma etheostoma Jordan & Starks, n. g Mens poe eater L. A single small specimen found in the mud ona shallow bottom in the Astillero. ABOMA, new genus, allied to J/zcrogobius Poey, distin- guished by the large, ctenoid scales, which cover the body; head naked, rather long, pointed in profile, the mouth moderate, not very oblique; teeth rather strong. Dorsal spines more than six, none of them filamentous; soft dorsal and anal short; no flaps on shoulder girdle. Cranium with a slight median crest. The name Adoma is used by the Mexicans in Sinaloa as synonymous with goby. Besides the new species, A doma etheostoma, which is the type of this genus, probably Godsus chiquita Jen- kins & Evermann, and Godius /ucretiw EKigenmann & Eigenmann, will be referable to it. ; Rlead 314: sdepthn say DV lll—rr;,A.).107 scalesy26; longest dorsal spine 134 in head; eye 3; snout 4; max- illary 3. Body long and low, moderately depressed and pointed forward. Scales large, ctenoid behind, none on head, those on nape and belly much reduced. Mouth moderate, terminal, moderately oblique: the maxillary reaching 498 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 4 £26 middle of pupil, jaws subequal or the lower a little the longer; teeth rather strong. No flaps on shoulder gir- dle. Cranium with a slight median crest. Interorbital ridge not hollowed out; skull not abruptly widened be- hind. Color olivaceous, side with a very broad jet black lat- eral band, three times interrupted by silvery. Caudal white with four < shaped bands, growing progressively fainter behind. Pectoral mottled gray, with a jet black oblique crescent towards its base, surrounding a large yellow spot, side of head with four round gray spots sep- arated by black, the largest below eye, with a black streak before it. First dorsal jet black; second mottled; the produced spine with yellowish. Ventrals and anal pale. One specimen, 1% inches long, in the Museum of the Leland Stanford Jr. University. 208. Evermannia zosterura (Jordan & Gilbert). Plate li. Very common on sandy bottoms everywhere about the estuary, numerous specimens being dug out of the sand by Mr. Williams. It is seldom found much if any below the mark of low tide. It is a very handsomely colored species, the male being more strikingly marked than any other of our Gobies. The species has hitherto been known only from a single specimen taken by Dr. Gilbert at Ma- zatlan. Head 34%; depth 6; dorsal 1V-15; anal 14; eye equals snout, 5 in head; pectoral 1%; caudal 1. Body compressed, profile convex; snout short, not very blunt; eyes high, the maxillary reaching to their posterior margin; mouth oblique, jaws equal. First spine of dor- sal filamentous, reaching to middle of soft dorsal (male). Body entirely naked. Body everywhere speckled with dots of dark-brown. . 27 FISHES OF SINALOA. 499 Male sometimes with traces of eight olive cross- bands. Fins very ornate, the dorsal and anal yellowish at base, then a broad median band of jet black, then a broad white margin. Middle of caudal yellow to the tip, with a black ‘band above and below, and a white edge above and _ be- low this as in dorsal and anal; no bands on tail. Female with dorsal filament short, reaching about to first soft ray. Dorsals and anal checkered with blackish; caudal faintly barred; all vertical fins with pale edgings, but without the black stripe of the males. Family GOBIESOCIDA. 209. Gobiesox adustus Jordan & Gilbert. Obtained by Dr. Gilbert in rock pools at Mazatlan. Rare and not found by us. 210. Gobiesox erythrops Jordan & Gilbert. Found rare in rock pools at Mazatlan by Dr. Gilbert, who also records a specimen from Tres Marias. Not Seen Dy. US. 211. Gobiesox zebra Jordan & Gilbert. Very abundant in rocky places at Mazatlan, especially among sea urchins. Numerous specimens were obtained by us, as also by Dr. Gilbert. The coloration is quite variable, although the markings are rather constant. In general, light pink with mark- ings of gray, blackish and olive; a distinct dusky blotch behind eye and a dark bar across caudal. 212. Gobiesox eos Jordan & Gilbert. Found in rock pools at Mazatlan by Dr. Gilbert. Not recorded from any other locality. Two specimens obtained by us from rock pools among echini. The bright cherry red coloration is distinctive and persists in alcohol. 500 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 128 Family OPISTOGNATHID/E. 213. Opistognathus punctata Peters, : The original type of this species was described by Dr. Peters from Mazatlan. It was also found by Dr. Gilbert at Panama, the two specimens mentioned being as yet the only ones known. Family BLENNIIDAE. 214. Isesthes brevipinnis (Giinther). This species was found to be rather common in rock pools at Mazatlan both by Dr. Gilbert and by us. 215. Rupiscartes atlanticus (Cuvier & Valenciennes. ) This species is very common in rock pools about Ma- zatlan, where it reaches a length of about six inches. It was found in numbers by Dr. Gilbert at Mazatlan, but has not been recorded from localities farther south. Mr. Charles H. Townsend found it at San Cristobal Bay, and Mr. John Xantus at Cape San Lucas. Thus far no dif- ference has been found between these specimens and. those from the West Indies. Body liver brown, paler below. Fins mostly blackish ; an orange area on upper edge of caudal; a yellow one tinged reddish below. Eye red posteriorly. 216. Rupiscartes chiostictus (Jordan & Gilbert). Only the original types of this species found by Dr. Gilbert in the tide pools at Mazatlan have been recorded. It was not seen by us. Family CLINID. 217. Labrosomus xanti Gill. Very common at Mazatlan in rock pools with AuZzs- cartes atlanticus (Cuvier & Valenciennes), and reaching 129 FISHES OF SINALOA. 501 about the same size. It was also found by Richardson at La Paz and by Gilbert at Mazatlan. It has been recorded from Cape San Lucas by Xantus and from San Cristobal Bay by Townsend. The Pacific form called Labrosomus ‘xanti seems to be scarcely if at all distinguished from the West Indian form, zuchipinnis, cognate to it. The only difference we have found is in the dentition of the vomer, and this may not be constant. 218. Labrosomus delalandi (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Extremely common in rock pools at Mazatlan, where it was also found by Dr. Gilbert. It has not been no- ticed from any other locality on the Pacific Coast. Thus far we have not been able to distinguish it from La- brosomus delalandi of the coast of Brazil. 219. Enneanectes carminalis (Jordan & Gilbert) n. gen. Plate liii. : Four specimens, types of the species, were found by Dr. Gilbert in a rock pool at Mazatlan. A single small example was obtained by us. The short chubby body, large rough-ctenoid scales, little rounded profile, and short fins distinguish this spe- cies sufficiently from 7y7pterygzon Risso, and character- ize the new genus Hxneanectes, framed for it by Jordan & Evermann. 220. Auchenopterus monophthalmus Giinther. Several specimens taken in rock pools at Mazatlan. At low tide it is often left by the regession -of the water, in which case it creeps about in the Corallina. In this species the first dorsal is higher and better sep- arated from the rest of the fin than in the California spe- cies, Auchenopterus integripinnis, and there are some constant differences in coloration. 502 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. T30 Family FIERASFERIDE. 221. Fierasfer arenicola Jordan & Gilbert. A single specimen found in the sand at Mazatlan by Dr. Gilbert. At first described as a new species, /7eras- fer arenicola Jordan & Gilbert, and subsequently iden- tified with the species which occurs in more or less abun- dance in the shells of the pearl oyster. It was not found by the Hopkins Expedition. According to Prof. Putnam, the West Coast species, /verasfer arenicola, is not dis- tinct from Fverasfer dubius Putnam, of the Florida Keys. We may, however, retain the former as distinct until com- parison of specimens can be made. Family BROTULID:. 222. Dinematichthys ventralis Gill. Plate liv. Found abundant in rock pools at Mazatlan, where specimens were taken reaching a length of about four inches. This fish has hitherto been recorded as ex- tremely rare, and very few were obtained by Dr. Gilbert. This is one of the species that were brought from their hiding places by the introduction of the poisonous juice ot the Hava tree into the water. It has been recorded from Cape San Lucas and Mazatlan. Color in life, everywhere liver brown, the fins edged with whitish or pinkish. Family PLEURONECTID. 223. Syacium ovale (Giinther). Occasionally taken in the Astillero at Mazatlan, where specimens were found by Dr. Gilbert and by us. It is more abundant at Panama. The broad-headed form called Syactum latifrons (Jordan & Gilbert), which has been supposed, perhaps wrongly, to be the male of this species, has been seen only at Panama. I31 FISHES OF SINALOA. 503 224. Citharichthys gilberti Jenkins & Evermann. LeEn- GUADO. Very common everywhere in the Astillero, and also ascending the Rio Presidio in the fresh waters nearly as far as the village of Presidio. In fresh water the color is considerably brighter than in the sea, and these fresh water specimens correspond to those described by Jordan & Goss as Crtharichthys sumichrast?. These seem to be, however, of the same species. 225. Azevia panamensis (Steindachner). Common in the Astillero, reaching a length of about eight inches. The following is a count of the fin rays ai nine specimens: = 95, A.:75; D..89, A. 67; Dz 92, Pi Di SOO. ea IPOs FAS WOO, Aen 7 DE Gene 725, Ds 92; Aue om JA. 72. These specimens seem to be inseparable from A zevza panamensis. 226. Etropus crossotus Jordan & Gilbert. Rather common in the Astillero with the preceding species, but reaching a smaller size, rarely exceeding four inches. On careful comparison of our specimens with others from Beaufort, Pensacola, Panama, and other localities, we are unable to find any differences. The color varies with the bottom, some being plain light brown, others are much mottled with lighter or with darker. 227. Hippoglossina macrops Steindachner. This species was described by Steindachner from a specimen obtained at Mazatlan. We have not seen it. 228. Paralichthys adspersus (Steindachner). Very common in the bay and Astillero at Mazatlan, and in fact everywhere on the coast from Guaymas and 504 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF, SCIENCES. 132 La Paz to Panama and Callao. It reaches a length of about three feet, and is a food fish of some importance, most specimens, however, being much smaller. Head 3%: depth about 2 in length of body; D. 73 (70 to 76); As 57:(53 to,60); P. 123°V. 6; scales onelateral line about 106+8 with 35 dorsally and 36 ventrally. Flesh firm. Body oblong, moderately compressed; mouth large, oblique, the mandible very heavy, slightly pro- jecting: 4 canine teeth on each side of lower jaw in adult specimens, 8 in young, the two anterior teeth long; an- terior teeth of upper jaw strong, but smaller than those in the lower jaw; the lateral teeth very small and close set. Eye small, shorter than snout, about 7 (6 to 8) in length of head; interorbital area, smooth, flattish, % width of eye. Scales cycloid, small anteriorly and larger posteriorly. Lateral line strongly arched anteriorly, arch about 3% in straight part. Gill-rakers of medium length, broad, retrose-serrate on inner side, longest about % length of eye, from 4+ 13 to 5-14 in number, counted in eight specimens; pecto- ral fin about as long as mandible, slightly more than half length of head. Dorsal low, anterior origin opposite an- terior margin of eye; caudal barely double concave; caudal peduncle very strong. Anal spine obsolete; ven- tral fins small, inserted symmetrically. Fins all scaly. Color—Large specimens are dark brown, with blotches on fins; small specimens are covered with pearly white and very dark brown blotches. The brown blotches are almost circular, larger and with less definite outlines near the center of the body, very dark and distinct on caudal. Seven specimens were taken by the Hopkins Expe- dition in the estuary at Mazatlan, where they reach a length of 44 cm. Several specimens were also taken at iba, Paz: Las FISHES OF SINALOA. 505 These specimens seem to be identical with Paralichihys adspersus, described from Callao by Steindachner. The original types have on the average more gill-rakers than we find on our Mazatlan specimens, but this character is ‘subject to variation, and no other distinction appears. In one of Dr.Steindachner’s types from Callao (11,417, Mus. Comp. Zool.) we find the gill-rakers longer, 6+-17; depth 2% in length; D. 67; A. 51; scales 120; arch of lateral line barely twice as long as high, nearly 5 in straight part; maxillary 2% in head. Mr. Garman has kindly examined for us six other specimens, with the following results: ‘*Paralichthys adspersus from Callao has gill-rakers— 47 above, as long as the eye; 17 below. jz about % as long as the eye. zi; nearly as long as the eye. = about % as long as the eye. ~ about % as long as the eye. iw, near 34 as long as eye.” —(Garman, in lit., May 3, 1895.) Family SOLEID&. 229. Achirus mazatlanus (Steindachner). LENGUADO DE Rio. (Solea pilosa Peters.) Very abundant in the fresh waters of the Rio Presidio below the village, varying considerably in color, and somewhat in form. One specimen was taken in the brackish waters of the estuary. 230. Achirus fonsecensis (Richardson). Two specimens found in the Rio Presidio with Achzrus mazatlanus; not seen at Mazatlan. 2p SER., VOL. V. (33 ) August 15, 1895. 506 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 134 231. Symphurus williamsi Jordan & Culver, n. sp. Plate lv. Two specimens, the largest about 1% inches long, were obtained by Mr. Thomas Marion Williams in tide pools with sandy bottom, in very shallow water, near the estu- ary at Mazatlan. Head'4%; depth 3% 5 D. 93; -A.273;; scales 925) Body slenderer than in Symphurus plagiusa, which it much re- sembles, but not so slender as in Symphurus elongatus, and the caudal fin not black. Upper eye slightly in ad- vance of lower. Sand color in life; light gray, everywhere finely mottled with light and dark, with traces of a few very narrow dark-cross bands. Fins all mottled; the caudal and pos- terior part of dorsal and anal not black, scarcely darker than anterior part. Type numbered 2943, in the register of L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. Family ONCOCEPHALIDA. 232. Oncocephalus elater (Jordan & Gilbert). One specimen, the type of the species, presented to Dr. Gilbert by Dr. Bastow, then a resident of Mazatlan. It is found in deep water, and was not seen by us, but numerous specimens have been since dredged by the Albatross in localities further to the south, so that the species is now well known. 135 FISHES OF SINALOA 507 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE ON THE FISHES OF LA PAZ HARBOR. Mr. James A. Richardson, a member of the Hopkins Expedition, spent two days at La Paz, the chief city of Baja California, where he made a small collection of fishes. The work was done under very unfavorable conditions, as La Paz has no fish market and its fish supply is obtained by the spear and the hook and line. There is but one seine at La Paz, a very old and rotten one, which was rented by Mr. Richardson, as was also a parachute seine and a small dip-net. Considering all the difficulties en- countered, the list here given shows that the locality is well worthy of a detailed exploration. Concerning the harbor of La Paz, Mr. Richardson has the following notes: ‘© The approach to La Paz estuary is guarded by several large islands, uninhabited, wild and precipitous. The en- trance to the estuary is very wide, apparently ten or fif- teen miles, the general direction being north and south and the length of the estuary about fifteen miles. The estuary gradually narrows to about one mile at ten miles from the entrance. As the steamer proceeds up the estuary it is noticed that she hugs the left bank closely. I was told that in all that breadth of water there is but a very narrow channel, the balance of the space in the estuary being of a sand formation, the sand bars com- ing very near the surface of the water so that they can be seen from the deck of the steamer. The steamer in following the channel nearly doubles on itself occasion- ally, and in the darkness of the night a boat is lowered and a search is made for certain buoys. The left bank is made up alternately of gravel beach and abrupt cliffs all the way to La Paz. The country behind La Paz is hilly and mountainous, of no value, covered with rocks and cactus. The right bank opposite La Paz, as far as 508 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 136 one could see, is one vast stretch of sand and mangrove bushes lying a little above tide water. This is considered to be fine soil for cocoanut trees, but it is uninhabited and uncultivated. The sand beach is very fine; one could ride a bicycle here for fifty miles following the shore line.”’ 1. Narcine entemedor Jordan & Starks. Common. One specimen somewhat decayed found on the beach. 2. Opisthonema libertate (Giinther). Two specimens obtained (134 in. long). 3. Stolephorus ischanus Jordan & Gilbert. Two small specimens. 4. Stolephons curtus Jordan & Gilbert. One specimen. 5. Mugil cephalus Linnzus. Very common. 6. Mugil curema Cuvier & Valenciennes. Very common. 7. Querimana harengus (Giinther). Very abundant in the lagoons and small estuaries. 8. Holocentrus suborbitalis Gill. Common in rock pools. g. Paralabrax maculatofasciatus (Steindachner). Common. 10. lLutianus novemfasciatus Gill. Two specimens. 11. Lutianus argentiventris (Peters). One specimen obtained. 137 FISHES OF SINALOA. 509 12. Xenistius californiensis (Steindachner). Several young specimens obtained. Silvery, with continuous streaks of bright warm brown along the rows of scales. 13. Pomadasis macracanthus (Giinther). Common. 14. Orthopristis reddingi Jordan & Richardson, n. sp. Plate xli. Allied to Orthopristis ruber (Cuv. & Val.) Plead31¢- :depthy 334; dorsal XI,’ 15; anal TEL 10; scales 8-52-15; 53 pores. Eye 4% in head; maxillary 3%; preorbital 4% in snout; pectoral 13 in head; longest dorsal spine 23; longest soft ray 33; second anal spine 4%; ventral 13; upper caudal lobe 1%; base of soft dorsal in spinous 134°. Body oblong, the back not much elevated; the anterior profile straightish, slightly depressed above the eye; mouth small, low, the maxillary reaching to opposite the nostril; teeth subequal, in broad bands; lower jaw in- cluded; nostrils both oblong, the anterior the larger; eye rather large, about as wide as the broad preorbital; pre- opercle very finely serrated on its posterior margin only, the serrations very weak; gill-rakers short and small, about 12; scales moderate, the rows above lateral line very oblique, those below nearly horizontal, the series from the scapular scale reaching middle of spinous dorsal. Spinous dorsal moderate, not deeply notched, the median spines injured in youth in the type specimen; soft dorsal low, free from scales; anal spines low, the second a little longer than third; soft rays scaleless; caudal lunate, the lobes unequal, the upper longer than lower, which is more obtuse. Ventrals rather long, inserted just behind axil of pectoral. Pectoral rather short, not quite reaching tips of ventrals. 510 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 138 Color pearly gray, darker above; each scale of back and sides, with a bright bronze spot behind its center; these forming nearly continuous streaks along the rows of scales. These streaks run upward and backward an- teriorly and nearly horizontally on sides, when they are more or less interrupted or transposed. Head plain gray, dorsal with some streaks and clouds; outer fins plain; ventrals somewhat dusky. One specimen, 834 inches long, was taken by Mr. Richardson. This species is very closely allied to the Atlantic spe- cies, Orthopristis ruber (Cuv. & Val.), but has the body a little more slender and the head larger. The specimen from Guaymas provisionally referred to Orthopristis cantharinus (see Jordan & Fesler. Rept. U.S. Fish Com. for 1889 to 1891, 500, 1893), is perhaps a second specimen of Orthopristis reddingt. This species is named in honor of Hon. Benjamin B. Redding, first Fish Commissioner of California, a man deeply interested in scientific research, to whom Mr. Richardson has been indebted for many favors, in his former capacity of Superintendent of the California Fish Hatching Station at Sisson. 15. Microlepidotus inornatus Gill. One specimen, to inches long, obtained. Common. 16. Umbrina xanti Gill. Common. 17. Micropogon ectenes Jordan & Gilbert. One specimen. 18. Eucinostomus gracilis (Gill). Common. 139 FISHES OF SINALOA. 511 19. Xystema cinereum (Walbaum.) Common. About twenty specimens obtained. 20. Gerres lineatus (Humboldt). Common. 21. Scarus perrico Jordan & Gilbert. One specimen, found dead on the beach. 22. Spheroides lobatus (Steindachner). Common. Two specimens obtained. In color these approach Spherotdes augusticeps (Jenyns). It may be that Jobatus is, after all, the young of auwgusticeps, as was supposed by Jordan and Gilbert. 23. Diodon holacanthus Linnzus. Common. One specimen, 11 inches long, was obtained. D. 12; A. 12; back and sides covered with spots; no spots on fins or tail; back very dark; a dark band _ be- tween eyes; frontal spines nearly as long as pectoral spines which are longest. 24. Alexurus armiger Jordan, n. g. and sp. Gosip. Plate xlviii. Head 4%; depth 8; dorsal VI-13; anal 11; V.I, 5; scales about 102-30; eye 8 in head; maxillary 2% ; man- dible 2%; snout 5%; interorbital 4% ; pectoral 1%; cau- dal equals head; ventral 2; last dorsal ray 13. Body long and low, compressed posteriorly, depressed in front. Head flattish and broad above, the cheeks mod- erately tumid. Eyes small, high up, separated by a broad flattish interorbital space; snout short; mouth moderate, very oblique, the maxillary ceasing below the center of pupil; lower jaw very heavy, oblique, projecting beyond upper, its outline horseshoe-shaped, obtuse infront. Teeth in rather broad bands, the outer enlarged below, but 512 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 140 scarcely so above; none of them canine-like. Top of head with very small scales. Cheeks and opercles with rudimentary scales above. Preopercle with a concealed antrose hook below as in #/eotrzs. Scales on body very small, perfectly smooth, partially imbedded; scales on nape and throat minute. Gill membranes extending a little forward below, so that the branchiostegals are free from the isthmus. Insertion of dorsal twice as far from middle ot base of caudal as from tip of snout; the fin low, its slender rays slightly filamentous. Soft dorsal low, its last ray highest. Anal similar, beginning under second dorsal ray. Cau- dal long, bluntly pointed behind, with strongly procurrent base above and below, the base above two-fifth length of head formed of fourteen short rays, that below a little shorter, of twelve rays, this procurrent portion forming an angle with the caudal proper where it joins it. Pectoral and ventrals short, the ventrals inserted under pectorals. Color olive green, dusky above, paler below, but every- where covered with fine black dots. Both dorsals with the membranes pale, the rays each barred with black. Caudal mesially blackish, all the rays barred or chequered in fine pattern. Pectoral and anal pale, similarly speckled; base of pectoral dusky; ventral finely speckled. One specimen, 6% inches long, taken by Mr. James A. Richardson in the harbor of La Paz. This species seems to be the type of a distinct genus allied to E/eotr7’s and Frotel?s, distinguished from £/eo- tris by its very small cycloid scales, from Fyrotelis by its concealed preopercular hook, and from both by the pro- current caudal fin. The generic name is from désw, to protect; odsd, tail. 141 FISHES OF SINALOA. 513 25. Gobius sagittula (Giinther). Two large specimens, each six to eight inches long, besides one very young example, corresponding to the form called Godsus longicauda of Jenkins & Evermann. As Dr. Gilbert has noticed, this is the adult form of the 4 species called by Dr. Giinther Huctenogobius sagittula, of which specimens were found by us at Mazatlan. The species is very similar to Godzus oceanicus of the Atlantic. 26. Gobius soporator Cuvier & Valenciennes. Very common. 27. Scorpena mystes Jordan & Starks. Common. 28. Labrosomus xanti Gill. Common in rock pools. 29. Labrosomus delalandi (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Common in rock pools. 30. Auchenopterus monophthalmus Giinther. Not rare; in rock pools. 31. Paralichthys adspersus (Steindachner). Very common; about ten specimens taken. 514 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII. XXIX. XXX. XXXI. XXXII. XXXIII. XXXIV. XXXV. XXXVI. XXXVII. XXXVHII. XXXIX. XL. XLI. XLII. XLITI. XLIV. XLV. XLVI. XLVII. XLVIII. XLIX. LIST OF PLATES. Galeichthys gilberti. Galeichthys azureus. Sardinella stolifera. Peecilia presidionis. Siphostoma starksii. Mugil hospes. Eurystole eriarcha. Thyrina evermanni. Caranx medusicola. Hynnis hopkinsi. Trachinotus culveri. Apogon retrosella. Mycteroperca boulengert. Rabirubia inermis. Lythrulon opalescens. Orthopristis reddingi. Eupomacentrus flavilatus. Microspathodon bairdii. Microspathodon azurissimus. Halicheeres dispilus. Xesurus punctatus. Teuthis crestonis. Alexurus armiger. Garmannia paradoxa. Aboma etheostoma. Evermannia zosterura. Scorpena mystes. Enneanectes carminalis. Dinematichthys ventralis. Symphurus williamsi. 142 Ose ‘$0, as cues 7 oe. O0 ms, 2 8 ‘vs Baers 0: os Pony GALEICHTHYS AZUREUS. PLATE XXVI GALEICHTHYS GILBERTI. SESE ne Awwa LDRoun, DEL. LITE. ELPLITON § FEE, SF PLATE XXVIII. SARDINELLA STOLIFERA. LATHE. EITTON 8 PEY SE Anwal Brown, Des. ans. a" tr if, as PLATE XXIx. PCECILIA PRESIDIONIS. Awwa LArown, Lez. LITH. EAELITON & PREY, SF PLATE SIPHOSTOMA STARKSII, TH BRITTON & EV SE 2 L PLATE XXxXI. MUGIL HOSPES. LATHE. PUTT ON §-I2EF 5 SL Anna L Brown DEL, PLATE XXXII. EURYSTOLE ERIARCHA. Anya l. Brown, Dez, LITE. ETTON fe PEP, SF XXXII PLATE THYRINA EVERMANNI, TON &- EK SF LATE Awaal Drown, LEZ. ——.s ~ yu ea Fi a z) = 4 a . : a é = ata = ‘ oa a ‘ ‘toe oa (eo <4 : ‘7 oe oy PLATE XXXIV. CARANX MEDUSICOLA. AywaL Brown, Dez LITH. BILITON 8 REV. SE. 7 oe See a - Sa AwwaLDron,LEzz. HYNNIS HOPKINSI. PLATE XXXV LLTHL. PEAT TON & FEF, SF XXXVI. PLATE *, 2 Soo TRACHINOTUS CULVERI. LITE, LPEPTT LON § FLEE, SFE Anya L Drown, Dz. APOGON RETROSELLA. LTTE. ZATTON §- PREF 5, SE OWN, DEL, Ana LE, J si ca es 55)’ >? ‘] h? ») ey 2) Wert 5 oN - MYCTEROPERCA BOULENGERI. QM &- FLEF, SF LITE. FART TC Awwal Drown, zz. PLATE XXxIX re Be dy aS ee RABIRUBIA INERMIS. LITE. PPITION §- ED, SF Anna L Drown, Dez PLATE XL. LYTHRULON OPALESCENS, LATHE. BEATTON §- PREY, SE. Anwa lL Brown, Dex. PIV ANIM Eh. MIL Bese ss wee 21 Speece cies ~) ; . 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