——~=zaa> 9 9 8 FOO OOOO

RLORA OF NORPE ANNERUCA,

ILLUSTRATED BY

ORIGINAL COLOURED FIGURES.

<<a 6096 OO OSOOS 66

d -
fn, tee oar ot
A eee

=

oe)
ey, SES

FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA.

ILLUSTRATED BY

COLOURED FICURES.

DRAWN FROM NATURE.

=
te ER Raom aS x ee
EES

BY WILLIAM P. C. ‘BARTON, M,. D.

U.S. N.
PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.

VOLUME Ii.

PHILADELPHIA:
H. C. CAREY & I, LEA—CHESNUT STREET.

EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, TO WIT:

BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the thirty-first day of December, in the forty-eighth
year of the Independence of the United States of America, A. D, 1823, WEILLIAM P. C. BAR-
TON, of the said district, hath deposited in this office the title of a Book, the right whereof
he claims as Author in the words following, to wit: “ A Flora of North America. Illustrated
by coloured figures, drawn from Nature. By William P. C. Barton, M.D. U. S. N. Professor
of Botany in the University of Pennsylvania. Volume III.” In conformity to the Act of the
Congress of the United States, intituled, “An Act for the Encouragement of Learning, by se-
curing the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such copies
during the times therein mentioned.”~-And also to the Act, entitled, “ An Act supplemen-
tary toan Act, entitled ‘An Act for the Encouragement of Learning, by securing the copies
of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such copies during the times
therein mentioned,’ and extending the benefits thereof to the Arts of designing, engraving,
and etching historical and other Prints.”

D. CALDWELL, Clerk of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

TO THE HONOURABLE

SAMUEL bh. SOUTHARD,
SECRETARY OF THE NAVY

OF THE
UNITED STATES.

My DEAR SIR,

MY official relation to you as an officer of the service over which
you have been lately called to preside, would seem to render it a
very proper testimony of my respect, to inscribe any of my literary
labours to you. But, if this official connexion certainly warrants, as
an act of courtesy to my directing officer, this dedication, other con-
siderations of a personal nature present a ten-fold more powerful in-
ducement, and add a private and real gratification, to an act of pub-
lic respect.

Associated as we have been, in very early life, by the endearing
ties of scholars of the same institution, where an early intimacy with
each others characters, can be traced along with the delightful as-
sociations of scholastic restraint and pastimes, we have found our-

VOL. Dt. 2

vi DEDICATION.

selves, in older years, in a near relationship by official duties. Need
I say how much gratification I have had, in meeting, at so young
a period of his life, in the enjoyment of that reward which one of the
highest stations of his country has bestowed on him—one who gave
such early presage of talents and worth. If any thing could add to the
pleasure this public avowal affords me, it is my belief that our nume-
rous collegiate associates in this city, who take delight in the success
of the meritorious alumni of Nassau-Hall, can but read in it their own
sentiments. I am happy to add, that a promiscuous association with
all ranks of naval officers, has recently afforded me the opportunity
of learning, that the high expectations which have been conceived of
the present incumbent of their department, have, by all who have
had occasion through personal or other intercourse, to become ac-
quainted, been most fully realized.

Among those who will ever be most attached, allow me to place
myself, with the assurance, that the high esteem which youthful in-
timacy engendered, is enhanced by my belief in the justness, energy,
and courtesy, with which you will henceforth conduct, as you already
have conducted the high affairs of your important trust.

Though justice and energy are indispensible to the nation, and be-
long to a wise dispensation of that power which your elevated de-
partment demands, courtesy is necessary and due to a body of cava-
liers, to bind them to you by the paternal and protecting bands they

DEDICATION. Vil

are desirous of feeling. Where there is justice and urbanity in the dis-
charge of great public trusts, like that our chief magistrate has repos-
ed in you, entire satisfaction must result. Hence I am emboldened
to congratulate the heroic navy of our country on the elevation to
their councils and direction, of a man of genuine talents, possessing a
high sense of one, and modestly practising the other.

With these sentiments permit me to prefix your name to this vo-
lume of my Flora of North America, and avail myself of this oppor-
tunity of excusing myself for having put this dedication to press, with-
out your knowledge or consent.

WILLIAM P. C. BARTON.

Philadelphia, December 34st, 1828.

ADVERTISEMENT.

IT was the intention of the Author, as stated in the Advertisement
prefixed to Vol. I. to add the tints of Werner’s nomenclature of co-
lours to Vol. Il. Upon repeated experiments with the tints, it was
found that the best water colours produced in their combinations,
fading and evanescent tints—and the Author was acquainted with no
other mode of colouring them. He believes the tints of Werner’s
Book to be died by mineral solutions, and afterwards they are evi-
dently pasted in squares, opposite to the columns of names. Hence it
was impossible for him to add the tints, which he intended to do under
the idea that they were produced by the common colours in use.

TRABIONE Wxesite

CLETHRA ACUMINATA.

POINTED-LEAVED CLETHRA.

Decandria Monogynia, Linn. Erice, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix 5-parted, persistent. Petals 5. Style persistent. Stigma short and trifid,

Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved, enclosed by the calix.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Leaves oval, acuminate, somewhat obtuse at base, serrate, every where smooth,

nearly glaucous beneath ; racemes spiked, sub-solitary, bracteated, invested

with a white tomentum. Jich. and Pursh.

SYNONYM.

CieTuRA montana, Bartram’s Catalogue.

VOL. IDI. 1

2 Clethra acuminata.

A very large shrub, growing, according to Pursh, to “ the size of a
tree.” Whole bark of an ash-grey, much cut by transverse ridges, the
small branches being reddish. Leaves large, nearly oval, acuminate,
rather cordate, obtuse at base, finely serrated and smooth, inclining to
be glaucous beneath. Costa and ribs very conspicuous. Flowers
cream-white, borne in long, large, erect, and nutant racemes. Corolla
tubulous, contracted at the apex. Petals lanceolate, acute, bracteated.
Base of calices, peduncles, and whole spike invested with a dense,
cream-white tomentum. Style persistent. Grows on the high moun-
tains of Carolina ; flowering in July and August.

The genus Clethra contains five North American species, two or
three of which are ambiguous. The finest of these species is the Cle-
thra alnifolia, on account of the delicious and penetrating odour of its
flowers, which is often perceptible at a very considerable distance from
the spot where the shrub grows. The alnifolia is the most common
species in the United States, and as it is readily procured and very
hardy, it is surprising it is not generally cultivated. The present spe-
cies resembles it so closely, that to a common observer the absence
of that fine fragrance, for which the alnifolia is remarkable, would
alone distinguish it. The leaves, however, are much larger, and
broader at the base than the common species, and the whole shrub
of a much greater size, and seldom flowering under a stature of
six or eight feet, while the sweet-smelling Clethra flowers in the bogs
of Jersey, at the height of two feet. The present shrub forms a large

Clethra acuminata. 3

showy bush for borders, and by its numerous and long continuing ra-
cemes of white flowers, forms, when interspersed with other shrub-

bery, an ornamental plant.

The table represents a flowering portion of its natural size.

TABI xls
DENTARIA LACINIATA.

JAGGED-LEAVED TOOTH-WORT.

Tetradynamia Siliqulosa, Linn, Cruciferx, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Silique springing open elastically, and the valves “ nerveless” and revolute. Dissepi-

ment partly fungose. Stigma emarginate. Calix longitudinally connivent.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Leaves thrice ternate ; folioles tripartitile, linear-oblong, cut-dentate ; roots tuber-
ous, moniliform, Willd,

SYNONYM.
DeENTARIA concatenata, Mich.

Puant from nine inches to a foot and a half high. Root perennial,

consisting of oblong, whitish tubers, tapering to an obtuse apex at

4

> oc
a > Sat Pes 4 dee a

Pe

> — ei g
eda aru

—

- ee ern * iaedied a. ae «- ea * " .
— me ~~ I ee Anyprand be GS Mite

ae Re se
Degen bom Nature ig FP < Rar.

DENTARIA LACINIATA

Dentaria laciniata. 5

either end, varying greatly in number, being often only two or three,
while at other times many are found catenated by numerous, small,
darker coloured fibres. Hence the specific name by which Michaux
designated this species. Stem bifoliate, cylindrical, ereenish-yellow.
Leaves three times ternate, laciniated, consisting of three-parted fo-
lioles ; the lacinize oblong-linear, smooth on both sides ; costa conspi-
cuous, Flowers pedunculated, borne in a cluster without bracts or
bracteiform scales; they are of a pale peach-blossom-red colour. Pe-
tals four, obtuse, spathulate. Grows on the sides of rich shady woods,
and in elevated situations screened from the sun, where the soil consists
principally of rich mould made up of decayed vegetable matter, from
one end of the United States to the other, Flowers in May and June,

The genus Dentaria or Tooth-wort takes its name from the re-
semblance of the tuberous roots of the whole genus to teeth. The
known North American species do not exceed four in number.
Pursh only enumerates three. I have, however, seen mutilated
specimens from Kentucky, of a fourth species. Like most of the
cruciform plants, the different species possess in common, a por-
tion of that peculiar pungent property known in mustard, pepper-
grass, and horse-radish. The roots of the Dentaria diphylla, a spe-
cies allied to this one, found abundantly in beach woods on the high
mountains of the western country, are used by the inhabitants in-
stead of mustard. It is known by the name Pepper-root. The flowers
of the present species are never purple as stated by Pursh, but a deli-

VOL. I. 2

6 Dentaria laciniata.

cate blossom-red, inclining to white ; indeed, plants are frequently
found with entirely white flowers. In the vicinity of this city Dentaria
laciniata grows abundantly along the high banks of the Schuylkill
above the falls, in company with the species called Pepper-root, and
on the high banks of the Wissahickon creek.

From the trials I have made with these two species, it appears to
me, they do not bear transplanting into a garden soil—at least they
require much care, and an artificial imitation of their native mould, to
ensure their growth and vigour. They do not increase in size or im-
prove in colour by any attention in their culture to which I have sub-
jected them.

Fig. 4. Represents the top of the plant of its natural size, cut asunder
from

2. The root.
3. A flower,

4. Calix, with stamens and pistil.

e +
.
ee eee ae = = — ; - 5 :
Prawn tham Nacere be PC Barton a = = stereos

~ Engraved ly CB Lilis

COREOPSIS VERTICILLATA

TRABIOIE x20 tS
COREOPSIS VERTICILLATA.

WHORLED-LEAVED COREOPSIS.
Syngenesia Frustranee, Linn. Corymbifere, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix double, both many-leaved, (8—12,) interior equal, sub-coriaceous and colour-
ed. Receptacle paleaceous, scales flat. Seed compressed, ¢marginate, biden-
tate ; dentures rarely awned.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Leaves verticillated, pinnated by three’s or five’s; pinnz linear, 3-parted, and indi-
vided ; disk discoloured. Willd.

Root perennial, fibrous. Plant from two to three feet high, some-
times taller in luxuriant soils. Stem erect, leaves pinnated, in whorls
of three, five, and often opposite in pairs, particularly towards
the summit; the segments linear, from one and a half to two inches
long. Flowers handsome, rays yellow, with dark sienna disk. Grows
on high hills and mountainous lands in dry soil, from Maryland to
Carolina, and probably will be found further south. It delights in the
exposed borders of dry hilly woods; flowering from July till October.

8 Coreopsis verticillata.

The genus Coreopsis affords some of the most elegant of our sum-
mer and autumnal flowers—several species have already been figured
in this work. The present one is confined exclusively to states
southern of Pennsylvania. Though I have met with it near the bor-
ders of this state, I have never seen it growing wild within its limits ;
yet the Alleghany mountains contain many plants with which this
grows in company where I have seen it, and it is more than pro-
bable that it grows in some of its arid woods. Under cultivation,
like all the species of this genus, it improves much in size and luxu-
riance ; and notwithstanding its evident predilection for dry sunny
places, it is found to thrive in damp shady borders of rich soil, in gar-
dens into which it has been introduced. Its similarity with another
species, the tenuifolia, has caused some botanists to confound them un-
der the idea of their identity. Besides that the leaves of the tenuifolia
are much more delicate, long, and less rigid than those of the present
plant—a slight glance at the ray petals of the former will suffice to
show their discrepancy with those of the verticillata. Pursh by a sin-
gular oversight, has given precisely the same specific character to
both these species, quoting Willdenow for both, referring to different
pages of his work. The present plant may be recommended as a
hardy perennial, increasing rapidly by sowing its own seed, in the open
borders of gardens, and is well worth cultivation to the exclusion of
the numerous less showy and more troublesome exotics so often nur-
tured there.

The table represents a flowering portion of the plant as large as
nature.

CYPRIOUP i

SHIs

1 DM

PUBESC

Wty
HA A

8

°

Engraved. by GB Bilis.

SOR A 1 ee

a

SSS SS Ee eae

TWABIOIS Wo
CYPRIPEDIUM PUBESCENS.

LARGE YELLOW LADY’S-SLIPPER.
Gynandria Diandria, Linn, Orchidex, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Lip ventricose, inflated, saccate. Petals 4, the under one bifid. The co/umn termi-
nating behind in a petaloid lobe.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Stem leafy ; lobe of the style triangular-oblong, obtuse ; exterior petals ovate-oblong,
acuminate ; interior very long, linear, contorted; lip compressed, shorter
than the petals. Wild.

SYNONYMS.

CyprirepivumM flavescens, Redout, pl. liliac.
C. calceolus, 8. Sp. Pl. 1346.
C. calceolus, Walt.

VOL. II. 3

10 Cypripedium pubescens,

Wuo se plant pubescent, from twelve to eighteen inches high. Root
perennial, fleshy. Stem leafy, round. Leaves large, broad, plaited, re-
sembling in general structure those of other species of this natural
genus, sheathing the stem at the base, nearly the same colour on both
sides, and covered all over with a short, soft, dense pubescence.
Flowers very handsome and showy, generally solitary, though in
situations favourable to its luxuriance it is sometimes found with two
or three. Petals linear, siskin-green, with reddish spots, the two lateral
petals very long and spirally convoluted. Lower lip and nectary
bright gamboge-yellow. Grows on the sides of stony hills covered
with underwood and small trees, which admit the sun through their
leaves and branches to the ground, from Delaware to Canada. Flowers

in May and June,

The name of the genus Cypripedium is derived from koxei<, Venus,
and +odsev, @ shoe—Venus’s shoe, or Lady’s-slipper. This is the second
species of this curiously constructed genus figured in this work, and
like most of the other species which would be eagerly cultivated
for their beauty and singularity, itis transplanted with difficulty and
rarely flowers the succeeding season, without great care in ensuring
to it the same or similar soil as that in which it naturally grows. The
same obstacle occurs in the cultivation of most of the orchidean plants
of this country ; and this shyness of culture is particularly to be re-
gretted, since this tribe of plants furnishes us with many very elegant
and curious species.

Cypripedium pubescens. 14

Cypripedium pubescens is a rare plant in the middle states, be-
coming more frequent towards the north. In the Vicinity of this city
above the falls of Schuylkill on the west side, it was, some years ago,
somewhat frequent, but it has latterly almost entirely disappeared

from that locality. Above the falls as high as French Creek, it is to
be found sparingly.

The figure represents the plant of its common size—the flowers
often being much larger.

WAIHI WAV o
MALAXIS LONGIFOLIA.

LONG-LEAVED MALAXIS,
Gynandria Monogynia, Linn, Orchidezx, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Petals 5, narrower than the lip, spreading or deflected. Lip flattened, undivided, ses-

sile, (mostly situated behind.) Column porrected. Pollinia 4, parallel, affixed
to the summit of the stigma. Nutt.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER,

Bulb subrotund ; scape 2-leaved; leaves broad-lanceolate, longer than the scape ;

spike oblong; lip cordate, concave, canaliculate, shorter than the petals. B.

A YELLOWISH-GREEN plant, from three to seven inches high. Root
perennial, a roundish bulb sending off a few fascicled radicles, and a
large off-set, the germ of a new plant. Leaves a pair, broad-lanceolate,
tapering at base and apex; they are often elliptical-lanceolate, long,
and obscurely furrowed. Scape four-sided, and naked the greatest part

Draws Ban Nature, by WP C. Barton

Bagraved. by GB Eilts

“MALAXTIS LONGIFOLIA. : ;

Malazxis longifolia. 13

of its length, bearing an oblong spike of scattered flowers of a siskin-
green colour, the lateral petals being straw-yellow; spike generally
ten-flowered. Petals linear. Germ short, being one-third the length of
those of Malaxis liliifolia. Lip half the length of the petals, a struc-
ture in which this species differs strikingly from the one just men-
tioned, in which it is broad-spathulated, plane, or rather somewhat
convex, and longer than the petals. Grows at the roots and under
the shade of large trees in damp woods ; flowering in June.

The term Malaxis was applied by Professor Swartz to a new and
very distinct genus of the orchidean tribe, established by Dr. Solan-
der and himself. The word p«a«éi:., expresses softness, and seems to
allude to the delicacy of habit and structure which marks these plants.

I discovered this species June 11th, 1815, while herborizing in the
neighbourhood of this city, in the woods bordering the Schuylkill near
Mantua village, and not more than a quarter of a mile from Market
street Permanent Bridge. At that time, though I made a diligent
search, no more than a single individual presented itself. On my re-
turn home I made the drawing from which the plate has been en-
graved. On the 15th of the same month I met with two more speci-
mens in full flower, and two past florescence, the seed-vessel being
formed; and on the 16th read a description of the plant, accom-
panied with the drawing, to the Philosophical Society. "The communi-
cation was referred to a committee of botanists, who reported an opi-

VOL. It. 4

14 Malaxis longifolia.

nion that the plant was identical with Ophrys Loeselii of Europe,
and decided against publishing it under this impression. On the
13th of June, 1816, during an excursion with my class, near Mantua
village, I detected four more specimens, and two others were found by
two of the pupils accompanying me. Since that period I have annu-
ally found the plant growing along the course of the Schuylkill on the
west side, in damp shady woods of rich soil. It is, however, rare,
and rather local, and from its herbaceous hue is not easily seen even
when in flower. Mr, Nuttall found it in the summer of 1818 on the
Wissahiccon creek, near Longstreth’s mills. In all the specimens
found, the characters have been constant; and the only deviation
which has occurred in those I have chanced to meet with, is in
the size, several specimens having flowered when no more than three
inches high, The leaves are usually, particularly in the smaller spe-
cimens, much longer than the scape, which has induced me to affix
the specific appellation of longifolia, in lieu of the indiscriminative
one by which I first designated it in the Prodromus Flore Philadel-
phicee.

This Malaxis delights in the same kind of soil and situation in which
the other two American species of the genus are found. It grows in
company with Malaxis liliifolia, Malaxis unifolia, Hyosceris amplexi-
caulis, Ophioglussum vulgare, Botrypus virginicus, Onoclea sensi-
blilis, and other plants delighting in orchidean ground. It flowers
about the second week of June, and continues in flower many days
without much withering.

Malazxis longifolia. 15

The opinion of the identity of this plant with Malaxis Loeselii,
(Ophrys,) is decidedly erroneous. If there be any fidelity in botanical
figures and description, those given in the best works of Ophrys Loe-
selii should never lead any one to confound the two plants. In the third
volume of the Flora Batava, there is a fine figure of the European
plant; and in English Botany, Vol. i. Plate 47, there is another good
representation of this rare European Malaxis. In these figures the
spike is twice the length of the leaves—the flowers differently
constructed—the stem or scape triangular instead of four-sided as in
Malaxis longifolia, and the petals not horizontal. The spike is fewer-
flowered than in the present plant.

Fig. 1. Represents a plant of the largest size in flower of Malaxis
longifolia.

2. A flower separated and magnified.

TAB IONS UXO Us

CHELONE GLABRA.

SMOOTH SNAKE-HEAD.
Didynamia Angiospermia, Linn. Bignonizx, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix 5-parted, tribracteate. Corolla ringent, ventricose. Sterile filaments shorter
than the rest. Anthers lanuginous. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved. Seeds mem-

branaceously margined.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Leaves opposite, lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, serrate ; spikes terminal, close-flow-
ered. Willd. and Pursh.

SYNONYM.

CuELoneE glabra, «. Pursh.

A Tawi, branching, showy plant, inhabiting watery places. Root
perennial, Stem smooth, roundish or obscurely quadrangular, erect,

7, eta 18,

[ee eesindinataneetiedie nae
. adllindiiaiietdee tee
fe .

ee eee cr
en ek

nom TRI rat .A° 7m a
oe. ite Ha 2D ANS GMs ior LA bi R (\. 0

Chelone glabra. 17

branching, strong, from two to three feet high, terminating in fascicled
spikes of singular cream-white flowers. Leaves smooth, pale on the
under side, opposite, numerous, crowded towards the summit of the
stems and branches, situated on petioles not exceeding an eighth of
an inch long, lanceolate, acuminate, sharply and deeply serrated, costa
and nerves very conspicuous. Flowers crowded together in dense
spikes, surrounded with clusters of large leaves. Spike becoming
elongated during florescence. Calices imbricated. Scales convex, ob-
long; obtuse, of a pale yellowish-green colour margined with carmine.
Corolla resembling a snake’s head with the mouth gaping ; hence the
common name; ventricose, of a cream-white colour in the inflated por-
tion and towards the base; apex discoloured with dingy green, mottled
with reddish spots. Stamens included, very villous. Grows along the
margins of rivulets and meadow drains, in watery thickets, and on the
banks of grassy water courses, very common throughout the Union.
Flowers from July till October, and I have often met with luxuriant
flowering specimens during that revival of vegetation which takes
place in our autumn, as late as November.

Pursh does not consider this a distinct species from the Chelone
obliqua, which is surprising tome. They cannot be confounded,
consistently with our present rules for specific discrepancy.

The name Chcelone is derived from ysaw», @ tortoise.

VOL, ILI. 5

{8 Chelone glabra.

Chelone glabra is a hardy herbaceous plant, bearing transplantation
in early summer exceedingly well, and continuing to thrive, flower,
and form seed in autumn, if abundantly supplied with water. Tt
is remarkable that although it is seldom or never found except in
watery places, it thrives well in the exposed borders of gardens, into
which it may be advantageously introduced, requiring no care after

the first season.

The figure represents a flowering specimen the size of nature.

RABE LDKKVIT,
POGONIA OPHIOGLOSSOIDES.

ADDER’S TONGUE POGONIA.
Gynandria Monogynia, Linn. Orchidezx, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Petals 5, distinct, without glands. Jip sessile, cucullate, internally crested. Pollen
farinaceous,

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Root fibrous; scape distantly 2-leaved; leaves oval-lanceolate ; lip fimbriated.
Willd. and Pursh.

Root horizontal, perennial, consisting of carnose fibres. Stem
erect, from eight to ten inches high, terete, smooth, furnished with a
single lanceolate, three-nerved, sub-obtuse leaf about midway of its
length, the base of which sheathes the stem. Flower mostly solitary,
sometimes there is a pair, terminating the stem, and garnished by
a linear-lanceolate, sub-obtuse bract, which might be considered a

VOL. Ul. 6

m -

SRS

20 Pogonia ophioglossoides.

second stem-leaf. All the parts of the flower peach-blossom-red, the
lower lip fimbriated ; germ three-fourths of an inch long. Pursh states
that the flowers are sometimes white—this I have never seen. Grows
in wet meadows, bogs and morasses, from Canada to Louisiana, com-
mon. Flowers in June and July,

This simply formed and beautiful little plant is the second of Mr.
Brown’s genus figured in this work. It is one of the commonest of
our bog plants, and thrives in pots filled with bog-earth kept in the
shade. In this manner the flowers improve in beauty, and indeed the
Whole plant becomes somewhat more robust. Much care however is
required to renew the earth when exhausted—otherwise the roots
perish,

The table represents the plant of its natural size.

ett

TABLE LERVINT
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA.

WITCH HAZEL.
Tetrandria Monogynia, Linn. Berberides, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Cahx 4-cleft, persistent, with three bractes. Petals 4, long and linear, with a short, di-
lated filament at the base of each; filaments and anthers united. Anthers
2-celled, each cell having a vertical valve. Capsule coriaceous, (nut,) 2-celled,

2-lobed, 2-awned ; apex 2-valved ; valves cleft. Seeds 2, arillate.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Leaves ovate, acutely dentated, cordate, with the sinus small. Pursh.

A LARGE branching shrub, attaining the height and dimensions of a
small tree. Branches irregular, the smaller ones knotty and zig-zag
by inches, halves, and quarters of an inch; the knotty prominences
originating from the cicatrices formed where the former leaf-stalks
have been, Bark ash-grey, smooth, mottled with lighter spots of the

jj \
X4 f A.
4 X . a

Wy \ d

- Z \ z
‘ |

ay)
eons waitin atest sd SS ee

ee a ee ea

Draun from Nature bv WP 0 RBarton. Engraved by L717 cbout

KAM AMIE IDTS ViILRGIDVIICA.

22 Hamamelis Virginica.

same hue and sienna-brown. A small blue lichen often invests even
the smallest twigs. Leaves large, smooth, broad-ovate, unevenly cor-
date at base, terminating in an obtuse point; irregularly and largely
toothed; the teeth sometimes acute, often obtuse. Costa prominent
beneath, sending off on either side, alternately at acute angles, five or
six nerves. Flowers situated on short foot-stalks in clusters along the
ends of the branches. Calices at first small, afterwards enlarging with
the approach of the fruit to maturity, consisting of thick scales, ex-
ternally pubescent. Stamens generally four, shorter than the cali-
cine segments, Petals gamboge-yellow, linear, obtuse, from half to
three-quarters of an inch long, involuted at their ends. The germ en-
larges slowly, requiring a whole year to bring it to maturity, at the ex-
piration of this time it becomes a hard, ovate nut of an ochre-yellow
colour, and invested externally with a dense, short pubescence, notch-
ed at the apex in the line of a subsequent fissure dividing the nut into
two halves, on the occurrence of which the seeds, four in number, are
thrown out. This opened nut remains for the most part on the
branches long after the succeeding period of florescence, becoming
after the seeds are dropped of a bistre-brown colour. Hence the
flowers and fruit are found on the shrub at the same time, which has
given origin to the generic appellation Hamamelis—eyeurais, being an
ancient Greek name from éuz, accompanying, and wxArcz, OF w#A:s, aN ap-
ple-tree, because the plant which bore it blossomed at the same time.
This is supposed by modern Botanists to have been the Mespilus
Amelanchier or something near it. Linnzeus finding the name unoc-

Hamamelis Virginica. 23

cupied, fixed upon it for a new American shrub which Mitchell had
called in his letters Trilopus. The reason of its application in the pre-
sent instance seems to be, that as the fruit is a whole year in ripening,
it accompanies the flowers in autumn, which are destined to produce
the next year’s fruit. The shrub begins to bloom generally in October,
while the leaves have either fallen, or are for the most part yellow and
decayed—and continues flowering in favourable situations all winter.
It inhabits stony ground, generally near the sunny borders of water
courses.

The divining rods formerly used by impostors, who pretended to
find precious ores, were made of the twigs of this tree ; and, in some
parts of the United States the credulous vulgar are still imposed on by
persons who pretend to find water by the indication of its branches.
For this purpose a forked branch is used and twirled between the
fingers and thumbs of both hands, during the muttering of some
mystical words, when, in the spot towards which the point of the bi-
furcation drops or points, water is said by them to exist. Hence the
name Witch Hazel.

The figure represents a terminal flowering twig of the size of na-
ture, culled on the 20th of October.

VOL, IIl. 7

WAIBION Wexk2cUeko

GENTIANA SAPONARIA.

SOAPWORT GENTIAN.,
Pentandria Digynia, Linn. Gentiane, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix half 5-cleft, or half 5-parted. Corolla tubulous at the base, campanulate ; bor-
der 4 or 5 cleft; divisions ciliate or entire, spreading, erect or connivent,
sometimes furnished with intermediate plaits. Stamina 4 or 5, distinct or

connate. Capsule 2-valved, 1-celled ; receptacles 2, longitudinal.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Stem terete, smooth; leaves oblong-lanceolate, three-nerved; flowers sessile, fasci-

culated, terminal and axillary ; corolla 2-cleft, campanulate, ventricose ; di-
visions obtuse.

SYNONYMS.

GENnTIANA fimbriata, Vahl. 3. p. 47.
G. Catesbei, Walt.

Table 70

Drawn from Natare bv WE CBParten. Engraved oy CTichout.

GENTIANA SAPONARIA.

Gentiana saponaria. 25

Roor perennial, consisting of several large, fleshy portions. Stem
numerous from the same root, erect, simple, terete, very smooth and
shining, of an apple-green hue, drying nearly white. Leaves opposite,
décussating, sessile or rather amplexicaule, large, broad-lanceolate,
nearly acuminate, entire, smooth on both sides, very pale apple-green
underneath, crowded at the summit. Costa prominent, having one
or two nerves on either side near to the margins. Flowers axillary
and terminal, numerous, sessile, and occasionally pedunculate, in clus-
ters of two, three, or four. Corolla campanulate, ventricose, four-cleft
and very finely toothed, puckered or plaited at the mouth, when in
full bloom expanding sufficiently to show the internal whiteness of the
folds. Stamens and pistil concealed by the corolla, which is of a fine
Prussian-blue blended into whiteness at the base, near which are four
small, bracteiform, green, ovate, acute leaves. Each fascicle of flowers
whether axillary or terminal, is garnished by several lanceolate, acu-
minate leaves resembling those of the stem except in size, being only
one inch and one and a half inch long. Grows in boggy ground and
damp rich meadows, from Canada to Louisiana, common. Flowering
in August and September.

The genus to which this elegant plant belongs is the yeorsar of the
Greeks, from Gentius, king of Illyria, who is said to have discovered
it, or first experienced its virtues as a cure for the plague which infect-
ed his army. The North American species are eight or ten, the present
being one of the most elegant. It is well deserving more extensive

26 Gentiana saponaria.

cultivation, inviting to this by its hardiness. The roots, like most spe-
cies of this genus, are very bitter, and might be substituted for those of
foreign gentian, They are, however, so much smaller than those of
Gentiana lutea, that the latter would always be preferred,

The figure represents the top of a plant of the size of nature.

3 SY,

© “Ze
>S wi

7 . vy ¥ 1 Jf

oy pce oe

~ 2 &\ Se

MLAS 31 UNE BLED OX OX)
GENTIANA CRINITA.
FRINGED-PETALLED GENTIAN.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Corolla 4-cleft; segments fimbriate ; leaves lanceolate, acute ; stem erect, terete.
Sp. Pl.

SYNONYM.
GenTIANA fimbriata, Botanical Repository, 509.

Roor biennial, smaller than that of the preceding species, but like-
wise bitter. Stems very numerous from the same root, about ten or
twelve inches high, round and smooth. Leaves short, lanceolate,
broad at base, acute, sessile, glabrous, same colour on either side.
Flowers terminal, solitary, large, of a rich bluish-purple; the segments
of the corolla being beautifully fringed. Calix segments lanceolate.

Inhabits damp woods and meadows near trees; flowering from Sep-
tember till November.

VOL. LI. 8

Titble. BO.

Se iene

. om ss a a eR TEE LO EL LLL LE LLL > ~~.
: . .
ps ’
| Mas: +) ees Why ys
rb h oh ;
aa " f
: nS ih i : /
. + ly ; h,
a fe | f bly fy ;
5 hy he
i | BS
. + ‘ . 4 i)

dives trom Matis be WIC Larton Bnygreeed by

GENTIANA CRINITA,

ee Ne A EE 6 Ee SEs ee em ee + er eens © are meme oa er mee

28 Gentiana crinita.
This very elegant plant is the richest of the American species of its

genus, and is well worth cultivation.

The table represents a flowering summit of a plant of its usual
size ; flowers are sometimes larger and occasionally smaller.

PPAIWIOIS Wits

BARTONIA ORNATA.

BARTONIA.
Tcosandria Monogynia, Linn. Loasex, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix superior, 5-cleft, persistent. Corolla of 10 petals. Capsule cylindric-oblong,
1-celled, summit flat, valvular: valvulz 3 to 7. Receptacular placentx 3 to 7,
parietal. Seeds numerous, compressed, arranged horizontally in a double
series.

Herbaceous; leaves alternate, pinnatifid, asperate ; flowers large, terminal and soli-
tary, vespertine, (or expanding towards sun-set,) not deciduous or marces-
cent after closing, but re-opening at the usual time for several days in suc-
cession, when closed involute in a cone; small valves of the capsule varia-
ble in number, but corresponding with the placente, and the spiral stria-
tures of the stigma; in the germ there exists the rudiments of a columnar
receptacle. The whole plant turns blackish in drying—on the slightest
wound it also exsudes a resinous sap which instantly blackens in the air,
Pubescence compoundly barbed and tenacious, as appears to be more or
less the case in the whole order of the Loasra. Nutt.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Leaves lanceolate, interruptedly pinnatifid; segments sub-acute ; base of the capsule
foliose; valves 5 to 7; seeds nearly without margin. Nutt.

OT LO A OTOL TONE * A

AOAC RR OO CO ON OL OE CE GLE OR I OIE GES LE AIRS EI

}
|
:
i
:
‘
5
.
i
\
;
es ee CR NR eC
awn alter Sone be WPCC Barn. Lngeavea by fh Ellis

BARTON LA SUPERIBA, Nun

b. ORNATA Pursh

30 Bartonia ornata.

SYNONYM.

* Bartonra decapetala, Sims’s Bot. Mag.

Tue whole plant, except the petals, more or less scabrous with
short barbed hairs. Biennial; root long, succulent and fusiform. Stem
irregularly angular and much branched, two to four feet high. Leaves
alternate, sessile, oblong-lanceolate, interruptedly and sinuately pin-
natifid, six to eight inches long ; segments three to six lines in length,
incurved, generally with one or two dentures on the lower side ;
uppermost leaves ovate-lanceolate, or dilated at the base, Calix in-
separably investing the germ, border five-cleft, superior, segments
lanceolate, acuminate, persistent, an inch long. Flowers odorous, yel-
lowish-white, of uncommon magnitude almost resembling some species
of Cactus, solitary and terminal, sessile. Petals ten, lanceolate-ovate,
concave and spreading, conspicuously unguiculate, acute, numerously
nerved, inserted upon the calix, about two inches long, the five inte-
rior somewhat smaller. Stamina very numerous, from two hundred
to two hundred and fifty more or less, a little shorter than the corolla
and inserted also upon the calix; filaments scarcely attenuated, fili-
form; anthers small, oblong, distinct, inserted upon the subulate sum-
mit of the filament, about a line in length, two-celled. Germ appear-
ing inferior, being inseparably invested by the lower part of the calix.
Style filiform, a little longer than the stamina, tubular, arising from
the centre of the valves, longitudinally and spirally striate, nectarifer-

Bartonia ornata. 31

ous at the base, strize five to seven, corresponding in number with
the valves of the capsule; distinct stigma none. Capsule cylindric-
oblong, one-celled, terminated by the persistent calix; summit flat
and orbicular, valvular, valves five to seven, opening from the cen-
tre; receptacle parietal, placentulze five to seven, succulent, two rows
of seeds in each. Seeds numerous, flat, subovate, nearly immargin-
ate; embryon straight, surrounded by a thin carnose perisperm; coty-
ledones two, flat, white; radicle umbilical, inferior, exserted, plumule
inconspicuous. Hab. On the banks of the Missouri in broken argilla-
ceous soils, Flowering from the latter end of August through Sep-
tember, and into October, but never in J uly. Nutt,

The genus Bartonia was named by Pursh and Nuttall in honour of
Dr. Benjamin Smith Barton, a man who contributed greatly to the
scientific character of our country, and to whom American Botany,
particularly, is under immeasurable obligations for its early cultiva-
tion and advancement.

The type of the genus, the very curious and elegant species here
figured, was discovered on the White Blufls, near Maha Village, by
the late M. Lewis, Esq. in 1804. A second species of Bartonia, B.
nuda, is described by Pursh in Sims’s Botanical Magazine, in which
the germ is naked and the seeds winged. This species Mr. Nuttall
found on the banks of the Missouri. It is biennial likewise, has smaller

VOL, III. 9

32 Bartonia ornata.

flowers, and the leaves are not so glaucous as those of B. ornata. In
every other respect Pursh remarks, the description of ornata is appli-
cable to B. nuda, with little deviation. In the latter species the num-
ber of petals is variable from ten to fifteen.

The table represents a flowering specimen as large as nature.

ae ae

Se.

PAB WawNto
GERARDIA TENUIFOLIA.
SLENDER-LEAVED GERARDIA.

Didynamia gymnospermia, Linn. Scrophulariz, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix half-cleft, or 5-toothed. Corolla sub-campanulate, unequally 5-lobed, segments,
mostly rounded. Capsule 2-celled, opening at the summit. Nuit.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Paniculate branched, leaves linear; peduncles axillary, opposite, longer than the

flowers. Willd.

SYNONYM.
G. erecta, Walt.
PLANT small and delicate. Root biennial. Stem erect, very much

branched, about ten or fifteen inches high. Branches fragile, and
nearly filiform. Leaves sessile, opposite, linear, acute, rigid, becom-

Table 82

=e SS I Re A RNG TREAT RTE

A ei ET ETRE Aa.

a

SR CY a RRS MSE Re

+ See a or

A a EO a

Tomwrowed by OB Biv

PE Tak BE eT

Lrson thom Wels ty WE C Boren

0

POW LA

%
Bf

1. TEND

R_AGR D ILA

ha

*

ty

C$

34 Gerardia tenuifolia.

ing arcuate when the plant is advanced. Flowers handsome, very nu-
merous, and situated on filiform peduncles an inch lone. Calix small,
five-toothed, teeth short. Corolla lake-red, segments large, obtuse, de-
lights in dry soils on the edges of woods. This species resembles very
much the Gerardia purpurea, which however is a much more robust
plant, and differs strikingly from the present species in the flowers,
which are sessile,

The genus to which the present species belongs, was named in ho-
nour of John Gerarde, a distinguished herbalist, who flourished in
the time of queen Elizabeth. It is an American genus, and rich in a
number of showy plants of various coloured flowers, of which the
most Common are red and yellow.

The plate represents the plant as large as nature, specimens being
frequently smaller, and occasionally larger than the type from which
it was drawn.

TRADING xen,
CYPRIPEDIUM HUMILE.

NOAH’S ARK. PURPLE LADY’S SLIPPER. MOCCASSIN FLOWER.
Gynandria Diandria, Linn. Orchidex, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Lip ventricose, inflated, saccate. Petals 4, the under one bifid. The column termi-

nating behind, in a petaloid lobe.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Scape leafless, one-flowered ; radical leaves a pair, oblong-obtuse ; lobe of the style
sub-rotund-rhomboid, acuminate, deflexed; lip longer than the lanceolate

petals, with a fissure behind. Willd.

SYNONYM. ©

CyprIPEDIUM acaule, Aiton.

Root perennial, an irregular bulb, with numerous carnose fibres.
Leaves radical, a pair, ovate-lanceolate, pubescent, grooved by deep

VOL. Ii. 10

Seeeneeeeneteaninanaln at an

2 eae er sn re gene ESPN ce ese

bd

CYPRIPE DIUM

wrna

> Ai

a ee ee

ee eee eee

7 SEE Cares or

36 Cypripedium humitle.

nerves sheathing each other, and embraced near the root by two or
more stipular-like sheathes. Scape naked, erect, embraced while the
plant is in flower by the folded leaves, which afterwards expand and
increase in size. Flower solitary and terminal. Petals dull purplish-
green, or purple and yellow, long. Nectary large, pendulous, globose,
pubescent, lake-red, delicately streaked with darker veins of the same
hue. Grows in deep shady swamps and morasses, where the soil con-
sists of a rich mould from decayed vegetable matter, In these situa-
tions only, the plant attains perfection—for though sometimes found
in drier places, it is comparatively small, and much less beautiful.
Grows throughout the union, but especially abundant and luxuriant
in the bogs of Jersey, where I have often seen specimens twice the
size of the one figured in the plate. Flowers in May and June,

This singular plant partakes of the peculiarity of structure which
belongs to the genus of which three species are figured in this
work. It is a favourite flower, from the circumstance of its continuing
to bloom a long time. It does not however, bear the soil or atmos-
phere of common gardens, the moisture that is requisite for its vi-
gour being in them wanting, it soon dwindles in size or totally disap-
pears. I have repeatedly attempted to cultivate it, but have never had
a plant to bloom a second season.

The table represents the plant of its common size during flores-
cence, after which the leaves become broader and larger,

LAWS SIENE! BBLEDX OX OX LOY A)
POTAMOGETON DIVERSIFOLIUM.

VARIOUS-LEAVED POND WEED. SMALLEST POND WEED.
Tetrandria Tetragynia, Linn. Najaides, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Galix 4-leaved. Corolla0. Style 0. Seeds 4, Leaves sheathing; those of the stem
often attenuated, floral leaves mostly opposite ; flowers spiked, terminal, or
axillary; ramuli and spikes having frequently two sheathes at the base.
Nutt one-seeded, cochleated ; embryon erect, exalbuminous, curved, invo-

luted. —Nutt.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Plant small, delicate; stem filiform, emersed; floating leaves elliptical, petiolated,
half an inch long, six-nerved ; submersed leaves sessile, filiform, long; spikes

numerous, small, depressed, in the axills of the leaves.—B. Prod. £71. Ph.

A stneunar and delicate little plant. Upper leaves about half an
inch long, and not quite a quarter wide, elliptical, somewhat convex
on their disk, dark, shining sap-green, six-nerved, (rather six-grooved,
the nerves being depressed,) petioles very short. Submersed leaves
very delicately filiform. Stem filiform. Flowers few, borne on axillary.

38 Potamogeton diversifolium.

compressed spikes, differing in this structure remarkably from all
other American species of the genus, which bear their flowers in long
terminal spikes. Inhabits stagnant pools with boggy bottoms, in Jer-
sey near Woodbury, flowering in July and August.

The generic appellation Potamogeton, (signifying Pond weed,) is
the rJeuev«:2#» of the ancient Greeks,so called from morauos, a TIvEr, and
velar, a neighbour or ally, because all the species of the genus inhabit
pools and ponds, The present little plant I detected in July, 1844, The
small nutant leaves, about six or eight in number, have a convex and
very shining appearance, resembling, as they are spread on the water,
the little aromatic water beetle, which is often seen on the surface of
stagnant pools. The submersed leaves and stem are so very delicate
as to be imperceptible, except in very clear water, This species is
allied to P. hybridum of Michaux, but is very distinct. It is not un-
likely that it is the P. setaceum* of Pursh. I had published it prior
to the publication of his work under the above specific name, therefore
have not thought proper to change it,

The table represents the plant of the natural size.

* P. setaceum. Upper leaves opposite, lanceolate, 5-nerved, short, petiolate, lower
ones alternate, filiform, spikes dense, alternate, shorter than the leaf, Pursh. On
small Jakes and rivers, on the pine barrens of Jersey, Y. July, August, V.S. The
upper leaves are scarcely half an inch long, the whole plant very slender. Pursh.
Fl. Am. Sep. vol. i. p. 120.

TRAIBIO xk 70
IRIS PRISMATICA.

PRISM-CAPSULED IRIS.

Tetrandria Monogynia, Linn. Irides, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Corolla 6-parted, large ; three of the lamina erect; the other three reflected, with or
without a crest or beard on the inner side, and bearing the stamina at their
base. Style short. Stigmata 3, petaloid, oblong, large, usually arched. Sta-
mina incumbent, covered by the stigmata. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved, many-
seeded. Seeds flat, triangular, (in some species nearly round or spherical.)
Nutt.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Flowers beardless; stem solid, round, as long as the leaves; leaves very narrow

and long; capsule long, in the form of a prism, narrowed ateach end. Pursh.

Roor perennial, resembling the roots of other species of this na-
tural genus. Stems very numerous, about two or three feet high, solid,
round, smooth, slender, erect, somewhat tortuous, diverging from a
right line at the joints where the leaves originate. Leaves smooth,
linear, and grass-like, numerous, very long, particularly those arising
from the root, terminating for the most part in a sphacelated acumi-
nation. Flowers terminal, solitary, or by pairs, bi-bracteate. Bractes

VOL. II. 14

a . :

a

40 Tris prismatica.

sheathing, ventricose, acuminate. Germ obscurely prismatic, small,
rarely exceeding during inflorescence, a quarter or half an inch,
swelling and becoming elongated soon after the flower fades, and
finally becoming a large, distinct, prismatic capsule. Flowers campa-
nula purple, smaller than those of the generality of the species. Petals
spathulate, obtuse, paler and often white towards the base. Stigmas
linear, incurved, Grows in damp places in the vicinity of water
courses, sometimes but rarely found in exsiccated thickets. Not com-
mon, nor very abundant where found. Flowers in July.

The genus Iris is the «:; of the ancient Greeks, so named from the
yarious, and somewhat concentric hues of the flowers, which give an
idea of the rain-bow. The modern Greeks call it xpi0-, and the Turks
susen, both which words are synonymous with the English word lily,
and the French fleur-de-lis. |

The present species was first particularly described by Pursh. It had
previously been confounded with his Virginica, under which name
it stands in the catalogue and borders of Kingsessing or Bartram’s
Gardens. In the neighbourhood of this city it is found near Kaighn’s
point on the Jersey side of the Delaware—it is occasionally met with
along the banks of the Schuylkill a little south of Bartram’s gardens,

The table represents a flowering portion of its natural size, the
radical leaves however, being four times as long as the largest of the
figure,

TWAIBION Wwe VV oUt fo

MONOTROPA UNIFLORA.

ONE-FLOWERED WAX-PLANT.

Decandria Monogynia, Linn. Monotropex, Nutt.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix none. Corolla pseudo-polypetalous, persistent; segments 3, each with a cucul-
P polyp »P § ’

late, nectariferous base. Anthers reniform, horizontal, 1-celled, emitting the

pollen near the middle, by two transverse foramina. Stigma orbicular, naked.

Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds very numerous, minute, subulate. Nutt.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Scape short, thick, one-flowered ; scales approximate ; flower drooping. Pursh.

A parasitic plant about a span high, every part of a snow-white
colour, and perfectly smooth. Root a globose perennial body, an
inch thick, consisting of a great number of densely ramified fibres of
a sienna-brown colour. Fibres very brittle. Stems four or five from
the same root, erect, nutant at the apex, and supporting each a droop-

VOL. Il. 12

3
3
5
.
2
j

MONOTROPA UTNIFLORA.,

PLANIFOLICS.

SCIRPUS

42 Monotropa uniflora.

ing, terminal flower. Scale-like leaves small towards the root, larger
above, ovate-obtuse, nerved, the nerves from five to seven, Corolla
persistent, consisting of about eight petals, which are channelled and
connected to the base of the germ. Stamina ten, filaments pubescent,
anthers kidney-shaped and horizontally peltate. Style small; stigma
smooth, orbicular, becoming pitcher-shaped, depressed in shape of a
hollow cone at the apex, having the margin viscid and raised by a
glandular structure. Capsule consisting of five cells and five valves,
containing a great number of very small, brownish seeds. Grows in
rich shady woods, flowering in May and June.

The genus Monotropa, as modified by late botanists, contains but
two species. The present plant is the most common of them, and is
greatly prized by reason of its delicate appearance, every part of it
except the root and anthers being snow-white, and having the appear-
ance of the most delicate white wax preparation, It dries entirely
black, the anthers alone retaining their original colour, The figure
represents the plant the size of nature, and is left untinted, a delicate
engraving being the only mode of representing a pure white plant.

PABHD WRKKV TPG Fo
SCIRPUS PLANIFOLIUS.

FLAT-LEAVED CLUB-RUSH.
Triandria Monogynia, Linn. Cyperoidex, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix scales chaffy, imbricated on all sides in a spike. Corolla none. Style filiform,
unbearded, deciduous. Seed one, naked, or surrounded with involucellate

sete or threads.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Culm triquetrous, a span high, nearly naked, cespitose, leaves nearly radical, alternate,
linear, flat, keeled, scabrous, the lower ones broad, short-nerved, pointed,
the rest three-nerved, equal in length to the stem. Spike terminal, ovate,
acute, 6-flowered, bracteated ; bractea yellowish, ovate, spit pointed, longer
than the spike. Cal. glume ovate, pointed, yellowish, keel green. Pist. bifid
and trifid. Seed brown, triquetrous, bristles 3, as long as the seed. Muhi.

Tunis small and very pretty species of rush was first described by
Muhlenburgh, who affixed the above specific name to it as charac-

44 Scirpus planifolius.

teristic of the flat leaves. The leaves are said by that botanist to be
nearly radical. All the specimens which I have found, with the excep-
tion of one or two, have had radical leaves, and in those which had
alternate leaves, the alternation could readily be traced under a sheath,
formed by the leaves closely investing each other by folds, down to the
root. The table represents the plant about as large as it is usually
met with— specimens occasionally occur, which are larger, Grows in
damp boggy places in Jersey, near Woodbury, flowering in May—
Rare.

TABI Wx Ute
HEPATICA TRILOBA, a. OBTUSA.

THREE-LOBED LIVERWORT. NOBLE LIVERWORT.
Polyandria polygynia, Linn. Ranunculacezx, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix 3-leaved, Petals six to nine. Seeds naked.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Leaves three-lobed, very entire, lobes round, obtuse, scape one-flowered. Willd.

SYNONYM.

Anemone hepatica, Willd. Sp. Pl. 2. p. 1273.

Roor perennial, consisting of numerous long fasciculated fibres of an
umber-brown colour. Leaves all radical, cordate, three-lobed, margin
turned towards the under disk, partly sempervirent, of a leathery tex-

VOL. III. 13

8 mer meee mee

La
a
tu oD

4 it

ANT

7

4

7

AA
aa

rn
a

>t
‘

RE

B

PSSST ERR ET ES ETON EIS

12

ALLA RN NS AC RP OMENS 6

a

RR eR te ee ne ee 8 eee ee ee ee ee re eee ees

Paprewd oy CB Eun

46 Hepatica triloba, «. obtusa.

ture, shining, and covered with a few scattered hairs above, nearly
naked on the under side. Lobes obtuse, and equal to each other in
size, mottled with purple and deep olive-green above, and purple and
light green beneath. Petioles very long, often eight inches, twisted or
involute towards their junction with the leaves, they are purplish, co-
vered with a few hairs, and invested at their base with several mem-
branaceous sheathes, which inclose also the scapes. Scapes several
from each root, at first very short, with the concealed flower droop-
ing, covered with a long silken pubescence of an ash colour, after-
wards elongating, and supporting each a single flower. Calix leaves
the shape of a mouse’s ear, and resembling it. Petals varying from six
to nine, of a fine campanula-purple colour, sometimes, but rarely,
white. Anthers straw-yellow. Grows in rich woods among decayed
leaves, under which it is frequently found in flower while the snow is
on the ground.

The table represents the plant of its natural size.

TAINS Wx Wo WUCio Ho

LYGODIUM PALMATUM.

PALMATE-LEAVED SNAKES’ TONGUE.
Cryptogamia filices, Linn.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Spikes unilateral. Capsules in two series, opening on the inner side from the base to

the summit. Jndusium, (or veil,) squamiform, covering each capsule.

SYNONYMS.

Hyproctossum palmatum, Willd. and others.

Crrisstum paniculatum, Michaux.

Srrm twining, fronds conjugate, leaflets lobed, entire, spikelets pa-
‘“niculate. The only continental species known—the other species be-
ing natives of the West Indies. Whole plant entirely smooth, deli-
cate, and twining. Stem sienna-brown, very smooth and shining.
Fronds in pairs, and lobed, lobes from four to eight in number, obtuse,
irregularly entire, somewhat glaucous on the under side, common

ee We REO Se RE en

: oS as wv
=> (y <)
OS TS Bes

oh),

Table BB.

}
'
|
|
|
|

Fe ER AORN Lee

5
;
| ees"
-
; A
o~
x
i

8 ET EOS

4
H

5

t

4 \

; \

4

! j
5

|

4

.

1

,

; weal

t > a

4 ~ ot

?

5 ee ae

; =

8 ee eee

ee ee ee eee
Enyraved by CB SU

ee een ee = Hees ee

seem daieetiaessnnse tes nema nee beat ee ene ee ae af

Drawn trom Nature by RPC B

|
|
|
|
|
:

DRABA YVYRRNA. | LYGODIUM PALMATUM.,

48 Lygodium palmatum.

stipe, or stipe of the pair of fronds pubescent, partial stipes slightly
so, and very slender. Panicle of spikelets terminal and twining. Grows
“on the swampy margins of small water courses, from New Jersey
to Carolina, rare.” —Nutt.

The figure represents the plant the size of nature.

WAIBION Ibe eO7 Wit UE Bo |
DRABA VERNA.

WHITLOW-GRASS. SHAD-BLOSSOM.

Letradynamia siliqulosa, Linn. Cruciferx, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Silicle entire, oval-oblong, valves flattish, parallel with the dissepiment. Style

scarcely any.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Scape naked, leaves oblong-acute, sub-serrate, hairy; petals bifid, stigma sessile. i
Willd.

SYNONYMS. i

Drasa hispidula, Michaux.

D. verna, &. Americana, Persoon.

Roors fibrous, annual or semi-annual. Leaves numerous, crowded.
all radical, about half an inch long, of an oblong shape, acute at the
apex, towards which they are somewhat serrated, every where hairy.

VOL. I. 14

50 Draba verna.

or rather densely pubescent. Scapes numerous, forming a curve or
semicircle from the roots upwards, pubescent about half their length.
Flowers alternate, pedunculate, numerous. Peduncles at first short,
becoming elongated as the fruit is matured, when they are about
three-fourths of an inch in length and very slender, Petals white, very
small, bifid. Fruit an oval pod, consisting of two membranaceous
valves. Style very small. Stigma sessile. Seeds numerous, small,
brownish.

The American species are six in number, of which the present
is the most common, often covering whole fields and acres of
unenclosed grounds in the vicinity of cities, giving them an entire
white appearance. Though this little plant is far from possessing any
beauty, it is nevertheless very interesting to those who take any in-
terest in plants, from the circumstance of its being the earliest har-
binger of the American Spring. It frequently is found in bloom when
not more than half an inch high, during the soft weather of February,
and constantly in March, about the 12th of common seasons. It drops
its seeds early in the season, which appear again to produce new plants
that flower in the autumn,

The figure represents the plant of its natural size, culled in April.
By comparison with the European Draba verna, it may be ascertain-
ed whether the plants are identical. This by Michaux and Dr. Barton
was supposed not to be the case.

TAIBIOID Wb eOko
MITELLA DIPHYLLA.

TWO-LEAVED MITELLA. BISHOP’S CAP. AMERICAN BASTARD
SANICLE.

Decandria Monogynia, Linn. Saxifrage, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix 5-cleft, persistent. Petals 5, pinnatifid, inserted upon the calix. Capsuie

1-celled, semibivalvular, valves equal.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Leaves sub-lobate, acute, angled, dentate; stem erect above, two-leaved, leaves op-

posite. Willd. and Pursh.

Roor a jointed caudex, reddish and white with old scales of a dark
brown hue, having numerous lateral fibres proceeding from it of an
umber-brown. Radical leaves deeply cordate, with the lobes overlap-
ping each other. Doubly toothed, small teeth with a very acute apex.
Veins conspicuous. Upper disk covered with a few scattered hairs, un-
der disk the same, but costa and veins hairy. Petioles about six inches’

VOL. Il. 15

52 Mitella diphylla.

long, inserted into a joint of the root, round, loosely invested, parti-
cularly near the leaf, with bristle-like hairs. Stems, several from the
same root, erect, cylindrical, hispid, two-leaved. The pair of leaves
much smaller than those of the root, being situated about two or
three inches from the summit of the spike of flowers. The latter
about eight in number, distinctly separated. Flowers cream-white, con-
sisting of five fringed spreading petals, giving to the front view a
stellated appearance. On the banks of water-courses near rivulets—
flowering in May. Perennial.

The genus to which the present plant belongs, was so named by
Tournefort, in allusion to the shape of the ripe seed vessel, which,
With its two-pointed lobes, resembles a little mitre, It is, With the ex-
ception of Mitella nuda of Northern Africa, an American genus, con-
sisting of five known species. The one here figured, rarely exceeds
fourteen or fifteen inches in height, and in the largest specimens the
flowers are not larger than is represented in the plate. It grows
throughout the union. Near this city it is pretty abundant on the
Wissahickon creek; I have only met with it there.

eer ene ey
;

oe

Draen from Nature ty PC. Berton

oo ee eRE me cee ret ee

OWEN T AwWT
JUD VU) tha AK R AY

VIRGINICA »

Fig. 3

}

Engt by OB. Eilts

WABIOIG Co
OBOLARIA VIRGINICA.

Tetradynamia Monogynia, Linn. Gentianex, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix O, or in the form of two bractes. Corolla campanulate, 4-cleft, segments entire,
(the margin sometimes crenately torn.) Stamina equal, proceeding from the
clefts of the corolla. Stzgma emarginate. Capsule ovate, 1-celled, 2-valved,

many-seeded, seeds minute.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Stem simple; leaves oblong-truncate, fleshy, purple underneath; flowers axillary,

solitary, sessile. Walld. and Pursh.

Roor white, fleshy, contorted, perennial? Stem obscurely quadran-
gular, whitish, tinged with dull purple. Leaves sessile, alternate,
wedge-shaped, very broad at base, the margins decurrent, giving an
angular appearance to the stem. Two branches generally proceed
from the root, each supporting two opposite leaves, from the bosom
of which proceed three flowers, with each a pair of spathulate bracts.

54 Obolaria Virginica,

The two lowest branches of the main stem, are about three-fourths or
half an inch long, proceeding from the axills of the lower leaves, and
each one supporting a pair of opposite leaves with three flowers, each
of which has a pair of bracts. The second pair of leaves above, are
nearly opposite, and support one flower with a pair of bracts, the
third, fourth, and fifth pair in similar manner, but crowded, giv-
ing the apex a confused appearance, All the leaves and bracts gla-
brous, involuted, of a dull bluish-green tinged with purple. Flowers
pale purple or lilac. Corolla urceolate below, where it is whitish, Seg-
ments deeply cleft, four in number, acute, with the edge wrinkled.
Filaments slender, anthers straw-yellow, germ oval, obscurely four-
angled, terminated by the persistent style and stigma. April and early
May.

The genus to which this plant belongs, is exclusively American, and
hitherto only one species has been detected, the plant represented in
the plate. It appears to have been but little known. It was not found
in the herbarium of Linnzeus, who however had seen and described
it, giving the genus the name obolaria, (from obolus, a small ancient
coin,) a name equivalent to money-wort, and in allusion to the orbicu-
lar shape of the calicine segments. Siegesbeck had chosen the same
name for the plant now celebrated by bearing that of Linnzeus. Neither
Michaux nor Jussicu mention it, nor has Lamark figured it in
his illustrations. In fact, it is one of the rarest of American plants.
In the neighbourhood of this city it grows but in two or three locali-

Obolaria Virginica. 55

ties, viz. on the Wissahickon creek and the Schuylkill, both sides, near
the falls; and in these I have never found but three or four specimens,
though I have carefully searched for them. The specimens from
which the drawing was made, were larger than any I had ever before
met with—owing probably to the favourable situation in which they
were growing, being on the low banks of the Wissahickon creek, ex-
posed to the south, and protected from the north by the high rocks
which bound that beautiful water-course.

In the Compendium Flore Philadelphice, I have described this
plant as not exceeding three inches in height, and at the time of my
publishing that book, I had never met with specimens of greater sta-
ture, owing probably to the deep shade of Abies Canadensis and Ju-
niperus communis, which rendered the woods impenetrable by the
rays of the sun. I am inclined to think that the size of the plant
represented in the plate is not equal to that which it would obtain
under culture in its natural soil, which is a rich mould, formed of
decayed vegetable matter. The whole plant is somewhat bitter, like
the roots of all the Gentianez.

WABI WOUs
CEPHALANTHUS OCCIDENTALIS.

BUTTON-WOOD. AMERICAN BUTTON-WOOD. GLOBE-FLOWERED
SHRUB. POND DOGWOOD.

Tetrandria Monogynia, Linn. Rubiacex, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Common calix O; proper superior, small and angular, 4-cleft. Corolla tubular, slender,
4-cleft. Stamina exserted. Stigma globose. Capsule mostly bipartile, (2 to 4,)
2-celled, 2-seeded ; cells semibivalvular, exterior valve angular, indurated,
interior flat and flexile. Seed solitary, sheathed at the apex with a tuberose
callus. Receptacle globose, hairy.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Leaves opposite and ternate.

A survus from five to ten feet in height, often flowering when only
two feethigh; very much branched. Bark of trunk rough, of the branches
smooth, of an umber-brown colour. Leaves oval, undulate, entire, acu-
minate and attenuated at base, smooth on either side. Petiole three-

Drown than Mature by WP C Barton

Bag? by CB Ellis

Cephalanthus occidentalis. 57

fourths of an inch long, smooth, carmine-red. Costa prominent, bright
carmine-red. Veins raised, of a straw-yellow colour. The leaves
are most frequently opposite, in pairs, but often by threes. Flowers
numerous, very fragrant, in a globular form at the ends of the branches,
about the size of a small walnut, cream-white, with the stigmas
projecting. Florets funnel-form, four-cleft, segments ovate, style
exserted, as long as the corolla. Stigma capitate, yellow. Grows
throughout the union on the margins of water-courses. Flowering in
July.

The genus Cephalanthus is peculiar to North America, and con-
tains only one well known species. A variety with pubescent leaves
is said by Dr. Baldwin to grow near Riceborough, in Georgia. The
inner bark of the plant figured here, is said to be possessed of tonic
properties. My inquiries on this subject have induced me to believe,
that it is worth the attention of country practitioners.

The table represents the plant as large as nature.

.
Oe nage te Relies
ers
‘
= -
« Ds >
i sally : x
SS .
wn, ~ 4 r -
. : .
” ~
' . ‘ -
i. — se ‘ ’ :

Vichle ne

! '
i
!
'

LOT SE RE UR ee

'
|
| i
}
j
| |
;
}
7
bl
|
|
}
|
t — ee ee ee a I ee RO ceca
Drawn tram Nature by HPC. Barton. Bnet be CB. Fitts.

SAROTHRA HYPERICOIDES.S MALAXIS OPHIOGCLOSSOIDES o

PAB WCRI. a.
SAROTHRA HYPERICOIDES.

GROUND PINE.
Pentandria Trigynia, Linn. Caryophillez.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix 5-parted, connivent. Petals 5, linear-oblong. Capsule oblong, acute, coloured,

1-celled, 3-valved, margin of the valves seminiferous.

SYNONYMS.

SaroTuRA hypericoides, Nutt.Gen Am. pl. vol.i. p 204.
S. gentianoides, Willd.

Hypericum sarothra, Mich.

H. nudicaule, Walt.

Aw annual plant, varying in height from three to eight inches, very
much branched, so as to form a dense cluster resembling a bunch of
pine leaves, hence the common name, stem and branches four-sided.
Leaves very minute, scale-like, erect, embracing the stem, opposite,
obtuse. Root fibrous, stem simple, for about one or two inches from

VOL. III. 17

60 Sarothra hypericoides.

the ground, and invested with minute scale-like leaves, like the
branches. Flowers alternate, numerous, séssile, the inflorescence be-
ginning below and proceeding upwards. Flowers small, yellow, the
petals seldom expanded after mid-day sun. Time of flowering July
and August. Common every where throughout the Union.

The figure is the size of nature,

TABI MOWfo—-WUG Bo
MALAXIS OPHIOGLOSSIOIDES.

ADDER-TONGUE MALAXIS. ONE-LEAVED MALAKXIS.
Gynandria Monogynia, Linn. Orchidex, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Petals 5, narrower than the lip, spreading or deflected. Lip flattened, undivided,
sessile, (mostly situate behind.) Column porrected. Pollinia 4, parallel, affix-
ed to the summit of the stigma. Nutt.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

M. one leaf, ovate, amplexicaule; scape five-angular, lip bifid at the apex. Willd.

SYNONYM.

Mataxis unifolia, Mich.

Roor a double bulb, invested with a rugged sheath, and furnished
with a few radicles from the lower part. Stem four or five-angled,
erect, garnished with a foliaceous sheath near the root, and a single,

62 Malaxis ophioglossioides.

ovate, amplexicaule leaf, from the bosom of which the stem seems
to emerge. Leaf glabrous and shining on both sides, finely reticulat-
ed—the reticulation very apparent when the leaf is old or dried.
Spike long, crowded, a few flowers only expanding at a time. Flowers
small, pedunculate, siskin-green; germ large after florescence. Grows
in rich shady woods, near the roots of trees, in the same kind of soil
in which the Orchidean plants generally delight. Not common.
Flowering in July and August.

The figure represents the plant as large as life—specimens occa-
sionally are found larger, with more flowers of the spike expanded.
but many are much smaller, with only one or two flowers open.

OR nee ene eee tees

eo seme ements mee =

2+ reese ene,

Drawn Com Nature ty WP © Barton

*

CN *

La

/ re 4

TRICHOSTE MA DICHOTOMA .

ae Sk SS SS OS ee

- mgeen ~ eee I ey TN me ete oe

>

|
|

'

t

i

'

'

;

.

ae

}

'

‘

i

|

'

i

i

7

j

_~ ~~
av © B, Rihe

| TABI OM
TRICHOSTEMA DICHOTOMA.

. BASTARD PENNYROYAL.
Diaynamia Gymnospermia, Linn. Labiatx, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix resupinate. Upper lip of the corolla falcate. Stamzna very long and incurved.
Nutt.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

T. leaves rhomboid-lanceolate, the flower-bearing branchlets bi-furcate, stamens very
long. Willd. & Pursh.

Puiant from eight to ten inches high, all over densely pubescent.
Root annual, fibrous. Stem erect, cylindrical, branched above. Leaves
numerous, opposite, oval-lanceolate, obtuse, attenuated at base, paler
underneath than above, costa and veins conspicuous beneath. One or
two pairs of small leaves arise from the axils of the larger ones, and
those situated on the ends of the branches and near the flowers, like-
wise quite small. Flowers terminal, campanula-purple. Stamens also

VoL. Ill. 18

64 Trichostema dichotoma.

purple, long, incurved in a circle from the upper down to the lower
lip. Grows in sandy fields and road sides, throughout the Union,
flowering in August.

The table represents the plant as large as nature.

ed ed ee See “ id Se ne om nn i 7 dil man unnernes oni
~
f
{
\
i]
‘
BY
it

ne

eee

eee
fnat by OR Hitis

. 4 or
Tram fom Mature bv WP C. Barton

Wruyy Wye LT A OTITy
ATL da USS yawrys' fit i x ?

PAB LCM
MIMULUS ALATUS.

WING-STEMMED MONKEY FLOWER.
Didynamia Gymnospermia, Linn. Scrophulariz, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix prismatic, 5-toothed. Corolla ringent; upper lip reflected at the side; palate
of the lower lip prominent. Stigma thick and bifid. Capsule 2-celled, many-
seeded. Seeds minute. Nutt.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

M. erect, glabrous; leaves petiolate, ovate-acuminate, serrate, peduncles axillary,
opposite, shorter than the flower ; teeth of the calix round, mucronate, stem

four-angled, winged. Willd.

Root perennial; every part of the plant glabrous; stem erect,
branched, from one to three feet high, smooth, four-sided, winged
by a membranaceous margin. Leaves opposite, larger on the main
stem, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, petiolate; petioles slightly
winged, costa and veins beneath very conspicuous, both sides smooth.
Calix about three-fourths of an inch long, teeth rounded, acuminate,

66 Mimulus alatus.

arib running down from the point to the base. Peduncles scarce ex-
ceeding an eighth of an inch or a quarter of an inch long, situated in
the axils of the leaves. Flowers numerous and showy. Corolla cam-
panula-purple. Grows along the banks of meadows, drains, and rivu-
lets, delighting in shady and boggy soil—flowering in August.

This and M. ringens resemble each other so nearly, as to be easily
confounded together. A decided specific difference however, exists
in the petiolated leaves and nearly sessile flowers in the present spe-
cies, contrasted with the sessile leaves and long pedunculate flowers
of the M. ringens; besides this, the stem is not winged in the latter,

The table represents a portion of the plant as large as nature.

m ou es sees eer ous rte teenie ee a SSS SSS + SS rE EST re ES ee te oe oe i eee
ee i EE
/

by OT. Pile,

kno?

sede IS.

is
OR ee TEU ol oe ot

Ay ’

‘> Gp Wo mH’
PUI aN

TABOOS MOWYo—-WUGo lo

MITCHELLA REPENS.

CREEPING MITCHELLA. PARTRIDGE-BERRY. CHEQUER-BERRY.

Tetrandria Monogynia, Linn. Rubiacex, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Flowers by pairs upon the same germ, superior. Calix 4-toothed. Corolla funnel-
form, tube cylindric. Limb 4-parted, spreading, villous on the inner side,
Stamina 4, scarcely exserted. Stigma 4-cleft. Berry by the union of two germs,

didymous, 4-seeded.

Aw humble but beautiful evergreen plant. Roots perennial. Stems
fruticose, creeping, tortuous. Leaves very numerous, orbicular, vary-
ing in size from a quarter to half an inch in diameter—situated by
pairs on petioles as long as their diameter. Petioles opposite. Flowers
in pairs, terminal, white, pubescent within. Berry, or enlarged calix,
of a bright scarlet. Grows in great abundance where found, cover-
ing several feet of ground like a mat, with its evergreen verdure.
On rocks and in shady woods of rich soil—delighting in shade, and
seldom found where the sun penetrates. Flowers in May and June.

VOL. II. 19

pk

NE Gg. Pree
“The figure represents the plant the size of nature—a, in flower, b.

i Ub wr) “yaeae. eae TPs A SOS 4QTI i our aa a8 oF

> ——— ~ se Raptr arty Se vith 2+ 7 7 i

— S pmomee ae alt liom — ems ee ee ee

os ee CR een poe

» 2 — -
sont, a ear * al ee re

TABOR KOVYo-PUG. Bo

POLYGONUM LINIFOLIUM.

FLAX-LEAVED POLYGONUM.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Cahx 5-parted, petaloid, persistent. Seed 1, superior, 3-sided, covered by the con-
nivent calix, (The number of the styles and stamina uncertain.)

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Very much branched; stems and branches angular-flexuose ; leaves linear, channelled,
short above, somewhat subulate, all very upright, rigid, sub-mucronate, ses-

sile ; flowers axillary, remote, alternate, solitary.—Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph. p. 48.

SYNONYMS.

P. tenue, Michaux?
P. barbatum, Walt. ?

A sMALL and inconspicuous annual plant, scarcely exceeding a span
in height. Very much branched. Leaves linear, erect, somewhat chan-
nelled, acuminate, rigid. Flowers small, not conspicuous, and rarely

8,

Bd

orders of sandy w

~*
ae
P
ci
«
.
ws
Cw

wr
a
a
Wana
aad
7
omen

<
| dea
a
ome
ar

- ee ole

. e .
nt et nt ae *

as

Se

~ ope

e

ee, Ce eer

i

‘th

is ,
a —
.
gris
. .
Ax €:
m3 Wy ~

cad
At

ae -

-
ring in
; scree

oS

ed

Table 96.

el iineealehdandi te n= ia Rg icp na ae i le lilies ee ee =
Prawn trem Nature by WP Barten J Dravim Le,

if

7 wari ‘ aia A ») SRT OH ot i on rm
Me si tL ara Vs OS ay Ly AN. M1 8) Ww its "7 ,

WABI KOVIWo
{POMGA QUAMOCLIT.
QUAMOCLIT.

Pentandria Monogynia, Linn. Convolvulz, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-form or campanulate, 5-plaited. Stigma capitate, globose.
Capsule 2 or 3-celled, many-seeded.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Leaves pennate, pinnatifid, segments linear, flowers bright crimson, capsule ovate,

2-seeded? seeds sub-cylindric-oblong.

Tuts beautiful and favourite vine is indigenous to the hotter parts
of North America. It attains the height even in cultivation in pots
and common gardens, of ten or fifteen feet, and with care is readily
made to attain a stature many feet higher. Its foliage is late appearing,
and rather slow in its first growth—after midsummer, however, the
vine quickly creeps up the threads and other supports prepared for it.*

VOL. III. 20

©

Ipomoea quamoclit.

ie by the end of summer an 7 of. autumn, presents a very
superb assemblage of Grimson 0 4 forming an unusually elegant —
contrast with the delicate penniform foliage. The roots are annual,
and it is therefore ‘necessary to sow the seeds: every spring for new

plants.

: 3 ' ; :7 , .
. PS btn 4
= dal - 5S 5

The table represents a twining specimen as large as nature.

- aa —s e-. A a “af - ‘
, rs) Seca. xr tid nee ee NE. oPibven ters©
?

Vible 7] °

L

ac a re e+

Drawn trem

Nanor tv WP Barter.

TABLE KOVIUT

GERARDIA PURPUREA.

PURPLE GERARDIA.
Didynamia Gymnospermia, Linn. Scrophularia, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix half 5-cleft, or 5-toothed. Corolla, sub-campanulate, unequally 5-lobed, seg-
ments mostly rounded. Capsule 2-célled, opening at the summit.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Stem very much branched, leaves opposite, linear; flowers axillary, opposite, scs-
sile. Willd. and Pursh.

A BrEenntAL plant from fifteen to eighteen inches high, often two
feet, in rich wet soils. Leaves thick, linear, about an inch or an inch
and a quarter long. Flowers large, very handsome purple. Grows
along the shores of our rivers and creeks and other water-courses in
great abundance, being one of the gayest of their ornaments in the
autumn. This plant and the 8. tenuifolia nearly resemble each other

74. Gerardia purpurea.

in habit—they however are characterised by striking differences. The
tenuifolia is a more slender and delicate plant, with much smaller and
less high-coloured flowers, situated on long filiform peduncles. The
flowers of the present species are nearly sessile, and very large and
showy—this plant delights in wet soil, and the tenuifolia in arid woods.

The table represents G. purpurea of the size of nature.

aT
Zable 98.

WABION OWN —-WUG. Do
RUDBECKIA FULGIDA, var. 2.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix sub-equal, mostly consisting of a double series of leaflets. Receptacle paleace-

ous, conic. Pappus a 4-toothed margin.

Puant scabrous, about two or two and a half feet high. Stem erect,
striated, leaves amplexicaule, covered with hairs and pits above and
below, obscurely and distinctly serrated, and closely ciliated. Costa
whitish, veins pellucid. Petals of a fine bright yellow colour towards
the apex—towards the centre or base, of a deep orange hue. In the
general aspect of this plant brought by Mr. Nuttall from Arkansa, there
is a striking discrepancy from the common Rudbeckia fulgida, of which
a figure is given in the first volume of this work. The most conspi-
cuous difference is in the discoloured petals of the present plant.
The other is constantly found with petals of an uniform hue. A close
examination, however, does not afford just data for specific separa-
tion—and hence I have merely figured it as a variety. Specimens
have flowered in the garden of Mr. Harvey Elliot near this city, from
seeds produced by the plants raised from those brought by Mr. Nuttall,
and these specimens present the same character as the figure, which

VOL. It. 24

- Rudco Jiulgida, v var. 8.

7 was taken two years ago fet cede given me by. Mr. - Nuttall,
The variety, therefore, if Len 0 more, is

2
e.
ow os t ‘ae :

ey

8 i ig “secant

—

: Se Oe ner

TABLE RCV UILo- WUE Bo
PLANTAGO HYBRIDA.

SPURIOUS MARITIME PLANTAIN.
Tetrandria Monogynia, Linn. Plantaginez, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix 4-cleft. Corolla 4-cleft, border reflected. Stamina mostly exserted, very long.

Capsule 2-celled, opening transversely.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Leaves subulate-linear, entire, rigidly acute, shorter than the scape, not woolly at the
base ; scape terete, slender, slightly pubescent; spike long and slender, cy-

lindrical, rather loose ; spikelets below remote; bracteas acute. B. Com. FI.
Ph. addenda, p. 214, vol. 2.

SYNONYM.
PLANTAGO maritima, Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph. |

“Root annual. Plant from two to three inches high. Leaves very

numerous, about one inch long in mature specimens, often not ex-

78 Planiago hybrida.,

ceeding half an inch, destitute of every thing like woolliness at the
base. Scape slender, longer than the leaves, round and slightly pu-
bescent under a lens. Spike cylindrical, not exceeding one-eighth of
an inch in diameter, from half an inch to two inches long, and of a
green and sienna-colour, not deep brown or blackish as in the Euro-
pean and American specimens of P. maritima. Scapes nearly as nume-
rous as the leaves. This species, which is decidedly distinct from P.
maritima, I found four years, (now nine years) ago, in the exsicated
canal on the road to Lemon hill, close to the high gravel banks. I
there found it two years in succession, and on transplanting it into my
garden it produced seeds which came up the succeeding spring. The
mature specimens preserved the characters of the plant as given
above.” Comp. Fl. Ph. as above quoted.

It is now five years since I published the above account, and dur-
ing this time I have three or four seasons, met with specimens of the
above species, in different parts of our neighbourhood. They differed
in no respect from the above described plants. I have made a care-
ful comparison of the hybrida, (as I have designated the present
species,) with the European and American species, and from both
the hybrida is strikingly and specifically distinct. Flowers in April
and May, preferring cold and tenacious soil in the vicinity of pools.

The figure represents the plant about the common size.

Table YO.

_—_——_—-— ag tte sea SRE

+Dravion Se.

WABI WC,
GONOLOBUS OBLIQUUS.
HAIRY GONOLOBUS.

Pentandria Dyginia, Linn. Apocynez, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Corolla rotate, 5-parted. Nectary simple, cylindric, sub-carnose, 5-lobed, depressed,
exactly equal with the antheroid cells, discoid, pentangular, without alated
lateral margins, or terminal membranaceous cusps. Masses of pollen 5-pair,

even, transverse. Jollicles 2. Seed carnose.—WNutt.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

.
Stem twining, hirsute; leaves ovate-cordate, acute; corymbs axillary; segments of
the corolla ovate-acuminate.

SYNONYMS.

Gono osvs obliquus, Muhl.
Cynancuium obliquum, Sp. pl. 1. p. 1256.

VOL. III. y

80 Gonolobus obliquus.

A TWINING perennial plant, growing to the height of five or eight
feet, supporting itself on the surrounding shrubbery, or trailing on the
ground. The stem is perfectly cylindrical, and beset with long, trans-
verse, soft hairs, petioles and peduncles also very hairy. Leaves vary-
ing in size. Those situated towards the root very large, and nearly
round and cordate at base, often from five to six or seven inches in
diameter. Those of the middle and upper part, cordate and semi-
acuminate. The costa, nerves, and veins of the under side of all the
leaves, invested with the same soft, but shorter, sienna-coloured pu-
bescence as the stem,-which.gives'to-the-under disks a sericeous feel.
Flowers somewhat umbellate, situated on divaricating peduncles of
various lengths from one-fourth to three-fourths of an inch in length.
Segments of the calix acuminate, pubescent. Petals linear and lanceo-
late-linear, occasionally very narrow and long, often the breadth and
length represented in the plate. Colour, auricula-purple. Pod, muri-
cate, with soft spines of a dull brown colour. Grows throughout the
union, near damp thickets, flowering in July.

»
‘The table represents the plant as large as nature.

Sable £00

oon ee aenenenneenana meant

'
5

Drewn from Natare by i PC Barton. : Frugreved bv C Trebvtte

—— + oer =

ee

POILYGONCUM ARLFOLIUM.

TABLE Co
POLYGONUM ARIFOLIUM.

HALBERT-LEAVED TEAR-THUMB.
Octandria Trigynia, Linn. Polygonex, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix 5-parted, petaloid, persistent. Seed 1, superior, 3-sided, covered by-the-eonni-
vent calix. (The number of the styles and stamina uncertain.)

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Flowers distinct, hexandrous, with the style 2-cleft; spikes few-flowered; stem re-

trorsely aculeate ; leaves hastate. Mich.

A DEBILE annual plant, attaining in favourable situations a height
of three or four feet, rarely five. Stem carmine-red, four-sided, beset
on the angels with rigid prickles, presenting from above downward
or backward, so as to tear the fingers when any attempt is made to
take hold of it, hence the common name. Leaves varying in size, be-
ing from four to five inches long on the lower part, and decreasing

82 Polygonum arifolium.

till they are only an inch or half an inch in length. They are trian-
gular, hastate, acuminate, with all the angles very long and sharp, and
the texture of the leaf itself roughish, being invested with hispid pubes-
cence, particularly abundant on the costa and nerves of the under disk.
Branches bright red, very slender and often filiform. Ochez stipulace-
ous, and of a red colour. - Flowers globose, except when expanded,
which is only for a short time in early morning and after heavy rains.
Petals white, tinged with rose-red.

Grows throughout the union, in meadows and watery thickets, and
on the borders of drains in low grounds of damp soil. delighting in
moisture—in very favourable situations is not destitute of beauty.
Flowers in August and September.

The plate represents the plant as large as nature.

Droen fivin Nii by WLC Harton

bingrvedl by CL eh oie.

POLYGONUM SAGGITTATUM.,

WABI Clo
POLYGONUM SAGITTATUM.

ARROW-LEAVED TEAR-THUMB.

Octandria Trigynia, Linn. Polygonex, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix 5-parted, petaloid, persistent. Seed 1, superior, 3-sided, covered by the conni-

vent calix. (The number of the styles and stamina uncertain.)

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Flowers in heads, octandrous, with the style 3-cleft; stem retrorsely aculeate; leaves

sagittate. Jich.

A weak decumbent annual plant, supporting itself by clinging to
other plants. Stem green, four-sided, beset backward with prickles,
not so rigid as those of the preceding species, but injuring the fingers
in the same manner if handled. Leaves shaped like the head of an
arrow, with the margins curved in an arch from the apex to the base
of the auricles. Flowers white, in clusters, Petals white, tinged with

VOL. III. py AS

84 Polygonum sagittatum.

rose-red, and rarely continuing an hour or two expanded. Grows
with the preceding species, and flowers at the same time.

A polymorphous genus, containing twenty-three North American
species, nearly all of which are herbaceous. It is divided into two
sections. First, hairy ochreze, many-flowered, (3-5,) which comprises
twenty species—the second, called Polygonella—having these charac-
ters. Calix five-leaved, ochrez one-flowered; racemes dichotomously
paniculate; leaves spathulate, small, (flowers often dioicous,) stamens

eight, stigmas three, sub-capitate.

The table represents the plant the size of nature.

% y: i
ae :

hE iw WS ei
A SIS
; — =

Ni

ee CX SY S

Avil

WABIONS Cut.

EUPATORIUM MACULATUM.

SPOTTED-STEMMED HEMPWEED. BITTER EUPATORIUM.

Syngenesia Aqualis, Linn. Corymbifere, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix simple or imbricate, oblong. Style long and semi-bifid. Receptacle naked. Pap-
pus pilose, or more commonly scabrous, Seed smooth and glandular, quinque-
striate. Nutt.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Leaves petiolate, in four’s or five’s, ovate-lanceolate, unequally serrate, pubescent
beneath; stem solid, furrowed. Willd.

Puant from two feet to two and an half, and sometimes three feet
high. Root perennial. Stem erect, terete, of a lake-red colour, spotted
with long specks of the same hue, but darker, and occasionally of
a greenish cast. Leaves in three’s, four’s, and five’s in a whorl.

86 Eupatorium maculatum.

Whorls about four or five inches apart. The leaves decrease in size
as they approach the top of the stem, where the corymb commences.
They are oval or broad-lanceolate, serrate, acuminate, somewhat
bullated or blistered. Veins very numerous and net-like, of a purplish-
red colour, and quite prominent on the under disk, and considerably,
though less so on the upper. Serratures occasionally very deep and
large, particularly on the longer leaves. Corymb fastigiate and dense,
general and partial peduncles, flowers, stamens, and calices, being all
of the same red hue. Grows along the borders of meadow-drains
and rivulets in great abundance, flowering in August and September.

The whole plant is intensely bitter, so that the fingers in collecting
it become intolerably so to the taste. By this property, and its deeper
red colour and lower stature, it may readily be distinguished from all
the other red flowering species of Eupatorium, A cold infusion of
_the whole plant, including stems, affords one of the most grateful
aromatic, and intense bitters I have ever met with—two drachms be-
ing sufficient to impregnate a pint of cold water with a sufficient bit-
terness to be tolerated by the stomach. Hot water takes the bitter-
ness more quickly, but not more certainly. As a subsidiary remedy
in the treatment of all cases of disease which require tonics, and par-
ticularly the bark and other bitter roborants, it has been, in my own
extensive practice with it, highly useful. I discovered the medicinal
virtues of this plant several years ago, and recommended it to my bro-

Eupatorium maculatum. 87

ther practitioners in this city, several of whom are greatly attached to
the use of it.* I also employed it daily, during an attendance of six
months in the Philadelphia Alms-House Infirmary, where I introduced
it. After that time it was continued in constant use by the resident
pupils, who had seen so much good effects from it.

The table represents the plant the size of nature, though I have been
obliged to select a small specimen to come within my limits. The

corymb is frequently eight or ten inches in diameter, and the leaves
six or seven inches long.

* Those who have used it most extensively, and aided me in making it known,
are Dr. Hewson, Dr. Colhoun, Dr. Eberle, and Dr. M‘Clellan.

VOL. II. ; 24

WAIBIOIS CUNt,
PENSTEMON PUBESCENS.

Didynamia Gymnospermia, Linn. Scrophulariz, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.
Galix 5-leaved. Corolla bilabiate, ventricose. The /ifth sterile filament longer than

the rest, and bearded on the upper side. Anthers smooth. Capsule ovate,
2-celled, 2-valved. Seeds numerous, angular.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Stem pubescent, leaves serrulate, lanceolate-oblong, sessile; flower paniculate, ste-

rile filament bearded from the apex as far as below the middle. Willd. &
Pursh.

SYNONYM.

CHELONE penstemon, Mart. 415.

Pxant from ten to fifteen inches high. Stem purple, erect, tortu-
ous, pubescent, and cylindrical. Leaves erect, opposite, sessile, broad
at base, lanceolate, acute, or with an obtuse point, very finely marked

labile 203

——- SS

4

Penstemon pubescens. 89

by repand denticulations or rather serratures near one-eighth of an
inch apart. Upper portion of the stem branching into a kind of pan-
nicle, supporting from fifteen to thirty showy pale-blue flowers. Co-
rolla labiate or rather personate, orifice of lower lip pubescent. Seed-
vessel glabrous, conical, crowned by the persistent style, and contain-
ing numerous minute seeds. Grows on the borders of open woods
and fields throughout the Union, common. Perennial, flowering in
July.

A North American genus, to which the labours of Pursh and Nut-
tall have added many new and beautiful species. The chief part of
these are natives of the plains of Missouri and about Teton river—
on the Arikarees and near Shian river—also near the Prairie du Chien,
Mississippi. ‘The only species which grows hereabout, is the one now
figured. They are all herbaceous and perennial plants, and rarely
shrubby or suffructicose.

The table represents the flowering half of the plant, as large as na-

ture.

e

pc OS a ETO OLE IAAL LL RE LOIRE AE AR SS SSS Ey
ce ee a EEE GL LTE
en eee

* = Smee 2 SER re me
ARN Te cee Oe 7

re

.
Soe ee aCe | Ce pn ET, SN a EE

fable 104,
i

it

i

| J
i\

|
|

i

\

iH

|

i

{

|

t

|

| fem Neiure by MPC, Barton.

we

TABS CLY>
ASTER LINARIIFOLIUS.
SAVOURY-LEAVED STAR-WORT.

Polygamia Superflua, Linn. CGorymbiferez, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix imbricated, the lower scales partly foliaceous, and often spreading. Radical
florets generally more than 10, rarely fewer, violaceous or white. Recep-
tacle naked. Pappus simple, pilose.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Leaves linear, mucronate, without nerves and without dots, carinated, rough and
stiff; branches recurved; stem sub-decumbent; branches fastigiate, 1-flower-
ed ; calices imbricate, the length of the disk. Willd., Ait. and Pursh.

Roor perennial. Plant about one foot or fourteen inches high.
Stem suffruticose, erect, of a pale purplish colour, Leaves all of a
greyish-green, erect, very stiff; the under disk generally most conspi-
cuous by reason of their erectness. Apex terminating in a sharp stiff

VOL. Il. 25

92 Aster linariifolius.

point. Branches beginning near the top, very numerous. Leaves very
small, sharp-pointed, close together, and also very erect, often con-
cealing the branches entirely. Ray flowers of a pale campanula-pur-
ple. Disk florets yellow. Pappus abundant. Grows on dry sandy soils,
on the edges of woods, throughout the Union, flowering in October.

This very beautiful species of the numerous genus Aster I have
here figured that a doubt may be removed whether it be the A. lina-

ruifolius of Michaux.

The table represents the upper portion of the size of nature.

‘

+e Oe ES

Rarer

Mares MPC.

table
%
Drown toon

|
|

SS ES BREE SINR RENE SS See sha Gee see ae ee SS ee
— —_— ee

’¥
Lid

TABI CY

HELIANTHUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS.

NARROW-LEAVED SUN-FLOWER.
Polygamia Frustanea, Linn. Corymbiferx, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix imbricated, subsquarrose, foliaceous. Receptacle paleaceous, flat. Pappus pa-

leaceous, 2-leaved, caducous.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Stems weak, slender, sub-one-flowered; leaves linear, margin revolute, rough.
Willd. Sp. pl. p. 2244.

Root perennial. Stem from two to three feet high, irregular and
undulating, cylindrical and very smooth and shining. Leaves by pairs,
opposite below, alternate above, very scabrous on the upper disk and
margins, each pair very remote from the next, often on the lower part
of the stem, six or seven inches asunder, They are linear and very

94 Helianthus angustifolius.

long below, and shorter above, varying from seven inches to ten in
length, and about a quarter of an inch to three-eighths wide, without
nerves, the costa only being conspicuous on the under disk. They are
smooth and even glabrous underneath, acute, closely sessile. Top of
the stem usually divided into one or more forks, supporting at a con-
siderable distance from a leaf or two, occasionally found on the bifur-
cating branches, each a single, terminal, pale, straw-yellow flower,
consisting for the most part of eight linear, acute, rarely ovate petals.
Calix leaves very numerous. Disk deep brown purple, rays yellow.

Grows in dry woods from Maryland southward, flowering in Sep-
tember.

The table represents Fig. 1, the upper portion of the plan the size
of nature—Fig. 2, a leaf from the lower part of the stem.

eee

Table 106.

I

Ende by G.B, Ellis.

Zire trom Mature by BOP C. Barton,

VIPAIR TE

BOW.

= gn en eee ee

; WABI GV iro
HYPERICUM BONAPARTE.
PRINCESS CHARLOTTE’S HYPERICUM.

+ Polyandria Di-pentagynia, Linn. Hyperica, Juss.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calix 5-parted, segments equal. Petals 5. Stamina numerous, scarcely united at the

base. Capsule roundish ; cells equal with the number of the styles; 1, 2,3, and 5.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Stem erect, ancipital immediately below each pair of leaves, roundish towards the
root. Leaves opposite, closely sessile, lanceolate-obtuse, finely punctuated
with pellucid dots; leaves of the branches numerous, crowded, sub-linear,
obtuse. Cymes crowded with small acute leaves; flowers terminal and axil-
lary, monogynous, petals obtuse, entire. Capsules sub-conoid—JB&. Comp.

Fl. Ph.

SYNONYM.

Hypericum, No. 6. Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph. p- 74.
VOL. IIT. ; 26

Se

96 Hypericum Bonapartee.

I nave dedicated this species of St. John’s Wort, to Princess Char-
lotte, now Countess de Surveilliers, in testimony of my personal res-
pect for her, and my veneration for her name.

“A very elegant plant, from one to two and a half feet high. The
branches are divaricating, slender, appressed, and frequently inflex-
ed or curved downward, and crowded with numerous leaves, much
narrower than the stem leaves, less obtuse, and even inclining to —
acute. From the axills of the stem leaves proceeds a cluster of five
or six sub-linear, obtuse leaves, which appear to arise from abortive
branches. The flowers are yellow, about the size of those of H.
corymbosum. I discovered this new species about four, (now nine)
years since, in a rich, wet or swampy meadow, on the lower edge of
Lansdowne’s grounds, close to the Schuylkill, not far above Beck’s
island. It there grows in profusion, but I have not found it elsewhere.
It stands in my Prodromus, No. 6, without a name, not being certain
at the time I published that work, that it was undescribed.” Barton’s
Comp. Fl. Ph. Vol. Il. p. 45.

The figure represents the plant the size of nature.

‘Chelone glabra -

. INDEX

“BOTANICAL NAMES AND SYNONYMS.

-

“OF

The synonyms are in italics.

A.
Aster linariifolius -
Anemone hepatica -

B.
Bartonia ornata_ -

Bartonia decapetala

*

C.

Cephalanthus Occidentalis

oe

Coreopsis verticillata
Cypripedium pubescens
Cypripedium humile
Chelone glabra, «. -
Chelone penstemon -
Clethra montana” =

Cteissium paniculatum

VOL. III.

27

91
AS

29
30

Cypripedium acaule.

Cypripedium flavescens

Cypripedium calceolus

Cyprepedium calceolus, 8.

Cynanchum obliquum

Dentaria laciniata

Draba verna -

D.

Dentaria concatenata

Draba hispidula

Draba verna, 8. Americana

E.

Eupatorium maculatum -

Gentiana crinita

Gentiana saponaria

G.

35

27
24.

98 Index of botanical names and synonyms.

Gerardia purpurea -
Gerardia tenuifolia -

Gonolobus obliquus -
Gentiana fimbriata -
Gentiana Catesbxi - -
Gerardia erecta ~ -

Gonolobus obliquus - -

H.

Hamamelis Virginica” -
Hepatica triloba, a. obtusa
Helianthus angustifolius
Hypericum Bonapartee -
fTypericum Nudicaule -
Hypericum sarothra -
Hypericum - ~ -
Hydroglossum palmatum ~-

I,
Ipomea quamoclit - -

Iris prismatica - -

L.

Lygodium palmatum — -

M.
Malaxis longifolia -
Malaxis ophioglossioides
Mimulus alatus - -
Mitella diphylla_ - -

Mitchella repens - -
Monotropa uniflora -
Malaxis unifolia . - -

O.
Obolaria Virginica -

P.

Penstemon pubescens -
Plantago hybrida - — -
Pogonia ophioglossoides
Polygonum linifolium — -.
Polygonum arifolium — -
Polygonum sagittatum -
Potamogeton diversifolium
Plantago maritima - ~
Polygonum tenue - -
Polygonum barbatum -

R.
Rudbeckia fulgida, var.

a

S.
Sarothra hypericoides

Scirpus planifolius -
Sarothra Gentianoides -

Sarothra hypericoides

ow.
Trichostema dichotoma -

67
41

75

ENGLISH

A.
Adder’s-tongue Pogonia -
Adder-tongue Malaxis - -
American Button-wood - -
American Bastard Sanicle -
Arrow-leaved Tear-thumb — -

B.
Bartonia - - 2 é
Bastard Pennyroyal - -

Bishop’s Cap " i .

Bitter Eupatorium- - ~ -
Button-wood - - ~ E
Cc:

Creeping Mitchella - -
Chequer-berry - . -

F.
Flat-leaved Club-rush- - -

INDEX

OF

AND VULGAR NAMES.

Flax-leaved Polygonum

- 19/Fringed-petalled Gentian

oe ey
- 56
- $1
- 83

- 29
- 638
- $1
- 85
- 56

G..
Globe-flowered Shrub -

Ground Pine - FS *.

H.
Hairy Gonolobus -. -
Halbert-leaved Tear-thumb

J.
Jagged-leaved Tooth-wort

L.
Large yellow Lady’s-slipper
Long-leaved Malaxis -

M.

é ‘
Moccassin Flower -

N.

Narrow-leaved Sun-flower

69
27

12

35

100 Index of English and vulgar names.

Noah’s Ark «+ 6 : %
Noble Liverwort - - <

oO.
One-flowered Wax-plant -
One-leaved Malaxis . -

Py
Palmate-leaved Snake’s Tongue
Partridge Berry - - -
Pointed-leaved Clethra - :
Pond Dogwood - - -
Prism-capsuled Iris - -
Princess Charlotte’s Hypericum
Purple Gerardia_ + - -
Purple Lady’s Slipper - -

Q.

Quamoclit Cen See -

35 S.

45 Savoury-leaved Star-wort ~
Shad-blossom - m “
Slender-leaved Gerardia —_-
‘Smallest Pond Weed — - -

: Smooth Snake-head - -
1: ;
Soapwort Gentian - - -

"| Spotted-stemmed Hempweed -
Spurious Maritime Plantain -

47 di ins

a | Three-lobed Liverwort - ~

1 Two-leaved Mitella ~ -
56

39 » i
os Varigus-leaved Pond Weed -
73

fod

vO

ge W.
Whitlow-grass - - -
Whorled-leaved Coreopsis -
Witch Hazel - - “
71| Wing-stemmed Monkey-flower

=p