mm ,:ft'323a®lBB8B^J8$SSS£;: CO INSTITUTION NOlinillSNI co o Z s saiavaan z LI BRAR I ES nvinoshiiws saiavaan CO ^ w H K < cc ° ^ m SMITHSONIAN SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOlinillSNI in LU NVINOSH1IIAJS INSTITUTION NOlinillSNI NVINOSH1IIAIS S3 I a VH 811 2 | LIBRAR NVINOSH1IIMS L^vasv^ IRRARIFS SMlTHqnNiflN INSTITUTION NOlinillSNI 0 . E S*2 SMITHSON IAN-* I NSTITUl z r* ° -*■ 5 PCJ > • y m-s ?. ^ 1 S NVINOSH1IIAIS S3IHVII i CO o is ssiavaan CO LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOlinillSNI' NVIN0SH1IWS Smithsonian Institution Libraries 3iavaan LIBRAR ES SMITHSONIAN co INSTITU1 INSTITUTION NOlinillSNI co NviNOSHiiiAjs saiavaan CO Ui LIBRAR ES SMITHSONIAN co i CO INSTITUTION NOlinillSNI co UJ INSTITUTION NOlinillSNI i NVIN0SH1II/MS S3 2 INSTITUTION NOlinillSNI : „ co h- $2 m “nvinoshiikis S3 iava an z co LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN co NVINOSH1IWS S3IBV ~ . co _ ° - LI B RAR I ES^ SMITHSON IAN* z r INSTITl z o CO X INSTITUTION NOlinillSNI * CO z < ^ S < z o co NVIN0SH1IIAIS S3IBV co o CO 'is saiavaan CO LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN co INSTITUTION NOlinillSNI S " > ' co • 2 co nvinoshims saiavaan libraries SMITHSONIAN INSTITl ws^sa i avaan^LiBRAR i es ^Smithsonian institution 11^1 if^ 3 ^ m ± co NoiinuiSNi NvmosHims S3 iava an . z co z < SMITHSONIAN INSTIT W 2 .y CO — u* «— tn *■. us — uj (r IlfUIJLSNI NVINOSHIIIMS Saiavaan LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOimillSNI NVINOSHIIIMS Saiavaan LIBRARIES Z 2 ^ 2 '^S-^7 > 'C 5 %\ > CO -c. ui * Z (f) \ Z if) Z if) *.2 BRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOimillSNI NVINOSHIIIMS S3iaVaan LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOimillSNI if> £ ~ . (f) 5 ^ if) £ ^ ^ if) - — /• ^ 60 U - P 33 V£ if/ — \Vj|Ma&9^rr m Xi^osv^/ ^ m xcvosvc^ ^ m -■ v^' £ n^vasv^ m to — co _ co £ co £ co BRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOimillSNI NVINOSHIIIMS S3iavaan LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOimillSNI CO Z * CO Z CO Z „ CO -y if) Z if) imillSNI^NVINOSHimS^Sa I avaa ll\lBRAR I ES^SMITHSONIAN^INSTITUTION^NOlinillSNI^NVINOSHlIIMS^Sa I avaa n^LIBRAR I ES^ ~ ’w. tn — ■ rn — m ~ tn — g o o x^yosv^x o BRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOimillSNfWlNOSHlIWS2 S3 I a Va 3 ll^LI B RAR I ES SMITHSONIAN^INSTITUTION^ NOimillSNI* 2 ^ z . z n 2 ™ 2 r — C/J \ — V// — „ MiniusNi nvinoshiiims saiavaan libraries smithsonian~institution NoiimusNi nvinoshiiims saiavaan libraries z CO z .... CO 2 CO z > Ncojuyiz ^ ^ > CO 2 CO \ z — ^ a Z CO 2 CO . BRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOimillSNI NVIN0SH1IWS S3iavaaiT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOimillSNI “ CO — rn ~ if) CD ffirjffi. 33 \gfet4«>7 H V^AkWrp) ^ H %VUi^c7 ^ m ^ XjvAiHSX m 2 ,< 2 ■ < c/> PleLteJQII. Carded DIVISION Qf fj^rs .,jr3?-«rsr THE FISHES OF ZANZIBAR AC ANTHOPTERY GII &rr LIEUT. COLONEL It. LAMBERT PLAYEAIR, ♦ *« IIER MAJESTYS POLITICAL AGENT AND CONSUL AT ZANZIBAR ; PHARYNGOGNATHI etc. ALBERT C. L. G. GUNTHER, M.A., Ph.D., M.U. •S’ • '/ j /// %s> oct^iv j y V^&ONIAN LONDON: JOHN VAN VOORST, PATERNOSTER ROW. MDCCCLXVI. > $u m^'1 PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RET) LION COURT, FLEET STREET. a ^ fa* iirH rsi,b H'RB’ PREFACE. A few words of explanation as to our object in publishing an account of the Fishes of Zanzibar appear necessary. The east coast of Africa may, for purposes of ichthyology, be conveniently divided into four regions. The first is contained within the limits of the Red Sea; the second extends thence to the Rovuma River, the southern boundary of Zanzibar; the third includes the Portuguese province of Mozambique; and the fourth the British settlements of Natal and the Cape. The Fish-fauna of three of these has been more or less completely worked out, viz. the Red Sea by Forskal and Riippell, Mozambique by Peters, and the south- eastern parts by Sir Andrew Smith ; while the ichthyology of the great islands lying off the coast has formed the subject of papers by Lienard, Bennett, Guichenot, and others, not to mention the numerous species described by Lacepede, Cuvier, and V alenciennes. But no attempt has been made to illustrate the Fish-fauna of that large extent of coast stretching between the Straits of Bab-el-Mandeb and Mozambique. The labours of Lieut. Colonel Playfair go far to supply this hiatus. In the course of a residence of many years at Aden and Zanzibar, during which he made frequent excursions to the African coast and the adjacent islands, he formed a considerable collection of Fish, of which the following pages contain a description. With the exception of one or two species described from specimens in the Vienna Museum, which we have not seen, and a few collected by Dr. Kirk in the Rovuma River, now in the British Museum, we have limited ourselves strictly to that collection. We have added, however, a a 2 IV PREFACE. nominal list of all the species recorded as having been observed on the East African coast, between the Red Sea on the north and the colony of Natal on the south, in- cluding those from Madagascar, Mauritius, and the other islands belonging geographi- cally to the African continent. The Zanzibar dominions comprise that portion of the coast included between Magdashoa in 2° north latitude, and Cape Delgado in 10° 42' south latitude. Beyond them, to the north, are the independent Somalee tribes, which extend almost to the Red Sea, where they meet the Dankalie race ; and on the south they are bounded by Mozambique. The extent of coast under the dominion of the Sultan of Zanzibar is about eleven hundred miles ; but the most valuable parts of his sultanate are the islands of Zanzibar (containing the capital of the same name), Pemba, and Monfia. The first is situated at a distance of from twenty to thirty miles from the mainland, and is in size about equal to the Isle of Wight. It contains none but small streams, and, as may be expected, the number of freshwater fishes is very limited. Indeed, excluding those which frequent both salt and fresh water, such as Gobius and Eleotris , there are only two species of freshwater fish found in the island of Zanzibar, Clarias gariepinus and Fundulus orthonotus. The large rivers on the mainland are far richer in species ; but they have been very imperfectly explored, and still offer a most interesting field for scientific research. This collection contains 500 distinct species, obtained in the following localities : — At Zanzibar 428 Mozambique 10 Seychelles 27 Comoro Islands 11 Aden and its vicinity 23 Chagos archipelago 1 Of the 428 observed at Zanzibar, 192 have been noticed in and near the Red Sea, 300 in the Indian Ocean and the seas of the more remote East, 108 on the shores of the various islands lying off the African coast, 7 in the Cape Seas, 3 in the Mediterra- nean, 25 in the Atlantic Ocean, while 63 appear not to have been found in other localities than the African coast or the rivers which there debouch into the sea. PREFACE. v We have thought it advisable that there should be only one authority for new species, on which account each of the authors has attached his name to a moiety of the work; but it must not be imagined that we have worked otherwise than jointly and continuously throughout. The numbers in brackets which follow the specific names are those originally attached to the specimens in Lieut. Colonel Playfair’s collection. We have retained them to facilitate the identification of such as have been sent by him to other Museums in Europe and India. We desire to record our grateful thanks to the Government of Bombay for the liberal measure of assistance it has accorded to this work by taking 100 copies. This has enabled us to illustrate all the most important species, and for that end to secure the valuable services of Mr. Ford, whose ability as a zoological artist is too well known to require notice. THE AUTHORS. London, November 1866. LIST OF FISHES OBSERVED ON THE EAST COAST OF AFRICA. ACANTHOPTERYGII. PERCID.E. Page Etelis, C. & V. carbunculus, C. & V. (Seych.). Aprion, C. & V. virescens, C. & V. . . . . 1 Glyphodes, Guich. aprionoides, Guich. (Reunion). Anthias, Schn. borbonius, 0. & V. (Reunion), filamentosus, C. & V. (Maur.). squamipinnis, Pet. (Mozamb.). zonatus, O. & V. (Mauritius). Apsilus, C. & V. fuscus, C. & V. (Reunion). Anyperodon, Gthr. leucogrammicus, Reimv. . . 1 Serranus, Guv. louti, ForsJc 1 filamentosus, C. & V. (Maur.). boelang, Bl 2 rogaa, Form 2 zananella, C. & V. (Madag.). erythraeus, 0. & V. ... 2 cyanostigmatoides, Bllcr. . . 3 miniatus, ForsJc 3 aurantius, C. & V. (Seych.). hemistictus, Riyyp. ... 3 guttatus, Bl. (Mozambique), flavoguttatus, Pet. (Mozamb.). sonnerati, C. & V. . . . . 3 zanana, C. & V. (Mauritius), unicolor, Lien. (Mauritius), lutra, C. & V. (Mauritius). lanceolatus, Bl 4 suillus, C.&V. 5 anguillaris, 0. & V. (Maur.). dermochirus, C. & V. (Reun.). t'uscoguttatus, Rupp. ... 5 salmonoides, Lacep. (Maur.). *dispar, Playf. 6 | marginalis, Bl 7 1 Page summana, ForsJc 8 tumilabris, C. & V. . . . . 8 hoevenii, Bllcr 9 variolosus, C. & V. (Maur.). faveatus, G. & V. (Mauritius), hexagonatus, Forst. . . . 10 ongus, Bl. (Madagascar), flavo-cajruleus, Lacep. . . 10 longispinis, Kner .... 10 areolatus, ForsJc 11 flaveatus, C. & V. (Reunion). rivulatus, C. & V. (Mauritius), chlorostigma, C.& V. (Seych.). cylindricus, Gthr 11 *striolatus, Playf. .... 11 pantherinus, C. & V. (Madag.). morrhua, C. & V. (Mauritius), goliath, Pet. (Mozambique), abdominalis, Pet. (Mozamb.). Plectropoma, Guv. maculatum, Bl 12 Grammistes, Art. orientalis, Schn 14 punctatus, G. & V. (Reunion). Aulacocephalus, Schley. schlegelii, Gthr. (Mauritius). Genyoroge, Cant. analis, C. & V. (Reunion), macolor, G. & V. . . . . 14 sebae, C.&V. 15 bengalensis, C. & V. . . . 15 caeruleovittata,C.& F”.(Maur.). octovittata, C. & V. (Maur.). duodecimlineata,C.& ^.(Maur.). gibba, ForsJc. (Mozambique). notata, C.&V. 15 russellii, Bllcr. (Mozambique), marginata, C.&V.. . . . 16 bottonensis, C.&V. . . . 16 rivulata, C.&V. . . . . 16 civis, C. & V. (Seychelles). Mcsoprion, Cuv. bohar, ForsJc 17 Page argcntimaculatus, /6mA.(Maur. ) . gembra, Schn 17 madras, C. & V. (Seychelles), johnii, C. & V. (Madagascar), fulviflamma, ForsJc. ... 17 annularis, C.& V. . . . . 17 lineolatus, Rupp 17 ery thrognathus, C.& V.( Seych . ) . lutjanus, C. & V. (Seychelles). vitta, Q.&G 18 ccerulcolineatus, Rupp. . . IS griseoides, Guich. (Reunion). Priacanthus, C. & V. boops, ForsJc. (Mozambique). blochii, Bllcr 18 japonicus, C. & V. (Reunion), niphonius, C. & V. (Reunion), carolinus, C.& V. (Maur.). hamruhr, ForsJc 18 speculum, C.& V. (Seych.). fax, C. & V. (Seychelles). Ambassis, Commers. commersonii, ForsJc. . . . 18 urotaonia, Bllcr 18 dussumieri, C.&V. . . . 19 productus, Guich. (Madag.). Apogon, Lacep. hyalosoma , Bllcr 19 *nigripes, Playf. 19 amboinensis, Bllcr 19 nigripinnis, C.&V. . . . 20 tasniopterus, Benn 20 bifasciatus, Rupp 20 annularis, Rupp 20 quadrifasciatus, C.&V. (Moz.). frenatus, C. & V. (Mozamb.). fasciatus, White .... 20 cyanosoma, Bllcr 20 macropteroides, Bllcr. ... 20 commersonii, Val. (Madag.). lateralis, Val. (Madagascar). Apogonichthys, Bllcr. auritus, C.&V.. . . . . 21 LIST OF FISHES OBSERVED ON THE viii Page Cliilodipterus, Lacep. octo vittatus, Lacep. ... 21 lineatus, Forsk. ..... 21 quinquelineatus, C. & V. . 22 Dules, C. & V. fuscus, C.&V. 22 caudovittatus, Lacep. (Haur.). rupestris, Lacep. (Mauritius), bennettii, Blkr. (Mozamb.). teeniurus, C. & V. (Reunion). Grystes, C. & V. lunulatus, Guich. (Reunion). PRISTIPOMATHLE. Therapon, Cuv. theraps, C. & V. .... 22 servus, ForsJc 22 trivittatus, Buck. Ham. . . 22 cuvieri, Blkr 23 obtusirostris, Guich. (Madag.). elongata, Guich. (Madagascar). Pristipoma, Cuv. hasta, Bl. ....... 23 argyreum, Bllcr. (Mauritius). *multimaculatum, Playf. . . 23 *operculare, Playf. .... 24 maculatum, Bl 25 stridens, ForsJc. . , ... 26 leucurum, G. & V. (Seych.). Diagramma, Cuv. affine, Gthr 26 griseum, C.&V. . . . . 26 pertusum, Thunb 26 centurio, C.&V. . . . . 27 gaterina, ForsJc 27 punctatum, Ehrenb. ... 27 pictum, Thunb. ..... 28 lessonii, C. & V. .... 28 blocbii, C.&V. 28 cuvieri, Benn. ..... 28 albovittatum,Iri{pp. (Mozamb.). Lobotes, Cuv. auctorum, Gthr 28 Scolopsis, Cuv. japonicus, Bl. 29 *noto taenia, Playf. .... 29 torquatus, C.&V.. . . . 30 bimaculatus, Hupp. ... 30 monogramma, K. & v. H. (Mozambique). phtecops, Benn. (Mauritius). frenatus, C. & V. . . . . 30 ghanam, Forsk. 30 Heterognathodon, Blkr. petersii, Steind. 30 flaviventris, Steind. 144 Synagris, Gthr, filamentosus, Rupp. . . 31 Pentapus, Cuv. curtus, Guich. 31 Page aurolineatus, Lacep. (Maur.). dux, Cuv. (Reunion), vittatus, C. & V. (Madag.). Aphareus, C. & V. furcatus, Lacep. (Mauritius), rutilans, C. & V. (Reunion). Caesio, Commers. lunaris, Ehrenb. ..... 31 cserulaureus, Lacep. ... 32 striatus, Hupp. ..... 32 cylindricus, Gthr. (Madag.). SQUAMIPINNES. Chaetodon, Artedi. strigangulus, Poland. ... 32 setifer, Bl. ...... 32 auriga, ForsJc. (Mozambique), bimaculatus, Bl. (Reunion), biocellatus, C. & V. (Reunion). nesogallicus, C. & V. (Reun.). unimaculatus, Bl. .... 32 bennetti, C.&V. . . . . 33 *zanzibarensis, Playf. ... 33 falcula, Bl 33 kleinii, Bl .33 vittatus, Schn. (Madagascar), maculatus, Lien. (Reunion), trifasciatus, Mungo Park . . 34 melanopterus, Guich. ... 34 lunula, Lacep. 34 vagabundus, L 34 guttatissimus, Benn. ... 34 dorsalis, lleinw. ..... 34 ocellicauda, C. & V. ... 35 *melanopoma, Playf. ... 35 lineolatus, C. & V. . . . . 35 *leucopleura, Playf. .... 35 larvatus, Ehrenb. .... 36 xanthocephalus, Benn. . . 36 blackburnii, Desjard. (Maur.) nigripinnis, Pet. (Mozamb.). zoster, Benn. (Mauritius). Chelmo, Cuv. rostratus, L. (Mauritius), longirostris, C. & V. (Maur.). Heniochus, C. & V. macrolepidotus, A. .... 37 monoceros, C. & V. (Maur.) . Holaeanthus, Lacep. caudovittatus, Gthr. (Maur.). asfar, ForsJc. . . . . . 37 diacanthus, Boddaert . . . 37 *multispinis, Playf. .... 37 trimaculatus, Lacep. ... 38 imperator, Bl. 38 semicirculatus, C.&V. . . 38 alternans, C.&V. . . . . 38 chrvsurus, C.&V. . . . . 38 Scatophagus, C. & V. tetracanthus, Lacep. ... 39 Drepane, C. & V. punctata, L. . Page 39 NANDIDH2. Plesiops, Cuv. nigricans, Rupp 39 MULLITLE. Mullus, L. vittatus, Forsk. ..... 40 tragula, Richards. .... 40 sulphureus, C. & V. (Maur.). barberinus, Lacep. .... 40 micronemus, Lacep. ... 40 pleurostigma, Benn. ... 40 malabaricus, C.&V. . . . 41 oxycephalus, Blkr. . . . . 41 luteus, C.&V. 41 *dispilurus, Playf. .... 41 *pleurotaenia, Playf- ... 41 cyclostoma, Lacep. (Maur.). cyprinoides, C. & V. (Reun.). SPARIIRE. *Tripterodon, Playf. *orbis, Playf. ...... 42 Cantharus, Cuv. grandoculus, C. & V. (Seych.). Crenidens, C. & V. forskalii, C. & V. (Mozamb.). Sargus, Klein. rondeletii, C.&V.. . . . 43 auriventris, Pet. (Mozamb.). Lethrinus, Cuv. latifrons, Rupp. ..... 44 ♦longirostris, Playf. ... 44 genivittatus, C. & V. . . . 144 harak, ForsJc. 45 ramak, ForsJc. ..... 45 nebulosus, Forsk. .... 45 striatus ?, Steind. .... 145 cseruleus, C. & V. (Seych.). crocopterus, C. & V. (Seych.). violaceus, C. & V. (Mozamb.). mahsenoides?, C.& F.(Mozamb.). borbonicus, C. & V. (Reun.). Pagrus, Cuv. hlamentosus, C. & V. (Maur.). spinifer, ForsJc 45 Chrysophrys, Cuv. sarba, Forsk. ...... 45 bifaseiata, ForsJc. .... 46 madagascariensis, C.&V. (Ma- dagascar). coracinus, C. & V. (Maur.). Pimelepterus, Lacep. lembus, C.&V. . . . . . 46 tahmel, Forsk. ..... 46 altipinnoides, Guich. (Reun.), EAST COAST OF AFRICA. IX CIRRHITIDJE. Page Cirrhites, Commers. forsteri, Sclm 46 arcatus, M. Parle (Mauritius), punctatus, C.& V. (Maur.). cinctus, Gthr. (Mauritius). Cirrhitichthys, Blhr. maculatus, Lacep. (Maur.). oxycephalus, Blhr. (Reun.). Oxycirrhites, Blhr, typus, Bllcr. (Mauritius). SCORPiENIIEE. Scorpcena, Artedi. diabolus, C. & V. . . . . 46 nesogaRica, C. & V. (Maur.) . cirrhosa, Thunb 47 *longicornis, Playf. .... 47 *zanzibarensis, Playf. ... 47 mauritiana, C. & V. (Maur.) mossambica, Pet. (Mozamb.). Pterois, Guv. volitans, L 48 lunulata, Schleg 48 antennata, Bl. (Reunion). cincta, Rupp. 48 miles, Benn. (Reunion), zebra, C. & V. (Reunion), braehyptera, C.&V. . . . 48 Tetraroge, Gthr. binotata, Pet. . . . . . 48 tsenianotus, C. & V. (Maur.). TEUTHIDIDiE. Teutbis, L. corallina, C.&V. . . . . 50 vermiculata, K. & v. II. (Maur.). sutor, C. & V. (Seychelles), lurida, Elirenb. (Reunion), guttata, Bl. (Mozambique). stellata, Forsh 50 rostrata, C.&V. .... 50 nebulosa, Q. & G 51 abhortani, C. & V. (Maur.). olivaceus, C. & V. (Maur.). BERYCHEE. Beryx, Cuv. lineatus, C. & V. (Mauritius). Myripristis, Cuv. pralinius, C. & V. (Seychelles), kuntee, C. & V. (Mauritius). murdjan, Forsh 51 adustus, Bllcr. * 51 vittatus, C. & V. (Mauritius), japonicus, C. & V. (Maur.). hexagonus, Lacep. (Maur.). axillaris, C. & V. (Maur.). borbonius, C. & V. (Maur.). Holocentrum, Artedi. macropus, Gthr. (Maur.). Page aurolineatum, Lien. (Maur.). rubrum, Forslc 52 punctatissimum, C.& V. (Moz.) spiniferum, C. k V. ... 52 diadema, Lacep 52 sammara, Forsh 52 Rhynchichthys, C. & V. brachyrhynchus,R?tr. (Reun.). KURTIDiE. Pempheris, C. & V. mangula, C.&V. . . . . 52 POLYNEMUEE. Polynemus, L. sexfilis, C. & V. .... 53 sextarius, Bl 53 paradiseus, L. (Mauritius), plebejus, Gm. (Mauritius). SCI^EKID^E. Scitena, Forsh. sina, C. & V. 53 aquila, Lacep. (Madagascar). Corvina, Cuv. dorsalis, Pet. (Mozambique). Otolithus, Cuv. argenteus, K.&v.H. . . . 53 XIPHIDEE. Histiophorus, Lacep. gladius, Brouss. (Seychelles), brevirostris, Playf. .... 53 TRICHIURHEE. Trichiuras, L. haumela, Forsh 55 savala, Cuv. (Reunion). Gempylus, C. & V. prometheus, C. & V. (Reun.). ACRONURDEE. Acanthurus, Schn. triostegus, L 56 guttatus, Forsh. (Mauritius), matoides, C. & V. . . . . 56 nigrofuscus, Forsh. (Reunion), xanthopterus, C. & V. (Reun.). dussumieri, C. & V. (Maur.). gahm, Forsh. (Mauritius), gahmoides, Guich. (Re'union). leucosternon, Benn. ... 56 hepatus, L. (Mauritius), ctenodon, C.&V. . . . . 57 rhombeus, Kittl 57 xanthurus, Blyth .... 57 gemmatus, C. & V. (Maur.) velifer, Bl 57 desjardinii, Benn 57 Page riippellii, Benn. (Mozamb.). lunulatus, Lien. (Mauritius), suillus, C. & V. (Mauritius). Acronurus, C. & V. orbicularis, Q. & G. (Reun.). Raseus, Commers. unicornis, Forsh. (Reunion), brevirostris, C. & V. . . . 58 tuberosus, Lacep. .... 58 lituralis, Forst 58 Ivoris, C. & V. anginosus, C. & V. (Mozamb.). CARANGIDiE. Traehurus, C. & V. trachurus, L. (E. C. of Africa). Caranx, Cuv. rottleri, Bl 58 kurra, C.&V. 58 crunienophtlialmus,/i?.(Maur.). hasseltii, Blhr 59 djeddaba, Forsh 59 xanthurus, K. & v. II. (Seych.). *vomerinus, Playf. . ... 59 malabaricus, Selin 60 bajad, Forsh 60 fulvoguttatus, Forsh. (Seych.). speciosus, Forsh 61 riippellii, Gthr 61 melampygus, C. & V. . . . 61 sansun, Forsh. (Mauritius). hippos, L 61 armatus, Forsh 61 ciliaris, Bl 62 gallus, L 62 c8eruleopinnatus,(7.& F.(Reun.). Seriola, Cuv. nigrofasciata, Rupp. ... 62 Seriolichthys, Blhr. bipinnulatus, Q. & G. . . . 62 Naucrates, Cuv. ductor, L 63 Chorinemus, C. & V. lysan, Forsh 63 sancti Petri, C.&V.. . . 64 tol, Russ. (Seychelles). Temnodon, C. & V. saltator, C. & V. (Madag.). Trachynotus, Lacep. ovatus, L 64 baillonii, Lacep 64 Psettus, Commers. argenteus, L 64 falciformis, Lacep. (Reunion), orbicularis, Guich. (Madag.), Platax, C. & V. vespertilio, Bl 64 teira, Forsh 65 Zanclus, Commers. cornutus, L 65 b X LIST OF FISHES OBSERVED ON THE Page Psenes, C. & V. fuscus, Quick. (Madagascar). Equula, Guv. fasciata, Lacep. (Seychelles), edentula, Bl. ...... 65 parviceps, C. & V. (Maur.). splendens, Guv. (Mauritius). Gazza, Rupp. minuta, Bl. (Seychelles), equulmformis, Rupp. ... 65 STROMATEID^E. Stromateus, Artedi. niger, Bl. ....... 65 CORYPHiENIDriE. Coryphaena, Artedi. hippurus, L Pteraclis, Gronov. ocellatus, C. & V. (Mozamb.). trichipterus, G. & V. (Madag.). Mene, Lacep. maculata, Sckn 66 NOMEIDH5. Nomeus, Guv. gronovii, L. 66 SCOMBRIDiE. Scomber, Artedi. kanagurta, Guv. (Mozamb.). microlepidotus, Rupp. ... 66 delphinalis, Comm. (Madag.). Thynnus, G. & V. thynmis, L. (Reunion), thunnina, C. & V. . . . . 67 pelamys, L. ...... 67 Auxis, G. & V. rochei, Risso ...... 67 Cybiura, Guv. commersonii, Lacep. ... 67 Elacate, Guv. nigra, Bl. ....... 67 Echeneis, Artedi. remora, L. ...... 68 nancrates, L. ..... 68 TRACHINIDiE. Percis, Sckn. nebulosa, G. & V. (Maur.). punetulata, C. & V. . . . 68 polyophthalma, Ehrenb. . . 68 hexophthalma, Ehrenb. . . 68 xanthozona, BlTcr. .... 69 pulchella, Schley. .... 69 cancellata, C. & V. (Mozamb.). Sillago, Guv. sihama, For sic. ..... 69 acuta, 0.& V. (E. C. of Africa). Page Latilus, C. & V. doliatus, C. & V. (Maur.). ? argentatus, G. & V. (Maur.) Opisthognathus, Guv. nigromarginatus, Rupp. . . 69 MALACANTHIDBE. Malacanthus, Guv. latovittatus, Lacep. (Maur.). hoedti, BlTcr. (Mauritius), hrevirostris, Quick. (Madag.). BATRACHID2E. Batrachus, Sckn . uranoscopus, Guich. (Madag.). PEDICULATI. Antennarius, Commers. commersonii, Lacep. (Maur.) marmoratus, Gthr. . . . . 70 nummifer, Guv. ..... 70 bigibbus, Lacep. (Mauritius), nesogallicus, G. & V. (Maur.). hispidus, G. & V. (Maur.) histrio, Guv. (Maur.). coccineus,Lrss.&(rarn.(Maur.) . COTTIDAS. Synancidium, Mull. horridum, L. (Reunion). Synanceia, Sckn. verrucosa, Sckn. .... 49 Minous, C. & V. monodactylus, Sckn. (Maur.). Pelor, C. &l V. filamentosum, C. & V. (Maur.) Platycephalus, Sckn. insidiator, For sic .... 49 punctatus, G. & V. (Mozamb.). scaber, C.& V. (Reunion), borbonensis, C. & V. (Reun.). pristis, Pet. ...... 49 CATAPHRACTI. Dactylopterus, Lacep. orientalis, C. 4' V 49 GOBIIDiE. Gobius, Artedi. obscurus, Pet. ..... 146 atherinoides, Pet. (Mozamb.). giuris, Buch. Ham. . . . . 70 nebulo-punctatus, G. & V. . 71 coalitus, Benn. (Mauritius), soporator, C. & V. (Maur.). filosus, C. & V. (Mauritius), oplithalm otsenia, Bllcr. . . 71 caninus, 0. & V. .... 71 signatus, Pet. (Mozambique), seneofuscus, Pet. (Mozamb.). Page ocellaris, Brouss. (Mauritius), nigripinnis, C. & V. (Reun.) pallidus, G. & V. (Mauritius), cseruleus, Lacep. (Reunion), semicirculatus, Benn. (Maur.). papilio, C. & V. (Mauritius). albo-maculatus, Rupp. . . 71 *sewardii, Playf. .... 71 filifer, C. & V. (Reunion). Gobiosoma, Girard. *fasciatum, Playf. . . . .72 Gobiodon, K. & v. H. citrinus, Rupp. ..... 72 #reticulatus, Playf. . ... 72 ?coryphsenula,(7.&F.(Madag.). Sicydium, G. & V. lagocephalum, Kolr. (Maur.). laticeps, C. & V. (Reunion). Periophthalmus, Sckn. koelreuteri, C. & V. ... 73 Cotylopus, Guich. (Reunion), acutipinnis, Guich. (Reunion), parvipinnis, Guich. (Reunion). Eleotris, Gronov. ophiocephalus, K. & v. H. . . 73 madagascariensis, C. & V. . 78 butis. Buck. Ham. .... 73 *wardii, Playf. ..... 73 cyprinoides, C. & V. (Reun.). fornasini, Bianc. (Mozamb.) fusca, Sckn. .74 *soaresi, Playf. ..... 74 microlepis, Bllcr 75 Callionymus, L. curvicornis, C. & V. (Reun.). sagitta, Pal. (Reunion), longicaudatus, Schley. . . .76 marmoratus, Pet. . . . . 76 lineolatus, C. & V. (Reunion). BLENNIIDiE. Petroscirtes, Rupp. elongatus, Pet. ..... 76 variabilis, Cant. ..... 76 barbatus. Pet. 76 Salarias, Cuv. tridactylus, Sckn. (Reunion), fasciatus, Bl. ...... 77 frenatus, C. & V. (Reunion). castaneus, C. & V. (Mauritius), vermiculatus, C.& V. (Seych.). periophthalmus, C.& F.(Reun.). dussumieri, C. & V. . . . 77 quadrieornis,C, &F.(Mozamb.). meleagris, C. & V. (Reunion). oorti, Bllcr 77 unicolor, Riipp 77 Nemophis, Kp. lessonii, Kp. (Madagascar). EAST COAST OF AFRICA. SPHYILEXID/E. Page Splirysena, Cuv. jcllo, Btiss <8 commersonii, C. & V. (Maur.). dussumieri, C. & V. (Maur.). obtusata, C. & V. . ... 78 again, B'upp ' 8 ATHERIMDZG. Atberina, Artedi. afra, Pet. (Mozombique). pinguis, Lacep. (E. C. of Afr.). punctata, Benn. (Mauritius), forskalii, Bilpp ”8 MUGILIDiE. Mugil, Artedi. robustus, Gthr. (Madag.). borbonicus, C. & V. (Reun.). axillaris, Blkr. (Mauritius) . cseruleo-maculatus, Lacep. . 78 ceylonensis, Gthr 79 Agonostoma, Benn. telfairii, Benn 79 dobuloides, C. & V. (Maur.), FISTULARIDiE. Fistularia, L. serrata, Bl 79 tabaccaria, L. (Reunion). Aulostoma, Lacep. cbinense, L 79 CENTRISCIDiE. Centriscus, L. gracilis, Lowe 80 Ampbisile, Klein. punctulata, Bianc 80 LABYRINTHICI. Ctenopoma, Pet. multispinis, Pet. (Quillimane) . Ospbroraenus, Commers. olfax, Commers. .... 80 ACANTHOPTERYGII PHARYNGOGNATHI. POMACENTRIDiE. Ampbiprion, Selin. clarkii, Benn. (Mozambique) . xanthurus, C. & V. (Maur.). ehrysogaster, C. & V. (Maur.). fusciventer, Benn. (Maur.). bicinctus, Bupp 80 trifasciatus, C. & V. (Reun.). Premnas, Cuv. biaculeatus, Blkr. (Reunion). Page Dascyllus, Cuv. aruanus, L. 81 trimaculatus, Bupp. . . . 81 marginatus, Bilpp 81 xantbosoma, Blkr. (Maur.). Pomacentrus, Lacep. annulatus, Pet 81 pavo, Bl 81 cseruleus, Q. & G. (Maur.) . obtusirostris, Gthr. ... 82 trilineatus, Ehrenb. ... 82 bankanensis, Blkr. ... 82 scolopsis, Q. & G. (Mauritius) . punctatus, Q. & G 82 *tricbourus, Gthr 146 littoralis, K. & v. H. (Maur.). ater, Gthr. (Mauritius). Glypbidodon, Lacep. coelestinus, Soland. ... 82 septemfasciatus,(7.& F. (Maur.) . sordidus, Forsk 82 sparoides, C. & V. . . . . 83 melanopus, Bleek 83 sculptus, Pet. (Mozambique), melas, K.&v.H. . . . . 83 leucogaster, Blkr 83 antjerius, Blkr. (Mauritius), fallax, Pet. (Mozambique) . *adenensis, Gthr 83 limbatus, C. & V. (Reunion), margariteus, C & V. (Maur.). dickii, Lien. (Mauritius). Heliastes, Cuv. axillaris, Benn. (Mauritius), cinerascens, C. & V. (Reun.). lepidurus, C . & V. . . . . 84 *opercularis, Gthr 84 LABRIDiE. Xipbocbilus, Blkr. robustus, Gthr 85 *'gymnogenys, Gthr 85 Trocbocopus, Gthr. opercularis, Gthr. (Mauritius). Pteragogus, Pet. tamiops, Pet 86 opercularis, Pet 87 Cossypbus, C. & V. axillaris, Benn 87 leucostictus, Benn. (Maur.). diana, Lacep 87 macrurus, Lacep. (Mauritius) . bilunulatus, Lacep 87 atrolumbus, C. & V. ... 87 ? opercularis, Guich. (Reun.). Labroides, Blkr. dimidiatus, C. & V. ... 87 quadrilineatus, Bupp. ... 87 Duymceria, Blkr. filamentosa, Pet 88 xi Page Cbeilinus, Lacep. trilobatus, Lacep. .... 88 mossambicus, Gthr. ... 88 undulatus, Bupp 88 punctatus, Benn 89 fasciatus, Bl 89 lunulatus, Forsk. .... 89 radiatus, Schn 90 orientalis, Gthr 90 arenatus, C. & V. (Reunion). *rbodocbrous, Gthr. .... 90 *callophthalmus, Gthr. ... 90 Epibulus, Cuv. insicliator, Pall 91 Anampses, Cuv. cseruleopunctatus, Bilpp. . . 91 meleagris, C. & V. . . . . 91 amboinensis, Blkr 91 diadematus, Bilpp. ... 91 Hemigymnus, Gthr. fasciatus, Thunh 92 melanopterus, Bl 92 Stetbojulis, Gthr. strigiventer, Benn. .... 92 albovittata, Bonnai. ... 93 renardi, Blkr 93 interrupta, Blkr 93 axillaris, Q. & G 93 kalosoma, Blkr 94 Platyglossus, Klein. dussumieri, C. & V.- . . . 94 ? dubius, Steind. (Zanzibar) . scapularis, Benn 94 bortulanus, Lacep 94 *opercularis, Gthr 95 bimaculatus, Bupp. ... 95 marginatus, Bupp. (Maur.). Pseudojulis, Blkr. *argyreogaster, Gthr. ... 95 Novacula, C. & V. tamiurus, Lacep. . ... . 96 macrolepidota, Bl 96 pavo, C. & V. 97 aneitensis, Gthr. .... 97 punctulata, C.& V. . . . 97 Julis, C. & V. lunaris, L 97 genivittata, C. & V. (Mauri- tius). umbrostigma, Bilpp. (Reun.). abbortani, C. & V. (Maur.). mattbffii, C.& V. (Maur.). bebraica, Lacep 98 trilobata, Lacep 98 dorsalis, Q. & G 98 lamarii, C. & V. (Mauritius). Gompbosus, Lacep. cseruleus, Lacep 98 varius, Lacep. . . s . . 99 Cbeilio, Commers. inermis, Forsk 99 b 2 Xll LIST OF FISHES OBSERVED ON THE Page Coris, Gthr. cuvieri, Benn 99 formosa, Benn 100 aygula, Lacep. (Mauritius). annulata, Lacep 100 caudimacula, Q. & G. . . .101 *frerei, Gthr 101 Cymolutes, Gthr. prsetextatus, Q. & G. . . . 102 Pseudodax, Blkr. moluccensis, C. & V. . . . 102 Scarichthys, Bllcr. auritus, K.&v.H. . . . . 102 cseruleopunctatus, llupp. . 103 CaUyodon, C. & V. viridescens, Hupp 103 genistriatus, C. & V. . . .103 Pseudoscarus, Bllcr. pulcliellus, Rupp. (Mauritius). harid, For sic 104 viridis, Bl. (Reunion), striatus, C. & V. (Reunion). javanicus, Blkr 104 maculosus, Lacep 105 dussumieri, C. & V. (Seych.). globiceps, C. & V. . . . .105 *nigripinnis, Gthr 105 capitaneus, C. & V. . . . 105 macrochilus, Bllcr 106 rubroviolaceus, Bllcr. . . .106 bataviensis, Blkr. .... 106 pentazona, Bllcr 107 erythrodon, C. & V. . . . 107 nuchipunctatus, C. & V. . . 107 cyanognathus, Bllcr. . . . 108 troscliclii, Blkr 108 caudofasciatus, Gthr. . . . 108 *chloromelas, Gthr 109 gibbus, Rupp. (Mohilla). scaber, C. & V. (Mauritius), eyanescens, C.& V. (Maur.). variegatus, C. & V. (Maur.). taeniurus, C.& Y. (Maur.). Odax, C. & V. borbonicus, C. & V. (Reun.). GERRID.E. Gerres, Cuv. acinaces, Blkr. . . . . .110 richii, C. & V. (Reunion), poeti, C. & V. (Seychelles). *lineolatus, Gthr 110 oyena, Forsk Ill argyreus, Forst. (Mozarnb.). CHR0MIDJE. Chromis, Cuv. niloticus, Hassclq Ill mossambicus, Pet. (Mozamb.). ANACANTHINI. OPHIDIIDH1. Page Fierasfer, Cuv. neglectus, Pet Ill hoinei, Kp. (Reunion). PLEURONECTID7E. Psettodes, Benn. erumei, Bl 112 Pseudorhombus, Blkr. russellii, Gray 112 Rhomboidichthys, Blkr. pantberinus, Rupp. . . .112 lunatus, L. (Reunion). Plagusia, Cuv. marmorata, Blkr 113 Cynoglossus, Buch. Ham. quadrilineatus, Blkr. . . .113 PHYSOSTOMI. *' SILURIDiE. Clarias, Gronov. gariepinis, Burch 113 Heterobranchus, Geoffr. laticeps, Pet. (Mozamb.). Plotosus, Lacep. anguillaris, Bl 113 Eutropius, Mull. & Trosch. Species incerta 114 depressirostris, Pet. (Mozamb.). Bagrus, C. & V. bayad, Forsk. 114 Arius, Gthr. kirkii, Gthr. (Zambesi). thalassinus, Russ 114 falcarius, Richards 114 Synodontis, C. & V. sckal, Bl 115 gambiensis, Gthr 115 zambezensis, Pet. (Mozamb.). nebulosus, Pet. (Mozamb.). Malapterurus, Lacep. electricus, Gm. (Mozambique). Brachyalestes, Gthr. acutidens, Pet. (East Africa). Hydrocyon, M. & T. lineatus, Schley. (River Shire). Distichodus, M. & T. macrolepis, Gthr. (River Shire), shenga, Pet. (River Shire), mossambicus, Pet. (Mozamb.). SCOPELQLE. Saurus, C. & V. varius, Lacep 115 atlanticus, Johnson .... 115 myops, Forst 116 Saurida, C. & V. nebulosa, C. & V. . . . .116 tumbil, C. & V. 116 Page Scopelus, Cuv. asper, Richards 116 coccoi, Cocco 116 MORMYRIDiE. Mormyrus, L. macrolepidotus, Pet. . . .117 catostoma, Gthr 117 discorhynchus, Pet. (Mozamb.). longirostris, Pet. (Mozamb.). mucupe, Pet. (Mozambique), zambancnje, Pet. (Mozamb.). SCOMBRESOCIILE. Belone, Cuv. choram, Forsk 117 annulata, C. & V. (Seych.). melanostigma, (7.&F.(Reun.). platyura, Benn. (Mauritius), natalensis, Gthr. (East Africa). Hemiramphus, Cuv. dussumieri, C. & V. . . .117 commersonii, Cuv 117 georgii, C. & V. (Seychelles). Exoccetus, Artedi. mento, C. & V. 117 evolans, L. . . ' . . . . 118 brachysoma, Blkr 118 solandri, C. & V. (Seychelles). CYPRINODONTHLE. Haplochilus, M‘Cl. playfairii, Gthr 118 homalonotus, Burner. (Madag.). nuchimaculatus,(rt