Sljp ®. 1. liU IGthrara

5Jnrtb (Haroltna ^latp (ToUpQe

V.5

S00467973 -

4475S1

This book mtist not be taken
from the Library building

EXCEPT WITH THE SPECIAL PERMISSION
OF THE LIBRARIAN

lOM

FLORA AUSTRALIENSIS.

FLORA AUSTRALIENSIS :

A DESCRIPTION

PLANTS OF THE AUSTEALIAN TEERITOEY.

BY

GEORGE BENTHAM, F.R.S., P.L.S.,

ASSISTED BT

FERDINAND MUELLER, M.D., C.M.G., F.R.S. & L.S.,

GOVEENMBNT BOIANIST, MKLBOUBNB, VICTOEIA.

VOL. V,

MYOPORINEM TO PROTEACEJE.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SEVERAL GOVERNMENTS
OF THE AUSTRALIAN COLONIES.

LONDON :
L. REEVE & CO., 5, HENKIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.

1870.

pisc- - \ -^ 5 4 4

tOlTDON :

SAVIIL, BnwAHDS ANB 00., PBINTBBS, OHAlTrOS STBBKT,

COVENT QABDEK.

CONTENTS.

Pape

CONSPECTUS OF TIIE OrDERS vii

Order XC. Myoporineaj 1

XCl. Selaginea; 31

XCII. Verbenaceae 31

XCIII. Labiatfe 70

XCIV. Plantagineffi 137

XCV. Phytolaccaceae 142

XCVI. Chenopodiacefe 150

XCVII. AmarantacefB 208

XCVIII. Paronychiaceje 258

XCIX. Polygonaceffi 261

C. Nyctagine» 276

CI. Myristicepe 281

CII. Monimiaceffi 282

CIII. Laurineas 293

CIV. Proteaceae 315

Addenduni 584

CONSPECTUS OF THE ORDERS CONTAINED IN
THE FIFTH VOLUME.

Class. I. DICOTYLEDONS.

SuBCLASs II. MONOPETAL^.

(Continued from Vol. IV.)

{Ovary in the foVowing Orders snperior, vsually 2-celled or the cells divided so as to
be apparp,ntl}i 4 celled, tvith Ipair of ovules or rurely 1 ovule or2 superposed pairs of
ovuies to each true cell.)

XC. Myoporine^. Shrubs. Leaves alternate. Stamens usually 4, in pairs
anthers when open reniform and 1-celled by confluence. Ovary not lobed, the style
terminal. Miciopyle and radicle superior.

XOL Selagine^. Herbs or small undershrubs. Leaves alternate or the lower
ones opposite. Stamens usiiaily 4, in pairs ; anthers straight, 1-celied. Ovary not
lobed, the style terniinal. Micropyie and radicle superior.

XCIL Verbenace^. Herbs shriibs or trees. Leaves opposite or rarely alternate.
Stamens 2 or 4, in pairs, or rarely equal and isomerous with tlie corolla-Iobes ; anthers 2-
celled. Ovary not at all or scarcely lobed, the style terminal. Micropyle and radicle
inferior.

XCIII. Labiat^. Herbs or slirubs. Leaves opposite. Stamens 2 or 4, in pairs ;
anthers 2-celled or 1-celled by aboriicm or by confluence. Ovary deeply lobed, the style
neariy basal between tlie lobes. Micropyle and radicle interior.

XCIV. Plantagine^e. Herbs. Leaves radical or tufted, rarely scattered. Flowers
resular, the corolla luith 4 spreading scarious lobes. Stamens 4 or fewer, equal;
anthers 2-celIed. Ovary not lobed, with a terminal style. Seeds peltate.

SuBCLASs III. MONOCHLAMYDE^.

Perianth really or apparently simple, the lobes or segments all calycine or herbaceous,
or all petal-Iike or scarious, or entirely wanting (rarely petals or petal-Iike staminodia
in a few Euphorbiacece or Phytolaccacece).

* Ovary [except in ^yctagineie?) formed of several carpels, but 1-celled and usuaUy
i-ovulate {except in a reryfew PhytolaccaceaB and Amarantaceae). Embryo excentrical
or curved; albumen mealy, rarely icanting (Curvembryse).

XCV. Phytolaccace^. Herbs undershrubs or rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate,
without stipules. Ovules 1 to eachcarpel.

XCVI. Chenopopiace.5;. Herbs or undershrubs, often succulent or scaly-tomentose.
Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, without stipules. Perianth usually herbaceous.
Ovary (of 2 or 3 carpels) l-celled, with 2 or 3 styles or style-branches and only 1
ovule.

XCVII. AMARANTACE.a;. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Leaves altemate or

D. H. HILL LIBRARY
North Carolina State College

Viii CONSPECTUS OF THE OKDEHS.

opposite, without stipules. Perianth usually more or less scarious or coloured. Ovary
(of 2 or 3 carpels) 1-celled, with 2 or 3 styles or style-branches and only 1 ovule or
rarclv a clustor of ovulcs, bearing no relation in number to that of thc carpels.

XCVIII. Paronychiace^. Herbswithlhe charRcter o{ A^naraniacece, except that
thc leaves (usually opposite) are accompanied by small scarious stipules or connected
by a raiscd liue or narrow menibrane.

XCIX. PoLYaoNACE^. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate ; stipules usually thin
or scarious, fonning a shcath or ring round the stem. Ovary (of 2 or 3 carpels) 1-
celled, with 2 or 3 styles or style-branches and only 1 ovule.

0. Nyctaoine^. Herbs shrubs or trees. Leaves usually opposite, without stipules.
Lower portion of the perianth persistent and enclosing the ovary and fruit, the upper
portion deciduous or withering. Ovary 1-celled with 1 ovule and an undivided
style.

** Ovary apocarpous or more frequently reduced to a siiigle more or kss oblique
carpel, 1-celkd with a single one or apair of ovules and a single excentrical or ohlique
style or stigma. Emhryo small or amygdaloid; albumen jleshy or none.

CI. Myristice^. Trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers dioecious. Perianth-lobea
1-seriate valvate. Stamens united in a central column. Carpel 1. Embryo very small
at the base of a ruminate albumen.

CII. MoNiMiACE^. Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite. Perianth-lobes in 2 or
more rows. Stamens opposite the perianth lobes or indefinite. Carpels usually
eeveral. Embryo very small in a fleshy albumen.

CIII. Laukine^. Trces or shrubs with alternate or rarely opposite leaves or (ia
Cassytha) leafless parasitical twiuers. Perianth-segments usually in 2 rows. Stamens
opposite the perianth-segments ; anther-cells opening in deciduous valves. Carpel 1.
Fruit succulent. Albumen none. Radicle superior.

CIV. PROTEACEiE. Trees or shrubs, rarely undersbrubs. Leaves alternate or rarely
opposite. Perianth-segments 4, valvate. Stamens opposite the periauthsegments and
inserted on them. Carpel 1. Albumen none. Eadicle inferior.

FLOEA AUSTEALIENSIS.

Okder XC. MT0P0RINE.«1.

Flowers irreg^ular or rarely nearly reg-iilar, Calyx persistent, more
or less deeply tootlied or divided into 6, rarely 4, lobes or seg-ments.
Corolla with 4 or 5, rarely more, lobes more or less 2-lipped or nearly
equal, imbricate in the bud, the upper lip or lobes outside (or rarely
inside ?). Stamens usually 4, in pairs, inserted in the tube of the corolla
and alternating- with its lower lobes, rarely nearly ec[ual and as many as
corolla-lobes ; anther-cells opening longitudinally, at tirst nearly paral-
lel, coniluent at the apex, and usually when open forming a single reni-
form cell. Ovary free, not lobed, normally 2-celled, with 2 collateral
ovules, or 2 or 3 superposed pairs of collateral ovules in each cell, at-
tached to the incurved margins of a placenta projecting from the dissepi-
ment so as to divide each cell more or less perfectly into 2, Avith one of
the ovules of each pair in each half-cell, or sometimes the ovary divided
from the first into 2 to 4, or in extra-Australian species more, cells with
one ovule in each cell. Ovules pendulous, anatropous, with a superior
micropyle. Style simple, undivided, or obscurely notched at the apex.
Fruit a dry or succulent drupe, the endocarp 2- to 4- or rarely more-
celled or 1-celled by abortion, or separating into as many pyrenes. Seeds
usually solitary in each cell or half-cell, very rarely 2 or 3 superposed,
albuminous in the species where they have been seen ripe, but the
albumen sometimes thin ; embryo straight, with a superior radicle. —
Shrubs or rarely trees. Leaves alternate, scattered, or rarely strictly
opposite, undivided. Flowers axillary, solitary, or in clusters of 2, 3,
or more. Bracts at the base of the pedicels very small or none, no
bracteoles on the pedicels.

The Order is chiefly Australian, and two genera entirely so ; a third extends sparingly
over the Indian Archipelago, the Pacific Islands, and tropical Africa ; and there is a fourth
monotypic tropical American genus. The affinity of this Order with Verbenaceae is so
striking that some have proposed uniting the two, but the superior radicle has, on ex-
amination, proved so constant a distinction, that I have followed Brown and others in
maintaining the two as separate Orders. The three genera, very distinct as to tho
majority of their species, run 80 much into one another, through intermediate species
with the characters differently combined, that it is impossible to ascribe to them any
absoUite limits.

VOL, V. B

— /

2 xc. MYOPORINE^. [Myoporum.

Corolla usually canipanulate, neaily regular, rarcly shortly
cylindrical at tho haRe. Ovary usually 2- to_4- or more
celied, with 1 ovule in each cell, rarely ^-celled with 2 ovules
in each ct-ll .• • !• MvoroRUM.

Corolla usuaily tubular at the base, with a more or less irre-
gular limb. Ovary 2-celied, with 2 or rarely 1 ovule in each
cell 2. Pholidia.

Coroila usually tubuhir at the base, with a niore or less irre-
guiar linib. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 or 3 superposed pairs, or
rarely 1 pair only of ovules in each cell 3. Eremophila.

1. MYOPORUM, Banks and Soland.

(Polyccelium andDhoon, DC.)

Calyx divided to the middle or nearly to tlie ])ase into 5 lobes or seg--
ments not enlar^-ed after flovvering-. Corolla-tvdje iisually short and
ahnost cainpanulate or shortly cyHndrical at the base, lohes 5, nearly
equal and regiilar, or the lowest rather harger. Stamens 4, alternating'
with the lower lobes, or rarely 5, all nearly equal, and scarcely pro-
truding- or shortly exserted. Ovary 2- to 4-celled, or in species not
Australian 5- or 6-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell, or rarely 2-celled
with 2 ovides in each cell. Drupe usually small, but more or less
succulent. — Shrubs (or undershrubs ?). Leaves alternate or rarely
opposite, entire or toothed. Pedicels axillary, usually clustered. Flowers
small, mostly white.

The gcnus is represented by a few species in the Indian Archipelago and tlie Pacific
islands, and by one species in tropical Africa. Of ihe thirteen Australian species here
enumerated, one mfty bc the same as a New Caledonian one, the others appear to be all
endemic.

Sect. I. Eumyoporum. — Cahjx small, narroiv. Ovary 2- to A-celled, with 1 ovule
in each ccll. Fruit globular or ovoid, not compressed.

Erect or divaricatc shrubs. Leaves from lanceolate to obovatc.

Corolla moro or less bcarded inside, or rarely quite

glabrous. Perfect stamens 4.
Leaves acute or acuniinate, entire or very rarcly slightly

serrate. CoroIIa-Iobes usually shorter tlian the tube . . 1. M. acuminatum.
Leaves obtuse, acute, or acuminate, some usually serrate.

Corollalobes usually as long as the tube. (Southern or

Western seacoast or salt plant) 2. M. serratum.

Erect shrubs. Leaves lanceolate or lincar, entire. Corolla not

bearded at the throat. Stamens, 5.

CoroUa 2 to 3 lines long ^. M. deserti.

Corolla 4 to 5 lines long 4. 3/. laxiflorum.

Diffuse or procumbcnt shrubs. Leaves linear or cuneate, thick.
Corolla-Iobcs bcardcd at the base, as long as the tube, or

nearlyso. Fruit globular 5. M. parvifolium.

Corolla-lobes glabrous, much shorter than the tubc, Fruit

T,.«.°^°''^ •,■,•,••■■••• &. 3I.hrev\pes.

DiTuse or weak shrub. Leaves opposite 1. M.oppositifolium.

Sect.II. "DiBoo-a.— Cahjx smaU,narroio. Ovary 2-ceUed, with 1 ov\de in each
cell. I' rutt coii pressed.

Fruit very flat, acute (about 3 lines long).
Leaves iinear lanceolate, acute, entire or scarcely toothed

JitoSiu.long 8. M.platycarpum.

Mf/oporum.] xc. myoporine^e. 3

Leaves oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, serrate, 5 to | in. long.

Plant very glutinous 9. il/. Beckeri.

Fruit small aiid very obtuse, somcwhat flattencd (about 1 line

l.ng).

Leaves narrow, linear, 2 to 4 in. long 10. M.Jlorihundum.

Leaves minnte, crowded, cordate 11. M. salsoloules.

Sect. III. Chamaepo^onia. — Cah/.r-segments herbaceous. Ovary 2-celled, luith

2 ovules 111 each cell. Fruit sometchat compressed.

Calyx-segments 2 to 4 lines long 12. 31. debilc.

Species insufficienth/ hnoion.
Calyx and foliage of some forms of M. serratuni, but ovary
and fruit said to be 2-celled, with 2 ovules or seeds in each
cell 13. M. mucronulatum.

Sect. 1. EuMYOPORUM. — Calyx small, narrow. Ovary 2- 3- or
4-celled, witli 1 ovule in eacli cell. Fruit g-lobular or ovoid, not com-
pressed.

The first six species of this Section, however different in extreme cases, run so much
into each other that they might almost be reduced to varieties of a single one.

1. M. acuminatum, 7?. Br. Prod. 515. An erect g-labrous slirub,
exceedingiy variable in stature, breadtb of leaves, and size of ilowers.
Leaves alternate, in the common forms varying- from elliptical-oblong- to
lanceolate or linear, more or less acuminate, much contracted towards
tbe base, quite entire, and l^ to 3 in. long, but sometimes the broader
ones almost obovate and rather obtuse, or all smaller, or very rarely
a few of the leaves marked here and there with a few distant teeth.
Pedicels 2 to 4 Hnes long, in axillary clusters of 2to 4 or rather more, or
rarely solitary. Calyx-tube very short, segments narrow, acute, rather
rigid, rarely above 1 line long. Corolla almost campanulate, about

3 to 4 lines long-, the lobes nearly equal, spreading, rather shorter, or
sometimes much shorter than the tube, more or less bearded inside as
well as the tube, the hairs sometimes almost disappearing from the lobes,
but OTi a close examination T have very rarely found them quite absent
as in M. deserti. Stamens 4 without any rudiment of the fifth in the
numerous flowers examined, although such a rudiment has been observed
by others ; anthers very shortly protruding. Ovary most frequently
4-celled, but occasionally with only 3 cells and ovules. Drupe nearly
giobular, 2 to 3 lines diameter, or rarely larger.

N. Australia. Dampier's Archipelacro and Cygnet Bay, N.W. coast, A. Cunning-
ham; Nichol Bay, N.W. coast, Iiidlei/'s Expedition.

Queensland. Common along the coast from Cape Upstart, M'Gillivray, to
Movetnn Bay, A. Cunningham and others.

N.S. TVales. Very commoii frnm Port Jackson to the norlhern frontier and in
the desert interior to the Murray and ihe Barrier range.

Victoria. On the Murray and adjoining deserts, but apparently replaced on the
south coast by M. serratum.

TV. Australia. Murchison river, Oldjield, Drummond, 6th colh n. 137.

This truly polymorphous species, usually distinguished from 31. serratum by its
acute or acuminate entirc leaves, cannot, however, be separated from it by any pnsitive
characters ; and on the otlif-r hand has been siibdividedinto several races, or supposed
species, of which the foilowing are the most marked ; —

1. ellipticum. Leaves rather broad and scarcely acuminate. Flowers moderate-

b2

4 xc, MYOPORiNE^. [Myaporum.

gized. J/. eUipticum, R. Br. Prod. 515; A. DC. Prod. xi. 707. — About Port Jackson,

R. Brown, Sieher, n. 223, and other.s. _ _

2. actiinin/itum. Lcaves ratlicr broad, aciimiiiate, moetlv 3 to 4 in. long. Flowers
larger thaii in M. elUpticum. — M. acuwinatum, E. Br. Prod. 515; A. DC. Prod. xi.

707. Barnard aiid-Franklund ishind^. M'Gillivi-aif ; Brisbane liver, Moreton Bay, i^.

Mueller and others : l'ort .lackson, R. Brown, Sieher, n. 222 and otliers ; Hastings
river Beckler. Pogonia glulra, Andr. Bot. Eep. t. 283 ; Andreusia glabra, Vent. Jard.
Malm. t. 108, although tigured with 5 equal stamens, is probably this form.

3. parvijlorum . Leavcs of the tvpical form, or rathcr smaller and narrow. Flowers
smaller the beard of the corolla copious or rarc, or sometimes noiie at all. — M. tenui-
foUum,'\\. Br. Prod. 515; A. DC. Prod. xi. 711, au Forst.? — Queensland coast, Kcppel
and Shoalwatcr Bays, etc. R. Broicn ; islands ofl' the coast, MGillivray, F. Mueller,
and othcrs ; Pockiiigham Bay and Kockhampton, iJallachy and others ; Moreton Bay
and other parts of the coast, A. Cunningham. Some of the N.W. specimens appear
also to belong to this form.

4. angustifolium. Lcaves narrow-lanceolate or almost lincar, but on longer petioles
and more acute than in M. deserti, the lobcs of the corolla sometinics almost, or even
quite, glabrous, but often much bearded, and the upper stainen wanting (or .smail and
abortivc?) — M. inontannm, II. Br. Prod. 515; A. DC. Prod. xi. 708 ; 31. Cunninghamii,
Bentli, in Hueg. Enum. 78 ; A. DC. 1. c. 707 ; M. cyanantherum and M. Dampieri, A.
Cunn. in A. DC. 1. c. 708 — Port Jackson and Mount Hunter, R. Broicn, but chiefly in
the interior of Queensland and N. S. Wales, cxtcnding to the Murray, the Banier
Eange, and to Coopcr's Creek. To this forni also belong most of the specimens frora
the N.W. coast as well as those froni Murcliison river.

The species is clo.sely allied to, and perhaps should include, the New Caledonian M.
tenuifolium, Forst., a narae which in that case would claiin the priority over Brown'8.
But on exaniining our New Caledonian specimens (Viellard n. 1091 and Deplanche n.
356), I find that, although they resemble some Queensland ones o^ Xhev&r. parvifiorum
yet the corolla is more perfectly glabrous inside, and the fifth stamen is present,
although with a narrow barren anther. 1 have great doubts, however, whether this
character will prove constant.

2, M. serratum, R. Br. Prod. 516, An erect or somewhat diffuse
shrul), attaininji- sevcral feet and usually glahrous, still more variahle in
foHag"e and ilowers tlian M. acuminatum, and sometimes very difficult to
disting-uish from that sj^ecies, whilst some of the forms enumerated
helow may he thought hy many to he sjiecifieally distinct, Generally
speaking' the leaves are elUptical-ohlong' or hmceohite, ohtuse or acute,
and more or less serrate, hut in a few maritime specimens they are all
or nearly all entire, cuneate-ohlong' and ohtuse, Flowers usually smaller
than in M. acnminatum, and several in each axil, but sometimes quite as
larg-e as in that species, Calyx-lohes or seginents varying- fron lanceo-
late and under | hne long-, to suhulate and 1| Hnes. Corolla-lobes
usually as long- as the tuhe, abundantly or sparing-ly hearded inside, at
least at the base. Stamens 4, not exceeding- the corolla-lobes, and
sometimes scarcely ])rotruding' from the tuhe, Ovary-cells 2 to 4, but
more frequently 3 tlian 2 or 4, with 1 ovule in each celL Fruit g-lobu-
lar or ovoid, not comj^ressed, from 1 to 2 hnes diameter, or even larg-er,
but all the hn-g-e ones appear to be deformed by the puncture of some
insect, — A, DC, Prod xi, 709 ; Bartl, in Pl Preiss, i, 350 ; M. insnlare,
R, Lr, Prod, 51G; A, DC. 1, c. 708; Bartl. in Ph Preiss, i. 349; M.
tasmanicnm, A. DC. Prod, x. 709; Hook. f. Fl, Tasm. i. 287.

N. S, Wales, Apparently rare and only towards the Victorian frontier.
Victoria, Along tiie wiiole coast from Gipps Land to the Glcnelg, F. Mueiler
and many others ; ^Ninimera, Dallachy.

Myoporitm.'] xc. MYOPoniNE^. 5

Tasmania. Kenfs group, li. Broicn ; common aloiig the N. coast, J. D. Hooher.

S. Australia. Spencer's gulf avid otlierparts of the coast, It. Brown and others.

'W. Australia. From the Great Bight, Maxwcll, and King George^s Sound, B.
Brown and many others, to Murchison River, Oldfield, Drunimond ; Dirk Hartog'8
Isiand, A. CunniiKjham, Milne, and tiie Abrolhos, Bijnoe.

The principal f»rms are the {ullowing : —

1. ohovatum. Leaves obovate, oblong, rather broad, obtuse. Ovary very frequently
2-celled only, as fignred Bot. Reg. 1845, t. 15. — M. athcendens, R. Br. Prod. 516.
A. UC. Prod. xi. 710. — Chiefly in Tasmania and tlie sea-coast of Victoria, S. Australia,
and King George's Sound.

2. apiculatum. Leaves linear-cuneate, 4 to 1 in. long, obtuse or mucronate, thick
and often entire. — M. apiculatum, A. UC. Prod. xi. 707. — Station uncertain, probably
W. coast, Baudin's Expedition. The above quoted specimens from Uirk Hartog's
Island and the Abrolhos, are very near it, but the leaves are broader. They are still
tbick and entire, but some of the Murchison river specimens have both the narrow
and entire, and large and serrate leaves (all thick) on the same specimen.

3. tuherculatum. Ijeaves narrow, mostly serrate, rather thick and obtuse, sprinkled
or covered with raised glandnlar dots. — M. tuhercidatum, R. Br. Prod. 516; A. UC
Prod. xi. 710. Baitl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 349. — King George's Sound, R. Brown and others ;
Swan river, Preiss. n. 1351 (the hitter approaching the var. apiculatum).

4. suhserratum, Leaves mostly oblong or lanceojate, serrate, not very thick. Calyx-
segments short, as in all the preceding forms. — M. suhserratum, Nees in Pl. Preii^s. i.
350. — S. coast of W. Au.-.tralia, King George's Sound, E. Brown and others, extending
to Swan river, Drummond, Preiss. n 1247, and eastward to the Great Bight, Maxwell.
This may be considered as the typical M. serratum, the typical 31. insulare only
differing in the leaves being altogether larger.

5. puhescens. Like the preceding variety, but the branches, leaves and calyxes
copiously pubescent, with short spreading hairs. Ovary 2-ceIled only in the flowers
examiiied.— Gale's Brook, W. Australia, Maxivell.

6. glandulosum. Leaves small in some specimens, 1 to 2 in. long in others; almost
ovate, very tuberculate-glandular (more so than in the var. tuherculatum). Flowers
small. — M. viscosum, R. Br. Prod. 516; A. UC. Prod. xi. 710; 31. c/landulosum, A.
UC. 1. c. 709, and (according to A. UC.) Bertolonia glandidosa, Spin. Jard. S. Sebast.
25. f. 2. — Coast of S, Australia, R. Brown and others.

7. gracile. Leaves usually narrow, always acute and mostly serrate, thinner than
in most of the preceding forms. Pedicels slender. Calyx-Iobes subulate, often 1 to l^
lines long, but very variable. Ovary cells usually 3. — M. caprarioides, Benth.in Hueg.
Enum. 77 ; A. UC. Prod. xi. 707, M. gracile, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 360, A. UC.I.c.708.
— Common in W. Australia, Preiis. n. 1350, Drummond, Oldfield. Some of Brown'3
Bpecimens are very nearly, if not quite, identical with this form.

8. parviflorum. Leaves small and narrow, sessile or nearly so, often tnberculate.
Flowers and fruits very small. Calyx-segments slender, as in the last variety. Ovary
cells 2 or 3. — Murchison river, Oldfitld.

All the above varieties appear to be connected by several intermediate forms.

3. M. deserti, A. Cwm. ; Benth. in Hueg. Emtm. 78. An erect,
glabrous shrub, nearly resembling- the narrow-leaved varieties of 31.
aciiminattim, but the leaves still narrower, linear or linear-lanceolate,
acute or almost obtuse, entire, rather tliick, 1 to 2 in, long-, and nar-
rowed into a very short petiole. Pedicels often several together, rather
thick, and almost always remarkably recurved. Calyx and corolla
about the size of the smaller-flowered varieties of 31. acuminatum, but
the corolla very reg-ular, without any or with scarcely any hairs in the
throat. Stamens 5, all equal in every one of the numerous flowers
examined, the anthers not exserted. Ovary 2-celled or very rarely 3-
celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Fruit ovoid, *' yellowish," 2 to 3 lines
long-, not compressed, usually with 2 cells and seeds. — A, DC. Prod. xi.

G xc. MYOPORlNEiE. [Myoponim.

707 ; M. strictiiin and M. patcns, A. Cunn. in A. DC. Prod. xi. 708 ; M.
dulcc, Bentb. in Mitcb. Trop. Austr. 384 ; 31. rugulosum, F. Muell. in

LilllKI'!!. XXV. 4i??.

Queensland. BnRl.-kin riv.>r, F Muelhr; Belyando and Balonne rivers, Mitchell;
KcniDiil Cr.tk, Bowma» ; Darliiig Dnwns, Lau.

Jt. S. Wales. Lachlan river, A. Cunvivgham; from the Murray and Parling to
tliu Barrier Uange, Victorian and other Expeditions ; Mudgee, Woolls; New Eng-
land, C. Stuart.

Victoria. Jlurray river and Bacchus Marsh, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Froni the Murray to St. Vincenfs Gulf, Flinders Eange, &c., F.
Muelkr; iii the interior, M'Doiiall StuarCs Expedition.

W. Australia. .Fslnary of the Murchisou, OlJfield ; Shark's Bay, Milne.

4. M. laxiflomim, Bcnth. An erect shrub, closely allied to M.
descrti, with the fblitio-e and habit of tbe broader leaved forms of that
species, diiferin}>- chietiy in the hirg-er ilowers. Leaves narrow-lanceo-
hite, acute, contracted into a short petiole. Pedicels solitary or 2 or 3
too-ether, often i in. long-. Calyx-lobes rather long-er than in M. deserti.
CoroUa fidly 5 lines long-, the lobes bearded inside at the base or nearly
g-labrous. Stamens 5, all equal, included in the tube. Ovary 2-celled,
witli one ovule in each cell. Drupe succulent, with a hard putamen,
not comjiresscd. — Eremophila myoporoides, F. Muell. Frag'm. v. 23.

Queensland. Cape rivcr, Bowman ; Rockhamjiiton, Thozet.

I examined 4 ovaries and found them all 2-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell, and the
dnipe I cut across had also only 2 seeds; but in one drupe dissected by F. Mueller tiiere
■were 4 cells and seeds. The ripe drupes were, liowever, all loose in the sheets with the
Bpecimens, and this one may have got mixed among them from sume other species.

5. M. parvifolium, 7?. Br. Prod. 516. Stems procumbent, ex-
tending" sonietiines to 2 ft. or more, the whole plant g-hibrous. Leaves
scattered, rather crowded, linear or linear-spathulate, obtuse, or rarely
ahnost acute, entire, tliick, and sometimes succulent, contracted at the
base, and sometimes shortly petiohite, all under \ in. in some specimens,
above 1 in. in others. Fh)wers soHtar^' or 2 or 3 tog-ether, on slender
pedicels, sometimes very short, but often iin. long-, or even more.
Calyx-seg-ments rather acute, about l^ to l| line long\ Corolla cam-
panuhite, g-htbrous inside or nearly so, about 4 lines long-, the lobes at
least as hjng- as tlie tube. Stamens 4, often exceeding- tlie lobes.
Ovary 3- or 4-celled, witli 1 ovuh^ in each celL Drupe ovoid-g-lobidar,
attaining- about 2 hnes, the putamen with 3 or 4 cells and seeds, or
fewer by abortion.— A. DC. Prod. xi. 710, Bot. Mag-. t. 1693.

Victoria. ]\Iurray river, F. Mueller, Herrgott.

Tasmania. Fliuilers Island, Milligan.

S. Australia. Memory Cove, Spenccr's Gulf, li. Brown ; W. of Mount Sturgeon,
Jiohertsun; iagoons near Kivoli Bay and Holdfast Bay, F. Mueller ; Port Lincoln,
Wdhelmi ; Spencer's Gulf, Warbzirton.

W. Australia. Goosc I.slaud Bay, 7?. Broicn.

M. hu.nil', W. Br. Prod. 516; A. I)C. Prod. xi. 710, is founded upon specimens of
what appcars to lue to be a siiglit variety of M. parvifolium, with rather shorter and
broader lcav.^H.

0. M. brevipes, Bcnth. The specimens have the aspect of some
of the sliort, tliick-h-aved ones of M. parrifolium, but the stems may he
erect. Leaves hnear, obtuse, very thick, all under h in. long-. Flowers

3fi/oponiin.] xc. myoporine^. 7

of the size of tliose of 31. jMirvifolium, but diflferent in shape. Pedicels
mostly solitary, not above 2 lines long-. Calyx-seg-ments acute, about
1 line long-. Corolla g-labrous inside, the tube about 2 lines long-, not
much dikited upwards, the h^bes nearly equal, scarcely 1 line lons^.
Stamens 4, rather shorter than the lobes. Ovary 2-celled, with 1 ovule
in each cell. Fruit oblong-, not compressed, about 2 lines long-.

S. Australia. From M'Douall Stuart's jouriiey into the interior ; only known
from very lew specimens.

7. M. oppositifolium, E. Br. Prod. 516. A weak shrub, ascend-
ing' to 3 or 4 feet, usually bearing* numerous resinous tubercular g-lands.
Leaves opposite, sessile, and usually stem-clasping', lanceolate or
oblong'-lanceolate, acute, serrate, f to 1| in. long-, tlie marg-ins often
recurved. Pedicels rather slender. Calyx-seg'ments rather narrow,
acute, rather long". Corolla very open, the lobes somewhat long-er than
the tube, very sliglitly bearded inside at the base. Stamens 4, the
anthers short. Ovary 2- or 3-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Fruit
small, g"lobular, not compressed. — A. DC. Prod. xi. 710.

"W. Australia. KingGeorge's Souud, R. Brown, A. Cuymingham, and many otliers.

Sect. 2. DisooN. Calyx small, narrow. Ovary 2-celled, with 1
ovule in each cell. Fruit compressed.

8. M. platycarpum, B. Br. Prod. 516. A tall shrub, or small
tree, C|uite giabrous. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, entire, or witli a
few small distant teeth in the upper part, 1;^ to 3 in. long-, rather thick,
contracted into a sliort petiole. Pedicels often 6 or more in the axils,
1 to 2 lines long". Calyx not f line long-, acutely lobed. Corolla more
or less bearded inside at the throat, sometimes scarcely 2 lines long'
with the stamens included, in other specimens twice as larg-e with.
exserted stamens. Ovary 2-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Fruit
ovate or ovate-oblong", acute, much flattened, about 3 lines long*. —
A. DC. Prod. xi. 711.

N. S. 'Wales. Murray and Darling rivers, Victorian and other Expeditions.
Victoria. Wimmera, Dallachy.

S. Australia. Spencer's Gulf, B. Brown ; Encounter Bay, Whittaker; Murray
Scrub, Behr. ; Elders aud Flinders Eange, Lakes Hindmarsh and Gairdner, F. Mueller.

9. M. Beckeri, F. 3ruell. An erect, much-branched shrub of
several feet, strongly scented, and very viscous. Leaves alternate,
oblong" or lanceolate, rarely almost ovate, serrate, about | to f in. long-,
contracted into a petiole. Flowers shortly pedicellate, often 2 or 3
in the axil. Calyx 1 to 1| lines long, deeply divided. Corolla-tube
cylindrical to about 2 lines, then expanded into a small campanulate throat,
the lobes spreading- to 5 or 6 lines diameter, sligiitly bearded inside to-
wards the base, the middle lower one larg-er and broader than the others,
and sligiitly notched. Anthers 4, shortl}^ protruding- from the tube. 0 vary
^-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Fruit ovate, acute, much Hattened,
exceeding; the calyx, but not seen ciuite ripe. — Disoon Becheri, F. Muell.
Frag;m. iv. 48; vi. 150; Ercmophila Becheri, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 156.

8 XC. MYOPORINE^. [MyojMrum.

W. AuBtralia. J>rummond, n. 338 ; Phillips river and saiid hummocks, Eyre's

Eelief, Maxwell. ^ r m i-j-

Notwithstanding some approach in the form of the corolla to tnat of Pholidia, this
Bpecies agrees iii othcr respects much more with Myoporum, approaching very uear
M. platijcarpum in the ovary and fruit.

10. M. floribundum, A. Cunn. ; Benth. in Hxieg. Enwrn. 78. A
e-lubrous, stronf:--sconted shrub of 5 or 6 ft. Leaves very narrow,
linear, acute, entire, 2 to 4 in. long- on the main branches, often much
smaller on the lateral ones. Flowers sniall, often numerous, in axillary
chisters of 3 to U, on fihform pedicels of 1 to 2 Hnes. Calyx-seg-ments
rather thick, acute, \ to f hnes long-. Corolhi-tube about 1 Hne long-,
lobes rather hjng-er, almost acute, not much imbricate in the bud,
glabrous inside. Stamens 4, ratlier long-er or shorter than the corolla-
lobes. Ovary compressed with a nerve-like border, 2-celled, with
1 ovule in each celL Style fihform, the stigma obtuse. Fruit com-
pressed, or at length somewhat turgid, very obtuse, almost truncate,
1 to l^ Hnes long-. — Disoon Jloribundus, A. DC. Prod. xi. 703 j F.
MuelL P^ragm. i. 126.

N. S. TVales. Rocky banks of the Nepean river, A. Cunningham.
Victoria. Snowy river, i^. Mueller.

11. M. salsoloides, Turczan. in Btdl. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 1863, ii.
226. An erect, very much branched shrub of several feet, quite g-labrous,
but often g-landuhir-tuberculate. Leaves very small (under 1 line
long-), but numerous, sessile, cordate, often broader than long-, very
thick, spreading-. Flowers soHtary in the axils, on short pedicels.
Calyx not 1 Hne long-, deeply divided into lanceolate lobes. CoroHa 2^
to 3 Hnes long-, the lobes long-er than the tube, spreading-, nearly equaL
Stamens 4, exserted. Ovary ^-ceUed, with 1 ovule in each celL Fruit
small, obtuse, somewhat compressed, Hke that of M. Jloribundum. —
Disoon cordifolius, F. MuelL Frag'm. i. 126 ; vi. 150.

TV. Australia. Drummond, bth coll. n. 839; Gordon, Phillips, and Salt rivers,
Maxwell.

Sect. 3. Cham^pogonia. Calyx-segments herbaceous. Ovary
2-celled, with 2 ovules in each ceH. Fruit somewhat compressed.

12. M. debile, F. Br. Prod. 516. A low glabrous shrub, with a thick
stock and decumbent or ascending* stems, attaining- sometimes 2 ft.
or more, the branches often g-hmdular-tubercuhite. Leaves afternate,
very shortly ])etiolate, or nearly sessile, eHiptical oblong- or lanceolate,
entire or with a few smaH distant acute teeth, and often one or two
larg-er ones on each side near the base, l^ to 3 or even 4 in. long-.
Pedicels soHtary in the axils or in pairs, rarely so long- as the calyx,
Calyx-segments Hnear but leaf-Hke, acute, 3 to 4 Hnes long-. CoroHa
pink or purpHsh, the tube about as long- as the calyx, the lobes not half
so long-, more or less bearded inside at the base. Stamens included in
the tube. Ovary 2-ceHed, witli 2 coHatoral ovules in each ceH. Fruit
ovoid, somewhat compressed, 3 to 4 lines long-, often furrowed on each
side, 2-celled. Seeds either 2 in each ceU more or less separated by an

Myoporum.] xc. myoporine^. 9

imperfect dissepiment, or more fi"equently solitary by tlie abortion of tbe
otber ovule. — Bot. Mag*. t. 1830, A. DC. Prod. xi. 711 ; Fogonia debilis,
Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 212 ; Andrevsiu debilis, Vent. Jard. Malm. under n.
108; Myoporum dijfusiim, R. Br. Prod. 516, A. DC. Prod. xi. 711;
Capraria calycina, A. Gray, in Proc. Amer. Acad. vi. 49 ; Bentb. Fl.
Austral. above, iv, 603.

Queensland. Keppel and Shoalwater Bays and Broad Sound, B. Brown ; Dawson
river, Biisbane river, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller ; Rockhanipton, Dallachy and others ;
Nerkool Creek, Connor's river, Bowman; Darling Downs, Lau.

N. S. '''IVales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, B. Brown and others ;
IIunter's river, A. Cunnivgham and others ; Clarence river, Bechler ; Richmond
river, Faiccett.

Since the publication of the last volurae, Dr. Torrey has kindly re-examined and sent
me a flower from the specimen inadvertently described by A. Gray as a Capraria, nf
which it liad so much the aspect, aud to which species 1 had probably myself referred
it on a first hasty sorting.

Doiibtful Species.

13. M. mucroniilatum, A. DC. Prod. xi. 706. A g-labrous sbrub
witb tbe aspect foHag'e and liowers nearly of tbe var. apiculatum of M.
serratum, but said to bave a very different ovary and fruit. Leaves
oblong- or oblanceolate, obtuse, mucronate, mucb contracted into a
petiole, rather tbick, quite entire, 1 to 2 in. long-. Pedicels 2 to 4
tog-etber, 2 to 4 Hnes long-. Calyx-lobes sbort. Corolla-lobes sHg;btly
bearded inside. Fruit ovoid-g-lobular, 2-celled, witb 2 seeds in eacb
cell, not separated by any spurious dissepiment.

N. S. Vrales. " East Coast" Herb. Mus. Far. 1 have seen the specimen de-
sciibed by De Candolle, but have not had tlie opportunity of examining the ovary or
frnit. The stations given for Australian plaiits from the coUections of Baudin and
other early navigators are not to be depended upon, the " cote nccidentale" or " cote
orientale" being sometimes attached to plants from the Recherche Archipelago or from
the north coast.

2. PHOLIDIA, R. Br.

(Pseudopholidia, A. DC; Seatis, Duttonia aud Pholidiopsis, F. Muell.)
Calyx divided to tbe base, witli 6 or rarely 4 seg-ments, often unequal,
somewbat dilated and mucb imbricate at tbe base, acuminate, not
enlarg-ed after llowering-. Corolla-tube sbortly cylindrical at tbe base,
expanded into an obliquely campanulate tbroat, tbe limb of five spread-
ing- lobes, not very unequal, tbe 2 upper ones usually ratber more
united. Stamens 4, didynamous, usually exserted from tbe corolla-
tube, but sborter tban tbe lobes. Ovary 2-celled, witb 2 ovules, or
very rarely only 1 in eacb cell ; style usually long-er tban in Myoporum,
and booked at tbe end. Fruit a dry or rarely succulent di-upe,
2-celled, or more or less perfectly 4-celled, witb 1 seed in eacb cell.
— Sbrubs. Leaves alternate scattered or irreg-ularly opposite, entire or
tootbed. Flowers axillary, solitary and sessile, or on very sbort
pedicels (except in P. santalina).

The genus is limited to Australia. In the typical forms it difFers from 3L/oporum in
the niore perfectiy divided calyx, the shape of the corolla, the more didynamous stamens,
as WfU as in the ovary and fruit and inflorescence, but Myoporum Beckeri has alinost
the coroUa and M. debile the ovary of PhoUdia, whilst PhoUdia brevifoUa and perhaps

20 xc. MYdPORiNE.!:. [Pholidia.

r Delisserii have only 1 ovulft in each of the ovary-cells as in the raajority of Myo-
pora. From Eremophila, Pholidia differs in the niore regular corolla, the calyx-
setrments never enlarged after flowering, the stamens not exserted, the ovules never
superpo><ed in each half cell, and the fruit not Keparating into 1 seeded nuts as in the
Bection EremocoiinoK, nor so succiilc-nt as in Stenochilus, bnt none of the latter characters
nre cnnslant throu_'li all tlic .«pccies of Eremophila, and the fruits of some species are
as yet unknown. The distinction between PhoUdia and Eremophila is not, therefore,
raore definile than that between Pholidia and Mijoporum.

Lcares mostly opposite, hoary or white, almost scaly, usually re-
curved at the eiid. Flowers sessile or nearly so.

Leaves narrow-linear, ^ to l in. long 1. P. Dalyana.

Leaves narrow-liiiear, rarcly above ^ in. long 2. P. scojMria.

Leaves obovate or oblong, 3 to 4 liues long 3. -P. Deli.iserii.

Leaves aUernate, obovate, or ovate, 3 to 5 lines long. Flowers
sessile or nearly so.
Leaves very thick, complicated and recurved, glaucous or boary 4. P. crassifolia.

Leaves ratiier thick, wliite on both sides, resinous 5. P. resinosa.

Leaves rather thin, green, often toothed.

Leaves obovate or cuneate, acute, mostly toothed. Ovules 2

in each cell 6. P. Behriana.

Leaves ovate or elliptical-oblong, entire. 0\Tiles 2 in each

cell , • 1. P. Woollsiana.

Leaves ovate, entire or toothed. Ovules 1 in each cell . . 8. P. brevifolia.
Leaves aiternate, entire, crowded or imbricate, ^ to 1 in. long.
Flowers sessile or nearly so.
Leaves oval or oblong, white-tomentose. Ovary glabrous . . 9. P. imbricaf.a.

Leaves linear, acute, glabrous. Ovary woolly 10. P. densifolia.

Leaves alternate, narrow or small, not crowded. Flowers sessile
or nearly so.
Leaves small, erect, with a few large tubercles. Fruit com-

pressed, obtuse, not exceeding the calyx 11. P. gihhifolia.

Leaves linear, entire. Branches divaricate, often spinescent.

Fruit bcaked 12. P. divaricata.

Leaves linear, not gibbous, erect. Branches erect, hoary-pube-

scent or nearly glabrous. Leaves 2 to 4 lines long .... 13. P. microtheca.

Very viscid-pubescent. Leaves 1 in. long 14. P. adenotricha.

Leaves narrow-lanceolate, above 1 in. long. Pedicels about 4 in.

long 15. P. santalina.

1. P. Dalyana, F. MucU. Very closelj allied to P. scoparia, and
perhaps a variety only, differing; in the leaves long-er and more slender,
usually f to 1 in. long-, the coroUa-tube not so much contracted at the
base, and the ovary densely villous instead of being' scaly only. —
Eremophihi Dalyana, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 22.

S. Australia. Between Cooper'8 Creek and Stoke's Range, HoioitVs Expedition.
There is b\il a single specimen {Herh. F. MuelL), and I could only examine one
ovary, wbich was 2-celled as in P. scoparia, but one ovule of each cell was very small
and probably abortive.

2. P. scoparia, 7?. Br. Prod. 517. An erect slirub, lioary or
almost silvery, with a ch)se more or less scaly indumentum, the
bran'-hes rigid, but not thick, -with prominent angles decurrent from
the leaves. Leaves mostly opposite or nearly so, narrow-linear with
hooked points, rather thick, keeled underneath, channelled above,
rarely e.xceeding- i in. in length. Flowers of a pale violet bhie, solitary
on sliort axillary pedicels, without bracts. Calyx l^ to l^ line long-,

Pholidia.] xc. myoporine^. 11

deeply divided into 5 acute keeled segiiients. Corolla 8 to 9 lines long-,
the narrow part of the tube twice as long- as the calyx, hairy inside at
the top, the broad, almost campanulate, upper part or throat at least as
long- as the narrow part, the lobes much shorter, and nearly equal.
Stamens inserted at the top of the narrow part of the tube, and about
as long- as the broad part. Ovary S-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell.
Fruit ovoid or ovoid-oblong-, nearly 3 lines long", the putamen com-
pletely 4-celled, with 1 seed in each cell. — Endl. lconogT. t. 66 ; A. DC.
Prod. xi. 713 ; Eremophila scoparia, F. Muell. in Proc. R. S. Tasm. iii.
290, Frag-m. v. 22.

N. S. VTales. Nandirooga Creek and towards tbe Barrier Range, Victorian
Expedition.

S. Australia. Hcad of Spencer's Gulf, R. Brown ; in the scrub from tbe Murray
river to St. Vincent's Gulf, F. Mueller ; Gawler ranges, Sullioan ; Lake Gairdner,
Babhacfe ; bead of the Great Australian Bight, Delisser.

3. P. Delisserii, F. Mudl. A shrub of 2 to 3 ft., the branches and
foliag"e hoary or white with a close tomentum, and sometimes glandular-
tubercular. Leaves mostly opposite, from obovate to oblong', obtuse,
recurved, contracted into a short petiole, 3 to 4 lines long-. Flowers
sessile, only seen in very young- buds ; but according- to F. Mueller's
description and fig-ure, the calyx-segments narrow, woolly, imbricate,
about 2| lines long", not enlarg-ed after flowering", the corolla nearly
8 lines long-, tomentose outside, the cylindrical portion of the tube
nearly as long- as the calyx, with a ring- of wool inside at the top, the
broad part campanulate, the lobes ovate-oblong-, obtuse, nearly equal.
Ovary densely woolly Avith white plumose hairs, and, as far as I could
ascertain in the very young- one examined, witli only 1 ovule in each
cell. — EremopJiila Ddisserii, F. Muell. Frag-m. v. 108, "t. 41.

TV. Australia. N.W. of tbe head of tbe Great Australian Bigbt, Delisser; a
single fragment in Herh. F. 31ueller.

4. P. crassifolia, F. 3IneU. in Linncea, xxv, 430. An erect shrub of
several feet, quite giabrous, but often g-laucous and minutely scaly.
Leaves broadly ovate, obtuse, thickly coriaceous, folded longitudinally,
and often recurved, narrowed into a short petiole, 3 to 6 lines long-.
Flowers small, almost sessile, and solitary in the axils. Calyx-seg-ments
ovate-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, keeled, with thin and sometimes
sligiitly ciliate margins, about 2 lines long", the inner ones rather
smaller. Corolla not twice as long- as the calyx, the lobes nearly equal
and rather long-er than the tube, the narrow part of the tube very short.
Stamens didynamous. Ovary 2-celled, Avith 2 ovules in each cell.
Fruit small, rug"ose, sligiitly compressed, obtuse, sliorter than the
calyx, the putamen more or less completely 4-celled when ripening- all
the seed. — Eremophila crassifolia, F. Muell. in Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. iii.
297.

5. Australia. About Mount Greenly, Dombey Bay, Spencer's Gulf, Wilhelmi;
Venus Bay, Warhurton.

5. P. resinosa, Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 50. Branches densely covered
with a wliite tomentum and sprinkled with resinous tubercles. Leaves

12 XC. MYOPORINE^. [Pholidkt.

alternate, obovate, obtuse with a miniite point, rather thick, flat, 4 lines
lon<r, hoarv with stelhite liairs on both sides. Peduncles axillary, solitary,
exceedin"-Iv short. Calyx-sef;™ents linear-lanceolate, acute, 3 lines
lon<>r. Corolla funnel-shaped, O^ lines long-, tlie tube scarcely exceeding
the^^calvx, the tliroat dilated, the lobes nearly equal, scarcely more
than h line long-, the upper ones recurved, the lower ones spreading-;
all sprinkled outside with stellate hairs. Stamens included in the tube.
Uvary densely tomentose, 4-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell (or 2-celled
withl^ ovulesineach cell !•) — A. DC. Prod. xi. 713; EremapMlaresinosa,
I\ Mudl. in Proc. U. Soc. Ta.vti. iii. 296.

W. Australia. Betvveen King George'8 Sound and Swan river, T. S. Boe. The
specinien i.s a very poor one. The above description is taken chiefly from Endlicher's.

6. P. Behriana, F. Muell. in Linmsa, xxv. 430. A low shrub, with
erect, rather slender g-labrous or pubescent branches. Leaves obovate
or cuneate, mucronate-acute, often toothed in the upper part, contracted
at the base but scarcely petiolate, rather rig-id and occasionally veined,

3 to 4 lines long. Flowers nearly sessile, solitary in the axils. Calyx-
segments narrow-lanceolate, acute, the outer ones 2J lines long*, the inner
ones rather smaller. Corolla about 4 to o lines long-, the tube g-radually
enlarg-ed frora near the base, the lobes short and broad, the middle
lower one broader than the others, all bearded inside at the base.
Stamens included in the tube. Ovary oblong-, 2-celled, with 2 ovules
in each cell (or one occasionally abortive .''). — Eremophila Behriana or
Behrii. F. Muell. in Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. iii. 296, Rep. Babb. Exped. 18.

S. Australia. In the scrub near Gawler river, Behr.; Tumby Bay and hills near
Port Lincoln, F. Mueller : Kangaroo Island, Waterhouse.

7. P. Woollsiana, F. Muell. An erect shrub of 3 to 4 ft., the
branches hoary with a very short minutely plumose pubescence. Leaves
alternate, ovate or oblong-, elliptical, obtuse or almost acute, 1-nerved,
rather thick, g-Iabrous, entire (or rarely slig-htly toothed .''), narrow^ed
at the base but sessile, 2 to 4 lines long-. Flowers " puce-coloured,"
axillary, on very short pedicels. Calyx-seg-ments narrow'-IanceoIate,
acute or rather o])tuse, not 2 lines long". Corolla 5 to 6 lines long-, the
cylindrical part of the tube about as long- as the calyx, the obliquely
campanulate broad part rather long-er, tlie lobes short and broad, the 2
upper ones more united, and the middle lower one broader than the
others. Stamens not exserted. Ovary 2-celIed, with 2 ovules in each
cell, Fruit scarcely as long- as the calyx, slightly compressed, broadly
ovate, rug-ose, slio-htly furrowed on each side, more or less perfectly
4-celIed, or with fewer cells and seeds by abortion. — Eremophilu Woollsi-
ana, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 125, t. 7.

W. Australia. Salt river, Stokes Inlet, Oldfield river, Maxwell.

8. P. brevifolia, Benth. A tall, erect, much-branched shrub, quite
g-labrous. Leaves alternate, sessile and more or less stem-clasping,
broadly ovate, obtuse, entire or coarsely toothed, usually concave, 3 to

4 or sometimes 5 lines long-. Flowers '^' white," solitary, ou very short
axillary pedicels. Calyx-segments very narrow^, acute, about '2 lines

Pholidia.] XC. MYOPORINEiE. 13

long-. Corolla-tube nearlj 5 lines long, broad, hairy inside, very shortly
contracted at tbe base, tbe lobes scarcely 1 Hne long-, tbe middle
lower one broader tban tbe otbers. Ovary quite g-labrous, 2-celled, with
only 1 ovule in eacli cell in all tbe flowers examined. Fruit not known,
— Myoporum hrevifoliiun, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 350 ; Pseudopholidia brcvi-
folia, A. DC. Prod. xi. 704.

V^. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. n. 445, Preiss. n. 2335 and 2382.

9. P. imbricata, Benth. An erect shrub, densely clothed with a
hoary or wbite tomentum. Leaves crowded and imbricate, ovate or
oblong-, obtuse, sessile and very shortly contracted at the base, tbick
and soft, entire, | to nearly 1 in. long-. Flowers sessile and sborter than
the leaves. Calyx-seg-ments narrow, softly tomentose, 2 to 2^ bnes long-,
not enlarg-ing- after flowering*. CoroHa g-hibrous, apparently of the shape
of otber Pholidue, but not seen perfect. Drupe g-labrous, ovoid, as long-
as tbe calyx, slig-htly succident, the endocarp hard, completely 4-celled,
witb one seed in each cell.

TV. Australia. Between Moore and Murchison rivers, Drum,mond, Qth coll. n.
147. I have seen the ovary only in a far advanced state, but could find no trace of the
lower abortive ovules of most species of EremopMla.

10. P. densifolia, F. Mucll. Brancbes virg-ate, g-labrous or sprinkled
witb a small minutely plumose pubescence, which is also sometimes
on the marg-ins of the leaves, and more abundant on the marg-ins of the
sepals and on the ovary. Leaves ratber crowded, linear or narrowly
linear-hmceohite, very acute, sessile, thick, convex underneatb, mostly
about I in. long- on tbe main brancbes, much smaller on the lateral ones.
Flowers almost sessile and nearly exceeding- tbe leaves. Calyx-seg'-
ments narrow, acute, tbe outer ones about 2 lines long-, the inner ones
smaller. CoroUa ^' bhie," about 5 hnes long-, tbe narrow part of the
tube very short, tbe lobes scarcely as long- as the tube, the 4 upper ones
almost acute, contorted in tbe bud, the lowest broader and obtuse.
Stamens didynamous. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell,
densely tomentose-villous. Drupe tomentose, shghtly compressed,
obtuse, shorter tban the calyx, the endocarp completely divided into 4
cells (or fewer by abortion) witb 1 seed in each cell. — Eremophila den-
sifolia, F. MuelL Frag-m. ii. IGO.

W. Australia. E. Mount Barren and Stokes Inlet, Maxwell.

11. P. gibbifolia, F. Muell. An erect shrub of 1 to 2 ft., with
numerous virg-ate branches, glabrous or minutely scaly-pubescent.
Leaves Hnear or bnear-oblong-, sessile, erect, 1 to 3 lines long-, remark-
able for several larg-e tubercular swelHng-s.on the back. Flowers nearly
sessile. Calyx-seg-ments subulate-acuminate, often above 2 Hnes
long-. Corolla fuHy \ in. lon^, the tube shortly cyHndrical at the base,
the upper part much dilated and obHque, the lobes short. Stamens
didynamous. Ovary oblong-, 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Fruit
oblong-, compressed, not exceeding- the calyx, completely 4-celled, with
1 seed in each ceU, or with fewer ceHs and seeds by abortion. — Duttonia
gibbifolia, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 73, t. 1., and in Trans.

14 xc. MYOPORiNEiE. [PhoHdia.

Aict. Inst. I800, 41 ; Eirnwphila gibbosijblia, F. Muell. RejJ. Babb.
Exped. 18.

Victoria. Wimmora, Dnllachi/.

S. Australia. Ixocky hills betwecu the Murray river and St. Vincent's Gulf, F.
Muclhr; Tattiara Couiitry, Wood.

12. P. divaricata, F. Muell. in Hooh. Kew Journ. viii. 201, and in
Tram. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 47. An erect shrub of several feet, with di-
varicate branches, sometimes spinescent and quite g-hibrous, or with a
hne of short hairs above each leaf. Leaves Hnear or linear-cuneate,
obtuse, narrowed at tlie base, rarely above ^ inch long- and often smaller,
usually drving- 1»hick. Fh)wers " purph^ or white, often spotted," soli-
tary aiul nearly scssile in the axils. Calyx-seg-ments 4 or 0, broad at
the base, acimiinate, shg-btly ind^escent or ciliate, al)out 2 to 2^ lines
long-. CoroHa densely stena'te-pul)escent outside, under ^y in. long-, the
cylindrical base shorter than the calyx, the throat oblicpudy campanu-
late, the middle lower lobe rather larg-er and broader than the others
and very hairy inside, the hairs continned to the base of the tube as in
most PhoUdim, the 2 upper lobes shortly united. Filaments hairy at
the base. Ovary g-labrous, 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Ripe
fruit ovoid at the base, tapering- into a beak, the whole about 4 lines
long-, more or less perfectly 4-celled, with 1 seed in each cell. — Sentis
rhynchocarpa, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 48, vi. 150; Ercmophila divaricata,
F. Muell. in Trans. R. Soc. Tasm. iii. 293.

N. S. TVales. Murray rivcr, F. Mueller; Darliug river, Victorian Expedition,
^frs. Ford ; triluitaricR of the upper Darliiig, Bowman.

S. Australia. Miirray desert, F. Mucller ; Lake Alexandrina, Hildehrand.

1;J. P. microtheca, F. MucU. An erect almost heath-like shrub, the
branches and yoimg* leaves hoary with a very short minutely plumose,
almost farinaceous pubescence, the older foliag^e glabrous or uearly so.
Leaves rather crowded, linear, somewhat obtuse, slightly contracted at
the base, 2 to 4 lines long-. Flowers " lilac," on very short axillary
pedicels. Calyx-segments pIumose-pid)escent, about 2 lines long-.
Corolla like that of P. Woollsinna, but ratlier smaller. Ovary rugose,
2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Fruit rug-ose like that of E. Wooll-
siana, but smaller and not compressed, the only one seen was, however,
not quite ])erfect. — Ercnwphila Woolhiana var. angiuitijblia, F. Muell.
Fragni. ii. 1(10 ; E. niicrothccu, F. Muell. Herb.
AV. Australia. Port Gregory, Murchison ris-er, Oldfield.

14. P. adenotricha, F. Mudl. Densely clothed with a g-landular-
ferrug-inous or dingy viscidpubescence. Leaves crowded, linear, obtuse,
rather thick and sot\, viscid-pubescent on both sides, about 1 in. long-.
Flowers solitary and sessile. Calyx-seg-ments linear, nearly equal, and
notso imbricate as in the other species, ciliate and viscid-pubescent, 3 to
3i lines lono-, not enlargcd after flowering. CoroIIa g-Iabrous outside,
aCout I in. long-, the cylindrical part of the tube nearly as long- as the
calyx, the upper ])art nuich enlarged ; the lobes broad, short and nearly
cqual. Stumens not cxamined Druj^e slightly succulent, ovoid, shorter

Pholidia.] XC. MYOPORINEiE. 15

tlian the calyx, tlie putamen thick and long", 4-celled, with 1 seed in
each cell. — Eremojyhila adcnotricha, F. Muell. Herb.
W. Australia. Herh. F. MueUer.

15. P. santalina, F. MiicU. An erect glabrous shrub of several
feet, slig-htly ghmduhir-verrucose. Leaves narrow hmceolate, acumi-
nate, entire, narrowed into a rather long petiole, rather thick, \^ to 2 in.
long. Flowers " white," solitary in the axils, on pedicels usually of
about |- in., thickened under the llower. Calyx-segments narrow,
acuminate, not 2 lines long, imbricate at the base. Corolla-tube with
the cylindrical part nearly as long as the calyx, the upper part broad,
about 3 Hnes long, glabrous inside or nearly so, the lobes scarcely 2
iines long, the 4 upper ones ovate, spreading', with short recurved
points or almost obtuse, the 2 uppermost of them ascending, the middle
Ipwer lobe twice as broad as the others. Stamens included, didynamous.
Ovary glabrous, 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Drupe succulent,
the putamen more or less perfectly 4-celled, with 1 seed in each cell,
or more frequently reduced by abortion to 1 or 2 cells and seeds. —
Pholidiopsis santalina, F. Muell. in Linnoea, xxv. 429 ; Eremophila san-
talina, F. Muell. in Proc. R. Soc. Tasm, iii. 295.

S. Australia. Rocky liills near Cudnaka, F. Mueller.

This species differs from all the others of the genus iii its elongated pedicels, like
those o^ Mi/oporuni ; they are, however, solitary, and the calyx, corolla, and ovary are
those of Pholidia rather than of Myoporum or Eremophila.

3. EREMOPHILA, R. Br.

(Stenochilus, B. Br. Eremodendron, DC.)

Calyx divided to the base into 5 segments or rarely 5-lobed, often
but not always enlarged after ilowering-. Corolla-tube usually broad
from the base or constricted above the ovary, more or less elongated and
incurved, very rarely with the cylindrical base of Pholidia, the hmb
obhque or 2-lipped, 5-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, often exserted.
Ovary 2-celled, with 2 or 3 superposed pairs of ovules in each cell, of
which, however, the lower pairs remain usually unfecundated, or in a
very few species only one pair in each cell at the time of llowering,
Style iiliform, Fruit, Avhere known, a dry or succulent drupe, the
putamens separating into 4 1-seeded pyrenes, or 4-celled with one seed
in each cell, or fewer cells and seeds by abortion. — Shrubs. Leaves
alternate or scattered. Flowers soHtary, or in a few species several
together in the axils, usuaHy pediceHate, without bracts.

The genus is limited to Australia. As will be seen by the above character, there is
no positive corabination of characters to separate it from PhoUdia, being connected with
that genus, as Pholidia is with Myopiorum, by exceptional species. The habit is, how-
ever, different, and there are ahvays either the superposed ovules or the enhirged fmiting
calyx, and often the succuient fruit, to distinguisli Eremophila. On the other hand, the
five sections iiito wliich I have divided Eremophila may perhaps one day be admitted
as genera, which I have been unwilling to do whilst the ripe fruit of so many species
is unknown, especially as there appears to be a greater proporlion of intermediate species
between them than between the three Myoporineous genera here adopted. F. Mueller

1Q xc. MYOPORiNEiE. [EremopMla.

(Fra?m. vi.) unites Pholidla with Eremophila, Ttia.mmg Myoporum, Disoon, and Sentis
as distinct, but has not published the definite distinctive character he relies upon.

Skct. I. Eriocalyx. — Calyx-segments not overlapping, thick and soft, densely to-
mentose, not hecoming scarious after floicering. Ovary with two pairs of ovuks in
each cell. Fruit unlcnown.

Fiower nearly sessile. Leaves obovate to lanceolate, short, densely
tonientose.
Corolla and ovary tomentose. Corolla lobes all broad and obtuse.

Stamens included 1- E. Mackinlayi.

Corolla and ovary glabrous.

Corolla lobes obtuse. Stamens included 2. E. Bowmanni.

CoroUa upper iobes small and acute. Stamens exserted . . 3. E. lemophylla.
Flowers distinctiy pedunculate. Leaves obovate, obiong, densely

tomentose, \io % in. long. Corolla tomentose. Ovary glabrous 4. E. Forrestii.
riowers distinctly pedunculate. Leaves linear or linear-ianceolate,
mostly above 1 in. iong.
Calyx clothed with a long loose plumose wool. Leaves wooUy

when young, at length nearly glabrous 5. E. eriocalyx.

Calyx shortly stellate-tomentose. Leaves closely tomentose,

not becoming glabrous 6. E. Maitlandi.

Sect. IL Eremocosmos. — Calyx-segments not at all or scarcely overlapping at
ihe base, moreorless enlarged,veined, andscarious after flowering. Ovary icith 2 <o 4
pairs ofovules in each cell {except in E. opposititblia and E. Paisleyi). Fruit {where
known) dry, the endocarp separating into distinct pyrenes.
Enlarged calyx-segments more or less cuneate and obtuse.

Leaves small, sliort, broad, thiclc, and hoary 7. E. rotundifolia.

Leaveslinearor linear-lanceolate. Corolla lobesobtuse. Stamens
included or shortly exserted,
Ovary shorily hairy, wiih 1 pair of ovules to each cell.

CoroUa above 1 in. long. Stamens often exserted. Leaves

1 to 2 in. long 8. ^. oppositifolia.

Corolla 4 in. long, stamens included 9. E. Pahnleyi.

Ovary very woolly, with 2 to 4 pair of ovules to each cell.

Leaves narrow, linear 10. E. Sturtii.

Leaves linear-lanceolate 11. E. Mitchelli.

Enlarged calyx-segments oblong or lanceolate, acute. Leaves
linear or iinear-lanceolate.

Corolia-Iobes all broad. Stamens included 12. E. Clarkii.

Corolla upper lobes rathtr acute. Stamens exserted . . . . 13. E. Latrohii.

Sect. IIL Platycalyx. — Calyx campanvlate, 5-lohed. Flowers and fruit of
Platychilus.
Single species 14. jF. Macdonellii.

Sect. IV. Platychilus. — Calyx-segments much imhricate at the hase {except in the
first species'*, the onter oncs u^iually hroader. CoroUu-lobes all broad and ohtuse, or the
upper ones scarcely acute. Stamens included or scarcely exserted. Ovules in 2 or B
2)airs in each cell. Fruit q/^Stenochilus.

Calyx-segments small or narrow and acute, not enlarged after
flowering. Leaves loiig, linear or lanceolate.
CoroUa tube not much enlarged upwards. Calyx-segments nearly

linear 15. E. graciliflora.

Corolla vube much enlarged upwards. Calyx-segments small,

very acute, frora a broad base 16. .2^. longifolia,

Calyx-segments ovaie or ianceolate, acute, notexceeding 3 linesin
flower, nor much enlarged afterwards. Plants very glabrous,
often drying blue.
Erect, virgrtte and very glutinous. Leaves narrow-Hnear.

Corolla-tube cylindrical at thc base, as in /'/io?i</(a . . . .17. E.Drummondii.

Ercmophila.] XC. MYOPORlNEiE. 17

Very divaricately branclied. Leaves narrow-linear. Corolla-

tube very broad and enlarged from the base 18. E. polyclada.

Moderately sprcading. Leavcs lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,

usually long. Corolla-tube broad and enlarged from the

bas') 19. E.hignonioBJlora.

Calyx-segments lanceolate or the outer ones ovate, 3 to 6 lines

long. Plant hoary-tomentose or at length glabrous . . .20. E. Ereelingii.
Calyx-segments broad-lanceolate, 4 to 6 lines long, more or less

hirsute.

Leaves linear or lanceolate 21. E. Goochinnii.

Leaves obovate or oblong, serrulate 22. E. WiUsii.

Calyx-segments obtuse, very much enlarged coloured and Bca-

rious after flowering. Leaves linear-lanceolate.
Stamens incliided. Plant hoary-tomentose or glabrous . . , 23. E. platycalyx.
Stamens exserted. Plant glabrous 24. E. viscida.

Sect. V. Stenochilus. — Calyx-segmenia imbricate at the base, usually enlarged
after flowering. Corolla 4 upper lohes short and acute, the fifth lowest more deeply
separated and sometlmes narrow. Stamens exserted (except E. alternifolia). Ovules
2 or 8 pnirs, or rarely only l pair in each cell. Drupe {except E. alternifolia) succu-
lent, with a thick bony putamen not separating into nuts.

Peduncles usually shorter than the calyx, not flexuose.

Calyxsegments lanceolate, small in flower and not much en-
larged afterwards.
Leaves linear or lanceolate, hoary-tomentose or at length

glabroris 25. E. Broumii.

Leaves ovate-oblong, crowded, toraentose, more or less floccose 2(5. E. subfloccosa.
Calyx-segments oblong, rather obtuse, enlarged after flowering 27. E. Oldfieldii.
Peduncles longer than the calyx, very spreading, usually
flexuose.
Leaves narrow-lanceolate, entire. Ovules, 2 pairs in each
cell.
Lowest corolla-Iobe obtuse. Calyx much enlarged after

flowering 2S. E. Duttonii.

Lowest corolla-lobe acute. Calyx-segments acute scarcely

enlarged after flowering 2d. .E. macvlata.

Leaves lanceolate or ovate, often denticulate. Ovules 1 pair
in each cell.
Leaves mostly lanceolate. Calyx-segments lanceolate,

scarcely enlarged after flowering 30. E. denticulata.

Leaves mostly ovate. Calyx-segments ovate, much enlarged

after flowering 31. E. latifoUa.

Leaves narrow-Iinear. Calyx-segments much enlarged after

flowering. Ovules 1 pair in each cell. Stamens included . 32. E. alternifolia-.

Sect. 1. Eriocalyx. — Calyx-seg-ments not overlapping' at tlie base,
tliick and soft, denselY tomentose, sometimes enlarg-ed but not scarious
after flowering-. Ovary witb 2 pairs of ovules in each cell.

The species of this section have rather more the habit of Pholidia than of Eremophila,
but the shape of the corolla and the superposed ovules are those of the latter genus.
Most of the species have however been described from very imjjerfect specimens.

1. "E. Mackinlayi, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 80. A shrub of several feet,
densely clothed with a hoary or yellowish soft and almost woolly
tomentum. Leaves obovate broadly ovate or almost orbicular, con-
tracted below the middle but broadly sessile, and sometimes dilated at
the very base, thick, 4 to 8 lines long- in the only specimens seen.

VOL. V. C

13 xc. MVoPORiNE^. [Erenwphila.

Flowers " purple," nearly sessile and solitary. Calyx-seg-ments narrow-
lanceolate, rather obtuse, densely tomentose, about 4 lines long,
scarcely imbricate, apparently becominy enlarged after tlowering-,
Corolhi ratlier above 1 in. long-, sUghtly constricted above the ovary,
then ahnost campanulate, tomentose outside, partially wooUy inside,
the lobes all broad, (jbtuse, or with a very sliort point in the centre, the
middle lowest one rather broader than the others. Stamens included.
Ovary woolly-tomentose, with 2 pairs of ovules in each cell. Fruit
unknown.

W. Australia. Sharks Bay, Maitland Brown (a siii-le specimen in lierb. F.
Miuli.).

2. E. Bowmanni, F. Miiclf. Fragm. ii. 139. Densely clothed with
a white or hixiry tomentum, either short and close or looser and
plumose. Leaves" oblong- or lanceolate, obtuse, rather thick, entire,
contracted at tlie ])ase but scarcely petioh^te, tomentose on both sides,
the midrib prominent underneath,^under | in. long- when broad, nearly
1 in. when narrow. Flowers " blue," solitary, on pedicels of 3 to 6
lines. Calyx-segments 5 to 7 Hnes long-, oblong-linear, rather obtuse,
tomentose "on both sides, rather unequal, but scarcely imbricate.
CorolLa glabrous outside, about 1 in. long-, the tube slightly contracted
above the ovary, then broad, the lobes l)road and obtuse, the middle
lower one rather narrower than the others. Stamens included. Ovary
g-hibrous, narrow, with 2 pairs of ovules to each cell.

N. S. Wales. Darling desert, iS^e/^soM (with shiirt lcaves and a close tomentum);
tributaries (i the upper Uarliiig, Bouman (with long leaves and a loose tomentum) —
both niere fragments in herb. F. Mueller.

3. E. leucophylla, Benth. Densely clothed with a white or hoary
tomcntum either close and short or looser and plumose. Leaves
obovate or elhptical-oblong-, obtuse, distinctly petiolate, under \ in.
lono-, thick, tomentose on both sides, the midrib prominent underneath.
Pedicels solitary, 1 to 2 hnes long-. Calyx-segments hinceolate or
lincar, scarcely acute, about 4 hnes Jong, tomentose on both sides, not
imbricate. CoroUa glabrous, about f in. long-, scarcely constricted
above the ovary, the tube broad aud shg-htly incurved, the upper lobes
small and acute, the lowest not seen perfect. Stamens exserted.
Ovarj' g-labrous, rather short, with 2 pairs of ovules in each cell, all
very near the base.

W. Australia. Sharks Bay, Milne.

4. E. Forrestii, F. Muell. Fraf/m. vii. 49. A shrub densely covered
with ii wliite or yollcwish almost lloccose tomentum. Leaves opposite
or altcrnate, shortly petiolate, oblong- or obovate-oblong-, ver}' obtuse,
contracted at the base, tliick and soft, h to | in. long- in the specimen.
Flowers axilhiry, on ])e(hmcles of 2 to 4 lines. Calvx-segments narrow,
not overhq^ping-, almost obtuso, thick and soft, stoilate-tomontose, 0 to
7 lines long-, not enhirging- aftor tlowering-. Corolla rather long-er than
the calyx, minutely tomentose outside, tlie lobes ovato, mucronate,
rather more than 2 lines long-, the 2 (upper ?) ones rathor narrower

Eraiwphila.] XC. MYOPORlNEiE. 19

tlian the others and sliortly united in an (upper '?) lip of the same
leng-th as the otliors and inside in the bud. Stamens inchided.
Ovary glabrous, witli 'J superposed pairs of ovules in each cell. Drupe
small with a hard putamen, but the onl}' one seen not yet ripe.

^V. Australia. Lake Barlee, Forre^tt (Herb. F. Mufller). Described from a
single sjieciin'Mi in whicli what appeared to be the upper lip of the corolla (but possibly
the middle bifid lobe oC the lower lip) was certainly inside in the bud, whilst in all
Jlyoporineae which I have been able to examine in bud I have uniformly found the
ujiper lip outside.

5. E. eriocalyx, F. Miidl. Fnigm. i. 23G. A shrub of 3 or -A fcet,
hoary -with a ch)se stelhite tomentimi, the pedicels and cal^^x
thickly covered with a much looser wool consisting- of branched hairs.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse, entire, ilat or with revolute margins,
contracted into a very short petiole, 1 to 2 in. long-. Flowers " red,"
solitary on pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx-seg-ments narrow,
scarcely imbricate, ^ in. long-. Corolla woolly-pubescent outside, only
seen very imperfeet. Ovary narrow, g-hibrous.

^V. Australia. Murchison river, OUjicld. The specimens are very bad, and I
have been unable to ascertain the tiue structure of the ovary or the form of the coroUa.

6. E. Maitlandi, F. Miuil. A tall erect shrub, hoary or white all
over with a soft dense but close or scarcely floccose tomentum.
Leaves linear-hmceolate, entire, contracted at the base but scarcely
petiolate, 1 to 2 in. long', coriaceous, hoary-tomentose even when old.
Pedicels solitary, about | in. long-. Calj-x-seg-ments oblong--lanceohite,
rather obtuse, not overlapping-, 8 to 9 lincs long-, tomentose outside,
more g-labrous inside. Corolla broad, above 1 in. long-, sligiitly
pubescent outside, the lobes not seen perfect. Ovary acuminate,
giabrous, with 2 pairs of ovules in each cell.

^V. Australia. Sharks Bay, Maitland Brown, Jlilne, the specimens all very
imperfect.

Sect. n. Eremocosmos. — Calyx-seg-ments not at all or scarcely
overlapping" at the base, more or less enlarg-ed veined and scarious
after llowering'. Ovary witli 2 to 4 pairs or in two species with only
1 pair of ovules in each cell. Fruit where known dry, the endocarp
separating- into distinct pyrenes.

This might be considered as tlie typical Eremophila, and in most species the flowei"8
and fruit are so different from tliose of Stenochilus, that it seems difKcult to unile thein
in one gonus, were it not that in other species the several characters are vcry diiferently
combined. iJoth the original Eremophilas of Brov\Ti are exceptional in having but
one pair of ovules to each cell of the ovary, and one of them, E. alternifolia, in the
over lapping calyx-segments and deeply separated lowest coro la-lobe, is closely con-
nected ^\ith Stenocldlas, uuder which I have classed it, althoiigh it has the fruit ot
Eremocosmos. There are too many species in wliich the ripe fruit is unknown, to
adiuit of its structure beiiig taken at present as an absolute sectional character.

7. E. rotundifolia, F. MudJ. Frafim. i. 207. Hoary with a close
tomentum and giandular-tuberculate. Leaves nearly orbicular, or broader
than long-, 3 to 4 lines diameter, thick, often complicate, with a short
recurved, obtuse point, abruptly contracted at the base into a short

c 2

20 xc, MYOPORiNE^. [EmnopMla.

broad petiole. Calyx-seg-ments oblono--spatliulate or almost obovate,
about o lines lonpr. ^ Corolla not seen. Unrij)e fruit hoary-])ubcscent,
oblono-, almost perfectly i-celled, and apparently separable into distinct
pyreues.

S. Australia. N.W. inteiior, M'Douall Stiiarfs E.rpeditwn, described from
niere Iragments in herb. F. Mueller, and of very doubtful affinity.

8. E. oppositifolia, R. Br. Prod. 518, A small elegant spread-
ing- tree of L'U to ;3U ft. {A. Cunfi.), or a tall sbrub, quite g-labrous or
the young' shoots hoary or yellowish Avith a close minute tomentum.
Leaves scattered or here and there opposite, linear-lanceolate, acumi-
nate and often ending; in a hooked point, contracted into a short
petiole, 1 to 2 in, long-. Flowers solitary in the axils, on pedicels of
2 to 8 lines. Calyx-segTiients oblong--spathulate, 6 to 8 lines long-,
much contracted below the middle, Corolla nearly 1 in. long-, glabrous
outside and in, the tube incurved, the lobes all short and obtuse, the
2 upper ones more united and tlie lowest broader than the others.
Stamens as long- as the corolla, or the long-est pair shortly exserted.
Ovary shortly villous, with one pair of ovules only in each cell. Fruit
not seen quite ripe, but appears either to open in 4 valves leaving- the
central placenta with 4 })endulous seeds, or to separate into 4 dry cocci,
the central placenta at lengtli splitting- into 4. — A. DC. Prod. xi. 712 ;
F. Muell. in Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. iii. 294, and Rep, Babb. Exped. 10 ;
E. arhorcsccns, A. Cunn. ; F. Muell. in Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. iii. 293 ;

E. Cunninghaviii, R. Br. App. Sturt. Exped. 21 ; Eremodenclron Cun-
ninghamn, A. DC. Prod. xi. 713.

N. S. ^Vales. Barren wasteB near the termination of tbe Lachlan river, A. Cun-
ningkam ; deserts of the Murray and Darling, Victorian Expedition; Mouut Mur-
chison, Bonney.

Victoria. Murray river towards the junction with the Murrumbidgee, F. 3Iueller.

S. Australia. Head of Speiicers Gulf, B. Broion; Ekler's and Flinders' Eanges,

F. Mudltr. Lakes Gregory, Hart, Campbell, &c., Bahbages E.i-j.erUtlon.

The specific name is unfortunately chosen, for the leaves are usually alternate, and
rarely as oppusite as in the original imperfect specimens.

9. E. Paisleyi, F. Muell. liep. Bahb. Exped. 17. Very similar to the

narrow-loaved specimens of E. MitchcUi, with the same liabit and gla-

brous linear-lanceolate leaves, but the flowers are smaller on very short

pedicels and usually several tog-etlier in axillary clusters as in Myoporum.

Calyx g-landular-])ubescent, the seg-ments shortly united at the base

and not overlapping-, narrow^-oblong-, obtuse, and 2 lines long- at the

time of iiowering-, afterwards eularg-ed, obovate-oblong-, very obtuse

and 3 lines long-, thin and veined. Corolla about i in. long-, pubescent

outside, scarcely hairy inside, the tube c^dindrical" at the base, dilated

upwards, the 4 upper lobes ovate, obtuse, about half as long- as the tube,

the lowest rather long-er and twice as broad as the others. Stamens

included. Ovary slightly hairy, tapering- u])wards, with only one pair of

ovules in each cell at the top of the rather long- cavity. Fruit not seeu

ri])e, but a])])arently that of the section Ercmocosmos.

S. Australia. Mayerte, Lake Gaii-dner, Babbage. The clustered pedicels are quite
exceptional in the genus.

Eirmi)phiht.\ XC. MYOPORINE^E. 21

10. E. Sturtii, R. Br. App. Stnrt. Exped. 22. An erect very much
brauched ytroiig--sconted and viscid shrub of several ft., g-labrous or
very minutely hoary-pubescent. Leaves narrow linear, usually ending-
in a hooked point, entire, contracted at the base and often petiolate,
rarely above 1 in. long-. Flowers '' puri)Hsh," numerous but solitary in
each axil, on pedicels of 3 to 4 lines. Calyx-seg-ments obovate or oblong-,
membranous and rather rigid, obtuse, coloured and veined, rather
variable in shape and size but usually attaining- 4 or 5 hnes when the
flowering- is over, Corolla pubescent, about | in. long-, the narrow
base of the tube short, the upper part broadly campanulate, bearded
inside, the 4 upper lobes short broad and obtuse, the 2 uppermost more
united than the others, the middle lowest lobe larg-er and broader than
the others, notched or 2-lobed and woolly inside. Stamens included.
Ovary very villous with 2 or 3 pairs of ovules to each cell. Fruit when
Toung- hke that of E. Mitchelli but not acuminate, not seen quite
ripe.— F. Muell. in Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. iii. 294 and Rep. Babb.
Exp. 17.

N. S. "Wales. Deserts of the Lachlan and Darling to the Barrier Range, Victo-
rian and other EcpeJitions.

S. Australia. Sturt ; between Stoke's Range and Cooper's Ckh^. HowitVs Ex-
pedition.

The species scarcely difFers from E. Mitchelli, except in its smaller fiower and narrower
leaves.

11. E. Mitchelli, Bcnth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 31. A tall shrub or
sniall tree of 10 to 30 ft., glabrous viscid and strong-ly-scented.
Leaves linear-lanceohite, obtuse or with a hooked point, entire, con-
tracted into a petiole, 1-nerved, 1 to 2 in. long-. Flowers soHtary in
the axils, on pedicels of 3 to 4 hnes. Calyx-seg-ments oblong- or
cuneate-oblong-, obtuse, membranous, veined, g-labrous or pubescent on
the edg-es, 4 to 5 lines long-. CoroDa about f in. long-, the cyhndrical
part of the tube about 2 Hnes, the broad part above twice as long-, the
middle lower lobe broader than the others, shortly 2-lobed, wooUy
inside. Stamens shorter than the coroUa. Ovary very woolly, with 3
or 4 superposed pairs of ovules in each cell. Fruit ovoid, almost
acuminate, half as long- as the calyx, the exocarp thin and mem-
branous, the endocarp separatin»' into 4 nuts each with 1 or with 2
superposed seeds. — F. Muelh in Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. in. 294, and Rep.
Babb. Exped. 17.

Queensland. Elevated stony lands on the Bogan, Narran, Maranoa, Beljando,
&c., Mitchell ; Port Denison, Fitzalan, DaUacht/; Rocklianipton, llwzet and others ;
tfuttor river, Fitzalan, Sutherland; Arniadilla, Barton; Darliiig Downs, Lau.

N. S. 'Wales. Lachlan river, A. Cunningham; between the Bogan and Lachhin,
L. Morton ; Castlereagh, Woolls.

12. E. Clarkii, F. Muell. Frafjm. i. 208. An erect shrub, attaining-
G to 8 ft., usuaUy glabrous and often glaucous. Leaves Hnear or
Hnear-hmceohite, entire or with rather distant serratures, contracted
into a short petiole, 1 to 2 in. long-. Pedicels soHtary or 2 tog-ether,
\ to 1 in. long-, spreading- and usually incurved and dilated at the end.
Calyx-seg-ments broadly lanceolate, acute, \ in. long- when in flower,

22 xr. my<)I'orixe;e. [Eirmoijhihi.

1 in. or niore wlien in fruit, not at all or scarcely overlappin^ at tlie
base. Corolla " pale purple," slig-litly pubescent, above 1 in. lon»-,
tlie tubo scarcely constricted above the ovary, broad and slightly
incurved, the lobes all broad, the 2 upperniost niore united and very
obtuse, tlie hUeral onos more acute, the middle hjwer one broader thau
the others. Stamens inchided. Ovary g-h^nduh»r-dotted and very
hirsute, with 2 pairs of ovuh^s in each celL Fruit hirsute wath long-
hairs, ovatc, ratlier acute, much shorter than the calyx, dry and like
that of E. altcrnifoUa^ but not seen Cjuite ripe.

W. Australia. Jlurcliison river, Olilfidd ; Sharks Bay, Maitland Broicn.

13. E. Latrobei, F. Mmll. in Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. iii. 294, Rep. Bdbb.
Expcd. 17, uiul Fraf/iii. i. 125, t. 8. An erect much-branched shrub,
attaining- 10 ft., more or less clothed with a chise hoary minutely
steUate tomentum, rarely almost glabrous, usually also g-hmduhir-
tubercidate. Leaves hnear or narrow-hmceohite, llat or with recurved
marg-ins, obtuse or rarely aciite, entire, contracted into a short petiole,
■i to 1 in. loug- or rather more. Pedicels solitary, rarely exceeding- \ in.
Calyx-seg-ments hmceohite, acute, not at all or scarcely overlapping- at
the base, under | in. long- when in flower, attainin^ sometimes f in.
in fruit. Corolla about 1 in. long* "■ spotted," g-hibrous outside, the
tube broad incurved not contracted above the ovary, the lobes ahnost
acute, the 4 upper ones erect and nearly erpial, the lowest often shorter
and separated to near the middle of the corolla. Stamens exserted.
Ovar}' g-hxbrous, narrow^-conical, with 2 pairs of ovules to each celL
Drupe nearly dry, ovoid-conical, 4 to 5 hnes long-, readily spHtting- into

2 or 4 at the top, the endocarp sometimes readih' separating- mto 4 nuts.
— E. tiihcrculatu, F. MueU. in Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. iii. 294.

N. Australia. SturfsCrcek aiid Newcastle Range, F. Mueller ; between Strang-
ways rivur aiul Uupcrt'8 Range, ^f^Douall Stuart.

Queensland. Siittor, Burdekin, aud Mackenzie rivers, F. Mueller.

N. S. 'XVales. Darling de^ert, Barton, and thence to the Barrier Eange, Vietorian
and other E.cpeditions.

S. Australia. Cooper'R Creek, HowitVs E.rpedition ; Tbomson river, A. C. Gre-
gori); head of the Great Australian Bight, Belisser. The coroUa approacbes that of
/Stenochilus, but tbe calyx and fruit are tbose of Eremocosnios.

Sect. 3. Platycalyx. — Calyx campanuhate, divided to the middle
only into 5 lobos. Flowers and fruits of Platijchilu.s.

14. E. Macdonellii, F. Mucll. Pep. Bal)h. E.rpcd. 18. A branching-
shrub, ap])arently diifiise, sometimes cpiite g-hibrous, more frecpiently
clothed with a hoary or white chjse stellate or phimose tomentum, or
with h)ng- sprcading- hairs, or with both. Leaves oblong'-Hnear or
lancoohito, obtuse or acuto, contractod at the base but scarcely petio-
late, raroly jd)ovo \ in. long-. Podicels solitary, \ to above i- i*n. long-.
Calyx campanuhito, with acute or acuminato lobes about as long- as the
tube, which is sometimes })rominontly anglod and membranous, some-
tinios more herbacoous and tomentose without prominent ribs, the
whole calyx varying- from 4 to 8 or even 9 lines long-. Corolla
*'blueish," glubrous outside, 1 to l^ iu. long-, the tube not constricted

Eirmophila.] XC. MVOPORiNEiE. 23

above the ovary and inucli dilated upwards, tlie lobes all broad and
nearly | in. loug-, the upper ones more united, the three lower niore
spreading-, the h)west rather broader than the others but not notched.
Stamens inchuled. Ovary narrow, glanduhir-dotted and tipped with a
few hairs, with '2 pairs of ovules in each celL Fruit very succulent,
ovoid-globose, acute, not seen ripe but ah*eady as long* as the some-
what enhirg-ecl cah'x.

S. Australia. Cooper's Creek, WrigJit ; Wills Creek, HowiWs Expedition ; Lake
Gregory and othiT parts ofthe iiiterior, Bahbages ancl JI'I)ouall Siuarfs Expeditions ;
towards Spencer's Gult', Wurhurton.

The calyx of this species is exceptional in the whole Order of Myoporineae.

Sect. 4. Platychilus. — Calyx-seg"ments much imbricate at the
base (except in the first two species) the outer ones usually broader.
Corolla-lobes all broad and obtuse or the upper ones scarcely acute.
Stamens included or scarcely exserted. Ovules in two or three super-
posed pairs in each cell of the ovary. Fruit (of Stenochilus) succulent,
with a thick bony putamen, not separating- into pyrenes.

15. E. graciliflora, F. Muell. Fmgm. i, 208. A shrub of several
feet, the young' shoots more or less hoary-tomentose, the adult leaves
usually gdabrous. Leaves hnear-lanceolate, acutely acuminate and the
points sometimes incurved, quite entire, contracted into a petiole, 1 to
2| in. long-. Pedicels soHtary, under \ in. long-. Calyx-seg-ments
linear-lanceohite, not overhipping- at the base, scarcely exceeding- 3
lines when in flower, broader 6 to 8 lines long- and acute when in fruit.
Corolla " red," more slender than in most species, scarcely incurved,
under 1 in. long-, sprinkled with short spreading- hairs, the tube not
contracted above the ovary, g-radually but not much enlarg'ed upwards,
the lobes nearly ecpial, oval-oblong-, obtuse, the 2 upper ones rather
more united than the others. Stamens included ; anther-cells narrow.
Ovary oblong-, g-landular-dotted, glabrous, with 2 pairs of ovules in
each cell. Drupe small, dry, depressed-gdobular, the putamen hard.

^fl. Australia. ilurchisou liver, Oldfield,

16. E. longifolia, F. Muell. in Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. iii. 295. A tall
erect shrub, the young- shoots minutely hoary-tomentose, the older
foliag-e nearly gdabrous and often drying- black. Leaves scattered,
linear or almost linear-lanceolate, obtuse or tapering- into a recurved
point, rather thick but flat, 2 to 4 or even 5 in. long-, contracted into a
short petiole. Pedicels solitary or 2 tog-ether, varying- in length from
2 or 3 lines to \ in., stout or slender, erect or spreading*. Calyx-
segments triang-ular or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, rarely 2 lines
long-, united at the base and scarcely overlapping-, usually woolly-ciliate
on the margins. Corolla velvety-pubescent outside, f to 1 in. long",
the tube gibbous at the base, contracted over the ovary, the remainder
much dilated and slig-htly incurved, the lobes all ovate and obtuse the
two uppermost rather smaller and the lowest often but not always more
deeply separated than the others. Stamens shortly exserted. Ovary
thick and tieshy, with 2 pairs of ovules in each cell. Fruit ovoid or

24 xc. MYOPoniXE.E. [Eirmophila.

g-lobular, very succulent, with a tliick hard putainen, completely
4-celleil and not separating- into pyrenes. — Stmnchihis hmfiifolim, R. Br.
Prod. ol7 and App. Sturt. Exped. 23; A. DC. Prod. xi. 714; S. sali-
cinu.-i, Bentli. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 251 and S. pubijtorus, Benth.
1. c. 273.

N. Australia. Sturt'8 Creek, F. Mueller ; in the interior, WDouall Stuarfs Ex-
pedition.

Queensland. Suttor river, F. Mueller, Boioman (the latter with smaller flowers and
fruit), Sutlierland ; Belyando river, Mitchell; Armadilla, Barton ; Dariing downs, Lau.

N. S. VTales. Lachlan river to Liverpool Plains and all the brushi-s of the inte-
rior, A. Cunningham, Fraser; from the Slurray and Darling to the liarrier Range,
Victorian and other Expeditions.

Victoria. Murray and Avoca rivers, and Lake Hindmarsh, F. MueUer; Wimmera,
Dallachy.

S. Australia. Spencer's Gulf, R. Brown; S. coast, Sturt; N. of Adelaide, IVhit-
iaker.

\ir. Anstralia. Swan river, Drummond ; Murchison river, Oldfield.

17. E. Drummondii, F. Muell. Frdf/m. vi. 147. An erect, virgate,
much-branched phrul), g;labrous and more or less g'hitinous. Leaves
alternate, hnear-fihform, obtuse or with a short straig'ht or incurved
point, usually about 1 in. but sometimes nearly 2 in. long-. Pedicels
solitary or 2 tog'ether, often above | in. long-. Calyx-segnnents very
much imbricate, hmceohite or ovate-hmceohite, acute, nearly 3 lines
long". Corolla g-hibrous outside, incurved, 7 to 9 lines long-, the cyHn-
drical base short, the broad part of the tuhe much long-er, the four upper
lobes ahnost acute, the middle lower one broader than the others, very
obtuse, pubescent inside at the base. Stamens included. Ovary gia-
brous, 2-celled, with 2 pairs of ovules in each celh Young- fruit oblong*-
conical, nearly as long- as the calyx, the putamen almost perfectly
4-celled, with 1 seed in each cell.

"W. Australia. Drummond, n. 64, with rather broad calj'x-segments, and n. 74
with the segnients still broader, almost ovate.

18. E. polyclada, F. Muell. in Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. iii. 294. A g-la-
brous shrub of 4 to 8 feet, withvery divaricate rigid intricate branches,
the smaller ones almost spinescent, the specimens usually drying- bhick.
Leaves mostly very spreading-, distant, linear or narrowly linear-lan-
ceolate, acute, entire, narrowed at the base, 1 to 2 in. long-. Pedicels
solitary, often recurved, 2 to 4 lines long-. Calyx-seg-ments much
imbricate, broad, obtuse or acuminate, with spreading- or recurved
points. Corolhi glabrous outside, | to 1 in. long-, the t\ibe broad,
almost campanulate, g-radually enhirg-ed from the base and not con-
tracted above the ovnry, tlie lobes all very broad, tlie 2 upper ones
more united and the middle hnver one twice as broad as the others and
emarg-inate, the whole corolla bearded inside especiallv under the uj^per
lobes. Stamens scarcely exserted from the tube, shorter than the lobes.
Ovary oblong", glabrous, with 2 pairs of ovules to each cell. Fruit
tapering- into a beak exceeding- the calyx, but not seen quite ripe. —
Pholidia poJi/chida, ¥. Muell. in Hook.'Kew Journ. viii. 201, and iu
Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 47.

ErfimphUa.] XC. MYOPORINE^. 25

Queensland. Desprt on tlie Suttor, F. Mueller, Sutherland ; Cape liver, Bow-
man ; Cuniwilligliie, Dalton.

N. S. Wales. Daiiing ancl Murray desert, F. Miceller, Victorian and other Ex-
peditions.

S. Australia, Great niarsh of the intorior, Sturt.

The species is nearly allied to E. hignonicefiora, differing chiefly in the narrow lcaves
and tapeiing ovary and fruit.

19. E. bignoniseflora, F. Mucll. in Proc. R. Soc. Ta.wi. iii. 294 and
Pl. Vict. ii. t. 00. A strong--scented tall shrub or small tree, quite
glabrous and often g-lutinous. Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, entire, contracted into a sliort petiole, 2 to 6 in. long.
Pedicels solitary, \ to |- in. long-, more or less llattened, often recurved,
but not turned up ag-ain. Calyx-seg-ments imbricate at tlie base, ovate,
obtuse or rarely acute, thickened in the middle, 2 to 3 lines long-.
CoroHa gUibrous outside, about 1 in. long-, scarcely contracted above
the ovary, the tube gradually elilarg-ed from the base, the lobes all
broad and short, the 2 uppermost more united, the lowest twice as
broad as the others and 2-lobed. Stamens shortly exserted from the
tube but shorter than the corolla-lobes. Ovary 2-celled with 2 pairs of
ovules to each cell. Drupe ovate, acute, | in. long' or more, succulent,
the putamen hard and bony, more or less completely 4-celled. — Stcno-
chilus hignonicefioruSj Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 380.

WT. Australia. Sturt's Creek and Gilbert river, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Balonne river, Mitchell; Suttor river, Boioman, Sutherland ; llock-
haniptun, Ilerb. F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Murray and Darling desert, Dallachy and Goodwin.
Victoria. Muiray desert, Irvine.

20. E. Freelingii, F. Muell. in Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. iii. 295. An
erect shrub, more or less hoary-tomentose and g"lutinous or the foliag'e
at length g-labrous. Leaves crowded, lanceolate, acute, entire, con-
tracted into a rather long- petiole, f to l^ in. long-. Peduncles solitary,
mostly 2 to 3 lines long-. Calyx-seg"ments much imbricate, ovate or
lanceolate, rather acute or acuminate, not dilated upwards, tlie outer-
most usually mucli broader and larg-er tlian the inner ones. Corolla
above 1 in. long*, pubescent outside, the tube constricted above the
ovary, then enlarg-ed, the 4 upper lobes rather broad and acute, the
2 uppermost more united than the others, the middle lower lobe broader
and obtuse. Stamens included. Ovary ovoid, with 2 or 3 pairs of ovules
in each cell, suspended from short broad llat erect superposed funi-
cles. Drupe not seen perfect, apparently nearly drj^, with a 4-celled
putamen.

S. Australia. Lake Torrens, IlowitVs Expedition; between Stoke's Eange and
Cooper's Creek, Wheehr (both with tlie calyx 2 to 3 lines long) ; near Lake T'onens,
Hawke.r in Freeling^s Expedition (with the outer calyx-^egments above 4 in. long, and
the corolla also large).

21. E. Goodwinii, F. MucU. Pcp. Bahh. Expcd. 1?. A shrub of
several feet, more or less glandidar and viscid and often hirsute with
spreading- hairs whicli are rarely wanting- on the calyxes and pedicels.
Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, entire, scarcely

5?() xc. MVoroHiNK.E. [Ereimphild.

coiitracted or even dilated at the base aud ses.^ile, tlie midrib often very
proniinent underneatli, inostly 1 to nearly 2 in. lonjz'. Pedicels solitary,
A to 1 in. long- or even more. Cah'x-se_iiments inuch imbricate, lanceo-
fate, very aeute, 4 to 8 lines long-, the outer one usually broader and
tlie 2 innermost smaller than the others. Corolla more or less pubes-
cent outside, f to above 1 in. long-, tlie lobes broad, obtuse or shortly
acute, the 2 uppermost more united, the middle lowest lobe scareely
broader than the others. Stamens included. Ovary shortly ovoid,
very hairy, with 2 pairs of ovules in each cell. Fruit very obtuse or
retuse, liairy, 4 to 5 lincs long-, very tliick witli a tliick bony 4-celled
pntanien.

N. S. TVales. Darling river and Mount ^Murchison, Dallachy nnd Goodwhi.
S. Australia. N.W. intcrinr, Mount Freeling. &c., M'Douall Sluarl'3 Expedl-
tion; Lctwcen Stoke'» Kange and Cooper'8 Creek, Wheeler.

22. E. Willsii, F. Miirll. Fraf/in. iii.21, t. 20. Branches and foliage
more or le.-<s covered with a o-janduhir rust-coloured pubescence and
somewhat g-hitinous. Leaves obovate-oblong", obtuse or alniost acute,
entire or serrulate, contracted at the base but not petiohite, about 1 in.
long-. Pedicels solitary, liispid, short. Cah'x-seg'ments much imbri-
cate, ^ to I in. long- and enhirg'ing' after flowering, the outermost ahnost
ovjite, tlie innermost narrow, all acute. Corolhi ghibrous, or shghtly
pnbescent ontside, " bhie," the h)bes ah broad obtuse or very shortly
acute, tlie middle lower one rather broader than the others. Stamens
inchided. Ovary narrow, densely tomentose, witli 2 pairs of ovules in
eacli ceh. Fruit not seen.

N. Australia. Finke river, M'Douall StuarVs Ej^edition.

23. E. platycalyx, F. Mncll. Frapm. v. 109. A shrub of about 10
feet, more or less hoary-tomentose or almost glabrous, the branches
often glanduhir-verrucose. Lcaves hinceohite, broad or narrow, taper-
ing" into a sliort petiole, entire and rather thick, above 1 in. long'.
("tilyx-scgments mucli imbricate, ahiiost hke those of an Ipomrea, ovah
obh)ng- in tlie bud rjither thick and very obtuse, but as the flower
expands very soon enlarging-, ahnost orbicuhir, thin, coloured and
veined, attsiining- J in. diameter. Corolhi g-hibrous outside, above 1 in.
hjng', the tiibe Ijrotid, shg-litly constricted above tlie ovary, tlie lobes all
broad. Stamens inchided. Ovary obhjng-, tapering- upwards, shglitly
glanduhir-tomentose or g-labrous, with 2 pairs of ovules in eacli ceh.

W. Australia. Drummond ; Sharks Bay and 300 miles up Murcliison river,
3faitl(t)«f liroirn.

24. E. viscida, Endl. Nov. Stirp. Bcc. Wi. Ghilirous :ind ghitinous.
Leaves ehiptical-hinceokite, entire, IJ to 2 in. hmg-, 4 to 5 hnes broad.
Peihincles soHtary or 2 tog-etlier, 0 hnes hjng-, dihited uiider the flowers.
Calyx-segments o])ovate, obtiise, enhirged scarious and veined wheii in
fruit and tlien 5 lines h)ng- iind 4 broad. Coroha-tube broad, 5 hnes
long-, the loltes ah liroad ol)tuse 3 lines long-, the 2 uppermost more
united in tin upper lip. Stamens mucli exserted. Drupe small. — DC.
Prod. xi. 712 j F. Muell. in Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. iii. 294.

Ureniophila.] xc. myoporine^. 27

W. Australia. lioe. I have iiot examiued this species ; from the ahove descriplinn
abridged frotn Endliclier's it appears to be near E. jylati/cahjx, but with long exsei ted
stauiens. The only speclmen 1 have seen ^in the Herbarium of the Imperial Botaiiic
Garden at Vienna) has no corolla.

Sect. 5. Stenochilus. — Calyx-seg'ments imbricate at the base,
iisually enlarn-ed after llowering-. Corolla 4 upper lobes short and
acute, the fifth lowest more deeply separated and sometimes narrow.
Stamens exserted (except in E. altcrn[folin). Ovules 2 or 3 pairs or
rarely only 1 pair in each cell of the ovary. Drupe usually succulent,
with a thick bony putamen not separating- into pyrenes.

25. E. Brownii, F. Mnell. in Proc. B. Soc. Tasm. iii. 297. A shrub
attaining- sometimes several feet, rarely quite g'hibrous, more frequently
with the branches and young- shoots and sometimes the adult foliag-e
hoary or white with a close ahnost mealy tomentum. Leaves hmceo-
late or rarely elliptical oblong- or cuneate, obtuse or acute, entire or very
rarely marked with a few serratures, contracted into a petiole, very
variable in size, most frequently f to 1 in. long-, but in some specimens
all under J in. and crowded. Pedicels soHtary, usually shorter than
the calyx. Flowers "yellow, red, or with these colours variously
mixed." Calyx-seg"ments imbricate, broadly or narrowly lanceolate,
acuminate or almost obtuse, varying- from scarcely above 1 line to above
3 lines long-, the outer ones usually larg-er than the inner. Corolla
g-labrous or slig-htly pubescent outside, usually about 1 in. but in some
specimens only 8 or 9 lines long-, the tube constricted above the ovary,
then dilated and incurved, the 4 upper lobes short narrow and acute,
with sometimes an accessory one between the 2 uppermost, the lowest
lobe narrow, rolled back, separated to about the middle of the corolla.
Stamens exserted, usually long\ Ovary with 2 pairs of ovules to each
cell. Fruit ovoid or almost g'lobular, succulent, 4 to 5 lines diameter
when perfect, the putamen hard, almost perfectly 4-celled with 1 seed
in each cell. — StenocMlus qlaher, R. Br. Prod. 517; A. DC. Prod. xi
714; Endl. IconogT. t. 92; Bot. Mag-. t. 1942; Bot. Reg-. t. 572; S.
viscosus, Grah. in Edinb. Phil. Journ.vi. 387 and in Bot. Mag*. t. 2930
A. DC. Prod. xi. 715 ; Eremophila Grahami, F. Muell. in Proc. R. Soc
Tasm. iii. 297 ; S. ocliroleucus A. Cunn. (<S'. maculati var. A. DC), A. DC
Prod. xi. 715 ; S. alhicans and S. suhcanescens Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 351
A. DC. 1. c. ; Eremophila albicans, F. Muell. in Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. iii
297 ; S. incanvs, Lindl. Bot. Reg'. 1839, Misc. 70 ; Eremophila incana
F. Muell. in Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. iii. 297.

Queensland. Between Warrego and the Maranoa, Barton.

N. S. 'Wales. Lachlan river, PeeFs Range, &c., A. Cimninfjham ; from the
Laclilan, ^Munay, and Uarlingto the Bariier Eange, Victorian and other Expeditions.

Victoria. Alurray dcsert, F. Miieller ; Wimmera, Pallwhi/.

S. Australia. Fowier's Bay, and head of Spencer's Gulf. B Brovm, from the
]\Iurray to St. Viricent's and Spciicer's Gulf, and Lake Torrens i^. Muelltr and others ;
Kanjano island, Waterliouse ; L,ike Gairdner, Bahbage.

"W. Australia. P^rom Swan river to the northwaid, Drummond, \st coll. n. 441,
442, Preiss. n. 2303, 2304, 2318, i^ro-.scr aud others ; Murchison river, OJdfidd ; Sharks
Bay, Milne, Maitlond Brown ; rhillips and Fitzgerald river, dlaxivell.

This the typical Stenochilus f:om which the following species diverge more or less,

28 xr. myoporixk.t:. [EmnophUn.

connectin? it witli fhe otlier sections o{ JiJrem /pJiila, is itself exceedingly variabie, from
cottany wliite all over to pcrfeotly giabnms, as well as in the siiape of tiie leav- s anti size
of the lcaves and flowers. The foliowing appears almost deserving to be reckoned a distinct
Bpecies : —

Var. viridijlora, F. Mucll. Diffuse, with sniall crowded leaves and small flower",
viscid, pubescent and greeii. Tlie lower lobe smaller than in the typical forui. W. Aus-
tralia, Drummond, {2nd coll. ?) n. 162 ; Upper Kalgan river, jf^. Mueller.

20. E. subfloccosa, Bcnth. Youno- slioots thiekly covered w\X\\ a
loose pluinose almosr tioccose tomentum, Avearing- oli" from the older
leaves. Leaves crowded, elliptical-ohlong', obtuse, entire, contracted at
the base but sessile or nearly so, h in. long- or rather more, rather
thick, the older ones a])parently g-lutinous. Flower solitary, sessile or
nearly so, long-er than the leaves. Calyx-segments much imbricate,
narrow, acute, loosely tomentose, 3 lines long- or rather more, the
outer ones linear-lanceolate, the inner narrow-linear. Corolla g-labrous
outside or sprinkled with short hairs, 7 to 8 lines long-, slig-htly con-
stricted above the ovarv, then incurved and enlarg-ed, the 4 upper lobes
small and acute, the lowest one much shorter, also acute. Stamens
exserted. Ovary g-hibrous, with only one pair of ovules in each cell.
V^. Australia. In the interior, Boe, also Drummond {in herh. F. Muell.)

27. E. Oldfieldii, F. MucU. Fragm. i. 208. An erect shrub of
several feet, or small tree of 10 feet {Oldfield), g-labrous and probably
g-lutinous, or the branchlets and young- shoots minutely hoary. Leaves
linear or lanceolate, acute or almost obtuse, entire, contracted into a
petiole, llat but rather thick, 1 to 2 in. long- or rarely more. Flowers
" red with a yellow base," solitary, on pedicels of \ to \ in. Calyx-
seg-ments much imbricate, oblong-, from ahnost cuneate to lanceolate,
obtuse or acute, 3 to 4 lines long- at the time of llowering-, enhirging
to \ in. or more. CoroUa g-hd)rous outside or nearly so, about | in.
long-, the tube broad from the base and scarcely constrieted above the
ovarv, the lobes all ol)tuse or scarcely acute, the 4 upper ones short,
the lowest broadly oblong- and separate to near the middle of the
corolla. Stamens more or less exserted. Ovary short, obtuse,
glabrous, with 2 or 3 pairs of ovules in each cell.

W. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield; Sharks Bay, Milne.

28. E. Duttoni, F. MueU. Rep. Bahb. Expcd. 16. An erect g-lutinous
shrub, g-labrous or the young: shoots slig-htly tomentose. Leaves
narrow-lanceolate, entire, tapering- into a long-'acute point, contracted
at the base but scarcely petiolate, 1 to 2 in. long". Pedicels solitarv,
i^^in. long- or more, very spreading- and turned up towards the end!
Flowers " orang-e-red." Calyx-seg-ments ovate, aeute or acuminate,
and 4 to 6 lines long- at the time of ilowering-, afterwards often en-
hiro-ea,, broad, coloured, almost scarious and veined. Corolla usually
g-labrous outside, slig-htly bearded inside, 1 to l^ in. long-, the tube
constrieted above the ovary, then enlarg-ed and slightly curved, the
4 u])i)er lobes short and acute, the lowest oblong-, obtuse, separate to
about l of the corolla. Stamens exserted. Ovary o-labrous or slightly
g-landular-pubescent, with a pair of ovules to each cell. Fruit suc-

Ercmuphila.] XC. MYOPORINE^. 29

culont, shinino-, sliorter than tlie enhirg-ed calyx, the putamen hard and
hony, nsually 4-celled, with one seed in each celL

N. S. Wales. Near thc Ban-ier Range, Victorian Expedition; Mount Murcliison,
Bonney.

S. Australia. Cooper's Creck, Wright; Nortbern interior, 3PDouall Stuart.

29. E. maculata, F. Mudl. in Proc. i?. Soc. Tasm. iii. 297. A tall
shrub, with rig-id divaricate hranclies, more or less hoary-tomentose or
pubescent, the adult foliaye usually g-hibrous. Leaves mostly hm-
ceolate, varying- however from elliptical-oblong- to linear, acute or
obtuse, entire, contracted into a petiole, rarely above 1 in. long-, tiat
and g-reen on both sides or hairy when young*. Pedicels solitary,
often above h in. long-, very spreading- or retlexed but turned up ag-ain
under the flowers. Calyx-seg-ments much imbricate and ovate at the
base, acuminate, 2 to 3 lines long- or more. Corolla g-labrous outside,
" red, more or less varieg-ated Avith yellow or quite yellow," 1 in. long-
or more, the broad tube constricted above the ovary, the upper part
slightly incurved and not much dilated, the 4 upper lobes short and
acute, the lowest one narrow, recurved, separated to below the middle
of the corolla. Stamens usually but perhaps not always exserted.
Ovary g-habrous, with 2 or 3 pairs of ovules to each celL Fruit ovoid-
g-lobular, shortly acuminate, above h in. diameter, very succulent,
Avith a hard bony putamen, completely 2-celled and less perfectly
4-celled. Seeds small, without so niuch albumen as in some species. —
Stenochilus inaculatus, Ker. in Bot. Reg*. t. 647 ; R. Br. App. Sturt.
Exped. 23 ; S. racemosus EndL Nov. Stirp. Dec. 50 ; A. DC. Prod. xi.
?15; S. curvipes, Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 221.

N. Australia. Attack Creek, MDouall Stuarfs E.cpecUtion.

Queensland. Warrepo river, 3Iifchell ; Isaacs and Fitzroy rivers, Bowman and
ofhers ; Curriewillighie, Dalton; Darling Downs, Lau.

N. S. Wales. Lachlan river, A. Cnnningham ; Murray, Darling, and Lachlan
rivers to the Banier Range, Victorian andother Expeditions ; Junction of the Murray
and Murrumbidgee, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Murray river, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Murray river towards Moriunda, F. Mueller.

Var. brevifolia. Leaves oblong or obovate-oblong, very obtuse, mostly about ^ in.
long.

N. Australia. Hammersiey Ranges, N.W. coast, Maitland Brown.

N. Australia. Murchison river, 300 miles above the Geraldine, Oldfield; 100
miles E. of Tork, Roe.

30. E. denticiilata, F. Muell. Fra/jm. i. 125. A shrub of several
feet, g-labrous or nearly so and g-lutinous. Leaves lanceolate ovate-
lanceohite or oblong--elliptical, acute or acuminate, entire or serrulate,
contracted into a rather long- petiole, 1 to 2 in. long-. Pedicels solitary,
^ to 1 in. long-, very spreading" and incurved under the flowers. Calyx-
seg-ments much imbricate at tlie base, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
acute or acuminate, 2 to 4 lines long-. Corolla " red," g"labrous outside,
about 1 in. lono-, slig-htly constricted above the ovary, but broad even
there, and enlarg-ed and incurved upwards, the 4 upper lobes very
small and acute, the lowest lobe narrow, recurved, separated to below
the middle of the coroUa. Stamens exserted. Ovary rather short,

30 xc. MYOPOiUNEJi. [Eremophila.

ovoid, «'labrous, Avitli ouly one })air of ovules to each cell. Drupe suc-
culent, but uot seeu ri|)e.

W. Australia, Drummond ; riiillips river and sand Innnmocks, Eyre's Kclief,
Maxwell.

31. E. latifolia, F. Mnrll. in IJnim-a, xxv. 428, and iii Proc. li. Soc.
Tn.w). iii. 2U;3. A spreadiug- slirub of 2 to 3 ft., the young- shoots
slig-htly hoary-pubescent, otherwise g-hibrous and usually glutinous.
Leaves ovate obovate or ovate-lanceohite, obtuse, mostly denticulate
and often unduhite, contracted into a rather long- petiole, | to 1 in.
lono-. Pedicels solitary, slender, above \ in. long-, very spreading- and
curved upwards at the"cnd. Calyx-seg-ments much imbricate, broadly
ovate or obovate, obtuse, herbaceous, 3 to 4 lines long- when in flower,
enhir"ino- sometimes to 4 or 5 lines, very broad rigid and veined when
in truit, '"the outermost one often smaller than the others. Corolla
g-hm(Uilar-i)ubescent outside, f to 1 in. long-, shghtly constricted above
the ovary, then broad and incurved ; the 4 upper lobes short and acute,
tlie lowest narrow, reHexed, separated to below the middle of the
coroHa. Stamens exserted. Ovary depressed, 2-celled, with only one
pair of ovules to each celL Fruit depressed-globuhir, half as long- as
the calyx, succulent, wath a hard bony ahnost completely 4-celled
putamen. — Stenochilus serndatiis, A. Cunn. in DC. Prod. xi. 715.

N. S. ^Vales. PeeVs Range, A. Cunningham ; Lachlan and Dailing rivers to the
Barrier Ttange, Victorian and other Expeditions.

S. Australia. Near Cudnaka, F. Mueller ; Lake Gillies, Burhitt; N. interior,
31'DouaU tStuarfs F.iyedition.

W. Australia, Drummond, Harper.

32. E. alternifolia, F. Br. Prod. 518 and App. Sturt. Exped. 22.
A tall erect much-branched shrub, the young- shoots minutely hoary,
otherwise glabrous. Leaves scattered, Unear-terete, iisually ending- in a
recurved point, entire, contracted into a short petiole, rarely above 1 in.
h)ng-. Pedicels soHtary, very spreading- or reflexed but turned up at
the end. Calyx-seg-ments much imbricate, ovate or almost orbicuhir,
scarious, veined, coloured, the inner ones 3 to 4 lines long-, the 2 outcr
ones smaller. Corolla " red, spotted with purple," g-labrous outside,
I to 1 in. h)ng-, the short base of the tube ahnost globuhir, constricted
al)ove the ovary, then dilated and somewhat incurved ; the 4 upper
h)bes short and acute, the lowest lobe broader, obtuse, very spreading-
and separated to the middle of the tube. Stamens included. Ovary
glabrous, with only one pair of ovules to each cell. Fruit ovoid or
ovoid-conical, the exocarp very thin, the endocarj) readily separating-
into 4 acuminate pvrenes, with 1 seed in each. — A. DC. Prod. xi. 712 ;
F. Muoll. iu Proc.R. Soc. Tasm. iii. 294.

N. S. TVales. Darling river, Giles.

S. Avistralia. Spenccr^s CJulf, R. Brovm, Warhurton ; Murray Scnib, Behr.;
Flinders' Kangc and Lake Torrens, F. Ilneller ; Lake Giilics, Burkitt ; Lake Gairdner,
Bahbayes Expedition.

This specics has the calyx and corolla of Stenochilus, with the included stamcns and
the fruit of Eremocosmos.

Var. latifiilia, F. Muel. Leaves thick and nerveless, but flat, and 1 to l.J, lines broad.
— Head of the Great Bight, Delisser.

XCI. SELAGIXK.E. 31

Ordeu xcl SELAGINE^.

Flowers irregnilar. Caljx persistent, more or less deeply toothed or
divided into 3 to 5 lobes, or into 2 or 8 distinct sepals. Corolla with
4 or 5 lobes more or less oblirpiely declinate or rarely 2-lipped.
Stamens iisuallv 4, in pairs, inserted at tbe summit of the tube of the
coroHa and alternating" with its lower lobes ; antliers 1-celled (by the
coniluence of the 2 cells ?) Ovary free, not lobed, 2-celled with 1 pen-
dulous ovule in each cell. Style simple, undivided at the apex. Fruit
small, dry, readily separating- into two 1-seeded nuts or reduced to a
sing-le one by abortion. Seeds pendulous, albuminous ; embryo straig-ht,
with a superior radicle. — Herbs or undershrubs usually small. Leaves
alternate or rarely opposite, the lloral ones often dissimilar and reduced
to bracts. Flowers solitary within each lloral leaf, usually sessile,
forming- dense or interrupted terminal spikes.

A small extratropical Order, cliiofly South Afiican, with one northern geniis, the only
Australian species having been probahly introduced froui tlie Cape. The order is closidy
alhed to and forras as it were the S. African representative of the Australian Myopo-
rineaj, differing more in habit than in any positive character except the reduction of the
ovules to one only or two in the whole ovary, which appears to be constant in Selaginea?,
and only occuis in a very few species of Myoporineje. The irregularity of the coroUa
assumes also a soraewhat dififerent type in the two Orders.

*1. DISCHISMA, Chois.

Calyx divided to the base into 2 sepals. Corolla with a cylindrical
tube, the limb oblif|uely declinate (1-lipped). Stamens 4.

*1 D. capitatum, Chois. in Mem. Soc. Gen. and in DC. Prod. xii. 7.
A ditfuse small but hard branching- annual, more or less hirsute or
sprinkled with crisped hairs. Lower leaves opposite, the upper ones
alternate, linear with a few distant teeth or entire, mostly about or under
^ in. long-. Flowers small (blue ?), in terminal spikes which after
llowering- become very dense, ovoid or oblong-, and from h to above 1
in. long-, each ilower sessile within a floral leaf or bract, broad at tlie
base with a linear herbaceous point long-er than the llower, and after
flowering- the broad bases of the bracts are closely imbricated concealing-
the fruit. Sepals small very thin and ciliate (not J line long-). Corolfa
tube about 1 line long-, the upper lip almost obsolete, the lower as lon<>-
as the tube, with small lateral lobes and a larg-er lower one. Fruit
oblong', about 1 line long', separating- into 2 narrow nuts.

^V. Australia. Drvmmond, 2ncl coll. n. 150, Zrd. coll. n. 292 ; apparently abun-
dant, as numerous specimeus were gathered each time, but most likely introduced from
the Cape where the species is not uncommou.

Order xcii. verbenaceje.

Flowers irreg-ular or rarely reg-ular. Calyx persistent, truncate
toothed or lobed. Corolla with 4 or 5, rarely (5 to 8, lolies or rarely

83 XCII. VERBENACE7E.

truncate, tlie loLes more or less 2-lipped or nearly or quite equal, im-
bricate in tlie bud, tlie upper lip or uppermost lobe or sometimes the
lateral ones outside. Stamens inserted in tlie tube of the corolla,
usuallj 4 in pairs or nearly equal and alternating- with its lower lobes,
or when the coroHa is reg'idar 4 to 8 alternating- with its lobes.
Anthers 2-celled, the cells opening- longitudinally and usually parallel.
Ovary not lobed or only shortly 4-lobed, usually more or less perfectly
divided into 2 or 4 cells or half-cells, with 1 ovule in each cell or half-cell,
either anatropous and erect from the base, or more or less amphitropous
and attached hiterally or near the top so as to appear pendulous. Style
terminal, simple, entire or more frequently with 2 short stig'matic lobes.
Fruit dry or more or less drupaceous, tlie whole fruit or the endocarp
separating" into 2 or 4 nuts or pyrenes or quite indehiscent and 2- or 4-
celled, and sometimes with an additional central cavity between the
carpels having- the appearance of a third or fifth empty cell. Seeds
soHtary in each cell half-cell or pyrene, erect, with or without
albumen, the testa usually membranous. Embryo straig-lit, with thick
cotyledons and an inferior radicle. — Ilerbs shrubs trees or woody
cHmbers. Leaves opposite wliorled or rarely alternate, without stipules,
entire toothed or divided. Inilorescence various.

A large Order, ranging over botli tlie New and the Old World, most abundant witliin
tbe tropics, but with several extratropical species, botli in the northern and southeni he-
mispheres. Ofthe twenty Austrah'an genera, three are hirge American ones of which a
very few species, inchiding those found in AustraHa, have become more or less generally
ditlused over the Old World, hve are most numerously represented in tropical Asia and
Africa, hut three of them are also American, and one of these extends in a single species
beyond tlie tropics as faras southern Europe, one, ci nsisting chiefly of maritime plants,
is as common in the New as in the Old World, and the remainingeleven genera are purely
endemic, with the exception oi Faradaya, ■wbich is represeuted by a second species in
the South Pacific Ishinds.

The structure of the flovver in Verbenaccae has been considerably ehicidated in several
points by tlie observations of H. Bocquillon (Revue du groupe des Verbenacees, Paris,
1861-1863), but his arrangemcnt of the genera appears to me to be neither naturai nor
practical, removing as it dons for instance Clcrodendron far from Premna, to phicc it
next to Friva, which again is placed at some distance from Vcrbena, and in a totally
diflferent group from Starhytarpheta. The reguharity or irreguhirity of the flower is in
some cases not well niarked, nor sufficiently in accord with other characters to serve
as a basis for the primary division of the OVder, and the dcgree in whichthe placentary
niargins of the carpellary leaves protrude into the cavity of the ovary, meeting oniy or
cohering in the centre, thus more or less completely dividing it into cells, is, in this
Order, a diflerence of degree only, the placentation never having tiie truly parietal cha-
racter of th.-it of Gesneriaceaj. I have therefore returned to the ohl division of the Order
into the main tribes adopteJ by Schauer in ihe Prodromus, with some minor modifica-
tions as to a fewgenera wliich had been imperfectly known or incorrectly described.

Tribe 1. Verbenese. — Ovules asnending from the base ofthe cells. Flowers in ra-
ccmes or spikes sometimes contracted into heads. solitary within each bract, without
bracteoles.

Ovary 2-celled, with 1 ovide in each cell. Spikes dense, usually
contracted into heads.

Fruitadrupe 1. Lantana.

Fniit dry, separating iiito small nuts 2. Lippia.

Ovary 4-celled, with oue ovuie iu each cell. Spikes elongated . 3. Verbena.

XCII. VERBENACEJE. 33

Tribe 2. Viticese. — Ovules lateralh/ attached above the hase or near the top.
Flowers in cynies or if solitary or in spikes usualJy accompanied hy 2 bracteoles he-
sides the suhtending hract or leaf.

SuBTRiBE 1. Chloantkese. — Ovary not lobed. Fruit small, dry, or rarely drupa-
ceoiis. iSIirnhsor herhs vsually very cottonij or tiioolly, rarely nearly yluhrous, glulinous
or resinous. Seeds lohere known always albuminous.

CoroUa small, regular or nearly so. Stamens isomerous.

Style entire or minutely 2-lobed. Flowers in dense woolly
spikes.

Flowers 5-8-merous. Corolla truncate or very shortly lobed 4. Lachnostachys.

Flowers 5-merous. Corolia distinctly lobed 6. Newcastlia.

Flowers 4-merous. Corolla distinctly lobed 6. Physopsis.

Style rather shortly 2-lobed. Flowers 4-merous in heads or

corymbs 7. Mallophora.

Style deeply 2-lobed. Flowers 5merous in heads cymes or

paiiicles 8. Dicrastyles.

Coroila more or less 2-Hpped, or unequally 5 lobed. Stamens 4.
Leaves decurrent. Corolla-tube elongated. Anthers witliout

appendages 9. Chloanthes,

Leaves not decurrent. Corolla-tube broad. Anther-cells

usually with smiiil appendages at tlie lower end .... 10. Pityeodia.
Calyx-lobes much enlarged spreadiiig and veined after flower-

ing 11. Cyanostegia.

Corolla small, the tube narrow, the upper lip erect. Leaves

mucronately tootbed 12. Denisonia.

Corolla smali, the tube broad. Fruit a succulent drupe (dry

in tbe preceding genera) 13. Spartothamnus.

SuBTRiBE 2. Euviticese. — Ovary not at all or scarcely lohed. Fruit a drupe.
Shrubs or trees. Seeds without albumen [or rarely in Vitex with a scanty alhumen ?).

Corolla small, usually 4 lobfd, with a short tube. Stamens in-
cluded or not much exserted.

Cymes axillary. Styie dilated at tlie top or truncate . . .14. Callicarpa.

Cymes or panicles terminal. Style 2-Iobed 15. Peemna.

Coroila 5-Iobed, with a slender tube. Stamens long. Fruiting

calyx enlarged and spreading (except in C. hemiderma) . .16. Clerodendron.
CoroUa-tube broad, limb 4- or 5-lobed. Stamens not exceeding

the upper lip. Drupe with a bony 4-celIed putamen.

Leaves simple .■ . 17. Gmelina.

Corolla-tube short, limb 5-Iobed. Stamens often exserted. Drupe

with 2 or 4 distinct pyrenes. Leaves often digitately

compound (sometimes simple) 18. Vitex.

Subtribe. 3. Oxereae. — Ovary distinctly 2- or 4-lohed.

Calyx 2cleft. Tall climber with large flowers and fruits. Sta-

mens exserted 19. Faradaya.

Tribe 3. Avicenniese. — Fruit a 1-valved capsule. Seed solitary, without integu-
ments ; emhryo ivith large folded cotyledons.

Single genus 20. Avicennia.

Tribe 1. Verbene^. — Ovules ascending- from the base of the cells,
Flowers in racemes or spikes, sometimes contracted into heads, solitary
within each bract, without bracteoles.

VOL. V.

34 XCII. VERIiKNACEiE. [Ldittaiia.

1. LANTANA. Linn.

Calyx small and tliin, truncate or sinuately toothed. Corollu-tube
slender ; the limb spreading-, 4- or 5-lobed, nearly reg-ular or shghtly
2-lipped. Stamens 4, inchided in the tube. Ovary 2-celled, witli one
ovuie in each cell erect from the base. Fruit a inore or less succulent
drupe, the putamen 2-celled or dividing- into two 1-celled pyrenes. —
Shrubs or rarely herbs. Leaves opposite. Flowers in pedunculate
axillary heads, rarely leno-thening- into sj^ikes, each one sessile or nearly
so within a sniall bract without bracteoles.

A considerable geuus, chiefly from tropical or sublropical America, witli two or Ihree
Asiatic or Africaii species, wliich however may also have been _ot' American origin.
The ovary in this and Ihe foliowiiig geiius, as shown by Bocquillon, altliough con-
taining oiily 2 cells coriesponding to the half-cells of olher genera, is yet bicarpellary,
one halt oiily of caeh carpel being developed.

1. L. Camara, Linn. ; Schau. iii DC. Prod. xi. 598. A tall slirub
with long- weak branches, often armed with short recurved prickles,
and more or less hairy. Leaves petiolate, ovate or slig-litly cordate,
crenate, 2 to 3 in. long-, wrinkled and very roug-h with short stilf hairs.
Flowers yellow or orang-e, turning' to a deep red ; the heads not
leng-thening- into spikes. Bracts linear-lanceolate, shorter than the
corolla. Corolla-tube 3 to 4 lines long-, lobes of the limb short and
broad.

A common species in tropical America, frequently cultivated for ornameht, and,
escaping trom gardeiis, now naturalised on the Hastings and Clarence rivers, Beckler,
and probably in other parts oF N. S. TVales and Queensland. As ah'eady observed
in my " Flora Hongkongensis," the species should probably incliide as varieties several
of those described by Schauer, in DC. Prod. xi. 597 aiid 598, as distinct.

2. LIPPIA. Linn.
(Zapania, iScojj.)
Calyx inembranou-s, either llattened with 2 keels or wing-s and
2-lobed, each lobe either entire or 2-toothed, or the whole calyx more
equally tubular or g-lobular and 2- or 4-toothed. Corolla-tube cylin-
drical or dihited upwards, tlie limb more or less distinctly 2-lipped, the
upper lip entire or 2-lobed, the lower 3-lobed, all the lobes iiat and
spreading-. Stamens 4, included in the tube or scarcely protruding-.
Ovary 2-celled, with 1 Ovule in each cell erect from the base. Fruit
not succulent, separating- more or less readily into two indehiscent
nuts. — Herbs or shrubs often glandular and aromatic or strong--scented,
Leaves opposite or whorled, undivided. Flowers small, in simple
spikes or heads, each one sessile in the axil of a single bract, without
bractecles, the bracts often closely imbricate.

A considerable American genus, a few species of which, including the two Australian
ones, aie also more or less widely spread over the warnier regions of the Old ^\'orld.
Bocquilloirs character of thc genus (Kevue, p. 147), taken probably from the examina-
lion of a single species, will not apply to a large portion of the gcnus, inchuling the
commonest species of all, L. nodijhra.

Lippia.] XCII. VERBENACE^. 35

Prostrate or creeping perennial. Leaves obovate or cuneate.

Peduncles in one axil of each pair. Calyx flat 1. L. nodiflora.

Shrub witli straggling branches. Leaves ovate. PeJuncles oppo-

site. Calyx globuhir 2. L. geminata.

1. Ij. nodiflora, L'ich. ; Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 585. A prostrate
or creepino- perenuial, witli sliortly ascending- llowering- branches, hoary
with closely appressed hairs or nearly g-hibrous. Leaves from obovate
to linear-cuneate, coarsely toothed at the npex, | to 1 in. long-, nar-
rowed into a petiole. Peduncles axillary but only one to each pair of
leaves and niuch longer than them, each one bearing- a spike at first
short and ovoid, and sometimes very small, at leng-th cylindrical, and
when luxuriant attaining- | to | in. or even more. Bracts closely im-
bricate, broadly spathulate, more or less fring-ed or toothed at the end,
nearly IJ Hnes long". Calyx shorter than tlie bract, membranous, flat,
divided in front nearly to the base, at the back to about the middle,
into two keeled lobes, entire or 2-toothed at the apex. Corolhi-tube
scarcely exceeding- the calyx, the lower lip twice as long- as the upper
one and about half as long- as the tube. Fruit not one line long-,
readily separating- into two nuts, with one half of the calyx adhering' to
each. — Zapania uodi/fora, Lam. ; R. Br. Prod. 514.

N. Australia. Victoria river, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Shoalwater Bay and Broad Sound, H. Brown ; Port Denison,
Fitzalan; Fitzroy river, Tliozet ; Bowen river, Bowman ; Moreton isiand, M'Gillivray.

TV. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield.

The species is very common in waste lands on banks and in sandy places, &c., all
over the warnier parts of tiie world. It is very variable in the breadth of the leaves,
the size of the spilies and flovvers, the points and teeth of the bracts, &c.

2. If. geminata, Kiinth ,• Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 682. A strong-ly
scented shrub, with long' strag-gling- branches, more or less hirsute, the
young- shoots often hoary. Leaves opposite or rarely in whorls of
three, from broadly ovate to ovate-oblong', obtuse, crenate, veryrug-ose,
f to i| in. long- when broad, long'er when narrow. Peduncles much
shorter than the leaves, and mostly in both axils, each one bearing- a
small head of pink flowers becoming- ovoid as the flowering- advances.
Bracts very broad, herbaceous, hisj)id, 1 to 1| hnes long-. Calyx
shorter than the bract, membranous, nearly g-lobular, neither flattened
nor ribbed, 2-lobed, the lobes broad and obscurely 2-toothed. Corolla-
tube 1| lines long-, dilated upwards, the lobes short broad and nearly
equal. Fruit separating- into two nuts.

Queensland. About Rockhampton, Dallachy and others. Probably introduced
from South America, where it is ©ften common, ranging from Buenos Ayres to Mexico.

3. VERBENA. Linn.

Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla with a distinct tube, the limb spreading-,
rather unequally 5-lobed. Stamens 4 or rarely 2, included in the
tube. Ovary 4-celled, with one ovule in each cell erect from the base.
Fruit not succulent, enclosed in the calyx, separating- more or less
readilv into 4 1-seeded nuts. — Herbs or rarely shrubs. Leaves

d2

36 xcii. VERBENACE^. [Verbcna.

opposite, entire or divided. Flowers small, alternate, in simple or
branched spikes, each one in the axil of a small bract without
bracteoles.

The genns comprises a large number of American species, with onlj two natives of
the warmer regions of the Old World, including one of the Australian ones ; the other
species here euumerated is an introduced one fi-om America.
Leaves mostly deeply lobed or divided. Spikes long and slender,

with distant flowers ■ ^- V. officinalls.

Leaves narrow, toothed. Spikes rather close, in a terminal

cluster or panicle 2. F. honariensis.

1. V. officinalis, Linn. ; Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 547. An erect
perennial, 1 to '2 ft. liig-h, -with long- spreading- wiry branches, some-
times nearly g'labrous, usually with closely appressed hairs, sometimes
more coarsely hirsute, or the inHoreseence roug-h with glanduhir hairs.
Lower leaves petiolate, obovate or oblong-, coarsely toothed or cut ;
upper ones either deeply pinnatifid and lobed or toothed, or the upper-
most small and hinceohite. Flowers usuall}' very small, in slender
spikes lengthening- often to 8 or 10 in., the lower ones becoming-
distant as the spike leng-thens, the Avhole corolla sometimes not 2 lines
long-, but in the larg-er-llowered forms the tube about l^ lines, and the
ower lip about as long. — R. Br. Prod. 514.

Queensland. Broad Sound and Shoalwater Bay, E. Broicn; Eockingham Bay,
JJallachy; Suttor river, Bowman ; Arm.&A.\\\a., Barton.

N. S. TVales. I'crt .Tackson, i?. Brown; Blue mountains, Miss Atkinson; Cla-
rence river, ijecA:?er ; Eichmoud river, Faiocett; Dailing river, Victorian and otJter
Expeditions.

Victoria. Port Phillip, F. Mueller; Melbourne, Boherlson ; Portland, Allitt ;
Skipton, II7(aH.

S. Australia. Near Adelaide, Blandorrsli ; towards Spencer's Gulf, Warburton.

Thc .'•pecics is common in a great part of Europe and temperate Asia, in waste places
on roadsides, &c. ; more rare and pcrhaps introduced into North America, South Africa,
and within the tropics. It may also be introduced only into some of the Australian
Btations.

Var. macrostachya. Flowers rather larger, and the spikes very glandular, hirsute. —
V. macrostachya, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 60. — Peak Dowus, F. Mueller ; Kockhamptoii,
Bowman.

*2. V. bonariensis, Linn. ; Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 541. An
erect coarse rigid herb of 2 to 4 ft., the stems scarcely branched,
acutely 4-ang'led and rouglily hispid especially on the ang-les. Leaves
sessile, lanceolate or the lower ones ovate-hmceohite, 1 J to nearly ^ in.
long-, coarsely toothed, hirsute, the upper ones distant small and
narrow. Flowers in rather close spikes of h to | in., which are usuallv
clustered at the end of the branches of a rigud corymbose trichotomous
panicle, and g-enerally assume a bhieisli jiurjile hue. Bracts acute,
ciliate, hirsute, 1 to l^ Hnes long-. Calyx shorter than the bract.
CoroUa-tube shortly exceeding- the calyx, the lobes broad and
spreading'.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Eay, F. JUucUir.

N. S. Wales. Near Sydney, F. Mueller ; New England, C. Stxmrt ; Hastings
river, Becklcr.

Vfrhr/ltl.] XCII. VEHBENACE^. 37

The species is comnion iii waste places and pastures in extratropical South America,
and has spread as a wccd of cultivation over South Africa, thc Mauritius, and some other
countries, and is evidently introduced only into Austi-alia.

Tribe 2. ViTiCE^. — Ovules amphitropous, laterally attached. above
the base or sometimes so near the top as to appear pendulous, but the
micropyle ahvays inferior, the funicle either very short or more or less
leng'thened and then arising- from the base of the phicenta. Flowers in
axillary or terminal cymes or heads, or, if solitary, on axilhiry or
spicate pedicels, usually accompanied by two bracteoles besides the
subtending' bract.

In niany of the genera of this tribe the ovary is not perfectly divided into cells, the
incurved ovuhTerous margins of the carpellary leaves not meeting in the centre at the
time of flowering, and the ovary has in these cases been described by Bocquillon as one-
celled with parietal placentas. The ovules are, however, never placed on the inner face
of the expanded phacentas as in Gesneriacefe and other Orders with a normally parietal
placentation, and usually, after flowering, the phxcentas meet in the centre and unite,
or the endocarp grows and hardens so as completely to enclose each seed, forming a
fruit perfectly divided iiito cells, or only leaving a small central cavity, described by
earlier authors as a third or a fifth empty cell.

SuBTRiBE 1. Chloanthe^. — Ovary notlobed. Fruit small, dry, the
mesocarp not succulent, the endocarp thin or hard, 4-celled or more
frequently separating- into two 2-celled or foiu- 1-celled nuts, sometimes
reduced by abortion to a single 1-seeded nut. Shrubs undershrubs or
rarely herbs, usually very cottony or woolly, with branclied hairs,
rarely more glabrous and glutinous or resinous. Flowers often solitary
within each bract or floral leaf, but sometimes in cymes as in
EuviticetTe.

The ripe seeds have been observed in a few species only, and these have shown
a rather copious alburaen. This character may not, however, be constant in the sub-
tribe. The ten foUowing genera — perhaps all that strictly belong to the subtribe — are
all endemic in Australia.

4. LACHNOSTACHYS, Hook.
(Walcottia, F. MueU. Pycnolachne, Turcz.)

Calvx broadly campanuh^te, 5- to 8-lobed, valvate in the bud,
densely woolly outside, ghibrous inside. Corolla shorter than the
calyx, broadly campanulate, truncate or very shortly and equally 5- to
8-lobed. Stamens 5 to 8, exserted, opposite to the calyx-lobes, in-
serted on the margin of the corolla or between its lobes ; anthers
without appendag-es. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell hiterally
attached below the top. Style slender, entire or minutely 2-lobed.
Fruit enclosed in the calyx, hard, usually 1-celled and 1-seeded by
abortion. — Erect shrubs clothed with a deuse cotton or wool consisting-
of intricate branched hairs. Leaves opposite, sessile, undivided.
Flowers opposite and sessile in dense terminal woolly spikes. Bracts
often imbricate in 4 rows in the young spikes, but very deciduous ;
bracteoles minute or none.

The genus is endemic in W. Australia. In the two species first published the disse-
pimeut of the ovary is very thin, and readily breaks oif from the walls of the cavity, and

38 xcii. VF.nBENACEiE. [Laclmostachijs.

as only one ovule enlarges, the whole on a hasty examinalion has the appearance
ofa l-'celled uniovulate ovary ; this with the short menihranous conilla with niarginal
stamens, siiggested the idt-aofa staniinal cnp, and iiiduced tho referring the phint to
Amarantaccfe, a -s-iew which Mnf|uin adopted witliout re-exaniining the ovary. A more
carefid scruliny shows however an ovary characteristic of a considerahle group of
Verhenacese, and scarcely to he found in any dther Order ; and this affinity is fully con-
firmed by the since descrihed Lachnostachys Walcottii, which has the corolla-lobes
shortly developed betwcen the stamens. The habit and peciiliar rudimentum are en-
tirely those of Newcastlia, which has also regular flowers with isomemus stamens, and
of which one species, N. spodijfricha, only differs from Lachnostachijs in the greater
development of the corolla-lobes, and in the parts of the flowers being in fives only,
whilst in one specii s o^ Lachnostachi/s they are in sixes or rarely in fives, and in the
three otliers in eights or rarely iii sevens. F. Mueller has, however, placed Lachno-
stachys in Buetineriacefe, from which it appears to me to differ essentially in the position
of the stamens, opposite to not alternating with the calyx-lobes, and in the structure of
the ovary, imlependently of the habit, the pistil, and the supposition that the cup sup-
porting the stamens is a corolla and not the united base of the filaments only.

Spikes simple. Flowers 6merous, rarely 5-merous 1. L. alhicans.

Spikes paniculate. Flowers 8-merous, rarely 7-merous.

Leaves ovate or ohlong with revolute margins, 1 to 3 in. long.

Wool very long and dense 2. L.verhascifolia.

Leaves ovate or oblong, uearly flat, f to 1 in. long. Tomentum

thick but close and short 3. L. ferruginea.

Leaves oblong-linear, with revolute margins. Panicle much
hranched. Tomcntum close and short. Corolla distinctly
lobed 4. Z. Walcottii.

1. L. albicans, Ilooh. Ic. Pl. t. 414. — A slimlj of several ft., with
ratber tliick erect branclies, lioary or white as well as the foliag-e witli
a close but deuse cottony wool. Leaves oblong--lauceohite, obtuse or
almost acute, erect, decussate, thick, the margins often narrowly
recurved and slightly rugose-crenulate, f to \\ in. long-. Spikes
terminal, simple, the ilowers concealed in a dense silky-woolly mass,
1 to 2 in. long, and ^ to | in. diameter. Calyx about l^ lines long
and opening- to 2 lines diameter, divided to about i into 5 or more,
frequently 6, broad triang-ular lobes, the external wool at least twice as
lono- as the whole calyx. Corolla ratlier shorter than the calyx,
g'labrous outside, hirsute inside with long- hairs, truncate, the filaments
tpiite marginal, without lobes between them, and only to be traced
down the tube by a darker vein. Ovary densely villous. Young- fruit
shorter than the cah^x, thick and hard, with only one ovule enlarged,
but not seen ripe. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 2U8 ; Nees in Pl. Preiss.
i. G:il.

W. Australia, Drummond, »i. 13, 434; Wellington district, Preiss, n. 1377.

2. L. verbascifolia, F. Mtuil. Fraf/iu. vi. 158. A tall stout shrub,
ver}' densely cluthed in every part with long silky-woolly hairs, more
or less ferruginous. Leaves crowded, decussate, ovate or oblong',
obtuse, very thick and soft, with revolute margins, 1 to 3 in. long-.
Spikes apparently few, in a short dense terminal panicle, but the in-
Horescence imj^erfect in our specimens. Calyx H to nearly 2 lines
long-, divided like that of L. ferruciinra into ^'^tinel}' pointed lobes, but
the external wool long-er and more silky. Corolla sliort, the filaments
quite marg-inal, without intervening' lobes. Ovai-y ccrtainly 2-celled,

Lachlio.^^ttichijs.] XCII. VKRBENACE.15. 39

with 2 ovules in each cell, but as in L. ferrugima and L. albicans, only

1 ovule enhirg-es.

W. Australia, Drummond, 5th coll. n. 237.

I liave iiot succeeiled in timling ripe seeds iu our specimens, but F. Mueller lias
observed tliem to be albuminous with ;i straight embryo as in the allied gencra.

3. L. ferruginea, Hook. le. Pl. t. 415. A tall shrub, covered
with a soft deuse cottony-wool, thicker than in L. Walcottii, almost
floccose, and ofamore rusty colour. Leaves oblong- 'ovate or almost
orbicuhir, obtuse, soft and very thick, the marg-ins thickened under-
neath but scarcely recurved, | to 1 in. long-. Spikes rather dense, 1 to

2 in. long-, and h to f in. diameter, several in a terminal spreading-
panicle. Bracts (o"i- Horal leaves) orbicular, thick and brown, imbricate
in 4 rows in the young- spike, but soon falling- off, leaving- each llower
a g-lobuhir woolly mass of 2 to 3 hnes diameter. Calyx nearly 2 lines
long-, divided to below the middle into 8 or sometimes 7 narrow
fineiy pointed lobes. Corolla rather shorter than the calyx, glabrous
outside, bearded with long- hairs inside, but not so densely so as in
L. albicans. Stamens quite marg-inal, without lobes between them.
Young- fruit as in L. albica/is, but not seen ripe. — Moq. in DC. Prod.
xiii. ii. 298.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 14, 202, 438.

4. Ii. Walcottii, F. Muell. Fracfm. ii. 140. A tall shrub, covered
with a close but soft cottony-wool sometimes ahnost floccose. Leaves
oblong-hnear, obtuse, thick, with closely revolute margins, f to \\ in.
long-. Spikes not very dense but many-flowered, 1 to 2 in. long-,
numerous in dense corymbose or pyramidal panicles of several inches
diameter, each flower a woolly ball of about 2 Hnes diameter, showing-
in the centre a small giabrous corolla only when fully expanded.
Calyx about \\ lines diaineter when spread open, divided to the middle
into 8 acute lobes. CoroUa rather shorter than the calyx, with 8 very
short rounded reticuhite lobes. Stamens inserted in the notches and
prominently decurrent in the tube to the base of the corolla, where there
are a few hairs inside. Ovary g-hibrous or minutely pubescent. Fruit
already somewhat enhirged, apparently ripening- 2 or 3 seeds and
divided into as many cells by spurious dissepiments, but not seen ripe.
— Walcottia eriobotrya, F. MuelL Frag-m. i. 241 ; PycnolacMc ledifolia,
Turcz. in BuD. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 1863, ii. 215.

W. Australia. Murchison river, Walcott and Oldfield, Drummond, Qth coll. n.
219, 220.

5. NEWCASTLIA, F. Muell.

Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, valvate in the bud. Corolla-tube cam-
panulate, the limb of 5 nearly ec|ual lobes. Stamens 6 ; anthers
without appendag-es. Ovary small, completely 2-celled with 2 ovules
in each cell hiterally attached above the middle. Style slender, entire,
or minutely 2-lobed. Fruit not exceeding- the calyx, not succulent,
apparently separating- into 4 nuts. — Densely woolly or cottony shrubs.

40 xcii. VERBEXACEJE. [NeTvcastUa.

Leaves opposite, undivided. Flowers opposite and sessile, in dense
terminal woolly spikes. Bracts and bracteoles small and deciduous.

The genus is endemic in Australia, and closely allied to Physopsis and Mallophora,
differing fioni them chiefly in the 5-mcious flowers.
AVool loose. CoroUa-lobes short. Stamens shorter than the

corolla l. N. cladotricha.

Tomentum close. Corolla-lobes ending in a fine point. Sta-

mens exserted 2. N. spodiotrkha.

1. N. cladotricha, F. Mudl. in Hooli. Kew Journ. ix. 22, Fraf/m. i.
184, t. i. a)>d iii. 21. An erect shrub, attainino- 2 to 3 ft., densely
clothed with white or rust-coloured woollv branching- hairs, and
strongly scented. Leaves sessile, narrow-oblong- to ovate-lanceolate,
obtuse,'rounded at the base, the marg-ins slightly recurved, f to above
1 in. long-, thick, very rug-ose, reticulate underneath, loosely hirsute
or tomentose on both sides with branched hairs. Flowering' spikes at
first short and dense but leng-thening- sometimes to 2 in. and inter-
rupted. Bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, imbricate in the very young
spike, but falHng- ofFearly. Calyx aboutl| lines long-, very woolly, the
lobes rather sliorter than the tube. Corolla glabrous outside, tlie tube
broad, about as long' as the calyx, lobes sliort and spreading-. Stamens
about as long- as the tube, inserted above a woolly ring- near the base.
Ovary g-labrous. Ovules attached near the top, but the seed enlarges
upwards so as to be attached near the base. The fruit not seen how-
ever quite ripe.

N. Australia. Sturfs Creek, near Mount ]\Iueller, F. Mveller.

2. N. spodiotricha, F. Madl. Fraf/m. iii. 21, t. 21. A shrub or
undershrub, clothed with a rather shorter and closer tomentum than
that of N. cladotricha. Leaves very shortly petiolate, ovate-oblong-,
obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long-, rug-ose above, reticuhite underneath, tomentose
on both sides. Flowers in terminal cottony spikes, with 1 or 2 pairs of
lateral ones at the base, forming- a pyramidal panicle. Bracts not seen.
Calyx nearl}' sessile, about 2 lines long-, the lobes much shorter than
the tube. Corona-tube as long- as the calyx, very hairy inside near tlie
top, tlie lobes narrow, ending- in a point nearly as long- as the tube, and
long-er than the lobes themselves. Stamens inserted at the top of the
corolla-tube between the lobes, and longer than them, the upper
anthers sometimes abortive. Ovary glabrous, the ovules attached at or
near the top.

N. Australia. Between lat. 17° 30' and 18° 30', M'Douall Stuart.

6. PHYSOPSIS, Turczan.

Calyx tubular, 4-toothed. Corolla-tube short, cylindrical, the limb
of 4 nearly equal sjireading- lobes. Stamens 4, inchided in the tube ;
anthers without aj)])endag-es. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell,
kterally attached above the middle, but tisually only 1 ovuh' perfect.
Stjle slender, very shortly 2-lobed. Fruit dry, enclosed in the calyx,

PhysapsiS.] XCII. VERBENACEiE. 41

often reduced to a sing-le cell and seed. — Woolly shrub. Leaves
scattered, undivided. Flowers small, o{)])osite and scssile, in a dense
woolly spike, each one within a small bract.

The genus consists of a single spccies endemic iu Australia, differing from Mallo-
phora chiefly in inflorescence.

1. P. spicata, Titrcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mo.sc. 1849, ii. 35. An
erect shrub, with rather stout woolly-tomentose virg-ate branches.
Leaves scattered or irreg-uhirly opposite, sessile, oblong-, obtuse, with
recurved margins, narrowed at the base, rarely exceeding- ^ in., g-labrous
or shg-htly scabrous and nerveless on the upper side, cottony-white
uuderneatli. Spikes dense, either sohtary or clustered at the ends of
tlie branches, usually 1 to 1| in. long-, each tiower sessile within a
linear bract, which is gdabrous inside, woolly outside, and very
deciduous. Calyx enveloped in cottony-wool forming- an ovoid mass
about 3 lines long-, the calyx itself, when stripped of its wool nearly
tubular and very shortly 4-toothed. Corolla-tube scarcely exceeding-
the calyx, slig-htly thickened inside at the throat, the lobes broad and
obtuse. Stamens inserted above the middle of the tube, the filaments
very short. Ovary g-labrous, inserted on a disk, in the very young- bud
completely 2-celled with 2 ovules in each cell, but at the time of
flowering- usually very oblique with only one perfect ovule.
MV. Australia, Drummond, Ath coll. n. 234.

7. MALLOPHORA, Endl.

(Lachuocephalus, Turcz.)

Calyx deeply divided into 4 lobes. Corolla-tube short, cylindrical,
the limb of 4 equal spreading" lobes. Stamens 4, shortly exserted;
anthers without appendag-es. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each
cell hiterally attached above the middle. Style filiform with 2
linear lobes. Fruit dry, 4-celled, with 1 seed in each celL — Cottony or
woolly undershrub. Leaves opposite or scattered, undivided. Flowers
small, sessile, in dense cottony-wooll}^ heads which are either soHtary
or corymbose at the ends of the branches.

The genus is limited to a single species endemic in Australia, closely allied to tlie
two preceding geuera, but with a more divided style and the inflorescence nearer to
that of Dicrastyles.

1. M. globiflora, Endl. Noik Stirp. Dcc. 64. Stems from a woody
base rather slender, apparently ascending- or erect, branching-, 1 to
li ft. hig-h, covered as well as the fohag-e with a close white intricate
tomentum. Leaves sessile or nearly so, linear or oblong-, obtuse, \ to
nearly ^ in. long', narrowed at the base, rather thick, flat, cottony-
white on both sides or becoming- at leng-th nearly gdabrous above aud
then rug-ose. Flower-heads dense, either sohtary or more frequently
several in terminal corymbs, each flower sessile within a woolly bract,
the outer bracts of each head rather h^rg-er than the others, but none ot
them exceeding" the calyx. Calyx enveloped in a long- dense woo'

41? xcii. VERBENACE^. [3I(illophora.

torming- <>-l(jbiilar masses of 2 to 8 lines diameter, Avitliin tlie wool the
calvx is deeply divided into linear membranous lobes. Corolla-tube
scarcely so long- as tlie calyx, the lobes sniall, obtuse, woolly outside.
Stamens inserted within the tube. Ovary cotton}', the 4 ovules usually
perfect. Style-lobes linear, but much shorter than in Bicrastijles.
Fruit, according- to Endlicher, tomentose and 4-celled. — Lachmcephulus
lepidotus, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 1849, ii. 36.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 72, 555, and 4th coll. n. 235.

Bocqiiillon (Rev. Verb. p. 138) places Lachnocephalus {3Iallo])hora) in his section
witli irrej^ular flowers, biit tliecorolla appears to me to be as nearly regular as in Dicra-
styles and otiicr so-called regular-fluwercd Vcrbenaceaj.

8. DICRASTYLES, Drumm.

Calyx more or less deeply divided into 5 lobes. Corolla-tube short,
the limb of 5 nearly equal short lobes. Stamens 6, exsertedj anthers
witliout appendages. Ovary 'J-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell,
laterally attached at or above the middle. Style deeply divided into 2
slender branches or lobes. Fruit small, dry, 4-celled, with 1 seed in
each cell. — Cottony or Avoolly undershrubs or small shrubs. Leaves
opposite or scattered, imdivided. Flowers small, in cymes collected
into coryml)ose panicles, more rarely contracted into dense solitary or
corpnbose heads. Bracts and bractooles very deciduous.

The genus is limited to Australia. It is nearly relatcd to MaJlophora, but the inflo-
rescence is usually looser, the flowers pcntamerous, and the style much more deeply
divided.

Leaves petiolatc, lanceolate, very rugose but flat, IJ to 3 in.

Cymes in a pyramidal panicle 1. D. ochrotricha.

Leaves ncarly sessile, obloiig, rugnse but flat, ^ to 1 in. Cymes

in loose corymbose panicles 2. D.fulva.

Leaves scssile, oblong, rugose. witli revolute margins, under 1 in.

Cynies very dense, in corynibo-e panicles 3. D. reticidata.

Leavcs linear, with revolute margins, | to ^ in. Flowers small,

in corynibose panicles 4. D. parvifolia.

Leaves sessile, very rugose, with revolute margins. Flowers in

dense heads. DilTiiso, Filago-WVe plant b. D. stccchas.

1. D. ochrotricha, F. Mvell. Fraf/tn. iv. IGl. An erect shrub of
1 to 2 ft., densely clothod with a rather close woolly tomontuni, often
assuming- a golden yellow colour. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, obtuse,
contracted into a rather long- petiole, thick soft and woolly on both
sides when young-, scabrous and rug'ose above when old, reticulate and
tomentose underneath, \\ to nearly 8 in. long-, the upper iloral ones
reduced to small bracts. Cymes opposite, pedunculate, forming- a short
pyramidal terminal panicle, the pedicels and calyxes very wooUy-hirsute
with short goldon-yellow branching- hairs. Pedicels | to 3i- lines long-,
thicker than in the other species. Calyx about 2 lines long-, divided to
rather below the middle into rather broad obtuse lobos. Corolla
scarcely exceeding- the calyx, the tube woolly outside, the lobos small.
Stamens less exserted than in the other si)ecies. Ovary very woolly as
well as the entire part of the style ; ovules attached very near the top.

Dicrastyles.] xcil. VERBENACEiE. ■13

Style-branches g"labrous, about as long- as the entire part. Fruit small,
depressed g-lobular, not seen quite ripe. — Fitijrodia exsuccosay F. Muell.
Frag-m. i. GO.

N. Australia. Sturt's Creek, near Mount Wilford, F. Ahceller.

2. D. fulva, Dnnnm. in Hooh. Kem Joiirn. vii. 50. A perennial or
undershrub with erect siniple or branched stems of 1 to 2 teet, densely
clothed with a whitish, or niore frequently brownish cottony wool,
sometimes ahnost floccose in the lower part, looser and long-er towards
the inHorescence. Leaves mostly opposite, narrow-ovate or oblong',
obtuse, narrowed at the base, ^ to above 1 in. long-, very thick soft
and reticuhite-rug'ose, but the wrinkles concealed by the wool till it
wears olf with age. Flowers very numerous, in broad trichotomous
corymbose panicles, the clusters when young- forming- globular woolly
heads surrounded by woolly bracts, but much looser when fully out,
when the bracts fall away and each ilower is on a little fiUform pedicel
of 5 to 1 line. Calyx about 1 line long-, hirsute with branched hairs,
not so woolly as in Mallophora, divided to the middle or more deeply
into rather unequal lobes. Corolla almost campanulate, about \^ Hnes
long-, the lobes as long- as the tube and equah Stamens inserted a
little below the lobes and as long- as or rather long-er than them.
Ovary tomentose. Style hairy with glabrous branches about as long-
as the entire part. — Pitijroclia myriantha, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 236.

TV. Australia. Northern districts, Drummond; Murchison river, Oldjteld; Dirk
Hartog's island, 31artin.

3. D. reticulata, Dritmm. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 5?. An under-
shrub or shrub with the g'eneral habit of D.fulva, the stems erect or
ascending- covered with the same dense cottony wool of a white or
brownish hue. Leaves opposite or scattered, sessile, oblong* or ovate-
lanceolate, obtuse, usually smaller than in D.fidva, less narrowed at
the base, the marg-ins revolute, much wrinkled above and reticulate
underneath, pubescent above and hoary-tomentose underneath, but the
cotton not dense enoug-h to conceal the reticulations. Flowers rather
larg-er than in D.fidoa, in dense heads of | to 1 in. diameter, which
are either several tog-ether in terminal cor^^mbs or solitar}' on the side
branches, the outer bracts often leaflike, the inner ones small. Pedicels
about 1 line long-. Calyx rather more than 1 line long', divided to the
base into linear seg-ments. Corolla 2 to 2| lines long-, the lobes shorter
than the tube. Stamens long-er than the corolla-lobes. Ovary tomen-
tose. Style rather long-er than in D. fulva, hairy with glabrous
branches.

"^W. Australia, Drummond, Ath coll. n. 94.

Malloi)hora corymhosa, Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 64, appears to nie from a cursory in-
spection without examination of the specimen in the Vienna herbarium, to be a very
wuolly variety of Dicrastyles reticulata.

4. D. parvifolia, F. Muell. Fra^pn. ii. IGO. An erect undershrub or
shrub of 1 to 2 ft., with nuinerous rather slender branches, the whole
plant hoary or white with a close tomentum. Leaves linear, obtuse,

44 xni. verbenace.t:. [Dicrastyles.

with revolute maro-ins, from \ to rather alK)vo J- in. lonp-, h)sing- the
tomentum on the upper side when old, and tlien somewhat rugose.
Flowers in compact head-like c^Tnes, forming- tricliotomous corymbose
panicles as in D. fidva, but very much smaller and the bracts very
small. Calyx almost sessile, scarcely above \ line long-, divided almost
to the base into oblong- seg-ments. Corolla about 1 line long-, very
broad and open, the lobes much long-er than the tube and one larger
than the others. Stamens 5 as in the other species, long-er than the
corolla. Ovary tomentose. 8tyle-branches long-er than the entire
part. — D. ros>iuirin{/olia, Turez.in Cull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 18G3 ;
ii. 226.

W. Australia, Dntmmond, n. 176, 236 ; Young river, East river, and OlJfield
rivL-r, Ma.nnll.

5. D. stoechas, Dnimm. in Ilodk. Kem Journ. vii. 57. A diffuse,
mucli branclietl, h)w underslirub, with the aspect of a Gnaphalium or
Fihujo, donsely clotlied in every part with wliite wool. Leaves opposite
or scattered, s'essile, oblong-, obtuse, with revolute marg-ins, 2 to 4 lines
long-, thick and soft, very rugose undor the white wool. Flowers
numeroiis in dense terminal woolly heads of \ ^o f in. diameter, not
panicuhite. Bracts small exce})t the out^r ones which are sometimes
leafy and 1 to 2 lines long-. Calyx about 1 line long, divided to the
base into linear lobes. Corolla l^- lines long, the lobes rather shorter
than the tube. Stamens long-er than the corolla-lobes. Ovary as well
as the entire part of the style tomentose or wooUy, containing" but a
sing-le cell and ovule in all the tiowers examined, but they were all
somewhat enlarg-ed after fecundation, probably as in the rest of the
g-enus 2-celled at an earlier stag-e, but in the rather numerous speci-
mens in the collections before me I have not succeeded in finding- either
buds or far advanced fruits.

^V. Australia, Drummond, 5th coll. suppl. n. 95.

9. CHLOANTHES, E. Br.

Calyx more or less deeply divided into 5 narrow herbaceous lobes.
Corolla-tube elono-ated, usuall}' incurved and dilated upwards ; limb 2-
lij)ped, the upper lip erect at the base with two s])reading- lobes, the
lower lip tliree-lobed, spreading-. Stamens 4, somewhat didynamous,
inserted beloAv the middle of the tube above a ring' of cottony hairs,
shorter than the upj)er lij) ; anthers without any or witli verv obscure
apj)enilag-es. Ovary imj^erfectly or almost perfectly 2-celle'd with 2
ovules in each cell laterally attached. Style very shortly 2-lobed.
Fruit a dry 4-celled tlrupe, the endocarp separating- into 2 hard 2-celled
nuts, leaving" between them a central cavity roaching- halfwav uj).
Seeds solitary in each cell, ascending-, with a thin testa and coj)ious
albumen. — Perennials undershrubs or shrubs, more or less cottonv
woolly or glandular-hirsute. Leaves ojjposite or in whorls of three,
narrow, bidlate-rugose and decurrent along- the stem. Flowers axillarv,

Chloanthes.] xcii. verbenace^. 45

solitarv, shortly pedicellat^, witli a pair of bracteoles below tlie calyx,
tlie upper Howers sometimes forminy a leafy spike.

The genus is limited to Aiistralia. The transformation of the imperfectly 2-celled
ovary into a coinplotelj 4-cclled fhiit in Ihis and the fullowing genera is effected by the
growth of the endocarp roiind the seeds, filling up the cavity in tlie uppcr part, but
usually leaving in the lower part a vacuity or so-cal!ed fifth empty cell.

Flowers mostly axillary and distant. Eastern species.

Leaves lanceohite, the margins scarcely revolute, shortly hispid
on both sides, not cottony underneath. Flowers large, the

tube narrow 1. C. ylandulosa.

Leaves narrow with very recurved niargins, white underneatli.
Corolla tube narrow (variable in size), ghibrous inside except

the ring of hairs near the base 2. C. stmcliadis.

Corolla-tube short and broad, hairy inside nnder the upper lip 3. O. parvijiora.
Flowers in short leafy spikes at the ends of the branches. Western

species 4. C. coccinea.

Pityrodia uncinata and P. Bartlingii are usually placed iii C/doanthes, of which they
have the anthers, but the corollas as well as scattered non-decurrent leaves are those of
Piti/rodia.

1. C. glandulosa, B. Br. Prod. 514. An erect perennial or under-
shrub, nearly resembling- C. sta^chadis, but coarser and taller. Leaves
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, btiDate-rug-ose and decurrent as in that
species, but mostly l^ to 3 in. long-, the marg-ins less revohite, and
both sides muricate or hispid with short rigid glandular hairs, not
white or woolly underneath. Flowers axillary, l^ in. long-, the calyx
fally \ in., the peduncles 8 to 4 lines long-, with short linear bracts
below the middle or near the base, the shape and structure of the
flowers and fruits otherwise as in C. stcechadis. — Schau. in DC. Prod.
xi. 581.

N. S. TVales. Grose river, R. Brown ; Blue Mountains, A. and B. Cunningham.
Further observations may possibly show this to be a luxuriant variety of C.
stcechadis.

2. C. stoechadis, P. Br. Prod. 614. A perennial or undershrub,
with erect simple or branched stems of 1 to 2 ft. Leaves opposite,
linear or linear-hmceolate, but often almost terete owing* to the re-
vohite marg-ins, obtuse, rarely above 1 in. long-, exceeding-ly bullate-
rug-ose and scabrous-muricate on the upper or outer surface, which is
decurrent along- the stem to the next pair of leaves, the under-surface
woolly-white but often quite concealed by the revohite margins.
Flowers " yellowish," on very short axillary pedicels, with a pair of
linear bracteoles rug-ose hke the leaves but shorter than the calyx,
inserted about the middle of the pediceh Calyx 4 to 5 hnes long-,
more or less clothed with woolly hairs inside and out, divided to the
middle or lower down into 5 hanceohite or Hnear herbaceous lobes,
bidhite like the leaves. Corolla in the typical form above 1 in. long-,
pubescent outside, the tube g-radually dilated upwards, and shg-htly
curved, glabrous inside except a ring- of woolly hairs above the ovary,
the upper lip erect, somewhat concave, with two short spreading- lobes,
the lower Hp divided into three acute very spreading- lobes, the middle
one rather long-er and more reflexed than the others. Ovary densely

46 xcii. VERBENACE^. [ChloantTies.

villous. Friiit separating- into two hemispherical reticiilate hairy
cocci the exocarj) membranous, the endocarp and phicenta forming- in
each a bony 2-celled nut with 1 seed in each nut. — Schau. in DG.
Prod. xi. b'&J ; C. lacundulijblia, Sieb. in Spreng-. Syst. ii. 756.

N. S. Wales. Ileaths about Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 185 and 186, aiid
many otliers.

Var. parviflora. Flowers smaller, but shaped like those of C. stoschadis, the corolla
aboiit f in. lonf^. — Waverley hills, Sydney, Mossman ; Wooloomooloo, A. Cunningliam,
and in some other N. S. Wales collections.

3. C. parviflora, Walp. licp. iv. 58. An erect perennial or under-
shrub, with the habit and fuliag-e of C. stocchadis, but the calyx is more
deeply divided, and the corolla, not above \ in. long-, has the throat or
upper portion of the tube broader and very hairy inside below the
uitper Hp with long' whitish hairs, the lobes are also much shorter and
all obtuse. Stamens usually shorter than in C. stcechudis, but variable.
Fruit as in C. staechadis. The colour of the flower is uncertain, being"
variously described as purple, lig-ht blue, yellow, or yellowish. —
Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 532.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, DallacJn/.

N. S. 'Wales. In the interior, Lhotzl-y {Schauer). I have not seen the original
specimens, but Walpers's character apphes rather to this than to the small-flowered
variety of C. stuchadis.

4. C. coccinea, Bartl. iti Pl. Preiss. i. 352. Au erect slightly
branched undershrub or shrub of about 1 to 2 ft., the stems usually
clothed with a white cottony avooI, concealed however by the de-
current leaves. Leaves opposite or in whorls of three, narrow and
nearly terete owing- to the revolute marg-ins, obtuse, ^ to 1 in. long",
buUate-rugose with the tubercles very reg'ular in three or four longi-
tudinal rows, coriaceous, shining', slig'htly tuberculate or muricate
and decurrent along- the stem, the white cottony under surfoce usually
completely concealed. Flowers scarlet according- to Preiss, nearly
sessile and axillary, but collected into sliort leafy spikes or heads at or
near the summits of the branches. Pedicels not 1 line long-, the linear
bracteoles near the base. Calyx 4 to 5 lines long-, deeply divided,
hirsute with long* white woolly hairs. Corolla-tube about ^ in. long",
g-radually dilated upwards, the lobes about 3 lines long-, almost acute.
Stamens cxserted from the tube. — Schau. in DC. Prod. ix. 831.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 97, 142 ; Hay district, Preiss, n. 2339.

Chiefly distinguislied from the eastem C. stocchadis by the more rigid regnlarly bul-
late leaves, and by the inflnrescence.

There is apparontly a tiftli spccies with decurrent leaves, of which the specimens
froni Depucch ishuul, N.W. Coast, Bynoe, are in a state of very young bud, iusufficient
for description.

10. PITYRODIA. R. Br.

(Quoya, Gaudich. Dasymalla, Endl.)

Calyx more or less deeply 5-lobed. Corolla-tube broad, usually
sliort, more rarely elong-ated ; linib of 5 spreading- lobes more or less
distinctly 2-lipped, or oblique witli the lowest lobe rnuch larg-er than

Fitl/mlia.] XCIl. VERUENACKiE. 47

tlie otliers. Stamens 4, usually didynamous ; included or shortly
exserted ; antlier-cells all, or onc of eacli anther, or those ot" one pair of
anthers, tipped ut the lower end by a sniall or very prominent ap-
pendag-e rarely entirely delicient. Ovary imperfectly or ahnost per-
fectly :L3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell laterally attached to a short or
very long- funicle. Style very shortly ;3-lobed, and often dilated at the
base of tiie lobes. Fruit a dry drupe, tlie endocarp separating- into two
2-celled nuts with one seed in each cell, or reduced Ijy abortion to one
or two sing-le-seeded nuts. Seeds ascending-, with a thin testa and
copious albumen. — Shrubs or undershrubs, more or less clothed with
cottony wool. Leaves scattered or irreg-ularly opposite, not decurrent.
Flowers solitary, or in cymes or clusters, axillary or collected in ter-
minal c}anes or leafy spikes.

The genus is limited to Aiistralia, differing from CJiloanthes in foliage, in the corolla-
tube usually shorter and much broader, and in the appendages to the authers which are
usually very distinct, although in a i'e\v species very much reduced or obsolete. The
coroUa aiso of some species is very nearly that of Chloanthes parvijiora, but the pecu-
liar foliage of the latter genus, which is coustant, may be sufficieut to maintain it as
distinct.

Leaves oblong or lanceolate, the margins slightly recurved.
Calyx (not exceeding 3 lines), with lanceolate lobes.
Flowers axiihiry.
Leaves petiolate, lanceolate, very rugose, 1 to 2 in. long. To-

mentum ferruginous \. P. salvifolia.

Leaves nearly sessile, mostly obtuse, under | in. long. To-

mentum hoary or white 2. P. hemigenioides.

Leaves linear or lanceolate with revolute margins, very rugose
(as in Chloanthes) but not decurrent. Calyx (4 to ti lines)
with linear plumose lobes. Flowers axillary or in spikes.
Leaves mostly linear, the floral ones exceeding the flowers . 3. P. uncinata.
Leaves mostly lanceolate, the floral ones not exceeding the

flowers 4. P. Bartlingii.

Leaves ovate oblong or hmceolate, flat thick and soft. Calyx (3
to 6 lines) with narrow or hinceolate lobes. Flowers usually
in dense or interrupted spikes.
Calyx about 5 lines long, woolly-tomentose.

Corolla-tube shorter than the calyx ; middle lobe twice as

broad as the others 5. P. verhascina,

CoroUa-tube longer than the calyx, the three lower lobes

broad 6. P. racemosa.

Calyx scarcely 3 lines long, densely plumose-hairy. Corolla-
tube not exceeding the calyx ; middle lobe twice as broad

as the others 1. P. Drummondii.

Leaves without revolute margins. Calyx-lobes ovate oblong or
spathulate, very obtuse.
Leaves very rugose, contrcated below the middle but sessile
and dilated at the base.
Corolla-tube much longer than the calyx, gradually dilated

upwards 8. P. dilatata.

Corolla-tube broadly campanulate, not much exceeding the

calyx 9. P. cuneata.

Leaves petiolate, broadly ovate or orbicular. Calyx-Iobes en-
larged and thin after flowering.
Very thickly woolly-tomentose. Calyx 6 to 8 lines long.
Corolla-lobes nearly of equaV breadtb 10. P. Oldfieldii.

48 xcii. VERBENACE^. [Pityrodia.

Hoary or white with a close tonientnm. Calyx 3 to 5 lines
long. Corolhi with the lowest lobe twice as broad as the
others 11. P. atriplicina.

Like R atripUdna, but smaller, with a looser inflorescence

and sniallor flowers 12. P. panicidata.

1. P. salvifolia, I?. Br. Prod. 513. A slirub of spreading growth, at-
tainino- (j to 8 ft., with a strong- sag-e-like scent, the branches densely
clothed with a woolly tomentum usually rust-coloured, but sometimes
Avhitish. Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, lanceolate or ahnost linear,
obtuse or ratheracute, 2 to Soreven 4 in. long-, very rug-ose, pubescent
above, cottony and rusty or whitish underneath. Flowers nearly sessile,
in axilhary clusters of 2, 3, or rarely more. Bracts very narrow, the
outer ones shorter than the calyx, the inner ones much smaller. Calyx
turbinate-campanulate, nearly 3 lines long-, prominently ribbed,
tomentose, divided to rather below the middle into lanceolate acuminate
lobes. Corona white, scarcely exceeding- the calyx, the tube broadly
campanuhite, with a dense ring- of hairs inside below the stamens ; lobes
shorter than the tube, the 2 upper ones rather more united, the middle
lower one rather broader than the others. FiLaments very short;
anthers almost exserted, the two lower ones with prominent appendao-es,
the two upper ones with shorter ones, and in one bud I found a nfth
rudimentary stamen. Ovary g-hibrous ; ovules attached close to the
top with a short funicle. Fruit ahnost completely 4-celled. — Schau.
inDC. Prod. xi. 028; Premna salvifoUa, S{)reng-. Syst. ii. 755.

Queensland. Northumberland islands, R. Brown ; barren rocky hills, Cleveland
bay, A. Cunningham; uear Rockhampton, O^Shanesy ; near Mount Hedlow, Dallachy.

2. P. hemigenioides, F. Muell. A rig-id divaricate shrub of 1 to
3 ft., the branches cottony-white or woolly-tomentose. Leaves sessile
or the hirger ones shortly petiolate, narrow-ovate or oblong-, rather
crowded on the branches, obtuse, the marg-ins recurved, rounded or
cordate at the base, from about \ to above -| in. long;, rather rigid, at
first cottony-white but becoming- g-hibrous and minutely rug-ose above,
reticuhite underneath. Flowers solitary, shortly pedicelhite, or nearly
sessile in the axils of the upper smaller leaves. Bracteoles linear, leafy.
Calyx about 3 Hnes long-, turbinate-campanulate, strong-fy ribbed, di-
vided to much behnv the raiddle into lanceolate lobes. Corolla 5 to
6 hnes long-, the tube sliort and much dilated, the lobes about as long;-
as the tube, the 2 upper ones shortly united, the middle lower one
rather broader than the others. Stamens slig-htfy exceeding- the tube ;
anther-cells with minute appendages, one cell of each of the upper
ones occasionally abortive. Ovary tomentose, ovules attached at or
near the top by a very short funicle. — Chloanthes hcmigemoides or
Quoya hemif/cnioides, F. MuelL Fragm. vi. 156.

W. Australia. Northern districts, Drummond ; Dirk Hartog'8 island, 3Iilne.
N. Australia. A singlc specinien without flowers from M'Douall Stuarfs
JExpedition appears to belong to this species.

3. P. uncinata, Benth. An erect branching- shrub of 1 to 2 ft., the
branches covercd with white cottony wool. Leaves crowded but not

Piti/rodia.] xcii. verbenace.e. 49

decurrent, scattered or in irreg-ular whorls of three, linear or linear-
hmceohxte, usually taperinj^- towards the end and often hut not always
terniinating- in a hooked hhmt point, the margins recurved or revolute,
more or less hunate-rug-ose, the half-concealed under surface woolly-
white or nearly g-hihrous. Flowers soHtary in the axils of the upper
leaves, forming- long- leafy spikes, usually very woolly-hairy, the lioral
leaves mostly exceeding- the tiowers. Pedicels very short. Calyx
ahout 4 Hnes long", deeply divided into narrow memhranous hairy
lohes, sometimes sHg-litly huHate and muricate at the end. CoroUa-
tuhe scarcely J in. long", much dilated upwards and sHg-htly incurved,
the Hmh 2-Hpped, hali as long" as the tuhe, the upper Hp very shortly
2-lohed, the lower of 3 very spreading- lohes. Stamens included in the
tuhe or the lower ones shortly exserted. Anther-ceUs (all ?) without
any appendag-es. Ovary tomentose, without any hypogynous disk ;
ovules attached at or near the top, with a very short or scarcely any
funicle. — Chloanthes uminata, Turcz. in BulL Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc.
18G3. ii. 194 ; C. bullata, F. MueH. Frag-m. vi. 156.

VT. Australia, Drummond, Ath coll. n. 160, /. S. Boe ; Oldfield river, Maxwell.

Var. exserta. Coarser, the leaves mostly cordate aud stem-clasping. Flowers ratlier
larger, the stamens exserted. — Cape Arid, Maxwell.

This and the foUowing species are usually placed in Chloanthes, and the anther-
appendages, conspicuous in the majority of Pityrodia, are liere very ohscure, hut the
shape of the flowers as well as the scattered non-decurrent leaves appear to me to
place them much hetter in the latter than in the former genus.

4. P, Bartlingii, Benth. Stems, from a woody base, 1 to 2 ft.
hig'h, densely clothed with white wool often intermixed with long'
soft hairs and sometimes turning" to a reddish hrown. Leaves scat-
tered or in whorls of three, not much crowded, hmceolate or Hnear, the
margins more or less revolute, huHate and hairy or nearly g-lahrous
outside, more or less wooHy-white underneath. Flowers soHtary or

3 tog'ether on short peduncles in the axils of the upper leaves, which
are always smaller and sometimes reduced to hracts, forming- terminal
spikes of 3 to 4 in., very hairy with lotig- soft hairs, and either con-
tinuous or interrupted and more leafy at the hase. Calyx divided to
the base into Hnear or Hnear-lanceolate membranous hairy segments of

4 to 6 Hnes. Corolla usuaUy about ^ in. long-, very much dilated ahove
the inner ring* of wooHy liairs into a hroad campanulate throat but
obHque and somewhat incurved, the lobes aU short and broad. Stamens
sHg-htfy exserted; anthers with minute ohtuse appendag-es sometimes
almost ohsolete, the upper pair usuaUy smaller than the lower. Ovary
tomentose, the ovules attached near the top to exceedingiy long* iiexuose
fiHform funicles. — Chloanthes Bartlinqii., Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamh.
1844; BartL in PL Preiss. i. 352; Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 531.

VT. Australia. Swan river and Darliug range, Drummond, \st coll. n. 447, Preiss,
n. 2340, Oldfield and others.

The leaves are exceedingly variable, sometimes all narrow and under i| in. long; in
some large-flowered specimens lanceolate, l^ in. long, not much revolute and very
densely woolly underneath ; in other specimens narrower and so much revolute as com-
pletely to couceal the wool. Some of 01dfield's specimens have very small leaves, the
fioral ones broad and almost ovate, wilh rather smaller flowers.

VOL. V. E

60 xcu. VERBENACEiE. [Pityrodia.

Some Victorian speciraens, from nearSwan Hill on tlic Murray, W. Boss, may be-
long to some Pttyrodla allied to P. uncinata or P. BartUngii, but being without
flower or fruit they cannot be deterrained.

5. P. verbascina, F. MueU. A stout erect slirub, densely clotlied
as in P. ()/<l/irldii Avitli cottonv wool, often lloccose and sometimes
assuming- a g-olden or orang-e-red hue in the upper part of the plant.
Leaves opposite or in whorls of three, ovate or oblong-, ohtuse, sessile
or contracted into a petiole, 1 to 2 in. long-, verv thick and soft, the
veins concealed hy the wool, the floral ones smaller, the upper ones
shorter than the' calyx. Flowers verv shortly pedunculate, usually
several together in the upper axils, forming- a dense or inter-
rupted more or less leafv spike. Bracts small or none. Calyx aboiit
5 Unes long, very woolly, very deeply divided into narrow 8-nerved
seg-ments. Corolla about ^ in. long-, tomentose, the tube much dilated,
tlie 1? upper lobes sliort and broad, the 2 lateral ones smaller and
triang-ular, the lowest one very much hirg-er and more than twice as
broad as any of the others. Stamens included or shortly exserted ;
anther-appendag'es variable, usually one larg-e one to one cell of each
anther, the other cell without any or with a smaller one. Ovules
attached at or near the top by a very short fiinicle. Fruit obovoid or
depressed, often obhque, about 1|- Unes long-, usually ripening* only
2 soeds (one to each carpel) but occasionally all 4 are enlarg-ed. —
Chloanthes verhascinn, F. MuelL Frag'm. i. 233 ; Qnoya verhascina, F.
MueU. Frag-m. iv. 80.

y^. Australia. Murcliison river, Oldfield, Drummond, Gth coll. n. 140.

6. P. racemosa, Prnth. An erect shrub or imdershrub of about
2 ft., densclv covered witli white wool, sometimes loose and floccose,
sometimes shorter and closer. Leaves opposite, oblong- or oval, very
obtuse, sessile and sometimes stem-chisping-, mostly | to above 1 in.
long-, thick and soft, reticulate-rug-ose but the wrinkles concealed by
the tomentum, and otherwise flat. Flowers " resembUng- in colour and
in shajie those of the g-arden sag-e," soUtary or more frequently in
cymes of 3 to 5, the pcduncles very variable in leng-tli but alwavs
shorter than the leaves, forming- an interrupted terminal leafv raceme.
Bracts usually short. Calyx about 5 Unes long-, divided ahuost or quite
to the base into 5 narrow membranous 3-nervpd sog-monts. CoroUa
nearly 1 in. lon"-, the tube much dihited upwards, the 4 upper lobes
nearly equal in leng-th, broad, spreading-, puboscent outsido, the lowest
twice as broad as the others and g-hdjrous. Stamens as long- as the tubc
or shortly exserted, the anthor-cens Unear, at length diverg-in"-, with
sliort appendag-es. Ovulos attached noar tho top, with sliort funicles.
Fruit ripening-, occasionaUy at least, aU tlie four seeds. — Quoya (/) racc-
mosa, Turcz. in BuU. Soc! Lnp. Nat. Mosc. 1863. ii. 194 ; C7iloanthes
stachyodes, or Quotja stachyodes, F. MueU. Frag-m. v. 50, vi. 158; Dasy-
malla axillaris and D. terminalis, Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 11, 12.

W. AuBtralia, Dntmmond, 3rd coll. n. 141, bth coll. n. 73 ; ncar Mount Walter
Ilerh. F. MiirJkr, collector iiot namcd. '

PUijrodia.] xcii. vehbenace.i:. 51

7. P. Drummondii, Turcz. in Bull. Suc. Iinp. Nut. Mosc. 1803. ii. 213.
An Tindershnib with lono- prect slig-htly branched stems attaining- 3 or

4 ft., the lowcr part of the steni and leaves nsnally loosely tomentose
and more or less Hoccose, the upper part of the stem and sometimes the
whole plant except the inflorescence and calyxes quite giabrous.
Leaves opposite or in whorls of three, oval-oblong- or lanceolate,
obtuse, often irregularly crenate, contracted at the base, mostly | to
l^ in. long", rug-ose but otherwise flat, the floral ones very small or
entirely wanting-. Flowers small, whitish, in dichotomous cymes
sometimes pedunculate and many-flowered, sometimes condensed into
sessile opposite heads in distant pairs forming' a long* interru])ted
terniinal raceme-like panicle. Calyx scarcely 2 lines long-, divided
to about I into linear membranous slig-htly unequal lobes, clothed out-
side with hairs sometimes very short, more frequently very long-, re-
peatedly forked, soft and often assuming- a purple hue. CoroUa about

5 lines long-, the tube very broad and oblique, the 2 upper lobes short
and erect, the 2 hiteral ones rather larg-er, the lowest twice as broad
and long-er than the others. Ovary giabrous or sligiitly woolly, usually
with only 2 perfect ovules, each one attached to an exceedingiy long'
filiform and several times folded funicle. Fruit not seen. — Chloanthes
loxocarpa, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 22 ; Quoya loxocarpa, F. Muell.
Frag-m. iv. 80.

V^. Australia. Murcbison river, Oldfield, Drummond, 6th coll. n. 141 ; Flinders'
Bay, Collie.

The indumentum of tlie calyx and sometiraes of the whole plaiit is exceedingly
variable.

8. P. dilatata, F. Muell. A branching- shrub, densely clothed with
a white cottony wool, more or less floccose on the branches and calyxes,
shorter on the leaves and sometimes disappearing- from the old ones.
Leaves obovate or oblong--spathulate, narrowed below the middle,
dilated and stem-clasping- at the base, thick and much bullate-rug-ose
on the upper surface, reticulate underneath, otherwise flat or nearly
so. Flowers all axillary, mostly solitary on short pedicels, forming"
sometimes a long- interrupted leafy spike. Bracteoles short, linear.
Calvx 4 to 5 lines long", divided to the base into 5 narrow somewhat
spathulate membranous seg"ments, very thickly Avoolly outside. Corolla
9 to 10 lines long-, the tube g-radually dilated upwards but scarcely
more so than in some species of Chloanthes, upper lobes of the limb
erect and acute, lateral ones reflexed, the lowest one rather larg-er
than the others and reflexed. Upper pair of stamens about as long' as
the corolla-tube, lower pair long-er ; anther-cells with minute appendag-es.
Ovary very densely villous on a small giabrous disk ; ovules attached
above the middle to rather long- erect funicles or almost sessile and
attached at or near the top. Fruit not seen. — Chloanthes dilatata or
Quoija dialata, F. Muell. Frag-m. vi. 157.

VT. Australia, Drummond, n. 210.

9. P. cuneata, Bcnth. A rigid divaricate shrub, densely clothed
witli cotton}' stellate or branched white or yellowish hairs, more woolly

E 2

5*2 XCII. VERBENACE^. [1'itjroiUa.

and sometimes floccose on the branches, shorter and more scabrous on
the leavps. Leaves opposite, obovate or cuneate, very obtuse, contracted
below tlie middlc, sessile and usually dihitcd or almost auriculate at the
base, ^ to | in. lonji', very thick and rcticuhite on both sides, quite Hat
or the marg-ins recurved only at the narrow base. Flowers " blue,"
sohtary or in pedunculate cymes of three, all axillary. Ca]yx-h)bes
ovate, obtuse, more or less distinctly arrang-ed in two Hps and about as
lon<^ as the tube at the time of tlowerinp-, when in fruit more distinctly
and deeply 2-Hpped, membranous, reticuhite and vcry woolly outside.
Corolla exceeding- the calyx, very broadly campanuhite above the inner
ring' of hairs, the lowest lobe much broader than the others. Stamens
shortly exceeding- the corolla ; anther-cells with short appendag-es at
the base. Fruit woolly-hairy, ratlier above 1 line long-, and broader
than long, dividing into two L'-celled nuts, the cavity of their inner
faces broad short and only slightly excavated. — Qjioya mnicata, Gaud.
in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 404, t. QQ.

IV. Anstralia. Sharks Bay, Gaudichaud; waste places, Sliarks Baj, rare, Milne.
The spotiiiuns cxaniined being far advanced, the details of the tlower are chiefiy taken
from (iaudicbaud's ligiirc aiid description.

10. P. Oldfieldii, F. Mudl. An erect shrub of 2 to 3 ft., the
branches and leaves thicker and more densely tomentose-woolly or
scabrous-hispid with branched hairs than in any other species except
P. verhamm. Leaves opposite, broadly ovate obovate or almost rhoni-
boidal, ver}' obtuse, ilat but the margins minutely undulate, | to l|in.
long, narrowed into a short petiole or almost sessile but not dilated at
the base. Flowers " pink," solitary, or 3 together on very short
axillary pedunclcs, rarcly exceeding the leaves, Calyx 0 to 8 lines
long, very thickly woollv, divided to nearly the middle, the lobes
oblong, very obtuse, memljranous, 3-nerved, reticulatc, the two upper
ones rather higher connate than the others. Corolla about | in. long,
tomentose outside, much dihited, the lobes all broad and nearly equal.
Anther-appcndagcs very distinct. Ovary very woolly-hirsute ; ovules
attached at or ncar the top by very short funiclcs. Fruit not seen ripe. —
Chluaiithcs Ohl/icldii, F. Mucll. i^ragin. i. 234; Qnoya Ohljcldii, F.
Muell. Frao-m. iv. 80, but not Q. cuncata Gaud., to which it is referred
by F. Muell. Fragm. vi. l;j?.

W. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield; Drummond, Gth coll. n. 139.

11. P. atriplicina, F. MucU. A tall much-branched shrub, white
or hoary Avith a dcnse but close and short tomentum, sometimes looser
and almost tioccose on the branches. Leaves opposite, broadly ovate
obovate or orbicular, \ to above 1 in. diameter, contracted into a short
petiole, the venation usually concealed by the tomcntum. Flowers in
the upper axils, in pcdunculate cymes or rarely solitary, forming often
a short broad leafy panicle. Bracts small. Calyx var^-ing from 3 to
5 lines in length, the tube ovoid or turbinjite, the lobes ovate or
oblong, obtuse, shorter than the tube. Corolla 0 to 8 lines lono-
tomentose outside, much dihited, the lobes short and broad, the lowest

ritjl'()dia.\ XCII. VERBENACE^. 63

tAvice as larg-e as tlie othors and very broad. Aiithers of the lower
stamens with appendag-es to one or to both of the cells, of the upper
stamens usually without appendag-es. Ovary densely tomentose,
ovules attached at or near the top with very short funicles. Fruit
not seen. — Chloanthes atriplicina, F. Muell. Frag-m. i. 235 ; Quoya atri-
plicina, F. Muell. Frag-m. iv. 80.

W. Australia. Miirchison river, Oldfield ; Drummond, (Sth coU. n. 138; Sharks
Bay, Maitland Broicn.

12. P. paniculata, F. MiieU. Evidently nearly allied to P. atri-
plicina, with the same close white indumentum, and perhaps a variety or
even a ihtferent state only of the same species, but only known from a
small frag-ment, showing- looser cymes with very small oblong- lloral
leaves and smaller tiowers, the calyx rather more deeply divided into
oblong'-spathuhite or ahuost obovate lobes. The structure of the
flowers appears to be the same as that of P. atriplicina. — Chloanthes
panicidata, or Quoya paniculata, F. Muell. Frag'm. iv. 80,
W. Australia. Sharks Bay, Maitland Bi-own {Eerb. F. MuelL).

11. CYANOSTEGIA. Turczan.
(Bunnya, F. Muell.)

Calyx broadly campanuhite, expanding- after flow^ering", opening- very
flat, membranous, reticuhite, the marg-in sinuate-toothed or 5-lobed.
CoroUa broadly campanuh^te, g-hibroiis inside, the limb 5-lobed, the
2 upper lobes rather long-er than the 3 lower. Stamens 4, inserted
near the base of the coroUa ; anthers larg-e, oblong-, without appendag-es.
Ovary small, depressed, 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell laterally
attached; style elong-ated, minutely and often unequally 2-lobed.
Fruit in the centre of the enhirg-ed calyx, small, hard, usually more or
less obhque, and ripening- 1 or 2 ascending- or oblique seeds, resembling*
those of Chloanthes and Pityrodia. — Ghibrous and apparently g-lutinous
shrubs. Leaves opposite, undivided, not decurrent, the upper floral
ones reduced to small bracts. Peduncles axillary, 1- or 3-flowered,
forming' a loose terminal panicle. Bracteoles small.

The genus is Hmited to Australia, and nearly allied to the two preceding ones
althongh without any cottony wool.

Leaves linear, often folded lengthwise 1. C. avgustifolia,

Leaves lanceolate, flat 2. C. lanceolata.

Leaves cuiieate-oblong 3. C. Bunnyana.

1. C. angustifolia, Tnrcz. in Bull. Soc. Inip. Nut. Mosc. 1849, ii. 36.
An erect g-hibrous shrub, the upper part often appearing' g'lutinous.
Leaves linear, obtuse or with a short hooked point, flat or concave
with the margins folded inwards, often bordered by small distant teeth,
1 to 2 in. long", rather thick and nerveless, the floral ones much smaller,
the upper ones reduced to small bracts. Peduncles opposite, the
upper ones usually short, 1-flowered, with a pair of small bracteoles
under the calyx, the lower ones often 3-flowered or g-rowing" out into a
flowering- branch, the whole forming- a loose pyramidal panicle. Calyx

54 Xni. VKUBE.VACE^E. [CiJ(inostcflil(.

at tlie tiino of floworinp' not niucli long-er tlian the corolla, when ex-
panded undor the fruit as much as | in. diameter, pubescent outside, of
a hluoi.sli hiu\ irro^-uhirly sinuate-toothed or more deeply and broadly
6-lohod. Corolhi nearly" 8 lines h)nji-, apparently purj^le, pubescent
outside, the lobos shorter than the tube. Antliers shortly i^rotruding-,
Fi-uit not soon perfect. — C. iiifrr//ir(Iia, Turcz. h c.

W. Australia, Drummond, 3rd coll. n. 140, Ath coll. n. 161.

2. C. lanceolata, T/t/-c-. i/i BuU. S(/c. I//ip. Nat. Mosc. 1849, ii. 35.
An erect g-hibrous shrub closely alhed to C. a/)fjmtifolia, and united
witli it by F. Muelh Frag-m. vi. 154, under the name of C. Tti/-czani/iovii,
but tlie leaves, in the numerous specimens seen, are constantly hm-
ceohite and flat, varyino- from 1 in. to above 2 in. in leng-th. Flowers
rather hirger and more numerous tlian in C. a//fittstifolia. Fruit small,
hard, dopressed, liirsute with long- branclied hairs, most frequently
l-soo(h'd.

W. Australia, Dnnnmoiul, {\st coll. ?) n 440, 3rd coU. n. 139.

3. C. Bunnyana, F. Mitell. F/-afi//i. v. 36. An erect g-hibrous and
apjiarontl}' ghitinous shrub of 3 to 4 ft. closely resembling the two
other s])ecios, except that the leaves are cuneate-oblong- and slightly
toothod towards the end, and the flowers form a very long narrow
panicle in the few specimens seen. Calyx cpiite g-labrous outside, and
usually more entire than in the other species, but some calyxes of
C. a/if/ustifolia are in Hke manner only sHghtly sinuate-toothed. Fruit
hirsute witli branched hairs as in C. la/iccolatu. — Bu///i/ja ctja/iocaJijx,
F. Muelh Fragm. v. 30, t. 39.

N. Australia. Roebuck Bay, N.W. Coast, Martin.

The three bpecies, as suggested hy F. Mueller, may prove to be forms of one very
variable species, but as yet we have iio intenueJiates.

12. DENISONIA, F. :\ruen.

Calyx 10-ril)ljed, dividod to tho middlo into 5 narrow lobes, not much
enlarged aftor flowering. Corolhi-tube not much dilated, limb 2-lippod,
the upper lip erect with 2 spreading- lobes, the lower li}) 3-lobed,
spreading-. Stamens 4, inserted above the middle of the tube, shortly
exserted ; anther-cells divergent, Avithout appendag-es. Ovary 2-celled,
with 2 ovules in each cell laterally attached near the top. Style fili-
form, very shortly 2-lobed. Fruit dry, 4-celled, the endocarp
separating into two 2-celled nuts. Seed solitary in each cell, albuminous.
— Aromatic shrub, scarcely tomontose. Leaves in whorls of 3 or
scattered, not decurrent. Jlowers solitary in the axils, on short
pcdicels, with a pair of bracteoles under the calyx.

The geiius is hniited to a siiigle species, endcmic in Australia and scarcely diflering
from Odoanthes, exccpt in tiie non-decunent leaves.

1. D. temifolia, F. Mmll. Frafjm. i. 124, t. 2. An erect slirub of
several ft. with a strong- aromatic odour, the branches virg-ate, clothod
with a short glandular tomentum intermixed with long- slightly

Deniso/liti.] XCII. VERBENACE^. 55

branclied spreading" hairs. Leaves sessile, ovate to lanceolate, acute and
mucronate, bordered by acute mueronate teeth, | to l^ in. long-, rig-id
but not thick, sprinkled with short hairs, nearly smooth above, with
ver}" strong- raised veins and reticuhitions underneath. Flowers shorter
than the leaves, the bracteoles Hnear, acute. Calyx narrow campanu-
hite, about 4 or at leng-th 5 Hnes long, the lobes lanceolate, acute.
Corolla-tube rather shorter than the calyx, hairy inside below the
insertion of the stamens ; the upper Hp usually shorter than the lower,
and tlie middle lower lobe usuaHy but not always elongated. Ovary
toinentose at the top. Fruit oblong-, attenuate at the base, nearly 2
Hnes long", tomentose. Seeds narrow, tapering at the base.

N". Australia. TowarJs the sources of the Seven-Emu and M'Arthur rivers,
Gulf of Carpentaria, F. Mueller.

13. SPARTOTHAMNUS, A. Cunn.

Calyx very open, 5-lobed. CoroHa-tube short and broad ; Hmb
spreading, 6-lobed, the middle lower lobe rather hirger than the others.
Stamens 4, exserted ; anther-ceHs with minute tips at the lower end.
Style fiHform, with 2 rather long branches. Ovary imperfectly
S-ceHed, with 2 ovules in each ceH hiteraHy attached at or above the
middle. Fruit a smaH globuhir succulent drupe, the endocarp sepa-
rating into 4 1-seeded pyrenes, usuaHy separated at the base by a central
cavit}'. Seeds albuminous. — Shrub or undershrub, with few smaH
distant leaves, aH opposite and not decurrent. Flowers very small,
soHtary in the axils, with smaH bracteoles.

The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia, very nearly allied to
Pityrodia, but with a different habit, and difters from all the preceding genera by its
succulent drape, and from the follo^^ang ones by its albuminous seeds and solitary
tiowers.

1. S. junceus, A. Cunn. in Luud. Hort. Brit. 600, and in Walp. Rep.
vi. 694. An undershrub or shrub of several ft., glabrous or pubescent
with branching' hairs, the branches divaricate, rigid, acutely 4-angled,
brooniHke and appearing ahnost lealless, the smaHer branchlets often
2 or 3 togetlier at the nodes. Leaves smaH and distant, often reduced
to smaH scales, aU opposite, when more developed especiaHy on young-
shoots :j to ^ in. long, hmceolate or ovate-lanceolate, entire or with a
few coarse teeth, the margins recurved. Flowers veiy smaH, on short
pedicels with 2 smaH bracteoles about the middle. Calyx about 1 Hne
long-. CoroHa shortly exceeding the calyx, the tube broad, with a ring
of short hairs inside near the top, the lobes rather longer than the tube.
Ovary glabrous. Fruit quite smooth, (orang-e-red .''), 1 to 2 Hnes
diameter. — A. DC. Prod. xi. 705.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, A. Cunnijigham ; Suttor range and
Burnet river, F. Jlueller; Wide Bay, LeichharOt ; Cape and Isaacs rivers, Buicman ;
sandbtone ritlges of the iuterior, Mitchell; ArmadiOa, Burton.

N. S. Wales. Steriie country, Mount Aiton, Peers Range, A. Cunningham;
Macleay and Clarence rivers, Beckltr ; New Englaud, C. Stuart.

This plant had been placed in Myoporineae and retained there by A. De Candolle

5(> xcii. VKunKXACK^. [S/MtrfofJi/ininus.

(who hail 110 spec-imcns iii an examinable state) owins to Walpers having erroneoiisly
describr(l tlie rndiclc as Biipprior. F. IMncller, in referrins it correctly to Verbenaceae
(Krajm. vi. 15;i) adduces TtucriiHnm, llook f froni Ncw Zealand, as a second species,
which liowever can .'•carccly bc adniitted— the aiithcrs and lobcd ovary and fruit of
the lattcr plant showing a nearer rehition to Oxera and a fcw other genera which
conncct Verbcnaceae with ihe tribe Ajugoideae of Labiatre. Tiie albuminous seeds
branching hairs and other characters of Spartuthumnus are quite those of Chloanthese.

SuBTRiBE 2. EUVITICE.S3. — Ovary not at all or scarcely lobed.
Fruit a drupe. Slirubs or trees. Flowers in cymes or clusters, axillary
or in terminal corymbose or racemose panicles. Seeds witliout albumen,
(or with a scanty albumen in some species of Vitex?).

14. CALLICARPA, Linn.

Calyx truncate or 4- rarely 5-toothed. CoroIIa with a short tube,
the linib spreading-, of 4, rareh' 5, lobes, nearly equal. Stamens 4,
rarely 0, shortly exserted. Ovary 4-ceIIed, with 1 ovule in each cell
h^torally attached at or above the middle ; style filiform, dilated and
truncate or very shortly l?-Iobed. Fruit a small succulent drupe, the
endocarp of 4 distinct 1-seeded nuts or p^-renes. Seed without albumen.
— Shrubs, rarel}' unders]irul)s, more or less cottony or woolly with
stellate hairs or rarely j;Iabrous, and often with numerous resiuous
glandular dots especially on the under side of the leaves. Leaves
opposite, undivided. Flowers small, in axillary cymes, with ver}^ small
bracts.

A considerable tropical and snbtropical gcniis, cbiefly Asiatic, with a few African
and American species. Of tbe three Australian species two are widcly di.spersed over
tlic Indian Arcbipclago, one of thcm extendinu' to the Kbasia moimtains aiid tlie othcr
at least to the Jlaiayan Peninsubi ; thc third, supposed to be cndemic in Australia, is
also perliaps not sufficitntly distinct from anothcr Asiatic specics. The genus is most
readily distinguisbed from Premna by the infiorescence, and by the flowers raore
regular with isomcrous staniens. The differences in the fruit may not be constant.
Leaves acute at the base, glabrous above, whitetomentose

nnderneath. Cymes dense. Corolla glabrous 1. C cana.

Leaves rounded at the base, pubescent or velvety above, some-

what floccose undcrncath. Cymes dense. Corolla glabrous

or neariy so, lilac or purple 2. C. pedunculata.

Lcaves acute at thc base, green on both sides. Cymes very

loose. Corolla denscly pubesceiit, white ........ 3. C lomjifolia.

1. C. cana, IJnn. Mant. 198. A "small shrub," the tomenttun close
and short, usually white, slightly floccose on the older branches.
Leaves petiolate, ovate, very shortly acuminate ; bordered by rather
broad more or less mucronate teeth, acutely narrowed at the base, 2 to
y in. long- in most of the Australian specimens, much larger and more
acumiiuite in those froiu tlie Iudian Anhipelag-o, glabrous above when
full-g-rown exc('])t a slig-ht tomeutum on the principal veins which is
rather more al)uiidant in I{. ]Jrown's specimens, memliranous when
lare-e, rather firmer and more rugose when small, white-tomentose
undorneath. Flowers small, in rathor dense cymes, the common
peduncle usually about as long- as the petiole. Calyx about | line lon"-.

Callicarpa.] xcii. verbenace^. 57

minutely 4- or 5-tootlieil. Corolla g-labrous, twiee as long- as tlie calyx.
iStaniens exserted ; anthers with small g-hinds along" the connectivum.
Drupe depressed-globuhir, not above 1 line diameter, slig-htly succulent,
the endocarp of 4 hard nuts. — Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 643 ; C. adenan-
thcm, R. Br. Prod. 513.

N. Australia. Victoria river, F. Mueller ; Groote Island, Gulf of Carpentaria,
R. Brown.

Queensland, Bowman; Edgeconibe Bay and Port Denison, Dallachy ; Gilbert
river, Daintree.

Tlie species extends over the Indian Archipelago to the Malayan pe.ninsula and the
Phiiippine islands. The Tinior and Javatiese specimens, correctly reterred here by
Scliauer, ditier but sHghtly froin the Austrah'an ones in their larger more acuminate
leaves. The figure iii Bot. Mag. t. 2107, represents a miich more wooily plant, but is
perhaps a variety only. C. bicolor, Juss., Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 642, and C erioclona,
Schau. 1. c. 643, appear to me both to be precisely the conimon Archipelago form of
C. cana. The C udenanthera referred by Schauer with doubt to C. longlfolia Lam.
appears to me to be the true C cana.

2. C. pedunculata, li. Br. Prod. 513. A shrub of 3 or 4 ft., with the
tomentum rather loose and more or less Hoccose on the branches.
Leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate-hmceohite, acuminate with the point
often rather long", rounded or scarcely contracted at the base, usually
3 or 4 in. long- in the Australian specimens, soft g-reen and velvety with
scattered hairs above, more tomentose underneath but not very w^hite.
Cymes rather loose, the peduncle often shortly exceeding- the petiole.
Flowers of C. cana, the coroUa purplish or lilac. Fruit usually much
hirg-er than in tliat species, the succulent drupes often at least \^ lines
diameter, purple when fresh. — C. dentata, Roth ? in Wall. Cat. n. 6319,
but probably not the true plant of Roth ; C. lanata, Schau. in DC.
Prod. xi. 644, not of Lam.

Queensland. Northumberland islands, Broad Sound and Shoalwater Bay, R.
Brown; Endeavour river, ^l. Cunningham ; Dawson river, F. Mueller ; Eockingham
Bay and Rockhampton, iJaZ/ac/t^ and others ; Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, W. Hdl,
F. Mueller and others.

N. S. V^ales. Clarence river, Beclder ; Tweed river, C. Moore.

The species is also in the Archipelago, and is closely allied to tlie widely diffused C.
macrophijlla, Vahh Schauer refers it to " C. lanata, Vahl. Symb. iii. 13," but, if he had
turned to the page he quotes, he would have seen that the name is Liunaeus', not
Vahl's, and relates to the very difterent Ceylou species which Schauer has published
as new under the name of C. Wallichiana.

3. C. lozigifolia, Lam. ex. Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 645, hut not C.
adenanthera, Br. A shrub of several ft., the tomentum short, not so
abundant as in most species and rarely whitish, althoug-h sometimes
reddish on the young- slioots. Leaves petiolate, oblong" or oblong*-
hmceolate, acuminate with a long- point, serrate, much narrowed at the
base, 4 to 6 in. or even longer, membranous, g-reen and nearly g-hibrous
or sprinkled with very short hairs above, more copiously tomentose and
glandular underneath but usually gTeen or very shglitly rusty or
whitish. Plowers " white," smaller than in the other species, in very
loose repeatedly forked cymes, the common peduncle scarcely exceeding-
the petiole, but the branches elongated and slender. Calyx about | line

r)R XCII. VEHBKNACE.i:. [CuUico rpu .

long-. Corulhi about 1 line, })ubesecnt outs;ide. Fruit globular, wbite,
about 1 line diameter.

Queensland. Eockingham Bay, Dallachij.

The spctics is widely spread over the Indian Archipelago, cxtending into India to
Khasia and East Bengal.

15. PREMNA, Linn.

Calyx truncate or sinuately tootlied. Corolla-tube sbort, the linib of
3, 4 OT rarely 5 short teeth or lobes, nearly equal or slig-htly 2-
lipped. Stamens 4, shorter than the corolla or rarely exserted. Ovar}^
4-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell laterally attached at or above the
middle. Style filiforin, with 2 short acute stio-matic lobes. Fruit a
small succulent drupe, with a hard 4-celled undivided kernel. Seeds
solitary in each cell, without albumen. — Shrubs or trees. Leaves op-
posite, undivided. Flowers sinall, in terminal trichotomous panicles,
or in opposite cymes or chisters forming" a terniinal spike-like thyrsus.

A considerable genus, liniited to the tropical and subtropical regions of tlie Old
AVorld. Althoui;h some, espL'cially among the Asiatic species, are vcry well niarked,
tliere are a nuniber of forms incliiding the P. integrifolia •,md P. serratifolia of Linnfeus
vhich seem to pass into each other by numerous intermediates, and it would require a
iiiuch niore detailed study of good s[>eciniens from diffcrent localities than can now be
devoted to them, to determine whether or not they can be classed into tolerably dis-
tinct races. To these would belong the first two of the following Austialian fornis here
regardpd as species, the next two are rather more distinct and apparently endemic ;
the fifth, also endemic, is a much more marked one.

Calyx very shortly and obtusely 3 lobed or obsciirely 2-lipped.

Leaves very obtuse. Corolla-tube scarcelyexceeding the calyx 1. P. ohtudfolia.

Leaves shortly acuminate. Corolla-tube nearly twice as long

as the calyx 2. P. integrifolia.

Calyx with a somewhat expanded obscurely toothed margin.

Leaves acuminate, thin, glabrous, the petiole short .... 3. P. limbata.
Calyx 5-toothed, the margin not dilated.

Leaves ovate, acuminate, on rather short petioles .... 4. P. Dallachianu.

Leaves deltoid, much acuminate (Poplar-like), on long petioles 5. P. acuminata.

1. P. obtusifolia, li. Br. Prod. 512. A shrub of 3 to 6 feet,
g"labrous in the typical form except a minute j)ubescence on the inilo-
rescence and sometimes a row of hairs along- the principal veins on the
underside of the leaves. Leaves broadly ovate obovate or almost
orbicular, usually broadly obtuse, very rarely with a short obtuse
point, cordate or very obtuse at the base, mostly 3 to 6 in. long- and
sometimes nearly as broad, the petiole varying- from ;^ to 1 in. in leng-th.
Flowers white or g-reenish, often ver}' nuiuerous, in terminal tricho-
tomous corymbose ])anicles, sometiines shorter than tlie leaves, some-
times G to 8 in. diameter. Bracts very small and narrow. Calyx
rarely above 1 line long- and usually rather sliorter, obscurely aiad
irreg-ul.irly ^-lij^ped, or ratlier very shortly and broadly 3-lobe"d, the
upper lobe broador tlian tlie others and entire or obscurely 3-toothed,
the two lower lobes entire, tlie whole calyx spreading- open under the
fruit but not othorwise enlarged. Corolla-tube about as long- as the
calyx, very hairy inside at the throat, the limb as long- as the tube,

Pirmim.] xcii. verbenaceje. 59

4-lobed, tlie npper inner lobe rather larg-er and less spreading- tban the
others. Stamens inserted in the throat and nearly as long- as the lobes.
Stvle with very short stig-matic lobes. Drupe 2 to t?^ linos diameter.
— Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. (J8? ; P. glycycocca, F. Muell. Frag-m. iii. 36.

N. Australia. Islands of tlie Gulf of Carpentaria ancl shores of the niainland,
i?. Brown, Henne, Hiilse.

Queensland. Kockiugham Bay, Dallachy ; islands off the coast frora Cape York
toCape Fhitterj, F. MueUer, W. Hill, Htnne.

Very closely allied to soine maritime fovms o^ P. integrifolia but the leaves more
obtuse, of a firmer consistence, and the corolla tube shorter. These characters may not
however prove constant.

P. attennata, R. Br. Prod. 512, Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 637, may possibly be a
variety of P. ohtusifolia, with leaves of the same consistence aud equally obtuse and a
similar inflorescence, but the leaves are narrow-obovate or oblong and cuneate or nar-
rowed at the base. There is however iu Brown's herbarium only a single speciuien in
fruit from the N. Coast, insufficient for determining whether it be really distinct.

Var. V velutina. Leaves softly tomentose on both sides, otherwise the foliage and
flowers quite those of P. ohtusifolia — Rockingham Bay, Dallachy , who notes that it is
a small tree with a spreading head.

2. P. integrifolia, Linn. ? var. A tree or shrub, either quite

flabrous or with a slig'ht pubescence on the foliag"e and inflorescence.
leaves ovate, shortly acuniinate, broad or rather narrow, usually rather
smaller than in P. oUiisiJbUa. Inflorescence and calyx entirely as
in that species, but the corolla (in the Australian form) larg-er, the
tube nearlv twice as long- as the calvx. — P. ovata and P. mcdia, R. Br.
Prod. Ql2; Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 637.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, li. Brown.

The specimens I saw in Brown's herbarium did not appear to me to be at all diffe-
rent from some Asiatic onos of P. integrifolia, a very common sea-coast plant united by
Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. 632 with P. serratifolia, Linn., under tlie hitter name, which
however appears to be the least appropriate of the two Linuaean ones for the consuJi-
dated species. The whole question however of the species of Premna requires a
thorough revision.

3. P. limbata, Bmth. A climbing- shrub (Dallach//), the young-
branches and inflorescence minutely tomentose. Leaves ovate, mostly
acuminate, rounded or broadly cordate at the base, 4 to 6 in. long-,
membranous, g-labrous or pubescent along- the veins underneath, the
petioles 1 in. long- or more. Panicles trichotomous, but not so spread-
ing- as in P. obtnsifoUa and the flowers larg-er, the pedicels often above
1 line long". Calyx fally 1 line long-, the marg'in slig'htly expanded
into broad very short obtuse or retuse teeth. Corolla-tube twice as
long- as the calyx, the upper inner lobe not much larg-er than the
others.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

■i. P. Dallachyana, Benth. A fine spreading- shrub (DaUacht/), the
young-er branches and inflorescence minutely tomeutose, the older
branches g-labrous with a lig'ht-coloured bark, the foliag-e usually drying'
black. Leaves ovate, acuminate, entire, obtuse or narrowed at the
base, mostly 2 to 3 in. long-, g-labrous or scarcely pubescent along- the
principal veins underneatli. Panicles trichotomous, corymbose, not

60 xcii. VERBENACE.E. [Prcmnu.

larg-e. Calyx scarcely 1 line long-, raore or less distinctly 5-tootlied,
the teetli very short, acute or obtuse but not dilated. Corolla-tube
twice as lung- as tlie calyx and considerably dilated upwards, hairy
inside at the throat, the lobes broad, the u})]»er inner one larg-er than
tlie otliers but entire. Staniens iisually long-er than the corolla.
Drupe depressed-g-lobular, not usually exceeding- the calyx.

Queensland. Port Dciiison and in the scrub about Edgecombe Bay, Dallachy ;
Fort Cooper, Boinnan. The calvx-lobes are moie obtuse and irregular in the Edge-
combe Bay specimens than in the others.

5. P. acTiminata, H. Br. Prod. 512. A small tree of spreading
habit, tlie inHnrcsconce and foliag-e more or less boary with a short
dose tomentum. Leaves broadly cordate-ovate, deltoid or almost
rhomboidal, acuminate, entire or coarsely and irreg'uhirly toothed, 2 to
4 in. long', more or less pubescent or tomentose on botli sides, 3- or 5-
nerved (the first and often the second pair of primary veins starting
from tlie base of the midrib), the j)etioles usually more than half as
long- as the leaves. Panicles very loose, the primary branches triclio-
tomous, the ulterior ones dichotomous, the whole panicle sometimes
8 to 10 in. broad. Flowers nearly sessile. Calyx tomentose, nearly
l^ lines long-, shortly and obtusely 5-tootlied but the 3 upper teeth
usually smaller and sometimes united as in P. ohtnsifoUa. Corolla-tube
shortly exserted, the lobes ovate, sliorter than the tube, the upper
inner one not very different from the others. Drupe depressed-
g-lobular, about 2 lines diameter. — Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 63?; F.
Muell. Frag-m. iii. 3G ; P. cordata, R. Br. 1. c. ; Schau. 1. c.

N. Australia. Ishinds oF the Gulf of Carpentaria and adjoiiiing niainland, B.
Brmvn, Henne ; Point Cunningham, Cygnet Bay, N. W. coast, and Goiilburn islands,
A Ciinmnijham ; Victoria river, F. Mueller ; Escape Cliffs, Huhe; also from M'Douall
IStuarCs L'xjjedition.

Ihe species is readily distinguished bj its PopLir-like foliage and loose inflorescence.

16. CLERODENDRON, Linn.

Calyx campanulate or intiated, 5-toothed or 5-lobed, enlarged and
spreadmg- under the fruit (except in C. hemidcrma and in some species
not Australian). CoroIIa-tube slender, often very long- ; limb spreading-
nearly equally 5-Iobed. Stamens 4, exserted and often very lono-'.
Ovary 4-celled, with 1 ovtde in each cell laterally attached at or above
the muldle. Style filiform, with 2 short acute stigmatic lobes. Fruit
a more or less succulent or almost dry drupe, the endocarp separatino-
into 4 one-celled or rarely into 2 two-celled pyrenes.— Trees or shrubs
or rarely herbs or woody climbers. Leaves opposite or in whorls.
i<lowers in loose heads or cymes, usually forming- terminal corymbose
or tliyrsoid panicles or rarely axillarv.

A considerable tropical genns chiefly Asiatic, with a few African or Amorican specirs.

v^ell Le lai.ed to ten or eleven, or redu.cd to four or five-„ne is a sea-coast plant widely
spread over tropical AMa, ihe others appear to be endemic.

Clcrudcndron.] xcii. vekbenace.e. 61

Calyx niinutcly tootlied.

Woody climber. Flowers small in compact cymes. Corolla-

tube 3 lines long. Fruit oblnng, pubesuent, siuill . . . . 1. C. hemider.na.
Erect shrub. Flowers few in axillary loose cyraes. Corolla-tube

1 in. long. Fruit obovoid, glabrous, ratlier large . . . . 2. C. inenne.
Calyx 5-lobed to tlie miildie.

Corolla-tube about 3 lines long. Stamens shortly exserted.

Leaves large and broad 3. C. Tractjanun.

Corolla-tube f to nearly 1 iu. loiig. Stamens long. Leaves
usually tomentose.
Lcaves usually broad. Flowers mostly in dense terniinal

corymbs _ 4. C tomen'omm.

Leaves usually narrow. FJowers niostly in a.^illary cymes . 5. C. lanceolatum.
Corolia-tube 1 to Ijin. long. Stamens long. Leaves usually

glabrous or tomentose only wben young 6. C. floribundum.

Corolla-tube 2 in. long or more. Stamens long. Leaves of

C.floribnndum . . . _ 7. C. Cunninghamii.

Sp'.!cies insufSciently known, witli broad tomentose, very rugose

leaves 8. C costatum.

1. C. hemiderma, F. Mucll. A tall woody climber, the youno-
parts and inllorescence more or less hoary-piibescent, the leaves b..'-
coming- g-labrous when full-gTown. Leaves shortly petiohite, broadlv
ovate, obtuse or shortly and obtusely acuminate, mostly 2 to 3 in. loni;-,
g-reen on both sides. Flowers small for the g-enus, numerous, in rather
compact trichotomous cymes either terminal or on short branches or
lealless divaricate peduncles in the upper axils. Primary bracts some-
times oblong--lanceohite and contracted into a petiole, but most of theni
very small and narrow. Calyx shortly pedicellate, narrow-campanu-
late or obovoid, about Ih lines long-, with 5 minute teeth. Corolla-
tube slender, shortly exserted but not exceeding- 3 lines, g-labrous
inside ; lobes about half as long- as the tube, more or less silky-pubes-
cent outside. Stamens about twice as long- as the corolla-lobes.
Fruiting- calyx often above 2 lines long- but remaining- narrow. Fruit
oblong-, obtuse, pubescent or hirsute, 3 to 4 lines long-, 4-celled in the
upper portion where the endocarp closes round the seecls and separates
into 4 narrow nuts, the lower seedless portion assuming- the appearance
of a wing- to each nut, whilst the lower portion of the dissepiment
remains attached to the receptacle after the nuts have fallen in a
cuneate-oblong- shape three-toothed at the top and nearly as lono- jis
the calyx. — C. (Ilcmidcrmi) Linnm, F. Muell. Frag-m. vi. 161, not of
Thwaites.

Queensland. Cape York, Daemel; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Selheim river
Boioman ; Rockhampton, Thozet.

This plant has a singular resemblance with the Cingalese C. lAnncei, Thw. which has
the same climbing habit, foliage, and infioiescence, but rather larger ifowers the outer
bracts much larger, broader, and foiiaceous, and the fruit, aithough nearly similar iu
shape, is much more normal, without the flat winglike bases of the nuts or the persisteiit
axis upon which F. Mueller has founded his sectional character of Hem.iderma.

2. C. inerme, B. Br. Prod. 511. A shrub attainin»- 6 ft. or more,
glabrous or the young- shoots slightly pubescent, the branches somc-
times dilated and hardened at the base of the leaves, but not spinescent.
Leaves on rather long- petioles, ovate or elliptical, obtuse or shortly

go XCII. VERBEXACE^E. [Ocrodcndrun.

acuiniuate, entire, mostly 2 to 3 in. long-. Pedimcles axillary, often
neailv as lonc a^ the leaVes, bearing- usually 3, but sometimes a c}-me
of 7 or evon more pedicellate Howers. Bracts minute. Calyx campa-
nulate sli<'htlv dilated on the marg-in, truncate and minutely toothed,
more open and 3 lines long- when in fruit. Corolla-tube about 1 in.
lonf, the lobes about 4 lines. Stamens protruding- about 1 in. beyond
the throat. Drupe obovoid, usually about ^ in. long-, but sometimes
much larg-er, the exocarp thick and spong-y or almost corky, with a
crustaceous endocarp. Seeds with thick cotyledons and a very short
radicle. — Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 660.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Albert river, F.
Muelhr; Fort Essington, Arrmtrovg; Adams Bav, Hidh.

Queensland. Bay of Inlets and Endeavour river, ^ants ar>d Solander ; frequent
along tbe coast from Cape York to Rockhampton, A. Cunningham, M'GilUvray, F.
Muelhr, Dnllachij, and many others.

JI. S. VTales. Ricbmond river, Hendtrson.

3. C. Tracyantim, F. MueU. A tall shrub or small tree, rather
bare of foliage, the young- branches foliag-e and intiorescence more or
less velvety-pubescent or hirsute. Leaves broadly ovate, shortly acu-
minate, roiinded or broadly cordate at the base, 4 to 8 in. long- or more,
on petioles of 1 to 4 in. Flowers in terminal trichotomous cymes, very
dense at the time of tlowering*, 3 to 4 in. diameter when in fruit. Bracts
very small and deciduous. Calyx shortly pedicellate, villous outside
g-labrous inside, turbinate-campanulate and about '2h lines long" at the
time of flowering, divided to near the middle into acute lobes, enlarg-ed
and coloured after llowering-, in some specimens Avith the fruit appa-
rentlv ripe broadly campanulate and about 4 lines diameter, in others
still more enlarg-ed and opening- almost flat to about 5 lines diameter.
Corolla-tube above 3 lines long-, slender and the 5 lobes of the limb
nearly ecpial and spreading' as in the rest of the g-enus. Stamens rather
long-er than the corolla-lobes. Drupes succulent, 3 to 4 lines diameter,
enclosing- 4 distinct 1-seeded pyrenes. — Prcmna Tracrjana or Yitcx
Traci/ana, F. Muell. Frag"m. v. 61.

Qneensland. Rockingbam Bay, Dallachy. Although the flowers are small, their
structure and that of the fruit ;ippears to me to be entirely tliose of Clerodendron, and
not at all those of Premna or Vitex.

4. C. tomentosmn, B. Br. Prod. 510. A tall slirub or small tree,
the foliage und inflorescence usually velvety-pubescent, the older leaves
rarely quite glabrous. Leaves on rather long; petioles, ovate elliptical
or almost lanceolate, shortly acuminate, acute or rarely rounded at the
base, 2 to 4 in. long*. Flowers in the normal state numerous, in com-
pact terminal cor^-mbs, with rarely a few peduncles bearing- small CATues
in the upper axils. Calyx campanxdate, softly pubescent, about 3'lines
long- when in flower, divided to about the middle into acute or rather
obtuse lobes. Corolla-tube under 1 in. long, the lobes 3 to 4 lines.
Stamens protruding- by irom i to 1 in. Fruiting- calvx expanding- to
I in. diameter, tlie drupe black and shining-. — Andr. feot. Rep. t. 607;
Bot. Mag-. t. 1018; Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 662.

Clcrodcndron.] XCII. verbenace^. _G3

Queensland. Brisbane river, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Port Jacksoii to the Blue Mouiit.iius, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 2G7,
Macartliur, (Sydncy wootls, Paris Exliibition, 1855, n. 104), and many others ; north-
ward to Hastiugs, Macleay, and Clarence rivers, Bcckler and others ; southwai\l to
Kiaina, Harvey.

Var.? mollisdma, very softly villous, referrible perliaps to C. lanceolatum, but with
the broader leaves an 1 terminal iuflorescence of C. toinentosnm.

N. Australia. Roebuck Bay, N.W. Coast, i1far<m; near Caledon Bay, Gulf of
Carpentaria, R. Gull.

Veiitenat's plate of Volkameria tomentosa, Jaid. Mahn., t. 84, represents an abnor-
mal gavden state, flowering very sparingly in the upper axils, connecting this species as
wcll with tbe following C. lanceolatum as with some pubescent sraall-flowered forms of
(_'. floribundum.

o. C. lanceolatum, F. Mudl. Fragm. iii. 145. A tall slirul) or small
tree, the foliag-e and intiorescence softly velvety-pnbescent or g-labrous.
Leaves on rather long- petioles, lanceohite or ovate-lanceohite, acute or
rather obtuse, 2 to 3 in. long-. Cymes in the upper axils several-
Howered, shorter than the leaves, on short peduncles. Bracts narrow,
acute, or the outer ones more leafy. Calyx broadly campanuhite, about
2| hues long' when in Hower, divided to near tlie middle into obtuse
lobes. Corolla usually pubescent outside, the tube about | in. long*, or
rather more, the lobes scarcely 3 lines. Stamens rather long'. Fruiting*
calyx enlarg-ed, coloured, very open, 4 to 5 lines diameter in the speci-
mens seen, the lobes recurved. Drupe depressed-g-lobular.

W. Australia. N. W. coast, Nickol Bay, Gregory, Walcott; Depuech Island, Bijnoe.

The leavcs are narrower in mostof the glabrous specimens thanin the pubescent ones,
but some of Bynoe's pubescent ones have them also very narrow. The species is not
Tery deiinitcly separated from C. tomentosum.

6. C. floribundum, B. Br. Prod. 511. A tall shrub or small tree,
usually quite g-hibrous or the young- parts tomentose. Leaves on rather
long- petioles, usually ovate or elliptical, but varying from broadly ovate
and cordate to hmceolate, obtuse acute or acuminate ; acute rounded
or cordate at the base, usually 2 to 3 in. lono- but sometimes twice as
larg-e. Cymes sometimes all loose and few-flowered in the upper axils,
sometimes forming' a broad terminal corymbose panicle. Flowers to tlie
naked eye apparently g-labrous, l)ut often sprinkled with a minute })u-
bescence visible under a lens. Cah'x 2| to 3 lines long-, more acute at
the base than in C. fomcntosnm, the lobes acute, about as long' as the
tube or rather shorter. Corolhi-tube usually rather above 1 in. long-,
but not exceeding- l^ in., in other specimens rather long-er, the lobes
short in proportion. Stamens exserted by about 1 in. Fruiting--calyx
expanding- to above | in. diameter, with a narrow base of 1 to 2
lines. — Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 671.

N. Australia. N. Coast, R. Broivn; N. W. Coast, Bynoe; Upper Victoria river,
F. Muelltr ; islands of the gulf of Carpcntaria, Henne.

Queensland. Endeavour river, Banks and Solander, Harvey's islands, Keppel Bay
aud Northumberland islands, R. Brown; Percy island and Port Curtis, M'Gillivray, Port
Denison, Fitzalan ; EockinghamBay, Dallachy ; Eockhampton, Dallachy nnd others ;
in the interior, Mitchell.

South Australia. Daly waters, Waterhoitse.

The species is exceedingly variable. In general it is to be distinguished from O.
tomentosum by the absence of pubescence, more acute calyxcs, longer flowers and

g4 xcii. VEUBENACE^. [Chrodeiuhon.

loosev inflorosceiice. Somc.imes tlie inflorescence approachos tbat of C. inermis, more
frequently it is at icast on the main branches almost as abundant as in C. Cunning-
hamii. An apparently coiumon abnornial state, produced eviilentiy by thn puncture of
insects has axiliary cymcs with few flowers, in most of which tiie corolla assuiues a
canipanulate ovoid or globular forni of coiisiderable tbickness and nuuh regularity.

C. alteiiuatvm and C. nudium, II. Br. Prod. 510, 511, Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 671,
are very slight modifiuations, which I am quite unabie to distinguish from the common
forms.

C. ovatum, R. Br. Prod. 511, Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 671, or C. cardiophjllum , F.
Muell. Fragm. iii. 144, is a form witli large, very broad, somewhat coriaceous leaves
and loose inflorescence, wliicli may at firsl sight appear very distinct, but there are
quite as many specimens which might equally well be roferred to this or to some of the
commoner vaiieties.

C. coriaceum, K. Br. Prod. 511, Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 671, of which the specimens
are very indiftcrent, is much the saine as C. ovatum, but witli pubescent leaves, which
connect it with C. tomentosum. I have not seen the flowers, and witliout the corolla
there appears to be no positive character to di.^tinguish C. florihundum from the two
preceding and the following species. C. ovatum and C. tomentosum R. Br. are both
much lilie the garden specimens figured by Ventenat as Volkumeria tomentosa.

7. C. Ctinninghamii, Bentli. A tall shrub, eitlier quite g-labrous
or the under side of tlie leaves and iniiorescence more or less tomentose.
Leaves ovate, scarcely acuminate, often narrowed at the base, sometimes
above 6 in. long- and membranous, sometimes much smaller and lirmer,
the petiole varying" from under 1 in. to above 2 in. Flowers numerous
in a broad terminal corymb sometimes dense sometimes loose, with the
calyx and structure nearly of C.^fioribundtnn, but remarkable for the long-
slender corolla-tube, usually exceeding- 2 in., the lobes broad, not above
3 lines long. Stamens rather long-. Fruiting- calyx more or less funnel-
shaped, shortly contracted at the base, the margins very spreading- or
recurved. Drupe 4 or 5 lines diameter, ripening' 2 to 4 distinct
pyrenes.

N. Australia. S. Goulburn Island, A. Cunningliam ; Escape Cliffs, Hulls.

Queensland. Cape Yorlc, Daemel, Jardine ; Endeavour river, A. Cunningliam.

Some of Pirowifs spccimens, as well as others seen only in fruit and referred to C.
Jloribundum, may perliaps belong to C. Cunninghamii. Some of F. 3Iuellers from
Gilbert river, with more pubescent leaves, are very doubtful.

8 ? C. costatum, B. Br. Prod. 511. A tall shrub. Leaves very
broadly ovate, obtuse, 4 to 5 lines long-, reticuhite-rugose and velvety-
tomentose underneath. Inllorescence a terminal corymbose panicle, not
exceeding- the leaves but looser than in C. tomentosum. Flowers not
seen. Fruiting- calyx enlarg'ed and drupe of C. fim-ibundum. — Schau. in
DC. Prod. xi. C71.

Queensland. Endoavour river, Banks and Solandcr.

Tlie Ibliagc is that of Crmelina Leichhardtii, but the fruit undoubtedly that of Clero-
dendron, and not of Gmelina.

17. GMELINA, Linn.

Calyx 4- or 5-toothod or sinuate-iobed. Corolla-tube much dilated
upwards or ahnost canipanulate ; liml) obhque, with 4 or 5 spreading'
lobes, the two upper ones sometimes united in an upper lip. Stamens 4
in pairs, shorter than the corolla. Ovary 4-celled with 1 ovule in eacli

GmdiHa.] XCII. VERBENACEiL:. 65

cell laterally attaclied at or above tlie middle ; style filiform, imequally
^-lobod at tbe top. Fniit a succulent drupe, tbe putamen bard or
bony, 4:-celled or rarely l?-cclled. Seeds solitary in eacb cell, witbout
albumen. Trees or tall sbru])s. Leaves opposite, undivided. Flowers
often ratbev larg-e, pale purplisb pink or blue, or in species not Aus-
tralian, yellow, in cymes iu-rang-ed in irreg'ular terminal panicles, some-
times alinost reduced to simple racemes. Bracts small.

The genus extends over tropical Asia and the Indian Archipelago. The AustraliaK
spccics, altliough with the aspect of some Asiatic ones, appear to be all endemic.
Leavcs glabrous (above 6 in.). Pauicle iong and narrow. Cymes

pedunculate 1. (?. macropliyUa.

Leaves glabrous (under 6 in.). Cymes forniing sessile clusters

along the rhachis of the panicle or of its branches .... 2. G . fascicuUflora.
Leaves tomentose underneath. Cymes pedunculate in a loosely

pyramidal pauicle d. G. LeichharcUii.

1. G. macrophylla, Bcnth. A tall tree, g-labrous except tbe inflo-
rescence, Avbicb is slig-litly tomentose. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong-,
obtuse, broad and sometimes almost cordate at tbe base, 8 to 10 in,
long", coriaceous and g'labrous but not sbining', on petioles of 1 to 1|-
in. Flowers "pale blue," in a long* terminal tbyrsoid panicle, tbe
cymes on opposite peduncles, tbe pedicels very sbort. Calyx cam-
panulate, about 2 lines long", truncate or sinuate-lobed, scarcely en-
larg-ed or sometimes sligbtly expanded under tbe fruit. Corolla villous
outside witb appressed liairs, tbe tube declinate and mucb dilated up-
wards, about | in. long', lobes 5, broad, about \ in. long", tbe middle
lower one ratber larg-er tban tbe otliers. Stamens ascending- under
tbe upper lobes, antber-cells diverging-. Ovary g-labrous, 4-celled.
TJpper lobe of tlie style minute. Drupe obovoid-truncate, | to | in.
long', closely resembling' tbat of G. arhorea. — Yittx macrophylla, R. Br.
Prod. 512, Scbau. in DC. Prod. xi. 695 ; Yitcx Dalrymplcana, F. Muell.
Frag'm. iv. 128 ; v. 72 ; EpMcUs simplicifolia, Seem. Fl. Vit. 189.

N. Australia. Port Essington, Armstrong.

Queensland. Cape Grafton, Banks and Solander ; Cape York, Daemel; Rock-
ingham Bay, Dallachy.

2. G. fasciculiflora, Bcnth. A tall tree, nearly g-labrous except
tbe inflorescence wliicb is densely ferrug-inous-tomentose. Leaves
ovate, obtuse or obtusely acuminate ; usually broad, 3 to 5 in. long-,
somewdiat coriaceous, sbining- above, tbe primary veins mucb raised
iinderneatb but not nearly so reticulate as in G. Lcichhardtii. C}Tnes
reduced to dense opposite clusters sessile along- tbe brancbes of a ter-
niinal panicle, tbe floral leaves at tbe base of tbe clusters reduced to
broad bracts sborter tban tbe calyxes. Pedicels very sbort. Calyx
broadly campanulate, ferrug-inous-villous, about 2 lines long-, truncate
or more or less distinctly tootbed. Corolla "pale purple," villous, tbe
tube sliort but mucb more dilated and oblique tlian in G. Lcichhardtii,
tbe lower lip fully | in. long-, witb a large broad middle lobe, tbe upper
lobes all broad but mucb sborter tban tbe lowest. Fruit not seen. —
Vitex Leichhardtii, var. glahrata, F. Muell.

Queensland, Eockingham Bay, Dallachy.
VOL. V. F

(50 xcii. VERBENACE-2E. [Gmclina.

3, G. Leichhardtii, F. Mvdl. A fine timber tree, attaining- a
ffreat heifiht, the young- branches ancl iniiorescence tomentose. Leaves
ovate scarcely acuminate but rather acute, rounded or cuneate at the
base 3 to 6 in. long-, somewhat coriaceous, quite glabrous and almost
rno-ose on the uj)j)er side, mucli reticuhite with raised veins and densely
and softly tomentose underneath, the petiole often above 1 in long.
Flowers '' white with purple markings," numerous in opposite pedun-
culate c^Tnes forming' loose ovoid or shortl}- pyramidal terminal panicles.
Calyx broadly turbinate-campanulate, truncate, tomentose and not 2
lines long at the time of flowering-, enlarg-ed and spreading" under the
Iruit. Corolla villous outside, the tube very broad and dilated upwards,
twice as long as the calyx, the lobes ovate, above 2 lines long, the 2
iipper ones ratlier larger and shortly unitecl in an upper lij). Stamens
incurved, the longer pair about as long as the upper lip ; anther-cells
diverg-ing. Fruits in the specimens seen all deformed by insects, the
calyx opening out horizontally to a diameter of 6 to 8 lines and
obscurely sinuate-toothed. — Vitex Leichliardtii, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 58.

Queensland. Myall Creek, Leichharclt ; Moreton Bay, W. Hill, Queensland woods,
London Krhibition, 1862, n. 30; Pine river, Fitzalan.

N. S. Wales. Clarence river, Becldcr, W. Moore, N. S. Wales woods, London
Exhihition, 1862, n. 68 and 171, "White Ueach," also Macarthur, Faris Exhibition,
1855, n. 193.

18. VITEX, Linn.

Calyx 5-toothed or lobed. Corolla-tiibe short; limb spreading-,
5-lobed, the lowest lobe larg-er and longer than the others and some-
times notched. Stamens 4, in pairs, ascending- and exserted beyond
the upper corolla-lobes. Ovary 2-celled or more or less perfectly
4-eelled, with 1 ovule to each half-cell or cell, laterally attached at or
above the middle. Style filiform, shortly and acutely 2-lobed. Fruit
a succulent drupe, the putamen separating- into 4 hard one-seeded
pyrenes (or fewer by abortion). Seeds without albumen. — Trees or
shrubs. Leaves opposite, usually of 3 or 5 digitate leaflets, very rarely
single (or of a singlc leaflet). Flowers in cymes, sometimes axillary
but usually in terminal })anicles either simple and spike-like or branched.
Bracts very small.

A considerablc tropical and subtropical genus, cbiefly Asiatic or African witb a few
American specics, and one species extending to S. Europe. Of tbe four Australian
ppecies, one is widely spread ovcr tbe Old "World witbin tbe tropics, tbe tbree otbers
are endemic.

Leaves whiteundemeath, undivided or of 3 or 5 leaflets . ... 1. V. trifolia.

Leaves green on both ^ides, undivided 2. V. lignum vitce.

Leaves green on both sides, of 3 or 5 leaflets.

Flowers in loose thyrsoid panicles, mostly terminal .... 3. F. acuminata.

Flo^ers in very loose dichotomous cymes on axillary pedunclcs 4. V. glabrata.

1. V. trifolia, Limi ; Schav. in DC. Prod. xi. 083. A slinib some-
times d('(iniil)ciit and low, in some varieties tall and erect, tbe brunches
uuder sitk' of the leaves and inflorescence mealy-white. Leaves very
variable, simple or of 3 or o leaflets often white on both sides, but

Vitex.] XCII. VERBENACEiE. 67

usiiallj becoming' nearly g-l;il)rous on tlie upper side at least when old.
Flowers nearly white or p;ile Llue, in sniall ne;irly sessile opposite
cpnes, forming- sliort ternuual panicles, eitlier simple and spike-like
or slig-htly branched, tlie Horal le;ives reduced to sliort bracts. Calyx
in the t^^iical tbrms about '2 lines long-, very shortly 5-toothed, the
corolla-tube nearly twice as long- as tlie calyx, the 4 upper lobes short,
the lowest twice as larg-e and often as long- as the tube and both calyx
and corolla more or less me;dy outside. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 ovules
in each cell. Drupe globular.

N. Australia. Victoria river, F. Mudler ; islanJs of the Gulf of Carpentaria,
Henne, aiul mainlanrl, F. Mueller, Landshorough.

Queensland. Along tlie coast from Cape York to Moreton Bay, B,. Brown,
A. Cunningham, F. Mueller, Dallachy, and many others.

The species is a very common Asiatic one, chiefly maritimc, and varying very much
as to foliage, the three follovping princij^al Anstralian forms agreeing more or less with
Asiatic varieties, hut some of them passing into species which in Asia are considered as
perfectly distinct.

a ohovata. Decumbent. Leaflets (or simple leaves) mostly solitary, obovate or
rounded, 1 to l^ in. long, rarely especially on flowerless branches 3-foliolate and less
obtuse. A strictly maritime variety in N. Australia and Queensland as in tropical
Asia.— F. ovata, Thunb., Hook. and Arn. Bot. Beech. 206, t. 47, R. Br. Prod. 511.

j8 acutifolia. Decumbent or erect. Leaflets 3 or sometimes 5 or only 1, ovate or
ovate-ianceolate, acute or acuminate, the middle one often above 2 in. long. — V. trifolia,
E. Br. Prod. 511. — Common along the coast of Queensland and appears to be not so
strictly maritime as the obovate-leaved form.

7 parviflora. Erect. Leaflets 5 or sometimes 3, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acnte.
Flowers much smaller than in the two preceding forms, and resembling tliose of the
Asiatic V. Negundo, from which this variety is scarcely to be distinguished. — In N.
Australia on the Gulf of Carpentaria, and Moreton Bay in Queensland.

There are numerous intermediate specimens connecting the above three principal
forms.

2. V. lignum-vitae, A. Cunn., Schau. m DC. Prod. xi. 692. A tall
liandsome tree, the young- branches petioles and inflorescence rusty-
tomentose or pubescent. Leaves all simple (or unifoliolate ?), oblong* or
oval-elliptical, shortly acuminate, narrowed at tlie base, 1| to 4 in. long'
on a petiole of :| to | in., somewhat coriaceous, shining- on the upper
side, paler underneath, conspicuously veined, cpiite g-labrous or witli a
slig'ht pubescence on the midrib underneath, tliose of barren branches
sometimes broadly and unequally lobed, those of flowering- branches
usually entire but occasionally showing" a few prominent ang-les or
short lobes. Flowers few, in sm;T,Il loose axillary cymes. Calyx trun-
cate, about 1 line long* or ratlier more, r;irely tomentose. Corolla to-
mentose outside, the tube 8 to 4 lines long-, broad and incurved, the
middle lower lobe not exceeding" the others so mucli as in some species.
Stamens shortly exserted beyond tlie upper lobes. — F. Muell. Frag-m.
iii. 58.

Queensland. Brisbane rivor, Moreton Bay, A. Cunniytgham, W. Hill, F. Mueller,
C. Moore, Queensland xmods, London Fr.hibition, 1862, n. 29.
N. S. Wales ? " Syduey woods," Paris Exhihition, 1855, n. 3.

3. V. acuminata, R, Br. Prod. 512. A small or larg-e tree, the young
shoots and inflorescence more or less hoary-pubescent, the adult leaves

f2

(53 XCII. VERBENACE.13. [VitCX.

fi-labrous or nearly so, Leaflets 3 or rarely o, ovate-oljlono-, elliptical
or almost lanceolate, mostly acuminate, contracted at tlie uase into a
petiolule sometimes very short, sometimes \ in. long-, tlie terminal
leaflets often 3 to 4 in. long- or even more, the lat^ral ones usually
shorter, all membranous, g-reen on both sides, paler and usually g-lan-
duhir-dotted underneath, the common peduncle usually shorter than the
leaflets. Flowers small, in loose thjTsoid panicles of 2 to 4 in., terminal
or in the upper axils. Pedicels very short. Calyx 1 to l^ in. long-,
truncate or minutely toothed. Corolla pubescent outside, villous in-
side in the throat and the base of the limb, the tube about tnice as
lon^ as the calyx, the lower lip nearly as long- as the tube. Stamens
shortly exserted beyond the upper lobes. Ovary 2-celled, with 2
-ovules in each cell. Drupe in Dallachy's specimen nearly g-lobular,
about i in. diameter, the putamen bony and 4-celled as in GmeUiia,
bearing- outside a number of radiating* riblike excrescences, and perhaps
therefore diseased, in R. Bro\vn's smaller and apparently more perfect.
Seed not seen perfect. — Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 095 ; F. Muell.
Frag-m. v. 34 j V. vwlieopea, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 35.

N. Australia. Vansittart and Careening Bays, N. W. Coast, A. Cunnh^gliam ;
ArnlRia liay and Islands <jf the Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown.

Queensland. Cape York, JrGillivrai/, W. Hill, Daemel ; Wide Bay, Bidwill ;
Eockingbam Bay, Dullachy ; Eockhanipton, Dallachy and others.

V. Timoriensis, Walp. ; Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 686, from Timor, may be the same
as V. acuminata.

4. V. glabrata, L'. Br. Prod. 512. A tree or shrub, quite g-labrous or
rarely with a minute tomentum on the young- shoots and inflorescence.
Leaflets 3 or rarely 5, from broadly ovate and obtuse to elliptical-oblong'
and acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long-, but usually much broader than in T".
aatminata and less narrowed at the base, the petiolules about -s^ to | in.
long-, and the common petiolc above 2 in. Flowers white, ratlier small,
in very loose dichotomous cymes on axillary peduncles sometimes nearly
as long as the petiole, but the whole inflorescence almost always shorter
than the leaf Pedicels shorter or rarely longer than the calyx. Calyx
about 1| lines lon»-, truncate or minutely toothed. Corolla-tube at least
twice as long- as the calyx, and the lower lin nearly as long- as the tube.
Stamens shortly exserted beyond the upper lobes.*^ Fruit, in the speci-
mens seen, 1-seeded by abortion, obovoid, about ^ in. long-. — Schau.
in DC. Prod. xi. 095 { V. Cuntwighamii, Schau. 1. c. 091.

N. Australia. Careening Bay, N. W. Coast, A. Cunningham : Victoria and Fitz-
maurice rivers and IMacadam range, i^. Mueller ; Croote island, Gulf of Carpentaria

B. Brown; Port Essington, Arm.strovg ; Adams Bay, Ilidls. '
Queensland. Cape York, Dacmel; Gilbert river, Daintree.

The cultivated fipccimen describcd by F. Mne]]. Fragm. v. 35 as V. glahrata is the
New Zeaiand V. littorali.s, A. Cunn , remarkable for its large ditTerently sliaped coroll-i

C. Moore's George-river specimen may bc the same, but if so, it is probably cultivated
also.

SuBTRiBE 3. OxEREiE. — Ovary distinctly 2- or 4-lobed.

Faradtit/n.] xcil. verbenace.e. 69

11). FARADAYA, F. Muell.

Calyx closed before flowering-, tlien dividing into 2 valvate seg-ments.
Corolia-tuLe dilated upwards,limb 4-lobed,tlieupperlobebroadandemar-
g'inate, tbe tlirec lower nearly equal. Stamens 4, didj^namous, exserted.
Ovar}' sbortly 4-lobed, ^-celled in tbe upper portion, witb one ovule in
eacbcell laterally attacbed. Fruit a drupe, tbe putamenl-celled and 1-
seeded by abortion (or 4-lobed witb 4 distinct pyrenes ?). — Woody climbers.
Leaves opposite, undivided. Flowers ratber larg-e, in terminal panicles.

BesiJcs the Australian spccies, thcre are three from the S. Pacific islands. The
nearcst afiinity of the genus ajipears to be with the New Caledonian Oxera.

1. F. splendida, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 21, 212. A tall woody climber,
quite giabrous. Leaves ovate, acuminate, rounded or cordate at tbe
base, 6 in. to nearly 1 ft. long-, prominently penuiveined, tbe petiole 1
to 2 in. long-. Flowers large, wbite, in a terminal cor^anbose panicle.
Bracts small, subulate. Pedicels ^ to | in. long-. Calyx before ex-
panding- obovoid and acuminate, dividing- into 2 acuminate segments
8 to 10 lines long-. Corolla-tube above 1 in. long-, tbe lobes flat, nearly
f in. long-. Filaments sprinkled witb bairs below tbe middle, inserted
in tbe tbroat of tbe corolla ; antbers witb 2 parallel cells. Ovary to-
mentose. Drupe only one seen wbicb was 1-seeded, about 2 in. long-,
contracted at tbe base and apparently proceeding- from one lobe of tbe
ovary, tbe otber lobes remaining- abortive at tbe base, as tbere is no scar
of tbe style at tbe upper end. Seed not seen.

Queenslaud. Kockingham Bay, Ddllachy.

Tribe 3. AvicENNiE^. — Fruit a 2-valved capsule. Seed solitary,
witbout integ-uments ; embryo witb larg-e folded cotyledons.

20. AVICENNIA, Linn.

Calyx divided to tbe base into 5 distinct seg-ments or sepals. Corolla-
tube sbort and broad ; limb of 4 nearly equal spreading- lobes or tbe
upper one ratber larg-er. Stamens 4, inserted in tbe tbroat, witb tbe
antbers sliglitly protruding-. Ovary 1-celled, witb 4 ovules collaterally
suspended from a central column, wbicb bas 4 angles between tbe ovules,
imperfectly dividing- tbe ovary into 4 cells. Fruit a compressed capsule,
tbe pericarp opening- in 2 valves. Seed solitary, erect, witbout integ-u-
ments, (tbe integuments of tbe ovule not developed) ; embryo witb 2
very larg-e colyledons folded longitudinally, a very bairy radicle, and
a prominent plumula, wbicb g-erminates before tbe fruit drops otf as in
Bhhop/iora, &c. — Sbrubs. Leaves opposite, undivided. Flowers in
small cpnes in tbe upper axils or in terminal panicles.

The genus consists of very few species, widely distributed over the warmer maritirae
regions of the New and the Old World, and very nearly related to each other. The
Australian species is tlie typical and most common form.

1. A. officinalis, Liiin. ; Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 700. An erect
sbrub, varying- mucb in beigbt, tbe brancbes inflorescence and under-

70 xcii. VERBENACEiE. [Avicetmia.

side of the leaves -white or silvery with a very close tomentum, more
silky on the liowcrs, the upper side of the leaves usually ^-hibrous when
ftill g-rown, hlack and shining- when dry. Leaves coriaceous, usually
hmceohite or ovate-lanceohate, 2 to 3 in. long-, acute and contracted
into a petiole, but varying- to elliptical or obovate, and very obtuse.
Cymes contracted into small heads on rig-id ang'ular jjeduucles, which
are otten 2 tog-ether in the u})per axils or several in a small terminal
leafy thyrsus. Bracts shorter than the sepals. Sepals orbicukir or
broadly ovate, concuve, hirsute and ciliate, about l^line long-. Corolla-
tuhe siiorter than the sepals, lobes ovate, rather long-er than the tube,
the u])per inner onerather hirg-er than the others. Ovary very hairy. —
A. tovicntosa, Jacq. ; R. Br. Prod. 518 ; Schau. in DC. Prod. xi. 099 ;
Wall. PL As. Rar. t. 271 j Wight, Ic. t. 1481.

N. Australia, Queensland, N. S. ^Vales, Victoria, S. Australia, and V^.
Australia, exteiKling along the soa-coast all ronnd tlic Australian contineiit, It. Brown
and many otliers, but no specimens seeu from Tasmania. It is a comniou seacoast
shrab in tropical Asia, Africa, and America.

Order XCIII. LABIAT^.

Flowers irreg-ular or rarely nearly regailar. Calyx persistent, 5-
toothed or 2-lipped. Corolla with a distinct tidje and 4 or 5 lobes
more or less 2-lipped or nearly ecpial, imbricate in the bud, the upper
lip or lobes usually and perhaps always outside. Stamens 2 or 4, in
pairs, inserted in the tube of the corolla and alternating- with its lower
lohes. Anthers either 2-celled, or 1-celled by the coniluence of the 2
cells or by the abortion of one of them. Ovary 4-lobed, with one erect
ovule in each lobe. Style sing-le, arising- from the centre of the ovary,
terminating- in 2 short stig-matic lobes. Fruit enclosed in the calyx,
consisting- of 4 small seed-like nuts. Seeds soHtary in each nut, Avithout
albumen. Embr^-o straiglit or sHg-htly incurved (except in Scutellaria) ;
radicle short, inferior, cotyledons thick. — Herbs or shrubs, very rarely
arborescent, tlie stem and branches usuaUy 4-angied. Leaves always
opposite or whorled, witliout stipules, toothed or more rarely entire or
divided. Flowers in opposite cjmes or rarely soHtary, forming- fre-
quently (by the extreme shortness or abortion of the common peduncle
and branches of each cyme, the pedicels alone being- developed)
clusters ciAlaA fahc-7vhorls or vcrticillasters, consisting- of 13, 6, or more
pedicels on each side of the stem ; these false-whorls either in the
axils of the stem-k^aves or more frequently forming- tenninal racemes
or panicles, the Horal leaves subtending- tlie cHisters being- reduced to
smtiU bracts. Real bracts, subtending- the i^edicels, usuaHy abortive or
reduced to l)ristk's, rtirely more prominent and leaflike. Foliag-e and
g-reen parts often studded with giandidar dots filled with resinous oil
rendering- the plants highly aromatic. Nuts when soaked in water
frequently emitting- a thick mucihiginous coating-.

A laige Order generallj distributed over every part of the globc. Of Ihe twenty
Austrahan geuera (excluding llyjjtis) four arc extratropical gencra of the northcrn

XCIII. LABIAT^. 71

hemispliere, very sparingly extending into or represented in the Soutliern liemisplicro
or in uiountainous regions of tlie tropics, three are also extratropical and cliieliy
nortliern, but also more or less nnmorous witliin the tropics, especially in mountain
ranges, two aro tropical, cliiefly Asiatic but also represented in America, six are cou-
fincd to tlic tropical rcgions of the Old World aud chiefly or entirely Asiatic, the
remaining five, constitutihg the distinct tribe Prostantherece, are endemic in Australia
and chietly cxtratropical.

Trirf. 1. Ocimoidese. — Stamens 4, declinate. Anthers 1-celled hy the con-
fiiience of the 2 cells into one. Niits dry, smooth or minutely granular.

Corolla lower lobe flat or nearly so, not longer than the upper lobes.
Corolla-tube shorter tlian or scarcely exceeding the calyx.
Stylo with 2 short stigmatic lobes.
Fruiting calyx deflexed with a broad decurrent upper lobe.

False-whorls equal, 6-flowered 1. Ocimum.

Fruiting calyx erect spreading or deflexed, tlie upper lobe
scarcely decurrent. Flowers very small in one-sided

racemes 2. Moschosma.

Corolia-tube exserted. Style capitate or clavate at the end.

Calyx of Ocimum 3. Orthosiphon.

Corolla lower lobe concave or boat-shaped, longer than the upper
lobes (except in Plectranthus longicornis).

Filaments free. Corolla sometimes spurred 4. Plectranthus.

Filaments united at the base in a sheath round the style.

Corolla never spurred 5. Coleus.

Corolla lower-lobe saccate, contracted at the base and abruptly

deflexed 6. Hyptis.

Teibe 2. Satureiese. — Stamens Aor 2,erect and equal or ascending inpairs,the
upper j)air the shortest. Anthers 2-celled or l-celled hy the confluence of the 2 cells
into one. Nuts dry, smooth or minutely granular. Corolla-lohes all equally spreading,
or if 2-lipped the upper lip scarcely concave and not hoodshaped.

Corolla-lobes nearly equal.

Anthers terminal 1-ceIIed. Filaments bearded 7. Dysophylla.

Anthers 2-ceIIed. Filaments glabrous.

Perfect stamens 4 8. Mentha.

Perfect stamens 2 9. Lycopus.

Corolla-Iobes forming 2 lips.

Stamens 4, erect, diverging. Flowers in heads or short spikes

with imbricate bract-Iike floral leaves * Origanum.

Stamens 4, ascending in pairs. Calyx 2-lipped. CoroIIa-tube

curved upwards above the base * Melissa.

Tribe 3. Monardese. — Stamens 2 ; anthers with one ohlong or linear jierfect cell,
the other either quite abortive or deformed or sterile or separated from the iqjper one
hy a fiUform connectioe. Nuts dry, smooth or minutely granulur. Calyx and corolla
usually 2-li2)ped.

Connective of tbe anthers filament-Iike, transversely fixed on the

short real filament 10. Salvia.

Connective of the anthers short, continuous with the end of the

filament, tlie junction marked by a minute tooth * Eosmarinus.

Tribe * Nepeteae. — Stamens 4, in pairs, the upper ones the longest. Anthers
2-celled. Nuts dry, smooth or granular-tuherculate. Calyx l5-nerved. Corolla upper
lip concave or hoodshaped.

Calyx straight or incurved, scarcely 2-Iipped * Nepeta.

Trlbe 4. Stachydeee. — Stamens 4, ascending in pairs, the loicer oncs the longest.

7i2 XCIII. LABIAT^.

Anthers, at least the upper ones, 2-ceUed. Nuts clry, smooth or granulartuherculate.
Calyx usuaU)/ 5- or 10 nervecl. CoroUa upper lip concave or hoodshaped.
Calyx 2-lirpetl, tlie lips closcd after flowering.

Calyx upper lip flat, 3-toothetl, lower 2-lobed. False-whorls

6-flowered, iii denso terniinal spikes . . 11. Pruxella.

Calyx-lips entire, the upper one with a hollow scale-like pro-

tuberance on the back. Flowers opposite iu pairs .... 12. Scjtellaria.
Calyx 5- or 10-toothed, not 2-hpped.

Stamcns included in the coroUa-tube Upper corolla-lip narrow.

Calyx often lOtoothed * Marrubigm.

Staniens protruding from the short upper lip 13. Anisomeles.

Stamens ascending under the upper lip.

Calyx 5-toothed, not niuch enhirged after flowering .... * Stachvs.
Calyx 5-toothed, very large open and membranous, at least

after flowering * Moluccella.

Calyx 8-or 10-toothed.

Corolla upper hp short very hairy 14. Leucas.

Corolla uppcr lip very long. (Flowers large, scarlet) . . * Leoxotis.

Tribe 5. Prostanthereae. — Stameus 4, in pairs; anthers aU icith two p>erfect
ceUs, or one ceU ofaU thc anthers or cdso both ceUs of the lower j^air sterile or abortive.
Nuts promiuentiji reticulate-rugose. Seeds cdbitminous. Ccdijx various. CoroUa
vpper lip erect, itsuaUy short, throat hroad.
Calyx 2 lipped, the lips entire or nearly so. Anthcrs with 2 per-

fect cehs, the connective not elongated 15. Prostaxthera.

Calyx 2-Hpped or 5-toothed. Anthers with an elongated con-
nective bearing at the upper end one perfect cell.
Connective with the lower end reduced to a small tooth.

Leaves pungent-pointed IG. Hemiandra.

Connective with tlie lower end diiated linear or clavate or
bearing an imperfect cell, usually bearded in the upper
anthers. Leaves obtuse or rarely acute, not pungent . . 17. Hemigenia.
Calyx nearly equally 5-toothed. Lower anthers sterile and re-
duced to 2 lincar or clavate lobes.
Connective of the upper anthcrs elongated, the lower end di-
Jated and bearded. Corolla upper lip very concave or hood-

sbaped 18. Microcoets.

Upper anthers of one cell ahnost sessile on the filament.

Corolla upper lip flat, 2-lobed 19. Westkixgia.

Tribe 6. Ajugoideae. — Stamens 4, in pairs exserted from the very short trun-
cate or decp!// ."lit i/ji/ic,- lip of the coroUa {except vcry rarely in genera not Australian).
Nuts ptromineiitly rcticiilntc-rugose, not succulent. Seeds icithout cdbumen.

CoroUa with the four upper lobes lateral, equal or the upper ones

longer, tbe stamens exserted from between the 2 npper ones . 20. Teucrium.

Coroila with tho uppcr lip exceedingly short and triincate, the
stamens exserted beyond it, ihe lateral lobes oblong, forming
part of the lower Hp 21. Ajuga.

The introduced phmts belonging to the genera marked above with the asterisk * are
the following : —

Origanum vulgare, Linn., Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 193. A perennial with a shortly
creeping rootstock and erect stems of 1 to 2 ft. Leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate-hinceo-
Lite, Mlightly tootiied. Flowcrs purple or rarely white, in globuhir corapact heads,
forming a terminai trichotomous ratlier compact panicle. Bracts or bract-like floral leaves
imbricate, as long as the calyx. Calyx very hairy in.side, with short nearly equal teeth.
Coroila jobes nearly equal in length, the u])per one broad aiid nearly erect. Stamens 4,
crect, diverging, the two lower longer ones always, and often ali 4 exserted. — Veiy
conimon in tlie tcmperate regions of the nortbern hemisphere, and now introduced at
Pienty Creck, Victoria, F. MueUer.

XCIII. LABIAT^. 73

Melissa officinalis, Tiinn. ; Bentli. in DC. Prod. xii. 2-iO. A ratlier coarse erect branch-
ing perennial of 1 to 3 feet, usually hairy. Leaves broadiy ovate, crenate. Flowers few
together in loose axillary false-whorls, all turiied to one side. Calyx 2-hpped, the upper
lip rather flat, 3-toothedj the lowcr 2-lubed. CoroUa wliitish, twice as long as the calyx,
the tube curved upwards abovc the base, the upper lip erect, eraarginate, the lower
spreading, 3-lobed. Stamens 4, in pairs, ascending under the upper lip, the lower ones
the longest. — A native of soutliern Europe and western Asia, long siiice cultivated (in
England under tbe name oi Balni) ar.d readily naturaHzing itself in the vicinity of gar-
dens, in which localities it is also establislied in Victoria, F. Mueller.

Rosmarinus officiyialis, Linn. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 360. An erect shrub of 2
to 4 ft. Leaves sossile, linear, entire, with revolute margins Fiowers white or pale
blue, opposite in pairs, in very siiort axillary racemes. Caiyx 2-lipped, the upper lip
entire, the lower 2-lobed. CoroUa upper lip erect, emarginate, iower lip 3lobcd, the
lateral lobes oblong and erect, tlie lowest large, broad, and spreading. Stameus 2,
ascending, the filanients with a small tootli below the middle (indicating the jnnction
of the real filament with the filament-Iike counective). Anthers 1-ceIIed. — This the
well-known Rosemary, a native of southern Europe, and of early cultivation among sweet
herbs, has been introduced into Hope Valley, Victoria, F. Mueller.

Nepeta Cataria, Linu. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 383. An erect herbaceous hoary-
pubescent branching perennial, attaining 2 or 3 feet. Leaves petiolate, ovate-cordate,
acute, coarsely toothed, often whitish underneath. Flowers pale blue or nearly white,
numerous in compact false-whorls, forming short obloug terminal spikes, with frequently
one or more false-whorls lower down. Calyx 15-ribbed, the orifice oblique, 5-toothed.
Corolla upper lip erect, concave, lower lip longer, spreading, 3-lobed. Stamens 4, ascend-
ing in pairs under the upper lip, the upper or inner pair the longest. Anthers 2-ceIIed.
— Common on roadsides, in hedges, &c. in raany parts of Europe and Asia, and readily
naturalized in other tempcrate regions ; occurs in the neighbourhood of Adelaide.

Marruhium vulgare, Linn. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 453. An erect hard branching
perennial, the stems thickly covered with white cottony wool. Leaves petiolate, or-
bicular, soft, whitish, and much wrinkled. Flowers small, of a dirty white, in dense
axillary false-whorls. Calyx with 10 small hooked teeth. CoroIIa upper lip narrow,
erect, 2-cIeft, lower lip spreading, 3 lobed. Stamens 4, included in the corolia-tube.
Anthers 2-celIed. — A roadside weed of European or Asiatic origin, now naturalized in
many parts of the world, aud gathered by various collectors in N. S. Wales, Victoria,
and S. Australia.

Stachys arvensis, Linn. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 477. A decumbent or slightly
ascending slender bairy annual, from an inch or two to nearly a foot long. Leaves
small, petiolate, ovate. Flowers small, of a pale purple, in false-whorls of 2 to 6 or
rarely 8, forming loose leafy spikes. Caljx with 5 nearly equal teeth as long as the
tube. Corolla scarcely longer than the calyx, the upper lii) erect, concave and entire,
the lower lip spreadiug, 3-lobed. Stamens 4, in pairs, ascending under the npper lip.
Anthers 2-ceIIed. — A common weed of cultivation in Europe and temperate Asia, car-
ried out with European crops to various parts of the world, and wel! established even in
tropical countries, nowabundaut in some parts of Queensland, N. S.Wales, and Victoria.
— S. palustris, Linn. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 470, a tall erect perennial, with nearly
sessile, oblong or lanceolate leaves and rather large pale purple flowers in false-whorls of
6 to 8, formiug terminal spikes, a commou northern plant in ditches, moist banks, &c.,
has been gathered on Richmond river in N. S. Wales by Fawcett.

3IolucceUa lcevis, Linu. ; Benth. iri DC. Prod. xii. 513. A glabrous erect or ascendirig
annual of 1 to 2 ft. Leaves on long petioles, broadly ovate or almost orbicular. Flowers
in distant false-whorls of about 6, the floral leaves gradually smaller but all on long
pelioles, the bracts connate at the base. Calyx very large, campanulate, oblique, and
membranous, the margiu 5-angIed with a small point at each angle, attaining sometimes
nearly 2 in. diameter. Corolla shorter than the calyx, whitish, the upper lip erect,
concave, entire, the lower spreading, 3-Iobed. Stamens 4, ascending in pairs under the
upper lip. Anthers 2-ceIled. — Anativeofthe Mediterraneau region, now established
in New England, C. Stuart, and on the Murrumbidgee, F. Mueller.

Leonotis leonurus, R. Br. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 536. A shrub attaining several
feet. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, contracted into a short petiole. Flowers of a rich
scarlet, few or many, in axillary false-whorls. Calyx lO-toothed. Corolla often fully 2 in.

74 XCIII. LABIAT.E.

long, hairv, the uppcr lip loiig erect and concave, the lower h'p short and spreading.
Stamcns 4, ascending in pairs under the upper lip. Anthers 2-celled. — A native of the
Cape of Good Ildpe, long sincc cultivated in gardens for its showy flaming flowers,
now established with other South African plants in West Australia.

Tribe 1. OciMOiDEiE. — Stamens 4, declmate towards tlie lower
lobe ofthe corolla. Antliers wlien liilly out l-celled b}^ tbe conHuence
of tbe two cells. Nuts dry, smootb or minutely gTauular. Calyx
witb tbe upper tootb often mucb broader tban tbe otbers. Corolla
witb tbe four upper lobes flat, tbe lowest alone forming- tbe lower lip,
and flat concave or saccate.

1. OCIMUM, Linn.

Fruiting--calyx enlarged and reflexed, tbe upper tootli orbicular or
ovate witb tbe marg-ins decurrent, forming- an upper lip, tbe 4 lower
teetb small, pointed, equal or tbe two lowest witb long-er points.
Corolla-tube straigbt, rarely exceeding the calyx, 4 upper lobes imited
in a broad shortly 4-lobed upper lip, tbe fittb lower lobe entire, flat or
slig-btly concave, about as long as tbe upper lip. Stamens 4, declinate,
tbe 2 upper ones usually witb a tootb or tuft of bairs near tbe base ;
antber-cells confluent. Style-lobes subulate or somewbat flattened.
Nuts smootb or minutely g-ranukir. — Herbs undersbrubs or rarely
small sbrubs. Foliage usually densely dotted and bighly scented.
Flowers in false-whorls of G, rarely 10, arranged in terminal racemes,
the floral leaves reduced to small deciduous bracts.

The genus extends over the tropical and subtropical regions of the New as well as
the Old World, two or three species having been very long in cultivation amongst
aromatic herbs. The only Australian species is a slight, ahuost endemic variety of
one of the common Asiatic ones.

1. O. sanctiim, Linn.; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 38, var. angnstifolmm.
A brancbing })erennial or undersbrub, usually forming" a tbick woody
base, but sometimes flowering tbe first year so as to appear annual,
rarely exceeding 1 ft. in beigbt, more or less birsute witb spreading" or
reflexed hairs. Leaves on ratber long petioles, mostly oblong--lanceo-
late, I to 14 in. long-, bordered bv a few coarse teetb or nearly entire,
more rarely ovate. Flowers smnll, jnirple, {F. MucUcr) or pure white
{Buwmun), in loose whorls of 6, forining tenuinal racemes, tbe bract-like
floral leaves very small. Pedicels slender, often as long as tbe calyx.
Calyx scarcely 1 line long- at tbe time of flowering, when in fiaiit 2
to 2^ lines long-, the upper lobe orbicular, the lateral ones small and
acute, tbe 2 lowest witb long subulate points. Corolla-tube nearly as
long- as the calyx, tbe lips as long- as tbe tube, the lower lobe or lip
broadly ovate, or nearly orbicular. Stamens shortly exserted, the 2
upper ones witb tufts ol hairs near the base of tlie filaments. Style-
lobes slightly flattened. — 0. anisudonim and 0. carjjojjhylUnum, F. Muell,
Frag-m. iv. 46.

N. Australia. Victoria river, IIooker's and Sturfs Creeks, F. Mueller; Gulf of
Carpentaria, F. Mndler, Landshorough ; N. Kenuedy district, Daintree; in the in-
terior, Lit. 18° 30', M'Douall StuarVs Krjicdition.

Ocmum.] xciii. labiat^. 75

Queensland. Burdekin and Suttor rivcrs and Peak Downs, F. Mueller ; Bowen,
Isaacs and Suttor rivers, Boioman.

Widely diftused ovcr tropical Asia, extending into Africa, but usually witli broader
leaves tlian in Australia. It is frequcntly cultivated in East Indian gardcns, about
templcs, &c., for its stiong aroinatic properties.

F. ]\Incllcr observes tliat his 0. anlsodorum and 0. caryophylUnum (which I am
quite unable to distinguish from each other) are closely allied to 0. haslllcumj they
differ however not only in the sniall llowers and long pedicels, but more cssentially in
the tooth of the upper (not the lower) stamens being replaced by the tuft of hairs of 0.
sanctum. From the comnion Indian form of 0. sanctum (wliich by some mistake I
stated in the Prodromus to be iiiodorous) I can perceive no differeiice, except in the
narrow leaves and usually less hispid stems, but some Australian specimens bave ovate
lcavcs, aiid the hairs of the stem are very variable, whilst a very few Indian ones haye
narrow leaves. The calyx-lolxiS are more ciliate in the margin in Australia than in
Iiidia, but I have not seen the hairs closing the orifice as in the Mascarene 0. (jracile.

2. MOSCHOSMA, Reiclib.

Fruiting--calyx somewliat enlarg-ed, erect spreading* or reilexed, tLe
upper tooth broad, with tlie margins scarcely decurrent, forming- an
upper hp, the 4 lower teeth small, acute, nearly equal. Corolla-tube
straig-ht, rarely exceeding- the calyx, the 4 upper lobes united in a
broad 3- or 4-lobed upper lip, the fifth lower lobe entire, fiat or slig-htly
concave, about as long- as the upperlip. Stamens 4, declinate, thefila-
ments without any appendage ; anther-cells confluent. Style shortly
clavate at the end, entire or emarginate. Nuts smooth or minutely gra-
nular. — Herbs, usually annual and much branched. Flowers minute, in
false whorls of 6 to 10, all turned to one side and numerous in slender
one-sided racemes, the floral leaves reduced to very sinall deciduous
bracts. Foliag-e said to have a musky smell.

The genus comprises but very few species extending over tropical Asia and Africa.
Of the two Australian species, one is common in East India, the other appears to be
endemic.

Fruiting-calyx reflexed or very spreading, companulate. Kacemes

loose 1. M . jiohjstachyum.

Fruiting-calyx erect or slightly spreading, tubular-campanulate.

Kacemes dense 2. M. australe.

1, M. polystach^rum, Bmth.; DC. Prod. xii. 48. An erect slender
much branched annual of 1 to 2 ft., slig-htly pubescent or nearly giabrous,
the stems acutely 4-ang-led. Leaves on long- petioles, ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, toothed, 1 to 2 in. long-, the upper ones small.
Racemes numerous, terminatin<^ the main branches as well as short
axillary branchlets, slender and loose. Flowers white or very pale blue,
about "f line long-. Calyx minute when in flower, when in fruit 1 to
1|- lines long-, rather broadly campanuhite, very spreading- or reflexed,
the upper lobe very broad and slightly decurrent. CoroUa-tube about
as long- as the calyx, the lips about as long- as the tube. — Ocimnn poly-
stachyon, Linn. Mant. 507 ; Plectranthus parvifiorus, R. Br. Prod. 500, not
of Willd.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller (a single specimcn in herb.
Hooker).

7G xciii. LABIAT^. [Moschosma.

Queensland. Bioad Sound, li. Brown; Wide Bay, Bidwill ; Port Denison,
Fit-.(il(iii; Itiickiiiiiliaiii Bay, iJaUacliy ; Aniity and Nerkool Creeks, Bowman ; Kock-
liamjitou, O^ iSliunesy ; Balonne river, Mitchell.

Thc species is a comraon weed in trojiical Asia, extending into Africa.

2. M. australe, Bcnth. ; DC. Prod. xii. 48, An erect berb of 2 or
3ft., flosclv iillied to M. ■poluatuchynm.i but coarser, the foliage and
calyxes usiialh' more pubescent and the racemes more dense and spike-
like. Fruiting--calyx more erect, long-er and not so hroad in proportion
as in M. jjoJu.stachyvm, the upper lobe not so broad, and the lower
ones broader than in that species; the corolhi-tube more slender,
sHjilitly exceeding- the calyx, the lips shorter than the tube. Middle-
h)be of the upper hp emarginate in M. anstrale (lip 4-lobed), entire in
M. polystachyiim (Hp 3-lobed), according- to R. Brown, a difference,
however, whicli I have failed to perceive. — PlectraiitMis vioschatus, R. Br.
Prod. 50G.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Upper Victoria
and Fitzuiauiice rivers, F, Mueller ; Liverpool river, N. coast, A. Cunningliam.

3. ORTHOSIPHON, Benth.

Fruiting'-calyx enlarg-ed and reflexed, the upper tooth orbicular or
ovate with the margins decurrent, forming- an upper lip, tlie 4 lower
teeth small and pointed. Corolla-tube straight or somewhat curved,
long-er than the calyx, 4 upper lobes united in a broad 3- or 4-lobed
upper lip, lower lobe entire, flat or sligiitly concave, as long- as or (in a
species not Australian) long-er than the upper lip. Stamens 4, de-
clinate, without ajjpendages ; anther-cells confluent. Style clavate or
capitate at the end, entire or slightly notched. Nuts small, g-ranular-
punctate. — Perennial herbs. Flowers in false-whorls of G or rarely
fewer, in long- interrupted or short and dense racemes, the lloral leaves
reduced to bracts.

The genus is chiefly Asiatic, with two or three African species and two slightly
anomalous Americ.in ones. The only Australian species is a wiJely spread Asiatic
one. Tlie gcnus has the calyx and habit of Ocimum, from which it differs in the
eloiigated corolhi-tube and capitate stigma.

1 . O. stamineus, Boith. ; DC. Prod. xii. 52, Aloosely branched peren-
nial of 1 to 3 ft., slightly hoary-pubescent or nearh' g-labrous. Leaves
petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, often acuminate, 1 to 2 in. long-,
irregularly and coarsely toothed, or rarely regularly crenate or almost
entire. Plowers white or pale blue, in whorls of 4 to G, in loose but
rather short terminal racemes, and by their long- stamens resembling-
those of a Clerodendron. Pedicels about as long- as the flowering- calyx,
which scarcely exceeds l^ lines. Corolla-tube slender, 4 to 5 lines
long- or even more, the lips very spreading-, shorter than the tube.
Stamens flliform, two or three times as long- as the corolla-tube, with
very small ^anthers, Style still longer, the stigmatic end small and
clavate. Fruiting-calyx attaining- \ in., the upper lobe ovate, obtuse
and dccurrent, the lateral oncs nearly as long-, acute, with short points,

Orthosiphon.] xcili. LABlATiE. 77

tlie lower ones connate to the niiddle, and produced into long- incurved
subulate points.

Queensland. Capc York, M'Gillli:ra}j, Veitch; Port Denison, FitrMlan; Biirilekiii
i-ivcr, Bowman ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. Freqiient in the Indiau Archipclago,
exLendinfr on the Asiatic continent to Aj^sam and Silliet.

4. PLECTRANTHUS, Lhe

Fruiting'-calyx in the Australian species reflexed, the upper tooth
broad ancl sometimes decurrent, the 2 lowest long* and pointed, the
hiteral ones shorter, in some other species the teeth all nearly equal.
Corona-tube long-er than the calyx, g-ibbous or produced into a spur
on the upj)er side ; upper lip 3- or 4-h3bed, lower lip entire, concave,
long-er than or rarely rather shorter than the upper one. Stamens
declinate, free, without any appendag-e ; anther-cells confluent. Style
shortly bitid. Nuts smooth or slig-htly granular. — Herbs, undershrubs
or in species not Austrahan, shrubs. Flowers usually numerous, rarely
only G, in false-whorls, often developed into loose opposite cymes form-
ing- terminal panicles, in the AustraHan species more compact forming-
interrupted racemes, the floral leaves rechiced to small decicUious bracts.

The genus is widely spread over tropical and subtropical Asia and Africa, one of the
Africaii species having been also found in Brazil (probably introduced). Of the three
Australian species, one extends to the Pacific Ishmds, the two others appear to be
endemic. The common Indian forms have none of them been as yet detected in
Australia.

riowers in false-whorls of 6, lower calyx-lobes obtuse. CoroUa with

a long spur 1. P. longicornis.

Flowers in false-whorls of 10 or niore. Lower calyx-lobes very
obtuse or aristate. Corolla not spurred.
False-whorls loose, of about 10 flowers. Fruiting-calyx 2 to 3

lines long 2. r.imrviflorus.

False-whorls dense, of about 20 flowers. Fruiting calyx about 1

line long 3. P. congesius.

1. P. longicornis, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 51, A perennial, more or
less pubescent or villous, with short rather rig-id hairs, Leaves usually

2 or 3 pairs near the base of the stem, obovate or oblong*, obtuse, sinuate
or coarsely toothed especially near the base, \\ to 3 in, long-, contracted
into a short petiole ; below the lowest pair there are also usually 2 or

3 pairs of very small nearly sessile orbicidar leaves, Flowering- stems
erect, often above 1 ft. hig-h, simple or shghtly branched, leafless except
at the base, the floral leaves being- all recluced to ovate reflexed bracts ;
rarely the stock emits also long- weak decumbent stems with a few
distant pairs of narrow leaves. Flowers cleep purple {Dallachij) or bhie
{F. Mucllcr), in false-whorls of 6, forming- long- slender racemes.
Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long*. Calyx at first very small ancl open, when
in fruit about 2 Hnes long-, very much incurved, deeply 2-hpped, the
upper hp formed of the broad obtuse sHg-htly decurrent and recurved
upper tooth with tlie 2 very smaU lateral lobes at its base, the lower
Hp as long- as the upper, obtuse and emarg-inate, incurved and concave.
CoroHa-tube slender, nearly 2 Hnes long', produced at the base into a

78 xciil. LABiATiE. [Plcctrantlius.

lono-narrow conical spur ; upper lip erect, broad, shortly 4-lobed, sliortcr
tlian tlic tube ; lower lip oblong-obovate, very concave, ratber shorter
than tlie upper. Stamens shorter than the corolla, the two upper ones
inserted nuich lower down than the lower ones.

Queensland. Cape York, WGilUvray; Eockingliam Bay, Dallacliy.

Tliis spccies lias precisely the calyx and sometliing of the habit of Coleus Africanus,
Benth. (which probably includes Plectranthus Palisoti, Benth.) In the Litter plant
however the foliage is dififerent, the flowers much more numerous in the false-whorls,
and as fiir as I can ascertain, the corolla and stamens are truly those of a Coleus.

Q. P. parviflorus, Willd. ; Benth. in DC.Prod. xii. 6?, not of B. Br.
An erect herb or underslirub very variable in size and indumentum,
sometimes under 1 ft. and much branched at the base, sometimes attaining-
2 or 3 ft. ; the stems rather fleshy, the whole plant pubescent villous
or tomentose or rarely nearly g-labrous. Leaves in the lower part of
the stem petiolate, ovate to orbicuhir, coarsely crenate, rounded or
cordate at the base, from under 1 in. to 2 or even 3 in. diameter,
usuallv rather thick soft rug-ose and tomentose or villous, but some-
times nearly g-hdjrous and smooth. Flowers small, of a bluish purple,
in false-wliorls of about 10, forming- long- terminal lealless racemes
either simple or sHg-htly branched, the floral leaves reduced to minute
bracts falUng- off" from the very early buds. Pedicels usually long-er
than the very small flowering- calyx ; the fruiting- calyx reflexed, much
curved, striate, 2 to nearly 3 lines long", the upper tooth or lobe broad
obtuse and slig-htly decurrent, the 4 lower ones incurved, very acute or
subulate-acuminate, the 2 lateral ones as long- as, the 2 lowest longer
than, the upper one. Corolla-tube about twice as long- as the calyx,
dechnate and sUg'htly gibbous at the base but not spurred ; upper lip
short and erect, the 2 upper lobes rather larg-er than the hiteral ones,
the lower hp twice as long- ; very concave. Stamens nearly as loug- as
the lower Hp. — P. graveolens, E. Br. Prod. 50G ; P. anstralis, R. Br.
Prod. nOC), Bot. Reg-. t. 1098, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. Q7.

N. Australia. Port Essington, Armstrong ; Gilbert river, F. Mueller ; Kennedy
district, Daintree.

Queensland. Broad Sound, Shoalwater Bay, NorthuniberUind island, ^. Brown ;
Burdekin rivcr, Fitzalan ; Lizard island, M'GilUvray ; "Whitsunday island, Henne ;
Bockhampton, DaUachy, Boivman; Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, F. MueUer ; toji of
Mount Faraday, MitcheU.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Bhie Mountains, B. Brown and otliers ; north-
ward to Ilastings, Macleay and Clarence nvers, BecJder and others ; New England,
C. iStuart ; soutliward to Twofold Bay, F. MueUcr.

Victoria. Snowy river, F. Miteller.

The specics extends to New Calcdonia and other islands of the South Pacifio and to
the San<!wich Islands, Ihc differences formerly observed between the Australian and
Sandwich Islaud pbmts disappearing in the hirger series of sj)ecimens now before us.

3. P. congestus, U. Br. Prod. 500. A tall herb, attaining- accord-
ing' to Dalhichy 10 to 12 ft., usually hoary-tomentose. Leaves ovate,
shortly aciuninate or obtuse, coarsely crenate, narrowed into a petiole,
soft and rug-ose, tomentose on both sides, about 2 or 3 in. long- in the
specimens seen but the lower ones probably longer. Fiowers small,

Plectmnthus.\ xciii. labiata;. 79

blue, numerous (often above 20), in dense false-wliorls, forming- long-
almost spike-like interrupted racemes of wliicli several are collected in
a larg-e terminal leaHess panicle, tlie lioral leaves reduced to minute
very deciduous bracts. Fedicels very short. Calyx villous and co-
piously dotted and scarcely above 1 line long- when in fruit, declinate
or reiiexed, tbe upper lobe broadly ovate, obtuse, not decurrent, the
lateral ones acute but not much narrower, the 2 lowest narrower and
rather long-er, incurved and very acute. CoroUa-tube about 2 lines
long', abruptly declinate and slig-htly gibbous on the upper side below
the middle but not spurred ; upper lip about half as long- as the tube,
the 2 upper lobes broadly obovate, the 2 lateral ones very much smaller ;
the lower lobe or lip twice as long- as the upper one and very concave.
— Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. QQ.

Queensland. Entleavour river, Banhs and Solander; Eockingham Bay, Ballaclnj.

6. COLEUS, Lour.

Fruiting--calyx usually declinate or reflexed, the upper tooth broad,
scarcely decurrent, the lateral ones truncate or acute, the two lower
usually longer, more connate and acute. Corolla-tube longer than the
calyx, declinate or bent down, not spurred ; upper lip short, 3- or 4-
lobed, the lower mucb long-er, entire, very concave or boat-shaped.
Stamens 4, more or less connate in a tube round the style ; anther-cells
confluent. Style shortly biiid at the top. Nuts .small, smooth. — Herbs
rarely shrubs. Flowers in false-whorls of 6 or more, sometimes very
dense, sometimes g-rowing- out into opposite variously branched cymes,
forming- terminal leafless racemes or panicles, the floral leaves reduced
to small deciduous bracts.

The genus extends over tropical Asia and Africa, the only AnstraHan species being
apparently the same as a common one in the Archipelago, although represented by
endemic forms or varieties, which however require further investigation. The genus
ditfers from Plectranthus chiefly in the monadelphous stamens.

1. C. scutellarioides, Benth. ; BC. Prod. xii. 73. A tall herb or
undershrub, the ty]iical form pubescent or nearly g-labrous, with slender
branches. Leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminate or obtuse, slightly crenate-
toothed and more or less purple underneath in the typical form, but
varying- much in the Australian varieties, mostly 1| to 3 in. long-.
Flowers rather small and numerous at flrst, in rather compact false-
whorls forming- long- slender terminal racemes, but in most varieties as
the flowering- advances the two primary branches on each side leng-then
considerably, converting- the false-whorl into two opposite sessile once
forked cymes, with the pedicels arrang-ed along- each branch. Calyx
very small when in flower, enlarg-ed afterwards, detiexed, the tube
striate, the broad upper lobe slig-htly decurrent, the lateral ones rather
shorter and very obtuse, the 2 lowest much longer, connate to near the
end where tliey form two small points. Corolla-tube slender, slig-btly
g-ibbous at the base, then abruptly bent down, the tliroat dilated espe-

80 XCIII. LABIAT.E. [Colcus.

ciiillv in tlie Aiistralinn varieties, of a pale bliiish white as well as the
ujnior lip, the hiwcr hoat-sha])ed hp or lobe of a deeper blue. Stamens
not excccding' the lower k)be. — Ocimvm sciitrlhtrioidcs^ Linn. • Bot. Mag'.
t. 1440; Plcctranthus scutcUariaidcs, R. Br. Prod. 50(3.

N. Australia, E. Brovn and othcrs. The species appcars to be widcly distri-
liiitcil ovcr tho Iiiilian Archipehigo, and ought pcrhaps to include C. atropurjnireus,
IkMitli. and some otliers. The flowers are in the typical form rather sniailer, and the
friiiting cymes usually lcss dcveloped than in Austraha, where moreover the following
varieties appear very distinct in the few specimens we possess.

Var. ancjustifoUa. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent underneatb, coarsely
todthcd. False-whorls in some specimens compact, in others the cymcs more deve-
loped. — Table Ilill, Victoria river and Macadam Eange, F. Mueller ; Port Essington,
Armstrong.

Var. la.va. Glabrous. Leaves broad, not acuminate, coar-sely toothed. Inflorescence
loose, the 2 branches on each .side of the false-whorl at length much elongated, flowers
large. — Eoe river, York Sound, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham, ; Roebuck Bay, N.W.
coasl, Martin; Arnhom's Laud, 11. Brown, 3Iachinlaij.

Var. limnophila, F. Muell Loosely villous, ahnost woolly. Leaves ovate, acuminate,
coarsely tootlicd, rather large. Inflorescence at least as loose and flowers as large as in
the preceding varicty. — Nicholson and Macarthur rivers, F. Mueller.

* 6. HYPTIS, Jacq.

Fruitinp'-calyx erect, with 5 subuhite or acute teeth. Corona-tube
cyHndrical, the 4 upper lobes flat and erect or spreading-, the lowest
lo1)c saccate, contracted at the base and abruptly deilexed. Stamens 4,
declinate, without appendag-es ; anther-cells confluent. Nuts various.
— Herbs, undershrubs or shrubs, exceeding-ly diversified in habit and
intlorescence, but always known by the saccate lower lobe of the
corolla.

A very large genus, cntirely American, trnpical or subtropical, a few of the species
are however now spread over various tropical regions of the Old World, especially
Africa, and amongst the most weedy of these is the only one hitherto found in Australia.

* 1. H. suaveolens, Poit. ; Bcntli. in DC. Prod. xii. 126. A coarse
erect herb of ~ to 0 ft., inore or less hirsute. Leaves petiolate, broadly
ovate, irregularly toothed, often cordate, 1 to 3 in. long-, tlie upper
floral ones g-radually smaller and passing- into small bracts. Peduncles
in the upper axils 2 to 4 lines long- or almost none, bearing- little heads
of 3 to 5 small flowers, sometimes all in irreg'ular axillary false-whorls,
sometimes forming* irreg'ular almost leafless panicles or spikes. Fruitino*
calyx 3 to 4 lines long-, obliquely campanulate, truncate and ciliate on
the marg-in, with 5 subulate teeth. CoroUa about 3 lines long-, the
lips shorter than the tube.

N. Australia. Garden Bay, Port Essington, Leichhardt. A common ti-opical
American wccd, now found in many parts of the Old World, and probably introduced
into .i^ustralia froni the Indian Archipelago.

Thiuk TI. SATUUEiEiE. — Corolla-lobes spreading-, not hood-
sliaped, c(jual or more or less two-lipped. Stamens 4 or 2, distant,
erect, divaricate or connivent in pairs under the upper lip, the upper
pair shorter or abortive. Anthers 2-celled, or rarely as in Ocimoidffi

Ui/pttS.] XCIII. LABIAT^. 81

1-celled l)y tlie confluence of tlie cells. Nuts dry, smootli or minutely
gTanular.

7. DYSOPHYLLA, Blumc.

Calyx equally 5-toothed. Corolla with a short tube ; the limb of 4
equal or nearly equal lobes. Staraens 4, nearly equal, exserted, the
filaments bearded; anthers small, terminal, nearly g-lobuhir, 1-celled.
— Ilerbs. Leaves opposite or whorled. Flowers in dense false-whorls,
forming- close cyHndrical terminal spikes.

The ijenus comprises several tropical Asiatic species, including among them the ouly
Australian one. The commonest and widest spread of them, D. auricularia,
Bhmie, has however, not yet bcen detected in Australia. Hasskarl has jjroposed the
uniting the genus wilh Pogostemon, of which it would at any rate form a very marked
section, characterised by the inflorescence and habit as well as by the more regular
corolla.

1. D. verticillata, Bcnth. ; DC. Prod. xii. 157. A g-labrous or
somewhat pubescent herb, decumbent at the base or floating' in water,
ascending- to 1 ft. or more. Leaves in whorls of 4 to 6 or rarely more,
sessile, linear or Hnear-lanceolate, entire, with recurved margins, 1 to l2
in. long or even more. Flowers very smaU and numerous, the false-
Avhorls crowded in dense cyHndrical spikes of f to 2 in., the tips of the
bracts subtending- the false-whorls sometimes appearing- in the young;
spikes in 4, 6 or 8 rows. Calyx softly viHous, scarcely one Hne long*
when in fruit, and much smaller in the flower. CoroHa-tube shorter
than the calyx, the lobes as long as the tube. Stamens shortly ex-
ceecHng- the coroUa-lobes, the fihaments bearded with reddish purple
hairs.

N. Australia. Boggy situations, S. Goulburn island, A. Cunningliam ; Lagoons,
Mitcheirs river, Gulf of Carpentaria, Leichhardt, in both cases the common form with
glabrous stems and foliage.

Queensland. — Edges of waterholes, Rockingham Bay, Dallachy, a pubescent
variety also found in India, but not so common as the glabrous one.

The species is widely spread over East India and the Archipelago. Thwaites is pro-
bably right in uniting with it as varieties D. crassicaulis, Benth., and D. t^^traphrjlla,
AVight, Ic. t. 1444.

8. MENTHA, Linn.

Calyx regular or sHghtly 2-Hpped, 5-toothed. Corolla-tube not at
all or scarcely exceeding the calyx ; Hmb 4-lobed, the lobes aH equal and
spreading or the upper one broader and notched. Stamens 4, ecpial,
erect, distant ; filaments glabrous ; anthers with 2 paraHel ceHs. Style
shortly bifid. Nuts smooth. — Herbs, usuaHy copiously dotted and
strongly scented. Flowers small, in false-whorls usuaH^r dense rarely
few-flowered, all axiUary or in species not AustraHan, forming terminal
spikes, with the floral leaves reduced to bracts. Bracts within the
false-whorls minute, or rarely subuhite and as long- as the calyx.

The genus is chiefly extratropical and most abundant in Europe and Northern Asia,
with one or two North American species scarcely different from Asiatic ones, so also
the very few tropical Asiatic forms are but slight modifications of common northeru
VOL. V. G

gO XCIII. LABIATM. [Meiitha.

ones. The six following Australian spccies are all enderaic. They appear as difficult

to definc hy positive characters, and to pass into each other as gradually as the species

allied to M. arvensis in the northern hemisphere. Tliey all beiong to tlie group with

axillary false-wliorls, and one of them comes very near indeed to the almost ubiquitous

Jtl. arrensts, the gonuine forms of which have not however as yet appeared in

Australia.

Leaves all toothcd. Flowers numerous in tbe false wborls.

Pedicels usually as long as the calyx 1. M.laxiflora.

Leaves mostly toothed. Flowers less numerous, the coroUa

fully 5 lines long. Pedicels short 2. M. grandiflora.

Lcaves all or mostly entire. Pedicels very short (except where
the flowers are very few).
Flowers numerons, rather large. Calyx-teeth subulate. Corolla

under 4 lines long. Leaves lanceolate 3. 31. aiistralis.

Flowers less nnmerous and smaller. Calyx-teeth lanceolate-

subulate. Leaves small ovate 4. M. gracilis.

Flowers few in tbe false-whorls and small. Calyx-teeth lanceo-

late, somewhat hairy inside. Leaves nearly sessile , . . 5. M. serpyllifolia.
Flowers few in the false-whorls and small. Calyx-teeth short,

densely hairy inside. Leaves ovate to oblong-Iinear . . &. M. satureioides.

Besides the above, the two foUowing European species have been sent amongst the
plants introduced into Australia.

M . viridis, lAnn. \ Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 168. Stems erect, 1 to 2 feet high,
glabrous as well as the foliage. Leaves sessile or nearly so, ovate-lanceolate, irregu-
larly serrate. False-whorls in a loose cylindrical terminal leafless spike, the floral leaves
reduced to small narrow bracts. Calyx usually hairy. — Borders of streams, Mount Lofty
Kange, F. Mueller.

M. aqvatica, Linn. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 170. Erect, 1 to 2 ft. high, more or
less hirsute. Leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, serrate, the floral ones similar
except the upper ones, which are reduced to small bracts. Flowers numerous in a
rather large terminal nearly globularfalse-whorl, with the addition frequently of one or
more similar false-whorls a little lower down or in the upper axils. — Bordcrs of streams,
&c., Karrie Dale and throughout the Warree country, W. Australia, Walcott; Tone
river, Maxicell.

1. M. laxiflora, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 174. Stems -weak, pro-
ciimbent, from under 1 ft. to near 2ft. liigh, more or less hirsute on
tbe ano-les as well as the foliag'e. Leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate-
oblong", obtuse, toothed, the lloral ones similar. Flowers in loose
axillary false-whorls, the pedicels usually as long' as or even long'er than
the calyx. Calyx hi.^pid, about l^ lines long-, tlie lobes lanceolate, as
long- as the tube, scarcely villous inside. Corolla twice as long' as the
calyx, tlie limb 4-lobed, the upper lobe scarcelv notched.

Victoria. — Port Philip, Gunn; Buffalo Bange, Mount William, Mount Disappoiut-
ment, Baliarat, &c., F. Mueller ; Ararat, Green.

This is not easily to be distinguished from some rather anomalous loose flowered
Europcan forms of M. arvensis, the foliage is quite different from that of the more com-
mon Australian species.

1?. M. grandiflora, Bcnfh. in Mitch. Trop. Amtr. 3G2 a)id in DC.
Prod. xii. (it>S. JSottly pul)escent. Leaves petiolate, ovate, mostly
toothed, ^ to I in. lon^-. False-whorls all axillary, loose and not many-
flowered, but the pedicels all shorter than the calyx. Calyx about
2^ lines long-, the teeth lanceolate or lanceolate-subulate, scarcely
villous inside. Corolla ftilly 5 lines long-, the tube ratlier long-er than

Mentha.] xciii. labiatte. 83

tlie calyx, tlie upper lobe deeply notclied or shortly bifid. Stamens and
style mnch long-er than the coroUa.

Queensland. On the Maranoa, Mitchell. The specimens are but few, and may
licioiiltor provc to bo exceptional, but tbe flowcrs are mnch larger than those of any
Meiitha known to nie, and the foliage is nearer that of M. laxiflora than of M. australis,
with which F. Muelier unitcs the species, without bowever having seen thc specimens.

8. M. australis, 7?. Br. Prod. 505. Stems erect or ascending-,
])ranchod, 1 to 2 feet higli, usually scabrous on the ang-les. Leaves
hinceohite or rarely ovate-hinceolate, quite entire or here and there
sparingly toothed, contracted into a short petiole or almost sessile,
g-hibrous or hoary-pubescent especially underneath, often above 1 in.
long-. Flowers in axillary false-whorls, usually numerous, on very
short pedicels or quite sessile. Calyx narrow, hoary-pubescent or
villous, 2 to nearly 3 lines long-, the teeth subulate or narrow-lan-
ceolate, very acute, sliglitly villous inside. Corolhi-tube not exceeding-
the calyx, the lobes shorter than the tube, the upper one more or less
deeply 2-lobed, the whole corolla under 4 lines long-. — Benth. in DC.
Prod. xii. 174; Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 281 -, Micro»ieria australis, Benth.
Lab. Gen. et Sp. 380.

Queensland. In the interior, Mitchell.

N. S. Wales. Hawkesbury river, R. Brown ; Darling river, Mrs. Ford ; on the
Murrumbidgee, F. Mueller.
Victoria. Mitchell ; Wendu vale, Hobertson, Yarra river and Sandy Creek, F.

Mueller.

Tasmania. Port Dab-yraple, R. Brown ; common in marshy places, /. D. Hoolcer.

S. Australia. From the Murray river, Behr., to St. Vincenfs Gulf, F. Mueller and
others ; towards Spencer's Gulf, Warhurton ; Cooper's Creek, HowitVs Expedition.

The difterences observed in the upper lobe of the corolla of this and the allied species,
deeply lobed, notcbed only, or eutire, require further observation to ascertain whether
they are really of specific constancy.

4. M. gracilis, R. Br. Prod. 505. Very nearly allied to M. austraUs,
of which Archer considers it as a variety, but a smaller more diffuse
and branching- plant, rarely attaining- 1 ft,, hoarj^-pubescent or g-labrous
like that species, but the stems much smoother. Leaves petiolate,
ovate or rarely ovate-lanceolate, entire or scarcely toothed, under 1 in.
and often not ^ in. long-. Flowers much smaller than in M. australis
and rather fewer in the false-whorls, the pedicels exceedingly short or
scarcely any. Calyx 1| to about 2 lines long-, the teeth lanceolate or
lanceolate-subulate, not very hairy inside. Corolla-tube shorter than
the calyx, the lobes much shorter than the tube, the upper one scarcely
notched.— Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 174} Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 281 ;
M. dicmcniea, Spreng-. Syst. ii. 724 j Micromeria gracilis, Benth. Lab.
Gen. et Sp. 380.

Victoria. Mouth of the Glenelg river, Allitt ; near Melbourne, Adamson (with
hirger narrower leaves, but small flowers) ; Creswick, Whan ; Gipps Land, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Poit Dalrymple, R. Brown ; in stony places not unfrequent, /. D.
Hooher.

5. Australia. Onkaparinga nvcr, F. Mueller ; Rapide Bay, Malpas. Tbe northern
specimens referred to this species by F. Mueller (Fragm. vi. 109) appear to me all to
belong to M. satureioides.

g2

84 xciii. labiat.t:. [Mentlia.

b. M. serpyllifolia, Bnith. in DC. Prod. xii. 174. A slender
diffiise perciiiiiul, ofton creeping- at the base, the filiform ascending
stems rarelv above G in. lono-, g-labrous or very sligbtly pubescent.
Leaves very shortly petiolate or ahno^t sessile, ovate, entire or rarely
obscurely toothed, under J in. and often not l in. long'. Flowers small,
few, in ^axilhiry false-whorls of 4 to 6 or sometimes reduced to 2
opposite liowers. Calyx about li hnes long-, the teeth lanceolate, acute,
villous inside but miich less so than in M. satvrcioidcs. Corolla not
twice as lon"- as the calyx, the upper lobe usually shortly bifid.—
Hook. f FL Tasm. i. 281 ; Micromcria scssilis and M. ojfinis, Ilook. f.
in llook. Lond. Journ. vi. 274.

Victoria. King river, Guichen Bay, Mount Disappoiutment, Wilson^s Proniontory,
&c, F. Mucller.

Tasmania. Not uncommon in marshes in various paiis of the island, Gunn.

S. Australia. Toireus river, F. Mueller.

Possibly a varicty of M. gracilis. The Victorian aud S. Australian ppecimens are
less characteristic tliau tiie Tasmauian ones.

C. M. satureioides, h'. Br. Prod. 505. A small much-branched
erect or diftuse ])erennial, under 1 ft. and often only a few inches hig-h,
glabrous or minutely hoary-pubescent. Leaves petiolate or sometimes
almost sessile, usually oblong- or oblono--lanceolate, but varying- from
ovate to almost linear, obtuse, entire, under J in. long- when broad, some-
times nearly 1 in. when narrow. Flowers usually 6 or fewer rarely
rather more, in axillary false-whorls. Pedicels shorter than the calyx
and often very short. Calyx l^ to nearly 2 lines long-, the teeth
shortly lanceolate or triangular, always densely villous inside with
white hairs, readily distinguishing this species from all others. Corolla
small, the uii])er lobe usually shortly bifid. — Benth. in DC. Prod. xii.
174 ; Microincria saturciuidvs, Benth. Lab. Gen. et Sp. 380 ; Bartl. in Pl.
Preiss. i. ;J.")4.

Queensland. Burnett river and Moreton Bay, F. Mueller ; Kockhamptou, TJiozet;
Darliut; J)n\viis, Lau.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, B. Brown, Sieler, n. 491, and
others ; northward to llastings, Maclcay and Clareuce rivevs, JlecJder ; New England,
C. Stuart ; Castlei-cagh river, C'. Moore; \\\ the interior to Lachlan river, A. Cumdng-
Jtam ; ou the Murrumbidgee, F. Mueller.

Victoria. ]5acchus Marsh, Loddon river, Creswick Creek, Macalister river, &;., F.
Muellcr ; Wimincra, JJallacJiy.

S. Australia. Near Bethanie, BeJir. ; Oukaparinga rivcr, St. Yincent's Giilf, Port
Linrnhi, &c,, /: MuelJcr.

W. Australia. King George'8 Sound, Buegel ; Blackwood rivei-, Walcott ; Swan
river, Vruminond, \st coll. n. 458, Preiss, n. 2322 a, 2323, 2324.

9. LYCOPUS, Linu.

Calyx equally 4- or 5-toothed. Corolla-tube short, limb noarly
equally 4-lobed. Two upper stamens reduced to small filiform
staminodia sometimes capitellate at the top ; the 2 lower ones perfect,
distant, with 2-celled anthers. Style shortly bilid. Nuts smooth,
with three callous angles and truncate at the top.— Perennial herbs,

LlJCOpus.\ Xflll. LABIAT^. 85

usually emitting" stolones. Flowers small, usually numerous, in dense
axillary false-whorls. Bracts within the false-whorls minute, or the
outer ones as long- as the calyx.

Tbe genus consists of very few species, or varieties, dispersed over the temperate
regions of tlie northern hemisphere, the only Australian species scarcely differing from
some of the northern forms.

1. L. australis, B. Br. Prod. 500. An erectherb, attaining- some-
times 2 or 3 ft., ghibrous or sprinkled with a few minute hairs. Leaves
hmceohite, acuminate, bordered by a few rather coarse acute teeth, con-
tracted into a short petiole or nearly sessile, often 3 or 4 in. long-,
usually scabrous with very short rig-id hairs or small tubercles, Flowers
in dense axillary false-whorls, intermixed with subulate or linear-
hmceohite bracts, of which the outer ones often exceed the calyx.
Cah^x \h lines long- or rather more, with 5 acute hxnceolate teeth
long-er than the tube. Corolla scarcely exceeding- the calyx, the lobes
shorter than the tube. Staminodia small, usually clavate at the end,
but apparentlv variable ; perfect stamens long"er or shorter than the
corolhi.— Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 178; Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 282.

Queensland. Burnett river, Daly.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, B. Broion and others ; New England, C Stuart.

Victoria. Port Phillip, R. Browii ; Wendu river, Rohertson ; near Melbourne,
F. Muelkr.

Tasmania. Derwent river, B. Brown; not uncommon iu moist shady places,
G\inn.

S. Australia. Third Creek, F. MueUer.

Tribe III. MoNARDE^. — Stameus 2; anthers with one linear or
oblong-linear perfect cell, the other cell either entirely abortive or
barren and deformed, or rarely perfect in species or g-enera not Austra-
lian, the connective usually elong-ated and filiform. Corolla usually
2-Hpped. Nuts smooth or minutely granular.

10. SALVIA, Linn.

Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip entire or with 3 minute teeth, the
lower Hp 2-cleft. Corolla with the upper Hp erect, concave or arched,
entire or scarcely notched, the lower Hp spreading-, 3-lobed, the middle
lobe often notched or divided. Stamens 2, but easily mistaken for 4,
the real fihiments very short, the fiHform connective appearing- Hke
branclies of the filament, with a sing-le oblong;-Hnear anther-cell at the
upper end, and at the lower end a small empty cell, usually much de-
formed or quite rudimentary, rarely almost perfect. — Herbs, shrubs or
trees, exceeding-Iy diversified in habit and infiorescence.

A vei y large genus, widely distributed ovor the temperate and warmer regions of the
glube, although within the tropics the majnrity of species are mountain plants. In
Aiistralia however it is exceptioiially limited to a single species, anJ that a common
one in tropical Asia, and belouging, moreover, to an Asiatic section sparingly represented
in Africa.

1. S. plebeia, 7?. Br., Prod. 501. An erect branching- pubescent or
hairy coarse annual, 1 to 2 or even 3 ft. hig-h, the infiorescence some-

gCi XCIII. LABIAlVr. [Sfilviu.

times o-landular-visciil Leaves petiolate, oblong- or lanceolate, obtuse
or aciite ruj^ose, li to 3in. long-. Flowers exceedingly small, in false-
whorls of 6" forrning- branched paniculate racemes. Calyx pubescent,
ovoid and 1 Hne long when in flower, reflexed campanuhite and 2 lines
lon"- when in fruit, the upper lip entire, recurved, obtuse or obscurely
I)ointed. Corolla scarcely longer than the calyx, the upper lip short
erect and concave. Connectives of the anthers free at the lower end
with a small barren anther-celL — Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 355.

Queensland. Burdekin river, F. Mueller ; Eockbarapton, Thozet, 0'Shanesy ;
Kennedv District, Baintree ; Darling Downs, Lau.

N. S. 'Wales. Hawkesbury,Nepeanand Paterson rivers, B. Broion ; Nepean river,
WooUs ; Argyle county, A. Cunningham ; Hastings river, BecUer ; New England, C.
Stuart.

Victoria. Tambo, Snowy and Broadribbe rivers, F. Mueller.

Tbe spccics is common in E. India, extending from Cabul to tbe Pbilippines and
nortbward to Pekin and Japan.

Amongst tbe introduced plants in F. Mueller's and otbers berbaria are tbe foUow-
ing species of Salvia : —

S. verhenaca, Linn. ; Bentb. in DC. Prod. xii. 294, a coarse erect sligbtly brancbed
perennial of 1 to 2 ft. Lower leaves petiolato, ovate, coarsely tootbed or lobed, i-ugose,
tbo upper onos sessile broader and sborter. Flowers small, blue, in false-whorls of about
6, forming terminal sligbtly brancbed racemes, tbe floral leaves reduced to beart-sbaped
bracts, tlie upper iip of the calyx witb minute connivent teetb, tbe corolla not twice tbe
lengtb of the calyx, witb a somewbat arcbed uppor lip. Connectives of tbe antbers
dilated and cobering at tbe lower end. A commoa European weed said to be natu-
ralised near Batburst, at Swan Hill, &c.

S. pratensis, Linn. ; Bentb. l.c. 289. Near S. verhenaca, with a similar fioral structure,
but the stems less leafy, the leaves being chiefly radical, and the flowers very much
larger, of a deep blue, witb a long arched upper Hp. Also a common European plant of
whicb tbere is an Australian fragment in Ilerb. F. Mueller, with tbe foUowing.

S. sclarea, Linn. ; Bentli. l.c. 281. A coarse herb more branched thau tbe preceding.
Leaves mostly radical, broad, soft, very rugose and often woolly white, the bract-like
floral ones broad and more or less coloured. Calyx mucb larger tban in tbe preceding,
more open, with tbe upper lip deeply 3-toothed. Corolla pale blue, ratbor large, the
upper lip arcbed. A native of the Mediterranean regiou, established (in Victoria ?) as
an escape from gardens.

S. coccinea, Linn. ; Benth. l.c. 343. Erect brancbingand almost sbrubby, hoarj^-pubes-
cent. Leaves ratber small. CoroIIa scarlet, the upper lip short and erect, the lower
large and broad. A North American plant, a very old inmate of gardens, said to have
established itself about Eockbampton.

Tribe IV. Staciiyde^. — Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending- iinder
the iipper lip of the corolla, the k)west pair the longest. Anthers
2-celled. Corolla with the upper lip concave or keeled. Nuts dry,
smooth or g-ranular-tuberculate.

11. PRUNELLA, Linn.
(Bruuella of older authors.)

Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip flat, truncate, shortly 3-toothed, the
lower with 'J lanceohite lobes. Corolla-tube as long- as or kinger than
the calyx, the upj^er Hp erect, short, broad, concave, uearly entire, the
lower one spreading, 3-Iobed. Stamens 4, in pairs, ascending under
the upper lip, each filament Avith a smuU tooth under the anthers.

Pn/neUti.] xciii. labiat^. S7

Antlier-cells distinct, divaricate. Style bifid at tlie top. Nuts oblono-,
smooth. — Perennial herbs, nsiially decumbent at the base. Flowers in
false-whorls of 0, forminy densc terminal spikes, with bract-Hke floral
leaves.

A genus of very few species, very widely dispersed over tlie temperate regions and
tropical mountains of botii the New and the Old World. Tlie only Australian species
is the common one over the whole range of the genus.

1. P. vulgaris, Lmn. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 410. Stems pro-
cumbent or shortly creeping- at the base, the flowering- branches
ascending- sometimes to above 1 ft., more or less sprinkled as well as
the foliag-e witli short rigid hairs, rarely giabrous. Leaves petiolate,
hinceohite or ovate-hmceolate, acute or obtuse, entire or somewhat
toothed, 1 to 3 in. long-. Flowers purplish bhie or rarely white, iii
false-whorls of 0, forming- a dense terminal spike, the bract-like floral
leaves broad, shortly pointed, often coloured, about as long- as the calyx.
Fruiting-calyx usually about 4 lines long-, the upper lip broad and flat,
the lobes of the lower lip linear-lanceolate, acute, as long- as the upper
lip. Corolla varying- from a little longer than the calyx to twice as
long.— R. Br. Prod. 50? ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 282.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown and others ;
Hastings, Macleay, and Clarence rivers, BecJder ; New Enghxnd, C. Stuart.

Victoria. Towards the Glenelg, Bohertson ; moist shady places, Creswiclc Creek,
BalLan, &c., F. Mueller ; Emu Creek, Whan.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymijle, B.Brown; common throughout the island by way-
sides, in pastures, &c., J. D. Hooler.

S. Australia. Torrens river, F. Mueller; Eapide Bay, Jlalpas.

The species is common in Europe, northern Asia and North America, extending
within the tropics into the mountainous regions of Asia and South America.

12. SCUTELLARIA, Linn.

Calyx divided into 2 entire Hps, the upper one bearing- on its l)ack a
hoHow scale-Hke protuberance. CoroUa with a rather long- tube, and
small nearly closed Hps, the upper one concave, emarginate, the
lower Hp convex, spreading-, emarginate at the end, the hateral lobes
more frequently connate with the upper Hp than with the lower.
Stamens 4, in pairs, ascending under the upper Hp ; anthers ciHate,
those of the upper pair ^-ceHed, those of the lower l-ceHed by the
abortion of the second ceH. Style with the upper stigmatic lobe ex-
ceecHngiy short. Nuts g-ranular-tuberculate, raised on a short obHcpie
stalk. — Herbs or rarely shrubs. Flowers soHtary within each floral
leaf, either opposite and axiHary or in terminal racemes or spikes.

The genus is widely distributed over the temperate and some of the warmer regions
both of the New and the Old World. The Australian species are both endemic, although
one of them bears considerable resemblance to a common northern one.

Pubescent. Leaves often above 1 in. long. CoroUa about 5 lines long,

the lower lip much longer than tlie upper 1. S. mollis.

Ghibrous or nearly so. Leaves rarelj' above 4 in. CoroUa about 3 lines

long, the lower lip rather longer than the upper 2. /S. htimilis.

88 xciii. i.ABiAT.i:. [SciitcUuriu.

1. S. mollis, /i'. ///•. Pr<i<}. oOr. A pereniiial witli a sleuder creeping-
rootstock and weak slio-htly branched ascending- stems of 1 ft. or more,
the angles acute and pubescent. Leaves petiolate, ovate or the upper
ones ovate-lanceolate, the lower ones sometimes cordate, coarsel}^
toothed, jmbescent with short hairs or more densely villous wlien
young-, the hirger ones above 1 in. long, the upper tioral ones gTadually
smalier and narrower, almost passing- into bracts. Pedicels axillary,
turned both to one side, 2 to Ji lines long. Calyx hirsute, scarcely as
long- as tlie pedicel. Corolla pale blue, about o lines hing, the tube
shortlv exserted, the lower lip considerablv longer than the upper one.
— Bentli. in DC. Prod. xii. ^2S.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to tbe Blue Mountains, R. Brown, A. and R. Cun-
ninr/ham, and othcrs.

Victoria. Nangatta niountains, F. Jltieller.

2. S. humilis, F. Br. Prod. 507. A perennial with a slender creeping-
rootstock aud atcending stems, like S. mollis, but much smaller in all
its parts and nearly giabrous or only minutely pubescent. Stems
usuallv under 0 in, and rarely when very hixuriant nearly a foot long-
and tlien not so weak as in S. moUis. Lower leaves petiolate, broadly
ovate or almost orbicular, usually cordate, marked with a few deep
crenatures or ahnost lobed, rarely above h in. long-, the lower floral
ones often the hirgest on long petioles and ahnost deltoid, the upper
ones gradually smaller, narrower and with shorter petioles, but none
quite sessile. Pedicels axillary, both turned to one side, 1 to 3 lines
long'. Calyx minutel}' pubescent. CoroHa aljout 3 lines long-, the
lower Hp ratlier lona-er than the upper one. — Benth. in DC. Prod. xii.
42? ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 283.

W. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, R. Broicn ; Mudgee, Woolls ; Liverpool plains,
A. Cuniiingham; New England, C. >Stuart.

Victoria. Varra river, Darebin Creek, Bacchus marsh, &c., F. MucUer and

OthtTS.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Broum ; very common in rich soil in the northern
partsofthe island, ./. £). Hooher. Some oi /Stury'8 specimens remarkably luxuriant
aiul iicarly 1 i\. high.

S. Australia. Kangaroo island, 7?. Broicn, Seah/.
_ The species is nearly allied to the Europcan and Asiatic S. minor and to the N. Ame-
rican S. parvula.

13. ANISOMELES, R. Br.

Calyx o-nei ved, 6-toothed, CuroHa-tube about as long as the calyx,
the upper Hp erect. entire, short and somewhat concave ; lower lip
longer, spreading, 3-lobed, the middle lobe hirger than the others,
emar<>inate or 2-lobed. Stamens 4, in pairs, projecting- from the u])per
hp of the corolla; anthers of the u]iper j^air 1-celled, of the lower pair
2-celled, all the cells parallel and transverse. Nuts smooth. — Coarse
herbs. Fh)wors in falso-whorls either dense or developed into oj)posite
cymes, all axiUary or forming tcrminal racemes,

The genus consists of very few but very variable .«pecies, common in tropical Asia,
scarceiy extending into E. Africa. The Australian forms, whether regarded as one or

Allisoilicles.] XCIII. luABlATM. 89

as four or live species, are supposcd to be eiideniic, but they .ipprnacli very near to a
few of tiie nanower-leavL-d E. Indian varieties of A. ovata .md A. Ileyneana.

1. A. salvifolia, li. Br. Prod. 503. A coarse erect lierb, attaining- 2
to 3 ft. or even more, very variable in indnmentum and in the develope-
ment of the inflorescence, freqnently hoarv-tomentose or ahnost woolly
without s])reading hairs, or when the phant is o-reener often hispid
with sjireading- luiirs especially on the angles of the stem, the calyxes
and intlorescence more or less ghinduhxr-viscid in tlie liispid forms, the
ghmds less conspicuous or entirely concealed in the tomentose ones.
Leaves huiceohite or ovate-hmceolate, or rarely ahnost ovate in the
small Howered forms, coarsely toothed, the hirger ones 2 to 4 in.
kmg contracted into a petiole, the lloral ones passing into small bracts,
all from thick soft and densely woolly tomentose on both sides to green
and pubescent only or ahnost glabrous. Flowers variously described as
pink, bhie or pale purple, in loose false-whorls generally turned to
one side, the lower ones sometimes axillary, the upper ones forming*
interrupted or dense irreguhar terminal racemes or thyrsoid panicles.
As the Howering advances the primary branches of each cyme often
lengthen out to above h, in., with the llowers all erect on the upper
side. Pedicels very short, each in the axil of a small hnear bract.
Cah^: usually about 2 hnes when the llower first opens, but lengthening-
to 3, 4 or even 5 liues, the tube 6-angled, the teeth hmceolate or more
or less sidjulate, shorter than the tube. Corolla-tube scarcely so long*
as the calyx and the upper lip still shorter ; lower hp at least twice as
long as the upper. Nuts shining-. — Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 455.

N. Australia. From tlie N.W. coast to tiie Gulf of Carpentaria.

Queensland. From Cape York to Moreton Bay, but not seen from far into the
interior.

The very different aspects given to the specimens by the diverslties in tlie indu-
mentum must at first suggest the existence of several species, and, had we only Brown's
speciniens, we should without hesitation have adopted the three he has proposed; but
with the very large number from various localities now before me, I am unable to assigu
any positive limits to any of the following : —

1. Covered with a very dense soft white or hoary toraentum, sometimes thick and
almost wooUy, sometimes close and cottony — the typical A. salvifolia, Br. — Islands of
the Gidf of Carpentaria, H. Broion ; Arnhem's Laiid, M'Kinlay] Victoria river and
Sturfs Cieek, F. MueUer ; Escape Cliffs, Halls ; Kenuedy district, Queenshxnd, Dain-
tree ; Nerkool Creek, Bowman ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

2. More loosely tomentose, the hairs scarcely spreading, the tomentum less white,
passing through some specimens into the next form. — N.W. coast and Port Essington,
A. Cunningham ; Sweers island, Henne : and the commonest form throughout Queens-
hmd, not far from the coast, and in the adjoining islands, A. Cunningham, Fraser,
M^OiUivray, BidwiU, F. MueUer, Henne, DaUaehy, Bowman, and many otliers.

3. Greeiier, pubescent, or nearly ghxbnnis, scarcely tomentose, but without spreading
hairs, the intforescence usually looser and the flowers sinaller than in the densely tomen-
tose forins. — Kockingham Bay, DaUacliy ; Trinity island, M'GiUirray. To this form
1 shnuhl icfer A. moschata and A. iHodora, R. Br. Prod. 503, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii.
455, tbe former from Keppel and Shoalwater Baj^s, leading towards the coiumon Queens-
hiiid form (n. 2), the latter from Prince of Wales island and Arnhem N. Bay, more
ncarly glabrous than any other, all very near to tho E. Indian A. Heyneaim.

4 Scarcely tomentose, green, more or less hirsntc with spreadiiig hairs. — Eocking-
ham Bay, Dallachy ; Gilbert river, F. MueUer ; the latter specimens more hispid still
than Dallachy's.

90 XCIII. LAUIAT^. \Ll'UCaS.

14. LEUCAS, H. Br.

Calyx erect, straiglit or ciuved and oblique at tlie top, 8- to
10-ribbed, 8- to 10-tootbed. Corolla-tube not long-er than the calyx,
the upper lip erect, concave, entire or rarely notched, very villous
outside ; lower lip spreading-, 3-lobed, Stamens 4, ascending" in pairs
under the u])per Hp ; antliers 2-celIed. Style with the upper stig-matic
lobe much shorter than the lower. Nuts dry, smooth, ti'iangular,
ol^tuse. — Herl)s or undershrubs. Flowers in axillary false-whorls,
white or rarely purplish.

A considerablc geiuis, spread over tropical and subtropical Asia and Africa. The
only Australiau species is closely allied to, if not identical witli, one of tbe Asiatic
forms.

1. L. flaccida, 7i'. B>\ Prod. 505. An annualwith a hard branching-
dccumbent base and ascending* or erect Howering- branches, often
virgate or wiry and above a foot long-, the whole plant pubescent or
tomentose with soft appressed hairs. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate,
crenatc, | to 1 in. long-, the upper floral ones small. Flowers 6 to 20
or even more tog-ether in axillary false-whorls, the pedicels exceeding-ly
short, the subtending- floral leaves usually exceeding- the Howers, the
bracts within the false whorls very small. Calyx about 3 lines long-
wlien in Hower and not much enlarg-ed afterwards, straight, 10-ribbed,
with 10 short softly subulate teeth, all equal or the alternate ones
rather smaller. Corolla white (or blue according- to Dallachy), not half
as long- again as the calyx. — Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 526.

Queensland. Endcavour river, Banhs and Solander ; Eockingbam Bay, Dallachy ;
Jloclchaniptoii, Bownian, 0' Slianesy.

A few specimens of apparcntly the sanie species have been received iVom the Eastern
Archipelago and froni Burniah, and the whole may not be specifically distinct from the
common Pacific ishind L. decemdentata, Sm. (JStachys decemdentata, Forst.), which
however luis much smaller calyxes with shorter teeth.

Var. ? petiolans. Pctioles longer than the calyx, as in L. decemdentata, but the
fragnientary .s]>ecimens appear to be iu an abnormal state, and the calyxes are those of
L.Jiaccidu. — Cape York, M'Gillivray.

Tribe V. Prostanthere^. — Stamens 4, in pairs, all bearing-
anthers, but sometimes one cell of all the anthers or both cells of the
lower pair sterile or abortive, Nuts prominently reticulate-rug'ose or
rarely nearly smootli, the pericarp rather thick. Seeds albuminous.
Calyx usually 10- or 13-nerved, very rarely 15-nerved. Corolla with
a bruad tliroat, the upper lip erect, concave or nearly flat, broad and
enuirg-inate or 2-lobed ; lower lip spreading-, 3-lobed*, long-er than or
vei-y rarely shorter than the upper lip.

B. Brown dcscribes thc albumeu of JProstanthera as "parcum aut nullum." I have
founil it jircscnt in the secds of a considcrable number of species of the difierent genera
of tlie tribe whicli 1 liave now examined, sometimes scanty, often rather copious,
although never pcrhaps bo ihick us is tigured by Labillardiere. F. Mueller has also rc-
presentcd the albumen of Prostanthcra sjnndsa rathcr thicker than I observed it, but
the exact proportion of tiie embryo to thc albunien may vary iu diffcrent seeds of the
same plant, according to the conditiou under which they ripened.

Frostauthcm.'] XCIII. labiat^. 91

15. PROSTANTHERA, R. Br.

(Chilodia aud Crypliia, E. Br. Klaiideria, F. Muell.)

Calyx-tube nsually striate, tlie liinb 2-lipped, tlie lips entire or tlie
lower one sliylitly eniarg-inate. Corolla-tube short, dilated into a broad
campanulate throat, the upper lip erect, usually short, slig-htly concave,
broadly L'-lobed ; the lower li]) spreadiny, 8-lobed, long-er or in one
section shorter than the upper Hp, the middle lobe larger and usually
emarg-inate or 2-lobed. 8tamens 4, in pairs ; anthers 2-celled, the
connective prominent at the back, sometimes cristate and usually pro-
duced into one or two linear appendag-es adnate at the base or in their
whole leng-th to the back of the cells, most frequently one of them
rarely both free at the end or in a g-reat part of their leng'th, sometimes
produced beyond the cell and tipped with a crest or tuft of sliort points
or liairs, but sometimes botli appendages very short or obsolete, the
anther-cells themselves usually tipped by short points, not crested, and
distinct ti'om, althoug"h sometimes mistaken for, the ends of the connec-
tive-appendag"es. Style shortly bifid at the end. Nuts reticulate-
rug-ose, attached eitlier obliquely at the base or adnate hig'her up.
Seeds albuminous. — Shrubs or undershrubs studded with resinous
g-lands and usually strong-ly scented. Leaves opposite. Flowers
solitary in the axils of the stem-leaves, or opposite in terminal racemes,
the lloral leaves reduced more or less to deciduous bracts. Pedicels
with a pair of bracts usually close under the calyx.

The genus is limited to Australia, the greater number of the species are extratropicai
and two only are natives of West Australia.

Sect. I. Euprostanthera. — Corolla-throat short and broad, vjyj^er lip sltort,
very broad, erect, loicer lip niuch lonyer with a large spreading niiddle lobe. Calyx-
lips usually closed over thefruit.

Series 1. Racemosse. — Floivers in terminal racemes, the floral ones all or mosthj
reduced to menibranous or broad acuminate or very decidaous bracts.

Leaves mostly above 1 in. long, on rather long petiolcs, flat or
nearly so.
One anther-appendage much longer than the cell. Corolla
pubescent.
Leaves mostly oblong-lanceolate. Bracts narrow . . . . 1. P. lasianthos.

Leaves mostly ovate. Bracts broad 2. F. prunelloldes.

Antherappendages both shorter than the cell. Leaves ovate.

Leaves rather thick, u&ually entire. Corolla glabrous . . . 3. P ccendea.
Leaves ratlier thin, coarsely toothed. CoroUa pubescent . . 5. F. melissifolia.
Leaves mostly 4 in. iong or smaller, on rather long petioles, flat or
nearly so. Anther-appendages shorter than the cells.
Leaves mostly about \ in. long, orbicular ovate or oblong.

Leaves rather thick, mostly entire 4. P. ovalifolia,

Leaves rather thin, mostly toothed.

Lower calyx-lip longer and narrower than tlie upper one . 6. F. incisa.

Both calyx-lips broad and nearly equal 7 . F. /Sieberi.

Leaves much under 4 in- long, broadly ovate or orbicular.
Leaves mostly 2 to 4 lines long, rathcr thick, entire or

filightly crenate, Uat. Plant slightiy hoary 8. P. rotundifolia.

92 xciii. LAliiAT^. [Prostunthcra.

Leavcs mostlv 1 to 2 lincs lonfr, iiot so thick, crenate, with

shf^litlv reviilntc maririns. Plant pubcscent or hirsute . . 9. -P. violacea.
Leaves on short petioles, with revohite margins.

Lcaves mo.stly undcr J in., ovate, crenate, vcry rugose. Plant

hirsiito. Anthcr-appendages sliorter tlian the cells . . . . 10. P. incana.
Leaves iV to 1 in., ovate lanceohvte or h'near, entire, scarceiy
rngose'. Plaiit hirsute. Both anthcrappendages shortly ex-

ceeding thc cells _• • •_• • • ,• • H. P. hlrtula.

Leaves fiom \ in. and ovate to 1 in. and h'near entire, sometimes
echinate. Plant pubescent or nearly glabrous. One anther-

appcndage cxcceding the cell 12. F. denticulata.

Reuies 2. Convexse. — Leaves small or narrow, sessile or shorthj pitiolate, convex
or vith revolute mar(jins when dry {nearhj flat in P. cuneata). Flowcrs a.riUari/, the
floral leaves similar to the stem-ones or rather smaller.
Leavcs ohovate ovate or orhicular, mostly under \ in. long.
Pnbescent-hirsute. Leaves ovate.

Leaves very rugose, crenate. Anther-appendage not ex-

ceeding the ceil 13. F.rugosa.

Leaves not rugose, entire. Anther-appendage half as long

again as the cell 1 4. P. marifolia.

Sliglitiy pubescent. Leaves orbicular or rhomboidal. Anther-

appendage not exceeding the cell 15. P. rhomlea.

Branches pubesccnt. Margins of the leaves very slightly re-
curved. Anther-appendage twice as long as the cell.
Spinesccnt wilh oppiie.ite slender spines of 4 in. Leaves ovate

often complicate andrecurved 16. F. spinosa.

Unarmed. Leaves obovate or cuneate, nearly flat . . . .17. F. cuneata.
Leaves linear, \ to 1 in. long.

Calyx glahrous inside or nearly so Anther-appondage twice as

lorig"as thc cell. Plant glabrous oi- nearly so 18. F. linearis.

Calyx with a raiscd transverse pubescent line inside at the base
of thc upper lip. Anther-appendage short or none.
Glabrous or nearly so. Leaves smooth, mostly ^ in. or more.

Anther-appendage nearly as long as tlie cell 19. F.phylicifolia.

Pubesccnt or hirsute. Leaves about \ in. long, scahrous, de-

cuspate. Anthcr-appendage nearly as long as the cell . . 20. F. decussata.
Glabrous or nearly so. Leaves smooth, about 4 in- long.

Anther-appendage quite obsolete 21, F. empetrifolia.

Series 3. Subconcavse. — Leaves {small ornarroiv), sessile or very shorthjp^etio-
late, concav", or with incurved margins or flat, the margins never recuri^ed. Flowers
axUlary, the floral havcs similar to the stem ones. Antherappendaga about twice as
long as the cell.

Leaves narrow, qnite entire (ahove \ iu.). Plant glabrous or
hoary with white appressed hairs.
Leaves oblong-iinear or lanceolate, mostly J to 1 in. long.
Branches white.

Calyx lips ncarly equal 22. F. Uthospermoides.

Calyx upper lip mucli longer than the lower one . . . . 23. P. Behriana.
Leaves lincar-tcrete, channelled above. Western species.

Caiyx npper lip much larger than the lower 24. P. Barteri.

0:ilyx-lips nearly equal 25. F. canaliculata.

Leavcs very narrow-linear and nearly 1 in. long, or linear-
oblong aud much shortcr. Eastern species.
Calyx upper iip large and membranous, lovver much snialler.
Leaves mostly very narrow.

Calyx npper lip bro id, under 5 lines long 26. F. nivea.

Caiyx npper lip ovate, 4 in. long 2 7. F. striatiflora.

Calyxlips small, uearly equal. Leaves mostly linear-ohlong 28. F. sa.iicola.

Prostanthcra.] xciii. labiat^. 03

Leaves entive or toothed, iisually sina!l ainl narrow. Plant more
or lcss glandular-pubescent or viscid.
Caly.\ npper lip larger than the lower. Plant very viscid-
pubescent. Leaves mostly about 3 lines long.

Lcaves entire 29. P. odoratissima.

Leaves prominently toothed or pinnatifid 30. P. euphrasioides.

Calyx-lips nearly equal. Plant slightly viscid-pubescent.

Leavcs about 2 lines, entire or slightly toothed . . . . 3L P. crnptandroides.
Leavos under 2 lines long, o vate or oblong. Plant nearly glabrous.

Calyx-lips nearly equal 32. P. euryhioides.

Sect. II. Klanderia. — Corolla-tuhe incurved, dilated upwards, the upper lip
erect and concave, the loiver lip spreading, shorter or not longer. Calyx-lips usually
equally open. Anther-aiipendage small or none.

Leavcs petiolate, flat, rather thick, above \ in. and often 4 in.
long. Corolla twice as long as the calyx.

Leaves orbicular 33. P. ringrns.

Leaves oblong or scarcely obovate 34. P. Leichhardlii.

Leaves scarcely petiolate, small, the margins recurved.

Pedicels very short. Corolla not half as long again as the

large calyx 35. P. calycina.

Pedicels longer than the calyx. Corolla twice as long as the

calyx . 36. P. chlorantha.

Leaves under 2 lines long, oblong, recurved, thick, the margins

not recurved 37. P. 7nicroj)liyJla.

Leaves linear-terete, with incurved margins, 1 to 4 lines long . 38. P. aspalathoides.

Sect. 1. EuPROSTANTHERA. — Calyx witli a distinctly striate tube,
the iipper lip after flowering- usually slightly turned back, the lower lip
turned up against it, closing- the orifice of the tube. Corolla with the
tube very shortly narrow at the base, the throat very broadly cam-
panulate and obHque, the upper Hp short, broad, erect, emarginate or
broadly 2-lobed, the lower lip larg-er, with 3 broad spreading- lobes,
the middle one larger, notched or 2-lobed. Stamens usually concealed
in the tube (short or incurved) or not very prominent.

The corolla in this section, although varying in size and in a slight degree in the
proportion of the lobes, appears, as far as can be judged from dried specimens, remark-
ably uniform in general shape. The degree of development of the anther-appendages,
although generally constant in species, does not appear to agree with other chai-ac^era
sufBciently to be available for subsectional groups.

Series 1. Racemos^. — Flowers in terminal racemes, the floral
leaves, or at least the upper ones reduced to bracts, either small and
membranous, or ovate and acuminate and very different from the stem-
leaves, or in most cases so deciduous as to be rarely observable when
the plant is in flower.

1. P. lasianthos, LaMlL Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 18, t, 157. A tall shrub,
sometimes attaining- the dimensions of a moderate sized tree, g-labrous
except the flowers. Leaves petiolate, usually oblong--hinceolate, rather
acute, serrate, flat or the margins recurved, of a firm consistence, not
rug-ose, dark gTeen above, pale or g-laucous and minutely dotted
underneath, 2 to 3 in. long; in some Victorian specimens shorter
broader more entire and almost coriaceous. Flowers opposite in pairs,

94 xciii. LABiAT^. [Prostanthera.

iii sliort loafless racemes, forming- a terminal panicle often leafy at tlie
base, but the leaves under the upper racemes very much reduced and
those under the pairs of flowers entirelj abortive. Pedicels short.
Bracts linear, shorter than the calvx and sometimes very minute,
Calyx slig-htly pubescent, attaining- 3 lines when in fruit, the tube
obscurely striate, tlie upper lip broad, the lower rather smaller. Corolla
" white ting-ed or spotted with pink" or " pale blue" hnirj inside and
out, often I in. long', the lobes very broad. Anthers with the long-er
a]»])endage about twice as long- as the cell, the other short and adnate.
— Br. Prod. 508 ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 559 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i.
28'.} ; Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 641 ; Bot. Reg-. t. 143 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 2434.

N. S. Wales. — Blue Mountains, B. Broicn and others; New England, C. Stuart ;
Koutliward to Illawarra, Sliepherd, and Twofold Bay, Mossman, F. Jlveller, and others.

Victoria. — Batiks of streams, &c., near Melbourne, Adamson; Dandenong ranges,
Jloant Disappointment, and various parts of Gipps Land, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. — Derwent river and Port Dalrymple, B. Brown ; common by the niar-
gins of furests, banks of streams, &c., /. D. Hooker.

Var. snbcoriacea, F. MuelL, leaves smaller and firmer, flowers rather smaller. — Gram-
pians, Wilhelmi.

2. P. prunelloides, 7?. Br. Prod. 508, A tall shrub, quite gla-
brous except the flowers or minutely scaly-pubescent, the angles of the
branches often prominent, and sometimes crisped or denticuhite. Leaves
on rather long ]:)etioles, ovate, obtuse, entire or with a few coarse irre-
g'ular teeth, of the flrm consistence of those of P. lasianthos, 1 to 2 in,
long". Flowers in simjile terminal racemes, or with one ]3air of branches
at the base. Floral leaves reduced to broad membranous obtuse concave
ciliate bracts, about as long- as the calyx, and enclosing- it in the young*
bud, but falling- off" long- before the flowering-. Pedicels short, with a
pair of very deciduous linear-lanceolate bracts under the calyx. Calyx
and corolla of P. lasianthos, or the latter rather less hairy, Anthers
with one a]3pendag-e about twice as long- as the cell, the other very short
or obsolete. — Benth, in DC. Prod. xii. 559.

N. S, 'Wales, Bkie Mountains, B. Brown, A. Cunningham and others.

3. P. coerulea, P. Br. Prod. 508. A tall shrub, glabrous or minutely
scaly-pubescent, intermediate in foliag'e between P. lasianthos and P.
pruntUoidcs, dififering from botli in the glabrous corolla and short anther-
appendages, the angles of the branches sometimes prominent. Leaves
jietiolate, in the typical form ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, slig-htly
serrate, 1 to 2 in. long-, and much like those of P. lasianthos, in the
more northern specimens nearer to those of P. prunelloides. Flowers
in sim]ile terminal racemes or with one pair of branches at the base,
the floral leaves reduced to ovate concave acuminate membranous bracts,
falling- ofl" from the very young- bud. Bracts under the calyx very small
or obsolete. Calyx of P. lasianthos ; corolla rather smaller than m that
species, " blue " and quite glabrous, Anthers Avith one appendage very
shortly free at the end, and about as long- as the cell, the other much
shorter and adnate, — Benth, in DC, Prod, xii. 559,

Prostantlicra.] xciii. labiat^, 95

N. S. \irales. Grose river, R. Brown ; sliaded ravines, Wollondolly river. A.
Cunnhfjham, (both with narrow leaves) ; NewEngland, C. Stuart with the ovate leaves
of P. jirunelloides.

4. P. ovalifolia, R. Br. Prod. 509. A densely bushy strong--scented
slirnb, more or less hoary with a minute a])pressed pubescence. Leaves
j)etiolate, ovate to oblong-, obtuse, entire, rather thick and tlat, rarely
exceeding- i in. and mostly smaller. Flovvers rather small, in sliort
loose terminal racemes, the iloral leaves small, bract-like and de-
ciduous, or the lower pair more leaf-like. Calyx not above 2 lines
long-, the Hps nearly equal and both entire. CoroUa " purple," about
4 or 5 lines long-, sHg-htly pubescent outside. Anthers with both ap-
pendag-es adnate nearly to the end, and not projecting- beyondthe cells.
— P. atripUcifolia, A. Cunn. in Benth. Lab. 451, and in DC. Prod. xii.
560.

Queensland. Shoal bay passage, R. Brown; WiJe Bay, Bidwill.

N. _S. Wales. Mount Lindsay, W. Hill ; barren hills S.W. of Lachlan river, A.
Cunningham. Some specimens from Mudgee, Woolls, belong also probably to this
species, unless indeed they represent an entire-leaved variety of P. incisa.

Var. ? latifolia. Leaves broadly ovate or almost orbicular and occasionally with one
or two slight crenatures, very much hirger than in P. rotundifolia, and as much smaller
than in P.cojrulea — P. ovalifolia, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 560. — N.W. interior of N. S.
Wales, Fraser ; head of Hastings river, C. Moore.

5. P. melissifolia, P. Mnell. Fragm. i. 19. Aslender looselybranched
shrub, with the habit and short hoary pubescence of P. incim and
P. Sicbcri, of which it may be a variety as sug-gested by F. Mueller.
Leaves much hirg-er than in those species, usually ovate, 1 to 1| or even
2 in. long-, rather thin, coarsely toothed. Racemes long-er and looser
than in P. incisa, all leailess. Calyx-lobes rather larg-erthan in thatspecies,
nearly equal, the upper one entire, the lower one emarginate or 2-lobed.
Corolla about twice as long- as the calyx. Anthers with the appendao-es
adnate ahnost to the end and not exceeding- the cells.

Victoria. Eanges near Cape Otway and Port Phillip, F. Mueller.

6. P. incisa, R. Br. Prod. 609. A slender much branched shrub,
quite giabrous or more frequently slig-htly hoary with a minute pubes-
cence. Leaves fi*om ovate-lanceolate to oblong-, obtuse, usually bor-
dered by a few coarse teeth, contracted into arather long- petiole,'rather
thick and flat in some specimens, thinner with the marg-ins slig-htly re-
curved in others, g-reen above, pale underneath, mostly 4 to 1 in. lono-.
Flowers rather small, in short but slender terminal racemes, the lowest
])air of floi;al leaves sometimes like the stem leaves but smaller, the otliers
reduced to small bracts falling- oif before the flowering-. PecUcels slender
but sliorter than the calyx ; bracts small. Calyx about 2 lines long- or
scarcel}' 3 lines when in fruit, the tube rather broad, striate, pubescent,
the upper lip very broad, entire ; the lower lip long-er, narrower, obtuse,
and usually emarg-inate. Corolla expanding- to about 6 lines diameter,
the lobes all broad. Anthers with both appendag-es adnate nearly or
the shorter one quite to the end, and neither of them exceeding-"the
cell. — Benth. in DC. Prod. xii, 559.

Qp, xciil. I.ABIAT7E. [Prostantkcrrt.

N. S. Wales. Grose river, B. Broion ; Blue INIouiitains, Caley, 3Jiss Atldnson;
Avoca vallev, liluc Mountains, Wilhelmi ; Lanbdown rivur and Port Macquariie, 6'.
iloore ; Ilastings river, Beckler.

Tlicrc are two coninion forms of Ihis species, ari.sing pcrliaps from the degree of ex-
posure of tlieir stations, the one with ratlier thick less-toothed leaves seems almost to
pass into P. ovalifolia, the other wilh thinner paler more cut leaves. Both are in
Browii's hcrbarium, but chiefly the former. The comparative size and shapeof the two
caiyx-lips appears to be variable.

Var. ? jjwtesceHS, F. Mueller. The whole plant very pubescent. Leaves more obovate
or cuneate. Authers wilh one appendage rather more prominent (iu the ouly flower
examined) the calyx and other characters those of tlie typical form. Possibly however
a distiuct species. — Forest rivulets near Twofold Bay, F. Mueller ; Port Macquarrie,
C. Moorc.

7. P. Sieberi, Boifh. Lab. Gen. et 8p. 451, and in DC. Prod. xii. 559.
A tall slender much branched shrub, slig-htly pubescent and closely re-
sembhng- the thin-leaved forms of P. inci.sa, and perhaps a variety.
Leaves usually more deeply toothed and more contracted at the base,
the racemes shorter and more leafy, and the calyx-lips both broad and
verv nearlv equal. — P. incisa, Sieb. Pl. Exs. not of R. Br.

N. S. '^Vales. Port Jackson, Sieler. n. 189 ; shady woods on the coast from Port
Jackson to the likiwarra, A. Cunningham. It remains to be ascertaiued how far the cha-
racters separating this from P. incisa, derived chiefly from the calyx, may prove constaut.

8. P, rotundifolia, P. Br. Prod. 509. A tall very bushy shrub,
attaining- sometimes C or 7 ft., the branches very shortly hoary-pubes-
cent, the foliage nearly glabrous. Leaves broadly ovate orbicukir or
spathulate, on rather long petioles, very obtuse, entire or with a few
larg-e crenatures, all under J in. long and often all under \ in. Flowers
in short close terminal racemes, the lower ones sometimes in the axils
of leaves like the stem ones, but the upper floral leaves always reduced
to sniidl deciduous bracts, Pedicels shorter than the calyx, with linear
deciduous bracts. Calyx about 2 lines long when in flower, somewhat
enlarged afterwards, the tube striate, the lips broad and nearly equal.
Corolla rather larger than in P. ovalifoUa. Anthers with both appen-
dages adnate nearly to the end, and not protruding beyond the cells. —
Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 560, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 284, t. 89; P. retvsa,
R. Br. Prod. 509 ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 560 ; P. cotinifoUa, A. Cunn.
in Benth. Lal). Gen. et Sp. 452, and in DC. Prod xii. 500.

N. S. 'Wales. Barrcu rocky couutry W. of Wellingtou valley, A. Cunningham ;
Lower Macquarrie river, Bowman.

Victoria. Buflalo Piange, Bacchus Marsh, Mount Zcro, Avou aud Geuoa rivers,
F. MucUcr ; TMouut Arepiles, JJallachy.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, B. Brown ; abundant ou N. aud S. Esk rivers, /. D.
Jloolcr.

S. Australia. S. E. part of the colony, /. J^. Woods.

P>row:i's spccinions of F. retusa ditibr from the typical P. rotundifolia but very
elightly, in the lcavcs more constantly crenate.

9. P. violacea, Ji. Br. I'rod. 509. A slender divaricately branclied
twiggy shnib, i)ul)escent, with very short but rigid hairs. Leaves very
small, sliortly but distinctly petiohite, broadly ovate or orbicular, more
or less crenate, with revohite margins, raroly exceeding 2 lines and often
not above oue Une long. Flowers usually blueish purplo, iu 2 or 3 pairs,

Prostanthera.] xciii. labiat^. 97

forming- little compact terminal racemes, tlie small bract-like floral leaves
very deciduons. Calyx shortly pubescent, 1| to ^ lines lonp-, the tube
striate, tlie npper lij) very broad, the lower rather long-er and narrower,
both nsually (juite cntire. Corolla not twice as long- as the calyx, and
sometimes scarcely exceeding- it, the throat very broad. Anthers with
both appendages aduate, one shortlv free at tlie end, but shorter than
the cell— Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. ^o&i ; Bot. Keo-. t. 1072 ; P. retusa,
Sieb. Pl. Exs. not of R. Br.

N. S. TVales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieher, n. 199 and
otlicrs.

Var. albiflora. Corolla white, but no other diflerence. — P. thymifoUa, A. Cunn. in
Benth. Lab. Gen. et Sp. 455, and in DC. Prod. xii. 563. — Springwood, Blue Mountains,
growing with the tjpical forra, A. Cunningham.

10. P. incana, A. Cimn. in Benth. Lab. Gen. et Sp. 455, aiid in DC.
Prod. xii. 563. A handsome shrub of 5 or 6 ft., more densely hirsute
and more robust in all its jiarts than P. violacea and P. rvgosa, some va-
rieties of which it sometimes resembles. Leaves on very short jjetioles,
ovate, prominently crenate, bullate-rugose, with recurved margins, 4 to
G lines long-, the lower floral ones similar butsmaller. Flowers small, in
several pairs crowded tog-ether at the ends of the branches into short
racemes leafy at the base, the upper floral leaves reduced to small very
deciduous bracts. Pedicels short. Calyx hirsute, about 2 lines long,
both the bps broad and entire, the lower one scarcely longer than the
upper. Corolla scarcely twice as long- as the calyx. Anthers with both
appendag-es adnate, one shortly free, but shorter than the cell, the
other still shorter.

rj. S. "Wales. Eocky ridges, Nepean river, A. Cunningham. Some imperfect
specimens from Benfs river, Woolls, probably belong to the same species.

11. P. hirtula, F. 3Iuell. A shrub of 3 to 5 ft., pubescent or hir-
sute with the rigid hairs of P. mMrifolia, to which this species is nearly
allied, differing- in inflorescence and in the larger leaves. Leaves very
shortly petiohite, ovate-lanceolate oblong- or almost linear, obtuse,
entire, with revohite margins, usually hirsute above and whitish under-
neath, scarcely or not at all rugose, rarely under | in. and often nearly
1 inch long-, the floral ones smaller, tbe uj)per ones reduced to small
deciduous bracts. Flowers larger tban in P. marifoUa, in the upper
axils, forming- an interrupted terminal more or less leafy raceme, or
sometimes nearly all axillary. Pedicels short; bracts small and
setaceous. Calyx hirsute, 2i to 3 Hnes long-, both the Hps broad and
nearly equal, entire or the lower one retuse. Corolla nearly twice as
long- as the calyx, g-hibrous or shghtly hairy. Anthers with both the
aj)pendag'es shortly exceeding- the cells.

Victoria. Buffalo Piange, Mount Disappointment, F. Mueller ; Grampians, Wil-
helmi.

Var. angu^tifolia. Leavesnarrow and rather less hirsute. — Genoa Peak, F. MueUer ^

12. P. denticulata, 7?. Br. Prod. 509. A robust shrub, with virg-ate
or long' and loose sometimes slender but rigid branches, pubescent

VOL. V. H

9g xcili. LABiAT^. [Prostanthera.

■vvith short trisped hairs. Leaves sessile or nearly so, from \ in. or
under and broadly lanceolate to \ in. long- or more and narrow-linear,
obtuse or ahnost acute, with recurved margins, not toothed but often
bearing- on the u])per surface near the margin a few short rigid hairs on
raised tubercles resembling- minute prickles, all very spreading-, the
floral ones passing- into ovate acuminate coloured bracts. Flowers
usually in distant pairs, forming' interrupted terminal racemes often
leafy at the base. JPedicels short. Bracts narrow-linear, close under
the calyx. Calyx more or less hirsute, 2 to 3 lines long-, the Hps broad,
entire, nearly equal or the lower one rather smaller. Corolla glabrous
or nearly so. Anthers with one appendag-e nearly half as long- ag'ain
as the cell, the other short and adnate. — Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 561.

N. S. TVales. Port Jackson, R. Broivn, Woolls, and otliers; granitic ranges W. of
Bathurst, .1. Cunnwgham.

Victoria. Bnflalo Range, Futter's Range, Bendigo, Grampians, F. Mueller ; Wim-
inera, Dallaclnj.

The name is unfortunate as the leaves are not toothed, and itis only occasionally that
the asperities on the upper surface give them a denticulate appearance. Most of the Port
Jackson specimens have rather broad lunceolate leaves, Cunningham's have narrow
and long linear leaves, Brown's are intermediate. The Victorian and a few of the Port
Jackson specimens have the leaves mostly uuder ^in., with few or none of the tubercular
prickles. The species is remarkable for the acuminate bract-like fioral ieaves, and like
P. hirtula forms almost a passage from the racemose to the axillary inflorescences.

Series 2. CoNVEX^. — Leaves small or narrow, sessile or shortly
petiolate, convex or with revolute margins at least when dry (in P.
cttneata and P. spinosa, the marg-ins usually flat but occasionally narrowly
recurved). Flowers axillary, the floral leaves all similar to the stem
ones or rather smaller, and the flowering- branch usually g-rowing- out
beyond the flowers.

13. P. rugosa, A. Cunn. in Benth. Ldb. Gen. et Sp. 456, and in DC.
Prod. xii. 503. A robust divaricately-branched shrub, pubescent or hir-
sute with short rigid hairs. Leaves small, sessile or nearly so, ovate,
crenate, with revolute marg-ins, very rug-ose, from 1| to 4 lines long-, the
floral ones all similar thoug-h sometimes smaller. Flowers small, not
numerous, all axillary, scattered along- the branches or rarely 2 or 3
pairs tog-ether near the ends. Pedicels very short, the bracts very
small. Calyx not exceeding- 2 lines, hispid, the upper lip broad, short,
distinctly or obscurely 3-toothed, the lower lip long-er, usually emar-
g-inate. Corolla not twice as long- as the calyx. Anthers with both
appendag-es adnate, one shortly free at the end but shorter than the
celi, the other still shorter.

N. S. Wales. Mountainous country bordcring on Hunter's River, A. Cunningham ;
Monkey Creek, Woolls.

14. P. marifolia, P. Br. Prod. 509. An undershrub with twig-gy
branches, pubescont or hirsute witli short rigid hairs. Leaves sessile
or very shortly petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, entire, with
revolute margins, scabrous-hispid above but not rug-ose, whitish under-

Prostanthcm.] xciii. labiat^. 99

neath, 2 to 4 lines long-. Flowers all axillary, biit sometimes forming*
interrupted leaty racemes, the lloral leaves all like those of the stem.
Pedicels ver^^ short ; bracts subulate. Calyx more or less hirsute, 2 to
2i hnes long-, the lips broad, nearly equal and usually entire, often
assuming* a blueish tint. Corolla not twice as long- as the calyx, glabrous
or sparing-ly hirsute. Anthers with one appendag-e about half as long
again as the cell, the other short and adnate. — Benth. in DC. Prod.
xii. 502.

N. S. TVales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, A. Cunningham,
Woolls and others.

15. P. rhombea, R. Br. Prod. 509. A shrub or undershrub, with
long- divaricate ahnost terete branches more or less pubescent. Leaves
nearly sessile, orbicular or almost rhomboidal, glabrous or sparingly
cihate, entire, with revolute margins and ahnost bullate, 2 to 3 lines
diameter. Flowers small, in the upper axils, on very short pedicels.
Calyx usually not 2 lines long, shortly pubescent and very glandular,
the lips nearly equal, the upper one very broad, the lower one narrower.
Corolla not twice as long as the calyx, giabrous. Anthers with the
appendages adnate, the longer one very shortly free at the end but
shorter than the cell, the other still shorter. — Benth. in DC. Prod.
xii. 563.

N. S. TVales. Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Woolls ; IUawarra, Shepherd.

16. P. spinosa, F. Muell. in Hook. Eew Journ. viii. 168, in Trans.
Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 48 and Pl. Vict. ii. t. 56. A rigid but slender divari-
cate shrub with hirsute branches and remarkable for the numerous
small branchlets reduced to opposite divaricate spines, about l in. long-,
either leailess or with a pair of small leailets at their base. Leaves
very small, shortly petiolate, ovate, obtuse, entire, complicate and
recurved, the margins usually slightly revolute, rarely above 2 lines
long". Pedicels axillary, 4 to 8 Hnes long, with minute setaceous bracts
above the middle. Calyx more or less hirsute, 2 to 3 Hnes long, the
lips not very broad, entire and nearly equal. CoroUa " lilac," shghtly
hairy outside, not twice as long as the calyx. Anthers with one appen-
dage about twice as long- as the cell, the other short and adnate.

Victoria. About springs and on irrigated rocks in the Grampians, F. 3Itieller,
WiUiehnl; summit of Mount Arapiles (with very hirsute leaves), Dallachy.

S. Australia. Tattiara country, J. E. Woods ; scrub near Wallan's Hut aud
Cygnet Bay, Kangaroo Island, Waterhouse.

17. P. cuneata, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 560. A much branched
spreading shrub of 2 or 3 ft., more or less pubescent or villous with
short crisped hairs. Leaves sessile or nearly so, often crowded on the
short branchlets, obovate-cuneate or almost orbicular, obtuse, entire or
crenate at the end, flat or recurved and complicate, the marg-ins often
slightly revolute, rather thick, glabrous or pubescent, mostly about 2
lines, rarely above 3 hnes long-, the floral ones scarcely smaller.
Flowers all axillary, but sometimes crowded into terminal leafy racemes.

H 2

jOO xciii. LABIAT^. [Prostant/icra.

Pedicels verv short. Bracts linear, ciliate, often as long- as the calyx-
tube Calvx 2 '> to 3 lines lonir' or even long-er when in friut, the tube
l.rominentlV striate, the lips licarly equal, at least as long- as the tube
broad and entire, or the lower oue enuirginate. CoroHa Avhite with
i.urple spots, nearlv g-laljrous, twice as long- as the calyx. Anthers
with onc a]>pond:.<;o' about twice as long- as the cell, the other short and
adnate.— liook. f.^Fl. Tasm. i. 284. t. 90.

Victoria. Pumniit of niany of tlie Australian Alps, Haidinger and Mm.yoDg
ran-es Mount Kosciu^ko and otl.ers, at an elcvation of 4000 to 7000 it, F. Mueller.

T asmania. Sterile gravelly soil on tlie S. Esk river, alundant, Gunn, Archer and
otliers.

18. P. linearis, /.'. Br. Prod. 509. A tall erect shrub, glabrous or
sHghtly j.ubcscent. Leaves nearly sessile, hnear, obtuse, entire, the
ma%ins more or less revolute in drying-, -^ to above 1 in. long-, the upper
lloral ones similar but smaller. Flowers all axillary, but the upper
ones sometimcs forming- terminal interrupted leafy racemes. Pedicels
short. Bracts small, fihform. Calyx g-labrous or sHghtly pubescent,
about 2 hnes long- or longer when in fruit, the Hps not very broad,
nearlv equal, entire, without any or only a very shg-ht trace of the
transverse downv hne of the three following- species. Corolla spriukled
with a few hairs or hairy all over, about twice as long- as the calyx.
8tamens long-er than in nio^t species of this section, aud the anther-
cells more diverg-ent ; the longest aj.i^eudage nearly twice as long- as
the cell, the otlier sLort and adnato. — Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 501.

N. S. Wales. Fort Jackson to tlie Blue Jlountaius, R. Brown, A. Cunningham
and others.

19. P. phylicifolia, F. Miuil. Frafim. i. 19. A robust bushy
shrub sometimes sinall but attaining- often several fr., g-labrous or
hoarv-pubescent with very short soiuewhat crisped hairs. Leaves
sessile or ncarly so, oblong'-Iinear, obtuse, entire, with revohite margins,
usually thicker and broader than in P. Unairis, in some specimens all
under ^ in., in others 4 to | in. long-. Flowers all axinary. Pedicels
shorter than the calyx, with hnear-setaceous bracts close under the
calyx, or at some distance from it. Calyx 2 to 2^ or rarely 3 hnes
long, the tube prominently striate, the hps ovate, the u])per one with a
transverse rather broad cottony Hne inside at the base, the lower one
at lirst nearly equal to, at length much smaller than, the upper one.
Corolla " whitish," glabrous or ver}' sparingly pubescent, nearly twice
as long- as the calyx. Anther-appendages short and adnate or one of
them with a smafl point not cristate and scarcely exceeding- the cell.

Queensland. Giass-houses, F. Mueller, a single specimen in tbe Hookerian her-
Lariui-i.

N. S. 'Wales. New Eugland, C Moore.

Victoria. Mount MTarlane, Mitta-Mitta monntains, rocks at Maneroo, F. Mueller.

20. P. decussata, F. MucU. Frafim. i. 120. A robust shrub of few
feet, with iiiimcrous short leafy branchcs, ].ubescent or hirsute with
crisped or spreading- hairs. Leaves sessile or nearly so, crowded and

Prost(intherf(.\ xciii. labiat^. 101

decussate on tlie smaller-Jbranches but not clustered in the axils, linear,
obtuse, with revohite marp-ins, somewhat coriaceous, scabrous-hirsute
with minute ahnost prickle-hke liairs hke those of P. dcntiG(il((t((,
mostly about \ in. long". Flowers all axihary, on very short pedicels.
Bracts hnear, half as long- as the calyx. Calyx short and broad,
strong-]y ribbed, g'hinduhu'-hirsute, scarcely above 2 hnes long' when in
fruit, the hps nearly orljicuhir and equal, with a transverse downy
curved hne inside at the base of the upper one. Coroha shortly ex-
ceeding- the calyx (perhaps not fully developed), g-labrous or nearly so.
Anther-appendag'es adnate, the long-er one very shortly free at the end,
and not at all or scarcely exceeding' the celL

Victoria. Eocky summits of the M'Alister range and Mount Mueller, F. Mveller.

21. P. empetrifolia, Sich.m Sprcng. Syst. Cur. Post.226. An erect
much branched but rather slender shrub, glabrous or sprinkled with a
few short appressed hairs. Leaves sessile, hnear, acute, entire, with
revohite margins, rarely above h in. long'. Flowers all axillary. Pedi-
cels short, with a pair of hnear bracts close under the calyx. Calyx
about 2 hnes long', the tube prominently striate, the Hps' broad and
about equal, the upper one with a prominent transverse downy Hne
inside at the base, the lower one often emarg'inate. Corolla fully
twice as long' as the calyx. Anthers with the connective prominent at
the back, but without any or only very rudimentary appendag-es.
Upper lobe of the style short. — Chilodia scutcllarioidcs, R. Br. Prod. 507 j
Benth. in DC. Prod. xh. 558 ; Bot. Mag'. t. 3405.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to tbe Blue Mountains, i?. Brown, Sieher, n. 187 atd
many others.

The genus CJdlodia was founded mainly npon the absence of the anther appendages,
the degree of development of which is very differentin different species of Prosta«</iem;
they are quite obsolete also in some species of the section Klanderia, and scarcely dis-
tinguishable in some other Prosfaiitherce, where they are completely adnate to the back
cell. Tbe second character, tlie transverse rib inside the calyx, appears to be no more .
thau the transverse pubescent zone of tbe two preceding species, rather narrower and
more raised in this one, but quite disconnected with the venation of the calyx.

Series 3. SuBCONCAv.E. — Leaves (small or narrow) sessile or very
shortly petiohite, concave or with incurved marg'ins or tiat, the marg-ins
never recurved. Flowers all axillary, the lloral leaves similar to the
stem-ones. Anthers with one appendage about twice as long- as the
celL

The species of this group in most cases appear to pasa into each other so as to make
it very difficult to draw any definite Hnes between them when the specimens are
numerons.

22. P. lithospermoides, F. Muell. Frac]in. vi. 107. A shrub of
6 to 8 ft., hoary with appressed hairs, the young' shoots sdky. Leaves
ver}^ shortly petiohite or nearly sessile, oblong-hinceohite or ahuost
hnear, oljtuse or acute, entire, flat or concave, the margins not recurved,
the hirger ones 1 to 2 in. long, the lloral ones smaller but simihir.
Flowers axillary, on very short i^edicels. Bracts nearly as long' as the

102 XCIII. LAUIAT.T. [Prostiinthcrit.

calyx. Calyx silky-pubescent, about 2^ lines long-, tlie lips nearly
ecpial, entire or sinuate-toothed. Corolla white {F. Mmller) or bhie
(0\S/ia/irsi/), softly pubescent, not twice as long as the calyx. Anthers
with one appendag-e about twice as long- as the cell, the other short and
adnate.

Queensland. Table Mount, Rockhampton, 0'Shanesy ; Armadilla, Barton.

23. P. Behriana, ScMccht. iii Linnmi, xx. GIO. A shrub of 5 or G ft.
with erect l)ranclies, hoary or white with short closely appressed hairs.
Leaves sessile, linear or oblong", mostly obtuse, entire, thick, tiat or
concave, the margins never recurved, often above 1 in. long* when
narrow, much shorter when broad, or in some specimens the narrow
ones also under \ in. Flowers axillary, sessile or very shortly pedicel-
late, the linear bracts very deciduous. Calyx pubescent or villous, about
4 lines long-, the tube sulcate-striate, the upper lip erect, entire, a])out
as long" as the tube, the lower lip scarcely half so long', entire or notched.
Corolla " white," villous outside, twice as long- as the calyx. Anthers
with one appendage about twice as long* as the cell, the other sliort and
adnate. — Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 700.

S. Australia. Eocky valley of the Tonunda, Behr. ; Murray river, F. MueUer ;
near Adelaide, BlandowsM.

24. P. Baxteri, A. Cunn. in Benth. Ldb. 452, md in DC. Prod. xii.
661. An erect heath-like shrub of 1 to 3 or 4 ft., the branches white
with a close appressed toinentum. Leaves sessile, linear-terete, obtuse,
entire, with involute margins, slender and mostly about h in. long- in the
t}q)ical form, or rarely nearly | in., quite g-labrous. Flowers all axillary,
on very short pedicels, with setaceous bracts. Cah'x when in flower
2 to 2i lines long-, often 4 lines when in fruit, more or less hoary
or wliite with a])pressed hairs or rarely g-labrous, the tube striate, the
upper lip larg-e and often shortly and obtusely acuminate, the lower one
much smaller, Corolla pubescent, not twice as long- as the calyx.
Anthers witli one appendage nearly twice as long- as the cell, the otlier
short and adnate.

W. Australia. King George's Sound or to tlie eastward, Ba.rter ; Thomas rivcr,
Marirell.

Var. cra.9sifolia. Leavcs under ^ in. long, thicker and broader tlian in the type. —
Phillips river aud Eyres Range, Maxwell.

25. P. canaliculata, F. Miicll. Frapm. vi. 105. An erect heath-
like slirul) of 1 to 2 ft., tlie branches hoary with minute appressed hairs
or nearly glabruus. Leaves sessile or nearly so, linear-terete, obtuse,
entire, with involute margins, under \ in. and often scarcely \ in. long-.
Flowers all axillary, on short pedicels, the bracts apparently wanting-.
Calyx about two lines long-, prominently striate, glabrous, the lips
shortcr than the tube and nearly equal. Corolla about twice as long- as
the calyx, more or less hairy or nearly g-labrous. Anthers with one
appendag-e about twice as long- as the cell, the other short and adnate.

W. Australia. Kalgan river, Oldjield, F. Mueller ; towards Cape Eiche, Brum-
mond, Ath coll. n. 166, bth coU. n. 343 ; Fitzgerald river, 3IaxweU.

Prostanthera.] xciii. labiat.e. 108

The species is near P. Baxteri, but readily distinguished by the calyx, very near also
to the eastern P. saxicola, but the leaves much narrower.

Var. ? canoserirea. Leaves small, rather flatter, and sometimes distinctly petiolato,
silvery-white ou both sides, wilh the same tomentum as the branches. — Drummond, Uh
coU. n. 164.

26. P. nivea, A. Cnnn. in Bcnth. Lal). Gen. et Sp. 452, afid in DC.
Prod. xii. 501. A beautiful slirub of 3 to 6 ft., jilabrous except tbe
corolla or sprinkled witb a few appressed bairs, especially on tbe joung'
sboots, and usually of a pale g-reen. Leaves sessile, Unear-terete witli
incurved or involute raargins, or flat wben fresb, acute or obtuse, ratber
slender, mostly | to 1 in. long, tbe upper floral ones smaller. Flowers
ratber hirg-e, of a snow wbite or tinged witb pale bhie, all axinary, tbe
upper ones forming interrupted leaty racemes. Pedicels mucb sborter
than tbe calyx, with short setaceous bracts. Calyx 2^ to 3 hnes long-
wben in flower and not mucb enlarged afterwards, shgbtly pubescent,
the tube prominently ribbed, tbe hps hroad and cihate, tbe upper one
mucb larger tban tbe lower. Corona puhescent or viHous, twice as
long as tbe calyx. Anthers with one appendage about twice as long as
the ceh, tbe otlier short and adnate. — Bot. Mag-. t. 5658.

N. S. Wales. Barren rocky hills on the Lachlan river, A. Cunnivgham ; Castle-
reagh river, C. Moore ; New England, C. Stuart.

Victoria. Mountains of Bacchus Marsh, Mount Korong, Mount Hope, Station
Peak, &c., F. Mueller.

Var. induta. Branches and foliage hoary or white with appressed haiis, tlie young
shoots silky. Flowers rather larger. — Castlereagh river, C. Moore.

27. P. striatiflora, F. Muell. i/i Linnaa, xxv. 425. A rigid mucb
hrancbed shruh, sometimes quite low, sometimes attaining 5 or 6 ft.,
glabrous or tbe young shoots hoary or silky with short appressed hairs,
tlie smaller branches sometimes almost spinescent. Leaves sessile or
nearly so, oblong-lanceolate or hnear, mostly obtuse, entire, flat or with
incurved margins, rather tbick, usuaUy under ^ in. long, but wben
narrow often | in., the floral ones gradually smaher, the upper ones
sborter than tbe calyx. Flowers ah axillary, but the upper ones
crowded into terminal leafy racemes or spikes. Pedicels very sbort.
Calyx-tuhe not 2 hnes long, prominently striate, the upper hp ovate,
obtuse, often | in. long when in fruit, tbe lower hp not half so large.
CoroUa nearly twice as long as tbe calyx, glabrous or sprinkled witb a
few bairs, wbite streaked witb red and tinged witb yellow at tbe hase
of the broad middle lobe of tbe lower hp. Antbers witb one appendage
ahout twice as long as the ceU, the otber short and adnate.

Queensland. Newcastle range, Sutlierland.

Itf. S. Wales. From the Lachlau and Uarling to the Barrier Range, Victorian
and other Expeditions.

S. Australia. Cudnaka, Arkaba, and Lake Torrens, F. Mueller ; towards Cooper's
Creek, Wheder ; Lake Gilhes, Burkitt (a short-leaved form, and another with narrow
white or hoary leaves), Mount Morphett, M'Douall StuarVs Expedition.

The species is very neariy alh"ed to P. nivea, and sometimes diflicult to distinguish
from it. In general it has shorter broader leaves, a more dense inflorescence, tlie upper
lobe of the calyx longer and not so broad, and the corolla more glabrous.

104 xciii. I.ABIAT^. [ProstaHth-rit.

Var. ? serioa. The wliole plaiit wliite with soft silky liairs. Leaves rather short
aiid broail. — Gawler ranges, S. Aiistralia, Mrs. SvlUvan ; a small Cragnient in Herb. F.
Miieiler, undcr the name of P. /Sullivanice, but qnite insufficient to judge whether itbe
any more than a variety of F. striatiflora, corresponding with the white silky varicties
of "P. canaliculata anJ others of this series.

28. P. saxicola, R. Br. Prod. 609. A slender slirub or underslirub,
sometimes liaving- tlie appearance of a rijzid annual ; the stems much
branched at the base and ascending- to from 6 in. to 1 ft. in the typical
forin, more erect and attaining- 2 ft. in others, hoary with minute
appressetl hairs or nearly g-labrous. Leaves very shortly petiohite or
nearly sessile, oblong- or linear-oblong-, obtuse, entire, flat, rather thick,
2 to 4 hnes long- in the typical form, the young- ones sprinkled with
appressed hairs, the okler ones usuully g-labrous. Flowers sniall, in
few pairs in the upper axils. Pedicels short, with setaceous bracts.
Calyx about 2 hnes long-, more or less hispid with spreading- hairs espe-
cially in the small typical specimens, the hps nearly equaL Corolla
nearly twice as long* as the calyx, ghibrous or shg-htly pubescent.
Anthers with one appendag-e about twice as long- as the cell, the other
short and adnate.

N. S. TVales. George's river, R. Brown (tlie specimens all under 1 ft. and the
calyx vcry lii>pid).

Var. major. Taller, more shrubby, leaves longer and narrower, calyx less hispid arid
Bometinies almost ghibrons. — P. sa.vicola, A. Cunn. ; Beuth. in DC. Prod. xii. 562 ; P.
pimeleoides, F. IMuell. Fragm. vi. 107. — Rocky ranges near Bathurst, ^. Cunningham ;
New England, C. Stuart.

29. P. odoratissima, Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Aiistr. 291, and in DC.
Prod. xii. 700. A small erect bushy shrub or undershrub, more or less
pubescent with g-landular liairs, the branches and foHag'e apparently
viscid and very strong-ly scented. Leaves sessile and often clustered
in tlie axils, hnear or almost hinceohite, obtuse, entire, thick, flat or
concave, the marg-ins never recurved, mostly about \ in. long. Flowers
axilhiry, on short pedicels, the bracts hnear, obtuse, thick and often.as
long- as the calyx. Calyx 2| hnes or at length 3 hnes hmg-, rather
narrow, prominently striate, the lips ovate, the upper one considerably
longer than the lower. Corolla not seen perfectly open, gdabrous out-
side when in bud. Anthers with one appendag-e about twice as long- as
the cell, the other short and adnate.

Queensland. Mantuan Downs, Mitchell.

80. P. euphrasioides, Bentk. in Mitch. Trop. Amtr. 360, and in DC.
Prod. xii. 7U0. A small bushy shrub, villous with white spreading-
liairs intermixed with glanduh^r ones and often viscid. Leaves on very
sliori i^etioles or almost sessile, often chistered in the axihs, hnear-
oblong-, ohtuse, with 2 or 3 prominent obtuse teeth on each side or
almost i)inn:itifid, mostly about 3 hnes long-, ratlier tliick, flat, the
marg-ius never recurved.' Flowers all axilhirv, rather hirg-e. Pedicels
short but slender. Bracts hnear, obtuse, rathcr h)ng-. Calvx pubes-
cent or Lirsute, about 3 hnes or at length sometimes 4 lineslong-, the

ProstaiithcrdA^ XCIII. LABIMME. 105

lips entiro, broad, tlie iipper one nsually larg-er than tlie lower. Corolla
more than twice as lony* as the calyx, nearly fi-labrous outside, hairy
inside. Anthers with one appendag-e about twice as long" as the cell,
the other short and adnate.

Queensland. Oii the Maranoa, Mitchell ; Hodgson's Creek and Dogwood Creek,
Leiclihardt ; Cape river and Broad yound, Bowman.

31. P. cr^rptandroides, A. Citnn. in Benth. Lnb. Gcn. ct Sp. 453, and
in DC. Prod. xii. 501. A heath-like shrub, with slendei* virg-ate
branches, gdabrous or slig-htly glandular-pubescent and viscid. Leaves
sessile or verv shortly petiolate and sometimes clustered in the axils,
linear or hnear-lanceolate, obtuse, entire or with 2 or 3 short obtuse
teeth on each side, flat or concave, the margins not recurved, 2 to 3
lines long-. Flowers all axiUary, on very short pedicels. Bracts close
under the calyx, linear-lanceohite and almost as long" as the calyx.
Calyx about 2 lines long-, slig-htly hairy, prominently ribbed but rather
thin, the lips ovate, obtuse, nearly equal. Corolla glabrous outside,
not twice as long" as the calyx. Anthers with one appendag-e about
twice as long- as the cell, the other short and adnate.

N. S. Wales. Sandstone Hills, N.W. branch of Hunter's rivcr, A. Cunningliam.
Nearly allied to P. ett-phrasioides, althougli the slender steius, small leaves, &c., give it
a very different aspect.

32. P. eurybioides, F. 3Iitcll. in Hook. Kew Jotirn. viii. 1G8, and in
Trtins. Phil. Suc. Vict. i. 48. A shrub with slig-htly hoary-pubescent
branches. Leaves small, sessile, often clustered in the axils, from
ovate to oblong-linear, obtuse, entire, thick, concave, usually g-labrous,
1 to 2 lines long-, the Horal ones similar or passing- into broader
bracts. Flowers axillary, but usually 3 or 4 pairs crowded at the ends
of the branches so as to form short leafy racemes, the iloral leaves
shorter than the calyx. Pedicels short; bracts short and obtuse.
Calyx nearly 3 lines long-, coloured, glabrous or nearly so, prominently
ribbed, the lips nearly equal, the lower one sometimes retuse. Corolla
glabrous, more than twice as long* as the calyx. Anthers with one
appendag-e about twice as long- as the cell, the other short and adnate.

S. Australia. Mallee scrub, near Mount Barker, F. Mueller.

The specimens are few and sniall, and the habit may be different when more fidlj
developed. The afSnities of the species appear, however, to be lather with the present
series than with the Eacemosce.

Sect. 2. Klanderia. — Calyx with the tube less prominently
striate than in Euprostunthcra, tlie lips nearly equal, and usually equally
open after flowering-. Corolla-tube narrow at the base, usually incurved
and dilated upwards, the upper lip erect concave or arched, the lower
lip shorter or at any rate not long-er and spreading-. Anther-appen-
dag-es very sliort and adnate or quite obsolete, or rarely one very
delicate one about as long* as the cell.

The shape of the corolla is so different from that which is so nearly uniform in Eu-
prostanthera, that tbis section might well be considered as a distinct genus, were it not

100 XCIII. LABIATiE. [PfostdlltlKTd.

tliat in other respects some species come so near to different typical species of Prostan-
thera, as to prevcnt tlieir having any distingiiishing habit. As a sectional name I
have prefcrrcd F. Mueller's geneVic name Klanderia, to that of Cryplda previously
established by Brown, tlie latter being derived from a character probably abnormal in
the particular flower examined.

33. P. ringens, Bmth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 303, and in DC. Prod.
xii. 700. A iimeli branched slirul), o-labrous or the branches slig-litly
pubescent. Lcaves on rather long- petioles, broadly ovate or orbicular,
obtuse, entire, rather thick, flat, under h in. diameter. Flowers all
axiUary, on very short pedicels. Calyx glabrous, herbaceous, scarcely
striate, fully 3 lines long-, the lips broad, equal, entire, not half so long
as the tube. Corolla-tube shortly exserted, the upper lip concave, 2-
lobed, long-er tlian the lower one. Stamens nearly as long- as the
corolla ; anthers without any prominent appendag"es to the connective.

Queensland. On fhe Maranoa, Mitchell. The leaves resemble those of the larger
varietics of P. rotundifolia, but are larger and entire, the flowers are totally different.

34. P, Leichhardtii, Benth. A bushy shrub, the branches slig-htly
pubescent, the fohag-e g-labrous or nearly so. Leaves distinctly petio-
late, oblong- or obovate-oblong', obtuse, entire, rather thick, flat, rarely
exceeding- ^ in. Flowers apparently all axillary, on very short pedicels,
without bracts on tlie specimens seen. Calyx about 3 lines long- when
in flower, somewliat enlarg-ed afterwards, the tube broad, scarcely
striate, the lips equal, entire, scarcely half as long- as the tube. Corolha
slightly hairy outside, the tube shortly exceeding- the calyx and scarcely
dilated, the upper Hp 4 to 5 lines long-, concave, emarginate, the lobes
of the lower hp much shorter, all fringed with rather long' liairs. Sta-
mens nearly as long- as the upper lip of the corolla ; anthers without
any prominent appendag-es to the connective.

Queensland. Eottletrce Creek, Leichhardt. F. Mueller (Fragm. \a. 106) includes
this iii P. ovaUfoIia of which it has nearly the foliage, but the flowers are totally different.
It is very nearto P.ringens, but with differently shaped leaves, and perhaps tho coroUas
niay not be quite the same. The two will require furthercomparison on better specimens.

3o. P. microphylla, A. Cunn. in Bcnth. Lal). Gcn. ctSp. 454 and in DC.
Prod. xii. bC)'^. A h>w bushy or scrubby shrub rarely above 1 ft. hig'h,
more or less scabrous-pubescent. Leaves very sliortly petiolate, oblong*
or rarely oval-oblong, obtuse, thick, recurved"^ from tlie base to the end,
but without recurved or revolute margins, often all under 1 line long*
and very rarely exceeding- 2 lines. Pedicels axillary, much shorter
than the calyx and often not above | line long-. Bracts small, close
under the calyx. Calyx obscurely striate, pubescent or nearly glabrous,
usually about 3 hnes or rarely 4 lines long-, the lips much siiorter than
the tube, equal and obtuse. ' Corolla scarlet, slightly pubescent, fully
twice as long- as the calyx, the tube exserted and slig-htly incurved,
enlarg-ed uj)wards, the upper Hj) erect, concave, emarginate, the lower
lip mucli shorter. Stamens exserted but shorter than the upper lip ;
anthers with one appendage aljout as long as or shortly exceeding- the
ccll, but very delicate and easily overlooked. — Benth. in DC. Prod. xii.

ProstantJiem.] xriii. labiat.i:. lOT

562 ; P. coccinen, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 1G8, and in Trans.
Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 48.

N. S. '^Vales. Euryalean scrub, S.AV. of Lachlan river, A. Cunningham.

Victoria. Dry arid places, Avoca and Murray Desert, F. Mueller ; Lakc Waringra,
DaJlarliii.

S. Australia. Tumby Bay, Wilhelmi ; Venns Bay, Warhurton.

W. Australia. Towards Cape Riche, Drummond, 5th coll. n. 341 ; Phillips,
Oldfield and Salt rivers, Eyre's Range, E. Mount Barren, &c., Ma.vivell.

Cryphia serpi/llifolia, R. Br. Prod. 508, Benth, in DC. Prod. xii. 558, from Memory
Cove, appear.s to nie from the inspection of the original specimens to be identical with
this pUvnt. BrowTi, it is true, describes the corolla as shorter than calyx and concealed
within it and derives from that circumstance his generic name. But he probably had
only an imperfectly developed flower to examine. His specimens now show only
calyxes past flower, and a few very young buds. C. microphylla, R. Br. I.c, from the
same locality is evidently, as suggested by Brown, a minute-Ieaved variety of the same
plant. The specimens have no flowers.

'3G. P. aspalathoides, A. Ci/nn. m Benth. LaT). Gen. et Sp. 453 aJid in
DC. Prod. xii. i)Q'2. A low rigid bushy shruh, slig-htly scahrous-pubes-
cent and soraetimes perhaps viscid. Leaves hnear-terete, very ohtuse,
channelled above, rather thick, contracted into a very short petiole,
crowded on the smaller hranchlets, rarely above 3 lines long-. Pedicels
axillary, usually very short and always much shorter than the calyx,
the hracts close under the calyx. Calyx more or less pubescent, 4 or
rarely 5 Hnes long-^ somewhat striate at the base, the hps obtuse or
shortly acuminate, nearly equal and much shorter than the tube.
Corolla tAvice as long- as the calyx, shg-htly pubescent or nearly g-hibrous,
the tube exserted, much enlarg-ed upwards and incurved, the lips
short, the upper one erect, emarg-inate and very broad, the lower one
short, with 3 ovate lobes. Stamens exserted but not exceeding- the
upper lip ; anthers without any appendag-e to the connective which is
only sHg-htly fi-ing-ed.

N, S. TVales. Barren wastes S. W. of the Lachlan river, A. Cunningham, Fraser,
Mitchell.

Victoria, Jlurray Desert, F. Mueller ; Wimmera, Dallaehy.
S, Australia. Sandy scrub, Kangaroo island, Waterhouse.

F. Mueller unites this and the two following species with P. microphylla under the
name of P. coccinea, but the very marked diflerences in the foiiage as well as in the
shape of the corolla appear to me to be constant in all the specimens seen.

37. P. calycina, F. Mucll. A rig-id bushy shrub, more or less
hoary-pubescent with short rigid hairs. Leaves very shortly petiolate,
ovate or ovate-oblong-, obtuse, entire, with recurved margnns but the
whole leaf rather incurved than recurved, contracted at the base, rarely
under 2 lines and sometimes 4 lines long. Flowers axilhiry, nearly
sessile or on pedicels not exceeding* 1 line, the bracts short, linear, close
under the calyx. Calyx 5 to 7 lines long-, not striate, hut with a pro-
minent rib on each side decurrent from the junction of the lips, which
are broad, obtuse, nearly equal and much shorter than the tube.
Corolla slig'htly pubescent outside, with a broad straight tube slightly
enlarg-ed upwards and not exceeding- the calyx, tlie lips very short, tlie

lOS xciii. LABIAT.T-:. [Prostuntheru.

uijper one crect aud broad, tlie lower one broadly 3-lobed, and ratber
shorter than the uj^per one, the whole corolla not exceeding- the calyx
by more than a quarter of its leng-th. Anthers without any or only
with an exceeding-ly short appendag-e to the connective, but one celi
tip])ed witli a niinute point.

S. Australia, roit Lincoln, Wilhelmi ; Venus Bay, Warhurton.

Tliis species lias fhe leaves nearly oF P. chlorantha, but largcr, and the large nearly
sessile calyx and the coroUa are very different from those of that species. The speci-
mens seen are but vcry t'c\v.

38. P. chlorantha, F. Mudl. Herl). A rig-id divaricate shrub, with
nunierous small sometimes almost leafless branches, more or less
sprinkled or scabrous with short crisped or almost steHate hairs,
Leaves very small and shortly petiolate or almost sessile, broadly ovate
or rliomboidal, obtuse, with revolute margins, all under 2 lines and
mostly not 1 line long-. Pedicels axillary, slender, 3 to 5 lines long-,
witli a pair of bracts near the calyx or at a little distance below. Calyx
pubescent, often reddish when dry, about 5 lines long-, the lips nearly
equal, inore or less acuminate, rather shorter than the tube. Corolla
*' g-reen," about twice as long- as the calyx, slig-btly pubescent, the tube
exserted, incurved, g-radually enlarg-ed, the limb very oblique, the
upper lip erect concave emarg-inate, the lower one rather shorter, tlie
lateral lobes ovate, the middle one broader. Anthers shortly exserted
from the tube, without any appendage to the connective. — Klandcria
chlorantha, F. Muell. in Linna?a, xxv. 426.

S. Australia. Mount Barker QvQ(i\, L. Fischer ; Encounter Bay, Whittaher ;
Cygnet Bay, Kaugaroo island, Waterhome.

P. Caleyi, Bcnth. Lab. Geu. et Sp. 454, and in DC. Prod. xu. 562, from N. S. Wales,
which, owing to the dispersion of tho Lambertian herbarium, I am unable now to
re-examinc, nmst be very near P. chlorantha, with the same foliage and long pedicels ;
but, if the character I gave proves correct, it differs in the shorter corolla, and the
presence of a short appendage to the connective. The form of the corolla having
however not been specially dcscribed, I am unwilling formally to admit the species
witliout further confirmation.

16. HEMIANDRA, R. Br.

Calyx 2-Iipped or 5-toothed. Corolla with a broad campanulate
tliroat, the upper lip short, erect, broadly 2-lobed, the lower long-er,
spreading-, 3-Iobed, the middle lobe often 2-Iobed. Stamens 4, in pairs ;
anthers 1-celled, the connective elong-ated and produced beyond its
insertion on the filament in a sinall tooth-Iike or shortly linear appen-
dag"e. Style shortly bifid at the end. Nuts reticulate-rug-ose, attached
to above the middle. Seeds albuminous. — Shrubs or underslirubs,
usually ditfuse but rig-id. Leaves opposite, entire, narrow, rig-id,
pung-ent-pointed. Flowers axillary, solitary, with a pair pf bracts
under the calyx.

The geuus is limited to Wcst Australia. It only differs from Hemiijenia in the
pimgeut-poiuted lcaves and the shortncss of the posterior end of the connectivum of

JIe7niandra.] xciii. i,AniAT7i:. 109

the anthers, and migbt be conRidered as a section of that genus were there any advan-
tage in doing so compensating for the inconvenience of the change in nomenclature.

Calyx 2-lippcd, the npper lip entire or with small lateral lohes, the
lower 2-lobcd.

Calyx-lobes verv acute or pungent-pointed 1 . ff. pungevs.

Caljx-lobes, at least the lower ones, very obtuse 2. IT. leiantlia.

Calyx with 5 rigid subulate nearly equal teeth Z. H. incana.

1. H. pungens, B. Br. Prod. 502. A diffuse or spreadino- (rarely
erect .'*) rigid shnib, sometimes qiiite dwarf, sometimes ascending' to 1
or 2 t"t., qiiite g'labrous or tlie branches only or also the leaves and
calyxes hispid with rigid spreading- hairs, often intermixed on the
branches with a minute ptdjescence. Leaves sessile, hnear or hnear-
lanceolate, rigid, acute with pung-ent points, flat or concave, with 1 to
5 parallel nerves very prominent underneath. Pedicels shorter than
the leaves and sometimes very short, the bracts hnear or lanceolate,
rig-id and pungent-pointed, close under the calyx. Flowers very
variable in size, ^vhite or pink with darker spots. Calyx 2-Hpped, the
middle lobe of the upper lip broad, tapering- into a pungent point, the
lateral ones small and rounded or quite obsolete, the lower hp smaller,
with 2 acute usually pung-ent-pointed lobes. Corolla-tube exserted
and dilated into a broad throat, lobes of the lower Hp usually all emar-
ginate or crenate, the middle one much larg-er and 2-lobed, rolled over
the anthers in the bud. Connective of the anthers forming- usually a
very small tooth below its insertion on the filament. Disk cup-shaped
and thick, enclosing- the base of the ovary. Style shortly and equally
2-lobed. Nuts attached by their inner face to above the middle. —
Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. OC-l ; Lemaire, Jard. Fleur. t. 126.

"W. Australia. Very abundant from King George'8 Sound, B Brown and many
otbers, to Swan river, Drummond, Preiss, Oklfield, and others, and everywbere very
variable as to tbe size of the ilowers and tbe hairs. The foUowing are tbe most marked
forms : —

a. grandijiora. Glabrous or hispid. Leaves usually narrow, 1 to l^ in. long. Calyx
about 4 in., corolla 1| to l^ in. long. — II. linearis, Bentb. in Hueg. Enum. 79, and in
DC. Prod. i. 564; H. lovgifolia, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 356. — Chiefly from Swan river,
Drummond, Ist coll. also n. 10, 139, 449; Preiss, n. 2305, 2317.

b. glahra. Glabrous or scarcely bispid. Leaves spreading, broad and Jibout ^ in.
long, or narrow, more erect, and longer. Calyx about \ in. long, with tbe lobes of tbe
lowcr b'p sborter, acute but not pungent, and mucb inflexed after flowering. Corolla
nearly % in. long. — H. glahra. Benth. in Hueg. Enum. 79; Bartl. in Pl. Prei.ss. i. 356;
H. juniperina, Bartl. in PL Preiss. i. 355. — Cbiefly Swan river, Drummond, \st coll.
n. 450, 2nd coll. n. 144, 145, 3rd coll. n. 191, 192, Preiss, n. 2307, 2308.

c. diffusa. Usually dwarf decunibent and bispid. Leaves spreading, linear-lanceo-
late, mostly about J in. long. Calyx 5 in. ; corolla a little more tban 5 in. long. — H.
hrevifolia and H. hirsuta, Benth. ia Hueg. Enum. 79, and in DC. Prod. xii. 564; Bartl.
in Pl. Preiss. i. 355. — The commonest form about King George's Sound, especially on
the sandy sbores, B. Broum, Baxter, A. Cunningham, &c.

d. hispida. The same as the var. c, but more erect and more hispid, the upper lip
of tbe calyx after flowering ratber more enlarged. — H. rupestris, Hueg. Bot. Arch. t. 4;
Benth. in"Hueg. P^num. 78, and in DC. Prod. xii. 564; Bartl in Pl. Preiss. i. 354; H.
emarginata, Lindl. Bot. Keg. 1841, Misc. 72 (from the character given) — Rocky hills,
cbiefly about King George's Sound, Huegel and others, Drummond, n. 12, 183, 193,
448.

■^IQ xciii. LABIAT^. [Heviiatidra.

e. mcana. Pubescence short and more or less hoarj', giving the plant the aspect of
H incana, but with the calyx of H. pungens. Corclla sniall, minutely pube.scent. —
Drummond, 3rd coll. n. 171, and some specimens of ist coll. n. 450, Preiss, n. 2306.

It is possible that the observation of flowers in the recent state may supply characters
to distinguish amongst the above at ieast two more defiuite varieties or species, but in
the great majority of dried specimens the corollas are too much injured to ascertain
their precise foriu and size.

L\ H. leiantha, Bcnth. An erect bushy rig-id shrub of 1 to 4 ft.,
our speciniens all entirely g-labrous. Leaves of the g-labrous varieties
of //. pungens and varying- like them from lanceolate to linear, recurved
or nearly straight, | in. to above 1 in. long-, pung-ent-pointed, rig-id,
3- to 5-nerved, smooth and shining". Flowers sessile or shortly pedi-
cellate, usually about | in. long-. Calyx with the upper lip broad,
obtuse or scarcely acute in the centre and not pung-ent-pointed, the
lower lip smaller 2-lobed, the lobes always very obtuse. Corolla of
H. piinf/ens, but quite g-labrous. Anthers slender, the lower end of the
connective much more prominent than in any of the flowers examined
of //. piinffcns, although less so than in //. incana.

IV. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield (several forms differing chiefly in
the lent'-tli aiid breadth of the leaves), Drummond, (a single specimen in herb. F.
Muell.)

^, H. incana, Bartl. in Pl. Prciss. i. 357. A shrub probably low
iuul l)ushv, much branched, hoary-pubescent or shortly hispid. Leaves
rather crowded, linear or linear-lanceolate, rigid, puno-ent-pointed,
mostlv 5-nerved, | to 1 in. long-. Pedicels very short. Calyx 3 to 4
lines long-, narrower than in H. punffcns, rig-id, striate, with 5 rigid
puno-ent Hnear-subulate teeth, as long; as the calyx, and nearly ecjual or
more or less arranged in 2 lips. Corolla like that of //. jnntffcns or
perhaps with the lower lip not so long-, but not seen very perfect.
Connective produced below its insertion on the filament into a tooth
usually longer than in the two preceding- species, but perhaps variable.
— Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 565.

^V. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, n. Ib; Preiss, 7i. 2316. Kesembles at
first sight the var. incana of H. pungens, but the calyx is very difierent.

All the above species and varieties of Hemiandra require further illustration from
the exaniination of fresh flowers, for in dried specimens the rigidity of the foliage has
interfered very much with the proper desiccation of the coroUas, which are usually
withercd up or destroyed.

17. HEMIGENIA, R. Br.

(Colobandra, Bartl. Atelandra, lAndl.)

Calyx 2-lipped or 5-toothed. Corolla with a dilated throat; the
upper lip erect, more or less concave, emarginate or 2-lobed, the lower
lip long-er, spreading-, 3-lobed, the middle lobe usually larg-er and often
2-lobea. Stamens 4, in pairs, anthers 1-celled, the connective elong-ated,
produced beyond the insertion into an appendag-e or sterile branch,
which in the upper pair is usually short dilated and bearded or crested

Heviigenia.] xciii. LABiATiE. 111

at the end witli short hairs, in the lower pair or rarely in both ])airs
g-labrous and attenuate or bearing- an imperfect cell at the end. Style
shortly bifid at the end. Nuts reticulate-rugose, attached to the middle
or hig-her up. Seeds albuminous. — Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves
opposite or in whorls of 3, entire, obtuse or rarely acute and never
pung-ent-pointed. Flowers all axillary, solitary or rarely chistered, with
a pair of bracts under the ealyx. Corolla hairy inside at the insertion
of the stamens and usually at the base of the lower Hp.

The genus is limited to Australia, and, witb the exceijtion of two species, to West
Australia.

Sect. I. Homalochilus, — Calyx 2-Upped, the Ujjs broad, tlie npjyer one entire or
hroadly and sliortly 3-lobed, tlie lower one entire or shortly 2-lvbed and closed over the
orifice of the tube, as in Prostanthera. Lower end of the connective of tke lower
anthers attemiate or sUghtly clavate.

Leaves opposite.
Leaves obovate or oblong-cuneate. Pedicels very short.

Flowers l^ in. long, the corolla twice as long as the calyx . i. B. macrantha.
Leaves narrow. Pedicels as long as the calyx. Corolla not

much exceeding the calyx 2. H. rigida.

Leaves in whorls of 3. Flowers small.

Pedicels slender, longer than the calyx i. H. ramosissima.

Pedicels very short A. H. microphylla.

Sect. IL Atelandra.— Ca??/x 2-Upped, the upper Up 3-lobed, the lower cleeply 2-lobed,
all the lobes acuminate (in the last two species the bilabiation less distinct). Loiver end
oftke connective ofthe loiver anthers attenuate. Leaves obtuse, coutracted into a short
p)etiole.

Plant softly boary or silky-villous.

Leaves mostly oblong and above 1 in. long on the main stems,

shorter and more obovate on the branches 5. H. incana.

Leaves mostly obovate and rarely exceeding 4 in 6. H canescens.

Plant closely hoary or silvery. Leaves mostly obovate or orbicu-

lar, rarely exceeding i in 7. Hpodalyrina.

Plant minutely glandular-pubescent, not hoary. Leaves mostly

obovate or oval-oblong, ^ to 1 in g. H platyphylla.

Plant glabrous or minutely hoary-pubescent. Calyx irregularly
2-lipped.

Leaves oblong or obovate-oblong 9. H. glabrescens.

Leaves narrovv-oblong or linear-cuneate 10. H obtiisa.

Sect. in. Hemi^euia. — Calyx-teeth 5, nearly equal, subulate-acuminate or acute.
Lower end of tke connective of the lower anthers attenuate. Leaves sessile {except in
H. humilis).

Branches silky-villous or wooUy. Flowers on the main branches
clustered in the axils, rarely solitary on the smaller branch-
lets.
Leaves flat or concave, erect or spreading.

Leaves b'near-lanceolate, cuneate or narrow-oblong, usually

lin. orlonger U. H sericea.

Leaves broadly oblong, mostly about \\n 12. H. barbata.

Leaves complicate and recurved, oblong or ovate-lanceolate,

mostly about 4 in. long _ 13. H curvifoUa.

Glabrous hoary-pubescent or hirsute. Flowers all solitary.
Leaves mostly opposite. Western species.
Leaves oblong-cuneate, scabrous-pubescent or hirsute . . 14. H. scabra.

]lo xciii. LABiAT^. [Hemigenia.

Leaves linear-oblong or cuneate. Plant hoarj'-puLescent . 15. H. humilis.
Leavcs very narrow-linear or terete.

Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long. Calyx-teeth shorter than the

tube \6. ff. westrivgioides.

Petlicels not 1 line long. Calyx-teeth longer than the tube 17. H. teretluscula.
Leavcs in whorls of 3 or 4. Eastern species.

Lcavfs narrow-linear or terete 18. H. purpurea.

Lcavcs oblong-cuneate Id. H. cuneifolia.

Sect. IV. Diplanthera. — Cali/x-teeth 5, nearh/ equal, subulate-acuminate or acute.
Lower end ofthe conntctlve of the lower antiiers bearing an imperfed, cell at the end.
Leaves sessile, opposite.

Leaves oblong or oblong-cuneate, \ to nearly 4 in- long. Plant

glabrous or ininutcly pubescent 20. H. Drummondii.

Leaves oblong, 2 to 3 lines long. Plant hirsute. Flowers very

sniall 21. H. pimelifolia.

Lcaves linear, \io h. ^^- '^"g- Plant glabrous 22. H. diplanthera.

Sect. 1, HoMALOCHiLUS. — Calyx 2-lipped, the lips broad, the
iippor one entire or broadly and shortly 3-lobed, the lower one entire
or shortly 2-lobed and closed over the orifice of the tube as in Pros-
tanthcra. Lower end of the connective of the lower anthers attenuate
or slig-htly chivate.

The species of this seclion differ considerably from each other in habit, but yet are
not closely connected with any of those of other sections, and are all remarkable for their
Prostanthcra-likc calyx.

1. H. macrantha, F. Mucll. Frafjm. i. 210. A shrub with erect
virii;ate rather stout branches, hoary or white as well as the foliage with
a close stenate tomentum, which disappears from the older leaves.
Leaves opposite, erect or scarcely spreading-, obovate or oblong--cuneate,
very obtuse and sometimes minutely mucronate, contracted into a short
petiole, rig-idly coriaceous, with few rather prominent primary veins, |
to 1 in. long". Flowers all axillary, on short pedicels. Bracts linear,
Calyx attaining J to f in. after flowering-, the upper lip ovate, con-
tracted upwards but obtuse, entire, the lower one much shorter, with 2
short obtuse or ahnost acute lobes. CoroUa g'lal)rous, nearlv \^ in,
long, the tube exserted and not much dilated at the throat, the upper
lip long* and narrow, arcuate, cor.cave, emarginate, the sides spreading-;
lower lip shorter, witli 3 rather narrow lobes. Stamens ascending-
under the upper lip and nearly as long-, all the anthers with the lower
end of the connective long- linear and g-labrous. Nuts very prominently
reticulate.

W. Australia. Murchison river, OlJfield, Drummond, 6th coll. n. 142 ; Lagi-ange
Bay, Martin.

The sti Uute pubesccnce of this species appears to be exceptional in the tribe and
almcst in the Order.

2. H. rigida, Bcnfh. in DC. Prod. xii. bQb. A g-labrous shrub,
apparently ditfuse or loosely spreading- as in Hemiandra, but the foliag-e
not at all pung-ent. Leaves opposite, linear-oblong- or linear-cuneate,
obtuso, entire, contracted into a short petiole, coriaceoiis, concave,
nerveless except the scarcely prominent midrib, mostly f to 1 in. long-.

Ilcmh/cnia.] XCIII. LABIAT.E. 113

Pedicels axillary, slentler, long"er than tlie calyx Init sliorter tlian tlie
leaves. Bracts trom a broad base acutely acuniinate, nearly as long- as
the calyx. Calyx 3 to 4 lines long-, the upper Hp broad, acute or
acutely acuminate, the lower one shorter, with '2 acute k)bes. CoroUa
not much h)ng-er than the calyx, g-hibrous outside, the upper lip short
with IL? broad lo])es, the lower lip much long-er, with a larg'e middle lobe
emarg-inate or i?-lobed, all the lobes crenulate. (Jonnective of the
iipper anthers clavate at tlie lower end and minutely bearded, of the
lower anthers g'labrous.

yJV. Australia, Drummond, Ath coll. n. 146.

3. H. ramosissima, Boith. in DC. Prod. xii. 5G5. A slender shndj,
apparentl}' dilfuse, g-labrous or with opposite lines of minute hairs de-
current on the branches. Leaves in whorls of 3, nearly sessile, linear,
obtuse or acute, entire, rather rigid, 1-nerved, rarely above | in. long-.
Pedicels axillary, filiform, about as long" as the leaves, very spreading-,
with a pair of linear-subulate bracts under the calyx. Calyx about 1\
lines long", broadly campanulate, glabrous, the upper lip broad, recurved,
shortly and broadly 3-lobed, the lower one more or less distinctly
2-lobed with obtuse or scarcely acute lobes, and curved over the tul)e
as in Prostanthcra. Corolla not seen open. Anthers in the young- bud
similar to tliose of H. rir/ida.

"W. Australia. Betwecn Swan river and King George's Sound, a singlc specimen
in thc Hookerian herbarium, witb numerous perfect caljxes, but all past flower.

4. H. microphylla, Bcnth. in DC. Prod. xii. 565. Amuch-branched
erect somewhat virgate shrub, with numeroiis small leaves and Howers,
and cjuite g'labrous. Leaves mostly in whorls of three, oblong- lanceo-
late or almost linear, obtuse, entire, rather thick, under ^ in. long- and
sometimes not \ in. Flowers all axillary, on very sliort pedicels. Bracts
linear, acute, shorter than the calyx. Calyx 1|^ to 2 lines long-, like tliat
of a Prostunthcra, with 2 broad lips closed after flowering-, the upper one
rounded, obtuse and entire, the lower one rather smaller, entire or re-
tuse. Corolla not twice as long- as the calyx, glabrous outside, tlie tube
about as long- as the calyx, the upper lip short, erect, 2-lobed, the lower
one longer, spreading-, with undulate emarginate lobes, the middle one
2-lobed. Connective of the upper anthers dilated and slig'htly bearded
at the lower end, that of the lower ones attenuate and g'labrous.

\ir. Australia, Drummond, 3rd coll. n. 191 {and 151?) ; Harvey and Gordon
rivers, Oliljield.

Sect. 2. Atelandra. — Calyx more or less distinctly 2-lipped, the
upper lip 3-toothed or 3-lobed, the middle lobe usually larg;er than the
lateral ones, the lower lip deeply 2-lobed, all the lobes acuminate. Lower
end of tlie connective of the lower anthers attenuate or rarely clavate
and g-labrous.

5. H. incana, Bcnth. in DC. Prod. xii. 566. An undershrub or shrub
attaining- 2 or 3 ft., covered in every part with hoary or silky short

VOL. V. I

114 xciii. LAUIAT.E. [Hcmigenia.

hairs, appressed and rather short on the stems and leaves, longer and
more sin-eading- on the calvxes and inilorescence. Leaves on the main
stems oblon---, ohtuse, contVacted into a very short petiole and 1 to 2 m.
lono-, sliorter und more petiohite on tlie side branches, the iioral ones
gTa^ually smaller, and the upper ones scarcely exceediny the ilowers.
Flowers *' pink" or " purple," shortly pediceHate or ahiiost sessde, all
axillary, but sometimes crowded into"^short axillary or terminal leafy
racemes. Bracts linear or setaceous. Calyx very villous, nearly 8 lines
long", the teeth lanceohite, verv acute, in 2 lips, the upper one J3-lobed
with tlie middle lobe hirger, the lower deeply 2-lobed. Corolla about
i in. long-, shortlv villous outside, the tube about as long- as the calyx,
the up])er lip erect concave and emargmate, the lower one spreading-
and twice as long-, with a large 2-lobed middle lobe. Lowerend oftbe
connective of the lower anthers chivate. — AicJundm incana, Lindl. Swan
Eiv. App. 40, t. 5 (the corolla reversed in the figure) ; A. ■polDstachya,
Lindl. l.c. ; HcmhjcnUi polygtachyn, ]ienth. in DC. Prod. xii. 566 ; Colo-
hamJra rohn.sfa, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 85?.

W. Australia. Swaii rivcr, Brummond, Ist coll. n. 451, Freiss, w.2313 ; Harvey
river, Oldjield.

C). H. canescens, Bc?ith. in DC. Prod. xii. 566. A shrub of 1 to 2
ft., much less robust than U. incana, clothed with a hoary or silky-white
pubescence, sometimes short and a})])ressed, sometimes dense, long-, and
loose, and often wearing otf li'om tlie u])})er surface of the leaves. Leaves
opposite or very rarely iu whorls of three, obovate from ahnost orbicular
to oblong', obtuse, verj spreading- or recurved, contracted into a short
petiole, thick and soft, rarely exceeding- | in., sometimes very silky-
white, sometimes quite green. Flowers small, solitary in the axils, on
pedicels usually very short and rarely above 1 line. Calyx rather broad,
2 lines long* wiien in flower, often 3 lines in fruit, tlie teeth ratber broad,
acute or almost obtuse, scarcely so long" as tlie tube, the 3 ujiper
ones nearly cqual or the middle one larger. the 2 lower ones united in
a shortly 2-lobed hp, CoroHa about twice as long- as the calyx, pubes-
cent outside, ap})arently like tliat of H. incana, but not seen very per-
fect. Anthers of H. incana — CoJvhandra canoicens, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss.
i. 358 (from the character given).

■^V. Australia, iJrummond, \st coll., Srd coll n. 149 ; Ilay district, Prciss, n. 2314
{Bortliiif/) ; Salt river, Ma.rwell.

Var. mollis. ^More hirsute, the hairs niore .siircading, white or dark colour d, oftcn
mixcd with a few glandidar liairs. — Colohandra mollis, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 358 ;
Hemigenia mollis, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 506. — York distiict, Prciss, n. 2310, also
some specimcns among Drummond'' s, n. 149.

CoJolandra Janata, Bartl. l.c. 359 (Hemigenia Janata, Benth. l.c.) of wliich the
flower.^ are unkuown, is probabiy a more woolly form of the saiue specics.

7. H. podalyrina, F. MncJJ. Fraf/m. vi. 112. A spreading- shrub of
1 to 2 ft., witii the general aspect and foliag-e of //. cane.sccns, of which
it may possibly be a variety, but the indumentum is very close aud short,
hoary or silvery or reddish at the ends of the branches. ' Leaves obovate

JSemiffenm.] xciii. LABiATiE. 115

or orbicular, contracted into a very sliort petiole, rarely above h in.
diameter. Flowers in tlie upper axils, on very short pedieels. Bracts
small, linear. Calyx open, :2 to 3 lines loni:', covered with the same
appressed tomentuin as the rest of the ])hint, the teeth sliort and broad,
almost o1)tuse and more or less distinctly forming- 2 lips, the middle
upper tooth usually the hirg-est. Corolla about h in. long-, slig-litly pubes-
ceut outside, densely beurded inside at the throat. Anthers of H.
incana and H. canescens.

"W. Australia. Eocks on the Kalgan river, Oldfield, Maxwell.

8. H. platjrphylla, Benth. in BC. Prod. xii. 566. A slender shrub
or undershrub of about 2 ft., the branches and foliag"e pubescent with
minute g-hmduhir hairs intermixed sometimes with a few long-er ones,
not g'hindular on tlie young" shoots and pedicels, but not hoary or silky
like tlie three preceding- species. Leaves opposite, obovate to oval-oblong-,
obtuse, narrowed into a short petiole, 1-nervedor obscurel}^ triplinerved,
^ to 1 in. long- or smaller on the side branches. Flowers '' lilac," all
axillary on short pedicels. Calyx after Howering- about 3 lines long-,
2-lipped, the upper lip 3-lobed, the lower rather shorter and 2-lobed, all
the lobes rather broad, acute or shortly acuminate but irreg-ular. Co-
rolhi (which I have not seen) 5 lines long", the limb pubescent outside,
the upper lip concave, bifid, the lower twice as long- with undulate cre-
nate lobes. Lower end of the connective of the upper anthers scarcely
bearded. — Cuhibandra platyplnjlla, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 358.

W. Australia. Mount Bakewell, York district, Preiss, n. 2319 {Herh. DC. and
F. MuelL).

Colohandra suhvillosa, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 359 {Hemigenia suhviUosa, Benth. in
DC. Prod. xii. 566), from the same York district, is said tobe very similarto H. j^lati/-
pliyUa, but with villous branches, and is probably a variety only, as there are occa-
sionally some ron-glandular hairs on the typical H. jAatypliyUa.

9. H. glabrescens, Bcnth. in DC. Prod. xii. 560. A shrub with
slender branches, slig-htly hoary as well as the young- foliag-e with short
appressed hairs, at length nearly g'labrous and without g'landular hairs.
Leaves opposite, oblong- or obovate-oblong-, obtuse, contracted into a
short petiole, mostly | to | in. long-, or on the side shoots under | in.,
gTeen and glabrous or nearl^' so when full-gTown. Flowers sinall, axil-
lary, on short pedicels. Bracts linear. Calyx rather broadly campanu-
late, villous with spreading* hairs, 2 lines, or after flowering- 3 lines long-,
the teeth subulate-acuminate, irregularly 2-lipped. Corolla about twice
as long" as the calyx, pubescent outside, the uj)per lip short, broad and
concave, the lower lip long-er. Connective of the upper anthers bearded
at the lower end, of the lower anthers glabrous and clavate at the tip.

VT. Australia, Drummond, \st coU. n. 452.

10. H. obtusa, Bcnth. in DC. Prod. xii. 567, A slender, apparently
diifiise or spreading- shrub, g-labrous or more or less lioary with short
appressed hairs. Leaves opposite, oblong- or cuneate, usually narroAv
and sometimes almost linear, rarely almost obovate, obtuse, contracted

I ^

]1(; xciii. LABiAT.i:. [Ucmigmia.

into a petiolc, uiukT h 'n\. loiig-. Flowers siiKill, axillarv, on peclicels
sometimes above 1 line^Iong-, but usually shortj bracts subulate. Calyx
2 lines, or after flowering* nearly 3 lines long-, shortly pubescent, the
tube turbinate, the teeth not long-er tlian the tube, acute or almost ob-
tuse, more or less distinctly 2-Iipped or almost equal. CoroIIa not twice
as lon'»' as the calyx, pubescent outside. Connective of the upperanthers
shoi-tly beardod at tlie lower end, that of the lower anthers g-Iabrous.

W. Australia, Drummond, 2nd coll. n. 147 ; plains iiear Observatory Lill, Salt
Lagoons, Ma.vwell.

Sect. 3. Hemioema. — Calyx-teeth nearly equal, subulate-acimii-
nate or acute. Lower end of the connective of the lower anthers at-
tenuate. Leaves sessile, except in H. hiunilis.

IL £1. sericea, Bmth. in Iluetj. Emtm. 80, aiHl in DC. Prod. xii. b(S7 .
A stout shrub of several feet, with erect branches more or less silky-
villous or at lengtli g-Iabrous. Leaves opposite, sessile, erect or spread-
ing:, lanceolate or oblong-, obtuse or mucronate, often contracted at the
base, coriaceous, flat or concave, more or less silky-villous or silvery
white when young-, becoming- glabrous when old, with few veins besides
tlie midrib, mostly above 1 in. long-. Flowers sessile or very shortly
liedicellate, usually clustered in the axils with linear or linear-lanceolate
bracts, rarely solitary on young- side branches. Calyx usually about 3
lines long-, the tube turbinate, the teeth lanceolate-subulate, nearly
equal, long-er than the tube. Corolla usually about | in. long-, g-Iabrous
or nearly so outside. Connective of the upper stamens with the lower
end broad and bearded, that of the lower stamens attenuate and g-Iabrous.
— Lartl. in PI. Proiss. i. 360.

■^V. Australia. Swan river, Fraser, Iluegel, Drummond, Ist colL, Preiss, n. 2333,

Oldjield and others.

Var. parvijiora. Leaves usually but not always narrow, and more contracted at the
baso, sometimes narrow-linear, silvery-white or nearly glabrous. Flowers smalier but
variable in size, the calyx sometimes scarcely above 2 iines long. — H.parvijiora, Bartl.
in Pl. Preiss. i. 359 ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 567. — With the typical form, Drummond,
Freiss, n. 2321.

Urummond, n. 148 of tlie 3rd coll. willi nearly glabrous vcry narrow or rather brnad
leaves, and n. 453 ot the Ist coll. with silvery-white leaves, are in many i'espects inter-
mediate forms, and to these varielies of D. serirea should probably be added II. argerdea,
Bart!. i.c. 360 ; Benth. in DC. l.c. 567, which 1 have not seen.

Var. lanosa, F. Muell. Leaves and flowers of the typical form, but the whole plant,
especially the young parts densely woolly with long soft silky hairs. — Drummond's
last coll.

12. H. barbata, Bartl. in PI. Preiss. i. 360 ? Very closely allied
to //. .^ericra, liut tho short Ijroad leaves and loose indumentum" g-ive it
a very difloront as])oct. Young- branches donsely clothed with long- loose
spreading- but silky hairs, which wear off witli ag-e. Leaves oblono-,
mostly rather above ^ in. long-, and nearly | in. broad, looselv silkv-
villous on l)oth sides. Flowers small, usually 2 in each axil, nearly
sessile, each with 2 linoar membranous haivy bracts. Calyx 2 to 2^
lines long-, silky-villous, the teeth nearly equal, soft, acutely acuminate.

Ilcmujaiia.] XCIIl. LABIATvK. 117

ratlier .sliorter or loniivr tlinii th(> tubo. Corolla glabrous, at least in
tlie bud. Anthers of II. sericca, the lower end of the connective of the
lower ones slig-htly chivate or attenuate.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 77 {Prelss, n. 2320 ?). I have not seen Preiss'.s
specimcns, but i)runu)ioiul's agree niuch better with Bartling'8 description than tho
phmt I referred to H. harhata iu DC. Prod. xii. 5G6, which is but one of the small-
flowered varieties of H. sericca.

13. H. curvifolia, F. Mucll. Fmf/m. i. 210. A slirul) of t? or 3 ft.,
the branches wooll3'-hirsute, the young- shoots silk^^-villous, the older
foliag-e becoming- glabrous. Leaves opposite, sessile, ovate-lanceolate
or oblong', mostly aciite, rigid, complicate, recurved, J in. long- or rather
more. Flowers rather small, clustered in the axils and in every respect
like those of the small-Howered varieties of H. scricca.

W. Australia. Rocky hills, Hiil river, Oldfield. There are but very few small
specimens, more complete ones may possibly shovv this to be an extreme form of
H. sericea.

14. H. scabra, Bcnth. Apparently an undershrub with slig-htly-
branched erect stems of J to f ft., scabrous-pubescent or shortly hir-
sute as well as the foliag"e. Leaves opposite, or very rarely in whorls
of 3, oblong--cuneate, very obtuse or truncate at the end, contracted at
the base but scarcely petiolate, 4 to 8 lines long-. Flowers small, soli-
tary in the axils, on short pedicels. Bracts linear-lanceolate, often as
long' as the calyx. Calyx nearly 3 lines long", the teeth acute, rather
broad, all ecjual, as long- as the tube. Corolla only seen in bud. Con-
nective of tlie upper authers with the lower end dilated and bearded,
that of the lower anthers attenuate and g-labrous.

■VIT. Australia, Drummond.

15. H. humilis, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 5G?. A low shrub or
undershrub, much branched at the base, usually under 6 in. higli, btit
gTowing- out sometimes to near 1 ft., hoary with a minute velvety puljes-
cence wearing* off from the older foliag-e, and with a few rigid spread-
ing' hairs about the inflorescence. Leaves opposite, linear linear-cuneate
or oblong-, obtuse, contracted into a short petiole, rather thick, llat,
rarely above ^ in. long", and mostly shorter. Flowers small, solitary in
the axils, on very short pechcels. Bracts linear-subulate, usually ciliate
with rigid hairs. Calyx 2 lines, or after Howering' 3 lines long-, often
hirsute and sometimes witli a few glandular hairs, the tube turbinate,
the teeth subulate-acuminate, nearly ecpial, long-er than the tube. Co-
rolla scarcely twice as long- as the calyx, pubescent outside. Connectivo
of the upper anthers broad and bearcted at the lower end, that of the
lower anthers narrow and glabrous or scarcely minutely bearded.

yjV. Australia, Drummond, 2nd coll. suppl. n. 49.

16. H. westringioides, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 568. A slender
shrub with virgate branches, giabrous or minutely hoary-pubescent.
Leaves opposite, sessile, very narrow linear or terete and channelled
above, obtuse or mucronate-acute, contracted at the base, g to 1 iu. long-.

;i]j< \CIII. LABIAT.^-. [Hnnif/f/lifl.

Flowers solitary iii the axils, on pedicels of 2 to 8 or rarely 4 lines, witli
sniall subulate'bracts near tbe calyx. Calyx usually minutely lioary-
pubescent, about 3 lines long-, the teeth broad, acute, nearly equal, much
sliorter than the tube. Corolla above twice as long- as the calyx, gla-
brous outside. Connective of the upper anthers broad and bearded at
tlie h)wer end, that of the lower anthers narrow and glabrous.
W. Australia, Drummond, Zrd coll. n. 152.

17. H. teretiusctila, F. Mucll. Frngm. vi. 111. A slender branch-
ino- shrul), with tlie hal)it and foliag*e of H. wcstringioides, but quite
g-labrous, the pedicels very short, the calyx-teeth narrow, acute and
about as long as the tube, and the corolla scarcely so larg-e as in H.
wcstr//if/if)/(/rs, of which it is probably a variety.

W. Australia. Stokes Inlet and Kydenup Range, JlaxioeU.

18. H. purpurea, 7?. Br. Prod. 602. A slender twig-g-y heath-like
shrub or undershrub, g-labrous or Avith long-itudinal rows of a minute
pubescence on the branches. Leaves in whorls of 3 or 4, linear-terete,
mucronate-acute or obtuse, channelled above, contracted at the base,
and sometimes shortly petiolate, rarely above h in. long-. Flowers
" pur})le " or " blue," solitary and pedicellate or almost sessile in the
upper axils. Bracts linear, shorter than the calyx. Calyx 2 to 2i lines
long-, the tube turbinate, the teeth linear or linear-lanceolate, long-er
tlian tlie tube. Corolla not twice as long- as the calyx, slightly pubes-
cent outside, the lower lip twice as long- as the upper. Connective of
the upper anthers broad and bearded at the lower end, that of the lower
anthers glabrous at the lower end, the cell at the upper end apparently
perfect as usual in tlie genus. — Bentli. in DC. Prod. xii. 568 ; H. Sicheri,
Benth. Lab. Gen. et Sp. 457, and in DC. Prod. l.c.

N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, li. Brotcn, Sieher, n. 191,
A. Cuiininf/ham, and mauy others. On compariiig a hvrge numlier of speiimens I am
now pcrsuaded that those with four leaves in a whorl {H. Sitheri, Benth.) do not other-
wise difter from tbose which have only three.

19. H. cuneifolia, Bcnth. A slirub probably of 2 orSft., g-labrous
excej^t the corolla. Leaves in whorls of 3, oblong'-cnneate, obtuse or
mucronate-acute, contracted into a rather long- petiole, ilat, g-reen on
both sides, about \ in. long'. Flowers small, solitary in the axils, shortly
pedicellate. Bracts small, acute. Calyx l^ to 2 lines long", quite
glabrous, striate, the teeth all equal, acute, shorter than the tube. Co-
rolla pubescent outside, not twice as long* as the calyx, the upper lip
broad erect concave and emarginate as in the preceding- species, the
lower li]) longer and spreading-. Upper stamens as in //. purpiirca, with
the connective dilated and bearded at the lower end, the lower stamens
with tlie conncctive short, the cell at the upper end ovate but perhaps
not i)(M-t('ct, the lower end linear and g-labrous.

N. S. Wales. George river, very rarc, Woolls; Macleay river, Beclhr.
Tlie above spccimens are referred by F. Mueller, Fragm. vi. 110, to Wcstrinf/ia
glabra, which lias something of the gencral aspect of this plant, but ditferently sliapcd

IIrii//f/r>iia.] xriii. labiat.i-:. lli)

leaves aiid very different. corolla and antliers. Tlie New England plant tliere men-
tioned is the triie (T. f]lah)-a. In //. cuneifoUa, the celi of the lower staraens in the
two flowers exaniincd appeared to be not quite so perfect as is usual in Ilemigenia,
Rhowing thus a passage to the genus Mic/-ocorys, althongh still nearer to Hemigenia,
of whicli it has the corolla.

Sect. 4, DiPLANTHERA. — Caljx-tectli 5, nearly equal, subulate-
acuminate or acute. Lower end of the connective of the lower anthers
and sometimes of all the anthers bearing- a second imperfect cell. Leaves
sessile, opposite.

20. H. Drummondii, Bentli. A perennial or undershrub (some-
times shrubby '!) all the specimens showin^- several simple or sH<i'htly
branched stems erect from the rootstock, g-labrous or with opposite de-
current Hnes of sliort liairs. Leaves opposite, sessile, oblong- or oblong--
cuneate, obtuse, entire, 1-nerved, minutely ciliate or quite g'labrous,
under \ in. long-. Pedicels short, with linear or linear-lanceolat« ciliate
bracts, Calyx about 3 lines long-, sprinkled or ciliate with a few long-
spreading- hairs, the teeth lanceolate, long-er than the tube. Corolla
twice as long- as the calyx, tlie tube rather long-, the upper lip concave
below the lobes. Anthers rather larg-e, the connective of the upper
ones dilated and bearded at the lower end, that of the lower anthers
bearing- a second smaller cell probably sterile.

y^. Australia, Drummoncl, Imt coU.

21. H. pimelifolia, F. 3fucll. Frag/n. vi. 112. A shrub with slender
divaricate branches, the young' ones and foliag'e hirsute with long' spread-
ing' hairs and opposite rows of shorter ones on the branches. Leaves
opposite, sessile, obovate or oblong', obtuse, concave, rather thick, 2 to
3 lines long'. Flowers solitary in the axils, nearly sessile. Bracts linear
or linear-lanceolate. Calyx liirsute with long' spreading' hairs, under 2
lines long', tlie teetli narrow-lanceolate, nearly equal, ratlier obtuse,
long'er tlian the tube. Corolla scarcely exceeding' the calj^x, the lobes
less unequal than in tlie other species. Connective of the upper anthers
with the lower end dilated and bearded, that of the lower anthers with
the lower branch elong'ated and terminating' in a second cell nearly as
large as the perfect one, but perhaps sterile.

V^. Australia. Murchison river, Oldjield.

22. H. diplanthera, F. Miiell. Frar/m. vi. 111. A heath-like erect
g'labrous shrub or undershrub, sometimes busliy and under 6 in., some-
times more strag-gling', and attaining- 1 to 3 ft., the smaller branches
slender. Leaves opposite, linear or rarely linear-oblong-, acute or ob-
tuse, concave, contracted at the base, and sometimes shortly petiolate.
Pedicels solitary in tlie axils, shorter than the calyx. Bracts subulate.
Calyx 2 to 2| lines long', the tube turbinate, the teeth nearly ecjual,
broad or narrow, very acute, rarely as long' as the tube. Corolla
" white," the upper lip rather long'er than the calyx, 2-lobed and
scarcely concave l)elow the lobes, the lower lip nearly twice as long' as
the calyx, 3-lobed^ all the lobes nearly ef|ually 2-lobed. Anthers all

-[OQ xciii. i.abiat.t:. [Hfwif/cnid.

with one jjerfect cell, tlie lower lobe of the counective ending- in a secoud
smaller and ])erliaps sterile slender cell in the lower stamens, and some-
times also in the upper ones, but sometimes the lower end of the latter
dilated and l^earded as in the other species of the genus, and in one
flower I found a fifth imperfect stamen.
W, Australia, Dnunmond, last coll.

18. MICROCORYS, H. Br.

(Anisaudra, Bartl.)

Calyx campanulate, o-toothed. Corolla with a dilated throat, the
upperlip very concave or hood-shaped, with the addition sometimes of
2 flat spreadiiag- lobes ; lower lip spreading-, 3-lobed. Stamens 2 (the
upper ones) perfect, the connective elong-ated, produced bevond the in-
sertion into a short lower branch usually dilated and beartled at the
end, the 2 lower stamens (or staminodia) sterile and short, the anthers
recUiced to a small connective, with 2 linear or linear-chivate parallel
branclies. Stvle shortly bifid at the end. Nuts reticuhite-rugose,
attached to the middle or hig-her up. Seeds albuminous. — Shrubs or
undershrubs. Leaves opposite or more frerpiently iu whorls of 3 or 4,
all entire. Flowers all axiHary or rarely in terminal leafy heads, soli-
tary within each tloral leaf, with a pair of bracts under or below the
calyx. CoroUa usually hairy inside the tube, especially at the insertion
of the stamens.

The genus is limited to Western Australia.

Sect. 1. Hemi^enioides. — Leaves opposite. CoroUa-tuhe exserted, the upper lip
concave, shorthj lobed, not mwch shorter than or as long as the lowest lube.
Corolla narrow, above 1 in. long.

Lcaves linear, witli revolute margins. Pedicels rather long,

upper corolla-lip longer than the lower 1. M.longifoUa.

Leaves ovute or cliiptical-oblong with rccur\'ed margins. Pedi-

cels sliort. Upper corolla-lip nearly as long as the lower . 2. 21. longijlora.
Corolla broad, h iii. long or less, the upper lip nearly as long as
the lower.

Leaves narrow lincar S. M. tenuifolia.

Leaves ovate or oblong, flat 4. J/. loganiacea.

Pect. 2. Anisandra. — Leavea in whorls of 3 or 4, fat or concave. CoroUa-tuhe
induded or rarchj exsertcd, the upper lip very concuve or hood-shaped with 2 anterior
spreading usucdhj large lobes.

Flowers in terminal leafy heads or spikes, the floral leaves niuch
broadcr than the stem ones.

Leaves ovate 5. M. capitata.

Leaves ohlong-lanceolate 6. 3J. pimeleoides.

Flowcs all in the axiis of leaves similar to the stem ones.

Leaves linear-cuncatc, 3 to 5 lines long. Calyx silky or hoaiy 7. M. subcancscens.
Leaves imdcr .3 lines, iinear or oLlong.

Calyx densely hirsute, with long spreading hairs.

Corolia-tubc as long as the calyx 8. M. ericifolia.

Calyx glabrous or slightiy pubcscent.

Corolia-tube twice as long as thc calyx 9. 31. exserta.

Coroila-tube not exceeding the calyx 10. J/. glabra.

2/lc/VC(jn/s.\ Xnil. LAlSIATil::. 1-1

Sect 3. Microcorys. — Leave/i in rcJiorls of 3 or 4. Corolla-tuhe included, the
upper Up vcrij skort, concave or hood-shajwd, icithont large anterior lobes, the loicer lip
viuch loiiger.
Leaves lincar, rarely above 3 lines long. Flowers very sniall.

Calyx glabrous or scarcely jnibescent H. 3i. virgata.

Calyx very densely birsute witb wbite bairs 12. M. harbata.

Leavesorbicular, flat, 1 to 2 lines diameter. Flowcrs very smalb

Calyx very dcnsely birsute \i. M. lcnticidans.

Lcaves broad, 3 to Glines long. Flowers Large. Calyx glabrous
or sbglitly boary.

Leaves flat, obovate 14. M.obovata.

Lcaves ovate, witb revolnte margins 15. M.purpurea.

Sect. 1. Hemigenioides. — Leaves opposite. Corolla-tube exserted,
the iip])er lip concave, shortly lobed, not mucli shorter than or as lon<^
as the lowest.

1. M. longifolia, Bcnth. m DC. Prod. xii. 568. Apparently a tall
shrub, the branches and young- shoots hoary with a niinute tomentum.
Leaves opposite, sessile, linear, obtuse, with revohite margins, Ijecoming-
ghibrous above when okl, hoary or white underneath, above 1 in. and
often nearly 2 in. long-. Pedicels axillarv, slender, spreading-, otten |-
in. long', with a pair of small linear-suljulate bracts a little distance
below the calyx, and there usually bent. Calyx rather narrow, slightly
hoary, tlie tube nearly 3 lines long-, the teeth narrow, acute, rather
shorter than the tube, the uppermost usually larg-er than the others.
Corolla slig'htly pubescent outside, above 1 in. long-, the tube exserted
and somewhat' clilated upwards, the upper lip narrow, erect, concave,
slig-htly emarg-inate, the lower one shorter, spreading-, with 3 ovate en-^
tire lobes. Upper anthers with one larg-e fertile cell, the lower end of
the conuective rather long-, dilated at the end but scarcely bearded.
Nuts less prominently reticulate than in most species. — Hcmigcnia lunyi-
folia, Benth. in Hueg-. Enum. 80.

W. Australia. Swan river, Huegel, Drummond, 2nd coll. n. 214.

Tbe bii.g corollas of tbis and tbe following species give tbem more tbe aspect of
Htmigeiiia tban of 3Jicrocorys, but tbe lower antbers in botb have the two linear
sterile lobes of Microcorys witbout any perfect ceU.

2. M. longiilora, F. Miicll. Fragm. vi. 113. A divaricately branched
rather i^lender shrub, apparently 1 to 2 ft. hig-h, the branches and young-
shoots minutely pubescent. Leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate to ellip-
tical-oblong", obtuse, with recurved marg-ins, giabrous above when old,
pale or hoary underneath, niostly about ^ in. long-, but varyiug- from
\ to I in. iPedicels short but slender, often recurved, the bracts very
short, linear-setaceous. Calyx 3 to 4 lines or rarely at length 5 lines
long', the teeth lanceolate, acute, the upper one often as long- as the
tube, the others smaller. CoroIIa nearly 1 in. long-, the tube sligiitly
dilated upwards and much longer than the calyx, the lijis short, the
upper one erect and concave, the lower one scarcely longer, Avith three
ovate lobes. Connective of the upper anthers dilated and bearded at
the lower end.

li?l? xciii. LAniATiT:. [Microronjs.

W. Australia. Between Swau river and Cape Riche, Drummovd, 5th coU. iu
340.

8. M. tenuifolia, Bmth. A slender shrub, witli much of the aspect
()f Htniii/niid instriiii/iiiides, but the branchcs and ^-ouny slioots hoary or
Avliite with niinute a])pressed hairs, and the stamens tliose of Microcori/s.
Leaves opposite, very narrow Hnear, obtuse or mucronate, thick, vvith
sliglitly recurved margins, mostly ^ to f in. and sometimes nearly 1 in.
hjuy. ' Pedicels filiform, 2 to 8 Hnes long-, with short setaceous bracts
at some distance from the calyx. Calyx narrow, hoaiy with a minute
pubescence, about 8 lines long-, the teeth narrow-lanceolate, acute,
rather shorter than the tnbe. Corolhi pubescent, the tube not exceed-
ing- the calvx, the upper lip short, concave, broadly 2-lobed, tlie lower
lip (rather long-er .'') ;i-lo])ed. Connective of the upper stamens long",
the hjwor end sliort, dihited and bearded.

W. Australia, Drumniond, 4th coll. n. 172. Tlie foliage and inflorescence are
lii<e tliose ol' M. loiKjifolia but more slender, and tlie short broad corolla is very
different.

4. M. loganiacea, F. Miiell. Fragm. vi. 113. A shrub or undershrub,
the stems uot nuu-li branched, h to 1 ft. hig-h or rather more, miuutely
scabrous-])idjescent. Leaves opposite, ovate or oval-oblong:, obtuse, flat,
rather thick, contracted into a short petiole, nerveless except tlie midrib,
minutely scabrous-]iubescent or g-labrous. Flowers nearly sessile or on
pedicels of aboutl Hne. Bracts Hnear-lanceolate, sometimes as long- as the
calyx, Calyx more or less hirsute, about 3 Hnes long- or at leng-th nearly
4 Hnes, tlie teeth Hnear-lanceohite, long-er than the tube and nearly
equal. CoroUa pubescent outside, scarcely twice as long- as tlie calyx,
the throat broad and open, the upper H]) concave, with 2 short broad
lobes, the lower one but Httle long-er, with 3 broad fring-ed or crenate
lobes. Connective of the upper anthers dihited and sHg'htly bearded at
the lower end. TSuts g'labrous, slig-htly reticulate.

TV. Australia. Towards Cape Eiche, Harvey, Drummond, Ath coll. n. 168,
Maxwell.

Sect. 2. Anisandra. — Leaves in whorls of three or rarely four, flat
or concave, Corolla-tube included or rareh' exserted, tlie u]iper Hp
very concave or hood-shaped, with 2 anterior spreading- usually larg-e
lobes.

•). M. capitata, Bcnth. in DC. Prod, xii. 5G8. An erect rigid shrub,
the bninchcs oftcu clustered and divaricate under the old intlorescences,
tlie whole ])lant usually g'labrous except the intloresceuce. Leaves in
wliorls of 3, on exceeding-ly short ])etioles, ovate, acute or rather ob-
tuse, coriaceous, tlat, 1-nerved, under ^ in. long", the iloral ones much
broader not so thick and ciliate. Flowers solitary under each Horal
leaf, but collected in terminal g'lobular or ovoid lieads, the lloral leaves
iml)ricate and about as long- as the calyx. Bracts very small, setaceous
and ciliate or quite abortive. (Jalyx 3| to 6 lines long-, glabrous or
slig-htly g-landular-pubesccnt, the teeth rather broad, very acute or acu-

Microcori/s.] xciii. i.xmATM. 123

minate, mucli sliorter tlian tlie tube. Corolla not much long-er tlian tlie
calyx, tlie upjier lip erect, conspicuously helmet-sliaped, with 2 anterior
spreadiug- lobes ; lower lip spreading-, ;J-lobed. Fihanents of the upper
anthers short, the connective long- and slender, witli the lower end
broadly oblong- and shortly bearded. — Wcstringia cajntata, BartL in PL
Preiss. i. 302.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 98, -ith coll. n. 143 ; Mount Baldhead, Preiss, n.
2334.

6. M. pimeleoid.es, F. Mncll. Frafjm. i. 156. A robust shru]), cpiite
glabrous or witli minute opposite linesof pubescence along-thebranches.
Leaves crowded, in whorls of 3, oblong--lanceohite, obtuse or almost
acute, minutely petiolate, thick, concave, 3 to 4 lines long-, the floral
ones broader, almost ovate. Flowers almost sessile and crowded at the
ends of the branches, but not so distinctly capitate as in M. caintata^ the
floral leaves about as long- as the calyxes. Bracts small, linear or oblong'.
Calyx nearly 3 lines long", the teeth ovate or oblong--ovate, mucronate,
as long- as the tube, rather spreadiug-. Corolla shortly pubescent out-
side, nearly twice as long- as the calyx, the tube not exserted, the upper
lip liood-shaped, with two larg-e broad anterior spreading' lobes, the
lower lip of three broad undulate emarginate lobes. Connective of the
upper anthers long-, witli a larg'e acuminate lower lobe slig-htly bearded
at the end.

VT. Australia. Pliillips range, Maxwell.

7. M. subcanescens, Benth. An apparently small slender shrub,
the branches and young* shoots hoary or white with a close almost silky
pubescence, the adult foliag-e g-labrous. Leaves mostly in rather distant
whorls of 3, linear-oblong- or slig-htly cuneate, very obtuse, contracted
into a very short petiole, coriaceous, l-nerved, flat or concave, 3 to 5
lines long-. Plowers axillary, nearly sessile. Bracts linear, at least as
long- as the calyx-tube. Calyx about 3 lines long-, silky-pubescent, the
teeth narrow-lanceolate, rather obtuse, about as long' as the tube. Co-
rolla pubescent outside, the tube shorter than the calyx, the upper lip
scarcely exceeding the calyx-teeth, erect, very concave with 2 anterior
spreading- lobes, the lower lip long-er, the lateral lobes obovate, tlie
middle one broad and emarg-inate. Connective of the upper anthers
with the lower lobe broad and ciliate.

TV. Australia, Maxwell.

8. M. ericifolia, Bcnth. in DC. Prod. xii. 5G9. A heath-like shrub
of several ft., with virg-ate branches minutely pubescent in decurrent
lines or g-labrous. Leaves in whorls of 3, or rarely of 4, linear or ob-
long', obtuse, contracted at the base, thick and flat or concave, g-labrous,
sometimes all scarcely above 1 line long-, in other specimens 2 to 3 lines,
the floral ones similar but usiially shorter tlian the calyx. Flowers axil-
lary but usually crowded in leafy racemes towards the ends of the
branches. Pedicels very short or nearly 1 line long. Bracts linear,
often as long- as the calyx-tube. Calyx 2 to 2| lines long- or after

1-24 xciii. lauiat.t:. \J/icrocori/s.

flovverin"- nearlv 3 lines, narrower andmore contracted at the base than
tliat of .1/. biirbfita, denselv hispid witli spreading- hairs long-er and more
rigid tlian in that species^ Corolla g-hibrous or sHg-htly pubescent out-
side, the tube as long- as the calyx, the upper lip very coucave or almost
liood-slia])ed at the base witli 2 large obovate-oblong- erect but laterally
s])reading- lol)es, lower lip spreading-, with a larg-e and broadmiddle lobe.
Counective ofthe uj)per anthers rather long-, the lower lobe short and
bearded. A'uts g-laudular-pubescent.

W. Australia, Drummond, \st coll. n. 453 or 455, 2nd coU. suppl. n. 70. Not-
witli.st.iniliiii; sonic gcnei-al reserablance to 31. harhata this species is readily di.stin-
guii^Iied by tlic calyx twice as long, naiTower and with much longer and more spreadiiig
bairs, and by thc lurge lobcs of the upper lip of the corolia.

M. parvifolia, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 569 {Drummond, ist coll. n. 456) h;is sniall
leaves and rather smaller flowers, but I have now seen too iDany ambiguous specimens
to admit of distinguisliing it even as a marked variety. A spccimen of Roe's has the
leaves all small aud much broader thau usual, some of them almost ovate.

0. M. glabra, Bcntk. in DC. Prod. xii. 509. — A shrub of 1 to 8 ft.
usually much brttnched, but less virg-ate and looser than M. virgata, the
tyj)ical forin glabrous in every part. Leaves in Avhorls of 3 or very
rarely of 4, erect or spreading-, scarcely petiolate, linear, obtuse, thick,
flat or concave, rarelv under 3 lines and often 4 lines long-. Flowers
axillary, on short pedicels, with very small linear obtuse bracts. Calyx
l^ lines long- when in flower, aftcrwards attaining- 2 lines, g-labrous or
slightly pubescent, the teeth lanceolate, usually obtuse and rather
shorter than the tube, sometimes very short. Corolla cjuite glabrous
outside, the tube shorter than the calyx, the upper lip very coucave
with 2 broad open anterior lobes, the lower lip much long-er. Connec-
tive of the uppcr anthers long-er than in M. virfjatu, the lower lobe di-
lated and bearded. — Anisandra glahra, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 361 ; Mi-
crucar.t/s brcvidcns, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 669.

^V. Australia, Drummond, 3rd coll. n. 150, 4th coU. n. 104; KonkoLerup hills,
Freiss, n. 2:V2S; Salt river, Piantagenet and Stirling ranges, MaxiceU.

Var. gracilis. Very slender in all its parts and heath-like. Leaves very narrow
«ften almost terete, 2 to 3 iines long. Flowers smaller but the essential characters
entircly tliose of J/. glahra — " Poor soil," no precise staiion, MaxiceU.

yan-.? jiubcscens. Branches foliage aiid calyx pubescent with very short spreading
hairs, the coroUa and stamens as in the typical form. — Salt river ranges(with tlie leaves
as in the typical form), Philiips river (with shorter and broadcr leaves), MaxweU.

10. M. exserta, Bmth. A shrub, probably of 2 or 3 ft., g-labrous
except tlie coinlla, with numerous virgate branches. Leaves rather
crowded, in whurls of 3 or 4, linear, obtuse or almost acute, contracted
into a short potiole, thick, llat or concave, under 3 lines and often not
2 lints long. Plowers uearly sessile in the uj)per axils. Bracts very
snitill, linear, deciduous. Calyx g-labrous or sliglitly pubescent, under
2 lines long when in tlower, aljove that when in fruit, the teeth ovate,
slightly mucronate, shorter than the tube. Corolla pubesceut outside,
the tube slender, exserted (about half as long- ag-ain as the calyx), the
up]>er lip short, broad, very concave, with spreading- anterior lobes, the

Microcori/s.] xciii. LAiJiAT.E. li?5

lower lip mnch long-er, witli l)ro;ul lobes. Connective of thc, npper an-
thers r:ither long-, with a broad lower lobe bearded at the end.

W. Australia. East rivor, Stokes Inlet, MaxireU, and some specimens in Drum-
moncfs 3rd coll. n. 151. With tlic habit and foliage of M. ericlfulia and M. vircata
this is at once distinguished by the corollatube, which, when perfect, is fully 3 'lines
h.ng.

Sect. 3. MiCROcoRYs. — Leaves in whorls of three or rarely four. Co-
rolla-tube not exceeding- the calyx-teeth, the upper lip very short, con-
cave or hood-shaped, shg-htly emarginate, witliout the two larg-e spread-
ing- lobes of Anisandra, the lower lip much long-er, spreadino-.

11. M. virgata, 7?. Br. Prod. 502. An erect shrub with erect or
spreading- slender virg-ate branches, the whole phmt g'hibrous except the
corolhi. Leaves in whorls of 3, linear, obtuse, contracted at the base
but scarcely petiohite, thick, Hat or concave, rarely exceedino- 3 Hnes'
the floral ones simihir or rather smaller. Flowers a'll axillary and nearly
sessile, but frequently forming- terminal leafy racemes, Bracts very
small and falling- olf early so as to be rarely seen. Calyx l^ or rarely
l^ lines long-, g-Iabrous, Ihe teeth ovate, obtuse or shortly mucronate
shorter tlian the tube, sometimes shortl}^ ciliate. CoroIIa hirsute outside
with long- stilf hairs (except the upper part of the lower lobes) the upper
lip not exceeding- the calyx, very broad, concave, very shortlv emaro-i-
nate or sinuate-lobed, lower Ii]i more than twice as long-, with broadly
obovate spreading- lobes. Connective of the upper anthers short the

lower dilated and bearded lobe nearly as long- as the perfect cell Benth

in DC. Prod. xii. 569 ; Bartl. in Ph Preiss. i. 3(32.

• W. Australia. Boggy ground, King George's Sound, R. Broiim, A. Cunningham ;
rocks of Mount Wulgenup, J^reiss, n. 2330 ; also Drummond, 4tli coll. n. 169.

M. selaginoidcs, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 363, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 569, from moist
shady bogs, Twcpeopled Bay, Preiss, n. 2332, from the single not very good specimens
seen, appears to be a sh"ght variety of M. virgata, with tlie branches niinutely hoary-
pubescent, and the leaves slightly scabrous with minute hairs.

12. M. barbata, B. Br. Prod. 502. A shrub with slender virg-ate
branches, g-labrous or with minutely pubescent decurrent lines the
foliag-e qnite g-Iabrous. Leaves in whorls of 3, linear, obtuse, thick
eoncave or almost terete, contracted into a short petiole, 2 to 3 or very
rarely 4 lines long-, the Horal ones similar but often smaller. Flowers
very small, all axillary but forming- long- leafy racemes and very con-
spicuous from tlie Avhite silky Iiairs of the calyx. Calyx scarcely li
lines long-, densely hirsute with white spreading'"^hairs, the teeth broadly
oblong-, almost obtuse, about as long- as the tube. CoroIIa pubescent
outside, the upper lip scarcely exceeding- the calyx, broad, concave
sliorth' sinuate-lobed, the lower lip much long-er and spreadino-. Con-
nective of the upper anthers short, the lower dilated and bearded lobe
nearlv as long- as the perfect cell. ]\uts hirsute. — Benth. in DC Prod
xii. 569.

W. Australia. Lucky Bay, R. Brown ; to the eastward of King George's Sound ?
Batter, Drummond, Ath coll. n. 1G7 ; Kojoneriip valley, Oldfiekl river and Esperance
Bay, Maxwell.

]^o^; xciii. LABIAT^. [Microcorij.f.

1;5. M. lenticularis, F. Mi/rll. Friif/m. vi. 113. A sbru)) witli the
slendor vir<';it(' ])ranclies and liispid calyxes of i/. barhata, quite g-labrous
or witli ininutelv jjubescent decurreut lines. Leaves in wborls of tbree,
verv broadlv ovate or orbicular, obtuse, tbick, flat or concave, sbortly
l)ut'distinctly petiolate, 1 to near]_y 2 lines diameter. Flowers in tbe
upper axils nearlj sessile. Calyx after flowering- ovoid-g-Iobular, denselj
birsute witli wbitisli spreading- bairs, ratber above 1 line long-, tbe teeth
ratber broad and usuallj sliorter tlian the tube. Corolla and stamens
not seen. Nuts pubescent.
^V. Australia, Druinmond, Brcl coll. n. 196.

14. M. obovata, Benth. in DC. Frod. xii. 5G9. An erect busbj
shrub, tbe branclies and joung- sboots hoarj witli minute aj^pressed
hairs, tlie adult foliag-e g-labrous. Leaves mostlj in wborls of tbree, obo-
vate, obtuse, contracted into a verj sliort petiole or almost sessile, flat,
coriaceous, nerveless, 3 to 4 lines long-. Flowers axillar j, on verj short
pedicels, witb small linear-setaceous ciliolate bracts, Caljx about 2
lines long" or at leng-tb ratber louger, glabrous or nearlj so, the teeth
acute, ratber broad, about as long- as the tube. Corolla nearlj ^ in.
long-, sliglitlj pubesceut outside, the tube long-er tban tbe caljx, tbe
upp^er li]) sliort, broad, concave, Avitliout tbe spreading- anterior lobes of
Anisandra, tlie lower lip tbree times as long-, watli broad lobes. Connec-
tive of tbe upper antbers dilated and bearded at tbe lower end.

■W. Australia, Drummond, n. 69 and 3rd coll. n. 195.

15. M. purpurea, li. Br. Prod. 502. A busbj or spreading- sbrul
of 2 to 3 ft., tbe brancbes and joung- sboots boarj-pubescent with shori
appressed hairs, tbe adult foliage often g-labrous. Leaves in whorls of
3, on verj sbort petioles, ovate, obtuse or scarcelj acute, with recurved
marg-ins, g-reen above, pale or boarj and long- retaining- tbeir pubescence
underneatb, rarelj above | in. long-. Flowers "purple" or " puce-
coloured," all axillarj and distant, on short pedicelswith minute bracts.
Caljx boarj-pubescent, 2^ to nearlj 3 lines long-, the teetb narrow, much
longer than the tube. Corolbi-tube sborter tban tbe cal^^x, tbe upper
lip not at all or scarcelj exceeding- tbe caljx-teetb, broad, concave, very
sbortlj lobed, tbe lower lip mucb long-er and spreading-. Connective of
tbe up])er antbers about as long" as tbe cell, tbe lower lobe verj sbort,
broad and bearded at tbe end. Nuts g'Iabrous. — Bentb. in DC. Prod.
xii. 5G9.

VT. Australia. Lucky Bay, R. Brown ; overlianging rocks, Cape Arid, Maxwell.
Some very biul spociniens of Drummoiid's in herb. F. Mueller, with shorter aiul more
oblon^:; leiives and a more compact inflorescence, may nevertheless possibly belong to this
Bpecies.

Westringia serpyllifolia, Bartl. in V\. Preiss. i. 362 ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 571,
from near JMount iVlanypeak ; Preins, n. 2312, of wliich I formerly saw a very imperfect
specimen in Herb.UC, and of wliich the corolla and stamens are uuknown, is most
probably the Microcorys purimrca.

Westnngiu.] xciii. labiaive. 127

10. WESTRINGIA, Sm.

Calyx campanulate, o-toothed. Coi-olla Avitli a sliort tuhe and dilated
throat; the upper lip erect hut flat and hroadlj 2-lohod, the lower
spreading', 3-kihed. Stamens 2 (the upper ones) perfect, the anthers
1-celled with a short sHg-htly prominent connective not produced helow
its insertion on the fihmient, the 2 lower stamens (or staminodia) sterile
and short, the anthers reduced to a small connective with 2 hnear or
linear-chivate parallel hranches. Style shortly hifid at the end. Nuts
reticidate-ruo-ose; attached to the middle or hig-her up. Seeds alhunii-
nous. — Shruhs. Leaves in whorls of three, four or rarely more, all en-
tire. Flowers all axilhiry or rarely in terminal leafy heads, with a pair
of hracts under tlie calyx usually very small and sometimes almost oh-
solete. CoroUa usually hairy inside the tuhe, especially at the insertion
of the stamens.

The genus is limited to Australia. Witli tlie exception of W. ce^yhalantha, the spocies
ave so closely allied, and run so niuch into eacli other as to render it exceedingly diffi-
cult to assign to them any tangible characters. The chief ditferences observed are in
the nuniber of leaves in the whorl, in the relative abundance or absence of the hoary
tomentum, and in the length of the teeth of the calyx, none of which are quite constant
in any one species. The corolla might perhaps in some instances supply better charac-
ters, but they can only be ascertained by the observation of living specimens; the want
of any concavity in the upper lip at once distinguishes the genus from Microcorys.
Flowers in globular terminal heads with bract-like floral leaves

not exceeding the calyx 1. W. cejjhalantha.

Flowers all in the axils of leaves not dififering from the stem
ones (distant or crowded at the ends of the branclies).
Leaves very white underneath, often not much revolute.
Calyx-teeth above half as long as the tube.
Leaves in threes, oblong-eUiptical, i to 1 in. long . . 2. TF. grandifolia.
Leaves in fours, oblong-lauceolate or linear, 4 to 1 in.

long 3. TF. ro.smariiiiformis.

Leaves in fours, 3 to 4 lines long 4. TF. brevifolia.

Leaves very much revolute, rigid. Calyx-teeth very short.

Leaves mostly in fours 5. TF. Dampieri.

Leaves mostly in threes 6. TT-^. rigida.

Leaves much revolute, rigid, iu fives or sixes. Calyxteeth

as long as thetube 7. TF. senifolia.

Leaves narrow-linear, slender, much revolute, mostly in

threes. Calyx-teeth as long as the tube 8. TF. eremicola.

Leaves not much revolute or flat, green on both sides as
well as the calyx.
Leaves in threes, Hnear, often above 1 in. long. . . . 9. TF longifolia.
Leaves in threes, oblong-elliptical or lanceolate, under 1

in. long 10. TT'; glahra.

Leaves in fours, oblong-elh'ptical or lanceolate, under ^

in. long 11 TT': rubiafolia.

1. W. cephalantha, F. Mudl. Fragm. vi. 110. An erect hushy
shruh, g-lahrous except the inflorescence. Leaves in whorls of 3 4 or
rarely 5, Hnear, ohtuse or almost acute, with revohite marg-ins, shining-
and hlack when dry, rarely exceeding- \ in., the floral ones passino-
into linear concave rather thin ciliolate hracts. Flowers sessile and

jog xciii. LAiiiAT.E. [Wcstri/if/ia.

solitary witliin oacli tioral lcaf, cuUectcd into densc globular terniinal
hoads of 3 or 4 lines diameter, the bract-Hke lioral leaves not exceeding
the c-alyxes and the real bracts usually wanting-. Calyx 1{ to l^ lines
h)n<^-, the teeth very obtuse, irreg-ularly sejDarating- to below the niiddle.
Corolhi pubescent outside, the tube about as long- as the calyx, the
upiK^r hibes erect and obovate, the lower ones spreading-, all flat obovate
and entire, or the middle lovver one emarginate. Stamens of Wcstriiif/ia,
excei^t that, at least in the tiowers examined, the anthers of the lower
]):iir (or staniinodia) are entirely abortive.

■W. Australia, Drummoml, Atli coll. n. 170 and 5th coll. suiipl. n. 76. Altliough
tlic iiiflorescence is so iiearly tliat of Jlicrocori/s caj)itata, tlie loliage and flowers are
very iliflerent.

L'. W. grandifolia, F. Muell. Herh. A tall shrub with the habit
and whito indumenttmi of W. rosmariniforinis. Leaves in whorls of 3,
ol)long--elliptical, ^ to 1 in. long-, the marg-ins slig-htly revolute, gTeen
above^ white underneath. Flowers all axillary. Calyx very white,
about 4 lines long-, the teeth nearly as long- as the tube. Corolla
])uboscent, nearly tliat of W. ro.vnariniformis, but the lobes appear to be
shortor and broader, and the upper lip rather shortor than the lower.

Queensland. Glasshouse niountains, F. 3Iueller, and probahly the same species
but thc speciincns not in flower, Biroa, Leiclihardt.

Y. Jlueller now proposes to reduce this to W. rosmariniformis, but the characters
appcar as distinct as those of most Wcstringice.

3. W. rosmariniformis, Sm. Tracts, 282, t. 3. A robust bushy
shrub of soveral ft., tlie branches underside of the leaves and calyxes
hoary or silvery-white with densely a|:)]iressed hairs. Leaves in whorls
of 4, oblong'-IanceoIate lauceolate or linear, acute or obtuse, | to 1 in.
long', coriaceous, glabrous and shining' on the u])per side, the marg-ins
more or less recurved or revolute. Flowers almost sessile, all axillary,
with short linear bracts. Calyx about 3 lines long-, the teeth acute,
varying' from half the leng-th to nearly the leng'th of tlie tube. Corolla
])uboscent outside, not twice as long- as the calyx, the uj^por li]) dee])Iy
2-lobed, oqual to or long-er than the tube, the lower li]) scarcely so
long-. Anthers of the staminodia witli 2 linear clavate parallel lobes.
Nuts glabrous, reticulate-rug-ose. — Benth in DC. Prod. xii. 570 j
U.Br. Prod. 501; Cunila fruticosa, WiM. Sj^ec. PI. i. 122 ; W. rosmu-
riiiacni, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 214.

N. S. MTales. Sandy hills near the sca coast, Port Jackson, li. Broicn, Sieher,
n. 2(10, and nthers ; northward to Port Macquarrie, Baclchorise, and southward to Cape
IIjwc, Mi)!isman.

4. W. brevifolia, Bcnth. Lah. Gcn. ct Sp. 459, and in DC. Prod. xii.
570. Very near W. rosmarinifonnis, with which F. Muellor proposos to
unite it, but it is a much smtdler j)lant and its short loaves and small
Howors give it a very different aspoct. Leaves in whorls of 4, oblong-
or olliptical-lanceolate, hoary or white underneath, usually 3 to 4 lines
long-, or in IIannaford's very luxuriant specimens about ^-"^in. Flowers
like those of W. rosmariniformis but much smaller, thc stamens usually

]Vrstri/>//iu.] X(lil. I.AIUAT.E. 129

more exserted. Calyx-teeth as iii that species abont half the leugth of
the tube or rather more. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 285, t. 91.
\ir. Australia. South of Launceston, Gunn, Hannaford.

5. W, Dampieri, li. Br. Prod. 501. A rigid biishy shrub usualh^
more scrubl)y than W. i'osmariniformis but attaining" several feet, the
young; shoots and under-side of the leaves often hoary, but less white
than in that species, sometimes the whole plant slig-litly but equally
hoary or altog-ether nearly green. Leaves in whorls of 4, or very rarely
of 3 on the side-branches, linear, mucli revohite, the uppor surface
smooth or scabrous, varying- in length but usually about |- in.
Flowers axillary, nearly sessile, about the size of those of W. rosnmrini-

formis, but the corolla more hirsute and the calyx with a striate tulje of
about 2 Hnes and tlie teeth whether narrow or broad always very short
and acute, usuallv not \ the leng-th of the tube. — Benth. in DC. Prod.
xii. 570 ; Bartl. m Pl. Preiss. i. 361 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 3308.

Tasmania. Peaks of Flinders island and between Huon river and Ojster Bay,
Milligan; Port Esperance, Oldjield; South Port, C. Stuart. The Tasmanian speci-
niens, however, although undistinguishable from several western ones of W. Dampieri,
nmy be onlj a 4-k'aved variety of W. angustifolia, Br., the common 3-leaved form of
whiih I am unable to distinguish from W. rigida.

W. Australia. King CTeorge's Sound and to the eastward, B. Brown, Baxter,
Drummond, n. 47 and bth coll. n. 342, Freiss, n. 2325, Maxwell.

6. W. rigida, R. Br. Prod. 601. A rigid bush}- scrubby shrub,
scarcely to be disting-uished from W. Dampieri by any constant charac-
ters. It varies also like that species in the indumentum, sometimes
hoary all over or g-reen all over, usually the young* shoots and imder-
side of the leaves only hoary and never so white as in W. rosmariniformis.
Leaves mostly in whorls of 3, but here and there of 4, hnear, obtuse
or mucronate-acute, rigidwith much revolute marg-ins, usually g-labrous
above when full-g-rown and either smooth and shining- or scabrous with
minute tubercles, varying- from scarcely 2 Hnes long- and thick and broad
in some specimens, to above ^ in. and more slender in others, with every
intermediate size. Flowers of W. Dampieri, with the same very short
teeth to the calyx, which varies from very hoary to quite green. —
Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 570 ; Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 361 ; W. grcvillina,
F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 169 and in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict.
i. 49.

Victoria. Avoca and Murray rivers, F. Mueller ; Wimmera, Dallachy.

Tasmania. See below, W. angustifolia.

S. Australia. Fowler and Petrel Bay, Waldegrave and Flinders islands, R. Brown;
Srtlt Creek, Behr.; Murray Creek to St. Vincent'8 Gulf, F. Mueller; Port Lincohi,
Wilhelmi.

TV. Australia, Drummond, n. 194, Harvey ; and rocky shores of Eottenest
Ishvnd, A. Cunningham, Preiss, n. 2309; Sharks Bay, Milne; Murchison river,
Oldjidd.

Tliis species differs generally from W. Dampieri in the shorter more rigid leaves in

whnrls of 3 only ; but none of theso characters are constant, the priraary branchcs

even of the most characteristic short leaved forms having occasionally the leaves in

fours, the sliort calycine teeth and the coronas are the same in both sptcies wljich

VOL. V. K

130 XCIII. LABIATiR. [Wcstriiiiiiu.

mio-ht wcU be iinitcd as siipgcstcd by F. Muellcr, in wliicli casc thc iianic of 11'.
Dampicri niight be given to the whole.

W. cincrea, E. Br. Prod. .501, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 570, only dilTers froni the
longer-leaved form of W. rigida in leing more hoary than usual, tlie plant figured
Bot. Mag. t. 3307 is still more hoary with the leaves longer than in any of the Conti-
nental wiid specimens.

W. anf/ustifolia, R. Br. Prod. 501, Benth. in I)C. Prod. xii. .071 ; Hook. f. Fl.
Tasm. i. '285, from the central and southern parts of Tasmania, B. Broicn and others,
does not appear to mc to difler in Ihe slightest dcgree from thc longer-leavcd conti-
nental spccimens of W. rigida; in S. and W. Australia, as in Tasmania, the leaves are
sometimcs veryscabrous sometimes qnite smooth. The specimens from betwcen Oyster
B<iy and lluon river, Jlilligan, and from the Mersey rivcr, C. iStuart, have the leaves
sometimes in threes sometimes in fours, thus still further connecting W. rigida with
W. Dampieri. F. Mueller refers them to W. rosmaritiiformis, bnt they liave all the
very short calyx-teeth of W. Dampieri. A few specimens of C. Stuart's have remaik-
ably long leaves, attaining almost 2 iuches.

7. W, senifolia, F. ]\htell. in Hook. Kcw Jonrn. viii. 169, and in
Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 49. An erect robust busliy slirub of 2 to 4 ft.,
more or less liirsute with wliite hairs, sometimes silky but looser and
long-er tban in the other species, occasionally wearing- off fi-om the
older leaves. Leaves crowded, in whorls of 5 or 6, hnear, acute or
almost obtuse, rig-id, the marg-ins much revolute, mostly about i in.
long-. Flowers axillary, sessile. Calyx-tul^e 1| or at leng-th 2 lines
long-, the teeth subulate-acuminate, nearly or quite as long- as the tube.
Corona sHg-htly pubescent outside, the lobes all nearly equal or tlie
middle lower one rather longer, and not very much exceeding- the
calyx-teeth.

Victoria. Mount Aberdeen, Bnffalo Range, F. Mueller.

Var. canescens. Shortly hoary, like W. rigida, bnt with tlie crowdcd whorls of 5 or
6 lcavcs, the long calyx-teeth and small corollas of W. senifolia.
W. Australia. Phillips river, Maxwell.

8. W. eremicola, A. Cunn. in Bcnth. Lab. Gcn. ct Sp. 469, and in
DC. Prod. xii. i3?l. A shrub of several ft. with erect often virgate
rather slender branches more or less hoary or silky-pubescent as well
as the leaves with appressed hairs, the okler foHage becoming- g-hibrous.
Leaves usually in whorls of 8, narrow-hnear, acute or mucronate, with
revohite margins, more slender than in the preceding- species and rarcly
above \ hi. long-. Flowers rather small, usually distant. Calyx hoary,
the tube about l^ Hnes long', the teeth subulate or rarely lanceolate-
subulate, as long- as or sometimes longer than the tube. Corolla pubes-
cent outside, smaHer than in any of the jireceding* species except W.
.wiifolia, tlie u])per Hp shorter than the middle lobe of the lower Hp and
not dee])ly lol)ed, the lobes all rather narrow and emarginate. — Bot.
:\Iag. t. ims ; W. loiif/ifoUa, Lindl. Bot. Ileg'. t. 1481, not of R. Br.

Queensland. Brisliane river, Morcton Bay, F. Mucller, C. Sluart.
N. S. Wales, Arid wastes on the Lachlan. A. Cunningham, Fraser.
Victoria. (iinoa andTowamba rivers, F. Mutller (included by hiniinFrngm. vi.
110, in ))'. longifvUa).

Var. ? quaterna. Leaves in whorls of 4. — Slioalhaven gullies, near Glenroch, Herb.
F. Mueller (the coilector not namcd).

Wt\s(rillt/i(i.] XCIII. LAIJIAT/E. l;il

9. W. longifolia, h'. Br. Prod. 501. An erect shrub of several
ft., without any of the hoary tomentum or hairs of the preceding" species
either on the foliag-e or calyxes and very rarely and only in a very
slight degree on tlie young- brauches. Leaves in wliorLs of 3, narrow-
linear, the margins soniewhat revohite or nearly flat, above \ in. and
mostly above 1 in. long-. FloAvers rather small, axiDary. Calyx-tube
1 to 1|- Hnes long-, r)-ribbed, green and smootli, the teeth hmceolate-
subuhite, usually al)out as long- as the tulje and often cihate. Corolla
pubescent outside, the tul)c exserted and usually exceeding- the calyx-
teeth, dihited upwards, tlie upper lip much shorter than the tube,
broadly 2-h)bed, the middle lobe of the lower lip much longer. Con-
nective of the perfect anthers very prominent and (in some specimens
at least) ahnost winged at the back. — Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 571 ;
ProsUaithcra liHcaris, Sieb. Pl. Exs., not of R. Br.

N. S. VTales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, B. Brown, Sieher, n. 180,
and many others.

10. W. glabra, R. Br. Prod. 501. A bushy shrub of 2 or 3 ft.,
quite glabrous or the young- branches slightly silky-pubescent, the
leaves on both sides and the calyxes quite green. Leaves in whorls of
3, shortly petiolate, from oblong-eniptical to hmceolate, from under
^ in. to nearly 1 in. long, acute or obtuse, flat or the margins shghtly
recurved, smooth and often shining- on the upper surface. Flowers of
TI'^. longifolia, the calyx-teeth usually lanceolate, about as long as the
tube. — I3enth. in DC. Prod. xii. 571 ; W. violacea, F. MuelL in Hook.
Kew Journ. viii. 169, and in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 49.

Queensland. Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown.
N. S. Wales. New England, C. Stuart.
Victoria. Near the Goulburn river, F. Mueller.

For the other stations mentioned by F. Mueller, Fragm. vi. 110, see Hemigenia
cuneifolia.

11. W. rubiaefolia, i?. Br. Prod. 501. A dense bushy shrub of 1
to 3 ft., quite ghabrous or the young branches pubescent. Leaves in
whorls of 4, oblong"-elHptical or lanceolate, mucronate-acute or
almost o])tuse, the margins usually slightly recurved, glabrous, smooth
and shining- above, paler but not hoary underneath. Flowers rnther
small, all axillary but usually crowded towards the ends of the
branches. Calyx green, the tube ribbed, scarcely above 1 line long-,
the teeth acute, nearly or quite as long as the tube. Corolla pubescent
like those of W. lonqifolia and W. glabra. — Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 571 ;
Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.'i. 285.

Tasmania. Derwent river, i?. Broivn ; abundant througliout the colony, ascending
to 3000 feet, /. D. Hooker.

Var.? suhsericea. Upper leaves and inflorescence silky-pubescent. Leavcs thick,
not at all revokite, 3 to 4 lines long. CoroUa nearly glabrous, tlie lobes apparently nar-
rower than in the typical forra. — Head of the Uoughis river, Millic/an.

This variety in some measure connects W. rubicefolia through W. brevifolia with
W. rosmariniformis, whilst, if the number of leaves in the whorl be neglected, W. rnbice-
folia passes through W. glahra and W. lovgifoHa into TT'". ercmicola and W. senifolia,

K 2

I^n XCIII. LAniAT.^E. [Wrstri/if/iit.

leavinff only IV. riijida and W. Dampieri to be distingui.shed by thc shortness of tho
calyx teeth.

Tribe VI. Ajugoideje. — Stamens 4, in pairs, exserted from the
verv short truncate or deeply slit upper lip of the corolla (except verv
rarelv in p-enera not Australian). Nuts prominently reticulate-rug-ose,
not pucculent, usually attached to near the niiddle. Seeds without
albiunen.

Some genera of tliis tribe approach very nearly to Vitex and its aUies in Vcr-
bcnaceae.

20. TEUCRIUM, Linn.

Calyx-teeth 5, equal or the upper one more frequently larger than
the others. Corolla-tube short, the 4 upper lobes nearly equal or the
2 uppermost larg-er, all 4 lateral, erect or declinate, the middle lower lobe
hirg-cr, obovate or oblong-, spreading- and usually concave. Stamens 4,
in pairs, exserted from between the upper corolhi-lobes and arched over
the corolhi. Anthers reniform, 1-celled by conHuence of the cells.
Style shortly bifid at the end. Kuts hiterally attached to near or to
above the middle, reticulate-rugose or rarely nearly smootli. — Herbs
undershrubs or slirubs, showing- considerable diversity in liabit and
inflorescence. Leaves entire, toothed or variously divided.

The genus is widely distributed over the temperate regions of the ghibe, chiefly in
the northern hemisphere, with a few tropical chiefly mountain species. The Austialiiin
Bpecics are all endemic, althoiigh in some measure allied, in some instances to S. African,
in others to Himalayan or Enropean species.

Peduncies longer than the calyx, 1- or more-flowered.

Plant hoary or white, rigid. Leaves mostly enlire. Peduncles

rigid, all 1-flowered 1. J". racemosum.

Plant green, nearly glabrous. Leaves mostly entire. Pedimcles

slendcr, all 1-flowered or the lower ones 3- or 5-flowered . . 2. T. integrifolium.
Phmt green, pubescent or vilh)us. Leaves toothed or cut or the

uppcr ones cntire. Peduncles slender, 3- or more flowered . 3. T. corymhosum.
riowcrs sessile or nearly so.

Fiowers all axiliary. Leaves narrow, 3-lobed. Corolla two upper

lobes twice as large as the next pair 4. T. fiUlohum.

Flower.s in more or lcss lealy spikes. Leaves mostly 3- or 5-Iobed.

Corolla lateral lobes as large as the upper pair b. T. sessiliflorum.

Flowers in terminal spikes. Leaves toothed or rarely lobid. Co-

rolla with all 4 upper lobes small and distant Q. T. argut%im.

1. T. racemosum, I{. Br. Prod. 504. A perennial or undershrub
with a woody routstock and erect rig-id more or less branched stems,
from 0 in. to above 1 ft. hig-h, hoary or white as well as the fohag-e and
intlorescence, with a close minute tomentum scarcely wearing- otf from
the upper surface of the older leaves. Stem-leaves linear-lanceolate
or oblong-linear, obtuse, entire or very rarely 3-lobed, contracted into
a sliort ])etiole, from under \ in. to above 1 in. long-, the marg-ins some-
times recurved and occasionally unduhite-crisped ; the lower' leaves in
some specimens 3 togetlier on each side of the stem ; the upper and
floral ones g-radually smallcr, more sessile, broader at the base, the

Tcucrium.] XCIll. LABIAT.E. 133

uppenaost very sinall. Pedunclos all l-tlowered, rigid, spreading-, us
long- as or long-er tlian tlie floral leaf, tbrming- a stiff terminal more or
loss loafy raceine. Calyx 2 to t2| lines long-, the teetli nearly equal, as
long- as or long-er than the tube. Corolla-limb sparing-ly hirsute out-
side, the 4 upper h)bes in hiteral pairs, all nearly equal oblong* and
erect, the middle lower one twice as long". Nuts more or less pubes-
cent, tlie adnate part of the inner face very hard. — Benth. in DC. Prod.
xii. 67G.

Queensland. Iii the inteiior, JUitchell; ArmadilUi, Barton ; Curriwillighie,
Dalton.

N. S. 'Wrales. Swampy flats on the liachlan river, A. Cunningham ; Upper Hunter
river, WooUs ; from the Lachlan and Darling to the Barrier Range, Victorian and
other Expeditions.

Victoria. On the Murray, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Murray river and St. Viiicenfs Gulf, F. Mudler and others ;
Spencer'8 Gulf, B. Brown, Wilhelmi ; in the interior, M'Douall SluarCs E.rpedition ;
towards Cooper's Creek, Hoicitfs E.rpedition.

TV. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield, Drummond, Gth coll. n. 143.

Var. tripartitum, F. Muell. Flowers and leaves very small, the lower leaves three
together on each side of the stem, perhaps single tripartite leaves, for here and thero
there is a trifid one, hut mostly the three are quite distinct from the hase. — Murray
river, E. Muellcr.

2. T. integrifolium, F. Mucll. Hcrb. An erect perennial of 6 in.
to 1 ft., with the habit of some forms of T. racemosum, with which F.
Mueller now unites it, but not so rigid and without any of the white
tomentum so constant in that species, the calyx and young- shoots very
rarely slightly pubescent or hirsute and the corolla usually hirsute out-
side, the rest of the plant g-labrous. Leaves lanceolate oblong* or
almost linear, the lower ones petiolate and ^ to 1 in. long-, the upper
lloral ones smaller and more sessile, all entire. Peduncles much more
slender than in T. raccmosum, but mostly shorter than the leaves, the
upper ones aiid sometimes all 1-flowered, the lower ones often 3- or 5-
flowered as in T. corymhosum. Nuts pubescent.

N. Australia. Dry lagoons, Arnhem's Land, Hooker"s Creek, F. Mufller.

Queensland. In the mi^-nov, Mitchell; Bowen river, Botoman ; Flinders river,
Sutherland; Suttor river, Dorsay ; Armadilla, Barton; CmTiwillighie, Dalton.

This species closely connects T. racemosum and T. corymbosum, being as near to
the one as to the othcr, and, as appears to me, cannot well be referred to either without
uniting all three into oiie.

3. T. corymbosum, i?. Br. Prod. 504. An erect perennial, not
usually much branched, from under 1 ft. to 3 ft. hig'li, pubescent with
verv short hairs passing- sometimes into a hoary tomentum on the under
side of the leaves ; thin leaves mostly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, irreg-u-
larly and deeply toothed or lobed, contracted into a distinct petiole,
more or less rug-ose, gTeen on both sides or hoary underneath, 1 to 1|
in. long", passing- into smaller, narrower and less cut floral leaves, which
are sometimes as well as the upper stem ones all entire or slig'htly
toothed, or all the leaves are oblong- or broadly lanceolate and more
reg-ularly toothed^ or all are rather broad and deeply lobed. Peduncles

];{4 xciii. lahiat.t:. [Tnirrim/i.

sloiulor shoiter ov hjiij^xn- tlian the k'aves, beariiiy a loose cvnie of 3 to
7 or rarelv niore ilowers, usually rather smaller tlian in T. racemosam,
but soinetinies at least as larg-e, otherwise the same as in that species,
tlie calyx-tectli nearly equal and as long- as or long-er than the tube,
the 4 upper lobes of the corolla nearly equal and oblonji-, tlie middle
lower one twice as long-. jNuts pubescent. — Benth. iu DC. Prod. xii.
^^77, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 285 j Scopuria mistrulis, Sieb. in Schult. Syst.
iii. Mant. GG ; Anisomeles australis, Spreng-. Syst. Cur. Post. 220.

N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Broicn, Sieber, n. 184,
aiul others ; northward to Chirence and Hastings rivers, BecJcler ; New England, C.
Stuart.

Victoria. Yarra-Yarra, Eoherlson ; Latrobn, Avoii, Snowj and Macalister rivers,
F. Jludler.

Tasmania. Not uncommon in dry phices in various parts of the colony, /. D.
Hooher.

S. Australia. Beds of creeks and rocky liills, Wulpena, Baruhi, Crystal Brook,
F. Mudler ; I.ake GilHes, i?M7'A;i7i; Mount Kearle, Warhurton.

Var. ? hirmtum. Tiie whole plant viscid and hirsute with rather long spreadiTig
liairs. Leaves rather large, contracted into a very short petiole or quite sessile. Cymes
loose, several liowered. Perhaps a distinct species.

Queensland. Jlountain tops near llocklianipton, Bowinan, 0' Shancsi/ ; Liverpool
Eange, Jjtichliardt.

T. lanceolutum, Benth, Lab. Gen. et Sp. 606 and in DC. Prod. xii. 576, from Bathurst,
A. Cunninyham, is founded on luxuriant flowering branches of T. coryinhosiim, of which
thc lower leaves are wanting and the upper ones are all lanceolate and entire, or slightly
todthod.

T. petrophilum, F. Muell. in Linnaea, xxv. 426 from South Australia is founded on
stout speciinens of T. coryrnhosum, ratlier more hoary than usual.

4. T. fililobum, F. Mitell. Ilrrh. Apparently slirubby, with diffiise
or erect branched stems of 6 in. to 1 ft., pubescent with very sbort
spreading- liairs. Leaves rather crowded, deeply divided into 3 or
rarely 0 narrow-linear lobes witli revolute margins, the whole leaf
rarely above | in. long-, the floral ones similar. Flowers rather larg-e,
solitary in the axils, nearly sessile or on pedicels rarely exceeding- 1
line. Calyx broadly campanulate, green, slig-htly pubescent, about 3
lines long-, the teetli subulate-acuniinate or very acute, as long- as the
tube. Corolla pubescent outside, the 2 upper lobes broad aud very
obtuse, the 2 hiteral ones much sinaller, the middle lower lobe again
larg-er. Nuts g"hibrous or scarcely pubescent.

W. Australia, Druinmond, n. 65, 2nd coll. n. 213, -ith coH. n. 169; Puttinirup,
Maxirdl.

Dnimmond's speciinens, n. 65, were referred by De Vriese (GoodenovieiB, p. 183) to
LescJienauhia tuhiflura, and so named by him in Ilerb. Hooker.

5. T. sessiliflorum, Brnth. in DC. Prod. xii. 580. A perennial, with
asce.'iding- or erect slig-htly branched stems under 0 iu. bigh, glabrous
or sHghtly pubescent as well as tlie foliag-e, the inflorescence usually
hirsute. Leaves oblong--cuneate or linear-cuneate, 3- or 5-lobed, the
lobes either sliort and broad or long- and linear, tlie margins usually
recurved and the primary veins prominent underneatli, usually con-
tractcd into a liroad j^etiole and varying- in longtb from .V in. to above

Trucriiim.^ XCllI. hAniXTM. 1 ;j.'")

1 iii., tlie tloral ones sliort, broad and sessile, distaut or close and ini-
bricate, usnally tootlied only at the end. Flowers small, in dense or
interrupted terminal leafy spikes, each one solitary in the axil of the
lloral leaf and sessile. Calyx hirsute, about 2 lines long-, the teeth
crpuil short and broad. Corolhi lobes ouly shortly exceediny the calyx.
— T. trifidiim, Schleeht. Linntea, xx. 009, not of lietz.

Victoria. Murray river, F. Macller ; Wimmera, BuUacJii/.

S. Australia, Behr. ; Hocl^y Creek aiid head of Spencer's'Gulf, F. Mueller ; VeiiDa
Bay, Warhurton.

W. Australia, Drummond, 2nd coll. n. 211.

0. T. argutum, li. Br. Prod. GO-i. A perennial, with erect simple
or slig'htly branched stems of 6 in. to 1 ft., the whole plant pubescent
or hirsute but g-reen. Leaves on rather slender petioles, ovate-lanceolate
(jr ovate, sometimes hastate, reg-ularly serrate or crenate, or rarely less
reg'ularly toothed or lobed, more or less rug-ose, mostlv from | to 11- in.
loug", tlie iioral ones reduced to small lanceolate or rarely ovate per-
sistent bracts. Flowers not very constantly opposite, sessile or sliortlv
pedicellate, in loose or dense terminal spikes. Calyx 2 to 3 lines long',
the teeth aciite, shorter than tlie tube, the upper ones especially tlie
nppermost one rather broad, the 2 lowest narrow. Corolla with the 4
npper (lateral) lobes very small acute and distant, the middle lower
lobe mucli larg-er and obovate. Nuts g-labrous. — Benth. in DC. Prod.
xii. 584.

Queensland. Gilbert river, F. Mueller; Port Denison, Fitzalan, Dallachy ; Rock-
ingham Bay, Dallachy ; Rockhampton, 0'SJtanesy, Dallachy ; Nerkool Creek and
Biiwen river, Bowmaii ; Moreton Bay, BacJchou.se; near Monnt Owen, Mitcliell.

N. S. AVales. Hawkesbury river, R. Broivn ; Nepean river, Woolh ; Tvveed and
Eichmond river.s, C. Moore ; New Enghmd, C. Stiiarb ; M'Leay and Clarence rivers,
BecJcler (the latter with smaller leaves and flowers).

Var. incisa. Leaves small, mostiy lobed. — Dawson river, F. MuelUr ; Darling
Downs, Lau ; Armadilla, Barton.

21. AJUGA, Linn.

Calyx-teeth 5, equal. Corolla-tube short or loug-, the upper lij) very
short, truncate or emarginate, the lower lip long* and spreading-, the
lateral lobes oblong-, small, the middle lobe much larger, emarginate or
biiid. Stamens 4, in pairs, exserted from tlie upper lip and arched
over the corolla ; anthers reniform, 1-celled by the coutiuence of the
cells. Style shortly bifid at the end. Nuts laterally attached to near
or above the middle, reticulate-rug-ose. — Herbs, usually dilfuse or ascend-
ing' or witli spreading- radical leaves and shortly erect stems. Flowers
in false-whorls in the axils of Horal leaves gradually smaller than the
stem-leaves, the upper ones sometimes forming* terminal leafy spikes.
Bracts linear, or very small or none.

The genus is widely dispersed over the extratropical regions of tlie Old World, auil
chiefly in the mountain districts within the tropics, but wanting in Ainerica. The two
Australian species, as usually defined, are endemic, one of them however scarcely to be
distiriguished from a commou uorlhern one.

1,'{<; XCIJI. I.AIJIAT.K. Ajll(J(l.

Flcial lcavcs entire or willi very few coarse fcetli, and snialler nr

narrower than tlie Howerless oncs. Flowers 5 lines to 1 in. iong . ]. A. amtral.s.

Florai icavcs iil<e tlie steni oncs, ov.ite, deepiy sinuate-tootlied and ru-

gose. Fiowers not exceediiig 3 lines 2. A. siiiuata.

1. A. australis, If. Br. Prod. 503. A perennial, more or less pu-
bescent or villous, witliout stolones, with erect or ascending- simple
stems from "2 ov '^ in. to above 1 ft. long-, flowering" nearly from the base.
Leaves chielly radical, obovate or oblong-, coarsely toothed, contracted
iuto a long- petiole, often 3 to 4 in. and sometimes still long-er ; lower
iloral leaves nearly similar or smaller and narrower, passing* iuto sessile
oblong or lanceohite entire ones, all long-er than the ilowers or the
iipper ones very small. Flowers bhie, nearly sessile, in false whorls of
from about 0 to above 20, exceeding-ly varialjle in size. Bracts Huear,
the outer ones sometimes as long* as the calyx, the inner ones or nearly
all very small or obsolete. Calyx villous or nearly glabrous, from about
2 Hnes to nearly 4 lines long*, the teeth acute, shorter than the tube.
Corolla-tube from the length of the calyx to twice as long", always
with a transverse ring" of hairs inside above the ovary, the upper lip
truncate or emarginate, sometimes exceeding'ly short, in some of the
larg-er flowers nearly 1 hne long-, but always twice as broad as long-,
and never long-er than the space between the base of the lower hp and
the hiteral lobes ; the middle lobe of the lower lip usually long-er than
tlie tube. Nuts giabrous. — Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 59? ; Hook. f.
FL Tasm. i. 286 ; A. diemenica, Benth. Lab. Gen. et Sp. 695 and in DC.
Prod. xii. 597 ; A. virgata and A. tridentata, Benth. Lab. Gen. et Sp.
700, 701 ; and in DC. Prod. xii. 601, 602.

Queensland. Keppel Baj', R. Broicn; Percy isles, A. Cunnlnghani ; Port Curtis,
M' Gillivray ; Rockingiiani Bay and Koclihampton, DaUachy aud others ; Moreton Bay,
C. Stuart ; .Mount Faraday, Mitchell.

N. S. Vt^ales. Port Jaclcson to the Blue Mountains, i?. Broicn and otliers ;
I.achlan river, A. Cunningham ; from thence and the l)arling to the Barrier
Hange, Victorian and other B.ipeditio7is ; iiew Enghind, C. Stuart ; Hastings, Macleay
and Ciarence rivers, BecMer and others.

Victoria. Near Melbourne, Adamson; Yaria, Broken and Murray rivers, F. Muelhr;
^Vimmera, Dallacliy ; mouth of the Glenelg, AUitt ; Baliarook Forest, Creswick,
Whan.

Tasmania. Common in damp meadows, &c. throughout the colony, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. From tlie Miirray to St. Vincent's Gulf, F. Mueller and others ;
Mount Searle, Warlurton ; Kangaroo island, Waterhouse.

The cliaracters on which I had formerly, from the examination of few and some of
them very iinperfect spsciniens, distinguished four species distributed into two
sections, have eutirely broken down by the comparison of tlie numerous specimens now
before me, compri.sed iu above eighty sheets, from a great variety of statious, and all
must evidenlly be nferred to a Kingle species, not separable from the nortliern A.
gfewemis/s by any marked characters^but diiiering chiefiy in the greater development
of tlie tloral leaves, which are narrower more herbaceous and less toolhed tlian in A.
geneeensis. and never broad and imbricate as in A. ]}yramidalis. In some of the
Australian va ii-ti s the flowerless leave- are almost entirely radical, iarge and on long
petioles, and the floral leaves lanceolate or oblong. scarcelytoothed and not twice as
long as tlie tlow.-rs ; in otliers there are a few flowerless leaves at tlie base of the stems
forming a gradual passage Irom the radical to tiie lloral ones wiiich are ail several times
as loug as the flowers. Tlieu as to size and iudumentnm, eome specimens Irom the

AjlU/a.] XCIII. LABIAT^. L">r

iiitfiiipr of N. S. Wales aiul frum S. Austnvlia are vcry lidary-villoiis ail ovcr, witli
radiunl leaves 6 in. loiig and robust stems of above 1 ft., the ilowers tliemselves iieaily
1 iu. long ; otliers Iwth from the North aiul the South have the Howers scarcely 5 liiics
loiig, tiie commoii size beiiig bctween these two extremes, with every degree of viliosity
froni almost glabruus iu some Tasmanian ones to tiie ahove-mentioiied exceedingly
villous ones. 'J"he very inditferent specimen whieh I had published as A. viryula
appears to be a long drawu-up Howering stem of an old plaiit not otlierwise difJeriiig
from a form which iiow proves to be frequent. A. tridentata, with a similar liabit but
still more drawn oiit aiid less villous, has all the fl(>ial leaves broadly sessile, ovate and
dee[)ly Stoothed or 3-lobcd, which give a very ditVerent aspect to the plant, but thcse
characteis are not as yet coiitinned hy any more perfect specimens.

2. A. sinuata, F. Br. Prod. 603. A low ditfuse inucli-brancbed
hirsute perennial, not exceeding- 6 in. Leaves ovate or oblong-, dee})!}'
and irreg'ubirly sinuate-toothed, the radical ones on rather hnig- petiok's,
1 to 8 in. lonji', the iloral ones on shorter petioles, i to | in. long-, but
all rug'ose aiul promiuently and obtusely toothed Hke the radical ones.
Flowers not 3 Hnes long-, about G in the whorl. Calyx hirsute. Corolhi
upper hp not exeeeding- the calyx-teeth. — Benth. in DC. Prod. xii.
698.

N. S. ^Vales. Hunter's river, E. Broion ; Macleay river, Herb. F. Mxieller.

The species is nearer to the Hinialayan ^4. 2Jorw///ora than to any other, the habit the
floral leaves and the very small flowers prevent its union with A. avstralis, unless the
whole of the section Bmjula frora Europe, Asia, Airica aiul Australia, with the excep-
tion of A. lohata, A. reptans, and A. orientalis, be joiued together under the Linnseau
name of J.. genevensis.

Order xciv. PLANTAGINE^.

Flowers reg-ular. Sepals 4. Corolla small, scarious, with an ovate
or cyHndrical tube anti 4 spreading- lobes, imbricate in the bud.
Stamens 4, or rarely fewer, inserted in the tube of the coroHa and al-
ternate with its lobes, usually long* ; anthers !2-celled, the cells parallel,
opening- long-itudinally. Ovary free, 1- 2- or 4-celled, with one or more
ovules in each cell. Style simple, terminal, entire, with 2 opposite
longitudinal stig-matic lines. Capsule opening- transversely or indehis-
cent. Seeds peltate, laterally attached, albuminous. Embryo straight
or slig-htly curved, parallel to the hilum. — Herbs with radical tufted or
spreading' leaves, rarely branched and leaty. Flowers in heads or
spikes or rarely solitary, on leaHess axillary peduncles, each one sessile
within a small bract.

A smoU Order, widely spread over the globe, but chiefly in the temperate regions of
'the Oid World. The only Australian genus is the principal one of the Order, whicli,
besides that one, only contains two others, both nionotypic, one from the mountains of
S. America, the otlier Europeau and aquatic, both of them veiy auomalous.

1. PLANTAGO, Linn.

Flowers hermaphrodite, in heads or spikes. Stamens 4. Capsule 2-
or 4-celled ; the other characters those of the Order.

The geographical range of the genus is the same as that of the Order. Anioiig tlie
Australiau ones, besiJes ihose that are introJuced, (jne extenJs to New ZealauJ anJ

1;1S XCIV. l-LANT.Uil.NK.T:. [l>lant(U/,>.

tlio Aiitaiviic islauds, aiul i^t.ssibly to tlie cxtratropical mountaiiisof Soutli Amcrica; llie
otliers, as lar as hitlierto ascertained, are all endemic, but tlie discrimiiiatioii of some
of the very variable spccies of tbe gcnus is as yet vcry far from bciiig satisfiictorily
carried oiit. Tlie characters derived from tlie exserted or included stylcs or stamens
liHve been .sbown by A. Gray to be dimorpliic or subscxual and not specific, and tbere
remains often little to be rclicd upon bnt tbc sliape of tlie leaves, the density of inflo-
rescence, tbe size of tbe flowers and similar eminently variable differences.

Ovary 2-cellcd with 1 ovule in eacb ccll. Floweis in vcry dense

ovate or broadly oblong spikes or heads l. P.lanceolata.

Ovary appnreiitly 4-celled, witb 1 ovule in cacb cell (2-celled, witb
2 ovules in eacb cell separated by spurious disscpiments).
Flowers dosely appressed in nairow cylindrical spikes .... 2. P. coronopus.
Ovary 2-ccllcd, witb 2 ovuks iu cach ccll witbout spurious disse-

piments.
Spikes vcry slender, intcrrupted Flowers small. Leaves usually

rather broad. Calyx not exceeding f line 3. P. clehiUs.

Spikes rigid, not very close, above 1 in. long (exccpling dcpaupe-

rated spccimcns with few flowers). Leaves usually narrow.

Calyx 1 to 14 lines long . -4. P.varia.

Spikes dcnse, cylindrical, 4 to 1 in. long, the buds closely imbri-

cate. Leaves ratber broad, vilbms ou botli sides b. P. antarcticu.

Spikcs dense, ovoid-oblong or cylindrical, under f in. long.

l.eaves usually broad and rather thick. Flowcrs glabrous.

Corolia-lobes narrow 6. i'. tasmcmica.

Ovary 2-ccllcd, w-ith 2 superposed pairs of ovules in each cell.

Dwaif alpine plants with tbick leaves, the flowers in heads of

2 to 6 or solitary.
liCavcs 4 to 14 in. long., rosulate on a short thick stock . . . 7. P. Brownii.
Leaves not above \ in. long, the fresh ones rosulate at tbe ends

of the slender branches of a densely tufted stock covered with

the remains of old leaves 8. P. Gunnii.

Besides the above, P. major, Linn. ; Dcne. in DC. Prod. xiii. i. 694, a common
European weed, with broadly-ovate large lcaves, long cyliudrical spikes, and the ovary
2celled, with nsiially more than 2 superposed pairs of ovulcs in each cell, has esta-
blislied itsclf between Bridgcwater and New Norfolk in Tasmania {Herb. F. Mueller).

1. P. lanceolata, JJnn.; Dcnc. in DC. Prud. xiii. i. 714. Stock
usuully luore or less woolly or silky-huirv. Leaves radical, lanceolate
or oljloiio--lauceolate, acute, entire or luiuutely and obscurely toothed,
coutracted at the base, niore or less hairy or i>-labrous. Scapes long-.
Flowers iu a close deuse ovate spike or head, ofteu becoutiug- oljloug- when
old. Lower sepals usually uuited ahuost to the top. Uvary iJ-celled
with only oue ovule in each cell.

Very common iii Kuropc and tcmperate Asia and now established in many parts of
Victoria and Tasmania.

Var. eriophi/lla, Dcne. l.c. 715. Leavcs aud sometimes the inflorescence more or
lcss densely covered witli long silky-woolly hairs.

Victoria. Yarra-Yarra and Forest Creek, F. Mueller ; heath ground near Porth^^nd,
Barchii/.

2. P. coronopus, Linti. ; Dcnr. iii DC. Prod. xiii. i. 73*2. Plaut
more or less hirsute. Leaves radical, liuear, acute, entire or piuuatifid
with liuear lobos, which are themselves sometimes deeply toothed or
])iuiKititid. k5ca})es usually uuder 0 iu. loug-. Spikes deuse and cylin-
drical but narrow, ^ to 2 iu. long-, the llowers closely imbricate when

J'/(nif(t//0.] XCIV. }'LA\TA(iI\F..T:. l-)'.'

(Irv, the '2 upper sop:ils witli itroniiuont soarious usually ciliate keels or
wiujivs. Ovarv ap})arently -i-celled witli one ovule iu eacL cell, but
really !?-oolleil only, witli a spurious dissepiment between the two col-
lateral ovules reacliiui>- to but not coliering- watli tlie wall of the cell,
the capsule often only 1- or i?-seeded by abortiou.

Victoria. Portlaiid, Allitt.

Tasmania. lioailsides, Geovge Town, Pertli, &<•., Gunn and others.

S. Australia. Holdlast Bay, F. Jlucller.

W. Australia. iSwau river, Drummond, n. 225.

^er}' cominou in temperate regioos of" the nortliern hemisphere in the Old World,
especially in niaritime or in sandy districts, and theiice probably iutroduced into
Australi.i.

•5. P. debilis, 7)'. Br. Prod.4:'25. Yeryuear P. ?•«/•/«, and accordinji,-
to F. Mueller ouly a variety of that species. Stock without any or with
onlv a fow long- woolly hairs between the leaves, the foliage and inllo-
rescence hirsute or nearly «•labrous. Leaves radical, oblong' or
lauceolate, entire or toothed, usually broader and shorter than in F.
varia. Scapes very slender, from 2 or 3 in. to 1 ft. high, the flowers
all distant w^Iien fully out, and much smaller than in F. v/iria, forming
a slender interrupted spike ofteu occupying^ above half the scape.
Calyx uot exceeding' | line wdien in fruit and still smaller at the time
of floAvering-, the opaque centre of the sepals with a few appressed hairs
or more frequeutly g^labrous. Ovar}- 2-ceIIed, with 2 collateral ovules
in each cell. Ca})sule with 4 or fewer seeds. — Dcne. in DC. Prod. xiii. i.
701.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, C. Stuart; ArmaJilla,
liartjn.

N. S. Wales. Blue Mouutains, R. Brown, WooUs; New Eugland, C. Stuart;
Hastings, Ciarence, and Macleay rivers, Beckler.

Victoria. Taralgin Creek and Hobson's Creek, F. Mueller.

P. Cunningliamii, Dcne. iu DC. Prod. xiii. i. 702, from a single leaf preserved in the
Hdokeriaii herbarium, is probably this species ; Cnuningiiam's original specimen appeara
to have remaiued in the herbarium of the Paris Museum.

4. P. varia, P. Br. Prod. 424. A perennial often flowering- the
lirst year so as to appear annual, but forming" ultimately a thick stook
with the membranous dilated imbrioate bases of the leaves enveloped
in long- reddish brown woolly or silky hairs sometimes verv copious,
in other specimens very few or scarcely any. Leaves all radical, erect
or rosulate, usuallv lanceolate or linear-lanceol-ate, entire or bordered
by a few teeth, with 1, 3 or 5 nerves prominent underneath, contracted
into a long- petiole, more or less hirsute, the whole leaf under 2 in. iu
some specimens, 6 in. to 1 ft. long' in others and varying" occasionally
but rarely to ovate-lanceolate, more frecpiently to linear. Scapes long-er
thau the leaves, bearing- in the upper portion a rather dense or more
or less interrupted spike from 1 to 3 or 4 in. long', more or less
hirsute, with short or long^ hairs more appressed thau on the leaves ;
in starved specimens grown in very dry places, the spikes are sometimes
reduced to very few^ or even only 2 or 3 flowers clustered at the end of
a short scape. Calyx sessile within a bract rather shorter aud narrower

1-10 XCIV. l>LANTAGlM-..i:. \l'lant(U/o.

tliau tlie sepals aiul iiot at all or very uarrowly scarious ou the iuargiii.s.
iSenals all tree, 1;^ to li liues loug-, obtuse with broad scarious uiargius,
the ceutre ojiacjue, from copiously hirsute to quite g4abrous. Corolhi-
tube about as loug- as tlie calyx, lobes ovate, usually broad, acute or
ahuost obtuse, much imbricate in the bud, oue entirely outside aud tlie
opposite one entirely inside. Ovary :2-celled with 2 collateral ovules in
each cell. Capsule shortly conical at the top or obtuse, circumsciss,
ripening' all four seeds or sometimes only one or two of them. — Dcne.
in DC. Prod. xiii. i. 701 ; Kees in Pl^ Preiss. i. 490 ; Hook. f. Fl.
Tasm. i. 302 ; F. deMlis, Nees in Pl. Preiss. i. 491, not of R. Br.

Queensland. In the iiiterior, Mitchell.

N. S. Wales. Chieliy iu the interior, Morley's pLains, A. Cunningham ; Darling
river, Woolls ; Luchlan and Darling rivers to the 13arrier Range, Victorian and othcr
JHxpeditions ; northward to Clarence river anJ Mount Mitchell, Beckler ; New EnglanJ,
C. Stuart.

Victoria. 1'ort PhilHp, R. Brovm ; Wendu Vale, Robertson; near Melbourne,
Adamson; theiice to the Avoca, Murray, and Ovens rivers, F. Mueller ; Wimmera,
Dullachji.

Tasmania. Port Dalryniple aud Derwent rlver, B. Brown ; abundant everywhere
in the colony, J. D. Hoohtr.

S. Australia. Murrav river to St. Vincent's and Spencer's Gulfs, F. Jlueller and
others; in the interi .r to Cooper's Creek, Wheeler; Kangaroo island, Waterhouse.

V^. Australia. King CTeorge"8 Sound to Swan river, Drammond, n. 224, '6\)3, 714,
738, Freiss, n. 1968, 1970, OlJjield and others , Murchison river, Oldjidd.

The variations of this pulyruorphons species are so complicated that I have been un-
able to assigii theni any dehnite limits as to characters or to geographical range, and it
•would appear that no less than ten of the supposed species enumerated by Decaisne
should be inchidcd in it, the characters derived from supposed duration, frum minutitie
in the form and liairiness of the sepals and bracts, and Irom the breadth and acuteness
of the coroiLi-h)bes having entirely broken down. The typical F. varia has the woolly
hairs at the base of the ieaves copious, the sepals not very obtuse and hisi.id on the
opaque centre and extends over the whole range of the species. It would iuclude Nees's
F. debilis or F. exilis, Dcne. in DC. Prod. xiii. i. 702, F. runcinata, Dcne. l.c. 702 and
F. corisanrpiinea Dcne. l.c. 703.

F. hispida of most authors, but scarcely of Brown, has the long hairs or so-called
beard at tlie base of tlie lcaves few or none, the sepals broad and obtuse, quite glabrous
or slightly hispid on the opaque centre. It is also fouud at ahi ost all the habitats of
the typieal form and wnuld include F. Mitchelli and F. Drummondii, Dcne. l.c. 701,
and also, from the character eiven, F. Gaudichaudii, Barn. Monogr. Plantag. 15; Dcne.
l.c. 702.

F. struthiovis, A. Cunn. ; Dcne. l.c. 702, and F. sericophylla, Dcne. l.c. 702, both
founded on indifferent N. S. Wales specimens of Cunningham's, appear to be luxuriant
states of tlie species, with the glabrous or slightiy hispid sepals of the preceding form,
but with rather more woolly hair at the base of the leaves and tlie leaves and scapes
drawn out to nearly 1 ft. in length, the leaves of F. struthionis being rather broader than
in P. s^ricophylla.

Starved specimens of both the above principal forms occur, especially in Victorian and
Tasnianian coiiections, witli the f-pikes reduced to very few ilowers almost collected inlo
heads, but not so compact as in F. tasmanva and u.sually with the appearance of
annuals. It is probably to one of these that belongs the F. bellidioides, Dcne. l.c. 701,
descriljed from a Tasmaniau specimen of Gunn's, but which I have uot prccisely ideu-
tified.

F. hispida, R. Br. Prod. 425, from tlie seacoast, Port Dalrymple, is a small very
his])id forni witli the narrow hispid calyxes of tlie typical form but witb rather smaller
flowirs aiid wiihout the long woolly hairs at the base of the leaves. It passes into tho
following : —

riuntaf/o.] xciv. it.antaiu .VK.E. 141

Ynr. ? parrijlora. Sniallir iii all i(s parts tiian P. rari'a, biit otherwise closely re-
sembling tlie typical forni with narrow ieaves and iiirsute fiowers. Spiices cylindrical,
ratber dent-e or loose, i to 1 in. long or rathcr moro. SepaJs rather ab ive 1 linu long,
the opaqiie centre usually liirsute. Capsnie witii a conical end exceeding the calyx and
ionger than in other varieties of this species. — N. S. Wales and more frequently in Vic-
toria, also Kangaroo i.sland. E. Brown. — Perhaps a distinct specics and in some measure
connecting P. varia witli P. debilis.

It is very possible tlial the stndy of ihe different forms thus included in P. varia on
tlie living plants by local botanists, who wonld bestow on them tbe tinie and patience
that lias been ilevoted to European Riibi, Batracldan Banunculi, &c., might point ont
several permanent races, of which dried speciniens without indication of the circum-
stances of their grow-th give no indication.

5. P. antarctica, Doir. in I)C. Prod. xiii. i. 703 ? Hook.f. Fl. Tasm.
i. 303. Stock usually ■\voolly-hairy at tlie base of the leaves. Leaves
radical, broadly lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire, with
broad petioles, villous on both sides like the villous specimens of P.
tasmanica, but usually larg-er. Spikes dense and cylindrical althoug-h
narrower than in P. tasmanica, | to above 1 in. long', the buds very
closely imbricate in several rows, Bracts and sepals cpiite glabrous or
rarely with a few marginal cilia.

Victoria. Cobra niountains, F. Mucller (rather donbtful).

Tasmania. Marsbes of St. Patrick's river, Gunn; South Esk river, O. Stuart.

I bave seen but very few specimens, and with J. D. Hooker do not feel certain of
thiir correct identification with Verreaux's Tasmanian plant described by Decaisne.
Tbe flowers are smaller and the spikes niore dense tban in P. varia, the Ibliage is nearer
that of P. tasmanica, and it appears to differ from both in the close imbricaiion of the
buds before expanding.

6. P. tasmanica, Hook.f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 276, and Fl. Tasni.
i. 303. A small alpine species. Leaves radical, rosulate, oblong- or
oblong'-lanceolate or sometimes almost obovate, more rarely narrow-
lanceolate, contracted into a short petiole, entire or rarely coarsely
toothed, usually of a thick consistence, from densely hoarj-hirsute on
botli sides to Cjuite glabrous. Scapes short, rarely attaining' 6 in., with
a dense ovoid oblong- or cylindrical spike, rarely f in. long", and some-
times reduced to 2 or 3 flowers, g'labrous or intermixed with a few hairs.
Sepals g-labrous, about 1 line long-, with less of the scarious marg-in than
in P. varia. Corolla-lobes narrower than in that species and more
acute. Ovary 2-celled with two collateral ovules in each cell. — Dcne. in
DC. Prod. xiii. i. 703 ; P. glahrata, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi.
276, Dcne. l.c, 703; P. leptostachys, Hook. f. l.c. (P. Daltoni, Dcne. l.c.)

Victoria. Munyong mountains, sources of the Yarra, Baw-baw mountains, F.

3fueUer.

Tasmania. Abundant in wet marsby places on tbe mountains at an elevation of
3000 to 4000 ft., /. D. Hool-er, Gunn, ililligan and others.

P. Archeri, Hook. f. Fl.Tasm i. 303, from the Western mountains, Tasmania, Archer,
and from the summit of Mount Wellington, F. Murller, seems to be a sinall state of tbe
same species with more obovate leaves. F. Mueller thinks that P. iasmanica itseli is
only an alpine form of P. varia.

7. P. Brownii, Bapin in Mem. Soc. Linn. Par. vi. 484. A small
plant, with a densely tufted stock, woolly amongst the leaves or quite
g-labrous. Leaves radical, rosulate, thick, somewhat fleshy, and of a

142 xciv. plaxtaoine;ij. [Phudafio.

l)rii;-lit sliinin"- gTcen when fresh, ol)long--lanceolate or tipathulate, entire
or with a few teeth, cjuite g-labrous.' Scapes sometiraes scarcely any,
often shorter than the leaves but sometimes long-er, g-labrous as well as
the Howers. Flowers only 2 to 4 rarely as many as 6 in small terminal
ppikes or heads, and sometimes reduced to a sing'le one, each Hower
about the size of those of P. varia. 8epals obtuse, without much of the
scarious margin, l^ lines long- or rather more. Corolla-lobes usually
rather narrow. Ovary 2-celled with 2 superposed pairs of ovules in
each cell, but often few of them onlv ripening- into seeds. — Dcne. in
])C. Prod. xiii. i. 7'27 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 304; P. camosa, R. Br.
Prod. 425 ; not of Lam. ; P. stdlaris, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 23, Pl.
Vict. ii. t. OG.

Victoria. Summits of the Mimyong Mountains, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Port de 1'Esperance, E. Broum ; South Cape, Gunn; South Port,
C. Stttart ; Macquarrie Harbour, Milligan.

The species is also in New Zealand aud in the Auckland islands, and niay Le the
Rame as one or raore of the antarctic American ones referred to the same section by
Decaisne.

P. paradoxa, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 277 and Fi. Tasm. i. 304, from Lake
St. Clair, Gunn, Mersey river, Archer, Kermandee river, Oldjiehl, Mount Lapeyrouse,
O. Stuart, seems to me to be a small state of P. Brownii reduced to 1 or 2 flowcis on
tlie scape as in P. Gunnii, but witli the foliage and stock of the small specimens of P.
Brownii. The spccimens before me from C. Stuart's collection show a gradual series
from the small 1-tiowered to tlie largest 4- to 6-flowered states. Brown's own speci-
mcus have mostly only 1 or 2 flowers.

8. P. Gunnii, Hooli.f. in Hooli. Lond. Journ. v. 446, t. 13, and Fl.
Tasm. i. 304. A small densely tufted almost moss-like plant, the stems
closely packed but slender, branching- and growing- to 1 in. or more,
covered with thin persistent remains of old leaves and ending- in a spread-
ing- tuft of fresh ones. Leaves from narroAv ovate-oblong' to linear-
lanceolate, acute or obtuse, contracted into a short petiole, rather thick,
with ciliate margins and sometimes a few hairs on the upper surface,
otherwise g-labrous and smooth, rarely exceeding- 3 lines. Peduncles
shortly exceeding- the leaves, more or less hairy, bearing- 1 or rarely 2
smali llowers. Sepals g-labrous. Ovary 2-celled with 2 superposed
j)airs of ovules in each cell, but usually only one appears to ripcn. —
Dcne. in DC. Prod. xiii. i. 728.

Tasmania. Loftiest parts of the Wcstcru JMountaius, Gunn, Archer.

Order XCV. PHYTOLACCACE^.

Perianth of o rarely 4 divisions or lobes, either all herbaceous,
or scarious or petal-like on the marg-ins or coloured inside, imbri-
cate in the bud. Staminodia (or petals ?) in a few g-enera not Austra-
lian 5 or fewer, minute and stipitate. Stamens as many as periantli-
divisions and alternate with them or more numerous, inserted on the
Torus or at the base of the perianth ; anthers 2-celled, the cells parallel,
opening l>y long-itudinal slits. Ovary either of a sing-le somev,-hat ex-

XCV. PHYTOLACCACEiE. 143

centrieal carpel, or of soveral carpels eitlier distiuct or uuited in a ring-
round the centre of the torus or, in a g-enus not Australian, forming- a
sinLile 1-celled ovary with the ovules in a ring; round a central cohimn.
Ovuh^s sohtary in each carpel, ascending-, ampliitropous or anatropous.
tStyles as many as carpels, proceeding- from their upper inner ang'le,
free or united at the hase, stigmatic ahjng- their inner edg-e. Carpels
of the fruit variously enhirg-ed, free or united, dry or succulent, iude-
Iiiscent or dehiscent along- their inner or outer edg-e or hoth. Seed
asceading', sometimes accompanied hy a small arilhis or strophiole ;
testa memhranous or crustaceous. Albiunen mealy or somewhat tleshy,
copious, scanty, or sometimes none. Embryo usually much curveU,
rarely folded or straig'ht ; cotyledons narrow or broad and convohite ;
radicle inferior. — Herbs, undershrubs, or rareh^ shrubs or trees, usually
g'labrous. Leaves alternate,. usually entire. Flowers hermaphrodite
or unisexual, in terminal axillary or leaf-opposed spikes racemes or
clusters, rarely solitary, usually accompanied by a subtending- bract and
2 hracteoles.

The OrJer is cliiefly American and AfricaTi, a very few specics exteiidinp into Asia,
as weeds of cultivation or otlierwise introiluced. Tlie Australian genera are all endeniic,
one of them nearly allicd to, but quite distinct from. an American genus, the others
lielonging to a series (nrgenus in an extended sense) exelu.sively Australian. All liave
nnisexual flowers, whilst those of the American and AtVican genera are, with the escep-
tion of a single species, hermaphrodite.

Ovary of a single carpel. Fruit a burr witli liooked bristles.

Flowers unisexual. Filaments filiform 1. Monococcus.

Ovary of several carpels united in a ring. Fruit succuient. Flowers

hermaphrodite * Phytolacca.

Ovary of 2 or more carpels united round a central coluran. Flokvers
unisexual. Antliers sessile or nearly so.
Perianth deeply 4-lobed. Carpels 2. Flowers axillary ... 2. Didymotheca.
Perianth sinuate-toothed. Carpels .'^everal.

Carpels 4 to 20, separating at their maturity, and Dpening at
the outer edge or at both outer and inner edges. FIowi.ts

axillary 3. Gtro,stemox.

Carpels from above 20 to 50, separating at their maturity and
opening on the inner edge ouly. Flowers in .sjjikes or

racemes 4. Codonocakpls.

Carpels about 20, connate in a globular almost woody inde-
hiscent fruit. Maie flowers in ternn'ual spikes ; females
solitary and axillary 5. Tkksoma.

Tlie niale plants in sorae spccies of each of the last four gcnera are undistinguishaMe
from each other except by slight differences in the inflorescence.

The gcTius Phi/iolacccr, marked above with an asterisk* is American, but one
species, P. octandra, Liiin. ; Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 32, long sinee cultivated in
various parts of the Old AVorld, has established itself in some parts of N. S. ^Vales and
Victoria near the towns. It is erect and herbaceous, attaining 6 to 10 ft. and not nuicli
branched, with large ovate-laneeolate acute leaves. Flowers hermaphrodite, almost
sessile in peduneulate racemes, either terminal or almost leaf-opposed. Perianth small,
of 5 divisions. Stamens usually 8. Carpels usually 8, nnited in the fruit in a de-
pressed succulent almost black berry more or less prominently 8 ribbed. The flowers
are occasionally 9- or lO-iner.ins and then they ouly difler trom P. clecandra^^Lmn.,
which is more frequently cultivated in Southern Europe, in the sessile or exceedingly
shorlly pedicellate flowers.

141 XCV. PflYTOLACCACE^. [MoiWCOCCUS.

1. MONOCOCCUS, F. Muell.

Flowers iinisexual, monoecious or dicecious. Perianth of 4 distinct
divisions. Stamens in the males 10 to 20, filaments filiform ; antliers
oblong'-Unear. Ovary in the females of a sing-le carpel ; style very short,
liookeil, and decurrent in a bearded line along- the inner edg-e of the
carpel. Fruit dry, indehiscent, covered with hooked bristles. Seed
with a thin testa ; albumen unilateral ; embryo transversely fohled, the
cotyledons broad and convolute. — Shrul). Leaves membranous. Flowers
in racemes either terminal or in the upper axils, the males usually in
separate racemes or on separate individuals, but sometimes a few
females at the base of the male racemes or a few males at the summit of
the female racemes.

The single species known is emleniic in Australia. It is in habit and most of the
characters nearly allied to the American genus Petiveria, differiiig in the unisexual
flowers, the more nunierotis stamens and the glnchidiate bristles of llie ovary and fruit
nunierous and spreading, instead of being 2 or 3 only and closely reflexed.

1. M. echinophorus, F. Mudl. Fracjm. i. 47. A strag-gling- shrub,
sometimes more erect and attaining- 5 or 0 ft. Leaves petiohite, from
ovate to hmceolate, obtusely acuminate, contracted at the base, mem-
branous, 2 to 4 in. long-. Racemes slender, often 5 or G in. long-.
Flowers rather distant, shortly pedicellate, each within a hinceolate
acute bract shorter than the calyx and often shortly adnate to the base
of the pedicel. Bracteoles 2, small, close under the perianth. Divi-
sions of the perianth membranous, very thin, about 1 line long', obtuse.
Fihiments rather shorter than the anthers, often connate at the base in
a short cohmin when there is no rudiment of the ovary, rarely free
round a rudimentary or imperfect ovary. Female llowers usually with-
out stamina or staminodia. Ovary of a sing'le oblique carpel, the
straig-ht inner (stig-matic ?) edg-e densely bearded and terminating- in a
small hooked style, the back and sides of the carpel echinate with rig'id
hooked bristles. Fruiting- carpel about 2 lines long* without the loug-
hooked bristles with wliich it is covered, forming- an adhesive burr.

Queensland. Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Edgecnmbe Bay, Dallachy ; Broad Sound,
Boinnan ; Kockhanipton, Thozet, 0' Shanesy ; Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, W. Hill,
F. Mudlcr.

N. S. VtTales. Clarence tiver, Beckler ; Richmond river, C. Moore.

2. DIDYMOTHECA, Ilook. f.

Flowers (hoecious. Perianth small, deeply 4-lobed. Stamens in the
malcs about 8 or 9, the anthers oblong-, nearly sessile, radiating- in a
single series round a flat central disk. Ovary in the females of 2 car-
pels adnate along- the inner edge to a centre column, not at all or scarcely
dilated at the top. Styles or stig-mas linear, proceeding- from the summit
of the central column. Fruiting- carpels scarcely separating- from the

Bidynwthcca.] xcv. PHYTOLACCACEiE. 145

axis, dry, opcning- in 2 valves along- the outer edg-e. Seeds with a
crustaceous testa iind a snr.dl membi'anous arillus or strophiole. Embryo
curved round a contral albumen. — Erect herb. Leaves linear. Flowers
small, all axiUary and nearly sessile, with 2 bracteoles under the
perianth.

The single species is enclemic in Australia. The male indiviiluals would be generi-
cally undistingaishidile froni Gi/rosfcmoii, but for Ihe more deeply lobud calyx, which
in tlie females is acconipanied by the reduction of tlie carpels to two, the hcrbaceous
habit giviiig the plant moreover a sufficiently distiuct facies to justify its retention as a
Separate genus.

1. D. thesioides, Ilooh.f. in Ilooh. Lond. Journ. vi. 279, and FI. Tusm.
i. 309, t. 98. Stems erect, often hard at the base with rather slender vir-
g"ate branches, from under 1 ft. to nearly 2 ft. high, g-labrous and smooth
or shg-htly scabrous with minute papillae. Leaves linear, the lower ones
sometimes rather broad and flat, 1 to 2 in. long-, and narrowed into a short
petiole, the upper ones narrower smaller and sessile, and sometimes
nearh' all very uarrow and almost terete or fihform, the floral ones often
not |- iu. long-. Flowers very small and ahuost sessile in the upper
axils, all turned to one side and sHghtly nodding-, Avith a ])air of minute
bracteoles under the perianth. Perianth not ^ hne loug-, unequally
divided nearly to the base into 4 segments varying- much in breadth.
Anthers nearly 1 line long-. Fruit l^ to 2 lines broad, the central axis
not 1 hne long-, emarginate between the carpels, the styles often per-
sistent in the notch and arched over the carpels. — Moq. in DC. Prod.
xiii. ii. 37 j D. Drumnwndii, Moq. l.c.j D. vcromciformis, F. Muell. in
Linufea, xxv. 438.

Tasmania. Near Launceston, iawrence ; llinders island, Gunn, Milligan.
S. Australia. Port Lincoln, Dombey Bay, Wilhehni.

W. Australia, Drummoncl, n. 216, Preiss, n. 1226 (referred in Pl. Preiss. ii. 397
doubtfuliy to EuplwrhiaceoE.) ; Kiug George's Sound, F. Jlucller.

3. GYROSTEMON, Desf.

(Cyclotheca, jiloq.)

Flowers dioecious. Perianth very open under the fruit, very shortly
and obtusely or obscurely sinuate-tootlied. Stamens in the males
either 8 to 12 radiating- in a sing-le series round a central disk or
numerous covering" the whole disk, the anthers oblong-, nearly sessile.
Uvary in the females of 4 to 20 carpels, more or less connate in a ring'
round a central cohimn slightly or scarcely dilated at the top. Styles
or stigmas ft-om ovate to Hnear, free or shg-htly connected in a ring-
round the summit of the central cokimn, persistent or more frequently
deciduous. Fruiting* carpels separating- from each other and li-om the
axis, opening" usually in 2 valves both along' the outer and the inner
edg-e. — Shrubs (except G. hrachystifjma?). Leaves hnear. Flowers
axillarj', sessile or on short recurved pedicels, with 2 bracteoles usually
very small under the perianth.

The genus is limitcd to Australia.
VOL. V. L

146 xcv. PHYTOLACCACE^. [Gyrostemon.

riowers sessile. Ovarj of 4 to 10 cai-pels. Styles short ovate.

Fruit small, much dcpresscd. Leaves few, distant . . . . \. G. hrachystujma.
Flowers sossile. Ovary of 8 to 15 carpels. Styles linear. Fruit

nearly globular. Stamens 8 to 12 in a siiigle ring .... 2. G. cydotheca.
Flowers sliortiy pedicellate. Ovary of 15 to above 20 carpels.

Styies shortly linear. Fruit obovoid or pear-sluiped. Sta-

mens 30 to 50 covering the whole disk 3. G. ramidosus.

1. G. brachystigma, F. MuclL Lower part of tlie stem not seen,
l»ut probubly slinibby, the branches elong-ated, almost rusli-hke, with
few distant Unear-terete rather thick leaves, mostly small, the lower
ones sometimes 1 in. long-. Male Howers not seen. Females sessile in
the axils, very small, the open perianth scarcely 1 line diameter.
Ovary of 4 to 10, usually about 6 carpels, the ang-les prominent.
Stig-mas ovate, flat, round a somewhat dilated central disk or summit
of the cohimn. Fruits broadly turbinate or ahnost hemispherical, under
2 Hnes diameter, much depressed in the centre, the ang'les prominent
before tlie dehi.-^cence. — Amperca! snhmida, Nees in Pl. Freiss. ii. 2129.

"W. Australia, Drummond ; York district, Preiss, n. 1233.

2. G. cyclotheca, Benth. A much branched shrub, sometimes low
and strag'g4ing- sometimes erect and attaining- 4 or 5 ft. Leaves narrow-
linear and flat, or hnear-terete slender and ahnost fihform, acute or
with liooked points, from ^ to 1 in. long-. Flowers small, on very short
axillary recurved pedicels or quite sessile, the open perianth aljout 1|
lines diameter. Stamens in the males about 8 to 12, in a sing-le ring-
round the flat central disk. Carpels in the females 8 to 12 or rarely
more ; styles or stigmas hnear, ratlier long-, in a ring- round the small
scarcely dihited summit of the column. Fruit nearly g-lobuhir, scarcely
or not at all depressed in the centre, about 3 Hnes diameter but rather
variable in size, the dorsal ang-les of the carpels very prominent, sepa-
rating- at maturity and opening- both at the inner and outer edg-e as in
G. ramulosus. — Cyclotheca Australasica, Moq. in DC Prod. xiii. ii. 38;
Gyrostemon raimdosns, Schlecht. in Linnaea xx. 632, not of Desf. ; Didy-
motheca pleiococca, F. MueU. Ph Vict. i. 198, t. suppl. 9.

N. Australia? Sturt's Creek near Mount Mueller, F. Mueller ; between Bonncy
river and Mount Morphett, M'Douall Stuart^s Expedition (in both cases only male
specimcus and the identification unceitain).

Victoria. In the Maliee Scrub, from the Wimmera through the north-western part
of the colony, growing especially on saudhiils, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Encounter Bay, Whittalcer; Murray river to St. Vinccut's aud
Spcncer's Gulfs, Behr., F. Mueller and others ; Kangaroo island, Waterhouse.

W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll. ; Swan and Murchison rivers,
Oldfield.

_ Notwithstanding the difference in the staraens which is so often of no more than spe-
cific valuc in diacious phviits, this appears to me to be much nearerto Gyrostemon ramulosus
than to Didymotlieca. The size and and in some rcspects tho shape of tlio fruit as well
as the number of carpels are often so similar that there are some fruiting specimens
which can scarcely be distinguished from those of G. ramidosus but by the shortness of
the pedicels.

Gi/rostemon .] xcv. phytolaccace^. 147

3. G. ramulosus, Dc.tf. in Mcm. Jliis. vi. 17, t. (5. An erect bushy
Tuiicli branclied shrub of 3 to 8 ft., often of a somewhat ileshy habit.
Leaves linear-terete, thick or slender, 1 to 3 in. long-. Flowers small,
on axiUary rellexed pedicels of 2 to 4 lines. Calyx varving' from 1 to
2 lines diameter when open. Stamens in the males trom 30 to 60,
crowded in several series covering' the whole centre of the tiower.
Ovary in the females small, nearly hemispherical, the carpels varying'
from about 15 to above 20, the styles linear and rather long- when
perfect. Fruit obovoid turbinate or more or less pear-shaped, slig-htly
depressed on the top, with a small central disk or summit of the column,
round which the styles sometimes persist to the maturity of the fruit,
but often wear oif early, the dorsal ang-les of the carpels prominent
from an early stag'e, the carpels at maturity separating- and opening'
more or less at the inner as well as at the dorsal ang-le. — Moq. in DC.
Prod. xiii. ii. 38.

N. Australia. Bay of Eest, N. W. coast, A. Cunningham; Fincke river,
M'Douall Stuarfs Expedition.

"W. Australia. Kiiig Geors:e's Sound, Maxwell (a single specimen in Herb. F.
Mueller) ; near Stirling Eange, F. Mueller ; Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll. ; Point
Henry and Murchison river, Oldfield ; Sliarks Bay aud Dirk Hartog's island, Milne
(originally described by Desfontaines froni Sharks Bay specimens).

I have presumed that all the male specimens wilh the anthers covering the centre of
the flower belong to this species, but they vary considerably, and some lead me into
doubt whether there may not be another species with the male flowers of G. ramulosus
and the females of G. cydotheca ; the foliage shows no constant difierence and the
pedicel of the flower, both male and female, is somewhat variable in length.

4. CODONOCARPUS, A. Cunn.
(Hymenotheca, F. 31uell.)

Flowers dioecious or monoecious. Perianth very open under the
fruit, very shortly and obtusely or obscurely sinuate-toothed. Stamens
in the males 10 to 20 radiating* in a single series round a central disk,
the anthers oblong', nearly sessile. Ovary in the females of 20 to 60
carpels connate in a ring- round a central column dilated into a flat disk
at the top. Styles or stigmas short or linear, free or slig-htly connected
in a ring- round the terminal disk. Fruiting* carpels closely connected
till near their maturity, separating* when ripe from each other and from
the central column and openiug- only along* their inner edg"e. Seeds of
adjoining" carpels alternately placed near the top and below the top of
the carpel, each with a small membranous aril or strophiole. — Tall
shrubs or trees. Leaves linear or broad. Flowers in leafless racemes,
axillary or terminal or the females on the leafless bases of the year's
shoot. Bracteoles usually very small under the perianth.

The genus is limited to Australia.

Leaves narrow-linear. Styles rather long. Carpels 30 to 40 . . 1 . C pyramidalis.

Leaves lanceolate, tapering into a long point. Carpeis 40 to 50 . 2. C. australis.
Leaves obovate to broadly hmceolate, obtuse or shortly pointed.

Stvles short, conical. "Carpels about 20 to 30 3. C. cotinifolius.

l2

148 xcv. piiYTOLACCACEJE. \ Codonocarpvs.

1- C. pyramidalis, F. MneU. A ttill arLorescent slinilj of pyrainidal
gTOwth. Leaves narrow-linear, acute, contracted into a .sliort petiole
or aluiost sessile, 2 to 8 in. long-. Flowers difficious, in lateral or axil-
lary racenies, tlie male.'^ on very"short pedicels, tlie females on rather long*
ones. Perianth about li lines diameter. Ovary ahnost heniispherical,
neariy 3 hncs diameter, the central disk or dihUed summit of the short
cohimn depressed; carpels from 30 to 40; styles or stigmas linear,
rather long' and recurved over the margins of the carpels, Fruit some-
what pear-shaped, 7 to 8 lines long-, 6 to 7 lines diameter at the top
and rounded and not so much expanded as in C. mtstralis. — Gyro.itcmon
jjf/raiiiida/is, F. Muelh in Linntea, xxv, 4-38; Hijmcmthcca pijrHmidalis, F.
Muell. Fragm. i. L'02.

S. Australia. Elder's Range, F. MmUer ; in tlic inteiior, M'Douall Stuart.

2, C. australis, 1. Cunn. Ilcrh. ; Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 39. A
tree of 30 ft. with numerous slender flexuose branches. Leaves huiceo-
hite, tapering- into a long- narrow point and contracted into a long
petiole, l^ t^ 3 in. long. Flowers not seen. Fruits on long- pedicels
alon"- the lealiess hases of axillary branches (racemes of which the axis
has g-rown out into a leafy brancli ?). Perianth 2 to 2| liues diameter,
Fruit turbinate, almost campauuhite, 7 to 8 Hnes long-, very broad at
the apex, and rather deeply depressed in the centre, the disk or cUhited
summit of the central column 3 to 4 Hnes diameter ; carpels 40 to 50,
quite connate when young-, their dorsal edges forming promincnt ribs
when approaching maturity, and finally separating- completely, the
sides then thin and transparent, empty and indehiscent in the lower
part, broader and opening at the inner edge in the upper seed-bearing-
])ortion, but in alternate carpels close to the top or a little above the
middle. — Gjrostcmon attcnnatus, Hook. Bot. Misc, i. 244, t. 53.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, A. Cunninf/kam, Fraser.

N. S. Wales. lliehmond river, Fawcett.

It miist have been owing to some mistake that the carpels have been described as
having 3 or 4 ovules in each, of which only one comes to maturity. 1 can find no trace
of any more llian one in the youngest fruits on tlie specimena. 1 lie second seed
figured in the Botanical Miscellany evidently belongs to the adjoining carpel. IVo
carpels sometiracs remain unseparated and the valves are so thin that without careful
examiuation thc two seeds appear to be in one carpel, one a llttle above and ovcrlaying
the other as represeuted by the artist.

3. C. cotinifolius, F. Mudl. Pl. Vict. i. 200. Usually a tall shrub
or small tree, but attaining sometimes 40 ft., of a pale or glaucous
g-reen. Leaves from broadly obovate or ovate to eDiptical-oblong or
almost lanceolate, obtuse or shortly pointed, contracted into a ratlier
long petiole, 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers dioecious or monoecious but usually
the two sexes in separate racemes in tlie upper axils, sometimes forming'
a terminal panich% the males on very short, the females on rather long;
pedicels. Perianth tibout 2 hnes diameter in the femak^s, rather
smaller in tlie males. Stamens 15 to 20. Ovary about twice as long'
as the calyx, hroadly turbinate, de.pressed in the centre, consisting- of

Cudonocarpu^.\ xcv. phytolaccace.e. 149

20 to 30 or rathor more carpels, tlie ovules in alternate carpels inserted
near the top or abont the naiddle of the cavity so as to give the appear-
ance of biseriate cells or carpels. Styk>s or stigmas shortly conical and
soon wearing- otf or falling- otf in a ring-. Fruit obconical or obovoid,
much less expandod at the top and much less de])ressod in the centre
than in C. austnilis, about 5 hnes diameter, the carpels less distinctly
biseriate than when .young-, separating- and deliiscent on the inner edg-e
as in C. ausfrali^. — Gyrostciiioii cotiiiijblius, Desf. in Mem. Mus. viii. 116,
t. 10 j Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 39; G. puiifjcns, Lindl. in Mitch.
Three Exped. ii. 121 ; G. acaci/eformis, F. Muell. in Linniea, xxv. 439.

N. Australia. In the interidr lat. 20°, APDouall Sfuart's E.vpeditton.

N. S. Wales. Lachlan, Uarllng, and Murray deserts, Mitchell, Victorian and
other E.rpeditiom ; ]Mount Murchismi, Bonnei/.

Victoria. ^lallec scrub on tho Murray, Hughan ; AVimmera, Dallachy.

S. Australia. FHnders ranirc, F. MueUer ; Cooper's river, .4. CJ. Gregory.

W. Australia, Drumimnd, n. 40 ; Murchison river, Oldfield; Sbarlcs Bay
MUne.

5. TERSONIA, Moq.

Flowers dioecious. Perianth very open under the fruit, very shortly
and obtusely or obscurely sinuate-toothed. Stamens in the males 8 to
12 or rather more, radiating- in a singie series round a central disk;
anthers oblong-, nearly sessile. Ovary of the females (in T. brevipes)
of 15 to 20 carpels completoly connate into a plurilocular fleshy ovary
not ribbed but marked witli horizontal raised concentric zones. Styles
or stig-mas linear, radiating' round a broad central disk or dilated
summit of the central cohimn. Fruit (where known) depressed gio-
bular, indehiscent, ahnost woody. Seeds oblong', all on the same level,
with a small membranous aril or strophiole. Embryo fokled. Albu-
men scanty or none. — Ditfuse shrubs or herbs. Leaves linear. Flowers
sessile or nearly so, the males in terminal racemes or interrupted spikes,
the females (where known) sohtary in the axils of the stem-leaves.
Bracteoles under the perianth smalk

The genus is endemic in W. Australia.

Leaves long, narrow linear 1. T. hrevvpes.

Leaves short, discant. Branches ilexuose or twiuing 2. T. .mbvoluhilis.

1. T. brevipes, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 40 (as to the Jemale
plaiit). A decumbent shrub of 2 or 3 ft. with ascending* flowering'
branches. Leaves liuear or linear-terete, rather thick, 1 to 2 in. long-
or even more. Male flowers all in terminal leafless spikes or racemes,
the floral leaves all reduced to small bracts or the lower ones rarely
exceeding' the flowers. Anthers radiating' to a diameter of nearly 3
lines when fully out. Female flowers all sessile and solitary iu the
axils of distant stem-leaves. Periauth scarcely l^ liues diameter.
Styles or stig'mas nearly 2 lines long-, the central disk bordered within
them by a raised un(Uikite marg-in. Fruit 0 to 8 Hnes diameter, armed
with raised almost scale-Uke hard tubercles more or less arraug-ed in

150 XCV. IMIVTOLACCACE.E. [Ter.<unia.

irrofular liorizontul zones. Seeds small, oblong". — Gyrostemon ramu-
losus, Lelini. Pl. Preiss. i. 243, not of Desf. ; G. angustifoUus, Scbnitzl.
Ic. Fam. Nat. t. 208.*

W. Australia. Swan river, Preiss. n . 1234 ; Swau and Murchison rivers,
Oldfu Id.

The male specimens described by Moquin belong to Gyrostemon ramulosiis,
Desf.

2. T. ? subvolubilis, Benth. Stems numerous, herbaceous diffuse
and flexuose, many of tbem apparently twininp;-, attaining' 1 ft. and
more, tbe ilowering- brancbes ascending-, slig-btly scabrous, perbaps
viscid wben fresb. Leaves small, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute,
contracted at tbe base, rarely exceeding" | in. and usually few and
distant. Male flowers in terminal interrupted spikes, precisely like
tbose of T. hreripes ; females unknown.

VT. Australia. OlJfield rivtr and Phillips Eanges, rare, Maxwell.

Tiiu ftauale flowers and fruits of this species being as yet unknown, the gtinus must
be in some measure uncertain, but the inflorescunce of the males and their general
habit agree with none but Tersonia.

Order XCVI. CHENOPODIACE^.

(Salsolacese, 3Ioq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii.)

Periantb small, witb 5 or fewer seg"ments or lobes, berbaceous or
rarely tbin and transparent or somewbat scarious, imbricate in tbe bud.
Stamens 5 or rarely fewer, opposite tbe periantb-segments and usually
inserted at or near tbeir base ; antbers 2-celled, tbe cells opening- longi-
tudinally. Ovary free, 1-celled, with a sing-le ovule erect or suspended
from an erect funicle. Styles or style-brancbes 2 or 3, stig-matic along-
tbeir wliole inner edg-e or rarely towards tbe end only. Fruit 1-celled
and indebiscent, membranous or succulent, enclosed in or resting- on
tbe persistent periantb wbicb is sometimes enlarg'ed or altered in form.
Seed sobtary, erect or horizontal, usually orbicukir and flattened.
Embryo coiled round a mealy albumen, or spirally twisted witbout any
or witb scarcely any albumen. — Herbs or undersbrubs, ofteu suceulent
and very frequently boary or white, especially the young- parts, witb a
minute and mealy or more dense and scaly tomentum, or in some
g-enera villous or woolly. Leaves alternate or very rarely opposite,
sometimes none. Stipules none. Flowers small, usually sessile and
clustered, eitber axillary or in axillary or terminal dense or interrupted
spikes or panicles, and often unisexual. Bracts inconspicuous, or, in
some g-enera, 1 bract and 2 bracteoles more or less conspicuous.

A considerable Order, sprcad ovcr the greater part of the world, but most abundant
in maritime or saline situations in the Old Woild, a few spccies, in identical or closely
allied fomis, biin^' quite cosmopolitan. Of tlie fifteen Australian genera seven have the
general distribution of tho Order, the remainiug eight appear to be endemic.

TinnK 1. Chenopodiese.— ^m«c7(es co?i<uatoMS. Leaves flat, glabrous, meali/,scaly
or glandular. Tcntit cru.staceom. Emhrijo curvcd round a mealy albumen.
Perianths equally 5- or 4-lobed, herbaccous, not nuich enhirged iu fruit.

Fruit a sma:i succulcnt berry '. . . . 1. Riiagodia.

XCVI. CHENOPODIACE.E. 151

Fruit a diy nut enclosed in the perianth 2. Chexopodium.

Peiianths niinute white and dry, with 3 or 1 clavate segments . . 3. Dysphania.
Male perianths sniall, equally 5- or 4lobed, females much enlarged

in iVuit with 2 broad ajiprcssed segments enclosing the fruit . . 4. Atkiplex.

Tribe 2. Camphorosmeae. — Branches continuoxis. Leaves narrrow, entire, flat
or terete, glahrous, villous-tomentose or woolly. Tesia membranoiis. Embryo curved
round a meahj alhumen.

Fruiting-periantlis globular or depressed, membranous, herbaceous
or suceulent, the lobes horizontally (or rarely conically) closing
over the fruit. Seed horizontal or oblique.
Fruiting-perianth without appendages, succulent or coriaceous,

glabrous or the lobes slightly pubescent 5. Exchyl^na.

Fruiting-perianth surrounded by 3 to 5 distinct or by 1 continuous

annular liorizontal wings 6. Kochia.

Fruiting-perianth membrauous or herbaceous, enveloped in wool or
long hairs, without any or with horn-lilie or spinescent dorsal

appendages 7. Chexolea.

Fruiting perianth hard, at least at the base, the lobes usually mem-
branous and withcring.
Fruiting-perianth with dorsal wings.

Flowers solitary. Wings 2 or 3, nearly vertical. Seed hori-

zontal 8. Babbagia.

Flowers 2 together divaricate and connate at the base. Wings

5, horizontal. Seed vertical 9. Didymanthus.

Fruiting-perianth without any or with spincscent dorsal appen-
dages.
Fruiting-perianth tomentose or woolly, with 2 opposite di-
verging dorsal spines rarely wauting. Seed horizontal or

obhque 10. Sclerol^na.

Fruiting-perianth glabrous, without appendages or rarely with

5 small erect spiaes. Seed horizontal or oblique .... 11. Threlkeldia.
Fruiting-perianth glabrous or slightly hairy, with 3 to 5 diva-

ricate dorsal spines. Sced vertical 12. Anisacantha .

Tribe 3. Salicorniese. — Branches articulate, fleshy. Leave.s none. Flowers
more or less immersed. Testa various. Embryo curved or foTdtd icith liitle or no
albumen.
Single genus 13. Salicornia.

Tribe 4. Salsolese. — Branches continuous. Leaves narroio, flat or terete, entire-
Testa various. Emhryo spirally coiled, without albumen.

Perianth small, herbaceous, without appendages. Testa crustaceous.

Embryo coiled in a flat spire 14. Su-eda.

Perianth rigid, with dorsal horizontal wings. Testa membranous.
Embryo coiled in a conical or biconvex spire. (Leaves and bracts
pungent) 15. Salsola.

Tribe 1. Chenopodie^. — Branches continuous (not articulate).
Leaves flat, often triangular or liastate, glabrous niealy scaly or glan-
dular. Testa of the seed crustaceous. Embr^-o curved round a mealy
albumen.

1. RHAGODIA, R. Br.

Flowers polygamous, mostly hermaphrodite or female, but sometimes
almost dioecious. Perianth deeply 5-cleft, the lobes or seg-ments obtuse,

]5? XCVI. CIIENOPODIACE^f:. [llhtujodld.

concave, scarccly enlarycd in friiit, and citlier closing- over tlie fruit or
exTianded under it. Stamens 5 or fewer, filaments more or less flattened.
Ovarv "'lobular or nearly so. Styles 2 or very rarely 3, sliortly subulate,
very "^shortly united at tlie base. Fruit a small depressed-g-lobular
berry. Seed flattened, horizontal ; testa crustaceous. Embryo circular,
enclosing" a mealy albumen. — Shrubs undershrubs or rarely herbs.
Leaves alternate or some or nearly all opposite, tiat, entire. Flowers
small, sessile or very rarely pedicellate, in clusters or rarely solitary,
in interrupted terminnl spikes or panicles, without bracts. Perianth
tomentose outside, glabrous inside.

Tlic gonus is exclusively Australian, difTering from Chevopodium in the succuleiit
peric«i-p iind usually in tbe more shrubliy liabit. The species are often very variablo
in stature aiul Ibliage and very difficult to mark out by positive characters. They are
moreover often represented in herbaria by specimens so imperfect as to leave a large
proportion of the deterniinations doubtful. The succulent pericarps or berries appear
to vary in cdloui-, even in tlie sanie species, from red or purple to yellow, but pcrhaps
the coilectors' notes in this respect are not all to be trusted.

Panicle usually niuch branched.
Flowers polyganious.

Leaves almost all alternate, mostly narrow and greeu
above, paler or whiter underneath than above, the mar-

gins often recurved 1. i?. Bdlardieri.

Leaves allernate or opposite, mostly broad, flat, green or

white on both sides 2. R. paraholica.

Flowcrs dia?cious, very small. Leaves oblong or broad, flat,

pale cr white on both sides 3. i?. dioica.

Inflorescence nearly single or panicle not much branched.
Leaves rather thick and fleshy, flat or concave, mostly alter-
nate. Plant not spinescent.
Fruiting perianth 2 to 3 lines diameter when opcn and

nmcli larger than the fruit. Leaves mostly hastate 4. R. Gaudichaudiana.
Fruiting periauth 1 to l^ lines diameter and usually uot
broader than tlie fiuit.
Leaves rarely above 4 in- long linear cuncate or rarely

obovate b. B. cra.ssifoHa.

Leaves liiiear, J to 1 in. long 6. B. Preissii.

Leavcs broadly obovate to oblong, | to 1 in. long . . 7. i?. ohovata.
Leaves flat, rather thin, mostly alternate broad and small.

Plant spinescent 8. -fi. sj^inescens.

Leavcs thin, green, opposite or alternate. Plant usually
slender or wcak.
Leaves mostly opposite, ovate or hastate, vcry obtuse . . 9. ^. hasfata.
Leaves mostly opposite, lanceolate or broad, all acute . . 10. R. nutans.

Leavcs aiternatc, linear 11. R. linifolia.

R. chenopodioide.% Moq. Chenopod. Euum.ll, and in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 52, from
Port Jaei<son, Gauilicliaud, is.uiiknown to me, the character given agrees with that of
R. Bdlardieri, except that the flowers are said to be pediccllate, which may have beeu
au accidcntal auomaly iu the specimens described.

1. R. Billardieri, i?. Br. Prod. 408; A shrub either strag-g-ling- or
difliise, or erect and attaining- 5 or 6 ft., the foliag-e and young- shoots
somcwliat flcsliy, rarely cpiite green, but usually with less of th"e mealy
tonientuni tlian niost species, except on the inflorescence. Leaves alter-
nate or rarely here and there ojiposite or nearlv so, usually oblong--
lanceohite or linear-oblong-, but varying- to quite linear or when small

Rhafjodia.] XCVI. CHENOPODIACEiE. 158

to ovate or broadly hastate, always obtuso, contracted iuto a sliort
petiole, froui scarcely h in. to above 1 in. lono-, usually g-reen abovo
wheu fuU g-rowu aud pale or whitish uuderueath, t\\e margius often rc-
curved and never incurved. Pauicle teriuiual, usually much brauched
and \\ to above 2 iu. lono-, tlie branches ratlier slouder and divaricate,
the tiowers small, polyg-amous, iu distiuct clusters. Perianth about 1
line diameter, or when fully expauded under the truit attaining- l^- Hnes,
lobeil to about the middle. Berry when fully ripe as broad as or broader
than the expandod perianth. — Chcnopodinm haccatitm, LabilL PL Nov.
HolL i. 71, t. 90; Uhaf/odia haccata, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 50;
Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 31"J ; li. CandoUeana^ Moq. Chenop. Enum. 10 (with
small broad leaves approaching- the var. conf/csta).

N. S. 'Vtrales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Woolls; Macleay river and Ash islanci,
Beclder (the hxtter specimens not good and rather doubtful) ; Twofokl Bay, A. Cuii-
nim/hain and others.

Victoria. Abundant along the sea-coast froiu the Glenelg to the eastern frontier,
F. Mueller and others.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown ; common iu salt marshes especially on the
north coast, J. D. Hooker, Labillardiere and others.

S. Australia. Lovver Murray river and round St. Vincent's Gulf, F. Mneller and
others.

W. Australia. Goose-island and Lucky Bays, R. Brown ; coramon aiong the sea-
coast from King (ieorge's Sound round to Swan and Murchison rivers, Fraaer, Druni-
tnond, n. 209, Oh IJield nnd others, and eastward to ihe Great Bight, Muxwell.

Amongthe numerous forms wliich tliis species assumes, many of theni no doubt owing
to local influences, tlie following aie the most distinct in the dry state : —

Var. congesta, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 312. Low and rauch branched, densely crowded
with leaves and inflorescences; leaves mostly ovate smail and here and there liastate. —
Chenopodiuin congestum, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vii. 280 ; Rliagodia congesta,
Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 6L — Tasmania and Victoria.

Var. linearis. Leaves all narrow-linear. — R. radiata, Nees in Pl. Preiss. i. 637,
Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 50. — Cliiefly in W. Australia wiiere it passes very graduaiiy
into tiie oblong or iinear-oblong leaved form there very abundant, and readily distin-
guished from the linear-leaved form of R. crassifolia by tlie recurved or revolute mar-
gins of the leaves and the more branched panicle.

2. R. parabolica, i?. Br. Prod. 408. An erect shrub, attaining-
sometimes 8 or 10 ft., but often much lower, mealy-white all over or
in the more slender specimens the adult leaves g-reen. Leaves opposite
or alternate, on rather long" petioles, broadly ovate obovate or ahnost
rhomboidal, usually rounded at the end and obtuse or shortly mucro-
nate, contracted or rarely obtusely hastate at the base, rarely exceeding-
1 in. and often under i in. long-. Flowers, as in B. Billardieri, poly-
g-amous, in distinct clusters along- the divaricate branches of a termiual
panicle, sometimes very dense and crowded, sometimes loose and slen-
der. Perianth mealy-tomentose and sometimes densely so, the lobes
ovate, obtuse, more united at the base than in most species, expandiug to
above 1 line diameter, but the succulent ripe fruit still hirg-er. Seed
about 1 line diameter. — Schlecht. iu Linntea, xx. 574:; Moq. in DC.
Prod. xiii. ii. 51 ; R. rcclinata, A. Cunn. Herb. ; Moq. L c. 51 (with the
leaves less white than in the typical form).

154 xcvi. ciiKNuPODiACEiE. [lihu^odui.

Queensland. Iii tlic interior, 3Iitchell, Boicman; Armadilla, Barton ; Curri-
willigliif, Diiltoa; between 13iirnett and Dawson rivers, F. Mueller.

N. S. 'Wales, Leichhardt ; Liverpool plains, A. Cunningham ; Richmond river,
Hcndcr^on .

S. Australia. Spencer's Gulf, B. Broivn; Murray Scrub, Behr.; Murray river
and Salt Cicck, F. Mutller.

This may possibly prove to be an inland variety of R. Billardleri.

3. R. dioica, Nees iii Pl. Prelss. i. 636. A tall shrub, with the
habit of U. paruhoUcu, usuallj hoary or white. Leaves alternate or nearly
opposite, on rather long- petioles, oblong* obovate ovate or rarely broadly
hastate, very obtuse, iiat, rather thin, pale or hoary on botli sides, oilen
above 1 in. long-. Flowers smaller than in either of the preceding-
species, dicecious in all the specimens seen, very numerous in a dense
much branched ovate or pyramidal panicle of two or three inches.
Fruiting- perianth small, the fruit rather larg-er, but not exceeding- 1 line
diameter. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xii. ii. 60.

"W. Australia, Drummond ; Swan river, Preiss, n. 1253, Murcbison river, Oldjield.

4. R. Gaudichaudiana, Moq. Clwnop. Enum. 11, and in DC. Prod.
xiii. ii. 53. A very divaricate or prostrate shrub, covered with a dense
soft white tomentum which usually persists even on the old leaves, the
branchlets sometimes but very rarely almost spinescent. Leaves mostly
alternate, from broadly orbicxdar or deltoid to lanceolate, often hastate
at the base, rather thick, ilat or concave, | to 1 in. long-. Flowers
polygamous (or sometimes dioecious ?) larg-er than in the allied
species, solitary or clustered in nearl}^ simple interrupted spikes or
along- the divaricate branches of short terminal panicles. Fruiting-
periantli i? to 3 hnes diameter, lobed to the middle, very cottony out-
side, glabrous and coloured or g-reen inside, much larg*er than the fruit
and either closed over it or expanded under it.

N. S. Wales. Darling river, Victorian Expedition.

5. Australia. Gawler Kange, Sidliimn.

W. Australia. Murcbison river, Ohlfield ; Sharks Bay, Gaudichaud (I have not

seen tlie latter speciniens).

Tbe specimens froui X. S. Wales and from S. Australia bave tbe periautb not quite
so large as tbose froin Murcbison river, but tbey are uot so far advanced. Tbere are
maiiy otber speciuiens in Herb. F. Mueller from the desert interior of N. S. Wales and
S. Australia, uiostly niere scraps barely in flower, whicb may beloug to B. Gaudichaud-
iana, but whicb caunot be safely distinguished from some of the following species.

5. R. crassifolia, R. Br. Prod. 408. A dwarf or dilfuse much
branchod scrubl)y shrub, or the branches somewhat elong-ated in narrow-
leaved forms, nearly g-reen or more or less hoary-tomentose. Leaves
mostly alternate, iinear or scarcely oblong- in the typical form, rarely
cuneate or almost obovate in some varieties, obtuse, contracted into a
short petiole, rather thick, flat or concave, rarely h in. long-. Flowers
and fruits small, clustered or rarely solitary, in short terminal nearly
simple interrui)ted spikes or slig-htly branched panicles. Fruiting;
perianth not exceeding- the fruit.

N. Australia. Sturfs Creek, F. Mueller.
Victoria. Wimmera, Dallachy.

Bhiu/udm.] xcvi. chenopodiack.e. 1;");")

S. Australia. Kangarou islaiid, li. Brotim ; towanls Spcnccr's (iiil'', Warhurton.

W. Australia. Scattered over tlie treeless plains N. W. of tlie Gruat Biglit, De,-
lisser ; Poiiit Hcnry and Mm-cliison river, Oldjield.

Var. latifolia. Lcaves obovate ovate hastale or broadiy oblong, all very obtnse and
under | in. long. — IL crassifolia, Woq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 52. — Dirk Hartog's island,
A. CunniiKjham.

Tliere are geveral iniperfect specinicns from the desert interior, in Herb. Y. Mueller
and others which niay belong to this species but cannot be determined with any cer-
tainty. R. Drummondii, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 52, from W. Anstralia, Druminond,
n. 133, seems to be a half-starved small and narrowdeaved state of this specics. The
flowers are said to be dicecious, our specimens are not sufficient to ascertain whether
they are really so. I have not seen Drummond^s n 715, described by Moq. l.c. as R.
parvifolia, but the character entirely agrees with that of the small broad-leaved Ibrms
of i?. crassifolia.

6. R. Preissii, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 49. A much branclied
slend(M- divavicate undershrub, usually gTeen or slig'htly hoary except
the inilorescence which is whiter. Leaves mostly alternate, linear or
linear-oblong-, obtuse, contracted into a petiole, thick and ilesliy, green
or scarcely hoary, llat or with incurved margins, | to 1 in. long'.
Flowers and fruits of R. crassijulia, of whicli this may prove to be a
variety witli longer leaves and with the inilorescence usually more
elongated and slender. — i?. linifuliu. Nees in Pl. Preiss. i. 03?, not of
R. Br.

W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, n. 716, Preiss, n. 125; eastern interior
of W. Australia, Harper.

7 . R. obovata, Moq. Chmop. Enum. 10, and in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 51.
An erect scrubby shrub, more or less hoary or white. Leaves alternate
or liere and there opposite, from broadly ovate obovate or ovate-hastate
to oblong', obtuse, contracted into a petiole, thick and fleshy, flat or
slightly concave, equally hoary or mealy-white on both sides wlien
young, the okler ones oiten turning black or lead colour when dry, ^
to 1 in. long". Flowers as in the two preceding species in distinct
clusters in a simple interrupted spike or slightly branchecl panicle, about
the size of those of R. Billardieri. Fruiting perianth not exceeding the
perfectly ripe fruit.

TV. Australia. Sharks Bay, Mdne, Denliam. The specimens described by Mo-
quin are said to be from the south and west coast of Australia, but were probably all
from Sharks Bay, the Australian stations in the herbarium of the Paris Museum being
very frequently erroneous.

8. R. spinescens, R. Br. Prod. 408. A divaricately branched
rather slender shrub, usually low and straggling or prostrate, sometimes
more erect and bushy and attaining several ft., mealy-white or at
length nearly glabrous, the smaller branchlets often (but not always)
terminating in slender spines. Leaves mostly alternate, obovate ovate
orbicular or deltoid, in some specimens nearly i in. long', rather narrow,
thin and but slightly mealy, in others all under \ in. broad, rather
thick and very mealy-white, witli many intermediate states, always flat
or concave. Flowers small, polygamous, in small clusters or almost
feolitary in short terminal interrupted spikes or panicles, or almost

10(! xcvi. CHKNOPouiACE^E. [lihagodia.

soliturv in tlic u])per nxils. Fruit sinall (1} lines diameter wlien dry),
tlie ])eri:inth ex])an(led under it but uot jjrojectiug- beyond. — Moq. in
DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 08.

Queensland. Buidckiu liver, i^. J/Me^/er; near llockhamjiton, nire, 0' Shanesy ;
Anuaiilla, lUirton.

N. S. 'Wales. l.iverpool jilains and Laclilan rivcr, A. Cunningliam ; Darling
river, Mitcltell; anJ thence to the Barrier llange, Victorian Expedition ; Castkreagh
river, C. Moore.

Victoria. Murray and Avoca rivers, F. Jlueller.

S. Australia. Spencer"s Gulf, li. Brown ; Cudnaka and Mnrray river, F. Muel-
ler ; Gawler Ranges, 6'ulliran; N.E. ofLake Gairdner, Bahhage.

II. jirostrdta, A. Cunn. llerb. ; Moq in DC Prod. xiii. ii. 52, is described from speci-
nicn.s which liave no spines, biit wb.ich in all other respects agree with B.spinescens, and
niay be either au unarmed variety or a mere state in which the spiues are not yet de-
veloped.

1). R. hastata, 7?. Br. Prod. 408. A ]iroeumbent or divaricately
bvanched undershnd), s]ireading- to 2 or 3 ft., g-reen or slightly mealy-
wliite when young-. Leaves ojijiosite or rarely alternate, ])etiolate,
ovate-hastate or almost rhomboidal, very obtuse or emarg-inate, the
basal lobes short obtuse or rarely acute, under 1 in. and often under J
in. long'. Fhjwers small, clustered, usually in compact simjjle or slig-htly
branclied spikes, either terminal or in the upper axils and shorter than
the leaves, rarely more slender and elon^ate. Perianth-cUvisions ob-
long', not contracted at the base or stipitate as in Chcnopodiuni triangu-
lare, which this species sometimes resembles. Fruit J to | Hne diameter,
usually red. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 63.

Queensland. Rockhampton, Dallachy and others ; Nerkool Creek, Bowman ;
Jloretoii Bay, Leichhardt, C. Stuart.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Broirn and others ; Liverpool phiins, A. Cun-
nincjliam; New Enghuid, C. Stuart; Hastings river, .BecHer.

Victoria. Bacchus niarsh, F. Mueller.

10. R. nutans, li. Br. Prod. 408. Herbaceous, prostrate or pro-
cumbent and slender, often extending- to 1 to 2 ft., g-reen or the young-
foHag-e more or less mealy-white, the stems rarely almost woody at the
base, Leaves opposite or here and there alternate, on rather slender
petioles, from broadly hastate with very prominent basal lobes to ian-
ceolate and ang-uhir only at the base, always acute, rather thin and
green, rarely 1 in. long- and often all under | in., the upper ones
g"radually smaller. InHorescence simple or with a few short branches,
terminal or in the upper axils, under 1 in. long- or rarely elong-ated,
sometimes nodding- at the end, sometimes slightly leafy at the base,
with one or two solitary flowers or small clusters in the axils of the
uppor leaves. Howers very small, the males with 2 or 3 stamens and
a rudimentary j)istil, the lemales without any or with only 1 stamen.
Fruit a1)out h lino diameter, the pericarp red and succulent "when fresh,
thin wlien dry.— .Alo^j. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 53; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.
i. 312.

Queensland. P.ri.sbanc river, F. Muelkr ; Curriwillighie, Dalton.

N. S. Wales. Lachlan river, A. Cunningham ; Laclilan and Darling rivers to the

IiJui{J0diu.] XCVI. CIIKNOrODIACE.Ti:. 157

Barrier Range, Victorian and otlicr Expedltions ; Ilahtings river, BccJdcr ; IJallandooI
river, Locker.

Victoria. AV^^entlu vaie, Rvhertson ; Tambo river, F. Miidlcr ; Creswick, Whan.

Tasmania. Derwent river, 11. JJroivn, J. D. Hoolcer ; abunilant in piains near.
Eoss, Uuun; S. Esk river, C. Stuart.

S. Australia. Kangaroo island, R. Broum ; MuiTay rivcr, Salt Creek, Port Aile-
laide, F. Mueller ; towards Cooper's Creek, Wheeler, JlowitVs Erpcdition.

12. R. linifolia, li. Br. Prod. 408. A diffiise or proeinnbent horl)
or luiderslirul), iuore slender even tlian 1{. nntans and like tliat speeies
gTeen or the _voun<)- shoots very sho-htly mealy. Leaves alternate,
linear or linear-hineeolate, rather acute, contracted into a short petiole,
thin and g-reen on hoth sides, from under ^ in. to nearly 2 in. lono-.
Inllorescenee ahnost fihform, rarely ahove 1 in. long-, simple or sliyhtly
hranched or forming" a slender divaricate leafy panicle. Flowers very
small, solitary or in small chisters, the feinales mostly peihceHatc.
Perianth giabrous. Fruit smaller than in any other species, the peri-
carp red and pulpy when fresh, thin when dry. — Moq. in DC. Prod.
xiii. ii. 49.

Queexisland. Broad Sound, R. Brown; Bay of Inlets, Banhs and Solandir ; in
tlie iiiterior, Mdchell; Curriwilligbie, Dalton ; Darling Downs, Lau ; Rockbampton,
O' Shancsij.

N. S. Wales. Hunter's river, A. Cunningha^n ; in tbe interior, Leichhurdt ;
Camden district, Woolls ; New England, C. Stuart ; Ballandool river, Locker.

2. CHEN"OPODIUM, Linn.
(Ambrina, 3Ioq., Blituni, Moq. {partly).

Flowers hermaphrodite or rarely polygamous. Perianth herhaceous,
deeply divided into 5 or rarely 4 or 8 lobes or seg-ments which are
obtuse and concave or rarely acute and erect, scarcely altered or shg-htly
enlarg-ed after flowering-. Stamens 5 or fewer, filaments fihform or
flatteued. Ovary giobuhir or ovoid ; styles 2 or rarely 3, usuall}^ united
at the hase. Fruit depressed or ovoid, partially or completely covered
by the persisteut perianth, pericarp dry, membranous, distinct from or
inseparable from the seed. 8eed htjrizontally llattened, or vertical and
less compressed ; testa crustaceous ; cmbryo circuhir, enclosing- a mealy
albumen. — Herbs or rarely shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate,
fiat, entire toothed or divided. Flowers small, sessile in chisters, either
axiUary or in interrupted terminal spikes or panicles.

The genus is widely distributed over the globe, but appears to be really indigenous
chiefly in temperate and subtropical regions, sonie species, including fbur of the Austra-
lian ones, probably of European origin, are amongst the most generally dispersed weeds
of cultivation. Of the reniaining eight Australian specics one is also in New Zea-
land and New Caledonia, the other seven appear to be endemic although one of them is
perbaps too closely connected with an East Asiatic one.

The precise limits to be assigned to the genus are as yet very uncertain. The last
four species Iiere included, with tho seeds all ercct and the inflorescence axillaiy, are
certainly nearly allied to the European Blita originally characterized by the succulent
perianth, but recently extended to the majority of Clienopodia with erect seeds. Tho
adoption of ihe latter character entails however the assigning C. nitrariacea and C.

158 xcvr. CHENOPODiACE^. [C^ienopodhm.

Bomis-ltenrmis \o BlHum, a niost minatural cnniblnalion, antl leaves C. glavann and
C ruhrum, in wliiiii the seetis ofsonie oftlie flowers are often erect, ambignons between
the two genera. I have therefore followcd F. IMueller in reuniting them, at least as to
the Austrnlian species, and the very variable consi.stent:e of the fruiting perianth in C
cnriiiatvm and C. riibriim, leaves it very doublful whethereven the Linnean Blila, with
their berry-like fruits, can be distinctly separated from Chenopodium.

Sect 1. Rhagodioides. — Spinescent shrub. Floicer-clustcrs in terminal spihes.
Seeds vcrlical.
Plant hoary or mealy-white. Leaves entire 1. C. nitrariacea.

Sect. 2. Chenopodiastrum. — Herhs meaJy-wlite or glahroiis. Flower-clusters in.
terminal or axilhiri/ sjjikes or panicles. Seeds all or mosthj horizontal.

Erect and mealy-wiiite or almost glabrons. Spikes terminal, often
paniculate.
Leaves (nsually very lioary or white) entire or very rarely hastate 2. C. auricomum.
Leaves (green or mealy-white underneath or on both sides) at

lcast the lower ones coarsely sinuate-totithed 3. C. album.

Erect gieen annual. Cymes or panicles axillary and loose.

Leaves broad, coarsely-toothed 4. C. murale.

Decumbent or prostrate herbs (mostly annual).
Leaves entire or hastate. Stamen usually 1.

Stems weak and elongated. Leaves green or scarcely mealy.

Flower-clusters in terminal interrupted spikes .... 5. C triangulare.
Stems short, much-branched. Leaves smali, mealy. Flower-

clusters smaii in the upper axils or scarcely spicate . . . G. C micro^jhyllum,
Lower leaves sinuate-toothetJ, mostly green above, white under-

neath. Stamen usualiy 1 7. C. ghiui-vm.

Sect. 3. Botryois. — Erect glandular aromatic herhs or undershrubs not mealy.
Seeds all or mosthj horizontal.

Leaves narrow, mostly sinuate-toothed. Flower-clusters axillary,

forming a leafy panicle 8. C ombrosioides.

Sect. 4. Orthosporum. — iJecumbent glandular herhs not mealy. Seeds all vev'
tical. Hoicer-clusters all axillary.

Perianth-segments broad, concave with a thickencd kecl ... 9. C carinatum.
Perianth-segments narrow, nearly erect, with a thickened keel.

Minute filiform plant 10. C. pumilio.

Perianth-segments linear, erect, the keel dilated into a broad

fringcd wing or crest 11. C cristatum.

Perianth-segments lanceolate, erect, the keel much thickened and

angular at the base 12. (7. atriplicinum.

Sect. 1. Rhagodioides. — Spinescent slinib. Flower-clusters in ter-
minal spikes. Seeds all vertical.

1. C. nitrariacea, F. Mndl. A rigid divaricately Lranched or
prostrate shrul) or undershruh, hoary or mealy-white all over with a
minute tomentum, the smaller branchlets often spinescent but not
nearly so slender as in I{hnf/odia spincsccns. Leaves alternate, sometimes
chistered at the base of the llowering- branchlets, Hnear oblong- or Hnear-
spathuhite, very obtuse, entire, contracted into a short i^etiole, from
under -^ in. to nearly 1 in. long;. Fh)wers sessile, usually chistered in
interrupted or dense spikes, either siniple and terminal or forming
short divaricate branches to a terminal panicle, mostly hermajilirodite

Cfienopodium.] xcvi. chenopodiace^. 159

witli a few males intermixed. Perianth-segments broad, thick, con-
cave, slit>-htly imhricate in the bnd. Stamens 5, shortly exserted, tlie
filaments tlat and alabrous. Ovarv ovoid, erect, tlie styles short, rather
thick, united at the base. Fruit enclosed in the unaltered perianth.
Pericarp membranous. Seed erect, Hat ; embryo circinate, tlie radicle
usually inferior. — Wuiijodia nitrtiriucca, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Inst.
Vict. ii. 78.

N. Australia. N. W. coast, Bynoe, tlie speciniens in bud and in some nieasiire
donbtfal.

N. S. ^Vales. Darling river, Victorian E.vpeclition, Mrs. Ford.

Victoria. Jlurray and Avoca rivers, F. Mueller.

'W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond.

8onie other spccimens referred to tbis species by F. Mueller aj)pear to me to belong
to JiJiar/odia spinesecns, but are too yonng to detcrniine. In all tbose whicb I bave
quoted as typical^ 1 have uniformly fouud the seed, eitber ah-eady enlarged after flovver-
ing or quite ripe, erect and enclosed in a tbin dry pericarp.

Sect. 2. Chenopodiastrum, Moq. — Herbs, mealy-white or gla-
brous. Flower-clusters in terminal or axillary spikes or panicles. Seeds
all or niostly liorizontal.

2. C. auricoimim, Liiidl. in Mitck. Trop. Austr. 94. Erect and
probably tall, more or less white or hoary all over, apparently her-
baceous and not spinescent. Leaves on rather long* petioles, ovate or
oblong', very obtuse, entire or rarely hastate with prominent basal
lobes, mostly f to l^ in. long-. Flowers in little dense globular clusters
along- the branches of a terminal panicle, sometimes distinct and rather
distant, sometimes crowded into dense spikes. Perianth-seg-ments
l)road, concave, closing- over the fruit. Stamens 5, shortly exserted.
Ovary small, g-lobular, contracted into a long- neck or united base of
the styles. Pericarp depressed-globose, membranous. Seed very flat,
horizontal. Embryo annular. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 460.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river and Sturfs Creek, F. Mueller ; GulfofCar-
pentaria, Landshorongh ; in the interior, M'Doucdl StuarVs Erpedition.

Queensland. Narran river, Mitchell; Curriwinigbie, Dalton ; Suttor and Bowen
rivers, Boicman.

N. S. Wales. Darling river and Duroodon, Victorian Expedition.

Tbis species undoubtedly comes near to some forms of C. album, differing in its
entire more tomentose leaves and larger flowers. It appears to be still more closely
allied to and perhaps not really distinct from the East Asiatic C. acuminatum, Wilb].

C. furfuraceum, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 64, from tlie Straits of Entrecasteaux,
Tasmania, is unknown to me. Tbe cbaracter given agrees with that of C. auric.o-
mum, of wbicb bowever I bave seen no specimen from Tasmania, nor from the soutb
coast of the continent of Australia.

8. C. album, Linn. ; Moc^. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 70. A toug-h annual
usually erect, 1 to 2 ft. hig'h, of a pale green or more or less mealy-
white, especially the ilowers and the under side of the leaves. Leaves
petiolate, the lower ones ovate or rhomboidal, more or less sinuate-
toothed or ang-ular, the upper ones usually narroAv and entire. Clusters
of Howers in short dense or interrupted spikes, simple or slig-htly
branched, the lower ones axillary, the upper ones or sometimes nearly

KJO xcvi. CHENOPODiACE^. [Cficnopodium.

iill in a lonp- terniinal panicle leafy at tlie base. Segments of tlie
fruitinu' i^eriantli broad, concave, somewliat tliicker in the centre or
keeled, contracted and iinited at tlie base, completely closing- over the
fniit. Stamens usually 5. Seeds all horizontally tiattened, smooth aud
shinino*, the pericarp exceedingly thin. — C. lanceuJatum, R. Br. Prod.
40? ; Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 62 ; C. Bromneanum, Roem. and Schult.
Syst. vi. '270.

Queensland. Nerkool Creek, Bowman ; Armadilla, Barton ; AVarwick, Beclder
(tlie specimcn bad and soraowhat doubtiul).

N. S. Wales. ralerion's uveT, li. Brown ; Liverpool plains, Leichhardt ; Para-
matta, ^Voolls.

Victoria. Melljourne, Adamson ; Baccluis marsh and Snowy river, F. Mueller;
Skipton, Whnn.

yjV. Australia. Driimmond. n. 224.

'1 lic s])(cies is a very common weed in Europe and temperate Asia, and has spread as
snch over many other parts of the world. Whether it be really indigenous or introduced
oniy into .Xustralia is uncertain. In N. S. Wales and Queensland it is said to be known
under the name of Fat Hen.

C. biforme, Nees in Pl. Preiss. i. 626, from Swan river, Preiss, n. 1256, described
from a single specimen which I have not seen, may be one of the iiumerous forms of
C. alhum. It is described as having the infiorescence flowers and indumentum of C.
album, but witli the leaves, especially in their dentation, more like those of C. murale,
to which Moquin refers it in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 69.

4. C. murale, Linn. ,• Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 00. A rather stout
erect or decumbent much branched annual, from under 1 ft. to nenrly 2
ft. higli, usually green, but sometimes with a shght whitish meal on the
voung- shoots. " Leaves on long- petioles, broadly ovate triangular or
rhomboidal, deeply and irregularly toothed, 1 to above 2 in. long.
Flowers small, green or slightly mealy, the clusters in much-branched
rather slender spikes, formmg- "loose leafless cymes or panicles usually
much shorter than or rarely as long as the leaves, almost all axillary,
rarely lateral or terminal. 'Segments of the fruiting- perianth broad,
concave, somewhat keeled, closing over the fruit or nearly so. Stamens
usually 5. Seeds all horizontally flattened, oparpie or somewhat rugose,
the margins thick and obtuse or thin and acute. Pericarp not readily
separable from the seed. — C. erosutn, R. Br. Prod. 407 ; Moq. in DC.
Prod. xiii. ii. 68 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 813.

Queensland. Pockhampton, rare, 0' Shanesy.

Victoria. Near IMelbourne, Murray river, and Gipps Land, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Kent's Group, Bass's Straits, R. Broicn.

This is another European weed now widely dispersed over various temperate and
warin regions of the globe. The Australian specimens I have seen are mostly single
ones, and it is thLrcfore probably introJuced only. 15rown's specimens have tlie intio-
resccnces morc coniiuut, but they are stiil in young bud and somc European oncs are
prccisciy siniilar to theni.

6. C. triangulare, li. Br. Prod. 407. Stems weak procumbent or
strag'gbng', exteuding sometimes to 2 ft. or more, the whole phmt gTeen
or with but little of white meal on tlie young* slioots. Leaves on rather
long petioles, from ovate to oblong or to broadly hastate in the typical
form, obtuse or siiortly mucronate, under 1 inch long, the upper ones
often and sometimes all lanceohite. Flowers very small, in chisters or

Chenopodium.'] xcvi. chenopodiace^. 161

little cymes in a terminal internipted spike or along; tlie sliort distant
branclies ofa slender terminal panicle, or the lower oncs in the axils
of the upper leaves. Peiianth-seg-ments broad and concave, sometimes
closing- over and covering- the fniit, sometimes smaller and much con-
tracteii at the base. Stamen usually 1. Styles short. Seed ilat,
horizontal, about h line diametor, in a very thin membranous ])cricarp.
— C. trujonon, Roem. and Schult. Syst. vi. 27 o ; Moq. in DC Prod. xiii.
ii. Qb.

Queensland. Armadiihi, Barton.

Vt. S. "Wales. raramatta, Woolls ; Namoi river, Leichhardt; New England, C.
Stnart.

'Y\\cA\ah\i \s wea,r\y i\\a.i n^ Rhagodia hastata,h\xt tlie fniit is nevpr succiilent, and
the inflorescence rather different. Tlie ('. tria^ignlare of For.skalil bcing rccluced liy
JMoquin to C. murale, there seems no reason to siippress Brown's name of C. triungidare
for ihe present species.

Var. stelMatum. rerianth-scgnients witli a rather sniall concave himina contracted
at the base into a lincar stipcs (re Inced 10 the somewhat prominent midiib). Leaves
of tbe typical form. — New England, C. Stuurt.

Var. angustifolium. Leaves linear-lanceolate or the lower ones lanceolate-hastats.
Perianth otihe typical form. — To this belong tbe Qucensland specimens aud some from
New England.

6. C. microphyllum, F. Mudl. m Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. ii. 74.
A small much-branched prostrate or ditfuse phmt apparently perennial
and more or less mealy-white. Leaves numerous, small, petiolate, ovate
rhomboidal triangular or broadly hmceolate, entire, 2 to 3 lines lono-,
hoary or white on both sides or becoming- nearly g-reen above. Flowers
few together in small rather loose clusters in the upper axils, scarcely
forming- very short terminal spikes. Perianth very scaly, mealy, the
seg-ments concave, shortly united and keeled but not contracted at the
base. Stamen usually 1. Seed ilat, horizontal.

N. S. Wales. On the Bilbibong, W. Bi^^seft.

Victoria. Bacchns niarsh, i^. Slueller ; Wimmera, Dallachy.

S. Australia. Near the Barossa iiange, Behr. ; Enheld, F. Mueller.

7. C. glaucum, Linn. ; Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 72. An annual,
much-branched diffuse and prostrate or decumbent at the base, the
stems ascending-to 1 ft. or more, g-hibrous striate andfurrowed. Leaves
petiolate, the lower ones broadly hmceolate or ahiiost rhomboidal or
hastate, coarsely sinuate-toothed, often above 1 in. long', the upper ones
gradually smaller narrower and more entire, the uppermost passing' into
sraall bracts, all g-reen above and more or less white underneath.
Flowers small, nearly gdabrous, in clusters or short leafless irregular
spikes, the lower clusters or spikes axillary and much shorter than the
leaves, the upper ones forming* terminal interrupted spikes leafy at the
base only. Perianth-seg-ments rather thin, or the keel somewhat
thickened, closely appressed on the fruit but not completely covering- it.
Stamen usually 1 only. Fruits about h Hne diameter, mostly depressed
with a horizontally flat seed, but some of the lateral ones occasionally
with a vertical seed and the perianth-segments reduced to 4 or 3. —

VOL. V. M

■jgg xcvi. CHEXOPODiACEiE. [Chempodnm.

Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. :J1.3 ; C. ambigmnn, R. Br. Prod. 40? ; Moq. in

DC. Prod. xiii. ii. G?.

N. S. Wales. Paramatta, TFoo//.'!; Ash i.slaiul, ^ecZ7er. />• t j

Victoria. Along the coast from the Glenelg, Holertson and others, to Gipps Land,

F. MiidL r anJ others. i • i i.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, B. Brown ; common on the seacoast near higli-water

mark, /. 1). Hoolcer. .

S. Australia. Kangaroo island, R. Brown ; Bethanie, i'. Mveller.

W. Australia. Drummond, Ji. 225 (in some herbaria 235) ; Port Gregory, Oldfield.

Tlin specics is common in many parts of Europe and temperate Asia, and occurs here
and there in other parts of tlie globe. , ,_,,,.

C. littmde. Moq. in DC. Pn.d. xiii. ii. 65, described from a speciraen of Caley s in
tlie Paris Herbarium, wliich 1 have not seen, may, from the cbaracter given, be a form
either of this species or of C. albuin.

Sect. 3. BoTRYOis, Moq. — Ghuidular aromatic lierbs or undershrubs,
not mealy. Seeds all or uearly all liorizontal.

*8. C. ambrosioides, IJnn. ; Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. ?2. An
erect inucii-hnincluMl auuual of 1 to 2 ft., not mealy but more or less
g-landular-dotted aud strongly aromatic. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-,
acute or obtuse, the lower oues irreg-ularly toothed or sinuate, con-
tracted into a short petiole, from uuder 1 in. to above 2 iu. long-, the
upper ones smaller and entire, passing- into small huear or huear-
laucoolate acute petiohite bracts, all green on both sides, g-hnichdar
underueath. Flowers very small and numerous, sohtary or chistered
in the axils of bracts which are either miuute or leafy and h)Ug-er than
the chisters, the chisters forming- more or less leafy sleuder iuterrupted
spikes, arranged in a hirg-e hnify ])auich^ occupying- the g-reater part of
the phint. Fruiting- periauth about \ hne diameter, the lobes short,
completely or ahnost comi^letely covering- the fruit. Seeds smooth and
shiuiug-, :dl or mostly horizontah

Queensland. Moreton Bay, F. Mtieller; Kockhampton, O^Shanesy.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, E. Brown and others ; New Enghind, C. Stuart.

W. Australia, Drnmmond, n. 207.

A coninion wced in southern Europe, ncrthern Africa, and wistcrn Asia, and spread
with cultivation over many parts of the world. It is probably introdnced only into
xVu.stralia as suggettcd in K. Browu's notes, and on that account omitted in his Pro-
dromus.

Sect. 4. Orthosporum, R. Br. — Decumbent glanduhir herbs not
mealy. Seeds all verticah Flower-clusters aU axiUary.

9. C. carinatum, R. Br. Prod. 40?. Stems mucli-branched and
procumbent or prostrate at the base, ascending- to from ^ to 1 ft. or
more, the whole phiut more or less glanduhir-pubescent. Leaves on
long' i^etioles, ovate or oblong-, obtuse, coarsely siuuate-toothed, usually
rather thick and rug-ose, g-hindtihir-scabrous on both sides, ^ to 1 in.
long-, tlie upper Horal ones often much reduced, and sometimes all the
leaves almost orbictdar and smalh Flowers small, in dense g-lobular
clusters in ahnost all the axils, the uj)])er ones sometimes forming- in-
terrupted more or less leafy spikes. Perianth-seg-ments erect, incurved,

Chenopodium.] xcvi. chenopodiace^. 163

broadly oblong-, concave and almost boat-shaped, with a thickened
broad obtiise keel, more or less pubescent or hirsute. Stamen iisiuilly
1. P^ruit snudl, ovoid, erect, the pericarp insef^arable from the seed. —
Sal.^ola cari/iata, Si^renji-. Syst. i. 923 ; Ambrina carinata, Moq. Chenop.
Enum. 41 ; Blitam carinatum and B. fflandulosvm, Moq. in DC. Prod.
xiii. ii. 81, 82; Chenopodium fflandulosiim, F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 11,

Queensland. Jlorcton Bay, W. Hill, F. Jlueller, and others ; Peak Downs, F.
Muellvr ; Riickliainptun, O^Shaiiesi/: Avmix>\\\h\, Barton.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson,' R. Brown, J. D.Honler; Bengalla, Leichhardt;
Clarcnce river, Beclder ; Murr.iy and Darling rivers, Victorian and otlier Expedition-f.

Victoria. Yana-Yarra, F. Mucller ; Skipton and Creswick, Whan; Lockwood,
Bissd.

S. Australia. Bethanie, Behr. ; Mount Barker, Lofty Eansres, Lake Torrens, F.
3Iueller.

W, Australia, Drummoncl, n. 165, 715.

The species is also in New Zealand and New Caledonia. Tn most of Drummond'8
specimens and in some othcrs, the frniting perianth bas a tendency to dry hlack and be-
come rather thick, showing an approach to the European typical Blita.

10. C. pumilio, i?, Br. Prod. 407, A branching- decumbent filiform
annual of about 1 in,, more or less hoary with crisped or g-kmdular hairs.
Leaves on slender petioles, ovate or oblong-, entire, 1 to 2 lines long*.
Flowers minute, axillary, soHtary or 2 or 3 together on very short
pedicels, Periantli-seg-ments 4 or 5, linear, erect, concave, slig-htly
incurved, nearly ^ line long- when in fruit, hirsute with a few crisped
hairs, — Blittm jjumilio, Moq, in DC. Prod, xiii, ii, 82; Ambrina pumilio,
Moq, Chenop, Enum. 42,

S. Australia. Kangaroo island, R. Brown. Possibly a diminutive form of C. cari-
natum.

11. C. cristatum, F. Mucll. Frafffn. vii. 11. DifFuse or procumbent,
with ascending- flowering- branches of 1 fc. or more, the whole plant
slig-htly g-landular-pubescent. Leaves on long- petioles, from ovate to
oblong--lanceolate, obtuse, coarsely toothed, narrowed at the base, h to
1 in. long", gTeen and g-landular-scabrous on both sides. Flowers in
dense g-lobular clusters, all axillary. Perianth-seg-ments linear, erect,
not incurved, acute, about 1 line long- when in fruit, the keel dilated
into a broad fring-ed crest or wing-. Fruit ovoid, erect, enclosed in the
perianth. Styles very slender, — Blitum cristatum, F. Muell. in Traus.
Phil. Inst. Vict. ii. 73.

N. S. Wales. Darling river, Victorian Expedition.

Victoria. Murray river, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Fliuders Eange, F. Mueller.

12. C. atriplicinum, F. Muell. Fraffm. vii. 11. Apparently peren-
nial, branching- at the base only, with numerous ascending- "^or erect
stems under 1 ft. and often under 6 in,, flowering- from near the base,
of a pale green and slig-htly g-landular-pubescent, Lower leaves on
long- slender petioles, from lanceolate to broadly hastate, otherwise
entire, rather thick, | to 1 in, long-, the upper ones smaller lanceolate
and entire, but all petiolate, Flowers in dense sessile axillary clusters

M 2

Ig4 xcvi. CHEXOPODiACE^. [Chenopodium.

shorter thau the petioles. Perianth-segments 4 or 5, erect, lanceolate,
rather ahove 1 line long-, the points somewhat spreading-, the keel
much tliickened and irregiilarly angiihir at the hase. Stamen 1. Seed
erect, nio-ose, enclosed in the perianth. — BUtum atriplicinum., F. Muell.
in TransrVict. Inst. 1855, 133, and in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 204.

N. S. Wales. Darling desert, Victorian Expedition.

Victoria. Wimniera, Dallacliy.

S. Australia. Flinders Rauge, F. Ilueller.

3. DYSPHANIA, R. Br.

Flowers poljgamous. Perianth of 1 to 3 minute segTnents, which
■when in fruit are clavate, concave or hood-shaped, white and almost
transparcnt. Stems 1 to 3. Ovary ovoid ; styles 1 or 2, very finely
fiUform. Fruit ovoid, the pericarp inseparahle from the seed. Seed
erect testa crustaceous with a verv thin memhranous inner integument.
Emhrvo circuhir enclosing- a mealy alhumen ; radicle inferior. — Small
annuals. Leaves alternate, flat, entire. Fh:)wers minute, in chisters
eithor all axilhirv or in terminal spikes, the females numerous, the her-
maphrodite ones few in each cluster.

The genus is limited to Australia. It is nearly allied to tlip section Orthosporum of
Chenojjodium, hnt readily disiinguislied by tlie reiiiaikable periMnth.
Fruiting perianth of 3 (rarelj' 2) segments falling off wiih the
fnut. St.vle 1. Phint of 1 to 3 in.

Flower-clusters forming a dense terniinal leafless spike . . . 1. D. plantaginella.

Flower-clusters ch)bely contiguous but axidary, foruiing a leafy

spike 2. D. littoralis.

Fniiiiiigperianth usually of a single segment. Styles 2. Plant

ofStoGin. Flower-clusters aUa.xillary ani.1 distinct ... 3. D. myriocphala.

1. D. plantaginella, F. Mudl. Frafim. i. Cl. An erect hranching-
annual of 1 to 3 in., slig-htly g-hinduhir-hairy. Stem leavesin the lower

fiart of the phint petiuhite, ovate or ohovato, ohtuse, entire, 2 to 41ines
ong'. Flowers resemhling- those of D. littoralis, hut the clusters crowded
in dense terminal cyhndrical leafless spikes of 1 to 2 in., and conse-
quently occupying* the greater portion of the phant. Perianth of 3
obovato-clavate concave segments, ahout \ line long-, and falHng- ofi" with
the fruit. Style 1, very deciduous.
N. Australia. Sturl's Creek, F. JliteUer.

2. D. littoralis, 7?. Br. Prod. 411. A small plant apparently annual,
although somctimes hard and perhaps fleshy at the hase, with ascend-
ing" hranching" stems of 2 to 3 in., glahrous or nearly so. Leaves all
petiohite, ovate or ohlonp:, ohtuse, entire, rather thick and sometimes
ileshy, not ahove 2 Hnes long-. Flower-clusters all axilhiry, hut nearly
all close tog-ether, forming- a terminal leafy s])ike occu])ying- the g-reater
part of the ])lant, the lower clusters sometimes rather more distant.
Flowers numerous in the cluster, chiefly ftmales. Perianth of 3 or
rarely 2 seguneuts falling- ofl" tog-ether and euclosing- the fruit, the seg'-
ments all equal, obovate, clavate, concave, contracted at the base, about \

JDi/spkania.] xcvi. chenopodiace^. 165

line lonti-. Fruit still shorter, obovoid, somewhat ohlique ; style 1, very
finely filiform and very deciduous. Stamens 1 or 2 but dilficult to find,
the anthers falling- otf early from the very minute llowers.

N. Australia. ]\Ioist salt places on tl.e N. coast (snatched iip in tlie hiirry of
escnpi" ticni an armed nalive in close pursuit, and never seen aj;ain), Ji Brown.
S. Australia. l"'looded ground S. ot" Wills Creek, HowitC^s Exjjedition.

3. D. myriocephala, Bcnth. A diffuse or proctuiibent g-labrous or
slig'htly glandular-pubescent annual, much larg-er than the two preced-
ing' species, although the ascending- branching' stems rarely exceed 6
in. Leaves petiolate, oblong- or lanceolate, obtuse or scarcely acute,
rarely above \ in. long-. Flower-clusters all axillary and distinct, very
numerous, occupying the greater part of the plant, giobular and scarcely
exceeding- 1 line in diameter when in fruit, and often much smaller,
although containing- 10 to 20 or evenmore llowers, chieily females, witli
a very few herm-aphrodite or male ones. Segments of the fruiting'
perianlh sing'le and falling" off separately, about \ line long', obovoid-
clavate and as it were inilated, shortly contracted at the base. Seed
ovoid like that of D. littoruUs, but more regular and slightly flattened ;
styles 2, very fine, but shorter than the single one of D. Uttoralis. Sta-
mens 1 or 2, with very short broad filaments and comparatively larg-e
anthers. — D. UttoraUs, Moc{. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 80, not of R. Br.

Victoria. Sandy occasionally fiooded banks of the Murray near the junction of the
Gol<jn!, F. Mueller.

\IV. Australia, Drummond, n. 20G.

M(iqnin's description is taken !rom a specimen of Drumniond's in •which he had cor-
rectly observed the two styles, but in which 1 have ahvays found in every c.nsier as
many or nearly as many fiuits as eniargrd perianlh-sei;nients, but as ihese fall oft" sepa-
rately, it is difticult to asceitain wlietlier tliere ma}- not soinctimes be two to one fruit.
Moquin in describing three has probably folluwed Brown's character founded on the
true D. litturalis.

4. ATRIPLEX, Linn.
(Obione and Theleopliyton, Moq.)

Flowers unequal. Male perianth nearly globular, deeply divided
into 5, rarely fewer seg-ments. Stamens 5 or fewer. Female perianth
very small at the time of flowering-, 2-toothed or 2-lobed, enclosing
the ovary. Styles 2, free or united at the base. Fruiting- perianth much
enlarg-ed and variously shaped, the tube very small or large, flat or
variously thickened, the limb of 2 varioush- shaped segments or vulves
closely appressed, at least at the margin (except in A. campamdatd), en-
tire or toothed. Fruit entirely enclosed in tlie tube or between the
valves. Pericarp membranous, ver}- thin. Seed compressed, vertical ;
testa crustaceous, often thin with a very thin inner integuraent some-
times scarcely distinct. Embryo surrounding' a mealy albumen, the
radicle superior lateral or inferior. — Herbs or shrubs, more or less
mealy or scaly-tomentose. Leaves alternate or tlie lower ones rarely
opposite, flat, entire hastate or sinuate-toothed. Male flowers in
giobular clusters, either detached from the females in close or interrupted

lOG xcvi. CHENOPODIACE.I:. [Atriplex.

simple or ptiniculate t?i)ikes, or axillary and then each cluster usually
surrounded b}' females ; female llowers usually in axillary clusters,
rarely solitary or the chisters in terminal k^aHess panicles. Bracts sub-
tenihng- the male as well as the female llowers usuallj minute, or quite
obsolete.

Thp gcnns is -widely (listrilnited over most parts nf the sxlolio, chiefiy in maritime or
siibsiliiie districts, some species also freqiienting rich cultivateii gr lunds. Ot' the tliiity
Au-~tialian species, one is a common Euvopean weed of cnltiv.ition possibly of modern
introdiiction inlo Anstralia, two are also in New Zealand, the others appt-ar all to be
end<-mic, for altliough one is nearly allied to a New Caledonian species, anotlier to a
Snuth Alrican one, and oihcrs niay lie more or less conipared with other exntic ones,
there are none wliich I liave been able prccisely to ideniify. 'J he specific characters
are in many instamies takcn cliiefly from the fruiling perianths, wliich are so extraordi-
narily diver^ified in the gcniis, and which evi-lently vary aiso to a certain degree even
on ihe same individual. It may therefbre possibly be shown hcreafter that in some in-
stances tlie dislinctions here relied upou may not prove suflficiently constant to retain
their spccific value.

Moquin, relying apparently on observatinns communicated by Fengl, considcrs that
the lobes or vaives of tlie feinale perianth of Atri/dexaye really bracts (bracteoles), for,
he says, in monslrous female flnwers of Atriplex and normaily in Exomis, minute
perianth-segments occur wiihin thcse bracts. Trusting imphcitly to his observatious I
ehould, with most recent botanists, have adofited his views, but tiiat, on a careful ex-
amination of the vaiious forms assunied by tliis perianth in Australian species and of its
Btructure at the time of floweriug, I couid by 110 means reconcile its insertion and de-
velo|jmcnt with any other view than tliat of its bcing thf homologue of the male perianth.
This iiiduced nie to examiiie a considerable number of flowers and fruits of botli species
o{ Eri mis. In E. allicuns 1 fiml the structure quite tliat of Atriplex, nor can I discuver
an\tlii-)g that might be taken for minute perianth-segnienls unless it be sometimes some
rudiraentaiy stamens. A sniall adilitional peiianth-lobe oc( urrcd cni^e, not inside of the
two valves, but in their sinus on one side, and I have occasiiinally but veiy rarely seen
thiee valves to ihc peiiantli of Atr'rple.v. In Exomi.s a.ryrioides the case is qnite dif-
ferent. I find the female pcrianth alortive or reduced to niinute scales and tlie quasi-
Jctiolate biacls describrd by iMoqniii appear to mc to be real subtending bracts or floral
eaves, one only to each tlower, althougli when iii frnit, owing to tlie abnrlion of some of
the nvaries, thcre may be 2 or 3 bracts to (me fruit. biil never twn opposite onos iinited
at the base aiid enclosing the friiit, as in Atriplex and in .Exomis albicans, which latter
species ou^lit sur.ly to be rcsiored to Atri/At-x.

A few mndern botani.sts have. aftcr Pliny, treated tlie name Atriplex as of the neiiter
instead of the feininine gcndcr. As tlieie is classical authoiity tor both, I have prefened
foll()\ving Linnaeus, De Candolle and the great majority of botanists in treating it as
feminine.

Iii tlie arrangement of the Australian species I have been unable to retain Moquin'8
dislinction between Atriphx and Obione even as seciional The thickening of fhe
peiiaiith over the fruit may be observed in every dcgree from flat aiid membranoua
to haril anii t •letc, aml in species so closely allied as A. infliita and ^-1. liolocarpa, or as
A Draiinnoiidi and A. isatiilea, tlie radicle is superior iii tlie one and inferior or lateral
in the other. 'J hc deviaiinn fmm tbe Tiormal pn.sitinn of the seed, transvcrse instead of
parallel to the valves, in A. Bi hrdieii is remarkable, but is scarcely snfficient fnr scpa-
rating, on that character alnne a single species from a large geiius otherwise so natural
and so well defined.

Rkries 1. Paniculatse. — D.oenovs or .'^emidimcioiis smhi tomentnse sliriihs. tlie male
clusters in more or less branched or paniculute dense or interrupted leafless spikes.
Dicecinus, both sexes paniculate.
Fruiiin}: perianths flat.

Frniting pcrianths reniform. Rpikes in male panicles inter-
ruptcd.

Fruiting perianths on a slender stipes \. A. sti^ntata.

l

Atriplex.] xcvi. chenopodiace^. 167

Fniiting-perianths sessile 2. A. Iloquiniana.

Fruiting perinnths ovale or broadly cordate, with a short solid
base or stipes. Leaves narrow (feniale inflorescence niore

simple and leafy) 3. A. paludosa.

Fruitiiig perianlhs ovate or slightly cordate, qiiite sessile.

Leaves uiDStly oliovate. Feinale panicles more branched 4. A. Drummondii.
Fruiting periiinths with tliick convex valves.

Leaves elliptical or oblong, l.\ to 3 in. Female panicles

brauched 5. A. isatidea.

Leaves mostly orbicnlar, ^ to 1 iu. Female inflorcscence

more simple aud leafy Q. A. nummularia.

Semi-dicecious. Female fiowers solitary or very few in the axils

of tlie stem-leaves of the male plants, more clustered but all

axillary in the females.

Leaves mostiy obiong. Fruiting perianths broadly trianguUir

or rhomboiJ, flat or thiclicned over the fruit, with a turbinate

solid base 1. A. cinerea.

Leaves ovate or lanceolate sometimes hastate. Fruiling peri-
anths thickened to tlie margin.

Fniiting perianths li to 3 lines diaraeter 8. .4. rliagodiodes.

Fruiting periantlis 4 to 5 lines diameter 9.-4. incrassuta.

Series2. Vesicariae. — Small hushy or dfcumhent more or less stah/ tomentose
shruhs, dioeciius or moncecvms. Mule jlowers in short terminal dense spiLes, feinales
ajcillary. Fruitiny perianth orbicular, membranous, withlarge membranous appendages
on eachface.

Leaves obovate or oblong-lanceolate, usually white, 4 to 8 lines

long. Eastern spt-cies mostly monoecious 10. A. vesicaria.

Leaves narrow, less white, mostly 2 to 4 lines long. Western

species mostly dioecious 11. ^. hymenotheca.

Series 3. Oleraceae. — Monoscious annuals usually tall or spreading, green or
slightly menly. Flowers clusiered in the axils and in terminalpanicles. Vulves ofthe
fruiling perianth Jiat or muricate. (Int-oduced species.)
Erect plant of 4 or 5 ft. Leaves broad. Flowers crowded ia a

long panicle. Fruiting perianth broad, thin and flat, the valves

free to the base * A. hortensis.

Erect and 2 or 8 ft., or spreading or procumbent. Leaves narrow
except the L>wer ones. Flowers usually in distant clusters.

Fruiting peri inth tiiickeued ut the basa, t..e valves united to

near tlie midJie 12. A.patula.

Series 4. Glomeratse. — Minoecious decumhent procumhent or spreading herhs,
scalytomentose or very rarely gre.en. Mcde ftoivers in glohular cbis'ers surrounded by
afeic females in the upper ti.vils or rarely forming a short tc.rininal spike, femalcs clus-
tered in the lower axds without males. Fruiting perianths more or Itss compressed,
coiispicuously 2-valved.

Fruiting perianth flat, rhomboidal, the valves free ahnost or quite
to the base. clo ing over the friiit.
Leaves narrow, entire. Male flowcrs in short terminal com-
pact spikes. Fruiting perianth with a small turbinate solid

base 13. ^. humilis.

Leaves broad, mostly sinuate. Male flowers axiilary or the
upper ones spicate. Fruiting perianth triangular with a

broad baKC 14.-4. velutinella,.

Fruiting perianth witli a compressed tnrbinate base half enclosing
the Iruit, shorler than or n^it hmger than the v.ilves
Leaves nearly orbicnlar, about 1 in. diameter. Fruiting peri-
anth stipitate, the valves more than twice as broad as the
tube .15.-4. angulata.

168 XCVI. CHENOPODlACEiE. [AtriplcX.

Leaves narrow, usnally green, 4 to 1 in. lnng. Fruiting peri inth

se-silc, rhoml oidal, ihe valves not bp adcr th:\n tiie nibe . . 16. A. semibaccata.
I.eaves 2 to S lines !( ng. Irniiing jierianth ihonibuidal, ,.bout

1 ine (iiani ter, witli a sho:t soiid base 17. A. exili/olia.

Fniitin? iieriaiilli vith a globdar ovo d or slii;litly compresseJ

tiiUe eMcl<>.--iiifr the fruit, tlie valves shorfer ihan tiie lube,
Sjiri-adiiig ("r ercet ?). L. aves bra 1, ninstly touthed and 2 in.

loi.g or niorc. Fniiting perianth 1 to 1 4 lines dianieter . . 18. A. Mtielleri.
Ditlusj. Leaves cib ivatc or oblong, r.nely above 2 lines long.

Fiuiting iH-vianth 1 to l^ lines diameier ...... 19. A. elachojihylla.

Prixunileiit. Leaves narruw, | to 4 in. lung. Fruiting peiiaiiths

cliisiered, ncarly J line diameter . . . . . . . . . 20. A. microcarpa.

Proslrate. Leavt s narrow, 1 to 2 lines long. Fruiting perianths

clusUTed, scarcely 4 line diameter . _. 21. A. prostrata.

Procumbent. Leaves ovate, 1 to 14 lines lor.g. Fruiting peii-

aiilhs 1 or 2 in the axils, .searcely 4 hne diameter . . . .22. A.pumilio.
Frniling periaiiih niinute, the valves IVei', spieading. Small erect

phint glabrous and preen. Leavcs 2 hnes h.ng 23. A. glomuli/era.

Fruiting peiiaiilh \\ith an obliqnely camiianulate slightly com-
pie^sed tube with apj^endages 011 the shorler face. Valves
toothed, unequal and scarcely appressed 24. A campanulata.

Sehie^ 5. Parviloba. — Monmiovs spnading or j}rncumlent herls or iind rshruls
scahi tomfut se or mea'ij. Injiorescfnre 0/ tle Ghimeratce. Fruiting perianths not
comprissed, endosing tlie/ruii, the orifice small closed bi/ small erect appressed vahes.

Fruiting perianth cylindrical, n;irrow.

Valves of the iVuiiiiig perianth minutc, entire, withoiit appen-

dages 25. .4. leptocarpa.

Valvts 2-hnrned with a minute central lobc and a dorsal appen-

dage beiwecn tlie hdrns 26. ^-1. limlala.

Fruiting pcri.mth inflated and sp :)ngy.

IViiiting i^eiianth hemisphciical or turbinate with an almost

(lat ti.p and acute or wiiiged margin. Eadicle lateral or

almnst inteiior 27. A. halimoides.

Fniiting perianth turbiuate-glohular, 4 to 6 lines diameter.

R .dicle siiperior 28. ^. holocarpa.

Fniiiiiig pciiaiiih depressed-globular, not 2 lincs diameter.

liauicle suj crior 29. .4. spong'osa.

Serifs 6 (orSE.Tif^x 2). Theleophyton. — Monoccious prosfrate crystnlline herb.
Fliwers ariVary. P>riunth oboroid uith short valves. iSeed compressed, ut right
anges uith, not parallel to the valtes.

Siiigle species 30. vL BiUnrdieri.

* A. liortemis, Linn. {Atriplex sect. Dichospermum Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii 90,
91), an crect gicen aiinual ot 4 or 5 ft., with large broad leaves, and numerons flowers
crovvded iii a long terminal panirle, the fniiting peiiaiiths broiid, thin, fiat and entire,
intermixid wiih a few s 1 a 1 iegii!ar 5 cleft peri.iiitlis witli horizuntal secds, a plant of
east EiM-opeaii or west Asiatio oiigin, vcry long cuitivated as a vegetable uiider the
n.une <.f Urache, has beeii scnt fioiu N. S. Walcs and from Victoria as an escajie Irom
gauUnB.

Series 1. PANicuLAT.ai. — Dicecious or semidioecious scaly-tomen-
tose i^hmbs, the male chisters in more or less branched or pnniculate
dens3 or in'errupted leaH.^ss spikes, thc fom.iles either also panicuhtte or
spicate or in axillary chisters.

1. A. stipitata, Benth. An erect bushy rather slender shrub,
scaly white or somewhat fulvous all over. Leaves from obovate to

Atriplex.] XCVI. CHENOPODIACEiE. 169

naiTow-oblong-, very obtuse, cntire, contracted into a short petiole,
mostly rather thick, ^ to | in. long-. Flowers difficious, the males
numerous in little g-lobidar clustavs scarcely 2 lines diameter, all dis-
tinct and somewhat distant, in slightly branched terminal panicles or
ahnost simple spikes ; feniales in smalier chisters, the lower ones often
soHtary in the axils, the upper ones in a somewhat leafy spike or panicle,
some of them sessile ovoid or globuhir shortly 2-lobed, enclosing- an
apparently perfect ovary but soon falhng- otf, the greater number more
or less stipitate at a very early ag-e with broad tlat valves. Fruiting
perianth on a slender stipes of 2 to 4 hnes, with a small campanulate
tube half enclosing- the fruit ; valves ilat, reniform, entire, 4 to 5 lines
broad. Seed orbicuLir, llat, the radicle superior. — A. renifonnis, F.
Muell. Fragm. vii. 9, as to the eastern stations, not of R. Br.

N. S. Wales. Desert of the Darling, Victorian Expedition, Mrs. Ford ; also in
Leichhardt's Cdllettioii.

Victoria. Iti tlie N. W. portion of tbe colonj, L. Morton (the specimens not in
friiit aiid therefnro diubtlul).

S. Australia. Miirray scrub, Behr., F. Mueller ; Gawler's range, Sullivan ;
towards Spencer's Gulf, Warbarton.

2. A. Moquiniana, Wchb. ; Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 97 (from the
character g-iven). A small much-branched scaly-tomentose shrub, with
the habit foliage and intiorescence of A. stipitata but with a ditferent
fruiting" perianth. Leaves obovate or broadly oblong", entire, J ^o f in.
long". Flowers dioecious, the males in distinct g-lobidar clusters usually
smaller than in A. stipitata but forming- simikar panicles ; feniales in
panicles or spikes leafy at the base as in A. stipitata, but I have not
observed in them any dimorphism. Fruiting- j)erianth sessile, orbicular-
cordate or ahnost reniform but usually as long- as broad, flat with
scarcely any tube. Seed orbicidar ; radicle lateral. — A. reniformis, F.
Muell. Fragm. vii. 9, as to the Western specimens.

N. Australia. Bay of Rest, N. W. Coa^t, A. Cnnningham.

W. Australia. Murchison river, Oidfield ; Shaiks Bay, Milne; Abrolhos
islaud<, Bynoe.

3. A. paludosa, li. Br. Prod. 406. An erect spreading- or diffuse
shrub (or undershrub .'') covered with a white or fulvous scaly tomentum.
Leaves lanceohite or oblong, usually narrow, obtuse, entire, contracted
into a short petiole, ^ to 1 in. long-. Flowers dioecious or nearly so,
the males in httle globidar distinct or distant clusters in terminal pani-
cles rarely reduced to interrupted spikes ; the female inflorescence more
simple and leafv, the lower clusters all axillary. Fruiting- perianth on
a thick stipes sometimes very short, sometimes above 1 line long-, the
valves in the typical form broadly ovate-trianguhir, flat, mostly acute,
often toothed towards the base, 2 to 3 lines long- and broail, truncate at
the base and ahnost entirely free. Seed enclosed in the valves, with
a lateral radicle. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 102 (partly).

Victoria. In maritime wet sandy places, Port Albert, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Port Dalryniple, li. Brown.

W. Australia. King George'8 Sound, R. Brown.

170 XCVI. CHENOPODIACKiE. [AtriplcX.

Var. cordata. Friiiting peiianth nearly oibicnlar and broadlj' cordate. — A. reniformis,
K. Br. Tiod. -1U(3; ^lo(|. in DC. l'rod, xiii. ii. lUl.

S. Australia. Kangaroo IslanJ, li. JJrown, WaterJiouse ; Port Adelaide, F.
Muelkr.

Var.? appendiculata. Frniting periantli of the shapeofthat of the var. cor^lata, but
lon"er, at least 5 lines diameter, with a small foliaceous appenila>.'e at the base of the disk
on one side, showing' an approach to tlie perianth of A . vesicaria. — N. W. of the liea 1 of
the Great Bight, Delisser. A sniall fragment in fruit only and tlie affinitj uncertain.
There are aiso in Herb. F. Mueller specimens from various other localities which may
belong to A. paludusa, but being in leaf only they cannot be determined.

4. A. Drummondii, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 102. An erect
busliy slinib attainiiiy 3 or 4 ft., white or fulvous witli a scaly tomen-
tum. Leaves obovate or oblong-, obtuse, entire, contracted into a short
petiole, mostly | to 1 inch long-. Flowers dioecious, both sexes in ter-
minal panicles, the male clusters rather small, in numerous short dense
spikes ; the female panicles rather more leafy at the base with numerous
nowers, the fruiting- panicles dense. Fruiting- perianth Hat, broadly
ovate-triang-uhir, sUghtly cordate, 2^ to 3 Hnes long-, the valves free,
membranous, entire or slig-litly toothed at the base. Fruit liat, raised
on a small thickened base within the valves. Radicle hiteral. — .-1. pulu-
dosa, Nees in Pl. Preiss. i. 633, not of R. Br. ; A. paludosa var. dbovata,
Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 102.

^V. Australia, Drummond. n. 134 {i) and 135 (9) ; Eottenest Ishand, Freiss, n.
1255; Tcrt Gregory, OldfieJd ; Fitzgerald flats, Maxiuell.

Ahhough allied to A. paludosa, this species appears to be snfficientl}' distinct in
foliage and inflorescence and probably in stature, as well as in the quite sessile frniting
perianth. Moqnin describe.s tlie val\es as ellipiical, but it is evident that in the
Bpeciniens he saw, as iu all Drumniond's, they were not yet fully formed.

5. A. isatidea, Moq. Chcnop. Enum. 03, and in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 101.
An erect robust shrub, attaining- 16 ft. (Oldjicld), densely scaly-tomen-
tose. Leaves elhptical obovate or oblong-, obtuse, entire or sHghtly
sinuate, contracted into a rather long" petiole, thick and soft, 1 J to 3 in.
long\ Flowers dioecious, both sexes in dense much-branched terminal
panicles, the males without the axiUary female flowers of A. cinerca, the
lemales sometimes with a very few male flowers intermixed, Fruiting"
periantlis with a thick soHd turbinate base, the valves semicircular or
almost rhomboidal, thick, entire, 3 to 4 Hnes diameter, shortly united
at the base, the disk smooth, tuberculate or muricate with soft appen-
dages ; intermixed witli these are other perianths not half so larg-e and
more orbicular, in which however I have not found perfect seeds.
Fruit half-incHided in the closed base of the perianth, covered by the
appressed valves. Radicle superior. — A. halimus var. crccta, Nees in
PL Preiss. i. ()33 (Moquin).

W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, n. 226 {or 223?), Fraser, P/Ym, n. 1259;
Murchison river aad S. W. Bay, 0/(//itW; Sharks Bay, Milne ; Abrolh.,s islands,
Bynoe.

6. A. nummularia, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 64. An erect
shrub attaining- several ft., with spreading: branches, the whole plant

Atriplex.] xcvi. che.vopodiace.t:. l'i

covered with a scaly tomentum. Leaves on ratlier long- petioles, mostly
orbicular, rather thick, entire or scarcely sinuate-toothed, more rarely
bordered by numerous small teeth, ^ to 1 in. diameter, or on some
luxuriant branches nearly 2 in. Flowers dioecious, the male clusters
forminji- dense oblong- or shortly cylindrical spikes, in more or less
branched terminal panicles, either leatless or sparingly leafy at the
base, the females also chistered in dense terminal rather more leafy
spikes or panicles, with a few Howers also in the axils of the upper
stem-leaves. Fruiting- perianth sessile, from ovate to orbicular, 2 to 3
lines long-, rounded or truncate not cordate at the base, the valves free
nearl}' to the base, thickened and hardened over the fruit at the base,
the remainder Hat and herbaceous, entire or toothed on each side
towards the base. Radicle superior. — Moc|. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 460.

Queensland. Darling Dnwns, Lau.

N. S. Wales. Macquarrie river, Mitchtll ; Castlereagh river, Woolh ; Darling
river, Mrs. Ford.

Victoria. Murray scrub, F. Muellpr, Herrgott.

S. Australia. In the interior, IIowitt's Expedition, also M'Douall Stuarfs
Erptdition.

Moquin in Herb. Hook. had referred this plant to A. capensis, to which it bears some
resembiance, but appears to me sufficiently distinct. Tlie A. halimtis, Br., quoted by
Moquiu with doubt under A. capensis (in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 100) is A. cinerea.

7. A. cinerea, Poir. Dict. Suppl. i. 471. A branching- shrub, some-
times low or shghtly decumbent, more frequently erect and attaining*
several feet, white or ashy g'rey all over with a scaly tomentum. Leaves
oblong- or hmceolate, rarely almost ovate, obtuse, entire, contracted
into a short petiole, mostly 1 to 2 in. long-, but in some specimens
scarcely exceeding* 1 in. or smaller. Flowers semidioecious, the males
in dense g-lobular clusters of 2 to 4 lines diameter collected into a ter-
minal spike either short and interrupted at the base or 2 or 3 in. long*
with a few short densely oljlong- or cylindrical branches, the flowers
often not quite sessile in the chisters. Female flowers in axillary
clusters on the female plants, and also 1 or 2 female flowers in the
axils of the upper stem-leaves of the male plants. Fruiting- perianths
with an obovoid or tiirbinate soHd base, 1 to nearly 2 hnes long-, the
valves broadly triangndar or rhomboidal, from under 3 hnes to above 4
lines diameter, free almost from the base, entire, flat or thickened over
the fruit, smooth or rarely with 1 or 2 tidjercles on the disk. Fruit at
the base of the valves. Radicle ascending*. — Mocj. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii.
101 ; Hook. f FL Tasm. i. 314 ; A. halimus, R. Br. Prod. 406, not of
Linn. ; A. halimns /3. ascendens Nees in Pl. Preiss. i, 633 ; A. elwugnoidcs,
Moq. Enum. Chenop. 65.

Queensland. IMoreton Bay, A. Cunninqham.

N. S. 'Wales. i'.(>tany Bay, Banks and Solander ; Ash iHland, fferb. E. Mueller;
Lonl Hdwes Island, Milne, M'(Jillicray.

Victoria. Seashore, Portland, Bohertson, Allitt ; Port PhiHip, Briglitou and
Statim Peak, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Abundant upon all the coasts near high-water mark, /. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Spencer's Gulf, Warhurton; Kangaroo Ishind, F. Mueller, Water-
house.

172 XCVI. CHENOPODIACK^. [Atriplcx.

W. Australia. Swan river, IJrummond, n. 230; Champiou Biiy and Murchison
river, Ol(/jiild.

The western spncimens nre mosly males with rather small leaves, biit they can be
reailily distin^uislied Iroiu the p-ecodii.g ones by the dense conipact male inlinresLent-e
an 1 bv the iem.ile flowers (\ery minute in must specimrns in wliich ihe males are
(-carceiy expand d) always present in tiie axils of thn uppi.-r siemleaves. A. Iiypohuca,
Necjs in Fl. Trciss. i. t).3'!, or A. prostrata, Moq. in UC Frod. xiii. ii 99, nut ot li. Br.,
appcars to beiong to this speci<s, bnt thu specimens 1 have seen are not in flowur. A.
pvuslrata, iir., is a totaliy ditlerent pUint.

8. A. rhagodioides, F. Mnell. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. ii. 74. A
divaricatolv branchecl scaly-tomentose scrubby shrub, closely allied to
and perhaps a variety of A. cinerca. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate or
lanceohite, often ang-uhir or ahuost hastate at the base, otherwise entire,
acute and under | in. long- when narrow, more obtuse and larg-er when
broad. Flowers semidicecious, the male clusters forming- an interrupted
terminal spike or shg-htly branched panicle, the females sohtary or
nearlv so in the axils of the upper stem-leaves in the male phmt, more
nimicVous and often clustered when there are no males. Fruiting- peri-
anth sessile, orbicular or nearly rhomboid, l^ to nearly 8 lines chameter,
the valves thick convex and corky, united about half way up, the
marg-ins entire. Seed orbicuhir, with the radicle ascending- or nearly
superior, but in many perianths the seed is abortive.

Victoria, or S. Australia. Murray scnib, F. Mueller.
W. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfidd.

The speiimens are insnfficient to deterniine whether this is more than a variety or
state oi A. ciiterta. Tlic tbiiage however is rather different.

9. A. incrassata, F. Muell. Bcp. Bahh. Expcd. 20. Shrubby. Leaves
ovate, hastate, nearly sessile, entire or indistinctly toothed, scaly-
tomentose. Male Howers unknown, females chistered in the axils {F.
Miieller). Fruiting- perianth sessile, orbicuhir, 4 to 5 lines diameter,
the valves much thickened with a narrow tlat marg-in, quite smooth
outside. Fruit raised to the centre of the perianth on a very broad
flattened soHd base. Seed not seen ripe.

S. Australia. Emu springs, Bahha(jes Erpedition.

This may prove not to be distinct from /1. rluKjodioides, it is however but very im-
perfectly known, and I have only seeu a few detached enlarged but unripe perianths ia
Herb. F. Muelier.

Series 2. Vesicari^. — Small bushy or decumbent shrubs, more or
less scaly-tomentose, dioecious or monoecious. Male llowers in short
dense terminal spikes, females axdhiry. Fruiting- perianth orbicuhir,
memlranous, with harg-e membranous appendag-es on each face.

10. A. vesicaria, Hcwnrd, MS. A bushy shrul), apparently erect,
covered with a scaly tomentum. Leaves oblong- oblong-lanccohite or
rarely ahnost obovate, obtuse or almost acute, entire, contracted into a
short petiole, from under \ in. to about | in. long-. Flowers monre-
cious (or sometimes dicecious .''), the males in small clusters forming-
rather dense tcrminal leafless spikes of ^ to 1 in. ; females few tog-ether

Atriplex.] XCVI. CHENOPODIACEiE. 173

in axillarv clustcrs. Fruiting- periantli nearly orljicular, 3 to 5 lines
dianieter, the valves membvauous, very sliortly connate, very obtuse or
obicurely acuminate, the marg'ins entire, tlat but each with a mem-
branous intlate.l appendaye on the disk nearly as larg-e as the valve
itself. Seed rather larg-e, compressed ; radicle hiteral.

Queensland. In tlie iiitei-ior, Jilttchell.

N. S. Wales. Molk;'s plains, A. Canniiujliam ; Murray anJ Darling desert,
VicturUin Exptclition. F. Mu ller.

S. Australia. Crjstal Brook, F. Mudler ; Gawler Kanges, Sullivan (with niore
obovate leavesj.

11. A. hymenotheca, Moq. i?i DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 101. An erect and
busliy or procumbent shrub, the branches and foling-e minutely scaly
but not so white as most species. Leaves hmceohite or oblong-, entire,
contracted into a petiole, rather thick, ^ to | in. long' with smaller ones
often clustered in the axils. Flowers dioecious, the male clusters form-
ing- cylindrical terminal leafless spikes rarely above h, in. long-, the
perianth-seg-ments thicker and darker coloured than in most species,
the fc'male Howers axillary, solitary (or 2 or 3 tog-ether l). Fruiting-
perianth nearly orbicular, \ to ^ in. diameter, the valves membranous,
free ahnost from the base, the marg-ins entire, Hat but eacli with a hirg"e
membranous inllated appendag-e on the disk. Seed not seen ripe.

V/. Australia, Dnimmond, n 128 {i) and 129 (9). The specimens ahhough
numerous are not Liood, and tlie fniiting peiiantli.s are few, bnt all have the membrauous
appendages of A. vesitaria, which appears to have escaped Moquiu'» atlention.

Series 3. Olerace^. — Monoecious annuals, usually tall or spread-
ing', green or slightly mealy. Flowers clustered in the axils and in
terminal panicles. Valves of the fruiting perianth llat or muricate.

12. A. patula, Linn. ; Moq. in. DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 95. An erect
spreading- or prostrate annual, usually 1 to 2 ft. long", either quite g-reen
or somewhat mealy-white, never so thickly scaly as most species.
Leaves petiolate, the lower ones usually lanceohite-hastate, coarsely
toothed or somewhat lobed, often 3 in. long- or more, the upper ones
lanceolate and entire. Flowers clustered in slender interrupted spikes
forming- narrow terminal panicles leafy at the base, the upper lloral
leaves reduced to small bracts, the female Howers mixed with the males
or a few in separate axiUary clusters. Fruiting- perianths ovate or
rhomboidal, usually acute, the valves united to near the middle, entire
or tootlied, smooth or muricate on the disk, very variable in size and
shape but usually under 2 lines diameter. Radicle lateral or ascending-.
— Hook. f. FL Tasrn. i. 314; A. australasica, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 9(j.

Queensland. Islaiids of Moretim Bay, F. MusUer.

N. S. Wales. Patersou"s river, li. Brown ; Asli Island, Herh. F. 3Iueller.

Victoiia. Abundant in cardeus about Me b >urne, Ad im.son, F. 3Iaellir.

Tasmania. Ab Midant in s.iline marslies near Lauuceston. Gunn.

S. Australia. HoMfast B.iy and Gaw'er ranges, F. Mudler.

W. Australia. Bort Gr.-gory, Oldjield.

The species is very cnmmon iu Europe aud a great part of Asia, including several
descr bed as disiinet by Moqiiin, aud is probabiy oiily of modyrn introduciinn iii
Australia.

1~4 xcvi. CHENoroDiACE^. [Atnplex.

Series 4. Glomerat^. — Moncecious decumbent procnni])ent or
sproading- herbs, scaly-tomentose or mealy-white. Male flowers in
globular clusters surrounded by a few females in the upper axils or
rarelv forminfi- short terminal spikes. Females clustered in the lower
axils witliout males. PVuiting- perianths more or less compressed, con-
spicuously 2-valved.

13. A. httmilis, F. Mnell. Fragm. iv. 48. Stems hard and more or
less decundjent at the base, ascending' to about 1 ft. in our specimens,
the branches and foliag"e mealy or minutely scaly-tomentose. Leaves
nearly sessile, mostly lanceolate or oblong--linear, obtuse, entire, con-
tracted at the base, rarely above \ in. long-, but the lower ones not seen.
Flowers monoecious, the males in compact sessile terminal spikes of \
to \ in., the females all axillary and densely clustered. Fruiting;'
perianths broadly rhomboid, 1|^ to i?| lines diameter, with a sniall thicK
turbinate solid base, the valves entire, free almost to the base, her-
baceous and reticulate. Seed orbicular ; radicle superior.

N. Australia. Subsaline banks of Flinders river, Gulf of Carpentaria, F. Mudltr.

14. A. velutinella, F. Mucll. Bep. Babb. Expcd. 20. Apparently
herbaceous and procumbent, wuth elong-ated branching- stems, the whole
plant scaly-tomentose. Leaves sessile or rarely the lower ones con-
tracted into a short broad petiole, ovate or rhomboid, coarsely sinuate-
toothed, mostly above 1 in. long-, or the upper ones oblong* and nearly
entire, much smaller, and passing- into small iloral bracts. Flowers
monfficious, in sessile clusters, the upper ones with numerous males
surrounded by several females, either in the uper axils or 2 to G of the
last clusters forming- an interrupted terminal spike ; the lower axillary
clusters all female. Fruiting- perianths tlat, triang-ular ovate, about 3
lines long', the hardened base very short and broad ; the valves almost
acute, entire or wuth a few short teeth on each side at the base, her-
baceous, scaly-tomentose, free almost to the base. Seed broadly or-
bicular ; the radicle inferior or lateral.

N. S. TVales. Darling Desert, Victorian Expedition.
S. Australia. Stuart's Creek, £abbage's Expedttion.

lo. A. angulata, Bcnth. Mealy or alinost scaly-tomentose and pro-
bably herbaceous. Leaves on long- petioles which are wing-ed below the
lamina, orbictdar or broadly rhomboid, very obtuse, angular or sinuate,
f to 1| in. diameter. Flowers monoecious, the male clusters in the
upper axils accompanied by a few females or 2 or 3 forming- a short
terminal spike, tlie lower axillary clusters small and all female. Fruiting"
j^erianth not yet quite ripe, raised on a stipes of about 1 line, with a
turbinate compressed tube of a little more than 1 line, and larg-e
green toothed valves, 3 lines broad or more, Fruit enclosed in the
tube, but raised on a short solid base. Radicle superior.

S. Australia. Subsaline plains near Cudnaka, F. Mueller ; Murray river, W.
lioss.

Tliis plant has the foliagc ahnost of .1. nummu^aria, but the fruiting perianths cannot
be referred to any of those of aliied species. 1 have only seen three small speciniens.

Atriplcjc.l xcvi. chenopodiacea;. 1?5

16. A. seinibaccata, R. Br. Prod. 406, not of Moquin. Stemsher-
baceous, procumbent or prostrate, mucli bninched and slender, spreading'
to 1 or 1? ft., the whole pkmt ifreen and nearly <2;hibrous or mealj-white.
Leaves petiohite, oblon<>- obhmceolate or cuneate and ^ to 1 in. long-
or shorter and obovate, obtuse, entire or sinuate-toothed, rather thin.
Flowers moncecious, the males in little g-lobuhir chisters in the upper
axils surrounded by a few females, and a few females alone in the lower
axils. Fruiting- perianth more or less rhomboidal, l^ to 2^ lines long-,
and nearly as broad in the centre, the lower half a flattened triangular
tube closed at the base, usually thickened (or fleshy when fresh ?) and
prominently 3-nerved, the upper half consisting of the flat appressed
triangular valves, entire or toothed at the base, herbaceous at least at
the margins. Fruit half-enclosed in the tube. Radicle lateraL —
A. denticidata, Moq. in I)C. Prod. xiii. ii. 97.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Broion ; Rockhampton, O^Shanesy ; Darling
Downs, L.au ; kxvaAiSWs., Barton ; Curriwillighie, Dulton.

N. S. Wales. Port Jacksm, B. Brown ; Liverpool plains, A. Cunningliam,
Leichliardt ; Ballandool river, Locker.

Victoria. .MiiiTav river, Htrrgott ; Wimmera, Dallachy (in leaf only and doubt-
ful) ; Little river, FuHagnr.

S. Austialia. Holdfast Bay, Gawler river, Port Adelaide, F. Mueller.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 222, {or 228?).

17. A. exilifolia, F. Muell. Fra/jm. vii. 9. A prostrate herb, with
a hard ahnost woody base, but apparently annual, the stems about 1 ft.
long, with numerous shortly ascending branches, the whole plant mi-
nutely scaly-hoary. Leaves shortly petiolate, obovate orbicuhir or
rhomboidal, the hirger ones on the main stems scarcely \ in. long, but
most of them smaller. Flowers monoecious, in axillary ckisters, small
and not numerous, the males and females mixed. Fruiting perianths
with a short sohd turbinate base, broadly deltoid or rhomboid, scarcely
above 1 Hne diameter, the valves flat. entire or 3-toothed.

^V. Australia, Drummond, n. 2i9. The habit is thnt o{ A. jJrostrata, but on a
very much larger scale, and the fruiting periantli much larger and flatter.

18. A. Muelleri, Benth. An erect or spreading annual of 1 or 2 ft.,
with a hard base, more or less mealy-white, but not so densely scaly as
the shrubby species. Leaves petiohite, broadly obovate ovate or rhom-
boidal, coarsely and irregidarly sinuate-toothed or lobed, mostly from
under 1 in. to about 2 in. long and rather thin. Flowers small, monoe-
cious, all axiUary, the males in the upper axils in httle globuh^r heads
surrounded by a few females, the females alone chxstered in the lower
axils. Fruiting perianths sessile, 1 to 1| Hnes diameter, with a hard
compressed globuhir smooth tube, the valves short broad appressed,
shortly toothed. Fruit enclosed in the tube. Radicle superior.

Queensland. Peak Downs, F. Mueller ; Armadilla, Barton.
Itf. S. 'Wales. Liverpool paiiis, Leiclihnrdt.

Victoria. Lagoons on the Miirray, F. Mueller. ,

S. Australia. In ihe iiiterior, HowitVs Erpcdi.tion.

This is referred by F. Mueller, Fragm. vii. 9, to the European A. rosea, but that is a
coarser, much more scaly-tomc-ntose species, the fruiting perianth is larger, broader and

176 xcvi. CHENOPODiACE^. \Atriplex.

flattrr tbe disk reticiilate and sonietimes mniicate, and tlie radicle of the seed lateral.
A MiflUri is, as observed by F. Mueller, iillicd tn A. semilaccata, biit more nienl.v and
otiieiAvi.-e difti''reiit bi.th in Ibiiiige and truiiin.s p ri;in li. Tiie tnie A. rosca is said by
Woquin in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 92, to be fbiind in " New llolliuid,'' but the .sp c al autho-
rity is not given, and 1 have seen no Australian speciineii of it.

10. A. elachophylla, F. Mudl. Frapm. vii. 8. A small slender
nuich-bninclied plant, luird and almost woody, diffuse or procumbent,
the specimens not exceeding-6 in., moreorless scaly-tomentose. Leaves
sliortly pctiolate, from obovate to oblong- or almost lanceolate, obtuse,
rathcr thick, rarely exceeding- 2 lines. Flowers moncBcious, the males
in "lobuhir clusters of less than 1 line diameter, sessile within a iioral
leaf either torminal or on a short axillary peduncle-like branchlet ; the
fomales axilhiry, solitary or 2 or 3 tog-ether, Fruiting- perianth rhom-
boid-"h)buhir, but sliglitly compressed, 1 to 1;^ line diameter, hard,
scalv^tomentose, with 2 very short broad green valves, usually toothed
on the mariiin. Fruit enclosed in the tube. Seed compressed; radicle
superior.

N. Australia. Pesert of Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller.

20. A. microcarpa, Benth. A small dilFuse or procumbent herb,
with a hard stem and numerous ascending- branches not exceeding- 6 in.
clothed with a scaly tomentum. Leaves very shortly petiolate, oblong-
or hinceolato, obtuse, entire, under ^ in. long-. Flowersvery numerous
and small, in axilhiry clusters, a small head of males surrounded by
females in the upper axils, all females in the lower ones. Fruiting
perianth rhomboidal, compressed, scarcely 1 line long- and broad,
membranous, densely and softly tomentose, the lower half closed, the
upper moiety consisting- of 2 entire valves. Radicle of the seed superior.

N. S. Wales. Clay flats, Banaroo (Dailing desert), Victorian ErpediUon.
It is possible that this and the following species may prove to be varieties of A.
pumilio, bul at present they appear to me to bc quite distiuct.

21. A. prostrata, E. Br. Prod. 406, not of 3foqmn. A prostrate
scaly-tonientose annual, with slender much branched leafy stems ex-
tendino- from an inch or two to half a foot or rather more. Leaves very
shortly petiohite, oblong; or rarely ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, mostly entire,
1 to 2 lines long. Flowers monoecious, the male clusters in the upper
axils surrounded by a few females, the females alone several tog-ether
in the lower axils. Fruiting perianth tomentose, obovoid-rhomboidal,
glightly compressed, scarcely h Hne diameter, closed to above the broad
middle"^, the valves short and entire. Seed parallel to the valves ; ra-
dicle superior. — A. dccumbens, Roem. and Schult. Syst. vi. 289.

S. Australia. Kangaroo Island, i?. Brown.

22. A. pumilio, IL Br. Prod. 406. A small scaly-tomentose herb,
with a sliort hard dectuubent stem and numerous branches ascending
to 1 or 2 in. Leaves sessile or very shortly ])etiohite, ovate obovate or
oblong-, entire or sinuate-toothed, 1 to l^ lines long-. Flowers monce-
cious, the males in 2 or three little chisters in the upper axils (with 1

Atriplcx.] XCVI, CHENOPODIACEJE. 177

or 2 females ?) scarcely forming- very short leafy spikes, tlie females in
the lower axils solitary or two together without males. Fruiting- perianth
ovate, tomentose, not very Hat, about ^ line long", the valves entire or
toothed, shorter than the tube. Fruit enclosed in the tu])e, but bursting-
it irreg-ularly when ripe. Itadicle superior. — Mo(j. in DC. Prod. xiii.
ii. 92.

S. Australia. St. Peter's isles, B. Brown.

The testa of the seed is thin, as ohserved hy Rrown, hnt it is of the hrown colour
of other spccies, and appears to nie to he rather thiidy cnistaceous than truly
niemhranous.

23. ? A. glomulifera, Nees in Pl. Preiss. i. 634. A much-branched
glabrous erect herb of a fiiig-er's leng-th. Leaves oblong- or hmceolate-
spathuhite, obtuse, entire, contracted into a petiole, about 2 lines long-,
g-reen and ileshy. Flowers (moncecious ?) very minute, the female
clusters m ahnost all the axils, the upper ones about tlie size of a poppy
seed, the lower ones smaller, all very dense, the individual flowers scarcely
conspicuous to the naked eye. Fruiting* perianth pedicellate, the valves
free, long-er than the fruit but spreading-, obovate nearly orbicular, entire,
thin, sprinkled with a few stipitate g"hands. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii.
ii. 103.

TV. Australia. Cultivated grounds, head of Swan river, Preiss, n. 1257. I have
not seen this specics. It is said to he prohahly allied to A. prostrata and A. pumilio,
hut the perianth valves (" leaflets of the involucre'') aro differently described, and the
plant is said to be glabrous and green.

24. A. campanulata, Benth. A perennial, with a hard ahnost
woody stock and rather slender procumbent branching- stems extending'
to 1 or 2 ft., the whole plant nearly g-labrous or mealy-white. Leaves
shortly petiolate, obovate or oblong, entire or coarsely ang-ular-toothed,
mostly under | in. or rarely nearly 1 in. long-. Flowers monoecious, all
axillary, the males forming- Httle giobular heads or clusters of little more
than 1 Hne diameter surrounded by several females, or all the flowers
female in the lower axils. Fruiting* perianth very shortly stipitate, the
tube obliquely campanulate, slig'htly compressed, about 1 line long- in
front, long-er at the back ; the limb much dilated, very oblique, the valves
unequal and scarcely appressed, each one 3-lobed ; witli 2 small her-
baceous appendag'es on the front or shorter face of the tube. Fruit en-
closed in the tube. Radicle superior.

N. S. ^Vales. Darling river, Victorian Expedition. Included hy F. ^lueUcr in
A. le/jtocarjja, to which it approaches in hahit, foliage and intiorescence, hut the fruiting
perianth is totally different.

Series 5. PARViLOBiE. — Mouoecious spreading" or procumbent herbs
or undershrubs, scaly-tomentose or mealy. Flowers axillary, the
males in giobular clusters in the upper axils usually surrounded by
females, females alone often in the lower axils. Fruiting- perianths
not compressed, enclosing- the fruit, the orifice small, closed by small
erect appressed valves.

VOL. v. N

128 XCVI. CHEXOPOUlACEiE. [Atnjikx.

25. A. leptocarpa, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. ii. 74. — A
perenniabvitli a tliick stock and herbaceous procumbent stems extending-
to 1 or '2 tt., the whole plant more or less hoar}- or white with a scaly
tomentum. Leaves obovate or oblong-, obtuse, entire Avhen narrow,
coari^ely anjiuhir-toothed when broad, from under 1 in. to nearly 2 in.
lono-. Flowers mono^cious, all axiUary, the males in little g-lobular
dense sessile heads of 1 tol-Hines diameter, mostly 4-lobed, surrounded
by several femalcs or sometimes females only in the loAver axils more or
less stipitate, Fruiting- perianth narrow tubular, cyhndrical, 2 to 4 hnes
lono-, the lower portion (| to |) rather hard, enclosing the fruit which
is more or k^ss raised on the soHd base of the tube, the upper portion
above the fruit more herbaceous, green and eleg-antly veined, the orifice
closed by 2 very short triangular entire valves not broader than the tube
and without appendag-es. Radicle ascending- or superior.

Queensland. Curriwiliigbie, Dalton.

N. S. Wales, Leichhardt ; Castlereagh river, C. Moore.

S. Australia. Muiray river, near Moruiida, F. 3Iueller.

26. A. limbata, Bcnth. A procumbent or spreading* perennial with
the habit fohag-e and inflorescence of A. leptocarpa, but more scaly-to-
mentose. Leaves obovate or oblong", entire or ang-ular-toothed. Flowers
monoecious, all axillary, the male clusters in the upper axils surrouuded
bv females, the lower clusters all females. Fruiting- perianth with a
cvhndrical tube enclosing- the fruit as in A. leptocarpu, but sessile and
usually rather larger and harder, and sometimes the soHd base much
elongated, extending- the whole tube to | in. or more, but varying- in
this respect even in the same chister, the orifice closed by 2 valves re-
duced to 3 lobes, of which the lateral ones are spreading- incurved and
hornhke about 1 hne long-, those of the 2 valves more or less united,
the central lobe minute or almost obsolete, and alternating- with the
horns are 2 lierbaceous spreading* broad dorsal appendages, also about
1 hne long-, g'iving- the apex of the perianth the appearance of a spread-
ing- 4-lobed hmb, but with the chsk closed. Radicle of the seed ascending-
or superior.

N. S. TVales. Darliiig river, Victorian Expedition. Included by F. Mueiler in
A. leptocarpa, but the diflerence iu tbe fruiting periantU appears to be coustant.

27. A. halimoides, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. i. 285. A pro-
cumbent or difiVise pereunial or undershrub, with the habit and inHo-
rescence of A. liolocarpa, but usually not so white and the leaves nar-
rower mostly lanceolate or ovate-hmceohite and acute, but sometimes as
tomentose and passing- into the smail rhomboidal form of that species.
Fruiting- pcrianth euhirg-ed to 4 to 6 hnes chameter, loosely hbrous and
spongy with an inner and an outer membrane as in A. holocarpa, but
broadly turbinate or ahuost hemispherical with a much depressed or
flattened summit bordercd by an annular horizontal wing- or acute ang-le,
the very small central orifice closed by small entire or 3-toothed erect
valves as in the aUipd species. Fruit dio sam^, oxcept that the radicle

Atriplcx.] XCVI. CHENOPODIACEiE. 179

appears to be alwavs inferior not superior. — A. Lindleyi. Moq. in DC.
Prod. xiii. ii. 100 { A. infiata, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. ii. 75.

Queensland. Burnett river, F. Mueller; Suttor and Bogan rivers, Bowman ;
Curri wiiliyliie, JDalton.

N. S. Wales. Darling desert, Victorian Expedition, Mrs. Ford.

Victoria. Wimniera, Dallachy.

S. Australia. Murray river and CuJnaka, F. Mueller; towarJs Cooper'8 Creek,
Hoivitts Er])edition.

Moquin changed Lindley's name on account of a previous A. halimoidis oiTm^o,
but tLat lias ncver been otherwihe pubh'shed than as a name in a garuen calalogue.

28. A. holocarpa, F. Mitell. Bep. Babb. Exped. 19. A perennial with
a hard ahnost woody base and herbaceous ditiuse or procumbent brancn-
ing- stems, attaining- from 6 in. to above 1 ft., softly mealy-tomentose.
Leaves on rather long* petioles, obovate or rhomboidal, irreg'ularly
toothed, from under h in. to above 1 in. long-. Flowers mono^cious, all
axillary, the males few in the upper axils surrounded by females, females
only and usually few together in most axils, very small and giobular at
the time of llowering-. Fruiting- perianth obovoid-giobular, scarcely
compressed, not Hattened at the top, 4 to 6 lines diameter, of a loosely
fibrous and spongy consistence, witli a thin membranous epidermis and
a thin inner membrane scarcely disting-uishable from the pericarp and
sometimes (but not always) hardening- over the seed as it ripens ; the
summit of the perianth with a small central orifice closed by 2 erect
appressed, entire or 3-toothed valves, rarely above | line long-. Seed
with the superior radicle of tlie majority of those species in wiiich it is
enclosed in the perianth tube.

N. S. Wales. Murray and Darhng desert, Victorian Expedition, Mrs. Ford and
others.

S. Australia. Eyre'8 Depot Creek, Babhage^s Expedition ; between Stokes
Eange aiid Cooper's Creek, Wheeler ; towards Speucer's Gult', Warburton.

29. A. spongiosa, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Imt. ii. 74. A small
much-branched herb or undershrub, with numerous ascending- or erect
stems, not above 6 in. hig-h, more or less mealy-white as well as the
foliag"e or becoming- giabrous when old. Leaves shortly petiolate, broadly
ovate obovate or orbicular, entire or sinuate-toothed, rather thick, \ to
^ in. long". Flowers monoecious and axillary as in A. Iwlocarpa, but much
smaller and fewer tog-ether, the females mostly solitary or only 2 in each
axil. Fruiting' perianth enlarg-ed fibrous and spongy with a membranous
epiderm and the inner membrane inseparable from the pericarp as in
A. holocarpa, hut much smaller, depressed giobular, not exceeding- 2 lines
diameter, the small orifice closed by 2 niinute erect appressed triang'ular
valves. Seed of A. holoearpa with the radicle erect. — A. semibaccata, Moq.
in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 97, not of R. Br.

N. Australia. Sturfs Creek, F. Miieller.

S. Australia. Lake Torrens, F. MiieUer{l have not seen these specimens).

^V. Australia, Drummond, n. 127.

Series 7 (orSECT.2). Theleophyton. — Monoecious prostrate crys-
talline herb. Flowers axillary. Perianth obovoid with short valves.
Seed compressed at rigiit angies with, not parallel to, the valves.

TC 9

130 xcvi. ciiEXOPODiACE^. [Atrijjlex.

30. A. Billardieri, IIook.f.Fl. N. Zcal. i. 21o, and Fl. Tasm. i. 315,
t. 9o. A mu( li-l)r:iiuhed prostrate more or less succulent herb, spread-
in"- in masses of Ift. diameter or more, the branches and foliag-e covered
with waterv shining- papilhe like tliosc of some Mcscmbryanthcma. Leaves
shortly petiolate, oblong- obovate or ovate, obtuse, entire or slightly
sinuate-toothed, ^ to ^ in. long-. Flowers mona-cious, the males in
small chisters of about 5 or G in tlie upper axils (witliout females '•*) the
females in the lower axils soHtary or 2 tog-ether and very minute. Fruit-
ing- perianths obovoid, membranous, scaly, sHghtly compressed at the
base in a direction contrary to the valves, terete upwards, contracted at
the oriflce, the valves mucli shorter than the tube, appressed, entire or
sHghtly toothed. Seed enclosed in the perianth-tube, sHglitly compressed.
Embr^-^o phiced at rig-lit ang-les to the valves, with the radicle superior
but not prominent. — OMone Billardkri, Moq. Chenop. Enum. 72 ;
Thelcophijton BiUardicri. Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. IIG ; Atrip/cx crystal-
Una, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 279.

Victoria. Sands ncav liigh-water mark, Phillip Island and on tlie oppofeito coast,
F. Mtielkr; E. Gipps' Land, A. Toylur.

Tasmania. Sands clobe to high-water maik near George Town, Ottnn ; fouth
Tort, Oldjitlil.

The exceptional direction of the embryo in this s-ingle ppecies does not appear of
itself sufficieiit to jiistifv its separation ironi a genns which, with all the diveisities of
form assumed by the fruiting perianth, is, as a whole, a remarkably natural ai;d well
defined one.

Tribe 2. Camphorosme^. — Branches continuous. Leaves narrovv,
entire, flat or terete, g-labrous villous-tomentose or woolly. Testa mem-
branous, Embryo curved round a mealy aHjumen.

5. ENCHYL^NA, R. Br.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth urceoh^te, at length depressed-
globular, succulent or coriaceous, with 5 short broad lobes or teeth con-
nivent and closing" over the fruit, without any dorsal wings or appen-
dag"es. Stamens 5 or fewer. Ovary depressed-g4ubidar. Styles 2 or 3,
shortly connate at the base. Fruit depressed-globular, enclosed in the
perianth, pericarp membranous. Seed more or less Hat^^ened, horizontal ;
testa meml)ranous ; embryo liorseslioe-shajjed or almost annular, enclos-
ing' a very scanty albumen. — Undershrubs or shndjs. Leaves Hnear-
terete or linear-lanceolate, entire. Flowers solitary in the axils and
sessile, without any or with one or two minute bracts.

The genns is limited to Au8trah'a. It only differs from Kochia in the fruiiing peri-
anth ofa thicker consistence and often succulent, withoiit any dorsal wings or appen-

Leaves 1 to 2 lincs long. Flowers numerous, mostly crowdcd in

terminal leafy spikes.^ Perianth not above 1 line diameter . . 1. F. 7nitroj>hi/Ua.
Leaves niostly above \ in long. Flowers distant.

Fruiting perianth globular, about f line dianieter, smonth, hairy

atthetop. Plant vciy villous with soft fulvous hairs . . 2. F. micrantha.
Frniting perianth depressed-giobnlar, about l^ lines diameler,

qnile snifoth, witli vcry ^hort teeth .S. E. torihnfrsa.

Enchijl ena.] XCVI. CHKNOPODIACE^E. 181

Frniting periiintli coriaceous, clcpressecl-globular, about 2 lines

cliaineter, tlie lolies inore or less gibbi)us outside . . . . 4. JiJ. inllosa.

Fniiting periauth broadly turbiuate, very flat, with a nerve-like

ecLe, ueariy 2 iines diaiueter, llie tiibe lO-ribbed . . . . b. E. marginata.

1. E. microphylla, Moq. h/ DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 128. A difFuse divari-
cate (or erect .'') shnil». witli nuinerous slender branches, sliyhtly pubes-
cent. Leaves linear-terete, fine or rather thick, 1 to 2 lines long-. Flowers
small, solitary in each axil as in the other species, but numerous and
crowded into leafy spikes at or near the ends of the branches. Fruiting"
perianths | to nearly 1 line diameter, shaped like those of E. tomentosa,
but snialler, thinner (not succulent ?) and slightly angular. Styles
iisually 2. — Siucda tamariscinn, Lindl, in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 239 ;
Mot]. iu DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 401.

Queensland. Near Mount Kilsytli, Mitchell; Darling Downs, Lau.
KT. S. 'Wales. Fout ot' Alonut 1^'linders, A Cunningham.

2. "E, ? micrantha, Bcnth. A shrub, the branches in our specimens
above a foot long-, with numerous branchlets deusely clothed as well as
the foliag-e with soft fulvous silky or sometimes woolly hairs. Leaves
rather crowded, liiiear, soft, 2 to 4 lines long-. Flowers very small, so-
litary in the axils. Perianth, already much enhirg'ed after flowering'
•with the fruit nearly ripe, globuhir, g4al)rous or htiiry especially the
lobes, smooth and rather thick, scarcelyf lines diameter j lobes 5, short,
obtuse, connivent over the fruit. Stamens 5, shorth' exserted, with
flattened fiUiments. Styles 3, connate at the base. Fruit depressed-
g-lobular, more or less bairy. Seed not seen quite ripe, but the embryo
alread}" hirg-e appears to be horizoutal, annular, with the radicle promi-
nent and somewhat ascending-.

VT. Australia, Drummond, Ath coll. 7i. 253, leferred by^F. Muelier, Fragm. vii. 12,
with donbt to Kochia villuka, but I can see no trace of auy wing or tiansverse promi-
nence to the perianth.

3. E. tomentosa, li. Br. Prod. 408. A procumbent or divaricately
brancbed undershrub, sometimes with ascending- sliglitly branched
stems under 6 in. long*, sometimes much branched and attaining- several
feet, tbe branches hoary or silvery witli a close or woolly tomentum,
rarely glabrous or nearly so. Leaves linear-terete, entire, rareh^ above
\ in. long' and sometimes under \ in. Flowers all axiHary, solitarv and
sessile and usually distant, with 1 or 2 miuute bracts at the base.
Perianth small at the time of flowering', l^ lines diameter wben in fruit
and then depressed-g"lobuh"ir, red and succulent when fresli, black wlien
dry and perfectly smooth, the orifice closed by 5 sbort connivent teeth
quite glabrous or minutely ciliate. Stamens very shortly exserted, the
anthers very deciduous. Fruit enclosed in the perianth, the pericarp
membranous and giabrous or scarcely hairy in the normid state. Styles
usually 3 but sometimes 2. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 128 ; Nees in
Pl. Preiss. i. 635 ; E. paradoxa, E. Br. Prod. 408 ; Moq. l.c. j E. pubes-
cens, Moq. l.c. (monstrous states, see hclow).

N. Australia. Sturt's Creelc, F. Mueller.

lf<'J XCVI. CHKNoroDIACKiT:. Ellrhi/lUHd.

Queensland. Buidekin river, F. Mueller; Uokhara Creek, Leichhardt ; Rock-
bainptnii, ()' Shdiicsi/ ; tiuttor ti\('V, Boivr.ian ; Arnu\d\\hi, Barton.

N. S. ^Vales. Liverpool plains, A Cuninncjhani; Castlereagh river, C. Moore;
Jlurray ilcsert and Goyinga monntains, Vicforiaii Expedition

Victoria. ]\liirray liver, H>rr(jiitt.

S. Australia. Islands olV the S. Coast, 7?. Brown ; from the Murray river to St.
Viiicent'.s (iulf, /•'. il/«(7/<'/-; Mount Searl, Warhiirton; Cooper'8 Creek, J/(/r/-rt//.

"W. Australia, Druininond, n. 717; Murcliison river, Oldjield ; Sharks Bay,
Gaudichaud ; Avon river, Frciss, n. 1935 (Jloquin).

Var. villosa. Veiy densely fulvous-villous.— Cudnaka, F. Muellcr.

Yar. ? leptophyUa. Lcaves very sleiider. Perianths very small. — Near Gainsford,
Queensland, i?owmaw.— Perhaps a distinct species, but the specimens are very small.

Var. glahra. Stems and leaves qiiite glabrons. — Bay of Inlets, Banks and Solander ;
Biisbane river, F. Mtuller ; Darling liver, Victoriun E.rpedition ; between Stokes
Range and Cooper's Creek, Whceler.

Besides tho woolly globular galls to which tliis species is liable (like those of Kochia
villosa and other Chenopodiacese), il is subject to a monstrosity, apparentiy caused
aiso by an insect, by which the pericarp becomes densely enveloped in woolly intricate
hairs procecding froni near the base and bursting through the apex of the perianth ;
whilst the ovary is abortive, and I have sometiines found its place occupied by a smaU
grub. It is this monstrosit}- in the typical form that is described by Moquin as E.
puhescens, and iii tiie glabrous variety constitutes the E. paradoxa, Br.

4. E. villosa, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. ii. 7Q. Stems
branchiiiii- at tlie Lase, procumbent or ascending-, rarely exceeding" 6
in., the whole plant or at least the inflorescence villous, or the lower
part or nearly all g-labrous. Leaves linear or linear-hmceolate, acute
or obtuse, contracted at the base and sometimes petiohite, ratlier thick,
rarely | in. and often not \ in. long-. Flowers in the upper axils but
not crowded. Fruiting- perianth depressed as in E. tovwntosa, but more
ang-ular, about 2 hnes diameter, '' coriaceous and not succulent," black
when dry, shortly hirsute or rarely g-labrous, the lobes connivent and
closed over the truit, larg-er and deeper than in E. tonwntosa ; 2 or 3 outer
ones broad and thickoned near the apex into 2 obtuse ang-les or lobes,
or one of the outer ones irrog-uhir, 2 very rarely 3 inner ones flat and
triang-ular with a tliickened transverse line at the base outside. Styles
2 (or raroly 3 .''). Fruit and seed of E. tonwntosa.

Queensland. Armadilla, Barton.

N. S. Wales. Pcel river and ncar Cassilis, Leichhardt ; Billabong, Bissill.

Victoria. Bacchus Marsh aiid Station Peak, F. Mueller ; Little river, FuUagar.

5. Australia. Near Adelaide, F. Mueller.

Tliis species connccts in some nieasure Enchylceim with Kochia, for the transverse
thickening of the peiianth-lobcs niay be regarded as an incipient wing. The naraes
both of A'. villosa aiid E. tomentosa are unlortunately selected, as both are sometimes
alniost if not quite glabrous.

5. E. marginata, Benth. An undorshrul) brancliiiig- at the base,
with aseoiuHng stoms not oxcoecHng- G iu. in our specimons, very villous
as well as tlie young- foHage with soft fulvous silky or woolly hairs.
Leaves rather crowdod, linoar, obtuse, soft but flat,"^ often above h in.
long-, very villous at first, beconiing- nearly g-labrous with age. Flowers
very small, solitary in the axils. Fruiting- perianth sessile, with a flat
circular base of nearly 1 line diameter, the tube sliorrly and broadly

Emhylcena?^ xcvi. chenopodiace.^. 183

turljinate, tliiek and apparently flesliv, obtusely 10-ribbed, the summit
very tlat with a nerve-liko mara-in, 2 lines diameter, the lobes short and
quite closed over the fruit. Styles apparently 2, but not seen perfect.
Pericarp very Hat. Embryo annular.

^V. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, ^st coll. This is again iii Kome measnre
intermediate bi-tween Enchi/lcena and the sniall flat-fruited species o{ KocJiia, the nerve-
like borJer (scarcely more than an angle), representing the narrow wiiig ot' K. ciliata
and its allies.

6. KOCHIA, Schrad.

(Maireana, Moq. ; Sclerochlamys, i^. Muell.)

Flowers hermaphrodite or polyg-amous. Perianth at first nearly g-lo-
buhir, at lengtli depressed turbinate or pyramidal, not succulent, with 5
rarely 4 short broad lobes connivent and closing- over the fruit, imbricate
in the bud and 3 outer ones often rather larg-er than the 2 inner ones,
bearing- on their backs horizontal wing'S either distinct or united in a
sing-le annuhxr wing- surrounding- the perianth. Stamens usually 5 or
fewer by abortion. Styles 2 or 3, shortly connate at the base. Fruit
depressed-g'h3buhir, enclosed in the perianth ; pericarp membranous.
Seed more or less llattened, horizontal ; testa membranous ; embr^^o
horsesboe-shaped or ahnost annular, enclosing- a scanty albumen. —
Undershrtibs or shrubs, usually procumbent or spreading-. Leaves
linear or rarely oblong-, usually small thick and often semiterete. Flowers
sohtarv or very rarely 2 together in the axils, sessile, with very minute
or without any bracrs, the perianth very small at the time of fiowering-
with the stamens and styles shortly exserted, but in most species there
appear to be many female ilowers without any perfect stamens. Fruit-
ing- perianth usually described as variously coloured red, from a pale
pink to a rich crimson, but no colour remains in the dried specimens.

The genus is limited to the extratropical arid subtropical regions of the Old World,
the Australiau species being apparently all endemic.

Fruiting periantb with an appendage to each sinus, besides the
iiorizontal wings. Leaves softly silky.
Sinus-appendages linear-spathulate, reflexed below the hori-

zontal wings which are all distinct {. K. lobiflora.

Sinns-appendages linear, acute, erect above the horizoatal wings

wbich are more or less united in a ring 2. K. lanosa.

Fruiting perianth without sinus-appenibiges, but witli 3 rareiy 4
longitudinal wings on the tube below the horizontal ones which

are uuited in a ring B. K. triptera.

Fruiting peiianth without any appendages besides the horizontal
wings, which are membranous and entire or irregularly den-
ticulate.
Horizontal wings all distinct.

Three outer horizontal wings equal, 2 inner ones smaller.

Leaves broad thick and keeled, 1 to 2 lines long. . . . 4. K. oppositifoUa.
AU 5 horizontal wings equal. Leaves usually narrow, 1 to

2 lines long 5. K. brevifolia.

Horizontal wings more or less perfectly united in a ring.

Ptrianlh pyraniidal witliin the wings, projecting about 2

lines 6. K. pyramidata.

184 XCVI. CHICNorODIACE.E [Kiirhia.

l'criamli liat \utliiii lii,- wiiigs or nearlv so.

Le.ive.s niostly ^ in. long, densely hilkj. Periantlis enve-

loped in long dense woully hair.s 1. K. eriantha.

Lciives niostiy i to | in. long, lincar or terete, toraentose
or nearly glabrous (sometinies small and slenilei'),
spreading. Perianth glabrous or tonicntose .... 8. A'. vlllosa.
Leaves obiong or obhmceolate, flal, j to ^ in. hmg. Pe-

rianth of A'. ri/Zosa .... 9. K. jilanifulia.

Leaves oblong-clavate, almost terete, densely cottony, not

exceeding ^ in. Perianth of A. villosa 10. K. sedifolia.

Leaves cottony, erect and appressed, rarely exceeding 1

linc. Perianth of A. t"//Zo.s-a 11. K. apjiressa.

Leaves niinute, distant. Branches spinescent. Perianth

ol' K. villosa 12. K. aplnjlla.

Fruiting perianth very flat at the top, surrounded by an annuh\r
niore or less rigid hurizoiilal border or tliick wing, quite entiie
or rcguhirl .• toothed.
Annnlar border of the perianth entire, dcnsely ciliate .... 13. K. cil'a>a.
Annnlar border 5 angled, tube vertically 5-wingcd . . . .14. K. hracliyptera.
Annniar bordcr wilh lU to 12 radiating poiuts, tube smonth . 15. K. sttUiytra.

1. K. lobiflora, F. Mnell. Herh. A low miich-branclied underslirub
or shriib, oiir specimens not exceeding- 1 ft., the branches and foliag"e
softly and densely silky-tomentose. Leaves sessile, linear, niostly
acute, \ to nearly \ in. long-, soft and thick but more or less flattened.
Flowers solitar}- in the upper axils. Fruiting* perianth woolly-tomentose.
all over, depressed and about \\ lines diameter within the wing-s, the
lobes connate over the fruit nearl}'- to the top and quite flat, with 5
separate dorsal wing-s broadly spathuhite contracted into broad stipes
and horizontally spreading- to a diameter of 5 or 6 iines, and alternating"
with them there is in each sinus a narrow spathuhite reflexed apjtendage,
shorter than the horizontal dorsal wing-s and concealed xmder them.
IStyles usually 2.

N. S. Wales. High sandy banks of tlie Dariing river, Victorian Expcdi'ion.

2. K. lanosa, IJndl. in Mitch. Trop. Anstr. '^^. An erect or spread-
ing" undcrslinil) or low shrub, the branches and fohag-e silky-woolly as
in AT. loblfiora. Leaves sessile, hnear, mostly acute, thick and soft,
from uuder \ in. to nearly \ in. long-, flowers soHtar}^ in the axils.
Fruiting- })eritinth more or less woolly all over, depressed and about 1
hne ditmieter withiu the wing-s, the lobes obtuse and closed over the
fruit, the 5 dorsal wing-s thin and membnmous, all distinct but not
stipitate, or more or less connate, spreading- to from 4 to G lines diame-
ter, with 5 hnear acute appendag-es, alternating- with tlie horizontal
wing-s, erect on their upper side and varying- from |- to l^ hnes in
length. Styles 3 or rarely 2. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 461,

Queensland. Narran rivcr, ^HlchcU.
N. S. Wales. Darling rivcr, Dallachii, Mrs. Foid.

S. Australia. Mnrray de.-crt, ncar Morunda, F. Muelhr ; towards Co( per's
Creek, ^tiUon.

\i\r.min(^r. Fniiiing pcrianth snialler, the horizontal wings more connate, almost
as m K. vill. sa, bnt witii the crcct sinns-appendages of 7i lanosa.
W. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfidd

Kuehiu.] XCVI. CHKNUPOUlACK.i:. 18.")

'riie erect appenilages liave beeu tleseribe<l as tlie lobes of tlie periaiith, tliey will
be foiinJ, liowever, like tlie retlexetl ones of K. lobiflora, to alternate with tlie reul lobcs,
whicb are flat, obtuse aiul closely conniveiit as in niost species of the genus.

3. K. triptera, Bmth. A low but stout difFuse or spreading- shrub
or undershrub, the tbliaye and often the branches also quite g'labrous
and soniewhat g-laucous. Leaves rather crowded, linear, seniiterete,
often acute, rather thick, \ to above \ in. long". Plowers solitar}^ in
the axils. Fruiting- perianth with a broadly turbinate tube, a])Ove 1
line long- below the horizontal wing-s, with 3 or rarely 4 very prominent
vertical wing-s, and more than half ol' it occupied by a thick soUd base
below the fruit, the upper part of the perianth within the wing-s Hat
and closing- over the fruit as in most Kochias, the horizontal wing-s
united in a singie rig-idly membranous ring- expanding* to 4 or 5 Hnes
or even A in. diameter and quite concealing- the vertical wing's. Styles
usually 3.

N. S. Wales. Darling river, Victorian Expedition ; Mount Murchison, Giles.

V^. Australia, Drummond.

Var. erioclada. Branches densely tomentose ; leaves glabrous as in the tvpical forni,
but niore obtuse anJ terete. — Murray desert, Herh. F. Mueller ; W. Australia, Drum-
mond, n. 432.

4. K. oppositifolia, F. Mmil. in. Trans. Vict. Iiist. 1855, 1-H,aiid iii
Hook. Kem Jouni. viii. '2()-i. A densely branched probably low shrub,
more or less hoary or silky-white with a close tomentum. Leaves
opposite or alternate, sessile, ovate or lanceohite, rather thick and
prominently keeled, about 1 to Ih lines long-. . Flowers solitary in the
axils. Fruiting" perianth much depressed, the tube very short and broad
without long-itudinal wing's, the upper portion Hat, with very short teeth
closed over the fruit, bordered by three broad membranous veined Aving's,
not connate though expanded into a circle of 3 to 4 lines diameter, with
2 inner smaller wing-s narrower and less spreading-, corresponding- to
the inner perianth-lobes, and sometimes almost obsolete. Styles 2,
connate at the base.

5. Australia. Seacoast opposite Lake Hamilton, Wilhelini; Coorong desert and
Spencer's Gulf, F. Mueller ; Venus and Streaky Bay, Bahhage.

"W. Australia. King George^s Souiul, li. Browii; towarJs Cape Riche, Harrey.
Drummond's spf.cimens, 4th coll. n 2;jl, wiihuut iiower.-;, rcferred here witli Joubt liy
F. Mueller, appear to me to be more like Didymantlnis Boei, in wliich the leavcs are
more constantly opposite and rather longer thau in Kocltia 02)j)ositifolia.

5. K. brevifolia, li. Br. Frod. 409. A much-branched rather
slender shrub, the branches and foliag-e pubescent or tomentose with
short woolly hairs or the leaves g-htbrous. Leaves alternate, sessile,
linear or oblong-, obtuse, thick and ahnost terete or somewhat Hattened,
about 1 line or rarely nearly 2 lines long-. Flowers small and solitary
in the axils, Fruiting- perianth much depressed, giabrous or sHgiitly
pubescent, the tube hemispherical, the iq)per portion scarcely 1 Hne
diameter within the wing-s, with 5 equal broad obtuse lobes horizon-
tally closed over the fruit but rather thick and ahiiost buHate, forming-
5 distinct prominences, the perianth bordered by 5 horizontal mem-

186 xcvi. CHEXoi>omACi:.E. [Kochia.

branous veinecl wings, forming- a complete circle uf about 3 lines
diameter but not united as in all the following- species. Styles usually
?, rather sliort, united at the base. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 131 ;
Sitl.wla hmchi/phijlla, Sjtreno-. Syst. i. 924 ; Kochia thijmifolia, Lindl. in
Mitch. Trop. Austr. 50, Moq. l.c. 4G1.

Queensland. Darling Downs, Lau ; Armadilla, Barton.

N. S. TVales. Caniden vnlley, Liverpool Plains, A. Cunnmgham ; Morra Creek,
MacquaiTie riv. r, Mltchell ; Dnrling river, Mrs. Ford.

Victoria. iMurray deseit, F. 31ueUer.

S. Australia. Spencer'8 Gulf, B. Broicn ; Port Adelaide, F. Mueller ; Burra-
Burra, Jlinteraeher.

W. Australia. jMurcliison river, Oldfidd ; Drummond, Qth coU. n. 224.

6. ? K. pyramidata, Bcfith. A divaricately branched shrub, with
numerous riyid but scarcely spinescent branchlets, softly tomentose-
pubescent or cottony as well as the foliag-e. Leaves alternate, very
sjn-eading-, Hnear orterete, obtuse, 1 to 2 lines long-, thick and soft,
often chistered in the axils. Flowers small, solitarv in the upper axils.
Perianth about | hne long- at the time of llowering-, more ovoid and
more deeply lobed than in other species, the stamens and 2 styles ex-
serted. Fruiting- perianth slig-htly pubescent and drying- very bhick,
the tube l)roadly turbinate the upper portion within the Aving- erect,
pyramidal, at least 2 lines long- and as much in diameter at the base,
surrounded by an entire annular membrauous wing- from ^ to 1 line
broad. Pericarp and seed as in the rest of the g-enus.

N. S. Wailes. Laclilan river, A. CumiingJiam ; sand liills near the Darling,
occnpying large tracts and giving a cliaracter to ihe couutry, Beclder ( Victorian Ex-
pedition) ; Murray desert, Herb. F. MiieUer.

F. Mueller tliinks that this may be a state of K. riUosa. with a monstrously developed
perianth, but besides some difference in habit and foliage (which approach those of
K. apkidJa) I find great uiiiformity in the enlarged perianths which aie very numerous
on the spetimens, and in about half a dozen that 1 have examined I have always found
perfectly normal poricarps, seeds and cmbiyos.

7. K. eriantha, F. MucU. Bcp. Bahh. Expcd. 20. Apparently a stout
shrub, the branches woolly-tomentose. Leaves crowded, sessile, linear
or lanceolate, obtuse or acute, thick and soft, densely clothed with
silk}' fulvous hairs, mostly about \ in. long\ Flowers solitary in the
axils but crowded along' the branches, enveloped in long woolly hairs.
Fruiting perianth of K. villosa, the horizontal wings connected in a
ring- spreading- to about \ in. diameter and woolly all over. Styles
usually 2.

S. Australia. Elizabeth Creek, Babbage's Expedition ; between Stokes Range
and ('(Miiur's Crcek, Wheeler.

This lias the foliage of K. lano.sa and K. lohoptera, but still more silky, with the
periaiitli (except in the long woolly hairs) cntirely of K. viUosa, of which it might
nlmost eiiually wcll be cousidered as a variety only.

8. K. villosa, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Aii.str. 91. An uudershrub or
shndj, erect spreading or decumbent, more or less silky-villous to-
mentose or wooUy, or the foliage at length nearly glabrous. Leaves

KocJiiu.] xcvi. cnK.\(»i'()i»iA('K.i:. IST

alternate, linear, obtuse, tliick and suft in tlie typical Ibrm, terete or
flattened, from under \ in. to about \ in. long-. Flowers solitary in the
axils. Fruiting" perianth depressed, from quite glabrous except a slig-ht
pubescence on the edg-e of the lobes to tomentose all over including- the
wing-s, the tube short and broad without vertical wing-s, the summit flat
within the wing-s, the lobes very short and chjsed over the fruit, the
dorsal wing-s united in a sing-le entire or rarely lobed horizontal ring',
membranous and very tinely veined, spreading- to from \ to nearly |
in. diameter. Styles 2 or 8, usually long-, united at the base. — Moq.
in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 4G1 ; Muiream toiiientosn, Moq. in Ann. Sc. Nat.
Ser. 2, XV. 97. t. 13 ; and in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 130. Kochin tonwMosu, F.
Muell. Rep. Babb. Exped. 20 ; K. pubescens, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii.
131 as to the AustraHan but not as to the S. African plant.

N. Australia. Sturt's Ci-eek, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Nrtrran river, Mitchell; tSuttor desert, F. MueUer.

NT. S. 'Wales. Lachlan river and Liverpool plaiiis, A. Cunningliam; Bogan river,
Zieichhardt ; from the Murray, Darling an(i Lachlan rivers lo tbe Barrier Range, Vic-
torian and other Expeditions.

Victoria. Murray river, i^. il/MeZZer; Little river, i^tt/fo^a?'; Wimmera, Z)aZ/ac7«2/;
Skipton, Whan.

S. Australia. St. Vincent's Gulf, B. Brown (imperfect specimens referred wilh
doubt to K. hrevifolia) ; Flimlers' Kange and towards Spencer's Gulf, F. Mueller.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 125, Uh coll. n. 242; Sharks Bay, Milne; N. W.
of the Great Bight, Delisser.

The species varies exceedingly in foliage and indiimentum as well as in tlie size of
the perianth-wiiig, which, moreover, although usually quite entire, is sometimes irregu-
larly lobed. The followiiig forms appear the most distinct.

Var. humilis, a low underslirub with ascending stems not exceeding 6 in. — Not un ■
frequent in the desert countiy of Victoria and ailjoining portion of N. S. Wales.

Var. wicrocarpa. Branches very cottony. Leaves small (under \ in), rather thick
and neariy glabrous. Fruiting peiianth 1.^ lines diameter within tlie wing, 3 lines
diameter including the wing. — Darliiig and Lachlan rivers, Victorian and ot/ter Expe-
ditions.

Var. ? tenuifoUa, F. Muell. Nearly glabrous. Leaves fine, 2 to 4 lines long. Pe-
riantli ratlier small and late in developing the wing. Perhaps a distinct species. —
Darling Downs, Woolls ; Curriwillighie, Z^aZfyw; Armadilla, .Bario?? ; Cooper's Creek,
Murray ; also in LeichhardV s collection.

The pieceding K. eriantha, and the following four species might almost eqiially well
be considered as varieties of A'. villosa, the lines of demarkation between tliem being
often rather vague.

9. K. planifolia, F. Muell. Frufjm. i. 213. An erect divaricately
branched shrub of 2 to 3 ft. {Oldjiehl), the branches and young- foliage
covered with a soft and dense woolly tomentum which wears oiF from
the older leaves. Leaves oblong- or oblanceohite, obtuse, contracted
into a distinct petiole, \to^ in. long- rather thick but llat. Fruiting'
perianth precisely that of K. villosa, g-hibrous or tomentose, the wing'
g-enerally entire, membranous and attaining- 5 to G lines diameter.

\tr. Australia. Murchison river, Ohlfield {Ilerh. F.Mueller). Perhaps a variety
only of K. villosa.

10. K. sedifolia, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Jnst. 1855, l^-i, and in
Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 205. A stout very denselv branched shrub at-

188 xcvi. chexopodiack.t:. [KocJiia.

taining- 1? to ;3 ft., wliite or fulvuus all over with a ratlier close dense
cottony wool. Leaves oblon<>'-clavate, obtuse, soft tliick aud ofteu
nearly terete, contracted at the base but sessile, mostly l^ to 3 lines
lony. Flowers rather cruwded, ofren two in the same axil. Flower-
ing- perianth j^lobular, dcnsely tomentose, not 1 line diameter. Fruit-
in^i' j)eriunth of K. villusa, but the wing' usually more reg^ularly circular,
}>labrous or tomentose, expandiny to 3 or 4 lines diameter. Styles
usually 3.

N. S. VtTales. Lachlan river and Mount Goniiigberi, Vicforlan Ei-pctlition ;
Parlin'1' rivor, Mrs. Ford ; Mount Murchis )n, Bonney.
Victoria. Murray river, Dallachy.
S. Australia. JMurray Scruh, i''. Mueller.

11. K. appressa, Ihnth. A much-branched slirub, more or less
clothed with a short but soft cottony 'wool. Leaves very small, linear
or oblong", erect and appressed, rarely exceeding- 1 line, thick and soft,
imbricate on the young- shoots. Flowers solitary in the axils. Fruiting*
])('rianth like that of some varieties of K. villum, usually g-labrous, the
annular wing- ex])anding- to about 4 or 5 lines diameter, very thin, with
tlie veins very iine and not very consj^icuous.

Victoria ? Lake Tjrrell, Murray desert, Jlerh. F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Margaret Ci'eek, Bahhage^s Expedition.

Like tlie two preceding species, this only diifers from K. villosa iii the foliage.

12. K. aphylla, F. Br. Prud. 409. A rig-id divaricately branched
scrubby shrub with rather slender spinescent branches, the whole plant
white with a short soft woolly tomentum or becoming- at leng-th nearly
g-labrous. Leaves minute and deciduous, rarely above ^ line long-,
although on some luxuriant barren branches they may exceed 1 line,
the older branches usually g'labrous and leailess. Fruiting' periantli
entirely that of K. villu.m, of ^vhich F. Mueller considers tliis plant as a
variety only. It a])pears to me however at least as distinct as either
of the three preceding- ones. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 131.

Queensland. Armadilia, Barton.

N. S. Wales. l)arling desert, Victorian and Qthcr Expeditions.
Victoria. N.W. part of the colnny, L. Morton ; IVIurray river, llerrgott.
S. Australia. Spencer's (iulf, li. Broirn ; Murray Scrub, Behr. ; Fliudtrs' Range,
JJ<Jirill's F.ijitdilion ; Gawler Eanges, ,SuUivan.

13. K. ciliata, F. Mvcll. Krjj. Buhh. Expcd. 20. A]jparently a de-
cimibent undershrub, the ascending- branches softly woolly-villuus.
Leaves alternate, linear or lanceolate, obtuse or acute, silky-villous on
both sidcs, 2 to 3 lines long-. Flowers solitary in the axils, but crowded
into a terminal leafy raccme. Fruiting- perianth very Hat, clothed wdth
long- soft hairs, scarcely 2 lines diameter including- tlie annular wing-,
which is thick and hard, quite entire and bordered bv a dense fringe of
long- soft hairs. f^tvlcs 'J.—Schrolana vnijlura, Lindl. in Mitch. 'Jrop.
Austr. 72, not of K. Br.

N. S. Wales. Darling descrt, BaUuchy ; Jlacquarrii- rivc)-, Mitchdl.
S. Australia. Knm .'-prings and Margarct Cieck, Bahhag<'s Expedition.

Kochia.] xcvi. ciiknopodiack.e. 189

14. K. brachyptera, F. Muell. 2nd Gen. liep. 15. A prostrate un-
derslirub, spreading- to 1 ft. or moi-e, with shortly asceniUng" branches,
clothed as well as the foliag-e with hmg- soft spreading- hairs, not forming-
the cottony wool of most species. Leaves alternate, linear, sessile, \ to
^ in. long-, ilat and thinner than in most species. Flowers small,
solitary in the axils, tlie perianth ovoid with 5 short erect obtuse mem-
branous lobes. Stamens 5. Styles '2, connate at the base. Fruiting-
perianth about l^ lines diameter including- the wing-s, the tube below
the horizontal wing- hemispherical, shoxtly hollowed at the base, with
6 vertical wing-s adnate to the horizontal one and tapering- to the base,
the summit very llat, bordered by an exceeding'ly narrow rather thick
horizontal o-ang-led wing-, the angles vei'y acute boing- the small points
of the vertical wings. — SclcroeJdamjis hracliijptera., F. ^Muell. in Trans.
Phil. Inst. Vict. ii. 1^\ Eelwiopsiloii brachijpterus, F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 13.

N. S. 'Wales. Laclilan, Murray and Darlinfir rivers, Victoria and other Ex-
pediuons

Victoria. Murray river, DallacJiy.

S. Australia. Cuilnaka and Lake Turrcns, E. Jlueller ; Cooper's Creek, Hoioitt s
Expedition.

15. K. stelligera, F. MnelJ. Fragm. vii. 13. A diifuse or procum-
bent undershrub spreading" to 1 ft. or more, with numerous rather
slender ascending' branches not above 6 in. hig-h, clothed as Avell as the
young' foliag-e with a white cottony wool wearing* otf from tlie older
leaves. Leaves alternate, sessile, narrow-linear, erect or spreading-, very
soft, 1 to 3 lines long-. Flowers small, solitary iu the axils, but often
crowded in woolly leafy tufts at the ends of the branches, the perianth
nearly gdobuhir, woolly outside, with short lobes, about \ line hino'.
Stamens inchided. Styles 2, rather long-, scarcely united at the base.
Fruiting- perianth nearly 1| lines diameter, of a thick hard consistence,
the teeth hemispherical, quite smooth, without vertical wing-s, the basal
hollow small, the summit very Hat, bordered by a very narrow rather
rigid horizontal wing*, with 10 to 12 short rig-id equally radiating' teeth
or points. — Maireanu steJVujera., F. Muell. Frag-m. i. 139 ; EcJiinopsiJori
steJJigerus, F. Muelh Frag'm. vii. 13.

N. S. Wales. Sand liills and Clay flats, Darling desert, Victorian E.rpedilion,
Dullndiii and Guodtcin.

7. CHENOLEA, Thunb.
(Echinopsilon, Mog. Eriocliiton, F. Muell.)

Flowers hermaphrodite or j)olyg'amous. Perianth depressed-g-lobular,
membranous, with 5 (or -1 l) intlexed lobes closing- over the fruit, and 6
or fewer dorsal diverg-ent spines or soft horn-like appendag-es, often
unequal, sometimes very small or quite obsolete, Stamens 5. Styles
2 or 3, connate at the base. Fruit enclosed in the perianth, more or
less depressed. Pericarp membranous. Seed horizontal or oblique ;
embr^^o annulnr, tlio radicle often ascending- over the cotyledonar end. —
Diffuse or spreading- undershrubs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, narrow.

100

xcvi. CHENOPODIACE^. [Clienolca.

iisuiillv soft iind silkv-villous or woolly, rarely g-labrous. Flowers sessile
and' solitiirv in the axils, euveloped in cottony wool or long- hairs.

sp

The treiuis is spread cver the temperate regions of tlie Old World, the Austrahan
p, cies appareutly all endemic. Tiie allied African aiid Eumpean species require, how-
cver fiirtiier examinatiun and comprtrison. 'Ihe name of Chenolta \vas originally
applicd to a Cape specics, in which tlie pcrianth spincs are rednced to minute tubercles
01- are Ircquently quite inconspicnous and wcre omitted in Tliunberg's descriptiou.
Moquin, liaviiig ascf-rtaincd their occasional presence, transferred Tluinberg's spccies to
his Ecidvo^isiion, tliat is to tlie scction of Urowii's Kochia with spinescent perianth-
appendagcs, and reserved Tbunberg's name for a Canary Islaiul phiiit uiikiiown to
'1 bunberg, in which these tubeicles or spines have nnt yet been detected and perhaps
never exist. This devel.ipment of tbe spines is, however, so vague in several species,
tiiat it secms hopeless to distinguish tbe two genera I have re united under Thunberg'8
iiame \\bieh is tlie oldest The spineless species differ froin Enchjlcena chiefly in
tbe texture of the perianth, and in almost the whole genus the seed is not so perfectly
flat as iii Enchyhena and Kochia, the radicle being slightly ascending or erect,
altbougb not so mucli so as in ,Sclerolcena.

Fruiting perianth without any appendages, or the si>inesreduced
to minute tubcrcles. Flowers in terrainal leafy spikes.
Leaves at length glabrous. Fruiting periantlis enveloped in

long fulvous woolly hairs . . _. . • • !• C. carnosa.

Leaves hoary-tonientose. Fruiting-perianths enveloped in

short deiise cottnny wool 2. C. Dctllachyana.

Friiiting pcrianlh witbS long radiating soft wooUy hoins obtuse

and turned up at tlie end . 3. C. tricornis.

Fruiting pcrianth willi 5 radialing spines or awns. Periauth
witbout appendages above the spines.
rerianlh wilh 5 awns or slender spines enveloped in fulvous

silky hairs 4 or 5 hnes long . . . 4. C. eurotioidts.

Perianth witb 5 short radiating spines, enveloped in fulvous

bairs not longer than the perianth 5. C. Muelleri.

Peiianth with 5 niembranous notched or bifid appendages and
5 radiating spines lower down, enveloped in dense cottony
•wool 6. C. sclerolcenoides.

1. C. carnosa, Benth. Asmall undershrub, with ashort branching
hard base, covered with the remains of old leaves, and erect or ascend-
ino- liowering stems of 3 or 4 in., slig-litly cottony or silky-villous or at
leng-tli gltibrous. Leaves sessile, distant in the lower part of the liower-
ing- stenis, linear, acute or obtuse, rather thick and llesliy, g-kibrous
when full g-rown, mostly 3 to 4 lines long-, the Horal ones shorter, hmceo-
late or ovate-hmceolate, the upper ones not exceeding* the Howers.
Flowers sessile and solitary in each axil, but crowded into a dense ter-
minal leafy spike of 1 in. or more, and densely enveloped in long- intri-
cate silky-woolly hairs, often very shining". Fruiting- perianth depressed,
membranous, ahnost scarious, about 1 line diameter without the wool,
nearly 3 Unes with it, with 5 lobes closing* over the friiit and snrrounded
by a slightly raised horizontal ridg-e, but without appendag-es of any sort.
Stamens o. Styles 2 (or sometimes 3 ?) united to the middle. Pericarp
depressed, membranous, with a few long hairs. Seed horizontal; embryo
broadly annular, with the radicle shortly rising- over the cotyledonar
end. — Echinopsilon? carnuau.^i, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 136; Trichinivm
camomm, Moq. in Herb. Hook.

^V. AuRtralia. Drvmmond, ifh coll. n. 246.

Chenolea.] xcvi. ciiexopodiace.i^, 191

2. C. Dallachyana, Bcnth. A shrub or undershrub, the branches
clothed with cotton}' -wool. Leaves sessile, linear, obtuse, thick and
soft, tomentose but with more appressed and less intricate hairs than the
stems, 2 to ^3 lines long-, the lioral ones rather broader and long-er, but
exceeding- the Howers. Flowers solitary or 2 tog-other in the axils, but
crowded into terminal leafj spikes of about 1 in. Fruiting- porianth
(perhaps not quite rijie) nearly globuhir, membranous, denselj woollj-
tomentose, about l^ lines diameter including- the wool ; lobes broad
connivent over the fruit, without anj dorsal appendag-e. Stamens 5.
Stjles 2, connate at tlie base. Pericarp depressed, g'labrous. Seed
horizontal ; embrvo annuhir with a shortlj ascending' radicle.

N. S. ^Vales or Victoria. Miirrav river, Dallachy.

3. C. tricornis, Bcnth. A diifuse or divaricatelj-branched shrub,
denselj clothed with a soft white cottonj wool. Leaves sessile, linear,
rather acute, verj soft and denselj silkj-villous, mostlj 3 to 5 lines
long". Flowers solitarj in the axils of tlie stem-leaves. Flowering-
perianth depressed g-Iobular, 5-Iobed, with 3 obtuse horizontal protube-
rances. Stamens (alwajs ?) 3 onlj. Stjles 3, shortly united at the
base. Fruiting- perianth depressed, of athin texture, denselj tomentose,
slig-htlj hollowed at the base, the lobes horizontallj closing- over the fruit,
Avith 3 dorsal horizontallj radiating- soft horns, each fullj 2 lines long-,
obtuse and turned up at the end, the base occupjing- the wliole depth of
the perianth-tube. Seed horizontal ; embrjo nearlj annular, the radicle
produced bejond the cotjledonar end, but not turned up ; albumen verj
scantj.

N. S. Wales. Clay flafs, Darling river, Dallachy. This plant at first sight re-
sembles the three-flowered state of ticlerolcena lijiora, but the three floral rays are the
three appeudages of one perianth, not three periauths united at the base.

4. C. eurotioides, F. Muell. An undershrul) or perhaps a shrub,
with rather slender branches, closelj and softly tomentose. Leaves
sessile, narrow-Iinear, acute, very soft and silky-villous, the floral ones
similar. Flowers solitary in the upper axils, densely enveloped in long-
straight silky-fulvous hairs which attain 4 or 5 lines. Perianth already
slig-htly enlarg-ed, about 1 line long-, membranous, with 4 obtuse lobes,
and 3 or 4 long* unequal slender dorsal awns. Ripe fruit not seen, but
in the enlarg-ed perianth the seed is oblique, and the embryo already
formed with a slig'htly ascending' radicle. — Echinopsilon eurotioides, F.
Mucll. Frag"m. vii. 13.

IV. Australia, Drummond, 5th coll. siqjpl n. 83.

5. C. Muelleri, Bcnth. A shrub or undershrub, with the aspect of
some forms of Sclcrohenu dicrantha, the rather slender branches clothed
with a soft tomentum, more silky on the foliage and passing- into long-er
hairs about the inflorescence. Leaves sessile, linear, obtuse or acute,
very soft, \ to h in. long', tlie floral ones rather shorter and broader.
Flowers solitary in the axils, densely enveloped in soft silky hairs of
1 to 2 lines in length. Perianth small, membranous, with (5 ?) very

192 XCVI. CHEXOI'ODIACE/Ii:. [Chviiolca.

short obtuse lobes, and 4 or 0 dorsal awns, which in tlie fruiting- perianth
become divaricate spines, unecpuil in leng-th, the lono-est but little more
than 1 line. Stamcns o. Styles 2, united to near the middle. Seed
liorizontal or oblique, with an ascending- radicle.
N. Australia. Sturfs Creuk, F. Mtielkr.

6. C. sclerolaenoides, F. Mndl. A small undershrub, much
])raucli('(l ut tlie liase, usually under G in. hig-h, densely clothed with a
soft rather loose woolly tomentum. Leaves sessile, linear, obtuse, soft,
2 to 3 or rarely 4 lines long-. Flowers solitary in the axils, densely
involved in w(Jiolly hairs forming- when in fruit a globular mass of 2 to
'i lines diameter. Perianth concealed in tlie wool, witli u short llat
lobes closing- over the fruit, 0 dorsal erect membranous bifid appendag-es,
and lower down 5 linear sometimes pung-ent and spine-like appendag-es
radiating- from near the base, all usually concealed under the wool or
the points of the spines slig-htly protruding-. Styles 2, united at the
base. Seed horizontal ; embryo Hat, annular, the radicle either not at
all or only verv slig-htly rising- above the cotyledonar end. — Eriochiton
schcrokenoides, F. Muell. Second Rep. 15 ; Eckinopsilon scleroUenoidcs, F.
Muell. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. ii. 75.

N. S. M^ales. Mun-ay and Dailing rivers, Dallachi/ anil (>'o dicin,
Victoria. Murray river at the niouth of the Golgol, F. Mueller.
S. Australia. Cudnakn, Lake Torrens, F. Mueller.
'W. Australia, iJrummond {Ilerh. F. Mueller).

Thc Sderohcim inufora, LiniU. (not of I5r.) relcrrud herc throngh sonic rai.stake by
F. Muclier, Fragm. vii. 13, is the Kochia ciliata.

8. BABBAGIA, F. Muell.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth urceolate, hard when in fruit, with
4 (or 5 .') sniall membranous lobes, and 2 or 8 dorsal membranous stipi-
tate wing-s more or less vertical. Stamens 4 (or 5 ?), Styles 2, connate
at the base. Fruit enclosed in the perianth. Pericarp membranous.
Seed ]u)rizontal ; testa membranous ; embryo nearly annular, enclosing"
a mcaly albumen, tlie radicle slightly ascending- above the cotyledonar
end. — Dilfuse g'labrous undershrub or slirub. Leaves linear, alternate.
Flowers solitary in the axils, sessile, without bracts.

The genus is limited to a sin^le spccies, endeniic in Australia.

1. B. dipterocarpa, F. Miicll. Ii'cp. Babb. Expcd. 21. A small much-
braiiclied diiltisc undershrub or spreading- shrub, g-labrous except some-
time.s a slig-ht wool in tlie axils of the leaves, an(i more or less giaucous.
Leaves linear or oblanceolate, thick or semiterete, under 3 lines long-,
often crowded on tlie young- branches. Fruiting- perianth rather more
than 1 line long-, the hollow base about h line long- and as much
diameter, closedunderthe fruit, the fruit-bearing-partdepressed-giobular,
about I line diiimcter, the broad membranous semicircular wing-s ex-
panding- to about 3 lines diameter, each wing- contracted into a thick
bnsc and placod ()]i]if|uply or V(Ttical]y with reference to the perianth.

Bdbbagia.] xcvi. chenopodiace^. 193

apparently by the torsion of tliat base. Fruit mucli depressed. Seed
verv flat.

N. S. Wales. Mount Murchison (Bonney ?) ; near Stokes Range, Wheeler.
S. Australia. Stuarfs Creek and Elizabeth Creek, Babhage; Cooper'B Creek,
HoiciWs Exjjeditlon.

9. DIDYMANTHUS, Endl.

Flowers hermaplirodite. Perianth cylindrical, "with 5 short broad
thick lobes, closing- over the fruit, and bearing-on their backs distinct hori-
zontal wing-s. Stamens 3 to 5. Styles 2, connate at the base. Fruit
inclosed in the calyx. Pericarp membranous. Seed ovate, vertical ;
testa membranous ; embryo horseshoe-shaped, almost annular, enclosing'
a small quantity of mealy albumen ; radicle erect. — Shrub or undershrub,
more or less cottony. Leaves small, mostly opposite, entire. Flowers
two tog-ether, sessile in the axils, connate by their base and horizontally
divaricate.

The genus is limited to a single species endemic in "W. Australia.

1. D. Roei, Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 8, and Iconogr. t. 100. An erect
branching shrub or undershrub, rarely above 1 ft. high, the branches
and young- leaves more or less hoary or white with close woolly hairs.
Leaves mostly opposite or nearly so, sessile, lanceolate, acute, thick,
about 2 lines long, silky-villous or nearly glabrous when full-g-rown.
Fruiting- perianths divaricate, forming as it were a single cyhnder at-
tached by the centre, each perianth varying from 1 to 2 lines in length,
with 5 horizontal membranous wings spreading to a diameter of from
\^ to 3 lines. Stamens in the flowers examined usually 3, rarely 4.
Styles united to the middle. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 124.

^V. Australia, Eoe, Drummond, n. 130, 148, 208. The fruiting perianths vary
much in size, although the two of each pair are always similar. At the time of flower-
ing they are very short and almost free irom each other.

10. SCLEROL^NA, R. Br.

(Kentropsis, Moq.; Dissocarpus, F. Muell.)

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth at first nearly globular, at length
turbinate or depressed, somewhat compressed, not succulent and usually
hard, with 5 short inflexed lobes, and 2 dorsal opposite divergent spines,
either both equal or one smaller or scarcely developed. Stamens 5.
Styles 2 or rarely 3, connate at the base. Fruit globuhir or depressed ;
pericarp membranous. Seed usually globular or depressed at the base,
■\vith a more or less prominent ascending or erect rostellum. Testa
membranous. Embryo almost annular, surrounding a mealy albumen,
the radicle ascending- above the cotvledonar end into the rostellum of the
seed. — Undershrubs or shrubs, either prostrate decumbent or divari-
cately branched. Leaves alternate, narrow, usually soft and silky-villous

VOL. V. o

194 xcvi, CHENOPODiACE^. [Sclerolana.

or woolly. Flowers sessile in tlie axils, enveloped in cottony wool or
soft bairs.

The gcnus is limited to Australia. It is nearly allied to Anisacantha, but tlie spines
of the periaiith (which I always find dorsal, not terminating the lobes as descnbed by
Moquin) are two oniy, and the seed is not so distinctly vertical.

Flowers solitary in the axils.

Fruiting perianth 1 to IJ lines long and usually as broad, tomen-
tose or nearly glabrous.
Leaves mostly linear-clavate, thick and obtuse. Spines of the

periantli very short . . . 1. S. uniflora.

Leaves narrow-linear, rather acute. Spines 1 to 3 lines long,

glabrous or nearly so . 2. o. diacantlta.

Fruiting pcriaiitli 2 lines long, densely covered aswell as the spines

with longhairs . . Z. S. lanicuspis.

Fruiting perianth 2 to 3 lines diameter, enveloped in a thick mass

of white cottony wool. Spines i to 4 in. long . ._ . . _ . . ^. S. hicornis.
Flowers 2 or 3 together united at the base and diverging horizon-

tally 5. *S. hiflora.

Flowers several together united in a hard globular mass .... 6. S.paradoxa.

S. coriacea, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 123, from the Barren islands (off the S. coast?)
Herb. Mus. Par., is unknown to me, and having no spines to the perianth may not be
a true congener. Branches densely woolly, lioary. Leaves imbvicate, elliptical or
oblong-elliptical, obtuse or rather acute, coriaceous, white and very tomentose^ 3_to 4
lines long, 1 to l^ lines broad. Flowers solitary, tomentose, i line long. Fruiting
perianth without spines. Styles much exserted, vilious at the base with hispid hairs.

1. S. uniflora, E. Br. Prod. 410. A diffase or decumbent mucli-
branclied undersbrub or sbrub, not exceeding- 1 ft., covered witb a dense
boary or fulvous tomentum. Leaves sessile, linear-cLavate, very obtuse,
tbick and soft, mostly 2 to 4 bnes long-. Flowers small, solitary in tbe
axils. Periantb oblique, very sbortly and irreg-ularly 4- or 5-tootbed. Styles
2, connate to tbe middle. Fruiting- periantb scarcely 1| lines long- in-
cluding- tbe broad bollow base or stipes, bard, tomentose or nearly
glabrous, the moutb very obbque, bearing- at tbe top of tbe tube 1 or 2
opposite very small dorsal spines, sometimes almost obsolete. Embryo
horizontally annular at tbe base, witb the radicle turning- up over tbe
cotyledonar end and erect. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. l23, partly.

S. Australia. Fowler's Bay, R. Brovm.

■W. Australia. Dirk Hartog'8 Island, A. Cunnhigham ; Sharks Bay, Milne.

Moquin has correctly named Cunningham'8 West Australian specimens in Herb.
Hooker, but in giving the station, Livcrpool Plains, on Cunningham's authority, in the
Prodromus from Herb. DC, he must have had in view somc other plant, probably the
following species, which may indeed prove to be only a variety of it.

2. S. diacantha, Benth. A diffuse or prostrate undersbrub, densely
clothfed with a soft ftdvous or wbite tomentum more silky on tbe foliag-e,
Leaves sessile, bnear, mostly acute, very soft, sometimes ratber thick
and ^to i in. long", sometimes longer and narrower, tbe floral ones not
broader. Flowers solitary, tbe periantb broadly campanulate or almost
urceobdte, about ^ bne long and | line broad, the lobes very short mem-
branous and sHghtly inflexed, tbe 2 opposite dorsal spines already long-
and nearly as deep as tbe periantb-tube. Antbers 6, half exserted.

Sclerolegm.] xcvi. chenopodiace^. 195

St^^les 2 (or 3 ?) very sliortly connate at tlie base. Fruiting- perianth
hard, tomentose, depressed and slightly compressed at the top, about 1
line long-, and the flat slig-htly hollow base 1 to l^ lines diameter, closed
at tlie orifice, the two opposite dorsal spines diverg-ing- or divaricate,
nearlj equal and varving- in the typical Ibrm from 1 to nearly 2 lines in
leno-th. Seed g-lobular or obHque, with an ascending- or erect rostellum.
Embryo horizontally annuhir with an erect radicle. — Anisacantha dia-
cantha, Nees in Pl. Preiss. i. 635 ; Kcntropsis diacantha, Moq. in DC.
Prod. xiii. ii. 138, (both from Moquin's descr.) ; Anisacantha hcntropsidea,
F. MuelL in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 133, andin Hook. Kew. Journ. viii.
201:, reduced to A. diacantha in Fragm. vii. 14.

Queensland. Cape river, Bowman; Armadilla, Barton; Box Forest, Leichhardt.

N. S. \^ales. Lachlan and Murray rivers, Herh. F. Mueller.

Victoria. Bacclius Marsh, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Tumbj and Holdtast Bays, F. Muellcr.

Vir. Australia. Quangen plaius, jPreiss, n. 2379. I have not seen these speci-
mens, but the descriptions given quite agree wnith the eastern plant. The Murchison
river specimens referred here by F. Mueller, belong however to the nearly allied true
S. uniflora, Br.

Var. lovgispina. ? Perianth rather longer and sometimes naiTower, very tomentose or
nearly glabrous. Spines slender, 2 to 4 lineslong. — Darling desert, Victorlan Expedition ;
Murray river, F. Mueller; Wimmera, Dallachy ; Gawler ranges, SulUvan ; towards
Spencer'8 gulf, Warhurton.

3. S. lanicuspis, F. 3Iiiell. A low undershrub or shrub, the stems
rather stout and not exceeding- 6 in. in our specimens, densely clothed
with a loose cottony wool, more silky and appressed on the leaves.
Leaves rather crowded, linear, thick and soft, often above ^ in. long*.
Fruiting- perianth similar to that of /S. diacantha but rather larg-er, l^
to 2 lines long- and very densely clothed with long- silky or woollyhairs,
the two dorsal opposite spines diverg-ent, nearly equal, 1 to 2 lines long-.
— Anisacantha lanicuspis, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 170 ; Kmtropsis eriacantha,
F. Muell. l.c. 140.

N. S. Wales. Darling liver to the Barrier Range, Victorian Expedition ; Ballan-
dool river, Locker.

4. S. bicornis, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 47. A stout shrub,
with divaricate rather thick branches, clothed with a shortbut soft cottony
wool. Leaves very narrow-hnear, acute, semiterete, often above |- in.
long", tomentose when young", becomino- g-labrous when full g-rown.
Flowers solitary in the axils, the perianth 1| hnes long- at the time of
flowering". Fruiting* perianth 2 to 3 hnes diameter within the
dense white cottony wool which covers it and almost doubles its
size, very hard, nearly giobular but slig-htly compressed, with 2 rig-id
divaricate dorsal spines, varying' in length from j to ^ in. or sometimes
nearly | in. Seed horizontal, wuth a long* ascending rostellum. — Moq.
in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 123 ; Kentropsis lanata, Moq. Chenop. Enum. 83, and
in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 138 ; Anisacantha bicontis, F. Muell. Frag'm, vii. 14.

N. Australia. Sturt's Creek and Plains of Promise, F. Mueller.
Queensland. Curriwillighie, Dalton.

o2

196 xcvi. CHENOPODIACE.E. [Sdcrulcena.

N. S. VTales. Molle's Plains, A. Cunningham ; between tlie Darling river and
the Banior Kange, Mitchell, Victorian Expedition ; Mount Murcliison, Bonney ;
Ballandiiol rivcr, Locker.

S. Australia. Cooper's Creek, Murray.

5. S. biflora, i?. Br. Prod. 410. A procumbent or spreading- bronch-
ing- slirub, clothed with a short close cottony wool, rather looser and
more silky on the foHug-e of hixuriant shoots. Leaves sessile, narrow-
hnear, acute or obtuse, very soft, \ to ^ in. long-. Flowers 2 or rarely
3 tog-ether in the axils, connate at the base and divaricate at a very early
stag'e. Perianth at the time of tlowering' about | line long" and broad,
deeply divided into 5 lobes inflexed at the end, densely enveloped in
cottony wooh Styles 2, connate at the base. Fruiting- perianths hori-
zontally diverg-ing- from and continuous with a common very broad
hollow base or peduncle of about 1 line, the perianths themselves about
1| Hnes long', very hard and thick at the lase, the orifice nearly closed
by the intlexed thinner lobes without any or sometimes with 1 or 2
dorsal niinute tuberch^s or short spines. Pericarp depressed. Seed hori-
zontal or somewhat oblique with an ascending* rostellum. Embryo an-
nular with an ascending- or erect radicle. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii.
123 ; Dissocurpus Ufiorus, F. Muell. in Trans. PhiL Inst. Vict. ii. 7o.

N. S. VTales. Sandhills, Darling river, Victorian Expedition.
Victoria. Murray river, F. Mueller.

5. Australia. Petrel Bay, B. Brown.

6. S. paradoxa, B. Br. Prod. 410. A decumbent much-branched
nndershrul), rurely exceeding" 1 ft., densely clothed with a loose cottony
wooh Leaves sessile, narrow-hnear, obtuse, soft and woolly or rarely
becoming" glabrous with ag'e, from under \ to nearly |- in. long*.
Flowers in dense axiUary chisters, the perianths small, deeply lobed.
Styles 2, connate to the middle. Fruiting- perianths 10 to 20 tog-ether,
very hard at the base, connate into a g-lobular cottony or woolly mass of
6 or 6 hnes diameter, each perianth with 1 or 2 small dorsal spines
Bhortly protruding" from or almost concealed in the wooh Seed nearly
g-lobular with a short ascending- rostellum ; embryo forming* a complete
circle with the radicle turned upwards over the cot^dcdonar end. — Moq.
in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 123.

N. S. TVales. Lachlan rivcr, A. Oinmingham (not vct in flower, and tlierefore un-
certain) ; Herb. F. Mueller (collector not named) ; Darling river, Victorian Expedi-
tion ; Mount Murchison, Bonney.

Victoria. Murray river, Dallachy.

S. Australia. St. Vincenfs Gulf, R. Brown ; Murray Scrub, F. Mueller.

11. THRELKELDIA, R. Br.

(Osteocarpus, F. Muell)

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth urceolate or cylindrical, hard when
in fruit, with 4 or 5 short meml)ranous lobes, without any dorsal appen-
dag-es or in one specics with 5 small erect spines. Stamens 5 or fewer.
Styles 2 or 3, connate at the base. Fruit enclosed in the perianth.

21irdhehUa.\ XCVI. CHENOPODIACE^. 107

more or less depressed. Pericarp membranous. Seed horizontal or
oblique. Testa menibranous ; embryo annular or nearly so, surround-
ing- a mealy albumen ; radicle ascending- or level with the cotyledonar
end or descending-. — Diffuse procumbent or trailing- undershrubs, quite
gdabrous or in one species scabrous. Leaves narrow, alternate. Flowers
solitary in the axils, closely sessile but not obliquely adnate as in Anisa-
cantha. Bracts none.

The genus is limited to Australia. It lias the hard perianth of Sclerolcena and Ani-
sacantha, but has either no spiues or (in one species) very short erect ones, and differs
moreover from the former in the want of any cottony wool, and from the hitter in the
seed. If, however, slight differences in the perianth and seed are taken iuto account,
the four species here included might be regarded as forming as many geiiera.

Perianth without appendages or hoilow base. Seed with an

ascending rostellum.
Fruitiiig ptTianth 1.^ lines long, scarcely oblique at the top . . 1. T. diffusa.
Fruiting perianth f line long, very oblique and gibbous on one

side at the top 2. T. salmginosa.

Perianth with a hirge holiow base below the fruit.

Perianh 1 to l^ lines long, with 5 small dorsal erect spines.

Seed horizontal Z. T. hrevicuspis.

Perianth 3 to 4 lines long, without spines. Seed very oblique,

with a descendingradicle 4. T. haloragoides.

1. T. difFusa, i?. Br. Prod. 410. A prostrate difRise or traihn^
undershrub, sometimes very small, sometimes extending- to 1 or 2 ft.,
with shortly ascending- branches, the whole plant glabrous and some-
what Eeshy. Leaves rather crowded, Hnear, mucronate-acute or obtuse,
thick and semiterete, contracted at the base, 2 to 4 lines or rarely | in.
long-. Flowers small, the perianth tubuhir, | line long-, obhquely con-
tracted above the middle, with 4 or 5 broad membranous erect lobes
shortly ciliate. Stjdes 2 or 3, connate to above the middle. Fruiting
perianth ovoid, about 1| lines long-, hard and ribbed when dry, said to
be Heshy wlien fresh, the orifice open or half-closed by the withered
lobes, without appendag-es. Fruit enclosed in the perianth and not raised
above the base, nearly g-lobular. Embryo horseshoe-shaped or annular
and horizontal at the base, with an ascending- radicle. — Moq. in DC.
Prod. xiii. ii. 127; Nees in Pl. Preiss. i. 635 ; Hook. f. Fl Tasm.i. 315.

Victoria. Wi!son's Promontory, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Kenfs Group, Bass's Straits, R. Broivn ; seashore E. of George Town,
Gunn.

S. Australia. Iloldfast Bay, F. Mueller.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Broion ; Bald Ishind, Oldfield ; N. W.
of the head of the Great Bight, Delisser ; Swan river, Prtiss, n. 1235 {Moquin).

Var. latifolia. Leaves flatter, broader and more petiolate, bnt smalh — Lucky Bay,
R. Brown; Dirk IIartog's Island, Milne.

2. T. salsuginosa, F. Mucll. Frar/m. vii. 12. A prostrate or diffuse
undershrub, more slender than T. dijfusa, and quite g'labrous. Leaves
narrow-linear, mucronate-acute or obtuse, contracted into a short
petiole, under ^ in. h^ng-. Flowers very small, the perianth not | line
long-, very oblique, with 4 short thin lobes. Styles 2, shortly united at
the base. Fruiting perianth about | line long-, nearly g-lobular but

193 xcvi. CHEXOPODiACE^. [ThrclMdia.

very obrque at tlie top with an oljtiise liollow protiiberance on one side,
quite smootli even when dry and rather thick and hard. Seed g-lobular
at the base with a rostellum ascending- into the protuberance of the
perianth. Embryo annular at the base with an ascending radicle as in
T. diffusa. — Osteocarpum salsuginosum, F. Muell. 2nd Gen. Rep. 15,
and in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. ii. 77, also Pl. Vict. Lith. iii. t. 79, ac-
cording- to F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 12 (I have not seen the plate).
Victoria or N. S. Wales. Murray river, F. Mueller, Dallachy.

3. T. brevicuspis, F. Mucll. A small g-labrous undershrub with
slender ascending- branching- stems not above 6 in. in our specimens.
Leaves narrow-linear, semiterete, acute, under | in. long-. Perianth
very small and campanulate when in flower. Styles 2, connate to the
middle. Fruiting- perianth urceolate, about l^ lines long, hard when
dry, with 5 erect nearly equal dorsal spines shorter than the tube and
eonnected by a narrow horizontal ring", constricted under the spines,
the whole of the part below the constriction consisting- of a hollow
base, 10-ribbed outside, closed inside under the fruit, and again closed
inside over the fruit, the short membranous lobes erect within the
base of the spines. Fruit very flat within the base of the spines. Seed
horizontal, with an annuh^r embryo. — Anisacantha hrevicuspis, F. Muell.
Fragm. iv. 150; Kentropsis brevicuspis, F. Muell. 1. c.

Queensland. Armadilla, Barton; Cape River, Bowman.

Kotwithstanding the spines, this species appears to me to agree better with Threl-
Jceldia than with any other genns. The habit is that of T. diffusa or oi Anisacantha
echinopsila, difliering from the latter in the hollow base of the perianlh, in the erect
spines, aud in the very flat horizontal seed.

4. T. haloragoides, F. Mudl. Herh. Stems elong-ated, probably

firocumbent or asccnding-, much stouter than in the other species and at
east 1 to 2 ft. long, more or less scabrous as well as the foliag-e with
scattered as})orities, otherwise g-labrous. Leaves linear or linear-
lanceolate, contracted at the base, flat, rather thick, from about \ in.
to above | in. long-. Flowers axillary or somewhat lateral, only seen
wlien already somewhat advanced, narrow tubuhir and 2 hnes long".
Fruiting- perianth 3 to 4 lines long-, thick and very hard, coustricted
above a short depressed-globular broad hollow base, then cylindrical,
with the oriflce oblique and open bordered by the shrivelled lobes,
closed inside at the constriction below the fruit, and ag-ain over the
fruit below the top. Seed obhque or nearly vertical. Embr^-o folded
or almost horseshoe-shaped with the radicle descending-.
W. Australia, Drummond, n. 55 and bth coll. n. 438.

Notwitbstanding the reversed directioii of the embryo tbis species appears to me to
be much more closely related to Thrtlkeldia than to any other guuus.

12. ANISACANTHA, R. Br.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth urceolate or ovoid, hard when in
fruit, obliquely attached at the base, with 4 or 5 short membranous

Anisacantha.] xcvi. chenopodiace^. 199

lobes and 3 to 5 dorsal diverg-ent unequal spines, 1 usually much
smaller tlian the others or reduced to a tubercle. Stamens 5 or fewer.
Styles 2 or 3, connate at the base in a column usually persistent and
hardened. Fruit enclosed in the perianth, usually ovoid. Periearp
membranous. Seed vertical, somewhat compressed ; testa membranous ;
embryo annuLir or nearly so, surrounding- a mealy albumen, the radicle
erect. — Intricately branched shrubs or diifuse undershrubs, g-labrous or
very rarely villous, especially the young* shoots. Leaves linear, alter-
nate, sessile. Flowers solitary in the axils. Fruiting* perianths closely
sessile and often ahnost adnate at the base to the stem and to the sub-
tending leaf. Bracts none.

Tlie genus is limited to Australia.

Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, flat, contracted at the base.

Perianth-spines 5 or 4, one often very small 1. A. muricata.

Leaves small, linear, rather flat, with a broad persistent hardened

base. Perianth-spines 3 2. A. Drummondii.

Leaves linear-terete or semiterete

Perianth-spines 3 rarely4, one sometimes very small.
Shrubby. Perianth above 1 line long.

Smallest spine above 1 line long 3. ^-1. divaricata.

Smallest spine reduced to a tubercle or rarely nearly 1 line

long A. A. bicuspis.

Sraall difFuse undershrub. Perianth not exceeding 1 line,

the spines short and slender 5. A. glahra.

Perianth-spines 5, short. Small difi"use undershrub. Perianth

under 1 line long 6.-4. echinopsila.

1. A. muricata, 3foq. Chenop. Enum. 84, and in DC. Prod. xiii. ii.
122. A broad bushy or spreading- shrub of 2 or 3 ft., with numerous
intricate flexuose branches, the typical form quite g-labrous and some-
what g-laucous, or the young" shoots slightly villous. Leaves linear,
flat but rather thick, mucronate-acute, contracted at the base, from
scarcely above \ in. to nearly 1 in. long*. Fruiting- perianth adnate by
a broad obliquejjase, the hard tube rarely above 1 line long-, the mem-
branous lobes short, the dorsal spines 4 or 5, very unequal and spread-
ing', the long-est 3 to 6 lines long-, the smallest very short, and often the
2 smallest united at the base. — A. quinquecuspis, F. Muell. in Trans.
Vict. Inst. 1855, 134, and in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 204.

Queensland. Armadilla, Barton.

N. S. Wales. Lachlan river, Liverpool and MoIle's plaius, A. Cunningham;
Colroy Creek, Leichhardt ; Liverpool plains, C. Moore; Darling and Murray desert,
where the old plants detaehed by the vvinds and rolling over the desert plains have
received the name of " Roley-pofey," F. Mueller and others.

Var. villosa. The whole plant, at least in young specimens, softly villous. — A. graci-
licuspis, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 170. — Mackenzie Downs, F. Mueller.

2. A. Drummondii, Bcnth. A small much branched shrub, g-labrous
except a few long- spreading" hairs on the leaves. Leaves linear, flat
but thick, rarely almost terete, not 3 lines long- in the only specimen
seen, with a broad hard base which persists after the leaf has fallen.

200 XCVI. CHEXOPoniACE.^. [Auimranthu.

Fruitin^' perianth ^■labrous, about \ line long- with 3 slender spreading-
spines, of which 2 are from 2 to 3 lines long-, the third much smaller.

W. Australia, Drummond {fferb. F. Mueller).

A. cUrarirata, Moq. iii DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 122, described by Moquin from a specimen
of DrunimoMd'.s in De Candolle's lierbariuni received from Kew Gardens, but certainly
not Bro\vn's plant of tbat name, is most probably the above species. There is nowno
Anisacantha from Drumraond in the Kew herbarium, but several Chenopodiaceje which
had been lent from it to Dr. Bunge were unfortunately lost by a shipwreck in the
Baltic.

3. A. divaricata, R. J3>-. Prod. 410. A difFuse or divaricately
branched shrub, glabrous a::d somewhat g-laucous like A. muricata, but
usually more compact and more densely beset with the prickles of the
perianths. Leaves linear-terete, mucronate-acute, often above \ in.
long-. Fruiting- perianth closely sessile with a broad oblique base, 1 to
\\ lines long-, with 3 or 4 very unequal divaricate spines, rather finer
than 'va.A.muncata^i\\Q long-est often \ in.long-, but sometimes none above
\ in., the smallest only 1 to 2 lines, the fourth when present very
slender and small; lobes of the perianth usually erect connivent,
minutely ciliate. — A. erinacea, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 122 ; A. tricuspis,
F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 133, and in Hook. Kew Journ.
viii. 204.

Queensland. Suttor river, F. Mueller, Bowman ; Bokhara Creek, Leiclihardt ;
DarlinjT Downs, Lau.

N. S. M^ales. Lachlan river and Molle's plains, A. Cunningham.

Victoria. Murray river near the fJolgol, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Head of Spencer's Gulf, Ji. Brown ; Murray river near Morunda,
F. Mueller.

4. A. bicuspis, F. Mnell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 133, and in
Hooh. Kcw Journ. viii. 204. A rigid stout but compactly branched
shrub or undershrub, the specimens seen not above 6 in. hig-h and quite
e-labrous. Leaves linear, semiterete, acute, from \ in. to above | in.
long", Flowers closely sessile and semi-adnate as in the preceding'
species but longer. Fruiting' perianth 2 to 3 hnes long', the tube ovoid,
very hard, with 3 diverging- spines, of which 2 (either equal or unequal)
varying' from ;| to 1 in. long-, the third small, sometimes reduced to
a tubercle, sometimes 1 line long- ; perianth-lobes membranous, obtuse,
erect or inflexed. Styles 2, united to above the middle into a hard
column. Pericarp usually hardened. Seed obliquely erect with a
superior radicle.

5. Australia. Salt plains, Cudnaka, F. Mueller (with the perianth about 2 lines
long and the iongest spines not above i in ) ; between Stokes Eange and Cooper's
Creek, ^Vheeler (wiih tlie perianth fullv 3 lines long and the longest species | to 1 in.).
Botharesingle specimeus (in Herb. F". Mueller), and may prove to be varieties only of
A. divaricata.

6. A. glabra, F. MucU. Ilcrh. A small imdershrub, closely re-
sembhng .1. crhiunpsila, with the same foHag-e and intlorescence, but the
fruiting- perianth, ahhoug-h scarcely long-er, has a much broader, less
oblique base, somewhat compressed at the top, with 2 opposite diverg-in^

A/listWa/tthtl.] XCVI. CHENOPODIACE.^. -01

very unequal spines, li to 2 lines long-, and a tliird very small one, the
perianth thus approaching- in form that of Scle/-ola;/ia, hut the seed is
vertical or slig-htly ohlique as in A. echi/iopsila. — Ke/it/-opsis glabra, F.
MuelL Frag-m. i. 139.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river and Sturfs Creek, F. Mueller.

6. A. echinopsila, F. Mudl. F/-af]//i. vii. 14. A much-hranched
diffiise or prostrate undershruh, spreading* to ahove 1 ft. diameter, the
branches ascending- to near 6 in., or sometimes the whole plant not ex-
ceeding" 2 or 3 in., g-lahrous and somewhat glaucous, or very rarely the
young- shoots shghtly pubescent. Leaves narrow-linear, semiterete,
mucronate-acute or ohtuse, mostly about \ in., rarely J in. long-. Flowers
very small, closely sessile, with an obhque base. iStyles 2, united to
the middle into a column hardened at the base. Fruiting- perianth hard,
scarcely 1 Hne long-, the tube often produced below its insertion into a
small protuberance or short spur ; lobes 5, short, membranous, with 5
dorsal radiating unequal spines slig-htly connected in a ring* round the
summit of the tube, the long-est rarely above 1 line long". Seed vertical
or sliohtly ohlique, with a superior radicle. — Echimpsilo/i a/iisaca/ithoides,
F. MuelL in Trans. PhiL Inst. Vict. ii. 7Q.

Queensland. Desert of tlie Suttor, F. Mueller ; Crocodile Creek, Bowman ; Rock-
hampton, O^ Shanesy.

N. S. 'Wales. Darling desert, DaUachy ; Ballandool river, LocJcer.

Tribe 3. Salicornie^e. — Branches articulate, fleshy. Leaves none.
Flowers more or less immersed. Testa various. Embryo curved or
folded, with little or no albumen.

13. SALICORNIA, Linn.

(Halocnemiim, Bieb.; Arthrocnemum, 3foq.)

Flowers hermaplirodite or polygamous. Perianth thin and mem-
branous or at length thickened and fung-ous, with 2 to 5 teeth or lobes.
Stamens 1 or 2. Styles 2 (rarely 3) united in a column or cone at the
base. Fruit enclosed in the unchang-ed or slig-htly enhirg-ed perianth.
Seed ovoid or nearly globular, often compressed, oblique or verticaL
Testa crustaceous or thin. Embryo fohled or semicircular, eitlier without
albumen or with a small quantity, either hateral or within the curve of
the embryo. — Succulent herhs with a hard base or shrubs. Branches
articulate, leafless, each article usually concave at the upper end and often
dilated into a circular border or into 2 opposite protuberances or lobes
(rudiments of opposite leaves) and receiving- the next article in the
concavity, the articles becoming" at length united into a continuous
woody stem in the shrubby species ; the flowering- articles shorter, usually
more dilated, forming- more or less compact terminal spikes. Plowers
usually 3 together, rarely 5 or 7, on each side of each article and more
or less immersed in its base, without bracts or bracteoles.

The genus, which with Hooker and others I take in the Linnean sense, inchiding the

202 xcvi. CHENOPODIACE^. [Salicornia.

•whole tribe of Salicorniese as defined by Moquin in DC. Prod., has a wide range over the
seacoasts and saline marshes of most parts of the gh)be, more especially in the Old World.
Of the seven Ausfralian species, one extends to New Zeahvnd, another^ is possibly the
Bame as an Asiatic one, the reraaining five appear to be cndeniic. The species, how-
ever, reqiiire much further investigation from living phvnts before the value ot ihe dif-
ferences in the flowers, which are considerable, can be properly appreciated. A large
proportion of the dried specimens before me are not in a state to be satisfactorily
examined.

Sect. 1. Halocnemum. — PeriantJis not dilatcd at tketop, usually narrow. Spikes
usually short. Floicers iu threes, all or the central one hermaphrodde.
Spikes ovoid or shortly oblong, with few arlicleB, tbe margins forming
opposite thick trianguiar-conical lobes.

Stoutshrub. Spikes 5 to 6 lines thick \. S. rohnsta.

Intricately branched shrub. Spikes not 2 hnes thick 2. S. arbuscida.

Spikes oblong-cylindrical, the artides numerous, very short and

ciosely imbricate, the margins dilated into semicircular opposite

scarious scales B. S. cinerea.

Sect. 2 Arthrocnemum. — Perianths at length dUated into a flat transverse or
oblique top. Spikes cylindrical, often elongated.
Flowers in threes, all or the central one hermaplirodite.

Spikes continuous, the margins of the articies broad obtusc and

not prominent 4. «S. leioslachya.

Spikes interrupted by the very prominent 2-lobed margins of the

articies 5. >S^. hidens.

Plowers in threes, unisexual (dicecious V). Articles of the spikes with

prominent 2-lobed margins &. S. tenuis.

Flowers in fives or sevens, mostly hermaphrodite. Articles of the

spikes with shghtly prominent annular margins 7. S. australis.

Besides the above, I am unable to identify the Halocnemum australasicum, Moq.
Chenop. Enuni. 110, and in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 149, from King George's Sound, Herb.
Mus. Par., wliich I have not seen. It is certainly not S. indica, Br. It is describeJ
as having herbaceous ascending stenis, with the articles of the branches 2-lobed, those
of the spikes broad concave and very obtuse (as in S. leiostachya ?), but the spikes are
said to be very large, conico-cj'lindrical and 6 to 15 iines long, which does not agree
with any of our species. The perianth is described as that of tlie section Halocnemum.

Sect. 1. Halocnemum. — Perianths not dilated at the top, usually
hjahne and narrow. Spikes usually short.

1. S. robusta, F. Miwll. Fragm. vi. 251, and Pl. Vict. t. 83, ined.
(^F. Mveller). Shruhby and mueh stouter than the other species, the
articles |^ to | in. long-, with two opposite prominent ang-les ending* in
opposite thick triang-ular lohes or rudimentary leaves projectiug to
nearly 2 hnes. Spikes ovoid or nearly g-lobular, ^ in. diameter, with
very thick prominent points of the lloral scales or lobes of the floral
articles. Flowers in threes, partially immersed and shorter than
the subtending- scales. Perianths adnate to the article above them at
the base, with narrow hyaline lobes, the two lateral ])erianths 2-lobed en-
closing- each 1 stamen only, the central one (always .') 3-lobed, enclosing'
the pistil and 1 stamen. Seed nearly g-lobular ; embryo vertical, enclosing"
a mealy albumen, the radicle ascending- bej-ond the cotyledonar end. —
Arthrocnimum triundrnm, F. Muell. Frac-m. i. 130.

N. S. Wales. Salt desert near the junction of tlie Darllng and Murray, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Lake Victoria, Murray river, F. Mueller.

I have not yet received the plate above referred to.

Salicornia.] xcvi. cilENOPODlACEiE. 203

2. S. arbuscula, R. Br. Prod. 411. A busliy erect shrub, from under
6 in. to 2 or rarely 3 or 4 ft. hi<i-h, with numerous rather slender short
but intricate braiiches. Articles often \ in. long- in the principal
branches, 1 to 2 lines in the smaller ones, dihited at the top but without
prominent lobes. Spikes terminal, thick, ovoid or oblon"-, rarely above
\ in. long- but varying- much in diameter, consisting- of 2 to 6 articles
deeply excavated and cup-shaped at the top with more or less promi-
nent lobes or scales. Flowers in threes, all monandrous and hermaphro-
dite, at first shorter than the scale but at length somewhat exserted, all
cohering- with each other at the base and immersed in and adnate to
the article above them, with short free thin lobes, opening- in fruit so
that after llowering- each ovary appears to be in a separate excavation
of the rhachis, with a membranous fring-ed border. In fruit the lateral
ovaries are often abortive, and the central pericarp g-rows out into a
prominent beak (the thickened base of the styles), projecting- horizon-
tally considerably beyond the subtending- scale. — Hook. £ Fl. Tasm. i.
316; Arthrocnemum arhuscula, ^lo<:[. Chenop. Enum. 113, and in DC.
Prod. xiii. ii. 152 ; Arthroc/iemum halocnemoides, Nees in Pl. Preiss. i. G32 ;
Moq. in DC. l.c.

N. Australia ? N.W. coast, Bynoe in Jierb. IIooJc. (possibly some error).

Victoria. Seacoast near Melboiirne, Adamson ; Port Phillip and Point Lonsdale,
F. Mueller ; Wimmera, Dallachy ; Murray river, Herrgott ; N.W. part of tlie colony,
L. Morton.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, It. Brown ; salt marshes near Hobarton and Clarence
plaitis, /. D. HooTier.

W. Australia. Sand flats N. of Stirling rancce, F. Mueller ; Vasse river, Oldfield;
Swan river, Drummond, \st coll.; Sharks Bay, Milne (the two latter sets of specimens
very small in all their parts).

3. S. cinerea, F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 251. Apparently annual,
branching- at the base, with several sing-le or slig-htly branched ascend-
ing- stems of 6 to 8 in., the w^hole plant of an ashy g-rey colour when
dry. Articles of the branches \to \ in. long-, slig-htly dilated at the
top. Spikes terminal, oblong"-cylindrical, rounded at both ends, very
compact, \ to | in. long-, 2 to 2| lines diameter, the articles very nume-
rous, closely imbricate, tlie marg-ins dilated into opposite semicircular
scarious scales, without projecting- points but forming- projecting- acute
lines. Flowers in threes, all apparently hermaphrodite and monan-
drous. Perianths immersed in and adnate to the rhachis at the base,
thin and free at the top, very shortly toothed. Seed ovate, erect, but the
radicle not always superior. — Halocnemum cinereinn, F. Muell. Frag'm. i, 139.

N. Australia. Point Pearce and Sturfs Creek, F. MueUer.
Queenslaud. Cape York, 3I'Gillivray.

Sect. 2. Arthrocnemum. — Perianths at leng-th dilated into a flat
transverse or oblique top. Spikes cylindrical, often elongated, compact
or loose.

4. S. leiostachya, Bcnth. A spreading* much-branched shrub of 2
or 3 ft., the articles of the branches cylindrical, ^ to ^ in. long, slig-htly

^{)4: xcvi. cnENopoDiACE.T:. [Salicorniri.

tliickened but not lobed at tbe top. Spikes numerous, nearly sessile
and opposite at tbe nodes or terminal, cylindrical, compact, i to nearly
1 in. long- ; articles numerous, at first rather distinct witb tbeir obtuse
maro-ins sliylitly prominent, but at lengtb very closely packed into an
apparently coiitinuous spike of 2 lines diameter, witbout prominent
scales, tbe separation of tbe articles only marked by slip-btly depressed
transverse lines. Flowers in tbrees, wbolly immersed and closely
packed side by side (not in a triaug-le as in S. herhaccu), all hermapbro-
dite and monandrous, but often only tbe central one perfecting- its seed.
Perianths thickened upwards, witb a narrow triangular obliquely trun-
cate top. Seed apparently compressed and vertical but not seen very
perfect.

N. Australia. Sandflats about Providence Hill and between M'Adam Range and
Point Peavce, F. Mueller ; Kyejeron Creek, Central Australia, 3PDouall Stuarfs Ex-
pedition.

VT. Australia, Drummond, [Herh. F. Mueller.).

6. S. bidens, Benth. Stems procumbent, hard and apparently
woodv, with ascending- or erect branches, from under 6 in. to above

1 ft. iiig-h. Articles mostly under h in. long-, dibited at tbe top into

2 opposite lobes with prominent keels to a breadth of 2 lines or ratber
more ; in tbe older stems the articles are somewhat tbickened with the
lobes scarcely or not at all prominent. Spikes terminal, at length ex-
ceeding- 1 in., tbe articles at first but little more tban 1 line long-, but
growing- out to 1| lines when in fruit, the lobes or scales at tbeir ends
very prominent. Flowers in threes, at first ahnost in a line, more in
a triang-le when in fruit, all usually hermapbrodite and monaudrous,
Perianths partially immersed, at first sborter tban the subtending- scale,
wben in fruit longer, quite distinct and free from the rbacbis, thickened
upwards and obliquely truncate and fiat at tlie top. Seed vertical and
compressed. — Arthrociicmum bideiis, Nees in Pl. Preiss. i. 082 ; Moq. in
DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 151.

W. Australia. Salt lagoons N. of Stirling Range, F. Mueller j Swan rivcr, Pretss,
n. 1261 ; Murchison river, Oldfield ; Sbarks Bay, Milne.

Tliis species seenis to be closely allied to the E. Indian »S'. hracMata, Eoxb., and may
possibly prove not to be really distinct from it, but tlie precise structure of the flowers
and seeds requires further investigation in botii.

6. S. tenuis, Benth. A divaricately-branched or difi\ise shrub,
more slender than tlie other Australian species. Articles of the branches
\^o h in. long, the upper end dihited into a membranous sometimes
scarious margin. Flowers apparently ditf-cious, both sexes in tbrees.
Male spikes short, but only commencing- to fiower in tbe specimens
seen, probably at length elongated, the articles birg-er and broader than
in tbe females, with scarious margins. Periantbs all tbree distinct and
slender, witb 1 stamen in each, und no trace of pistil. Female spikes
slender, 1 to 2 in. long, tbe articles \ to above 1 Hne long. Perianths
free, at first ahnost in a Hne, at long-tb in a triang-le, chivate, turbinate,
when in fruit white, mucb dibated at tbe top which is obHquely truncate

Salicomia.] xcvi. chenopodiace.e. 205

and flat, each of tlie tliree containing- a perfect vertical seed, and I have
found no trace of any stamen, but the speciniens are all past Hower.

N. S. ^Vales. Darling desert, Victorian Erpedition {S), and prubably the sarao
re-iou. MitclitU (9).

S. Australia. In the interior, Howitt^s Expedition [i) and M'Douall StuarVs
Ejcpelition (?).

'1 he specimens are very few and I do not feel certain that the male and the fruiting
ones are correctly matched. They all differ from the other Australian species in their
slender articles with the more or less membranous margins to the upper end.

7. S. australis, Soland. in Forst. Prod. 88 (jiame onli/). Stems pro-
cumbent, liard, sometimes woody at the base, with ascending- or erect
branches rarely above 6 in. hig-h, the articles varying- from a little more
than l to above | in. higli, not much or not at all dihited at the end
and either quite terete or obscurely 2-lobed. Spikes cyhndrical, 1 to
2 in. long-, usually thicker than the stems, the articles about 1 line long",
dihated at the top into slig-htly prominent rings but not lobed. Flowers
5 or ? tog-ether side by side, all hermaphrodite or the ovaries of the
lateral ones abortive, mostly if not all diandrous. Perianths free and
distinct, shortly immersed at the base, the central ones rather long-er
than the lateral, but all shortly prominent beyond the subtending- ring",
chivate, obhquely truncate and fiat at the top and ahnost closed by the
minute connivent teeth. — S. indica, R. Br. Prod. 411 ; Hook. i". Fl.
Tasm. i. 81?, notofWilld.

Queensland? Fitzroy river, Thozet (not in flower).

N. S. V/ales ? Hastings river, Beckler ; Clarcnce river, Wilcox (not in flower).

Victoria. Conimon in wet niarshy places on the seashore, Portland, Rohertson ;
Port Phillip and Station Peak, F. Mueller ; salt marshes, Streatham, Lau.

Tasmania. Abundant in stony places near the sea and in all salt marshes, J. D.
Hooker.

S. Australia. Fowler's and Petrel Bays, B. Brown.

TV. Australia. King George's Sound, B. Brown.

The species is common in New Zealand, whence proceeded Forster's original speci-
men in Herb. Mus. Brit. The true S. indica is insufEciently described and pictured by
Willdenow (Neu. Schr. Gesellsch. Natur. Fr. Berlin, ii. (not v.) 111, t. 4); but it is
probably the same as a species not uncommon on the shores of India and S. Africa,
b(>tter figured by Wight, Ic. 737, and described by Moquin under the name of ^-Ir^/iroc-
nemum indicum, which has always the flowers in threes, whilst in S. australis, besides
other differences, they are always in fives or sevens. This species appears to have been
unknown to Moquin. His Halocneimun australasicum, to which he refers Brown's plant
(which he had not seen), must be a very different one. In his diagnosis he omits the
character of the 5 to 7 flowers expressly given by Brown.

The northern stations given above must remain doubtful until flowering specimens
shall have been observed.

Tribe 4. Salsole^. — Branches continuous (not articulate). Leaves
narrow, flat, or terete, entire. Testa of the seed various. Embryo
spirally coiled, without albumen.

14. SU^DA, Forsk.

(Chenopodina, Moq.)

Flowers mostly hermaphrodite. Perianth depressed-g-lobular, herba-
ceous or slightly fleshy, with 5 broad lobes connivent over the fruit,

OQQ XCVI. CHENOPODIACE^. [Su<pda.

without appendag-es or with a slight horizontal protuberance or thick
scale on tlie back at the base of each lobe. Stamens 5. Styles 2 or 3,
rarelv more ; free or shortlv united at the base. Fruit enclosed in the
perianth ; pericarp membranous, very thin but separable from the seed.
Seed flat, horizontal or vertical ; testa crustaceous with a tliin inner
membrane. Embryo flat, spirally twisted, without any or with scarcely
anv albumen. — Gh{brous herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, sessile,
linear, thick or terete. Flowers small, sessile, solitary or chistered in
the axils. Bracts and bracteoles very small and scarious.

The genus consisting of a small number of species, is vndely diflfused over the sea-
coasts and saline districts of both the New and the Old World, the only Australian
species being the most common one over nearly the whole area of the genus.

1. S. maritima, Dnmort. Fl. Belg. 22 {Moq^. A much-branched
herb, erect and attaining; 1 ft. or more, or low and spreading-, quite g-la-
brous, somewhat succulent, with a hard almost woody base, Init usually
annual or biennial. Leaves hnear-terete or semi-cylindrical, usually
acute, \ to above 1 in. long-. Flowers very small, chistered or rarely
soHtary in the axils, the fruiting- perianth usually about 1 line diameter,
with a very flat horizontal seed, but occasionally I have found one
perianth in the cluster narrower with a vertical seed. Under each
flower there are usually 1 bract and 2 bracteoles, all small transparent
scales, but sometimes one of the three is wanting-. Seed shining-. — Hook.
f. Fl. Tasm. i. 31G ; ClienopocUna mfirithm, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 161 ;
Chenopodmm austrule, R. Br. Prod. 40? ; Sua-da anstralis, Moq. in Ann.
Sc. Nat. ser. 1, xxiii. 318 ; Oiempodina amtralis, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii.
ii. 163.

Queensland. Cleveland Bay, Bowman; Fitzroy river, Thozet.

N. S. Wales. Hunter'8 river, Leichhardt ; Ash island, Woolls.

Victoria. Glenelg ri\er, Portland Bay, Bohertson

Tasmania. Abundant on mud and shingle beaches close to high-water mark, /. D.

ffooler.

\ir. Australia. Lucky Bay and Goose Island Bay, B. Broion; Cape Naturaliste,
Lay aiid Collie ; Murchison river, Oldfield.

The species is coramon on the seacoasts of most temperate and subtropical regions
both in the New and the Old VVorld. The Austrah'an plant is usually distinguished
from the common northem one by its suffrutescent habit, but it is doubtful whether its
duration exceeds the second year, which the European plant is said frequently to attain.
Tn both, the base of the stem becomes very hard and more or less woody. 1 can, no
more than J. D. Hooker, detect any other difference between the two.

15. SALSOLA, Linn.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth of 6 rarely 4 distinct seg-ments
when in fruit, bearing' each on their backs a horizontal wing- or protu-
berance, their points closed over the fruit. Stamens 5 or rarely fewer.
Styles 2, rarely 3, united at the base or above the middle. Fruit en-
closed in the perianth. Pericarp membranous. Seed depressed or
nearlv globular, testa membranous ; embryo coiled in a conical or doubly
convex spire, without albumen. — Herbs or undershrubs usually hard or

Salsola.] xcvi. chenopodiace^. 207

fleshy. Leaves narrow-linear or terete, entire. Flowers axillary, sessile,
solitary within each lloral leaf (or suhtending" hract), with 2 opposite
bracteoles.

The genus is widely spread over the temperate regions of the globe in more or less
saline situatioiis. The only Australian species is the most common one over nearly the
whole area of the genus.

1. S. Kali, Linn. ; Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 187. A hard procum-
hent or divaricately-hranched herh, g-lahrous or shghtly puhescent,
usually xinder 1 ft. but sometimes extending- to 2 ft. Leaves alternate
or rarely here and there opposite, sessile, hard and rig^id in the typical
form, the lower ones terete or dilated at the base, from J in. to above
2 in. long', the upper ones shorter, thicker, and often more flattened
above, hut sometimes all terete, the lower floral ones similar to the
stem-leaves, the upper ones gradually smaller and sometimes, espe-
cially on side branches, reduced to thick triang-ular or lanceolate
bracts not exceeding- the calyx, all as well as the bracteoles ending- in
rig-id pung'ent points. Flowers sessile and sohtary in the axil of each
bract, but often, owing* to the reduction of the flowering- hranch, clus-
tered in the axils of the primary floral leaves. Bracteoles similar to the
floral leaf or subtending- bract, but usually smaller. Segments of the
fruiting perianth forming- at the base a hard or thin campanulate or tur-
binate tube rarely much ahove 1 line long", surrounded at the top hy the
6 horizontal wing-s which are either all equal or 2 narrower than the
others, each one sometimes 2 lines long- and hroad, thin and scarious,
sometimes very small and thick or in some flowers scarcely perceptible,
the summit of each perianth-segment within the wing" acute scarious
and closing" over the fruit. Pericarp with the upper portion flat circum-
sciss and deciduous. Embryo spiral, the two cotyledons in separate
coils one over the other, with the radicle coiled horizontally round the
lowest coil or hetween the two. — S. australis, R. Br. Prod. 411 ; Moq. in
DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 188; S. macrophylla, R. Br. l.c. ; Moq. l.c. 187; Nees
in Pl. Preiss. i. 637.

Queensland. Bay of Inlets, Banks and Solander ; Maiia island, Dallachy ; ia

the interior, Mitchell ; Cape and Suttor rivers, Bowman; Armadilla, Barton ; Currie-
■willighie, Dalton.

N. S. 'Wales. Botany Bay, Banks and Solander ; Clay flats and saline placea
from the Murray and Darling to the Barrier Range, Victorian and other Expeditiona.

Victoria. Lake Hindmarsh, F. MueUer.

S. Australia. Petrel Bay, R. Brown ; St Vincenfs and Spencer's Gulfs, F.
Mueller; between Stokes Range and Cooper's Creek, Wheeler.

W. Australia. Drummond, n. 244, 245 ; Swan river, Preiss, n. 2396 ; Murchison
river, Oldfield.

The species is widely distributfd over the temperate regions of the New as well as
the Old World in more or less saline districts, extending not unfrequently to within the
tropics. I can discover nothing to separate the Australian specimens from the Europeaa
form even as a variety. Moquin cites both as growing together in Timor.

Var. hptophylla. Leaves slender, almost filiform, but pungent when full grown.
— Queensland and N. S. Wales.

Var. slrohilifera. Flowers densely clustered in globular heads with the points of the

OQ3 XCVI. CHENOPODIACE^. [Salsolu.

subtenJing bracts protruding like the scales of a pine-cone. — Darling desert and Mount
Murchison.

Var. hrachypteris. Winps or appendages of fhe perianth reduced to prominent
transverse ribs, in all or nearly all the flowers. — S. hrachypteris, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii.
ii. 189. — Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Curtis island, Thozet. The bize of the perianth-
wings is as variable in Europcan as in Australian specimens, and in some flowers of
most spccimens and in ncarly all of otlier specimens tliey remain, in both countries,
very snort or undeveloped as in aS". hrachypteris ; in this state ^S'. Kali can ahvays be
rtadily distinguished from S. Soda by the pungent leaves.

Order XCVII. AMARANTACEiE.

Periantli-segmeiits 5, free or shortly united at the base, rig-id and
scarious or coloured at least on the margin and tips, imbricate in the
bud. Stamens 5 or fewer, opposite the perianth-segments, free or
united at the base, with or without intervening scales or teeth (stami-
nodia of some authors) ; anthers 1- or 2-celled, the cells parallel. Ovary
1-celled, with 1 or several ovules attached to a filiform ftmicle erect
from the base of the cavity. Style simple and entire, with a capitate
stigma or more or less divided into 2 or 3 branches or separate styles,
stigmatic at the end or along the inner edge. Fruit a membranous in-
discent utricle or rarely a circumsciss capsule or a succulent berry, en-
closed in or resting on the persistent perianth. Seed usually vertical,
orbicular or ovate and compressed, testa crustaceous. Embryo horse-
shoe-shaped or annular, enclosing a mealy albumen. — Herbs or under-
shrubs rarely shrubs or woody climbers. Leaves alternate or opposite,
entire, without stipules. Flowers rarely solitary in the axils, more fre-
quently in axillary or terminal simple or paniculate spikes or rarely
cymes or chisters, each flower sessile or rarely pediceUate, within 2 sca-
rious bracteoles, and subtended by a scarious bract or rarely by a floral
leaf.

A considerable Order, spread over the temperate and warmer regions of both the New
and the Old World, disappearing in high latitudes and in alpine districts. Of the nine
Australian genera, three are widely dispersed over the warmer regions of the globe, each
inchiding two or three common tropical weeds, and one of them represented by several
species in more lemperate districts, a fourth extends over tiopical Asia and more
sparingly into Africa, another belongs to the tropical American Flora, the remaining
four are endemic.

Tribe 1. Celosiese. — Aiithers 2-celled. Ovary tvith several ovules. Leaves alter-
nate.

Woody climbers. Fruit succulent 1. Deeringia.

Tribe 2. Achyranthese. — Anthers 2-ceUed. Ovary with a single ovule.
Leavos alternate.

Stamens shortly nnited at the base. Flowers axiUary, solitary.

Maritime plants with linear succulent leaves 2. Hemichroa.

Stamens free. Fiowers in axillary or terminal and paniculate

cymes or chisters. Leaves flat 3. Amarantus.

Slamens shortly united at the base. Flowers in dense single
terminal spikcs, oftcn shortened into heads.
Perianth-segments with the himinre more or less plumose with
dorsal arliculate hairs, the tips alone glabrous ...... 4. Trichinium.

XCVII. AMAHANTACEiE. 209

Perianth-segments with the whole lamina scarious, coloured

and glabrous 5. Ptilotcs.

Leaves opposite. Stamens united in a cup at the baso, with
truncate teeth or lobes betwcen the filaments.
Flowers 5-merous, in terminal elongated spikes. Bracts aiid

perianth-segments acule 6. Achyranthes.

Flowers 4-merous, in axillary or terminal spikes shortened into

heads. Bracts and perianth-segments spinescent .... 7. Nyssanthes.

Tribe 3. Gomphrenese. — Anthers 1-celled. Ooartj with a single ovule. Leaves
opposite.

Stigma capitate. Spikes often shortened into heads, axillary (rarely

also terminal) 8. Alternanthera.

Stigma 2-lobed. Spikes often shortened into heads, terminal or

rarely axiliary 9. Gomphrena.

Besides the above, the following species described by F. Mueller cannot be referred
to its proper genus until it shall again have been observed. It is evidently not a Fsilo-
trichum from its inflorescence. The other species formerly referred by F. Jlueller to
Psilotrichtim is now correctly ph\ced in Trichinium, froni which the following plant
differs essentially in its fipposite leaves. The teeth of the staminal cup or tube in pairs
between each two fihiments miglit.witli the opposite leaves, refer it to Gomphrena, but
from its having been placed in Psilotrichum we are leJ to suppose that the anthers were
bilocuiar.

Psilotrichum capitatum, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 238. A glabrous erect or ascending
■undershrub of 1 ft. or less. Leaves opposite, ovate or ovate lanceolate, a( ute, contracted
into a petiole, rather thick, ^ to 1 in. iong. Flower-lieads (spikes ?) terminal, sessile,
nearly globnlar. Bracteoles finely pointed, somewhat shorter than tlie perianth, the
bract shghtly exceeding the bracteoles. Periantli-segments 3 to 4 lines long, glabrous,
the inner ones bearded inside at the base. Fiiaments capillary, scparated by small
divaiicate teeth in pairs. — Stirling's Creek, F. Mueller. — Described by F. Mueller from
notes taken at the time of gatliering it, the specimens having been lost in the passage
home.

Tribe 1. Celosie^. — Antliers 2-celled. Ovary with several ovules.
Leaves alternate.

1. DEERINGIA, R. Br.

Flowers hermaplirodite or dioecious. Perianth of 5 equal o-labrous
seg-ments spreading- under the fruit. Stamens 5, shortly united in a
ring- at the base, without intervening- staminodia. Anthers 2-celled.
Ovary with several ovules. Styles 3, rarely 4, few and stig-matic from
the base. Fruit enlarg-ed, succulent, indehiscent. Seeds several. — Tall
woody climbers, g-labrous or rusty-pubescent. Leaves alternate. Flowers
numerous, loosely spicate, the spikes in axillary or terminal panicles.
Bracts and bracteoles small, scarious or petal-like.

The genus is widely spread over trnpical Asia, more sparingly extending into Africa.
Of the two Australian species one is the same as the commonest Asiatic one, the other
is endemic.

Quite glabrous. Flowers hermaphrodite 1. Z>. celosioides.

Branclies and young leaves pubescent. Fiowers dicecious (the ovaries

of the males without o\Tiles) 2. D. altissima.

1. D. celosioides, i?. Br. Prod. 413. A woody g-labrous climber
scrambling" over bushes to the height of 10 or 12 ft. (according- to Aus-
VOL. V. ■ p

210 xcvii. AMARANTACEiE. [Deeringia.

tralian collectors). Leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, entire, niostly 2 to 3 in. long-. Flowers liermaplirodite, solitary
or somewhat clustered, in slender interriipted spikes varying- from 2
or 3 to 8 or 10 in. long-, either in the upper axils or in a loose terminal
panicle, each tiower nearly sessile in the axil of a small hnear-lanceolate
acute hract, sliorter than the perianth except sometimes in the lower
part of the spike, and acconipanied hy two smaller hracteoles. Perianth-
seg-ments ovate, scarcely 1 line long-, of a g-reenish white when fresh,
hhick with a whitish margin when dry. Stamens united at the hase in
a prominent ring- or very sliort cap. Berry red, nearly g-lohuh»r, 3-fur-
rowed, usuallv al)out 2 liucs diameter or rather hirg-er. — Bot. Mag-. t.
2717 ; Endl. Iconog-r. t. &2 ; Wig-ht Ic. Pl. t. 728 ; D. iaceuta, Moq.
in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 230.

Qneensland. Slioalw.iter and Kcppel Bays and Broad Sound, R. Broicn ; Endea-
vour rivcr, A. Cinaiixi/lKnn ; Barnard Islcs, M'Gillir-ray ; Port Denison, Fitzalan ;
Eockiiii;]iani Bay, Jjalliiclii/ ; Eocklianipton, iJallachy and otliers ; Darling Downs,
Lau ; Brisbane rivcr, Moreton Bay, F. MuelUr and otiiers.

N. S. 'Virales. Port Jackson, JR. Brown, Woolls ; nortiiward to Macleay, Hastings,
and Clareuce rivers, Bechler ; New England, C. Stuart; soutliwaid to Kiama, Harvey.

The species is common in E. India and tbo Archipelago, extending to New Caledonia.

2. D. altissima, F. MneU. Fragm. ii. 92, vi. 251. A woody chmher
resemhling' D. eclosioides hut larg-er, ascending- to the tops of the tallest
trees, the young- parts clothed with a soft rusty crisped pubescence which
disappears from the upper surface of the older leaves, persisting* under-
neath or at least leaving- some traces along- the midrih. Leaves ovate or
ohlong', rarely ovate-lanceolate, very shortly acuminate, thicker than
in D. eelosioidcs, and attaining- 3 to G in. Plowers dioecious, more nu-
merous than in D. cehmoidcs, in denser spikes and hirg-er panicles, the
males much whiter and more petaloid than in that species, the stamens
united in a scarcely prominent ring-, the ovary ovoid and conical exter-
nally perfect as well as the styles but without any ovules ; the female
llowers smaller, not so wliite, in more compact and less branched panicles,
the ovary more g-lobuhir with about 10 to 15 ovules, the stamens more
or less imperfect or altog-ether abortive. Berry g-lobular, red, scarcely
l^ lines diameter. — Lagrezia altissima, Mocj. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 253 ;
Lestibudesia arborescens, R. Br. Prod. 414 ; Cclosia arhorcsccns, Spreng*.
Syst. i. 815 ; Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 243.

Queensland. Endcavour rivor, Banls and Solander ; Port Denison, Fitzalan;
I\ockiii,<;ham and Edgecombe Bays, Dallachy ; Brisbane river, Moreton Baj', A. Cun-
?u'«j//('(/rt aiid otiicrs ; l'iirt Mackay, Nernst.

N. S. 'Wales. llastings river, Beckler ; Richmoud river, Uenderson ; Tweed and
Clarence rivcrs, C. Moore.

The male specimeus being the handsomest are the most frequcntly collected and the
only oncs seen by R. Brown and by Moquin. The ovary in tlicm is so large that it has
not tbe appearauce of bcing abortive, but I have opcned a Jarue nunibcr without ever
finding auy oviilcs. From its membranous appcarance Brown thonght the fruit might
be capsubir, and Moquin tiuit it miglit be mnnospcrmous, wbich accounts for their not
having associated the plant with JJeerinyia.

XCVII. AMARANTACE.E. 211

Tribe 2. AcHYRANTHEiE. — Antliers 2-celled. Ovary with a sing-le
ovule. Leaves alternate or opposite.

2. HEMICHEOA, R. Br.

Flowers liermaplirod.ite. Periantli-seg-ments 5, free, erect, glabrous,
rig-id, wliite at least inside. Stamens 5 or feAver, the filaments united
in a short cup at the base, without intervening* teetli or scales. Ovary
uniovulate. Style with 2 very short or rather long stigmatic branches.
Fruit an indehiscent utricle. Seed verticah — Maritime prostrate herbs
or low spreading- shrubs. Leaves alternate, linear, fleshy. Flowers ses-
sile and solitary in the axils, between 2 rigid scarious bracteoles.

The genus is limited to Australia, but is scarcely distinct from tlie European and
Asiatic genus Folycnemum, differing indeed only in the tbick succulent leaves and
longer style.

Prostrate herb. Stamens 5. Style bifid 1. H. pentandra.

Small divaricate sbrub. Stamens 2, unibiteral. Style with a very

short bifid stigma 2. jy. diandra.

1. H. pentandra, R. Br. Prod. 409. A glabrous perennial, with
prostrate stems and numerous shortly ascending* branches, forming
dense patches of ^ to 1 ft. diameter. Leaves sessile, linear, mucronate,
thick or semiterete and succulent, \ to f in. long-, the upper floral ones
somewhat dilated and concave at the base, but otherwise similar to the
others. Bracteoles ovate, acute, scarious with a prominent midrib, from
I to I the length of the perianth. Perianth about l^ lines long, the
seg-ments acute, more or less scarious and coloured (wliite ?) inside, the
outer ones almost ovate and 3-nerved, the inner ones narrower, more
lanceolate, 1- or 2-nerved. Stamens 6, much shorter than the perianth,
united at the base in a short annular cup. Style in the flowers examined
divided to the middle or lower down, but described by others as very
shortly lobed. Fruit ovoid, shorter than the perianth, not oblique ;
pericarp rather thickly membranous. Seed w^th a crustaceous shining"
testa. Embryo semiannuhir according- to Moquin, forming- almost a
complete ring- in the seeds examined. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 334 \
Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 311.

Victoria. In rather muddy places on the seashore from Gipps Land to the westem
frontier, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. On the shore, Port Dalrymple, B. Brown ; Great Swan Port, Bach-
house ; George Town, Gnnn.

S. Australia. Port Adelaide, F. Mueller.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown.

2. H. diandra, H. Br. Prod. 409. A small g-labrous much-branched
spreading plant, evidently shrubby and apparently less prostrate than
H. pcntundra. Leaves linear and succulent as in that species but not so
thick and the floral ones more dilated at the base. Flowers rather Larger
and more scarious. Perianth about 2 lines long, and the bracteoles not
much shorter, segments rather obtuse, 1-nerved, the inner ones not

p2

o]o xcvii. AMARANTACEJE. [Hcmichroa.

much narrower than the outer. Stamens 2, not much shorter than the
perianth, the lihiments much dilated below the middle, and united at the
base on the «■ibbous side of the ovary, the stamiual cup interrupted on
the other side, without any rudimentary stamens. Ovary very oibbous on
the side next the stamens.' Style undivided, Avith a small 2-lobed stig-ma.
Fruit not seen ripe. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 334:.

N. Australia? A frMgment from Nicliol Bay, N.W coiist, in herb. F. MuelL, ap-
pears to beloiig rather to this species than to H. pentandra, but i.s insufficient for de-
termination. .

S. Australia. Fowler's Bay, R. Brown ; hills near Lake Hamilton, yvmelim ;
head of Spencers Guif, F. MveUer, Warhurton.

W. Australia. Salt marshes, Sharks Bay, Milne.

3. AMARANTUS, Linn.
(Sarratia, Moq.; Amblogyne and Euxolus, Bajin.)

Flowers usually monoecious. Perianth-seg-ments 3 to 5, erect with
scarious marg-ins or (especially when in fruit) more or less dilated at the
end into spreading- scarious laminae. Stamens 3 to 5, free, without in-
tervening- staminodia. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary uniovulate. Styles 2
or 3, free and stig-matic from the base. Fruit a membranous utricle,
either circumsciss when ripe or indehiscent with the pericarp loose or
adnate to the seed. Seed solitary. — Herbs mostly annual, gdabrous or
nearly so, g-reen or red. Leaves alternate. Flowers small, in dense
cymes or clusters, the clusters all axillary or collected in terminal
spikes Avhich are either simple or branching- into dense panicles. Bracts
and bracteoles small, g-reen or scarious. The female flowers are usually
much more numerous than the males, which are in the same clusters,
chietly in the upper parts of the inliorescence, with the same number or
Avith iewer perianth-seg"ments than the females.

The genus has a very extensive range over the New and the Old World, some of the
larger species much cultivated for the seed and severai others very comnion weeds of
cultivation. Of the ten species liere enumerated one is evidently an escape from culti-
vation, tvvo others are common weeds of ciiltivation, one cliiefly in tlie Old World, the
other in the warmer regions of both tlie New and the Old World. The remainiiig seven
are endemic, but two of thcm bear a remarkable resemblance to the West Indian and
Central American groiip of Amhlogyne.

The characters derived irom the dehiscent or indehiscent pericarp or from the more or
less spreading laminae of the fruiting perianth, are so iittle in accord with habit or with
any other character, that I have thought it better to retain the collective genus as a
natural and very fairly defined one, than to adopt the purely artificial disseverances pro-
posed by Moquin and others.

Sect. 1. Euamarantus. — Pericarp circumsciss.

Periar,th-segments mostly 5, erect. Tall erect plant with an

ample punicle, the points of the bracts very proiiiinent ... 1. A. paniculatus.

Perianth-scgments mostly 3, erect or slightly dilated at the end.
Clusters all axillary or the upper oues in a short dense terminal
spike 2. A. Blitum.

Perjanth-scgments mostly 4 or 5, erect or sh'ghtly dilated at the
end. Cluslers axillary and in a long loose terminal shortly-
branched spike 3. ^. leptostachyus.

Perianth-segments mostly 5, with diiated scarious spreading

laminje (when in fruit). Terminal spikes usually paniculate . 4. A. paUidiflorvs.

Amarantus.] xcvii. amarantace^. 213

Sect. 2. Euxolus. — Pericarp niembranous, indehiscent or hursting irregularhj.

Pericatp poparate froni the seed, shorter than or not nmch longer
tnan tlie perianth.
Segiuents of the fruiting perianth 5, with dilatcd and scarious

laniinse. Cyines axillary. Pericarp longitudinally ribbed . 5. A. Mitchellii.
Segnients of the fruiting perianth erect or slightly dilated and
spreading Clusters axiUary and in a terminal spike.

Fruiting perianths niostly 5-nierous 6. ^. interruptus.

Fruiting perianths mostly 3merous 7.-4. viridis.

Pericarp separate from the seed, oblong, at least twice as long as

the perianth. Clusters all axillary %. A. macrocarpus.

Pericarp small, globular, very thin and not readily separable from
the seed. Leaves narrow. Clusters all axillary. Perianth-
segments mostly 4.

Perianth-segments twice as long as the fruit 9. A. tenuis.

Perianth-segments about as long as the fruit 10. .4. enervis.

Sect. 1. EuAMARANTUS. — Pericarp circumsciss wlien ripe, the lower
half with the perianth usually (but not always) remaining- attached after
the seed has fallen. Male perianths usually of as many seg-ments as the
females.

1. A. paniculatus, Linn. ; Moq. inDC. Prod. xiii. ii. 257. Anerect
stout annual sometimes attaining- 5 or 6 ft., the foliag-eand inflorescence
often assuming- a reddish hue and sometimes the panicle a rich crimson.
Leaves on long- petioles, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 4 in. long-. Flowers
in dense cylindrical spikes, the lower ones axillary, the upper ones
forming- a dense terminal panicle, 6 in. to 1 ft. long-, the central spike
thicker and long-er than the lateral ones, all appearing- more or less
echinate by the line points of the bracts and bracteoles which usually
exceed the perianth. Perianth-seg-ments mostly 5, erect, tapering* into
a fine point, 1 to 1| line long-. Pericarp membranous, rug-ose, circum-
sciss. Stvles 2 or 8. — A.frumentaceus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 699 ; Wig'ht,
Ic. t. 720.

N. S. TVales. Port Jackson, R. Broivn; Clarence river, Beclcler.

Evidently an escape from cultivation as suggested by R. Brown, and therefore
omitted from his Prodromus. Exteusively cultivated in India, and probably a native
of Asia.

There is also a single specimen from Darling Downs, Lau, in Herb. F. Miieller, of
what appears to be A. caudatus, Linn., another cuUivated species, nearly allied to the
last, but usually with a longer and narrower panicle, and the very short points of the
bracts not exceeding the perianth, whence the aspect of the plant is very difierent.

2. A. Blituin, Lifin. ; Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 2G3. An erect or
procvimbent branching' annual, attaining' from 1 to 2 ft. Leaves on
long- petioles, ovate or rhomboidal, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, mostly
1 to 2 in. long- in g-ood soils, under 1 in. in drier places. Flowers chiefly
in dense sessile axillary chisters, but also forming' sometimes a short
dense terminal spike. Bracts and bracteoles not exceeding- the perianth.
Perianth-segments almost always 3, mucronate-acute, lanceolate, scarious
with a green midrib, about | hne long', erect or when in fruit slightly

214 xcvii. AMARANTACE^. [AmaranUts.

dilat^d and spreading- at the end. Pericarp membranous, sli^htly rug-ose,
about as lony as the perianth, circumsciss. Styles 2 or 3.
N. S. Wales, Leichhardt. Perliaps introduceil.

3. A. leptostachyus, Benth. An erect annual, from under 1 ft. to
about Ih tt. hiuli. Loaves on rather long- petioles, ovate, obtuse, under
1 in. loug-, with the primary veins otten renu\rkabh' prominent. Chisters
of flowers rather loose, very numerous, the lower ones axillary, the upper
ones forming- a long- terminal interrupted spike leafy at the base only
like that of .1. intcrruptus. Perianth-seg-ments erect or scarcely spread-
ing- and persistent with the lower portion of the circumsciss pericarp as
in A. Blitum, but usually 4 or 5 instead of 3 only.

N. Australia. Port Darwin, Schultz-.
Queensland. Islands off Cape Flattery, M'Gillioray.

4. A. pallidiflorus, F. Muell. Fragm. i, 140. An erect or decum-
bent annual of 1 to 1? ft. Leaves on long- petioles, ovate, obtuse, 1 to 3 in.
long, rather thin and of a pale g-reen. Lower c^Tnes or clusters of
flowers axillary, the upper ones in dense spikes forming- a terminal
panicle of ^ ft. or more, the central spike very long-, the lateral ones
short. Bracts and bracteoles scarious, lanceolate or ovate-lauceolate,
very acute, about as long- as the claws of the perianth-segments or rarely
as long* as the whole perianth. Perianth-segments 5, lanceolate at the
time of flowering-, those of the females, when in fruit Avith broad erect
claws of about | line and expanded into broadly ovate mucronate-acute
spreading" and scarious himin;e, rather long-er than the chiws. Pericarp
very rugose, membranous, circumsciss, with a thick apex and 3 fine styles.

N. Australia. Nichol Bay, Walcott; Victoria river, F. Mueller.

■W. Australia. Port Walcott, Harper.

Tliis species bas precisely tlie aspect of and is closely allied to A. scariosus, Benth.,
from Centi-al America, aud with that species would be referred to Sarratia as defined
by Moquin, or to Amhlognne as defined by A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sc. v. 168. The
American plant is indrcd only to be distingnished from the Australian by the longer
poiuts to thc bracts and by the reluse or euiarginate laminse of the fruiting perianth.

Sect 2. EuxoLus. — Pericarp membranous, indehiscent or bursting'
irregularly, loose and separate from or close and adhering- to the seed.
Male flowers usually but not always trimerous or tetramerous. Fruiting"
perianth of 3, 4 or 6 segments usually falHng- oft' with the fruit.

5. A. Mitchellii, Benth. Apparently erect, rather stout and rigid,
brancliiug- l)ut not titlL Leaves on long- petioles, ovate-hinceolate or
oblong-, obtuse, narrowed at the base, 1 to 2 in. long-. Flowers all axil-
lary and numerous, in sessile or shortly peduncuhite cymes often | in.
broad, rareh' reduced to close clusters. Bracts scarious, nearly as long'
as the jierianth, with a prominent midrib ending- in a sliarp point, the
bracteoles simihir but rather smaller. Seg-ments of the li-uiting- perianth
5, wath a rigid erect stipes of about i hne, and a broad scarious spread-
ing- lamina at least as long-, the midrib produced into a rigid point.
Perianth globuhar, membranous, with 12 to 15 prominent undulate

Ainarantus.\ xcvii. amarantace^. 215

long-itudinal ribs, indehiscent or burstino; irreo-ularh% witli a thick
summit projecting- beyond the periantli, and 8 short subulate stigmatic
styles. — A. nndulatus, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 102, not of R. Br.

pueensland. Narran river, Mitchell; Flinders river, Sutherland; Charlesville,
Gilcs ; Annaililla, Barton. Used as a vegetabie, ^Sw^/ierZrtJifZ, Gilfs.
_ N. S. TVales. Between tlie Darling and Cooper's Creek, Neilson ; Ballandool
river, Locher.

Witli tlie radiating fruiting perianth of A. palUdiflorus, tliis has the habit of ^.
Blituni or ahnost of A. crassipes {Scleropus, Schrad.), with the pericarp indehiscent as
in JSuxolus, but differing in its prominent ribs from all Amaranti iinown to me.

6. A. interruptus, B. Br. Prod. 414. Erect or decumbent, from G
in. to nearly 2 ft. high. Leaves petiolate, ovate or ahnost rhomboidal,
obtuse, ^ in. to near 2 in. long*. Cymes or clusters dense or at length
rather loose, the lower ones axillary, the upper ones forming* a long'
loose spike leafy at the base, either simple or rarely with a few short
branches. Bracts and bracteoles shorter than the perianth or about as
long*, scarcely pointed. Seg-ments of the fruiting- perianth 5, narrow,
erect, sHg-htly spathuhite, shortly but finely pointed, about f Hne long-,
white and scarious on the marg-ins, dark in the centre, those of the male
flowers usually 3 only and not dihited upwards. Pericarp membranous,
rug"ose, not ribbed, indehiscent or bursting* irregTilarly, loose over the
seed with a short thick summit about as long- as the perianth. Styles 2
or rarely 3. — A. tindulatus, A. rhomhcus, and A. lineatus, R. Br. l.c. ;
Euxolus undulatus, E. rhondmis and E. interruptus, Moq. in DC. Prod.
xiii. ii. 272 and 275 ; E. Hneatus, Moq. l.c. 276 as to the Australian, but
not the Sandwich Ishmd phmt.

N. Australia. Arnhem N Bay and neighbouring parts of the N. coast, B. Brown ;
Sandy islands, Yictoria river, F. Mueller ; N. coast, Landsborour/h.

Queensland. llockhampton, 0'Shanesy; Brisbane river, Leichhardt ; Port
Mackay, Nerust.

This species lias the aspect nearly of ^l. Blitum, with tlie friiit of ^4. viridis, and is
readily distinguished from both by the segments of tlie fruiting periantli almost con-
stantly 5, not 3 ; tliey fall off with the fruit as in most species of the section Euxolus.
Brown's four species appear to me to be scarcely even varieties of a single one. The
specimens of ^-1. undulatus are young, with small broad leaves on long petioles
slightly crisped on the margin, the terminal spike still dense and commencing flowering.
Those of A. interruptus are oider, the spike long and Inose, and most of the fruits
already fallen otf ; the leaves are narrower than in A. imdulatus. A. rhomheus is, as it
were, intermediate between the two. Tlre specimens of A. lineatus appear to me to be
old ones of A. interruptus which bave been eaten down, or bave otherwise lost the
upper part of their main stem, which has shot up branches giving it a diflerent
aspect. All are from the same iocalities, probably sandy or arid. Nernst's specimens
from Port Mackay are very luxuriant, with broad leaves twice the size of those of most
others, but not otherwise different.

7. A. viridis, Linn. An erect or decumbent annual of 1 to 2 ft.
Leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate-hinceohite, obtuse, rather thin but the
pinnate veins usually prominent underneath, 1 to 2 in. long\ Flowers
small, green with an obtuse appearance, the lower ones in small axillary
sessile cymes or close clusters, the upper ones in rather loose or inter-
rupted spikes, forming a short terminal panicle, the central spike 1 to

210 xcvil. AMARANTACE^. [Ainaruutus.

3 in. long-, tlie lateral ones few and sliort. Bracts and bracteoles nar-
row, not exceeding- tlie periiintli. Periantli-seg-nients 3, narrow, erect,
scarcely f Hne long-, falling- oif witli tlie fruit. Pericarp rug-ose, inde-
hiscent, free from tlie seed, about as long- as the porianth. Styles
usuallv 3. — Euxolus virklis, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 273.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller ; Rockhampton, Dallachy
and otliers : Nerkool Creek, Bowman.

N. S. TVales. Glendon, Cassilis, Leichhardt.

IV. Australia, Drummond, n. 105.

Conimon in wastc and cultivatcd places in the warraer regions of Europe, Asia, and
Africa, and now l're(|uent in several parts of America. Possibiy introduced only into
Australia.

8. A. macrocarpus, Bcnth. A small diffuse or decumbent plant,
none of our specimens above 6 in. and some, althoug-h the whole plant,
much smaller. Leaves on long- petioles, obovate or oblong-, very ob-
tuse or emarg-inate, about h in. long- or ratlier more. Flowers in dense
axillary sessile nearly g'IobuIar clusters, chielly females in our speci-
mens, the males not seen perfect. Bracts and bracteoles shorter than
the perianth. Fruiting- perianth of 3 rarely 6 narrow-Iinear erect very
pointed seg-ments sometimes slightly dilated below the point. Fruit
oblong- or almost bottle-shaped, 1\ to 1| lines long-, much exceeding* the
perianth, the pericarp inflated, membranous and reticulate-rug-ose, dry-
ing- black in the common form. Seed erect, obovoid, mucli smaller than
the cavity of the fruit.

Queensland. Armadilia, Barton; Dawson river, Leichhardt.
W. S. TVales. Junction of the Murray and Darling, F. Mueller ; Darling river,
WooUs.

Var. pallida. Fruit of a pale green when dry. Perianth smaller and often reduced
to 1 or 2 segments. — Curriwillighie, Dalton.

9. A. tenuis, Benth. Stems in our specimens sing-le, erect, slender,
6 to SJ in. high. Leaves narrow-lanceolate, acute, the radical ones con-
tracted into a long- petiole, the lamina usually 1 to 1| in. long-, the
upper ones more sessile. Flowers small, indense axdlary clusters,
mostly females in our specimens, the males not seen perfect. Bracts
and bracteoles very small or quite obsolete. Fruiting- perianth of 4,
rarely 3 or 5, oblong' or obIong'-IanceoIate seg-ments about 1 line long-.
Fruit scarcely half so long-, slightly tubercular, rug-ose, indehiscent, and
the very thin pericarp scarcely separable from the seed. Styles 2 or 3.

N, S. Wales. Lower Darling river, Herh. F. Mueller.

10. A. enervis, F. Mwll. A small annual, branching- at the base,
with d('( unilKiit or erect stems not exceeding- 0 in. Leaves linear-
lanceohite, oljtuse or acute, contracted at the base but scarcely petiolate,
rather thick, nerveless or the midril) scarcely prominent, ^ to" i in. long-.
Flowers .-^nudl, all in axillary clusters, but crowded in the upper part of
the stem with small flural leaves fijrming- a terminal leafy spike, chiefly
iemales. Bracts and bracteoles rather smaller than the perianth. Male
flowers few, with 8 or 4 perianth-segments and stamens. Fruiting-

Amarantus.] xcvii. amarantace^. 217

perianth about | line long-, tlie seg-ments usually 4, rather broad but
unequal, erect, acute. Fruit about as long- as the perianth, tubercular-
rug-ose, the pericarp very thin and scarcely separable from the seed.
Styles 2 (or 3 ?). — Euxolus oiervis, F. Muell. Frag-m. i. 140.
Iff. S. ^Vales. Murray and Darling rivers, Dallachy.

4. TRICHINIUM, R. Br.

(Goniotriche, Turcz. ; Hemisteirus and Arthrotriclnim, F. Muell)

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth witli a short turbinate hard tube,
reduced sometimes to a slig-ht expansion of the peduncle ; segments 5,
all ecpial or the three inner ones rather smaller, Hnear, rigid, usually 3-
ribbed at the base, scarious at the tips or also along* the niargins of the
upper portion, covered outside eitlier entirely or rarely along- the
centre only with straig-ht more or less distinctly articuhTte (several-
celled) hairs giving* them a phimose appearance, the short tips alone
g-labrous. Stamens normally o, but usually 1, 2, or 3 of them small
and without anthers, or entirely abortive, and all tlie fihiments unecjual,
or more rarely all equal and antheriferous, united at the base in a mem-
branous cup adnate to tlie perianth-tube or shortly free from it, without
or rarely with intervening- scale-like teeth or lobes, which, when present,
are very thin and transparent; anthers ^-celled. Ovary uniovulate.
Style simple, rigid, with a small capitate stig-rna. Fruit an indehiscent
utricle, usually obovoid or contracted into a stipes at the base and
obhciue at the top, with the persistent style more or less excentrical.
Seed vertical. — Herbs undershrubs or rarely shrubs, glabrous or hairy
with crisped articulate woolly or stellate liairs. Leaves alternate,
narrow or rarely obovate. Flowers in dense g-lobular ovoid or cyhndri-
cal spikes, very rarely elong-ated aud interrupted. Bracts and bracteoles
scarious and shining", nerveless or with a more or less prominent mid-
rib produced into a fine or short point. Perianths usually pink or
straw-colour. Stamens and ovary often enveloped in dense wool or
long- hairs proceeding* either from the lower part or chiws of tlie inner
perianth-seg-ments or from the outside of the staminal cups.

The genus is limited to Australia, for the opposite-leaved T. Zeyheri from S. Africa,
admitted hy Moquin, must be referred to Sericocoma, the presence or absence of scales
between the stamens being by no means of absohite generic importance.

This and the following genus have been united by Poiret and F. Mueller under the
name of Ptilotus, by Sprengel under that of Tricldnium, and they might perhaps be
really better considered as sections of one genus than as two distinct ones, were it not
for the useless confusion which would result in the noraenclature of species. At
any rate, if the union be adopted it wonld be better to follow Sprengel in pre!erring the
name of Tricldinum for the united genus, as being that wliich lelongs to four-fitths of
the species, and entaiis therefore the least change, hesides that it is the most faniiliar
of the two from the number of species that have been cultivated or figured. Neitiier
name has the right of priority, both being of the same date, and both are equally
apposite for tlie groups they designate, and equally inappropriate for the combined
species, for Trichinium means "a clothing of hairs," Ftihtus "having featherless
wings.''

In the subdivision of the genus I have been unable to establish any natural well-

218 xcvii. amauantacEjE. [Trichinhnn.

characterized sections. Even tlie presence of the teeth or lobes of the staniinal cup,
Lonsiilered by Woqnin as at least a g^tneric if iiot a tribual character, separates species
wliicii in other respects are aliuost identical. The groups here adoptcd as the best
wliich have hitlierto been suggested are fnunded chiefly upon tiie nature and position
of the diflerent kinds of hairs. With tiie exception of tlie short steliate toineiitum of
tlie foiiage in the first series, the hairs are all so-called articulate, tliat is, coiisisting of
several celis, sometiines very conspicuously so, v^itii more or iess piominent denticula-
tions at tiie joints or alinost plumose, sometiines very fine with tlie articulations visible
only uiider a very liigh power. Tliese iiairs are sometimes (always so on the baclcs of
the laininfe of tlie periaiith) straiglit, at first appressed alterwards spreading, sometimes,
on the baclvs of tlie lower part of tlie periantli-segraents or inside the inner ones, long
and intricate forming masses of white wool, sometimes, especially on the branches,
short and crispeil.

Series 1. Astrotricha. — J^oliar/e lioary or v:Mte udth a stellate tomentum {glabrous
or icith crispcd or icoolly or sillcy liairs in all tlie other series).
Spilces dense, globular ovoid or shortly cylindrical, not exceeding
1 in.
Spilces ^ to 1 in. diameter. Laminaj of periantli-segments
linear.
Leaves mostly broad, rather thick and densely tonientose.
Spikes globular or at length ovoid. Bracts glabrous or

nearly so \. T.ohovatum.

Leaves mostly narrow, thick and densely tomentose. Spikes

ovoid, at length cylindrical. Bracts woolly 2. T. incamtm.

Leaves mostly narrow, rather thin, less densely tomentose.
Spikes ovoid, at length cylindrical. Bracts glabrous or

slightly woolly 3. T. parviflorum.

Spikes not above ^ in. diameter. Laminse of perianth-seg-

ments almost ovate 4. T. astrolasium.

Spikes cylindrical, above 2 in. long aud l^ in. diameter. Leaves

orbicular, very densely woolly 5. T. rotundifolium.

Spikes elongated with distant flowers. Leaves oblong or lanceo-

liite, the steilate hairs short and scattered Q. T. dissitiflorum.

(Tlie foliage is also very densely silky-woolly in 46, T. helichrysoides, but the hairs
not stellate.)

Series 2. Straminea. — Sjjihes cylindrical or elongated or rarely glohidar, 1 to 2
in. diameter. Floicers more or less yelloio or greenish, not red. Inner segments icith-
out internal dense tcool, but the stamens usually surrounded by afeic long hairs.
Spikes elongated witli distant flowers. Leaves filiform . . . 7. T. diatans.
Spikes dense, at length long and cyiindricnl.
Leaves linear. Bracts wholly trans[)areiit. Bracteoles broad

without prominent midribs. Perianth under | in. . . . 8. T.ahpecuroideum.
Leaves obovate or obiong. Bracts opaque in the centre.
Biacteoles oblong or lanceolate witli prominent keels.

Perianth above f in. long 9. T.nobile.

Perianth not exceediiig 4 in 10. T. polystachyum.

Spikes ovoid or shortly cylindrical, 2 in. diaraeter. Bracts

tiansparent. Leaves liiiear 11. T.macrocephalum.

Spikef globular or rarely ovoid. Perianth-segmcnts rather broad,

the dorsal hairs very short 12. T". corymbosum.

Sehies 3. Rhodostachya. — Spil;es globuJar ovoid or rarely cylindrical, 1 to 2 in.
diameter, terminating siinple or rarely branched stems. Terianth slraight,pink or red
[white in T. e.squamatum), tlie inner segments woolly inside towards the base.
Spikes 14 to 2 in. diameter.

Perianth-segments very rigid with short narrow tips. Stems
erect. Spikes about I4 in. diameter.
Spikes at leiigth eloiigated and cyliudiical 13. T. exaltatum.

Trichininm.] xcvil. amarantaceje. ~19

Spikes globular or shorter than broad \\. T. semilanatum.

Periaiith-segments with conspicunus coloured obtuse glabrous
tips. Spikes about 2 in. dianieter.
Stems short, decumbent. Radical leaves spathuhxte, the

others linear 15. T. Maiiglesii.

Stcms short erect. Leaves spathulate, ail crowdcd at the

base of tlie stem 16. T. Beclierianum.

Spikes about 1 in. diameter. Stems erect, simple, with small
narrow leaves.
Kadical leaves oblong-spathulate. Bracts ovate-lanceohite,

brown. Perianth pale pink 17. T. gomphrenoides.

Leaves all sniall. Bracts broad, transparent, pale-coloured.

(Perianth white ?) 18. T. esquamatum.

Series 4. Incurva. — Spikes globular, f to I4 in. diameter, terminating simple
stems. Perianths ciirved upwards {straight or curved dowmcards in all other series),
the inner segments woollg inside at the base. Lcaves linear.

Spikes sesfiile within the last leaves 19. T. declinatum.

Upper leaves distant, usuallj reduced to scarious scales . . . 20. T. eruhescens.

Series 5. Polycephala. — Stems mostJy hranched or rarely some of them long de-
cumbent and simple, glahrous or icith crisped woolly hairs. Spikes mostly glohular,
I to 1 in. diameter.

Inner perianth-segments very woolly inside towards the base
(less so in T. helipteroides). Bracts rather loose.
Shrubby with divaricate branches. Leaves linear, rigid.

Spikes about 1 in. diameter 21. T. divaricatum.

Herbaceous with decumbent, ascending or erect stems.
Spikes about | in. diameter.
Leaves narrow. Stems more or less silky or woolly.

Bracts and bracteoles very thin, nearly as long as the

perianth 22. T. helipteroides.

Bracts and bracteoles rather rigid, not half as long as the

pcrianth 23. T. Stirlingii.

Leaves broad. Stems glabrous or nearly so except the
young shoots.
Stamens 2, long, dilated and connate at the base on one

side of the ovary 24. T. laxum.

Stamens 3 or 4 perfect, the filaments all dilated at the

base forming a complete ring or cup 25. T. axillare.

Inner perianth-seguients nearly glabrous inside, the wool pro-
ceeding chieily from the staminal cup. Bracteoles closely
embracing the perianth.
Undershrub with divaricate branches. Leaves few, narrow

and small. Panicle divaricate 26. T striatum.

Herb with large obovate or oblong leaves chiedy radical.

Stem simple at the base with a compact panicle . . . . 21 . T. auriculifolium.
Inner perianth-segments nearly glabrous iuside. Staminal cup
surrounded by long straight hairs.
Leaves obovate oblong or lanceolate, usually glabrous. Pe-
rianth straight. Stamens 3 or 4 pertect, connate at the

base, in a complete cup or ring 28. T.sericostachyum.

Leaves oblong or lanceolate, loosely villous underneath. Pe-
rianth recurved. Stamens 2, the filaments dilated and

connate on one side of the ovary 29. T roseum.

Leaves liiiear-filifbrm. Perianth straight. Stamens 3 or 4
perfect, the filaments forming at the base a complete
cup or ring.
Perennial with a thick rootstock. Spikes about 1 in. dia-

meter 30. T.fusiforme.

Annual, Spikes about ^ in. diameter 31. T. gracile.

220 xcvil. AMARANTACEiE. [Trlchudum.

Sekies G. Squamigera. — Sjnkes globular or cylindrical, \ to l in. diameter. Sta-
minal cup with tran.fpareiit scalelike teeth orlobes between the JUaments {wanting in all
the other series). Leaves aarrow.

Perenniiil witli simple stems of 1 ft. or morc. Spikes globnlar,

about I fo 1 in. diameter 32. T. Drummondii.

Annual with slender brancliing stems of 1 ft. or more. Spikes

cyiindrical, about 4 in. diameter 33. T. calosfachyum.

Perennial with a branching stock and slender stems of about 6

in. Spikes globular, under 4 in. diameter 34. T. Fraseri.

Series 7. Spathulata. — Ferennials ivith short dccumhent stems leafy to the spike.
Spikes sessile. witliin the last leaves, globular ovoid or cylindrical, % in. diameter or
more. Leaves mostly sjxitlitdate.

Spikes ovoid, at length cylindrical, the hairs round the base of
the perianth shorter than the segments.
Bracteoles acute, half concealed bj the very plumose perianths.

Perianth-tube 4 to | line long 35. T. spathulatum,

Bracieoles broad, obtuse, conspicuous. Perianth-segments free

to the base 36. T. piyramidatum.

Spikes globular, at length ovoid, the bracteoles and the hairs

surrounding the perianths nearly as long as the segments . . 37. T. holosericeum.

Sekies 8. Parviflora. — Spikes globular, ovoid or cylindrical, 5 to 4 iu. diameter.

Stems erect, branching, glabrous or slightly hairy. Annual.
Leaves linear. Spikes conical or cylindiicai, 2 or 3 to-

gether, sessile on a terniinal pechincle 38. T. Cunninghamii.

Leaves linear. Spikes globular or ovoid, solitary on a ter-

minal peduncle. Perianth hairs short 39. T. leucocoma.

Prostrate woolly-hairy annual. Leaves lanceolate. Spikes

solitary, ovate-conicah Perianth very wooily 40. T. villosum.

Perennials. Branches wooUy or villous, at least when young.
Spikes numerous, sessile or shortly pedunculate.
Perianth surrounded by long wool concealing the bracts and

segments. Spikes cylindrical 41. 71 brachyanthum .

Bracts and bracteoles nearly as long as the perianth and very
conspiciious.
Branches and foliage villous. Spikes narrow-cylindrlcal .42. T. arthrolasium.
Young shodts w^oolly. Leaves glabrous, broad. Spikes

ovoid. Perianth-segments glabrous inside 43. T. cervoides.

Branches closely woolly. Leaves liroad, obtuse. Spikes

ovoid. Inner perianth-segmeiits •woolly inside . . . . 44. J". Roei.
Glabrous undershrub, with a densely tiifted leaf-stock. Leaves

small, nearly terete. Spike very short. Bracts conspicuous 45. T. ca;spitulosum.

Serie.s 9. Helichrysoidea. — LjOw densely tufted thick perennial, closehj covered
tvith thick silky-woolly leaves. Spikes nearly glohular, sessile, | in. diameter.

Single species 46. T. helichrysoides.

Species insufficiently known.
Stem slender, branching. T>eaves ovate, about 1 line long.

(Spikesglobular?) 47. T. parvifolium.

Series. 1 AsTROTRicHA. — Foliag-e hoary or wliite witli a stellate
tomentum, sometimes dense soft and wooll}-, sometimes sliort and scat-
tered. Ereet brancliiny perennials underslirnbs or shrubs.

1. T. obovatum, Gandich. in Freyc. Yoy. Bot. 445, t. 49. An erect
undershrub, from under 1 ft. to 3 or even 4 ft. high, paniculately

Trichinium.] XCVII. AMARANTACEiE, 221

branclied sometimes from tlie base sometimes at the top only, clotlied
with a soft dense stellate tomentum, intermixed occasionally with long-er
denticuhite hairs but with fewer of the hatter than in T. incunum. Leaves
obovate or oblono-, very obtuse or rarely mucronate-acute, contracted
into a petiole rather long* in the lower leaves, short in the upper ones,
the hirg-er ones attaining- 2 in. but mostly under 1 in. long-. Spikes
nearly g-Iobular or scarcely ovoid, | to | in. diameter, sessile or shortly
pedunculate, in terminal corymbose panicles, which are sometimes com-
pact and leailess, sometimes more spreading- and leafy at the base.
Bracts and bracteoles usually rather brown, obtuse or shortly miicro-
nate-acute, g-hibrous or nearly so, under 2 lines long-. Perianth 3 to
4 lines long- in the typical form, the tube about \ line, seg'ments rig-id,
phimose with long- white hairs, the g-hibrous tips short obtuse and den-
ticulate in the outer seg-ments, the inner ones shorter and more acute,
glabrous inside. Stamens unequal, 3 or 4 perfect, filaments dilated
downwards, scarcely united above the perianth-tube, surrounded by a
ring" of long- articulate hairs. Ovary usually hairy on the top. Style
excentricah — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 286; Ptilotns obovatus,F.
MuelL Frag-m. vi. 228 ; T. incamim, Moq. Lc. 285 not of R. Br. ; T.
sessilijolium, LindL in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 13 ; Moq. Lc. 284 ; T.
lanatum, LindL in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 123 ; Moq. Lc. 285 ; Ptilotus
Lindleyi, F. MiielL Frag'm. vi. 233 (from the synonym) ; T. atriplicifolium,
A. Cunn. in Moq. Lc. 286, F. MuelL PL Vict. t. 78 (the plate not yet
received) ; T. variahile, F. MuelL in Liuntea xxv. 436 ; Gomotriche
tomentosa, Turcz. in BulL Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosq. 1849, 3? (corrected to
Goniotriche, Lc. 1852, ii. 181).

N. Australia. N. W. coast, Bynoe ; in the interior, 3PDouaU StuarVs Expeditioiu

Queensland. Narran river, Mitchell.

VI. S. 'Wales. Bogan and Miirray rivers, Mitchell ; Mount Caley, Mount Flinders
&c., A. Cunningham ; Murray and Darling rivers to the Barrier Range, Victorian and
olher Expeditions.

Victoria. Murray river, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Flimlers' Range, F. AfueUer, HowltVs E.rpedition ; Spencer's
Gulf and Mount Searle, Warburton ; Lake Gillie.s, Burkitt.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 74, 23:'i ; throngliout (he interior, Harper ; Mur-
chison river, Oldfield ; Sharks Bay, A. Cunningham, M. Brown.

Var. grandiflorum . Perianth ^ in. long, the hairs surrounding the stamens more
wooUy and more attached to the inner perianth-segraents. — Harrington plains, Fraser,
A. Cunningham ; Muriay Desert, F. Mueller, Victorian Expedition, &c. ; Cudnaka,
F. Mueller ; Gawler Ranges, Sullivan. Both varieties included by Moquin under
T. atriplicifolium.

2. T. incanum, R. Br. Prod. 415, not of 3foq. Stems erector ascend-
ing-, divaricately branched, hard and almost woody at the base, 6 in. to
above 1 ft. high, the whole plant densely and softly tomentose or woolly
with stellate and plumose hairs. Leaves from broadly elliptical to nar-
row oblong', obtuse or mucronate, contracted into a short petiole, thick
and soft, the larg-er ones on the main stem sometimes above 2 in., those
of the side branches under 1 in. long-. Spikes ovoid or at length cyhn-
drical, J to 1 in. long- and scarcely h in. diameter, sessile or nearlv so,
forming" an irregidar leafv panicle, with some lateral spikes much lower

222 xcvii. AMARANTACE^. [Trichinium.

down. Bracts and bracteoles very thin and transparent, 1 to l^ lines
lon"-, tlie bracts very woolly outside. Perianth scarcely above 8 lines
lonfi-, tlie tube about \ line long-, hirsute with short hairs, the seg-ments
ri<>-itl, phunose with long- white dorsal hairs, the g-labrous tips obtuse
and sUg-htly denticuUite in the outer ones, sliorter and acute in the inner
ones, all g-labrous inside except that the long- hairs which, as in T. obo-
vatum, surround the stamens are rather more on the base of the inner
seg"ments than in that species. Stamens 3 or 4 perfect, fih^ments
unequal, dilated at the base but scarcely united above the perianth-tube.
Ovary g'hdjrous ; style excentricaL — Ftilotus i/icanus, Poir. Dict. Suppl.
iv. 620 ; F. MuelL Frag-m. vi. 228 ; T. gnaphalodes, A. Cunn. ; Moq. in
DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 285.

N. Australia. N. W. coast? Baudins Expedition ; Dampier's Archipelago, .4.
Cunniiiffham ; Nichol Bay, i^. Gregorif s Expedition ; Sturt's Creek, /^. 3/«eZZer.

It is cvidont from Moqiun'8 character as well as from Cunningham'8 specimens
named hy him, that his T. incanum is a form or state of T. ohovatum. It is true
that by a note of exclamation he indicates having seen an authentic specimen of
Brown's, but tliat must be a mistake ; Brown never gathered either species himself, but
described T. incanvm from speciniens of Baudin's, corresponding with those descrihed
by Moquin under the name of T. gnaplialodes.

3. T. parviflonun, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 13. A perennial
or undershrub with a thick woody stock and erect branching- stems,
hoary as well as the fohag-e with a stellate tomentum, closely alhed to
T. dbovatum and T. incanum. Low^er leaves sometimes obovate, but mostly
lanceolate or almost linear, obtuse, thinner than in those two species,
the stellate tomentum disappearing- with ag'e on the upper surface, and
not very dense on the lower. Spikes at iirst short, but leng-thening- out
to about 1 in., and about J in. diameter, sessile or shortly pedunculate
in a loose divaricate panicle. Bracts and llowers of T. incaninn, but
much less woolly. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 284 ; T. virgatum, A.
Cunn. ; Moq. Lc. 286.

Queensland. Flinders' river, Bowman ; Curriwiilighie, Dalton ; Armadilla,
Barton.

N. S. TVales. Inundatcd plains, Lachlan river, Mitchell, A Cunningham.

4. T. astrolasium, F. Muell. A perennial or undershrub with a
thick rhizome and several erect stems of 1 ft. or more, paniculately
branched in the upper part and steHately tomentose as well as the foliag"e.
Leaves obovate or oblong-, smaller than in T. obovatum. Spikes sessile
or very shortly pedunculate, g-lobuhir or at leng-th ovoid, 3 to 4 lines
diameter, forming- a terminal corymbose lealv' panicle. Bracts and
bracteoles ovate, acute, scarious, about 1 line long-, the bracts loosely
tomentose outside. Periantli about 1-| lines long-, the seg"men.ts free
from the base, the lower portion rigid with the dorsal hairs very dense
white and strait^ht, the scarious himina broad, ahnost ovate, more spar-
inf^ly hairy on the back. Staminal cup truncate, surrounded by long-
intricate woolly hairs ; filaments scarcely dilated at the base. — Ftilotus
astrolusius, F. MuelL Fragm. vi. 233.

N. Australia. Sturfs Creek, F. MueUer ; N. W. coast, Huglian.

Trichinium.] xcvii. AMARANTACEiE. 223

5. T. rotundifolium, F. Mucll. Fragm,. iii. 122. An erect shrub of
2 or 3 ft., tlie branclies and foliag-e covered with a steKate tomentum
very soft and denso, ahnost woollv. Leaves on short petioles, nearly
orbicular, very obtuse, soft and thick, aboutl to 1| in. diameter. Spikes
at iirst conical, becoming- cylindrical, 2 or 3 in. long-, and at least \\ in.
diameter. Bracts broad, acute and mucronate, scarious with dark tips,
woolly outside, shorter than the bracteoles. Bracteoles at least 4 lines
lon^, very broad and tlun, shortly mucronate, g-labrous or with very
few woolly hairs at the base. Perianth nearly f in. long', the dorsal
hairs long' fine and almost silky, the tube about | line long", the seg*-
ments narrow, scarious, obtuse, the tips not at all or very shortly g-la-
brous outside ; the three inner ones rather shorter and very densely
woolly inside near the base. Stamens all antlieriferous and equal or
nearly so. — Ptilotus rotundijhlius, F. Muell. Frag-m. vi. 230.

N. Australia. Near Hammersley range, N. W. coast, F. Grefjorys Expeditlon.

6. T. dissitiflorum, F. Mudl. Fra/jm. iv. 89. Erect and branching-,
hard and ahnost woody at the base, the branches and foHag-e more or
less hoary with a minute stellate tomentum, the older foliag'e bhick
when dry. Leaves oval oblong* or shortly hinceolate, obtuse or acute,
rather thick, | to f in. long- or the upper ones smaller, contracted into
a short petiole. Sjiikes interrupted, close above the last leaves, 1 to 3
in. long-, the ilowers more or less distant. Bracts ovate or lanceolate,
acute, about 2 lines long-, the upper ones brown and scarioiis, the lower
ones thicker and tomentose; bracteoles rather broader and more scarious.
Perianth 6 to 7 lines long-, the tube nearly 1 line long- and hirsute with
short white hairs, the seg'ments narrow, rig-id, plumose outside, the
g-labrous tips not 1 line long-, the three inner ones rather smaller and
woolly inside towards the base. Staminal cup very woolly-hairy out-
side, with a few hairs also on the filaments. Ovary g-la"brous ; stvle
excentrical.

N. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria, F, Blueller.

Series 2. Straminea. — Spikes cylindrical elong-ated or rarely
g-lobular, 1 to 2 in. diameter. Plowers more or less 3'ellow (usually a
pale g-reenish yellow or straw colour), not red. Inner seg-ments without
the dense internal wool of the Rhodostuchija, but the stamens usually
surrounded by a few long hairs.

7. T. distans, JR. Br, Prod. 415. A perennial with a hard stock at
leng-th woody, and erect virg-ate slender simple or branched stems of
1 to 2 ft., g'labrousas well as thefolia^e. Leaves narrow-linear, almost
filiform, the lower ones sometimes 2 in. long-, the others much smaller
and distant. Spikes terminal, slender and interrupted, 3 or 4 in. long-,
the flowers all distant, or iu luxuriant specimens twice as long- with the
upper flowers more crowded. Bracts and bracteoles narrow-ovate or
oblong', scarious and shining-, 2 to 3 lines long-, all similar or the brac-
teoles smaller narrower and more acute. Perianth about ^ in. long-, the

224 xcvii. AMARANTACEiE. [Trichiiiium.

tube about | line, the seg-ments narrow, rig-id, plumose on the back
Avith sniall narrow glabrous tips, all g-labrous inside. Staminal cup
shortlv free, with copious articuhite hairs outside more or less continued
on tlie fihiments. Ovary hirsute on the to}). — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii.
ii. 297; Ftilotus dintans,' Poir. Dict. Suppl. iv. 620 ; F. Muell. Frag-m.
vi. 228.

N. Australia. Arnhem S. Bay, Ji. Brown; Victoria river, Macadam and Sea
Eancres, F. Mudler ; S. Goulburn Island, A. Cunningham

Queensland, A. Cunningliam ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Cape river, Bowman.

8. T. alopecuroideum, Lindl. in Mitch. Thrce Expcd. ii. 13, hut not
of Bot. Bcf/. — A perennial with ascending' or erect slightly-branched
stems of 1 to 3 ft., the young* shoots and foliage often sprinkled with
short crisped hairs, becoming- at length g-labrous. Leaves linear or
hxnceolate, acute, the lower ones often several in. long- and contracted
into a long" petiole, the upper ones few small and more sessile. Spikes on
long" terminal peduncles, becoming* very soon cylindrical, attaining- some-
times 6 in. or more and from a little more than 1 in. to above 1| in.
diameter. Bracts and bracteoles broadly ovate or orbicular, obtuse or
with a small point, whoUy scarious and shining-, with the central nerve
scarcely conspicuous, IJ to 3 lines long-. Perianth pale yellow or straw
colour, the tube exceeding-ly short, the seg-ments ^ ^o | in. long;, nar-
row, obtuse, but appearing" acute from the involution of the margins at
the tip, the dorsal hairs not so copious as in some species and all gla-
brous inside. Staminal cup shortly prominent, surrounded by long'
straig-ht hairs sometimes very few sometimes copious ; stamens very
unequal, one or two of the filaments usually short and without anthers.
Ovary giabrous. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 290 ; Ptilotus alopccuroideus,
F. MueU. Frag-m. vi. 22? ; T. fjiganteum, A. Cunn. ; Moq. l.c. 296 ; T.
pallidum, Moq. l.c. 295 (very tall and stout specimens) ; T. Prcis.m,
Nees in Pl. Preiss. i. 629 ; ^loq. Lc. 295 ; T. candicans, Nees in Pl.
Preiss. i. 629 ; Moq. l.c. 296 (with rather broader leaves and the stems
somewhat procumbent at the base).

N. Australia. Water island, Montague Sound, JL. Cunningham; Usborne's Har-
bour, Beagle Voyage ; Glenelg district, Martin (with a very kmg drawn out spike).

Queensland. Arma,^\\\\a., Barton ; Curriwillighie, Dalton.

N. S. 'NVales. Lachlan ywct, Mitchll ; Lowcr Darling river, Mrs. Ford ; be-
tween tlie Darling and the Barrier Kange, Victorian Expedition ; New England,
C. Stitart.

Victoria. Murray river, E. Mueller, Dallachy.

S. Australia. Murray river to St. Vincenfs Gulf, F. Mueller and others ; Lake
Gairdncr, Bahhage ; Cooper's Creek, HowitVs E.rpedition, Neilson.

"W. Australia. Swan river, Fraser, Drummond, n. 434, Preiss, n. 1370, 1371 ;
Murchison river, Oldfield, Drummond, 6th coll n. 221.

T. conicum, Lindi. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 363 ; Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 462, not
of Spreng. is the T. alopecuroideum in a young slate just coniing into flower.

9. T. nobile, Lindl. in Mitch. Thrce Expcd. ii. 22. A stout erect,
g-labrous j^erennial, the stems simple or sliglitly-branched upwards, 1 to
3ft. hig-h. Leaves from broadly obovate to oblong, rarely hmceolate, the
lower ones chiefly radical on long- petioles, obtuse or ^mucronate, the

Trichinium.] xcvii. amarantace^. 225

upper ones narrower and more sessile. Spikes terminal, oblong', attaining'
3 to 6 in. in leng-tli and nearly 2 in. diameter, the rhachis very densely
hairy. Bracts J3 to 5 lines long-, ovate or oblong-, the midrib prominent
and projecting- into a point, scarious but with a dark centre especially
towards the tip ; bracteoles simihir but rather smaller and often with a
few dorsal hairs. Perianth usually about 1 in. long-, of a greenish
yellow, the tube 1 to 1-| lines long- and densely hirsute with short hairs,
the seg-ments narrow, copiously plumose with dorsal hairs, the g-labrous
tips short, obtuse in the outer seg-ments more acute in the inner, all
without any wool inside but a few long* straight hairs round the base
of the stamens, which are not uuited above the perianth-tube, the fila-
ments verv unequal, and 1 or 2 without anthers. Ovary glabrous. —
Moq. in I)C. Prod. xiii. ii. 286 ; T. de/isum, A. Cunn. ; Moq. l.c. 289.

N. S. Wales. LachlAn nver, Mitchell; Sirangtord Flams, A. Cunniiigham ; from
the Lachlan, Murray, and Darling rivers to the Barrier Rauge, Victorian and other
E.cjnditions.

Victoria. Murray river, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Murrav desert, St. Vinceut's Gulf, Flinders' Eange, Cudnaka, JF.
Muelltr ; near Adelaide, Whittaker.

F. Miieller inchides also under Ftilotus nobilis (Fragm. vi. 227) the T. exaltatum and
T. semilanatum, wliich have siiuilar bracts but usually smalier flowers, red not yellow,
and with copious wool inside the lower part of the inner segments.

10 ? T. polystachyiun, Gaudich. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 445. Stem
herbaceous, erect, paniculately branched. Leaves lanceolate, obtuse or
shortly mucronate, contracted at the base, green and pubescent, 1| to 2
in. long-. Spikes several, distant, ovate-oblong* and | to 1 in. long
(Moqnin), cylindrical {Gaudichaud), about | in. diameter. Bracts ^ the
leng-th of the perianth, ovate-hinceohite, acuminate ; bracteoles rather
long-er, elliptical, obtuse, all 1-nerved, glabrous, pale brown. Perianth
5 hnes long-, yellowish (Moquin), the seg'ments linear-spathulate with
g-labrous tips and short rigid white dorsal hairs, the outer ones 2-toothed
at the end, the inner ones somewhat acute. Filaments filiform. — Moq.
in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 283.

^V. Australia. Shaiks Bay, Gaudichaud.

1 have no specimens answering to the above character. Ptilotus polystachi/us, F.
Muell. Fragm. vi 230, to which he refers Gaudichaud's plant, includes T. /Stirlingii,
T. roseum, and T. la.xum, all of which have plobular spil^es and piiik flowers. Gaudi-
chaud's character coraes nearest to that of T. noblle, but wiih niuch smaller flowers.
Neither he nor Moquin describe the wool or hairs, if any, surrounding the stamens.

11. T. macrocephalum, F. Br. Prod. 415, not of others. Stems
from a hard perennial base erect or ascending-, simple, stout and rigid,
1 to 2 ft. high, usually glabrous as w^ell as the foliag'e. Leaves few at
the base of the stem, linear or narrow-lanceolate, acute or rarely obtuse,
contracted into a long* petiole, 2 to 4 in, long, the upper ones smaller
few and distant. Spikes sohtary, at first ovoid, at leng-th cylindrical,
attaining- 4 or 5 in. in length and at least 2 in. diameter. Bracts
scarious and very shining-, obtuse or mucronate, without prominent
midribs or dark colour, about ^ in. long and the bracteoles nearly as

VOL. V. Q

226 xcvii. AMARANTACE^. [Trichinium

larg-e. Pcriantli yellow, f to above 1 in. long, the tube very short, the
se"TOents nairow, rigid, densely plumose outside, with short g'hi]n-ous
tips, all nearly equal without any internal wool, althoug-h a few of the
margiual hairs at the base of the"^inner ones may be turned inside round
tlie staraens. Filaments very unequal, fihform, scarcely dilated at the
base, very shortly united aboVe the perianth-tube, and surrounded by a
few long-^^hairs, the shorter filaments usually without any anthers. Ovary
glabrous, but a few hairs often on the style. — Ptilotns mucrocephulns, Poir.
Dict. Suppl. iv. 620 ; T. angnstifolium, and T. jMchoccphuhivi, Moq. in
DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 293, 294; Ptilotus pachocephalus, F. Muell. Fragm.
vi. 228; T.Jusiforme, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 383, aud A. Cunn.
Herb., not of K. Br.

Queenslaud. In the interior, Milchell; Newcastle Eange, "nurnetl and Dawson
rivers, F. JSiudler; Bowen river, Bowman ; Kcnnedy district, Daintree.

N. S. Wales. Liveipool Plains, A. Cunningham, Leichhardt (with rather smaller
flowers) ; New England, C. Stuart ; Darling river, Keilson.

Victoria. "Keceived bv Sir J. Banks, probably from Port Phillip," B. Brown ;
Port Phillip, Gunn ; Glenelg nver, Rohertson, Allitt ; Bacchus Marsh, Wimmera,
Station peak, F. Muelkr ; Suipton, Wliaa.

12. T. corymbosum, Gaudich. in Frcyc. Voy. Bot. 444, not of Spreng.
A glabrous perenuial (or sometimes annual ?) with rigid ascending- or
erect simple or branched stems of 1 to 2 or even 3 ft. Leaves linoar or
linear-lanceohite, mucronate-acute, sessile or contracted into a petiole,
the larg-er ones 1 to 2 in. long, but mostly small and distant. Spikes
globular or ovoid or rarely at leng-th cylindrical, about 1 in. diameter,
on rather long- poduncles, forming- a loose irreguhir panicle. Bracts and
bracteoles l)road, obtuse, thinly scarious, rather brown but without pro-
minent midribs, not half as long- as the perianth. Perianth about h in.
long, the segments free almost from the base, all nearly equal, and giabrous
inside, with broad scarious white margins, the g-reen centre alone hir-
sute outside with articulate hairs much shorter than in any allied species.
Stamens very unequal, the -fih^ments shortly dilated at the base and
very shortly united, 1 or 2 of the shorter ones without anthers, sur-
rounded by a few woolly hairs proceeding chielly from their base. Ovary
glabrous. Style excentrical.^ — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 291 ; T. Guncli-
chaudii, Steud. Nora. Bot. ed. 2; Hcmisteirus psilotrichoides, F. Muell. in
Linniea, xxv. 435; Ptilotushemisteirus, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 90, vi, 231.

N. Australia. Hammersley range, Nichol Bay, N.AV. coast, F. Gregorvfs

Expcdiliun.

S. Australia, Lake Gillies, Burlcitt.

W. Australia. Sharks Bay, M. Broicn ; Murchison river, Oldfitld ; Swan river,
Frastr, JJrummond, n. 432 ; Gordon and LLackwood rivers, Oldficld.

\nr. parvlfiora. Peiiantli scarcely above 4 lines loiig — Cuiinaka, F. Mueller.

\\ lien the spike elongates, the species bears much rcst mblance to T. alopecuroideum,
but ihe leaves are miich narrower, and the sliortness of the perianth-hairs gives the
spike an ahnost glabrous aspect.

Series 3. Rhodostachya. — Spikes giobular ovoid or rarely cylin-
drical, 1 to 2 in. diameter, terminating- simple or rarely branched stems.

Trichinium.] xcvii. amarantace^. 22?

Perianth piak or red (white in T. esqunmatum ?), the inner seg"ments
woolly inside towards the base or below the middle.

13. T. exaltatum, Benth. A stout perennial, with a tliick stock
and ereet stoms, attaining- 2 or 3 ft., usually branching- in the upper
portion, g-hibrous or hirsute with spreading- htiirs. Radical and lower
leaves oblong-hinceohite, attaining- 3 to 5 in., rather thick, contracted
into a long- petiole, the upper ones small, sessile, broad or narrow, often
unduhite or with crisped marg-ins. Spikes erect, on long pecluncles, at
first ovoid-conical, at length oblong-cylinch-ical, about 2^ in. diameter.
Bracts and bracteoles rarely half as long- as tlie perianth, ovate-lanceo-
hite, mucronate, scarious with a brown midrib and sometimes broadly
brown towards the end, the bracteoles usually rather shorter than the
bracts. Perianth rarely above f in. hjng-and sometimes rather shorter,
the tube above 1 Hne long, the segments narrow, rigid and ahnost acute,
phimose outside with long- articuhite hairs, the short g-hibrous tips of a
dull red colour, the inner ones with dense wool inside below the middle.
Stamens unequal, the iihiments dihited but scarcely united at the base,
or 2 of the shorter ones without anthers. Ovary usually but not con-
stantly giabrous in the Western specimens, hairy in the Eastern ones,
contracted into a rather long- stipes. — Ptilotus exaltatus, Nees in Ph
Preiss. i. 630 (from the character given) ; Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii.
281 ; T. macroeeplialum, Moq. hc. 290, not of R. Br. ; T. alapecuroidenm,
Lindh Bot. Reg-. 1839, t. 28, but not the plant originally described in
Mitch. Three Exped. ; Ptilotus noUlis, F. Muelh Frag-m. vi. 227, partly.

N. Australia. Careenino: Bay, N.W. coast, A. Cunnivgliam ; Pepuecli islaud,
Bynoe ; Victori:i river, F. 3Iueller ; Nichol Bay, F. Gregori/^s E.rpedition.

Queensland. Suttor river, Sutherland ; Ca^e river, Boifman ; Armadilla, Barton ;
Curriwillighie, Dalton.

N. S. '^Vales. Bengalla, Leichliardt ; between Darling river and Cooper's Creek,
Neilson.

Victoria. Avoca and Murray rivers, F. 3Iiieller ; Wimmera, Dallachy (all witli
very hirsute branches).

S, Australia. Lake Gairdner, Bahhage ; Gawler Ranges, Sullivan.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 44, 437 ; Murchisou river, Oldjield; Salt river and
Cape Knob, Ma.viveJl.

The western specimeiis are mostly tall, stout, and glabrous, nr nearly so, the spikes
often elongated, the wool inside the perianth very copinus, and the ovary ahnost always
glabrous. The Qnecnshmd aiid N. S. Wales specimeiis are often ratherhairy, the ovary
almost always so, and the spikes usually shorter, sliowing an appruach to the following
species (or variety ?).

14. T. semilanatum, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 45. A perennial
with a tufted stock and erect simple or shghtly l)ranched stems of 6 in.
to 1 ft., more or less pubescent as well as the foHage with short crisped
hairs or quite giabrous. Leaves linear or linear-hmceolate, acute, the
radical ones not persistent at the time of llowering-, the lower onespetio-
late, 1 to 2 in. long-, the upper ones more sessile and smaller, the mar-
gins Hat or undulate-crisped. Spikes at iirstdepressed or hemispheiical,
at length giobular, about 1| in. diameter. Bracts about 2 hnes long",
ovate-lanceoh^te, mucronate, more or less brown in the centre and tips;

228 xcvii. AMARANTACEiE. [TricMnmm.

bracteoles broader, more obttise and not brown. Perianth about | in.
long-, the tiibe about f line, the se<>-ments narrow, rig-id, phmiose on the
back, with short g-kibrous pink tips ; tlie inner ones with long- wool
inside below the middle not very copious. Filaments dilated at the
base, sliortly connate, 1 or 2 short and without anthers. Ovary hairy
on the top. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 462 ; T. pidchelhm, A. Cunn.
and T. setigerum, A. Cunn. ; Moq, l.c. 290 ; Ptilotus nobilis, F. Muell.
Fragm. vi. 227 partly.

Queensland, Mitchdl ; head of the Gilbert river, F. Mueller ; Wide Bay, Bid-
will : Koikhainpton, 0' Slianesij ; Midgc Creek, J5(iit'ma« ; Warwick, iJecWer ; Darliug
Downs, L'ni.

N. S. Wales. Bogan river, Mitchell.

Tho sppcies is vcry near T. exaltatum, wilh which F. Mueller unitcs it, and from
eome 8i>eiimens of whicli it is difficult to distinguisli it. The spikes appear to be
always short, the bracts snialler and more scarious aud the foliage dilTcrent.

15. T. Manglesii, Lindl. Bot. Ticg. 1839 undcr n. 28. A perennial
with a short hard tufted stock and decumbent ascending* or rarely erect
stems of ^ to 1 ft., simple or rarely with 1 or 2 branches, the whole
plant except the inlloresconce glabrous. Radical leaves on long
petioles, ovate obovate oblong- narrow-spathulate or linear, obtuse or
acute, 1 to 3 in. long-, the stem-leaves few narrow and very acute.
Spikes g-lobular or ovoid, above 2 in. diameter, conspicuous for the
coloured tips of the perianths protruding* from the long* white hairs.
Bracts and bracteoles broatlly hinceolate, acutely acuminate, the outer
ones at least more or less brown in tho contre, from \ to | the length of
the porianth. Porianth \ to 1 in. long', the tube nsirrow, about 1 line
long", hirsuto outsido with short hairs ; segments with g-hibrous obtuse
pink or whitisli tips of 2 to 4 linos, the ronuiindor plumose outside with
long- liairs ; tlie inner ones rather smaUor and narrower, with long- woolly
hairs insido bolow the middle chioHy from the marg-ins. Filaments
dilatod at tho baso but scarcely united above the periauth-tube, 1, 2 or
3 of thom short without anthors. Ovary g-hibrous, contracted into a
long- stipes ; style very excentrical, quite g-labrous. — Field and Gardn.
Sert. Pl. t. 52 ; Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 289 ; Ptilotus Manf/lcsii, F.
Muell. Frag-m. vi. 230 ; T. spectabile, Field and Gardn. l.c. t. 53 ; Moq.
l.c. 289 ; T. Tnacroccphahm, Nees in Pl. Pr. i. 627, not of K. Br.

N. Australia. Glendg and Koebuck Bays, N. \V. coast, Martin.

W. Australia. Swan liver, Druvimond, \st coll. n. 435, 436, Preit^s, n. 1358,
1359, ■.u\d niany olhers ; noitliward to Murchisou river and southward to Kalgau river
Oldjiehl.

'Jhe broad and nnrrow leaved specinicns, disliiiguished as T. Mangh sii &.x\<\ T. spec-
tahile, are so inucli intcnnixed and connecled by intcimediates tliat tln-y cannot be
reL-koned as niaiked vaiieties. The cultivated speciiiien fi-nred Bot. Mag. t. .'j^^S has
the spike mucii more elongated than I have seen it in any of the numerous wild ones I
have had befoie me.

16. T. Beckerianum, F. MmU. in Linnrea, xxv. 436. A perennial
with a short branching- stock and erect simple stems not exceedins- 6
in. in our specimens. g-labrous as well as the foliag-e. Leaves crowded

Tric}dniltm.\ XCVII. AMARANTACEiE. 229

at the base of tlie stem, oblong--lanceolate, acute, | to nearly 2 in. long-,
the lower ones contracted into a petiole, the g-reator pnrt of the stem
bearing- only a flnv scarious scales or very smnll leavos. Spikes g-lobular
or at length ovoid, about Ih in. dinmeter, much resembling" those of
T. Man/jJeaii but smaller and the pink g-labrous tips not so long*. Bracts
and brncteoles ovat?, verv scarious, slig-htly mucronato, with the midrib
promiuent, 3 to 4 lines long, the outer ones not so brown in tlie centre
as in T. Jfafifjlesii. Perianth about | in. long, the tube scarcely ^ line,
the seg-ments nearly equal, the dorsal hairs not so long- as in T. Manfjlesii,
and the glabrous tips scarcely 1 line, the inner segments with long* woolly
hairs outside near the base. Filaments shortly ddated at the base but
scarcely united above the perianth-tube, 1 or two short and without
anthers, Ovary glabrous ; style with a few long spreading hairs. —
Ptilotus Beckeri, F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 233.

S. Australia. Scrub near Spencer's Giilf, Wilhelmi, Warburton. Very near
T. Jlanr/Iesii, but besides the difFerence in foliage the flowers are smaller with less pro-
minent tips and the styles hairy.

17. T. gomphrenoides, 3Ioq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 287. A peren-
nial with a tufted stock nnd erect simple stems of 1 to l^ ft., glabrous
or sprinkled upwards with a few short hairs. Radical leaves oblong-
spathulate, obtuse or mucronnte, 1 to 1|- in. long, contracted into a
long- petiole ; stem-leaves few^ small and distant, sessile, linear or
knceolate, very acute. Spikes solitary, at first globular, more ovoid
"when fully out, about 1 in. diameter or rather more. Bracts brown
■with scarious margins, lanceolate or almost ovate, very acute,
several empty ones often crowded at the base of the spike ; bracteoles
as long and ecpially acute, but broader and the midrib alone brown.
Perianth about | in. long-, the turbinnte tube about | line, the segments
plumose wdth fine hairs, the outer ones rather broad, scarcely ribbed,
with obtuse gdabrous tips, the inner ones smaller, with acute tips and
woolly hairs inside below the middle. Staminnl cup very short, free
from the perinnth-tube; filaments short, unequal, the larger ones much
dilated at the base, one very short without any anther. Ovary slightly
hirsute, Style excentrical.

S. Australia. S. coast, Strutt {Herh. Hook.).

18. T. esquamatum, Bcntli. A glabrous perennial, wath the branch-
ing stock, the erect simple rigid stems of 1 to 2 ft., and the linear
mucronate acute small distant leaves of T. Drummoudii, but without the
lobes of the staminal cup of that species. Radical leaves not persistent
at the time of fiowering- as in T. r/omphrcmidcs, Spikes globular or
ovoid, rather above 1 in. diameter. Bracts and bracteoles ovate, mu-
cronate, thin and shining, with slightly prominent midribs. Perianth-
tube exceedingly short, segments 5 to 0 lines long, rigid, 3-nerved, with
narrow scarious margins, densely plumose outside with very fine long-
hairs, the glabrous scarious tips broader and more obtuse in the outer
than in the inner ones, glabrous inside except the long woolly hairs

230 xcvii. amahantacea:. [Trichinium.

surrounding- the staniens some of which proceed from the base of the
inner sei>-ments. Staminnl cup very short; filaments rather short, not
verv unoqual, scarcely dihited at^^the base, but without intervening
teeth or lobes. Ovary woolly-hirsute.
W. Australia, Drummond, probably Swan river.

Series 4. IxcuRVA. — Spikes g-lobular, f to 1| in. diameter, termi-
natino- simple stems. Perianths curvod upwards, the inner segments
wooUv inside at the base. Ko teeth or lobes to the staminal cup be-
tween the filaments. Leaves linear.

19. T. declinatum, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii 293. Stems frora a
tufted stock ])rostrate or shortly asccnding-, in some specimens only 2
or 3 in. long-, in others attaining- 9 or 10 in., glabrous as well as the
foliag-e or sprinkled with a few woolly hairs, and generally a few woolly
tufts on the stock. Leaves linear or narrow-hmceohite, often rather
crowded, from under ^ m. to above 1 in. long-, those close under the
spikes often the longest. Spikes nearly globular, 1 to li in.diameter,
closely sessile within the hist leaves. Flowers not numerous, more or
less incurved as in 2\ enihcscens, but larg-er. Bracts and bracteoles
thin, broad, mucronate-acute, 3 to 4 lines long. Perianth | to 1 in.
long-, the segments free ahiiost from the base, narrow, rigid, plumose
outside with long- fine hairs, the ghibrous tips short and acute ; the
inner segments rather smaller, densely woolly inside at the base,
Staminal cup very short, glabrous, truncate ; fihiments scarcely or not
at all dilated at tlie base. Ovary woolly or nearly glabrous. — Ftilotns
dcclinatu.-<, Nees in Pl. Preiss. i. (531 ; T. crioccphalum, Moq. in DC. Prod.
xiii. ii. 293.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 429, Preiss, n. 1362 ; Murchison river, Oldfield.

20. T. enibescens, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 293. Stems soveral
from a thick rhizome or densely tufted stock, simple, erect or ascending-,
6 in. to above 1 ft. higli, glabrous as well as the foliag-e or sprinklod
with afew woolly hairs and interspersod on the stock with tufts uf liairs
usually straight. Leaves linoar, acute, the radical ones often 2 or 3 in.
long- on long- petioles, the stem ones much smaUer and sossile or noarly
so, the uppermost distant from the spike and sometimes passing- into
scarious bracts. Spikes soHtary, nearly globuhir or at lengtli scarcely
ovoid, f to 1 in. diamotor. Bracts and bracteoles broad, thin, with
short points, closoly embracing- the flowers, 3 to 4 lines long-, the mid-
ribs scarcely prominent. Perianth more or less curved upwards, espe-
cially when in bud, |^ to f in. long-, the tube about ^ line long- or
sometimes scarcely more than a slightly expanded disk, the segments
narrow, phunose outside, the short giabrous tips obtuse in the outor
ones, the inner sogmcnts Avith more acute tips and densely woolly in-
side below the middle. Fihiments dihited and very shortly unitod at
the base. Ovary hair}- or glabrous. — Dietr. FL Univ. Ser. 2. t. 14 ;

Tric/ii/iitl/n.] XCVIl. AMARANTACE.*. 2'Sl

Ptilotus enibescens, Schlecht. in Linnaea, xx. 575 ; F. Muell. Fi*ag-m. vi.
229 ; T. Unifolium, A. Cunn. ; Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 292.

N. S. Wales. Bavren rocky cotintry W. of Wellington vallev, ^-1. Cunningham.

Victoria. Grampiaiis? Mitchell ; Avoca river, /'. Mueller ; Skipton, Whan ;
Glenolfj river, liohertson.

S. Australia. Gawlertown, 5e/(r. ; Lofty Range, Salt Creek, F. Mueller ; Poit
Adelaide, Blandncsld.

Series 5. PoLYCEPHALA. — Stcms mostlj branched or rarely some
of them long" decumbent and simple, g'labrous or with crisped woolly
hairs. Spikes mostly g-lobular, | to 1 in. diameter. Perianths straight
or recurved. Filaments without intervening- teeth or lobes.

21. T. divaricatum, Gaudich. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 445. A g-labrous
shrub of 1 to 2 ft., with rigid striate spreading- branches. Leaves rather
distant, sessile or nearly so, linear or linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acute,
rather thick, i to 1 in. long*. Spikes g-lobular or ovoid, nearly \\ in.
diameter, more or less pedunculate, forming- compact leaty panicles.
Bracts and bracteoles 3 to 3| lines long-, thinly scarious and shining', ■
without promiuent midribs, closely enveloping- the perianths. Perianth
6 to 7 lines long-, the tube fully \ line long-, shortly hairy outside, the
segments phimose outside with long- fine hairs, the outer ones with
very short obtuse ghibrous tips, the inner ones much shorter, with
narrow tips scarcely g4abrous and with dense long* woolly hairs inside
below the middle. Filaments unequal, not long", dilated at the base
and very shortly united above the perianth-tube. Ovary stipitate,
glabrous. Style excentrical. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 291 ; Ftilotus
divaricatus, F. Muell. Frag-m. vi. 229.

W. Australia. Cliampion Bay anJ Murcl;ison river, Oldficld; Sliarks Bay {Gau-
dichaud), M. Brown.

22. T. helipteroides, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 122. Apparently annual,
with several erect or decumbent simple or branched stems of 6 in. to

1 ffc., clothed as well as the foliage with silky-woolly hairs. Leaves
linear or linear-hmceolate, the lower ones petiolate 1 to 2 in. long-, the
upper ones nearly sessile and smaller, not numerous. Spikes at first
g-lobuhir, at length ovoid, | to 1 in. long-. Bracts and bracteoles ovate,
thin and transparent, the bracts acute and as long- as the perianth or
nearlv so, the bracteoles much shorter and more obtuse. Perianth 3|-
to 4 lines long", the united disk very short, but the chaws forming' an
erect tube of about 1 line, tlie seg-ments narrow and rather rigid, the
dorsal hairs very line and not dense, the inner ones rather shorter and
more acute than the outer. Fih^ments much dihited at the base, but
scarcely united above the disk, surrounded by woolly hairs not very
copious proceeding- from the base of the inner segments, unequal, 1 or

2 of the shortest without anthers. — Ptilotis helipteroides, F. Muell.
Fragm. vi. 231 ; T. brachytrichum, F. MuelL Fragm. iii. 161.

N. Australia. Nichol Bay, N. W. Coast, Gregorys Expedition; sandyplains of
the interior, M'Douall Stuarfs Eocpedition.

232 XCVII. AMARANTACE^. [Trichiiiiuin.

23. T. Stirlingii, Liiull. Bot. Reg. 1839, iindpr n. 28. A perennial
with lonfi' procumbent or ascending- simple or branched stems more or
less clothed as well as the foliajze with white crisped woolly hairs,
sometimes donFe especially on the h)wer part of tlie stems, sometimes
small and rare in the upper part and leaves or accompanied by a short
g-landuhir ])ubcscence on the peduncles. Leaves lanceolate oblong- or
almost linear, the lower ones obtuse and contracted into a short petiole,
the upper ones small, more acute and sessile, broad or narrow. Spikes
globular, solitary at the ends of tlie stems or loosely paniculate, f to
1 in. diameter. " Bracts and bracteoles scarious but rather rig-id, mu-
cronate-acute, with the midrib more or less prominent, the bracteoles
about 2 lines long-, the bracts usually shorter. Perianth about 5 to 6
lines long, the tube about h line long- and shortly hispid, the seg-ments
plumose with fine hairs, long- in the lower half, shortor and not so dense
high r up, the outor scg-ments with broad dentate g-labrous pink tips,
the inner ones with narrower tips and long- woolly hairs inside near the
base chiefly from the margins. Filaments more or less dilated and
shortly united at the base, either all anther-bearing-, or 1, 2 or 3 of
them short and without anthers, or sometimes even the longer ones
scarcely dilated and the anthers imperfect. Oyarj stipitate, g-labrous ;
style slig-htlv excentrical. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 29? ; T. carncum,
Moq. l.c. 291.

V7. Australia. Swan river, Fraser ; Murcliison river and Chanipion Bay, OWr
jield ; Sharks Bay, M. Brown.

24. T. laxum, Benth. Perennial (?) with procumbent or ascending
loosely branched stems, g-labrous or sprinkled with a few short crisped
hairs. Leaves broadly ovate or obovate, obtuse or miicronate, the
marg-ins slig-htly crisped, g-reen and not thick, contracted into a short
petiole, sometimes above 1 in. long", the uppor ones smaller. Spikes
g-lobular ovoid or at leng-th shortly cylindrical, rather under 1 in.
diameter, all pedunculate in a loose leafy panicle. Bracts and bracteoles
ovate or oblong", obtuse or scarcely mucronate, the midrib usually promi-
nent, the outer ones more or less brown or rod at loast in the centre, 2
to nearly 3 in. long-, the bract usually smaller than the bracteoles.
Perianth 5 to nearly 0 lines long-, the tube cylindrical, about f line long",
resembling" a thick pedicel but liollow, enclosing the stipes of the ovary ;
seg'ments plumose outside with long- fine hairs, the outer ones with broad
coloured dcnticuLate g-hibrous tips, the inner ones rather shorter, with
narrower tips, and woolly hairs inside near the base chieHy from the
margins. Staminal cup very short and oblique, the two upper filaments
long-, much dihitedat thebase with oblong- anthors, the others shortand
without anthers. Ovary g-labrous; style excentrical.

■W. Australia. Between Cape Le GranJ and Cape Paislcy, Maxwell.

25. T. axillare, F. Mucll. Hcrb. A perennial with prostrate or ascend-
ing' branching- stems of about 1 ft., the young- shoots with long- white
woolly hairs, otherwise glabrous. Leaves ovate or elliptical, very acute,

TrichutitllH,.] XCVII. AMARANTACEiE. 283

contracted into a ratlier lon<>- petiole, | to 1 in. long*. Spikes nearly
g'lobular, about 1 in. diameter, on short axillary peduncles or flowering'
bronchlets, usually with a few small leaves close under the spike. Bracts
and bracteoles very acute and mucronate, about 3 lines long-, very tliin
but the outer ones rather brown with prominent midribs. Perianth
about 0 lines long-, the short tube shortly hirsute, the seg-ments narrow,
plumose outside with long- iine hairs, with short g-labrous pink truncate
or denticulate tips, the inner seg-ments smaller with narrower tips and
with a few woolly hairs inside at the base. Filaments 5, unequal and
some without anthers, but all dilated towards the base and united in a
short cup. Ovary g-labrous ; style quite lateral.

N. Australia. Nichol Bay, N. W. coast, F. Gregory's Expedition.

26. T. striatum, Moq. in Herh. Rook. A g-labrous undershrub, witli
rather slender but rigidly divaricate striate branches. Leaves few and
distant, sessile or nearly so, linear, ^ to f in. long' or the upper ones
smaller. Spikes at first hemispherical but at leng-th somewhat elong-ated,
all pedunculate forming' a loose irreg"ular leafy panicle. Bracts and
bracteoles obtuse, rather broad, closely enveloping- the perianth, scarious
and shining- without prominent midribs, about 2 lines long". Perianth
about 5 lines long-, very deciduous leaving- the bracts persistent, the
seg'ments free almost from the base, narrow and rigid, plumose almost
to the tips with long- fine soft hairs, the outer ones often rather longer
than the inner witli more prominent tips, all g'Iabrous inside. Staminal
cup very short, surrounded by very dense long- and intricate woolly
hairs proceeding- mostly from the cup itself; filaments unequal, the
long-er ones dilated downwards. Ovary g-labrous ; style excentrical.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 430 ; Port Gregory, Oldfield ; Dirk Hartog's island,
Milne (the last two very imperfect specimens aiid some.what doubtful).

DrummoiKrs specimens were afterwards refened by Mnquin to T. divaricatum, to
•which they bear some resemblance, but from which they difter in a much looser divari-
cate panicle, the flowers snialler, the perianth segments free to the base, and the wool
Burrounding the stameiis proceeding from the staminal cup and not irom the inner
segments.

27. T. auriculifolium, A. Cunn. ; 3Ioq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 287.
A perennial, probably with a tufted stock. Radical leaves obovate or
obovate-oblong-, very obtuse, g'labrous, rather thick, with undulate
marg-ins, l^ to 2 in. long-, on rather short petioles. Flowering- stems
erect, 6 in. to 1 ft. hig-h in our specimens, nearly g-labrous below, clothed
upwards with soft hairs, and bearing- a few small distant leaves. Spikes
nearly g-lobular, 4 or 5 tog-ether nearly sessile and crowded in a terminal
dense ovate panicle. Bracts broadly ovate, acute, scarcely 2 lines long- ;
bracteoles twice as long-, obtuse, very broad and enveloping- the tlowers,
all very thin and transparent. Perianth 5 to nearly 0 lines long-, the
turbinate tube about f line ; seg-ments narrow, nearly equal, densely
plumose with rather long' hairs, with short g-labrous tips rounded or
truncate in the outer ones, narrower in the inner ones, all g-labrous in-
side. Staminal cup shortly free, surrounded by long' woolly liairs reach-

334 XCVII. AMAHAXTACE.E. [Trichillium.

ing- to tlie top of the stamens and some of tliem ])roceeding' from tlie
filaments thomselves ; anthers often all 5 perfect. Ovary on a long*
stipes, woolly at the top.

tt. Australia. Dampier's Archipelago, N. \V. coast, A. Cunningham.

28. T. sericostachyum, Xces in Pl. Preiss. i. 627. Stems from
a thick i'liizume procumbent ascending- (or erect ?), branching-, 1 to l^
ft. long-, g-reen and g-hdjrous as well as the foliag-e or sprinkled with a
few woolly hairs. Leaves oblong- or lanceohite, acute or obtuse, the
Uirg-er ones 1 to 2 in. long-, much sraalleron the branches, all contracted
into a petiole. Spikes at first g-lobuhir, at length more ovoid, about |
in. diameter, sessile within the last leaves of the numerous branches.
Bracts lanceolate, about 2 lines long-, very thin hut with a prominent
green centre produced into a fine point ; bracteoles about as long- but
broader with the midrib only slig-htly prominent. Perianth-seg-ments
free ahnost from the base, narrow, rigid, 4 to 4| lines long*, densely
plumose outside with fine white hairs, the narrow g-hibrous tips obtuse
in tlie outer seg-ments, the inner seg-ments shorter with very short acute
tips and very few hairs inside below the middle. Staminal cup short,
free from the perianth, surrounded by articuh^te straight hairs ; filaments
slightly dihited at the base, very unequal, 1, 2 or 8 w^ithout anthers.
Ovary g-hnbrous. — Moc[. iu DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 284 ; Ptilotus sericostachyus,
F. Muell. Frag-m. vi. 280 ; T. Jorihundum, Moq. Lc. 283 ; Ptilotus

Jioribundus, F. MuelL Fragm. vi. 233.

W. Australia. Swan liver, Collie, Drummond, n. 149; Preiss, n. 1372, Oldfield.

29. T. roseum, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 284. A perennial with
decumbent or ascending' loosely branched stems of above 1 ft., more or
less hirsute with crispecl but rather spreading- hairs, not so white as in
T. Stirliiif/ii. Leaves ovate oblong- or elliptical, acute or obtuse, con-
tracted at the base and the lower ones petioh"ite, g-reen and usually
loosely villous underneath ; the larg-er ones 1 in. long-, the upper ones
small and distant. Spikes g-lobuhir or at lenth ovoid, 1 in. diameter or
rather niore. Bracts and bracteoles thin, mucronate-acute, with pro-
minent midribs, about 3 lines long- or the outer ones smaller. Perianth
6 to 6 Hnes long*, recurved, plumose outside with fine but not very long*
hairs, the outer ones with g-hibrous tips shg-htly dentate, the inner ones
shorter with small acute tips, all g-hdjrous inside, Staminal cup very
obhque, surrounded by hairs on the upper side, the two upjier fihunents
long- shortly dihited at the base, with perfect anthers, the others very
small without anthers or Ciuite obsolete. Ovary glabrous ; style very
exccntricaL

W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. n. 433 ; Murray river? Ohl-
Jield ; Vassc river, JLs. Molloy (a more glabroiis ibrni, witli rather smaller flowers).

30. T. fusiforme, P. Br. Prod. 415, A perennial with a fusiform
rhizome and slen(hn- erect branching- stems of 1 to 2 ft. Leaves narrow-
linear or almost filiform, the lower ones often 2 in. long-, the upper ones
few small and distant. Spikes ovoid, about 1 in, diameter, on long

Trichinhlin.] XCVII. AMARANTACK^E. 280

slender brrtuches or peduncles. Bracteoles broad, very obtuse, closely
enveloping- the perianth, ver}' thin and shininp', about 2 lines long',
the bracts shorter aud more acute. Perianth 5 to 6 Hnes long", the
seg'ments free ahuost or quite to the base, narrow, rigid, 3-nerved, phi-
mose outside with rather rigid long- hairs, with short giabrous tips
rather longer and more obtuse in the outer tluiu the inner segTnents,
all giabrous inside. Staminal cup very short, densely covered outside
with long- straigiit hairs ; lihiments unec|ual, all antheriferous or one
without an anther. Ovary densely hairy. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii.
294 ; Ptilotus fusiformis, Poir. Dict. Suppl. iv. 019.

N. Australia. Islands of tlie Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown ; Dampier's Archi-
pelago, N.W. coast, A. Canninghani ; Victoria river, F. Mudler.

31. T. gracile, 7?. Br. Prod. 415. Very near T. fusiforme, and the
struoture of the Howers the same, but an annual w-ith still more slender
branching- stems, the leaves fihform, the spikes giobuhir not above f
in. diameter, and the perianth only about 4 Hnes long- with much shorter
giabrous tips. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii, 294; Ptilotus gracilis, Poir.
Dict. Suppl iv. 020.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown; N.W. coast,
Bynoe.

Series G. Squamigera. — Spikes giobular or cyhndrical, h to 1 in.
diameter. Staminal cup with transparent scale-like teeth or lobes be-
tween the filaments.

The presence of the lobes of the starainal ciip, or staminodia of IMoquin, would
technically remove the three following species from the geniis, but the character is so
purely artificial, as not even to constitute a good section, these species biing perhaps
each of them more nearly allied to corresponding species iu other groups than to eacli
other.

32. T. Drummondii, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 292. A giahrous
perennial, the stock branching at the base into several erect simple
rigid but not stout stems of 1 to 2 ft., the radical leaves not persisting'
as in T. gomphrenoides. Stem-leaves linear, mucronate-acute, ^ to 1 in.
long-, sessile or nearly so, or the lower ones long-er and petiohite, the
uppermost small and distant. Spikes giobuhir or at leng-tli ovoid, f in.
diameter or rather more. Bracts and bracteoles broad, obtuse or shortly
mucronate, thin and shining-, 2 to 3 lines long-. Perianth 4 to 5 hnes
long-, the tube turbinate about h hne, the seg'-inents rigid, scarcely ribbed,
densely phimose outside with very fine hairs, with scarious margins and
giabrous tips, the outer ones obtuse, the inner ones rather shorter and
woolly inside below the middle. Filaments not very unequal, fiat and
tapering" to the top, very shortly united above the perianth-tube, with
oblong' fring'ed exceedingiy thin and transparent scales between them
surrounded by loose woolly hairs besides those proceeding- from the
inner segments. Ovary giabrous. — Ptilotus Drummondii, F. MuelL Fragm.
vi. 229 ; T. fusiforme, Nees in Pl. Preiss. i. 020, not of R. Br.

VT. Australia. Swan river, Collie, Drummond, \st coll. n. 431, Preiss, n. 1374 ;
Champion Bay, Olljield ; Walkev's Brook, Maxwell.

1?80 XCVIl. AMARANTACEiE. [Trirhiniuilt.

The general resemblance of this plant to T. esquamatum is so close that it is not
reatlilv distingnished withoiit examining tlie flowers. Tiie spikes are, however, usualiy
but not quite constantly, considerably snialier.

33. T. calostachyiim, F. Muell. An erect slender sliuhtly l)ranclied
annual of 1 to 2 ft. Leaves few, very narrow-linear almost filiform,
the lower ones 1 to 2 in. long-, the upper ones smtdl and distant. Spikes
on slender peduncles, at first conical, at length oblong--cylindrical, 1 to
li in. long-. Bracts and bracteoles ovate, mucronate, very thin and
sliining-, 1.^? to 2 lines long-. Perianth pink, 2i to 3 lineslong-, the seg--
ments free"from the base, scarious, densely plumose outside with fine
hairs short in the lower part, long-er in the upper half, with shortly
g-labrous obtiise tips, the 3 inner ones rather shorter, with woolly hairs
inside towards the base but on the segments and not on the staminal
cup. Filaments slig-htly unecpial, all bearing- anthers, united in a short
cup with linear or lanceolate exceeding-ly thin scales between them
fring-ed or g-landular on the margin. Ovary g-labrous. — Arthrotrichum
calostdchijum, F. Muell. in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. vii. 500 ; Ptilotus
calostachiju.f^ F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 231.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Upper Victoria
river, Hool<er"s and Sturfs Creeks, F. Mueller ; Nichol Bay, Walcott ; Koebuck Bay,
31artin.

The habit approaches that of some of the annnal Pliloti, the scales between the
stamens are S'imewliat variable but prescnt iii all the flowers examined, usualiy about 5
line long, tlie other characters are entirely those of Trichinium.

34. T. Fraseri, .1. Cunn. ; Moq. in DC. Frod. xiii. ii. 295. Stems from a
woody but rather slender branching base, erect, slender, about 6 in.
hig"h, glabrous as well as the foliage. Leaves small, very narrow-linear,
almost terete. Spikes small, probabl}^ globular when perfect. Bracts
and bracteoles thiu, acute, 2 to 2^ lines long-. Perianth scarcely ex-
ceeding- the bracts, the segments free from the base, plumose outside,
the tips shortly g-labrous ; the inner seg'ments rather smaller with a
few of the marginal hairs below tlie middle turned inside. Staminal
cup glabrous; filaments rather short, filiform, all nearly equal and
bearing- anthers, with oblong- transparent fring-ed scales between them.

N. S. ^Vales, Fraser, the precise station not given.

Series 7. Spathulata. — Perennials with short decumbent stems
leafy to the spike. Spikes g-lobular ovoid or cylindrical, sessile within
the last leaves. Perianths straig-ht. Filaments without intervening-
teeth or scales. Leaves mostly spathulate.

35. T. spathulatum, R. Br. Frod. 4L5. A perennial with a thick
woody rhizume and spreading- prostrate stems of 3 to 6 in. without the
spike, g-labrous as well as the foliag-e or nearly so. Radical leaves
ovate or spathulate, obtuse, | to 1 in. long- and more or less decurrent
on the long- petrole ; stem-leaves smaller narrowmore acute andscarcely
petiolate, those immediately under the spike ag-ain rather larg-er. Spikes
ovate, at leng-th cylindrical, sessile within the last leaves, 2 to 4 in. long'

Tnchiniiim.] xcvii. amarantace^. 237

and I to 1 in. diameter, of a yellowisli hue. Bracts and bracteoles thin
and shininii', mostly acute, ahout 3 lines long". Perianth 4 or 5 lines
long-, the tube narrow, about | Hne, the segments densely phimose out-
side, with long- hairs denticuhite at the ])oints the outer ones with very
short more or less truncate and denticuhite giabrous tips, the inner ones
rather shorter, tapering- into entire or scarcely toothed tips. Fihiments
dihited and very shortly united at the base, surrounded by articulate
hairs not ver}' copious, all bearing- anthers or one of them short and
without any anther. Ovary giabrous ; style excentrical. — Moq. in DC.
Prod. xiii. ii. 287 j Hook. t'. FL Tasm. i. 810, t. 94; Ptilotns spathnlatus,
Poir. Dict. Suppl. iv. 620 ; Trichiuium mucroiiatum, Nees in PL Preiss.
i. 628 ; Moq. l.c. 288.

Victoria. Murray and Avoca rivers, Dallachy, F. 3IueUer ; Melbourne, Harvey
and others ; Skipton, W/ian ; Little river, Fidlagar.

Tasmania. Derwent river, R. Broicn; abundant on dry plains near Ross, J. D.
Hooker.

S. Australia. Enfield, Barossa and Lofty Ranges, F. Mudler (tlie specimens
froni tlie lattrr locality luxuriant witb brauching stems of nearly 1 ft.) ; Venus Bay,
WarLurlon ; Gawler Range-;, SulUvan.

yKT. Australia, Driunmond, n. -128 ; Mount Brown, York district, Freiss, n. 1373;
Vasse river, Mrs. Molloy.

36. T. pyramidatum, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 288. A small
plant probably perennial, with a tufted stock and ascending- or erect
stems not above 1 in. without the spike in our specimens, giabrous as
well as the foliag-e or woolly-hairy under the spike. Leaves small,
oblong-spathuhite, the radical ones petiolate, the others sessile. Spikes
terminal, solitary or 2 or 3 tog'ether, conical and about 1 in. long- in our
specimens but probably at length long-er and cylindricah Bracts and
bracteoles broad, very thin, about 2 lines long-, the bracteoles very ob-
tvise, the bracts more acute with an opaque midrib. Perianth 4 lines
long- or rather more, the segments free from the base, densely plumose
outside with soft white hairs, the inner ones smaller and more aeute
than the outer. Staminal cup very short, surrounded by straigiitarticu-
late hairs proceeding from the base of the inner seg-ments ; fihiments
unequal, 1, 2 or 3 of them short and without anthers or quite deficient.
Ovary giabrous. — Ptilotus pyramidatus, F. MuelL Frag-m. vi. 230.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 99, 22L Perhaps a depauperated state of a species

usually larger.

37. T. holosericeum, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 287. A perennial
with the thick rhizome tufted stock and short procumbent stems of
T. sjmthulatum, giabrous as well as the fohag-e or the young- shoots
sprinkled with a few silky hairs. Radical leaves obovate or oblong--
spathuhate, j to 1 in. long-, on long- petioles, the stem-leaves few and
smalL Spikes sessile within the last leaves, giobular or at leng-th
scarcely ovoid, about f in. diameter, whiter and more shining- than in
T. spathulatuin, the broad shining- bracts being- larg-er in proportion to
the perianth and more conspicuous. Perianth about 5 lines long-, the
tube about | line long-, the segments narrow, densely phmiose outside

238 xcvii. A.MAKANTACEJE. [Trichintum.

witli silkv liairs less prominently articiilate tlian in T. spatkulation and
not denticulate, all very long- and tlie lower ones as long- as tlie wliole
perianth ; the outer seg-nients with very short rounded o-lal)rous tips,
the inner ones more acute, with long- wool inside below the middle.
Filaments slig-htly dilated and very shortly united at the base, all nearly
equal or 1 or 2 sliort and without anthers. Ovary glabrous. — Ptilotus
holosericrus, F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 229.
W. Australia, Drummond, n. 75 and 232.

Series 8. Parviflora. — Spikes g-lobular ovoid or cyliudrical, ^ to ^
in. diameter, filaments without intervening- teeth or scales.

38. T. Cunninghamii, Bcnth. An erect rather ilaccid slig-htly
branched anuual, attiiiiiing- 1 ft. or niore, g-labrous or sprinkled as well
as the foliag-e with a few soft hairs. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate,
acute or obtuse, contracted into a petiole, the lower ones often 2 in.
long-, the upper ones distant. Spikes solitary or in a cluster of 2 or 3,
at first conical, at length oblong- (or cylindrical .') above |- in. long- and
a])out \ in. diameter, but the old ones of our specimens imperfect.
Bracts and bracteoles very thin and transparent, the bracteoles broad
and about ;", Hne long-, the bracts narrower more acute and rather long-er.
Perianth \h Hnes long-, tlie seg-ments free almost from the base, trans-
parent, narrow, densely clothed outside with white hairs, woolly on the
lower half, straig-ht on the upper half, all giabrous inside but the
marg-inal wool towards the base of the inner ones sHg-htly turned in-
wards. Staminal cup short ; filaments slender, rather unequal but all
bearing- anthers, without intervening- teeth or scales. Ovary g-labrous.
— Ptilofiis hinatus, A. Cunn. ; Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 281.

N. Australia. Point Cunningham, Cygnet Bay, N. W. Coast, A. Cunningham.

I liave not adoptcd Cunningham's sjjecific name because in transferring the plant to
Trichiiiium it is ■wholly inappropviate, and, moreover, miglit create confusion owing to
thcre having been a T. lanatum, Lindl. (now reduced to T. obovatum), besides a T.
semilanatum, Lindl., still retained.

39. T. leucocoma, Moq. in BC. Prod. xiii. ii. 292. Probably her-
baceous, erect or ascending-, rather slender, sHghtly branched, g-labrous
or nearly so, our specimens not exceeding- G in., with Hnear or Hnear-
lanceohite fiaccid leaves not above 1 in. long-. Spikes at first g-Iobular
at leng-th oblong", J to f in. long; and nearly i in. diameter. Bracteoles
broad obtuse or with small points, thin and shining-, 1 to 1| lines long- ;
bracts usuallv not so broad and more pointed, and often shorter.
Perianth about 2i Hnes long-, the tube rather thick |- line long-, the
segrnents rigid with scarious margins, the dorsnl hairs not so dense nor
so long- as in most species, the tips shortly g-Iabrous truncate and denti-
culate in the outer seg-ments, more acute but not shorter in the inner
ones, all glabrous inside. Staminal cup shortly free near the base of
the perianth-tube, surrounded by woolly hairs ; filaments scarcely
dilated. Ovary g-Iabrous.

S. AuBtralia. Great marsh of the interior, Strutt (Herb. Jlook.).

Triohinium.\ XCVII. AMARANTACE.E. 239

40. ? T. villosum, Necs in Pl. Preiss. i. 628. An annuul with pros-
trnte simple slender villous stems. Leaves petiolate, tlie radical ones
spatliulate, tlie stem ones narrow-lanceolate, acute, undulate, clotlied
witli ratlier long- woolly liairs, about 1 in. lony. Spikes solitary, ovate-
conical, obtuse, u lines long-. Bracts ovate, finely pointed, 1 nerved,
whitish transparent and shinins", loosely villous, as long* as the perianth.
Perianth g-reenish white, about 3 lines long", the seg-ments mucronate-
acute, very densely woolly. — Moc|. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 285.

VIT. Australia. Swan river, Preiss. n. 1365 {Nees). I liave seen no specimen
correspoiiding witli tlie aliove cliai-acter. The plant is saiil to be allied to T. incanum,
liut does nnt appear to liave any steliate tonientum, and tlie habit mnst be widely
different. The internal structure of the flower and the precise ijosition of the wool are
not described.

41. T. brachyanthum, F. Muell. in Hcrb. Hook. A perennial with
a hard ahiiost woody rhizome and several erect or ascending- simple or
branched stems under 1 ft., clothed wuth a short soft woolly tomentum,
the foHag'e glabrous or nearly so. Leaves from ovate-oblong* to almost
linear, very obtuse, contracted into a petiole, rather thick and soft,
rarely above 1 in. long*. Spikes terminal, sohtary and shortly peduncu-
late, or 2 tog-ether and almost sessile, atfirst g'lobular, at leng-th oblong'-
cylindrical, h to | in. long" and 4 to 5 lines diameter. Bracts and
bracteoles broad, thin, shining-, obtuse or with minute points, scarcely
above 1 line long-. Perianth 1| to 2 lines long-, the tube reduced to a
very small open disk, but verv densely clothed outside with long" woolly
hairs enveloping- tlie whole fruiting- perianth ; segments plumose to
the top with long* straight hairs, the inner ones woolly inside towards
the base. Staminal cup nearly | line long-, g-labrous, truncate ; fila-
ments unequal, 1 or 2 sometimes without anthers. Ovary g-labrous.

N. Australia, F. Mueller. Inchided by F. Jlueller, Fragm. vi. 233, as a lanu
ginous variety in T. arthrolasium, but appears to me to be distinct in habit and in-
florescence as well as in the wool.

42. T. arthrolasium, F. Mnell. A perennial or undershrub with
a thick rhizome and erect much branched stems under 1 ft. hig-h, hard
and almost woody at the base, clothed as well as the foliag-e with
articulate crisped hairs, usually dense and fulvous on the branches.
Leaves lanceolate or oblong-linear, obtuse or acute, contracted into a
short petiole, ratlier thick and soft, J to 1 in. long-. Spikes at first
conical but very soon elong-ated, h ^o f i^i- long-, rather numerous,
shortly pedunculate, forming- a corymbose leafy panicle. Bracts and
bracteoles thin and shining-, mucronate-acute, gdabrous or the outer
ones slig-htly hair}', 1 to l^ lines long-. Perianth about l^ lines long-,
the very short tube densely surrounded by straig-ht hairs long-er than
the whole perianth ; segments narrow-lanceolate, nearly equal, acute,
scarious, plumose outside Avith straig-ht hairs very much shorter than
the basal ones, all glabrous inside, but a few of the marg-inal hairs of
the inner ones turned inside. Staminal cup free, tnmcate, not sur-

240 xcvii. AMARANTACEiE. [Trickinium.

rounded bv hairs. Ovary glal^rous. — Ptilotus arthrolasivs, F. Muell.
FragTn. vi, 232.

N. Australia. Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller.

43. T. arvoides, F. Mudl. Fragm. iii. 123. Probably perennial
and procunibcnt. Stems brancliing-, the young shoots and peduncles
clothed with white woolly hairs. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
acute, contraeted into a ratlier long- petiole, i to 1 in. long-. Spikes
niuiierous, solitary or 2 or 3 together on short axillary or terminal
peduncles, ovoid or conical (or at length cylindrical ?), 3 to 4 lines
diameter. Bracts ovate, acute, with brown tips, tlie bracteoles more
transparent broader and more obtuse, all about as long as the perianth
and usually bearing dorsal hairs at tlie base. Perianth scarcely 2 Hnes
long, the segments free from the base, rigid, acute, plumose oiitside
with short glabrous tips, glabrous inside. Fihiments unequal, united
at the base in a short ghibrous truncate cup, 1, 2 or 3 of them without
anthers. Ovary densely villous on the top. — Ptilotus airvoides, F. Muell.
Fragm. vi. 231.

N. Australia. Nichol Bay, N.W. Coast, F. Gregory^s Expedition.

44. T. Roei, F. 3Iudl. Ilerl). Probably perennial and procumbent,
closely aUied to T. cervoides, the branches white with a close cottony
wooL Leaves petiolate, obovate or orbicular, obtuse or the upper ones
mucronate, | to 1 in. long. Bracts and bracteoles more rigid and
villous than in T. (ervoides, nearly as long as the perianth. Perianth
nearly 3 lines long, the segments rigid and erect in the lower half, the
upper half lanceolate spreading, phmiose outside with glabrous tips,
the inner ones densely woolly inside below the middle. Filaments un-
equal, 1 or 2 without anthers. Ovary glabrous.

W. Australia. Lake Barlee, ForresVs Expedition.

45. T. csespitulosum, F. Mnell. A perennial with a densely
tufted stock, the crowded short branches covered with the imbricate
persistent remains of old leaves, the Howering branches slender, erect,
simple, 3 to 5 in. high. Leaves crowded on the short ceespitose barren
branches, distant on the flowering* ones, hnear-terete, mucronate-acute,
l^ to 3 hnes long*, with a small thiek callous and persistent base.
Spikes terminal, shortly conical, 4 to G Hnes long. Bracts and brac-
teoles nearly 2 lines long, ver^^ broad, closely enveloping the perianths,
thin and shining, the midrib produced into a small point, glabrous
except a few hairs at the base. Perianth-tube short, the segments
shortly exceeding the bracts, very obtuse, densely phmiose outside with
straight hairs, the glabrous ends nearly ^ of the whole segment.
Perfect stamens 2 only, with very short filaments. Style short. —
Ptilotus ccespitulosns, F. MuelL Fragm. vi. 232.

W. Australia, Drtimmond, n. 189. The specimcns are not in a good state, and I
have bcen unable to ascertain the precise form ot" tlie staminal cap.

Tnehinium.] xcvii. amarantaceje. 241

Series 9. Helichrysoidea. — Characters the same as of the species.

46. T. helichrysoides, F. MneU. A low perennial with a liard thick
densel3'-brnnc'heil stock covered by the withered remains of old leaves,
the leafy flowering- stems not above a few in. hig-h, densely clothed with
a woolly tomentum more silky shining- and silvery on the fresh foHag-e.
Leaves crowded up to the spike, sessile, elliptical, oblong- or almost
ovate, obtuse with a short fine point, thick and silky tomentose on both
sides, about | in. long-. Spikes sessile within the hist leaves, depressed-
g'lobular, | in. diameter or rather more. Bracts and bracteoles broadly
ovate, about 2 lines long-, scarious and shining- but usually with a tuft
of woolly hairs on the back. Perianth about 4 lines long", the tube
turbinate, about ^ line long-, the seg-ments densely plumose outside with
fine hairs rather long- and silky on the lower portion, shorter on the
upper portion, the glabrous tips very short; all g"labrous inside. Fila-
ments slig-htly dilated towards the base and very shortly united, sur-
rounded by very few hairs only, but the ovary very densely hirsute. —
Psilotrichiim helichrysoidcs, F. Muell, Fragm. i. 237 ; Ptilotushelichrysoides,
F. Muell. Frag-m. vi. 231.

^V. Australia, Drummond ; hills near Baker's Well, Port Gregory, Oldfield. —
The species has no immediate affinity with any other one known.

Species insufficiently knomn.

47. T. parvifolium, F. Muell. Rep. Bdbh. Exped. 19, Of this the
only specimen is a slender branching- frag-ment, not 6 in. long-, pubes-
cent with a few short woolly hairs. Leaves few, minute, ovate or
lanceolate, acute, none of them above 1 line long-. No perfect spikes
on the specimen, but only a very few flowers apparently like those of
T. seinilanatnm but smaller. — Ptilotus parvifolius, F, Muell, FragTii.
vi. 229.

S. Australia. Stuart's Creek, Babbage'» Expedition.

5. PTILOTU^, R. Br.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-seg-ments 5, linear, free or united
in a very short tube at the base, rig-id, the lower portion usually
3-ribbed and g-labrous, or covered outside with articulate hairs or
intricate wool, the upper moiety a glabrous coloured lamina, all g-labrous
inside, or the inner ones with woolly hairs below the lamina. Stamens
6, one or two of them sometimes small without anthers, ali united in a
short cup or ring- at the base, without intervening teeth or lobes;
anthers 2-celled. Ovary uniovulate ; style central or slio-htly excen-
trical. Fruit an indehiscent utricle. Seed vertical. — Herbs mostly
(or always ?) annual and g-labrous except the inflorescence. Flowers
in g-lobular conical or cylindrical spikes, with a woolly rhachis. Bracts
and bracteoles scarious,

Like Trichinium, the genus is probably limited to Australia. P. corijmhosus is
indeed said to be found alao in the island of Flores in the Moluccas, but from Blume'3
VOL, V, R

242 XCVII. AMARANTACE^. [PtUotUS.

short character it is doubtful whether it be the same as the Australian plant of that
nanie, or even a congener. P. arnahilis, Span., from Tinior, has never been described ;
P. ovatiis, Moq., from E. Iiidia, withopposite leaves, is a Psilotrichum, P. Sandwicensis,
A. Gray, frora tlie Sandwich Islands, is an Achijranthes.

The genus oniy diflers from some of the smaller fiowered Trichinia, in thc absence of
the dorsal hairs -which, in the latter genus, give the laininaj of the perianth-scgments
a plumose appearance.

Perianths glabrous outside except a fevr hairs round thc base.
Leaves lincar.
Spikes globular or scarcely ovate.

Fihinicnts dilated under the anthers 1. P. conicus.

Filamcnts filifdrm exccpt at thc base.

Pcrianth not exceeding 2 lincs. Bracts raostly acute

and appressed 2. P. corymhosus.

Perianth 3 to 4 lines long. Bracts broad, mostly obtuse

and loose 3. P. grandiflorus.

Spikes at first conical, at length cylindrical 4. P. spicatus.

Perianths envcloped in dense white cottony wool proceeding
from the lower half. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or obovate.
Spikos cylindrical. Leaves oblong.

Spikes sessile 5. P. Murrayi

Spikes pedunculate 6. P. gomphrenoides.

Spikes globular. Leavcs obovate 1. P. latifolius.

Perianths cnveloped in loiig dense articulate hairs procecding
frora tlie lower half. Leaves narrow.
Spikes globular or ovoid. Leaves lanceolate or oblong.

Stout plant. Spikes 4 in. diameter 8. P. macrotricJnis.

Smali slender plant. Spikes \ in. diameter 9. P. villo-nflorus.

Spikes cylindrical. Leaves linear 10. P. humilis.

1. P. conicus, R. Br. Prod. 415. An erect glabrous annual, closely
rosembling- P. corijmhusns, hut usually more rigid, 1 to 2 feet bigb,
Avith elong-ated branches. Leaves very narrow-linear as in that species.
Spikes few on long- peduncles, birg-er tban in P. corjjvibosKs, g-lobular
and 5 bnes diameter, or at leng-tb ovoid and 7 or 8 Hnes long-. Bracts
narrow, acuto or aristate, sborter than the perianth. Periantb-
segments all scarious, or tbe inner ones more rigid and sbglitly ribbed
at tbe base, 2\ to nearly 3 bnes long\ Filaments mucb dilated
towards tbe base, and again sbortly dibited and obcordate under tbe
antbers. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 282 ; Trichinium conicum, Sjjreng-.
Syst. i. 810.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Broion ; Goulburn islands,
A. Cunninfjliam ; Port Essinglon, ^rwisiro?;^.

2. P. corymbosus, i?. Br. Prod. 415. An erect slender g-labrous
annual of about l ft. or ratber more, loosely and corymbosely brancbed
at tbe top or nearly from tbe base. Leaves very narrow-linear,
acute, tbe lower ones often nearly 2 in. long-, tbose of the brancbes
very smalL Spikes small, at first bemispberical, at lengtb giobubir or
almost ovoid, gialjrous outside. Bracts and bracteoles ovate, scarious,
minutely mucronate,mucb sborter tban tbe periantb. Periantb-seg-ments
all equal, about 2 to 2| linos long-, acute, tbe two outer ones scarious
almost from tbe base, giabrous inside as well as out, tbe three inner
ones more rigid, ribbed, and woolly inside in tbe lower half or claw.

PtilotUS.] XCVII. AMARANTACEiE. 243

Filaments filiform to tlie to]), slig-litly dilated at the base and united in
a very sliort cup. — Moq. in DC'. Prod. xiii. ii. 282 ; TricMnium corym-
bosiim, Spreng'. Syst. i. 810 nut of Gaudicli.

W. Australia. Islaiids of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Ii. Broion ; N.W. Coast,
Bynoe ; Victoiia river and Sturfs Creek, F. 3Tueller.

Var. aciUijlorus. Perianth-segments more acute ; bracts and bracteoles almost aris-
tate. — Arnhem's Land, 3rKinlay.

3. P. grandiflorus, F. Mitdl. Fraffm. i. 237. An erect slender
ratlier weak branching- annual of 6 in. to 1 ft., g-labrous or nearly so.
Leaves linear or linear-hmceolate, acute, the hirg-er ones 1 to IJ in.
long" and contracted into a petiole, the upper ones small and distant.
Spikes peduncuhite, at first nearly g-lobular, at length somewliat ovoid,
about f in. diameter when fully developed. Bracts and bracteoles thin
and trans]iarent, mucronate, 2 to 21 lines long', the bract rather broadly
ovate, the bracteoles narrower. Perianth 4 to 5 lines long", suri-ounded
by straight articuhite hairs a few 6f which are on the perianth itself at
the base, otherwise quite glabrous, the segments free from the base,
obtuse, scarious, pink, the inner ones scarcely shorter, without any
wool inside. Staminal cup short, surrounded by articulate straight
hairs, the filaments rather short, all nearly equal, with perfect anthers.
Ovary g-labrous.

VT. Australia. Champion Bay and Murchison river, Oldfield.

Var. Jepidns. Spikes and flowers smaller, the perianth scarcelj above 3 lines long.

1 can detect no other difference. — P.lepidus,^ .MMeW. Fragm. iv. 89. — Sharks Baj,
M. Brown.

4. P. spicatus, F. Miiell. Herh. An erect g-labrous annual (or with
a perennial rhizome ?) of 1 to 2 ft., with long- branches bearing- usually
each a sing-le spike as in P. conicus. Leaves narrow linear or rarely
linear-lanceolate acute, the larg-er ones 2 in. long*. Spikes at first
shortly conical, at length cyhndrical and above 1 in. long*. Bracts and
bracteoles narrow, acute or aristate, shorter than the perianth. Pe-
rianth about 2^ lines long", surrounded at the base by a dense ring- of
rigid hairs some of which are also on the loAver portion or claws of the
seg-ments ; seg'ments free from the base, the upper half scarious coloured
(pink or red), obtuse and quite ghibrous, the 3 inner ones woolly inside
below the middle. Staminal cup very short, the filaments not very un-
equal, fihfurm, scarcely dilated at the base.

N. Australia. Victoria river, F. Mueller. Included in P. corymhosus by F. Muel-
ler, Fragm. iii. 125.

Var. leianthus. Claws or lower portion of the perianth-segments without any or
Bcarcely any dorsal hairs.

N. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria, Leichhardt ; Attack Creek, M'Douall StuarVs
Expeditton.

Queensland. Flinders' river, Bowman, Sutherland.

5. P. Murrayi, F. Muell. Frafjm. iii. 146. A small apparently
prostrate branching* annual (or perennial ?) our specimens not exceeding-

2 or 3 in. but not the entire plant. Leaves oblong, obtuse, under ^ in.

b2

244 XCVII. AMARANTACE^. [PtUotUS.

lonp-, contracted into a petiole, g-labrous as well as tlie branches. Spikes
axillary and terminal, sessile, at first g-lobose, at length oblong- or
cylindrical and aboiit | in. hjng- and 2i to 3 lines diameter, the pink
tips of tlie perianths just appearing- above the white wool. Bracts and
bracteoles ovate, obtuse, scarious, g-labrous, scarcelv above |- line long-.
Perianth about l^ lines long-, with a very short turbinate base, the
segments tliinly scarious with a red centre, g-labrous in the upper half,
the lower halt*^ covered outside with a long- dense intricate white wool.
Filaments slender, nearly as long- as the perianth, united at the base in
a truncate ring-, slig-htly j)rominent from the perianth-tube ; anthers all
6 perfect (or one sometimes abortive ?). Fruit glabrous ; style rather
excentrical.

S. Australia. Flooded tracts of Wills' Creek, Hoicitfs Ejcpedition.

6. P. gomphrenoides, F. Muell. Frafim. vi. 233 (name only). Ap-
parently erect, slender, glabrous, slig-htly branched, our specimens 6 in.
long-, but not the whole plant. Leaves oblong--lanceolate, J to 1 in.
long-, contracted into a long- petiole. Spikes at leng-th cylindrical and
\ in. long-, the pink tips of the perianths just appearing- above the white
wool that envelops their base and the internal structure of the flowers
entirely as in P. Murrayi, except that the spikes are borne on slender
peduncles and the flowers perhaps a trifle larg-er.

N. Australia. Hammersley Range, N.W. coast, F. Gregorys Expedition. The
accompanyiiig label however in Herb. F. Muell. has evidently been bj some accident
rbiKplaced, for it indicates a " tree or shrub 18 in. to 2 ft. high."

7. P. latifolius, R. Br. App. Sturfs Exped. 25. Stems erect, much
branched, herbacoous (annual ? or from a thick rhizome ?) '' attaining
2 ffc." the branches and young- foliag'e covered with an intricate white
cottony wool, the older leaves becoming- g-labrous. Leaves obovate, very
obtuse, rather tliick, with slightly crisped margins, contracted into a
rather long- petiole, the larg-est leaves in the specimens scarcely 1 in.
long', the upper ones much smaller. Spikes nearly globular, fully h in.
diameter, numerous, sessile or shortly pedunculate, terminal or in the
upper axils, usually with one or two small herbaceous leaves close under
them. Bracts and bracteoles thinly scarious, white and shining-, very
broadly ovate or almost orbicular, ol)tuse, loose or spreading-, 2^ to 3 lines
long-. Perianth not 2 lines long-, the base a very sliort open disk, the
seg^ments with a narrow^ base densely clothed outside with long" woolly
hairs, g-labrous inside, the lamina or upper half ratlipr broader obtuse
(pink ?) and g-labrous. Stamens all perfect and nearly e(jual in the
flowers examined. Ovary glabrous. — F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 232.

S. Australia. Sand rldges, Wills' Creek, HowitVs ExjJedition. I have not seen
Sturf 8 specimens described by R. Brown.

8. P. macrotrichus, F. MvcU. Frarim. iv. 90, vi. 232. Erect and
branchiiig- with tlic lia])it nf P. latifoUus., 1 ft. hig'h or more, the branches
and foliag-e sprinkled with a few wooll}' hairs and sometimes almost
glabrous. Leaves on long pptioles, lanceolate or oblong, obtuse or acute,

Ptilotns.^ XCVII. AMARANTACE-S:. 246

rather thick, the lower ones above 1 in. long-, the upper ones smaller.
Spikes nearly giobular, fully \ in. diameter, numerous, sessile or shortly
peduncuhite, terniinal or in the uppor axils, with 1 or 2 small herbaceous
leaves close uniler them. Bracts and bracteoles thinly scarious, white
and shining-, very broadly ovate, obtuse, loose or spreading-, about 2
lines long". Perianth not 2 lines long-, the seginents free ahnost to the
base, the lower half oparpie and densely covered outside with long'
white silky-woolly liairs exceeding' the perianth, the upper half or
lamina obtuse scarious coloured and g'kibrous, the three inner ones
with a small fpumtity of wool inside below the middle. Stamens shoi't,
scarcely united at the base. Ovary g'hibrous.

\V. Australia, Drummond, Qth coll. n. 222 ; Sbarks Bay, M. Brown.

9. P. villosiflorus, F. Miiell. Fragm. iii. 125. A small slender
annual with erect or decunibent branches not above 3 in. hig-h in the
sing-le specimen known, the branches loosely woolly. Leaves small,
linear or hmceohite, obtuse, contracted into a long- petiole, g;hibrous or
slig'htly woolly. Spikes gdobular, numerous and sessile or nearly so as
in P. macrotrichus, but only \ in. diameter. Bracts and bracteoles as
long- as the periauth, and perianth-segments with long- silky-woolly
hairs on the lower half \vith the upper half or lamina g-labrous, all
entirely as in P. macrotrichus but scarcely above half the size.

N. Australia. Nichol Baj, F, Gregory^s Expedition. The single specimen may
be only a young starved and small-flowered state of P. macrotrichus.

10. P. humilis, F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 229. A small g-labrous annual,
branching- at the base, with several prostrate slender stems, usually
simple and 2 to 4 in. long-, but sometimes ascending- slig-htly branched
and attaining- at least 6 in. Leaves linear or linear-spathulate, obtuse
or the upper ones mucronate-acute, mostly about i in. long- besides the
petiole, which is long* in some specimens, very short in others. Spikes
at first ovate, at length oblong-, attaining- ftilly 1 in. in length and about
^ in. diameter, the central one usually sessile at the base of the stems,
the others terminal and sessile within tlie last leaves of the stems or
their branches. Bracts very thin and transparent, broadly ovate or or-
bicular, nearly as long- as the perianth. Perianth 2| to nearly 3 lines
long", the very short entire base or disk surrounded by a dense tuft of
long' articulate hairs sometimes as long* as the perianth ; segments
3-nerved in the lower half, the upper half or lamina scarious and rather
broad towards the top, all g-labrous or with very few hairs on the lower
half chieily marginal. Staminal cup very short, surrounded by woolly
hairs proceeding- from tlie base of the inner segments. Oviiry g-labrous.
— Trichinium humile, Xees in Pl. Preiss. i. 628; Mocj. in DC. Prod. xiii.
ii. 288 ; T. nanum, F. Muell. Frag-m. iii. 161.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 421 (or 427?); York district, Preiss, n. 1363;
Kalgan river, Oldfield ; N. of Stirling Eange, F. Mueller ; W. ov N.W. coast, Bynoe.

Var. parvijiora. Small and slender but brancbiiig, with several spikes niucb nar-
rower tban in tbe typical form, the periantii-segments iiot 2 lines long and broader
in proportion than in the type, with the opaque piuk centre extending higher up, and
the surrounding hairs sborter. — W' . Australi:i, Burgess.

246 xcvii. AMAnANTACE.-E. [Achyranthfs.

6. ACHYRANTHES, Linn.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-sep-ments _ 5, sHg-htly unequal,
hardened after llowering- and erect, enclosiug- tlie fruit, usually ghibrous.
Stamens 5, united in a cup at the hase, with as many small scales or
staminodiahetween them, Anthers 2-celled. Ovary uniovulate. Style
simple, with a capitate stigina. Fruit a membranous indehiscent utricle
enclosed in the perianth" Seed solitary. — Herbs. Leaves opposite.
Flowers g-reen and rigid or rarely scarious, reilexed, in terminal heads
or long spikes. Bracteoles subulate, rig-id and often spinescent.

The genus is widely distributed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the OIJ
World. The only Australiau species is a common weed over the whole range of the
genus.

1. A. aspera, Linn. ; Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 314. An erect or
spreading- anuual or hiennial, with a hard ahnost woody base and branch-
ing' stems of 2 or 3 ft., more or less hoarj^ as well as the foliag"e with a
soft pubescence. Leaves, shortly petiohite ovate, ovate-oblong- or ahnost
oblong-, obtuse or shortly acuminate and acute, usually 1 to 2 in. but
sometimes 3 in. long-. Flowers of a shining- green, in long- slender but
rigid terminal spikes. Perianth l^ to nearly 2 Unes long-, closely re-
flexed after ilowering-. Bracteoles rigidly subulate or spinescent (hut
not spreading' as in K>/ssa/itJu's), usually nearly as long' as the perianth,
hut variahle in length, dilated and scarious at the base. — Wig-ht, Ic. Ph
t. 1777 ; A. au^tralis, R. Br, Prod. 417 ; Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 313,

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Broivn ; Goulbum islands,
A. Cunni)i(]ham ; Victoria river, P. Mueller ; Escape Cliffs, Hulls; Nichol Bay, N.W,
coast, JUdleifs E.cpedition ; Port Darwin, Schidtz.

Queensland. Broad Sound, B. Brown ; Albany island, F. MiieUer ; Cape York,
Daemel ; Kockiiigham lia.y, Dallachy ; Rockhampton, a common weed, 0'/ilhanesy;
Nerkool Crcck, Bowman ; Moreton Bay, Leichhardt, F. Mueller.

N. S. TVales. Lord Howe's island, M'Gillivray, Mihie.

A. cancscens, R. Br. Prol. 417, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 312, is a more puhescent
or hoary-villous variety, with thicker ieaves and rather larger perianths, passing very
gradually into the commoner forms ; the most markod specimeus are Brown'8 from the
Carpentaria islands and F. Muellers from Victoria river.

A. argentea, Lam.; Jloq. l.c. 315, is auother variety or form only to be distinguished
from the comnion one by the more acuminate leaves, but is not generally so common or
so well marked in Australia as in Africa and in S. Europe. Some specimens, however,
such as tho.se of Schultz's from Port Darwin, are quite characteristic.

7. NYSSANTHES, R. Br.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-seginents 4, of which 2 upper
ones snuiller, all hardened after Howering" and erect, enclosing' the Iruit,
all or the 2 outer ones more or less spinescent. Stamens 2 or 4, united
in a cup at the base, with as manj^ short scales or staminodia between
them. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary uniovulate. Style with a capitate
stig-ma. Fruit a membranous indehiscent utricle, enclosed in the
perianth. Secd soHtary. — Herbs, Leaves opposite, Flowers green

K^SSantheS.] XCVII. AMARANTACEiE. 247

and rig-i(l, very spreading or reflexed after flowering, in sessile head-
like spikes or clusters, tlie bracts and bracteoles spinescent and very
spreading-.

The genus is limited to Australia, differing slightly from Achyranthes in its inflo-
rescence, spreading bracts and constantly 4-merous flowers.

Stamens 4 1. N. erecta.

Stamens 2 2. N. diffusa.

1. N". erecta, 7?. Br. Prod. 418. Erect and probably 2 ft. high or
more, the upper flowering- portion with spreading- opposite dichotomous
branches, the whole phint more or less pubescent with soft appressed
hairs. Leaves elHptical-oblong- or ahuost hmceolate, mostly acute, con-
tracted into a short petiole, those on the main stem and tlie lower floral
ones 1 to 3 in. long-, the upper floral oues very smalL Flowers in dense
clusters or short spikes sessile in the upper axils and forks of the panicle,
each flower sessile within a spinescent bract shortly dilated and scarious
at the base, and 2 similar but smaller bracteoles very divaricate on the
fruiting- perianth. Perianth with 2 outer segments about 1| Hnes long
but unequal, hairy, lanceolate, tapering- into a rigid spinescent point,
with 2 or 3 more or less conspicuous nerves on each side of the promi-
nent midrib, the 2 inner ones smaHer glabrous and scarcely nerved.
Stamens 4, the filaments short, the intervening- scales or staminodia
broad, truncate, about half as long- as the fllaments. Fruit nearly
g-lobuhxr, about f Hne long-, membranous except the depressed summit
which is harder. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 309.

Queensland, Bou-man; Dawson and Brisbane rivers, F. Mueller.
N. S. Wales. Nepean river, B. Brown; New England, G. Stuart.

I bave seen but few specimens. The perianths are usually but not always more
thickened at the base aud reflexed Ihan iu N. dlffusa. The spinescent biacts and
summits of the perianth-segments are very variable in length and relative proportions,
but they are usually, especially the bracteoles, shorter than in N. dlffusa. The dif-
ference in the stamens appears to be constant.

2. N. di£fusa, R. Br. Prod. 418. An annual or biennial closely aHied
to N. erccta, but usuaHy more branched from the base, more slender,
and the parts smaller. Stems attaining- 1 to 3 i^-., the gTeater portion
consisting- of a broad leaf\^ panicle, tlie branches dichotomous or the
lower ones trichotomous. Leaves ovate or oblong", obtuse or acute,
rarely much above 1 in. and mostly small. Spikes or clusters of flowers
very short, in the axils and in the forks of the panicle, the flowers
usually smaller than in N. erecta, but the seg-ments as well as the bracts
and bracteoles even more variable in size and relative proportions than
in that species ; sometimes all three bracts are subulate almost from the
base and 3 to 4 lines long-, more frequently the bracteoles are much
shorter, but all three very divaricate ; one of the outer perianth-seg--
ments usually long-, the other much shorter, both spinescent, tlie inner
ones lanceolate and tapering" into a shorter spine. Stamens always 2
only, with short broad truncate scales or staminodia between them. —

248 xcvii. AMARANTACE.E. [Nyssanthes.

Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 308 ; N. media, R. Br. Prod. 418 ; Moq. l.c.
309.

Queensland. Shoalwnter Bay, i?. Broivn ; P.risbane river, F. Mueller; Rock-
liaiiipton, >Sutlierland, 0' Shanesy ; Nerkool Creck, Buicman.

Iff. S. Wales. rort Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Leichhardt and
others ; Clarence river, Beckler.

N. media, Br., appears to me to be rather a luxuriant state than a variety of N.
diffusa.

8. ALTERNANTHERA, R. Br.

(Telanthera, Moq.)

Flowers hermaphrodite. Periantli divided to tlie base into 5 seginents,
all equal or the oiiter ones larger, ovate or lanceolate, scarious and
coloured (usually wliite) j>'hibrous or with long woolly hairs at the base.
Stamens united at the base into a short exceedingly thin cup ; fihunents
short with or without intervening- teeth or lobes, unequal, 2 or 3 5f
them often witliout anthers and reduced to short teeth. Antliers small.
Ovary uniovulate ; style short sometimes scarcely any, with a capitate
stig-ma. Fruit an indehiscent utricle usually compressed. Seed vertical.
— Annual or perennial herbs, mostly prostrate, giabrous or softly hairy.
Leaves opposite. Flowers small, in axillary sessile or peduncuhite spikes
(very rarely also terminal), usually short or oblong-. Bracts and brac-
teoles scarious.

The genus is widely spread over tlie warmer regions ot' both the New and the Old
World, including three of our common tropical weeds. Of the Australian species one
is a common one in tropical Asia and Africa, another is closely allied to but perhaps
not quite identical with a still more generally diffused species, the remaining si.x appear
to be endemic, but tlie circnmscription of the species as well as of the genus itself re-
quires much further investigation. Moquin attributes to the whole genus (including
Telanthera) 5 stamens with intervening stamiuodia (teeth or lobes of the staminal cup).
In those species which he refers to Alternanthera proper, I can see no trace of these
staminodia unless we consider as such the two or three out of the five filaments which
are often reduced to small teeth. The extreme tenuity of the staniinal cup renders it
exceedingly difficult to ascertain its form, unlebS examined in the bud before the enlarge-
nient of the ovary.

Staminal cup without teeth between the filaments.
Perianth perfectly glabrous.

Plant ghibrous or slightiy pubescent at the nodes or in two de-
current lines. Leaves narrow.
Perianth-scgments and bracteoles (above l^ lines long) with
fine points. Spikes at length several together in dense

giobular clusters 1. ^l. nodijlora.

Perianth-segnients and bracteoles (1 line long or under)
broad with short poinis. Spikes small, at lengfh cylin-

drical and scarceiy clustered 2. A. denticulata.

Plant more or iess liairy or rarely glabrous. Leaves mostly

broad. Ilhachis of tiie spike woolly Z. A. nana.

Perianth-sogments enveloped in long woolly liairs procccding froTn
the base (often concealed in the young spike i)y the bracteoles).
Bracteolcs shorter than tlie periantli. 1'erianth-segments all

equal (about 1 line long) and glabrous inside 4. A. angusti/olia.

Altcnianthfra.\ XCVII. AMARANTACEiE. 249

Bracteoles as long as tlie perianth. Perianth-segments 1 4 to 2
lines long, the inner ones smallcr and woolly inside at the
base.
Spikes all axillary, ovoid. Bracteoles and perianth-seg-

ments very acute Anthers 5 . . . b. A. decipiens.

Spikes terminal and axillary, globular. Bracteoles and peri-

anth-segments scarcely mucroiiate. Anthers usually 3 . . 6. A . polycephala.
Staminal cup with prominent teeth or lobcs between the fdameiits.
Perianth-segments hairy on the back to above the middle. Leaves
linear.
Spikes axilhiry, shortly pedunculate, ovoid. Lobes of the staminal

cup much shorter than the filaments 7. A. leptophylla.

Spikes on long peduncles, globular. Lobes of the staniinal cup

rather longer than the tilaments 8. ^4. longlpes.

1. A. nodiflora, i?. Br. Prod. 417. Stems prostrate, decumbent or
ascending-, 6 in. to 1 or even 2 ft. long-, g-lal)rous or sliglitly pubescent
in decurrcnt lines. Leaves linear or lanceolate, shortly contracted at
tlie base, 1 to 2 in. long-. Spikes g-lobular, about 4 lines diameter when
fully out, but often clustered many together into dense g-lobular masses
sometimes above 1 in. diameter, interspersed with a few small floral
leaves. Bracts, bracteoles and perianth-segments narrow, acuminate
with fine points, usually about 1| Hnes long- or rather more. Stamens
very short (about ^ line), the filaments unequal, dihited at the base and
united into a minute open cup, 2 or 3 bearing anthers, the others re-
duced to small teeth. Style distinct thoug-h very short. Utricle not
half as long- as the perianth, much compressed, broad, deeply notched
with obtuse thickened margins. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 356.

JT. Australia. Sturfs Creek, i^. llueller ; Victoria river, Flood ; in the interior,
M'Douall Stua)-fs Expedition ; Albert river, Henne.

Queensland. Broad Sound, M. Brown; Armadilla, Barton; in the inteiior,
3Iitchell.

N. S. Wales. Gwydir river, Leichhardt; New England, C. Stuart ; Ballandool
river, Locher ; Murray and Darling desert, F. Mueller, Victorian Expedition.

Victoria. Murray river, F. Mueller ; Skipton, Whan.

S. Australia. S. of Wills' Creek, HowitVs Expedition.

TV. Australia. Drummond, n. 220.

The species appears to be widely spread over E. India aiid Africa, but is not always
easy to distinguish from A. denticulata, A. sessilis, and perliaps some others. The
Austrah"an speciniens when first in flower are very much like tliose of A . denticvlata.
VVhen fully developed the perianths and bracts are much longer and moie acuminate,
the fruit shorter in proportion and broader than in A. denticulata, and the notch,
although variable, usually much deeper.

2. A. denticulata, B. Br. Prod. 417. Stems prostrate, creeping-
and rooting" at the lower nodes, often extending- to 2 or 3 ft. and shortly
ascending", glabrous or minutely pubescent in decurrent hnes. Leaves
linear or Hnear-lanceolate, obtuse or mucronate, shortly contracted at
the base, mostly | to 1| in. long-. Spikes globular or at length ovoid
or oblong-, about \ in. diameter, closely sessile in the axils and some-
times 2 or 3 tog-ether but not so densely clustered as in A. nodijiora,
usually quite g-labrous. Perianth-segments under 1 hne long", very
acute thoug-h shorter pointed than in A. nodijiora. Stamens and style

250 XCVII. AMAHANTACE^. [Altcrnanthtra.

entirelv of tbat species. Utricle sliorter tlian the perianth ; compressed
and broadly obcordate or truncate, but long-er in proportion and less
notched tban in A. nod{fiora, sborter iu proportion tban in A. sessilis. —
Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 35C ; Illccchrum dvnticulutum, Spreng-. Syst.
i. 820 ; A. sessilis, Br. var. Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 310.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Brown; Fort Denison, Fitzalan ; Kockliampton,
0',S/(a/ieni/ ; (_!ilbert river, Daintree; Armadilla, Barton; Darling Downs, Lau.

N. S. Wales. Hunter's river, ^l. Cunningham ; Clarence river, Beckler.

Victoria. Knm Creek, Whan.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown ; near Launceston, Gunn.

Sometimes very tlifficult to distinguisli from A. nodiflora, especially when first coniing
into flower, anJ on the otlier hanJ very near some varieties of the wiJelydistributed
A. sessilis, Br., with which J. D. Hooker, perhaps not incorrectly, unites it. In general
it difiiers slightly in the narrower leaves, glabrous spikes, morc acute flowers and shorter
utricles.

Var. ? micrantha. Smaller anJ more slenJer anJ sometimes slightly pubescent.
Leaves linear, 4 to 1 in. long. Spikes Lj lines Jiameter, witli a few hairs on the rliachis.
Periantli-segments 5 to | line hmg, scarceiy mucronate, the flowers very deciduous,
leaving the bracts persistent.

N. Australia. Arnhem's LanJ, F. Mueller.

3. A. nana, R.Br. Prod. 417. Stems prostrate or ascending", loosely
pubescent as well as tbe foHag-e, and often woolly at tbe nodes. Leaves
oblong' h^nceolate or ahuost Hnear, obtuse or acute, tapering- at the
base and sbortly petiohite, | to l^ in. long- or in tbe broader leaved
specimens under | in. Spikes sessile in tbe axils, about \ in. diameter,
at first depressed-giobular but at lengtb ovoid or sbortly cylindrical, 4
to 5 Unes long- and very sbining-, tbe rhachis Avoolly, Perianth-
seg-ments oblong- or lanceohite witb a small point, thickened and hard-
ened at the base wben in ft"uit, 1;^ to above \h Hnes long-, ghibrous as
■well as the short bracts and bracteoles. Stamens very short, the fihi-
ments fiHform or sHg-btly dihited at tbe base, usuaHy 3 bearing- anthers
and 2 reduced to smaH teeth. Utricle scarcely half so long- as the
perianth. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 360 ; Illecehrum nanum, Spreng*.
Syst. i. 819.

N. Australia. Nicholson river anJ Sturfs Creek, F. Mueller.

Queensland. BroaJ SounJ, R. Broici; Brisbane river, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. "NearMr. Scotfs anJ everywhere in tlie Jry bcd of the river,"
Leichhardt; New EnglauJ, C. Stuart; BallanJool river, Loclihardt.

Var. major. Larger anJ more hairy, leaves longer, perianth-segments acute. — Rock-
hampton, Q^SIianesy.

The species is very variable, especially aa to the size of the flowers, anJ some speci-
mens come very near some forms of A. sessilis, but always withtthe utricle much shorter
in proportion to the perianth. Brown's specimens as well as some of F. Mueller's and
of J.eicliharJfs liave the flowers much smaller than in the oLhers.

4. A. angustifolia, R. Br. Prod. 417, lut not of Moq. Prostrate,
glabrous or sHghtly boary-pubescent. Leaves Hnear in the typical
form, above 1 in. loug and much like thDse of A. denticnlata or even
narrower. Spikes sessile, soHtar}^ or rarely clustered, seldom above \
in. (Hameter and mostly smaller and very short, the rhacbis more or
less woolly. Bracts very acute, gdabrous, shorter than tbe perianth.

Altcrnanthcra.] XCVII. AMARANTACE^. 261

Perianth-seg-ments lanceolate, acute, 1 line long- or a little niore, with
long- woolly hairs outside ; the inner ones narrower than the outer.
Filaments short, only 3 bearing- anthers, all dihited at the base. Stignia
capitate, sessile in the flowers examined. — Illcctbruni an^iustijbrnun,
Spreng-. Syst. i. 818.

N. Australia. Islandsofthe Gulfof Carpentaria, II. Brown; Sturt's Creek, F.
3Iutiler.

Var. lanata. More wooUy. Leaves narrow-oblong, under § in. long. Spikes more
woolly. — Arnhem's Lanil, I^. Mueller.

5. A. decipiens, Bcnth. Apparently a small annual, the specimens
under (3 in., branching' and softly hirsute. Leaves ovate or ovate-
lanceohite, rather acute, contraeted into a rather long- petiole. Spikes
numerous, axilhiry, closely sessile, ovoid and about \ in. long- in the
specimens seen but still very young-. Bracteoles 2 lines long-, narrow
and tapering- into a fine point. Perianth of A. polyccphala, but the
seg'ments narrower and tapering" into fine points. Stamens all 5 per-
fect in the specimens examined. Ovary oi A. polyccphula.

Queensland? Subtropical Australia, Mitchell {Herh. HooJc.).

This may possibly prove to be a variety of A. polycephala, but the long points to the
bracteoles and perianth-segments give it the aspect of the A. achyrantha, Br., from
which however it differs in the long hairs enveloping the perianth and other characters.

6. A. polycephala, Bcnth. A very much branched annual of 6 in.
to Ift., the stems and foHag'e pubescent, or woolly when young-. Leaves
lanceolate, contracted into a petiole, rarely above h, in. long". Spikes
globular or ovoid, 4 to 5 lines diameter, sessile, axillary and terminal, so
numerous as at leng-th almost to conceal the leaves, the shining- bracts
at first, and later the wool very conspicuoi;s ; the rhachis woolly. Brac-
teoles g-labrous, ovate, obtuse or slig-htly mucronate, as long- as the
perianth. Perianth enveloped in long- silky-woolly hairs proceeding-
from its base, 1| to 2 hnes long-, tliin and transparent with the centre
of the lower half of the seg"ments opaque, the 3 inner seg'ments smaller
with long- woolly hairs inside at the base. Fihiments slender, united
at the base into a very short cup partialh^ adnate to the perianth, only
3 of them antheriferous as far as I coukl ascertain. Style about half as
long" as the ovary, with a capitate stig-ma. Utricle shorter than the
perianth, compressed but rounded at the top and not notched. — A. an-
gustifoUa, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 354:, not of R. Br.

N. Australia. Greville island, Eegent's harbour, N.W. Coast, Bynoe. — The
flowers are far advanced in the specimens, and 1 liad great difficnlty in ascertaining the
structure of the staminal apparatus owing to its extreme tenuity and to the copioua
wool in which it is enveloped, but 1 believe the above accouut of it to be correct.

?. A. leptophylla, Bcnth. Stems slig-htly bifariously pubescent.
Leaves narrow-linear, giabrous. Spikes ovoid (probably at length
cylindrical) very shortly pedunculate in the axils, aljout \ in. diameter,
the rhachis sHghtly woolly. Bracteoles obtuse, giabrous, nearly as long-
as the perianth, the bracts shorter. Perianth 1 to l^ Hnes long-, the
seg-ments with long- woolly hairs on the back, and short glabrous obtuse

252 XCVii. AMAHANTACE^. [Altemanthera.

white tips, all g-labrous inside, the inner ones rather smaller. Filaments
filiform, united in a short cup, all antheriferous, and alternatino; with
short broad scale-like truncate or jag-ged teeth or lobes. Style long-er
than the ovary, with a capitate stig-ma. Utricle compressed but not
notched.

N. Australia. Sturfs Creek, F. Mueller ; a single small specimen in Herb.
F. Mueller.

8. ? A. longipes, Benth. An annual with slender erect slig-htly
branched glabrous stems of about 1 ft. Leaves sessile, linear, acute,
contracted at the base, slightly hairy, 1-| to 2 in. long-, the younger
ones hoarv-villous. Spikes g-lobuhir," about 4 lines diameter, solitary on
fiHform rigid ])edunoles of 1 to 2 in. Bracteoles ovate, acuminate, g'la-
brous, liyaHne, nearly as long- as tlie perianth, bracts rather shorter.
Perianth' 1 \ Hnes long, enveloped at the base in long- llexuose hairs, the
segTnents linear-lanceolate, acute, g-reen in the centre, white on the
margin. Filaments linear-subulate, alternatin^ with subulate Hgulate
staminodia, rather long-er than them and entire or jag-g-ed. — Telantliera
lonf/ipes, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 370.

N. Australia. N.W. Coast, Bynoe. — I have not seen the specimens, nor does it
appear in what herbarium Moquin examined them. I have taken the above from his
character and description.

9. GOMPHRENA, Linn.
(Philoxerus, R. Br.)

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth divided to the base into 5 seg"-
ments, all equal or the outer ones rather larger, linear, scarious and
coloured with the centre g-reen at least at the base, woolly outside be-
low the middlc or g-labrous. Stamens united at the base in a long- or
short tube, tlie free part of the filaments short, with or without inter-
vening- teeth or scale-like lobes ; anthers 1-celled. Ovary uniovulate ;
style short or filiform, with 2 short, often minute, Hnear stig-matic lobes.
Fruit an indehiscent utricle. Seed vertical. — Annual or perennial herbs,
glabrous or with more or less of soft woolly hairs. Leaves opposite.
Flowers in terminal or rarely axillary spikes usually dense, either
shortened into g"lobular or hemispherical heads or more or less
leng-thened ovoid-oblong- or cylindrical. Bracts and bracteoles scarious,
g-labrous, the bracteoles more or less compHcate and keeled. Ovary
g-labrous.

The genus coniprises a considerable number of species, the extra-Aiistralian ones all
from the warnier regions of America, one of which, of early cultivation in gardens, is
now a comnion weed in E. India. The Anstralian species appear to be all endemic.

The (.ircumscrii)tion of the gcnus is iu a very nnsatisfactory s-tate. If Moquin's
technical charactcrs wcre strictly followed, tlic Au-tralian sjiecies wonld be distributed
among at least four of his gencra. It appcars to nie, however, that the presence or
abscnce of tlie teetli or lobes of tlie staminal tube between the filann^nts is of no more
value here than in the case of Tricuiniuiii, and 1 have followed Brown indistinguishing
Gomphrena from AUernanthera chiefly by the 2-Iobed stigma. Moreover, the short-
ness of the staminal tubc, by wdiich Brown reparated Philorerui, can scarcely liold if

Cromphrena.] xcvii. amarantaceje. 253

G. lanata, Br. {G. Broicnil, Moq.) is to be retained in Gomphrena, and is at the best
rather a sectional than a generic character.

Staminai tube longer than the ovary. Spikes globular or ovoid,
usiially largc. Filaiuents llat. Leaves iinear.
Staniinal tuLe with tilironii teeth between the filaments. Spikes

globular. Perianthsegments acute. Annual \. G. canescens.

Staminal tube without teetli or lobes between the filaments.
Annual of 1 to 2 f't. Spikes at length ovoid or oblong. Peri-

antli-segments obtuse 2. G.jlaccida.

Annual unJer 1 ft. Spikes hemispherical or giobular. Peri-

anth-segments acute 3. (?. affinis.

Perennial under 1 ft. Spikes hemispherical or globular.

Perianth-segments rather obtuse A. G. humUis.

Staminal tube shorter than the ovary. Spikes rarely above i in.
diameter.
Spikes hemispherical or globular. Perianth very woolly outside
below the middle.
Staminal tube witli teeth or lobes between the filaments.

Leaves linear. Bracts much shorter than the bracteoles . 5. G. Brovmii.
Leaves lanceolate. Bracts nearly as long as the bracteoles 6. G. brachystylis.
Stamiiial tube without teeth or lobes between the filaments.
Leaves broadly lanceolate. Filaments with a minute tooth

at the top on each side 1 . G. leptoclada.

Leaves narrow-lancenlate. Filaments filiform at the top
without lateral teeth.
Spikes ^ in. diameter or more. Periantli woolly to above

the middie. Bracteoles shorter than the perianth . . 8. G. Maitlandi.
Spikes 4 to .5 iines diameter. Perianth woolly onlj' be-

low the middie. Bracteoles longer than the perianth 9. G. pusilla.
Leaves filiform. Spikes and periantli of G. pusilla . . 10. G. tenella.
Spikes ovoid or oblong-cylindrical. Perianth woolly below the
middle.
Spikes 5 lines diameter. Leaves all linear. Filaments broad

and 2- or 3-toothed at the end 11. G.conica.

Spikes 3 or 4 liiies diameter, densely crowded with broadly-

lanceolate tloral ieaves. Filaments tapering at the end . 12. G.conferta.
Spikes at length narrow-cylindrical. Perianth smail, quite
giabrous.

Leaves hairy, lanceolate or oblong 13. G. diffusa.

Leaves glabrous or nearly so, narrow-Iinear 14. G . parviflora.

1. G. canescens, H. Br. Prod. 416. An erect more or less branch-
ing- annunl, usually stout and hard, 1 to nearly 2 ft. hig-h, more or less
hoary with long- soft hairs, the okler parts rarely g"labrous. Leaves
linear or linear-hinceohite, acute, the hirg-er ones 2 to 3 in. long-, the
marg-ins usually recurved. Spikes g-lobular, sessile between the last
leaves, about 1 in. diameter, the rhachis thick, ovoid or g-lobular, woolly.
Bracts and bracteoles thinh^ scarious, hinceoLate, acute, about 3 lines
long". Perianth-seg"ments about 5 hnes long-, narrow, acute, l-nerved,
slig'htly woolly on the back below tlie middle, g-labrous inside. Filaments
united in a tube variable in length but always much long-er than the
ovary, the free portion short, Hattened, with intervening- filiform teeth
or lobes, sometimes as long- as the anthers, but often shorter. Style
filiform. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 398 ; Philoxerus cafwsccns, Poir.
Dict. Suppl. iv. 393.

N. AuBtralia. Mainland of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Broxm, Henne ; Depuech

254 xcvii, AMARANTACEiE. [Gotnphrena.

island, N.W. coast, Bi/noe; Nicliol Bay, Cregory^s and Ridley'' s Expeditiova ; 'Viciana,
river aiid S;tiut',s Ciock, F, JhuUer; tJoulbuni islands, A. Cunningham; Port Daiwin
and soveral othor points along tlie coast, Schultz and others ; Attack Creek in the in-
terior, M'JJounll Stiiarfs E.ipedition.

2. G. flaccida, 7?. Br. Prod. 416. An erect annual of 1 to 1| ft.,
sim])le or branchcd, usually more slender tlian G. ca/icscms, but some-
times as stout, the young- parts woolly, becoming- at length nearly
g-hil)rous. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 1 to 2 in. or rarely long-er,
those under tlie spike much smaller. Spikes at first g-lobular but soon
becoming- ovoid, solitary or 2 or 3 in a close chtster at the ends of the
branches, about | in. diameter and sometimes at leng'th nearly 1 in. long-,
the rhachis woolly. Bracts 2| to 3 lines long-, the bracteoles much com-
])licate and keeled. Perianth about 4 lines long-, much flattened wlien
old, the seg'ments rather obtuse, slig-htly woolly outside near the base.
Staminal tiibe varying- in length as in G. cancscens, and always long-er
than the ovary, the filaments shortly free and flattened but without the
intervening- teeth of that species. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 398 ;
Philoj.'cnis Jfaccidus, Foir. Dict. Suppl. iv. 392; G. Jirma, F. Muell.
Fragm. iii. 123.

N. Australia. Arnhem N. Bay, B. Broivn ; Regenfs river and Cambridge Gulf,
N.W. coast, ^l. Cunningham; Usborne harbour, Voijage of the Beag'e; Victoria river,
Bi/noe, F. Mueller ; Glenelg river, Ilartin; Port Essington, Armstrong ; Port Darwin,
Scliultz.

Queensland. Cape York, Daemel.

The filaments are often broad and sometimes irregularly jagged or toothed towards
the end, but different in different flowers of the same specimen, and not regularly
3-toothed as describcd by Moquin in the genus generally, and iu this and other species
specially.

3. G. affinis, F. Mucll. Hcrh. An erect rig-id much-branched annual,
under 1 ft. high, hoary with silky-woolly hairs. Leaves linear or linear-
lanceolate, with recurved margins, | to l^ in. long-. Spikes sessile
within the last pair of leaves, hemispherical or at length globular, | in.
diameter or rather more. Bracts and bracteoles very acute or almost
aristate, nearly as long- as the perianth. Perianth-seg-ments acute, 4 to
5 lines long-, very woolly to above the niiddle. Staminal tube long-er
than the ovary, the filaments broad, obtuse or truncate, with the anther
on a minute central tooth, without any teeth between the filaments.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller.

4. G. humilis, i?. Pr. Prod. 416. A perennial, with a woody stock
oftcn bearing; tufts of wool, the stems erect, branching-, 6 to 9 in. hig-h,
g'labrous as well as the foliage or with a few silky-woolly hairs, espe-
cially about the nodes. Leaves narrow-linear, mostly 1 to 1| in. long-,
witli smaller ones often clustered in the axils. Spikes depressed, almost
hemispherical, ^ to 1 in. diameter, mostly pedunculate above the last
leaves, or rarely with a pair of small leaves close under them, the
rhachis woolly. Bracts and bracteoles glabrous, very thin and trans-
parent, finely 1-nerved, the bracteoles usually about 2 lines long", broad
and rather obtuse, the bracts smaller narrower and more acute, but both

Gomphrena.] xcvii. amarantace^. 255

variable. Perianth-seg-ments 3 to 4 lines long-, pink, rather broad,
obtuse or scarcely acnte, woolly outside to above the middle. Staminal
tube long-er than the ovary, usually bearing' a few woolly hairs outside,
the fihiments lanceokite, acuuiinate, broad or narrow, without inter-
veuing- teeth. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 418 ; Fhiloxerus humiUs, Poir.
Dict. Sui)])!. iv. 39*3.

N. Australia. Albert river, Henne.

Queeusland. Broad Sound, II. Broicn ; Port Deiiison, Fitzalan ; Suttor and
Bowen rivers, Bowman.

5. G. Brownii, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 397. An erect branching-
annual of 0 to 9 in., hoary with rather long" silky or woolly hairs.
Leaves linear, mostly f to 1 in. long-, acute and soft. Spikes g'lobuUir
or depressed, 4 to 5 lines diameter, sessile or very shortly peduncuhite
within the last leaves, or pedunculate in the upper axils without floral
leaves. Bracteoles transparent, rather broad, acute, as long* as the
perianth or rather long-er, the bracts much shorter. Perianth-seg-ments
scarcely 1| Hnes long-, acute, with a narrow opaque centre, densely
woolly outside with long- hairs. Staminal tube not long-er than the
ovary thoug-h not much shorter, the fihiments short, with oblong- or
lanceolate entire or denticulate teeth or lobes between them as long- as
the anthers. — G. lanata, R. Br. Prod. 416, not of Poir; Philoxerus
lanatus, Poir. Dict. SuppL iv. 392 ; Alternanthera Baueri, Mocp in DC.
Prod. xiii. ii. 354.

N. Australia. Islands of tbe Giilf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.
Queensland. Suttor river, Bowman.

6. G. brachystylis, F. Murll. Frar/m. iii. 124. Stems branching,
above 1 ft. long-, clothed as well as the foliag-e with soft woolly hairs.
Leaves sessile, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, soft, the marg-ins
undulate or flat and not recurved, |^ to 1 in. long". Spikes g-lobular,
about ^ in. diameter, sessile between the last leaves or here and there
on long- peduncles without floral leaves. Bracteoles mucronate-acute,
rather long-er than the perianth ; bracts but little shorter. Perianth-
seg-ments 2 to 2| lines long-, densely covered outside with long- woolly
hairs, the g-labrous tips very pale pink. Staminal tube shorter than the
ovary, the filaments flat but narrow, acuminate, with long- anthers ; the
intervening- teeth or lobes as long- as the filaments but broader and den-
ticulate at the end. Style rather short.

N. Australia. Hooker's Creek, F. Mueller.

7. G. leptoclada, Bcyith. A slender much-branched annual, of 6 in.
to 1 ft., the young- plants densely clothed with white woolly hairs, the
older stems glabrous ancl red. Leaves sessile, broadly or narrow lan-
ceolate, acute, g-reen above with rather long; straig'ht hairs, white
underneath with woolly hairs, the lower ones ^ to 1 in. long-, the upper
ones smaller. Spikes globuhir or depressed, 4 to 5 lines diameter,
sessile between the last pair of leaves or here and there on long- pedun-
cles without floral leaves. Bracteolcs white, very acute, about as long'

266 xcvii, AMARANTACE^. [Gomphrena.

as the perianth, the Ijracts rather shortcr. Perianth-segTnents scarcely
2 Hnes lono-, with long- woolly hairs outside at the base, the upper half
e-labrous and brig-ht pink. Staminal tube shorter than the ovary, the
filanients rather broad, niinutely ;3-toothed at the apex, the anther borne
on the rather L^irger central tooth ; no teeth or lobes to the tube between
the fihiments. Style short.

N. Australia. Glenelg district, N.W. coast, Martin.

8. G. Maitlandi, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 124. t. 23. An erect branch-
in"' annual of about 6 in., more or less woolly, the older leaves nearly
ghibrous. Leaves lanceolate or narrow-oblong-, obtuse or acute, con-
tracted at the base and sometimes shortly petiolate, \ tQ \\ in. long.
Spikes depressed-globular, \ to nearly | in. diameter, sessile or shortlv
peduncuhite above the last leaves. Bracts and bracteolos rather broad,
very acute, nearly as long as the perianth. Perianth-segments about
2 lines long, acute, rather unequal, densely clothed outside to above
tlie middle with long woolly white or ferruginous hairs. Staminal tube
shorter than the ovary, witliout teeth or lobes between the filaments. —
Iresvic Cuniunghamii, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 342.

N. Australia. Daiiipier'8 Archipelago, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham ; Pyramid
hill, Nichol Bay, F. Gregorys Expedition.

9. G. pusilla, Benth. A slender branching annual, under 6 in.
high, with tlie loose wool, linear-lanceolate leaves and globular sessile
spikes 4 to 5 lines in diameter of G. Brownii. Bracteoles acute, longer
than the perianth, bracts rather shorter. Perianth-segments scarcely
above l^ lines long, wooUy outside below the middle, the upper half
scarious^and white, the outer ones ver}- obtuse, the inner ones narrower.
Staminal tube very short and truncate, the filaments slightly dihited,
not toothed at the end, and without intervening teeth or lobes.

N. Australia. Foul Point, N.W. coast, Voyage of the Beagle.

10. G. tenella, Benth. A very slender branching annual of \ to
1 ft., glabrous or slightly woolly under the spikes. Leaves fiHform,
acute, 1 to 2 in. long. Spikes globular, 4 to 5 lines diameter, on
slender peduncles. Bracteoles acute, about as long as the perianth,
bracts short;pr. Perianth-segments 1| hnes long, with long woolly
hairs outside near the base, the upper half glabrous Avhite and scarious,
the green centres reaching to about | of the segment, the inner segments
smaller and narrower. Staminal tube or cup very short ; truncate, the
filaments rather short, scarcely dilated, without intervening teeth or
lobes. Style very short. — Iresine tencllu, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 343.

N. Australia. Cygnet Bay, A. Cunningham; Foul Point, N.W. coast, Voyage
of the Beagle.

11. G. conica, Sprcng. Syst. i. 824. An erect branching annual of
1 to 1| ft. with the aspect of G.^fiaccida, slightly hoary woolly or gla-
brous. Leaves Hnear, with recurved margins, 1 to 2 in. long. Spikes
at first ovoidj at length cylindrical, about 5 lines diameter and attain-

Gomphrena.] xcvii, amarantacea'. 257

ing- nearly 1 in. in leng-th, pedunculate and solitary, or (in R. Brown's
specimens) frequently in clusters of 2 or 3 and more conical. Bracts
and bracteoles acute, scarcely half as long- as the perianth. Perianth-
seg-ments '2h to 3 lines long-, covered outside with long- dense wool, with
white obtuse g'labrous tips. Staminal tube or cup shorter than the
ovary; filaments broad, 2-toothed with the anther sessile between the
teeth, without intervenin^ lobes or teeth to the cup. Style short. —
Philoxenis conici/s, R. Br. Frod. 410; Ireslne conica, Moq. in DC. Prod.
xiii. ii. 342 ; Gomphrena hrcvijiora, F. Muell. Frag-m. iii. 125.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carperitana, R. Broivn ; Upper Victoria
river auJ Stcrt's Creek, I^. 3Iaeller ; Lara station, Kennechj.

12. G. conferta, Benth. Erect hard stout and probably tall, but
apparently annual, the specimens very imperfect, the branches bearing-
a few wdiite woolly hairs and hnear or linear-lanceohxte leaves of 1 to 2
in. Spikes ovoid or cylindrical, 3 to 4 Hnes diameter and some of
them above ^ in. long-, sessile and crowded on very short axillary
branchlets and surrounded by broadly lanceolate herbaceous softly
villous floral leaves about as long* as the spikes. Bracteoles very broad
and obtuse, rather long-er than the perianth ; bracts shorter and more
acute. Perianth-segments scarcely Ih hnes long-, woolly outside to
above the middle, the g'h\brous white tips very obtuse in the outer ones,
less so and narrower in the inner. Staminal tube short; filaments
dilated at the base, acuminate, without intervening- teeth or lobes.
Style short. — Iresine macrocephala, Moq. iu DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 342,

N. Australia ? Victoria river ? Bynoe.
Queensland. Cape Fliuders, A, Cunningham.

13. G. diflFusa, Sprenfj. Sf/st. i. 824. Stems from a perennial often
woody stock procumbent, branching-, slender, 1 to 2 ft. long-, the
branches and fohag-e softly pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, acute, con-
tracted into a very short petiole, | to 1 in. long-. Spikes axillary,
shortly peduncuh^te, at first ovoid or oblong- but lengthening- to J or |
in. and not -j in. diameter, the rhachis pubescent. Bracts and brac-
teoles obtuse, as long- as the perianth, the bracteoles broad and readily
splitting-. Perianth-segments about 1 hne long-, quite gdabrous, obtuse,
scarious with a narrow opaque centre not reaching- either to the sum-
mit or to the base. Staminal tube rather shorter than the ovary ;
filaments short, much dihited, tapering- to a point, without intervening'
teeth or lobes. — Philoxerus diffusus, R. Br. Prod. 41(j ; Ircsine Brownti,
Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 341.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown.
This and the fonowing species have the habit almost as much of Alternanthera as of
Gomphrena, but the style is decidedly lobed.

14. Gr. parviflora, Benth. Stems lono- and slender, probably
dilfuse, turning- red, the whole plant quite glabrous or with a few long-
hairs on the young- shoots. Leaves sessile, linear or linear-lanceolate,
acute, with recurved marg-ins, A to 1 in. long-. Spikes pedunculate,

VOL. V. s

258 xcvii. AMARANTACE^. [Goniphrena.

axillary and terminal, quite g-labrous, about 2 lines diameter, at first
short and conical, at lengtli cylindrical and ^ in. long-. Bracts sbort
broad and persistent, bracteoles erect, more tban balf as long- as tbe
periantb and deciduous witb it. Periantb-seg'ments quite g-labrous,
scarcely 1 Hne long-, obtuse, wbite, sbortly g-reen at tbe base. Staminal
tube sbortor tban tlie ovary, truncate ; fibiments but slig^btly dilated,
witboiit intervening- teetb or lobes. Style very sbort.

N. Australia. Ecgent river, N.W. coast, A. Cunnmgham ; Port Darwin, Schulz.

Order xcviii. PARONYCHIACE^.

Periantb-seg'ments or lobes 5, rarely 4 or 3, iisually scarious at tbe
marg-ins, imbricate in tbe bud. Stamens as many as periantb-seg-ments
and opposite to tbem or fewer by abortion, witb or witbout interven-
ing' teetli lobes or staminodia, usiially fiHform, rarely petal-Hke or
perfect stamina. Ovary 1-celled watb 1 ovule attaclied to a funicle
erect from tbe base of tbe cavit}'. Style more or less divided into 2 or
3 branclies or separate styles, stig"matic at tbe end or ab)ng' tbe inner
edg"e. Fruit a membranous indebiscent utricle enclosed in or resting-
on tbe persistent periantb. Seed usuany vertical, orbicular or ovate
and compressed ; testa crustaceous or meml)ranous. Embryo curved
or annubir, enclosing- a mealy albumen. — Herbs usuaHy small and
mucb brancbed. Leaves opposite or rarely alternate, entire, accom-
panied by smaU scarious stipules or connected by a raised Hne or
narrow membrane. Flowers smaH, in axinary or terminal cymes,
sometimes reduced to dense cHisters or rarely soHtary. Bracts smaH,
usuaHy scarious ; bracteoles only under soHtary flowers or tbe terminal
flower of tbe cymes,

A small Order, widely dispersed over the tcmperate and cooler regions of the globe,
more rare within the tropics and there cliiefly in monntainous or sandy districts. The
only Anstraiian gcnus is common to both tbe nortliern and southern extratropical re-
gions ofthe Old World. The Order is undi.stinguishable from Amarantaceae by any posi-
tive character, differing chiefiy in tho stipnles or connecting bnes of the leaves liivc
those of Caryopbylleae. The teeth or lobes intervening between the stamens (staminodia),
whicli in Amarantaceaj are exceedingly thin and transparent, are in Paronychiacea; very
various, sometimes thin and transparent, sometimes filiform or developed into stamens
(in the European Scleranthi) or into petals (in Corrigiola) ; in both Orders they are
frequeutly deficient.

1. SCLERANTHUS, Linn.
(jMniarum, Forst.)

Periantb-tube as long- as tbe lobes, somewbat enlarg-ed and bardened
after flowering-. Stamens 5 or fewer, opposite tbe lobes, connected by
a membrane or raised Hne at tbe moutb of tbe periantb-tube, witb or
witbout intervening- teetb or fllaments, or in species not AustraHan
perfect stamens. Styles 2, slender. Fruit a membranous utricle
enclosed in the periantb-tube. — SmaH densely brancbed berbs. Leaves
opposite, narrow, connected by a raised Hne or sbeatbing- membrane.

Scleranthus.] xcviii. rARONYCHiACE^, 259

without stijmles. Flowers solitary or several together, sessile or nearly
so within a pair of scarious bracts at the end of axillary peduncles.

The gemis is represented by a few species in Europe, temperate and subtropical Asia
and northern Airica. Of the foiir Aiistralian specics one is also in New Zealand, the
three others are endemic. Tiie specimens of this genus from the Melbourne herbarium
have been accidentally omitted from tliose sent over to me for examination, but have
been fully described by F. Jlueller in the Piants of the Colony of Victoria, i. 214 to
216.

Leaves narrow-linear, not pungent. Flowcrs green, not above 1 liue
loiig.

Flowers solitary. Stamen 1 1. <S'. mniaroides.

Flowers 2 together. Stamen 1 2. ^^S'. hljiorm.

Flowers several together. Stameus 2 3. /S. diander.

Leaves rather broader, rigid and pungent-pointed. Flowers scarious,

2 liiies long, 2 or several together. Stamens 5, with intervening

filaments 4. S. pungms.

1. S. mniaroides, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 215, t. 12. A perennial
with densely branched decumbent stems of 3 to 4 in., resembling"
S. Mfionis both in habit and foliage. Leaves linear, scarcely acute,
entire, 2 to 4 hnes long'. Peduncles at first very short, long-er than
the leaves when in fruit as in S. biflorus, but never bearing more
than a single flower, which is sessile between 2 minute broad concave
bracts. Perianth scarcely above ^ hne long when in flower, nearly 1
line when in fruit, the tube then ovoid and thickened, crowned by 4 or
5 short herbaceous lobes not enlarg-ed. Stamen 1, inserted opposite
one of the lobes in a notch in an annular membrane at the mouth of
the tube. Fruit of S. Mflorus. — Mninrum si/i[/uli//orum, F. Muell. in
Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 13 and in Hook. Kew. Journ. viii. 69.

Victoria. Glacier ranges of the Australian Alps, not descending below 5000 ft.,
F. Mueller.

2. S. biflorus, Ilook. f. Fl. N. Zeal. i. 74 and Fl. Tasm. i. 42. A low
tufted perennial, with short decumbent stems forming dense masses of
a few inches diameter or rarely looser and lengthening to 6 in., gla-
brous or with a minute pubescence on the branches. Leaves crowded,
narrow-iinear, acute, entire or minutely scabrous, serrulate, mostly 3
to 4 lines long. Peduncles axillary, at first ver}' short and sometimes
remaining so, but more frequently lengthening' before or after flowering*
and exceeding the leaves when in fruit, each bearing 2 small flowers
sessile within a pair of ovate acute concave bracts, and one of the
flowers (the latest in expanding) with a pair of smaller bracteoles.
Perianth when in flower i to | line long, with 4 or 5 herbaceous lobes
and a single stamen opposite one of the lobes inserted in a scarcely
prominent annular membrane at the mouth of the tube. Fruiting-
perianth nearly 1 hne long, the hardened tube ovoid, almost closed by
the staminal membrane, crowned by the unenlarged persistent lobes
and enclosing the membranous utricle. — F. MuelL Pl. Vict. i. 214 ,
Difoca inuscosa, Banks in Ga^rtn. Fr. ii. 196, t. 126; Mniarum Uflorum,
Forst. Gen. 2, t. 1 ; R. Br. Prod. 412 ; DC. Prod. iii. 378 ; M. pcdun-
culatum, Labill. Pl. Nov. IIoll. i. 8, t. 2.

s2

260 xcviii. PARONYCHiACEiE. [Sclerauthus.

I^. s. Wales. Blue Mountains, Iliss AtJcinson ; Ben Lomond, Mount Mitchell
and sources of Clarence river, Beckler, {F. Mueller), I have seen none of these spe-
cimens.

Victoria. Abundant on the alpine and suhalpine plateaux and valle^-s throughout
the chain ofthe snowy alps, descending to 3000 or rarely to 2000 ft., F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Fort Dahymple, B. Brown ; common on dry grassy pastures on stones,
&€., /. D. Ilooker.

The species is also in New Zealand. Minarum fasciculatum, R. Br. Prod. 412,
Hook. lc. Pl. t. 283, DC. Prod. iii. 378, or ISderanthus fasckulatus, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.
i. 42, appears to be rather a state of the plant with the peduncles remaining shorter
than the leaves than a distinct variety.

3. S. diander, 7?. Br. Prod. 412. A perennial with a densely
tufted almost woody stock and rnuch branched erect or decumbent
stems of 2 to 4 in. Leaves crowded, linear, very acute but not pun-
g-ent, 2 to 3 lines long\ Flowers several tog-ether, sessile in little heads
shortly pedunculate in the upper axils or at the end of the branches.
Bracts very acute, the outer ones leafy often longer than the flowers,
the inner ones smaller, one to each ilower or 2 to the terminal one of
each branch of the head or cyme. Perianth about 1 hne long-, with
5 obtuse scarious lobes as long- as the tube, sHghtly enhirg-ed in fruit.
Stamens 2, the filaments slig-htly dilated, the connecting- membrane
irreg-ular or obsolete.— DC. Prod. iii. 378 ; Hook. f. FL Tasm, i. 42 ;
F. MuelL PL Vict. L 215.

N. S. 'Wales. Argyle County, Backhouse.

Victoria. Subalpine meadows through most ramifications of the Australian alps,
F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Port Dabymple, B. Brown ; dry banks, pastures, &c., Launceston,
Gunn.

F. Mueller mcntions a desert variety flowering the first year, along the Murray and
Wimmera rivers and Lake Alexandrina, which 1 have not seen.

4. S. piingens, E. Br. Prud. 412. A densely tufted or much-
branched })erennial, larger and more rigid than any other species, at-
taining- 6 in. Leaves very rigid and pungent-pointed, linear or linear-
lanceolate, \to\ in. long. Peduncles in the upper axils or terminal,
very short, bearing- a head of several sessile flowers. Bracts lanceolate,
pung^ent-pointed, shorter than the flowers. Perianth about 2 lines
long-, the lobes lanceolate, very acute, longer than the tube, scarious at
least at the margin. Stamens 5, the filaments filiform, opposite the
perianth-lobes and alternating with as many filiform or flattened stami-
nodia as long- as the stamens. Ovary tapering- into a rather long* beak.
— DC. Prod. iii. 378; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 210.

Victoria. Barren ridges and wastes of the north-western district, F. 3Iuellcr.

S. A.ustralia. Memory Cove, B. Brown ; Murray Scrub, Flinders' Eange and
Speiicer's Gulf, F. Mueller.

\^. Australia ? King George's Sound, iZeri. JTooAer., but possibly sonie mistake
in the statiou.

1 have not seen any of F. Muelh;r's specimens.

XCIX. POLYOONACE.E.

261

Order XCIX. POLYGONACE^.

Perianth-scgrnents 6, 5 or fewer, free or shortly united at the base,
imbricate in the bud and more or less in 2 rows, regular and equal or
the inner ones enhirg-ed. Stamens variable in number, usually 9, 8, 6
or fewer, alternate with the perianth-segments or having- no definite
relation to them ; anthers with 2 parallel cells. Ovary free, with a
sing-le erect orthotropous ovule. Styles or style-branches 2, 3 or rarely
more, the stig-mas terminal, capitate or dilated, entire or fring-ed. Fruit
a small seed-like nut, usually with as many ang-les as styles, enclosed in
or scarcely protruding' from the persistent perianth. Seed erect with a
membranous testa. Embryo in a mealy albumen, straig-ht and central
or more frequently curved and lateral ; radicle superior. — Herbs shrubs
woody chmbers or rarely, in species not Australian, trees. Leaves
alternate. Stipules usually thin and scarious, brown or silvery, forming'
a sheath or ring- round the stem. Flowers small, herbaceous or coloured,
chistered in the axils of the leaves, or within small sheathing- bracts or
even without bracts along' the rhachis of simple or paniculate spikes or
racemes, without bracteoles on the pedicels.

A considerable Onler dispersed over every part of the globe. Of the four Australiaa
genera, two have a very wide distribution especially in teniperate regions of both the
New and the Old World, another extends through New Zealand to Antarctic and Andine
America, the fourth belongs to the Mediterranean and South African regions of the Old
Worid, and may possibly be of recent introduction into Austraiia.

Perianth-hegments 6, the 3 inner ones closing over the fruit.

Stamens 6. Styles 3. Stigmas fringed.
Fruiting perianth hard, with a 3-angled tube, the outer segments

spreading and spinescent, the inner short and erect . . . .1. Emex.
Fruiting perianth ■with the outer segments sniall and recurved,

tlie inner enlarged and chised over the fruit 2. Rumex.

Perianth-segments 5, nearly equal. Stamens 8 or fewer.

Flowers mostly heimaphrodite. Styles or style-branches 2 or 3 ;

stigmas entire 3. Polygondm.

Flowers more or less dicecious. Styles or style-branches 3; stig-

mas more or less fringed, or rarely entire 4. Muhlenbeckia.

1. EMEX, Necker.

Flowers monoecious. Male fl. : Perianth-segments 5, equal, spread-
ing'. Stamens 4 to 6. Pistil rudimentary. J^emale fl. : Periantli with
a triang"ular turbinate tube and 6 lobes, enhirg-ed and hardened in fruit,
the 3 outer lol)es corresponding- to the angles of the tube rigid spreading-
and spinescent, the three inner ovate erect and connivent over the
Iruit. Ovary small, 3-angied, styles 3, short, with larg-e fring-ed stig'-
mas. — Herbs. Leaves ovate. Stipules brown and scarious, sheathing"
but soon loose and torn or jag^g-ed. Flowers in whorl-like clusters, the
females axillary, the males distant on axillary peduncles, the lower
clusters including' sometimes a few females.

Besides tlie Australian species, which is identical with a South African one and

0(;o xcix. polyoonace.t:. [Emex.

perhaps iiitrotliiceil from thence, there is one other closely aHied to it from the Medi-
terranean region o( the northern hemisphere.

1. E. australis, Stcinh. m Ann. Sc. Nat. Scr. 2, ix. 195, t. 7. Stems
diffiise, ratlier tliick, 1 to 1| ft. lono-, o-lal)rous as well as the whole
plant. Leaves on long petioles, broadly ovate, very obtuse, truncate or
broadly cordate at the base, 1 to 2 in. long-. Fruiting- perianth very
hard, trirpietrous, 4 to 5 lines long-, with 3 rather long- rigid thick spi-
nescent and divaricate lobes, the three inner ones short, broad, erect,
obtuse or mucronate. — Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 625 ; Meissn. in Linnsea
xxvi. 303 ; K ccntrdpodium, Meissn. in Linnaea xiv. 490, in Pl. Preiss.
ii. 273, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 40.

S. Australia. Ncar Adelaide and Holdfast Bay, F. Mueller.

W. Australia, Drummond, 2nd. coll. 7i. 290; Freiss, n. 1895.

A coinmon maritime plant in S. Africa, differing slightly from the Mediterranean
species {E. spinosa, Campd.) in the larger fruiting perianth less rugose, the spines-
oent segments hmgcr, and the inner erect ones broadcr and more rounded.

2. KUMEX, Linn.

Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual. Perianth of 6 seg-ments, the
three inner ones enlarg'ed after flowering- and closing* over the fruit,
the three outer nuich smaller narrow and recurved. Stamens 6,
Styles 3, shortly filiform, with larg-e fring-ed stig-mas. Nut triang-ular,
enclosed in the persistent perianth. Embryo lateral, the radicle supe-
rior. — Hcrbs or rarely, in species not Australian, shrubs, usually g-labrous.
Flowers small, herbaceous or the males petal-like, all often turning red,
usually on rccurved pedicels, in whorl-like clusters, either axillary or in
terminal racemes or panicles. Stipules sheathing-, scarious, usually
brown, at first entire but almost always very soon torn or jag-g-ed.

A considerablo genus, widely distributed over most parts of the globe, but more espe-
cially in temperate regidus, and a few species are amongst the roadside weeds which
the most readily estabh'sh themselves in new countries. Of the 8 species here enume-
rated, three are certainly and a fourth possibly introduccd from Europe or South Afiica,
the remaining fbur appear to be endemic.
Flowers all or mnstly hcrmapliroJite.

Inner periatith-segments witli entire margins, one or all bcar-
ing a tubercle on the midrib.
Inner pcriantli-segments broad, mostly cordatc. Panicle

deuse with short crowded branches 1. B.crispus.

Inncr perianth-segments narrow. Panicle witli elongated

branches, the clusters of flowers distant 2. M. conglomeratus,

Inner perianth-segments bordered by long teeth.

Flowerclusters distant along the branches, withont lloral
ieaves except to the lower ones.
Teeth of the inner perianthsegments five, with revolute

points 3. ^. Brownii.

Teeth of the inner perianthsegments rigid and straight

or rarely curved at the point 4l. R. pulcher.

Floral leaves all longer than tlie fiowers.

Panicle very much divaricately branched. Clusters few-
flowercd. Fruitiiig perianth rather hirge, without
tubercles b. R. dumosus.

liumex.] xcix. polygonace.e. 263

Branches erect. Flowers numerous and very small in
dense clusters. Fruiting perianth small, with a tu-

bercle on eacli segmenl 6. B. halophilus.

Flowers monoecious. ytem.s mostly siniple, the upper clusters
malcs, olten without floral leaves, the lower clustcrs fomales,

mostly axillary 1 . R. hidens.

Flowers dioecious. Small plant, with nanow Jeaves mostly

sagittate. Stipules silvery-shining 8. i?- acetosella.

Besides the above, I find reference to a Ilume.v cri/.staUinus, as described by Lange
in the Index of seeds of the Garden of Copeiihagen for the year 1861, irom plants
raised from seeds reccived from F. Mueller. I have been unable to find a copy of the
seed-catalogue for that year, and am quite Tinacquainted witli the plant in question,
which, if really Australian, is probably identical with some one of those above enumerated.

1. R. crispus, Linn. ; 3£eissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 44. A perennial
witli a tliick rhizome, and erect furrowed stems 2 to 3 ft. high, the
branches few and sliort. Radical leaves narrow, usually 6 to 8 in. long-,
much unduhite and crisped at the edg-es, the upper ones smaller, passing-
gTadually into bracts. Flower-clusters numerous, and vvhen in fruit
much crowded into a long* narrow and dense terminal panicle. Inner
seg'ments of the fruiting- perianth broadly ovate, entire, 2 to 3 lines
long-, with a coloured tubercle on the midrib,

N. S. TVales. Hunter's river, Oldfield.

Victoria. Un roadsides about Melbourne, Adamson, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Barker town, F. Miieller.

Common in Europe and temperate Asia, and now naturalized in many other parts of
the glcbe. The Australian specimens, like others grown in warm and dry climates,
have tubercles on all three inner perianth-segments. More northern specimens have
them frequentiy only on one segment of each perianth.

2. R. conglomeratus, Mtirr. ; Meissn. in BC. P/'0(Z. xiv. 49. An
erect perennial of 2 or 3 ft. more branched than B. crispus. Radical
leaves on loug- petioles, mostly acute, rounded or even cordate at the
base, sometimes 8 to 10 in. long, the upper ones smaller. Panicle with
long- rather spreading- branches, the clusters of flowers distinct or dis-
tant even when in fruit. Fruiting- perianth smtiller than in R. crispus,
the inner segiuents narrow-ovate, entire, with an oblong- tubercle on
the midrib of each. — B. acutus, Sm. and some others.

Queeusland. About Brisbane, C. Stuart.
N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, Woolls.
Victoria. About Melbourne, F. Mueller.

Like H. cris/ms, this species is indigenous in Europe and temperate Asia, and is now
become naturalized in many other parts of the globe.

3. R. Brownii, Campd. Monofjr. Rum. 81. A perennial with a thick
rhizome and erect siniple or slig-htly branched stems of 1 to 2 ft. Ra-
dical and lower leaves on long- petioles, often cordate or hastate, oblong-
and obtuse, the stem-leaves mostly hanceolate and acute, the floral ones
reduced to small bracts or quite deficient. Clusters remote, many-
flowered, forming- long- simple or slightly-branched racemes, tlie fruit-
ing- pedicels slender or thick, 1 to 3 lines long-. Inner seg-ments of the
fruiting- perianth broadly triang-ular, IJ to 2 lines long-, bordered on
each side by 4 to G bristles, much hooked or almost invohite at the end,

264 xcix. POLYOONACE/E. [Rnmcx.

the midrih prominent but without anv distinct tubercle. — Meissn. in
DC. Prod. xiv. 61; Hook. f. Fl. Tnsin. i. 805; H.Jmbriatus, R. Br.
Prod. 4-21 not of Poir.

Queensland. r!ocklKinipton, O^ Shanexy.

KT. S. 'Wales. I'ort Jackson, R. Broicn. Woolls; Newcastle everywhere where
6hei>p hivc been, Leichhardt : IMacloay rivcr, Bccl.ler.

Victoria. Plenty river, i*^. Mueller ; Wendu Vale, Bobertson.

Tasmania. Abundant in marshy phices, Circuhir Head, &c., /. D. Hooher.

S. Austialia. Adelaide and Torrens river, F. Mueller ; Kangaroo island, Hin-
zenrode.

4. R. pulcher, Linn.; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 58. Stems erect,
short below the inilorescence, the flowerinp* branches very spreading",
forming- a broad panicle of above 1 ft. Rndical and lower leaves on
long" petioles, oblong-hmceolate or ahnost linear, 2 to above 6 in. long",
sHghtly crisped on the marg-ins, often contracted in the middle and
obtuse or cordate at the 1)ase, the lower floral leaves linear and some-
times above 1 in. k)ng-, all the others reduced to small bracts or obso-
lete. Chisters distant, tbe flowers more numerous than in E. dumosits,
less so than in It Brownii. Pedicels shorter or longer than the perianth.
Inner segunents of the fi-uiting" perianth hmceolate or triangiilar, 2 to 3
lines long", with a rig-id point and 2 or 3 rig-id subulate teeth on each
side, straight or rarely shg-htly hooked at the extremity, the midrib
bearing- a prominent callous tubercle. — R. oxysepalns, Meissn. in Pl.
Preiss. i. 625 ; R. Drummondii, Meissn. in PL Preiss. ii. 272 and in
DC. Prod. xiv. 61.

Victoria? Near Melhourne, Adamson, Bohertson (apechnens in flower onlyj.

W. Australia, Drummond. n. 11, 108, 207, 703 ; Breiss, n. 1357 ; Kalgan river,
Oldfield ; N. of Stirling range, F. Mueller.

Thc species is common in a great part of Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa,
extending to South Africa, and possibly introduced from thence into West Australia. The
Melbourne specimens, as well those above quotcd as those of F. Mueller, correspond-
ing to others previously sent to London jind ilescribed by Meissner as B. Muelleri (in
1)C. IVod. xiv. 61), are not far enough advanced to deterniine accurately, and may be-
long to a luxuriant form either of B.pulcher or of B. dumosus. Tlie lower ieaves are
sometimes 10 in. long.

5. R. dumosus, A. Cunn. ; Mc.tsn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 62. "A di-
varicate bushy ])lant" spreadiug- to 2 or 3 ft., the flowering- branches
Avhen in an advanced state numerous intricate flexuose and dichotomous.
Lower leaves long-, but not seen perfect, tlie upper ones small, lanceo-
late, acuminate, but all even the uppermost floral ones long-er than
the flowers. Clusters distant, composed of very few, often only 2 or
3 flowers, the pedicels 1 to 2 lines long-, sometimes hardened after the
fall of the fruit. Inner segments of the fruiting- perianth about 2 hnes
long-, rigid acutc and prominently reticulate, without tubercles, bordered
by rig-id subuhite ahnost spinescent teeth not hooked, the small outer
seg-ments sometimes muricate on the keel. — B. Brownii, Schlecht. in
Linmca. xx. 576 (from the descr.), not of Campd.

N. S. Wales. Liverpool plains, and plains subject to inundation on the Cujeegong
and Goulburn rivers, A. Cunningham.

S. Australia. Torrena river, F. Mueller.

Jiui/WX.] XCIX. POLYaONACK.E. 265

6. R. halophilus, F. MueU. Fragm. iv. 48. An erect branching-
lierb of about 1 ft., some specimens appearing- annual. Leaves iinear
or lanceolate, acute or obtuse, the lower ones on long' petioles some-
times cordate at the base and 2 to 3 or even 4 in. long, the upper ones
small, but all or nearly all longer than the flowers. Flowers very
small and very numerous, in dense axillary chisters crowded on the
gTeater part of the phmt. Inner segments of the fruiting perianth
sometimes under 1 line long, with long fine points and marginal teeth,
sometimes rather longer and broader with shorter and more rigid
points and teeth, always with a very prominent ovoid tubercle on the
midrib.

N. Australia. Gulf of Carpcntaria, i^. J/iteZfer.

Queensland. Fliiiders and Buniett rivers, F. Maeller ; Darling Downs, Lau.

N. S. Wales. Darling river, Goodwin and Dallachy, Mrs. Ford ; Murray river,
F. Mueller.

This plant has entirely the aspect of the European B. maritimus, Linn., and may be
a variety only. The teeth of the frniting perianth-segments although fine and long are
however always much less so than in the uorthern plant.

7. R.bidens, R. Br. Prod. 421. A perennial with a thick stem,rooting
at the joints and creeping in the mud, throwing up numerous erect
thick flowering branches of 1 to 2 ft. Leaves hxnceolate, the lower
ones often 8 to 10 in. long, rather broad and obtuse, the upper ones
narrower and more acute, passing- into the small ahnost Hnear floral
leaves. Flowers densely chistered, unisexual, btit the two sexes mixed
in the same chisters, the lower ones chiefly females the upper ones
chiefly or entirely males. Perianth-seg-ments at the time of iiowering
almost petaloid and not very unequah Inner segments of the fruiting'
perianth variable in size, usually 2 to 3 hnes long, very broad, with
1 or 2 rigid teeth on eaeh side near the base, the midrib more or less
thickened into a tubercle. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 73 ; Hook. f.
FL Tasm. i. 305.

Victoria. On the Yarra about Melbourne, Harvey, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple and Lagdon Viea.ch., B,. Brown; common in marshes
in the northern part of the ishmd, J. D. Hooher.

S. Australia. Murray river, Behr.; near Morunda, F. Mueller ; with a small
starved, small-flowered variety.

*8. R. acetosella, Linn. ; Meissn. in BC. Prod. xiv. 63. A slender
plant with a creeping rhizome and erect stems from a few in. to nearly
1 ft. high, often turning red. Leaves narrow-lanceohate or hnear,
some or all hastate or sagittate at the base ; stipules usually silvery
and very thin. Flowers small, dioecious, in slender terminal panicles,
the chisters nmnerous, few-flowered, without floral leaves. Perianth-
seg^ments broad, entire, not very imequal, the inner ones in the fruiting*
perianth closed over the seed but scarcely enlarged.

A plant probably of European and Asiatic oricrin, now conimon in most tcmperafe
and subtropical regions of tlu- ulobe, and evidently inlroduced onlyinto Austi-alia, where
it has appeared in N. S. 'Wales, Victoria, S. Australia, and TV. Australia.
It is in K. 13rown's coUection from the neiglibourhoodof Port Jaclvson, bnt omitted from
the Prodromus as an introduced plant.

26G XCIX. POLYGONACEiE. [Pull/ffOHiim.

3. POLYGONUM, Linn.

Flowers usually herniaplirodite. Periantli of 5, rarely fewer, seg'-
ments, all equal or tlie 2 or 3 outer ones enlarged. Stamens 5 to 8,
varying- often in tlie same species. Styles or style-brauches 2 or 3,
with entire terminal stig-mas. Nut flattened or triang-ular, enclosed in
or surrounded by the persistent perianth. Embryo kiteral, more or
less curved, the radicle superior. — Herbs var^-ing- much in habit.
Stipules in the majority of species thinly scarious, closely sheathing-,
the lower portion adnate to the petiole, the g-reater part connate within
it; in the section .If/cM/rt/vVi looser jagged and silvery. Flowers small,
pale gTeen or red with Avhite edg-es, either clustered or rarely solitary
in the axils, or in little chisters within a sheathing- bract arranged in
simple or panicuhite spikes.

A large genus, witli almost the cosniopolitan range of tlie Oider. Of the thirteen
Austrahan species, four are common European species extending mnre or less generally
over the temperate and suhtropical regions of the glohe, five are distrihuted over the
warmer portions of Asia, one or two of them heing also found in South America, an-
other appears to he also S. American altliouf;li not yet identitied with any Asiatic
species ; one more extends at least to New Caledonia, and one to New Zealand ; the
only remaining one may be endemic, although not yet perhaps sufi&ciently known.

Sect. 1. Avicularia. — Floicers in axillary clusters. Stems prostrate.

Stems elongated and wiry. Perianth about 1| lines long. Nut

minutely granular-striate 1. P. avicidare.

Stems short aiid compact. Perianth under 1 line long. Nut
smooth and shining 2. P. plebeium.

Sect. 2. Echinocaulon. — Flowers in very sliort spikes on axillary dichotomous
peduncles. Stems umally scramhling, ivith short reversed bristles on the anyles.

Single Australian species Z. P. striyosuin.

Sect. 3. Persicaria. — Flowers spicafe, the sptJ^es in terminal jyanicles, or rarely
solitary and termiind- or axillary. Enihryo curved towards the edge of the cotyledons.
Kutjlat or convex on hoth sides or triquetrous.

Spikes solitary, mostly axillary. Stem prostrate 4. P. j^rostratum.

Spikes terminal, long, slender and interrupted, usually siugle.

Stem slender, erect. Perianth densely glandular-dotted . . 5. P. hydropiper.
Spikes usually continuous and 2 or more in a terminal panicle.
Perianth witiiout any or with few glandular dots. Stem
erect or ascendirig.
Stipules bordered hy hristles usually long, at lcast the upper
ones.

Glahrous. Spikes few and slender G. P. minus.

Stri,;ose-hirsiite. Spikes slender, pcduncuhite. Leaves

nearly sessile 7. P. suhsessile.

Strigose-hirsute. Spikes compact, on short peduncles.

Bristles of the stipules very long 8. P. harhatum.

Stipules trancate, without any or with a few fine short cilia.

Strigose-hirsnte. Spikes compact {). P. articulatum.

Glahrous or nearly so 10. P. hqMthifolium.

Cottony-white 11. P lanigerum.

Pull/(fOnum.\ XCIX, POLYGONACE.E. 207

Sect. 4. Amblygonon. — Floivers spicate, thesplkes in terminal panicles. Emhryo
curved towards the hack of the cotyledons. Nut usmlly Jiat on both sides, with obtuse
maryins. Stems taU and erect.

Stipiiles, at least thc lower ones, dilated and green at the top . 12. P. orientale.
Stipules all closely sheathing and scarious to the top 13. P. attenuatum.

Muhlenbeclda Cunninghamii has almost the styles and stigmas of Pvhjgonum, but
the flowers are dioecious.

Sect. 1. AvicuLARiA, Meissn. — Flowersin axillary clusters. Stems
(in the Australian species) pru.strate.

1. P. aviculare, Linn. Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 97. A glabrous
annual, much branched at the base, sometimes erect or ascending- when
young", but the stems soon prostrate, wiry, extending- to 1 or 2 ft. or even
more. Leaves shortly petiohite, elliptical oblong- lanceolate or rarely
linear, the larg-er ones above 1 in. long- but mostly smaller. Stipules
broad, more or less brown at the base, the remainder silvery and split
into finely pointed lobes. Flowers axillary, solitary or in clusters of
2 to 5, very shortly pedicellate. Fruiting- perianth above 1 line long-,
the seg'ments g-reen in the centre, white on the margins. Styles 3.
Nut triang-ular, bkick but opaque (not shining-) owing- to a minute
g'ranulation visible under a strong lens.

Victoria. Near Melbourne, Adamson, Hildebrand ; Skipton, Whan.

S. Australia. Near Adelaide, F. Mueller.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 231.

A common weed, apparently of European or Asiatic origin, but now found over a
great part of the globe, especially in temperate regions, and probably iutroduced only
in Australia.

2. P. plebeium, i?. Br. Prod. 420. A much branched prostrate
annual, much more compact than P. aviculare, and rarely above 1 ffc.
long', g'hibrous or the branches slig'htly hoary. Leaves linear, narrow-
oblong' or slig-htly spathulate, rarely above ^ in. long". Stipules as in
P. aviculare sliort silvery and rag'g'ed at the edg'es. Flowers very
small, in clusters of 2 to 5 in the axils of mostof the leaves. Fruiting'
perianth under 1 line long', the segments g-reen, with a narrow white
edg'e. Nuts triang'ular, very smooth and shining'. — Meissn. in DC. Prod.
xiv. 94 j Benth. Fl. Hong-k. 287, with the synonyms there adduced.

Queensland. Broad Sound, R. Broicn ; Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, A. Cun-
ningham, F. Mueller and others ; Gilbert river, F. Mueller; Eockhampton, 0' Shanesy ;
Wide Bay, Bidwill; Kennedy district, Daintree.

N. S. '^Vales. GlQniion, Leichhardt ; Murray and Darling rivers, X^aZZac/^y, il/rs.
Ford and others ; Stokes Range to Cooper's Creek, Wheeler.

Victoria. Murray river, F. Mueller ; Wimmera, Dallachy.

S. Australia. Bugle Range, F. Mueller ; Cooper's Creek, Howitfs Expedition.

Exceedingly common all over tropical Asia, extending into Africa. Very near P.
aviculare, but amidst all its variations it seems to me ccmstantly to difier from that
species in its compact habit and small flowers, and in the nuts always smooth and
shining.

Sect. 2. EcHiNOCAULON, Meissn. — Flowers in very short spikes on
axillary dichotomous peduncles. Stems usually scrambling', with short
reversed bristles on the ang-les.

268 XCIX. POLYQOXACEiE. [Polt/ffOHUm.

3. P. strigosum, IL Br. Frod. 420. Stems weak, erect or strag--

fling-, 2 to 3 ft. long-, with reflexed bristles on the ang-les of the
ranches and on the petioles and niidribs of the leaves, and a short
glandular pubescence on the peduncles, otherwise the whole phint gia-
brous. Leaves petiohite, lanceolate, acuminate, hastate or broadly
sagittate at the base, the larg-er ones 2 to 4 in. long-. Stipules sheath-
ing-, shortly ciliate-toothed or entire. Peduncles axillary, loosely
dichotomous, usually long-er than the leaves, the branches terminating
in short rather dense but few^-ilowered spikes. Bracts denticulate and
ciHate, nearly 2 Hnes long-. Perianth-seg-ments, about 1| Hnes long-,
sHg-htly enhirg-ed wlien in fruit, completely enclosing- the smooth nut.
Style-branches and anaies of tlie nut more fre(pientlv 3 than 2. —
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 134 ; Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 307 ; P. pcdun-
cularc, WaU. ; Meissn. l.c. 133 ; P. muricatum, Mcissn. l.c.

Queensland. Erisbane river, Moreton Bay, A.Cunnlngham, F. Mueller ; Rock-
inghani Ba}-, DaUachy.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Broion, WoolU; Newcaslle, Leichhardt ; New
England, C. Stuart ; Hastings and Clarence rivers, Bechler and others.

Victoria. Ovens and Plcnty rivers, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Port Dalryniple, R. Brown ; northern parts of the ishtnd, /. D. Hooher ;
Launceston, Gunn ; South Esk river, C. iStuai-t.

The species extends over the Archipelago and Eastern India to S. China, varying with
the spikes dense or slender and interrupted, and with the pistils 2-merou8 or 3-raerous on
the same plant.

Sect. 3. Persicakia. — Flowers spicate, the spikes in terminal
panicles, or rarely soHtary and terminal or axillary. Embryo curved to-
wards the edg-e of the cotykHlons (accumbent) or sometimes obHque.
]\ut llat or convex on both sides or triquetrous.

4. P. prostratum, P. Br. Prod. 419. A prostrate branching- pe-
rennial, often woody at the base and rooting- at the lower nodes, ex-
tending* to 1 or 2 ft., sprinkled with slender appressed hairs or nearly
g-labrous. Leaves lanceohite, contracted into a short petiole 1 to l^-
or rarely 2 in. long-. Stipules sheathing', ciHate with a few long- hairs
on the back and margins. Spikes shortly pedunculate, axinary or rarely
terminal, about |- in, or rarely f in. long', rather dense. Periiintli
scarcely 1 Hne long' when in liower, sHg-htly enlarg-ed afterwards.
Stamens 5 or 6. Style-branches 2, not enclosed in the perianth, lenti-
cidar, l)oth sides very convex. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 110; Hook.
f. Fl. Tnsm. i. 30?.

Queensland. Rockharnpton, 0'Shanesy.

N. S. Wales. Nepean river, R. Brown, Woolls ; Ncw England, C. Stuart;
Argvle oounty, A. Cvnningham.

Victoria. rjlcnolg rivcr, 7?o7.)cr^so)! ; Yarra, Sandy Creek, Ballarat, F. Mueller ;
]\Inri-ay rivc^r, llerrijvtt; Eniu Creck, Wlian.

Tasmania. Tort Dalryniple and Derwcnt river, R. Bron-n ; not uncorarnon in various
parts ot' tlio island, J. IJ. Ilooktr.

5. Australia. Noar IMorunda, F. Mveller.
W. Australia, Drummond, Mh coll. n. 230.
The species is also in New Zealand.

Folygormm.] xcix. POLYGONACEiE. 269

6. P. hydropiper, Linn. ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 109. A slender
erect or decumbent <i'iabrous annual, 1 to 2 ft. liig'h. Leaves lanceo-
late, acuminate. Stipules slieathing", rather short, ciliate at the top.
Spikes slender and interrupted, often several in. long-, solitary or nearly
so at the ends of the stem or branches and often nodding-. Perianth
and often the hracts also dotted with promhient g"h\nds. Style-branches
usually2. Nuts llat. — P. grucUe, R. Br. Prod. 419 j Meissn. in DC.
Prod. xiv. 109.

N. S. TVales. Port Jacksoii, B. Broivn, IVoolb ; Hunter's river, Lckhhardt ;
Clarence river, Beckler.

Victoria. Yarra-Yarra, Rohertson, F. Mueller ; Goulburn river, F. Mueller.

The species is widely difiused over Europe, temperate and subtropical Asia and North
America I cau perceive no differeuce between the Australian and many of the northern
specimens.

6. P. minus, Iluds. ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 111. Ilather slender,
erect or decumbent, smaller and less branched than P. lapathifoUum,
rarely exceeding- 2 ft., quite glabrous in the typical form. Leaves shortly
petiolate, lanceolate, acuminate. Stipules closely sheathing;, the marg-ins
ciliate. Spikes 1 to l^ in. long-, few in a terminal panicle, more
slender than in P. lapathifoli^im, much less so than in P. htjdropiper.
Bracts small, naked or shortly ciliate. Perianth small, not g-landular.
Stamens 5 or 6. Style-branches 2 or 3, varying- often in the same
spike, more frequently 3 than 2 in the Australian specimens. — Hook.
f. Fl. Tasm. i. 306 ; P. dccipiens, R. Br. Prod. 420 ; Meissn. in DC.
Prod. xiv. 104.

Queensland. Biisbane, Burnett, and Bardekin rivers, P. Mueller; Moreton island
M'GilUvray ; Rockhampton, 0'Shanesy; Eockingham Bay, Dallaehy ; in the inte-
rior, Mitc/iell.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, B. Brown, Woolls ; Argyle county, Backhouse;
Kew England, C. Stuart.

Victoria. Murray and Yarra rivers, F. Mueller, Rohertson ; Portland, Allitt ;
Emu Creek, Wlian.

Tasmania. Common in the northern parts of the island, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Murray and Torrens rivers and Holdfast Bay, F. MueUer.

W. Australia, Drunimond, n. 20 ; Moore river, Oldfield.

The species is very common in the temperate, subtropical, and even tropical regions
of the Old World, and varies miich. In Australia some specimens agree with the com-
monest European forius, in others, chiefly from Queensland, the cilia of the stipules are
longer, there are a few small strigose hairs on the under side of the leaves, and the
pistil is almost always 3-merous. These constitute probably (with corresponding
European forms) the P. serridatum, Lag. cited from Australia and New Zealand by
Meissn. in D.C. Prod. xiv. 110.

7. P. subsessile, B. Br. Prod. 419. A perennial with an almost
woody rhizome and erect loosely branched stems attaining- 2 or 3 ft.
the whole plant more or less strig-ose with appressed hairs, short on
the upper side of the leaves, long-er underneath. Leaves lanceolate,
acuminate, mostly 3 or 4 in. long-, contracted into a very short petiole.
Stipules sheathing-, much long-er than the petiole, bordered by long-
cilia. Spikes rather slender, 1 to 2 in. long-, usually 2 to 4 on long-
peduncles in a loose terminal panicle. Perianth-seg-ments petal-like,

270 XCIX. POLYGOXACE^, [Poli/ffomim.

not g-Iandular. Stamens 5. Style-branches 2, rather lonor. Nnt
lenticular, the sides very convex. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 118 ;
Ilook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 306.

Queensland. BiisLiine river, Moreton Baj, F. Mueller, C. Stuart ; Eockhampton,
0'>!li(n)(tii/ ; Ivdckingliam Bay, Dallachy.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, li. Broxvn, Woolls ; New England, C. Stuart.

Victoria. Goulburn, Varra-Yarra, and Tara rivers, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, i?. Broicn ; northern parts of the island, J. D.
Iloiilcr.

Tiie spccies appears to bc also in New Caledonia, if I am right in identifying with
it Viellard's n. 1075.

8. P. barbatum, Linn. ; Mcissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 104. Stems
ascendiug' or erect, g-labrous or nearlj so, 2 to 3 h. hig"h. Leaves
lanceolate, contracted into a short petiole althoug-h not so short as in
P. suhsessilc, 3 to 6 in. long", sprinkled "with appressed hairs never
wanting" on the midrib underneath. Stipules sheatliing- hairy, outside,
bordered by very long- cilia. Spikes in the common form compact, 1 to
l^ in. long*, on short peduncles in a narrow terminal panicle, in some
Asiatic varieties drawn out and slender. Bracts always ciliate on the
margin. Stamens 5 or G. Style-branches (alwa^^s ?) 3, Nut triang-ular.

Queensland. Eoper and Burnett rivers, F. Mueller ; Port Curtis, M'Gillivray.
The species is common in tropical Asia and Africa.

9. P. articTilatum, i?. Br. Prod. 420. Erect and rather stout, the
stenis glabrous below, hirsute in the upper part with appressed liairs.
Leaves hmceolate, tapering- into long- points and contracted into ratlier
long- petioles, 3 to 0 in. long-, hirsute on both sides with appressed hairs
short and strig"ose on the upper surface, long-er and more silky underneath,
rig'id on the margins. Stipules sheathing", long* and truncate, without
any or only with few very short marg-inal cilia. Spikes few, rather dense,
1 to 2 in. long". Bracts shortl}' ciliate. Styles2. Nut compressed, the sides
rather convex. Curvature of the embryo in the two seeds examined rather
oblique with relation to the cotyledons,but more accumbent rhan incum-
bent. — Meissu. in DC. Prod. xiv, 117; P. austrulc, Spreng-. Syst. ii. 258.

Queensland. Broad Sound and Shoalwater Bay, B. Broivn.

I have not seen this in any other collection, and have not been able to match it with
any Asiatic spccies. The habit is that of P. barbatum and P. glabrum, difJiering from
the former in the want of the long cilia or bristles to the stipules, from the latter in the
indumentum, which is that of P. subsessile, from which it is removed by the long
petioles and the want of cilia to the stipules.

10. P. lapathifolium, Linn. ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 119. Tall
erect and alabrous, except sometimes very short strigose hairs on the
margins and midrib of the leaves, and in some varieties a very slight
hoariness on their under surface. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, 3 to 6 in. long- or even larg-er, contracted into a petiole
nsually exceeding- the stipules, the g"landular dots of the under surface
more conspicuous than in many species. Stipules sheathing", without
marg-inal bristles or rarely with a few very small cilia. Spikes rather

Polt/ffOHUm.] XCIX. PULYGOiVACEiE. 271

slender, from iincler 1 to above 2 in. long-, in a terminal brancliing- more
or less leafy panicle, Bracts small, truncate or shortly acuminate.
Perianth, at least the outer segnnents, more or less g-landular and the
prominent g-hmds extending sometimes to the bracts and peduncles.
Stamens 5 or 0. Style short with 2 long- branches. Nut very flat,
the sides concave or rarely slightly convex. Radicle curved towards
the edge of the cotyledons (accumbent). — P. nodosi/m, Pers. ; Meissn. in
DC. Prod. xiv. 118; P. fjlamhdosum, R. Br. Prod. 419; Meissn. l.c.
116 ; P. adrmphorum, Spreng. Syst. ii. 258 ; P. elatius, R. Br. l.c. 419 ;
Meissn. l.c. 121.

Queensland. BrisLane river, C. Stuart ; Nerkool Creek, Bowman ; Armadilla,
Barton.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, B. Brown and otliers ; New
England, C. Stuart ; Argyle County, A. Ounningham ; Darlina; river, 3Irs. Ford.

Victoria. From the Ulenelg to Gipps' Land, Bobertson, F. Mueller, and others.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, B. Broicn.

Common in the teraperate and subtropical regions of the New and the Old World,
especiaily in the northern hemisphere. Tlie B. nodosum, to which Meissner refers the
Australian specimens, is distinguished by him froni the typical P. JrqjatJnfolhnn chiefly
by the oomparative absence of glands or glandular-pubescence on the pedimcles; but in
this respect the Australian specimens vary as much as the European ones. Browri's
B. elatius inckided the broad-leaved, B. f/landulosum the narrow-leaved speciraens.

11. P. lanigerum, F. Br. Prod. 419. Stems erect, slig-htly branched,
attaining 2 or 3 ft., the whole plant white with a close woolly or
arachnoid tomentum, or the upper surface of the leaves and" the
lower part of the stem at length glabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate,
lanceolate, acuminate, 3 to 4 in. long- or even larger. Stipules sheath-
ing-, usually long-, bordered by few fine cilia. Spikes narrow but rather
dense, 1 to 1| in. long, several in a terminal panicle. Bracts short,
denticulate-ciliate. Perianth often glandular. Style short, with 2 long
branches. Nut flat. — Meissh. in DC. Prod. xiv. 117.

Queensland. Burdekin river, F. Mueller.

N. S. TVales. Hawkesbury, B. Brown ; also in Leichhardt's collection.

Victoria. Wheat fields, Suowy river, F. Mueller.

The species is comraon in E. India, and extends to S. Africa. Although nearly
allied to B. lapathifoUum, of which F. Mueller considers it as a variety, it appear.s
constantly to differ frora the var. incanum of that species, in the abundance of the white
indumentum, and is said to be perennial not annual.

Sect. 4. Amblygonon, Meissn. — Flowers spicate, the spikes in
terminal panicles. Embryo curved towards the back of the cotyledons
(incumbent). Stems tall and erect. Nuts usually flat on both sides
with obtuse margins.

12. P. orientale, Linn. ; 3f('i.ssn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 123. An erect
softly pubescent or hirsute annual of 2 to 5 ft. Leaves on rather lono-
petioles, ovate or the upper ones lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 3 to 6
in. long. Stipules very hairy, closely sheathing- and scarious at the
base, but all except the uppermost expanded at the top into a g-reen
spreading- limb. Spikes (especially in the hirsute form) rather slender,

272 xcix. POLYOONACE^. [Poli/ffonuin.

continuous or slightly interrupted, several in a loose terminal panicle.
Bracts liairy and ciliate. Flowers ratlier larg-e. Stamens usuallj 7.
Stvle witli 2 slender branches. Kut flat or the sides convex, the
niar<'-in obtuse. Radicle curved towards the back of the cotvledons. —
R. Br. Prod. 420.

Queensland. Eockingham Bay, Ballachy ; Rockhampton, common on the edges
of lagoons, &c., JMiUaclii/, 0' Slianesij , Boicman ; Archer's station, Leichhurdt ;
Morelon Bay, C. /Stuart.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown ; Blue Moiintains, Woolls.

Most of the Australian specimens beh^ing to the var. pilosum, Meissn. (P. jnlosum,
Eoxb.), which extcnJs over E. India to S. China and which I ani also unahle to distin-
guish iVoui thc S. American P. his^mhim. H. B. K., or at least froni the Brasilian speci-
mens qiioted and figured by Meissner in Mart. Fl. Bras. Polyg. 13. t. 2, in which I find
the embryo of Amhhjgonon aud not of Persicaria. Of the more glabrous broad-leaved
variety, with shorter, more noddiiig spikes, considered as the typical Asiatic plant, 1
have 'seen no Australian specimens except \Voolls's, which may possibly have been
introduced.

13. P. attenuatum, F. Br. Prod. 420. A tall species, very nearly
allied to P. oricntalc, the stems and foHag-e more or less sprinkled with
rather fine ajjpressed hairs, hoary wlien young, or sometimes nearly
g-labrous. Leaves lanceolate, taperiug- into a very long- point and con-
tracted into a rather long petiole, mostly above 6 in. long. Stipules
entirely sheathing-, truncate and shortly cihate, without the green Hmb
of P. orientalc. Spikes continuous, 1| to 3 in. long, few on rather long-
peduncles in a terminal panicle. Bracts rather thick, truncate, shortly
ciliate or entire. Perianth, stamens, style, nut and embryo entirely of
P. oricntalc. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 117.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown ; Upper Victoria
river, iSturfs Creek, Wentworth, Fiinders and Macarthur rivers, F. Mueller.

N. S. 'Wales? Near the Darling river, Victorian BJxpedition (a very imperfcct
epecimen).

S. Australia. Cooper's Creek, Howitfs Expedition ; Cooper's and ThomBou"s
rivers, A. C. Gregory.

I have not identified this with any Asiatic spccies, biit I am unable to distinguish it
from the Brasilian P. spectahile, Mart. ; Meissu. in DC. Prod. xiv. 119, and in Mart. Fl.
Bras. Polygon. 13. t. 3, in the seeds of which 1 find the radicle incumbent as in Ambly-
gonum. Meissner has not figured thc embryo either in this or in P. hisjiidum.

4. MUHLENBECKIA, Meissn.

Flowers mostly dioecious. Perianth of 5 segments, all equal or the
otiter ones slightly enhirged. Stamens 8 or rarely fewer, filaments
short, the anthers oblong- in the males, small and imperfect or abortive
in the femalcs. Ovary in the females 3-angled, with a very short
trifid style and 3 more or less fringed stigmas, small and rudimentary
in the males. Nut triangular or nearly giobular, ench)sed in the per-
sistent membranous or succulent perianth. — Undershrubs slirubs or
woody twiners, rarely herbaceous from the base ; all at least of the
Australian species ghabrous. Stipules brown and scarious, loosely
sheathing, very soon torn or ragged. Flowers small, g-reen or whitisn,
in whorl-like chisters, axillary or within small sheathing' bractSj in

Muhlenbeckia.] xcix. polygonace.e. 273

axillary or terminal simple or paniculate interrupted spikes. Radicle
usually curved towards the back of tlie cotyledons (incumbent), rarely
here and there towards their edge (accumbent).

The genus extends to New Zealand, extratropical S. America, and along tlie Andes
to Mexico. Of the seven Australian species, one is identical with a New Zealand one,
aiiother is closely allied as well to a New Zealand as to a S. American species, the
others appear to be endemic.

Leaves more or less cordate hastate or sagittate, usually broad
aiid above 1 iii. long. Stem prostrate or climbing.
Fruit globular, obscurely angled, not rngose, with the periantli
succulent. Spikes mostly axillary.
Leaves rather thick, obtuse or shortly acuminate . . . . 1. M. adpressa.
Leaves thin, with a long point. Spikes very slender.

Flowers small 2. M. gracillima.

Fruit ovoid, more or less 3-angled, very rugose. Leaves

rather thick. Spikes mostly in a large terminal panicle . 3. M. rhyticarya.
Leaves ovate or rounded, under ^ in. long. Stenis short, pros-

trate, and densely matted. Fruit prominently 3-3ngled . . 4. M. axillaris.
Leaves narrow, tapering at the base. Erect or diiiuse under-
shrubs or shrubs.
Stems stout, decumbent, uot much branched. Leaves broadly

lanceolate. Spikes axillary. Fruit globular b. M. polyhotrya.

Shrub. Leaves on hixm-iant bramhes lanceolate or rarely
hastate, on the others small and iinear. Clusters axillai-y,

with few small flowers. Fruit globular, 3-angled . ... 6. M . polygonoides.
Shrub. Leaves on luxuriant branches linear, on tiie others
very small or uone. Clusters mostly in terminal spikes.
Fruit prominently 3-angled 1. M. Cunninghamii.

1. M. adpressa, Meissn. Gen. Pl. Comm. 227, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 272,
and in DC. Prod. xiv. 145. Stems woody at the base, prostrate and
spreading- or climbing-. Leaves petiolate, from orbicular-cordate to
broadly lanceolate, hastate, obtuse or scarcely acuminate, rarely under
1 in. long- except on the smaller branchlets, and in luxuriant specimens
3 in. or more, the marg-ins often undulate-crisped. Spikes interrupted,
1 to 2 or even 3 in. long-, solitary or clustered in the axils, scarcely
paniculate at the end of the branches, the Hower-clusters distant, the
lowest usually at the base of the rhachis and sometimes the whole spike
reduced to a sessile cluster. Bracts 1 to 2 lines long-. Flowers few in
each cluster, the males more numerous than the females. Fruiting;
perianth g-lobular, more or less succulent. Nut completely enclosed in
the perianth, nearly g-lobuhir, the three ang-les very obtuse or obscure,
not rug-ose. Seed with 3 lono-itudinal furrows. — Hook f. Fl. Tasm. i.
308 ; Polijgonum adpres.mni, Labill. Pl. JXov. Holl. i. 99, t. 127 ; R. Br.
Prod. 420 (partly) ; Sarcogonwn adpressum, Don. in Sweet Hort. Brit.
ed. 3, 577 (Meissner).

The three following fnrms of this plant appear to be nearly constant enough to be
reckoned as distinct species.

a. rotundifolia. Stems traiiing on the ground or climbing on bushes, rarely above
6 ft. high. Leaves broad and short. Perianth not very succulent.

N. S. Wales ? Medway river near Berrima, Jliss Atkinson. (Uncertain, the
specimens in leaf only).

Victoria. Wendu vale, Rohertson ; mouth of the Glenelg, Allitt; Wimmera,
Dallachy ; Yowaka river, F. Mueller.

VOL. V. T

274 xcix. POLYGONACE^. [Muhlenbeckia.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, B. Brown; common along the seacoast, J. D.
Hooktr.

S. Australia. Seacoast, Spencei's and St. Vincenfs gulfs, F. Jfuellerand others;
Kangaroo islands, Waterhou^e ; Gawler ranges, SuUivan.

W. Australia. Labillanliere ; Swan river, JJrummond, n. 204, Preiss, n. 1205,
Oldfield; Kalgan and Gordon rivers, Oldfield; Stirling and Plantagenet ranges to
Cape Arid, Maxwell.

b. hastifolia, Meissn. Leaves broadly lanceolate-hastate, twice or three times as
long as broad, mostly acuminate. Stems climbing over the tops of tall trees. Flowers
and fruiting perianths large, the latter very succulent. — 3f. Uunnii, Hook. f. in Hook.
Lond. Journ. vi. 278; Polygonum adj^ressum, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3145.

Tasmania. In humid forests on rich soils, Gunn.
S. Australia. Near Port Adelaide, F. Mueller.

c. flexuosa. Leaves scarcely 1 in. long, broad, obtuse or shortly acuminate. Flowers
smaller than in the type and chiefiy in axillary clusters. Fruit not seen. — M. flexuosa,
Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 624, and in I>C. Prod. xiv. 148.

V^. Australia. Middie island, A. Cunningham; Goderich district, Preiss, n.
1355; Gordon and Kalgan rivers, Oldfield; Albany, F. Mueller.

Hooker (Handb. Fl. N..Zeal. 236) and some others have considered this and the
M. australis, Forst., a native of New Zealand and Norfolk Isiand, as one species. In
the latter, however, the inflorescence is more branched, the nut more shining, very
prominently 3-angled, and usually exceeding the scarcely succulent perianth, and it
seems to me to be at least as distinct as the M. gracillima.

2. M. gracillima, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 145. A tall herbaceous
twiner, mucli niore slender tlian M. adpressa and 31. rhytiearya. Leaves
on lonjj- petioles, ovate-cordate or broadly sag-ittate, acuminate, mem-
branous, tlie margins usually crisped, 1 to 2 or rarely 3 in. long-. Spikes
very slender, almost filiform, simple or paniculately branched, the
males much long-er and more branched than the females, the flower-
clusters small and distant. Perianth not above 1 line diameter when
fully spread. Stig-mas hirge and copiously fi'ing-ed. Fruiting- perianth
g-lobular and succulent, enclosing- an opaque obscurely 3-ang'led nut as
in M. adpre.ssa, but considerably smaller. — Polygonuin adpirssum, R. Br.
Prod. 420 (partly).

Queensland. Moreton Bay, Leichhardt ; Kockhampton, 0'Shanesy ; Dawson and
Biirnett rivers, F. Muelkr.

N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson to the Biue Mountains, B. Broion and others ; New
England, C.Stuart; Glendon, Leichhardt ; Macleay, Clarence and Hastings rivers,
BecJdcr ; southward to lllawarra, Iderb. Hooker and F. Mucller.

3. M. rhyticarya, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 92. Stems climbing-, woody
at the base. Leaves mostly broadly ovate-cordate, obtuse or shortly
acuminate, 1 to 2 in. long-, often rather thick and giaucous, resembling-
those of the broad-leaved form of M. adpressa. Spikes long- and in-
terrupted in the upper axils, and forming- a larg-e loose terminal panicle.
Flowers rather larger than in M. adpressa. Fruiting- perianth ahnost
membranous, enclosing- an ovoid-triquetrous nut often 2 lines long- and
deeply rugose. Seed scarcely furrowed.

Queensland. Cape York, Daemel; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Edgecombe and
Eocl<in^hani Bays, Dallachy.

N. S. Wales. New England, C. Stuart ; Shoalhaven Gullies, C. Moore.

R. Brown's specimens oi Polyg mum adpressum, from Keppcl and Shoalwater Bays,
appear to belong to M. rhyticarya, but tliey are not in fruit.

Muhlenbeckia.] xcix. polygonaceje. 2?5

4. M. axillaris, Ilook.f. in Ilook. Lond. Journ. vi. 278; Fl. Tasm.
i. 308. A small ditfuse or prostrate shrub, forming' matted patches of a
few in. diameter, or sending- out weak ilexuose stems of (J in. to nearly
1 ft. Leaves on slender petioles, ovate oblong* or ahiiost orbicular,
under |- in. long-. Flowers small, soHtarv or 2 or 3 together in the
upper axils or at tlie ends of the branches, on very short pedicels.
Stig-mas at length denticulate but without the long fringes of most
species. Nuts as long- as the scarcely succulent Iruiting- perianth,
smooth and prominently 3-angled. Seed not seen perfect. — Meissn. in
DC. Prod. xiv. 147 ; M. parvifolia, Meissn. in Linnaja, xxvi. 362.

N. S. TVales, Anderson, Vicary ; iiaked rocky margins of Fish river, ^. CMWKira^qr-
ham ; Lord Ho\ve's Islaiid, C. Moore.

Victoria. Gravelly baiiks of the Mitta-Mitta, Maroka valley and Snowy river, F.
Mueller.

Tasmania. Moist places in various parts of the colony, ascending to 4000 ft., /. D.
Hooker.

This species is also in New Zealand.

5. M. polybotrya, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 623, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 145. Stems woody at the base, decumbent or ascending-, 1 to 2 ft.
long-, rather stout and not much branched. Leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acute, narrowed into a rather long* petiole, the larg-er ones 2 to 3 in.
long. Spikes interrupted, the males usually numerous and long-er than
the leaves, the females short. Male penanths about 1 Hne long-, on
rather long- pedicels, females larger on shorter pedicels. Stigmas more
or less fring-ed. Fruiting- perianth scarcely thickened. Nut nearly
g"lobular, obscurely 3-angled, Seed with 6 prominent longitudinal
obtuse angles separated by 3 deep and narrow, and 3 alternate shallow
furrows. Embryos observed incumbently and accumbently incurved
in ditferent seeds from the same specimen. — F. Muell. Frag-m. iv. 130,
also named Polijgomun polybotryum.

^V. Australia. Swau river, Drummond, Oldfield, Preiss, n. 1353, and others.

6. M. polygonoides, F. Muell. Frugm. v. 73. A diifuse or erect
undershrub or shrub, attaining several ft., with numerous branches
elongated and leaiy when young" or luxuriant, clustered wiry and
appearing- sometimes almost lealiess on old stems. Leaves linear or
lanceolate, contracted at the base, rarely broad or occasionally hastately
3-lobed on luxuriant shoots, small and narrow on most flowering'
branches. Flowers small, very few together and the females often
almost solitary, all axillary. Perianth under 1 line long- when in flower,
1 to l^ lines when in fruit but scarcely succulent. Style shortly
3-lobed, the stigmas at first somewhat dilated and entire, larger and
lobed or fringed when friHy out. N ut nearly globular, obtusely 3-angled,
somewhat shining but often sliglitly rugose. Seed not furrowed. —
Polygonum diclmum, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 203, and in
Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 23 : Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 85 ; Muhlen-
heckia stenaphylla, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 138; Polygonum angustissimum,
F. Muell, Frag-m, v. 92,

t2

276 xcix. POLYOONACE^. [Muhlenbeckia.

N. S. 'Wales. Murray river near the mouths of the Murrumbidgee and Darling
rivers, F. Mv.eller.

Victoria. Rocky mountains on the Macalister and Snowy rivers, F. Mueller ;
Wimnicra, DaUac/nj.

7. "M., Cunninghamii, F. Muell. Frcuim. v. 91. A slirub, some-
times low jracl bushy, sometimes attaining- 6 to 8 ft. or even taller, witli
numerous terete sulcate or ang-ular branches, the young- and luxuriant
ones often with a few linear or linear-hmceolate leaves of 1 to 3 in.
contracted into a rather long- petiole, but most of the branches rig-id or
rushlike often chistered and either quite leailess or with a few linear
leaves. Stipules deciduous. Flower-clusters solitary or in short spikes
at the leafless nodes or in the axils of the small leaves forming- long-
terminal interrupted spikes. Perianth rather above 1 line long-. Style
3-branched, with broad peltate terminnl stigmas more like those of a
Polyganum than of a MtMcnheckia, but the flowers quite dioecious. Nut
prominently 3-angled, smooth and shining-, enclosed in the ovoid
slig-htly thickened perianth which is enlarg-ed to from 1|^ to 2 lines in
leng'th. Seed scarcely furrowed. — Polyr/onmn Cunninrjhamii, Meissn. in
Linnaea, xxvi. 3G4, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 85 ; Muhlcnhcckia Jlorulenta,
Meissn. in Linnoea, xxvi. 362 j Pohjgonum junceum^ A. Cunn, j Lindl. in
Mitch. Trop. Austr. 85.

W. Australia. Victoria river, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Eockhampton, O^ Shanesij ; Suttor river, ^owmare ; Bokhara Creek,
Leichhardt .• Curriwiilighie, Dalton ; Uarling Downs, Lau.

N. S. V^ales. Liverpool Plains, Leichhardt, C. Moore ; Lachlan river, A. Cun-
w«?if;/irt?;i ; Macquarrie river, Mitchell; Murray and Darling rivers to the Barrier
Ranije, Victorian and other Expeditions.

Victoria. Wendu Vale, Bobertson ; Melbour.ie, Adamson; Bacchus Marsh and
Station Peak, F. Mueller; Creswick, Whan.

S. Australia. Muriay river to St. Vincent's GulP, F. Mueller ; Salt Creek, Behr;
Dombey Bay, WUhelmi ; towards Spencer's Gulf, Warhurton.

"W. Australia. Between Moore and Murchison rivers, Drummond, &th coll. n.
•218.

Order C. NYCTAGINE^.

Perianth simple, inferior, the lower portion persistent and enclosing-
the ovary and fruit, the upper portion variously shaped, with 6 rarely
4 ang-les folds teeth or lobes, deciduous or withering-. Stamens either
of the same number as the folds or teeth of the perianth or fewer or
more, often inconstant in the same species, and never more than 20,
inserted on (or united at the base with) a narrow or cupshaped disk
more or less adnate to the stipes of the ovary witliin tlie perianth (or
rarely free from the base ?) ; filaments slender, usually exserted ; an-
thers 2-celled, the cells attached back to back and opening- long-itudi-
nally round the outer margin. Ovary shortly stipitate within the base
of the perianth, 1-celled, with 1 erect anatropous ovule. Style ter-
minal, simple, undivided, with a sing-le stigma. Fruit 1-seeded,
enclosed in the persistent toug-h or hardened base of the perianth
which falls off with it having the appearance of a pericarp, the real

c. nyctagine.t:. 2/7

pericarp tliin anJ menibranous niore or less adherent to and often inse-
parable from the equally thin testa of the seed. Embryo curved trans-
versely folded or longitudinally convohite around or within a mealy
albumen, radicle infcrior. — Herbs slirubs or trees, the nodes often
tumid and articuhite. Leaves usually opposite, often unequal in each
pair, rarely alternate, usually entire or scarcely sinuate. Flowers soli-
tary ckistered or umbeUate, the bracts in many genera not Australian
forming- an involucre round them sometimes larg-e and coloured, but
often small, and in the Austrahan g'enera the bracts all very small and
deciduous.

A small Order of which the genera are all Araerican. and exclusively so with the
exception of the two found in Australia, which are hoth of them widely dispersed over
the tropical and suhtropical regions of both the New and the Old World.

Herbs with small flowers. Upper portioii of Ihe perianth deciduous.

Stamens 1 to 4. Embryo foided 1. Boerhaavia.

Trees, shruhs, or woody climhers. Liuib of the purianth persistent
on the fruit. Stamens usually 6 to 8. Embryo straight, cotyledons
convolute 2. Pisoxia.

1. BOERHAAVIA, Linn.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Upper portion of the perianth campanulate
or funnel-shaped, truncate and plicate or very shortly 5-lobed, falHng*
off after flowering-, leaving- the lower portion persistent and enclosing'
the ovary and fruit. Stamens 1 to 4, usually exserted. Stig-ma dilated
peltate or obhque. Fruit completely enclosed in the somewhat hardened
6-ribbed base of the perianth. Embryo transversely folded at the base
of the cotyledons. — Herbs usually perennial. Leaves opposite. — Flowers
small, in little chisters or umbels on simple or branched axillary pedun-
cles. Bracts and bracteoles very small.

The genus is widely diffused over the tropical and subtropical regions of the New and
the Old World. The AustraHan species are both Asiatic, one a common weed in Africa
aiid Asia, the other perhaps confineil to Asia ; botli, however, require further compa-
rison with some of the American species.

Leaves orbicular or ovate to narrow-lanceolate. Deciduous portion of

the perianth campanulate, not exceeding 1 line 1. B. diffusa.

Leaves cordate-ovate to hinceolati'. Deciduous portion of the perianth

3 to 4 lines long, funnel-shaped, with a iiarrow tube 2. B. repanda.

1, B. diffusa, Linn. Clwis. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 452. A perennial
with procumbent diffuse or ascending" stems extending* sometimes to
several ft., the whole plant g"labrous, or the lower portion and foHag-e
pubescent or hirsute, with a few long-er articulate hairs and sometimes
g-landular-viscid. Leaves of each pair unequal or nearly equal, petio-
late, the lower ones often broadly ovate or orbicular ^ to 1 in. diameter,
the upper ones usually smaller or narrower, sometimes nearly all narrow-
lanceohite, from very obtuse to acute, entire sinuate or crisped on the
margins especiaUy when hirsute, the smaller ones sometimes chistered
in the axils, the noral ones passing- into minute bracts. Flowers very
small, pale pink, sessile or on very short pedicels somewhat leng^thened

2?8 C. XYCTAOINE.^. [Bocrhanvia.

under tlie fruits, in little heads or umbels on filiform peduncles more
or less branclied into compound umbels or irreg'ular panicles axillary
or terminal. Bracts under tlie pedicels small and lanceolate, with a
pair of minute bracteoles under the perianth. Perianth constricted
above the ovary, thc lower portion about ^ line long-, rather thick, 5-
ribbed, studdod with stipitate g-lands, tbe upper deciduous portion cam-
panulate, petal-like, scarcely lobed, from | to rather above 1 Hne long-.
Stamens usually 3, sometimes 1, 2 or 4, insertedin a narrow cup-shaped
toothed disk adnate to the stipes of the ovary, which as well as the
whole ovary is entirely enclosed in the base of the perianth ; filaments
as long- as or rather long-er than the perianth. Fruiting base of the
perianth oblong--turbinate, glandular-muricate when dry, becoming- en-
veloped in mucilage in hot water, from 1 to nearly 2 lines long\ — B.
mtitabiUs, Br. Prod. 422, Chois. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 455, (there placed
in a wrong" division) ; Nees in Pl. Preiss. i. G22 ; F. Muell. Pl. Vict.
ii. t. 0)7 , (the insertion of the stamens and style incorrect) ; B. puhesceiis,
R. Br. Prod. 422 ; B. procumbens, Roxb. ; Wig-ht, Ic. t. 874.

N. Australia. Vicforia river, F. Mueller ; Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R.
liroicn; (^laliroiis, glandular-pubescent and very villous-tomentose varieties), Henne;
Adams Bay, Hulh ; Port Essington, Armstrong ; Port Darwin, SclmUz.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, li. Brown; Port ]\Iolle and Isies ofF Cape Flattery,
3l'GiUivrai/ ; Howick's group, F. Mueller ; llockingliam Bay, Dallachy ; common
about Rockhampton, Daltachy and others ; Nerkool and Amity Creeks, &c., Bowman ;
Warwick, BecJder ; on the Maranoa, Mitchell (some of the specimens veryhirsute, with
the leaves white underneath) ; Armadillo, Barton ; Curriwillighie, Dalton.

fi. S. ^Vales. Mudgee, Woolls; from the Darling river to the Barrier Eange,
Victorian and other Expeditions ; New England, C. Stuart.

Victoria. Murray river, Moimt Hope, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Spencer's Gulf, B. Broion; Flinders Eange, Taberton, F. 3Iueller;
Cooper's Creek, Howitt'8 Exjjedition.

^iV. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Preiss, n. 2389; Murchison river, Old-
field ; Port \\'alcott, Harper.

The glabrous and hirsute states are generally found in the same localities, the former,
however, by far the most frequent. The species is a common weed iu the warmer
regions of Asia and Africa.

2. B. repanda, Willd. ; Cliois. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 455. A stouter
and coarser plant than B. dijfusu, usually g-labrous and spreading-.
Leaves petiolate, cordate-ovate or lanceolate, tisually acuminate, the
marg-ins undulate, rather thick, often above 1 in. long-, but some-
times small. Flowers pedicellate in umbels on axillary or terminal
peduncles and very frcquently with a whorl of G to 8 pedicellate flowers
at some distance from the terminal umbel. Pedicels 2 to 6 lines long,
or more usually unequal in the same umbel, not so slender as in B.
diffum. Lower portion of the perianth under 1 line long-, g-landular
muricate as in B. dijfusa, upper deciduous portion fimnel-shaped, 3 to 4
lines long', the slender part of the tube as long- as the canipanulate suni-
mit. Stamens usually 2 or 3, sometimes 4, exserted. Fruit consider-
ably long-er tlian in B. dijfusa. — Wig-ht, Ic. t. 1?GG.

Queensland. Lady Eliiott's Island, Capit. Eobertson.

Bocrhaavia.\ c. NYCTAGINEiE. 2?0

W. Australia. Sharks Bay, 3Iilne, Maitland Brown ; between Moore and
Murchison rivers, Drummond, Qth coll. n. 217.

Tlie species has a considerable range iu East ludia, the ludian Arcbipelago, &c.,
chiefly in maritime districts.

2. PISONIA, Linn.

Flowers liermaphrodite or unisexual, Periantli in the hermaphro-
dite ilowers contracted ahove tlie ovary, in the males campanulate, in
the females ovoid or cyHndrical, the marg-in in all 6-ang'led or 5-toothed.
Stamens usuallj 6 to 8, long-er than the perianth, none in the female
flowers. Ovary entirely wanting- or imperfect in the male flowers.
Stig-ma in the females dihited, ohlique. Fruiting- perianth ohlong- or
elong-ated, 5-rihbed, smooth or g-landuhir-muricate, crowned by the
small withered limb of the perianth. Seed oblong* with a deep long-i-
tudinal furrow. Albimien scantj. Embryo straig-ht, the cotyledons
convolute over the intruded testa. — Trees shrubs or woody climbers.
Leaves opposite or scattered. Flowers in dense or loose cymes, often
arrang-ed in terminal panicles. Bracts and bracteoles very small or none.

The species are numerous in tropical and subtropical America, but there are also a
few in soutbern Asia and in tbe island region from tbe S African coast to tbe Pacific.
Of the three Australiau species one is widely spread over tbe tropical regions both of
tbe New and tbe Old World, another extends to Nortolk Islaud and New Zealand, and
possibly to some of tbe islauds of the Eastern Archipelago aud South Pacific, the tbird
may be endemic, but closely resembles if it be not identical witb a Pacific island spe-
cies, tbe synonymy, bowever, notwithstanding tbe researcbes of Seemaun, remaius ex-
ceedingly confused, and tbe specimens uow in our herbaria are wbolly insufficieut to
clear it up.

Tall 'woody climber witb axillary spines. Flowers uuisexual. Fruit-

ing periantb muricate \. P. aculeata.

Unarraed trees.

Flowers unisexual. Periantb sbortly villous, muricate wben in

fruit 2. P. inermis.

Flowers (all ?) berraapbrodite. Periantb glabrous, elongated and

smootb or miuutely papillose-scabrous wben iu fruit . . . . 3. P. Brunoniana.

1. P. aculeata, Lim. ; Clwis. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 440. A tall
woody cKmber, forming- impenetrable masses on the borders of forests,
reduced to a low strag'g'hng- bush in open places, g-hibrous or rarely
pubescent, often armed with stout recurved axinary prickles (abortive
peduncles). Leaves opposite or here and there alternate, petiolate, ovate,
often broad, or rarely oblong- or lanceolate, obtuse, entire, rarely exceed-
ing' 3 in. and often all under 2 in. long-. Flowers dioecious, in small
dense cvmes or g-lobuhir chisters, of which several are usually collected
into small panicles in the upper axils, the common peduncle rarely ex-
ceeding- the leaves and often very short. Male perianths shortly pedi-
ceUate, campanulate, shortly and broadly 5-toothed, the bud chivate and
prominently 5-ang-led at the top, opening- to about 2 Hnes diameter.
Female perianths nearly sessile, ovoid, about 1 line long:, obscurely 5-
toothed, enclosing- the ovary, the style shortly protruding-, with a deeply
lobed or fring-ed stig-ma. Fruits in loose cymes forming- often hirg-e

280 C. NYCTAGIXKJi. [PisOHia.

panicles, the pedicels lengtliening" to above ^ in., the enlarged perianth
oblong- or linear-clavate, ^ to | in. lono-, 5-ribbed, g-landular-muricate. —
Wig-hl-, Ic. t. 1703, 1764 ; P"^ vinosa,Foir. ; Chois. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii.
44U ; P. limonclla, Blume ; Chois. l.c. 446.

Queensland. Cape York, Baemel; Burdeldn river, Fitzalan ; Edgecombe and
Rockinfrham Bays, Dallachy ; Broad Sound and Nerkool Creek, Bowman ; Ko.khamp-
ton, 0'S/ianesi/.

N. S. Wales. Chirence river, Beckler ; TweeJ river, C. Jloore.

Tbe Kpocics is vcry widcly distributed over tbe tropical regions of the New and the
Old World, espccially in maritime districts.

2. P. inermis, Forst. Prod. 75. A tall tree, glabrous except the in-
floreseence. Loaves petiolate, ovate or oblong, acuminate or almost
obtuse, rounded or narrowed at the base, often 6 to 8 in. long-. Flowers
dioecious, small, colloctod in small cymes forming a terminal cor^-mbose
rather compact panicle, usm^lly shortly peduncuhite and much shorter
than the leaves. Periauths both male and fomale narrow, ovoid-oblong,
scarcely 2 lines long- at the time of ilowering- the males rather longer
and more dilated at the orificethan the females, allpubescent or villous.
Stamens shortly exserted. Style scarcely protruding from the females.
Fruiting- perianths in a loose panicle on more or less elongated pedicels,
the perianth about J in. long-, very prominently muricate along* the
angles. — P. grancUs, K. Br. Prod. 422; Chois. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 441 ;
Endl Iconogr. t. 30.

N. Australia. Islands of tbe Giilf of Carpentaria, R. Broirn.

Queensland. Nurtliumberland islands, B,. Brown ; Eockingbam Bay, Dallachy.

The species is also in the Pacific islands, for, as far as can be judgcd from Forster's
specimcns and from the description qnoted by Guilleniin as mentioned below, tbe Tai-
tian and the Australian plant appear to be identical. I bave therefore followed See-
mann in restoring to it Forster's narae, the previfjusly pullished P. iner-inis, Jacq. being
referred by Choisy to P. nigricans, Sw., by Seemann to P. mitis, Linn.

3. P. Brunoniana, Endl. Prod. Fl. Korf. 43, hut not of Chois. A
tree attaining sometimes a great height, quite ghibrous or the inllores-
cence minuteh' pubescent, but never so much so as in P. inermis. Leaves
mostly opposite, the upper ones sometimes irreguhirly alternate or ap-
proximate so as to appear verticillate, petiokite, from broadly ovate to obo-
vate elhptical or almost oblong, obtuse, contracted or rarely rounded at
the base, often 8 in. long or evon more, but sometimes not half that size,
somewliat coriaceous when okl. Flowers mostly hermajdirodite, although
the ovary in some individuals and the stamens in others may be imper-
fect or k'ss porfect, all shortly pedicellate in small cymes collected into
terminal leatioss ])anicles. Perianth wlien fully out usually about 3
Hnes k)i:g, funnol-shaped, the tube distinctly contractedabove the ovary
when that is perfect, scarcely so when it is more or less abortive, ex-
panded and obscurely lobed^at the top. Stamens usually shortly ex-
serted. Fruiting perianth narrow and above 1 in. long-," more or less
5-ang-led, glabrous and smooth or the angles slightly papillose or tuber-
cular, contracled upwards into a narrow neck crowned by the withered

Piso>iM.] c. nyctagine.t:. 281

border of the pemnth. — llook. f. Haiidb. N.Zeal.Fl. 229; P. Shicluini,
Hook. f. FL N. Zeal. i. 209, t. 50 ; P. Mooriana, F. Muell. Frag-m. i. 20.

Queensland. Rockingliam Bay, Dallachy.

W. S. ^Wales. Richmond river, Jiichards, Henderson ; Tllawarra, A. Ounning-
ham, C. Moore ; also Sydney woods, Paris Exhibitioii, 1855, Macarthur, n. 197.

The species is also in Norfolk islaiid and New Zeahiiid, ail other stations dnubtful,
for tiie identilication of the Austrahisian aiid Polynesian specimens of P/.so)u'a is often
impossible from their inconipleteness. The Ibliage alfords no marks, and the flowcrs
and fruits are often mismatched. Choisy in UC. Prod. xiii. ii. 4-11, lias described as
P. Brunoniana the Pacific islaml P. procera, Bert., figured iii Deiess. Ic. Sel. iii. t. 87,
and (as P. Forsteriana) in Pl. Meyen. t. 51, a species not unlike the P. Brunoniana
when seen in fruit, but with very different flowers, these being dicecious in all tlie spe-
cimens I have seen, the maie perianth campanulate and prorainently 5-!ob' d, the female
perianth much smaller and ovoid-oblong. This has been correctly identified by See-
mann witli the Ceodes umbellifera, Forst., and if HorsfieWs specimens are rightly de-
terminetl, with P. excelsa, Blume, a name which under all the circumstances ougl^t, I
think, to have the preference over P. umhellifera, Scem. ; nor can I agree with Seemann
in referring to it the Austraiian plant. Witli regard to tlie Norfolk Island and New
Zealand species which Seemann separates from the Australian one aiid refers to P.
inermis, Forst., he has been evidently misled by Guillemin, who Zeph. Tait. in Ann. Sc.
Nat. Ser. 2, vii. 191, having before him only the P. procera, Bert. {Ceodes, Forst.) re-
fers to it Forster's manuscript description of P. inermis, Forst.

Ordeu ci. MYRISTICE^.

Flowers dioecious, regailar. Perianth deciduous, 3-lobed or rarely
2- or •i-lobed, tlie lobes valvate in the bud. Male 11. Stamens united
in a central cohimn ; antliers 3, 6, or more adnate to the column at the
apex, or in a ring- immediately below the column, each with 2 parallel
cells opening- long-itudinally. Female 11. Ovary free within the perianth,
Avith a singie erect anatropous ovule ; stig'ma sessile or nearly so, capi-
tate or depressed. Fruit succulent, opening* tardily in 2 valves. Seed
erect, sessile, more or less covered with a lobed or jag"g"ed often scarlet
arillus (or arillodium) proceeding' from the base of the seed. Albumen
remarkably ruminate. Embrj^o very small, at the base of the seed, Avith
divaricate cotyledons. — Trees, often aromatic. Leaves alternate, entire,
usually dotted, penniveined, without stipules. Flowers small, in axillary
or supra-axillary racemes or panicles, more numerous in the males than
in the females. Bracts minute or none.

The Order is limited to the single genus Mijristica.

1. MYRISTICA, Linn.
Characters those of the Order.

The geniis is entirely tropical, most abundant in the Eastern Archipelago, wilh a few
species from Continental India or from the Mascarepe and South Pacific islands, and
several from tropical America. The only Australian species may be endemic, but is
closely allied to an Indian one.

1. M. insipida, R. Br. Prod. 400. A flne tree of 60 to 70 ft. or more
{pallachy), giabrous but the young- brauches and petioles often ferru-

282 ci. MYRiSTiCEiE. [Myrktictt.

ginous. Leaves oval-elliptical or oblong', shortly acuminate, rounded
or cuneate at the base, all under 4 in. long- in some specimens, all above
6 in. in others, and often very variable in size and relative breadth on
the same specimens, pale and sliining- above with the veins impressed,
more or less g-laucous underneath, \\\t\\ from 7 to 20 prominent primary
veins on each side of the midrib. Male flowers few or rather munerous,
in sessile axillary chisters. Pedicels shorter than the perianth, with a
small broad ciholate bract close under the flowers. Perianth cyUndrical,
2 to 2^ hnes long, with 3 lobes scarcely above | hne long. Staminal
cohmm included, not dilated at the top ; anthers 6, Hnear, adnate in a
ring- below the top of the column and occupying | of itslength. Female
flowers not seen. Fruits sohtary or 2 together on very short thick
axillary pedicels, ovoid or ovoid-oblong, about 1 in. long, rusty-tomen-
tose or nearly ghibrous. Seeds normal ; embryo with very small thick
divaricate cotvledons quite entire. — A. DC. Prod. xiv. 206 ; A. cimici-
fcra, R. Br. J>rod. 400; A. DC. l.c. 191.

N. Anstralia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Bruiisvick Bay,
A. CunniiHiliam ; Melville island, Fraser ; Port Essington, Armstrong.

Queensland. Endeavour river, JBanls and Solander ; Albanj island, W. Hill ;
Eockingham Baj, Dallachy ; near Eockhampton, Tkozet.

^he speciesis very near to 31. Zeylanica, A. DC, united by Thwaites with Ji. lauri-
folia, Hook. f. and Thoms. from Ceylon, and is indeed scarcely to be distingiiished
from it, as far as our specimens show, but by the narrower perianth and apparently
fewer anthers.

Order CII. MONIMIACE^.

Perianth regular, usually at first globular or nearly so and more or
less adnate to or continuous with the expanded receptacle or staminal
disk, the hmb of 4 or more connivent lobes or segments in 2 or rarely
more rows but all of similar texture, calvcine or scarcely petaloid,
deciduous or persistent. Stamens either definite and opposite the peri-
anth-segments or more frequently indefinite and irregularly arranged
in several rows ; filaments very short ; anthers adnate, usually extrorse,
the cells opening in separate valves or in longitudinal sHts, either dis-
tinct or confluent at the apex. Gynoecium of several carpels, free and
distinct, rarely reduced to a single one, each with a single ascending'
or pendulous anatropous ovule. Style terminal, usuaUy obhque ex-
centrical or almost lateral, fihform or very short or almost none, with
a small or pulvinate terminal stigma. Fruit of several (or rarely only
one) 1-seeded drupes or nuts, resting on the expanded receptacle or per-
sistent portion of the perianth-tube or enclosed in the enlarged perianth.
Seed with a memljranous testa and fleshy albumen. Embryo usuaUy
very smaU, with divaricate or appressed cotyledons and a short or long
radicle next the hihun. — Trees shrubs or woody cUmbers, usuaUy
glandular-dotted and aromatic. Leaves opposite, entire or toothed,
without stipules. Howers soUtary or in trichotomous c^^nes or definite
raceme-Uke or thyrsoid panicles, axiUary or rarely teVminah Bracts
usuaUy very smaU.

CII. MONIMIACE^. 283

The Order is chiefly South American, trapical with a few extratropical species, and
is also represented in the Mascarene islands and more sparingly in tropical Asia, New
Zealand, and the islanJs of the Soiilh Parific. Of the eight Australian genera one is
specially American, another is Asiatic, a third is represented in New Zealand and extra-
tropical South Ameiica, a fourth iu New Zealand and the South Pacific, and tlie re-
maining ibur are endemic.

Anther-cells distinct, opeiiing each iu a separate valve from the base
upwards.
Ovule ascending. Peduncles short with 1 or 3 rather large
flowers. Style bearJed and persisting.
Flowers hermaijiiroJite. Anther-connective with a long subu-

hite appendage 1. Doryphoka.

Flowers unisexuai. Anther-connective not produced ... 2. Atherosperma.
Ovule pendulous. Fiowers liermapiirodite, small, in thyrsoid

panicles. Anther-counective not produced 3. Daphnakdra.

Anther-celis opening longitudiually and confluent in a single reni-
forni or horse-shoe cell. Flowers unisexual, small. Ovule
pendulous. Perianth 4-lobed.
Stamens indefinite, i'e\v or numerous, irreguhirly lining the peri-

antli-tube. Flowers usually dicecions 4. Mollinedia.

Stamens 4 opposite the perianthlobes, with frequently 1 to 3

smaller ones within. Flowers usually moncecious 5. Kibara.

Anthers, at least the outer ones, with 2 distinct cells opening longi-
tudinally. Flowers unisexual or polygamous.
Carpels numerous. Anthers almost sessile.

Fruiting-perianth circumsciss or expanding under the carpels

and scarcely enlarged 6. Hedycarya.

Fruiting-perianth enlarged, irregularly globular, completely en-

closing the carpels. Climber 7. Palmekia.

Carpels solitary. Fiiaments filiform, nearly as long as the anthers.

Climber 8. Piptooalyx,

1. DORYPHOEA, Endl.

(Learosa, JReichb.)

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-tube campanulate, seg-ments 6 in
2 rows. Stamens usually 6 perfect, opposite the perianth-seg-ments
round the orifice of the tube, with (3 to 12 staminodia within them ;
filaments short, with a wing-Hke appendage on each side, anthers ex-
trorse, with 2 distinct cells opening Irom the base upwards in convex
valves, the connective produced into a long- Hnear-subulate appendage.
Carpels several at the base of the tube with one ascending- ovule in
each. Style long-, sHghtly lateral. Fruiting* carpels inchided in the
persistent perianth-tube, the segments deciduous, each carpel growing-
out laterally so that the long" phmiose style appears almost basal. Seed
not seen perfect. — Tree. Leaves toothed. Flowers 3 together on short
axillary peduncles. The whole plant highly aromatic.

The genus is limited to a single species endemic in Australia.

1. D. sassafras, U/idl. Icotwgr. t. 10. A tree of considerable size
but of irregular growth, glabrous except the inilorescence or the young-
shoots hoary-tomentose. Leaves petiolate, ovate elHptical or oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate, coarsely toothed, narrowed at the base, 2 to 4 in.

284 Cll. MMXlMlAfKiE. [Dori/phora.

long", nearly smootli on tlie upper side, prominently penniveined nnd
reticulate underneatli. Peduncdes 2 to 3 lines long-, with a pair of very
deciduous bracts of 3 or 4 lines close under tbe llowers. Perianth-tube
about 1 line long* wben in tiower, enlarg-ed and irregailarly split when
in fruit, seg-ments about 4 lines long-, lanceolate, very acute. Anther-
appendag-es nearl}^ as long- as tbe periantb-seg-ments. Carpels slightly
liairv, the stvles leng-tbening- after fecundation into long* plumose awns.
— Tul. MonogT. Monim, 424; A. DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 676; Baill. Hist.
Pl. i. 318, fig-. 35? to 359.

N. S. TVales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, WooUs and others ; Clarence
river, Beclder ; Manuiug river, C. Moore ; southward to the Illawana, A, Cunningliam,
lialston.

Although the embryo has been described by Endlicher in his Genera Plantaruni, it is
doubtful whether he had seen it, for throughout that work the tribual characters are
repeated under each geuus without having always verified them in each case, and the
seed is not figured iu his above-quoted Icones. In the 2nd Suppl. to the Genera, p. 35,
he proposes to substitute the name of Learo/^a (Reichb. Nomencl. 2612, a woik I can
find no record of) for DorypJiora, the latter being pre-engaged by Zoologists, a plea now
considered insufficient for changing a botanical name.

2. ATHEROSPERMA, Labill.

Flowers dioecious. Perianth-tube campanulate, lobes 8 or rarely 10
in 2 rows. Stamens usually from as many to twice as many as periantb-
lobes, without staminodia in tbe males ; filaments llat, with a wing'-
like appendag-e on each side ; anthers short, extrorse, with 2 distinct
eells opening- from tbe base upwards in convex valves, the connective
truncate. Carpels in the females numerous in several rows, the outer
ones imperfect, tbe inner ones with one erect ovule in each and taper-
ing- into long- styles. Fruiting- perianth-tube persistent, slig-htl}- en-
larg-ed, enclosing- numerous narrow dry carpels, tbe long- persistent
terminal phimose styles exserted, the lobes deciduous. Pericarp and.
testa of the seeds thin ; albumen fleshy. Embryo very small, with
short erect cotyledons. — Trees. Leaves toothed or entire. Flowers
axillarv, in tbe AustraHan species solitary, in others in cymes of 3 to 7.
The whole plant hig-bly aromatic.

Besides the Australian species which is eudemic, the genus comprises one from New
Zealand, and (if Laurelia be regarded as a true congener) oue from extratropical S.
America.

1. A. moschata, LaMll. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 74, t. 224. A tree attain-
ing- a h^rg-e size, tbe young- branches tomentose. Leaves ovate elHptical
oblong- or lanceolate, acute, coarsely and irreg-ularly toothed or entire,
contracted into a ratber short petiole, l^ to 3 in. long-, coriaceous,
g-hibrous above, g-labrous glaucous or white-tomentose underneatb, the
primary somewliat branclied veins alone conspicuous. Flowers sohtary
on axilhir}' ])e(kmcles of -| to \ in. long-, at length recurved. Bracts 2,
ehjse under the ilower, ovate, acute, 4 or 5 lines long-, silky inside and
out, very deciduous. Male perianth-tube ovate-campanulate, about 3

Athcro.'<pcnna.] cii. mOxVIMIACE.i:. 285

lines longj silky outside, g-labrous inside, tlie lobes 4 to o lines long-,
tlie outer ones broader tlian the inner. Stamens about 12, inserted
round the top of the tube in about 3 rows, without staminodia or im-
perfect carpels. Female perianth with rather smaller more silky lobes
than the males, the tube broader and villous inside. Carpels very
numerous, villous, lining- the whole disk and tube in numerous rows,
the two or three outer rows abortive, considered by some as staminodia,
but with the shape and hairs of the carpels and tapering- into a minute
g-labrous rudimentary style, the numerous inner carpels with elong-ated
styles. Fruiting- perianth with a persistent broadly campanulate tube
4 or 5 lines diameter, the lobes deciduous, but the outer abortive carpels
somewhat enlarg-ed and assuming- the appearance of 2 or 3 rows of teeth
to the perianth.— A. DC. Prod. xvi. ii. OrO ; Baill. Hist. PI. i. 320 f
360 to 364; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 12; F. Muell. PI. Vict. i. 24.

Victoria. Rare in dense swampy forest gullies towards Cape Otway, more frequent
at the sources of the Yarra iu the Dandenong ranges, and in tlie southern part of Giuos'
Land, F. Mueller. • ^^

Tasmauia. Common in Beech forests throughout the ishmd, /. D. HooJcer.

3. DAPHNANDRA, Benth.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-tube short, seg-ments about 15 in
about three rows. Stamens 4 or 5, opposite the inner seg-ments ; fila-
ments llat, with a wing--Iike appendag-e on each side ; anthers short,
extrorse, with 2 distinct cells opening- from the base upwards in convex
valves, the connective truncate ; staminodia (or abortive carpels ?) 5 to
12 between the stamens and carpels. Carpels several in 2 or 3 rows
with one pendulous ovule in each, and tapering- into the style. Fruit
unknown. — Tree. Leaves serrate, Flowers small, in axillary thyrsoid
panicles.

The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia. With the stamens of
Atherosperma it has the inflorescence and pendulous ovules of J/oZ^t«efZi'a, and the plant
cannot well be associated with either, although iu the absence of fruit, the generic cha-
racter is as jet inconiplete.

1. D. micrantha, Benth. A handsome tree of moderate size, quite
glabrous or the young- inliorescence minutely hoary. Leaves petiolate,
oblong^-lanceolate or elliptical, acuminate, more or less serrate, contracted
at the base, 3 to 4 in. long-, g-reen on both sides, the primary veins
oblique and anastomosing-. Panicles shorter than the leaves, the flowers
not uumerous. Bracts scarcely 1 line long-, very deciduous. Perianth-
tube short and broad, outer segments broad, about 1 line diameter, inner
ones narrower and more petal-like. Stamens not exceeding- the perianth.
Carpels of the ovary glabrous or slightly hairy, sessile in the hairy
receptacle. — Atherosperma niicranthum, Tul. MonogT. Monim. in Arcliiv.
Mus. Par. viii. 421, t. 34; Alph. DC. Prod. xvi. ii. Q,7(!>.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, Fraser, W. Hill.

N. S. Wales, Clarence, Richmond, and Lansdowne rivers, C. Mocre.

286 cii. MONiMiACEiE. \Mollincdia.

4. MOLLINEDIA, Ring- and Pav.

Flowers unisexual, usually dioecious. Periantli ovoid g-lobular or
turbinate, nearly closed by 4 sbort connivent lobes or rarely, in species
not Australian,' more deeply divided and spreading-. Stamens in the
males indefinite, few or many, irreg-ularly lining- the inside of the
perianth-tube ; anthers sessile or nearly so, the cells confluent at the
apex and opening- longitudinally round the apex and to the base on each
side, without staminodia or abortive carpels. Female perianth circum-
sciss after liowering-; staminodia none. Carpels usually numerous,
covering the receptacle in many rows, with one pendulous ovule in each ;
stvle very short and obtuse or the stigma sessile. Fruiting- carpels
several, oVoid, drupaceous, sessile or stipitate on the expanded recep-
tacle. Seed with a fleshy albumen ; embryo small, with small erect
cotvledons, the radicle superior. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire or
toothed. Flowers small, in axillar}- lateral or almost terminal cymes or
thyrsoid panicles. Bracts very small.

The genus is rather numerous in tropical America, but unknown elsewhere besides
the Australian species, which are endemic.

Leaves coriaceous, much reticulate undemeath, the petioles short.

Young parts often pubescent. Ovary and young fruits villous . 1. M.Suegeliana.
Leaves membranous or chartaceous, obtuse, the veins scarcely pro-

minent. Petioles rather long. Flowers and fruit glabrous . . 2. M. Wardellii.

Species insufficiently known.
Leaves nearly of M. Wardellii. Stamens unknown. Carpels of the

fruit obtusely and obliquely acuminate 3. J/. loxocarya.

Leaves nearly of M. WardeUii, but acutely acuminate. Stamens

crowded on the disk. Fruit unknown 4. J/. acuminata.

1. M. Huegeliana, Tul. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4. iii. 45, and in Archiv.
Mus. Par. viii. JiUO. A small tree, the young shoots inflorescence and
underside of the leaves usually pubescent. Leaves on short petioles,
ovate-elliptical to oblong--lanceolate, obtuse or shortly acuminate, entire
or bordered by short rigid teeth, rounded or rarely acute at the base,
mostly 3 to 4 in. long-, but varying- to short and broad or long- and
narrow, more coriaceous and shining; al)ove than other species, strong-ly
reticidate. Flowers apparently dioecious, in little cj-mes or thjTsoid
panicles very short and sessile or nearly so in the axils, pedicels rather
long in the males with a very short common peduncle, the pedicels
shorter in the females with a long-er peduncle or rhachis, almost form-
ing- a few-flowered raceme of about an inch. Male perianth g-labrous,
nearly globular, about 1 line diameter, the small orifice almost closed
by 4 minute broad lobes, 2 inside the 2 others and 1 or 2 outer lobes
(or adnate bracts ?) opposite the inner ones. Stamens 8 to 14, irreg-u-
larly lining- the perianth as in American MolUnedia. Female periauth
larg^er, very villous inside, circumsciss after flowering*. Carpels numerous
and villous. Drupes sessile on the base of the perianth or disk, expanded
to a diameter of 3 or 4 lines, ovoid-g'lobose, ^ in. long, pubescent or
at length glabrous. — Wilkiea Euegeliana, A. DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 669.

MulUnetUu.'] cii. monimiace.e. 287

Queensland. Biisbane river, Moroton Bay, A. Cimiuiu/hain, Fraser, F. Mueller.
N. S. 'Wales. Hastings river, Beckler ; Riclimond river, Ilenderson ; Cook'a
river, U. S. Exploritig Fxpedition ; Kiama, Harvey.

The female arid fruiting specimens are, when glabrons, very difficult to distinguish
frora those of Kibara iwtcrophi/lla. Tlie stamens are very different. It is this species
that F. Mueller aUudes to under WiUciea calyptrocalyx, Fragm. v. 3, as having as
many as 13 stamina.

2. M. Wardellii, F. Mudl. Fra(/m. v. 155. A g-labrous shrub.
Leaves ovate elliptical or obovate-oblong-, obtuse, obscurely crenulate,
contracted into a ratlier long' petiole, mostly about 2 in. lon»-, but
varying- from l^ to 3 in., of a mucb thinner consistence than in
M. Hiief/cUami, and the primary veins scarcely conspicuous. Panicles
thyrsoid, loose, often as long- as the leaves. Pedicels 2 to 8 lines lono-.
Male perianth obovoid, globular, 1| lines diameter, with 4 short broad
connivent lobes. Stamens 15 to 20, irreg-ularly lining- the perianth as
in the American MoUinedife. Female flower not seen. Fruitino*
periantli circumsciss, the carpels or drupes ovoid-g-lobular, obtuse, g-la-
brous, 4 to 5 lines long-, very shortly stipitate on the flat expanded
perianth-base or disk. — WardeUia pamciilata, F. Muell. l.c.

Queenslaud. Eockingham Bay, Dallachy.

3. M. ? loxocarya, Bcnth. A g-labrous shrub, apparently very nearly
allied to M. WardeUii, the branches often compressed under the leaves
as in Kihara macropht/Ua. Leaves elliptical-oblong-, contracted into a
rather long- petiole as in M. WardeUii and of the same consistence
obtuse or shortly acuminate, quite entire, 3 to 4 in. long-. Flowers not
seen. Fruiting- panicles 1|- to 2 in. long-, resembling those of M.
WardeUii, but with a pair of small leaves under the first pair of peduncles
and the carpels or drupes closely sessile, ovoid and shortly obliquely
and obtusely acuminate.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

4. M. ? acuminata, F. MiieU. Fragm. v. 155. A small tree, quite
g-labrous or the inflorescence slig-htly pubescent. Leaves ovate-lanceolate
or elliptical, acutely acuminate, contracted into a rather long- petiole
entire or obscurely and irreg"ularly denticulate, 2 to 3 in. long-, rather
thinner even than in the last two species but not seen in an old state.
Panicles thyrsoid, shorter than the leaves, axillary or terminal. Flowers
small and dryiug- black as in the Australian MoUinedice. Male perianth
g-labrous, depressed-g-lobular, about l^ lines diameter, with 2 short
broad bracteoles sometimes adnate at the base ; lobes 8 in 2 rows the
4 outer ones orbicular and much imbricate, the 4 inner narrower and
almost valvate. Anthers rather numerous, nearly sessile, occupyino*
the whole disk or with a few abortive hairy carpels in the centre • the
outer ones with 2 parallel dorsal cells opening- long-itudinally as in
Hedycarya, the inner ones with the cells confluent at the apex as in
MoUinetUa. Female flowers and fruits unknown.

Queeuslaud. Rockingham Bay, Dallacliy.

288 cii- MOMMiACE^. [Mollinedia.

'J'liis plant, witli the habit and general aspect nearly of M. Wardellii, is evidently
not a cung-ener, the perianfh and andrcecium being much uearer to, although certainly
iiot ideiitical witii, those of Iledijcarj/a. In the absence, however, uf female flowers
and fiiiits its real genus cannot be determined, and I have therefore refrained from
o-iving it a new name to be rejected hereafter as another superfluous synonym.

5. KIBARA, Endl.

(Brongiiiartia, Blume ; Sciadicarpus, Ilassl:; Sarcostigma, Grif.; Wilkica,

F. Muell)

P'lowers unisexual, nsnally moncecious. Pevianth ovoid julobular or
hemispherical, nearlv closedby 4 short connivent lobes or teeth, usually
(but not in all specnes) intiexed, or thickened inside in the females.
Male fl. Stamens 4 opposite the perianth-lobes, the filaments flattened
and more or less adnate to the tube, and above tlieir union either dis-
tinct or united in a cup or ring-, always shorter than the perianth, and
usually 1, 2, or 3 sliorter stamens within the four ; anther-cells con-
fluentin a sing-le terminal cell opening- long-itudinally. No rudimentary
carpels. Female perianth circumsciss. Staminodia none (unless the
thickened interior of the perianth-lobes be regarded as such). Carpels
several, often numerous, with 1 pendulous ovule in each. Style short
and obtuse. Fruiting- carpels several, ovoid, drupaceous, sessile or
stipitate on the expanded receptacle. Seed with a fleshy albumen ;
embryo small, with small erect cotyledons, the radicle superior. — Trees
or shrubs. Leaves entire or acutely toothed. Flowers small, in
axillary or hateral cymes or panicles. Bracts very small.

Besides the Australian species, which are endemic, the genus comprises one or per-
haps 3 or 4 from the Malayan Peninsuha and the Indian Archipehigo. Tulasne
indicated its close affinity to 31ollinedia. Baillon, in uniting it with that gcuus, adds
also Mattlma, Bhmie, which I have not seen, but which, if Blume's figure is correct,
appears nearer to Eedycarya in the insertion and form though not in the number of
stamens. The fruits of MoUinedia, Kibara, and Hedycarya supply no generic distinc-
tive characters.
riowers and the whole plant glabrous.

Leaves narrow, rigidiy coriaceous. Petioles short. luflorescence

very short. Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long \. K. macrophylla.

Leaves broad, thinly coriaceous. Inflorescence loose. Pedicels

1 in. long or more 2. K. lonyipes.

Inflorescence and often the foliage pubescent.

Panicles loose. Carpels stipitate 3. iT. laxiflora.

Panicles short. Carpels sessile 4. X. pubescens.

1. K. macrophylla, Benth. A tree of considerable size, perfectly
g-labrous in all its parts. Leaves on very short petioles, oblong- or
oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, bordered by short pung-ent-pointed
teeth or almost or quite entire, cuneate roundetl or cordate at the base,
rifidlv coriaceous, shining- and reticulate. Inflorescence simple or
branched, axillary, very short, rarely above f in. long-. Pedicels
slender, 2 to 8 lines long-, with a small bract close under the flower.
Perianth globular, cjuite g-labrous, about 1 line diameter, the females
with a minute orifice very minutely 4-toothed with thick reflexed fleshy

Kibai-a.] cii. monimiaceje. 289

glands (points of the lobes ? or staminodia ?) inside, the males rather
less closed and not thickened. Staraens in the males 4 opposite the
lobes, shortly free, -with very short broad fihiments, and 1 or 2 smaller
ones inside. Carpels in the females 12 to 15, perfectly g'labrous,
with broad thick iiat sessile stig'mas. Drupes closely sessile, ovoid,
smooth and g-lnbrous, about h in. long-. — Hedi/cart/a macrophyUa, A.
Cunn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 1, i. 215 ; Mollinedia viacrophyUa, Tul.
in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, iii. 45, and in Archiv. Mus. Par. viii. 401 ;
Wilkiea calyptrocalyx, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. ii. 64 and
Frag'm. v. 3 (partly) ; W. macropliyUa, A. DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 669.

Queensland. Endeavour river, A. Cunningham ; Brisbane river, Moreton Bay,
A. Cunningham, F. Mueller, and others ; Rockhampton, Dallachy, Thozet, CShanesy.

Wr. S. Wales. New England, C Stuart.

The fruiting specimens sometimes resemble some nearly glabrous forms of 3Iollinedia
Huegeliana, with which F. Mueller unites this and the three following species as
varieties of one Wilkiea calyptrocalyx.

2. K. longipes, Bcnth. A tree of considerable size, perfectly g-la-
brous in all its parts. Leaves elliptical oblong- or ovate, shortly acu-
minate, entire or with a few irreg-ular teeth, acute at the base, 4 to 8
in. long-, smooth and somewhat shining- but niuch thinner than in K.
macrophyUa. Peduncles slender, axiHary or supra-axillary, divaricately
branched, forming- loose panicles often half as long' as the leaves and
very broad. Pedicels often 1 in. long-, slig-htly thickened upwards.
Bracteoles 1 or 2, minute, close under the perianth. Flowers monoecious,
the males and females in the same panicle, and the latter much the
more numerous in our specimens. Perianths nearly gdobular, 1 to IJ
lines diameter, the males with 4 connivent lobes, the 2 outer broader
than the 2 inner, and not thickened inside ; females with a small orifice
closed by 4 small lobes, 2 outer and 2 inner, each with a thick reflexed
g*land-like scale inside. Stamens 4, more or less connate, with 1 or 2
small ones inside. Carpels in the females 11 to 13, oblong-, conical,
pubescent, with small g'labrous stig-matic tips. Perianth circumsciss
after flowering-. Drupes ovoid, about |- in. long-, giabrous or smooth,
very shortly stipitate on the expanded cUsk or base of the perianth.

Queensland, Dallachy. Verj closely allied to, but perhaps really distinct from
the Malayan K. coriacea.

3. K. laxifiora, Bcnth. A small tree, the young* branches and
foliage more or less pubescent. Leaves elliptical or oblong-, acuminate
or obtuse, rounded or acute at the base, entire or slig-htly toothed, 2 to
4 in. long-. Panicles axillary or from leafless nodes, trichotomous and
loose, but usually shorter than the leaves, the males more branched
and with more flowers tlian the females, but sometimes both sexes in
the same panicle. Pedicels 2 to 4 lines long-, bearing- often a small
bract at some distance from the flower. Male perianth depressed-
fflobular, 1 to 1-^- lines diameter, tlie orifice almost closed by 4 small
lobes. Stamens 4, united in a broad fleshy cup or tube, pubescent in-
side, without any additional inner stamens in the flowers examined.

VOL. V. u

290 cii. MONiMiACEiE. [Kibara.

Female perianth similar to the male, but twice the size, with amore
minute oriiice, and circumsciss after Howerinp-, neither male nor female
with any inflexed point or scale within the lobes. Carpels above 30,
hispid, with short g-hibrous stig-matic styles, connivent and ahnost
coherent at the tips, Drupes nearly globuhir or shortly ovoid, nearly
^ in. long-, distinctly stipitate on the expanded disk or base of the
perianth.

Queensland. Rockingham Eay, Dallachy.

4. K. pubescens, Bcnth. A tree, the branches inflorescence and
young- foUage more or less pubescent, the older leaves often glabrous
or nearly so. Leaves from broadly ovate-elliptical to oblong--lanceolate,
obtuse or shortly and obtusely acuminate, shortly and rigidly toothed
or nearly entire", rounded at the base, becoming- at length coriaceous
with the veins prominent underneath, 2 to 4 in. long-, on petioles of \
to ^ in. Flowers in sniall cymes or clusters sometimes lengthened into
short thyrsoid panicles, which are sessile or peduncvilate, but usually
scarcely '\ so long- as the leaves. Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long-. Bracts
adnate to the perianth. Perianth about 1 line diameter, nearly globular,
the orifice closed with 4 small lobes, thin in the males, thickened inside
in the females. Stamens 4 opposite to the perianth lobes, the filaments
shortly free and distinct, with 1 or 2 smaller stamens within them.
Female perianth circumsciss. Carpels nimierous, villous, with thick
g-labrous nearly sessile stig-mas. Drupes closely sessile on the dilated
disk or base of the periantli, ovoid, glal)rous or nearly so, 3 to 4 lines
long".

Queensland. Rockiiigliam Baj-, Dallachy (witli the flowers chiefly males).'

N. S. Wales. Kichniond river, C. Jloore ; Haslings and Clareuce rivers, Beckler
(with female flowers and fruits).

The Queensland and N. S. Wales specimens have every appearance of belonging to
one species, but require further investigation. The specimeus I have seen are rather
numerous, but probably each of the four gatherings from a single tree.

6. HEDYCARYA, Forst.

Flowers dicecious. Perianth hemispherical or flat, wnth about 8 (7
to 10) small inflexed lobes. Stamens in the males numerous, covering*
the whole disk or leaving- a small villous centre, without rudimentary
carpels ; anthers sessile or nearly so, the cells usually lateral, distinct,
opening- longitudinally. Carpels in the females numerous, sessile, oc-
cupying- the whole disk Avithout staminodia, with one pendulous ovule
in each, and terminating- in a short thick obtuse style. Fruiting- carpels
drupaceous, small numerous crowded and almost coherent in the Aus-
tralian species, larg-er fewer and distinct (as in MoUincdia and Kihara) in
other species. Seed with a fleshy albumen. Embr^-o small, with erect
cotyledons. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves toothed or entire. Flowers in
short axillary cymes or raceme-like panicles. Bracts small or none.

Eesidos the Australian species wliicli is endemic, there is one fiom New Zcaland and
another from thc ishmds of the S. racific. Ihe above-described Molllrndia ? acumi-
nata may possibly prove to be a second AuBtralian species of Hedycarya.

Hedycarya.'\ cii. monimiace^. 291

1. H, angustifolia, A. Cunn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 1, i. 215. A
tall slirul) or small tree, tlie young" shoots and inflorescence slig-htly
hoary-puhescent, the adult parts g-labrous. Leaves on rather long'
petioles, froni ovate-elliptical to ohlong--kinceohate, shortly acuminate,
acute or rarely rounded at the base, irreg'uhirly serrate-crenate or
almost entire, mostly 3 to 4 in. long", rigidly membranous, penniveined
and broadly reticuhite. Flowers in short axillary raceme-hke cymes,
the pedicels very variable in length. Bracts usually very small or none,
rarely hirg-er and leaf-like. Perianth flatly hemispherical, 2i to 3 Hnes
diameter, with 8 or 10 small inflexed lobes. Stamens very numerous,
covering- the whole disk or conceaUng" a very small central space.
Female perianth at first smaller than the male, with smaller inflexed
lobes, which become reflexed as the disk and carpels enlarg-e. Carpels
very numeroi;s, surrounded by a few abortive ones (or staminodia ?).
Drupes 10 to 20, nearly glohular and succulent, each 1 to 1| lines dia-
meter, all closely packed and almost connate in a globuhir fruit of 3 or
4 lines diameter. Endocarps crustaceous, minutely rug-ose. — H. Cun-
ninghamii, TuL in Arch. Mus. Par. viii. 408 ; //. dfntata, var. australasica,
Sond. in Linna?a xxviii. 228 ; H. australasica, A. DC. Prod. xvi. ii.
673 5 H. pseudoniorus, F. MuelL in Trans. PhiL Inst. Vict. ii. 63, PL
Vict. i. 23, t. suppL 2.

N. S. TVales. Hastings river, Fraser ; Hastings and Clarence rivers, Beckler;
Hastings and ]\Iacleay rivers, C Moore ; New England, C Stuart ; Blue Moiintains,
M. Cunningham, Miss Atklnson ; southward to lllawarra, Backhoiise ; Twofold Bay,
F. Mueller.

Victoria. In moist forest gullies of tlie fern-tree country frora Cape Otway to
Mount Disappointment, and tlircugh the Western Port district and Gipps' Land to
Wilson^s Promontory, F. Mucller.

The leaves are so variable in breadth on the same specimen, that it is impossible on
that ground to separate two distinct varieties.

7. PALMERIA, F. MuelL

Flowers dioecious. Male perianth hemispherical, with 4 or 5 conni-
vent lobes. Stamens numerous, without staminodia or rudimentary
carpels ; anthers sessile or nearly so ; the cells distinct, opening- long-i-
tudinally. Female perianth nearly globular, with a minute orifice,
staminodia none. Carpels numerous, with 1 pendulous ovule in each ;
styles filiform sHghtly protruding- throug-h the orifice of the perianth.
Fruiting- perianth enlarg-ed, irreg-ularly globular or pear-shaped, com-
pletely enclosing- the drupes. Seed pendulous, but not seen ripe. —
Woody climbers (or trees ?). Leaves entire. Flowers small, in axillary
raceme-Kke c^Tnes or panicles. Bracts none.

The genus is endemic in Australia.

Stamens about 20, surrounding a small hairy disk 1 . P. scandens.

Stamens about 60, occupying the whole disk 2. P. racemosa.

1. P. scandens, F. Mucll. Fragm. iv. 152, v. 2. A tall woody
cHmber, the branches minutely tomentose or woolly pubescent. Leaves

u2

292 cii. MONiMiACK.E. [PalmeHa.

sliortly petiolate, ovate or broadly elliptical, aeuminate, 3 to 5 in. long-,
hoary-tomentose on both sides or at lenoth g-hibrons above. Male in-
florescences somewhat branched and half" as long as the leaves, female
shorter and more simple. Male perianth about 2 hnes diameter, flat on
the top, the lobes connivent and produced into long- points inflexed over
the stamens into the centre of the disk before the flower expands.
Stamens in the flowers examined 16 to 20, surrounding- in several rows
a small liairy disk ; anthers oblong-, slig-htly hairy, not long-er than the
perianth. Female perianth about Ih lines diameter, densely villous
inside. Carpels 10 or more, g-labrous, tapering- into the style. Fruiting

?erianth irregularly shaped, more or less fleshy, about h in. diameter.
)rupes glabrous, with a thin exocarp and hard bony endocarp. Seed
with a membranous testa, pendulous from near the apex of the cavity,
with a rather h^ng- hihim, the inside dried up and the embryo unde-
veloped in all the drupes opened. — A. DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 657.
Queensland. Eoclsingliam Bay, Dallachy.

2. ? P. racemosa, A. DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 657. A tree (Ttdasne) with
the fohag-e inflorescence and indumentum of P. scaridens, or the leaves
rather more contracted at the base. Male flowers also the same, except
that the stamens are 60 or more, and occupy the whole disk of the
flower. Female flowers and fruits unknown. — Hedycarya racemosa, TuL
in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, iii. 45, and in Archiv. Mus. Par. viii. 409, t. 34.

Queensland? or N. S. V^ales ? " New Holland," Baume, Huegel; probably
from Moreton Bay, or from tbe northern districts of N. S. Wales. I bave not seen tbe
specimens, but if tbe description is correct, notwitbstanding tbe general resemblance to
P. scandens sbown bj tbe figure, it must be a distinct species if a real congener.

Specimens of a tall climber froni Paramatta and tbe Blue Mountains, Woolh (in
Herb. F. Muell.), in leaf only, may belong to P. scandens or to some allied species.
Otber similar specimens from M'Leod's Creek, C Stiiart, said to be from a sbrub of 12
to 15 ft., bave some female flowers in very young bud, wbicb in tbat state resemble
those of P. scandens, butare not sufficiently advanced for accurate idenlification.

8. PIPTOCALYX, Oliv.

Flowers polyg-amous. Perianth-tube or disk very short, seg-ments
about 6, nearly equal, in 2 rows, very deciduous. Stamens indefinite,
filaments fihform ; anthers oblong^-hnear, adnate, the cells distinct and
parallel, opening- long-itudinally ; no rudimentary carpels in the male
tiowers. Hermaplirodite flowers with stamens as in the males and a
sing-le carpel, with a sing-le pendulous anatropous ovule and a sessile
broad stig-ma. Fruit unknown. — Woody chmber. Leaves opposite,
entire. Flowers in simple racemes, the males oj)posite with the terminal
flower hermaphrodite.

The genus consists of tbe single Australian species. The babit is tbat of Palmeria,
but tbe flowers arc very different, and tbe fruit being nnknown the affinity is doiibtiul.
I am unable, bowever, to trace any closer connection with any other Order tban that
which it evidently bears to Monitmacece.

1. P. Moorei, Oliv. in Hcrh. Kew. A woody chmber of 30 to 40
ft. (C. Moore), the branches inflorescence and principal veins on the

PiptOCalyx.] CII. MONIMIACEiE. 29^3

underside of the leaves ferrug-inous with rather long- soft hairs. Leaves
petiohite, ovate-lanceolate, with a long' narrow point, entire or ohscurely
crenate, rounded at the hase, 3 to 4 in. long-, rather thin, shining-
above, pale opaque and minutely g-hinduhi,r-dotted underneath, theveins
conspicuous on both sides. Racemes shorter than the leaves, the pedi-
cels very short. Bracts small and very deciduous. Perianth-seg-ments
very deciduous, the outer ones ovate-orbicuhir, \^ lines long-, hirsute
outside, the inner ones elHptical or obovate-oblong-, thin, all more or less
dotted with immersed glands. Stamens about 15, about 1 line long,
the fihiments rather shorter than the anthers ; anthers tipped by a short
appendag-e to the connective. Ovary g-labrous, oblong-, about 1 hne lon^.
N. S. \irales. Hastings river, C. Moore.

Order CIII. LAURINEiE.

Perianth reg'ular, the tube very short or none at the time of flower-
ing-, sometimes enlarg-ed over or under the fruit, or rarel}' adnate to the
ovary and fruit ; seg'ments 6 or rarely fewer, all equal or 3 outer ones
smaller, imbricate in the bud. Stamens normally twice as many as
perianth-segments, 6 opposite them with introrse anthers, 0 within and
opposite to the outer ones with the anthers extrorse in some genera, in-
trorse in others, but in many genera 3 or sometimes all of the inner
stamens, and in others 3 or all of the outer ones reduced to short sta-
minodia or wanting", and in some flowers the stamens abnormally and
irreg"uhirly increased or diminished in number ; there are also frequently
a pair of sessile or stipitate rather larg-e g'lands, one on each side of the
filament either of the inner or rarely of the outer of tlie two stamens
opposed to the inner perianth-seg-ments ; anthers adnate, with 2 col-
lateral cells or 2 superposed pairs of cells, each cell opening- in a valve
from the base upwards or in Hemundia from the inner to the outer side.
Ovary free, or in Henumdia adnate, consisting- of a singie carpel with
one ovule suspended from the apex of tlie cavity from a funicle adnate
to its side, or rarely witli a second small abortive ovule. Style simple,
often very short, with a capitate disk-shaped or obliquely dilated stigma,
entire or shortly and irregularly lobed. Fruit a berry or drupe, rarely
dry or nearly so, the perianth entirely deciduous, or the tube enlarg"ed
and disk-shaped or cup-shaped under the fruit or more or less succulent
and closing- over it or adnate to it. Seed pendulous, with a membra-
nous or (in Hernandia) a hard testa, withuut alljumen. Embryo with
thick ileshy cotyledons lilling- the seed, enclosing- the plumula and short
superior radicle. — Trees or shrubs with alternate or rarely irreg'ularly
opposite leaves, more or less giandular-dotted and aromatic (except in
Hernandia) usually entire and everg-reen, or, in Cassytha, leafless parasi-
tical twiners. Stipules none. Flowers usually small, in cymes reduced
sometimes to clusters umbels or heads, the cymes solitary or arrang-ed
in racemes, clusters, or panicles ; or, in Cassytha, the flowers singiy ar-
rang-ed in spikes or racemes.

294 CIII. LAURINE^.

A considerable Order, abundant in tropical Asia and America, less so in Africa, witii
a vory few species penetrating irito more temperate re<;ions both in the northern and
soiitliern hemisphcre. Of the eight Australian genera seven are Asiatic, three of them
exclusively so (besides the Australian species), tlie toiir othors with a few Amcrican
representatives and two of thcra also African ; the sixth genus has besides only two
Kew Zeaiand species. but it is nearly alht-d to an Asiatic genus, and as far as known,
still closor to a sraall West Indian one. The large, more e.-,pecially the Amcrican
genera, are none of thein represented in Australia.

SuBORDEK I. IjaureBe. — Trees or sliruhs with perfect leaves. Anther-valves open-
ivg upwards.

Three stamens, belonging to the inner series, with extrorse anthers.
Anthers 2-celled.

Stamcns of the outer series (usually 6) perfect.

Ovary more or less immersed in the perianth-tube, which

completely encloses tlie fruit _...,.!. Ckyptocarya.

Ovary not immersed. Perianth completely deciduous . . 2. Nesodaphnk.
Stamens of the outer series rediiced to a thick prominent ring
or entirelv deficient. Perianth deciduous or scarcely en-

larged under the iruit 3. E.ndiakdra.

Anthers 4-celled. Stamens of the outer series (usually 6) perfect.

Perianth scarcely enlarged under the fruit 4. Cixnamomum.

All the stamens wMth introrse anthers. Flowers dicecious, in heads
or umbels, with an involucre of about 4 bracts.
Perfect stamens 9 or more. Perianth usually 6-merous ... 5. Tetranthera.
Perfect stamens 6 or fewer. Perianth usually 4-merous ... 6. Lits^a.

SuBORDER II. Cass^rtlieEe. — Leafless pai-asiiical twiners. Anther-valves ojyening
upwards.

Single genus 7. Cassytha.

SuBORDER III. Hernandieae. — Trees with perfect leaves. Anther-valves opening
laterally.

Single genus 8. Hernandia.

SuBORDER 1. Laure^. — Trees or shruLs witli perfect leaves.
Flowers in cymes umbels or clusters, whicli are clustered or arrang-ed
in racemes or panicles, rarely solitary. Anther-valves opening" upwards.
Seeds with distinct thick and llesh}- cot^^ledons.

1. CRYPTOCARYA, R. Br.

(Caryodajihne, Blume.)

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-seg-ments 6, equal or nearly so.
Stamens of the outer series 6, all perfect with introrse anthers, of the
inner series 3 with extrorse anthers, alternating- with 3 short staminodia ;
glands 6 at the base of the inner perfect stamens or ahiiost as near to
the outer ones opposed to them. Anthers all t3-celled. Ovary im-
mersed in the perianth-tube which after tiowering- closes over the ovary,
and finally becomes more or less lleshy or succulenr, completely enclos-
ing- and usually consolidated with the fruit, the limb of the "perianth
deciduous leaving- a small scar at the apex or rarely persistent. — Trees
or tall shrubs. Flowers small, in cymes arrang-ed in axillary racemes
or panicles, the upper ones often forming- an apparently terminal panicle

Cryptocarija.] ciri. laurine^. 295

with tlie subtending' leaves very small or deficient. Fruiting- perianths
globuhir ovoid or oblong-, having- the appearance of inferior fruits.

The ETfinus is chiefly Asiatii^, with a iew sjjecies from S. Afriea and S. America. The
Australian species appear to be ail emleniic.

Nees and Meissner distinguisli Carijodaphne from Cryptocarya \>y the triplinerved
leaves and the adliercnce of tlie fruiiiny; perianih-tube to the pericarp, but I can find no
ditferenre in the hxtter respect betweeu ilie fruits of thc tyijical C. glauccscens and those
of C. triplinervis, and the triplinerved ve:iation, tlious^li well marked in two species
and in some leaves of C. triplimruis, passes graduallj into the penniveined arrange-
nient in otlier leaves of the latter species, and in no case draws any natural line of
demarcation between the two.

F. Mueller, Fragm. v. 170, observes that the generic name of Crypfocarya must give
■way to the oKler narae of Peuinus estabjished by IMnlina in his Natural History of
Chili ; but if he had turned to that work, he would have at once seen why the so-called
genera there proposed are in most cases inadmissible. Jlolina gives no generic cha-
racters, and in the present instance, under the nnme of Peumus he inchides three or
four species belonging to at least three genera and two natural orders.
Inflorescence pubescent or villous.

Leaves penniveined, with the reticuhitions very conspicuous
underneatli, scarcely so above.
Panicies very villous, compact. Leaves 6 to 10 in. long.

Fruit nearly globuhir 1. C. Murrayi.

Panicles tomentose-pubescent, loose and many-flowered.

Leaves 4 to 8 in. long. Fruit ovoid 2. C. 3Iachinnoniana.

Panicles tomentose-pubescent, loose, few-flowered. Leaves
2 to 5 in. long, softly pubescent underneath till ohi, the
reticulations less raised than iu the t\yo preceding

species. Fruit oblong 3. C. patentinervii.

Leaves penniveined, the reticulations faint or equally promi-
nent ou both sides. Fruit globuhir.
Leaves thickly coriaceous, smooth and shining above, the
primary veins very prominent underueath, the reticu-

lations inconspicuous 4. C. ohovata.

Leaves more or iess coriaceous, the reticulations fine, con-

spicuons or obsolete nn botli sides 5. C. glaucescens.

Leaves mt^re or less triplinerved or quintuplinerved.

Leaves usually pubescent uiiilerneath, triplinerved, passing

into penniveined. Fruit ovoid 6. C. triplinervis.

Leaves glaucous or white underneatli, prominently tripli-

nerved. Fruit globular 7. C. cinnamomifolia.

Inflorescence glabrous. Panicles small and loose.

Leaves penniveined, the veins scarcely prominent .... 8. C Meissneri.
Leaves prominently triplinerved 9. C. australis.

1. C. Murrayi, F. Mniil. Fra/jm. \. 170. A larg-e tree, the young-
branches stout and softly tomentose-villous, more or less ferrug"inous.
Leaves shortly petiohxte, obhing' oval or elliptical, obtuse or shortly
acuminate, 6 to 10 in. long-, g-hibrous above when full grown or the
midrib minutely pubescent, very prominently penniveined and reticulate
underneath, the veins rusty-pubescent, somewhat ghaucous between
them. Panicles short compact and villous. Flowers sessile in the cymes.
Perianth hirsute, the seg-ments rather longer than the tube (about 1
line), ahnost acute. Ghmds scarcely connected with the inner stamens,
stipitate ; staminodia thick, sessile, rather acute. Fruiting- perianth
ovoid or nearly g-lobular, shining", about J in. diameter.

Queensland. Rock-ngham Bay, DaVacky.

296 ciil. LAURINE.E. [Cryptocarya .

2. C. Mackinnoniana, F. Mi/cll. Fraf/m. v. 169. A noble tree 100
ft. liig-li (DaUachi/) or a tall slirub of 12 ft. ( TT'. IlilL), the yoimg- Ijranches
petioles and inHorescence minutely rusty-pubescent. Leaves oblong- or
almost ovate, obtuse or shortly acuminate, rounded or cuneate at tlie
base, 4 to 8 in. long-, rather thick, at lirst minutely pubescent, at leng-tli
g-labrous and ahnost shining- above, very prominently penniveined and
reticulate underneath, the veins rusty-pubescent, often g4aucous between
them. Panicles loosely corymbose or thyrsoid. Pedicels ver}"- short,
Perianth scarcely above 1 line long-, the seg-ments about as long- as the
tube. Glands kirg-e, free from the inner stamens, nearly sessile. Fruiting
perianth ovoid or oblong', about | in. long'.

Queensland. Cape York, W. Rill; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

3. C. patentinervis, F. Muell. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 508 and Fragm.
V. 166. A small tree, the branches and inflorescence ferrug-inous or
hoary with a close tomentum. Leaves ovate to oblong'-hinceolate, acu-
minate, 2 to 4 in. long-, glabrous above, softly or minutely pubescent
and more or less g'laucous underneath, the primary veins prominent, the
reticulate veinlets also somewhat conspicuous. Cymes sometimes solitary
in the axils, more frequently several in short terminal thyrsoid panicles,
the Howers not numerous, hoary-pubescent. Perianth l^ lines long-,
the tube turbinate, rather shorter than the lobes. Glands of the inner
stamens shortly stipitate. Staminodia sessile, thick, acuminate. Fruit-
ing- perianth ellipsoid-oblong', nearly ^ in. long-, tlie pericarp rather
more distinct from it than in most species. — C. i-if/ida, Meissn. in DC.
Prod. XV. i. o08.

N. S. TVales. Bellinger and Tweed rivers, C. Moore; Hastings and Clarence
rivers, Bechler.

4. C. obovata, li. Br. Prod. 402. A fine bushy-headed tree
(Dullac//y), the young- shoots and inilorescence ininutely tomentose and
more or less ferruginous. Leaves oblong- to obovate, very obtuse and 2
to 4 in. long- in the typical form, larg-er broader and sometimes shortly
and obtusely acuminate in some northern specimens, rather thick, the
margins often recurved, giabrous with the veins scarcely conspicuous
above, often giaucous or even very minutely pubescent when young"
underneath, with the primary pinnate veins very prominent, the reti-
culations scarcely conspicuous. Panicles loosely thyrsoid, numerous
and many Howered, the upper ones forming' a terminal panicle. Flowers
rather larg-er than in C. fjluncesccns. Perianth-segments as long- as the
oblong- tube. Glands stipitate, appearing' to belong' as much to the
outer as to the inner staminal series. Staminodia sessile, acuminate.
Fruiting- perianth giobular, about i in. diameter. — Meissn. in DC. Prod.
XV. i. 78, 50? 5 C. h//po.spodia, F. Muell. Frag'm. v. 170.

Queensland. Eockingham Bay, Dallachy (with large leaves) ; Brisbane river,
Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller, W. Hill.

N. S. 'Wales. Himter'8 river, R Brown; Clarence and Richmond rivers, C.
Moore, Bechler, Wilcox; Gleudon, Leichhardt.

Crijptocanja.\ Cill. LAUUIMC.E. 29?

5. C. glaucescens, li. Br. Prud. 402. A tree of 40 ft. and upwards,
the yoiuit;- branclies and petioles minutely pubescent when young but
soon becoming- ghibrous, the iniiorescence usually hoary-pubescent.
Leaves ovate elliptical or oblong-, obtuse or shortly acuminate, shortly
contracted at the base, Hat, not usually so rig-id as in C. ohocata, penni-
veined and reticuhite but the veins rather fine and the reticulations
little conspicuous or in some varieties conspicuous or even prominent
on both sides, both surfaces g-reen or somewhat g-hiucous, rarely above
4 in. long- in ilowering- specimens, but larg-er on kixuriant shoots.
Flowers numerous, shortly pediceUate, in thyrsoid panicles shorter or
long-er than the leaves, the upper ones often forming- a larg-e terminal
panicle. Perianth 1 to l^ hnes long", hoary-pubescent, the tube oblong-
when fully out, turbinate when young-, the seg-ments about as long- as
the tube or rather long-er. Glands stipitate, appearing- to belong- as
much to the outer as to the inner filaments. Staminodia acuminate.
Fruiting* perianth depressed-globuhir, i to nearly f in. diameter. —
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 72.

pueensland. Rockingliani Bay, Dallachy ; Eockhampton, Thozet, Dallachy ;
Biisbane river, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller, and otliers.

N. S. 'Wales. Hawkeslniry, R. Brown; Hastings river, BecUer ; Nevv England,
C. Stuart ; Port Jackson, Woolls ; lliawarra, A. Cunningham and otliers ; Sydney
woods, Paris Exliibition, 1855, Macarthur, n. 6 and 30 ; Nortliern woods, n. 4, and
Soutiiern woods, n. 115, London Exhibition, 18G2, C. Moore.

Var. Cunningliamii. Scarcely distinguishable from the eastern form, except by rather
hirgerflowers and the perianth-tube rather shorter. — C. Cunninghamii, Meissn, in DC
Prod. XV. i. 73.

N. Australia. Hunter's river, Brunswick Bay, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham.

C. hy])oglauca, Meissn. l.c. from N. W. Australia, which 1 have not seen, but is sup-
posed to be from A. Cunningham's collection, is probably the same species.

Var. reticulata, Meissn. Veins of the leaves more conspicuous on both sides but
fine. — C. microneura, Meissn. i.c. — Seavievv Range, Fraser ; Hastings river, C. Moore ;
Jliawarra, A. Cunningham; Sydney woods, Paris Exhibition, 1855, C. Moore, n. 5,
Macarthur, n. 198, 224, 234.

Var. coriacea. Leaves thick, rigid, and more prominently reticulate, often very
glaucous underneath. — Kockinghara Bay, Dallachy.

Var. nitida. Leaves coriaceous and shining with fine veins, gi-een on both sides or
scarcely glaucous. — C. Moretoniana, Meissn. hc. 74. — Moreton Bay, A. Cunnivgham ;
Archer's Creek, Leichhardt.

C. Bidwillii, Meissn. I.c. 74, of which the specimens frora Wide Bay, Bidwill, are
in young fruit only, and not satisfactory, may be the sarae variety.

AII the above varieties run much one into the other, and in view of the large number
of specimens I have had before me, it seems impossible to consider any of them as
tpecies permanently distinct.

6. C. triplinervis, R. Br. Prod. 402. A tall tree. Leaves ovate-
eUiptical or oblong--hinceolate, acuminate, glabrous above. more or less
pubescent imderneath, rarely above 4 in. long, triplinerved or more or
less irreg-ularly penniveined with 2 to 5 primary veins on each side of
the midrib, sometimes very prominent underneath sometimes fine, the
reticulations not very conspicuous. Panicles dense short and thyrsoid
iu the axils, or the upper ones much branched forming- a terminnl
})anicle with numerous nowers, hoary-])ubescent with ap})ressed hairs ur

298 Cill. LAURINE.^. [Cryptocarya.

more frequently hirsute witli spreading hairs. Flowers nearly sessile.
Perianth-tube cylindrical, about 1 line long-, the seg-ments narrow and
nearly as long-. Stamens nearly as long- as the perianth, the g-lands
stipitate, as near to the outer as to the inner stamens ; staminodia rather
narroWj acuminate. Fruiting' perianth ovoid, about h in. long\ — Caryo-
daphne BroTvniana, Nees, Syst. Laurin. i2;JU ; Meissn. in DC. Prod.
XV. i. 78.

Queensland. E. coast, R. Broivn ; Ed^ecombe and Rockingliara Bajs, Dallachy ;
VoYi Denison, J^^itzalan ; Eockhanipton, JJallachi/, 0' iSltanesy, and others ; Cape river,
Crococlile and Nerkool Creeks, Bowman ; Arclier's Creek, Leichhardt ; Brisbane river,
Moreton Bay, LeichharJt, F. Mueller, W. Ilill, and otliers.

N. S. TVales. Bichmond and Clarencc rivers, C. Moore, BecJder.

There are two or three marked forms of foliage, but with occasional intermediates
and sonietimes the leaves of the principal branches difterent as to venation from those
of the youngcr branches of the same specimen. In the more typical forms the leaves
are rather ihick, pioniinentlv triplinerved or quintiiplinerved and softly pubescent un-
derneath, in otlier forms tiie primary veins are more numerous, and in some of the
northern speciniens the leaves are often almost glabrous and almost as pennivoined as
in C. glaucexcens. The fruit appears to be ahvays dififerentiy shaped frum tliat of C.
glaucescens, although the perianth-tube is equally consolidated with the pericarp in
both species.

The specimen of Mi1ne's from Lord Howe's island, refeiTed by Meissner to Caryo-
daphne deusiflora, Bkmie, is in old leaf only and cannot be determined with any cer-
tainty. It appcars to me to be much more like some vaiieties of Cryptocarya tripli-
tiervis than an}* specimen of the Javanese C. densiflvra.

7. C. cinnamomifolia, Bcnth. A tree of 40 ft. (Dallachi/), the
young' shoots and inllorescence minutely ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves
ovate or broadly elliptical, acuminate, cuneate at the base, rigidly
coriaceous, prominently triplinerved, g-hibrous above, glaucous or white
underneath, with the reticuhitions conspicuous, 3 to 0 in. long-. Pauicles
axillary or in terminal panicles, short and dense in the specimens seen
but as yet only in young- bud and the form of the perianth not ascer-
tained. Stamens of Cnjptocanja, but as yet very young*. Fruit de-
pressed g-lobular, above \ in. diameter, very similar to that of C.
glaucescens.

Queensland. Eockiugham Bay, Dallachy.

8. C. Meissneri, F. Mudl. Fragm. v. 170. A small or htrg-e tree,
quite glabrous in every part. Leaves elliptical or oblong--lanceohite,
obtusely acuminate, contracted into a short petiole, mostly about 2 in.
and rarely above 3 in. lonc^, rather thick, penniveined but the veins
irregular and even the primary ones not very prominent. Panicles
short, axillary and terminal, the flowers not numerous and quite g"la-
brous outside. Perianth-tube narrow, at first turbinate, ovoid and
contracted at the top when fully out and f line long-, the lobes nearly
as long-, minutely hairy inside. Stamens much shorter than the
periantli, the g-lands sessile but as near to the outer as to the inner
stamens. Ovary immersed in the periauth-tube. Fruit not seen. —
C. hypofiluma, var. attcnuata, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 508 (F.
Mueller).

N. S, 'Wales. Hastings, Macleay and Bellinger rivers, C. Moore, Becldtr.

Cryptocarya.] Clll. laurine.e. 299

9. C. australis, Bfnth. A larg-e shrub or small tree, quite g-la-
brous in all its parts. Leaves ovate elliptical or almost oblong, acumi-
nate, contracted into a sbort petiole, coriaceous or thin, pale underneath
but not at all white, prominently triphnerved, 2 to 4 in. long*. Panicles
very loose, few-llowered, always much shorter than the leaves and
quite ghibrous. Pedicels rather long-. Perianth-tube turbinate, nearly
1 liue long, the lobes at least as long", ovate and more spreading than
in other species. Stamens short, especially the 3 inner ones. Ovary
immersed in the tube. Fruiting- perianth obovoid, pear-shaped, nearly
f in. long-, usually crowned by the remains of the perianth-limb. —
Laurus Bowiei, Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 419. t. 23 ; Oreodaphne Bowiei,
Walp. Ann. i. 576 ; Laurus australis A. Cunn. ; Hook. Bot. Mag.
under n. 3931 ; Canjodaphne australis A. Braun ; Meissn. in DC. Prod.
XV, i. 77.

Queensland. Biisbane river, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham and many others ;
Rockinghani Bay, DaUachy.

N. S. TVales. Clarence river, Beckler; Richmond river, Henderson.

The specific name Boiciei was originally given to this plant under a mistake as to
the origin of the seeds from which it was raised at Kevv, and was therefore afterwards
suppressed by Hooker himself, and Cunuingham's name adopted.

2. NESODAPHNE, Hook. f.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-segments 6, equal or nearly so.
Stamens of the outer series 6, all perfect with introse anthers, of the
inner series 3 with extrorse anthers, alternating- with 3 short staminodia ;
g"lands 0, at the base of the inner perfect stamens. Ovary not immersed,
the wdiole perianth deciduous. Berry free, resting- on the apex of the
slig-htly thickened peduncle. — Trees or tall shrubs. Leaves alternate.
Flowers small in broad cymes arranged in panicles either terminal or
in the iqjper axils. Bracts usually oblong-.

Besides the Australian species which is endemic, there are two from New Zealand.
The genus is moreover closely allied to the East Indian Beilsckmicdias, scarcely dif-
fering except in the absence of the peculiar subslance iutruded between the cotyledons
in the latter genus, which has been called a false dissepiment in the fruit, bnt appears
rather to be an intrusion of the testa. The West Indian Htifelandia is perhai^s htill
closer to or even inseparable from Nesodaphne.

1. N. obtusifolia, Bcnth. A large and handsome tree, the young-
shoots and inilorescence sprinkled with minute appressed hairs, other-
wise ghibrous. Leaves elliptical oblong' or oval-oblong-, obtuse or
obtusely acuminate, narrowed at the base into a short petiole, rather
rigid, green on both sides, penniveined and loosely reticulate, 2 to 4
in. long. Cymes large and rather broad, the upper ones in a broad
pyramidal or ahnost corymbose terminal panicle. Pedicels thick and
\ line long above the small bracteoles. Perianth-tube very short and
broad, the segments 1 line long-. Stamens opposed to the outer seg-
ments broad, those opposed to the inner ones narrow ; glands stipitate
or almost sessile, attached to the iivier stamens ; staminodia sessile,

300 Clli. LAURINE^E. [Nesodaphnc.

thick, acute. Berry elliptical-oblong-, tlie whole perianth deciduous.
— Cnjptocarya ohtusifulia; F. Muell. ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 508.

Queensland. Rockingliam Bay, Dallachy ; Fitzroy river, Bowman ; Kockhampton,
Thozet ; Aivher's Creek, Ltichhardt.
tt. S. Vl^ales. Clarence river, Wilcox.

3. ENDIANDRA, R. Br.

(Dictjodaphne, Blume.)

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-seg-ments 6, equal or nearly so.
Stamens of the outer series reduced to a thick prominent ring- below
the perianth-seg-ments or entirely wanting-, of the inner series 3, with
extrose or semi-extrose anthers, alternating- sometimes with 3 small
staminodia which are often deficient ; g-lands either 6 at the base of
the perfect stamens but free from them or none. Ovary not immersed.
Berry free, resting- on the w^holly or partially persistent but uot at all
or scarcely enlarg-ed perianth. — Trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers in
axillary panicles, sometimes almost reduced to sing-le cymes. Fruits
oblong- or globular.

The genus extends over the Indian Archipelago to the eastern provinces of India.
The Australian species appear to be all endemic. The genus has been iiicorrectly
placed in the tribe of Cryptocaryeae as characterised by Nees and by Meissuer, for
neither the ovary nor the fruit are enclosed in .the perianth-tube.

Perianth-tube small and turbinate, the limb broad and very open
or when closed much broader than the tube.
Outer stamons replaced by a thick fleshy ring round the base of
the perianth-segments.
Panicles thyrsoid. Fiowers 2 to 2^ lines diameter. Bracts

very deciduous. Leaves glabrous 1. E. glauca.

Panicies narrow, racemelike. Flowers 3 to 4 lines diameter.
Bracts persistent. Leaves rusty-pubescent or villous under-

neath 2. E. hypotephra.

Outer stamens entirely deficient. Small staminodia usually
present between the inner ones.
Leaves white underneath, the primary veins prominent . . ^. E. discolor.

Leaves green and reticulate on both sides A. E. Sieberi.

Perianth-tube thick and fleshy, broader ihan the connivent seg-
raents. Leaves green on both sides. Fiowers small.
Leaves glabrous. Staminal glands present.

Leaves mostly oblong, much reticulate. Perianth not 1 line

diameter 5. E. lirens.

Leavcs mostly elliptical-ovate, less reticuhite, the primary

veins more prominent. Periantii L^ lines diameter . . . 6. E. JlueVeri.
Leaves pubescent or villous underneath. No staminal gUmds . 7. E. puhens.

1. E. glauca, IL Br. Prod. 402. A small tree, the young- shoots
and inllorescence minutely ferrug-inous-tomentose. Leaves elliptical-
oblong', acuminate, contracted at the base, mostly 3 to 5 in. long", g-la-
brous and g-reen above, g-hnicous or wliite underneath, otherwise glabrous
or the very prominent primary veins minutely ferruginous-tomentose.
Panicles thyrsoid, rather loose, shorter than the leaves, the bracts small

EiuUandra.] Ciil. LAURlXKiE. 301

and very deciduous. Podicels short. Perianth-tube turbinate, much
narrower than the limb, which spreads to 2 or 2-| lines diameter.
Staminodia of the outer row forminjj;' a thick ileshy crenulate ring* border-
ing- the orifice of the tube and enclosing- the ovary, the 3 inner stamens
protruding- shortly from the ring-. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 509.

Queensland. Endeavoui- river, Banhs and Solander ; Cape Grafton, A. Cunning-
hani ; Ixockiiigliam Bay, Dallachy.

2. E. hypotephra, F. Mnell. Frafjm. v. 166, partly. A moderate
sized tree, the young- branches petioles and inilorescence softly ferru-
g'inous-tomentose or villous. Leaves ovate ovate-elliptical or oval-
oblong', shortly acuminate or rarely obtuse, 3 to 5 in. long-, coriaceous,
g'labrous above with impressed veins, gdaucous underneath, with the
primary raised veins ferrug-inous-tomentose or villous. Flowers much
larg-er than in any other species, few together in dense cymes on very
short peduncles forming- interrupted raceme-like panicles, usually
shorter but sometimes as long- as the leaves. Bracts small, but larg-er
and more persistent than in the other species. Pedicels very short.
Perianth-tube small, turbinate, the limb spreading* to 3 or 4 lines
diameter. Staminodia of the outer row forming- a thick fleshy crenu-
late ring- bordering- the orifice of the tube and enclosing- the ovary, the
3 inner stamens shortl}' protruding- from the ring-. Fruit oblong", f in.
long", resting- on the persistent but not enlarged perianth.

Queensland. Rockingliam Bay, Dallachy. F. Mueller includes both E. glauca
and tlie present species under the name of E. hypotephrn, but his description applies
more especially to the present one.

3. E. discolor, Benth. A shrub or tall tree, the young- branches
and inflorescence minutely hoary-tomentose. Leaves ovate or ellip-
tical, obtuse or shortly acimiinate, 2 to 3 in. long-, g-reen and g-labrous
above, g-laucous or white underneath, with few prominent primary
veins, the smaller reticuhitions conspicuous on both sides in the full-
^rown leaf. Panicles thyrsoid, much shorter than the leaves, the
pedicels very short. Perianth-tube small and turbinate, the limb very
open, about \\ lines diameter, with ovate seg-ments. Stamens of the
outer row entirely deficient, of the inner series 3, with sessile g'lands at
their base and alternating- with 3 small staminodia. Fruit ovoid-
oblong-, I to 1 in. long-, resting- on the unenlarged remains of the
perianth.

Queensland. Albany island and Cape York, W. Hill ; Rockingham Bay,
Datluchy.
N. S. ^Vales. Macleay, Richmond and Hastings rivers, C. Moore.

4. E. Sieberi, Nees. Syst. Lanrin. 194. A shrub or tree, glabrous
except a minute pubescence scarcely perceptible on the inflorescence.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong-, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, 2 to
3 in. long-, contracted into a short petiole, rather thin, g-reen on both
sides, with the smaller reticulations as prominent as the rather nume-
rous and fine primary veins. Panicles thyrsoid, shorter than the leaves.

302 ciii. LAURiNEiE. [Endimdra.

Perianth-tube very smiill, tlie liinb very open. Stamens of the outer
series entirely deficient, Ji of the inner series perfect with a g-land on
each side at the hase, the intervening- staminodia very small or obsolete.
Young" fruit globular, resting- on the apex of the peduncle, the whole
perianth deciduous. Ripe fruit not seen. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i.
79.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Moimtains, Sieber, n. 275, and many
others ; Sandy soil near the seacoast, Leichhardt ; Richmond river, C. Muore.

5. E. virens, F. Mi/dl. ; Meissn. in BC. Prod. xv. i. 500. A tall
shrub or a tree attaining- a considerable heig-ht, glabrous in all its parts.
Leaves oblong-, usually narrow, rarely broader and elliptical, obtuse,
contracted at the base, 2 to 3 in. long- in some specimens, twice that
size in others, not thick, g-reen and reticulate on both sides, somewhat
shining- above, a few of the primary veins more prominent than the
others. Panicles slender, glabrous, much shorter than the leaves.
Pedicels rather long-. Flowers sniall. Perianth-tube very thick, broadly
turbinate, nearly 1 line dianieter, forming- a tliick projecting- ring- round
the base of the lobes which are sliorter than the tube, broad and conni-
vent, the 3 inner ones rather smaller than and cjuite enclosed in the
outer ones. Stamens of the outer row entirely deficient, of the inner
row^ 3, without g-lands at their base, but alternating- with sessile stami-
nodia. Fruit g-lobular, | to f in. diameter, resting- on thickened pedicels
of I in. or more.

N. S. Wales. Clarence and Richmond rivers, Beclder, C. Moore.
In some specimens the perianth-tube enlarges, apparently from the efiect of some in-
sect, iuto a hard globular verrucose gall of 1 in. diameter or more.

6. E. Muelleri, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 509. A moderate-sized
tree, glabrous except a minute ferruginous tomentum on the inflores-
cence and sometimes on the young- shoots. Leaves ovate elH|)tical or
broadly oblong-, acuminate, cuneate at the base, g-reen on both sides,
the primary veins more prominent and the reticidations less so than in
U. Sicberi, mostly 3 to 5 in. long-. Panicles axillary, loose, much shorter
than the leaves. Pedicels long-er than the fiower. Perianth-tube thick
and fleshy, broadly turljinate, 1| lines diameter, the lobes small and
connivent. Stamens 3 with broad flattened g-lands ; staminodia of the
outer series deficient, of the inner series small or obsolete. Fruit not
seen.

N. S. TVales. Hastings and Macleay rivers, BccMer. A specimen from Bel-
lingcr river, C. Moore, may belong to it also, but is only in bud and doubtful. The
species is near E. virens, but with broader, less reticulate leaves, and the fiowers twice
as largc. Tiie glands in the flower of this and some other species described sometimes
as staniinodia appear to me to be preciseiy the same as the giands of the inner stamens
of 80 many other Laurineae.

7. E. pubens, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 509. A lar^e tree, the
branches and potioles more or less velvety-tomentose and ferrug-inous.
Lcaves oval to elliptical-oblong-, obtusely aeimiinate or almost obtuse,
narrowed at the nase, 4 to 8 in. long-, g-labrous above, prominently

Endinndra.] cili. i.aurink/E. 303

veined and piibescent or villous underneath. Panicles axillary, broadlv
thj-rsoid, usually about 1 in. long-, sometimes more branched and hnlf as
long- as tlie leaves, sometimes very short, more or less ferrug-inous-hir-
sute. Bracts narrow, the lower ones often 1 line long', those in the
cymes smaller. Pedicels scarcely so hDiig' as the tiower. Perianth
nearly l^, lines long", the tube tliick, turbinate, broader than the limb,
the lobes small and erect. Stamens 3, usually exserted, the filaments
rather narrow, without g-hmds, but alternating' with sinall staminodia,
the outer series quite deficient. Fruit globular, ^ to f in, diameter. —
Cryptocarya Muelleri, Meissn. l.c. 73.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, F. Muellef.

N. S. Wales. Clarence river, Beckler ; Kichmond river, Henderson ; Bellinger
river, C. Moore.

Var. glahrijJora. Perianth rather larger, glabrous. Bracts ovate, concave. — Rich-
mond river, Hendersoii.

4. CINNAMOMUM, Burm.

Flowers usually more or less unisexual. Perianth-seg-ments 6, equal
or nearly so. Stamens of the outer series 6, all perfect with introrse
anthers, of the inner series 3 perfect, with extrorse anthers, alternating-
with 3 short staminodia ; anthers 4-celled, or the inner ones rarely 2-
celled ; g-lands 6, at the base of the inner perfect stamens. Ovary not
immersed. Berry seated on tlie somewhat enhirg-ed truncate or 0-lobed
perianth-tube, the seg-ments wholly or partially deciduous. — Trees or
shrubs. Leaves opposite or often more or less alternate on the same
tree, 3-nerved or rarely 5-nerved. Flowers in axiUary panicles, more
or less unisexual, the females usually rather larg-er and fewer in tlie
panicle with the stamens slig-htly imperfect, the males smaller aud more
numerous witli a sterile ovary. The numbers of parts of the perianth
and of the stamens liable to occasional variation, especially in the females.

The genus extends over tropical and subtropical Asia as far as Japan, the only
Australian species being the same as an E. Indian one.

1. C. Tamala, Th. Nees. ; Nees. Syst. Laurin. 66. A larg-e tree with
a smooth almost white bark (^Dallachy). Leaves opposite or here and
there alternate, oblong--IanceoIate or ovate-lanceolate, obtusely acumi-
nate, acute at the base, 3 to 6 in. long-, triplinerved, silvery underneath
when young" with small closely appressed hairs, the older ones g"labrous
or nearly so and showing- underneath the fine reticulate veinlets. Pe-
duncles iii tlie uppermost axils, bearing- in tlie Australian specimens
(probably from a fertile tree) a loose panicle rather shorter or rather
long-er than the leaves more or less silvery-pubeseent. Pedicels about
as long- as the perianth. Perianth-tube about 1 line, the seg-ments or
lobes 2 lines long*. Stamens shorter than the perianth, some or all ap-
parently perfect but unequally so in the fiowers examined. Stig-ma
broadly peltate. — Miq. Rev. Cinnam. in Ann. Mus. Lug-d. Bat. i. 268 ;
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 17 ; Laurus Tamala^ Hamilt. in Trans. Linn.

304 Clil. LAURIXE^. [Cinnamomum.

Soc. xiii. 555 ; L. Casmt, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, 297, not of Willd ; Ciuna-
viomum Laubatii, F. Muell. Fni^ni. v. 105.

Queensland. Sea-view Range, Rockingliam Bay, Dallaclnj.

Tlicse specimens appear to nie to agree perfectly with E. Indian ones of the fertile
tree, accurately described by Roxburgii, who gives it as a native of various mountains
of the Indian Continent. 'ihe figure of Th. ^lees, in the Suppiement to his Officinal
riants, represents the niale or seniimale forin, witli .snialler, more numerous flowers in
hirgcr panicles. Tiie Australian spcciniens havc only very few of the flowers fully ont,
and no fruit. In Indian ones the fruiting periaulh has 6 short Iruncate lobes, the upper
portion of the lobes beiiig alone deciduous. There are several other Indian Cinnamoma
described as spccies which, as observed by both Miquel and Meissner, are very difficult
to distinguish in all their various forms from C. Tamala, and may be hereafter united
with it ; but even then, as far as I liave been able to ascertain, Hamilton's specific
name of Tamala will liave to be rctained as the oidest.

5. TETRANTHERA, Jacq.

(Cylicodaphne, Nees.)

Flowers dioecious. Periantli-seg-ments 6, equal or nearly so, or rarely
unequal or fewer by abortion. Stamens of the outer series usually 6,
perfect, of the inner series either G perfect, or 3 perfect alternating- Avith
3 staminodia or (in species not Australian) the whole number more or
less increased ; anthers all introrse, 4-celled ; g-lands usually 6, one on
each side of 3 inner stamens ; the stamens reduced to staminodia in the
feniale Howers, but the g-lands usually present. Ovary imperfect or
■wholly abortive in the males, free in the females ; stig-ma usually dilated
and toothed or lobed. Berry restiug- on the more or less enlarg-ed llat
concave or cup-shaped perianth-tube, the seg-ments deciduous. — Trees.
Leaves alternate or rarely irregularly opposite, penniveined. Flowers
in cymes reduced to small umbels lieads or clusters within an involucre
of 4 concave deciduotis bracts, arrang-ed in short racemes or clusters in
the axils or at the leaHess nodes.

A largc genus, chiefly tropical Asiatic, cxtending in few species to Japan and
Western America. Of the four Australian species, one has a wide range over tropical
Asia, the others, as far as I have been able to ascertain, are endemic.

Sect. 1. Tomex. — Perianth-tuhe slighthj enlarged under the fruit, flat or slightly
concave.

Leaves hoary-pubescent or glabrous, usually large, the reticula-

tions not prominent. Flowers rather lavge 1. T.laurifolia.

Sect. 2. Cylicodaphne. — Perianth-iuhe more enlarged under thefruit, more con-
cave or aqishaped.

Leaves large, broad, very obtuse, glabrous, not reticulate . . . 2. T. Bindoniana.
Leaves broad or narrow, obtuse, ferruginous underneath, not re-

ticulate 3. T. ferruginea.

Leaves rather thin, glabrous, conspicuously reticulate on both

BJJes 4. r. reticulata.

Sect. 1. ToiViEX. — Perianth-tube slightly enlarged under the fruit,
flat or slig^htlj^ concave.

Tetranthera.'\ ciii. laurixe.i?:. 305

1. T. laurifolia, Jncq., Mci.^inn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 178. A small
tree, tlie branches foliag-e and inllorescence more or less hoary-pubes-
cent or the okier lea\'es giabrous. Leaves petiolate, ovate obovate-
elliptical or ol^long-, olituso, shortly acuminate or rathor acute, 4 to 8
in. long- on tlie tiowering- branclies, often larger on barren ones, g-reen
on both sides or g-laucous umierneath, the primary veins prominent on
the underside. Peduncles 3 to 6 lines long-, clixstered or racemose, the
common rliacliis sometimes very short and usually sliorter tlian tlie pe-
duncles. Bracts of tlie involucres about 2 lines diameter, enclosing" 5
or more sessile or very siiortly pediceiiate viiious llowers. Perianth-
seg-ments very irreg-uiar, 1 to 6 or entireiy abortive, and always very de-
ciduous. Stamens in the Australian specimens usuaiiy 10 or 11, in
some Asiatic ones more numerous ; fiiaments fiiiform, iiairy, 3 or 4 of
tlie inner ones witli a pair of giands at the base. Fruit g'iobular, 3 or
4 iines diameter, resting- on tiie more or less thiclcened pedicei with the
persistent perianth-tube somewhat eniarg-ed but flat or siig-htly concave.
—T. apctala, Roxb. Pi. Corom. ii. 26, t. 147 ; R. Br. Prod. 403.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown, Henne; Port
Darwin, Schulz.

Queensland. Port Denison, Fitzalan, Dallachy; Elliott river, Bowman.

The Australian speciniens belona; chiefly to Meissner's var. citrifolia, with acuminate
or almost acute leaves, but Brown's inchide also some with very ol^tuse leaves.

Sect. 2. Cylicodaphne. — Perianth-tube more eniarg'ed under the
fruit tiian in Tomex, more concave or cup-shaped.

2. T. Bindoniana, F. 3Iuell. Fragm. v. 167. A smail tree, the
young" branclies and petioies minuteiy ferrug-inous-tomentose or at iength
g^labrous. Leaves on rather iong- petioles, broadly ovate obovate or
orbicuiar, obtuse, 5 to 8 in. long', firmiy coriaceous, giabrous above,
g-iaucous or somewhat ferrug-inous underneath, witii the primary veins
much raised, the smailer transverse ones not numerous. Male flowers
not seen. Femaie pedtmcies 2 to 3 lines long-, in aimost sessile clusters,
ferruginous-pubescent as well as tlie bracts. Flowers 5, sessile. Pe-
rianth neariy 2 lines iong-, viilous ; seg-ments 6, riarrow, as long as the
tube. Staminodia 6, outer ones without g-lands, 3 inner each with
a pair of g-iands. Ovary pubescent. Style thick, villous, with a flat
spreading" somewhat iobed stigma. Fruit (not seen ripe) protruding'
from tiie eniarged persistent cup-shaped truncate perianth-tube. —
Cylicodaphne Bindoniana, F. Mueli. i.c.

Queensland. Summit of M^Alister hill, Eockingham Bay, Dallachy.

3. T. ferruginea, 7?. Br. Prod. 403. A tree of 30 ft. or more,
the branches and petioles ferruginous-pubescent or villous. Leaves
from broadly ovate to elliptical-oblong, acuminate or rarely obtuse,
rounded or cuneate at the base, 3 to 5 in. long, ratiier firm, giabrous
and shining above, ferruginous-pubescent underneath, with raised pri-
mary veins, and transverse veiniets. Peduncles ciustered in the axils
or at the oid nodes, 3 to 6 iines long in the maies, shorter in the females.

VOL. V. X

305 crii. LAURiNEiE. \Tetranthcra.

Bracts orLicular, enclosing- 5 or 6 flowers on very sliort tliick jtedicels.
Perianth-segments 6, lanceolate ciliate and very deciduous in tlie feniales,
broader more obtuse and sometimes fewer in tlie males. Perfect sta-
mens 2, twice as long- as tlie perianth, the filaments hairy ; staminodia
in the females 12, short. Fruit (not seen quite ripe) ovoid, resting- in
tlie enlarg-ed cup-shaped truncate perianth-tuhe which attains 3 to 4
lines diameter, — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 192 ; Cijlicodaphne Leefeana,
F. Muell. Fragm. v. 109.

Queensland. Cape Grafton and Endcavour river, Baiiks and Solander, A. Cun-
Tiingham ; Eockingbara Bay, Dallachy ; between Cleveland and Eockingbara Bays,
W. Hill.

Var. lanceolata, Meissn. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate. Male flowers as m
tbe typical form, females unknown. — T. nesogena, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 169.— Family
island, Rockingbam Bay, iJallachy ; Brisbane river, C. Moore (Sydney woods, Paris
Exbibition, 1855, n. 15)."

It seems very doubtfiil wbciber Ilexanthwi of Loureiro, from Cocbincbina, usually
referred to T. ferrvginea, is really tbe same species.

4. T. reticulata, Meism. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 192. A tree of con-
siderable size, g-labrous except the flowers, or the young- slioots minutely
silkv-pubescent. Leaves obovate-oblong- or oblong--elliptical, obtuse or
scarcely acuminate, narrowed into the petiole, mostly 8 to 4 in. long-,
not thick, g-reen on both sides, the primary veins not very prominent,
the reticulations much more conspicuous on the upper than on the lower
surface. Peduncles 3 to 5 lines long- in the males, much shorter in the
females, usuall}^ in short irregular racemes or clusters, on a common
rhachis at first very short but sometimes lengthening- to | in., g-labrous
as well as the bracts. Perianth-segments narrow, acute, silky-villous.
Stamens in the males 6 outer ones rather longer than the perianth and
withotit glands, 3 inner rather shorter, each with a pair of glands.
Staminodia in the females shorter than the perianth. Ovary g-labrous ;
stigma broad and lobed. Fruit ovoid, resting- in the enlarg-ed truncate
cup-shaped perianth-tube. — Cylicodaphne Fawcettian/i or Tetranthera
Fawcettiana, F. Muell. Fragm. v, 168.

Queensland. Eockingbam Bay, DaUachy ; Sydiiey woods (probably from Bris-
bane river), Paris Exbibition, 1855, Macarthur, n. 24, 192.

6. LITS^A, Juss.

Flowers dioecious. Perianth-segments usually 4, equal or nearly so.
Stamens of the outer series usually 4, perfect, of the inner series 2 per-
fect, Avithout staminodia ; glands 4, one on each side of the 2 inner
stamens ; anthers all 4-celled introrse ; stamens in the females reduced
to staminodia. Ovary imperfect or abortive in the males, free in the
females ; stig-ma disk-shaped. Berry resting- on the flat somewhat or
scarcely dilated perianth-tube, the seg-ments persistent or deciduous. —
Trees. Leaves alternate, frequently crowded and almost whorled atthe
ends of the shoots, usually pennivcined but with few primary veins and
the lower pair more prominent so as often to appear triplinerved.

Litsaa.] ciii. laurine^. 307

Flowers in sessile or nearly sessile clusters surrounded by several very
deciduous imbricate bracts.

The genus extends over tropical Asia. Of the two Australian species one is a
comnion Indian one, the othcr appears to be endemic.

Glabrous or the inflorescence slightly pubescent. Fruiting perianth

entire (the segments deciduous) 1. L. zeylanica.

More or less ferruginous-villous, at least the young shoots and inflo-
rescence. Fruiting perianth 4-toothed (the segments wholly or par-
tially persistent) 2. L. dealhata.

1. Ij. zeylanica, Nces.^frr. Cinnam. Dispnt.in Ainoeii. Bot. Bonn. i. 58,
t. 5. A larg-e tree, tbe branches and inllorescence quite g-labrous or
scarcely boary witb a very minute tomentum. Leaves ovate-elliptical
or elliptical-oblong', acuminate, contracted at tbe base, 3 to 5 in. long",
g'labrous and gTeen above, white or glaucous underneath, penniveined
but with few primary veins, the lowest pair more prominent tban the
otbers. Flowers in sessile chisters in the axils or at the old nodes, on
pedicels of 1 to 2 lines usually g-labrous as well as tbe perianths.
JPeriantb-segments ovate-oblong-, obtuse. Fibiments exserted, with a
few bairs about tbe base ; g-lands of tbe two inner ones stipitate. Berry
g'lobular or slig'btly ovoid, larg-er than in L. dealhata, resting* on tbe per-
sistent periantb-tube expanded into an entire or slig-btly ang'ular flat
disk of 2J to 3 lines diameter, tbe segments entirely deciduous. —
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 226 ; Wig-bt, Ic. t. 132 and 1844.

Queensland. Lizard island, Baiiks and Solander (the specimens impei-fect and
therefore omitted by R. Brown) ; Port Deuison, Fitzalan : Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ;
between Cleveland and Eockingham Bays, W. Hill; Rockhampton, Thozet.

The species has a wide range over tropical Asia, including L.follosa, Nees, Meissn.
in DC. Prod. xv. i. 222, L. consimilis, Nees, Meissn. l.c. 223, L.pulchella, Meissn. l.c.
224, and probably some others of the Prodromus. The details of the flower in Nees's
plate are very indifferent, and rather coarse in Wighfs figures.

2. L. dealbata, Nees. S^st. Lanrin. 630. A moderate-sized tree, the

young' sboots softly ferruginous-villous. Leaves petiolate, ovate-ellip-
tical or almost oblong", acuminate, contracted at the base, 3 to 6 in. long-,
g-labrous above witb the primary veins slightly prominent, g-lau-
cous underneatb, the primary veins more prominent and g-labrous or
villous, few in number and the lowest pair usually long-er and thicker.
Flowers in sessile clusters, axillary or at the old nodes, the pedicels
tbick, 1 to 2 lines long. Periantb-seg'ments 4, lanceolate, 1 to 1| lines
long", villous outside and tbe margins fring-ed with long- ferruginous
hairs. Filaments filiform, long-er than the perianth, bearded with a few
hairs below the middle ; the staminodia in the females small and irre-
gular. Ovary slightly hairy; stig-ma broad and oblique. Fruit globular, 3
to 4 lines diameter, resting on tbe persistent periantb-tube enlarged into
a small flat disk, 4-tootbed with the persistent remainsof the segments.
— Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 224 ; Tetranthera dealbata, R. Br. Prod. 403.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

N. S. Wales. Hawkesbury and Hunter's river, Bechler ; Hastings river, BecMer ;
Richmond river, Henderson, Fawcett ; Clarence river, C. Moore ; Illawarra, A. Cunning-
ham ; Sydney woods, Paris Exhibition, 1855, M'Arthur, n. 101.

X 2

808 Clll. LAURINE^. [Litscea.

Var. riifa. The rufous hairs more abundaiit and persistent on the branchis and
underside of the leaves. Brisbane river, Jloreton Bay, Fraser, F. Muelltr, W. EiU,
Leichhardt ; Blue Mountains, Iliss Atkinson.

SuBORDER 2. Cassythe^. — Leafloss parasitical twiners. Flowers
in spikes or racemes. Anther-valves opening- upwards.
The suborder is limited to a single genus.

7. CASSYTHA, Linn.

Flowers hermaphrodite (or semi-dioecious ?). Perianth-seg-ments 6,
the 3 outer ones short broad and resembling- the bracts, the three inner
ones (when fiiU g-rown) at least twice as long-, almost valvate in the
bud. Stamens of the outer row 6, all perfect with introrse anthers, or
rarely 3 of them (opposite the inner segments) reduced to linear or
spathulate staminodia ; of the inner series 3 perfect with extrorse anthers
(opposite the outer perianth-segments), alternating Avith 3 staminodia ;
anthers all 2-celled ; ghmds 6, one on each side at the base of the inner
perfect stamens. Ovary free, scarcely immersed in the perianth-tube
till after flowering ; stigma small, obtuse or capitate. Fruit drupaceous,
completely enclosed in the enh^rged persistent and succulent perianth-
tube, usuallv crowned by the small persisfeut segments. Seed with a
membranous testa. Embryo with thick fleshy cotyledons, distinct at
an early stage, but completely consolidated when ripe, assuming- the
appearance of a fleshy albumen at the base of which the plumula simu-
hites an embryo. — Leafless parasites with filiform or wiry twining stems
attaching themselves to living plants (usually shrubs or trees) by means
of small hmistuvia (suckers). Leaves rephicedby minute scales. Flowers
small, sometimes very minute, in pedunculate or rarely sessile spikes,
which are either reduced to close heads or elongated and interrupted,
or in racemes ; each flower sessile or pedicellate within a minute scale-
like bract, with 2 similar bracteoles close under the perianth.

The genus is chiefly Australian and more or less maritime, and the species enume-
rated are all endemic, witli the excepfion of one which extends also over the tropical
regions of Africa, Asia, and America. There are besides one or two species from
S. Airica, and one from Borneo which may be distinct, but require further inves-
tigation.

The anomalous habit of Cas.tytha, so exactly that of Cmcuta, has induced Lindley
and others to propose it as a distinct natural Order, but the structure of the flower is so
precisely that of ('ryptocarya, that it l>as beeii agaiii reunited with Laurinefe as a sub-
order. The fruit is also the same witii the exception of the hurd endocarp, and the
cotyledons are so completely consolidated in the ripe seed, that Gpertiier described them
as a fleshy albumen, mistaking the plumula, which is at least as much developed as in
other Laurineae, for the embryo. R. l>rown pointed out tiiis error, and GrifEth and
others fagured the real embryo with a distinct iiiie of separation between the two coty-
ledons. In the dried fruits I had at my disposal I could not detect any such demarca-
tion, and I sliould liave followed GaBrtiier in describing the seed as albuminous had it
not been for Brown's very decidea contradiction, more especialiy as Colonel Champion
in some sketchcs made from the living plant in Hong Kong scemed to confirm Gfertner's
view. On writing, however, to Dr. Thwaites in Ceylon, he has kindly examined fresh
seede, and fully corroborates Brown's and GrifSth's statements, explaining the discre-

Casai/tha.] CIII. I,AURINE.E. 309

pancies by the circumstance that it is only at an eavly stage that the cotyledons are
clearly distinct, the line of demarcation becoming obliterated long before maturity.

In several species the specimeiis show two fornis of flower, aiways on different indi-
vidiials, iii tlie one the perianth-tube is exceedingly short, in the other it is globular and
as long as the segments. In both, the stamens as well as the ovary appear to be per-
fect, usually more advanceii in the iatter than in the former ; but 1 have not as yet
found any intermediate state, a circumstance which suggests a certain degree of uni-
sexuality. Nees has generally and Meissner occasionally considered the two forms as
distinct species, the one with a rotate, the other with an urceolate perianth, in which
view, however, I cannot concur.

Flowers sessile in a spike or head.

Flowers capitate, very small (the spikes contracted into ovoid
globose or few-flowered heads).

Spikes sessile. Flowers very few \. C. nodlflora.

Spikes pedunculate. Flowers few, glabrous 2. C. glalella.

Spikes pedunculate. Flowers rather numerous, densely pu-

bescent 3. C.flava.

(The spikes of 9, C. micrantlia, 4, C. pvhescens, and 8, C. me-
lantha, are sometiraes capitate when in bud.)
Flowers spicate, the spikes when fully out oblong or elongated,
the lower or all the flowers more or less distant.
Flowers pubescent or villous. Ovary hirsute.

Spikes short, almost capitate when young. Fruiting perianth

globular 4. C puhescens.

Spikes elongated. Flowers all distant. Fruiting perianth

obovoid or pear-shaped 5. C.pkceolasia.

Flowers glabrous or nearly so. Ovary ghibrous.

Flowers 1 to IJ lines long. Spikes usually elongated, the
flowers distant.

Fruiting perianth with 6 raised ribs 6. C. paniculala.

Fruitiug perianth smooth, the ribs scarcely visible ... 7. Cfiliformis.

Flowers 2"lines long. Spikes very short 8. C. melantha.

Flowers 4 Hne long. Spikes short but slender .... 9. C. micrantha.
Flowers (when fuUy out) pedicellate in a raceme, sometimes almost
shortened into an umbel.
Stamens opposite the inner perianth-segments reduced to linear

stann'nodia 10. C. racemosa.

Stamens all perfect 11. C. pomiformis.

I have been unable to recognise C. coronata, Nees in Pl. Preiss. i. 620, from W.
Australia, Preiss, n. 1627 (Meissu. in DG. Prod. xv. i. 254), described as dioecious,
densely pubescent, with short recurved peduncles, short dense spikes, the stamens of
the female flowers all reduced to broad petal-like staminodia.

1. C. nodiflora, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 252. Quite g-labrous.
Stems slender. Spikes closely sessile at the nodes, reduced to heads of
2 to 6 rather small sessile ilowers quite glabrous. Bracts broad, obtuse,
the margins often slightly ffinged. Perianth nearly 1 line long-. Fruit
ovoid, nearly 2 lines long, but not seen perfect.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 149 (in young fruit), 5th coll. n. 226 and 228 (in
flower).

2. C. glabella, F. Br. Prod. 404. Glabrous. Stems filiform. Spikes
peduuculate, reduced to heads of 3 to 6 or rarely more very small
ilowers. Perianth f Une long, quite glabrous as well as the bracts ; in
some specimens the tube undeveloped but the ovaries perfect, in others
the iiowers rather longer and the tube enclosing- the ovary but the sta-

310 nii. LAURiNE-i:. [Cassi/tfui.

mens apparently perfect. Fruit ovoid, about 2 lines long. — Meissn. in
DC. Prod. XV. i. 254 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 318 ; F. Muell. Pl. Vict.
ii. t. 68; C. dispar, Schlecht in Linntiea, xx. 578, Meissn. l.c. 253; C.
microcephala, Meissn. l.c. 253 ; C. casuariiice, Nees in Pl. Preiss. i. 019 ;
Meissn. l.c. 253.

N. Australia. Islands of the gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown ; Sturfs Creek,
F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, Schulz.

N. S. V^ales. Port Jackson, R. Bmwn, J. D. JSooker, Cloices, Woolls ; Castle-
main, Leichhardt ; Twofold Bay, JF. Mueller.

Victoria. Fortland and Glenelg river, Rohertson ; near Melbourne, Adamson ;
Dandenong Crampian and Victoria Ranges, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Broicn ; abundant on the north coast, denseiy
matted over bushes, etc, J. D. Hooher.

S. Australia. Kangaroo Island, SeeJey.

^V. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, R. Brown and many
others, Drummond (3rd colL?) suppl. n. 64, 68, Preiss, n. 1624; Murchison river,
Oldjield.

3. C. flava, Nees in Pl. Preiss. i. 620. Stems slender, frequently
filiform, more or less pubescent with w^hitish hairs, which are spreading*
or rarely appressed under the spikes. Spikes or heads g-lobular or ovoid,
consisting- of very small closely sessile llowers usually more numerous
than in C. r/labella and the peduncles longer. Bracts and outer seg'-
ments of the perianth ciliate and hirsute ; inner seg"ments under | line
long", pubescent outside with yellowish hairs. Ovary hirsute. Fruit
not seen. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 253.

^V. Australia, Drummond, {3rd coll.7) suppl. n. 62 a7id 67 ; Swan river, Freiss,
n. 1622 ; near Cape Riche, Harvey.

4. C. pubescens, li. Br. Prod. 404. Stems more robust than in
C. fflabeUa, less so than in C. vuianthu, but variable, the young' branches
and inllorescence shortly pubescent or villous. Spikes short, forming-
when in bud close heads of few flowers, but lengthening- out sometimes
to f in., with the lower Howers rather distant, the pedunde alwa^-s short.
Flowers usually about 1\ lines long-, pubescent outside, tlie inner seg'-
ments appearing* narrower in the fi-uiting- specimens than in those in
which the tube remains undeveloped. Ovary villous. Fruiting- perianth
ovoid, pubescent, about 2 lines lono-. — Schlecht. Linmea, xx. 577 ;
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 255 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 318 ; C. piligera,
Schlecht. Linnoea, xxi. 446 ; C. tasmanica, Meissn. I.c. 252 ; C. mujulosa,
Meissn. 1. c. 255.

Queensland. Hervey Bay and Sandy Cape, R. Brown.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, very common, R. Brown, J. D. Hoolcer, Fraser,
Woolls, and others ; Hastings river, Beckler ; New Enghmd, C. Stuart.

Victoria. Glenelg river, Robertson; Port Phillip, Gann ; Melbourne, Adamson;
Wilsoti's Promontory, F. Mueller.

Tasiuania, R. Broivn. Abundant in many parts of the island, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. From the Murray to St. Vincenfs Gulf, F. Mueller ; Port Lincoln,
WHiiehni.

W. Australia, Dmmmond, n. 147; Murchison river, Oldjield (the latter speci-
mens and otliers from Drummond, n. 10, very bad and therefore doubtful).

5. C. phseolasia, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 167. Veiy near C. puhescens

Cassi/tha.] Ciii. laurine^. 311

and C.^fiUfonnis, differing- from tlie former in inflorescence, Irom the
latter in indumentum and from both perhaps in the form of the fruit.
Stems g-labrous or nearly so. Spikes pubescent, mterrupted, 1 to 2 in.
long-, the tiowers all distant. Perianth in the specimens with un-
enlarg-ed tube not 1 Hne long-, hirsute, in those with enlarg-ing- ovary,
the tube at flrst g-lobuhir densely ferruginous-hirsute, the seg-ments
shorter than the tube, pubescent or nearly g-labrous. Fruit obovoid or
pear-shaped, nearly 2 lines long", but not seen quite ripe.

N. S. Wales. Twofold Bay, F. 3Iueller.

Victoria. Yarra river, Portland, aad near Brighton, F. 31ueller.

6. C. paniculata, i?. Br. Prod. 404. Quite g-labrous or with a
scarcely perceptible pubescence on the inflorescence. Spikes pedun-
culate, elong-ated and sometimes branched, the flowers usually smaller
and more distant than those of C.Jiliformis, but sometimes dilficult to
disting'uish from them. Perianth quite g-hibrous or rarely with a few
hairs. Fruiting- perianth g-lobular, with 6 raised longitudinal ribs. —
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 256 ; C. glabella, Sieb. Pl. Exs. not of R. Br.

Queensland. Moreton island, F. Mueller.

Wr. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 218,
and others ; Port Macqnarrie, BackJiouse ; Clarence river, Beckler.

Var. remotiflora. Inflorescence very slightly pubescent. — C. remotiflora, F. Muell. ;
Meissn. in DO. Prod. xv. i. 256. — To this belong the Moreton island specimens.

Specimens from New Zealand may possibly belong to this species, but they are not
in fruit.

7. C. filiformis, Lin/i. ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 255. Glabrous
or the young' shoots and inflorescence slig-htly pubescent. Spikes in-
terrupted, h to nearly 2 in. long-, the flowers all distant and sessile or
nearly so. Periauth 1 to 1 1 lines long-, g-labrous except short cilia on
the marg-ins of the outer seg-ments, the inner ones broad, the 3 outer
stamens opposite the outer seg-ments (as in most species) much broader
than those opposite the inner ones, but all perfect. Ovary g-labrous.
Fruiting- perianth g'lobular, 2^ to 3 lines diameter, smooth, without
prominent ribs. — C.fjiiitieensis, Schum. ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 255 ;
C. americana, Nees ; Meissn. l.c.

N. Australia ? Some specimens from Victoria river, F. Mueller, in an imperfect
state may probably belong to this species.

Queensland. ' Albany island, Howick's group, and between Dawson and Burnett
rivers, F. Mueller ; Rockhampton, O^ Slianest/, Bowman.

The species is widely spread over tropical Asia, Africa, and America, chiefly in rnari-
time districts, for I am unable to detect any diflerence between our numerous African
and American specimens and the Asiatic ones. The New Zealand spepimens referred
by Meissner to C. paniculata may possibly belong also to C. filiformis ; tbey are ia
flower only, and without the fruit the two species cannot be distinguished with cer-
tainty. Both have occasi.nuilly branched spikes, although this be more frequent in
C. panicidata than in C. filiformis.

8. C. melantha, li. Br. Prud. 404. Stems glabrous, stouter and
flowers larg-er than in any other species. Spikes very short and shortly
pedunculate, sometimes almost reduced to heads especially when in bud

312 Ciil. laurink.t:. [Cimytha.

and few-flowered, tlie fruiting- rhacliis varying- from 3 to 6 lines long-,
the tiowers sessile. Perianth about 2 lines long-, pubescent with short
appressed hairs or nearly g-kibrous. Fruiting- perianth ovoid-gh^bular,
3 to 4 lines long-, the whole ])hint especially the tlowers usually (h'ying-
very black.— Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 254 ; Hook. f Fl. Tasm. i. 31? ;
C. ruhusta, Meissn. 1. c. 255.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown.

Victoria. Near Melbourne, Harvey ; Corner Inlet, Dandenong and Buffalo Ranges,
F. Jhidler.

Tasmania. Abundant near Launceston, cbiefly on Acacias, /. D. HooTter.

S. Australia. Lake Victoria, Mount Baker, Fb'nders Ranges, F. Mueller ;
Gawler Kaiiges, SidUvan (tbe latter specimens bad and doubtful).

IV. Australia. S.W. Bay, on Acacias near the sea, Oldfield.

9. C. micrantha, Meh.m. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 256. As C. melantha
is the stoutpst hirgest-ilowered species so this is the most slender and
smallest-llowered one, quite glabrous, with fihform stems. Peduncles

3 to 6 Hnes long-, with few^ ilowers either close tog-ether at the end or
the lower ones distant. Perianth searcely ^ line long. Fruit not seen.

VT. Australia. Harvey, Drummond [ird coll. f) svppl. «.61 and n. 152.

10. C. racemosa, NeesinPl. Preiss. i. 621. Glabrous in the typical
form, with slender stems. Spikes or racemes pedunculate with few
flowers, sometimes crow^ded at the end of the peduncle, more frequently
distant, pedicellate or rarely nearly sessile, small and ghabrous. Perianth
under 1 line long. Three stamens of the outer row, those opposite the
inner perianth-segments, reduced to Hnear staminodia, nearly as long*
as tlie perfect stamens and sometimes slig-htly dihated above the middle,
but always without anther-cells, the other stamens as in the rest of the
g-enus. Fruiting" perianth globular ovoid or obovoid, obscurely 6-ribbed,
about 2 Hnes diameter. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 257 ; C. Muelleri,
Meissn. 1. c. 257 ; C. digitata, Nees in Ph Preiss. i. 620 ; Meissn. L c.
257.

Queensland. Moreton island, F. Mueller. AUbougb frora a station so distant from
tbat of tbc rcst of tbe species, and therefore distinguished under the name of 0. Muelleri,
I am unable to discovcr any cbaracter to separate it evcn as a variety.

■^V. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, Harvey, Preiss, n.
1623, Drummond, n. 133, 226, 229, and suppl. n. 68, A Muvlkr.

Y ar. pilosa. Stems more or less pubescent, with loose spreading bairs. Raccmes
short, the pedicels rather long. — C. suhcapitata, Mcissn. in DU. Prod. xv. i. 253, partiy.
— W. Australia, Drummond, n. 203; King George'8 Sound and Gordon river, Oldfield.

Wben the pedicels are very sbort, C. racemosa migbt be mistaktn for C glahella,
but it is always readily distinguished in all its forms by tbe staminodia instead of
stamens opposite tbe inner periantb-segments, wbicb 1 have not observed in any otlier
species.

C. mnheUuta, l\Ieissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 257, from towards Cape Riclie, Harvey,
eeems to me to be ratber a half-monstrous state of C. racemosa, var. pilosa, than a dis-
tinct species. The pedicels are most of tbem much elongated and tbickened, sometimes

4 or 5 lines long, and irregubirly cbistered at the apex of a verj short or of a long
peduncle, but bere and tbere iu tbe specimens are a few raceraes almost or quite
uormal.

Cassijtha.] ciii. kaukink^j. 'H^i

11. C. pomiformis, Nees in Pl. Preiss. i. 620. Rather slender and
tlie typical form g'la])roiis. Spikes or racemes sliort and rig-id, at
first dense forminy a small head, at length interrupted with the llowers
rather distant and horne on short pedicels, the rhachis and pedicels much
thickened after Howering-. Perianth ahout 1 line lony. Stamens op-
posite the inner se|T;-ments narrow hut perfect, tliose o])posite the outer
seg-ments hroad and ahnost petal-Hke. Fruiting- perianth small, ovoid,
not ribhed. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 253 ; C. ceratupoda, Meissn. l.c.
257.

N. Australia, Drummond, n 1.51, and perliaps n. 150 (tlie latter in very young
bud and doubttul) ; Swan river, Prei^s, n. 1625/ King George's Sound, i7«ree//, i^.
Alueller.

This tvpical form is iiear C. glahella, but as the flowering advances, the longer spike
and thickened pedicels will readily distinguish it.

Var. puhiflora. Flowers pubescent, with the short yellowish hairs of C flava, but
pediceliate and niore orless racemose. — (J. suhcapitata, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 25H,
partly; C. multiflora, Nees, in Pl. Preiss. i. 621; Meissn. 1. c. 253. — W. Australia,
Drummond, suppl. n. 63 ; King George's Sound, Pre.ss, n. 2629,

SuBORDER 3. HERNANmE.s;. — Trees or shrubs with perfect leaves.
Flowers monoecious, the females with an involucel which enlarg-es and
encloses the fruit. Anther-valves opening" laterally. Seeds without
albumen.

Formerly associated with Inocarpus, on grounds which now appear quite unintelli-
gible, in a distinct order, Hernandia has beeu left isolated, aud 1 had tliouyht, from the
characters given, that it had been related to Euphorhiarea}. The examinatiou of the
flowers, however, at once shows the correctness of tlie more recent views phicing it in
close connection with Laurinese, with which Order Meissner was unwilliug actually to
unite it on account of the dehiscence of tlie authers. The ditference is, huwever, in
this rcspect but very sniall. The shape of the stamens, their basal glands, the innate
anther-cells closed by deciduous valves, are precisely the same, tlie only distinction
being that in Laurinese generally the valves are detached from the base upwards, and
in Hemandia from the inner to the outer side. Another difference coiisists in the infe-
rior ovary, the perianth-tube being from tlie first aduate, whilst in Laurinece it only
becomes so as tlie fruit eniarges (e.g. in Cryptocarya and iu Cassytha) or remains quite
free. On the whole, tlierefore, it appears to me that Hernandia and the closely allied
if not congener Hernandiopsis are be-:t placed as a Suborder of liaurineaB, sepaiated by
characters of scarcely more importance than those which distiiiguisb Cassytha.

8. HERNANDIA, Linn.

Fh)wers monoecious. Perianth-segments in two rows, valvate in each
row in the bud, 3 or 4 in each row in the males and 4 or 5 in the females.
Male 11. Stamens as many as the outer perianth-segments andopposite
to them, w^th a g'kind on each side at the base (or in species not Aus-
traHan on one siile only or none) ; anthers 2-celled, introrse, the valves
separating- laterally from the inner to the outer edg-e. Female tl. in-
serted iu a cup-shaped or h^bed involuceh Glands or staminodia as
many as outer perianth-segments and opposite to them. Ovary inferior,
fleshy; style short, thick, with a (hhited irregularly toothed or lobed
sti^TOa. Fruit somewhat Heshv or coriaceous, indehiscent, enclosed in

•il4 riii. LAURINEJE. [Hcrnuudiu.

tlie enlar^'ed flesliy or thickly uieinbranous involucel, Seed i^'lobular ;
testa tliick and hard, without alhunien. Embryo with thick iieshy
deeply-lobed cotyledons. — Trees. Leaves alternate, peltate orpalmately
nerved. Flowers in loose panicles on lateral peduncles at the ends of
the branches, each brancli of the panicle terminating- in an involucre of
4 or 5 verticillate bracts enclosing- 3 tiowers, the ccntral one female,
sessile within the cup-shaped involucel, the '2 lateral ones males and
pedicellate.

The genus contains but few species, chiefly maritirae, extendini^ over the tropical
regions of the New as well as the Old World. Of the two Australian species one has
a conbiderabie range in the Old World, the other appears to be endemic.

Leaves peltate. Involucel of the female flowers and fruits entire,

truncate. Male flowers 3-merous, feniales 4-nieroiis 1. Ji. pdtata.

Leaves not peltate. Iiivolucel of tlie female flowers and fruit deeply

2-vahx'd. Male flowers 4-merous, females 5 nierous 2. H. hivalvis.

1. H. peltata, Mcis.m. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 263. A larg-e tree, with
a spreading- head, glabrous or the intiorescence very slig-htly hoary-
tomentose. Leaves on long-petioles, broadly ovate, acuminate, peltately
attached near the base, 5- to 9-nerved and remotely penniveined, the
larg"er ones nearly 1 ft. long-, the upper ones much smaller. Panicles
shorter than the leaves, the flowers almost clustered on tlie branches,
one terminal female between two males within a whorl of 4 bracts, and
sometimes one or two males lower down with a small bract under each
pedicel. Male perianth slig-htly pubescent, the seg-ments 3 in each row,
almost petal-like, veined, about 2 lines long. Stamens 3, shorter than
the seg-ments with short filaments. Female ilowers with a cup-shaped
entire truncate involucel a little below the ovary and \h lines long- at
the time of Howering-, but soon enlarged and growing' over the ovary
or perianth-tube. Perianth-tube from the first completeb^ adnate to
the fieshy ovary, seg-ments 4 in each row, the outer ones ovate 2 lines
long-, theinner ones narrow. (jllands 4, large and nearly globular. Style
villous, thickened upwurds, with a dilated oblique irreg-ularly lobed
g-labrous stigma, the whole style deciduous with the perianth-hjbes.
Fruit completely enclosed in the involucel vvhich has become infiated
g'lobular, snnxjth and fieshy, above \\ in. dianieter, wilh a circular en-
tire orificc of about h in. diameter. Pruit about 1 in. diameter, more or
less distinctly marked with 8 broad raised longitudinal ribs, with a
raised terminal umbo. Seed very hard, about | in. diameter. Embryo
divided into 4 or 5 thick fleshy ruminate lobes. — Seem. Fl, Vit, 205,
t. 32.

Queensland. Fiankland islands, M'GiUivray; Dunk island, DaUachy.

The specics cxtends over the seacoasts of the South Pacific and Eastern Archipelago,
westward to the Mascarene islands and northward to the rhilippine islands and Loo
Choo.

2. H. bivalvis, Bcnth. Leaves on long- petioles, ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, rounded or slig-htly cordate at tlie base but not
peltate, 3- or rarely 5-nerved, 4 to 6 in. long-. Inflorescencc of H.

Hernaiidia.] cili. laurine^. •Jlo

peltata, the involucre of 4 or 5 bracts, the central female flowers sessile,
the two lateral male ones on short pedicels articuUite below the middle.
Involucel of 2 distinct broad concave bracts enclosing- the periantli-tube
or ovary. Perianth-segnients usually 8 in the males, 10 in the females,
about 8 lines long-, in '2 rows (one of the inner rows deficient in one
flower examined). Stamens 4, the filaments slender, with 2 g-hmds.
St3'le slender, g-hil)rous, with a broad crenate stig-ma. Involucel enclos-
ing- the fruit nearly 2 in. long-, very broad, cordate at the base, much
intiated, of an ahnost membranous texture when dry and reticulate, but
drying- black, divided nearly to the base into 2 valves. Fruit about
10-ribbed, with a very small terminal umljo. Seed as in H. peltata.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Fraser ; Wide Bay, Bidwill; Moretoa Bay, Herh.
F. Mueller.

Order CIV. PROTEACE^.

Flowers hermaphrodite or rarely partially unisexual. Perianth
reg'ular or irreg-ular, deciduous, consisting- of 4 seg-ments valvately
united in the bud, the claws forming* a tube cylindrical or dilated to-
wards the base, the laminoe short, forming- a g-lobular ovoid or rarely
elong-ated limb ; the seg-ments at length separating- either from the
base upwards or revolute from the laminoe downwards, leaving* a por-
tion of the tube entire or open on one side, the laminfe sometimes
cohering- long- after the seg-ments have separated lower down. Stamens
4, opposite tlie perianth-seg-ments and usually inserted on them, either
with the filaments wholly adnate leaving- the anthers sessile at the base
of the lamime, or the lilaments shortly free below the lamime, or very
rarely the stamens entirely free fi'om the perianth ; anthers various, all
perfect or rarely partially abortive, most frequently with 2 parallel cells
adnate to a connectivum continuous with the filament. Hypogynous
or perigynous g'lands or scales in many g-enera 4, alternating- with the
stamens, but in sonie g-enera variously united or reduced in number or
wholly deficient. Ovary 1-celled, sessile or stipitate, more or less
excentrical, with a single terminal undivided style, variously shaped at
the end, with a small terminal oblique or lateral stig'ma. Ovules either
solitary, or 2 collaterally attached or slig-htly superposed, or several
imbricate in 2 contig'uous rows, either pendulous and orthotropous, or
more frequently laterally attached and more or less amphitropous,
rarely erect and anatropous, the micropyle always inferior and frequently
prominent froin the incomplete development of the primine. Fruit
either an indehiscent nut or drupe, or a more or less dehiscent coriaceous
or woody follicle, very rarely a completely 2-valved capsule j either 1-
celled and 1-seeded, or when 2 seeds are ripened in a drupe sometimes
really 2-celled from tlie g-rowth of the endocarp between as well as
round the seeds, or when 2 or more seeds ripen in a follicle, apparently
2- or more-celled by the consolidation of the external coating- of the 2
adjoining- seeds into a membranous or woody plate detaching- itself from
the remainder of the seed. Seeds without albumen, the testa usually

'Alii riv. proteace.t:.

thin, rarely coriaceous or hard ; embryo straig"lit, with tleshy cotyledons
and a short inferior radicle. — Shrubs or trees, riirely undershrubs or
even perennial herbs. Leaves alternate or scattered, in a very few genera
strictly opposite or verticillate, but often crowded under the inflorescence
so as to appear verticillate, usually coriaceous, often vertical with stomata
on both sides, or in the sanie fienera horizontal or narrow and terete,
entire toothed or variously divided, without stipules. Flowers axillary
or terminal, solitarv or in racemes or spikes, often condensed into imibels
heads or cones, each flower or pair of flowers subtended by a bract, very
deciduous in some g-enera and perluips sometimes really deflcient, the
pedicels always without bracteoles.

Proteacese, with tlieir chief seat in Australia and South Africa, extend on the one
hand to New Calcdonia, ihe Iiidian Archipelago, and tropical Asia, chiefiy eastern,
to Japan, and on the other to South America. The seven tribes of the Order are all
in AustraHa. Of the tirst four, constituting the Nucamentacece, the two principal ones,
Proteeaj and Personiere, are also in South Africa, but represented by diffcrent genera,
the nine Australian ones being, as well as the four constituting tlie small tribes Cono-
spermese and FranklandieaR, all endemic with the exception of a single New Zealand
species of Persoonia, and a New Caledonian Cenarrhenes. None of the Nucamentacese
are either in America or Asia, for the South American Andrijietalam and GutVina,
referred by Meissner to Persooniese, helong v/ith Melicia and Macadamia to the Greviliese.
Of the Austrahan genera of this tribe of Grevilleese, Htlicia is chiefiy Asiatic, Adeno-
stephanus is tropical American, with one New Caledonian species, and the iarge genus
Grevillea has also a few New Caledonian species, the remaining eight genera are
endemic. Of the Australian Embothrieae, Lomatia extends to the Andes of South
America, where it is accompanied by two nearly allied genera, and Stenocarpus to Ncw
Caledonia; the two remaining genera, as well as the two which constitute the tiibe
Banl^siese, are endemic in Australia.

The clavate fusiform or disk-shaped end of the style in Proteacese is usually de-
scribed as the stigma, and where it is more or less constricted it is said to be articu-
late, but I have never found any real articulation, and although the thickened style-end
may be an essential aid in the collection or dissemiuation of the pollen, its surface is
not stigmatic, the real stigma being usually very small, either on the point terminating
the styie-end; or in the ccntre of the disk, or quite lateral. The di\ersified mode in
which in different gcnera the conformation of tliis style-end and its relation to the
anthers promotes the dissemination of pollcn whilst it impedes selt-fertilization, upon
which I have drawn up a few notes for the Linnean Society founded on tlie examina-
tion of dried specimens, would be an interestini:; study for local botanists who have the
nieans of examining and watcliing the plants living in tlieir native stations.

In the distribution of the numerous species of this most natural Order info tribes,
genera, and sections, I have ouly had to foilow, with slight motlifications, the admirable
arrangement proposed by Brown and further deveioped by Endlicher and MeissuL-r;
but in tlie gnat subdivision into Nucamcntaceae and Foilicidares, these tenns must not
be taken strictly in their literal sense, for indehiscent drupes occur in both divisions.
Taking liowever tlie friiit geuerallj-, in conjunction w'th tlie arrangement of the oviiles
aiid tlie intidre.scence, neither of tliem again strictly constant, we have very fairly defi-
nite characters for two large groups which are both natural and to a certain degree
geograj^hical. For althougii both are abuudant in Australia, the Nucameutace£e alone
are in Africa, and thc Folliculares alone in Asia and Amcrica.

SuBORDER 1. Nucamentacese. — Fruit an indehiscent nut or drupe. Flouers
usually solitary icithiii each bract.

Tribe 1. Proteese. — Anthers aUperfector veri/ rarely the ujyper one abortive, irith
2 parallel cells aduule to the connectivum, inserted at the. buse vf the short spreading
luminoe of the ptrianth. Ovule 1 or rarely 2. iStigina ttrminal. Fruit a dry nut.

CIV. PROTKACE.E, 31?

Flowers in dense cone-like spikes or heads with imbricate scale-
like bracts, with few or many outer erapty bracts forming an
involucre. Anthers free.
Cone-scales iirnily adlioring to the rhachis and opening for the

eraission of the more or less (lattenod nuts 1. Pktrophila.

Cone-scales either very decidnous or remaining closely imbri-
cate after flowering till they fail off with the nuts which are

not flattened 2. Isopooon.

Flowers solitary within an involucre of 4 to 8 bracts 3. Adenanthos.

Flowers in small heads with vcry sraall bracts. Anthers cohering
round the style and the adjoining cells of two difierent anthers
applied face to face in the bud ibrming a siugle cell .... 4. Stirlingia,

Tribe 2. Conospermese, — Anthers : one ivUh 2 perfect cells, two loith 1 perfect
and 1 ahortive cell, the pun-th ahorlive, the perfect cells hroad, concave, erect, ivithout
any connective, the adjoining ones of distinct anthers applied face to face in the bud
forming a single cell, all on very short thick filaments at the hase of the laminoe or
at the sumi7iit of the tube of the perianth. Ovule 1. Fruit a dry nut.
Upper anthers abortive, replaced by a short menibrane connecting

the filament with the disk-shaped stigma. Nut ovoid or oblong.

Leaves mostly divided 5. SyxAPHEA.

Lower anther abortive. Stigma raised above the stamens on the

beak-like end of the style. Nut turbinate, flat and comose on

the top. Leaves- entire 6. Conospermdm.

Tribe 3. Franklandiese, — Anthcrs all perfect with parallel adnate cells en-
closed in and adnate to the sletider perianth-tube. Ovule 1. Fruit a dry nut with a
jpappus-like cone.
Single genus 7. Franklandia,

Tribe 4. Persooniese. — Anthers all perfei t, irith jyarallel cells adnate to the con-
nective, the stamens inserfed at or helow the middle of the perianth-segments. Ovulea
2 or sometimcs 1. Fruit a drupe or rarely a dry uut or membraTWUs.
Leaves di^nded or lobed, Flowers in interrupted spikes or racemes,
Ovules 2. Fruit dry, indehiscent.

Fiiaments inserted on the perianth, converging and uiiited in a

ring round the style. Fruit a uut 8, Symphyonema.

Stamens free at the base of the perianth-segments. Fruit mem-

branous, flattened 9. Bellendena.

Leaves entire. Flowers in interrupted axillary spikes. Ovule

1. Fruit a 3-winged nut 10, Agastachys,

Leaves toothed. Fiowers in interrupted axillary spikes. Ovule 1.

Fruit a drupe 11. Cenarrhenes.

Leaves entire. Flowers axillary or rarely fnrming a terminal or

infra-terminal raceme by the abortion of the floral leaves.

Ovules 2 or 1. Fruit a drupe 12. Persoonia.

Suborder 2. PoUiculares, — Fruit dehiscent, foUicular or 2-vaIved, rarely (in the
Jlrst 2 genera), drupaceous and indehiscent. Iloicers usually in pairs, with a single
bract to each pair, rarely (in Carnarvonia, Lambertia and Stenocarpus), the inflo-
rescence anomalous.

Tribe 5. Grevilleeae. — Ovules 2 or 4, collateral. Seeds without any intervening
substances or separated hy a thin lamina or mealy substance. Flowers in racemes or
cluMers, with deciduous or abortive bracts, or with an involucre of imhricate bracts.
Ovules 2. Perianth regular or nearly so, smali (under 4 in. except
in one species), the anthers on short filaments attached below
the laminse Style cyhndrical or clavate at the end,
Flowers pedicellate, in pairs, in racemes. Fruit with a thick
woody indehiscent pericarp or putamen.
Leaves alternate. Ovules ascending 13. Helicia.

318 CIV. PROTEACE^.

Lcaves verticillate. Ovules desceiiding 14. Macadamh.

Flowpvs sessile, in pairs, in cylindrical spikes. Fruit thick

and woody, tardily deliiscent. Leaves opposite .... 15. XyLOMELUM.
I<'lowcrs solitary or clustered on irregularly branched pe-

duncles. Fruit a follicle. Leaves alternate, conipound . 16. Carnarvoxia.
Flowers sessile or nearly so, in pairs, in cylindrical or oblong

spikes. Fruit a foUicle. Leaves altcrnate 17. Orites.

Ovules 2. Perianth long and narrow. Anthers linear. Fiowers
solitary, or 7 together in an involucre of persistent imbricate

bracts. Leaves verticillate 18. Lambertia.

Ovules 2. Perianth revohite in Ihe bud or rarely str;iight and

regular. Anthers short and sessile within the concave

LaminaB. Leaves alternate.
Ovules orthotropous, pendulous. (Fruit a drupe?) . . , .19. Adenostephanus.
Ovules ampliitropous, laterally attached. Fruit a follicle.

Seeds without wings or the wings short at both ends or

annular. Inflorescence terminal, rarely also axillary . . 20. Grevillea.

Seeds winged, chiefly or entirely at the upper end. Inflo-

rescence axillary 21. Hakea.

Ovules 4, collateral. Perianth revolute in the bud or straight

and regular. Anthers short and sessile within the concave

himinse. Fruit a foUicle. Leaves alternate.
Perianth revohite in the bud. Ilypogynous gland unilateral

or semiannuhar. Follicle short and broad 22. Buckinghamia.

Perianth straight. Hypogynous glands 4. FoUicle oblong,

recurved 23. Darlingia.

Tribe 6. Embothriese. — Ovitles steveral, imbricate in 2 rows. Seeds usually sepa-
rated hy thin lamince or a mealy substance.

Flowers in short compact racemes, surrounded by an involucre

of imbricate coloured bracts .... 24. Telopea.

Flowers in loose racemes. Bracts small or deciduous.

Hypogynous glands 3. Ovules imbricate upwards. Seeds

winged at the upper end 2.5. Lomatia.

Hypogynous glands 4. Ovules imbricate downwards. Seeds

with narrow wings all round 26. Cardwellia.

Flowers in umbels without bracts 27. Stenocarpus.

Tribe 7. Banksiese. — Ovules 2, collateral. Seeds separated either hy a hard
usually woody suhstance or hy a memhrane rarely icanting. ttowers in dense cones or
heads.

Flowcrs in ovoid or cyhndrical cones, without any involucre . . 28. Banksia.
Flowers in heads surrounded by an involucre of imbricatc bracts

and floral leaves 29. Dryandra.

SuBORDER 1. NucAMENTACEJE. — Fruit an indeliiscent nut or drupe,
eitlier 1-seeded or if 2-seeded the seeds separated by a complete dissepi-
ment continuous with the endocarp. Flowers usually solitary within
each hract, in cones or spikes or solitary, very rarely racemose, the
spikes often shortened into heads.

Tribe 1. PROTEEiE. — Anthers all perfect, or very rarely the upper
one abortive, with 2 parallel cells adnate to tlie connectivum, inserted
at the hase of the sliort sjjreading- laminae of the perianth. Ovule 1 or
in a very few species a second one more or less developed. Stigma at
the point of the straig-lit style end. Fruit a dry nut.

Petrophila.] civ. pnoTEACE^. 319

1. PETROPHILA, R. Br.

Flowers hcrmaplirodite. Periantli regular, tlie tube slender, sepa-
rating- into 4 segments from tlie base or (in two sections) remaining-
united, tlie limb of 4 linear laminte. Anthers all perfect and free,
sessile at the base of the lamin;e, usually linear, the connective pro-
duced into a small appendag-e. Ko hji^^ogynous scales. Ovary sessile,
with a single or very rarely 2 collateral ovules, pendulous from near
the apex of the cavity, and orthotropous or slig-litly amphitropous. Style
filiform, either dihited and truncate towards the end under a slender
or continuous and fusiform brush, always g-labrous below the brush,
the brush usually shortly hispid or papillose, at least before the ex-
pansion of the Hower, with a g-labrous tip and terminal stig'ma. Fruit
a small dry and indehiscent nut, usually compressed, sometimes wing-ed,
with a coma of long- hairs on the margins or from the base only or also on
one very rarely on both faces. — Shrubs with rigid entire or divided
leaves, terete or if flat usually narrow. Flowers usually white or
yellow, in dense spikes or cones, each flower sessile within a bract or
scale ; the cones globular ovoid oblong- or rarely cylindrical, terminal or
rarely axillary, the receptacle or rhachis woolly and usually cylindrical,
the scales broad and hardened after flowering-, persistent, at least at the
base, and imbricate but not so closely so as in Isopogon, opening- for
the emission of the fruit, the thinner points of the scales often falling'
ofi" after flowering-. At the base of the cone are also several imbricate
empty bracts forming- an involucre sometimes larg-er than the scales
and concealing- them, usually smaller, persistent or deciduous. In
several species new leaves and shoots form in the axils of the innermost
of these erapty bracts, which ultimately fall away, leaving- the old cones
sessile in the forks of the branches without empty outer bracts. Nuts
usually shorter than the scales, the points rarely but the coma fre-
quently protruding-.

The genus is limited to extratropical Australia and is chiefly AVestern. Like the
closely allied Isopogon, it differs chiefly from the South African geiiera of the same
tribe in the absence of hypogyuous scales. The part of the style which is here terraed
the brush, is usually cousidered as an upper article of the stigma, but I have never
observed any real articulation separating it from the rest of the style, and it does not
appear to be ever stigmatic except at the point.

Sect. 1. Arthrosti^ma. — Leaves undivided. Cones terminal, usually large.
Style thickened and truncate heloiu the narrow villous or hirsute brush.

Leaves terete (slightly grooved in P. acicularis).

Scales of the cone not stiiate. Leaves usually ratlier thick.

Style-brush very densely and closely tomentose-villous, mucb
longer than broadiy turbinate style-end below it. Outer
bracts free and narrow 1. P. teretifolia.

Style-brush densely hirsute with spreading hairs, rather longer
than the narrow-turbinate style-end below it. Outer bracts
rigid, linear-lanceolate 2. P. longifolia.

Style-brush loosely hirsute with spreading hairs, much longer
than the broadly-turbinate styleend below it. Outer bracts
very numerous, liiiear subulate 3. P. media.

320 civ. rROTKACE.T;. [Pctrophila.

Scales of thc cone more or less ribbed or striate. Leaves

ionsr aiid slender. Style and bracts of P. media . . . 4. P. acicularis.
Leaves fiattcncd, rigidly linear. Style aud bracts of P. media 5. P. llnearis.

Sect. 2. Xerostole.— Z-raw/? flat, ternatdy divuled or rarely entire. Conex
axillary, ovoid. Periaiith-tube slender, usually falling of entire. Style thickened and
vsiially truncate under the narroio nearly glabrous brush.
Nuts with broad wing-like margins, sbortly comose at the base
only.

Leaves undivided or 3-fid, 2 to 4 in. long 6. P. heterophylla.

Leavpfi ali divided, the segments mostly lobed or again

divided.

Leaf-segments broadand sbort (rarely narrowlinearin the

lower leaves). Cone-scales villous. Perianth 8 to 10

lines long. Style-end long and narrow below the briish 7. P. biloba.

Lcaf-segments Hnear. Cone-scales villous. Perianth 4 to

5lineslong. Style-end shortlyturlinatebelowthe brush 8. P. propinqua.
Leaf-segments linear. Cone-scales glabrous. Perianth 4
to 5 Hnes long. Style-end only slightly thickened below

the brush 9. P. squamata.

Nuts comose on the faces as well as on the margins, taperiug
upwards (uncertain in P. colorata). Style-end shortly
turbinate below the brusb.
Outer cone-scales larger than the emptybracts, coloured and

glabrous 10. P. colorata.

Outer cone-scales siuall and villuus, coucealed uuder the

large coloured and glabrous cmpty bracts 11. P. striata.

Sect. 3. Serrurioides. — Liaves divided, the seyments tereteorflat. Cones axil-
lary, ovoid. Perianth-iube slender, usuaVy falliny off entire. Style continuous, fusi-
form.
L''ai'-segmcnts terete, rigid, pungent, divaricate, the wbole

leaf usually 2 to 3 in. broad 12. P. divaricata.

Leaf-segments terete but grooved above, the whole leaf not
excpcding 1 in.

Leaf segmeiits erect or divaricate, fine but ofteii pungent . 13. P. Serrurice.

Leaf segments very close, compact and erect, not pungent . 14. P. inconspicua.
Leaf-segments flat, few, rather broad, the whole leaf usualiy

2 to 4 in. long 15. P. trifida.

Sect. 4. Symphyolepis. — Leares flat, lobed or divided. Cones axillary or rarely
also terminal. Perianth-scgments usually falling ofl' separately. Style continuous,
fmiform.
Leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid. Perianth-limb

glabrous 16. P. carduacea.

Leaves petiolate, divided. Perianth glabrous. Cones often
long.

Nut broad, obtuse, the inner face glabrous 17. P Shvttleivorthiana.

Nut tapering at the end, comose on both faces 18. P. macrostachya.

Leaves variously divided. Perianth villous 19. P. diversifolia.

Sect. 5. Petropliyle. — Leaves divided or rarely simple, the segments terete (orflat
hut narroiv in the first two sppcies). Cones terminal {or in the Eastern species also
axiUary). Perianthseginents falling off siparately . Style continuous, fusiform.

Leaves flat, dividcd. Cones ovoid or oblong. (See above, 17.

P. Shuttleworthiana and 18. P. macrostachya.)
Leaves flat, with 3 or 5 segmcnts, or the lower ones entire.
Cones broadiy globular.

Petrophila.] civ, pnoTKACE^. 321

Leaves glabrous ; segments long and divaricate. Perianth

glabmus. iSut witli coniose niargins 20. P. hlternata.

Leaves plumosc-liirsute ; segments small, on a long petiole.

Periai.th vi.lous. Nut coniose at the base ouly . . . .21. P. phnnosa.
Leaves or leat-segmcnts tercte.
Leaves crowded, \ to | in. long.

Leaves uiidivided. Perianth glabrous. Nuts with coniose

margins 22. P. ertcifolia.

Leavcs pinnate. Perianth villous. Nuts comose at tbe

base only 23. P. chry<antha.

Leaves more than I4 in. long

Eastern species. Cones usuaily 2 or 3 at the end of the
branches, otten axiliary when old. Lcaves not pungent.

Cones pedunculate. Perianth glabrous 24. P. pcdunculala.

Cones sessile. Perianth silliy-villous.

Foliage glabrous. Cones oblong 25. P. pu^cheUa.

Young shoots silky or hoary. Cones ovoid .... 26. P- sessilis.
Westein or Sonthern species. Cones sojtary, terminal or
in the forlcs.
Perianth giabrous. Cones ovoid or t;lobnlar.

Leafsegments nnmerous, fiistigiate, not pungent . . 27. P. faitic/iata.
Leal-segnieiits divaricate, pungeut-pointed, the lower

leaves somctiujes enlire 28. P. seminuda.

Perianth villous. Leaf-segments divaricate and pungent-
pointed.
Outer bracts large and imbricate, concealiiig the cone-

scales. Cone nearly flat-topped, l^ in. diameter . 29. P. circinata.
Cones large, ovoid globular, glutinous.

Peiianth viscid. Fiuiting cones g!obiilar . . . . 30. P. Drummondii.
Perianth not viscid. Fruiting co;ies ovoiii or oblong 31. P. crispata.
Cones ovoid, obloug or cylindricai, not viscid.

Cones ovoid, chiefiy terminal. Branchos glabrous . 32. P. rigida.
Cones ovoid-obloug or cyiindricai, chiefly in the
forks.
Leaf-segments numerous and short. Branches

glabrous 33. P. wultiaecta.

Leaf-segments few and iong. Branches tomentose 34. P. couiftra.

Sect. 6. Hebegjme. — Liar^es te.rete, simple or 2- or 3-lohed at the end. Cones
terminal or in the forl.s. Peiianth-S' gmenfs falling off Siparatdy. Style puhcscent,
thickemd l.oirards the end, hut acarcdy fusifurm.

Single species 35. P. semifurcata.

P. Roei, Endl. Gen. Suppl. iv. 75, has never been described, and is most probably
the same as one of the species here enumerated.

Sect. 1. Arthrostigma, Endl. — Leaves undivided. Cones termi-
nal, usually larg-e. Style tliickened and truncate below the narrow
villous or hirsute brush. Perianth-segments usually separating* from
the base.

1. P. teretifolia, R. Br. in Tran.s. Linn. Soc. x. 68, Prod. 364. A
shrub, either erect and tall or sometimes difFuse, glabrous except the
cones. Leaves terete, not g-rooved, somewhat thickened upwards or
the lower ones slender, 1=^ to 2 in. long- in some specimens, 4 to 8 in.
long in others. Cones terminal, sessile or very shortly pedunculate
above the last leaves, nearly giobular or at length almost ovoid, ^ to f

VOL. V. Y

322 Civ. PROTEACE^. [Petrophila.

in. diameter without the perianths. Outer bracts not numorous, not
exceedin"- the scales, a few of the outermost lanceohite-subuhite and
rio-id, the others broader and passing- into the cone-scales, which are
broad, scarcely acuminate, ghibrous except at tlie base or shortly cihate,

2 hnes diameter when in llower, 8 to 4 lines when in fruit. Perianth
about 8 hnes long-, viHous with hairs at first silky at length spreading-,
the segments usually falling- off scparately. Style-end g-hibrous, broadly
turbinate and truncate below the narrow-cyhndrical, very densely and
closely tomentose-villous brush, the g-labrous tip short. Nut broad and
much flattened, the long- marg-inal coma protruding- beyond the cone-
scales, the inner face hairv, the outer one g-labrous. — Meissn. in Ph
Preiss. i. 492 and in DC. Prod. xiv. 208 ; P. cmssifoUa, R. Br. Prot.
Nov. 5; Meissn. IL cc.

W. Australia. liiKky Bay, R. Broion, Baxter ; towards Cape Riche, Preiss, n.
630, Druiinnond, 4th coll. n. 259 and 260 ; Stirlirig and Kussell Eanges, Cape Arid and
Israelitc Bay, Maxiccll.

The diSfrences observed in Baxter's specimens, on which P. crassifolia was founded,
appear to me to be owing to the specimens being iu a more advauced iruiting state.

2. P. longifolia, R. Br. Prot. Isov. o. A shrub with the leaves
terete and undivided as in P. teretrfolia, but usually 6 to 10 in. long-.
Cones term.inal and sessile within the hist long* leaves, broadly ovoid-
conical, | to 1 in. diameter without the perianths. Outer bracts rig-id,
linear-hmceolate, 4 to 5 lines long-. Cone-scales broad, not striate,
g-labrous except at the base, more or less acuminate and not ciliate.
Perianth rather slender, 8 or 9 lines long-, hirsute, the seg-ments falhng'
off separately. Style-end below the brush g-htbrous, oblong-turbinate,
nearly as long- as the brush which is densely hirsute but with hairs
more distinct and spreading* than in P. teretifoUa. JNut as broad as
long-, with comose marg-ins, the outer face g-labrous, the inner one
convex and covered with long' hairs. — Meissn. in PL Preiss. i. 493 and
in DC. Prod. xiv. 269.

^^. Australia. Dry stony and gravelly places, King George's Sound and adjoining
districts, Barter, Drummond, 2nd coll. n. 241, Preiss, n. 623, 625, P. Mueller, and
others ; eastward to the AJonnt Barren ranges, Maxtvell.

Var. tenuifolia. Leaves longer and m Te slender, the cones and flowers smaller, the
cone-scales broader and less acuminate. — Kalgan river, Oldjield.

3. P. media, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 5. A shrub witli the habit of P.
teretifolia. Leaves similarly terete and rather thick, varying- very much
in length even on different branches of the same specimen, mostly 2 to

3 in. long- but in sorae specimens all under 2 in., in others 4 to 10 in.
long-, obtuse or when long- with recurved points. Cones terminal, sessile,
ovoid, 6 to 7 hnes diameter without the perianths when full-g-rown.
Outer bracts Hnear-subulate, much more ntimerous and long-er than in
P. teretifoUa, and often whitish in the dried state. Cone-scales ovate-
lanceolate, not at all or very obscurely ribbed, with acuminate often
reflexed or at leng-tli deciduous summits, not ciliate. Perianth 7 or 8
Hnes long-, villous, the seg-ments falling- off separately. Style-end below

Petraphila.] civ. proteace^. 323

the brusli g-labrous, broadly turbinate, mucli shorter than the narrow
brush which is hirsute, with the hairs sliort and spreading- as in P.
lonrjifoUa, but not nearly so clense, and the g-labrous tip lon^er. —
Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i.'492, ii. 245 and in DC. Prod. xiv. 268; P.
brevifolia, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 35 ; Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 491 and
in DC. Prod. xiv. 268.

W. Australia. King George^s Soiind, Moiint Gardner, Baxter ; N. of Stirling
Eange, F. MuMtr, and iVoiii tlienc' to Swan river, Druininoiul, n. 14, 39, 2nd coll. n.
293, 3r(l coll. n. 240 {or 241 ?) ; Preus, n. 628, 629 ; Champion Bay and Port Gregory,
Oldfield. In all tlie above specimens the leaves are mostly under 4 in. long and some-
times under 2 in.

Yav. juncifolia. Leaves rather more slender, 6 to 10 in. long and often with a hooked
or recurved point. — P.juncifoiia, h\nd\. Swan Riv. App. 35; Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i.
493 ; and in DC. Prod. xiv. 269. — Swan river, Drumnund, \st coll. n. 553 ; Preiss, n.
621, 622, 624.

The species is readily distinguished from the two preceding ones by the outer bracts.
Tlie style-CTid below the brush is short as in P. teretifulia, but the brush itself is
thinly hirsute, not densely and closely villous or tow-like [stiqjosus) as in that
species.

4. P. acicularis, i?. J3r. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 69, Prod. 364. A
low erect nearh' simple or tufted shrub of about 2 ft., giabrous except
the cones. Leaves undivided, usually slender, terete ancl more or less
distinctly g-rooved on the upper side, obtuse or with a short straight or
curved point, 2 to 6 in. long-. Cones terminal and sessile, nearly g-lo-
bular, about f in. diameter, the outer bracts rig-idly linear, sHghtly
broad at the base, often numerous. Cone-scales from broadly ovate to
ovate-lanceohite, more or less acuminate, the summits sometimes de-
ciduous, the hardened portion striate with several nerves especially
prominent after flowering-. Perianth of P. media. Style-end shortly
turbinate below the brush, scarcely half as long* as the narrow brush
which is not very densely hirsute with short spreading- hairs. Nut
broad and flat, the margins comose with long- hairs, the outer face
giabrous, the inner villous. — Meissn. in Pl. Pr. i. 494 and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 268; Bot. Mag-. t. 3469; P.,Jilifolia, R. Br. 11. cc, Meissn. ll.cc.

MT. Australia. King George"s Sound, common, R. Brown, A. Cunninqliam,
Baxter, Dramuiond.n. 181 (or 184?), Zrd coll. n. 242, Preiss, n. 626, Oldfield, F.
Muelltr.

This species has the bracts and the style nearly of P. media, but (he longitudinal
ribs of the cone-scales are always more prominent aud the leaves more slender.

6. P. linearis, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 6. An erect shrub of about 2 ft.,
g^labrous except the cones or hoary-glaucous. Leaves linear, flat but
thick, 1 to 2 or rarely 3 lines broad above the middle, contracted into a
terete base or petiole, mostly incurved towards the end or falcate, obtuse
or with a straigiit or curved point, l^ to 4 in. long. Cones giobular or
ovoid, sessile at the ends of the branches, ^ to | in. diameter without
the perianths. Outer bracts as in P. media, linear-subulate and often
numerous. Cone-scales broad, not ciliate, smooth or wlien old slightly
striate. Perianth dt least 1 in. long-, very densely villous with silky-
white or ferruginous hairs, the segments falling off" separately. Style-

y 2

324 Civ. PROTEACE^. [PetropMla.

end narrow-turbinate below the brusli, ratlier shorter than the brush,
vvhich is not very densely hirsute with sliort spreading- hairs. Nut
broad and flat, the niargins comose with long- hairs, the outer face
g-hibrous, the inner villous. — Meissn. in Pl. Prciss. i. 494 and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 207.

W. Australia. Swan river, Fraser, Drummond, \st coll. n. 558, Frtiss, n. 636;
Vasse an<l Swan rivers, Oldjield.

Var. ance])s. Leaves straighter with thinner margins ; flowers rather smaller. — P.
anceps, K. lir. Prot. Nov. 5:"l\Ieissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 2G7. — W. Australia, Drum-
viond, Ath coU. v. 261, bth coll. n. 394; King George's Souud, Baxter ; foot of Stirliug
Kange, F. Mueller.

Sect. 2. Xerostole. — Leaves flat, ternatoly divided or rarely entire.
Cones axillary, ovoid. Perianth-tube slender, usuallv falling- otf entire
or shortly s])litting- into four at the base. Style thickencd and usually
truncate at the end uncler the narrow nearly glabrous brush.

The inflorescence and pfrianth are nearly those of the section Serrurioides, but the
stj^le is that of Arthrostigma, except tliat the brush is only very niinutely j>a[>illose-
pubesctnt or quite glabrous, although it appears to coUect the poUen as in other
Bections.

6. P. heterophylla, Lindl. Swan Biv. App. 35. A rig-id shrub,
glabrous except the cones. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, more or
less flattened, entire and acute or dilated towards the end and then often
truncate or notched with a sniall point in the notch, or deeply divided
into 2 or 3 lobes, the whole leaf 2 to 4 in. long', rig-id and veined, much
narrowed to the base. Cones all axilkiry, sessile, ovoid-oblong-, :| to ^
in. long- without the perianths, the ohl ones often | in. long". Uuter
bracts numerous and imbricate, the outermost small, the inner ones
passing" into the cone-scales of which the outer ones are broadly ovate
and ciliate only, the iuner ones smaller and more villous. Perianth
slender, 9 to 10 lines long-, hairy, the tube falling" off" entire. Ovary
g-labrous except the hairs at the base. Style-end clavate truncate and
4-angled below the narrow glabrous brush. Nut flat, dilated into
wing--like margins, often notched at the toji, glabrous except a coma of
short hairs at the base. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 501, ii. 246, and in
DC. Prod. xiv. 274.

"W. Australia. Swan river to King George"s Souud, Druvimond, Ist. coll. «.571,
Zrd coll. n. 244 ; Stirliug Range, F. Mueller.

7. P. biloba, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 7. A shrub, with the branches not
very stout, the young- shoots tomentose-pubescent and villous with
spreading- hairs, the older foliag-e and branches g-labrous. Leaves, of
the flowering- branches at least, usually small, very rigid and flat, petio-
late, 3-lobed or pinnately 4-lobed, the rhachis terminating- in a point or
small lobe, the lower lobes sometimes ag-ain lobod and the lobes all very
obliquely ovate rhomboid or oblong-, pung-ent pointed, under ^ in. long-,
but the lowor leaves in some specimens and noarh' all in others crowded
and more divided into very narrow linoar lobes. Cones small, ovoid,
sessile in the axils, often numerous and crowdcd along- the branches,

Pctruphilu.] CIV. PHOTEAOE^. 325

scarcely above \ in. lono- when in fruit. Outer bracts small and not
numerous. Cone-scales silkv-villous, with small g-labrous tips. Perianth
very villous with spreading- liairs, rather slender, 8 to 10 lines long-, the
tnbe usually falling- otF Avhole. Style-end behjw tlie brusli long- and
narrow, rather clavate than turbinate, the brush sliorter, fiHform, mi-
nutely papillose or g-hibrous. Nut ilat with wing--like marg-ins, obovate-
orbicuhir, g-hibrous except a short coma at the base. — Meissn. in Pl.
Preiss. i. 500, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 2?3.

W. Australia. Swan river, Fraser, Drummond, \st coll. n. 566, Preiss, n. 656;
Moimt Toodvay, Oldfield.

8. P. propinqua, P. Br. Prot. Nov. 7. A shrub of 3 or -4 ft., gla-
brous except the cones, or the young- shoots minutely hoary, the branches
rather skMider. Leaves with long- petioles, twice trifid or pinnate with
the lower pinnee ag-ain divided, the seg-ments fiat, linear or linear-
lanceohite, mostly pung-ent-pointed, about ^ in. long- or rather long-er
when narrow. Cones small, ovoid or at leng-th g-lobular, sessile in the
axils, uot J in. long- without the perianths. Outer bracts nearly glabrous,
small, acute, rigid. Cone-scales villous or with very small g-hibrous
tips. Perianth 4 to 5 lines long-, very villous w4th spreading- hairs, the
tube falling- off entire. Style-end broadly turbinate 4-ang-led andtrun-
cate under the narrow terete ahiiost giabrous brush. Nut flat with
broad wing--Hke margins, broadly obovate, 2 Hnes long-, giabrous except
a few hairs forming- a short coma at the base. — Meissn. in PL Preiss. i.
501, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 2?3.

Vl^. Australia. Svvan river, Fraser, Drummnnd, \st coll n. 567.

Var. sericiflora. A stouter shrub. Leaves more divided, rigid, pinigint-pointed, the
segments 4 to 1 in. long. Perianth rather smaller and more siiky-villous. — East Shoal
Cape and Cape Arid, JlaxweU.

9. P. squamata, i?. Br. i?i Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 70, Prod. 365. A
shrub of 2 or 3 ft., giabrous except the cones, or the young* branches
sHgiitly tomentose. Leaves on rather long- petioles, once or twice ter-
nately divided, with flat Hnear rigid pung-ent-pointed segments, some-
times very short and rather broad, sometimes very narrow and \ to ^
in. long-. Cones small, ovoid, sessile in the axils, almost giobular when
in fruit, not above |- in. long-. Outer bracts small. Cone-scales acute,
rigid but smooth and sometimes ahiiost scarious, giabrous or sHg-htly
ciHate, pubescent at the base only. Perianth slender, silky-viUous with
short hairs, under h in. long-, the tube fuHing- oti' eutire. Style-end
somewhat thickened and giabrous under the rather long* fiHform nearly
giabrous brush. Kut flat, broad, with wing--Hke margins, sHg-htly
pubescent, with a very short coma at the base. — Meissn. in DC. Prod.
xiv. 272 ; P. Ciinninqha>nii, 'Meitmn. in PL Preiss. i. 499, ii. 245; P.
gracilis, A. Cunn. Herb.

y^. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, Menzies, Fraser,
Prci-iS, n. 651, 652, F. Jlueller ; Vasse and Gordou rivers, Oldfltld; Clay flats, Willy-
ungup, Ma.ncell.

Meissiier's varieties major and gracilis appear to me to be old and young plants or
branches of tbe eame plant rather than distinct varieties.

326 CIV. PROTEACE.E. [PetruphHu.

10. P. colorata, Meissn. in Pl. Fniss. ii. 246, und in DC. Prod. xiv.
273. A glabrous shrub with the habit and foliag-e of P. sqnamata.
Cones also as in that species ovoid and sessile in the axils ; outer bracts
ovate-hinceolate, acuminate, pale-coloured, nnich smaller than the scales;
cone-scales niuch long-er than in P. sqiiamata, coloured and g-hibrous or
ciliate towards the base, the outer ones ovate, the inner lanceolate, the
larg-er ones fully 3 Hnes long-. Perianth slender, silky-villous, the tube
falling- off entire. Style-end rather broadly turbinate angadar and trun-
cate under the filiform brush as in P. projjinqna. ISut not seen ripe,
when Young- it appears to be comose on the margins and inner face.

V^. Australia, Lrummond, 2nd cjU. 7i. 296.

11. P. striata, E. Br. Prot. Nov. 6. A rig-id shrub of 1 to 2 ft., the
young- shouts pubescent and sprinkled with long- fine hairs, otherwise
gdabrous except the cones. Leaves petiolate, once or twice pinnate,
the segments Hnear or cuneate, narrow or broad, entire or lobed, divari-
cate rigid and pung-ent-pointed, the whole leaf with the petiole l^ to
2^ in. long-, and nearly as broad. Cones sessile in the upper axils, ovoid
and undcr ^ in. long- without the perianths, more g-lobukr and ^ in.
diameter wlien in fruit. Outer l)racts numerous, imbricate, g-labrous,
almost membranous, g-radually enhirged, the inner oues 3 or 4 Hnes long*
conceaHng- the scales. Cone-scales viHous, the outer ones shortly ovate,
the inner long-er and hmceolate, Perianth | in. long-, silky-viHous, the
tube long- and slender, faUing- off entire, the lobes tipped with horn-Hke
g-labrous appendag-es nearly 1 Hne long-. Style-end turbinate chivate
angled and truncate under the slender nearly g-labrous brush. Nuts
lanceolate, tapering- into a long- beak, comose aU over near the base,
often 4 or 5 Hnes long- inchiding- the beak. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 602,
ii. 246, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 275.

W. Australia. Swau liver, Fraser, Drummond, Ist coll. n. b&b, Preiss, a. 639,
6-10, Clurlce.

Sect. 3. Serrurioides. — Leaves divided, the segments terete or
flat. Cones axiUary, ovoid. Perianth-tube slender, usuaHy faHing' off
entire. Style-end continuous, fusiform, usuaHy sliortly hirsute at the
ang-les with reflexed hairs.

The plants of tliis section show tbe nearest approauh to Isopogon, the perianth aud
style aro nearly the same as in some species of that genus, but the cone-scales and nuts
are those oi' PLtrophita.

12. P. divaricata, P. Br. Prot. Nov. 7. A slirub attaining- 3 to 6
ft., the branches and young- leaves often bearing- long- iine spreading"
hairs, otherwise g-labrous except the cones. Leaves twice pinnate, the
pinnte and seg-ments very divaricate, terete, pung-ent-pointed, rigid, but
not thick. Cones sessile in the upper axils or within the hist leaves,
ovoid or oblong-, usuaU}' about f in. long-and -|- in. diameter without the
perianths. Outer bracts deciduous, ratlier broad, acutely acuminate,
g-labrous outside, silky inside, the young- slioots often protruding- from
within thcin whilst the conc is stiH in flowcr. Cone-scales broad, viHous

Petrophila.] CIV. proteace^. '6'27

witli ratlier loiig- acute silky-hairy points. Perianth rather slender, ^
to I in. long-, conspicuously silky-villous with short yellow hairs, the
tube usually falling- otf' entire. Style-end continuous, fusifbrm with re-
Hexed hairs on eij;-lit pronainent longitudinal lines. Fruiting- cones with
the scales closely imbricate, becoming- more giabrous, bur retaining- short
points. TSuts with wing--like margins, truncate on the top, ciliate with
short hairs especially at tlie base, otherwise g-labrous. — Meissn. in Pl.
Preiss. i. 498, and in DC. Prod, xiv. 272 ; P. intricata, Lindl. Swan.
Rir. App. 35.

W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. n. 568 ; King George'8 Sound
and adjoiaing districts, Baxter, Preiss, n. 646, Oldfield, Maxwell, F. Mueller.

13. P. Serrurise, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 6. An erect shrub of 3 or 4
ft., not much branched, the young* branches and leaves silky-pubescent
or sprinkled with long- fine spreading" hairs, the older foliage more g'la-
brous. Leaves small, crowded, twice or tlirice pinnate with the lower
seg-ments close to the base, tlie segments numerous, slender, terete,
gTooved above, erect or divaricate, softly acute or pung-ent-pointed, the
whole leaf rarely above 1 in. long- and broad. Cones ovoid or at leng-th
g"IobuIar, sessile or shortly pedunculate in the upper axils, often crowded
in terminal clusters, scarcely above \ in. diameter when in fruit. Outer
bracts few and small, g-Iabrous outside. Cone-scales villous at tlie base,
with g-Iabrous deciduous tips. Perianth slender, silky or ferrug-inous-
villous, about 5 or G lines long-, the tube usually falling- olf entire, the
lamince short, tipped with small g-Iabrous points or stipitate g-Iands
sometimes ver}'- prominent, sometimes concealed witliin the hairs.
Style-end continuous, fusiform, more or less hirsute with reflexed hairs
in long-itudinal lines. Nut rather narrow, tapering- into the style, gia-
brous on tlie back, the inner face and sides comose with long- hairs
chietiy from the base. — Meissn. in PI. Preiss. i. 497 and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 271 ; P. glaiiduUijera, Lindl. Swan. Riv. App. 35 ; Meissn. in Pl.
Preiss. i. 498, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 271 ; P. axillaris, Meissn. in Hook.
Kew Journ. vii. QQ, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 275.

V7. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, Baxter, Fraser,
F. MuelliT, Oldjield, Maxwell; and thence to Vasse and Swan rivers, Oldfield, Drum-
mond, ixt coll. n. 569, Preiss, n. 641 ; between Moore and Murchison rivers, Drum-
mond, 6th coJl. n. 166.

Sorue of the northern specimens (P. glanduligera) have the leaves more silky hairy
and less pungent, but otheis are quite lilie the soutliern ones.

14. P. inconspicua, Meissn. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 68, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 272. A shrub with the aspect almost of an Adenanthos or of
Isopofjon adenanthoides, the young- shoots tomentose-pubescent and
sprinkled with long- fine spreading- hairs. Leaves short, crowded, pin-
nate with compact narrow terete seg-ments, g-rooved on the upper side,
minutely pointed but not pung-ent, the wliole leaf about \ in. long'.
Cones in our specimens crowded in leafv tufts at the ends of the branches,
but all in an advanced state, the outer bracts apparently fallen off. Cone-
scales linear or lanceolate, thiu and flat, villous outside. Perianth very

328 civ. PROTEACE^. [Petrophila.

slender, hirsute, nearly 1 in. long-, tlie tube falling- ofFentire exceptthe
lower g-hibrous portion which is more persistent as in Isopogon. Style-
end continuous, fusiform, slig-htly thickcned at the base, and hir-
sute with a few refiexed hairs disappearing- after the tiowering- is
over. Nut, according- to Meissner, nearly Hat, oval, with a short ob-
tuse terminal wing-, g'labrous with ciliolate margins. I have only found
young- fruits which a])peared to me to be comose all over, as in Isopogon.

MV. Australia. Between Moore and Miirchison rivers, Drumniond, &th coll. n.
172. This species has so mnch of the character of Isopogon, that 1 should at once
have transfeired it to that genus were it not tor the uncei tainty which prevails abimt
the shape and indumentnm of tlie nut, besides Ihat the style is niuch more that of the
section Serrurio des of Petrophila than of Isopogon adenantlioides, which is the nearest
to the preseiit specics in I.sojjcgon.

15. P. trifida, P. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 70, Prod. 365. A rio-id
shrub, the young- shoots bearing- a few fine spreading- hairs, otherwise

fhibrous except the cones. Leaves on long- flattened petioles, cuneately
-fid or deeply pinnatifid; with few usually broad rig-id pung-ent-pointed
seg'ments, the lower ones sometimes 1 in. long' when narrow, the whole
leaf with the petiole 2 to 4 in. long\ Cones small, ovoid or nearly
globular, sessile in the axils or terminating" very short axiHary branches,
not h in. long" without the perianths, or, when in fruit, | to f in. long-.
Outer bracts glabrous small and narrow. Cone-scales broad, g-labrous
in the lower part, densely villous round the obtuse end. Perianth silky-
villous, about h in. long-, the tube slender, usually falling" off entire.
Style-end continuous, fusiform, hirsute with a few reflexed hairs in
longitudinal rows. TSut flat, ovate, 2 to 3 lines long-, with broadwing--
like marg-ins, giabrous except a short coma at the base. — Meissn. in Pl.
Preiss. i. 501, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 273, but not the plate quoted of
Lodd. Bot. Cab.

^V. Australia. Lucky 'Qa.y, R. Broivn ; towards Cape Eiche? Driimmond, \st
coll. n. 57 G.

Sect. 4. Symphyolepis, Endl. — Leaves flat, lobed or divided, the
seg-ments broad or also narrow. Cones axillary or rarely also terminal.
Periantli-seg-ments usually falling- ofl' separately. Style-end continuous,
fusiform.

This section lias Ihe es«ential characters of Pctrophile. diifering gonornlly but not
absohitely in foiiage and intiorescence and in the axis of the cones anJ the base of tiie
cone-scales usually more hardened -when in fruit.

16. P. carduacea, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 274. Ashrub with tlie
young- branclios tomentose-pubescent or villous with spreading- hairs,
the ailult foliag-e giabrous. Leaves sessile, oblong--lanccolate, pinna-
tifid or deejdy toothed and undulate, the lobes or teeth broadly trian-
g-ular, pung-ent-pointed, the lowest pair of lobes rather smaller, more
deeply separated and occasionally toothed, having- the appearance of
stipules. Cones axillary, peduneulate, at flrst small andgiobular, ovoid
or o\N3id-obloiig- whon in fruit, above 1 in. long- and | in. diameter.
Bracts small along- the peduncles and a few close under the coue, all as

Pftrophila.] civ. proteack.t;. •^^9

well as the cone-scales ylabrous. Periantli scarcely above 4 lines long-,
the tube silky-villous and readily separating- into seg-ments, the limb
broader and glabrous. Ovary hairy. Style-end continuous, fusiform,
with a few retlexed hairs. JScales of the fruiting- cone very broad, Nut
very tiat, with wing--like margins, 3 lines long- and broad, pubescent
with short hairs, with a short coma at the base.

W. Australia. Bnuninond, Atli coll. n. 262 ; Stirling Range, F. Mueller.

17. P. Shuttleworthiana, Mcissn. in Pl. Prciss. ii. 246, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 275. A rigid shrub, g-labrous except the cones. Leaves ou
long- petioles, flattened upwards, cuneate and deeply 3-fid, the seg-ments
broad or narrow, often above 1 in. long", entire or 2-3-fld, the lobes uU
very rigid and pung^ent-pointed. Cones sessile or shortly pedunculate,
terminal or in the upper axils, oblong- or cylindrical, | to 1 in. long-, \
in. diameter without tlie perianths, or when in fruit and perfect twice
as long- and thick, but often partially abortive and remaining- short.
Outer bracts very deciduous. Cone-scales at lirst small, densely viDous
outside, g-labrous inside with small lanceolate g-labrous deciduous tips,
very broad and g-labrous in the okl cones. Perianth ghibrous, 4 or 5
lines long-, the seg-ments falling' otf separately. Style-end continuous,
fusiform, shortly and sparingly hirsute. Nut broad, not winged but
the marg-ins acute, the marg-ins and outer face comose, the inner g-labrous.

\^r. Australia. Drummond, 2nd coll. n. 298; Murcliison river, Oldficld.

18. P. macrostachya, P. Br. Prot. Nov. 7. A shrub of 2 or 3 ft.,
the young- branches tomentose or villous, the adult foliag-e g-hibrous.
Leaves on rather long- petioles, once twice or three times deeply trifid,
the lobes or seg"ments broad or narrow, veined, rig-id, pung-ent-pointed,
the whole leaf 1| to 3 in. long-. Cones sessile in the axils and some-
times also terminal, cylindrical, about 1 in. long- when in tiower, 1| to
2 in. long', and nearly | in. diameter when in fruit. Outer bracts not
numerous, glabrous, shorter than the scales. Cone-scales villous at the
base, with g-labrous acuminate deciduous ends. Perianth g-labrous,
about I in. long-, the segments falling- olf separately, each tipped witli
a small point. Style-end continuous, fusiform, shortly and s])aring-ly
hirsute. Nut broad or narrow, not wing'ed, acuminate, hairy all over
but the marg-inal coma long'er than the hairs of the faces. — Meissn. in
Pl. Preiss. i. 502, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 2?5.

V^. Australia. Swan river, Fraser, Drunimond, Ist coll. n. 575; Preiss, n. 638;
W. coast, £audin's E.ipedition.

19. P. diversifolia, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 70, Prod. 365. A
shrub attaining- 6 or 8 ft., the young- branches often pubescent or vil-
lous, the adult foliag"e g-labrous and sometimes shining- and veined like
the fronds of some ferns. Leaves petiolate, pinnate, the pinnie some-
times few brondly cuneate toothed or pinnatifid, g^iving- the whole leaf a
broadlv triangular form of 1 to 2 in., sometimes numerous and lanceo-
late, the lower ones pinnatifid the upper ones g-radually smaller and
more entire, the whole leaf ovate-lanceolate in form and 2 or 3 in. long',

380 CIV. IMIOTKACE.E. [Petrophila.

the seg-ments and teeth mucronate-acute and sometimes pung-ent-
pointed, but loss so than in P. xtriata and P. mucrustachya. Cones
axillary, pednncvdate, ovoid, J in. long- when in tlower, 1 in. when in
fruit. " Outer bracts g-labrous. Cone-scales villous, with small g-hibrous
often deciduous tips, and the whole scale becoming- nearly g-hibrous
wlien in fruit. Perianth densely villous, about h in. long-, the seg-ments
falHng- oti" se])arately, ti])ped witli prominent slender g-labrous points.
Style-end continudus, fusiform, nearly g^abrous. J\ut llat, broader
than long-, expanded at the top into 3 wing--like lobes, the lateral ones
diverg-ing-, the central one bearing- the style, giabrous except a short
coma at the base. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 499, ii. 246, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 274.

W. Australia. Kiiig George'8 Sound and adjoiuing distiicts, R. Brown, A. Cun-
niiigham, Preiss, n. 637, F. Mueller, and others; Vasse river, Oldjield; Darling Range,
Drumniond, 2nd coll. n. 297, {Zrd coll. ?) n. 267.

Sect. 5, Petrophile, Endl. — Leaves divided or rarely simple, the
seg-ments terete or, in P. biternata and P. plumosa, Hat but narrow.
Cones terminal, or in P. pedurmduta and P. pulchella, also axillary.
Perianth-seg-ments fidling- off separately. Style-end continuous, fiisi-
form.

20. P. biternata, 3feissn. in Hooh. Kcw Journ. vii. 69, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 275. A stout rigid shrub, giabrous except the cones or the
branches minutely hoary-tomentose. Leaves pinnate witli 3 or 6 seg*-
ments or the lower ones ag-ain 2- or 3-lobed, all llat but narrow, thick
and rigid, ])ung'ent-pointed, | to 1| in. long-. Cones ovoid-giobular,
above 1 in. diameter, terminal and almost sessile above the last leaves.
Outer bracts broad, short, hard, giabrous and shining'. Cone-scales
broad, the outer ones 3 or 4 lines long-, acuminate, rigid, woolly at the
base only, the inucr ones smaller, very woolly, with small giabrous tips.
Perianth scarcely above |' in. long', slender, giabrous or sligiitly viscid.
Style-end continuous, fusiform, shortly papillose-hirsute. Nut broadly
obovate, the margins comose, both faces giabrous.

^V. Australia. Between Moore and Murchison rivors, Drunimond, Qth coll. n.

1G8.

21. P. plumosa, Meissn. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 69, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 273. An eroct shrub of 1 or 2 ft., the branches virgate, hoary-
tomentose and hirsute as well as the leaves with long- iine spreading
hairs, tlie oldor foliage becoming- nearly giabrous. Leaves linear-
spatludate, ddated at the end and ontire or shortly divided inlo 2 or 3
rigid pung-ent-i)ointed Hat lobes, the whole leaf | to l^ in. long. Cones
terminai, sessile, depressed-giobular, | in. diameter without the
perianths. Outer cone-scales ovate-oblong", villous at the base, the de-
ciduous u])per portion giabrous with ciliate margins, the inner ones
narrow and villous. Perianth aj^parently nearly 1 in. long* but not
seen very perfect, very villous witli long- fulvous hairs, the seg'ments
talling- otf scparately. Style end continuous, narrow fusiform, nearly

Petrophila.^ Civ. PROTEACE.E. •Wl

g"labrous. Nuts llat, with broad wing'-like margins, obovate, truncate,
3 lines long, minutely pubescent and very shortly comose at the base.
VT. Australia. Moore river, Drummond, 6th coll. n. 164.

2'2. P. ericifolia, R. Br. Prot. Nov, 5. An erect shrub of 2 or 3
ft., with virgate branches more or less tomentose or woolly, but usually
almost concealed under the foliage which is usually glandular or
scabrous-pubescent, with a few longer giandular hairs, or sometimes
almost or quite giabrous and smooth. Leaves terete, not thick, \ to
^ in. long, erect and crowded along the branches, mostly terminated by
a small point or oblique giand or quite obtuse. Cones terminal, sessile,
at first broadly ovoid, at length giobular, i to | in. diameter. Outer
bracts ovate-lanceolate, giutinous, imbricate and persistent. Cone-scales
with the upper portion lanceolate acute very giutinous and imbricate on
the young cones, but deciduous, leaving the enlarged base broadly
ovate tomentose and villous in the fruiting cone. Perianth slender, 7
or 8 lines long, giutinous and hirsute watli spreading hairs, the segments
often separating but not so readily as in some species. Style-end
continuous, narrow-fusiform, almost glabrous. Nut rather broad, the
margins comose, both faces giabrous. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 494, and
in DC. Prod. xiv. '2Q7 .

W. Australia. King George's Sounrl anJ adjoining districts, R. Broion, Baxter,
Druiiimond, Prtiss, n. 650, and nuiny otliers.

Var. scabriuscula. Leaves rather louger and more scabrous, cones larger ; flowers
more viilous. — P. scabriuscula, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 495, and in DO. Prod. xiv.
268. — Swan river? Drummond, Ist coll. n. bbl.

Var. glahriflora. Perianth glabrous. — Stirliug Range, F. Mueller.

P. 2ihylicoides, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 6; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 268, described from
some specimens of Baxter's from Lucky Bay, without perianths, appears to me to be
the same as the more glabrous forms ofP. ericifolia, a species which as a whole is very
distinct from any other. The small crowded leaves give it some outward resemblance
to P. incoufipicua or to P. chrysantha, but these leaves are all siniple, never divided as
in the latter two.

23. P. chrysantha, Meissn. in Hook. Kew Joum. vii. Q^, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. '271. A shrub of 2 or 3 ft., with erect branches, the young-
shoots tomentose-pubescent and sprinkled with long fine hairs, be-
coming at length nearly giabrous. Leaves short and crowded along
the branches, simply piuuate, with terete pungent-pointed segments
grooved above, the lowest pair proceeding from near the base of the
petiole, the whole leaf not exceeding | in. Cones terminal, sessile,
ovoid, 3 to 4 lines diameter wuthout the perianths. Outer bracts broad,
obtuse or with miuute points, imbricate, giabrous except the ciliate
margins ; outer cone-scales similar, the inner ones gradually narrower,
more concave, hirsute outside with long hairs, giabrous inside. Perianths
about 5 lines iong, very densely hirsute with yellow or fulvous hairs,
the segments falling otf separately. Style-end continuous, fusiform, at
first bearing a few rellexed hairs, but at length nearly giabrous. Nuts
expanded in the upper part into 2 flat truncate wings, 2 lines long and

332 nv. proteace.t:. [Petrophiht.

\h lines broad, densely comose at the base, the remainder hirsute with
sliorter hairs.

yjV. Australia. Between Mooic and Murcliison rivcrs, Drummond, Gth coll. n.
16.'j; iicar Dandaroga, OhlfiM.

24. P. pedunculata, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. ?0, Prod. 364. A
tall ghibrous shrub. Leaves pinnate with much divided 2- 3-chotomous
pinna?, the ultimate seg-ments numerous, rather fine, rigid but not
pung-ent, terete and g-rooved above. Cones axillary, ovoid or oblong',
I to 1 in. long-, on peduncles of ^ to | in. with small empty bracts at
the base of the peduncle. Cone-scales g-hibrous, broad, hard, with a
short persistent erect point. Perianth g-hibrous, about 5 lines long,
the seg-ments falling- off separately. Style-end continuous, fusiform,
ang-ular, minutely pubescent or g-labrous. Nut broad, the margins
comose, both faces glabrous. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 269 ; Guiliem.
Ic. Pl. Austral. t. 18.

N. S. TVales. Bliie ]\Iountains, B. Brown, Sieher, n. 20, A. and E. Cunningham
and others.

25. P. pulchella, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Suc. x. 69, Prod. 364. A
ehrub of 6 to 8 ft., glabrous as well as tlie foliag-e or minutely pubescent
when 3'oung". Leaves twice or thrice pinnate, the segments numerous,
not spreading-, terete, grooved above, rather slender and not pungent,
the whole leaf li to 2| in. long", the petiole as long- as the divided part.
Cones terminal, sessile, solitary or with one or two axilhiry ones close
below it, oblong- or cylindrical, 1 to li in. long', and h to | in. diameter
without the perianths. Outer bracts few and small. Cone-scales
broad, the outer ones very shortly acuminate and pubescent, the inner
niore silky at tlie base with hinceohite deciduous points, all at length
broad hard and g-hibrous. Perianth silky-pubescent, 6 to 7 lines long-,
the seg-ments talHng- off separately. Style-end continuous, narrow-fusi-
form, sparingly and shortly hirsute. ISut broad, copiously comose on the
marg-ins, more sparingly hirsute on the inner face, glabrous on the
back. — Meissn. in DC. Jr*rod. xiv. 270 ; Prutea pulchella, Schrad. Sert.
Hannov. 15, t. 7 ; Cav. Ic. t. 550; Bot. Mag-. t. 796; Protca Jncifolia,
Salisb. Prod. 48 ; Pctrophilafucifulia, Knig-ht. Prot. 92 ; Protea dichutoma.
Cav. Ic. vi. 34, t. 551.

N. S. Wales. Port Jaci?son to tlie Blue Monntains, E. Brown, Sieher, n. 19, Fl.
IJijt. n. 479, and niany otliers.

2(S. P. sessilis, Sieh. in Poem. and Schult. S>/st. Vcf/. iii. Mant. 262. A
slirub attaining 8 to 12 ft, closely allied to P.pnlcheUa, and as sug-gested
by R. lirown, perhaps a variety with a more rigid foliag'e, the seg-ments
divaricate and the young- shoots hoary-tomentose or ahnost silkv.
Cones rather broader and shorter. Perianths and stvle and nuts the
same. — R. Br. Prot. Nov. 6; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 270; P.
eanescens, A. Cunn. in R. Br. Prot. Nov. 6 ; Meissn. l.c. 270.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, Fraser.

N. S. Wales. Biiie Monntains, Calei/, Sieher, n. "21 ; New England, C. Stuart,
C. Moure; Sydney woods, Baris Exliibitiun, 18;'j5, Macartliiir, n. 214.

Prtrophila.] CIV. PROTEACEjE. 333

27. P. fastigiata, li. Br. in Truns. Linn. Soc. x. 70, Prod. 364. A
shrub of iibout 3 ft., <4-l:ibrous except the cones or tlie branches sli^htly
tomentose. Leaves twice or thrice ternately divided, the petiole as
long- as the divided portion, the sej^-ments terete, slender but obtuse or
nearly so, all erect and attaining- about the same heig-ht. Cones ter-
minal, ovoid, sessile, | to 1 in. long* wlien in fruit. Outer bracts
numerous, imbricate, silky inside, broadly triang'uhir and acute, at
leng-th deciduous. Cone-scales woolly at the base, broad, with small
deciduous gialtrous tips. Perianth g-labrous, about 5 Hnes long-, the
seg'ments falHng- otf separately. Style-end continuous, fusiform,very
siiortly hirsute. Nuts narrow, acute, coniose on the margins and more
sparing-ly so on the back, g-hibrous on the front or inuer face. — Meissu.
in DC. Prod. xiv. 270 ; F. MuelL Fragm. vi. 245.

W. Australia. Lucky Bay, B. Brown, Baxter; near Eyre's Range, 3Iaxwell.

28. P. seminuda, Lmdl. Srvan Riv. App. 34. A bushy shrub of 2
or 3 ft., cpiite g4abrous except the cones. Leaves once or twice 3-fid,
with terete segmeuts of | to 1 in., not very thick but rigid and pung-ent-
pointed. Cones terminal, sessile, ovoid, attaining- ^ in. diameter!
Outer bracts numerous, ovate-banceolate or lanceolate, acute, at length
deciduous. Cone-scales with a broad woolly-tomentose base, and small
deciduous hinceohite g'labrous tips. Perianth g-labrous, about ^ in.
long-, not very slender, the seg-ments falling- off separately. Style-end
continuous, fusiform, very shortly and sparing-ly hirsute. Nut ovate,
with comose margius, the back hairy, the inner face glabrous. — Meissn.
in Pl. Preiss. i. 495 and in DC. Prod. xiv. 209.

V^. Australia. Swaii river, Drummond, \st coll. n. 561, 562, 572, Preiss, n. 634,
635 ; Stirling Range, F. 3Iueller ; Cape Le (irand, JJaxiocll.

Var indivisa. Leaves 1 to 2 in. long, niostly undivided orhere and there a few bifid
or tritid at the end. — \V. Australia, Drummond.

29. P. circinata, Kipp. ; Meissn. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 07, and
in BC. Prod. xiv. 272. A stout bushy slirub, g-labrous except the cones
or the branches slig-htly pubescent. Leaves crowded, twice pinnate,
with numerous divaricate intricate terete and pungent-pointed segments,
the whole leaf 3 to 5 in. long". Cones terminal, larg'e, depressed-
g-lobular. Outer bracts numerous, broad, shortly acuminate, coriaceous,
g'labrous or minutely hoary outside, silky-villous inside, mostly above
\ in. long', imbricate, forming- an involucre of 1 to 1|^ in. diameter, con-
cealing' the scales. Cone-scales lanceolate or linear, apparently de-
ciduous. Perianths exceeding-ly numerous, villous with minute g-la-
brous tips, projecting- about \ in. beyond the outer bracts, forming- an
almost llat top of \\ in. diameter, the segiuents readily separating*.
Style-end continuous, narrow-fusiform, very sparingly hirsute or nearly
glabrous. Nut ovate, acute, shortly comose on the back as well as
the margins.

S. Australia? N. of Adelaide, Whittaher {Herh. Hook.), but possilly some
ini^take.

W. Australia, Drum,mond, bth coll. Suppl. n. 3.

334 civ. protf.ace.t:. [Pctrophila.

The cone-scales appear to be dccidnnus and the invohicre large and persistent as in
Isoj}ogo7i latifolhis, and others of the section Hiipmntlms of that genus ; the periantb,
st}le and nut (tlie latter not seen perfect) are rather those of Petrophila.

30. P. Drummondii, J/^?.s-.s-«. in Pl. Prei^s. i. 49(^), fi/id i/i DC. Prod.
xiv. 270. An erect sliriib, o'l;ibn)us except tbe cones or tbe upper
brancbes and leaves softly pubescont. Leaves twice or thrice ternutely
divided, or pinnate witb tbe lower pinniie twice or tbrice divided, tbe
seg'monts terete and punoent-pointed, ^ to | in. long-. Cones terminal,
sessile, ovoid or nearly fziobular, | to 1 in. diameter. Outer bracts
ratber numerous, ovate-binceolate, giutinous but otberwise giabrous.
Cone-scales witb a broad woolly-villous base and ovate-lanceobite or
lanceobite deciduous ends, the outer scales in tbe old cones becoming-
giabrous. Periantb (about | in. long- ?) hirsute witb spreaiHng- viscid
hairs, tbe seg"ments falling- otf separately. St^ie-end continuous, ratber
long-, fusiform, hirsute. Nut broad, not acuminate and at leng-tb
notched at tbe end, comose on tbe margin and outer face, tbe inner
face giabrous.

V^. Australia, Drummovd, Ist coll. n. 570.

P. tritenutta, Ki}ip. ; Meissn. in Ilook. Kew Journ. vii. 67, and in DC. Prod. siv.
270, froni Drummond's 2nd coll. n. 2, appears to me to be the same plant with conis in
a more advanced state, with the leaves of young shoots growing out from within the
outer bracts. In ncither arc the perianths in a very good state.

31. P. crispata, P. Br. Prot. Nov. 0. A rigid sbrub, very closely
alHed to P. Drninmondii and to P. rif/ido,, and perbaps a variety of the
latter. Leaves twice or tbrice divided, witb terete pung-ent-pointed
segments, sborter and more rigid than in P. Drummondii, long-er than
in P. rif/ida. Cones terminal, sessile, ovoid or at leng-tb oblong- and
sometimes above 1 in. long- wben in fruit, and not much above 1 in.
diameter. Outer bracts giutinous and deciduous, Cone-scales Avitb a
broad tomentose-viHous base and sbort giabrous persistent or deciduous
ends. Periantb not seen very perfect, tbe segiuents falHng' off" sepa-
rately, densely villous outside with short liairs, not viscid or at least
not so much so as in P. Drmnmondii. Nut broad, truncate, tbe margins
comose, botb faces giabrous or sHgiitly pubescent. — Meissn. in Pl.
Preiss. i. 490, ii. 245 and in DC, Prod. xiv. 271.

"W. Australia. King Gcorge's Sound, Baxter, Preiss, n. 647, Drummond, 3rd
coll. n. 248.

32. P. rigida, R. Br. in Trfins. Linn. Soc. x. 69, Prod. 364. A rigid
divaricate shrub of 2 or 3 ft., quite giabrous except the cones. Leaves
very rigid, tricbotomously bipinnate, tbe ultimate seg-ments in the
typical form very sbort but in otber specimens h to 1 in. long', all
terete divaricate and pung-ent-pointed. Cones terminal or in tbe forks
of the brancbes, sessib^ nearly giobular, about | in. diameter without
tbe iiowers, or ratlier larg'er when in fruit. Outer bracts lanceolate,
acuminate, giabrous outside, silky inside, deculnous. Cone-scales
broad, scarcely acuminate, silky-villous outside at tbe base, otberwise
glabrous, Periantb nearly | in. b)ng:, very villous almost plumose, the

Pctrophila.] civ. proteace^. 335

seg-ments folling- off separately. Style-end continuous, fusiform, with
few sliort bairs, glabrous ancl 4-angled at the hase. Nut not seen ripe,
the young- ones densely comose. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 497, and in
DC.'Prod. xiv. 271.

IV. Australia. King George^s Sound and adjoining districts, B. Brown, A. Cun-
ningham, Druiumond, Ist coll., Preiss, n. 645, 648, 649, and others.

33. P. multisecta, F. Jli/cII. Frafjm. vi. 242. A denselj branched
bushy shrub, glabrous except the cones and somewhat glaucous, closely
allied to and perhaps a yariety of P. rigida. Leaves trichotomously
divided or pinnate with dichotomous pinnte, the segments terete, rio-idj
pungent-pointed, not so short as in some varieties of P. rtflida, but quite
like those of other forms of that species. Cones ovoid or oblong, | to
1 in. long" and about | in. diameter without the perianths, sessile in the
forks of the branches. Outer bracts not numerous, lanceolate, acumi-
nate, g-labrous. Cone-scales broad, silky-tomentose outside, with pro-
minent persistent acuminate and glabroixs ends. Periauth silky-yillous,
about i in. long, the segments falHng- off separately. Stvle-end con-
tinuous, fiisiform, shortly pubescent. Nut broad, densely comose on
the margins, more sparingly hirsute on both faces.

S. Australia. Kanijaroo Island, Waterhou.se.

34. P. conifera, Mci.%m. i» Ilooh. Kew Journ. vii. Q7 , and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 271. A much-branched bushy shrub of 1 to 3 or 4 fl:. the young-er
branclies tomentose-pubescent, ahnost woolly, the older ones and foHao-e
g'hibrous. Leaves trifid or the middle segmcnt again divided, the seo*-
ments divaricate, terete, rigid, pung-ent-pointed, i to | in. long-. Cones
mostly in the forks of the branches, sessile, oblong-cyhndrical, attainino*
about 1 in. in leng-th and 4 to 6 lines diameter without the perianths,
Outer bracts very deciduous. Cone-scales softly tomentose, at first
acuminate, but the points deciduous and in the old cones the scales verv
broad, about 3 lines diameter, hard, tomentose, few for the leng-th of
the cone although closely imbricate. Perianth hirsute, 6 to 7 Hnes
long, the segments falHng- oft' separately. Style-end continuous, narrow-
fusiform, hirsute with few short hairs. JVut ovate, ahnost acuminate
comose all over, but more densely so on the margins and back than on
the inner face.

TV. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield, Drummond, &th coll. n. 167. The
species is very nearly allied to P. riyida, but with tomentose branches and longer
cones.

Sect. 6. Hebegyne. — Habit and characters of Petrophile except
that the style has not a distinct fusiform end.

35. P. semifurcata, F. Mmll. Herh. A bushy shrub with the habit
and tomentose branches of P. conifera. Leaves glabrous, rigid, terete,
3 to 5 in. long, entire or divided at the end into 2 or 3 short see'ments,
obtuse or shortly pointed but not pungent. Cones terminal or in
the forks of the branches, shortly pedunculate, oblong--cyHndrical, | to

336 civ. PROTEACEJE. [Petrophilu.

l^ in. long-, and about h in. diameter. Outer bracts very deciduous.
Cone-scales broad, riyid, tonientose, rounded or obtuse witli very small
points, not numerous but closely imbricate as in P. (•oiufera. Perianth
silky-viHous, nearly | in. lonji, the se<z-ments falling- off separately, not
seen however veryperfect. Style pubescent from the base, tomentose-
villous and sUg-htly tliickened upwards but not distinctly fusiform at
the end.
^V. Australia. Murcbison river, Oldfield.

2. ISOPOGON, R. Br.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth reg-uhtr, the tube slender, the
upper portion falling- otf entire with the 4 linear or oblon^ seg-ments of
the Hmb, leaving- a persistent base which finally splits or is cast off as
the frnit ripens, Anthers all perfect and fi-ee, sessile within the seg-
ments of the limb, the connective tipped with a small appendag'e. No
hypog-ynous scales. Ovary sessile, with a single orthotropous or slightly
amphitropous ovule, ])endulous from near the a])ex of the cavity. Style
filiform, usually more or less dihited or chivate towards the end, and
separated froni the narrow often bulbous-based brush by a short neck
or constriction, the chivate ])ortion usually papillose-pubescent, rarely
the style-end continuous and slender, tlie stig-ma terminah Fruit a
small dry and indehiscent nut, usually ovoid-conical, scarcely com-
i^ressed and not wing-ed, hirsute all over, the lower hairs or nearly all
forming- a long- coma. — Shrubs with the habit of Petrophila. Leaves
rig-id, entire or divided, terete or iiat and sometimes broad. Flowers
vellow, pink or lihic, in dense spikes or coms, each tiower sessile w^ithin
*a bract or scale, the cones hemispherical g-lobular or ovoid, terminal or
rarely axiUary, the receptacle or rhachis woolly, flat convex conical or
cylindrical, the scales tomentose or villous outside, g-labrous inside, im-
bricate, deciduous after flowering- or if long- iDersistent and retaining the
seed, readily detached and always falling- oft with the seed, or in a few
species leaving* a very short persistent base. At the base of the cone
are also, as in Petrophila, severai imbricate empty bracts, forming an
invohicre, larger or smaller than the cone-scales and usually more per-
sistent, the cones are also almost always closely surrounded by floral
leaves. Nuts shorter than the cone-scales, aud very Httle varied in the
whole g'enus.

The genus is limited to extratropical Australia, and is chiefly Western. Althoush
the niajnrity of the species ditier tVom PelropMla in the mode of breakiiig up the
perianth, in tlie form ot the style-end, anil in the shape and indumentum of the nut, all
thcse chaiacters have exceiitions, and perhaps the most constaiit one is that of the
cone-scales, -which in Petrophila remain finnly attached to the receptacle, opening
spontaneously or by force for the emission of the nuts, whilst in Isopogon they separate
irom the receptacle either with the nuts or previously.

Rect. 1. Hypsanthus. — Conescales acuminate, not rery closely imbricate, the inner
onr 8 narrow. Eectptacle fiat, convex or rarely oblony. Leaves fiat, exccpt in
I. adenanthoidcs.

IsopOffOn.] CIV. PROTEACE^. 337

Leaves flal, all quite cntire.

Leaves mostly 2 to 6 iii. long. Cones J to IJ in. diametor.
Periautli glabrous or witli tufts of hairs only at tlie ends of
the s-egments.
Concs large, solitary, with numei'ous outcr bracts. Pe-
rianth 1 in. h)iig or more.
Involucre li in. iliameter, excceding the cone-scales.

Perianth 14 in. hmg _ 1. I.latifoUus.

Involncre 1 in. diameter, not exceeding the cone-scales.

Perianlh 1 in. iong 2. /. ciineatus.

Cones uiider 1 in. diameter, often clustered. Perianth
about 4 in. long. Leaves iiarrow.

Outer bracts longer than the cone-scales 3. /. Unearis.

Oiiter bracts shorter than the coiie-Rcales 4. I. jJolycephalus.

Periantli-segments hirsute frora the niiddle. Cones under
1 in. diameter, often clustered. Involucral bracts lauceo-

late, acuminate _ 5. /. attenuatus.

Perianth segments densely plumose-villons.

Stems erect, leafy, villous. Terminal coues large, solitary

or chistered 6. /. sphcerocephalus.

Stems dwarf or scarcely any. Cones clustered at the

base of the elongated petioles 7. I uncinatus.

Leaves mostlyunder 1 iu. long or the lower ones 2 in. Cones
small, ovoid Perianth segments phimose.

Cones clustered at the ends of the branches 8. /. huxifoUus.

Cones axillary along the hranches 9. / axillaris.

Leaves cuneate, niostly 3-toothed 10. /. tridens.

Leaves undulate, broadly cuneate and dentate or broadly twice

or thrice 3-lobed 11. L Baxteri.

Leaves linear or linear-cuneate, once or twice ternately divided 12. / roseus.
Leaves slender, terete, trifid, crowded, under 1 in. long . . . 13. /. adenanthoides .
(See also Petrophila circinata, which lias the cones nearly of
Hypsanthus with the flowers of Fetroplnla, and P. incon-
spicua, which muchresembles /. adenanthoides.)

Sect. 2. Eustrobilus. — Gone-scales aU ^oithhroad dilated or truncate ends, closehj
imbricate after flowering. Receptacle convex, conical, or cyUndrical.

Perianth silky pubescent or villous. Leaves flat.

Leaves cimeate or spathulate, mostly 3-toothed or shortly

3-iobed • . . _ ". 14. /. trilohus.

Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, mostly divided into 3 seg-

ments of A to 1 in _ 15. / tripartitus.

Leaves h'near or oblanceolate, 4 to 8 in. long, entire or with 1

_ or 2 long linear lobes ._ 16. I. longifoUus.

Perianth silky-pubescent or villous. Leaves terete.

Outer bracts few besides the floral leaves, tomentose. Cone-
scales plumose-viilous.
Leaves ail undivided. Cones large, terminal, depressed-

globular._ _ 17. /. Drummondii.

Leaves imdivided or 2- or 3 lobed. Cones terminal, ovoid-

globular 18. /. heterophyUus.

(See also 29, /. scahriusculus.)
Leave 2- 3-chotomous, very long. Stems dwarf or scarcely

any. Cones large, ovoid-oblong, sossile amongst the leaves 19. I. viUosus.
Outer bracts imbncate, broad, glabrous.

Leaves rigid, entire, or once, twice, or thrice divided. Cones

mostly nodding. Western species . _ 20. I. teretifoUus.

Leaves slender, twice or thrice divided. Cones erect.

Eastern species 21. I. anethifoUus.

VOL. V. z

338 CIV. PROTEACEiE. [Isopogotl.

Periantli trlabrous or with a tiift of hairs at the end of the seg-
menls. Li-^ivis much (lividcd or rnrely rniire, flat and
veined, or if uearly leret? g ooved or cliaiinelied a'ove.
Easlern species. Lcaves ninch dividcd, witli tlat puiigent-

pointed segments. Flowcrs yellow.
Outer bracts shnrter than the cone-scales. . , .

Petioles 2 to 3 in. long. Perianth about 4 lines . . .22. I. petioloris.

Peiiolcs 1 to 14 in. long. Perianth 5 or 6 lines . . . 23. /. ammonijolus.
Outer bracts nunicrous, longer than the conc-sc;des. Leaf-

sec-nients very nunierous, divaricate, and pungcnt-

pointed '24. /■ ceratophyllus.

Western species. Leaf segments or leaves nnrrow and con-

cave or nearly tercte but groovcd. Llowers red or lihic

(colour unknowii in / srabrusciilns).
Leaves ciowdcd, short, witli narrow-lincar segmcnts. Cones

small. <ifien crowded at the cnds of the braneb.es . . . 2b. 1. asper.
Leaves mostlv once or twice dividcd into linear-cuneate _ _ _

segments. "Cones terminal, ratlier iarge 2Q. I. crithmifohus.

Lea\-cs much divided, with short nearly terete pungcnt-

p(-inted sei;mcnts. C(mes terniiiial 27. I.formosus.

Leavcs once or twice divided, with slcnder nenrly terete

segments. Concs tcrminal. I'eri:inili I in. long ._ . . 28. I. diverrje.ns.
Leaves tercte or liiiear and thick, 2 to 4 in. long, cntiie or

3 lobed. Cones terminal, small 29. /. scabrivsculm.

I. pedunculatiis, R. Br.Pmt. Nov. 7, Meissn. in DC. Prod_. xiv. 277, was foundcd
cn two specimcns of Fraser"s froni Swan river, with the cones in too iinperiect a .state
to estB.blisli their generic aftinitv with certainty. If the plant is a true Isoprgon, it is
most pnibabiy a variety of /. c?ii-er$f(3;(S, but the cone not beiiig so closely surrounded
by floral ]ea\es as in most species oi Isopogon, it is more probably a Feiniphila, and in
tbat case referable to P. seniinuda.

Sect. 1. Hypsanthus, Endl. — Cone-scales acuminate, not very
closely imbricate, tlie inner ones narrow, often plumose-villous and
very deciduous. Receptacle tiat convex or rarely oblong-. Leaves
flat, often entire, sometimes broad, divided into feAv flat seg-ments in a
few species, with terete seg"ments in /. adcnanthoidcs.

The two divisions proposed by Brown and estabjislied as sectinns by Endlicher, ap-
pear to nie mnch mnre detinite thaii the three founded cliielly un the fuliage by Aleissner.

1. I. latifolius, li. Br. Prot. Nov. 8. A tall stout species attaining-
10 ft., and from a distance asstiming- the aspect of a hhododendron (F.
Mveller), the branches pubescent towards the end, the foliag-e glabrous.
Leaves obovate to elliptical-oblong-, obtuse with a small callous point,
entire, narrowed into a very short petiole or nearly sessile, 3 to 4 in.
long-, obscurely veined. Cones large, terminal, depressed-globular.
Outer bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate, the inner ones | in. long, nu-
merous and imbricate in several rows in an invohicre of 1-J- in. diameter
concealing the scoL s, which are woolly outside, ghibrous inside, the outer
ones ]anceolitte, the innerlinear. Peri;iiitli-tube tiliform, glabrous, 1|- in.
long-; kiniina^linear,about \ in.long',ti])pedwitha small tuft of silkyhairs.
Ovary crowned by a tuft of short hairs. Style-end oblong--clavate
pubesC( nt and suddenly contracted under the fusiform brush, wIul-Ii
Ijears refli^xed hairs in 8 long-itudinal rows. Receptticle conical or
almost cylindrical, nearly 1 in.long after the fall of the fruit. — Meissn.

Isopogon.] civ. proteacej^. 339

in DC. Prod. xiv. 282, as to Brown's tvpical plant onlvj /. protea,
Meissn. l.c. 283 ; F. Muell. Frag-m. vi. 28?.

Vi^. Australia. Kiug Georgc^'s Ronnd or tlie immedi.ate neighbom"linod, Baxter,
Driin/moiid, Dt/i coU. n. 898 ; Suminit of iMongynip, Stirling Kange, F'. Mueller.
Baxter a]ipear.s to liave gat'iered only a single speciinen in IViiit, pr<-served in Brown^s
supplcniental lierbariuni, wiiich was probably not siiown to Meissner when he went
through the Proteacere of Brown's own collecting.

2. I. cuneatus, i?. JBr. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 73, Prod. 366. A stout
slirub, attaining- 7 or 8 ft. but flowering' sometimes when quite low,
g-labrous except the cones, or the young- shoots silky-villous. Leaves
from obovate-oblong" to lanceolate or oblanceohite, obtuse with a small
callous point, contracted into a short broad petiole or almost sessile and
often dilated and half stem-chisping- at the base, rather thick, obscurely
veined, 3 to 4 in. long', and varying" in breadth in the same specimen
from J to 1\ in. Cones terminal, depressed-globular, 1 to l^ in. dia-
meter without the perianths. Outer brncts broad, g-labrous or nearly so,
obtuse, shorter than the scales. Cone-scales numerous, the outer
ones ovate, the inner ones lanceolate or linear, all very villous outside.
Perianth pale purple, about 1 in. long-, g-labrous or with small tufts at the
tips of the laminte. Style-end chxvate and g-labrous except the obtuse
villous extremity below the narrow reflexed-hairy brush. Receptacle
hemispherical or shortly and obtusely conical. — Meissn. in DC. Prod.
xiv. 283 ; I. Londoni, Baxt. in R. Br.^^Prot. Nov. 8 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 3421 ;
Meissn. l.c. ; F. MuelL Fragm. vi. 238 ; /. latifolius var. Preissii and var.
lanceolatus, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 508, and 'in DC. Prod. xiv. 282, 283.

TV. Australia. King George's Sonnd and adjoining districts, Menzies, Baxter,
Drumnwnd, bth coU. n. 397, Preiss, n. 664, and many otliers.

The pubescence of the young shoots is very variable, and neither that nor the breadth
of the leaves afford characters lor separating distinct varieties.

3. I. linearis, Meissn. in Hook. Kew Jonrn. vii. 69, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 282. An erect shrub of 1 to 2 ft., the branches and 3'oimg- leaves
softly pubescent, the okler foliag'e glabrous. Leaves Hnear, with a
callous point, contracted into a short petiole, mostly 1| to 2i in. long",
thick^with more or less distinct nerve-like margins and a very few oblique
veins. Cones nearly g-lobular, f to 1 in. diameter, terminal and sohtary or
in a cluster of 2 or 3. Outer bracts not numerous but rather hirge and
imbricate, ovate-lanceolate, silk3'-pubescent or at length nearly g-labrous,
the inner ones h in. long-. Cone-scales shorter, the outer ones broad
the inner ones narrow-lanceolate, all very woolly-villous outside.
Perianth quite glabrous, rather above | in. long-. Style-end slightly
clavate and minutely pubesceut, separated by a narrower neck from the
pubescent bulbous base of the otherwise glabrous narrow brush. Re-
ceptacle ovoid-conical. — F. Muell. Frag-m. vi. 236.

"WT. Australia. Gardiner's Eange north of Dundiragan, towards Moore river,
Drummond, 6th coU. n 169.

4. I. polycephalus, 7?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. ?3, Prod. 366.
An erect or sprcading shrub of 1 to 3 ft., the young' ^hoots tomentose
or villous the adult foliage giabrous. Leaves linear-oblong- or oblauceo-

z2

340 civ. PROTEACE^. [isopogon.

late, obtuse with a small callous point, contracted into a short petiole,
2 to near 4 in. long-, oi- in some sj^ecimens nearly twice as lonp-, thick
and veinless or obscurejy veined. Cones sessile and usually clustered
2 or 3 tog-ether at the ends of the branches, about ^- in. diameter or the
terminal one larg-er. Outer bracts few tind tomentose. Cone-scales
denselv viDous outside, a few of the outer ones broad, all the others
lanceolate or linear and mostly terminating" in subuhite densely plumose
points. Perianth nearly | in. long-, quite glabrons. Style slightly
thickened and shortly liairy towards the end, or quite g-hibrous, without
any constriction or distinct brush. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 281 ; F.
Muell. Frag-m. vi. 236.

W. Australia. King George's Sounci, B. Brown, Baxter ; Stiiling Range, F.
Mueller ; Gales Biook and E. Slioal Cape, Maxwell.

5. I. attenuatus, li. Br. in Trms. Linn. Soe. x. 73, Prod. 306. A
shrul) of 2 ov 3 ft., glabrous except the cones, or the voung- shoots
slightly pubescent. Leaves oblong--sj)athuhite to almost linear, with a
small straight or hooked point, much narrowed into tlie petiole, mostly
4 to 6 in. long, thick and almost veinless. Cones terminal or in the
upper axils, sessile, depressed-globular, f to 1 in. diameter without the
perianths. Outer bracts not numerous, hinceolate, rigid, as long* as or
longer than the scales, the outer ones passing- into small floral leaves.
Cone-scales hmceohite or the inner ones linear, the outer ones villous
at the base and ciliate on the margins, the inner more villous all over
the back. Perianth " pale yellow " not ^ in. long', the lamiuee villous
outside, the tube glabrous or nearly so. Style slightly thickened to-
wards the end as in /. poli/ccjjhalns, without any distinct constriction or
brush.— Bot. Mag-. t. 4372 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 281 ; F. Muell.
Frag-m. vi. 237.

"W. Australia. King George'8 Sound and adjoining districls, B. Brown, Baxter,
Brummond, 'Ind cuU. n. 294, Preiss, n. GG3, and others.

Var. latehracteata. Outer bracts brdaJly lanceolate and tliinner tLau iu tlie typical
form. — Swan river, i^raser; Gordon river, Oldfteld.

6. I. sphaerocephalus, Lindl. Sn-an liiv. App. 34. An erect shrub
of several ft., the branches and younger leaves pubescent and clothed
or sprinkh'd with long" spreading- hairs. Leaves linear or ahnost lanceo-
late, obtuse with a sliort callous point, sliglitly contracted towards the
base but sessile, 2 to 4 in. long", the marg-ins often recurved and the
midrib prominent underneath. Cones sohtary and terminal or 2 or 3
crowded at the ends of the branches, globuhar, i to | in. diameter with-
out the perianth. Outer empty bracts not numerous, imbricate, lanceo-
late, villous, not exceeding- the scales. Outer cone-scales ovate, inner
ones narrow, all villous outside, with small recurved points. Perianth
above | in. long, the tube ghibrous, the laminae densely hirsute with
yellow hairs. !Style-end turbinate, densely pubescent andseparated by
a short constriction from the somewhat bulbous base of the linear almost
glabrous brush. Receptacle ovoid-oblong-. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i.
-508,. and in DC. Prod. xiv. 281; Bot. Mag. t. 4332.

IsopoffOn.] CIV. PnOTEACE^E. 34-1

"^V. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll. n. 559, Preiss, n. 688; Swan
and Vasse rivers, Oldjiehl.

7. I. uncinatus, 7?, B>\ Prot. Nov. 8. Stems ven- sliort or scarcely
any, bearinL;' a clustor of 2 to 4 sessile cones in a tuft of long- leaves,
tlius assuming" tlie aspect of Cono.yjcrmi/m pctiolare. Leaves linear or
lanceolate, terminating- in a liooked eallous point, involute when young-,
contracted into a long' petiole, the long'er ones attaining- 8 to V2 in., the
broader ones mueh shorter, linely liairy wlien young", at length g-labrous.
Outer bracts few, nearly g'Uibrous. Cone-scales villous, hmceolate, the
outer ones rather broad, the inner very narrow. Perianth about | in.
long-, the himina? and upper part of the tube densely hirsute with yel-
lowish hairs, the lower portion alone gdabrous. Style narrow-fusiform
towards the end and slightly pubescent in the lower portion of the
thickened part, but not divided bv any distinct constriction. — Meissn. in
Pl. Preiss. i. 509, ii. 247, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 281.

TV. Australia. King George's Sound or neighbouring districts, Baxter, Drum-
mond, ord coU. n. 243, Preiss, n. 758.

8. I. buxifolius, B. Br. i/i Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 74, Prod. 367. A
bushy and leafy shrub of 3 or 4 ft., the branches and young- shoots
pubescent, the adult foliag-e g'hibrous, Leaves very variable, usually
small and crowded, rarely 1 in. long-, llat or concave. Cones sessile and
solitary or clustered at the ends of the branches in a tuft of Horal leaves,
ovoid, 4 or 5 lines long- without the perianths. Outer bracts few,
lanceohite, ciliate. Outer cone-scales like the outer bracts but villous
also on the baek, inner ones linear. Perianth about | in. long% the seg'-
ments separating- far below the lamina?, leaving- the entire tube short,
glabrous except terminal tufts of hairs which sometimes extend half
way down the laminti?. Style slig'htly thickened into a narrow fusiform
brush marked with long-itudinal lines of reilexed liairs, but without any
dilatation or constriction below the brush. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv.
282; /. spathi/Iufiis, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 8; Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 509,
ii. 247, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 2S'2.

W. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, E. Broicn, and
manj othei s.

The forms assumed by the leaves in different specinipns are so different that the
following varieties might be easily taken Ibr distinct species.

a. spathulalus. Leaves obnvate-spathulate, conti-acted into a distinct petiole, mostly
about 4 in. iong — Drummond, Zrd coll n. 249.

h. ohovatus, Br. Leaves obovate or oblong, more or less contracted at tlie base but
not petiolate, ^ to 1 iu. long. — Drummond, bth coll. n. 396.

e. typicus. Leaves broadly sessile, ovate, witb short recurved points, 3 to 4 lines
long. — Only seen iu Herb. E. Brown.

d linearis, Br. Leaves narrow oblong or linear, .«essile, ^ tn 3 in. long. — Bot. IMag.
t. 345u. — .Appnrently the most coninion variety, occurring in the collections of Ba.rter,
Drummond, bth coll. n. 395, Oldjield, Jlaxwdl, and P. Jlueller.

9. I. axillaris, E. Br. in Tmns. Linn. Soc. x. 74, Prod. 367. A slirub
with erect virg-ate branches, g'labrous except the cones. Leaves linear
or oblanceolate, obtuse with a small callous point, contracted into a

342 civ. PROTEACEJE. [isapogon.

short petiole or the smaller ones sessile, the lower ones often 3 or 4 in.
long", the floral ones sometimes all under 1 in., all thick and veinless.
Cones small, ovoid, ses&ile and axillary, rarely | in. hjng- without the
perianths. Outer bracts ovate, obtuse, glabrous or with shovtly ciliate
margins, concave and imbricate, concealing- the scoles. Cone-scales
silky-villous outside, a vory few of the outer ones nearly ovate, tlie inner
ones linear. Flowers often not above 10 or 12 in the cone. Perianth-
tube filiform, g-labrous, at least 1 in. long-, lobes narrow, 4 or 5 lines
long", plumose-villous outside above the middle. Style-cnd elong-ated
clavate pubescent, separated bv a constriction fi-om the somewhat bul-
bous pubescent base of the brush, which is otherwise only minutely
pubescent along* the ans-les. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 510, and in DC.
JProd. xiv. 282 ; Guillem. Ic. Pl. Austral. t. 19 ; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 438.

^V. Australia. King Geoige's Soimd and adjoining district, R. Broicn, Baxter,
Drummond, Preiss, n. 653, and many others ; \'asse river, Oldfidd.

10. I. tridens, F. Mttell. Fraf/m. vi. 239. A shrub with the habit
and nearly the foliage of the shorter-lobed forms of /. trilohus, but a very
chtferent cone. Young- shoots slig-htly pubescent, adult foliage and
branches g-labrous. Leaves narrow-cuneate, mostly 3-toothed, con-
tracted into a rather long- petiole, thick and obscurely veined, the whole
leaf 1|- to 3 in. long-. Cones terminal, sessile, depressed-g-lobular,
about I in. diameter without the perianths.' Outer bracts broad, to-
mentose outside, numerous and closely imbricate, forming- an involucre
of I in. diameter. Cone-scales acuminate, the outer ones ovate-lanceo-
late, the inner ones narrow, all very densely villous on the back with
long- hairs, fulvous in the lower concealed portion, white on the exposed
tips. Perianths not seen. Receptacle convex. Fruit of Isopogon. —
7. trilobus var. tridem, Meissn. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. ?0 and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 280.

W. Australia. Sandy plains near Diamond Spring, Moore river, Drummond,
CtJi coll. n. 17U.

11. I. Baxteri, 7?. Br. Prot. Nov. 9. An erect shrub of several ft.,
the young- shoots sofrly villous, tlie adult foliag-e glabrous. Leaves
from broadly cuneate unduhite and toothed only at the end, to twice or
thrice 3-lobed, the lobes or teeth all broad unduhite and pungent-
pointed, the whole leaf 1 to 2 in. long- and often as broad at the end as
long, contracted at the base or ahnost petiolate. Cones depressed-
g-lobuLnr, terminal, often clustered amongst niimerous floral leaves, the
innermost of which have hard cUkited bases and small himinoe, passing
into the few outer bracts. Cone-scales linear or hnear-hanceohite, very
yillous with long- silvery or fulvous hairs. Perianth pink, very vilhms, f
in. long-. Style with a long- chivate pubescent end, under a short almost
e-labrous brush.— Meissn. in Pl Preiss. ii. 24?, and in DC. Prod. xiv.
280 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 3539 ; F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 240.

W. Australia. King George'8 Sound and neighbouring districts, Ba.rter, Drum-
mond, Zrdcoll. n. 245; Stiiling Kange, F. Mueller.

Isopof/on.] CIV. PROTEACE^. 343

12. I. roseus, Lindl. Bot. Hefj. 1842, Misc. 39. A bushy shnib of
1 to 3 01" 4 ft., the young" shoots tomentose-pubescent or sometimes
densely villuus, the adult leaves usiially but not always g-hibrous.
Leaves once or twice ternately divided or shortly pinnate, the segments
linear or cuneate, entire or 3-lobed, ripid, Hat, concave or channelled,
acute but scarcely pung-ent, the Avhole leaf in some specimens scarcely
1 iu., in others 2 to 3 in. long-, includlng' the petiole, which is often as
long- as the divided part. Cones terminal, g-lobuhir, solitarv and f to 1
in. diameter, or chistered and scarcely above h in. Outer bracts
numerous, ovate-lanceohite, acuminate, imbricate, tlie inner ones almost
concealing- the scales. Outer cone-scales lanceolate, the inner ones
linear, densely woolly outside but tapering- into long- glabrous or slightly
hairy points. Perianth pink, 1 in. long-, glabrous, tipped with small tufts
of hairs. Style-end linear-clavate, papillose-pubescent, separated by a
short neck from the slig-htly bulbous base of the shovt nearly g-Iabrous
brush. Receptacle couvex. — Meis n. in. DC. Prod. xiv."^ 2?9 ; F.
Muell. Frag-m. vi. 240 ; I. scuher, Meissn. in PI. Preiss. i. 506, Bot.
Mao-. t. 403?, not of Lindl. ; Petrophila duhia, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 7 ;
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 276.

^V. Australia. Swan river, Fmser, Drummond, \st coll. n. 564, Preiss, n. 682,
686 ; DunJaiagan and Toodyay, Oldptld.

13. I. adenanthoides, Meissn. in Hooli. Kew Journ. vii. 69 and in
DC. Prod. xiv. 278. A shrub with thc aspect of an Adenanthos near
A. sericea or of Petrophila inconspicua, the branches virgate, hirsute as
well as the foliage with long- hne spreading- hairs. Leaves crowded,
trifid, linear-terete, slender, acutely mucronate, ^ to | in. long-. Cones
terminal, densely surrounded by the lloral leaves, depressed-giobular,
4 to 5 lines diameter without the periauths. Outer bracts ovate, acute,
softly villous outside, passing- iuto the cone-scales of which the inner
ones are narrovv fVom slig-htly spathulate to linear-acuminate. Perianth
glabrous, about 1 in. long-. Style-end Iong--cIavate, densely papillose-
pubescent, with a slight constriction under the pubescent bulbous base
of the narrow taperiniJ- ahnost giabrous brush. lieceptacle couvex. —
F. Muell. Frag-m. vi. 241.

W. Australia. Hills west of .Monre river, Dnimmond, GtJi coll. n. 171.

Sect. 2. EusTROBiLus. — Cone-scales all with broad dilatcd or
truncate ends, closely imbricated after Howering" in an areolated giobular
or ovoid mass, often long- persistent, but breaking- up when the fruits
fall. Receptacle convex conical or cylindrical.

14. I. trilobus, H. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 72, Prod. 366. A
rig-id shrub of 1 to 2 ft., the branches and young- shoots hoary-tomen-
tose, the adult foliag-e giabrous or giaucous. Leaves on long petioles,
cuneate and broaJly 3- or 5-toothecl at the end, or more or less deeply
3-lol)ed with broad and short lobes, all thick and obscurely veined, the
whole leaf including the petiole 2 to 3 in. long-. Cones terminal, sessile,
ovoid-giobular, very closely imbricate tomentose and f to 1 in. diameter

344 CIV. PROTEACE.E. [isopOffOn.

after flowering-. Outer braets not numerous, Lroad, acute or acuminate,
shorter than the scales. Cone-scales acute when very youug-, after
flowering- broadly cuneate, truncate, thick and liard, 3 lines broad at
the top, convex and densely woolly outside. Perianth shortly silky-
pubescent, about 4 lines long-. Style-end continuous and slightly fusi-
form, minutely and sparingiy hairy on the angies, but scarcely forming-
a distinct brush. Receptacle oblong-conical. — Meissn. in 1)C. Prod,
xiv. 280 ; I. trilohus var. eloba, F. Muell. Frag-m. vi. 239 ; Petrophila
trijida, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1883, not of R. Br.
W. Australia. Lucky Bay, R. Broion, Baxter ; Cape Kichc, Tbomas Crook, anJ

E. ilouiit Darivn, Maxicell.

15. I. tripartitus, li. Br. Prot. Nov. 8. A shrub of 2 or 3 ft., gia-
brous except the cones, closely allied to I. trilobiis and /. lonr/ifolius,
with the same inflorescence, cones and flowers, and intermediate be-
tween the two in foliage, the leaves being- nearly all deejily 3-h)bed,
with narrow lobes from | to 1 in. long-. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 247,
and in DC. Prod. xiv. 280; I. trilobus Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 607;

F. Muell. Frag-m. vi. 239.

TV. Australia. Kins: George's Sound, Baxter, Drummond, Srd coll. n. 246 ; nortli
of 8tirling ramge, F. Miieller.

This hipecies, united by F. Mueller with I. trilohiis, seems to pass rather more gra-
dually into /. longlfolim, and the three might weil be consiilered as varieties ot' one
Bpecies, ahhough in tlie majoiity of specimeus they appear very distinct.

16. I. longifolius, 7?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 73, Prod. 366. A
shrub of 2 to 8 ft., giabrous except the cones or the young- shoots mi-
nutely hairy. Leaves long-, hnear or obhmceolate, obtuse with a small
callous or acute poiut, narrowed into a long- petiole, thick, longitudinally
veined, entire or deeply 2- or 3-lobed, mostly 4 to 6 in. long- and some-
times twice as long- inckiding- the petioles, tlie lower ones often short.
Cones terminal, sessile, ovoid or at leng-th giobuhir, f to 1 in. diameter
after flowering'. Otiter bracts not numerous, acuminate, shorter than
the scales, Cone-scales when very young- acuminate wuth narrow
points, but after flowering- broad and truncate with short points, thick
and hard, very numerous and closely imbricate, deusely tomeutose on
the convex back. Perianth yelloAv, silky-villous, about 0 lines long*.
Style-end continuous and narrow-fusiform, the tliickeued part 4-angied
and giabrous at the base, the upper portion or brush miutitely pubes-
cent in longitudinal lines or giabrous. lieceptacle oblong-, ofteu 1 iu.
long-, — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 507, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 281 ; Bot.
Re^. t. 900 ; F. MuelL Frag-m. vi. 237.

"W. Australia. King George's Sound aiid adjoining districts, B. Brown, Bader,
Drummoiui, n. 2(), Preiss, n. 665, and many otiiers ; eastward to 8alt river, Jla rirell.
Those specimens in which most of the leaves are ;-;-iobeil only dilfer from /. trijmrtitus
in tlieir gieater length. The inflorescence tluwers and fruit are the same in I.trilobus,
I. tripartitus, and / longifvlius.

17. I. Drummondii, Bentk. A sliru!) witli tlie branclies and young-
slioots tomentose, the adult fohag^e giabrous. Leaves undivided,'terete

Is()po//U/l . CIV. FUOTEACE.^E. 34;)

witli a callous poiut, ratlier thick, reseuibling- those of Petrophila
terctijblin, atteuuate at tlie base, li to 3 in. long-. Cones termiual, at
flrst de])ressed at leugth globuhcU", | to 1 in. long", surrounded by
numerous iloral leaves, Outer Ijracts lanceolate, not numerous, not
cxceediug- the scales and shorter than them in the fruiting- cone. Cone-
scales uarrow, especially the iuner ouos aud shortly acuminate, but
more or less cuneate, diusely villous outside, aud after flowering their
convex summits closely imbricate iu a g-hjbuLir mass as in others of this
sectiou. Perianth scarcely 4 Kues loug-, the tube usually pubescent,
the himiuce g'hibrous except a small tuft of hairs at the end. Style-end
sHg-htly chivate, miuutely papillose-pubescent, separated by a very
shght coustriction from the pubescent slightly bulbous base of the
otherwise glabrous but furrowed brush. Receptacle oblong*. — /. loetro-
philoidcs, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 503, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 2?6, partly,
but not of Br,

TV, Australia, Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll., Preiss. The foliage of tliis
species is neMriy tliat of the uiulivided states of /. tentifolia and /. scahriuscuia, with
the former of wliich (the /. petrapliiloidcs, Br.) it niay have been confounded by
Meissner, as he quotes Baxter's specimens as well as Drunimond's and Preiss'.s.

18. I. heterophyllus, McissJi. in Pl. Preiss. i. 504, und in DC. Prod.
xiv. 278. Gkibrous wheu in fruit except a slight pubescence below the
cone. Leaves terete, usually thickened upwards and incurved, acute,
entire, bifid or trifid, rarely with one or two of the segments ag'ain
divided, 2 to 3 in. long- including" the petiole. Cones terminal, sessile,
ovoid-g-lobular and | iu. diameter wdien in fruit. Outer bracts broad,
not ntmierous, villous outside. Cone-scales broadly cuneate, somewhat
hardened and truncate when in fruit, very densely villous outside.
Perianth not seen. Receptacle oblong-. Coma of the nuts very long*.

^V. Australia. Drummond, n. 731, Preiss, n. 672. (T have only seeu Drum-
niond's specinicns.)

19. I. villosus, Jfri.tsn. i)i DC. P/-od. xiv. 277. Sterns very short,
thick and woody, rarely 6 in. hig'h, densely tomentose-villous. Leaves
terete, rig-id, repeatedly forked, 8 to 10 in. long- including- the long-
})etioles, softly tomentose or at length ahnost g'labrous, the seginents
divaricate and almost pungent-pointed. Cones ovoid, closely sessile
within the leaves in a cluster of 3 or 4, each cone about 1 in, long*
without the perianths. Outer bracts few and sliort. Cone-scales
cuneate, densely woolly outside, with long- lanceolate-subulate plumose
deciduous points, Perianth 8 to 9 lines long-, very densely hirsute with
spreading- hairs. Style-end continuous, very shortly thickened and
minutely pubescent under the nearly glabrous long- and slig-htly thickened
brush. Receptacle oblong-, sometimes nearly 1 in. long-. — F. Mucll.
Fragm. vi. 241.

W. Australia, Drummond, 5th coll. n. o99.

20. I. teretifolius, P. Br. in Tra/is. Li/i.n. Soc, x. 71, P)-od. 3G5.
A shrub of 2 to 4 ft., the young" shoots silky-pubescent, the adult foliag^e
g-labrous. Leaves terete, rigid, in a few s])ecimens all or nearly all

84(] CIV. PR0TEACE.1E. [lsopOff07l.

simple and 2 or 3 in. long-, but usually once twice or even tliree times
bifid or trifid, the seg-ments usually divaricate, with callous or scarcely
acute points. Cones terminal, sessile or nearly so but almost ahvays
more or loss oblique or cernuous, rarely quite erect, depressed-globular,
I to 1 in. diameter after floworing". Outer bracts broad, obtuse or w^ith
small recurved points, closely imbricate but rather shorter than the
scales. Cone-scales obovate-cuneate, the convex closely imbricate ends
densely tomentosp, the remainder densely villous outside with fulvous
hairs. Perianths very numerous, about | in. long-, more or less villous,
the laminie tipped with longer hairs. Stylc-end shortly clavate and
pubescent, constricted into a short neck below the bulbous base of the
giabrous linear or sligiitlv ta])ering-brush. Keceptacle conical. — Meissn.
in PI. Preiss. i. 504, and'in DC. Prod. xiv. 277 ; F. Muell. Frag-m. vi.
241 ; /. pctrophiloicks, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 7 (specimens with all or nearly
all the leaves entire) ; /. coniif/erus, Lindl. S. R. App. 34 (specimens
with the leaves but little divided).

^V. Australia. King Genrge^s Sound and ailjoining districts, fiequent, B. Broivn,
Bau:tcr, aud mauy others ; eastvvaid to tlie Mounts Bairen, Ma.rwell; nortliward to
Quangen pbiins, Preiss, iuid towards Swan river, BrummonJ, \st coll. {Preiss, n. 062,
6G8, 6ij9, 675, and perliaps 681).

Aniidst all tlie variations of foliage froni siinple to mucli divided, whicli being some-
times met with on one and the same bush, cannot serve to chaiacterize difinite
varieties, this spccies may usnally be at once recognised by the cernunus heads which I
have not oliserved in aiiy other Isopogon. Ihcre are however a few spicimens iu
wliicli this character is not very decided or in which thc heads are quite erect, jiossibly
froin having beconie straightened iii drying. In 13row/i's original speciniens (froiu
IJaxter) of l pctropldloidt^s ihe heads are very cernuous, in those of his own coUectiiig
of / teretifolnis they aie erect, in all others that I have seen with di\ided leaves, ex-
ceptiiig one or two of Preiss's, they are deciduiily ccruuous.

21. I. anethifolius, Knight. Prot. 94. An erect shrub of 3 or 4ft.,
giabrous excej)t the cones. Leaves once or twice pinnate, with rather
slender terete usually erect and crowded seg-ments, acute but not pun-
gent, often above 1 in. long". Cones terminal, sessile or shortly
peduncuhite within the Horal leaves, ovoid, giobular, -| to | in. diameter or
even mure when in fruit. Outec bracts numerous but small, mostly
giabrous, more or less acuminate, the inner ones broad and with shorter
points, all shorter than the scales. Cone-scales very numerous, their
broad truncate tomentose ends closely imbricate in the fruiting- cone,
the conceaied portion densely villous on the back with fulvous hairs.
Perianth yellow, about \ in. long*, sparingiy and shortly silky-hairy,
with a tuft of long-er hairs towards the end of the laminte. Style-end
clavate, minutely and densely pubescent, separated by a short but
rather deep constriction from the bulbous base of the brush. Recep-
tacle cylindrical. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 71, Prod. 305; Meissn.
in DC. Prod. xiv. 277; Protva ancthifolia, Salisb. Prod. 48; Protca
ucufcra, Cav. Ic. vi. 33, t. 549; Protca divaricuta, Andr. Bot. Rep.
t. 4(55.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieher, n. 17.
and many others.

Isapogon.] civ. PROTEAOE.ii:. 34?

22. I. petiolaris, .1. Cunn. in li. Br. Prot. Nov. 8. A low biisli_y or
procumbont shnib, iioarly allied to /. (inemon(f'olhis, the young" shoots
tomen^osc-]nibescent, the adult foliag-e becoming' g'hibrous. Leaves
llat and ternately or pinnately divided as in /. anemuniJhUus, but more
riiid and striate, the pctioles usually 2 to 3 in. long-, tlie seg-ments di-
varicato, often pung^enc-pointed Cones g-lobuhir, h to | in. diameter
without the perianths, or from f to 1 in. when in fruit. Uuter bracts
few, rather broad, acuminate. Cone-scales broadly cuneate, very
woolly outside but with long"er points than in /. anem/mifolius. Perianth
scarcely 4 lines long-, g-labrous except the small terminal tufts, the tube
short. Styles of /. anemonijolius. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 279.

Queensland. Nortli of Macintyre's Brook, A. Cunningliam.

N. S. Wales. Paianiatta, Woolls ; New England, ('. Shtart ; Eeedy Crcek,
C. Jloore; between the BoL;an and Buree rivers, A. Cunningliam.

23. I. anemonifolius, Knifiht. Prot. 93. A shrub of 4 to 6 ft.,
g"labrous except the cones or tlie branches and young- shoots pubescent.
Leaves on rather long- petioles, once or twice trifid or pinnately divided,
with linear or linear-cuneate entire or 2- or 3-lobed segments, usiuilly
diverg-ing" or falcate, mostly pung'ent-pointed, rather rigid and obscurely
veined, the whole leaf 2 to 4 in. iong- and nearly as broad. Cones
sessile, solitary or in clusters of 2 or 3 at the ends of the branches,
nearly globular, ^ to f in. diameter. Outer bracts numerous but
mostly small and narrow. Cone-scales very numerous, woolly outside,
the expanded truncate imbricate ends becoming' g-labrous witli very
minute points. Perianth yellow, 5 to 6 lines, g-labrous except the
terminal tufts of sliort hairs. Style-end clavate, minutely papillose-
pubescent, separated by a short constriction from the bulbous base of
the nearly g-labrous brush. Keceptacle oblong" or cylindrical. — R. Br.
in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 72, Prod. 'dQQ ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 279 ;
F. Muell. FragTO. vi. 238 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1337 ; Protea anemoni-

folia, Salisb. Prod. 48 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 697 ; Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 332 ;
P. tridacti/lites, Cav. Ic. vi. 33, t. 548.

W. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, B. Brown, Caley (with pu-
bescent leaves), Sieher, n. 18, and F'l. Mixt., n. 480, and many others.

Var. ti-mdfolius, F. Muell. Leaf-segnients narrow-lincar, short, cliannelled above
like those ot' I.formosus. — Twofold Bay, /". Mueller, the specimens in fruit only.

Var. 'r puhifiorus. Leaf-segmenls numerous, erect, long. Perianth slightly hirsute.
— Sydney? Bi/noe.

24. I. ceratophyllus, 7?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 72, Prod. 366.
A low g'labrous shrub, usually forming- dense very prickly tufts under
1 in. hig-h, but sometimes attaining- I to 2 ft. Leaves crowded, on
rather long- petioles, tlattened but undulate, ternately or pinnately (h-
vided into linear rigid intricately divaricate pung-ent-pointed segments,
quite smooth or obscurely striate. Cones sui'rounded by numerous
leaves, globular, about ^ in. diameter or nearly | in. when in fruit.
Outer bracts ovate, g-labrous, ratlier thin, imbricate and almost con-
cealing" the scales at the time of flowering-. Cone-s^ales broad, villous

348 CIV. PROTEACE.T2. [Isopoi/Otl.

outside, the outer ones witli sliort broad o-laljrous ends, all closely im-
bricate after tluwering-. Perianth ratlier above h in. long-, the tube very
slender and the huninie srnall, g'hibrous or with minute terminul tufts
of hairs. Style-end chivate, minutely papillose-pubeseent, contracted
into a short ueck below the bulbous base of the nearly g-hibrous brush.
Recej)tacle ovoid-conical, rather short. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 2?9 ;
Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 319 ; F. Mucll. Frag-m. vi. 238.

Victoria. Yoxi VhWW^^, R. Brown ; from the Glenelg river, Roherlson, io Gipps'
I>aiul, F. MucUer ; Wiuunera, Dallachy.

Tasmania. Fliiiders' Islaiid, Gunn; isles of Bass's Straits, 5?/noe.

S. Australia. j\Ioiint Barker, Whittaker; St.Vincent'8 Gulf, £/a«dou-s/.'i ; Lofty
Eanne, (.iniilicii aiid Encountcr Bays, F. Mtieller.

W. Australia? King George's Souud, iVLcan in Herb. Hoolcer, but pcrhaps
some nii.stake.

25. I. asper, 1\\ Jir. Prot. Nov. 8. A shrub, sometimes low, with
erect nearly siin])le branches of 1 to 2 ft., (Prciss and others), sometimes
more branchod and attaining- several ft. (Ohl/icld), the branches pubes-
cent, the foliag-e slightly scabrous. Leaves crowded, pinnate with the
lower seg-ments forked or 3-lobed, all the seg-ments rigid, linear, Hat or
channelled, mostly acute, the whole leaf rarely above 1 in. long-. Cones
depressed-g-lobular, -| in. diameter without the perianths, terminal or
on short axillary branches, forming" dense leafy clusters at or near the
ends of the branches. Floral leaves numerous, the inner ones with di-
lated petioles and smaller segments, passing- into tlie ovate acuminate
outer bracts, and the inner ones of these passing- into the obovate
spathulate cone-scales, whicli are villous outside with spreading- ovate
coloured glabrous points, the inner scales gTadually narrower, all ex-
eeeding'ly numerous and closely imbricate after ilowering-. Perianth
" red," g-labrous, about ^ in. long- or rather more. Style-eud long" and
clavate, densely pa])illose-pubescent, separated by a sliort constriction
fi'om the slig-htly bulbous jjubescent base of the brush which is minutely
liirsute in longitudinal lines. Receptacle nearly g'lobular. — Meissn. in
Pl. Preiss. i. 505, and iu DC. Prod. xiv. 2?8 ; /. scahcr^ Lindl. Swan
Piv. Ajip. 34, not of Bot. Mag\

^V. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. n. 574 ; Ci>lo7iial Cliurcli Grant,
Preiss, n. GyJ ; Hanipden, Clarke ; Gordon aud Canning rivers, Oldfield.

20. I. crithmifolius, F. Muell. Fraijm. vi. 239. Very closely al-
lied to I.J'ormo.-<ns, and j)erhaps one of its numerous varieties, but the
leaves are, as in /. roscus, flattened thoug-h concave, once or twice ter-
nately divided into linear or linear-cuneate entire or 2- or 3-lobed seg"-
ments, sometimes very short but more frequently tlie petiole and the
dividcd portion each from | to 1 in. long". Cones and Howers entirely
of I. JhriiiD^iis.

W. Australia. Swan rivcv, Drummond, \st coJl. n. 5C3 (wiih narrow ]caf-.seg-
ments), /. *S'. Roe (with short broad leaf-segnients). Druinmond's spcimens are re-
fcrrcd by Meissner to /. rcseus, he having inadvertently, as pointed out by F. Mueller,
ovcrloukcd tlu; scctional ditfi-rcncc in the structure of thc cones.

Isopor/on.] nV. PROTEACEiE. 349

27. I. formosus, 7?. Br. in Trana. Linn. Soc. x. 72, Prod. .300. A
shrub low and busliy, or ereot less brojiclied and attaining- 4 to G ft.,
tlie young- slioots sometimes densely villous witb soft spreadinp- liairs,
tbe adult foliaue usually g-bibrous, tbe ])rancbes more or less tomentose.
Leaves ratber crowded, ouce, twice or tbree times ternately divided into
narrow seg-ments, terete or g-rooved, sometimes sbort divaricate rig-id
and pung-ent-pointed, sometimes long-er more erect and acute onlv, tlie
wbole leaf rarely above 2 in. long-. Cones terminal or rarely in tbe
upper axils, sessile, g-lobubir or at leng-tb ovoid, | to | in. diameter
•without tbe periantbs, usually very villous. Outer bracts lanceobite or
ovate-bmceobite, not exceecbng- tlie scales. Cone-scaU^s cuneate, vcry
villous outside, scarcely mucronate, closely imbricate after flowering-.
Periantb red, g-labrous, but witli small terminal tufts of bairs, alKHitf
in. long-. Style-end narrow-cbivate, contracted into a sbort neck below
tbe pubescent bulbous base of tbe brusb. Receptacle oblong-, | to
uearly 1 in. long-. — Bot. Reg-. t. 1288 ; Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. ijOG,
ii. 247, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 278 ; F. MuelL Frag-m. vi. 240.

W. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, very freqnent, R.
Brou-n, A. Ciainivgham, Drummond,n. 182, 185, coll. 2, n. 295, coll. 3, n. 247; Freiss,
n. 683, 6S7, and niany others, extending to Vasse river, Oldfield, and eastwarJ to
Cape Arid, Maxwdl, llie latter witli rather smaller coiies in tlie upper axils.

28. I. divergens, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 7. A g-bibvous sbrub, eitber
spreading- and 1 to l^- ft. big-b, or more busby and attaining- 8 or 4 ft.
Leaves once or twice pinnately divided into ratber slender tliousii rio-id
terete seg-ments, obtuse or mucronate, erect or spreading-, tlie wbole
leaf rarely under JJ in. and often above 4 in. long-. Cones terminal
ovoid, conspicuous for tbeir long- purple iiowers, but tlie cones tbemselves
never mucb above | in. diameter and f in. long-. Outer bracts few and
sbort. Cone-scales broadly cuneate, villous outside, tbe broad ends
becoming- edabrous in tbe old cones and closely imbricate, Perianth
fully 1 in. long- wben well developed, sborter in a few specimens, g-la-
brous except small terminal tufts. Style-end cbivate, minutely but
densely pubescent, separated by a sHg-bt constriction from tbe broadly
bulbous base of tbe brusb wbich is prominently ribbed and nearlv gla-
brous. Receptacle oblong--cvlindricab — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 50o,
and in DC. Prod. xiv. 277 ; F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 241.

^V. Australia. Swan river, Fraser, Drummond, Ist coll. n. 560, 573, Prciss, n.
667 ; Culjong, Murchison river, Oldfield.

29. I. scabriusculus, Mcissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 270. A mucli-
branched rigid sbrub, glabrous except tbe cones or tbe brancbes mi-
nutely pubescent. Leaves linear, terete or somewhat Hattened and
g-rooved or concave, mucronate, tbick, undivided or very rarely sbortly
forked, 3 to G in. long-. Cones g-lobular or at leng-tli shortly ovoid,
about \ in. diameter, terminal or rarely also in tbe upper axils. Outer
bracts broad, closely imbricate, tomentose outside, persistent and often
hardening- after flowering*, passing- into tbe scales wbicb are narrower,
very densely villous outside and mostly witb minute g-labrous tips.

350 civ. PROTEACE^. [isopogon.

Perianth rather above ^ in. long-, g-labrous or minutely pubescent be-
sides the small tutts of hairs at the tips of the laminae. Style-end
slightly chivate, minutely i)apillo.se-pul)escent, separated by a slig-ht
coustriction from the pubeseent slightly bulbous base of the nearly
glabrous brush, Receptacle ovoid-conical. — F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 240.
W. Australia. Drummond, ^th coll. n. 263. This species is in mau)' respecta
allied to /. DrummontUi, but the leiivus are le.^s terete, the periauth louger and more
glabruus, although the cones themselves are smaller.

3. ADENANTHOS, Labill.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth regular or nearly so, the tube
slender, usuallv splitting- more or less on the lower side ; laminee equal,
the perianth usually falling- otf entire, leaving- a very short persistent
annular base. Anthers all perfect and free or the lower one linear and
sterile, sessile within the segments of the luiab, the connective tipped
Avith a small appendage. Hypog-ynous scales or g-lands 4, often shortly
adnate at the base to the persistent perianth-ring- but protruding- beyond
it. Ovary sessile, with a sing-le laterally attached amphitropous ovule.
Style elongated, usually arched and protruding- above tlie middle from
the slit of the perianth-tube before the end is set free by the opening-
of the limb, linally erect and long-er than the perianth, usually attenuate
below the end, which is more or less thickened or dilated elliptical or
linear, with a stigmatic slit descending- from the apex to tlie middle or
nearly to the base of the lower side. Fruit a small oblong- or rarely
ovoid obtuse indehiscent nut (or drupe ?) with a single erect seed. —
Shrubs sometimes almost gTowing" into small trees, sometimes low and
prostrate, often silky-villous. Leaves entire or divided, often rather
small and crowded, ilat or terete, rarely rigid and pung-ent-pointed.
Flowers red or greenish, terminal or axillary, each flower sessile within
a short involucre of 4 to 8, usually 6, imbricate bracts, the inner ones
the long-est, the involucres solitary or in clusters of 3 or 4, shortly pe-
dunculate or nearly sessile. Perianth usually pubescent or villous out-
side, the laminee bearded inside behind the anthers or in a few species
almost beardless. Torus with a tuft of hairs round the ovary within
the g-lands.

The genus is limited to Western cxtratropical Australia, and is not closely allied to
any oiher orre hitherto known, although with the inflorescence of the uniflorous species
of Lambertia.

Skct. 1. Eurylsema. — Perianthtule ohliijucly dilaled and recurved ahove the
middle. Loirer anther linear aud sterile. Styleend ovate or elUptical. Ltaves flat,
entire.. Lluictrs axillary.

Leaves elliptical, oblomj, or lanceoLito, f to 2 in. long .... 1. ^. harhigera.
Leaves obovate, 4 to | in. long 2. A. obovuta.

Sect. 2. Stenolaema. — Perianth-tuhe nearly straight, not enlarged ahove the
middle. Anthers allfoarperfect. Style end slightly thickened.

Flowers axillary. Young shoots hoary-tomentose.

Leaves flat, cuneate, toothed at the broad end 3. A. cuneata.

Adenanthos.] civ. puoteace.e. . 351

Leaves divided into narrow lincar, obtuso, ilat, or concave seg-

mcnts . . 4. A. Cimnvighainii.

Lcavcs torctc, rigid, pungcnt-poiiifed, onlirc, bilid or Irilid . 5. A. puiKjens.
Flowcrs terniiiial. i>eavcs entiro.

Leaves sessilc, obovate or broadly elliptical, ^ to f in. long . 6. A. veiiosa.
Leaves petiniate, oblong-linearor sp.uluilate, imder 4 in- long 7. A. Dobs mi.

Leaves narrow-lincar, 4 to H in long 8. A. Unearis.

Floweis terminal. Lcavcs dividcd iiito narrow terctc, nnt pun-
gcnt seuments, usually crowdcd, at lcast roiind tlie tlowers.
Laiiiiiin? of tlic pcriantli dcnsely bcardeil inside beliind tlie
anthers. Sluubs usiially tidl and erect.
Leavcs not very dissimilar. Periautli fully 1 in. long.

Perianth silky-villous outside 9. ^. seri'-ea.

Perianth spariugly glandnlar-pubescont outside . . .10. A. Meissncri.
Floral leaves usually twice as loug as those on the branches,
all tililnnii. Pcvianth f in. long, the tube ncarly gla-

brou^, the lanu'n;ie haiiy 11. A. fiVifoUa.

Laminw of the periaiith glabrous iuside, or with few hairs be-
hind the anth rs. Shrubs usiially proounibent.
Perianth 1 in long, sparingly glandular pnbesccnt . . .10. A. Meissneri.
Pciianth I in. long, piibesoent or villous. Stemdeaves

sh.irt and appressed; floial ones twice as long . . . .12. A.terminaUs.
Perianth | in long, villous, the laminpe yellow-plumose.

Leavcs very silky _ . . ._ 13. A. fiavidifiora.

Perianth \ in. long, villous with short hairs. Leaves very

fine, the fioial ones much longer than the others . . .14. A. apicidala.

Sect. 1. EuRYL^MA. — Periantli-tube very obliquelj dilated and
recurved above tlie middle. Lower anther (on the back of the stvle)
linear and sterile. Style-end ovate or elliptical, compressed, the stio--
matic slit descending- along- the centre of the upper face. Leaves flat,
entire. Flowers axiHarv.

1. A. barbigera, Lindl. Smm liiv. App. 36. Stems erect, nearly
simple and 1 to 2 ft. hig-h, or with several erect virgate branches and
attaining- 3 or 4 ft., tomentose-pubescent and hirsute with long- fine
hairs, the adult foliage often g'labrous. Leaves from eniptical-oblong*
and under 1 in. to hinceohite and 2 in. or linear-lanceohxte and nearly
3 in. long-, obtuse or with a callous point, contracted into a very short
petiole, prominently veined, the primary veins few and almost long-i-
tudinal. Peduncles solitary in the axils, 1 to 3 lines long-. Bracts
hmceohxte, acute, villous, the inner ones often ^ in. long\ Perianth
villous with fine hairs, rather above 1 in. long-, the tube dilated and re-
curved above the middle, the short laminte long'-cohering', the 3 upper
segments ultimately separating to about ^ of the perianth, each with a
perfect anther in the lamina, the lower seg-ment with a sterile anther
and separating- lower down. Style g-labrous or sparing-ly bearded Avith
fine hairs, the dilated end elliptical, compressed but thick, the stig-matic
slit descending" to about half way down tlie inner face and bordered l)v
slig-htlv raised margins. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 510 and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 311.

\V. Australia. Swan rivcr, Drummond, Ist coll. n. 591, Preiss, n. 792 ; Harvey ;
Gordon and Harvey rivcrs, Oldfield.

352 civ. PROTEACEiE. [Adenantkos.

?. A. obovata, Luhill. PI. yov. IIoII. i. i?0, t. 37. A shrub of 3 or
4 ft. with erect virg-atc branches, g-hibrous or minutelj hoarv-pubesceut
■when voun"". Leaves rather crowded, entire, obovate, obtuse or with
a calhnis point, coutracted at the base but usually sessile, ^ to f in.
lon<>-, obscurely :3-nerved, the nerves converging- at the apex and usually
visible only on the under side. Pe(hincles axillary, solitary, 1 to '2
lines long-." Inner bracts '2 to 3 lines loug- and almost acute, outer ones
short and obtuse. Perianth about 1 in. loug-, silky-pubescent or villous,
the tube dilated above the middle, then recurved and constricted at the
base of the laminte. Lower anther linear and sterile. Style bearded
with few hairs, the dilated end broadly elliptical, compressed but thick,
the stigmatic slit descending- about half way down the upper face and
bordered by raised marg-ins. Fruit oblong-, obtuse, about 3 lines long-,
g-labrous or neurly so. — R. Br. in Traus. Linn. Soc. x. 151 ; Prod. 367 ;
Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 511, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 311.

W. Australia. King fieorge's Sound and neighboiiring districts, LabiUardiere,
B. BrowH, A. Cunnhigham, and niany others ; Blackwood river, Oldfitld; Swau river?
Drummond, \st coll. n. 592 ; near Guildford, Freiss, n. 790.

Sect. 2. Stexol^ma. — Perianth-tube nearly straight, not enlarg-ed
above the middle. Authers all four perfect. Style-end sliglitly
thickened, not compressed, the stig-matic slit or line descending- down
the upper side.

Jleissner describes one anther as abortive in A. ciineafa and in A. 3Ieissneri, which
mnst liave been accid-ntal in the flowers esamined. I have found all four perfect in all
the buds I opencJ in bolh species as in all others of this section.

3. A. cuneata, Lahill. Pl. Nov. Iloll. i. 28, t. 30. A shrub of 3 to
0 ft., the brauches and foliag-e silky-tomentose. Leaves cuneate, the
broad end truncate, with 3 to ? obtuse crenatures, contracted at the
base into a short petiole, the whole leaf f to 1 in. loug-, rather thick,
veinless or obscurely 3- or 5-nerved. Peduncles solitar}' in the axils,
slender, often longer than the petioles. Bracts acute, the inner ones
enlarg-ed to 3 lines long- under the fruit. Perianth about 1 in. long",
silkv-pubescent, the tube slender and straight or slig-htly enlarg-ed be-
low the middle after llowering-, the lamiu.e bearded inside behind the
anthers which are all perfect. Style-end scarcely thickened. Fruit
oblong-, about \ in. long-. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 152 ; Prod.
36r ; Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 511, ii. 247 aud iu DC. Prod. xiv. 312;
A. fiahcIUfoUa, Knig-ht, Prot. ^(S ; .1. crcnata, "Willd. in Sjireng'. Syst. i.
472.

^V. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, Lahillardiere, II.
Broiri,, }Jniii)ii)"ii(I, Zrd call. v. 245, Preiss, n. 793, and otliers; eastward to Pbiilip's
river aud Ejrt^s rnliif, MaxueU.

4. A. Cunninghamii, Mci.-<.vi. in Pl. Pirixs. i. 513, ««^7 in DC. Prod.
xiv. 313. A tall orect shrub, tlie branches and foliag"e tomentose and
often sprinkled with a few fine spreading- hairs, the older leaves less
tomentose but hoary. Leaves crowded, once or twice trifid or pinnate

Adenanthos.] Civ. proteace^. 353

with few ratlier long- linear seg-ments, narrow but flat or concave and
mostly obtuse, the whole leaf 1 to 2 in. long- inchiding- the short petiole.
Invohiores sohtary in the axils, on peduncles of 2 to 3 Unes. Bracts
acute, silky-hairy, the inner ones 2 hnes long\ Perianth about 1 in.
long-, silky-villous, the tube straig-ht. Anthers all perfect. Stjle-end
slender.

W. Australia. King Guorge's Soiind, Fra<icr ; iii tlie interior, Pyeiss, n. 2621
{Meissner). 1 have not seen Preiss's i^pecimen ; all others, wiiich I have seen in difFe-
rent coUections, appeur to have originated in a shrub raised in the Sjdney Botauic
Garden froia Fraser's seeds.

5. A. pungens, Mcissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 515, ii. 248, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 318. A rig-id bushy or spreading- shrub, the young- shoots hoary-
tomentose, the adult fohag-e glabrous. Leaves terete, slig-htly g-rooved
above, entire or divaricately bilid or trifid above the middle, rather
thick, rig-id and pung-ent-pointed, f to IJ in. long-. Involucres soHtary
in the upper axils, sometimes rather crowded towards the ends of the
branches, on peduncles of 1 to 2 lines. Bracts softly silky-villous, the
inner ones about \h Hnes long-. Perianth rather under 1 in. long', silky-
viHous. Anthers all perfect. Style sHghtly hairy, the end scarcely
thickened. Fruit oblong-, 2 to 3 Hnes long-. — A. urmata, Meissn. in DC.
Prod. xiv. 313.

W. Australia, Drummond, 3rd coll. n. 256 (with the leaves niostly, but not all,
tindivided), ath coll. n. 400 (with the leaves mostlj, but not all, 3-fid) ; in the interior,
Preiss, n. 671 {3Ieissner). Meis<ner distinguishes A. armata from the divided-leaved
specimens oi A. punyens, by the leaves divided tn below the middle and by tlie laminae
of the perianth-segments longer in proportion, neither of which characters holds good in
our specimens, all from Drummond ; I have not seen Preiss's.

6. A. venosa, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 311. A bushy shrub of 3
or 4 ft., the branches and young- shoots softly and often densely viHous,
the older foHage nearly glabrous. Leaves crowded under the flowers,
more distant along the branches, sessile, entire, obovate or broadly
eUiptical, shortly acuminate or miicronate-acute, narrowed at the base,
often ciHate on the margins, | to f in. long-, often coriaceous, more or
less prominently marked with ahnost longitudinal veins, the floral ones
often rather harg-er than those below them. InvoHicres in terminal
clusters or umbels of 3 to G, rarely soHtary, on short peduncles ; bracts
4 to 6. Perianth about 1 in. long-, slender, glandular-hirsute. Anthers
all perfect. Style-end scarcely thickened.

\ir. Australia, Drummond, Ath coll. n. 264; ia the interior from Cape Le Grand
and summit of VV. Mount Barren, 3Iaxwell.

7. A. Dobsoni, F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 204. A prostrate much-
branched shrub, spreading to 1 or 2 ft. diameter, the young- shoots
silky-hairy, the older foHag-e glabrous. Leaves entire, oblong--Hnear
or spathuhite, mostly under | in. long, very obtuse, narrowed into a
distinct petiole. InvoHicres terminal, soHtary, on very short peduncles ;
bracts obtuse, the inner ones about 1| Hnes long, Perianth slender,

VOL. V. A A

054 civ. PHOTEACEJE. [Adcnanthos.

8 to 9 lines long-, silky-pubcscent. Antliers all perfect. Style-end
scarcely tliickened.
W. Australia. Puint Malcolni, Maxwell.

8. A. linearis, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 311. Apparently procum-
l)ent, witli slender branching- steras of above 1 ft., tlie young- shoots
silky-pubescent and hirsute with long- fine hairs, the older foHage g-ha-
hrous. Leaves entire, narrow-linear, obtuse, attenuate at the base,
rather thick but flat, h to 1| in. long-. Involucres solitary or 2 or 3 to-
g-ether at the ends of the branches, on peduncles of about 1 line ; inner
bracts nearly 2 Knes long-. Perianth 6 to 7 lines long-, softly hairy.
Anthers all perfect. Style sparing-ly bearded, the end narrow-obloug-.

TV. Australia, Drummond, 4th coll. n. 265.

9. A. sericea, LaMll. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 29. t. 38. A tall shrub or
small trce of 10 to 20 ft., the branches and foliag-e softly silky-pubes-
cent or villous with soft appressed or long-er or spreading- hairs. Leaves
crowded, very shortly petiolate, twice ternatel}' or pinnately divided
into linear-terete alniost filiform segments, often ending- in small gla-
brous gland-like tips and sometimes the lower seg-ments short, as if
mutilated, with dihited almost peltate g-land-Hke tips, the whole leaf 1
to l^ in. long-, the floral ones often rather longer than the others. In-
volucres terminal, solitary or rarely 2 or 3 tog-ether, almost concealed
by the foliage, on peduncles of about 1 line, the bracts silky-pubescent,
the inner ones 2 lines long-. Perianth above 1 in. long-, silky-villous,
slender, the laminee densel}' bearded inside behind the anthers which
are all pevfect. Style glabrous, the end slig-htly thickened. — R. Br. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 152, Prod. 367 5 Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 513, ii.
248, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 312 ; A. apiculuta, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i.
614, and in DC. l.c. 313, not of R. Br.

^V. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoini' g districts, Lahillardiere, R.
Broicn, and niany others, aiid tlicnce towards Swan river, Druinmond, l.vf coll. Zrd
coll. n. 255, Preiss, n. 787, 788, and others, and eastward to Cape Arid, Mu.vivell.

The specimens of Drumninnd's and Preiss's relcrred by Meissner to A. apiculata
appear to nie to be undisiinguisiiable irom tlie comnion A. sericea, except jieriiaps in
the 7atlier more rigid ioliage witii more spreading hairs, but even this distinction is
veiy incoMStant. I havc not secn in anj' cf tliem tlie truly lateral gland at the ends of
the leaf-segments as in the true A. ajnculata, Br. {A. p>rocu)nhens, Meissn.).

Var. ? brevifolia. Lcavcs ratlier sliorter bnt sillvv-villous and the perianth-laminae
dcnscly boaidcd iuside as in the typical A. sericea. — A. barlata, F. Muell. Ilerb.

S. Australia. Kangaroo Island, P. Mueller, Waterhovse.

The four following species may perhaps hereafter prove to be varieties on]yof^4.
aericea.

10. A. Meissneri, L^chm. PL Prciss. i. 512, ii. 248. A procumbent
or irreguhirly spreading- shrub of 3 or 4 ft., the branclies pubescent or
villous, the foliag-e hirsute pubescent or ahnost g'hibrous. Leaves
mostly twice trifid but varying- either more divided or less so, with
terete rather rig-id seg'ments, more spreading- than in A. sericea and

Adcnajithos.] civ. proteace.e. 355

mostly sliort,tlie whole leaf often scarcely above l- in. long", tliose clustored
round tlie ilowers however usually twice as loufi- and often plumose at
the base. Involucres terminal, usually 3 or 4 to<i-ether. Perianth f
to 1 in. lonji-, <i'landular-pubescent and not silky, the laminw with few
hairs inside behind the anthers which are all perfect. — Meissn. iu DC,
Prod. xiv. 312.

^V. Australia, Drummond, Ind coll. n. 301, Preisx, n. 791 ; Point d'Entre-
casteaiix, M'a'co't ; Cape Lescheiiault and near Bunbiiry, Ohlfield.

Var. velutina. Softly and densely villnus, leuves ratlier longer and the laminae of
the perianth more beanled inside, showing an approach to A. sericea, bnt the perianth
glandular-piibescent only outside as in tlie typical A. Mei.^sneri. — A. velutina, Meissn.
in DC. Prod. xiv. 312. — W. Australia, Drummond, 4th coll. n. 266.

11. A. filifolia, Benth. A shrub of 5 or 6 ft. with pubescent branches.
Leaves g"labrous or nearly so, twice or even tlirice pinnately divided
into filiibrm seg-ments, those of the stem-leaves sliort, those of the iloral
leaves much longer and slig-htl}' plumose at tlie base, the wliole leaf
on the branches not above J in. long-, round the ilowers f to 1 in., all
g'landular at the point. Involucres terminal, solitary or 2 or 3 tog-ether.
Perianth fully f in. long-, the tube somewhat ang-ular, glabrous or
slig"htly hairy in the upper part, tlie lamiuiP darker coloured, hairy out-
side, bearded inside beliiud the anthers which are all perfect.

W. Australia. Stirling Eange, i^. 3/weZZer ; Kqjonerup hills, JS/axjueZZ.
Var. sericifolia. Leaves silky-pubescent. — AV. Australia, Drummoiid, n. 69.

12. A. terminalis, F. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 152, Prod. 367.
A procumbent shrub, extending- to 3 or 4 ft., tomentose-pubescent and
more or less sprinkled with fine spreading- hairs. Leaves divided into
3 to 7 linear-terete seg'ments, those along- the branches usually ap-
pressed and 3 to 5 lines long-, tliose around the ilowers crowded and
twice as long-. Involucres terminal, solitary or 2 or 3 tog'ether, the
inner floral leaves less divided with a dilated ciliate petiole, or even re-
duced to a simple filiform leaf. Bracts plumose at the base. Periantli
about f in. long-, hirsute outside. Anthers all perfect, with very few
hairs on the perianth-lamince behind them. Stvle-end slender. — Meissn.
in DC. Prod. xiv. 313 j Endl. Iconog-r. t. IIU.

Victoria. Wimmera, Dallachy ; N.W. districts, L. Morton.

S. Australia. Poit Liiicoln, R. Broicn ; Onk;iparinga and Encounter Bay, F.
Mueller ; Penohi, Woods ; Kangaroo IsUmd, i^. J/we/Zer.

Preiss's West Australian specimens here iucluded by Meissner are probably referrible
to some of the varieties of ^4. sericea. The only ones I have seen are in leaf only.

13. A. flavidiflora, F. Muell. Frafjm. i. 157. A procumbent much
branched shrub, tlie branches and foliag-e silvery-tomentose and more
or less hirsute with spreading- hairs. Leaves divided into 3 to 7 linear-
terete obtuse seg-ments without terminal g-lands, those along- the
branches \ to nearly ^ in. long", those crowded round tlie flowers nearly
I in. Involucres terminal, solitary or clustered, on ver^^short pedicels,
the bracts silkv-hairy. Perianth f in. long-, villous outside, tlie laminoe

.4 A 2

350 civ. rROTEACE^. [Adenanthos.

densely plumose outside with yellow liairs, g-labrous inside or nearly so.
Anthers all perfect. 8tyle-end narrow..

W. Australia. North of Stirling Range, F. Mudler ; W. Mount Barren, Maxwell.

14. A. apiculata, /v". i?/-. Prot. Nov. 9, not of Mcissn. A procumbent
sbrub spreading- to 2 or 3 ft., the branches slender, silky-villous when
voun"-. Leaves divided into 3 to 5 filiform seg-ments usually with a
de])re^ssed hiteral g-land at the end, those of the branches often short
and nearly glabrous, the tioral leaves crowded, often 1 in. long-, and
ciliate with a few long- fine g-labrous hairs. Involucres 2 or more to-

fether in terminal clusters and nearly sessile, the bracts nearly giabrous.
'erianth not above ^ in. long-, villous with short spreading' hairs, the
lamina? g-hibrous inside or with very few hairs behind the anthers which
are all perfect. Style-end oblong-.— ^. procumhcns, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss.
i. 612, ii. 248, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 312; A. Drummondii, Meissn. in Pl.
Preiss. i. 514, aud in DC. Prod. xiv. 313.

W. Australia. King George's Sound or to tlie eastwarJ, Baxter, Preisit, n. o89 ;
towariLs Cape Jiithe, Uarvty ; between Swan river and King George's Sound, Drum-
mond, Ist coll. n. 593, 3>-</ cull. n. 253.

Independently of the fine nearly glabrous foliage and lateral glands (which arc not
quite constant), this speuies is readily distinguished from the fuur prccediug ones by the
short flowers.

4. STIRLINGIA, Endl.

(Simsia, R. Br. not of Pers.)

Flowers iiermaphrodite or male by abortion. Perianth reg-ular, the
tube cvlindrical, at length separating- into distinct seg-ments, recurved
above the middle. Antliers all ])erfect, erect on short thick fihiments
below the base of the laminiP, cohering- round the style when the fiower
first opens, at leng-th recurved with the ])erianth-segments, the cells of
each anther separated by a broad connective, and the two adjoining*
cells of two adjoining- anthers applied face to face in the bud so as to
form a sing'le cell. No hypog-yuous scales. Ovary sessile, with a single
anatropous ovule erect from the base ; style filiform with a terminal
obtuse or dilated and peltate stigma. Fruit a small dry iudehiscent
nut, usuallv broadly obovoid or obconical with a convex or nearly tiat
top, hirsute all over, the upper hairs usually long-er forming- a coma. —
Undershrubs or shrubs usually glabrous, branching' and leafy at tlie
base. Leaves dichotomous or rarely trifid only. Peduncles terminal,
leafless, long- and sim])le or more or less branched and ]ianiculate.
Flowers small, in globular s])ikes or heads terminating- the branches of
the ptmicle, each fiower sessile within a small bract, the rhachis or re-
ceptacle cylindrical ovoid or short, usually villous.

The genus is limited to extratropical AV. Australia. By the curious conforaiation of
the antiiers it connects the Proteea with the Conosjiemiecc.
Leaf-segments terete, filiform or rigid.

Bracts narrow, from half as long to nearly as long as the pe-
rianth-tube. Peduncles singleheaded or rareiy dividcd into
2 or 3 bingle-headed branches.
Peduncles soiita'y or few, 1 to l^ ft. long 1. S. simplex.

Stirlingia.] CIV. PROTEACE.E. 357

Peduncles usually severnl, 2 to 4 in. l(ing 2. <S. abrotanoides.

Bracts broad, eiliate, imbricate in tlie young spike, as long as

the perianth-tube. Panicle lonse 3. iS'. teretifolia.

Bracts minute, broad. Panicle loose or many-headed .... 4. /S'. tenuifoUa.
Leaf-segments tiat, liiiear to oblnng-lanceolate. Panicles much-

branchcd, tlie ultimate peduncles short b. S. lalifolia.

1. S. simplex, Lindl. Swan Ikiv. App. 30. Leafy stems sliort
Leaves several times di- or tri-cliotomoiis, with slender filiform seg"
ments, exceeding'ly fine and erect when young-, but at leng-th more rig-io
and spreading-, the whole leaf 1 to 2 in. diameter on a petiole of 2 to 6
in. Peduncles simple or witli one or two hranches near the base, 1 to
1|- ft. long", bearing- a sing-le spike of numerous flowers condensed into
a globular head of ^ to f in. diameter. Bracts very small, lanceolate,
acuminate, the inner ones almost subulate. Perianth about 4 lines long',
the himinffi but little more than 1 line. Stigma not so broad as in some
species. — Meissn. in PL Preiss. i. 516, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 326 ; S.
capillifolia, Meissn. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 70, and in DC. l.c. (some
specimens of the hatter with the long- peduncle rather more branched).

^V. Australia. Swan river, Druinmond, l-it coll. n. 586, Preiss, n. 112 ; between
Moore and Murchison rivers, Drummond, 6th coll. n. 173.

2. S. abrotanoides, Mcissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 517, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 326. Stems rather slender, leafy to the inflorescence, simple or
branched, aliout 1 ft. higli. Leaves smaller and less divided than in
the other species, on short petioles, the segments terete, slender, erect,
the whole leaf rarely exceeding- 1 in. Peduncles terminal and in the
upper axils, sing-le-headed but often numerous, 2 to 4 in. long*. Flowers
rather numerous in the spike or head. Bracts lanceohite, acuminate, at
least half as long- as the perianth-tube.

IV. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll. n. 587, Preiss, n. 2622 ; Cabin-
ynng, Oldfield (in a very iniperfect state). The above character is taken from Drum-
mond's specimens quoted by IMeissner, in which the bracts are certaiuly nariow.
Meissner describes them as ovate and minute, probably from Preiss's specimen which I
have not seen. There may be therefore some doiibt as to the identity of the two, at
least as varieties.

3. S. teretifolia, Mcissn. in Pl. Prciss. i. 515, and in DC. Prod. xiv.
325. Stems erect or ascending-, branching- and leafy at the base. Leaves
dichotomous, with rather rigid erect terete seg-ments, the divided part
of the leaf 1 to 2 in. long-, on a petiole about as long-. Spikes or heads
g-lobular, not J in. diameter, in a loose but rather rigid panicle, the ul-
timate peduncles often several in. long- and always long-er than the spike.
Flowers rather numerous. Rhachis ovoid, villous. Bracts ovate, rigid,
often cihohite, as long- as the perianth-tube and a few of the outer ones
empty or with sterile flowers, forming- an involucre under the expanded
spike. Perianth about 2 lines long-, the tube scarcely longer than the
lamince. Stig-ma slightly peltate. Summit of tlie nut convex, with
silvery shining- hairs. — S. aj/inis, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 516, and in
DC. l.c.

W. Australia. King Georgc-'s Sound or to the eastward, .Ea.jfer, Drummond,
Ath coll. n. 267, Pre'ss ,n. 770.

368 civ. PROTEACEiE. [Stirluiffia.

4. S. tenuifolia, F/idl. Gen. Pl. Siippl. iv. 81. Leaves on ratlier
long- pctioles, crowded at the base of the plant, or on a more or less
elongated leafy stem, repeatedly dicliotomous. the segments terete, di-
varicate, very"^fine in the typical tbrm, sometimes all under \ in. long-,
more frequently about h in. or longer. Panicle leailess, sometimes few-
headed and scarcely excceding- the leaves, more frequently rather loose
and 0 in. to 1 ft. long-. Spikes or heads on slender peduncles, rather
small. Flowers pale yellow^, 8 to 20 in the spike. Bracts very small,
ovate, acute. Perianth 2 to 2| Hnes long-, constricted under the limb.
Stig-ma capitate or slightly peltate. Nuts densely comose. — Meissn. in
DC. Prod. xiv. 320 ; "Sinma tcnnifulia, R. Br, in Trans, Linn, Soc, x.
152, Prod. 808; Sfirlinffia aiicthifolia/lLndl. IconoaT. t. 23, Meissn. in
Pl. Preiss. i. 510, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 320.

W. Australia. Kins George's Soun<l and ad'oining cHstrirts, B. Broirn, Harvey,
Drummond Ath coll. n. 26S, Frtiss, n. 771, Oldfiih/, F. Mueller ; Mount jMelville, F.
Mueller (sniall specimens not above 6 in. higii aud floweriiig the first year so as to
apjjcar annual).

Var. anethifolia. Leaves more rigid, panicle of fewer spikes on shorter peduncles,
but the bracts not perceptibly difTerent. — Siinsia anethifolia, E. Br., in Trans. Linii.
Soc. X. 153, Prod. 3G8 ; Stirlingia intricata, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 325. — Towards
Cape Riche, Baxter, Harvey, Drummond, Ath coll. n. 269 ; Lucky Bay, B. Brown ;
thence to Cape Aiid, Maxwell.

5. S. latifolia, Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. An undershrub, the leafy
stems rarely 1 ft. hig-h, simple or branching-, the leatless peduncle in-
chidinii- the panicle 1 to 1| ft. long-. Leaves once or twice bifid or trifid,
with fiat rigid vertical seg-ments, broadly linear or narrow-lanceolate
ancl 2 to 4 in. long- in the typical specimens, the whole leaf then 0 in.
to 1 ft. long', narrow-linear and 1 to 2 in. long* in some Swan River
specimens, cuneate-oblong" 2 to 4 in. long- and -| to 1 in. broad in others,
all with a small callous point but rounded at the end when broad.
Panicle oblong-, usually much branched, with minute bracts under the
branches. Spikes or heads g'lobuhir, very numerous, on peduncles of
1 to 3 Hnes. Bracts very short, broad, truncate. Perianth varying- in
different specimens from scarcely 2 lines to fully 3 lines long-, " of a
ffreenish yellow, reddish at the base." Stig'ma broadly peltate, undu-
late. Nut broadly turbinate, densely comose. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss.
i. 517, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 320; Simsia latiJhUu, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 9;
Stirlirif/ia paniculata, LindL Swan Riv. App. 30 ; Meissn. 11. cc.

VT. Australia. King George's Sound, Baxtpr, Preisn, n. 769, F. Mueller, and
others, and tlience to Swan river, Drummond, \st coll., Preiss, n. 767, Oldjield; Mur-
chison river, Oldfield.

The species is very vaiiable as to ramification, the size and breadth of the leaf-
segments and the size of tlie fli)W(!rs ; thc extreme iorms I have scen are represented by
Preiss's, n. 7G7, froni Swan river, witli ratlier small lineardobed ieaves and smail
flowers, and by I)rummond"s frcmi tlie same Ircality, with large broad-Iobed leaves and
large flowers ; the typical King George's Sonnd specimens "are inteimediate between
tho two, perhaps nearer to the JMtter than to the fornier, and there are many inter-
mediates. In several flowers I observed the ovary abortive, with a short style and no
stigmatic dilatation.

Sijnaphea.] civ. proteace.e. 359

Tribe 2. CoNOSPERME^. — Antliers : one with 2 perfect cells, two
with 1 perfect and 1 abortive cell, the fourth abortive, the perfect cells
broad, concave, erect, without any connective, the adjoining- ones of
distinct anthers applied face to face, so as to form in tlie bud one cell ;
all on very short thick fihiments at the base of the laminse or summit
of the perianth-tube. Ovule 1. Fruit a dry nut.

5. SYNAPHEA, R. Br.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth oblique or incurved, the tube
short, the seg-ments separating-, the upper one with an erect ovate or
oblong- lamina, the three others usually shorter and more spreading-.
Stamens inserted at the base of the laminte, the filaments short and
thick. Anthers of the lowest stamen with two distinct cells, of the lateral
stamens with one cell each, the cells concave, each one of the lateral
anthers when in bud facing- the adjoining- one of the lower anthers and
forming- but one cell with it, but separating- as the flower opens ; the
upper anther abortive and replaced by a small membrane connecting
the fllament with the posterior marg-in of tlie stigma. Ovary 1-ceIIed,
crowned b}' a tuft of g-land-Iike hairs, with one laterally attached ovule.
Style filiform, dilated at tlie end into an oblique disk, stigmatic on its
upper surface wliich is turned towards the upper perianth-Iobe and
retaiued in tliat position by the membrane connecting- it with the fila-
ment, the anterior marg-in of the disk often lobed or 2-horned. Fruit
a small indehiscent nut. — Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves all, or in
one species only the lower ones, on long- petioles with a sheathing
scale-like dilatation at tlie base, the lamina entire or divided, with
few primary veins, pitted all over by minute reticulations. Flowers
small, yellow, in spikes often at first dense at length elong-ated, each
one sessile within a small concave bract, the common peduncle simple
or branched, often very long-, inserted in the axil of a rather larg-e
sheathing- scale, being- the base of an abortive leaf.

The geiJiis is limited to extratropical West Australia, verj distinct as a wliole from
all others, but difticult as to the discrimiuation of species. With the exception of S.
poh/morpha aiid iS. pinnata, the foliage is ahiiost as variable in a single individual as
in the whole group of species, and tlie habit, infioresceiice, perianths, and stamens are
nearly uuiform ; tliere remains therelore, besides minor difterences in indumentuin and
the size of the flowers, very little of specific distinction except the modifications of the
stigma or stigmatic end of the stjle, and even these are sometimes not very well de-
fined.

Spikes simple, not exceeding the shortly petiohvte floral leaves . . 1. 8. pohjmorpha.
Leaves all on long petioles. Flowering branches long, leafless,
and usnally brauched.
Stigma 2-horned.

Base of the petioles hirsute. Spike pubescent. Leaves raostly

entire or sliortly lobed 2. S. dilatata.

Whole plant glabrous or the base of the petioles slightly silky.

Leaves except the lowest deeply lobed or divided . ... 3. S.favosa.
Stigma produced into a single oblong incurved entire or 2dobed

appendage. Leaves with long diverging lobes . . . . 4. S. Preissii.

3(50 civ. photeace.t:. [Sijnaphea.

Stigma prodiiced into a sliort brnad notclied or 2l(ibed nppcn-

da£^e. Leaf-lobesshort, divaricate, pungent-pointed. Flowers

gjjjall 5. S. acutiloba.

Stignia with 2 broad lateral lobes, sometimes shortiy conlluent.
Fiowers siiiall. Leaf-lobes long.

Glabrous or iiearly so • ^- S. petiolaris.

Base of the petiolc iiirsute and spike pube.scent as in S. dila-

tata 1. S. decorticans.

Stignia broad without lobes or appendages. Leaf-segments long,

diistiiict, aliuost pctiolulate 8. S.pimnata.

1. S. polymorpha, 7?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. loG, P>-od. 370.
Stems leitfy, 1 to 2 ft. high, rij^id, usually more or less silky especially
about the"^ base of the petioles, the adult foliag-e g-labrous. Lower
leaves on long petioles, entire or cuneatoly 3-lobed as in several of
the following species, but the upper ones numerous, shortly petiolate,
once or twice deeply divided into 2- or 3-lobed or toothed segments,
thc whole leaf spreading to 2 or 3 in. diameter, the lobes mostly pun-
gent-pointed, broad or narrow, the small reticulations less prominent
than in most species. Spikes simple, pubescent, rarely exceeding the
leaves. Perianth 2^ to 3 lines long. Stigma produced into an oblong
or linear entire or emarginate incurved appendag-e as in S. Freissii.
]\ut obovoid-oblong, shortly stipitate. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 529,
and in DC. Prod. xiv. 315 ; S. bracJ>>/sfachi/a, Lindl. Swan Riv. App.
32 ; Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 530, and in DC. l.c. 316.

W. Australia. King George'8 Soiind and adjoining districts, li. Brown and
many others, aiid frnm thence to Swan river, Bruiiinioiid, \st coll. >i. 590, Preiss, n.
774, 775, and others, aud to Murchison river, Oldjield; eastward to Cape Arid,
Maxwell.

2. S. dilatata, i?. Br. in Trans. Li)in. Soc. x. 156, Prod. 370, a7id
App. FUnd. Yoy. ii. 606, t. 7. Stems very sliort or decumbent and
lengthening out to 1 or even 1| ft., more or less clothed as well as the
petioles, at least when young, with long spreading hairs. Leaves all
on long petioles, from cuneate-oblong and entire to broadly cuneate
and once or twice 3-lobed or rarely irregularly pinnatifid, the himina
2 to 4 in. long-, usually 1- or 3-nerved when entire, the small reticula-
tions conspicuous. Spikes simple or branchcd, sometimes only 2 or 3
in., sometimes above 1 ft. long inchiding the peduncle, always more or
less silky-villous. Flowers at first dense, but remote wlien the rhachis
elongatcs. Bracts broad, 1 to li lines h)ng. Perianth pubescent, 3
to 4 Unes long. Ovtiry crowned by a tuft of thick transparent liairs.
Stigma anteriorly produced into 2 rather long erect horn-like appendages.
Nut small, oblong. — Meissn. in PL Preiss. i. 527, ii. 251, and in I)C.
Prod. xiv. 314 ; EndL Iconogr. t. 32 ; Conospcrmimi reticnlatu)n. Sm. in
Rees' CycL ix. ; Synaphca Drn))imondii, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 315.

VT. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, Menzies, Baxter,
Fraser, Vldfield, JJrummond, n.21, 2ndcoU. n. 303, drd coll. n. 259, Preiss, n.llZ, 776.

3. S. favosa, P. Br. in T>'ans. Linn. Soc. x. 156, Prod. 369. Stems
short or decumbent, the whole plant glabrous or with a short silky

Si/naphea.] civ. i-noTKACE/i:. 301

pubescence at the base of the petiolos and rarely a few short hairs on
the spike. Leaves on long- petioles, a few of the outer ones entire but
•mostly divided nearly to the base into 3 entire or 2- or 3-lobed seg-
ments, the whole leaf 3 to 10 in. long-, including- the petiole. Flower-
ing- stems lealless, slig-litly branched, long-er than the leaves, the Howers
rather numerous, and at length distant. Bracts small. Perianth 2
to 2J lines long-. Stigma 2-horned but the horns not so lono- as in
S. dUatata. Nut ovoid, contracted into a stipes nearly as long as itself. —
Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 251, and in DC. Prod. xiv, 314.

W. Australia. King George's Sonnd, R. Broion, Baxter, Drummond, 3rd coll.
n. 2.o8 ; heaths norlh of Albany, F. Mueller. Drummoncrs '2nd coll. n. 302, referred hy
Meissner to S. petiolaris, and Preiss, n. 780, referred to S. decorticans, have certainly,
in the specimens examined, the 2-horned stigma oi S. fanosa.

Var. divaricdta. Leaves shorter, twice or even three times divided into divaricate
lobes. Fiowering stems shorter and the fiowers ralher smaller than in tlie type. but in
the speciniens the infiorescence is not yet fnlly developed. The stignia is 2-horned as
in tho type. — Eyre's Kelief, Maxicell, and specimens iVora King George's Sound, Fraser,
are apparently the same, but not in fiower.

4. S. Preissii, Mdssn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 529, ii. 251, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 315. Stems short or decumbent, quite glabrous or the dilated
base of the petioles very shortly silky-pubescent. Leaves all on long-
petioles, the lower ones sometimes entire but mostly with long- divari-
cate lobes, the whole leaf sometimes 1 ft. long- and the lobes 2 or 3 in.,
obtuse or acute. Flowering- stems long and lealless, slig-htly branched,
g-labrous. Perianths usually about 2^ lines long-, tlie seg-ments rather
narrow. Stig-ma produced anteriorly into an oblong" truncate or emargi-
nate appendage, at least as long- as broad and incurved. Nut ovoid,
about 2 lines long-.

W. Australia. King George's SounJ, Preiss, n. 779, Drummond, 3rd coll. n. 257,
Harvey, Oldjield, Maxwell ; Blacliwood and Gordon rivers, Ohlfield.

5. S. acutiloba, 3feissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 528, and in DC. Prod. xiv.
315. Stems short or decumbent, quite glabrous. Leaves all on long
petioles, mostly once twice or thrice ternately divided into short divari-
cate unduhiting- mostly pungent-pointed lobes, the whole lamina 2 to 3
in. long- and broad or sometimes broader than long-. Plowers small as
in S. pctiolaris, but not so much incurved. Stigma produced anteriorly
into a short broad shortly 2-lobed appendag-e.

■W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. n. 589, Preiss, n. 111, 782.
Perhaps a variety of S. petiolaris.

6. S. petiolaris, R. Br. in Tra)is. lAnn. Soc. x. 156, Prod. 370.
Stems short or decumbent, g-hibrous or slig'htly silky about the petioles
and sometimes a few short hairs on the spikes. Leaves all on long;
petioles, mostly once or twice or even three times divided into spreading'
lobes, long- and narrow when few, shorter when more divided, obtuse
or with short points, tlie whole leaf including- the petiole from a few
in. to above 1 ft. long-, the lowest leaves as in the allied species usually
entire. Flowering- stems long- and leaHess, usually branched, the Howers

362 CIV. PROTKACEiE. [Sijnaphca.

small and distant. Perianth niore inciirvcd tlian in otlier species, not
exceeding- 2 lines, Stig-ma anteriorly produced on each side into a
broad semicircular auricle or short hroad lobe. Nut ovoid, about 2 Hnes
long-. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 528, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 315,

MT, Australia, King George's Sound aiid adjoining districts, R. Brown, Baxter,
A. Cunningham, Preiss, n. 781, Drummond, Oldjidd, F. Mueller.

Var. gracillima. Leafsegnients l^ng and narrow. Flowers very small and more
curved in slender spikes — 8. gracillima, Liiidl. Swan Riv. App 32; Meissn. in DCJ.
Prod. xiv. 315. — Swan river, JJrummond, \st coU. n. 588, and a still more slender elon-
gated form, Murchison river, Oldfield.

7. S. decorticans, Lindl. S/ran Biv. App. 32. Stems short or de-
cumbent, liirsute as well as the petioles with spreading- hairs as in
S. dilatata, or rarelj nearly g-labrous. Leaves also as in that species
cuneate, undulate, once or twice 3-lobed at the end, 3 to 4 in. long*
including- tlie petioles. Flowering- ])ranches long- and slender, perianths
scarcely 2 lines long- and stigma with sliort hiteral rounded lobes as in
S. pctialari.^, without the horns of S. dilutata. — ^leissn. in DC. Prod,
xiv. 314, parth'.

TV. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll.

8, S. pinnata, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 32. Leafy stems in our speci-
mens excecdingiy short or scarcely any, the whole plant quite giabrous
and somewhat giaucous or the spike sligiitly pubescent. Leaves
radical, on long- petioles, divided at the end into 3 digitate segments, or
rarefy pinnate with 5 seg-ments, the lowest pair distant, the seg-ments
all contracted at the base, cjuite distinct, lanceolate, acute, 1| to 3 in,
long-, entire or divided into 3 more or less ck^current or conlluent seg"-
ments, the first leaves sometimes undivided. Flowering- stems leatless,
slender, often above 1 ft. long", with a few long- branches. Flowers
not numerous, towards the end of the branches, a few of the lower ones
distant. Bracts 1 to 2 lines long-, broad, acute, Perianth nearfy 3
lines long-, the chiws very oblique and at least as long- as the laminoe,
and the uj)per lamina not so broad as in the other species, Stig-ma
broad, concave, without lobes or appendages, — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i,
630, and in DC. Prod, xiv, 316,

W, Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll., Freiss, n. 783 {Meissner). I
Lavc only seen Drummond's specimens.

6, CONOSPERMUM, Sm.

Flowers hermaphrodite, Perianth-tube straig-ht, entire ; limb of 4
nearly erjual spreading- lobes or 2-lipped, the upper lip very broad, con-
cave, sliortly acuminate or with recurved marg-ins, the lower with 3
narrow lobes, Stamens inserted in the gibbous apex of the tube or
concave base of the limb ; fihaments short, thick ; anther of the upper-
most stamen with 2 perfect cells, of the hiteral stamens Avith 1 perfect
and 1 abortive cells, of the lowest stamen with 2 abortive cells, the

Conospcniium.] Civ. pnoTEACEiE. 8G3

perfect cells stipitate ereot concave, eacli one of the luteral antliers
when in bud fuciny tlie atljoining" one of the upper anther and forming'
Avith it but one cell, but separating- as the Hower opens, the abortive
cells usually subuhite. Ovary obconical, crowned by a tuft of long'
hairs, 1-celled with 1 pondulous orthotropous ovule. Style hHform at
the base, more or less thickened and curved on a level with the anthers
and terminating' in an oblong' or narrow beak with a hiteral stigma
close to the end ehistically turned down towards the lower lobe of the
perianth as the limb expands. Fruit a small indehiscent turbinate or
obconical nut, the apex broad flat or concave, covered with a coma of
usualh' long- hairs, the sides villous with shorter hairs. — Shrubs or
xmdershrubs. Leaves quite entire. Flowers blue lilac pink or white
(not yellow), in short dense spikes, which are either sessile in dense
compound heads, or soHtary on axillary peduncles or variously pani-
cuLite on axiHary or terminal peduncles, each flower sessile within a
broad sheathing- persistent bract, the rhachis of the spike often some-
what leng'thened and thickened as the flowering- advances.

The geniis is limitecl to Australia, and the greater number of species to extratropical
W. Australia. Among the Eastern species, the most common one extends to within
the tropics. The anthers, stjle, ovary and fruit are remarkabiy uniform in the whole
genus, and are thercfore not mentioned in the following descriptions, although they
have been examined in every species of which the specimens were sufficient.

Sect. 1. Isomerum. — Perianth-lohes as long as or longer than the tube, nearly
equal and spreading, the caoity in which the anthcrs are placed forming the summit o/
the tube and rather more gibhous on the upper side.

Spikes in a dense compound head, sessile at the base of very

long leaves terminating a dwarf stem. Ferianth vilious.
Leaves linear. Perianth-iobes about as long as the tube . . 1. C. capitatum.
Leaves linearlanceolate. Perianth-lobes much longer than the

tube 2. C. petiolare.

Spikes in leafless panicles. Leaves only at the base of the stera.

Perianth glabrous.
Leaves terete, rush-Iike. Spikes in a compact corymbose

panicle. Perianth 3 in. long 3. C. teretifolium.

Leaves flat, linear or lanceolate. Spikes or heads in an intri-

cately branched divaricate flexuose panicle. Perianth \ in.

long 4. C.flexuosum.

Sect. 2. Euconospermum. — Perianth-limh 2-lipped, as long as or shorter than
the tube, the upper lip very broad, concave over the anthers, the lower with 3 narrow
lobes.

Flowers glabrous or pubescent, not woolly.

Stems leafy to the inflorescence. Spikes not corymbose.
Westem species.
Peduncles all axillary, short and single-spiked.

Leaves 1 to 2 in. long, terete, rigid and pungent-pointed.

Perianth white, lobes as long as the tube 5. C. acerosum.

Leaves under | in. long, linear-terete, not pungent. Pe-

rianth blue, lobes short 6. C. amccnvm.

Peduncles terminal, or if in the upper axils leafy at the
base, single-spiked and sliort.

Leaves flat, oblong 7. C. ncrvosum.

Leaves linear-terete, gi'ooved above 8. C. diffusum.

364 civ. pnoTEACE.E. [Conospermum.

Pedunclcs tcrniiniil aml axillarv, usually leafy at tlie base,
slender, ^iniple or branclied. Bracts large and coloured,

concealing the very small perianth 9. (7. glumaceum.

Stems leafy at the 1-ase only, with long terminal simple or
paniculate leafless peJunclcs. Western species (except
C. lovgifilium).
Spikes several, sessile along the simple peduncle.

Leaves lerete and rush liice 10. C. ephedroides.

Spikes numerons and sniall, in a hirge leafless panicle.

Leaves almost filiform IL C. polycephalum.

Spikes not numerous, in a loose panicle. Stems decumbcnt.

Leaves oblong or oblanceolate 12. 6'. cceruleum.

Leaves narrow4anceolate or linoar 13. C. debile.

Spikes single at the end of a long leafless peduncle.

Leaves oWanceoiate, hirsute, with long spreading halrs . 14. C. seaposum.

Leaves naiTow-linear or subuhvte, glabrous 15. C. Huegdii.

Leavescrowded, filiform, hirsute witlilongspreadinghairs 16. C. densijiorum.
Spikes several in a conipact corymbose panicle at the end
of tlie long ieafliss pcduncle.
Leaves crowded, filiform, hirsute with long spreadinghairs 16. C. densijlorum.
Leaves cuneate lanceolate or obovateoblong, glabrous,

under 2 in. loiig 17. C. Broicnii.

Leaves lanceolate oblong-lanceolate or linear, 3 to 6 in.

long 18. C loiigifolium.

Stems leafy to the inflorescence. reduncies several, terminal
or in the upper axils, eacli with several spikes, forming a
corymbose panicle. Eastern species.
Periantlilimb about as long as the tube.

Leaves very narrow, 3 to 6 in. long. Inflorescence loose 19. C. tenuifolium.
Leaves rigidly linear, crowded, erect, 2 to 3 in. long. Li-

florescence compact 20. C. Mitchellii.

Periantli-limb not above half as long as the tube.

Leaves rigidly linear, crowded, erect, 2 to 3 in. long . . 21. C. sphacelatum.
Leaves crowded, under 1 in. long (except in one var. of
C. taxifolium).
Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, very spreading . . 22. C.paiens.
Leaves linear linear-oblong or lanceolate, erect or

slightly spreading 23. C taxifolium.

Leaves very narrow-Iinear 24. C ericifolium.

Leaves elliptical or oblong-cunoate 25. C. elUpticum.

Flowers very densely woollj^-villous except tlie minute upper lip.
Leaves terete or semiterete.

Spikes simple in the npper axils. Leaves subulate, crowded.

Leaves 14 to 3 in. long 26. C. distichum.

I^eaves under J in. long, very spreading and incurved . 27. C.jioribundam.
Spikes racemose or paniculate on a terminal peduncle.
Leaves slender, crowded, spreading, incurved, 4 to | in.

long 28. C. incurvum

Leaves slender, crowded, 14 to 3 in. long 29. C.brachyphyllum.

Leaves rigid, terete or semiterete and channelled, 3 to 6

in. long or more 30. C stcrchadis.

Leaves lanceolate, 3nerved. Spikes pnniculate 31. C.triplinervium.

Flowering spikcs very densely villous with long spreading silky
liaiis. Lobes of the perianth as long as the tube.
Leaves at the base of thc stem petiolate, obovate, 3 nerved.
Stem-leayes short, ovate, stem-clasping. Spikes in the

upper axiis flexuose 32. C. bracteosum.

Leayes at tlie base of the stem very long, with a prominent
midrib. Scapes lcafless, with a large dense corymbose
panicle 33. C. crassinervium.

Coiiospcrnium.\ Civ. piioteace.^e. 365

Sect. 1. Isomerum, R. Br. — Periantli-lobes as long- as or long-er
than the tube, all nearly equal, linear and spreading", the cavity in which
the anthers are phiced forming- rather the surnmit of the tube than the
base of the lobes, and rather more g-ibbous on the upper or posterior
side.

R. Brown restricted the section Isomerum to tlie G. flexuosam, and united the three
other species under Chilurus, characterized by the longer aiul niore slcndcr perianth-
lobes. It appears to me, however, that C teretifolium is much more renioved in habit
inflorescence and perianth from C. capitatum aiul C i^etiiilare, than trom C flexuosum,
and that tlie four species make one well-markeJ sectiou which if brokeu up at all, must
be divided into three.

1. C. capitatum, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 155, Prod. 369. A
dwarf shrub or undershrub, resembling- at first sight Isopoffon attenuatiis.
Stems ver}^ short aud woody. Leaves crowded, linear, ilexuose but
rig'id, 6 in. to 1 ft. long-, with nerve-Hke margins, contracted iuto a
siender petiole. Flowers sessile among-st the leaves, in dense terminal
compound heads of h to 1 in. diameter, with numerous imbricate broadly
lanceolate acute bracts, bhick when dry, the common rhaehis thick and
conical, the partial ones silky-pubescent, lengthening- out to from \ to
I in. Perianth slig-htly pubescent, about 1 in. long-, the tube contracted
abbve the middle, nearly equally dihited at the top round the anthers
or rather more g'ibbous on the upper side, slightly contracted over the
anthers by the thickened base of tlie himince, which are all equal, linear-
subulate and as long- as the tube. Style much thickened on a level
with the anthers. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 526, ii. 251, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 324:.

TV. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, R. Brown, Drum-
mond, 3rd coll. n. 251, Freiss, n. 759, 760, and others.

2. C. petiolare, li. Br. Prot. Nov. 11. A dwarf shrub or under-
shrub with the habit and inflorescence of C. capitatum. Stems woody,
sometimes very short, sometimes proliferous and 6 to 8 in. higii.
Leaves linear-lanceolate or oblong--lanceoIate, often hooked at the end,
contracted into a long- petiole, coriaceous, with more or less prominent
nerve-like margins, 6 in. to 1 ft. long- or a few of the outer ones short
and broad. Flower-heads compound, terminal and sessile among-st the
leaves, larg-er than in C. capitatum, but with similar imbricate bracts.
Perianth villous, the tube j to | in. long-, very gibbous at the top over
the anthers especially on the upper side, the laminne all equal, almost
filiform, about 1 in. long-. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 525, ii. 250, and in
DC. Prod. xiv. 521.

"W. Australia. King George'3 Souud, Baxter, Drummond, 3rd coll. n. 250,
Preiss, n. Ibl, F. Jlueller.

3. C. teretifolium, i?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 155, Prod. 369.
A g-labrous erect uudershrub, attaining- 2 ft. or rather more. Leaves
in the lower part of the stem terete, rigid, rush-like, often 6 in. to 1 ft.
long-. Upper part of the plant leafless forming- a terminal corymbose
panicle, with numerous flowers in short spikes at the ends of the

366 civ. PROTEACE^. [Conospcnuian.

branches, tlie leaves all reduced to sniall scales. Bracts broadh' sheatb-
ing-, truncate, about li lines long-. Perianth g-labrous, the tube about
4 lines long-, sHghtly g-ibbous at the tup on the upper side ; laminee
narrow-Hnear, (5 to 7 lines long-, all equal and slightly thickened inside
along- the ceutre. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. ^y2o, and in DC. Prod. xiv.
324 ; Endl. Iconog-r. t. 46.

"W. Australia. King George's Sound, li. Brown, A. Cunningham, Drummond,
2nd coll. n. 311, Freins, n. 785, aud many others ; E. Mount Barrcn, Jlaxwell.

4. C. flexuosum, F. Br. Prot. Nov. 11. An undershrub attaining
3 or 4 fr. (Old/icld), the g-reater part occupied by a broad leafless
panicle, with nunierous intricately divaricate very flexuose prominently
ang-led branches. Leaves radical or at the base of the stem, long*-
lanceolate, obtuse or with a callous point, narrowed into a long- petiole,
rather rig-id, with prominent margins, 6 in. to nearly 1 ft. long- including'
the petiole. Flowers small, whitish, quite g-labrous, in little spikes or
heads of 2 to 6 at the ends of the branchlets. Bracts sheathing-, ob-
tuse, nearly as long' as the perianth-tube. Perianth-tube about 1 line
long-, g-ibbous over the anthers on the upper side ; himinte all equal,
spreading-, narrow-oblong-, 1| to 2 lines long-, thickened inside alojig
the centre. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 526, ii. 251, and in DC. Prod,
xiv. 324.

"W. Australia. King George's Sound .ind adjoining districts, Baxter, Drum-
mond, 2vd coll. n. 309, 310, bth coll. n. 402, Preiss, n. 753, Oldfield, F. Muelkr ; Cape
Naturaliste and Vasse river, Oldfield.

Sect. 2. EucoNOSPERMUM. — Perianth-limb 2-lipped, as long- as or
shorter than the tube, the upper lip very broad, concave over the
anthers, the end and marg-ins more or less flat and erect or recurved,
lower lip more or less deeply divided into 3 narrow lobes, often
thickened along- the centre.

5. C. acerosum, Lindl. Swan Biv. App. 30. An erect rigid g"labrous
shrub, attaining- 3 or 4 ft. Leaves terete, rigid, acute and often
pung'cnt-pointed, mostly 1 to 2 in. long'. Flowers in axiUary pedun-
cuhite spikes much shorter than the leaves, or the upper spikes crowded,
long-er, and on long'er peduncles so as almost to conceal the shorter
leaves. Bracts broad, sheathing", half as long' as the perianth-tube.
Perianth glabrous, about 4 lines long-, the lobes aboiit as long- as tlie
tube, the upper one broad and gibbous at the base over tlie anthers, the
lower ones shortly united in a lower lip. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 522,
and in DC. Prod.' xiv. 318.

W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ist colL, Preiss, n. 786 ; bctween Moore
aml l\lMrcliisun rivers, Drummond, 6th coU. n. 174; Murray and Murchison rivers,
Oldfield.

6. C. amoemun, Mcism. in Pl. Prciss. i. 522, and in DC. Prod. xiv.
318. An erect or spreading- shrub of 1 or 2 ft., the branches and in-
florescence usually hoary-pubescent, the foliag-e g-labrous. Leaves

Conospernium.] Civ. proteace^, 367

numerous, linear-terete, mostly acute but not pung-ent, ^ to |- in. or
rarely | in. long'. Flowers in axillary spikes, usually few in the spike
but the spikes crowded in the upper ])art ot" the branches and often
exceeding- the leaves, the rhacliis and bracts minutely or densely pu-
bescent. Bracts broad, sheathin"', coloured, more than half as long- as
the perianth-tube. Perianth 3 to Sh lines long-, retaining- the blue
colour when dry, nearly g-hibrous or hoary-tomentose but never woolly
as in C. distichum and its allies, the concave upper Hp as broad as the
three lobes of the lower lip. — C. carulescens, F. Muell. Frag'm. i. 157.

VT. Australia. King George's Sound, Milne; Kalgan river and Cooginup, Old-
jield ; Swim river, Drununond, ist coll. n. 583, Freiss, 7i. 745 ; Sait river and Cape
Knob, Jlaxwell.

7. C. nervosum, Meissn. in Hook. Kem Journ. vii. 71, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 321. Stems leafy, simple at the base, paniculately branched in
the upper part and minutely hoary-tomentose. Leaves oblong-, obtuse
or with a small recurved point, the lower ones several in. long' and
contracted into a rather long- petiole, the others nearly sessile and
mostly under 1 in. long-, all rig-id, veined and with an intramarg-inal
nerve conspicuous on tlie under side. Spikes short, nearly g-lobuUir,
shortly peduncuhite in the upper axils and shorter than or scarcely ex-
ceeding- the leaves. Bracts broad, acuminate, shorter than the perianth-
tube, shortly ciliate and sparing'ly pubescent as well as the rhachis.
Perianth about 3i lines long-, the tube sHg-litly pubescent, the limb as
long- as the tube, the upper seg'ment or lip concave with recurved
marg-ins, the lower about as long- and shortly 3-lobed.

W. Australia. Between Moore and Murchison rivers, Drummond, fith coll. n.
175. The two varieties meutioned in the Prodromus may both be found on one spe-
cimen.

8. C. difFusum, Benth. A much-branched spreading' or diiFuse
shrub, g']abrous or the branches minutely hoary-tomentose. Leaves
Hnear, terete, g-rooved above, obtuse or with a small recurved point,
mostly about 1 in. long-. Spikes nearly g-lobular, shortly pedunculate
in the uj^per axils or terminating' short axiUary branches and shorter
than the leaves. Bracts g-labrous or minutely ciHate, very broadly
sheathing-, shortly acuminate. Perianth blue, about 3 Hnes long-, gia-
brous, the Hmb as long- as the tube, the upper seg"ment or Hp concave
with recurved margins and the lower Hp very shortly 3-lobed, as in
C. ncrvosum.

W. Australia, Drummond.

9. C. glumaceum, Lindl. Sivan Riv. App. 30. A shrub or under-
shrub of 3 or 4 ft., quite giabrous. Leaves crowded, Hnear or Hnear-
lanceohite, acute or with a caHous point, with nerve-Hke margins, |
to Ih in. long-. Peduncles very numerous terminating- short axiUary
branchlets, slender, simple or branched, 4 in. to above 1 ft-. long", form-
ing" a larg-e leafy panicle. Spikes terminating- the peduncles or branches,
remarkable for the thin coloured broadly lanceolate acute bracts, 3 to 5

308 Civ. PUOTEACEJE. [Conospcrmun.

lines long-, and concealinfr the snuill ilowcrs. Khacliis slig-htly hirsute.
Perianth g-hibrous, about li lines long-, on a very short pedicel adnate
to the base of the bract, the tube obliquely obovate, the upper lip very
broad and concave, much shorter than the tube, the lower lip as long
as the tube, deeply and narrowly 3-lobed. Coma of the nut short. —
Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 249, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 323 ; C. lupnlinim,
Endl. Gen. Pl. Suppl. iv. 80; Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 249.
W. Australia. Swau river, Drummond, \st coll. n. bQb, Preiss, n. 855.

10. C. ephedroides, Kipp. ; Meissn. in Hook. Kem Journ. vii. 70, and
in DC. Drod. xiv. 323. An undershrub with erect rushlike stems of 1
to 2 ft., sliglitly branched and minutely hoary-silky. Leaves in the
lower part only, terete, rush-like, rather thick, 2 to 6 in. long-, the
up})er ones all reduced to small scak^s. Flowers small, in short spikes
sessile and distant along- the upper part of the stems. Bracts broadly
ovate, acuminate, hirsute at the base, as long- as the perianth-tube.
Perianth-tube hiisute, cylindrical, a Httle above 1 line long-, the limb
g-hdjrous, 2 lines h)ng-, the upper lip very broad, concave, obtuse, the
lower of 3 narrow convex lobes.

^V. Australia. Between Swan river and King George's Sound, Gillert, Drum-
mond, n. 25.

11. C. polycephalum, Mcissn. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 249, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 323. An undershrub or slirub of 2 to 3 ft., g-kibrous except the
spikes. Leaves in the lower part of the stem or branches terete, ahnost
flHform, 3 to 6 in. long-, or here and there still long-er. Spikes
niimerous, almost globuhir, in a long- leafless much-branched panicle
often exceeding- 1 ft. Bracts broad, truncate with a small point, shorter
than the perianth-tube, more or less pubescent or hirsute in the typical
form as well as the rhachis of the spike. Perianth blue, about 3 lines
long' or rather more, the tube minutely and sparing-ly pubescent, the
limb g-labrous, the up])er lip broad and concave, about as long- as the
tube, the lower hp with narrow lobes scarcely exceeding- the upper lip.

^V. Australia. Dnimmond, 2nd coll. n. 305. Some specimens in young bud
from Dailing range and Caiining river, Oldjield, may also possibly belong to the sanic
species.

Var. leianlhum. Spikesquite glabrous. — Stokes Inlct and Esperauce Bay, Maxwell.

12. C. caeruleum, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 154, Prod. 3G9. An
undershrub with a thick woody base and decumbent or ascending-
flowering- stems of 1 to 1| ft. Leaves at the base of the stems oblong-
or oblong--lanceolate, 2 to 6 in. long* and contracted into a petiole at
least as long- in the typical form, sliglitly veined, with an intramarginal
or almost marginal nerve conspicuous underneath ; there are also some-
times a few smaller narrower leaves below the middle of the stem, the
greater part of which is a long- narrow leafless panicle with few branches,
each bearing- a sliort ovoid or oblong" spike of deep blue flowers, the
rhachis and bracts white with a silky wool. Bracts broad, with a gla-
brous poiut as long as or rather long-er than the perianth-tube. Peri-

Conosjjermum.] civ. PROTEACEiE. 369

anth 3 to 4 lines long", the tube slig-htly hirsute, the lips nearly glabrous,
long-er than the tube. Apex of the nut vory broad and concave. —
Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 520, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 822.

Vl^. Australia. King George's Sounil, H. Brown, A. Cunningham, Preiss, n. 734,
Drummond, Oldfield, F. Alueller.

Var. marginatum. Leaves much snialler and more numerous, the lower ones 2 to 3
in. long inchuling the long petiole. Spikes few, much less wooUy or nearly glabrous. —
C. viarginatum, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 248, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 323. — W. Au3-
tralia, Drummond, 2nd coll. n. 306 ; Vasse river, Oldjield.

Var. spathulatum. Leaves still more numerous and smaller, oblong-spathulate,
mostly under 1 in. including the short petiole. Spikes woolly as in the typical form. —
Between King George's Sound and Swan river, Harvey.

13. C debile, Kipp. ,- Mdssn. in Hook. Kem Journ. vii. 70, and in DG.
Prod. xiv. 322. Stems slender, decumbent or procumbent, 1 ft. long' or
more, g'labrous as well as the foliag-e. Lower leaves on long- petioles,
linear or linear-lanceolate, those along- the stems not numerous, narrow-
linear and sessile, 1 to 2 in. long-. Panicle terminal, loose, but slig-htly
branched, with short spikes and flowers similar to those of C. cceruleum
or rather smaller.

W. Australia. Gilbert, n. 164, Drummond. Possibly an extreme form of G.
cceruleum.

14. C. scaposum, Benth. Apparently herbaceous, the petioles and
lower part of the stems hirsute with long- fine spreading* hairs, the older
leaves nearly glabrous. Leaves radical or at tlie base of the stems, ^
to 1| in. long- and contracted into a petiole about as long-, lanceolate,
with a callous point and thickened nerve-like margins. Scapes or
flowering- stems simple or slig-htly branched, ^ to IJ ft. hig'h, with a
sing'le small nearly giobular hirsute spike terminating- each branch.
Bracts broad, acimiinate, ciliate, long-er than tlie perianth-tube. Pe-
rianth hirsute with ratlier long- hairs, about 2| lines long-, the limb
rather long-er than the tube, the upper lip broad and concave, the lower
with three narrow lobes.

\ir. Australia. Between Swan river and King George's Sound, Drummond.

15. C. Huegelii, R. Br. in Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 58. An under-
shrub with the leafy part of the stem very short, g-labrous except the
spike. Leaves crowded, narrow-linear, from almost subulate and 1 to
2 in. long- to 6 or 8 in. long* and 1 line broad. Peduncles erect, simple,
leafless, often above 1 ft. long-, bearing- a singie terminal ovoid or oblong-
spike of blue flowers. Bracts ovate, acuminate, villous at the base as
well as the rhachis. Perianth giabrous, about 3^ lines long", the limb
2-lipped, shorter than the tube. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 521, and in
DC. Prod. xiv. 323.

W. Australia. Swan river, Huegel, Drummond, \st coll. n. 584, Preiss, n. 1Z5.

16. C. densiflorum, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 32. An undershrub,
woody branched and leafy at the base, the stems and foliag-e hirsute
with long- fine spreading" hairs. Leaves densely crowded in the lower

VOL. V. B B

370 Civ. PROTEACE^. [Cmospcrmum.

part of the stem, filiform, 1 to 2 in. long-. Peduncles leafless, erect,
above 1 ft. long-, simple with a single terminal spike or hcaring- a com-
pact terminal corymh of 8 or 4 spikes, all short dense glohuhir or ovoid
and hirsute. Bracts acuminate, hirsute with long- hairs. Perianth
ahout 5 lines long-, the tuhe shortlv and sparing-ly hirsute, the limb
g-labrous, shorter than the tube, the very broad concave upper Up
shorter than the narrow lobes of the lower lip. — Meissn. in. Pl. Preiss.
i. 521, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 324.

\ir. Australia. Swan rivcr, Drummond, \st coll. n. 582, Preiss, n. 2301, b. (I
have only seen DiummonJ's specimens.)

17. C. Brownii, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 248, aticl in JDC. Prod. xiv.
324. Flowering- stcms apparently simple, leafy in the lower part, g-la-
brous and g-hiucous as well as the foHage. Leaves lanceohite cuneate
or obovate-oblong', ahnost acute, l^ to 2 in. long-, contracted into a
short petiole dilated at the base, rigid, 3-nerved. Peduncle terminal,
6 in. to 1 ft. long-, leafless and simple except at the top, where it bears
a short compact corymbose piinicie of numerous small spikes quite
glabrous. Bracts sliort, broad, obtuse, of a deep bbie, the upper ones
imbricate. Perianth g'labrous, the tube fully 4 lines long', tiie upper
lip broad, concave, about 1 line long-, the lower one rather longer and
3-lobed.

TV. Australia, Drummond, 2nd coll. n. SO-i.

18. C. longifolium, Sm. Exot. Bot. ii. 45, t. 82. A shrub or under-
shrub, giabrous except the inflorescence or the branches tomentose.
Leaves in the typical form lanceolate or oblong--lanceolate, acute, 3 to 6
in. long" and narrowed into a lon^ petiole, veined and wath nerve-like
margins. Peduncles terminal or terminating- short branchlets in the
upper axils, often 1 ft. long-, branched towards tlie end into a compact
corymbose panicle. Spikes at tirst short and capitate but lengthening;'
to 1 in. or more, the rhachis silky-tomentose. Bracts short, acuminate.
Perianth usually pubescent, about 4 lines long-^ the tube at loast twice
as long- as the limb, the upper lip short broad and concave, the lower
somewhat longer with rather broad lobes. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
X. 154, Prod. 369; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 321; C. Snithii, Pers.
Syn. i. 116.

XV. S. TVales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieher, n. 41, and others.

Var. anfju.-.tifolium, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 10. Leaves all narmw-linear, tlie peduncles
not usually so long as iii tlie typical fiirni, but tlie two fornis, tliough at first si jht very
dislinci, are conneited liy nunierous intermidiatcs. — C. tevulfolium, Sieb. 1'1. Exs. not
of K. Br. ; C. commutatum, III em. and Schult. Syst. iii. Mant. 275. — Port Jaclcson, R.
BrotvK, Sieler, n. 4U, and otlieis.

C. aciiiacljolium, Grah. in Edinb. Philos. Journ. 1826, 171, Me'ssn. in DC. Prod.
xiv. 320, raised trom Fra.ser's seeds, wmiM Mpjiear from the detailed description given,
to be the sanic narrow-leaved vaiiety of C. longi/olium.

19. C. tenuifolium, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 154, Prod. 369.
Stems from a woody base procumbent ascending- or erect, often above
1 ft. long, usually giabrous. Leaves numerous, very narrow linear or

Conospermum.^ civ. proteace^. 371

almost terete, gTooved above, mostly witli an incurved point, 3 to 6 in.
lono- or sometimes mucli long'er. Peduncles terminal and in the upper
axils, slender, nlmost filifoini, mostly about 6 in. long', bearing' each
about 2 to 6 shortly pedunculate spikes ot" smtdl Howers, forming' a ter-
minal corymb. Biacts broad, shortly acuminate, nearly as long as the
perianth-tube. Perianth " lihTc," pubescent, about 2 Hnes long', the
limb as long- as the tube or rather longer, the lips nearly equal, obtuse,
the upper one concave, the lower one shortly 3-lobed. — Meissn. in DC.
Prod. xiv. 321 ; C. repcns, Sieb. in Roem. and Schult. Syst. iii. Mant.
276.

N. S. ^Vales. Port Jackson to the Blne Mountains, R. Brown, Sieher, n. 45
A. Cuniniigham, and others ; Ilhivvarra, A. Cunninghain, Shrpherd.

Meissuer describes the perianthlohes as twice as shnrt as the tiibe ; this can only
apply to the lobes of the lovver lip, the lips themselves are usuallj rather longer than
the tuhe.

20. C. Mitchellii, 3feissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 320. An erect shrub,
with the crowded erect linear rig-id leaves g-eneral habit and compact
terminal corymbs of C. sphacelutum, of which F. Mueller considers it as a
variety, but the perianths are more densely and softly pubescent, only
3 lines long- and the lips as long- as the tube, difFerences which are quite
constant in all the specimens I have seen. — C. Dallachyi, F. Muell. Ann.
Rep. 1858 (name only).

Victoria. Grampians, Mitchell, F. 2Iueller ; Wimmera and Lutitt Baj, Dallachy ;
Glenelg liver, Eohtrtsoii, Aliitt.

21. C. sphacelatum, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 342. An erect
shrub, the branches and young- leaves silky or hoary-tomentose,
the older foliage giabrous, the inflorescence pubescent. Leaves
crowded, erect, linear, rigid, with a small callous point, obscm*ely 1-
nerved, mostly 2 to 3 in. long-. Peduncles in the upper axils long-er
than the leaves, bearing- each several spikes, and forming- a compact
broad terminal corymb. Bracts broad, shortly acuminate. Perianth
shortly pubescent, about 5 lines long-, the limb about half as long" as
the tube, the lips nearly equal, the upper one broad, concave, shortly
acuminate, the lower one divided to below the middle into 3 narrow
lobes. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 320.

Queensland. Xear Mount Pluto, Mitchell.

22. C. patens, Schlecht.inLinnfea^xii.b^l. An erect shrub, minutely
hoarv-tomentose or the foliage at length glabrous. Leaves numerous,
spreading, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, contracted below the middle,
mostly h to f in. long-. Peduncles several in the upper axils, 3 to 5
in. long", bearing- each a small corymb of pedunculate spikes. Bracts
broad, acuminate, rarely as long- as the perianth-tube. Perianth hoary-
pubescent, about 2^ lines long-, the linib about half as long- as the tube,
the upper lip very broad, the lower rather long-er, divided to the middle
into 3 narrow lobes. — Meissn. inDC. Prod. xiv. 320^ F. Muell. Pl.Vict.
ii. t. 70.

B B 2

872 civ, PROTEACEiE. \^Cunosp€rmum.

N. S. Wales ? Twofold Bay, F. Mueller (specimens almost passing into C. taxi-
folium, from whicli C. patens differs chiefly in its loose habit and spreading l^avcs).

Victoria. Grampians, F. Mueller ; Wimmera, Dallachy ; N. W. districts, L.
Morton ; Glenelg river, Eohertson.

S. Australia. Bethanie, St. Vincenfs Gulf, Behr, F. Mueller, and others ; Kan-
garoo Islaud, Waterhouse.

23. C. taxifolium, Sm. in Bees^ Cycl. ix. An erect shriib of several
ft., witli virg-ate branches, minutely hoary-tomentose or g-labrous, the
inflorescence usually pubeseent. Leaves crowded, linear or lanceolate,
acute, rigid, erect or sliglitly spreading-, contracted at the base, mostly
^ to I in. long-, but in a few specimens nearly 1 in. and the lower ones
even still longer. Peduncles in the upper axils usually rather numerous,
1 to 3 in. long-, rarely long-er, each bearing" several pedunculate spikes,
the whole forming- a more or less corymbose panicle. Bracts broad,
acimiinate, shorter than the perianth-tube. Perianth pubescent, 2^- to
3 lines long-, the limb much shorter than the tube, the upper lip broad
and concave, the lower rather long-er, divided to the middle into narrow
lobes. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 154, Prod. 368 ; Meissn. in DC,
Prod. xiv. 319 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 319; Bot. Mag-. t. 2724; C.

falcifolium, Knig'lit, Prot. 95 {li. Br.) ; C. qffine, Roem. and Schult. Syst.
iii, Mant. 274; C. spicatum, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 10; Mcissn. in DC. l.c. ;
C. propinqunm, R. Br. l.c. ; Meissn. l.c. ; C. lavandulifolimn, A. Cunn. ;
Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 519, and in DC. l.c.

Queensland. Moreton island, M'GilUvray, F. Mueller ; Estuary ofthe Burdekin,
Herh. F. Mueller.

N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson to the Bhie Mountains, B. Brown, Sieher, n. 42 and
FT,. MLit. 11. 471 ; New England, C. Stuart ; snuthward to lllawarra, A. Cunningham.

Tasmania. Spriug Bay, East coast, BacJchouse, Gunn.

Var. lanceolata. Leaves mostly under 4 in. long. — C. lanceolatum, R. Br. Prot.
Nov. 10 ; Mcissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 320. — Hunter's river, B. Brown, Backhouse,
Beckler ; Hastings river, .Bec/jfer; Richmond river, 5(S«(Ze?"So«.

Var. linifolium. Leaves more spreading and inflorescence looser, forming almost a
passage into C. patens. — C. linifoUum, A. Cunn. ; Meissn. in Pl Preiss. i. 518, and in
DC. Prod. xiv. 320. — Peei's Islaiid and Red Cliff Point, Moreton Ba_y, A. Cunningham.

Var. ? leianthum. Leaves narrow. Bracts and perianths perfectly glabrous and
rather smaller than in the typical form. — Tasmania, Story.

24. C. ericifolium, Sm. in Bees' Crjcl. ix. An erect shrub of several
ft., minutely hoary-tomentose or nearly g-labrous, closely allied to C.
taxifolium, with similar virg-ate branches, crowded erect short leaves,
cor}Tnbose inflorescence and the same flowers, and only dilfering- in its
much narrower leaves, mostly \ to |- in. long-, rarely | in. or rather more,
and about | line broad or sometimes cpiite filiform. — R. Br. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. x. 154, Prod. 368 ; Rudg-e in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 292, t.
17 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 319 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 2850; Endl. Iconog-r.
t. 31 ; C. crectum, Grah. Edinb. Phil. Journ, 1828, 171 {Meissn.).

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, B. Brown, Sieher, n. 43, and mauy others.

25. C. ellipticxun, Sm. in Bees' Cycl. ix. A shrub with the virg-ate
branches and erect leaves of C. taxifolium, but the branches softlv villous

Conospenuum.] civ. photeace.e. 373

and tlie leaves much broader, varjing- however from broadly lanceolate
to oval-elliptieal or oblon^--cuneato, obtuse or acute, from under | in.
to nearly f in. long-. lutlorescence cor^nnbose as in C. taxifolium, but
the peduncles shorter, more villous and the spikes fewer. Perianth vil-
lous, 2| to 3 lines long-, the tube but little longer than the lips. — R. Br.
in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 153, Prod. 308 j Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv, 322;
C. rigidam, Knig-ht, Prot. 95.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, li. Broum, and others.

Var. imhricatum. Leaves luore closely imbricate and sliorter, mostly aboiit \ in. long.
— C. imbricatum, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 46; R. Br. Prot. Nov. 9; Meissn,
in DC. Prod. xiv. 322. — Port Jackson or Blue Mountains, Sieber, n. 44 ; Illawarra, A.
Cunningham.

26. C. distichum, E. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 155, Prod. 369, not
of Meissn. A tall erect bushy shrub, g-labrous except the inflorescence
or the ,young- shoots niinutely tomentose. Leaves rather crowded,
linear-terete, slender, sometimes filiform, \\ to 3 in. long-, the floral
ones shorter. Spikes shortly peduncuhite in the upper axils, 1 to 2 in.
long", the rhachis tomentose, the flowers at length distant, very densely
silky-woolly. Bracts very small, ovate, the margins woolly-ciHate, the
surface g-hibrous. Perianth about 4 lines long-, the very short broad
concave upper lip nearly glabrous, but only very shortly protruding
from the dense wool which covers the remainder of the perianth includ-
ing the 3-lobed lower lip. — C. procenim, F, Muell. Frag-m. i. 157,

y^. Australia. King George's Sound or more probably to the eastward? Baxter ;
Swan river? Drummond, Ist. coll. n. 585; Cape Arid, 31axwcll.

27. C. floribundum, Bcnth. A shrub of 2 or 3 ft., closely allied
to C. distichum, but bearing the same relation to it that C. incurvum does
to C. hrachyphyUxun. It is usually more bushy and the fohage often as-
sumes a somewhat silvery aspect. Leaves crowded, very narrow linear,
almost terete, very spreading- and incurved, of a nearly uniform leng-th,
rather under \ in. in some specimens and always uncler | in. Spikes
in the upper axils 1 to 2 in. long, simple as in C. distichum, but owing-
to the number of flowering branches forming' a broad compact corym-
bose panicle. Bracts g-labrous, dark-coloured and very conspicuous on
the very young spikes, but the larger lower ones very deciduous, and
the upper ones which alone remain when the inflorescence is fully ,ie-
veloped are all ver}- small. Flowers usually but not always smaler
than in C. distichum, simihirly clothed with a dense silky wool. Periaiith
as in that species 4 Hnes long with a very small nearly glabrous upper
lip. — C. distichum, Meissn. in PL Preiss. i. 522, and in DC. Prod. xiv,
318, not of R. Br.

W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. n. 580, JPreiss, n. 740 ; Stirling
Eange, -F. Jlueller.

28. C. incurvum, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 30. An erect branching-
shrub, the stems minutely pubescent, the fohage glabrous. Leaves
crowded, very narrow linear, almost terete, spreading and incurved, ^
to 1 in. long^. Peduncles terminal, 6 to 10 in. lone: includins: the in-

l

374 civ. PROTEACEiE. [Conospenmivi.

florescence, bearing- at tlie base a few small closely appressed erect and
subulate lcaves or bracts, tbe remainder a long-narrow denseraceme-bke
panicle. Spikes numcrous abmy tbe rbacliis, nearly sessile, h to 1 in.
lon"-, very densely silky-woollyr Bracts small and deciduous. Periantb
about 3 lines lon»-. Tbe tube slender, tlie li})s very sbort, tbe upper
one pubescent only and very shortly protrutbng- from tbe dense silky
wool wbicb covers tbe rest of tbe periantb. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i.
623, ii. 260, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 318.

W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ast coll. n. 579; Perongerup, Ifrs.
Kniyld (a very iniperfect and therefore doubtful specimen).

29. C. brachyphyllum, Lindl. Srvan Riv. App. 31. Very near C. in-
curvim and prol)ably only a long--leaved variety, tbeyoung- shoots some-
times softly birsute, tbe adult fobage glabrous. Leaves more crowded
tban in C.incurrum, filiform, 1 to 3 in. long-, tbe raceme-like panicles
sometimes fiowering- from tbe base, sometimes supported on a long'

eduncle. Periantbs densely woolly like tbose of C. incnrvum but ratber
onger, mostly about 4 lines long- and tbe small glabrous upper lip rather

more conspicuous. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 524, and in DC. Prod. xiv.

318 ; C.Jili/olium, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 523, and in DC. l.c.

W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll. n. 578, Preiss, n. 2624. The
specific name is unfortunately cliosen, as the leave.s aie longer than those of its nearust
allied npecies, althounh niuch shorter than in C. stoechadis. Meibsuer's name is better,
but of more recent date.

Var. larifolium. Leaves raor-e crowded at the base of the stem, the panicle wilh its
long pedimcle olten above 1 ft. Inng, and tlie spikcs more developeil. Perianths at least
6 lines long — Swan river, Druinmond. Tliis is tiie form which Meissuer considers as
the typical C. hraclajphijllum.

Var. ? rif/idum. Leaves very narrow-linear, but ricjid. rrowded, erect and l^ to 3 in.
long. Panicle very long and soniewliat liranclicd. the spikes sliort aiid dense alnng the
brauches, as on the rhachis ol' the typical ibrm. — W. Auslralia, Drummond, n. 35.

30. C. stoechadis, Endl. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 208, and Nov. Stirp.
Dec. 60. An ereot rigid shrub of 3 or 4 ft., the young- sboots silky-
tomentose, the adult foliage g-labrous. Leaves terete, rigid, 3 to 6 in.
long- or in a few specimens still long-er, ratber slender and scarcely
channelled above in tbe typical form. Peduncles in tbe upper axils usually
branched, 6 to 8 in. long', densely velvety-villous, the spikes few long-
and interrupted. Bracts short, broad, acuminate, tomentose. Perianth
3 to 4 lines long-, densely woolly-hirsute, except tbe very small upper
lip, whicb is pubescent only or almost g-labrous. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss.
i. 524 ; C. sclerophyllum, Lindl. Swan Kiv. App. 30 ; Meissn. in DC.
Prod. xiv. 31?.

W. Australia. Swan rivcr, Drummond, Ist. coll. n. 581 ; Preiss, n. 736, 741,
744.

Var. canalicu^ata. Leaves hmger, rather broader (but still very narrow-lincar), more
evidenlly channelled aliove or comave. Panicie on a lont;er pedmiLle, and tlie Howers
rallier hirger.— C. canalictdafum, Mcissn. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 250, and in D(;. Piod xiv.
317. — W. Australia, Drummond, 2nd coll. n. 307. Some spccimens of Preiss's n. 742,
appear also to belong ratber to this variety than to the typical form.

Conosper/num.] civ. proteace^. 375

31. C. triplinervium, IL Br. Prot. Nov. 11. A shrub of 2 to 3 ft.,
tlie branches erect, g-labrous or minutely silky when young-. Leaves in
the typical forin hxnceoUite, rather broad, acute or with a callous point,
3-nerved, contracted into a short or rather long- petiole, glabrous or
silvery-silky, 1| to 3 in. long-, but varyiug- from that to almost linear
and 3 or 4 in. long-. Peduncles terminal or in the upper axils, from
under 6 in. to nearly 1 ft. long-, more or less tomentose, simple or
branched, bearing several interriipted spikes of 1 to 3 in. Bracts small,
acuminate. Perianth 2 to 3 Unes long", densely woolly except the very
small broad upper hp, which is pubescent only or nearly glabrous. —
Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 519, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 316 ; C. lunrfiorum,
Endl. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 208, and Nov. Stirp. Dec. 59 ; C. undida-
Uim, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 31 ; Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 520, and in
DC. Prod. xiv. 317.

W. Australia. King George's Sonnd, Baxter, atid thence to Swan river, Drum-
mohd, \st cull. n. 577 ; Preiss, n. 738, 739 ; Kalgan river, Oblfield; Salt and Fitz-
gerakl rivers, M.ixwell. Tiie r.nduiatioii ut' the ieaves in the speciniens distingnished
unJer the name of C. undulatum, appears to nie to be accidentai only, and I can dis-
cover uo otlier chaiacter.

Var. minm, Meissn. Leaves 1 to 2 in. long, very shortly petiolate and silvery-sill^y.
— \V. Australia, Drummond^ bth coll. n. 401.

32. C. bracteosum, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 518, ii. 248, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 317. Stems hard, simple or slig'htly branched, 1 to 1| ft.
hig-h, more or less silky-villous, the young- leaves also silky but becom-
ing- g'labrous when old. Radical leaves and a few at the base of the
stem petiolate, obovate orbicular or spathulate, very obtuse, 3-nerved.
^ to 1 in. long", contracted into a petiole at least as long ; stera-leaves
bract-like, sessile, stem-clasping- and closely appressed, ovate, shortly
acuminate or obtuse, about ^ in. long-. Spikes from the upper axils 2
to 3 in. long-, densely silky-villous, the rhachis very llexuose, thellowers
distant and very spreading-. liracts ovate, acute, shorter than the
perianth, silky and ciliate. Perianth recurved, about 3 lines long-, the
lips more than half as long- as the tube, both of them as well as the
tube very densely clothed with long- spreading* silky hairs.

VT. Australia. Drummond, 3rd coll. n. 252 ; east from Salt river, Maxivell ; also
Preiss, n. 746 {Meissn.), whose speciinen 1 have not seeu.

33. C. crassinervium, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 317. Stems form-
ing" a short woody base or stock, covered with the imbricate almost dis-
tichous remains of old leaves. Leaves radical or at the ends of the short
branches of the stock, linear or linear-lanceolate, 6 in. to above 1 ft.
long', acute, silky-pubescent or villous, the marg-ins thick and nerve-like,
the midrib very prominent underneath, with a few transverse raised
veins when the leaf is l)road enoug-h, or the midrib and margins occu-
pying- the whole under surface when narrow, contracted into a long'
petiole dilated and imbricate at the base as in Sijnaphea. Scapes 1 to 2
ft. high, lealless except small ovate acute spreading- scales under the
branches, bearing- at the end a compact corymbose panicle about 6 in.

370 Civ. PROTEACE^. [Conospcrmum.

diameter, very densely villous witli spreading- silky hairs. Spikes sliort
and dense terminating- tlie very numerous branches. Bracts under the
llowers obovate or cuneate, acute, often 2 lines long- besides a long
plumose point, the whole bract densely silky-villous outside, gla-
brous inside. Perianths almost concealed by the bracts, villous with
long- silky hairs only on the lobes, the hps as long- as the tube, the upper
one broad and concave, the lower one divided to the base into 3 narrow
lobes, Coma of the nut very short.

W. Australia, Drummond, 4th coll. n. 270 ; near the Murra-murra, Oldfield.

Tribe 3. Franklandie^. — Anthers all perfect with adnate parallel
cells, enclosed in and adnate to the slender perianth-tube. Ovule 1.
Fruit a dry nut with a pappus-like coma.

7. FRANKLANDIA, R. Br.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth reg-uhir, the tube long- and slender,
the lobes spreading-. Anthers all perfect, linear, included in and adnate
to the perianth tube. Perigynous scales inserted in the perianth-tube
below the middle at first united in a ring- round the style, at length free
from each other and erect. Ovary sessile, crowned by a ring- of long-
hairs or by 3 phimose awns ; style fihform with a terminal dilated
stig-ma ; ovule solitary, pendulous, orthotropous. Fruit a narrow nut
crowned by a pappus-Hke coma of long* hairs or of 3 plumose awns.
Embryo with the cotyledons much shorter than the radicle. — Shrubs.
Leaves alternate, dichotomously divided into terete seg-ments. Flowers
long-, " yellow," in racemes either terminal or in the upper axils, solitary
within small bracts.

The genus is limited to Western extratropical Australia.

Nut tapering into a short neck crowned by a concave disk bordered

by a ring of long hairs. Perianth-tube 1 to I4 in. long . ... 1. F.fucifolia.

Nut tapering into a long neck crowned by 3 long plumose awns.

Perianth-tube 2 in. long 2. i^. triaristata.

1. F. fucifolia, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 157, Prod. 370, atid App.
Flind. Vot/. ii. (504:, t. 6. An erect g-labrous often g'laucous shrub of 2 to 5 ft.,
the foliage and fiowers and sometimes the whole phmt sprinkled with g-lan-
dular tubercles. Leaves petiolate, repeatedly forked, wath erect terete
rather thick segments of | to 1 in., the whole leaf 2 to 6 in. long-. Ra-
cemes terminal or in the upper axils, 3 to 6 in. long-, the tiowers distant,
shortly pediceHate. Bracts ovate, about 1 line long-. Perianth-tube
slender, slightly contracted above the middle, 1 to 1| in.long-, the lobes
linear-lanceolate spreading-, about f in. long-. After flowering- the seg"-
ments (including the upper part of the claws or tube) fall oif to the
base of the anthers, and separate without falling- to the insertion of the
scales at about l of the original tube. Anthers adnate to the top of the
cells, the connective shortly produced and free above them, Ovary
crowned by a ring- of long- liairs reaching- to the top of the scales, with
short hairs within them. Style bearded to the level of the top of the

Franklandia.] Civ. proteace.e. '•^77

coma, densely villous immediately above it, the remainder g-labrous with
a dilated stig-ma on a level with the free tips of the anthers. Nut fusi-
form, g-hxbrous, contracted into a short neck crowned by a dihited con-
cave disk, sometimes 2 lines diameter, bearing- on its margin the long
coma of simple hairs resembling- the pap])us of Compositse. — Meissn. in
Pl. Preiss. i. 530, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 'S'27 ; EndL IconogT. t. 52.

W. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, i?. Brown, Baxter,
Drummond, Ath coll. n. 271, Preiss, n. Ibb, and otheis ; Tone river, Oldfield ; east-
ward beyond Eyre's Eange, MaxweU.

2. P. triaristata, Benth. An erect shrub with the habit and nearly
the foliag"e and intiorescence of F.Jucifolia, the leaves rather less divided
and the ultimate seg-ments shorter. Flowers much larg-er, the perianth-
tube nearly 2 in. long-, tapering- into a lon^ pedicel, the laminte lanceo-
late with a fine point, about 1 in. long-. Stamens and perig-ynous scales
the same as in F. fucifoUa, but the coma of the ovary already consisting-
of 3 slender awns densely phimose with long hairs. Nut on a densely
villous stipes of about \ in., the nut itself narrow-oblong", nearly \ in.
long" and quite g-labrous, tapering- into a spirally plumose slender neck
attaining- 2 to 2| in., and then branching* into 3 plumose awns, also 2
to 2|^ in. long- when fully developed.

"W, Australia, Drummond ; Tone and Capel rivers, Oldfield.

Tribe 4. Persoonie-s;. — Anthers all perfect, with parallel cells
adnate to the connective, the stamens inserted at or below the middle
of the perianth-seg"ments. Ovules 2, or sometimes 1. Fruit a drupe
or rarely a dry nut or membranous.

8. SYMPHYONEMA, R. Br.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth regular, cylindrical in the bud,
the seg'ments free or nearly so. Filaments inserted near the base of the
segTnents, free but incurved and united at the end in a ring- roimd the
style, the anthers erect and free, the connective very shortly produced
beyond the cells. No hypog-ynous glands. Ovary shortly stipitate;
style fihform, with a capitate or slig-htly dihited terminal stig-ma ; ovules
2, pendulous, orthotropous. Fruit an oblong- nut, ripening- usually a
singie seed. — Perennials or undershrubs. Leaves scattered or the lower
ones opposite, trichotomously divided into narrow seg-ments. Flowers
small, yellow, in rather slender spikes, each one sessile within a small
bract.

The genus is limited to Eastern extratropical Australia.

Leaf-segments flat, linear or linear-lanceohite 1. S. montanum.

Leaf-segments very narrow, semi-terete 2. S. paludosum.

1. S. montanum, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 158, Prod. 371. A
perennial or undershrub, with erect or shortly decumbent stems of 1 to
\^ ft., g-labrous or the inHorescence very shg-htly glandular-pubescent.

378 civ. pROTEACE.i:. [Symphyonenia.

Leaves shortly petiolate, twice or tliree times trifid, -vvith short flat linear
or linear-lnnceolate mucronate-acute seg-ments, the whole leaf 1 to 1| in.
lono-. Spikes terminal and in the upper axils forming- a terminal pnnicle
of 1 to 2 in., the flowers not very close and at length distant. Bracts
very small, broad, acuminate. Perianth nearly 2 lines long-. Nut ob-
long-, a httle more than 1 line long-, obtuse, quite glabrous. — Meissn. in
DC. Prod. xiv. 328 ; lieichb. Iconog-r. Exot. t. 107 ; Endl. Iconogr. t.
12.

N. S. Wales. Grosse river, B. Brown ; Blne Mountains, Sieher, n. 63, A. Cun-
ningham, Frnscr, Woolls, and others ; Castlereagh, C. Jloore.

2. S. paludosum, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 158, Prod. 371. A
g-labrous perennial or undershrub, closely resembling- S. montanvm, and
perhaps a variety only. It is more diffuse, the leaves rather less divided
and the segments very narrow, either semiterete and grooved above or
concave, rarely almost flat or the lower leaves even Cjuite flat. Flowers
rather smaller and more slender than in C. viontnmtm. Fruit the same
as in that species. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 327; S. abrotanoides, Sieb.
in Spreng-. Syst. Cur. Post. 46, and in Roem. and Schult. Syst. iii. Mant.
274.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Broirni, Sieher, n. 61, 62; Argyle County,
Fraser ; Ulawarra, Shepherd.

9. BELLENDENA, R. Br.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth regnihir, the segments free, spread-
ing". Stamens inserted at the base of the perianth-seg-ments, but free
from them ; flhiments erect, anthers all perfect, the connective not pro-
duced beyond the cells. No h^-pog-ynous scales. Ovary shorth' sti})i-
tate, tapering- into a short thick style with a terminal stigma ; ovules 2,
pendulous, orthotropous. Fruit membranous, compressed, indehiscent,
bordered by a very narrow wing-, the style reflexed upon one margin. —
Shrub. Leaves scattered, toothed at the end, or entire. Flowers
small, in a terminal pedunculate dense raceme, without bracts, the pe-
dicels singly scattered, not in pairs.

The genus is limiteJ to a single exclusively Tasmanian species.

1. B. montana, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 166, Prod. 374. A
low glabrous shrub, sometimes under 6 in. high and bushy or tufted,
eometimes decumbent and extending' to 1| or two ft. Leaves \isually
cuneate, broad or narrow, with 3 obtuse crenatures or short rounded
termii:al lobes, sometimes ag-ain broadly crenate, the whole leaf | to
above 1 in. long, tapering into a short petiole, flat but rather thick
and sometimes glaucous ; in some specimens the leaves are much nar-
rower and almost entire, and in one variety mostly oblong'-linear and
quite entire. Peduncles terminal, much long-er than the leaves, bear-
ing- a short dense raceme of small white flowers on pedicels of 2 to 3
lines, the rhachis and sometimes the pedicels minutely hoary-pubescent.

Bellendena.\ civ. proteace^. 379

Perianth about \\ lines long-, tlie stamens neavly as long-. Ovary g'la-
brous. Fruit obovate, 4 to o lines long-, rounded at tlie end, but the
stvle quite lateral, reflexed, and ahnost indented into the upper marg-in.
— Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 348 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 322 ; Guillem.
Ic. Pl. Austral t. ?.

Tasmania. Mount Wellington, R. Brown ; abnnrlant on Mnunts Wellington, Ben
Lomond, Surrey liills, &c. at an elcvation of 3000 to 5000 ft. J D. Hooker, and otliers,
the specimena with entire narrow leaves from Ben Lomond, Milligan, Gunn.

10. AGASTACHYS, R. Br.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth reg-ular, cylindrical in the bud,
the seg-ments free, recurved. Anthers all perfect, on short fllaments
inserted below the middle of the perianth-seg'ments, the connective
shortly produced beyond the cells. No hypog-ynous g-lands. Ovary
sessile, 3-ang-led ; style rather short, with a thick oblong* unilateral
stig-ma; ovule solitary, hiterally attached at or near the top. Fruit ap-
parently dry and indehiscent, bordered by 2 broad lateral wing-s and
one narrow dorsal one. — Shrub. Leaves crowded, entire. Flowers
white, in axillary elong-ated spikes, each one sessile within a persistent
bract.

The genus is limiteJ to a single species, endemic in Tasmania, and quite exceptional
in the Order in the form of the ovarj style and fruit.

1. A. odorata, i?. Br. in Tmns. Linu. Soc. x. 158, Prod. 371. A
stout bushy shrub attaining- from 5 to 9 ft., quite g-hibrous. Leaves
crowded, linear-oblong-, obtuse, contracted into a very short petiole,
rather thick, smooth and shining-, veinless or the midrib scarcely con-
spicuous, 1| to 3 in. long". Spikes numerous, solitary in the upper
axils, flowering- from the base, 3 to 5 in. long-, tlae upper ones crowded
into an erect terminal panicle. Flowers sweet-scented. Bracts erect,
lanceolate, from half as long- to as long- as the perianth. Perianth 3
to 3J lines long-, the segments linear. Style reaching- to the base of
the anthers, the hiteral stigma as long- as the rest of the style below it.
Fruit not seen quite ripe, but when far advanced and perhaps fully
formed it is as long- as the subtending- persistent bract, with 2 longitu-
dinal rather broad wing-s ahnost embracing- the rhachis, and one dorsal
narrow wing-. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 328 ; Hook. f. FL Tasm. i.
320.

Tasmania. Adventnre Bay, B. Broivn ; S. and W. coasts, Recherche Bay to Port
Macquarrie, Gunn, Milligan, and others.

11. CENARRHENES, Labill

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth reg-uhir, ovoid, acuminate in the
bud, the seg-ments free, spreading-. Stamens inserted at the base of
the seg'ments ; filaments short, recurved ; anthers incurved, broad, the
connective produced into a fine point. Hypog-ynous scales obovate.

380 Civ. PROTEACE^. [Ccnarrhenes.

Ovary sessile ; style short, filiform, with a small terminal stig-ma; ovule
solitary, pendulous. Fruit a drupe, with a succulent exocarp and a
hard endocarp. — Shrub or tree. Leaves alternate, toothed. Flowers
in spikes, axillary or terminal, each one sessile within a small bract.

The geiiiis is limited to a single sppcies. endeinic in Tasmania, it is, however, closely
allied to Persoonia, difteiing chiefly in inflorescence and in the toothed leaves.

1. C. nitida, LaMll. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 36, t. 50. A tall shrub or
small tree, attaininji,- rarely 20 to 30 ft. (C. Stnart), quite g-labrous, of a
bright g-reen, foetid when bruised, turning* black in drying-. Leaves
obovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, coarsely toothed, con-
tracted into a short petiole, the midrib prominent, otherwise veinless
smooth and shining-, 3 to 6 in. long*. Spikes in the upper axils or
several at the ends of the branches, much shorter than the leaves, the
rhachis often flexuose but rig-id angular and quite g-labrous, the flowers
rather distant. Bracts small, ovate-trinng-uhir, concave. Perianth
about 2 lines long-, the seg-ments hmceolate, acuminate. Stamens much
shorter tlian the perianth. Ovary short, thick, with a broad pendulous
ovule. Drupe very succulent, g'lobuhir, about | in. diameter. — R. Br.
in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 159, Prod. 371 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 328 ;
Hook. f Fl. Tasm. i. 320.

Tasmania. Shaded woods, Recherche Bay, Macquarrie harbour and Mountains of
the interior, A. Cunningham, Gunn, Milligan, and others, biit not gathered by R.
Brown.

12. PERSOONIA, Sm.

(Linkia, Cav.)

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth reg-ular, cylindrical in the bud or
constricted above the base, the seg-ments free or nearly so, recurved in
the upper portion, the laminse scarcely broader than the chiws. Anthers
all perfect (except in one species) on short fllaments inserted at or below
the middle of the perianth-seg-ments, the cells adnate to the connective.
Hypogynous scales or g-lands usually small. Ovary stipitate, (the stipes
in a few species very thick andshort), with a terminal style either short
and inflcxed or elong-ated and flliform, the stig-ma terminal ; ovules 2
or rarely 1, orthotropous, pendulous with short funicies and not strictly
collateral, one ovule with a long-er funicle or attached lower down than
the other. Fruit a drupe, with a succulent exocarp and thick very hard
endocarp, either 1-celled and 1-seeded, or obhquely 2-celled with a
sing-le seed in each cell. — Shrubs or small trees. Leaves entire, alternate
or rarely here and there almost whorled. Flowers yellow or white,
soHtary in the axils or owing- to the abortion or reduction of the floral
leaves forming- sliort racemes at first terminal or axillary, or at length
at the base of a leafy branch, rarely in slender terminal 1-sidedracemes.

With the exct-ption of a single New Zealand species the genus is limited to AustraHa.

Skct. 1. Pycnostyles. — Stiile short, often as thich as the ovary, incurved or
ho>krd at the end, hunjing the stigma in a cavitg of the upper perianth-segment hclow
thc anther. Species all Western except P. falcata.

Persoonia.\ civ. proteace^. 381

Leaves terete.

Leaves rigid, grooveJ underneath. Perianth glabrous, 5 lines

long, the upper segnient saccate, the upper anther abortive 1. P. hahecBformis.
Leavcs rather rigid, not at all or irregularly grooved. Fe-

riantii pubescent, the upper segment concave but not saccate 2. P. teretifolia.
Leaves slender, more or less distinctly grooved underneath.

Periantli pubescent, 6 lines long, the upper segmeut saccate.

Anthers all perfect 3. P. saccata.

Leaves flat.

Leaves very narrow-linear, 3 to 6 in. long, rigid and doubly

grooved underneath 4. P. Saundersiana.

Leaves narrow-cuneate, 1-nerved or longitudinally veined.

Perianth upper segment saccate 5. P. comata.

Leaves linear-cuneate, 1-nerved. Perianth upper segment

coucave but not saccate %. P. brachystylis.

Leaves long, ftilcate, narrow or broad, 1-nerved. Tropical

species 7. P.falcata.

Sect. 2. Acranthera. — Style elongated beyond the anthers, with a terminal
stigma. Connective of the anthers prodmed into an appendage beyond the cells.
Species all Western.

Perianth villous, usually ferruginous. Ovary villous (always?)
1-ovuIate.
Leaves mostly oblong-Ianceolate or spathulate.

Leaves mostly 3-nerved on both sides, not twisted. Flowers

clustered. Anther-appendages short 8. P. trinervis.

Leaves l-nerv-d above, 3-nerved underneath, twisted.

Flowers solitary. Anther-appendages long 9. P. tortifolia.

Leaves narrow-linear, almost terete.

Young shoots slightly hoary. Leaves rigid, sLriate, l^ to

3 in. long 10. P. angustiflora.

Young shoots hirsute with spreading hairs. Leaves

crowded, 1 to 14 in. long, channeiled above 11. P. rudis.

Perianth glabrous or pubescent. Ovary glabrous, 2-ovulate (ex-
cept in P. striata and P. quinquenervis, and perhaps iu P.
acicularis).

Leaves long, linear-terete 12. P. microcarpa.

Leaves linear-subulate, pungent-pointed.

Leaves mostly | to 1 in. long. Anther-appendages long

and narrow 13. P. sulcata.

Leaves rarely above ^ in- Anther-appendages very short

and thick . . 14. P. acicularis.

Leaves narrow-Iinear, not pungent, with revolute margins.
Perianth pubescent. Style much bent at the base. Leaves

mostly above 4 in 15. P. scabrella.

Perianth glabrous. Style nearly straight. Leaves rarely

above \'m 16. P. dillwynioides .

Leaves linear or linear lauceolate, prominently S-nerved or
rarely 3-nerved. Ovary 1-ovuIate.
Leaves narrow-linear. Anther-appendages rather long . 17- P. striata.
Leaves broadly linear-spathulate or oblong-Ianceolate.

Anther-appendages rather short 18. P. quinquenervis.

Leaves linear-lanceolate or oblong-spathulate, 1-nerved.

Leaves thick, 1 to 2 in. long. Perianth ferruginous-villous.

Ovary nearly sessile 19. P rufiflora.

Leaves crowded, scabrous, under 1 in. Perianth glabrous

or scarcely pubescent 20. P scahra.

Leaves 6 to 8 in. long. Fiowers small, glabrous, in slender

l-sided racemes 21. P. graminea.

382 civ. PROTEACE^. [Persoonia.

Sect. 3. Amblyanthera. — Style elongated heyond tke antJier-cells, with a terminal
atigma. Connective ofthe anthers not produced heyond the cells.

* Westcrn specie.s. Ovary glahrous, the stipes articulate above the hase. Leaves
flat.
Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, falcate, 5 to 8 in. long . . .22. P. lo»g>f< lia.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, f.traiglit, 3 to 6 iii. long 23. P. articuliia.

Leaves broadly ovate or elliptical, l^ to 3 in. long 24. P. elUiAica.

** Eastern species. Stipes of the ovary inarticulate or articulate at the very hase.

Ovary villous (rarely almost glabrous in P. media).

Leaves glabrous, Uat, ovate, obovate, elliptical or broadly lan-
ceolate.

Perianth ferrnginous-birsnte • • •. 25. P.ferruginea.

Periantli pubescent witli appressetl hairs.

Leaves niostly lanceolate. Perianth-segments tipped with

dorsalpoints . 26. P. media.

Leaves mostly elliptical. Perianth-segments wiihout

points . .' 27. P. cornifolia.

Leaves mnstly obovate. Perianth-segments tipped with

dorsal points 28. P. marginata.

Leaves pubescent or silky-villous, flat or with recurved mar-
gins, from lanceolate to obovate.

Leaves mostly obovate or oblong-spathulate 29. P. scricea.

Leaves mostly narrow 30. P. Milchellii.

Leaves scabrous or hispiJ, witli revolute margins.

Leaves narrow-linear, spreading, incurved, | to l^ in. long 31. P. fastigiata.

Leaves oblong, rareiy exceeding 4 in 32. P. hirsuta.

Leaves smooth, linear-subulate, wiih recurved margins, about

{ in. long 33. P. chamcepitys.

Ovary glabrous. Flowers erect. Leaves flat, veined, mostly
about 14 in., elliptical, falcate, lanceolate or linear, usually
giabrous.
Perianth 8 or 9 lines long (6 lines or under in all the follow-

ing species) 34. P. arhorea.

Leaves mostly falcate, 4 to 8 in. long. Pedicels 2 to 4 lines

long 35. P. salicina.

Stems prostrate or trailing. Leaves usually short and broad.

Pedicels sbort 36. P prostruta.

Stems erect. Leaves rarely above 4 in. when narrow, always
sliortcr when bioail.
Leaves mostly lanceoiate or elliptical. Pedicels very short.

Flowers solitary or rarely 2 togetiier 37. P. lanceolata.

Flovvers in axillary short racemes or clusters of 6 to 10 . 38. P. confertiflora.
(See also 26. P media).
lieaves linear lanceoiate, acute, rather long. Pedicels 1 to

3 lines long 39. P lucida.

Leaves linear, often vcry narrow. Flowers axillary. Ovary

2-ovulate 40. P. linearis.

Leaves filiform. Flowers in dense racemes with short floral

leaves. Ovary 1-oviilate 41. P. pinifolia.

Ovary glabroiis. Flowers erect on very short pedicels. Leavcs
with recurved margins or sometimes flat, usually obtuse,
veinless, glabmus or silky underneath, not exceeding 2 in.
Perianth about 5 lines long.

Leaves nairow-linear. Perianth-segraents tipped with subu-

latepoints 42. P. Calryi.

Leaves oblong-linear. Periantb segraents without points . 43. P.Je •ifolia.
LeavesiVom obi vate-oblong to oblong-lanccolate, very obtuse 44. P. reviluta.
Perianth about 9 lines long. Leaves flat, thick, very obtuse . 45. P Gunnii.

Persoonia.] civ. PROTEACEiE, 383

Ovary glabrous. Flowera erect, almost sessile. Leaves with
mucb recurved or revolute margius, narrow, acute, nerve-
less, silkv uu>icrncatb.
Leaves spie uling, siuootb above, lauceobite or linear-lanceo-

laie, 14 to 24 in. lo ig 46. P. mollis.

Leaves iaciirvi-ii, scabrous above, f to I4 in. lon^.

Leaves si^atinilate or iiiiear siiaibulate. Perianth villous . 47. P. ri/idi.

Leaves uarrow-linear. Periantli pubesceiit 48. P. curvifolia.

Ovary giabrons (rarely witb a few luiirs in P. ohlongata).
Flowers spreadiiig or nodiliiig. Leaves flat or witli recurved
niargius, tlie niidrib CDnspicuous, under l^ in. long.
Leaves ovate-lancedlate (1 to l^ in.). PeJicels about ^ in.

long. Perianth glabrous, witbout puints 49. P. ohlongata.

Leaves broad or lanceolate, uuder 1 in. Pedicels 1 to 4 lines
long.
Leaves ovate, flat (4 to 1 in.). Perianth glabrous, with

long poiuts to tbe segments 50. P. Cunninghamii.

Leaves ianceolate to alm ist ovate, flat (5 to 1 in.) Perianth

pubescent, with modeiate poiiits 51. P. myrtilloides.

Leaves ovate (2 to 3 Hues) to ianceobxte (3 to 6 liues). Pe-

liaiith giabrous, without points 52. P. ovyciccoides.

Leaves nanon-linear 53. P. nutans.

Ovary glabrous Leaves b'near (broad or narrow), concave or
grooved above or nearly flat witbout auy promiuent mid-
rib.
Leaves mostly 1 to I5 in. bmg.

Leaves oblong-liuear or linear-lanceolate, l^ to 2 lines

br lad. Peilicels sbort anJ tbi^k 54. P. anqulata.

Leaves narrow-linear. Pedicels slender 55. P. virgata.

Leaves mostly 5 to | in. loug.

Leaves narrow-linear, not pungent. Ovary 1-uvubate . , 56. P. chamcepeuce.
Leaves narrow-iinear or subiilate, pungeut-poiuted . , , 57. P. juniperina.
Leaves fllitbnu, not piingent.

Ovary 2-ovulate. Peiiaiith-segments witbout points . . 58. P. tenvifulia.
Ovary 1-ovuIate. Perianlhsegments with subiilate points 59. P. acerosa.

Sect. 1, Pycnostylis, Meissn, — Style sliort, often as tliick as the
ovary, incurved or liooked at tlie end, burying* tlie stig*ma in a cavity of
the upper perianth-seg'ment below the auther,

1, P. hakeseformis, 3feissn. in DC. Prod. xiv, 330. A very rigid
shrub, the young- shoots and inflorescence softly pubescent or villous,
Leaves terete, very spreading-, mostly recurved at the end, g-rooved
underneath, thick and rigid, 1 to 2 in. long-. Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long",
softly villous, crowded into a terminal or subterminal raceme, with most
of the floral leaves reduced to small bracts. Perianth g-labrous, not
above 5 lines long-, the upper seg-ment saccate below the anther, which
is quite adnate and ahnost or quite sterile, the other anthers free except at
the base, the connective produced into a thick obtuse appendag-e. Ovary
g"labrous, contracted at the base into a thick stipes, and tapering* into a
short thick style curved and hooked at the end, with a lateral stig-ma
buried in the cavity of the upper perianth-seg^ment, Fruit not seen,

V^. Australia, Drummond, 4th coll. n. 275.

2, P. teretifolia, P. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 160, Prod. 372. A
bushy shrub of several ft,, the young shoots and intiorescence ferrug-i-

384 civ. PROTEACE^. [Persoonia.

nous-tomentose or shortly villous, the adult foliag^e glabrous. Leaves
terete, rather slender but ri<^-id, not continuousl}' g-rooved, althoug-h
sometimes irreguhirl}' so o-\ving- to the shrivelling in dr^-ing, 1|- to 3 in.
long but mostl}' about 2 in., the floral ones similar or a few of them
much reduced in size. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long, solitary in the axils
but sometimes crowded at the base or at the end of a shoot with the
lower floral leaves abortive. Perianth declinate, ferruginous-pubescent,
about i in. long-, the upper segment very concave but not saccate.
Anthers all perfect, the connective produced into a long point. Ovary
scarcely contracted at the base, tapering into short thick style, curved
against the upper perianth-segment below the anthers, ovules 2. Drupe
obhquely ovoid-oblong-, ^ in. long or more. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv.
329 ; P. scaparia, Meissn. l.c.

W. Australia. Lucky Bay, R. Broion; King George's Sound towards Cape
Riche and iSalt river, Harvey, Baxter, Drummond, Ath coll. n. 276.

Var. ? amhJyanthera. Appendage to the anthers short and oLtuse, the specimens
ehowing no other difference, yet perhaps a distinct species. — Murchison river, Oldjield.

3. P. saccata, P. Br. Prot. Nov. 12. An erect shrub of 2 to 6 ft., the
young shoots and inflorescence pubescent or villous, the adult foliag"e
glabrous. Leaves linear-terete, sometimes almost filiform, 2 to 4 in.
long or even long-er, more or less distinctly grooved underneath or the
groove doubled by the prominence of the midrib between the recurved
or thickened margins, but the groove always very narrow and some-
times very faint. Pedicels 2 to 3 hnes long, mostly at the ends or below
the ends of the branches and crowded into racemes with the floral leaves
much reduced or abortive, rarely all axillary. Perianth very oblique,
pubescent, about \ in. long, the upper segment saccate below the
anther. Anthers all perfect, the connective produced into a rather long;
point. Ovary contracted into a rather short thick style curved into the
cavity of the upper perianth-segment. Ovules 2. Fruit obovoid,
rather shorter and thicker than in P. teretifoUa. — Meissn. in DC. Prod.
xiv. 329 ; P. Fraseri, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 12, not of Meissn. ; P. macro-
stachya, Lindl. Swan Eiv. App. 35 ; Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 631, and in
DC. Prod. xiv. 330.

MT. Australia. "West coast, Baudlns Expedition ; Swan river, Fraser, Drum-
mond, \st coll. n. 598, Freiss, n. 730 ; Cape Naturalistc, Collie ; Ponnelly river, T. C
Carey. The specimens of P. jPraseri, both in Brown'8 and in Hooker's herbarium,
have lost all their flowers, but in other respects correspond entirely with the F. saccata,
evidently a common plant about Swan river.

4. P. Saundersiana, Kipp. ,• Meissn. in HooJi. Kew Joiirn. vii. 72, and
in DC. Prod. 330. Branches virgate, pubescent or villous, the adult
foliage glabrous. Leaves Unear, 3 to 6 in. long, flat but thick, rigid
and very narrow, with a double groove on each surface formed by the

firominent midrib and marginal or submarginal nerves. Pedicels 3 to 4
ines long, villous, all axiHary or crowded at the base of the shoots with
the lower floral leaves abortive. Perianth glabrous or slig-htly pubes-
cent with appressed hairs, about | in. long, the upper segment saccate

Persoonia.] civ, proteace^. 385

beloAv the anther. Anthers all perfect, the connective produced into an
obtuse appendag-e. Ovary broad, scarcely contracted at the base, taper-
ing- into a cvlindrical style, hooked at the end under the upper anthers.
Ovules '2. Young- fruit ol)liquely ovoid-g-lobular.
"W. Australia, Druminond, bth coll. suppl. n. 4.

5. P. comata, Mvissn. in Iloolt. Kcw Jouni. vii. 71, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 330. A low shrub with erect branches softly pubescent as well as
the young- shoots, the adidt foliage gdabrous. Leaves linear-cuneate or
oblanceolate, l^- to 3 in. long-, obtuse with a small point, contracted
into a short petiole, of a pale green, thick and rig-id, with nerve-like
marg-ins and a prominent midrib, and when broad with several very ob-
scure oblique almost long-itudinal veins. Pedicels 2 to 6 lines long-,
villous, axillary or forming- a raceme at the base of the slioots with the
lower floral leaves reduced to small bracts. Perianth shortly pubescent,
rather above \ in. long-, very oblique with a short incurved point, the
upper seg-ment saccate below the anther. Anthers all perfect, the con-
nective produced beyond the cells. Ovary giabrous, contracted into a
short thick stipes, thickened upwards and incurved, with an oblique
stigma buricd in the cavity of the upper perianth-seg-ment. Ovules 2.

W. Australia. Miirchisou river, Oldfield; near Dundagaran, Drumrnond, Qth
coll. n. 178.

6. P. brachystylis, F. Mudl. Fragni. vi. 221. An erect shrub of
several ft., the branches and young- leavos softly tomentose, the adult
foliag-e giabrous. Leaves linear-cuneate, 1 to 2 in. long-, obtuse with a
small callous point, contracted into a shortpetiole, thick and rigid, with
the midrib and margins prominent underneath. Pedicels axillary, 2 to
4 lines long-. Perianth oblique, with a short recurved point, more or
less silky-hairy, about 5 lines long-, the upper seg-ment concave below
the anthers but not saccate. Anthers all perfect, rather long-, the con-
nective produced into a short obtuse appendag-e. Ovary giabrous, con-
tracted into a short thick stipes, tapering- into a short thick incurved
style concealing- the stig'ma under the upper anthers. Ovules 2.

TV. Australia. Murcliisou river, Oldfield.

7. P. falcata, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 162, Prod. 373. Usually
a small tree, giabrous or the young- shoots minutely tomentose-pubescent.
Leaves linear or lanceolate, falcate, 4 to 8 in. long-, and very variable
in width, obtuse or acuminate, contracted into a petiole, the midrib pro-
minent, the margins usually nerve-like, the lateral veins obscure or fine
and very oblique. Pedicels slender, ^ to | in. long-, giabrous as well as
the perianth or very minutely hoary-pubescent, sometimes all axillary,
but more frequently forming- a long- raceme with the lower floral leaves
reduced to bracts and growing- out at the end into a leafy shoot. Ovary
giabrous, of nearly uniform thickness with the short stipes and incurved
style, the stigma oblique under the upper anther. Anthers all perfect,
but the upper one usually smaller, the connective produced into a long-

VOL. V. c c

386 civ, PROTEACEiE. [Persoonia.

or short point. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 331 ; P. mimosoides, A, Cunn,
Herb.

N. Australia. Islanrls nf tlie riulf of Carpentaria, R. Uroicn; jrAdrtm Eange,
F.MudUr; Escape Clift"-, Hulls; Victoria river, Bi/noe; Cygiiet B_a.y, N.W. coast,
A. (Junniiigham (a narrow-leaved forni, with the pedicels only remaining, but appa-
rently rathcr tiiis species than P. longifolia).

Queensland. Cape York, Daemi-l; Dayman's isLand, Endeavonr Straits, W. Hill;
Endeavour river, A. Cunningham, W. Hill ; iEstuary of the Burdekm, Fitzalan ; Ken-
nedy district, Daintree ; Edgecombe and Rockingham Bays, Dallachy ; Cape and
Boweu rivers, Bowman.

Sect. 2. AcRANTHERA. — Stjle elong-ated beyond tbe antbers, with
a terminal sti<:>-ma. Antbers all perfect, tbe connective produced into an
appendag-e be^^ond tbe cells.

8. P. trinervis, Mdssn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 332. A sbrub witb the
young- sboots silky-pubescent or villous, tbe adult fobag-e g-labrous.
Leaves oblong'-lanceolate or linear-spatbulate, obtuse witb a callous
point, narrowed into a sbort petiole, tbick and rig-id, 3-nerved but the
lateral nerves often almost marginal and less conspicuous on tbe upper
tban on tbe under surface, 1 to 2 in. long-, Flowers several together
clustered in tbe axils, sessile or on very sbort tbick peclicels, eacb within
a small villous bract. Periantb densely villous witb ferruginous bairs,
very obtuse, about 5 lines long-. Antbers witb very sbort obtuse ap-
pendag-es to tbe connective. Ovary densely villous, contracted into a
very sbort stipes ; style straig-bt, ratber tbick but elong-ated, witb a ter-
minal stig-ma; ovule solitary.

W. Australia, Drmnmond, bth coll. suppl. n. 5.

9. P. tortifolia, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv, 331. Stems in our speci-
mens several from a woody rbizome, brancbing-, not above 1 ft. bigb,
the brancbes and young- slioots silky or boary-pubescent, the foliage at
lengtb g-labrous or nearly so. Leaves oblong-- or linear-lanceolate,
rarely almost obovate, mucronate, contracted into a sbort petiole,
spirally twisted at least wben dry, coriaccous, 1-nerved on tbe upper
surface, mostly 3-nerved underneatb, undpr 1 in. or a few of tbe larg-er
ones l^ in. long\ Flowers solitary in ilie axils on very sbort pedicels.
Periantb idjout | in. long, silky-ferruginous witb appressed bairs,
Antbers witb ratber long- narrow appendag-es to tbe connective. Ovary
densely villous, on a g-labrous stipes, tapering- into a long- straigdit gla-
brous style, witb a terminal stigma ; oviUe solitary.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 169, Ath coll. n. 272.

10. P. angustiflora, Benth. A sbrub of about 1 ft,, tlie erect
brancbes minutely boary-tomentose, tbe foliag-e g-labrous. Leavesvery
narrow linear or terete as in P. microcarpa, but usually more rigid,
rarely above 3 in, long-, and tbe tbicker midrib and more prominent
margins g"ive tbem a more striate or dotibly gTooved appearance. Flowers
usually 2 or 3 tog-etber in tlie axils, on pedicels of 1 to 2 lines. Perianth
fully I in. long', narrower tban in P. microcarpa, silky-villous witb ful-

Persootiia.] civ. proteace^. 387

vous liairs. Anthers witli rather long- points or appendag-es to the con-
nective. Ovary shortly stipitate, densely villous ; style straight, elon-

fated ; ovule solitar}^ — P. Fmseri, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 6;J2, and in
)C. Prod. xiv. 334, not of R. Br.

W. Australia. Swan rivcr, Drummond, \st coll. n. 597, Preiss, n. 729.
Var ? pedicdlaris. Pedicels 3 to 6 liiies long. riovvers much less villous or
sprinkled oaly with a few liairs. Ovary not thickened, and the ovule abortive in the
flowers examined. — Murchi^on river, Oldfidd.

11. P. rudis, Mcissn. i/i DC. Prod. xiv. 333. A shrub apparently
spreading- or procumbent, the young-er parts densely hirsute with soft
spreading" hairs, the older foliage giabrous or nearly so. Leaves crowded,
linear-subulate, nearly terete, grooved without any prominent midrib,
acute but not pung-ent, the long-er ones on the main stem sometimes 2
in. but mostly about 1 in. long-. Pedicels axillary, soHtary, 1 to 2 hnes
long'. Perianth about h in. long', hirsute with a few long- spreading-
hairs. Anthers with long- points or appendag-es to the connective.
Ovary on a short narrow stipes, densely liirsute with long* hairs, taper-
ing- into a long- hirsute style with a terminal stig-ma. Ovule sohtary.

\tr. Australia, Drammond, Ath coll. n. 273.

12. P. microcarpa, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. IGO, Prod. 372.
An ere.ct broom-like shrub of 3 to 5 ft., the young- shoots villous with
fine appressed hairs, the adult foHage giabrous. Leaves terete and
more or less grooved underneath, or very narrow linear and flat with
a scarcely prominent midrib, acute, 2 to 4 in. long\ Flowers axillary,
usually in clusters of 2 or 3, ou very short villous pedicels rarely ex-
ceeding- 1 Hne. Bracts ovate or lanceolate, viUous, sometimes as long'
as the pedicels. Perianth villous with appressed hairs, 4 to 5 Hnes
long-. Anthers inserted nearly at the base of the perianth-seg-ments,
the connective produced into a short broad appendag'e. Ovary gia-
brous, very shortly stipitate, tapering- into a thick style recurved at the
end with an obHque stigma, but longer than the anthers ; ovules 2.
Drupe smaU, nearly giobular. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 334.

^V. Australia. Kiiia; George's Sound and adjoining districts, R. Brown, A. Cun-
ningham, Drumrnond, 3rd coll. n. 260, Preiss, n. 728, and many others.

13. P. sulcata, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 333. A much-branched
shrub, apparently divaricate or procumbent, giabrous or with a sHght
pubescence on the branches. Leaves crowded, spreading-, subulate,
rigid and pung-ent-pointed, doubly g-rooved by the prominent margins
and midrib, mostly f to 1 in. long-. Pedicels axillary, soHtary, 1 to 3
Hnes long*, giabrous. Perianth giabrous, acute, about 4 Hnes long",
rather attenuate towards the base. Anthers with long- narrow appen-
dages or points to the connective. Ovary glabrous, contracted into a
short stipes, and tapering- into an elongated angular straight style with
a terminal stigma ; ovules 2.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 168, 4th coll. n. 274.

c c2

388 civ. PROTEACE^. [Pcrsoonia.

14. P. acicvdaris, F. MvcU. Frafjm. vi. 220. A rijiid shrubof about
1 ft. {Ohlficld), the branches shortly villous, the foliaoe glabrous or
sprinklcd Avith a few short rigid hairs. Leaves crowded, spreading-,
linear-subuhite, rigid and pung-ent-poiuted, doubly grooved as in P.
sxdcata, but rarely exceeding- -^- in. in length. Pedicels axillary, solitary,
g-labrous, 3 to 4 hnes long-. Perianth fully 5 lines long-, cjuite g-labrous,
contracted above the broad base, the seg-ments very acute. Anthers
with the connective prodiiced into very short thick and obtuse appen-
dag"es. Ovary g-labrous, contracted into a short stipes and tapering- into
an elong-ated straig-ht style.

W. Australia. Sandy plains, Murchison river, Oldjield. In the only ovary I
examineJ 1 only tound oiie ovulc, but I niay have overlookcd a second abortive one, and
tlie ^pecimeiis were too few to sacrifice more flowers.

15. P, scabrella, Mcissn. in Hooli. Kov Joiirn. vii. 72, and in BC. Prod.
xiv. 333. A rigid shrub with erect branches minuteh' pubescent when
young". Leaves crowded, incurved, linear-terete, thick and rigid, deeply
gTOoved underneath but without any prominent midrib, obtuse or callous-
pointed, glabrous or minutely scabrous when young", J to 1 in. long".
Flowers solitary in the axils and sessile. Perianth about 4 lines long",
villous with appressed hairs, contracted at the base. Anthers with
small g-lobular tips to the connective. Ovary on a slender stipes, broad
and g-labrous ; style folded immediately above the ovary, then erect and
fihform with a terminal stig-ma. Ovules 2.

V^. Australia. Between Moore and Murchison rivers, Drummond, 6th coll. n. 177 .

16. P. dillwynioides, 3feissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 333. A bushy
glabrous slirub. Leaves crowded, narrow-linear or terete, grooved
underneath but without any prominent midrib, obtuse or scarcely acute,
rarely above J in. long", quite smooth and glabrous. Pedicels solitary
in the axils, very short. Perianth g-hibrous, about 5 lines long-, slightly
contracted above the base. Anthers Avith very short obtuse appendages
to the connective. Ovary shortly stij)itate, glabrous, tapering into a
long style witli a terminal stigmaj ovules 2. Drupe broad and very
obHque, 4 to 5 Hnes diameter.

W. Australia, Drummond, bth coll. n. 4U> ; Fitzgerald river, Maxwell.

17. P. striata, IL Br. Prot. Nov. 13. Quite glabrous or the branches
silky-pubescent. Leaves linear, obtuse or mucronate-acute, contracted
into a short petiole, flat but tliick, striate with 3 to 5 prominent closely
approximate longitudinal nerves, glabrous or minutely papillose, 1 to
l^ in. long. Pedicelb soHtary in tlie axils, 2 to 3 Hneslong. Perianth
glabrous or sHghtly pubescent, 4 to 5 Hnes long-. Anthers with the
connective produced into an appendage usually rather long but variable.
Ovary glabrous, sHghtly contracted into the stipes, tapering into a
straight fiHform style with a terminal stignia. Ovule soHtary. Drupe
ovoid, obHque, 4 to 5 Hnes long. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 332 ; P.
strioluta, Meissn. l.c.

W. Australia. KingGeorgft's Sound or tothe eastward, Baocter, Drummond, bth
coll. euppl. n. 6 ; near W. Mount Barren, Maxwell.

Fersoonia.] Civ. proteacej-:. 389

18. P. quinquenervis, Ifook. Ic. Pl. t. 425. A slirub of 5 to 7 ft.,
tlie Lranchos sli^litly pubcscent. Leaves broadly linear-spathulate or
oblong'-hinceohite, mucronate, contracted into a short petiole, rigid,
with 0 prominent longitudinal nerves, g-labrous or minutely papillose,
1 to li in. long-. Pedicels soHtary in tlie axils, \ to i in. long-, g-labrous
or slightly pubescent. Perianth nearly | in. long-, gTabrous or sprinkled
with a very few small hairs. Antherswith rather short appendag-es to
the connective. Ovary slightly contracted into a short stipes ; style
straig-ht, with a broad terminal stig-ma. Ovule soHtary. — Meissn. in
Pl. Pr. i. 532, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 332.

W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll. n. 596 ; York district, Preiss,
n. 531, 731. The species scarcely differs fioin P. striata, except in the broader leavea
and rather larger flowers, and perhaps in stature.

19. P. rufiflora, Mcissii. iii Hook. Kcm Jourii. vii. 72, and iii DC. Prod.
xiv. 332. A shrub at iirst sig'ht closely resembling- P. trinervis, but
very ditferent in the structure of the llower, the young- branches
slig-htly pubescent, the fohage g-labrous. Leaves oblong--linear or
slig'htly spathulate, obtuse with a minute point, contracted into a very
short petiole, thick, 1-nerved with thickened nerve-like margins or
rarely with intramarginal nerves on the under side, 1 to 2 in. long*.
Flowers sessile or nearly so, solitary or 2 or 3 tog-ether in the axils.
Perianth about 4 lines long-, very densely ferruginous-villous. Anthers
not reaching- above half the length of tlie segments, with short g-land-
like appendag"es to the connective. Ovary abruptly stipitate, broad,
g-labrous ; style elong-ated, slender, with a terminal stig-ma. Ovules 2.

VIT. Australia. Between Moore and Murchison rivers, Drummond, Qth coll. n.
176.

20. P. scabra, F. Br. in Truns. Liiin. Soc. x. 162, Prod. 373. Ap-
parently a bushy shrub, the branches pubescent. Leaves crowded.
linear-lanceolate or more or less spathulate but never so much so as in
some Eastern species, obtuse or mucronate-acute, contracted at the base,
^ to 1 in. long-, 1-nerved, scabrous with small papillaj or crystalline or
opaque asperities. Flowers solitary in the axils on short pedicels.
Perianth glabrous, or sprinkled with a few hairs, about 5 lines long\
Anthers with the connective produced into rather long* appendages.
Ovary stipitate, g-labrous, with a straig-ht filiform style and stigma. —
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 337 ; F.Jlexifolia, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
X. 162, Prod. 372, not of Lodd. and otliers; F. sjjuthnlata, R, Br. 11. cc.
162 and 373, not of Lodd. and otliers.

W. Australia. Lncky Bay, R. Broum. The only specimens fhat I have seen
of tliise lliree s^^upposed species are the almost single and very imsati^factury ones in
Bro\vn's Herbarium, with scarcely any tiowers. Tliey are all from the same locality,
and the differences between them appear to me to be very slight, no more than wliat we
coiistantly observe between dilfereiit specimeiis of other species In P. fexifulia the
leaves are rather smaller and narrowcu- tlian in P. scahra, and there are iewei- iiairs on
the perianth ; in P. spathulata the leaves are rather larger and broader, with similar
slightiy hairy perianths. All three agree in the habit and other characters which dis-
tinguish them from any that I have seen in other colleclions. Meissner places them in

390 civ. PROTKACE.^. [Persooma.

a wrong section, but was niisled by Loddiges' figures repiesentiug garden plants falsely
named, his P. fle.vifolia being P. nutans, and P. spathulata most probably P. rigida,
botli ofthem eastern species of tho section Amhlyanthera.

21. P. graminea, i?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soe. x. 164, Prod. 374. A
dwarf slirub or undershriib, with short procumbent stems, g-labrous
except a few appressed hairs sprinkled on the Young- shoots and inllo-
rescence. Leuves niimeroiis, erect, narrow-linear or very rarely linear-
lanceolate, acute, tiat, but the midrib and sometimes the margins pro-
minent underneath, mostly 0 to 8 in. long-, or even more. Flowers
small, distant, in slender one-sided leafless racemes, terminal or in the
upper axils, not half so long- as the leaves. Bracts subulate. Pedicels
solitarv within each bract, ^- to 1 line long-. Perianth about 2 lines
long-, g-labrous or sprinkled with a few appressed transparent hairs.
Anthers rather sliort, the connective produced into a long- slender ap-
pendag-e. Ovary glabrous, g-lobuhir, on a short stipes. Style thick but
elong-ated, angular, tapering- upwards, with a terminal oblique stig-ma.
Ovules 2. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 533, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 331.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, Baxter, Drummond, Preiss, n.
725 ; ^\ ilsons Inlet, Oldjield. This is the oiily species ■with a truly racemose inflo-
rescence, without tlie rhachis growing out into a leafy shoot.

Sect. 3. Amblyanthera. — Style elongated beyond the anthers,
with a terminal stig-ma. Anthers all perfect, the connective not pro-
duced beyond the cells.

22. P. longifolia, /?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soe. x. 164, Prod. 374. A
tall shrub or small tree of 10 to 20 ft., glabrous or the young- branches
minutely silky-pubescent. Leaves linear or linear-lanceohite, 5 to 8 in.
long', callous-pointed or obtuse, narrowed into a short petiole, not
thick, finely voined, the midrib slightly prominent, the lateral veins
almost longitudinal and scarcely conspicuous. Flowers sohtary in the
axils but owing- to the abortion of the lower or of nearly all the floral
leaves forming- often terminal or subterminal racemes. Pedicels 3 to
6 lines long-. Perianth more or less ferrug-inous with minute silky
hairs, 6 to 6 hnes long-. Anther-connective not produced beyond the
cells. Ovary glabrous, on a stipes distinctly articuhite above the base ;
style elongated with a terminal stig-ma; ovules 2. Drupe broad and
oblique, about 5 lines diameter. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 533, and in
DC. Prod. xiv. 343 ; P. Drumniondii, Lindh Swan Riv. App. 35.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, B. Brown and others,. and thence to Swau
river, Druiinnoiul, Ist coll. and n. 89, Prtiss, n. 724, 732; Vasse river, J/rs. Molloy;
Cape Katuraliste, Collie.

23. P. articnlata, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 164, Prod. 374. A
tall shndj or snudl troe, closely resembling- P. lonyifoliu and intermediate
as it were between that species and P. cUiptica. Leaves much broader
than in P. lonyifoUa and not falcate, oblong--lanceoh'ite or oblanceolate,
3 to 6 in. loug, with ver}' oblique almost long-itudinal anastomosing-
lateral veins. Inflorescence as in P. longifolia often racemose from the

Persoonia.] c\x. proteace^. 891

abortion or reductiou of the floral leaves. Flowers usually larg-er than
in that species, the perianth fully h in. long-. Anthers and pistil the
same, but the articuhation of the stipes of the ovary rather more pro-
minent, being often above the level of the hypoo-ynous edands. — Meissn.
inDC. Prod?xiv. 342.

TV. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, Baxter, Harvey, Drummond,
n. 88, 96, Oldfield, F. 3IueUer ; Vasse river, Oldfield.

24. P. elliptica, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 164, Prod. 373. A
_^shrub or tree of 10 to 20 ft,, quite g-labrous. Leaves from broadly

obovate to elliptical or broadly lanceolate, obtuse with a callous point
or almost acute when narrow, contracted into a short petiole, not thick,
penniveined with oblique anastomosing veins, Ij to near 3 in. long-.
Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long-, mostly axillary and solitary but sometimes
forming- racemes by the abortion or reduction of the floral leaves as in
the two preceding- species. Perianth glabrous, 4 to 5 lines long-.
Anther-connective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary glabrous, on
a stipes articuhate near the base ; style elongated, with a terminal
stigma. Ovules 2. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 341 ; P. laureola., Lindl.
Swan Riv. App. So ; Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 532, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 341 ; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 426.

W. Australia. King George's SounJ and adjoining districts, R. Brown, Baxter,
A. Cunningham, and ujany others, aud thence to Swan river, Drummond, \st coll., Ath
coll. n. 277, Preiss, n. 726, Clarke.

The articulation of the stipes, so conspicuous iu Lhe three preceding Western species,
is also observable in most of the following Eastern species, but it is much less marked
and usually at the very base of the stipes, not formiug a ring above the base.

25. P. ferruginea, Sm. Exot. Bot. ii. 47, t. 83. A tall shrub, the
branches and young shoots slightly ferruginous or hoary-tomentose, the
adult foliage glabrous. Leaves ovate oblong-elliptical or almost lan-
ceokite, acute or obtuse with a callous point, contracted at the base and
sometimes shortly petiolate, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 in. long', the midrib pro-
minent underneath and obscurely or distinctly penniveined. Flowers
either solitary in the axils or more frequently in dense clusters of 4 to
6, either terminal or pedunculate in the upper axils, witli small bracts
(reduced floral leaves) under each flower. Pedicels very short or
scarcely any. Perianth densely ferruginous-pubescent, about 6 lines
long. Anther-connective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary densely
villous, on a short glabrous pedicel ; style elongated, with a terminal
stigma; ovules 2. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 163, Prod. 373;
Meissn, in DC. Prod. xiv. 343 (except as to F. Mueller's specimens) ;
P. laurina, Pers. Syn. i. 118.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson and Bhie Mountains, B. Brown, Sieher, n. 58, A.
Cunniiigham and ofhevs. The Victoriau plant refened here by Meissner having the
Qvary quite ghibrous, is much nearer to P. lanceolala, and is described below as P. con-
fertifiora.

26. P. media, P. Br. Prot. Nov. 16. A tall erect shrub, the young-
branches ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves lanceolate or almost elliptical,

392 civ. pROTEACEiE. [Persoouia.

sometimes oblique or slig-htly falcate, acTiminate or acute, contracted
into a short petiole, 2 to 4 m. long-, flat thin and g-labrous, very ob-
liquely veined. Pedicels axiUary, 1 to 2 lines long-, ferrug-inous or

flabrous, solitary or very rarely irreg-uhu-ly chistered. Perianth fidly
lines long-, pubescent with short apprcssed hairs, the segments tipped
with short subulate points. Anther-connective not produced beyond
the cells. Ovary more or less silky-hirsute but usually much less so
than in P.ferruginea and P. cornifulia and the hairs sometimes almost
disappearing-, the stipes g-labrous ; style elongated, with a terminal
Btio-ma: ovules 2. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. <342.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, Fraser, W. Hill, F. Mueller.

N. S. "Wales. Hastings and Clarence rivers, Be.cldcr.

Some specimens come near to some varicties of P. lanceohita, but independently of
the hairs of the ovary, P. media has usually tliiiincr, more veined leaves, larger pedi-
cels, and more prominent subulate tips to the perianth-segments.

27. P. cornifolia, A. Cunn. ; R. Br. Prot. Nov. 16. A tall erect
shrub, the branches pubescent, the young leaves ciliate on the marg-ins
and sometimes pubescent, the adult foliag-e g-labrous. Leaves from
broadly obovate or ovate to elliptical-oblong- or even broadly lanceolate,
acute when narrow or obtuse when broad, usually mucronate, contracted
into a very short petiole, mostly 1 to 2 in. long-, flat, rather rig-id, the
midrib slightly prominent and sometimes obscurely and very obliquely
veined. Pedicels solitary in the axils or clustered on a very short
axillary branch with the floral leaves reduced or abortive, sometimes
very short, rarely 2 to 3 lines long-. Perianth shortly silky-pubescent,
5 to G lines long-, without points to the seg-ments. Anther-connective
not produccd beyond the cells. Ovary densely silky-villous, on a very
short glabrous stipes ; style elongated, with a terminal stigma ; ovides
2. — Meissii. in DC. Prod. xiv. 341 ; P. tinifolia, A. Cunn. Herb.

Queensland. T,ogan and Brisbane rivers, Jloreton Bay and ishind, Fraser, A.
Cuimi»g]taiii, F. Mueller, and others.

N. S. 'Wales. Macleay, Clarence, and Eichuiond rivers, Beclder, C. Moore ;
New Engiaiid, C. Stuart.

The folinge of tliis species is very variable, but the leavcs are usnally shortcr, broader,
and less veined tlian in the preceding species, and the perianth bas neitlier the ferru-
ginous bairs o( P. ferrvginea nor the suLulate tips ofP. media; the hairs of the ovary
are constantly dcnse.

28. P. marginata, P. Br. Prot. Nov. 10. A shrub with pubescent
branches. Leaves ovate obovate or broadly elliptical-oblong-, mucro-
nate, contracted at the base but scarcely petiohite, f to 1| in. long-,
flat, coriaceous, g-hibrous and often shining', the midrib prominent
underneath, more or less distinctly penniveined and sometimes 3-
nerved. Pedicels exceeding-ly short, pubescent, solitar}- or clustered
v;ith much rcduced or abortive floral leaves. Perianth slightly i^ubes-
cent, about 5 lines long-, the segments tipped with horn-like dorsal
points. Anther-connective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary
densely hirsute, on a short g-labrous stipes; style elong-ated, with a

Persoonia.] civ. proteace/"E. ^^^'^

terminal stig-ma; ovules 2. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 341 ; P. ohcorduta,
A. Cunn. Herb.

N. S. Wales. Barrcn roeky Inlls north of Bathiirst antl on tlie Cujeegong river,
A. Cunningham. R. Brown describes the anthers as silky on the back, whii^h I have
not foLincl to be tlie case in the flowers I examined. Meissnor distingiiishcs two
varieties with oval and obovate leaves, both however may be observed on tlie same
specimens.

29. P. sericea, A. Cunn. ; R. Br. Prot. Nov. 14. An erect shrub re-
sembling- at first sig-ht some forms of P. rigida, but the indumentum
softer • branches densely ferrug-inous-pubescent or villous. Leaves
obovate oblong' or oblanceolate, mueronate, but otherwise obtuse, con-
tracted at the base but scarcely petiohite, f to \\ in. long-, flat, pubes-
cent on both sides and in the broader leaved forms densely silky, pen-
niveined. Flowers solitary in the axils but a few of the fioral leaves
sometimes much reduced. Pedicels villous, at first very short, 2 to 3
lines long- wlien in fruit. Perianth pubescent, about 5 lines long-, the
seg-ments obtuse, without points. Anther-connective not produced be-
yond the cells. Ovary densely villous, on a g-hibrous stipes; style
elong-ated, villous ; ovules 2. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 342.

N. S. VTales. Liverpool plains and neighbouring ranges, A. Cunningham, Leich-
hardt, C. 3Ioore (with the leaves nearly all obovate) ; barren country soiith-west of
Lachian river, ^-1. Cunningham ; New England, C. Stuart ; Clarence river, Beclder (all
with the leaves mostly narrow).

The broad-leavcd more silky form, constituting Meissner's var. /3, or P. veluiina, A.
Cunn. MS., appears to be the one that R. Brown had chietiy in view, the narrow-leaved
specimens come very near to P Mitchellii, and 1 shouid have kept up tlie two at lea.st
as distiiict varieties, but that sonie of tlie latter have a few broadly obovate lenves on
the principal stems, and some broad leaved speciraens have narrow leaves on the lateral
branches. The specimens are none of them iu very good flower.

30. P. Mitchellii, Meissn. in Hook. Kcw Journ. vii. 73, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 342. An erect shrub with pubescent or villous branches.
Leaves oblong--linear spathulate or rarely almost obovate, obtuse with
a small point or acute, narrowed at the base, 1 to 2 in. long-, pubescent
w^hen young-, at length glabrous or nearly so. Pedicels 3 to 4 lines
long-, erect or recurved, axillary or forming- terminal or subterminal
racemes by the reduction of the iloral leaves to small bracts. Perianth
villous, 4 to 5 lines long-, the seg-ments without points. Anther-con-
nective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary villous, on a g-labrous
stipes ; style elong-ated ; ovules 2.

Queensland. Burnett river, Hahj ; Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller. (I
have niit seen Mitchtirs typical specimen frtjm the interior.)

N. S. ■^Vales. New EngUmd, C. Stuart.

I do not feel very confident in having properly dislinguished this species from P.
sericia. Possibly some of ihe narrow-leaved specimens wliich I have refirred to the
latter may be)ong ratlier to P. M tchellii, or P. Mitchelli itself may be only a variety of
P. sericea. The series of specimens is not complete enough to dctermine these points.

31. P. fastigiata, L\ Br. Prot. Nov. 13. A shrub witli rather
slender branches shortly pubescent. Leaves rather crowded, incurved,
narrow-linear, scarcely acute, attenuate at the base, the marg-ins re-

394 Civ. PROTEACEiE. [Persoo/iia.

curved or revolute, | to l^ in. long-, more ov less scabrous-pubescent.
Pedicels slender, solitary or clustered in the axils (the floral leaves
abortive), 1 to 2 lines long'. Perianth minutely pubescent or hirsute,
8 to 3| lines long-. Anther-connective not produced beyond the cells.
Ovary densely hirsute, on a g-h\brous stipes ; style elong-ated j ovules 2.
— Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 337.

N. S. T^ales. In the interior, Fraser ; Robinson Ranges and Dogwood Creek,
Leichhardt. Kcsemliles sometimes P. curvifolia, but with smaller flowers and hirsute
ovaries.

32. P. hirsuta, Pirs. S^». i. 118. A spreading- shrub of 2 or 3 ft.,
the whole plant pubescent or hirsute, or the foliage at leng-th scabrous
onlj' or rarely nearly glabrous. Leaves sessile, broadly hnear-lanceolate
or oblong", obtuse or scarcely acute, with revolute marg'ins, rarely above
^ in. long-. Flowers sessile or on pedicels rarely exceeding- 1 line,
sohtary in tlie axils but usually several crowded at or near the ends of
the branches and sometimes the lower floral leaves abortive. Perianth
densely hirsute with spreading- hairs, about 5 lines long-. Anther-con-
nective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary densely hirsute on a
g-labrous stipes ; style elongated ; ovule solitary. Drupe obliquely
elHpsoid, i to | in. long-. — E. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 161, Prod.
372, Prot.^Nov. 13 ; Rudg-e in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 291, t. 16; Meissn.
in DC. Prod. xiv. 33? ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 327.

N. S. \^^ales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, i?. Brown, Sieher, n. 66,
and many others. However variable the leaves may be in breadth, they scarcely
supply the means of distinguishing marked vaiieties as proposed by Meissner. In our
specimens of Sieber's P. arida, Pl. Exs. 7i. 55, tliey are not broader than in those of his
n. 56, but rather scabrous than hirsute. In A. Cunningham's P. aspera, from between
Hunter's and Eichmond rivers, they are very scabrous, short, aiid rather broad ; in K.
Brown's typical specimens they are narrow and Terj' hispid.

33. P. chamsepitys, A. C/ot». in Fidd, N. S. Walcs, 329. A pros-
trate or divaricate shrub, quite g-hibrous or the young- branches shg-htly
pubescent. Leaves crowded, narrow-hnear, acute and rigid but scarcely
pung-ent-pointed, channelled underneath with revohite margins, not
scabrous, mostly about | in. long-. Flowers very shortly pedicellate,
sohtary within each floral leaf but crowded into short heads or clusters
at or below the ends of the branches, wdth rediiced floral leaves. Perianth
4 to 6 Hnes long-, g-hibrous or sprinkled with a few appressed hairs.
Anther-connective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary densely
hirsute, on a g-habrous stipes ; stvle elong-ated ; ovule solitary. — R. Br.
Prot. Nov. 13; Meissn. in DC. 'Vvo&. xiv, 335 ; P. fjnidioides, Sieb. in
Spreng-. Svst. Cur. Post. 45, and in Roem. and Schiilt. Syst. iii. Mant.
269.

N. S. IVales. Ehie Mountains, A. Cunningham, Sieber, n. 53.

34. P. arborea, F. Mudl. Fragm. v. 37, vi. 221. A tree of about
30 ft., the branclies aiid sometimes the young- shoots hoary-pubescent
or ferrug-inous. Leaves oblong--lanceolate, obtuse or scarcely pointed,
contracted into a petiole, g-labrous above, minutely pubescent under-

Persoonia.] civ. PROTEACE.ti:. 395

neath, mo.stly 2 to 4 in. long-, lliit or the margins slij^-htly recurved.
Flowers solitary in the axils but the tloral leaves sometimes reducecl to
small bracts or quito abortive at the base of the young- shoots, Pedicels
pubescent, 1 to 2 lines long*. Perianth larg-er than in any species ex-
cept P. (junniij 8 to 9 lines long', silky-pubescent, the seg"ments with
rather thick conical dorsal tips. Anther-connective not produced be-
yond the cells. Ovary stipitate, ghibrous ; style elong-ated ; ovules 2.

Victoria. Moist shady woods on the upper T^^ers, Tarwin, Latrobe, Tangil, and
Yarra rivers, iind in tlie beech woods of the Luwer regions of the Kaw-Baw Mountains,
F. Mueller.

35. P. salicina, Pers. Syn. i. 118. A tall shrub, the young
branches minutely pubescent, the foUag-e g-lahrous. Leaves oblong--
lanceolate, more or less obHque or falcate, obtuse or mucronate-acute,
contracted into a short petiole, mostly 4 to 8 in. long-, llat, not very
thick, more or less distinctly 3-nerved and obHquely veined. Flowers
at the base of the shoots axillary or below the leaves, the floral leaves
mostly abortive or much reduced. Pedicels 2 to 4 lines long, g-labrous
or pubescent. Perianth glabrous or sHghtly pubescent, 5 to 6 Hnes
long-, the seg'ments without terminal points. Anther-connective not
produced beyond the cells. Ovary stipitate, g"labrous ; style elong-ated ;
ovules 2. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 1G3, Prod. 373 ; Meissn. in
DC. Prod. xiv. 343.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieher, n. 60, and many others ; Hast-
ings river, Beckler ; Port Macquarrie, Tozer.

Var. ? Muelleri. Quite glabrous. Leaves broader, less falcate or straight, thicker,
with nerve-like margins, and mostly 2 to 4 lines long. Pedicels shorter. Perianth not
seen, the specimens all in fruit only. — Twofokl Bay and Genoa liver, F. Mudler.

36. P. prostrata, 7?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 163, Prod. 373. A
traiHng* prostrate or low and diffuse shrub, extending- sometimes to 2
or 3 ft., giabrous or the young shoots sHg-htly pubescent. Leaves
broadly elHptical oblong- or ahnost hinceohite, acute or mucronate, con-
tracted into a very short petiole, 1 to 1| in. long-, not so rigid as in P.
cornifolia, scarcely veined except the sHg-htly prominent midrib. Pedicels
short, axillary, soHtary or clustered on reduced axiHary shoots. Perianth
giabrous, 4 to 5 Hnes long-, the seg-ments without terminal points.
Anther-connective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary stipitate,
glabrous ; style elongated ; ovules 2. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 342 ;
P. daphnoides, A. Cunn. ; R. Br. Prot. Nov. 15; Meissn. in DC. Prod.
xiv. 339.

Queensland. Sandy Cape, Hervey Bay, B.Brown.

N. S. TVales. Hunter's river, A Cunniiuiliam ; New England near Armidale
and head ot Macleay river, C. Stuart ; Mount Mitcliell, BecJder.

The specimens are several of them very unsatisfactury, but all described as prosfrate.
The toliage is nearly that of some short leaved specimeiis of P. cornijolia, but the ovary
is glabrous; the leaves also resemble those of P. revoluta, but are flatter and greeu on
both sides.

37. P. lanceolata, Andr. Bot. Bep. t. 74. An erect shrub of several
ft., the branches and young shoots hoary-pubescent, the adult foHage

396 civ. PROTKACE.Ti:. [Persuoiiia.

glabrous or nearly so. Leaves lanceolate or ol)long'-lanceolate, mucro-
nate-acute, mucli contracted into a short petiole, mostly l^ to 2i in.
lony, tlat, tlie midrib slig'litly prominent, tlie marg-ins scarcely nerve-
like, otlierwise veinless. Pedicels exceeding-Iy sliort, solitary or 2
tog'ether, pubescent, rarely 1 line long\ Perianth about 5 lines long-,
pubescent with very sliort appressed hairs, the seg^ments without ter-
minal points. Anther-connective not produced beyond the cells.
Ovary glabrous, contracted into a short stipes ; style elong-ated ; ovules
2.— ii. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 1G2, Prod. "373 ; Meissn. in DC.
Prod. xiv. 340 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 25 ; P. ligustrinn, Knig-ht, Prot.
100 ; P. plavcesccm, Sieb. in Roem, and Schult. S^^st. iii. Mant. 271.

N. S. VTales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieher, n. 47 and 57, and many others :
New England, C. Stuart.

Var. ? lcevis. The whole plant glabrous. Leaves rather longer and thinner, broad
or narrow. Pedicels not quite so short. — Clarence aud Matleay rivers, J5efA/e?'; Port
Jackson ? (froni garden specimens )

To the above variety may probably be referred LinJcia heris, Cav. Ic. iv. Gl, t. 389
(very badly figured and describid), F. latifolia, Andr. Bot. llep. t. 280, and perhap^ al.so
of Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1509. P. attevuata, K. Br. Prot. Nov. 16, Meissn. in DC. Prod.
xiv. 342, from Moreton Bay, Fraser, is described Irom spccimens in fruit only, and may
be either a variety of P. media or this varlety of P. lanceolata, which connects in some
measure the two species as to foiiage and length of pedictls, neglecting the haiiiness of
the ovary in P. media. The exact discrimination of P. lanceolata and several allied
species is often very difficult.

38. P, confertiflora, Benth. An erect shrub of 1 to 3 ft., the
branches and inflorescence slig'htly ferruginous-pubescent, otherwise
glabrous. Leaves broadly lanceolate or ovate-elliptical, acute, con-
tracted at the base into a very short petiole, 2 to 3 in. long", flat, tlie
midrib prominent underneath, more or less distinctly veined, and some-
times 3-nerved. Flowers 6 to 10 tog-ether in short dense leafless
axillary racemes or clusters, the rliachis at length g-rowing- out to 3 or
4 lines, ferrug-inous-pubescent as well as the very sliort pedicels, the
racemes or clusters sometimes shortly pedunculate, with a pair of small
bracts. Perianth about 5 lines long-, villous with appressed ferruginous
or silky hairs, the seg-ments without terminal points. Anther-connec-
tive not produced beyond tlie cells. Ovary ver}^ shortly stipitate, quite
glabrous ; style elong-tited ; ovules 2. Driipe small, ovoid.

Victoria. Scrubby declivities of the Stringy-bark ranges towards Gipps' Land,
Mitta-Mitta and Genoa rivers, F. Muelle.r. These specimens were referred by F.
Mueller and Meissner (in DC. Prod. xiv. 343) to P. ferriiginea, which they resemble at
first sight, but tlie ovary is perfectly glabrous, aud the ailiidty appears to metobemuch
greater with P. lanceolata.

30. P. lucida, 7?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 161, Prod. 372. A ttill
shrub or snuiU tree of 12 to 10 ft. with a lamellose bark, the voung-
branches tomentose or sliortly pubescent, the foliage g-labrous. Leaves
linear-lanceolate, mostly acute, shortly contracted at the base, 2 to 4 in.
long', flat or with recurved margins, rather thin, obscurely and flnely
veined. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long-, more slender and less pubescent
than in P. lanceolata, all axillary or forming' racemes at the base of the

Persoonia.] Civ. proteacetk. 397

branches owing- to tlie abortion or reduction of tlie lower floral leaves.
Periantli sliy-htly pubescent, 4 or 5 lines long-, the seg-ments with
niinnto torminal ])oints or withont any. Anther-connoctive not pro-
duced beyond the cells. Ovar}' g'htbrous, on a very short stipes; style
elong-ated ; ovules 2. — Meissn. in DC. Prod, xiv. 3;J9.

N. S. ^Vales. Nepean river, Baucr ; Port Jackson to the Bhie Mountains, WooUs,
A. Cunnint/liciDi ; Sjdiiey woods, Mncartlmr, Faris Exhibition, 1855, n. 150 and 225,
from Port Jackson, and n. 11 froni lllawarra.

Var. ? laiifolia. Leaves ratlier broader and thinner. Perianth rather longer, with
more evident points to the segmeuts. — Clarence river, Beclcler.

40. P. linearis, Andr. Bot. licp. t. 77. A tall slirub or small tree
of 10 to L?0 ft., the young- branches pubescent or villous, the adult
foliag-e usually g-labrous. Leaves rather crowded, linear, acute or
ahnost obtuse, contracted at the base, 1 to 2 in. long-, | to l^ lines
broad, obscurely veined. Pedicels solitary, 1 to 3 Hnes long-. Perianth
about 5 Hnes long-, more or less pubescent with short appressed hairs.
Anther-connective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary giabrous,
stipitate ; style elong-ated ; ovules 2. Drupe ovoid. — R. Br. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. x. 161, Prod. 372 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 335 ; Vent.
Jard. Mahn. t. 32 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 700 ; F. angustifuliu Knight, Prot. 99 ;
P. pinifolia, Sieb. PL Exs. ; P.^Jilifolia, Dietr. ; lioem. and Schult. Syst.
iii. 401 ; P. prtdnosa, A. Cunn. ; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2 .'' (the specimens
not in tiower) ; Pentadactylon anc/mtifoUnm, Gtertn. f. Fr. iii. 219, t. 220 ;
Persoonia pcntadactylon Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2.

Queensland. Stradbrooke islacd, Fraser.

N. S Wales. Port Jackson to tlie Blue Mountain,<!, R.Broion, Si^her, n. 50, and
manyothirs; northward to Ha.siings and JMacleay rivers, ^ecWer/ southward to lUa-
warra, Slieplierd, A. Cunningham, Macarthur, Paris Exhibition, n. 115, and Twofold
Bav, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Genoa and Snowy rivcrs and Nangatta mountains, F. Mueller.

Var. stricea. Silky-pubesceut at the time of tiowering. — Shoalhaven river, C.Moore.

The fruit of this species is said to be one of those most known under the name of
"Geebung." The plant varies much in the brcadth of the leavcs. K. Brown describes
the bark as smooth, and the leaves of his specimeus are all very narrow ; F. Mueller
and others have sent witli their specimens, mostly with broader leaves, a iamellose bark
like that ot' F. lucida. The real distinction between the tvvo species requires therefore
furlher eluciJation irom the observation of living specimens.

In referring Gsertner's Pentadactijlon to this species, I have been guided by a speci-
men in the Banksian Herbarium named Fersoonia angustifolia in the same handwriting
as the name of Fersooniaferruginea, there given to a .«pecimen of the latter plant from
the same collection (Mr. Burlon), whicli was evidently the one wliich Ga^rtner also de-
scribed under the latter narae. The lobed embryo he figures has also been observed
by F. Mueller iu F. chamcepeuce.

41. P. pinifolia, P. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 100, Prod. 372. A

shrub attaining- 8 to 10 ft., with virg-ate branches "■ often pendulous,"
pubescent as well as the young loaves, the adult foHag-e giabrous. Leaves
crowded, erect or incurved, Hnear-fiHform, acute, with recurved margins,
channelled underneath, 1 to 2 in. long, the floral ones not exceeding- the
flowers but otherwise similar. Flowers on very short pedicels or almost
sessile, soHtary within the floral leaves but owing- to their reduced size

398 CIV, PROTEACEiE. [Pcrsooriia.

forming' a dense terminal raceme of 2 or 8 in. or even twice thatleng-th.
Perianth sHg-htly silky-pubescent, 4 to 5 lines long-, the seg-ments rather
obtuse. Anther-connective not producedbeyond the cells. Ovary g-la-
brous, stij^itate ; style elong-ated ; ovule soHtary. Fruit ovoid, scarcely
obHque, about ^- in. long-. — Rudge in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 290, t. 16 ;
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 884.

N. S. ^Vales. Port .Tackson to the Blue Mountains, B. Brown, and many others.
Sydney woods, Paris Exhibition, 1855, iVArthur, n. 216.

42. P. Caleyi, i?. Br. Prot. Nov. 13. A shrub of several ft., the
branches tomentose-pubescent. Leaves narrow-Hnear, acute or almost
obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long-, wuth sHghtly rccurved marg-ins, veinless, g-la-
brous above, pale and often minutely pidjescent underneath. Flowers
axilkiry, soHtary (or rarely 2 together '(), sessile or on exceeding-ly short
pedicels. Periantli slender, sHglitly tomentose or nearly gdabrous, about
5 Hnes long-, the scg-ments tipped with fine points. Anther-connective
not produced beyond the cells. Ovary glabrous^ on a short slender
stipes. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 385.

N. S. ^Vales. Jarvis Bay, Caley.

Victoria? Wilson's Promontory, Baxter, but possibly some mistake in this station.

I have seen this pbint only in li. Bro\vn'8 heibarium, where there are several good
specimens. It is evidently allied to P. hdifolia and P. revoluta, but with the very
narrow leavcs of P. linearis, and distingiiished from all three by the long points of the
perianth-scgnifnts.

43. P. ledifolia, A. Ciain. ; Mcissn,. in DC. Prod. xiv. 389. A tall
erect busliy shrub, the branches shortly ferruginous-villous. Leaves
oblong--Hnear or nearly lanceolate, obtuse, very shortly contracted at
the base, 1 to 2 in. long-, tlie margins recurved, g'labrous and smooth
above, pale or hoary and often minutely pubescent underneath. Pedicels
axillary, excecding-ly short, villous. Perianth about 5 lines long-, slig'htly
villous, with spreading- hairs, the segments without terminal points.
Anther-connective not produced beyond the cclls. Ovary g'labrous, on
a very !<hort stipes; style elong-ated; ovules 2. Drupe obliquely ovoid.

N. S. '^Vales. IUawarra, A. Cunningham, Shjiherd.

44. P. revoluta, Sich. in lioem. and Schult. Sijst. iii. Mant. 272. An
erect or spreading- shrub of 2 to 4 ft., the young- shoots silky, the adult
foliag-e g-labrous or nearly so. Leaves in the ty])ical form obovate-oblong
to oblong'-lanceolate, very obtuse, shortly contracted at the base, but
not distinctly petiolate, f to 1 in. long-, with recurved or revolute mar-
g;ins, coriaceous, gdabrous and smooth above, pale or white and long- re-
taining- a slight pubescence underneath. Flowers solitary, erect on very
short pedicels. Perianth silky-pubescent, about 5 lines long-, the seg'-
ments tipped with short points. Ovary glabrous, stipitate ; style elon-
gatcd; ovulcs 2.— R. Br. Prot. Nov. 14 j Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 339.

N. S. Wales. Bluo Mountains, Sieher, n. 48, A. Cunningham, Woolls, Miss
Atldnson ; Berrima, M'Arthur.

Var. anguslifolia. Leaves mostly oblong-linear. — Blue Mountains, Miss Atlinson ;
Argyle County, M'Arthur.

Persoonia.] civ, proteace.e. 399

This species as well as the P. prostrata was designated by A. Cunningham by the
nanie of P. dapJinoides.

45. P. Gunnii, HooA-.f. >» Hooh. Lond. Journ. vi. 283, Fl. Tasni. i. 321.
An erect busliy shrub ot" G to 10 ft., the brauclies aud youug- shoots
more or less hoary or silky-tomentose. Leaves rather crowded, cuneate-
oblong- oblono--Hnear or linear-spathulate, f to 1| in. long", obtuse, ilat,
thick, nerveless, contracted into a short petiole, quite g-hibrous in the
typical form. Flowers larg-er than in any species except P. arhorca, on
short thick tomentose pedicels, all soHtary in the axils, but sometimes
clustered towards the ends of the branches. Perianth hoary-pubescent
or nearly g4abrous, 8 to 9 lines long*. Anther-connective not produced
beyond the cells. Ovary stipitate, g-labrous, style elong-ated ; ovules 2. —
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 340.

Tasmania. Mountain regions, Lake St. Clair, May-Dayplains, Gunn; Port Davy,
MiV.igan; Mount Lapeyrouse, C. Stuart.

Var. angustifolia. More silky ; leaves narrower and longer; perianth more pubes-
cent. — Macquarrie Harbour, Jlilligan. Some of the Mount Lapeyrouse specimens
closely connect the two extreme forms.

46. P. moUis, P. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. IGl, Prod. S72. A tall
erect slirub or small tree, the young- branches ferrug-inous-villous.
Leaves lanceolate or Hnear-lanceolate, acute, shortly contracted at the
base, mostly 1| to 2| in, long-, the margins recurved, g^abrous above
when young- aud more or less veined, paler pubescent and veiuless un-
derneath or rarely when okl quite giabrous. Flowers sessile or on very
short villous pedicels, the lioral leaves sometimes ahnost opposite, or in
whorls of 3. Perianth densely villous, 6 to 6 lines long* or even rather
longer. Anther-connective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary
stipitate, giabrous ; style elong-ated ; ovules 2, but one of them often
abortive at a very earlv stag'e. Drupe small, oblique, — Meissn. in DC.
Prod. xiv. 339.

N. S. ^Vales. J31ue Mountains, B. Brown, Sieher, n. .54, A. and R. Canningham,
Jliss Atldnson. In sonie herbaria specimens of P. hirsuta are designated by A. Cun-
niugham uader the name of P. mollis.

47. P. Hgida, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 14. A bushv shrub of 3 or 4 ft.,
the branches softly tomentose-villous and often ferrug-inous. Leaves
from obovate to linear-spathulate, mucronate, much contracted at the
base butscarcelypetiolate, f to \^ in. long-, themarg-ins usually recurved
or replicate, softly or scabrous-pubescent at least when young-, and more
so and the midrib more conspicuous on the upper than on the under
surface, the old leaves rarely glabrous. Flowers almost sessile and
solitary in the axils, but sometimes several crowded at the base of
axillary shoots with one or two of the iloral leaves reduced to small
bracts. Perianth densely villous, 6 to nearly 6 Hnes long-. Anther-
connective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary stipitate, o-labrous ;
style elong-ated ; ovules 2. Fruit broad, about | in. long-. — Meissn. in
DC. Prod. xiv. 337 ; P. spathulata, Sieb. in Roem. and Schult. Svst. iii.

400 civ. PROTEACE^. [Persootita.

271, and probably also Lodd. Bot. Cal). 1. 1199, and therefore of Meissn.
in DC. l.f. S:iS j)artly, but not of R. Br.

N. S. Wales. IJlue Mountains, Caley, A. CunniiigJiam ; Macquarrie and Lachlan
rivers, A. CutiiniKjham.

Victoria. Buffalo range, Mouut Alexandcr, Foi-est Creek, Broken and King rivers,
F. Mutller.

Var.? mkrophyUa. The whole plant very scabrous. Leaves broadly spathuLate,
about 4 in. long including the iong vviiiged peiiole. Perianlh slightly scaljnnis or
hispid.— Bluo Mountains, Caley ; Castlereagh, C. Moore; also in Leichhardt' s cul-
lection.

Tlie species has sonietinies some resemblance to some varieties of P. sericca, but
readily distinguished by tlie ghibrous ovary.

48. P. curvifolia, P. Br. Prot. Nov. 13. A shrub of 1 to 3 ft., the
branches softly pubescent. Leaves rather crowded, usually incurved,
narrow-linear wirh revolute margins so as to be almost terete with a
deep g-roove nnderneatli, acute, very scabrous, | to 1-^-in. long-. Flowers
sohtary in the axils on very short pedicels or ahnost sessile, crowded at
or near the ends of the branches and a few of the floral leaves very
small or abortive, forming- a very short terminal or subterminal raceme
or spike. Pcrianth 5 or G hnes k)ng', shghtly pubescent. Anther-con-
nective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary g'kibrous, stipitate ; style
elongated ; ovules 'J. — Aleissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 337 ; P. ahietina, A.
Ctmn. ; Meissn. l.c. 336.

N. S. TVales. Harvey's range, west of Wellington valley, A. Cunningham ; St.
George's range, Fraser ; Castlereagh river, C. Moore. Resembles sonie specitnens of
P. fastigiata, under which nanie it also occurs in A. Cunningham's colleciions, but is
readiiy distinguished by the glabrous ovary.

49. P. oblongata, A. Cunn. ,- R. Br. Prot. Nov. 14. Ghabrous or
the branches very shg-htly pubescent. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or
lanceolate, mucronate-acute, rounded or contracted at the base, nearly
sessile, mostly about \\ in. long-, ilat, not thick, scarcely veined besides
the midrib. Pedicels axillary, slender, recurved, \ io ^ in. long- or
even long'er, usually g"labrous. Perianth about 5 lines long", much con-
stricted above the base, giabrous, the seg'ments without subulate points.
Ovary stipitate, quite giabrous or rarely s])rinkled with very few hairs.
— Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 341 ; P. plamfoUa, A. Cunn. Herb.

N. S. 'Wales. Towards PIunter's river, A. Cunningham ; Blue Mouutains, WooUs.

60. P. Cunninghamii, i?. Br. Prot. Nov. 15. An erect or spread-
ing' low shrub, closely allied to I\ ?>iijrtilloidcs and perhaps a variety,
the branches sparingiy pubescent or hirsute. Leaves numerous, ovate,
mucronate-acute, ^ to 1 in. long-, the larger ones often very broad,
coiiaceous, Hat, 1-nerved. Pedicels all axillary, giabrous, slender, 2 to
4 lines long'. Perianth 4 to 5 lines long-, giabrous, the seg-ments tipped
with long- clorsal subulate points. Anther-connective not produced be-
yond the cells. Ovary stipitate, giabrous ; style elong-ated ; ovules 2. —
Meissn. in 1)C. Prod. xiv. 342.

N. S. TVales. Country north of Cujccgong river, ^. rM7??!/r?/7/(am ; sandy ridges,
Liverpool plains, C. Moore. A specimen without tlowers from Mudgee, WooUs, may
Iiossibly belong also to this species.

Persoonia.] civ. pkoteace^. 401

51. P. myrtilloides, Sieb. in. Eocm. and Schult. Syst. iii. Mant. 272.
A much-brauclied spreading- slirub of 4 ft. (Frascr), the branches and
sometiuies the youug- shoots jiubescent, the adult foliag-e g-labrous or
nearl}^ so. Leaves in the typical form oblong--lanceolate, mucronate,
contracted at tlie base and sometimes shortly petiolate, | to above 1 in.
long-, rig-id, the nerve-like margin slig-htly recurved, the midrib scarcely
prominent, otherwise flat and veinless. Pedicels axillary, pubescent,
spreading-, 1 to 2 lines long-. Perianth 4 to 5 lines long-, pubescent, the
seg-ments tipped with dorsal horn-like points. Anther-connective not
produced beyond the cells. Ovary stipitate, g-labrous ; style elong-ated ;
ovules 2.— R. Br. Prot. Nov. 14; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 339; P.
oleifolia, A. Cunn. Herb.

N. S. TVales. Blue Mountains, xi. Cunningliam, Fraser, Sieher, n. 52, and
otliers.

Var. hrevifoUa. Leaves 4 to f in. long, varying from lanceolate to almost ovate, the
floral ones sometimes reduced to small bracts. Pedicels pubescent. Perianth not seen.

Victoria. Upper Genoa river and Nangatta mountains up to 4000 ft. elevation,
F. Mueller, the specimens ali in fruit only.

52. P. oxycoccoides, Sicb.in Sprcnf/. St/st. Cur. Post 4l5, andinlioem.
aml Schult. Si/st. iii. Mant. 270. A much-branched shrub, sometimes
low and bushy or even procumbent, sometimes said to be very tall,
more or less scabrous-pubescent or quite glabrous. Leaves very shortly
petiolate, orbicular ovate elliptical or oblong--lanceolate, obtuse, rig'id,
with recurved marg-ins, veinless except the midrib, 2 to 3 lines long'
when broad, twice that lenglh when narrow. Pedicels axillary, spread-
ing-, 1 to 2 lines long-. Perianth g-labrous, about 4 lines long-, the seg*-
ments without terminal points. Anther-connective not produced
beyond the cells. Ovary stipitate, g-labrous; style elong-ated ; ovule
solitary in all the ovaries opened. — R. Br. Prot. Nov. 15 ; Meissn. in
DC. Prod. xiv. 338 ; P. thi/mifolia, A. Cunn. ; R. Br. l.c. ; Meissn. l.c. ;
P. microphi/lla, R. Br. l.c. ; Meissn. l.c.

N. S. '^Vales. Blue Mountains, A. Cvnningham, Sieher, n. 49, Woolls ; Argyle
County, A. Cmminghaiu; Berrinia, 31'Arthurj- soutliern districts, C. Moore ; Shoal-
haven, Bietmann.

The majority of the numerous sijccimens I have seen are in fruit only, and in that
state the three supposed species do not appear to me to be distingui.shable even as
marked varieties, notwithstanding the great differences in the size and shape of the
leaves. Some very imperfect specimens from Darling Downs, Lau, may possibly belong
to the same species.

Var. ? longifolia. " A small tree." Leaves lanceolate, acute, about 1 in. long. —
New England, C. Stuart, and perhaps the same from the Bhie Mountains in Herb. F,
Mueller, where both are referred to P. oxycoccoides. This determination is, liowever,
very doubtful, and there are no flowers on either specinien.

53. P. nutans, P. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 1G2, Prod. 373. An
erect glabrous shrub, usually low and bushy with numerous slender
branches, tlie young* shoots rarely minutely hoary-pubescent. Leaves
narrow-linear, acute, contracted at the base, | to above 1 in. long-,
flat or the margins slightly recurved, the midrib prominent underneath.
Pedicels axillary, solitary or rarely 2 together, filiform, 3 to 5 lines

VOL. V. D D

402 civ. PROTEACEJE. [Petsoonia.

long-, vcrj spreading; or at leng-th reflexed. Periantli glabrous, about
4 lines long-, the seg-ments tipped with fine points usually short. An-
ther-connective not producod beyond the cells. Ovary on a rather
long- stipes, giabrous; style elong-ated, often but not always very
flexuose at the base; ovules 2. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 335, P.
linearis, Sieb. PL Exs. ; P.Jexifolia, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 922, and con-
sequently Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 337 in part, not of R. Br.

N, S. Wales. Port Jackson to tlie Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieher, n. 4G, and
Fl. Mixt. n. 472, and mauy others.

Var. apiculata. Perianth rather longer, the points of the segments long and fine. —
P. apiculata, Meissn. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 73, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 335. — Liver-
pool road near Sydney, with the typical form, A. Cunningham. The bending of the
Htyle above the ovaryand the greater or less prominence of the tips of the segments are
both vei'y variable in the numerous specimens before me of P. nuians.

64. ? P. angulata, P. Br. Prot. Nov. 14. An erect shrub, gdabrous
or nearly so. Leaves crowded, oblong--linear or linear-lanceolate, acute
or Avith a short callous point, contracted at the base, 1 to l^ in. long-,
thick, nerveless, concave. Pedicels solitary, about 1 liue long-. Flow^ers
and fruit unknown. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 339.

N. S. 'Wales. Bhie Mountains, A. Cunningham. Evidently distiiict from all
other species, and most prohaMy a Persoonia, but it must remain doubtful till flowering
specimens have been exumined.

55. P. virgata, P. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 101, Prod. 372. A
larg^e shrub, with numerous slender branches more or less pubescent,
the adult foliag-e glabrous or nearly so, Leaves narrow-linear, acu-
minate, contracted at the base, 1 to 1 J in. long-, flat concave or g-rooved
above, convex underneath without any prominent midrib. Pedicels
slender, giabrons or minutely pubescent, about \ in. long-. Perianth
glabrous, 4 to 4| lines long, the segments tipped with minute points.
Anther-connective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary giabrous, on
a rather short and thick stipes ; style elong-ated ; ovules 2. — Meissn. in
DC. Prod. xiv. 338; P. linariifolia, A. Cunn. Herb. ; P. tenvifolia,
Meissn. l.c. 334, not of R. Br.

Queensland. Sandy Cape, Hervey Bay, B Vr-ywn ; sandy shores of Stradbrooke
Island, .1. Cunningliam, Fraser ; Moreton Isiand, M'Gillivray, F. 3Iueller; Pine river,
Fitzulan.

N. S. '^Vales. Cape Byron, C. Moore.

This species resembles in some respects P. nutans, but the flowers are more ercct
and the leaves grooved on the upper and not on the under side, the margins rather in-
curved than rccurved.

56. P. chamsepeuce, IJuifsltu ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 336. A
low- documbent or erect shrub, cpiite giabrous or the young- shoots
sparingiy pubescent. Leaves spreading-, linear, acute but not pung-ent,
contracted at the base, rigid, flat or slightly concave, without any pro-
minent midrib, \ to 1 in. long". Pedicels axillary, solitary, rarely above
2 lines long-. Perianth giabrous, acuminate, about 5 lines long\ An-
ther-connective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary stipitate,
glabrous ; style elong-ated ; ovules solitary in the ovaries examined. —

PersOO/tia.] CIV. PROTEACEiE. 403

P. mffmticosa, F. Muell. Ist Gen. Rep. 17; P. Culnji, F. Muell. Pl.
Vict. ii. t. 09, not of R. Br.

N. S. '^Vales. Barren rocky hills near Bathurst, A. Cunnivf/ham, Woolls.
Victoria. HarcHnge and Buftalo r;nif;es, niountains on Macalister river, between
Lod(lon and Creswick Creeks, between Brokcn and Ovens rivers, F. Mueller.

57. P. juniperina, Lnhill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i, 33, t. 45. A bushy or
divaricate shrub, sometimes low and spreading-, more frequently 5 or 6
f"t. hig-h or even much taller, the young- shoots silky-pubescent, the
older foliag'e g'labrous or nearly so. Leaves sessile, narrow-linear,
rig-id and pung-ent-pointed, flat or concave, the midrib prominent under-
neath but not always very distinct, ^ to 1 in. long-. Flowers axillary,
solitary, on very short pedicels. Perianth shortly silky-pubescent or
nearly g-labrous, about 4 lines long-, the segments without subulate
points. Anther-connective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary
stipitate. g-labrous ; style elong-ated ; ovules 2. — R. Br. in. Trans. Linn.
Soc. X. 160, Prod. 372 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 336 ; Hook. f. Fl.
Tasm. i. 321 ; P. surrecta, F. Muell. in Adelaide Deutsch. Zeit. 1851,
(Meissn.)

Victoria. Port Phillip, B. Brown ; from the Glenelg, Bohertson, and Melbourne,
Adamson, to Genoa river, F. Mueller; Dandenong ranges and Grampians, F. MueUer ;
^Vimmera, Dallachy.

Tasmania, Labillardlere; Port Dalrymple, B. Brown ; very common, ascending
to 3200 ft., /. D. Hoolcer.

S. Australia. Mount Lofty range, F. Mueller ; Tattiara country, Woods.

68. P. tenuifolia, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 12, iKit not of Meissn. A shrub
with slender slig-htly pubescent branches. Leaves crowded, filiform,
more or less spreading-, acute but not pung-ent, nearly terete, g-rooved
above, g'labrous, | to | in. long-. Pedicels axiUary, rarely 1 line long-.
Perianth g'labrous, 4 to 5 lines long-, the seg-ments without subulate
points. Anther-connective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary
stipitate, g-labrous ; style elong-ated ; ovules 2. Fruit broad.

Queensland. Logan and Brisbane rivers, Fraser; Glasshouses and Moreton Bay
F. Mueller.

N. S. VJTales. New England, C. Stuart ; Biroa, Leichhardt.

59. P. acerosa, Sieb. in Roem. and Schult. St/st. iii. 3fanf. 269. A
shrub of 2 to 6 ft., with slender virg-ate branches, the whole plant quite
g-labrous or a few hairs on the young- shoots, tlie specimens usually dry-
ing' very black. Leaves crowded, more erect than in P. tenuifolia, fili-
form, acute but not pungent, nearly terete, grooved above, | to f in.
long-. Flowers axillary, on very short erect pedicels, scatteredor form-
ing' a long leafy raceme. Perianth g-labrous, 4 to 5 lines long, tlie seg-
ments tipped with long subulate points. Anther-connective not pro-
duced beyond the cells. Ovary stipitate, g-labrous ; style elong-ated ;
ovules solitary in all the ovaries examined. Fruit ovoid. — R. Br. Prot.
Nov. 13 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 335 ; P. paJlida, Grah. in Edinb.
New Phil. Journ. 1828-9, 177 ; Meissn. l.c. 334.

N. S. ^Vales. Blue Mountains, Sieher, n. 59, Fraser, Backhouse, Miss Athinson,
Woolls ; Blawarra, Shepherd. I tind this specics as well as P. curvifolia sometimea
dcsignated as B. ahietina, A. Cunn.

D D 2

404 CIV. PROTEACE^.

SuBORDER 2, FoLLicuLARES. — Fruit deliiscent, follicular or 2-
valved or rarely drupaceous and indeliiscent. Flowers usually in pairs,
with a sing'le bract to each pair, or rarely the inllorescence anomalous.
Ovules 2 or more, collateral in each pair.

Tribe 5. Grevillee^. — Ovules 2 or 4, all collateral. Seeds with-
out any intervening- substances or separated only by a thin lamina or
mealy substance. Flowers in racemes or rarely in umbels or clusters,
with deciduous or abortive bracts or rarely surrounded by an involucre
of imbricate bracts.

13. HELICIA, Lour.

Flowers hermaplirodite. Perianth reg-ular, the tube slender, the
laminte small, the segments all much revohite wlien separating". Anthers
on short filaments inserted a little below the hmiince, the connective
produced into a short appendag'e. Hypogynous g-lands equal, distinct
or united in a ring- or cup round the ovary. Ovary sessile, with a long'
straig-ht style, slig-htly thickened at the end with a terminal stig-ma ;
ovules 2, ascending-, laterally attached near the base. Fruit hard,
nearly g-lobular, indehiscent (withovit any fleshy exocarp ?). Seeds either
sohtary and giobuhir or two tog-ether and hemispherical ; testa veined
or rug-ose ; cotyledons thick and fleshy. — Trees or tall shrubs. Leaves
alternate, entire or toothed. Flowers pedicellate in pairs, in terminal
or axillary simple racemes, the pedicels of each pair often more or less
connate. Bracts very deciduous (or sometimes none ?).

The genus is spread over tropical Asia extending nortliwards to Japan. The Austra-
lian species appear to be all endemic, although one of them closely resembles one of the
most widely dispersed of the Asiatic oncs. The young fruits I have seen appear to be
fleshy externally, tho fcw ripe ones are detached, woody and smooth, but the exocarp
may be deciduous as in Macadamia ternifolia.

Leaves mostly entire. Flowers glabrous.

Perianth 7 to 8 hnes long. Hypogynous ghmds oblong or

obovoid, quite distinct 1. H. prcealta.

Perianth slcnder, about \ in. loug. Hypogyn"ns glands broad,

truncate but distinct 2. H. australasica.

Perianth slender, about 4 hnes long. Hypogynous glands more

or less connate in a trmicate ring or cup 3. H. glahrijlora.

Leaves mostly serrate. Perianth small, deusely ferruginous-villous
as well as the whole infloresceuce 4. 7/. ferrnginea.

1. H. prsealta, F. Muell. Fraijm. iii. 37. A moderate sized orsome-
times lofty tree attaining 100 ft., giabrous except the inflorescence
which is often minutely tomentose. Leaves lanceolate, usually narrow,
obtuse or acuminate, contracted into a petiole, quite entire in all the speci-
mens seen, only 3 or 4 in. long- in a few specimens, inostly G to 10 in.
in others, coriaceous, often shining-, penniveined and reticuhite, the
veins fine. Racemes axillary or lateral, 3 to 6 in. long-, the rhachis
rigid. Pedicels 2 to 3 Hnes long-, united to above the middle. Perianth
7 to 8 hnes lonjj. Hypog-ynous giands quite distinct and narrow. Ovary

ffelicia.] civ. proteace^i;. 405

g-labrous. Fruit smootli and hard, above 1 in. diameter, but not seen
quite ripe. Seed (nearly full-gTown) with a deeply rugose testa.

Queensland. Scrubs near Brisbane, W. Hill.

N. S. 'Wales. Clarence river, Beckler, C.3Ioore; Riclimond river, C. Moore.

2. H. australasica, F. MneU. in Ilook. Kew Joxirn, ix. 27. A small
tree, quite glabrous. Leaves oval-elliptical, obtiise or scarcely acumi-
nate, entire or irref^-ularly tootbed, coutracted into a very sbort petiole,
g"bibrous and veined on botli sides, 4 to 8 in. lon"-. Racemes axillary
or lateral, sborter tban tbe leaves or rarely exceeding- tbe sborter upper
ones, quite g'bibrous. Flowers in pairs on an exceedingly sbort common
pedicel so as to appear abnosfc sessile on tbe rbacbis. Periantb slender,
g-labrous, about \ in. long-, Hypogynous g'lands broad and truncate so
as apparently to form a ring- or cup, but really free. Ovary villous.
Fruit not seen.

N. Australia. Towards Macadam range, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, Schultz.
The species is very nearly allied to tlie common Asiatic H. robusta.

3. H. glabriflora, F. Muell. Fmgm. ii. 91. A small tree quite
g'labrous. Leaves ovate-elliptical, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, entire
or very rarely tootbed, contracted into a sbort petiole, 2 to 3 in. long",
coriaceous witli tbe veins less conspicuous tban in H. austmlasica. Ra-
cemes terminal axillary or lateral, very slender, glabrous, about as long
as tbe leaves, tbe rbacbis almost flliform. Pedicels free or sbortly united
at tlie base, ^^ to 1 line long. Periantb very slender, giabrous, about 4
lines long-. H^^ogynous giands more or less connate in a truncate ring'
or cup. Fruit only seen young. — H. conjtmctijiom, F. Muell. Fragm.
V. 38.

N. S. Wales. Camden Haven, C. Moore ; Leycester Creek, Ricbmond river,
Bechler.

4. H. ferruginea, F. Muell. Fmgm. iii. 37. A moderate-sized tree,
tbe brancbes and inHorescence densely villous witli ferruginous or ful-
vous bairs, wbicb often persist on tbe principal veins of tbe underside
of tbe leaves. Leaves sbortly petiolate, ovate-elliptical or oblong, acu-
minate, serrate, contracted or rounded at tbe base, 3 to 4 in. long in
some specimens, twice tbat size in otbers, tbe veins very prominent
underneatb, tbe primary ones sometimes numerous and regular, in otbers
fewer and more unequal, tbe minor reticulations also very variable.
Racemes terminal or axillary, ratber dense, sborter tban tbe leaves.
Flowers small, in pairs on a very sbort common pedicel. Perianth
slender, densely rufous-villous, 2| to 3 lines long-. H^-pogynous giands
short and broad, irregular, 2 of tbem sometimes united. Fruit not seen
ripe.

Queensland. Eockingbam Bay, Dallachy.

N. S. '^Vales. Tweed, Ricbmond and Glarence rivers, C. Moore,

40U civ. PKOTEACEiE. [Macadiimia.

14. MACADAMIA, F. Muell.

Flowers liermaphrodite. Periantli reg-ular or slig-litly irreg-ular, the
tube opening- earlier on the under side and the seg-ments, at least the
lower ones, less revolute than in Ilclma. Anthers on short filaments,
inserted a little below the laminie, the connective produced into a
g-land or very short appendage. Hypogynous g-hmds equal, distinct
or united in a ring- or cup round the ovary. Ovary sessile, with a long
straig-ht style, ovoid or chavate at the end, -with a small terminul stig'ma;
ovules 2, descending-, laterally attached at or near the top. Fruit g-lo-
bular, indehiscent, with a hard thick putamen and rather thin lleshy
exocarp. Seeds either soHtary and g-lobular or 2 and hemispherical ;
testa membranous ; cotyledons thick and fleshy. — Trees or tall shrubs.
Leaves verticiHate, entire or serrate. Flowers pedicellate in pairs, in
terminal or axilhiry simple racemes, the pedicels not connate. Bracts
very dcciduous.

The geniis is enJeiiiic in Austi-alia. It is, as observed by F. Mueller, closely allied
to Helicia, biit the verticillate leaves, constantly free pedicels, i^llgiitly oblique flowers,
descendiiig ovules and more drupaceous iruits, niay justify the retaining it as distinct.

Perianths about 8 lines long, in short dense racemes. Hypogynous

glands ovoid, distinct 1. J/. Youngiana.

Perianths 2 to 3 lines long, in slender racemes. Hypogynous
glands broad, truncate, united in a cup or ring.

Leaves in wliorls of 3 or 4. Racemes long 2. M. ternifolia.

Leaves in whurls of 5 to 7. Eacemes much shorter than the

leaves 3. J/. veriicillata.

1. M. Youngiana, F. Mucll. A shrub of 8 to 10 ft., the young-
branclies and inflorescence ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves shortly
petiolate, in whorls of 3 or 4, oblong'-elliptical, acute or acuminate,
entire or with a few small teeth, rounded or contracted at the base, 2
to 4 in. long', glabrous above, silky underneath wlien young-. Racemes
terminal, rather dense, shorter than the leaves. Pedicels ferrug-inous-
pubescent, rarely above 2 lines long-. Perianth pubescent, about 8
lines long', the three lower segments remaining- long-er coherent and less
revolute than the upper one. Anther-connectives produced into a
short obtuse appendag-e. Hypogynous glands oblong-, quite distinct.
Ovary villous ; stvle-end ovoid. — Ilclicia Youngiana, F. Muell. Frag-m.
iv. 84.

N. S. ■^Vales. Head of the Clarence river, G. Moore; Eichmond river, C. Moore,
Faii-cdt, IIeiuicr.son.

2. M. temifolia, F. Mucll. in Trans. PJtil. Inst. Yict. ii. 72, with a
plate. A small tree with a very dense foliag-e, giabrous or the young-
branches and influrescence minutely pubescent. Leaves sessile or nearly
so, in whorls of 3 or 4, oblong- or lanceolate, acute, serrate with fine
or prickly teeth, giabrous and shining-, from a few in. to above 1 ft.
long-. Kacemes often as long- as the leaves, with numerous small flowers,
the pairs ofteu clustered or almost verticillate. Pedicels at first very

AfacadamUt.] civ. proteace^. 407

sliort and nut above 2 lines wlien in fruit. Periantli minutely pubes
cent or glaljrous, nearly 3 lines long-. Hypogynous g-lands united in u
ring-. (Jvary villous ; style-end clavate. Fruit with a 2-valved lleshy
exocarp ; the putamen g-lobular, smooth and shining-^ thick and woody,
often above 1 in. diameter. — HeUcia temifolia, F. Muell. Frao-m. ii. 91,
vi. 191. ' o ,

Queensland. Pine river and Moreton I5ay, W. Hill ; Dawson and Burnett rivers,
Leicliliardt (witli the leaves less toothed and the flowers rather larger).

N. S. 'Wales. Chirence and liichmond rivers, C. Jloore (leaves rather small).

3. IVI. verticillata, F. Muell. Younj^ shoots and inflorescence

slig-htly hoary or rusty-tomentose. Leaves in whorls of 5 or 6, oblong-

lanceolate, obtuse with a small callous point or ahnost acute, coarsely

toothed, contracted into a very short petiole, 3 to 5 in. long-, coriaceous,

much reticuhite. Racemes much shorter than the leaves, with nume-

rous small crowded llowers. Bracts on the ver}^ young spikes broad,

villous, falhng- otf long- before the flowers expand"^. Pedicels fihform,

scarcely 2 hnes long-, hirsute. Perianth g-hibrous, about l^ lines long".

H^-pogynous g-lands united in a ring- or cup. Ovary densely villous ;

style-end clavate. — Helicia verticillata, F. MuelL Frag-m. vi. 191.

Queensland or N. S. 'Wales, Leicldiardt, the prccise station not given {Herb.
F. Mueller).

15. XYLOMELUM, Sm.

Flowers partially pol^-g-amous. Perianth reg-ular, nearly cyHndrical
in the bud, the segments revohite, dilated at the end into short con-
cave laminte. Anthers apparently perfect in all the flowers, on short
filaments inserted a httle below the hamina?, the connective produced
beyond the cells in a short obtuse or g-land-hke appendag*e. Hypo-
gynous glands 4, smalh Ovary in the fertile flowers shortly stipitate
or almost sessile, tapering* into a fihform style chivate at the end, with
a terminal stigma either small and scarcely prominent or large thick
and pulvinate ; ovules 2 h^terally attached below the middle ; in the
sterile flowers the ovary is abortive, but the style is chivate at the end
though without any stig'matic surface. Fruit hirge, ovoid or tapering
above the middle, very thick and woody, tardily opening along the
iipper side or in 2 valves. Seed flat, obhquely ovate, with a long ter-
minal obHque or falcate wing. — Trees or taU shrubs. Leaves opposite,
entire or prickly-toothed. Flowers in opposite dense spikes, axiUary
or at first forming* a terminal chister, becoming hiteral by the elonga-
tion of the branch. Bracts small, at first imbricate, but faUing off
long before the flowering. Flowers sessile in pairs within each bract,
the lower ones of the spike usually perfect, the upper ones with abor-
tive ovaries.

The genus is endemic in Australia, where it is widely spread, the fruits generally
known uuder the name oi loooden pears.

Leaves veined, those at least of the barren branches prickly-
toothed. Perianths ferruginous-villous, 5 to 6 lines long.

I;eaves of the flowering branches usually entire. Eastern

species 1. X.pyriforme.

408 crv. PROTEACE^, [Xylomelum.

Leaves of the flowering branches usually prickly-toothed.

Westem species 2. X occidentale.

Leaves all quite entire. Perianth >ilky, under 4 lines long.
Leaves lanceolate, often falcate, veined. Fruits nearly glabrous,

narrow. Eastern species 3. -Y. salicinum.

Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, thick and veinless. Fruits

closely tonientose. ^\'estern species 4. X. avgustlfolivm.

1. X. pyriforme, Knight, Prot. 105. A tree of moderate size, the
yoiing- shoots ferrug-inous-villous or tomentose hut soon becoming' g"la-
brous, the spikes remaining- densely tomentose-villous. Leaves of the
flowering' branches usually entire, Lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, very
acute, 4 to 6 in. long- and tapering- into a rather long- petiole, those of
flowerless branches or of young-er plants often sinuate and prickly-
toothed and attaining- 8 in. with short petioles, all at leng-th coriaceous
and shining-. Spikes very dense, 2 to 3 in. long-, usually clustered 3 to
6 tog-ether and at first appearing- terminal, but soon lateral by the
growing- out of the shoots. Bracts woolly-villous, orbicular, IJ to 2
lines diameter. Perianth about 5 lines long-. Style-end chivate, but
smaller and shorter than in A', occidentale. Fruit 2^ to 3 in. long- and
above 1 in. diameter near the base, somewhat tapering' above the
middle. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 189, Prod. 387, Prot. Nov.
31 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 422; Endl. IconogT, t, 47, 48; Reichb.
Ic. Exot. t. 90; Banhsia pyriformis, Gtertn. Fr. i. 220, t. 47; Sm. in
White, Voy. 224, t. 21 ; Hahea pyriformis, Cav. Anal. Hist. Nat. i. 217,
Ic. vi. 25, t. 536 ; Conchium pyrifo7'me, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 141.

N. S. VTales. Port Jackson, R. Broivn, Sieber, n. 53, and many others.

2. X. occidentale, R. Br. Prot. Kov. 31. An irreg-ular slirub or tree
of 12 to 25 ft., the young- shoots and inflorescence densely ferrug-inous
or hoary-tomentose, the okler leaves g-h\brous. Leaves petiolate, ovate
eUiptical or oblong-, irreg-ularly marked by a few coarse unduhite prickly
teeth, 3 to 5 in. loug-. Spikes in the upper axils, 3 to 5 in. long-,
flowering- from the base and forming* a larg-e terminal densely branched
panicle with the floral leaves much reduced, or sometimes the leafy
branch gTowing- out leaving* a few pairs of spikes at the base. Bracts
very broad, concave, truncate, 1 to 2 lines diameter, very deciduous,
Perianth 5 to G lines long', softly tomentose-villous as well as the bracts
and rhachis. Anther-connectives produced into an oblong- appendag-e.
Ovary very densely villous. Style-end clavate. Fruit 2 to 3 in. long'
and about 1 in. diameter near the base, somewhat tapering- above the
middle, but verv obtuse. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss, i, 580, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 423 ; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 446.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, M^Lean ; Geographe Bay, Fraser; Swan
river, DrumDioiul, ]st coll. n. 616, Preiss, n. 754; Vasse river, Oldfeld. I have great
doubts whethcr this species be sufficicntiy distinct frora X. pyriforme.

3. X. salicinxim, A. Cunn. in R. Br. Prot. Nov. 31. A small tree,
glabrous except the inflorescence or the young' shoots minutely hoary-
pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, broad or narrow, obtuse, falcate, entire,
contracted into a slender petiole, 4 to 8 in. long-, of a pale green above.

Xylomelim.] civ. proteace.^. 409

usually glaucous or wliitish underneatli. Spikes l^ to 2 in. long-, the
rhachis and flowers tomentose-pubescent and whitish, sometimes silvery.
Bracts small and broad, imbricate in the very yoiing- s])ike, but very
deciduous. Periantli 3 to 3| lines long-. Ovary villous. Style shortly
clavate, and in the fertile Howers capped by a thick broad pulvinate
stig"ma, which I have not observed in any other species. Fruit 2|
to 3 in. long', not so broad as in X. ■pijrifoi-im and tapering- into a thick
beak recurved at tlie end. — A'. pi/riforme, var. salicimm, R. Br. Prot.
Nov. 31 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 423 ; Helicia Scottiuna, F. Muell.
Frag-m. iv. 107; Xylomclum Scottianum, F. Muell. Frag-m. v. 174, 215.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, A. Cunnhiqham ; Dogwood Creek, Leichhardt ;
Eockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Darling Downs, Luu.

4. X. angustifolium, Kipp. ; 3fcissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 423. A
shrub of 6 to 8 ft., with erect virg-ate branches, the inflorescence and
often the very young- shoots silky-pubescent, the adult foliage g-labrous.
Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 4 to 6 in. long', tapering- into a fine
rig-id point when perfect, or sometimes obtuse even when young", con-
tracted into a petiole, thick but flat, veinless except the midrib. Spikes
rather loose, shorter than the leaves, flowering- fi-om near the base.
Bracts broad, silky-villous, imbricate in the very young- spikes but
falling* off" very early. Perianth silky, about 3| Hnes long". Anther-
connectives tipped with a small g-land. Style slender, sHg-htly clavate
at the end, the thickened portion covered v\^ith a short transparent
pubescence in some flowers, glabrous in others, but in aH those ex-
amined 1 found the anthers perfect and the ovary abortive, the perfect
flowers may possibly therefore have the thick stig'ma of X. salicinum.
Fruit ovoid, obHque, about 2i in. long-, sHg-htly contracted towards the
end, covered with a very close but dense tomentum.

W. Australia, Drummond, bth coll. sujjpl. n. 7 ; Forrest ? (in herb. F. Mueller) ;
Ironstone range, Murchison river, Oldfield.

16. CARNARVONIA, F. MueH.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth reg'ular, nearly cyHndrical in the
bud, the segments free or nearly so, recurved in the upper portion,
without distinct laminte. Anthers aH perfect, Hnear, sessile below the
middle of the perianth, the connective produced beyond the ceHs. No
hj^pogynous g'lands. Ovary sessile or nearly so, tapering* into an erect
style with a small terminal stig-ma ; ovules 2, laterally attached below
the middle to a short funicle. Fruit a hard incurved follicle. Seeds
compressed, produced at the upper end into a long* wing-. — A tree with
compound leaves. Flowers small, in axillary simple or compound irre-
g^ular racemes.

The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia, with the flowers nearly
of Persoonla, but with the frnit of Hakea. It is also closely allied in character to
Orites, but with a very different habit and inflorescence.

410 riv. proteace.t:. | Cdnuiri-u/ilit.

1. C. araliaefolia, F. MticU. Fi-uijin. vi. 81, t. 50, 50. A small or
moderate sized tree, the youiig- leaves slig-htly pubescent underneath,
the iniiorescence usually pubescent, the older leaves g-labrous. Leaves
compound, with 3 to 5 petioluhite leallets digitate at the extremity of"
the petiole, or 1 to 3 of the leaflets replaced by pinnse, each with 2 or
3 petiohdate leaflets not dig-itate, the leaflets from broadl}' obovate and
very obtuse to elliptical oblong" or lanceohite and acute, entire or re-
motely toothed, tapering- at the base, 3 to 5 in. long-, the whole leaf
from 6 or 8 in. to twice that leng-th. Racemes very irreg-uh^r, simple
or more frequently corapound, much shorter than the leaves with small
deciduous trifoliolate bracts under the branches, and a narrow entire
one imder each flower, or under a chxster of 3 to 6 flowers terminating'
the peduncle or branches. Pedicels softly hirsute, '2 to 3 hnes long-,
g-labrous and twice as long- when in fruit. Perianth about 2 hnes long",
densely hirsute with soft hairs. Ovary g-labrous. Fohicle much in-
curved, acuminate, 1| in. long-. Wing- of the seed twice as long- as the
seed itself, the raphe much within the marg-in.

Queensland. EockingLam Bay, Dallachy.

17. ORITES, R. Br.

(Oritina, E. Lr.)

Flowers herraajilirodite. Perianth reg'ular, nearly cyhndrical in the
bud, the segments free or nearly so, dihited at the end into short usuahy
concave laminie. Anthers ah perfect, enclosed in the perianth-laminse
in the bud, but with short filaments inserted below the himinee, the
cehs adnate to the slender connective wliich is not produced beyond
them and is often scarcely conspicuous. HA^jiogynous g4ands hnear,
obtuse. Ovary sessile, with a terminal fihforra straig'ht style, scarcely
thickened at the end, obtuse, with a smah terminal stigma ; ovules 2,
amphitropous, laterahy attached at or below the middle. Fruit an
obhquely acute coriaceous fohicle, more or less boat-shaped, the dorsal
suture curved, the ventral one nearly straig-ht. Seed compressed, with
a terminal obhque or falcate wing-, sometimes decurrent along- the
margins. — Shrubs or trees. Leaves ahernate, more or less petiolate,
entire toothed or rarely (in the same species) lobed. Flowers smah, in.
terminal or axihary spikes, sessile or nearly so, in pairs within each
bract. Bracts concave, imbricate in the very young- spike but fahing*
oft' long- before the flowers expand.

The genus is endemic in Australia, and exclusively castern.
Spikei all axillary. Leaves lanceolate, often tootlied or divided on

tlie barren brancbes.
Tall tree. Leaves mostly above 4 in. Braiicbes iuflorescence

and ovary glabrous 1. 0. excelsa.

Shrub. Leaves mostly under 3 in. Branches rhachis and ovary

villuus 2. 0. diversifolia.

Spikes terminal, rarely also in the upper axils. Leaves sraall and

crowded.
Leaves flat, ovate, all toothed 3. 0. Milligani.

Orites.] C\\. V R OT E A ( ' E .E . -> 1 l

Leaves flat, oblong or laiiceolato, obtuse, all entire . , . . 4. O. lancifolia.

Leaves linear with revolute niargins, obtnsc or scarcely acute . 5. 0. revoluta.

Leaves terete, grooved above, niucronate or pungent. Seeds sur-
roiinded by a narrow wing (the wing terminal and long in all
other species) 6. 0. acicularls.

1. O. excelsa, E. Br. Prot. Nov. 32. A handsome tree of 40 to 60
ft., iisualh' quite glabrous. Leaves on tlie llowering- branclies lanceo-
late, obtuse or acute, tapering* into a rather long* petiole, entire or
slig-htly toothed, 4 to 6 in. long-, llat, reticuhite, shining- above, glaucous
underneath ; those of the barren branches often larg-er, toothed or
deeply divided into 3 or 5 lanceohxte toothed h)bes. Spikes axillary,
interrupted, shorter than the leaves, usually glabrous, the ilowers in
distant pairs. Bracts at first ovate acute and imbricate, but falling- off
at a very early stag-e. Perianth g-labrous, about 3 lines long-. Pila-
ments broad, attached to about the middle of the claws. Ovary g"hi-
brous ; style short. Follicle acuminate, about 1 in. long-. Seed flat,
the nucleus about 4 lines lon^, with a terminal wing- at least as long-.
— Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 423.

N. S. TVales. Deep shaded forests at the sources of the Hastings river, A. Cun-
ningham ; Macquarrie river, Fraser ; Tweed, Riclmiond and Chirenco livers,
C. Moore.

2. O. diversifolia, i?. Br. in Trans. Lvm. Soc. x. 190, Prod. 388.
A shrub of 3 to 4 ft., with erect tomentose villous branches. Leaves
lanceohite, with a callous point, contracted into a petiole of 1 to 2 or
even 3 lines, those of the lloral branches usually Ih to 2 in. loug-, entire
or w4th a few teeth towards the end, coriaceous, with recurved margins,
smooth above, g'laucous or slig'htly ferruginous luiderneath, glabrous or
sprinkled with a few short hairs ; those of the barren branches often
twice as long- and irreg-ularly toothed above the middle or almost to
the base and with more conspicuous veins. Spikes axillary, rather
dense and about as long- as the leaves or sometimes long-er and looser,
the rhachis ferruginous-tomentose. Perianth glabrous, about 2 lines
long-, not very slender, the lamin<ie scarcely broader thtm the claws.
Ovary villous ; style short in some tlowers, elong-ated in others. Fol-
licle acute, f in. long-, — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 424 ; Hook. f. Fl.
Tasm. i. 326.

Tasmania. Near the summit of Mount Wellington, B. Brown, J. D. Hooher, and
others ; Mount Fieid East, F. Mueller.

3. O. Milligani, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 424. A rig-id densely
bushy shrub of li to 3 ft., g-labrous and glaucous except the inliores-
cence. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate, coarsely toothed, thick and
rigid, penniveined but the veins not very prominent underneath and
inconspicuous or slig-htly impressed above, ^ to 1 in. long-. Spikes
terminal, 1 to li in. long-. Bracts ovate, concave, rigid, ciliate or quite
g-labrous, very cleciduous. Perianth g-labrous, slender, nearly 3 lines
long-. Filaments very short, almost immediately under the laminte.
Ovary ferruginous-villous. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 326.

Tasmania. Mount Sorrel, Macquarrie harbour, at au elevation of 4000 to 5000 ft.,
Milligan.

412 Civ. PROTEACEiE. [Orites.

4. O. lancifolia, F. Mudl. in Trms. Phil. Soc. Viet. i. 108. A
handsome g-labrous shrub. Leaves shortly petiolate, crowded, oblonff
or oblong'-lanceolate, obtuse, Hat, with nerve-like or slightly recurved
marg-ins, mostly f to 1 in. long-, coriaceous, prominently reticulate un-
derneath, obscurely so or quite smooth and shining- above. Spikes ter-
minal or terminating" short axillary shoots, or rarelv also in the upper
axils without leaves at their base, exceeding- the leaves and sometimes
2 in. long-, the rhachis ferrug-inous. Bracts villous, very deciduous.
Perianth '2 to 2-^ lines long-. Filaments narrow, inserted more than ^
line below the short concave laminie. Ovary villous. Fruit about | in.
long. Seed with a broad oblique terminal wing-.

Victoria. Rocky summits of the Australian Alps at an elevation of 5000 to 6000
ft., F. Mueller. Meissner, in DC. Prod. xiv. 423, reduces tliis plant to a variety of
0. exceha, but tlie small entire leaves, the inflorescence, the villous ovary, and other
characters, appear to me to be coustant.

5. O. revoluta, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 190, Prod. 388. A
bush}^ shrub of 4 to 6 ft., the branches hoary or ferrug-inous-pubescent.
Leaves rather crowded, sessile or shortly petiolate, linear, obtuse or
scarcely acute, the marg-ins revolute, tbick, rigid, g-labrous and smooth
above, the under surface slig-htly tomentose but usually concealed, ^ to
I in. or rarely 1 in. long-. Spikes terminal, sessile, mostly above 1 in.
long", the rhachis ferrug-inous. Bracts ovate or oblong-, villous outside,
very deciduous. Perianth about 2| lines long-. Filaments narrow and
short. Ovary densely villous. Follicle h to | in. long', silky-villous and
usually ferrug-inous. Seed with a broad falcate terminal wing*. — Meissn.
in DC. Prod. xiv. 424 j Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 326; A. Rich. Sert.
Astrol. t. 2o.

Tasmania. Mount Wellington, B. Broicn ; abundant on all the mountain ranges
above 3000 ft. elevation, /. D. Eooher.

6. O. acicularis, IL Br. Prot. Nov. 82. A bushy shrub of 4 or 6 ft.
or sometimes only half that size, the foliag-e of a yellowish sickly g-reen,
quite g-labrous. Leaves crowded, terete with a very narrow gToove on
the upper side, mucronate-acute and often pung-ent, contracted into a
slender petiole, rig-id and smooth, | to 1-J- in. long-. Spikes terminal,
usually shorter than the leaves, the rhachis ferrug-inous-pubescent.
Perianth g-labrous, scarcely 2 lines long-, not so slender as in 0. rcvoluta,
the seg-ments more tardily revolute and the lamina? more concave than
in that species. Filaments very short and broad, inserted immediateiy
below the laminse. Ovary villous. P'ollicle about | in. long-, giabrous or
nearly so. Seed oblong-, flat, surrounded by a narrow wing- rather
broader at the upper end, like that of many GreviUece. — Meissn. in DC.
Prod. xiv. 424 ; Hook. f Fl. Tasm. i. 326 ; A. Rich. Sert. Astrol. t. 25;
Oritinn aciculuris, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 224,

Tasmania. Mount Wellington, E. Brown; abundant on ail the mountains at an
elevation of 3000 to 4000 ft., ./. D. Hooher. In its seeds tliis species approaches
Orevillea, butthe hypogynous glands and tbe distinct Uiough sliort filaments are those of
Orites. It difters from tiie other species of Orites as GrnnUea does from Hahea, but the
affinity in all other respects is so ciose with 0. revoluta f hat botanists have all foilowed
Brown in suppressing the genus he had at first proposcd for it.

LaTniertia.] civ. puoteace^ij. 413

18. LAMBERTIA, Sm.

Flowers liermaphrodite. Periautli regnilar or nearly so, the tube
elong-ated, often dihited upwards aud slig-htly incurved, the lobes narrow,
spirally revolute, the two lower ones souietimes more deej)ly separated.
Anthers all perfect, inserted on the lobes and revolute with them, the
connective shortly produced beyond the cells. Hypogynous scales
either flat at least as long* as the ovary and free or conuate, or in one
species wanting-. Ovaiy very small, deusely covered with long- hairs,
with 2 pendulous ovules. Style filiform sometimes slig-htly thickened
and gTooved ou a level with the anthers ; stig-ma small, terminal or
shortly decurrent ou the upper side. Fruit a sliort hard truucate sessile
follicle, the lower (dorsal) margin produced into a thick horn,
aud often a horn also on tlie upper ang-le of each valve. Seeds where
known flat, bordered by a narrow margin. — Shrubs. Leaves mostly in
whorls of 3, rarely of 4, or sometimes scattered at the base of luxuriant
shoots, entire or with spinescent teeth. Flowers red or yellow, usually
long", solitary or 7 tog-ether sessile within an involucre of imbricate co-
loured bracts ; the inner bracts long- and narrow the outer ones short and
broad, tlie involucres sessile aud terminal or axillary.

The genus is endemic in extratrnpical Australia, the species all Western except L.
formosa. The species with iinitiorous iuvolucres have the inflorescence, perianth, stamens
and style very nearly of Adenanthos, but are readily distinguished by the whorled
leaves, biovulate ovary and follicular fruit ; the periarth-segments sometimes remain
closed as in that genus after the style has emerged a little lower down from the slit in
the perianth-tube, but when opeu they are much more revolute than in Adenanthos.

Involucres l-flowered, ^ in- long or under. Leaves entire.

Leaves ovate, obovate or oblong, mucronate \. L. uniflora.

Leaves linear 2. L. rarijlora.

Involucres 7-flowered, terminal or in the upper axils. Leaves entire.
Leaves very obtuse, usually small.

Leaves obovate to linear, flat or nearly so. Bracts rather

obtuse 3. L. inermis.

Leaves linear with revolute margins. Bracts with subulate

points 4. X. ericifolia.

Leaves mucronate, mostiy linear and 1 to 2 in. long.

Inner bracts of the involucre half as long as the periauth.

Western species 5. L. multiflora.

Inner bracts about as long as the perianth. Eastern speciea 6. L.formosa.
Involucres 7 flowered, all axillary. Leaves pungent-pointed and
often prickly-toothed.
Perianth I5 to l^ in. long, the tube dilated upwards and incurved

(as in all the preceding species) 1. L. echinata.

Perianth 7 to 8 lines long, the tube slender and straight . . . 8. Z. ilicifolia.

1. Li. uniflora, i?. Br. iti Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 188, Prod. 386. An
irregularly branched shnib, sometimes low and difliise, sometimes erect
and 6 to 10 ft. hig-h, gdabrous or the young- branches pubescent. Leaves
crowded about the flowers, often in distant clusters in the lower part of
the branches, very shortly petiolate, from ovate and under h in. to
broadly oblong' and above 1 in. long-, mucronate acute and sometimes
almost pung-ent or rounded at both ends, flat, smooth or reticulate, the

414: civ. ruoTEACE^. [Lavibertia.

midrib prominent underneatli. Involucres 1-flowered, he hracts very
narrow and acute, almost scarious, tlie inner ones about ^ in. long-.
Pcrianth nearly 11 "i- ^oiv^-, dilated upwards and incurved, 2 of the
lohes more united and less deeply revolute than the 2 others, the himinse
short, without terminal appendag-es. Anther-connectives produced into
oblong- tips. Hypog-ynous scales free. Follicle smooth, the dorsal su-
ture acuminate, the valves rounded. — Meissn. in PL Preiss. i. 578, ii.
263, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 420.

^SV. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, li. Brown, Baxter,
Drummond, 3rd coll. n. 261, 262 (m some herharia), Preiss, n. 762, and many others.

2. L. rariflora, Mcissn. iti Pl. Preiss. ii. 203, and in DC. Prod. xiv.
420. An erect shrul), the young" branclies pubescent and often hirsute
with h)ng' fine spreading- hairs, the adult foHag"e g-hal)rous. Leaves very
shortly petiohite or ahnost sessile, linear or the floral ones lanceolate at
the base, mucronate, rather thinner and the veins more prominent than
in L. multiftora, mostly 1 to 2 in. long-, hut a few exceeding* 3 in. In-
volucre sessile, 1-flowered, the inner bracts 3 to 4 lines long-and acute,

. the outer ones gTadually sliorter broader and more obtuse. Perianth
at least l^ in. long', pubescent dilated and incurved towards the middle,
the lamin;e without appendag-es. Anther-connectives tipped with ex-
ceeding'ly short giand-like ends. Hypog-ynous scales free. Follicle
smooth.

W. Australia, Drummond, 2nd coll. n. 312.

3. L. inermis, P. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 188, Prod. 387. A
shrul) of 6 to 10 ft., the branches minutely tomentose or silky-pubescent.
Leaves from obovate or oblong-spathulate to linear, obtuse, contracted
into a short petiole, ^ to | in. long', flat or sligiitly convex or concave,
giabrous and smooth above, minutely silky pubescent and often ferru-
g-inous underneath. Involucres 7-flowered, terminal, solitary or rarely
2 tog-ether, the bracts more obtuse than in the other species, the inner
ones ^ to I in. long;. Perianth red according- to some, yellow according'
to others, about 1| in. long', dilated and incurved in the middle, the
lobes narrow with short pubescent tips, all nearly equally revolute.
Anther-connectives produced into appendag"es of ^ line. Hypogynous
scales free. Follicle smooth. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 578, ii. 2(33, and
in DC. Prod. xiv. 420, L. Drumniondii, Gardn. in Field. Sert. t. 22.

■W. Australia. Lncky Bay, B. Brown, Baxter; King George's Sound to tiie
Stirling Range, Cape Eiciie, and towards Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. n. 594, and
n. 87, Freiss, n. 763, 76-t, Harvey, Oldjield, Itoe, F. Mueller ; eastward to Middlo
Mourit Barrcn, Ma.rircll.

4. L. ericifolia, /.'. Br. Prot. Nov. 30. A slirub of 0 to 10 ft., with
virg-ate branches, the young- shoots silky-pubescent, at leng-th giabrous.
Leaves linoar, obtuse, with closely revolute margins, sessile or con-
tracted into a very short petiole, usually about | in. long-, but | in. on
luxuriant sterile branches. Involucres 7-flowered, terminal, solitary or
clustered 2 or 3 together, thc bracts almost scarious ciliate and pubes-

Lamdertia.] civ, rRoxEACE.T;. 415

cent or nearly glabrous, the inner ones subulate-acuminate and above
^ in. long-, the outer ones short hniceolate and acute. Perianth above
1|- in. long-, much dihvted and incurved in the middle, the narrow lamincB
cohering late round the style, viscid, with short hood-shaped tips, the
seg-ments at length revolute. Anther-connectives produced into oblong-
appendag-es. Hypogynous scales hmceolate, acute, more or less con-
nate (2 connate and 2 free in the flowers examined). Follicle smooth.
— Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 263, and in D.C. Prod. xiv. 420.

W. Australia, Baxter, Brummond, Brd coll. n. 264 ; Stirling range, Salt river,
and Cape Riche, Maxwell; at the base of Stirling range, F. Mueller.

6. L. multiflora, Lhidl. Sn-a/i liiv. App. 32. A shrub of 3 or 4 ft.,
quite glabrous or the 3'oung- shoots minutely pubescent, tlie flowering
branches often acutely angular, the older ones terete. Leaves sessile,
linear or the floral ones sometimes cordate-lanceolate, 1 to 2 in. long",
mucronate, rigid, the midrib prominent imderneath, the transverse
veins chiefly conspicuous on the floral leaves. Involucres terminal, all
7-flowered (rarely fewer-flowered by abortion .•'), but owing- to 2 or 3
heads being usually closely clustered together they have been described
as 14- to 21-flowered, the inner bracts linear, fringed at the end and
fully h, in. long, the outer ones gradually shorter broader and entire.
Perianth about Ih in. long, slightly dilated and incurved above the
middle, the himinre tipped with small hood-shaped appendag-es.
Anther-connectives shorth^ produced beyond the cells. Hypogvnous
scales free, oblong-lanceolate. Ovary very dcnsely hirsute. Pollicle
smooth, the valves termiuating- in lanceolate points. — Meissn. in PI.
Preiss. i. 5r0, ii. 264 and in DC. Prod. xiv. 421 ; Field. Sert. t. 23.

V^. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. n. 595 {2nd coll.?) n. 136, Prciss,
n. 766; botween Moore and Murchison rivers, Drummond, 6th coU. n. 198.

6. L. formosa, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iv. 214, t. 20. A tall shrub,
g-labrous or with a slight pubescence on the young- slioots and here and
there a few spreading hairs. Leaves linear or slightly linear-cuneate,
rarely linear-lanceolate, mucronate with a flne pimg-ent point, the
margins recurved, contracted into a very short petiole, rigid, shining-
above, pale or almost ferruginous underneath, with a prominent midrib,
varying from scarcely 1 in. to above 2 in. long. Involucres terminal,
usually solitary, ?-flowered (or fewer-flowered by abortion ?), the inner
bracts narrow, silky-pubescent outside, 1| to 2 in. long-, the outer ones
short and ovate. Perianth li to 2 in. long, glabrous outside, dilated
in the middle, the segments bearded inside below the anthers, the
laminte with pubescent tips. Anther-connectives produced into minute
appendages. Hypogynous scales united in a truncate tube or cup sur-
rounding the ovarv. Follicle smooth, glabrous or villous. — R. Br. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. x^ 188, Prod. 38?, Prot. Nov. 30 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod.
xiv. 421 ; Cav. Anal. Hist. Nat. i. 233, t. 15, Ic. vi. 34, t. 54? ; Lodd.
Bot. Cab. t. 80 ; Bot. Reg. t. 528 ; Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 09 ; Protea
nectarina, Wendl. Sert. Hann. 5, t. 21,

TV. Australia. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieher, n. 24, and many others.

416 civ. rROTEACE^. [Lambertia.

7. L. echinata, L'. Br. in Trans. JJnn. Soc. x. 189, Prod. 387, Prot.
Nov. 31. A shrub of 8 to 10 ft. witli rigid stout or virg-ate branches
usually pubescent or hirsute. Leaves more or less cuneate, f to above

1 in. lonji-, dilated at the end and tnincate toothed or lobed, the teeth
or lobes undulate and pung-ent-pointed, tapering- into a narrow or broad
base, sessile or petiolate, glabrous, rig-id, the midrib and principal veins
prominent, tlie whole foliag-e m shape texture and arrang-ement much
resembling- that of some GastroloUa. Involucres ?-flowered, axillary,
sessile, the bracts g-labrous and acute, the inner ones narrow and 1 in.
long- or more, the outer ones g-radually smaller and broader. Perianth
yellow, 1\ in. long*, dihited and incurved above the middle, the segTOents
nearly equally revohite. Anther-connectives tipped with small almost
g-hmd-Uke points. Hypogynous scales rather short, obtuse, free.
Follicle more or less echinate with short thick prickles. — Meissn. in
Pl. Preiss. i. 0r9, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 421.

W. Australia. Lucky Bay, E. Brown, Baxter ; King George's SounJ and ad-
joining districts, A. Cunningham, Drummond, 3rd coll. 263, Preiss, n. 761, and mauy
others.

L.propinqua, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 30, Meissu. in DC. Prod. xiv. 420, from KingGeorge's
Sound or to the eastward, Baxter, appears to me to be scarcely even a variety of L.
echinata, but merely slender branches with the leaves less toothed or eutire and
truncate.

8. L. ilicifolia, Ilook. Ic. Pl. t. 653. A bushy shrub, g-labrous
and somewhat glaucous or the branches slightly pubescent, readily
distingiiished from all other species by the small flowers. Leaves in the
typical form cuneate, acuminate, pung-ent-pointed, entire or with 1 or

2 prickly teeth on each side and 1 in. long-, in other specimens ovate,
pung-ent-pointed, entire or with 1 or 2 lateral teeth, rounded at the
base and under | in. long-, all thick rig-id and scarcely veined besides
the midrib. Involucres 7-flowered, all axiHary, the bracts g'labrous,
the inner ones hnear, about 5 lines long-, the outer ones gTadually
smaller and broader. Perianth 7 to 8 hnes long-, with a few long- hairs
on the upper portion, the tube slender, the seg-ments equally revolute
with short obtuse laminae. Anther-connectives very shortly produced
beyond the cells. Hypog-ynous scales entirely wanting in all the
flowers examined. Style more or less bearded. Follicle unknown. —
Meissn. in PL Preiss. i. 680, ii. 264 and in DC. Prod. xiv. 422.

W. Australia, Drxunmond, 3rd coll. n. 262, Preiss, n. 766.

19. ADENOSTEPHANUS, Kl.

Flo^^ers hermaphrodite. Perianth somewhat irreg-ular, the tube
slender, shghtly incurved, the limb obHquely g-lobuhtr, the seg-ments
separating- to tlie base, unequally revolute. Anthers all perfect, ovate,
sessile in the base of the concave lamiuce, the connective not produced
beyond the cells. Hypogynous g-lands short and thick, free or more
or less united, all 4 equal or 2 shorter or deficient. Ovary sessile or
shortly stipitate, with 2 pendulous orthotropous ovules ; style filiform,

Adenosti-phanus.] Civ. protkace^. 417

shortly clavate at the end, with a small stig-ma in the centre of a lateral
convex disk. Fruit unknown. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves usually
pinnate, with petioluhite entire or toothed leallets. Flowers rather
small, pediceUate in pairs in terminal or rarely axiHary racemes, the
pedicels often more or less connate. liracts very deciduous (or some-
times none ?),

The genus as far as liitlierto known is chiefly Brasilian, with ono New-Caledonian
species, besides the Australian one which is endemic.

1. A. Bleasdalii, Be/ith. A small but beautiful tree {Dallachy),
the branches petioles and inflorescence minutely ferruginous-tomentose.
Leaflets 3 to 17, petiokdate, ovate to oblong'-lanceolate, acutely acumi-
nate, somewhat undulate and irregidarly mucronate-serrate, tapering- or
cuneate at the base, 2 to 5 in. long-, penniveined and reticulate, silky-
villous on both sides when very young, but gdabrous and g-reen when
fuU-gTown, ratlier more shining* above than below, the common rhachis
varying- from 1 or 2 in. to above 1 ft. in length, and often irreg-ularly
wing-ed at least between the upper leaflets, the terminal leaflet always
developed and sometimes larg-er than the others. Racemes 1 to 2 in.
long', usually several in a short panicle or solitary in tlie upper axils.
Pedicels about 1 line long*, those of each pair completely united into a
sing-le one with the two flowers obliquely sessile at or near the end. Pe-
riantli about 8^ lines long-. Torus oblicpie, with one broad 2-Iobed
g'Iand on the lower side sometimes almost divided into 2. Ovary gia-
brous, continuous with a short stipes at least as thick as the ovary. —
Grevillea Bleasdalii or Blcasdalea cupanioides, F. Muell. Frag'm. v. 90.

Queensland. Eockingham Bay, Dallachy. The structure and position of the
flowers are in every respect those of some Brasilian Adenostephani, and especially of
A. organensis, Endl., except as to the hypogynous glands, of which the two upper one3
are absent, but in A. organensis I find them very unequal, two sometimes much
smaller than the two others. The penduloiis orthotropous ovules at once distinguish
this plant both trom Grevillea, of which it has in some respects the perianth and
anthers, and from Helicia, of which it has the inflorescence. Whether Adenostephanus
itself with the New Caledonian Kermadecia should or should not be reunited with
ithopala as sections, is a question the determination of which would require a careful
re-examination of all the American species. The differences in the obliquity of the
torus, in the hypogynous glands, and in the style-end are not greater than those which
separate difierent sections of Grevillea, and the united genuswouldbe at once a natural
and to all appearance a definitely charaoterised one.

20. GREVILLEA, R. Br.

(Lysanthe and Stylurus, Salisb., Anadenia, i?. Br., Manglesia, Endl., Strangea and
MoUoya, Meissn.)

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth irreg-idar or regnilar, the tube
revolute or curved under the limb or straight and slender, the limb
giobular or rarely ovoid, usually oblique, the lamime usually
cohering' long- after the tvdje has opened. Anthers all perfect, ovate,
sessile in the base of the concave laminse, the connective not pro-
duced beyond the cells. H^-pogynous giands united in a singie

VOL. V. E E

418 civ, PROTEACE^. [GreviUea.

semi-annular or semicircular g-land occupying- tlie uppor (often tlie
shortest) side of the torus or rarely completely annular surrounding-
the ovary, or altogether wanting*. Ovary stipitate or rarely sessile,
with 2 amphitropous ovules laterally attached about the middle ; style
fihform or somewliat dilated, usually long- and protruding- from the slit
on the lower side of the perianth tube before the summit is set free
from the limh, ultimately straightened and erect or in a few species of
Lissostijlcs and Conorjyne remaining hooked, more or less dilated at the
end into a straigdit oblique or hiteral cone or disk hearing- the small
stigma in the centre of the disk or at the summit of the cone. Fruit
a folhcle, usually ohlique with the ventral suture curved, either cori-
aceous and opening along- the upper margin, or rarely woody and open-
ing ahnost or quite in two valves. Seeds 1 or 2, flat oi'bicuh^r or
oblong-, bordered all round by a membranous wing-, or narrowly
wing-ed at the end or outer marg-in only or entirely wingiess. — Shrubs
or trees. Leaves alternate, very diversitied in shape. Flowers in
pairs along' the rhachis of a short and umbel-Hke or elongated raceme,
rarely reduced to a singie pair ; the racemes either terminal or also
axillary, rarely all axillary. The indumentum usually consists of
closely appressed hairs attached by the centre, rarely of erect or
spreading- hairs, and then usually forked at the base or clustered.

With tlie exceptinn of three or fbur New Caledonian species the genus is limited to
Austrah"a. In the distribnting the numerous species of this beantiful genus into sec-
tions, I have been uviable in all respects to follow Bi-own, and still less Meissner, espe-
cialiy as to the foliage or seeds, for tlie formcr is far too variable to serve for much
beyond specific distinction, and the seeds are unknown in a large number of the species.
The following sectional characters are derived chiefiy from tlie inflorescence and flowers,
and if less absohite than could have been wished, are the best I could devise. The first
eight sections constitute Meissner's subgenus EugreviUea, with the perianth revohite
nnder the limb, and the stigmatic disk oblique or hiteral, nsually flat or convex, the
tenth and eleventh proposed as subgenera by Meissner, have llie perianth straiglit, and
the stigmatic disk replaced by a straiglit cone, the intermediate nintli seclion, Conogyne,
and most of the species of the sixth, with the perianth recurved or revolute at the top,
as in tlie preceding oncs, have the straight stigmatic cone of Anaclenia and MavgJesia.
A very few of the species of tlie eighth section, Lissostijles, have also the stigmatic cone
shaped as in the last sections, but very obhque. The absonce of the hypogynous gland, one
of the chief characters on which the genus Anade>iiii was founded, occurs also in a few
f-pecies belonging lo other sections of true Grevillens. The peculiar style of 3Ia)iglesia
passes into that of Anadenia through G. acrohotrya, and G. dldginohotrya closely con-
nects Conogyne witli Anadcnia.

Sect. 1. Eugrevillea. — Eacemes secund, andelongated,or few-flon-ercd. Pcriantli-
tuhe dilatcd hclou' the middle ancl usucdly opening on tJie lower sicle, revolute undcr the
limb. Torus small, straight or slightly ohlique. /Stigmatic disk lateral.

SERif.s 1. Iieiogynse. — Ovary glahrous, stipitate. Torus sometimes ohliq^te, hut
with the gland side the longest. Species all Western, one also in S. Australia.

JRacemes sessile or nearly so on leafy branches. Leaves linear,
undivided, obtuse.
Piacemes loose, several-flowered. Stipes of the ovary thick
and flattened.

Leav(?s narrow-linear 1. G.pinaster.

Lcaves ohlong lincar 2. G. obtusifolia.

Grevillea.] Civ, proteace^. 419

Eiicemes mostly reduced to a single pair of flowers. Leaves

very narrow-linear 3. C sparsijlora.

(See also sect. Lissostylis, ser. Punicece.)
Eacemes sessile, lew-flowered. Leaves lobed or divided. Styles

very iong.
Leaves with 3 brnad triungnlar pungentpointed lobes . . 4. G. macrostylis.
Leaves witli 3 or 5 narrow-linear divaricate rigid pungent-

pointed segments 5. G. tripartita.

Eacemes 2- or 4-flowered, usually several on a sbort leafless

flexuose peduncle or branch.
Leaves once or twice 3-lobed with broad rigid lobes. Rhachis

very flat Q. G. platypoda.

Leaves once or twice ternately divided into narrow rigid

divaricate pungentpointed segments 7. G . patentiloha.

Leaves regularly pinnate with narrow rigid but not pungent

segments 8. (7. pectinata.

Racemes loose but short, several on long leafless peduncles or

branches.
Leaves regularly pinnate with iong narrow-linear rigid but

not pungent segments 9. (?. plurijuga,

Leaves simple, narrow-linear, often very long 10. G. nudijlora.

Eacemes rather dense, many-flowered. Leaves pinnate with

narrow-hnear or filiibrni segments.

Leaves simply pinnate \l. G. stenomera.

Leaf-segments mostly again divided 12. G. Thelemanniana.

Series 2. Hebe^ynse. — Ovary sessile or scarcely stipitate, detisely villous. Torus
sometimes hut very rarely sliyhtly ohlique, ivith the yland side the shortest.

Leaves obtuse or mucronate, not pungent.

Leaves narrow-linear, rigid, mostly undi^nded, 1 to 2 in.

long. Racemes short 13. G. concinna.

Leaves mostly pinnate with narrow-linear rigid segments
doubly grooved underneath.
Leaf-segments 3 to 9, under 2 in. long. Eacemes silky,
14 to 3 in. long.

Leaves glabrous when full-grown 14. G. Booheriana.

Leaves silky on both sides 15. C Baxteri.

Leaf-segments few or leaves entire, 4 to 8 in. long.
Racemes villons.

Eacemes 2 to 4 in. long. Perianth |: in 16. G. pterosperma.

Eacemes dense, 3 to 6 in. kmg. Perianth \ in. long .17. G. eriostuchya.
Leaf-segments numerous, regular, under 2 in. Jong.

Eacemes dcnsely villous, 2 to 4 in 18. G. thyrsoides.

Leaves pinnate with linear or lanceolate segments, glabrous
above, silky underneath. Perianth villous.
Leaf-segments very narrow, 4 to 8 in. long, often divided 19. G. chrysodendron.
Leaf-segments few, Hnear-lanceolate, 2 to 4 in. long . . 20. G. Banksii.
Leaf-segments numerous, regular, linear-oblong, f to 1 5 in.

long 21. G. Caleyi.

Leaves entire or pinnately-toothed or lobed, lanceolate to
ovate.
Leaves long, lanceolate. Perianth silky.

Tall and erect. Racemesdense. Perianth-tubenarrow . 22. G. asplenifolia.
Prostrate. Eacemes loose. Perianth-tube broad, ex-

panding into an orbicular disk 23. G. cirsiifoHa.

Leaves ovate or oblong, obtuse, entire, 2 to 5 in. long . 24. G. laurifolia.
Leaves oblong or lancoolate, acute, 6 to 10 in. long, entire

or broadly pinnatifid 25. G. Barldyana.

E E 2

420 civ. PROTEACE^. [GrevUlea.

Leaves or leaf-lobes pungent-pointed (the first five species
all Eastern).
Leaves ovate or cuneate, with pricklj teeth or lobes.

Prostrate. Leaves ovate, undulate, shortlj pricklj-toothcd.

Torus slightly oblique 26. G. repena.

Erect or spreading. Leaves ovate oblong or cuneate,
irregularly lobed. Torus straight.
Leaves usually villous, pinnately many-toothed or lobed.

Stipes of the ovary very short 27. G. aquifoUum.

Leaves glabrnus above or nearly so, silky underneath,
cuneate with few lobes. Stipes of the ovary as long

as the ovary 2Q. G. ilicifolia.

Leaves glabrous, deeply pinnatifid, withbroad prickly lobes.

Leaf-lobes oblong or ovate, entire or rarely 2- or 3-l()bed 29. G. Gaudichaudii.
Leaf-lobes mostly cuneate, very rigid, 2- or 3-lobed.

Eacemes dense 30. G. acanthifolia.

Leaf-lobes niostly again pinnatifid. Racemes loose.

Westcrn species 31. (?. hipinnatifida.

Leaves once or twice ternately divided into linear rigid
divaricate segments. Western species.
Eacemes dense. Flowers numerous, about \ in. long,

nearly sessile 32. G. armigera.

Eacemes loose. Flowers nearly ^ in. long, on slender
pedicels 33. G. asparagoides.

Sect. 2. Ptychocarpa. — Bacemes short, often umhel-like. Perianth-tuhe dilated
helow the middle and usually opening on the lower side, revolute under the limh.
Torus small, straight or ncarly so. Oxary sessile or very shorlly stpitate, densely
vilJous or rareJy icith only a tuft ofhairs at the hase. Stigmatic disk luttral. Leaves
entire. Species all Eastern.

Perianth densely villous.

Leaves ovate or oblong, mostly obtuse, the upper surface

glabrous or minutely scabrous 34. G.floribunda.

Leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, mucronate-acute, the

upper surface scabrous-dotted 35. G. cinerea.

(See also 39, G. arenaria.)
Leaves oblong to linear, obtuse, pubescent or villous on both

sides 36. G. alpina.

Perianth sprinkled or silky with appressed hairs.

Leaves oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or with a small callous
point.
Leaves glabrous or scabrous above, mostly nai row.

Perianth segments acuminate or acute 37. G. montana.

Perianth-segments obtuse 38. G. obtusiflora.

Leaves silky or minutely pubescent above, mostly rather
broadly-oblong or cuueate. Perianth-segmeuts acumi-

nate, sometimes villous 39. G. arenaria.

Leaves ovate or lanceolate, acutely acuminate ormucronate

with a fine poiut. Perianth-segments obtuse .... 40. G. mucronulata.
Perianth quite glabrous.

Leaves ovate or lanceolate, nearly flat, glabrous as well as

the branches, or slightly pubescent 41. G. Baueri.

Leaves linear, obtuse, much revolute, villous or hirsute as

well as the branches 42. G. lanigera.

Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, mostly acute and revo-
lute, the upper surface glabrous, scabrous or slightly
hirsute.
Ovary villous. Spreading ordififuse shrub, usually villous 43. G. ericifolia.

Grevillea.]

CIV. PROTEACE^.

421

Ovary glabrous except a tuft of hairs at the base.

Spreading sbrub with linear-subulate leaves, mostly

under 1 in. long 44. C divaricata.

Erect shrub with ercct leaves mostly above 1 in. long 45. O. rosmarinifolia.

Sect. 3. Pla^iopoda. — Racemes various. Perianfh-Uibe dllated beloiu the middle
and ustiaUi/ optnung on the lower si'le, revolute under the limh. Torus verij oblique,
the gland siile the shortest. Ovary villous except in a feiv axillary-floioered apecie».
Stigmatic disk very oblique or lateral.

Eacemes terminal, erect, sometimes secund. Ovarj densely
villons. Style very long. Eastern species (except O.
Wilsoni).
Leaves oval-elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, large, entire . . 46. O. Ooodii.
Leavcs mostly above 6 in. long, simple or pinnate with

narrow-lanceoiate obliquely penniveined lobes .... 47. O. venusta.
Leaves linear, above 6 in. long, simple or pinnate with long-
linear lobes.

Racemes oblong, glabrons except the ovary 48. O. longistyla.

Eacemes usually paniculate, viscid-villous 49. O. juncifolia.

Leaves ternately divided into narrow-linear rigid divaricate

pungent-pointed segments. Westera species .... 50. O. Wilsoni.
(See also 73. G. Huegelii, with a glabrous ovary.)
Eacemes terminal, short, umbel-like. Style very long. Leaves

liriear or liiiear-lanceolate, acute, entire. Easturn species . 51. G. lavandulacea.
Eacemes short, few-flowered, sessile, terminal and in the upper
axils. Style short. Western species (except 0. aspera).
Leaves ovate, rigid, sinuate and prickly-toothed . . . . 52. 0. insignia.

(Seealso71. G. C'M«?ii7i(7/iamu, wilh a glabrous ovary).
Leaves entire, narrow or rarely ovate.
Branches sparingly or shortly pubescent.

Leaves ovate or lanceolate, 4 to | in. long or oblong

and longer, obtuse 53. G. Brownii.

Leaves linear or hanceolate, ^ to 2 in. long. Flowers
small.
Leaves smooth or minutely scabrous above . . . 54. 0. fasciculata.
Leaves veined and very scabrous above .... 55. G. aspera.
Leaves linear or lanceolate, 2 to 4 in. hmg .... 56. 0. brachystylis.
Branches densely and softly villous. Ferianth-tube broadly

saccate at the base 57. G. saccata.

Branches hirsute with long fine hairs. Perianth small,

not saccate 58. G. Drummondii.

Eacemes reduced to 1 or 2 pairs of flowers moslly axillary.
Torus sometimes less oblique. Ijcaves entire.
Leaves narrow-linear. Ovary villous. Style long.

Leaves anguiar-terete, ^ to | in. long 59. <?. disjuncta.

Leaves convex and smooth above, channelled under-

neath, f to 14 in. long 60. O.haplantha.

Leaves narrow-linear. Ovary villous. Style short . . .61. G.pinifolia.
Leaves linear-subulate, pungeut-pointed. Ovary glabrous.

Style long 62. (?. acuaria.

Leaves ovateororbicular, small, flat. Ovary glabrous. Style

long Q3. 0. singuliflora.

Leaves linear-cuneate or oblong, 1-nerved. Ovary glabrous.

Fruit small 64. O. pauciflora.

Leaves linear or linear-cuneate, tliick, nerveless.

Fruit 1 to 14 in. long. Flowers unknown. Eastern species 65. 0. Strangca.
Fruit 2 to 24 in. long. Ovary villous. Style short. Pe-

rianth unknown. Western species 66. <?. cynanchicarpa.

422 civ. PROTEACE^. [GrevUlea.

Sect. 4. Calothyrsus. — Bacemes secund, usually many-flowered. Ferianih-tube
more or lens dUated belcw the middle and vsnuUy opening on the lower side, recolute
under thc limb. Torti.<i oblique, the gJand side thc shortost. Ovary glahrous, stipitate.
iSpeiies aU tropical except (.J. quercifolia aiid G. lliiegelii.
Leaves undivided, ovate or lanccolate, angular or pricklj-
toothed.
Leaves petiolate or tapering at the base.
Leaves glabrous, mostly sinuate-toothed.

Eacemcs niostly terrninal on long peduncles. Perianth

bearded innide with verv short hairs . . . _ . . 67. <3. quercifulia.
Eacemes axillary, shortly pedunculate. Perianth

densely bearded iuside with erect hairs 68. <3^. angulata.

Leaves silky-pubescent at least when young, mostly an-
gular. Racemes axillary. Perianth bearJed inside
with spreading or reflexed hairs.
Perianth .shghtly dilated at the base as in G. angidata 69. G. Wickhami.
Perianth much dilated at the base as in G. Cunning-

hamii 10. G. agrifulia.

Leaves sessile, deeply cordate with large stem-clasping

auricles, sinuate and prickly-toothed . 1\. G. Cunninghamii.

Leaves sessije, dfcply and regularly pinnatifiJ with rigid

pungent pointed iobes . 72. G.pungens.

Leaves (ince or twice (iivided into short linear rigid divaricate
segments. Racemes very short with long flowers. Desert

ppscies 13. G. HufgeUi.

Leaves not toothed, entire or divided into long narrovv seg-
ments. Piacemes usually paniculate.
Leaves undivided, broadly falcate, longitudinally reticulate 74. G. dimidiata.
Leaves mostly pinnate, the segments oblong lanceolate,

longitudinaily reticulate 15. G. helioxperma.

Leaves mostiy pinnate, the segments oblong-lanceolate or
linear, penniveined with numerous oblique parallel pri-

mary veins IQ. G. refracta.

Leaf-segments numerous, linear, obscurely veined above,
1-nerved underneath. Eacemes long. Perianth above

^ in. long 11. G. Dryandri.

Leaf-segments not numerous, Hnear or lanccolate, obscurely
veined above, 1-nerved underneath. Eacemes dense. '

Perianth under ^ in. long IS. G. poh/.stachya.

Leaves mostly bipinuatifid with lanceolate lobes or segments 79. G. rohusta.

Sect. 5. Cycladenia. — Bacemes manyfloioered, paniculate {scarcely secund?) Pe-
riaiith ncarly of (Jycloptera, hut larger. Torvs struight. J/ypogynous gland annvlar
(deflcient on the loiver side in aU other sections). Ovary glahrous, stipitate. Western
species.
Leaves divided into short rigid linear divaricate pungent-

pointed segments 80. G. annuUfera.

Leaves divided into numerous very long narrow-Iinear seg-

Eients Q\. G. leucopteris.

Sect. 6. Cycloptera. — Bacemes dense, usuaUy paniculate. Flon-ers small. Ferianth-
tube narrow, recurred or nflexed vnder the limb. Torus straight. Ovary glabrous,
stipitate. Fruit usually hroad. Seeds winged all round. Tropical or suhtropical
species,

Leaves longitudinally veined.
Leaves mostly pinnate.

Leaf-segments linear, very long and narrow 82. G. leucadendron.

Leaf-segnients linear cuneate, obtuse, under 5 in. long . 83. G.pyraiuidcdis.
Leaves uudivided, very long, with 9 to 13 closely parallel
veins 84. C. striata.

Grrevillea.] civ. proteace.t:. 423

Leaves undivicled, falcate, longitudinally reticulate and irre-

gularly several-veined 85. O. mlmoxoidea .

Leaves large, peiinivcined, ovate lanccolate or oblong.

Leaves entire or decply pinnatifid, rather thin, ghibrous

above, silvery-silky underneath 86. (?. Hillii.

Leaves rather tliick, entire, minutely pubescent on both
sides 87. G. (jihhosa.

Sect. 7. Eriostylis. — liacemes umhel-like, sessile or nearhj so. Floivers small,
villous. Perianth-tahe narroio or rather broad, revolute under the limh. Torus
atraight. Ovarij shortly stijntale, villous as loell as the style; stigmatic disk lateral.
Leaves entire.

Hairy style produced into an appendage beyond the stigmatic
disk. Eastern species.
Leaves ovate to broadly lanceolate. Stigmatic disk orbicular,

the hairy appcndage reflexed 88. G. huxifolia.

Leaves lanceolate or linear. Stigmatic disk oblong, the

hairy appendage erect 89. G . phylicoides .

Hairy style not produced (or obscnrely so in G. sphacelata),

the disk orbicular or ovah Western species (except G.

sphacelata) .

Leaves lanceolate or linear, scabrous-punctate. Young

branches closely silky. Stigmatic disk oval.

Stipes of the ovary much longer thau the gland. Stig-

matic disk not projecting beyond the hairy style . . 90. G. sphacelata.
Stipes of the ovary very short. Stigmatic disk with a

free glabrous margin 91. G^. occidentalis.

Young brauches villous. Stigmatic disk thick, with an

incnrved turbinate glabrous back 94. G. oxystigma.

Leaves narrow-linear, rarely hmceolate, smooth.

Leaves h'near-terete, pungent-pointed. Stigmatic disk

oval, flat 92. G. acerosa.

Leaves linear, not pungent. Stigmatic disk orbicular,

flat 93. G. zimhellulata.

Leaves linear or lanceolate, nnt pungent. Stigmatic disk

thick with an incurved turbinate glabrons back . . 94. G. oxystigma.
Hairy style not produced beyond the base of the stigmatic
disk which terminates in an oblong involute appendage.
Leaves mostly lanceolate, smooth. Stigmatic disk glabrous

on the baclc 95. G. Candolleana.

Leaves mostly linear, scabrous-punctate. Stigmatic disk

tomentose on the back 96. G. scahra.

Sect. 8. Iiissostylis. — Racemes short and dense {except G.Victorite and G. trachy-
theca). Perianth-tube narroio, revohite or recurved under the limh. Torus straight.
Ovary glahrous, stipitate. Stigmatic disk {or cone in the last two species) very oblique
or lateral.

Series 1. Punicese. — Flotoers vot numerons or in a loose raceme, the perianth
ahout 4 in. long. Leaves entire. Eastern species.

Leaves penniveined, ovate to broadly lanceolate. Eacemes

loose. Style not very long.
Leaves oval or ovate-oblong (li to 24 iu.), veinless above,

penuiveined underneath 97. G. Miqueliana.

Leaves obovate oroval (| to 1| in.), veinless above, 1-nerved

underneath 98. G. hrevifolia.

Leaves lanceolato (2 to 4 in.), penniveined above, 1-nerveu

undemeath 99. (?. Victori<E.

424 Civ. PROTEACE^E. [G/rvillea.

Leaves penniveined, mostly lanceolate, the lateral nerves if
present close to the margin. Style long.
Leaves mostiy under 14 in. long. Eacemes mostly terminal 100. O. punicea.
Leaves mostly 2 to 4 in. long. Racemes mostly axillary . 101. G. oleoidcs.
Leaves narrow, rigid, pungent-pninted.

Leaves linear or lanceolate, mostly 3-nerved 102. G.trinrrvis.

Leavcs linear-subulate, mo.stly 1-nerved lOo. G. juniperina.

(See also Eugrevillea, ser. LeiogyncB.)

Series 2. Sericese. — Floioers numerous in a short dense raceme. Perianth-tube
under 4 lines long. Leaves entire. Fruit usualhj smooth. Eastern species.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate or almost linear, obtuse or with a
small point, silky undemeath.
Flowers silkypubescent. Leaves rarely l^ in. long . . . 104. G. sericea.
Flowei's ferruginous-villous. Leaves mostly l^ to 2 in. long 105. G. capitellata.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear, flat, green ou both sides . 106. G. leiophylla.
Leaves mostly linear, very acute.

Leaves with the midrib very prominent underneath, doubly
grooved when narrow.
Leaves open nnderneath between the midrib and margin.

Perianth-tube 2^ to 3 lines long 107. G^. linearis.

Leaves very rigid, doubly grooved underneath.

Perianthtube 2.^ to 3 lines long 108. G. confertifolia.

Perianth-tube not 2 lines long 109. G. parviflora.

Leaves (under 1 in.) with the midrib not prominent nnder-
neath, singly grooved when narrow. Perianth-tube about
2 iines long 110. O. australis.

Series 3. Occidentales. — Flowers numerous in a dense raceme or head. Perianth-
tuhe under 4 lines long. Leaves entire or divided. Fruit usually {but not always)
rugose or tuberculate. Western species.

Kacemes short. Bracts none or minute and falling off early.
Stigmatic disk flat or convex.
Leaves rather thick, obtuso or mucronate, oblong-cuneate
or linear, entire or divided.
Kacemes ovate, on short peduncles. Perianth-tube about
2 lines long.
Leaves entire or rarely 2- or 3-toothed when broad . 111. 0. comtmdata.
Leaves mostly pinnate with narrow linear segments . 112. G.pinnatisecta.
Racemes globular, ou iiliform peduncles. Perianth-tube

about 1 line long 113. G. argyrophylla.

Leaves rathcr thick, nariow-linear, all entire.

Leaves duubly grooved underneath. No hypogynous

gland. Fruit smooth 114. G. brachystachya.

Leaves long, 1-nerved underneath, concave and nei-veless

above. Gland pulvinate 115. G. Endlicheriana.

Lcaves not very thick, varying from broadly cuneate and
acutely toothed or lobed to narrow-linear and vcry
acute.

Leaves silky-pubcscent underneath 116. G. manglesioides.

Leavcs glabrous on both sides 117. G. diversifulia.

Leaves linear tercte, singly or doubly grooved.

Leaves slender, entire or rarcly 2- or 3-lobcd. Flowers
very sniall.
Leaves 4 to 6 in. long. Eacemes asillary and ter-

niiiiivl 118. G.filifolia.

Loaves 1 to 2 in. long. Raceiues axillary . . .119. G. halctoides.
Leaves ternately dividcdinto rigid divaricate puiigent-

pointed segments 120. 0. teretifolia.

Grevillea,] civ. proteace.i:. 4'25

Racemes sliort. Bracts membranous, broad, imbricate in the

young racemes, persisting neariy to tlie flowering. Stig-

matic disk flat or convcx.

Eacemes on long terminal leafless simple or brancbed pe-

duncles.

Leaves large, glaucous, undulate, deeply pinnatifid, with

obovate or oblong lobes 121. G. erijngioldes.

Leaves narrow-linear, rigid, entire or deeply trifid, doubly

grooved underneath 122. G. hracteosa.

Kacemes dense, terminal. Stigmatic dislvconical in the centre
or replaced by au oblique cone.
Eacemes short, sessile. Leaves short, crowded, with 3 or 5

narrow-linear segments 123. G. crithmifolia.

Racemes elongated, cylindrical. Leaves narrow-linear,

entire or 3-lobed 12 i. G. trachytheca.

Sect. 9. Cono^yne. — Racemes dense or rarely slender, short or cylindrical.
Flowers small. Perianth-tube . slender, recurved under the limb. Torus straight.
Ovary stipitate. Stylefiliform, with an erect stigmatic cone.

Hypogynous gland none or very obscure. Racemes short or
rarely elongated and loose or cylindrical.
Ovary villous. Leaves ternately divided. Eastem speciea.

Leaf-segments narrow-linear, rigid, pungent-pointed . . 125. G. triternata.
Leaf-segments oblong-cuneate or lanceolate, prickly-

toothed 126. G. ramosissima.

Ovary glabrous. Western species except G. nematophylla.
Leaves toothed or pinnatifid.

Leaves ovate, prickly-toothed, glabrous, glaucous . . 127. G. monticola.
Leaves mostly linear-cuneate or lanceolate, toothed or

pinnatifid, silky undemeath 128. G, Muelleri.

Leaves cuneate or linear, 3-fid or 3toothed.

Racemes short and sessile. Entire base of the leaf

short and broad or linear 129. G. trifida.

Racemes oblong-cyliudrical, pedunculate. Entire base

of the leaf long and cuneate. Leaf very glaucous . 130. G. synaphece.
Leaves mostly pinnate with pinnatifid or pinnate pinnfe.
Ultimate leaf-segments short and broad, rhachis

flexuose. Eacemes oblong-cylindrical, compact . . 131. G.flexuosa.
Leaf-segments narrow, rhachis and stems very siender.

Racemes elongated, loose 132. (?. leptohotrya.

Leaves twice or thrice ternately divided into linear pun-
gent-pointed segments.
Leaf-segmeiits short. Racemes short and sessile . . 133. G. breviciispis.
Leafsegments iong. Racemes cylindrical elongated

and loose 134. (?. intricata.

Leaves filiform, entire. Racemes cylindrical, paniculate . 135. G. diJymohotrya.
Hypogynous gland semiannular. Racemes cyliudrical, nar-
row, in a terminal leafless panicle.
Leaves flat, oblong or lanceolate. Ovary stipes very short 136. G. polyhotrya.
Leaves linear-terete, very long. Ovary stipes long . . . 137. G. nematophylla.

Sect. 10. Anadenia. — Bacemes dense, short or cylindrical. Flowers small.
Perinnth-tuhe slender, straight, limh erect. Torus straight. Style filiform or dilated
upicards, not contracted under the erect stigmatic cone. Western species except G.
anethitolia.

Hypogynous gland semiannular. Leaves linear-terete, ter-
nately divided.
Leaf-segments divaricate, under 1 in. long, pungent-pointed.

Racemes short, sessile. Style dilated and flattened . . 138. G. anethifolia.

426 ctv. PROTEACE-E. [Gremllea.

Racemfscylindrical, spike-like,ses8ile, the rhachis denselj

villous. Style long, filiform 139. G. paradoxa.

Leaf-segments erect, above 1 in. long, not pungent. Ea-
cemes spike-like, pedunculate along a common leafless

peiluncle 140. G. petrophiloides.

No hypogynous gland.

Leaves flat, pinnate, with 3-lobed or pinnatifid pinnje.
Eacemes rather short. Ovary stipitate.

Pinnfe 3 or 5. Perianth 2^ Hnes long 141. G. tenuiflora.

Pinnse 7 to 11. Perianth 14 lines long 142. G. pulchella.

Leaves entire or toothed at the end. Eacemes cylindrical.
Ovary nearly sessile.
Leaves narrow cuneate, 3-lobed or 3-toothed at the end.

Ovary villous 143. (?. rudis.

Leaves obovate-oblong or lanceolate, entire. Ovary
glabrous.

Leaves glabrous 144. G. SJiuttlen-orthiana

Leaves more or less pubescent 145. G.inlegrifolia.

Leaves narrow-linear. Ovary glabrous.

Fruit 3 or 4 times as long as broad 146. G. stenocarpa.

Sect. 11. Mang^lesia. — Bacenies short,dense,axillriry. Floicers small. Perianth-
tuhe straifjht, slendtr orfusiform ; limb erect. Torus straight. Ovary ghihrous, sti^n-
tate. Style turgid in the rniddle or fusiform, constricted wider the erect stigmatic
cone. Western species.

Hypogynous gland none. Style fusiform. Stem-leaves
broadly cuneate ; floral leaves with 3 linear pungent seg-

ments 147. G. acrohotrya.

Hypogynous gland semianuular. Style turgid in the middle.
Capsule very rugose. Leaves mostly above 1 in. long.
Leaves quite glabrous. Racemes branching.

Leaves broad, once or twice trifid with short lobes . 148. G. gJahrata.

Leaves narrow, with 3 lanceolate lobes 149. G. ornithopoda.

Leaves mostly biternate with terete pungent-pointed

segments. Fruit erect 150. G. paniculata.

Leaves more or less hoary, at least when young. Racemes
simple.
Leaves mostly biternate witli narrow pungent-pointed

segments. Fruit transverse 151. G. biternata.

Leaves linear-cuneate, simple or trifid, villous under-

neath 152. G. triloha.

Capsule smooth. Leaves mostly under 1 in. long, with
pungent-pointed lobes or segments or teeth.
Leaves broad, stem-clasping with large auiicles, prickly-

toothed 153. G. amplpxans.

Leaf lobes more or less dilated, showing tlie imder surface 154. G. vestita.
Leaf-segments narrow-linear, very rigid, doubly grooved

underneath 155. G. tridentifera.

Leaf-segmeutsslender, terete, mostly 1-grooved . . . . 156. G. erinacea.

G. berherifolia, podocarpifolia and trifurcata, Sweet, and G. Flindersii and mucro-
nifilia, A. Cunn., included in Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2, are garden names of unpiiblisbrd
species, which, if genuine Grevillece, must be the sanie as some of those here described.

Sect. 1. EuGREviLLEA. — Racemes secimd and elong-ated or few-
flowered, rarely reduced to 1 or 2 pairs of iiowers, xisually terminal.
Periantli-tube usually dilated below tlie middle, and opeuing- on tlie
lower side, the segments otherwise long^-cohering-, revolute above the

Grevillea.] civ. proteace^. 427

middle. Torus small, straig-lit or slig-litly oblique. Stig-matic disk flat
or convex, lateral.

Series 1. Leiooyn^^. — Ovary g'labrous, stipitate. Torus some-
times oblique but with the g-land-side the long-est (not the shortest as
in Plagiopoda and Calothyrsus).

This series differs from Lissostylis in tlie more secuml inflorescence aiid in tlie sliape
of the perianth.

1. G. pinaster, Meissn. in Hook. Eero Journ. vii. 7Q, and in DC. Prod,
xiv. 367. A bushy shrub attaining- 3 or 4 ft. the young' branches
tomentose, the adult foliag-e g-labrous. Leaves linear, usually very
narrow and doubly grooved underneath, the lower ones on the young*
plants sometimes broader linear-lanceolate llat 3-nerved and slightly
silky underneath, all obtuse or with a small callous point, 1 to 2 in.
long-. Racemes spreading", rather loose, secund, 1 to 1| in. long", the
rhachis minutely pubescent. Pedicels filiform, 1 to 2 lines long".
Perianth quite ghibrous outside or sprinkled with few hairs, bearded
inside to below the middle with short hairs, the tube 3 to 4 lines long-,
dilated at the base, attenuate and revolute under the g-lobuhir limb.
Hypogynous ghmd thick, rather broad, semicircuhir. Ovar}' ghibrous,
on a long- stipes ; style long-, clavate under the broad very oblique or
hiteral stig-matic disk. Fruit glabrous, nearly smooth, rather narrow,
the stipes dilated upwards and tiattened. Seeds with a narrow wing
on the outer edg'e.

TV. Australia. Murchison river, OlJfield, Drummond, Gth coll. n. 182.

Var. hrevifoUa. Leaves all under 1 in. loiig and the racemes short ; in one fipeci-
men a few otthe larger leaves divided into 3 segments. — Murchison river, Oldfield.

Var. liirtella. Leaves of the preceding variety, but more or less hirsute with short
fine spreading hairs often clustered. — Champion Bay, Walcott ; a single specimen in
herb. F. Mueller.

2. G. obtusifolia, 3feissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 35G. A much-branclied
shrub, apparently spreading; or procimibent, the young branches
slig"htly pubescent with appressed hairs. Leaves oblong'-linear or
linear-cuneate, obtuse, with recurved or revolute marg"ins, contracted
into a short petiole, glabrous and smooth above, silky-ferrug-inous
underneath, with a prominent midrib. Racemes short, secund, rather
loose, the rhachis and pedicels g-labrous or nearly so. Pedicels slender,
1 to 2 lines long-. Perianth glabrous outside, bearded inside to below
the middle with very short liairs, the tube fully 3 lines long', broad at
the base, attenuate and revolute under the obliquely g-lobular limb.
H^-pogynous g-land thick, broad, semicircular. Ovary g-labrotis, on a
long- stipes. Style long-, thickened at the end under the very oblique
or lateral stig-matic disk. Fruit above ^ in. long', nearly smooth, the
stipes thickened upwards and flattened.

^V. Australia, Drummond, 4th coll. n. 278, also n. 10 and 34. The spc( irs is
verj near to and perhaps a variety of G. pinaster.

428 civ. PROTEACE^. [GrevUlea.

3. G. sparsiflora, F. Mvell. Fragm. vi. 206. A buslij shrub of
about 3 ft., with erect branches, tbe young" sboots minutely silky-
2)ubescent, tbe adult fobag-e nearly g-labrous. Leaves ratber crowded,
erect, very narrow-Iinear or almost terete, obtuse or witb a small
callous point, |- to 1 in long-, doubly g-rooved underneatb by tbe tbick-
ened margin and midrib. Pedicels in pairs or even solitary, axillary
and terminal, 2 to 3 lines long-. Periantb g-labrous or nearly so, tbe
tube nearly 4 lines long-, ratber narrow, attenuate and revolute under
tlie g-lobular bmb, densely bearded inside about tbe middle with
reflexed bairs. Torus small, straig-bt. Ovary stipitate, glabrous ; style
long-, witb an orbicular lateral stig"matic disk.

"W. Australia. Sand flats near Eyre's Relief, Cape AriJ, Maxwell.

4. G. macrostylis, F. Mvell. Fragm. i. 137. A sbrub of 4 to 6 ft.,
very near G. tripurtita, witb the same indorescence flowers and fruit,
but a diflerent foHag'e. Leaves on sbort petioles, cuneate at the base,
more or less deeply divided into 3 broad triang"ubir or lanceolate
pung-ent-pointed lobes, nearly g-bibrous and more or less veined above,
silvery-silky underneatb, tbe wbole leaf usually about 1 in. long- and
broad. Flowers few in umbel-like axillary or terminal racemes, more
or less secund. Periantb above | in. long-, entirely as in G. tripartita
as well as tbe hypogynous gland and pistil.

TV. Australia. Eyre's Eelief and East Moiint Bari-en, Maxwell. In one speci-
men the leaves are much narrower and deeply 3-fid, or a few of them linear-lanceolate
and eutire.

5. G. tripartita, Mcissn.. in DC. Prod. xiv. 373. An erect shrub of
3 to 5 ft., tbe brancbes tomentose. Leaves pinnate, witb 3 or 5 linear
divaricate very rigid and pung-ent-pointed seg-ments, flat but tbick,
doubly g-rooved underneath, g-bibrous or sbgbtly silky, tbe wbole leaf

1 to l^ in. long', the common petiole sbort. Racemes sessile, few-
flowered, terminal or in tbe upper axils. Pedicels pubescent, 4 to 5
lines long-. Perianth sbg-btly pubescent outside and minutely so inside
about tbe middle, tbe tube ratber broad, 7 to 8 Hnes long-, attenuate
and revohite under the very oblique usuall}' tomentose bmb. Torus
sbgbtly obHque, tbe g-land-side uppermost. H^iDogynous g-land broad,
thick, obbquely semicircular. Ovary g-labrous on a short stipes ; style
very long', scarcely thickened under tbe larg^e lateral stig-matic disk.
Fruit bard, 0 to 8 Hnes long-, smooth or with a few prominent
tubercles.

W. Australia, Drummond, Ath coll. n. 285, lioe ; sandy ridges, rhillips river,
Maxaell.

6. G. platypoda, F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 205. A sbrub with stout
minutely tomentose brancbes, very ang-ular when young-. Leaves
shortly petiolate, deeply pinnatifid, with 3 or 5 broadiy cuneate mostly
3-lobed seg-ments, aU sbort and pung-ent-pointed, the wbole leaf 1 to

2 in. long' and broad, firmly coriaceous, g-labrous and shining' above,
minutely silky underneatb, the primary veins prominent. Racemes 2-

Grevillea.] civ. proteace^. 429

to 4-flowered, very sliortly pedunculate, several tog'etlier in terminal or
lateral raceme-like panicles of 2 or 3 in., the common rhachis broadly
fasciate and liexuose. Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long-. Perianth slig-htly
pubescent outside, shortly bearded inside above the middle, the tube
4 to 5 lines long-, slig-htly dilated below tlie middle, much revolute and
attenuate under the g-lobular limb. Torus nearly straig-ht. Ghmd
very prominent, obliquel}' semicupular. Ovary g-labrous, shortly stipi-
tate; style not very long-, shortly thickened under the broadly oval
lateral stig-matic disk.

VST. Australia. Stirling range, F. Mueller, a single f3pecimen in herb. F. Mueller.
The dilatatiou of the rhachis of inflorescence may possibly be abnormal.

7. G. patentiloba, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 137. A spreading- shrub of
about 4 ft., g'labrous or the young- slioots minutely silky-pubescent.
Leaves mostly twice pinnatifid, with 3 to 7 primary pinme, the lower
ones with 3 to 5 seg'ments and sometimes some of these ag-ain divided,
and a few- leaves with only 3 to 5 segments altog-ether, the seg-ments
all linear, often short, rig-id, divaricate, pung-ent-pointed, thick but flat,
smooth above, doubly gTOOved underneath, the whole leaf under 2 in.
diameter. Racemes 2- to 4-flowered, on very short peduncles but often
rather numerous in a raceme-like panicle with a common minutely
pubescent rhachis of 1| to 3 in. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long-. Perianth
pubescent outside and in, the tube broad, about 4 lines long-, revolute
above the middle and much constricted under the obliquely g-lobular
limb. Torus straig*ht or oblique with the giand-side tlie long-est.
Gland prominent, oblique. Ovary giabrous, shortly stipitate ; style
long-, sligiitlv thickened under the oblique almost lateral stig-matic
dislc.

^V. Australia, Drimmond ; Phillips Range, Maxwell.

8. G. pectinata, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 23. A low spreading- or pro-
cumbent shrub, rarely above 2 ft. higii, the young* shoots minutely
silky-pubescent, the adult foliag-e giabrous, of a pale colour. Leaves
pinnate, with 9 to 11 seg-ments, all approximate and parallel, narrow
linear, thick but flat, obtuse or witli a small callous point, doubly
gTOOved underneath or on both sides by the prominent margins and
midrib, the lower ones of each leaf l^ to f in. long- and reg-ularly dimi-
nishing- to the end. Racemes very short and loose, simple or rarely
branched. Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long'. Perianth slig-htly hoarv-
pubescent or silky outside, very sparingiy bearded inside, the tube " ^
in. long', not very broad at the base, tapering- into a revolute neck
under the giobular limb. Torus nearly straig'ht. Hypogynous giand
very prominent, thin, erect, semicupular. Ovary giabrous, on a ratlier
short stipes ; style very long-, sligiitly clavate under the lateral stig--
matic disk, fruit nearly giobular, 4 to 5 lines long", prominently rug-ose.
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 372 ; G. etenophylla, Meissn. l.c.

y^. Australia, Drummovd, bth coll. n. 407 ; between Lucky Bay and Cape Arid,
Baxter; East Mount Barren and Phillips Range, Maxwell.

430 civ. puoteacejE. [Grevillea.

9. G. plurijuga, F. Mucll. Frarjm. iv. 84. A spreading- shrub
attaininp- 5 or (J tt. in heig-ht and 10 ft. diameter, quite g-labrous or the
young- shoots minutely tomentose. Leaves simply pinnate, with 9 to 21
iinear-terete rig-id but rather slender mucronate segnients, mostly f to
li in. long-, sing-ly or doubly g-rooved underneath. Flowering-
bi-anches almost leailess or with simple leaves at the base of the
racemes. Eacemes loose, secund, 2 to 4 in. lono-. Pedicels slender, 3
to 4 lines long-, g-labrous as well as the rhachis. Perianth g-labrous
but apparently viscid outside, shortly bearded inside at about the
middle, the tube 6 to 6 lines long-, rather broad in the lower part,
attenuate above the middle and much revolute under the obliquely
giobular limb. Torus straig-ht. Gland semicircukir, slig-htly promi-
nent. Ovary giabrous, very sliortly stipitate ; style very long-, the
stig-matic disk hiteral. Fruit obliquely ovoid, hard, ? to 8 lines long-.

W. Australia. Sand flats, Point Malcolm, Maxwdl.

10. G. nudiflora, Meissn. in DC. Procl. xiv. 366. A diffuse
prostrate or trailing- shrub extending- sometimes to several feet,
glabrous or the young- shoots minutely silk3'-pubescent. Leaves rather
crowded at the' base of the branches, undivided, very narrow-Hnear,
rig-id but not pung-ent, doubly g-rooved underneath by the prominent
midrib and margins, varying- from under 2 in. to fully 6 in. long-.
Flowering- branches long- and leafless, often compressed. Kacemes
loose but few-flowered, on short distant simple or branched peduncles,
the subtending- leaves reduced to small scales or entirely deficient.
Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long-. Perianth red, giabrous outside, bearded
inside to below the middle with short hairs, the tube 4 or 5 lines long-,
rather broad, attenuate and revolute under the giobular limb, Torus
straigiit. Gland prominent, semi-annular. Ovary giabrous, rather
shortly stipitate ; style long-, sligiitly thickened under the very oblique
or hiteral stig-matic disk. Fruit broad, about | in. long-, smooth or
slig-htly chagrined. — G. pcclunculosa, F. MueU. Fragm. i. 135.

■W. Australia, Drummond, 5th coll. n. 406 ; Upper Kalgan river, Oldjield, F.
3fueller ; Phillips raiiges, Salt and Fitzgerald rivers, Maxicell.

11. G. stenomera, F. Mucll. Frngm. iv. 85, A spreading shrub
of 4 or 6 ft., the young- branches hoary or silvery with a minute
tomentum, the adult foliag'e giabrous. Leaves pinnate, with narrow-
linear seg-ments twice as long' and not quite so regular as in G. pecti-
nata, mostly 1 to 2 in. long", obtuse or mucronate, doubly g-rooved
undemeath. Eacemes solitary or several in a terminal panicle, spread-
ing-, loose, secund, 1| to 2 in, long-, the rhachis and pedicels minutely
pubescont or nearly giabrous. Pedicels about 2 lines long- in flower,
twice as long* in fruit. Perianth nearly giabrous outside, bearded
inside above the middle, the tube about 3 lines long-, dilated in the
lower part, attenuate and revolute under the giobular limb. Torus
straig-ht. Gland broad, thick, semicircular, Ovary giabrous, on a long

Grevillea.\ Civ. proteaceje. 431

stipes. Style long-, slig-htly tliickened under tlie lateral sti^matic disk.
Fruit oblong, smootli or slig-htly rug-ose, 6 to 8 lines long-.

VS^. Australia. Murcliison river aud near Bunbury, OklfieJd. This niay prove to
be a variety of G. Thclenianiiiana, witli less divided leaves and a looser influrescence.

12. G. Thelemanniana, I^ndl. Nov. Stirp. Bec. 6. A spreading-
shrub of 3 to 0 ft., the young- branches softly tomentose the foliage
glabrous or ver}'- slightly silky, of a pale or glaucous hue, not unUke
that of some Artemisife. Leaves pinnate with the lower pinnoe usually
ag'ain divided, the seg'ments rather numerous, linear, terete, slender,
not pung-ent, sing-ly or doubly g-rooved underneath, the whole leaf 1 to
2 in. long-. Racemes terminal, spreading-, secund, rather dense, 1 to
l^ in. long-, the rhachis tomentose. Flowers pink with g'reen tips.
Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long-. Perianth sprinkled outside with a few
appressed hairs, bearded inside above the middle with short hairs, the
tube 3 to 3| lines long-, somewhat dihited below the middle, attenuate
and revolute under the globuhir limb. Torus straight. Gland broad,
semi-orbicular, thick but flat or obscurely 3-lobed. Ovary g-labrous,
on a long- stipes ; style long-, thickened under the obHque or lateral
stig-matic disk. Fruit smooth, 5 or 6 lines long-. — Meissn. in DC.
Prod. xiv. 372; BailL Hist. Pl. ii. 389, f. 210; G. Preissii, Meissn. in
Pl. Preiss. i. 643, ii. 253 and in DC. Prod. xiv. 371 ; Bot. Mao-.

S. Australia? Murray Desert near Lake Alexandrina, PFwr^/*, a single specimen
in lierb. F. Mneller. Can it be a cultivated one ?

W. Australia. Swan river, iJrummond, ?i. 69, Ist coll. n. 637, Prciss, n. 709, and
cthcrs; between Swan river and King George's Sound, Harveij ; King George's
Sound, Fraser.

I bave not seen any typical specimens of the plant originally described by Endlicher
from Baron Huegel's garden, but his character agrees well with the common Swan river
specimens. Baillon's figure above quoti.-d represents well the foliage and inflorescence
but the enlarged figures 217 and 218 difler both from Endlichei's description and froni
our specimens in the shape of the perianth, its dense pubescence, and in the very short
stipes of the ovary.

Series 2. Hebegyn^. — Ovary sessile or scarcely stipitate, densely
villous. Torus sometimes but very rarely slig-htly oblique with the
gland-side the shortest.

This series differs from Ptycliocarpa chiefly in the oblong or elongated secund
racemes, in the periantli glabrous inside as well as the style, and in the leaves not so
constantly entire as in Ptychocarpa. The absence or prominence of ribs on the fruit is
a character very rarely appreciable. The seeds are in some species more winged than
in PtychucarjM, but that appears to be no more than a specific distinction, and can very
rarely be ascertained from herbarium specimens.

13. G. concinna, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 172, Prod. 377, and
Prot. Nov. 18. An erect busliy shrub of several feet, the young-
branches tomentose hoary or forruginous. Leaves mostly entire, linear
or linear-h^nceohite, very shortly mucronate, 1 to 2 in. long-, smooth
above and glabrous when ohl, silky-pubescent underneath, but when
narrow the under surface concealed by the revolute margins and thick

432 Civ. PROTEACE^. [Grccillca.

niidrib, and occasionally on young- plants a few leaves deeply lobed.
Racemes terminal, shortly pedunculate, dense, secund, \ to 1 in. long-
in the tvpical tbrm. Pedicels very short, silky as well as the rhachis.
Perianth silky outside, glabrous inside, the tube 3|- to 4 lines long-,
rather broad at the base, much attenuate and revohite under the giobu-
lar limb. Torus straig-ht. Gland broad, depressed, semilunar. Ovary
shortly stipitate, densely villous ; style long-, g-labrous, slig-htly thick-
ened under the broad obhque stigmatic disk. Fruit acuminate, about
I in. long:, obscurely ribbed. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 36? ; Sweet,
Fl. Austral. t. 7 ; Bot. Reg-. t, 1383 ; G. Lemamiana, Meissn. l.c. 366.

W. Australia, Drummond, bth coll. n. 405; Lucky Bay, i?. Brown, Baxter ;
Gardiner, Fitzgerald aiid Pbillips ranges, West Mount Barren, Bremer Bay, Maxwdl.

Var. racemosa. Racemes longer and more erect. — G. Hewardiana, Msissn. in DC.
Prod. xiv. 366, and G. coccinea, ]\Ieissn. l.c. 367. — Drummond, bth coll. n. 404 ;
Mount Manj-peak, Preiss, »i. 711 ; Gardiuer river, JlaxweU.

14. G. Hookeriana, Mdsm. in Pl. Preiss. i. 546, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 374. An erect shrub of several feet, the branches tomentose.
Leaves pinnate, with 3 to 9 very narrow-linear seg"raents, rig-id but not
pungent, doubly grooved underneath by the revohite margins and pro-
minent midrib, giabrous when full grown, the whole leaf 6 to 8 in.
long- in some specimens with distant segments of 1 to 2 in., the leaf in
other specimens 1 to 2 in. with segments of | to 1 in. Racemes spike-
like, dense, erect, secund, l^ to 3 in. long-, the rhachis tomentose-
villous. Pedicels scarcely any. Perianth silky-villous outside, gia-
brous inside, the tube about 4 lines long-, sligiitly dihited below the
middle, attenuate and revolute below the giobular hmb. Torus
straig-ht. Gland broad, horizontally spreading-, semiorbicular. Ovary
densely villous, contracted at the base but scarcely stipitate ; style
long-, giabrous, the stig-niatic disk obhque. Fruit obtusely angular,
shortly acuminate, about f in. long-. — G. tctragonoloba, Meissn. in DC.
Prod. xiv. 374,

^V. Australia, Drtimmond, \st coll. n. 033, 4th coll. n. 282 ; Gardiner river and
Doubtful Island Bay, Oldfield.

Drummond's specimens 6th coll. n. 184, referred here by Meissner, although much
resembling G. Hookeriana in foliage, have very different flowers aud constitute the G.
pinnatisecta.

15 ? G. Baxteri, P. Br. Prot. Nov. 22. Leaves pinnate, silky on
both sides, the segments about 1 in. long-, narrow-linear, mucronate.
Racemes erect. Perianth and pistil silfy. Stig"matic disk dilated,
convex, nearly vertical. — Meissn. in DC. Prod, xiv, 372.

TV. Australia, Cape Arid, Baxter. I have not seen this species, the parcel of
R. Brown's collection containing the original spccimen could not be found, and I have
not met with it in any other set of Baxter's phxnts. It appears to be very close to G.
Hooleriana, and perhaps one of its forms, but differing in the siiky leaves and vertical
Btigmatic disk.

16. G. pterosperma, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 22, and
in HooJt. Kciv Jnurn. viii. 208. A shrub of several feet with numerous

Grcvillca.] civ. proteace.i;, 433

erect branches, silky-tomentose when young;. Leaves very narrow-
linear, erect, entire or rarely divided into 2 or 3 seg-ments, rig-id but
not pung-ent, 3 to 6 in. long-, doubly g-rooved underneath, sprinkled
with small appressed silky hairs or at leng-th g-hibrous. Racemes
terminal, secund, rather loose, "3 to 4 in. long-, the llowers numerous.
Pedicels rarely 1 line long-, silky-tomentose as well as the rhachis.
Bracts membranous and imbricate on the young- racemes but fiiUing
away very early. Perianth silky-villous outside, g-labrous inside, the
tube nearly 3 lines long-, somewhat dikited below the middle, narrow
and revohite under the g-lobuhir Umb. Torus straig-ht. Gland semi-
annular, broader and llatter in the western than in the eastern spe-
cimens. Ovary distinctly stipitate, viUous with long* hairs ; style
g'hibrous, the stig-matic disk obUque. Fruit nearl}'- g-lobular, densely
tomentose, about h in. diameter. Seed-wing- rather broad, especiaUy
on the outer margin. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 384 ; G. scricostachya,
Meissn. l.c. (previously named but without diag-nosis in Hook. Kew
Journ. iv. 186.)

N. S. ^Vales. Near tlie junction of the Murrumbidgee and the Murray rivers,
F. Jliieller ; between the Lacblan and Darling rivers, Barkitt.
Victoria. ^^'iniraera and Murray Desert, Dallachy.
S. Australia. Cooper's Creek, Howitfs Exjjedition.
■^V. Australia, Drummond, bth coll. suppl. n. 10, also n. 70.

17. G. eriostachya, Liiidl. Swan Riv. App. 36. A stout erect shrub
of 3 to 6 ft., the young- branches silky-hoary or tomentose. Leaves
very narrow-Unear, occasionaUy undivided but mostly pinnate with 3
to 5 long- distant seg-ments, rig-id but not pungent, doubly grooved
underneath, g-labrous or very minutely pubescent, 4 to 8 in. long-.
Racemes terminal, erect, dense, secund, 3 to 6 in. long- on short thick
tomentose-viUous peduncles, and sometinies several on a long- lealless
branch, but often the floral branches leafy, the whole racerae densely
tomentose-viUous. Pedicels very short. Bracts membranous, viUous,
imbricate on the young- raceme but faUing* off very early. Perianth
silky-viUous outside, g-labrous inside, the tube about | in. long-, sUo-htly
dilated at the base, revohite under the obUque ovoid-globular limb.
Torus straig'ht. Gland broad, flat, semi-Umar. Ovary sessile, densely
viUous ; style long-, g-labrous, sUg'htly clavate under the obUque
stig-matic disk. Fruit thick but flattened, obUque, broad, | in. long\
Seeds broadly wing-ed all round. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 545, and in
DC. Prod. xiv. 383.

^V. Australia, Druminond, \st coll. n. 636, 2nd coll. n. 328, also n. 73; Jlurchi-
son river, Oldjield ; Champion Bay, Walcott.

G. pityophylla, F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 208, described frdni a mere fragment in Drum-
mond'8 coUection, appears to me to be this species with the leaves entire, the margins
more revolute showing only a single groove underneath.

18. G. thyrsoides, Mcissn. in Hook. Kcm Jonrn. vii. ll ., and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 375. Stems apparently decumbent, leafy at the base,
slig-htly tomentose or silky-pubescent. Leaves pinnate, with 6 to 14
pairs of very narrow linear seg-ments, rig-id but not pung-ent, more or

VOL. V. F F

434 civ. PROTEACE^. [GrevUlca.

less scabrous-punctate, doubly g-rooved underneatb, the wliole leaf
2 to 4 in. long-, the segments | to 1| in. Flowering- stems virgate,
leafless, often above 1 ft. long-, bearing- at tlie end 1 to 3 shortly
pedunculate racemes and several abortive ones lower down. Perfect
racemes secund, dense, 2 to 4 in. long-, the rhachis tomentose-villous.
Pedicels very short. Bracts ovate or lanceolate, imbricate on the
voung- raceme but falling- off very early. Perianth rather loosely
silky-villous outside, g-hibrous inside, the tube about 4 lines long-,
broad and almost g-ibbous at the base, narrow fi-om the middle, revo-
hite under the g-lobular limb. Torus straig-ht. Gland broad, hori-
zontal, semi-lunar, Ovary densely villous on a distinct stipes ; style
long-, more or less bearded, shortly thickened under the obhque
stismatic disk. Fruit unknown.

W. Australia. Bctween Dundagaran ancl Smith river, Drummond, 6th coll. v.
183.

19. G. chrysodendron, i?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 176, Prod.
379. A tree of 15 to 20 ft., the young- branches tomentose. Leaves
pinnate with numerous very narrow linear segments of 4 to 8 in. the
lower ones sometimes forked, the rhachis angular, 6 in. to 1 ft. long-,
the seg-ments silky underneath, becoming- g-labrous above, rarely rather
broader and veiued, the margins revolute. Racemes erect, terminal
or in the upper axils, rather dense, secund, 3 to 5 in. long'. Flowers
yellow. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long-, tomentose-villous as Avell as the
rhachis. Perianth pubescent or villous outside, g-labrous inside, the
tube not broad, scarcely 3 hnes long-, slightly contracted and much
revolute under the globuhir Hmb. Torus straight. GLand almost or
quite divided into two, broad and short. Ovary sessile, villous ; style
long, the stig-matic disk oblique or lateral, Avith a prominent central
umbo. Fruit obHcpiely ovate-oblong, compressed, about f in. long.
Seedwing surrounding the nucleus, but narrow. — Meissn. in DC. Prod.
xiv. 383 ; G. pteridijblia Knight, Prot. 121 ; G. Mitchellii, Hook. in
Mitch. Trop. Austral. 265 ; Meissn. l.c.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gull of rarpcntaria, R. Brown ; Victoria river,
B>/noe, F. Mueller ; Port Essington, Arms'r mg ; Port Darwin, tSchulz ; Melville
island, Fraser, and other points of the N. coa^t, ^-1. Cunningham, and others.

Queensland. Endeavour river, R. Broiun ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachi/ ; Mistake
Creek, Fitzalan; Cape river, Bowman ; Brigalow scrub on the Beljando, Mitchell.

Meissner distinguishes two species amongst MitchelTs specimens, differing chieQy in
the breadth of the perianth-tube and in the degree of obliquity of the stigmatic di.-k,
differences which however I have failed to appreciate in the specimens quoted.

20. G. Banksii, B. Br. in Trans. lAnn. Soc. x. 176, Prod. 379. A
tall shrub or slender tree of 15 to 20 ft. the branches and inliorescence
softly ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves deeply pinnatifid or pinnate,
with 3 to 11 broadly Hnear or lanceolate segments, obtuse or mucronate,
with recurved margins, 2 to 4 in. long, glabrous above, silky-ferruginous
underneath, the nii(h-ib alone prominent or obscurely penniveined, the
whole leaf 4 to 8 in. long and here and there a smaller leaf undivided.
Racemes terminal, erect, dense, secund, 2 to 4 in. long, soHtary or 2 or 3

Grevillea.] civ. puoteacejj. 43^

on a tenninal leafless peduncle. Flowers red. Pedicels 3 to 4 lines
long-, tomentose as well as tlie rhachis. Perianth tomentose outside,
g-hibrous inside, the tube not very broad, 6 or 7 lines long-, contracted
and revohite under the hmb. Torus straig"ht or nearly so. Gland
prominont, semiannuhir, more or less lobed or jag'g'ed. Ovary sessile,
densely villous ; style long- and glahrous, chivate under the very ob-
lique or lateral convex stig-matic disk. Fruit obhquely ovate, com-
pressed, almost acute, about 1 in. long-. — Meissn. in I)C. Prod. xiv.
375 ; Bauer, IHustr. t. 9.

Queensland. Broad Soimd, Keppel and Shoalwater Bays, B.Broicn; openbarren
hills, upper Brisbane river, A. Cunningham ; Rockhampton, Thozet ; head of Cape
Tiver. Boicman ; W k\e Bay, Bidwill ; KeppelBay, 0'Shanesy; mouth of Fitzroy river,
C Haynes ; Facing Island, W. Hill.

21. G. Calejri, B. Br. Prot. Nov. 22. A slender shrub of5 or 6 ft.,
the branches petioles and inflorescence densely villous with soft spread-
ing- ferrug-inous hairs. Leaves deeply pinnatifid or pinnate with nume-
rous (above 20) oblong"-hnear divaricate seg-ments, obtuse or mucronate,
"with recurved margins, gdabrous above, softly villous underneath, | to
Ih in. long- but very reg-ular on the same leaf, the whole leaf 3 to 6 in.
long-. Racemes terminal or in the upper axils, erect, rather dense,
secund, shortly pedunculate, l^ to 2 in. long-. Pedicels 1 to 2 hnes
long-. Perianth pubescent or villous outside, glabrous inside, the tube
about 3 hnes long-, shg-htly dilated at the base, contracted and revolute
under the ovoid limb. Torus straight. Ghmd semicircular, not very
prominent. Ovary shortly stipitate, villous ; style long-, giabrous,
shortly thickened under the obhc|ue umbonate stig-matic disk. Fruit
broadiy falcate, shgiitly compressed, | in. long-, villous but the concave
edg"e marked with longitudinal giabrous hnes. — Meissn.' in DC. Prod.
xiv. 375 ; Bot. Mag". t. 3133 ; G. blechiiifolia, A. Cunn. Herb.

N. S. TVales. Port Jackson, Caley, A. Gunmngham.

22. G. asplenifolia, Knight Prot. 120. A tall shrub or small
slender tree of 12 to 15 ft., the branches minutely silk3'-puhescent when
very young". Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, mucronate-acute,
entire acutely toothed or pinnatifld with short broad acute lobes, con-
tracted into a short petiole, 4 to 10 in. long-, giabrous and more or less
distinctly penniveined above, silky-silvery or fulvous underneath, the
midrib alone promineut. Racemes sessile or shortly pedunculate, ter-
minal or in the upper axils, secund, 1 to 2 in. long-. Pedicels scarcely
1 line long-, minutely tomentose as well as the rhachis. Perianth silk}'-
pubescent outside, giabrous inside, the tube narrow, 4 or 5 lines long",
revolute under the obliquely giobular limb. Torus straigiit or nearly
so. Gland semiannular, not very prominent. Ovary sliortly stipitate,
villous ; style long-, giabrous ; stigmatic disk oblirpie, convex. — R. Br,
in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 175, Prod. 379; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv.
376; G. lonrjifolia, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 22; Meissn. l.c.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Bhie Mountains, dle.y, A. Cunningham,
Fraser, and others ; Sydney woods, Paris Exhibition, 1855, M'Arthur, n. 181.

F F 2

436 civ. PROTEACE^, [Grevillea.

23. G. cirsiifolia, Meissn. in Pl. Prciss. ii. 253, and bi DC. Prod. xiv.
376. Stems prostrate, not much branched, silW-tomentose. Leaves
linear or lanceolate, 3 to 0 in. long-, entire remotely toothed or pin-
natifid, the teeth or lobes short and falcate or rarely long-er and lau-
ceolate, g-labrous above when full g-rown, silky underneath. Racemes
Uiteral or axillary, loose, secund, shortly pedunculate, 2 to 3 in. long-,
the rhachis pedicels and perianths silky and often fulvous. Bracts
small, often persistent. Pedicelsl^ to 31ines long-. Perianth g-hibrous
inside, the tube scarcely dilated at the base, revohite above the middle
and the 2 lower seg-ments there dilated into broad semiorbicular hori-
zontally spreading- appendag-es, forming- a broad cUsk entirely conceal-
ing- the revolute g-lobular limb. Torus straight. Ghmd obsolete.
Ovary sessile or nearly so, densely villous with long- fulvous hairs ;
style g-labrous, thick but flattened; stig-matic disk hiteral, thick, the
stig-ma on a prominent central point. Fruit very obHcpie, ovoid, about
4 lines long-.

TV. Australia, Drummond, Zrd coll. n. 267. The curious form of the perianth is
quite anomalous in the genus.

24. G. laurifolia, Sieh. in Roem. and Schult. Sijst. iii., Mant. 2?9 and in
Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 4-5. A procumbent or trailing- shrub, the young
branches minutely silky-tomentose. Leaves petiohite, ovate oblong- or
broadly lanceolate, obtuse or mucronate, entire, rounded or cuneate at
the base, 2 to 5 in. long-, g-labrous above, closely silky underneath,
the primary veins nearly parallel and arching* into an intramarg-inal
nerve but not quite so reg'uhir as in G. Goodii, and the reticulate vein-
lets scarcely conspicuous. Racemes terminal or hiteral, shortly pedun-
cuhate, secund, rather dense, 1 to li or rarely 2 in. long-. Pedicels 1
to 2 lines long", closely ferrug-inous-tomentose as well as the rhachis.
Perianth slig-htly hairy outside, g-labrous inside, the tube obUcjuely
dilated at the base, abuut 4 lines long-, attenuate and revolute under
the g-lobular limb. Torus straig-ht. Ghind prominent, semiannuhir.
Ovary stipitate, villous ; style long-, g-labrous ; stig-matic disk obhque,
umbonate. — R. Br. Prot. Nov. 17 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 352 ;
G. humifusa, A. Cunn. Herb.

N. S. ^Vales. Blue Mountains, Caleij, Sieber, n. 26, A. Cunningham, Fraser,
^Voolls. In habit and foliage this species resembles G. Goodli, but the flowers are very
difierent.

25. G. Barklyana, F. Mnell. (ined. ?). A shrub, probably tall, the
young- branches lioary-tomentose or ferrug'inous-silky. Leaves either
()blong'-lanceolate entire and 4 to 8 in. long', or pinnatifid with 3 to 7
triang-ular or broadly lanceolate lobes often above 1 in. long* and the
whole leaf G to 10 in. long-, penniveined, g-labrous above, ferrug-inous
or hoary-tomentose underneath. Racemes nearly sessile, dense, secund,
2 to 3 in. long-, terminal or at length lateral. Pedicels exceedingly short,
tomentose as well as the rhachis. Perianth pubescent outside, glabrous
inside, the tubo scarcely dilated at the base, about 3 lines long-, revolute
under the giobular limb. Torus straigiit. Gland semiannular^ scarcely

Grevlllra.^ riv. photeace.t;. 4.'}*

prominent. Ovary very sliortly stipitate, villous; style long-, glabrous, the
stig-matic disk slig-litly oblique, convex. Fruit acuminate, not | in. long.

Victoria. Ranges on the uppftr Tarwan and Biinyip rivers, F. Mueller. I have
been unable to discover where F. Mueller has piiblished this species.

2G. G. repens, F. Mudl. in Linnfea, xxvi. 355. A prostrate sbriib,
spreadiug- to a g-reat extent, the young- branches slig-htly pubescent.
Leaves g-labrous or s})rinkled underneath Avith appressed hairs, very
shortly petiolate, from broadly ovate to oval-oblong-, cordate truncate
or cuneate at the base, bordered by short prickly teeth, the margins
often undulate but not recurved, penniveined with the primary veins
prominent underneath, | to 1|^ in. long- when broad or twice as long'
when narrow. Racemes terminal or on short axillary branches, shortly
peduncukite, secund, 1 to 2 in. long". Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long.
Perianth silky-pubescent outside, g-labrous inside, the tube 3 to 3^
lines long-, somewhat dihited below the middle, revolute under the
g'lobuhir limb. Torus slig-htly oblique. Gland semicircular, thick and
rather broad. Ovary villous, on a stipes as long- as itself ; style long-,
glabrous, the stig'matic disk very oblique, with a central umbo or small
cone. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 377.

Victoria. Goulburn ranges, Watts and Loddon rivers, F. Mueller.

27. G. aquifolium, Lindl. in Mitch. Thrce Expcd. ii. 178. A shrub
of several ft., the branches more or less tomentose or villous. Leaves
petiolate, ovate ovate-lanceolate or oblong-, undalate and prickly-toothed
or pinnatifid with short pungent-pointed lobes, cuneate or truncate at
the base, 1 to 3 in. long-, rigid and veined, sometimes nearly g-labrous
but more frequently pubescent above and silky or softly villous under-
neath, and often ferruginous. Racemes terminal or on short axillary
branches, nearly sessile, dense, secund, 1 to 2 in. long'. Pedicels very
short, villous as well as the rhachis. Perianth villous outside, g-labrous
inside, the tube about 4 lines long-, dilated below the middle, attenuate
and revolute under the g-lobular limb. Torus nearly straig-ht ; giand
semiannular. Ovary densely villous on a very short stipes ; style long-,
g-labrous ; stig-matic disk sligiitly oblique with a central Tuubo. — Meissn.
in DC. Prod. xiv. 378 ; G. variahUis Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii.
179; Meissn. l.c. ; G. induta, F. Muell. First Gen. Rep. 17.

Victoria. Grarapians, Mitchell, F. Mueller ; Wimmera, Dallachy ; near Bridge-
water Baj, Rohertson ; Portland, Allitt.

28. G. ilicifolia, i?. Br. Prot. Nov. 21. A large spreading- shrub
attaining- 6 ft. or more thoug-h often much smaller, the branches more
or less silky or hoary-pubescent. Leaves in the typical form cuneate,
undulate prickly-toothed and lobed at the end, with a long- tapering
base, the whole leaf 1 to 2 in. long-, but sometimes long-er and deeply
pinnatifid with narrow lobes, more rarely pinnatifid with short lobes
from near the base almost as in G. aquifolium, or as broad as long and
once or twice 3-lobed, the lobes or teeth always rigid and pung-ent-
pointed, giabrous and veined above, more or less silky underneath. Ka-

438 <"iv. pnoTEACE.T:. [CirviUfu.

cemes terminal, secund, 1 to 0 in. long-, the rhacliis and pedicels silk}'-
pubescent or villous. Pedicels about 1 line long-. Bracts sometimes
persistent. Perianth villous outside, g-labrous inside, the tube about 4
lines long-, revolute under the limb. Torus nearly strai^-ht. Ovarv
stipitate, villous ; style long-, glabrous ; stig-matic disk oblique. Fruit
oblique, acimiinate, about h in. long. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 377 ;
Anadenia ilicifoUa, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x, 167, Prod. 375 ; G.
Behrii, Schlecht. in Linnaea, xx. 585.

Victoria, Uarvey ; Forest Creek, Mount Corong, Station Peak, F. Miieller.

S. Australia. Port Liiicoln, JR. Brown ; Kangaroo Island, Btixter, Waterhouse ;
Spencer's Gulf, F. Mueller.

Var. lohata. Leaves with lanceolate or rarely linear lobes, and often again lobed. —
O. lobata, F. Mueli. in Trans. Pliil. Soc. Vict. i. 22, and in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 207 ;
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 379. G. dumetorum, Meissn. l.c. 378. — N. W. Victoria,
L. Morton, Dallachi/, and otbers ; Grampians, Jlitchell; Murray Desert, F. Mueller ;
Tattiara country, Woods.

29. G. Gaudichaudii, B. Br. in Gaudich. Freye. Voy. Bot. 443. t.
46 ; Prot. Noi\ '2'J. An erect shrub Avith the habit inflorescence and
flowers of G. acunthifoUa, of which it may be a variety with less divided
and less prickly leaves. Branches slightly silky-pubescent when young-,
but soon becoming- g'labrous. Leaves deeply pinnatifid, the lobes ob-
long- or ovate, all entire and pung-ent-pointed, orthe terminal one or
sometimes the lateral ones also cuneate with 2 or 3 pungent-pointed teeth
or short secundary lobes, the whole leaf 2 to 4 in. long- and the lower
lobes sometimes above 1 in., ghibrous above, more or less distinctly
penniveined, with the primary veins confluent in an intra-marginal nerve,
paler underneath and often sprinkled with appressed hairs. Racemes
terminal, secund, silk^^-villous, entirely as in G. acanthifoUa, with the
same perianth, nearly sessile densely villous ovary, long- g-labrous style
and oblique stig-matic disk. — Meissn, in DC. Prod, xiv. 377.

N. S. VCTales. Blue Mountains, Gaudlchaud, A. Cunningham, Fraser,

30. G. acanthifolia, .4. Cunn.in Fichl. N. S. Walcs, 328 tvifh a phitc.
An erect or strag-g-ling- shrub of several ft., g"labrous except the infl.(>-
rescence, Leaves deeply pinnatifid; lobes or seg-ments usually 9 to 15
but sometimes more or fewer, either cuneate and 3- to 5-lobed or tlie
upper ones lanceolate and entire, all rig'id, pung-ent-pointed, ^reen on
both sides, the whole leaf Ih to 3 in, long", the lobes or seg'ments in some
specimens all under ^ in., in others | to | in. long-. Racemes terminal
or in the upper axils, sessile or shortly pedunculate, dense, secund, 2 to
4 in. long. Pedicels exceedingly short, densely villous as well as the
rhachis. Bracts broad, villous, membranous, imbricate on the young-
spike and sometimes persisting- till the flowers expand, Perianth pink,
silky-villous outside, glabrous inside, the tube 4 to 5 in, long-, slightly
dilated below the middle, contracted and revolute under the globular
limb. Torus nearly straig-ht. Glandsemi-annular, notverj^prominent,
Ovary nearly sessile, densely villous with long- silky hairs ; style long-,
g-Iabrous ; stig-matic disk oblique, convex,— R, Br. Prot. P(ov. 22 ;

GreviUeu.] civ. proteace^. 439

Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 3?7 ; Bot. Ma2-. t. 2807 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab.
t. 1153; Lindl. and Paxt. Fl. Gard. iii. i03, f. 281.

N. S. ^ITales. Blue Mountains, A. Cunningham, Fraser, Steher, n. 32, and
otbers.

Var. stenomera, F. Muell. Prostrate ; leaf-lobes linear-lanceolate. — Head of Mac-
leay river, C. Moore.

31. G. bipinnatifida, B. Br. Prot. Kov. 23. A diffuse or prostrate
shnib of 3 or 4 ft., the branches tomentose-pubescent with appressed
hairs. Leaves broad, deeplj piunatifid or piunate ; lobes or seg-ments
9 to 21, either oblong- or cuueate or ag-ain pinnatiiid with triang-ular or
lanceolate pung-ent-pointed lobes, the whole leaf usually 3 to 4 in. long
and 2 to 3 in. broad, rather rig-id, the upper surface g-la"brous and reticu-
late, the lower sprinkled with a few hairs or g-hibrous, the primary
veins alone prominent. Racemes loose, secund, usually 2 to 4 in. long,
solitary or several in a terminal panicle, the rhachis ferruginous-tomen-
tose. Pedicels 3 to 5 lines long-. Perianth red, silky-pubescent outside,
g-labrous inside, the tube 7 to 8 lines long-, dilated and somewhat g-ib-
bous below the middle, attenuate and revolute under the g-lobular limb.
Torus straig'ht. Gland obovate or orbicular, convex, horizontally spread-
ing-. Ovary sessile or nearly so, shortly villous ; style very long-, gla-
broiis, slig-htly clavate under the broad oblique stig-matic disk. — Meissn.
in Pl. Preiss. i. 541, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 376.

W. Australia. Swan river, Franer, Drummond, Ist coll. n. 632, Preiss, n. 707,
708 ; Harvey and Blackwood rivers, Oldjield. — In some specimens tlie raceme is much
elongated and very loose, but not constituting a distinct variety.

32. G. armigera, 3Ieissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 373. A stout shrub
the branches softly tomentose, the foliag-e scabrous-punctate. Leaves
once twice or three times divided into narrow-Hnear rig-id divaricate
pung"ent-pointed seg-ments, doubly g-rooved underneath, rather thicker
and broader than in O. asparafjoides, the whole leaf 1 to 2 in. diameter.
Racemes terminal, sessile, dense, secund, about 2 in. long-, the rhachis
tomentose. Pedicels exceeding-ly short or scarcely any. Perianth silky-
villous outside, g"labrous inside, the tube about 3 lines long-, much di-
lated and almost g-ibbous below the middle, attenuate and revolute
under the g-lobular limb. Torus straight. Gland broadly ovate, spread-
ing'. Ovary nearly sessile, densely villous ; style long', g-labrous, slig'htly
thickened under the oblique stig'matic disk. Young- fruit globular.

y^. Australia, Driunmond (2nd coll.?),n. 164, Ath coll. n. 234; Plantagenet and
Stirliug Ranges, JJaxwell.

33. G. asparagoides, 3Ieis.m. in DC. Prod. xiv. 373. A divaricately
branched or prostrate intricate shrub of several ft., the branches tomen-
tose, the foliag'e minutely pubescent or g'labrous. Leaves once twice
or three tiraes ternately divided into rig-id divaricate pungent-pointed
seg"ments, very narrow linear and doubly g-rooved underneath, the whole
leaf 1 to 2 in. diameter. Racemes terminal, loose, secund, rarely above
1 in. long', the rhachis and pedicels shortly hirsute and g-landular-viscid.

440 civ. PROTEACE-E. [GrevUlca.

Pedicels abouL 2 lines long-. Periantli pubescent or hirsute outside,
glabrous or nearly so inside, the tube 4 to 5 lines long", dilated or some-
vhat g-ibbous at the base, attenuate and revolute under the globular
limb. Torus straiglit. Ghtnd horizontal, convex, semi-annuhir, not
broad, sometimes 3-crenate. Ovary sessile or nearly so, villous ; style
long-, g-labrous, slig-htly clavate under the oblique stig-matic disk. Fruit
ovoid, acuminate, 7 to 8 lines long'.

V^. Australia, Drummond, {2nd coU. ?) 7i. 165, 4th coll. n. 283 ; Salt river and
Pliillips Eaiige, Maxwell.

Sect. 2. Ptychocarpa. — Racemes short, often umbel-Hke and not
at all or scarcely secund. Perianth-tube dihited below the middle und
usually opening' on the lower side, the seg"ments otherwise long--coher-
ing-, attenuate and revolute above the middle. Torus small, straig-ht or
nearl}' so. Style hirsute ciliate or tomentose. Ovary sessile or very
shortly stipitate, densely villous or rarely g"hibrous except a tuft of hairs
at the base on the upper side. Stigmatic disk laterah Leaves entire
with revolute marg-ins.

This secfion differs from the Hehegynce series of Eugrevillea chieflj' in the inflo-
rescence, in the perianth raore or less bearded or hirsute inside as weli as the st} le, and
in the leaves which appear never to break out into teeth or lobes as they do constantly
or occasionally in all the species of that series. The section is usually distinguished
by the ribbed Cruit, but the ribs are often very obscure, and quite disappear in several
species othervvise inseparable from tlie group.

34. G. floribunda, i?. Br. Prot. Nov. 19. An erect or spreading-
shrub " not exceeding- 5 ft." the branches ferruginous-tomentose.
Leaves nearly sessile, oval or oblong-, obtuse or with a small callous
point, the margins recurved or revolute, f to nearly 2 in. long-, villous
wlien young-, minutely scabrous above and silky-tomentose underneath
when ftill-g-rown, sometimes faintly penniveined. Racemes terminal,
sessile or shortly pedunculate and often 1 in. long-, the rhachis andflowers
very densely villous with ferruginous hairs. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long-.
Perianth bearded inside about the middle, the tube from about 3 lines to
above 4 lines long-, broad and gibbous at the base, attenuate and mucli
revolute above the middle, the limb g-lobuhir and obtuse. Torus nearly
straig-ht. Gland horizontal, broad, not very prominent. Ovary sessile,
densely villous ; style not very long-, villous, thick ; stig-matic "^disk la-
terah Fruit about ^ in. long-, slightly ribbed. — Meissn. in DC. Prod.
xiv. 361 ; G. sphucelata, A. Cunn. Herb. ; G. autnmnalis, Lhotzk. MSS.
(Meissner) ; G. chrysopka>a, F. Muell First Gen. Rep. 1? ; Meissn. in
Linna?a, xxvi. 3o?, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 361 ; G. ferruginea, Grah. in
Maund, Lotanist, t. 153, not of Sieber.

N. S. Wales. Goulburn and Hunter rivers, A. Cunningham, Fraser ; ravines
iiear Mount Owen aud Mount Ciift, MilcheU.

Victoria. Avon, Macalister aiid Latrobe rivers, Stieglltz ; Station Peak, F.
Mueller; Geelong, Dallachy.

35. G. cinerea, li. Br. in Trans. linn. Soc. x. 173, Prod. 378.
A tall shrub^ the branches tomentose-villous. Leaves obovate or

Grevilkn.] civ. piiotf.ack.t:. 441

broadly oblong- in die typicul fomi, mucronate-acute, tlie marg-ins
recurved, contracted into a very sbort petiole, | to above 1 in. long',
scabrous-punctate and more or lcss distinctly veined above, densely
silky-tomentose and boary or ferrug'inous underneatb. Racemes ter-
minating- sbort leafy brancbes, uml)el-like witb few ratber large
flowers. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long. Periantb densely villous outside,
tbe sborter seg-ments scantily bearded inside below tbe middle, tlie
tube nearly 6 lines long-, not very broad, contracted and revolute under
tbe oblique obtuse limb. Torus nearly straig"bt. Gland semi-annular.
Ovary sessile, villous ; style long-, more or less ciliate, cbannelled at
tbe base ; stig-matic disk lateral. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 858,
})artly.

N. S. ^Vales. Port Jackson, li. Brown ; on the road to Illawarra, ^l. Cunnintj-
liam ; Blue Mountaius, Fraser.

Var. aiigustifoUa. Leaves mostly narrow-oblong. — G. attenuata, A. Cunn. Herb.
— Towards Hunter's river, A. Cunningham.

As observed by Jleissner this specius is near to G. rmicromdota, but appears to nie
to be constanily distinct in the densely villous perianth. The speciraens tlierefore
specially described by Meissuer under the name of G. cinerea would belong to the
true G. mucronulata. Meissner was enabled to take only a very cursory glance over
E. Brown's own set o( Proteacece, and not suflicient to verify with precision any critical
species.

Lysanthe sfylosa, Knight, Prot. 117 {Grevillea stylosa, Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2), i.s
probably either this species or 0. monttna.

36. G. alpina, Zitidl. in Mitch. Three E.T])ed. ii. 179. A rnucb-
brancbed sbrub, erect spreading* or diffuse, densely tomentose or villous
witb spreading* bairs. Leaves ratber crowded, sessile or nearly so,
oval, obiong--lanceolate or almost linear, obtuse or witb a small point,
tbe marg-ins revolute, all under \ in. long" in some specimens, but
sometimes attaining- 1 in., birsute or rarely scabrous only above, silky-
villous underneatb. Racemes very sbort, terminal, sessile. Pedicels
2 to 4 lines long-, pubescent or villous as well as tbe rbacbis. Peri-
antb villous outside, bearded inside to below tbe middle, tbe tube from
under 4 lines to above 5 lines long-, broad and obliquely g-ibbous at tbe
base on tbe upper side, attenuate and mucb revolute above tbe middle,
tbe limb ovoid-g-lobular, obtuse or very sbortly acuminate. Torus
nearly straigbt. Gland very prominent projecting* almost borizontally
into tbe g-ibbosity of tbe periantb. Ovary sessile, densely villous ;
style densely villous ; stig-matic disk lateral, slig-btly umbonate. Fruit
about \ in. long-. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 300 ; G. oreophila and
G. Dallachiana, F. Muell. First Gen. Rep. 17; G. alpestris, Meissn. l.c.
361 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 5007.

Victoria. Mount William in the Grampians, Mitchell ; Mount Disappointment,
Buffalo raiiges, Upper Yarra and Ovens ranges, F. Mudler.

Tlie variations in the foliage and indumentum do nut sufficiently correspond with
those in the size of the perianth or in the obtuseness of its limb to admit of the esta-
blishing two distinct forms as proposed.

37. G. montana, li. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 172, Prod. 378. A
spreatUng sbrub, tlie brancbes densely tomentose or villous witb

442 civ. PROTEACE.E. [GrevUlea.

spreading- hairs. Leaves sliortly petiolate, oblong- or lanceolato, obtuse
with a small callous point, the maroins recurved, contracted at the
base, f to li- in. long", g-labrous scabrous or slightlv hairy above and
often veined, densely silky-tomentose and usually ferrug-inous under-
neath. liacemes terminal, sessile, short and umbel-like, few-llowered.
Perianth as larg-e as in G. cincrea but nearly g-hibrous outside, the tube
not very broad, fully | in. long-, revolute and attenuate under the ovoid
acuminate limb. Torus nearly straight. Gland semi-annular, slightly
prominent. Ovary sessile, densely villous ; style long-, more or less
tomentose and hirsute with short hairs. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv.
358 ; G.fcrntginea, Sieb. in Roem. and Schult. Syst. iii. Mant. 280; R.
Br. Prot. Nov. 19 ; Meissn. l.c. 359.

N. S. Wales. Bliie Mountains, R. Broion, Sieher, n. 27 ; on the Bulga road, A.
Ciinniiighatn ; Bent's Basin, WooUs ; Harper's Hill, Hunter'8 river, Backhoiise {v^i^h.
shorter points to tbe periantli-lirab) ; IHawarra, Shepherd (no periantbs to tbe speci-
inens and tbe determination doubtful). Tbe degree of acnmination of tbe periantb-limb
is variable iu tbis as in G. arenaria, from wbicb tbis species difiers cbiefly iu tbe indu-
njcntum of its various parts and in its larger flowers.

38. G. obtusiflora, li. Br. Prot. Nov. 19. A spreading- shrub, the
branches tomentose. Leaves oblong* or lanceolate, obtuse or with a
small often recurved point, the margins revolute, contracted at the
base and sometimes shortly petiolate, i to 1 in. long', the upper surface
at first pubescent but becoming- g-labrous, the under side silky-
tomentose. Racemes terminal, short, sessile, the rhachis and pedicels
pubescent. Perianth sprinkled with appressed hairs, the tube not very
broad, much revolute above the middle, the limb very obliquely g-lobu-
lar, obtuse. Torus nearly straig'ht. Ghmd semi-annuhir, slig-htly promi-
nent. Ovary sessile, densely villous ; style hirsute, not very long*. —
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 369.

Queensland ? Wide Bay, Bidwill, but pnssibly some mistake in tbe station.

N. S. 'Wales. Brusby bills, North of Batburst, A. Cunningham. — Tbe sjiecies
appears to be very close to P. montana, but witb a very obtuse periantb limb. The
specimens seen are howevernot good.

39. G. arenaria, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 172, Prod. 378.
An erect slirub of about 6 ft., the branches densely tomentose.
Leaves shortly petiolate, obovate-oblong' to narrow oblong-, obtuse with
a very small point, the margins recurved, | to li in. long-, minutely
hoary-tomentose and scarcely veined on tlie upper side, densely tomen-
tose and often ferruginous underneath. Racemes terminal, short,
umbel-Hke and few-Howered, mostly reflexed. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines
long;, Perianth densely tomentose or pubescent outside in the typical
form, bearded inside to below the middle, the tube about 5 lines long-,
rather broad at the base, much revolute from the middle upwards, con-
tracted under the ovoid acuminate Umb. Torus nearly straig-ht.
Gland semi-annular, slightly prominent. Ovary sessile, villous ; style
long-, tomentose but not hirsute as in several of the allied species ;
stigmatic (Usk hateral. Fruit fully \ in. long-. — Meissn. in DC. Prod.
xiv. 358; Bot. Mag-. t. 3285 ; Lysanthe cana, Knight, Prot. 11?.

0/rril/ca.] civ. PHoTKAcr.^K. 448

N. S. 'Wales. Xipean liver, I?. Brown ; lu-ar CKUilliuni, Jhickltcvse ; Shnal-
haven guUies, C. Moore; Sidmouih Valley aml Laehlan river, Woolls.

Var. cancscens. Perianth more villous, tlie points to the laniinaa longer. — 0. cinerea,
A. Cnnn. in Field, N. S. Wales, 320, not ofR. Br, ; 0. canescens, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 18;
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 359; Bot. Mag. t. 3185.— North of Bathurst, A. Cunning-
ham, Fraser ; Macquarrie river, Bowman.

The species differs from G. monlana ehiefly in habit and indumentum.

40. G. mucronulata, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 173, Prod.
378. A l;irg-e slinil) with rather slender hirsute hranches. Leaves
shortly petiolate, ovate in the typical form and either rounded at the
end with a fine point in the centre, or tapering- into a fine point, flat
or with recurved marg-ins, mostly about ^ in. long-, scahrous and
ohscurely or distinctly veined ahove, silky-tomentose and sometimes
ferruginous underneath, with tlie midrib alone prominent. Racemes
short, loose, few-flowered, on slender terminal or axillary peduncles
often long-er than the leaves. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long', silky-
puhescent or hirsute as well as the rhachis. Perianth sprinkled with
appressed hairs outside, the shorter seg-ments shghtly hearded inside
below the middle, the tube about 5 lines long", rather broad, gibbous
at the base, revolute above the middle and attenuate under the very
oblique obtuse Hmb. Torus nearly straig'ht. (iland semi-annular.
Ovary sessile, villous ; style long-, more or less ciliate ; stig-matic disk
lateral, larg-e. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 357 ; Sweet Fl. Austrah t.
38; Lysantlie podalijriafolia, Knight, Prot. 117; G. podalijrifefoHa, Sw.
in Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2; G. cinerea, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 857;
Meissn. l.c. partly not of R. Br. ; G. myrtacea, Sieb. in Roem. and
Schult. Syst. iii. Mant. 280, and in Spreng-. Syst. Cur. Post. 46 ; G.
acuniinata, Sw. Fl. Austral. t. 55.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, B. Brown, Sieher, n. 39,
and others. The typical form in Brown's herbarium and from Hunter's river, A. Cun-
ningliam, and represented in Sweet's plate, n. 38, has most of the leaves rounded at the
ends and shortlj mucronate, with only a few of the leaves acuminate and tapering in a
fine point : in Sieber's and other specimens, including those represented in Svveet's
plate 55, the majority are thus acuminate, but not so narrow as in Brown's typical
G. acuminata.

Var. angustifoJia. Leaves mostly lanceolate-acuminate with a fine point, — G. acuini-
nata, R. Br. iii Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 173, Prod. 378; Meissn. in DC. Prod xiv. 358,
as to R. Brown's plant, but not as to A. Cunningham's, which is a var. of G. cinerea. —
Hunter's river, B. Brown.

The six preceding species appear very much to run into each other.

41. G. Baueri, 7?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 173, Prod. 378, Prot.
Nov. 19. A bushy shrub attaining- several ft. the branches more or less
pubescent. Leaves rather crowded, sessile, oblong-, narrow or broad,
obtuse, scarcely contracted at the base, the margins recurved, J to 1
in. long', g-labrous and 1-nerved on both sides or rarely sprinkled with
a few short hairs, obscurely reticuLite above, paler and sometimes
penniveined underneath. Racemes very short and umbel-Hke, sessile
on short leafy branches. Pedicels slender, g-hibrous, about 3 Hnes
long-. Perianth g-reenish yellow^ or ting-ed with red, glabrous outside,

444 fiv. PROTr.ACE^. \6'/rvi!lra.

botirded inside at or below tlie middle witli reflexed liairs, the tube
about 4 lines long:, broad in the lower part, much revolute and
attenuate under the very oblique limb. Torus slig-htly oblique.
Ghmd broad, thick, semicircular. Ovary sessile ; densely hirsute ;
stvle long', ciliate, rather thick, channelled on the upper side ; stig--
matic disk lateral. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 357 ; G. pubc.tcens,
Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 216 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1229 ; G. daphnoides, Sieb.
in Roem. and Schult. Svst. iii. Mant. 281 ; G. myrtillifolia, A. Cunn.
Herb.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to tlie Blue Mountains. R. Brown, Sirber, n. 25,
and Fl. Mixt. n. 478; iiear Batluust, j^Vaser; Camden and Arj,'yle Counties, A. Cun-
iiingham.

Yar. puhescem. Leaver usually narrow, pubescent above, silky underneath. —
Slioalhaven, Woolh. These specimens are niuch more densely pubescent than the
garden oncs on whicli G. ptilescens was founded, which are sprinkled ouly with a few
iiairs.

42. G. lanigera, A. Cunn. in R. Br. Prot. Nov. 20. Branches
densely tomentose or villous. Leaves crowded, sessile or nearly so,
linear, obtuse, with revolute margins, mostly about \ in. long-, rather
thick, pubescent above, silky-tomentose underneath. Racemes ter-
minal, short but rather loose, sessile or shortly pedunculate, quite
glabrous. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long-. Perianth ghibrous outside, the
shorter segments bearded inside about the middle, the tube about 4
lines long-, broad and somewhat g-ibbous at the base, much revolute
and attenuate under the very oblique limb. Torus straig-ht. Ovary
almost sessile, densely villous ; style long-, ciliate ; stig-matic disk
lateral. Fruit 5 or 6 lines long*. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 363.

N. S. '^Vales. Camden and Argyle Counties, Lachlan and Murrumbidgee rivers,
A. CunningJtam ; Nangas, M^ArtTiur ; Gabo Lsland, Majjlestone.

Victoria. Mitta-Mitta and Wilson's Promontory, F. Mueller ; near Albury,
Beattie.

43. G. ericifolia, li. Br. Prot. Nov. 20. A low shrub, spreading
or diflPuse (or sometimcs erect and taller ?), the branches pubescent or
tomentose-villous. Leaves sessile, Hnear or lanceolate, mucronate-
acute, with revolute marg-ins, i to 1 in. long-, silky-pubescent or villous
Avhen young-, becoming- g-labrous above when iull-gTOwn. Racemes
terminal, short but rather loose and often shortly peduncuhite, Cjuite
glabrous. Pedicels slender, 2 or 3 lines long-. Perianth g-labrous out-
side, densely bearded inside below the middle, the tube 3 to 3J lines
long-, broad and gibbous at the base, much revolute and attenuate
under the very oblicpie limb. Torus nearly straig-ht. Gland broad,
thick, semicircular. Ovar}^ sessile, densely villous especially on the
npper side ; style long-, thick, more or less ciliate ; stigmatic disk
hvteral. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 365 ; G. Lutrohci, Meissn. in. Pl.
Preiss. i. 539 and in DC. Prod. xiv. 364.

N. S. ^Vales. Laclilan rwcr, A. Cunnlvgham, illtchdl ; Liniestone Creek west
fri m Bathurst, A. Cunningham.

Grevillea.] civ. PRoxEACEiE. 445

Victoria. Xear Melbourno, Adamson, F. Maeller ; Plenty Creek, Gcnoa river,

F. JJueUer. > J ,

Var. scahrella. Leaves more scabrons. Perianth rather larger. — G. scahrella,
Meissn. in DC. Proil. xiv. 365. — Near Nangas, M'Arthur.

44. G. divaricata, B. Br. Prot. Nov. 20. A bushy slirub more
slender anil spreading- than G. rosmnrlnifoUa and sometimes low and
ditFuse, the branches more or less pubescent or hirsute. Leaves linear-
subulate, from under i in. to above f in. lony-, g-labrous and smooth or
more or less hirsute or scabrous. Racemes short sessile and g-kxbrous,
and perianth entirely as in G. ro.wiarinifolia, and the ovary as in that
species sessile and g-kibrous as well as tlie style except a small tuft of
hairs at the base on the upper side. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 364 ;

G. nutans, Meissn. l.c. (with rather long-er leaves).

N. S. 'Wales. Lachlan and Cujeegong rivers, and Euryalean scrub and forest
land north of B;ithurst, A. Curmingham, Mitchell.

Victoria. Forest and Darebin Creeks, F. Mueller ; Skipton, Whan; Wimmera,
Dallacliy.

G. glahella, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 20 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 364, is a slight variety
with iiner, more crowded and more erect leaves, but several specimeus are intermediate.
The species is very near both to G. ericifolia and G. rosmarinifoUa. The three might
indeed be regarded as varieties of a single one. G. lavanihdacea sometimes approaches
them in habit, but has a dififerentlj shaped perianth and the torus always obliqiie,

45. G. rosmarinifolia, ^l. Cunn. in Field, N. S. Wales, 328. An
erect shrub of 5 or 0 ft., the branches virg-ate, closely tomentose.
Leaves mostly erect, rather crowded, sessile, linear-subuhite or the
larg"er ones linear-lanceolate, mucronate-acute, the marg-ins much
revolute, | to 1| in. long-, scabrous-pubescent or giabrous above, the
under surface, when exposed, silky-pubescent. Racemes short, dense,
sessile, terminal but often appearing- lateral from the shortness of the
llowering- branches, the rhachis fpiite g-labrous. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines
long-. Perianth g-labrous outside, densely bearded inside below the
middle, the tube about 3| lines long-, broad and g-ibbous at the base,
much revolute and attenuate under the very oblique hmb. Torus
nearh' straig-ht. Gland broad, thick, semicircular. Ovary sessile, g-ki-
brous as well as tke style except a tuft of hairs at the base on the upper
side ; stig-matic disk laterak Fruit rather narrow, incurved, 6 or 7
lines long-, not distinctlv ribbed. — R. Br. Prot. Nov. 20 ; Meissn. in
DC. Prod. xiv. 363 ; Sweet, Fk Austrak t. 30 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. 1. 1479 ;
G. riparia, Sieb. in Roem. and Schult. Syst. iii. Mant. 278.

N. S. 'Wales, Sieber, n. 33 ; Cox'8 river, A. Cunningham, Fraser ; Sidraouth
valiey, Woolls.

The dilatation of the torus or snmmit of the pedicel in a ring outside the perianth,
supposed to be characteristic of tliis species, is variable in degree both in G. rosmarini-
folia and iu G. divaricata, and is not always absolutely wanting in G. ericifolia.

Sect. 3. Plagiopoda. — Racemes various, erect and secund in the
first few species, short and few-tlowered in the others. Perianth-tube
dilated below the middle and usually opening- on the lower side, revo-

446 Civ. PROTEACE^. [Oirrillea.

lute under tlie limb. Torus very oblique, the g-land side the shortest.
Ovary villous except in a few of the axillarj-flowered species. Stig-
matic disk very oblique or lateral.

The oblique torus, wliicli is the chief chavacter of this arul the following section, is
pcrhaps a somewhat artificial oue, but is usually well niarked. The first five of the
following species differ from the hebegynous Evgrevillece chiefly in the torus, the re-
mainder of the present section correspond rather with Ftycliocarpa.

46. G. Goodii, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 174, Prod. 379. Stems
prostrate, dilfuse (or sometimes erect ?), the younp" branches minutely
tomentose. Leaves potiolate, oval-elHptical to oblong--lanceolate, ob-
tuse, rounded or cuneate at the base, 3 to 8 in. long-, g-labrous or the
under surface minutely silky, of a pale colour, penniveined with nu-
merous primary veins uniting' in an intramarginal nerve and minor
reticulations conspicuous on both sides. Racemes terminal, solitary or
2 or 3 together, pedunculate, secund, the rhachis 1| to 2 in. long-.
Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long-, minutely tomentose as well as the rhachis.
Perianth 6 to 8 lines long-, nearly g-labrous outside, bearded inside with
reflexed hairs, the tube obliquely dilated at the base, attenuate above
the middle and revolute under the obliquely g'lobular depressed limb.
Torus very oblique, linear, about 3 lines long-. Gland horseshoe-
shaped, slightly prominent. Ovary villous with long- hairs, stipitate on
the upper margin of the torus ; style very long-, more or less ciliate ;
stig-matic disk broad, lateral. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 351 ; Guillem.
Ic. Pl. Austral. t. 16.

N. Australia. North Coast, R. Brown ; Port Essington, Armstrong ; Point
Pearce and Newcastle Range, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Sandstone country, head of Cape and Flinders rivers, Bowman.

The foliage bears some resemblance to that of G. laurifolia, but theflowers are totally
difierent.

47. G. venusta, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 175, Prod. 379. A
tall shrub or small tree, the young- branches and inflorescence ferru-
ginous-tomentose. Leaves simple or deeply pinnatifld, with 3 to 7 long-
narrow-lanceolate lobes, the whole leaf 4 to 8 in. long-, glabrous and
penniveined witli numerous oblique parallel veins as in G. rcfracta.^ but
not so close and often confluent in an intramarg-inal nerve, minutely
silky-tomentose underneath with ferruginous veins. Racemes terminal,
ratlier loose but short like those of G. Wilsoni. Perianth sprinkled
with appressed hairs, the tube about 5 lines long-, very obliquely dilated
at the base, attenuate and revolute above the middle. Torus very
oblique, narrow, 2 lines long-. Gland horseshoe-shaped. Ovary densely
villors, stipitate on the upper margin of the torus ; style long-, nearly
glabrous ; stigmatic disk lateral. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 351 ;
Guillem. Ic. Pl. Austral. t. 11.

Queensland. Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown. I have not seen this species anywhere
except in It. I>rown's Ilerbarium.

48. G. longistyla, Hoolt. in. Mitch. Trop. Anstr. 343. An erect
shrub of 7 or 8 ft., the young- branches minutely tomentose. Leaves

Grevillea.] civ. PRoxEACEiE. 447

linear, G to 10 in. long-, froni very narrow to above 2 lines broad, entire
or deejily divided into 3 to 6 seg-ments, g-labrous above, the marg-ins
recurved, silky-pubescent and silvery or fulvous underneath, with a
prominent midrib. Racemcs erect, shortly peduncuhxte, terminal or
in the upper axils, rather loose, secund, 1 to 2 in. long-. Pedicels 2 to
4 in. loug-, tomentose-pubescent and apparently viscid as well as the
rhachis. Torus very obUrpie. Ghmd larg-e, disk-sliaped or almost
horseshoe-shaped. Ovary densely but shortly villous, on a short
stipes at the upper end of tlie torus ; style very long-, g-hd)rous,
thickened under the broad lateral stig-matic disk. Fruit hard, semi-
g'lobuhir, about | in. long-. Seed scarcely wing-ed. — Meissn. in DC.
Prod. xiv. 351 ; G. ncfjlecta, R. Br. App. Sturt Exped. 24 ; Meissn. Lc.

Queensland. Sandstone ranges near Moiint Phito and the Pyramiils, Mitchdl ;
Buniett ranges, F. Mudler ; Boyd's river, Leichhardt ; FHndors river, Sutherland.

The pinnate-leaved specimens on which G. negleda was founded, cannot be distin-
guished as a variety from the simple-leaved ones, as both forms occur frequently on the
same branch.

49. G. juncifolia, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 341. A tall erect
shrub, the branches softly tomentose. Leaves very narrow-Hnear, 6 to
10 in. long-, entire or here and there divided into two or three similar
segments, rig-id and rather thick, doubly g-rooved underneath and some-
tinies obscurely so above, g-hibrous or minutely pubescent. Racemes
rather loose, secimd, 3 to 0 in. long-, usually several tog-ether in a ter-
minal leafy panicle. Pedicels about ^ in. long', viscid-pidjescent as
■well as the rhachis. Perianth yellow, slig-htly pubescent and appa-
rently viscid outside, g-labrous inside, the tube broad at the base, 4 or 5
lines long', much attenuate and revolute under the obliquely g-lobular
limb, the lobes with a horn-like dorsal appendag-e. Torus oblique.
Gland broad, semicircular. Ovary villous, almost sessile on the upper
margin of the torus ; style very long-, slig-htl}' thickened upwards ;
stigmatic disk lateral, convex or umbonate. Fruit very oblique, almost
transverse, nearly 1 in. long-. Seed broadly wing-ed all round. — Meissn.
in DC. Prod. xiv. 351 ; G. Sturtii, R. Br. App. Sturt Exped. 23 ;
Meissn. 1. c. 383, from the character g-iven.

Queensland. Near Mount Pluto, Mifchell.

S. Australia. Near Central Mount Stuart, 3I'Douall Stiiart ; scrub near Forster^s
range, Herb. F. Mueller (collector not named).

This and the preceding species approach in habit G. chrysodendron and G. Banlisii,
but are at once distinguished bj the oblique torus.

50. G. Wilsoni, A. Cunn. in Wils. Voy. 273. An erect slirub of 3
to 5 ft., g-labrous and somewhat g-Iaucous. Leaves twice or three times
or rarely only once ternately divided into narrow-linear or subulate
rigid divaricate pung-ent-pointed segments |^ to 1 in. long-, doubly
grooved underneath, the common petiole usually very short. Racemes
loose, erect, often Ijranched, the rhachis | to 1 in., the pedicels about
I in. long', all g-Iabrous. Perianth g-Iabrous outside, very shortly
bearded inside below the middle, the tid>e about 6 or 7 lines long-,

44:8 civ. piioTEACE.E. [GrevUlea.

sli"htly diluted and «^ibbous at the base, attenuate and revolute under
the oblique depressed-globular limb. Torus very oblique. Gland
large and horseshoe-shaped but scarcely prominent. Ovary very
villous, on a short stipes at the upper end of the torus ; style very
long-, glabrous or villous in the lower portion, scarcely thickened under
the lateral stigmatic disk. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 373 ; G. Lindley-
ana, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 542.

\ir. Australia. Swan river, Wilson, Drummond, Ist coll. n. 631, Preiss, n. 692,
Harvty ; Canning river, Oldfield.

51. G. lavandulacea, Schlecht. Linnmt, xx. 586. A low shrub,
the branches more or less tomentose or silky-pubescent. Leaves
sessile, entire, oblong-linear or lanceolate, mucronate-acute, the mar-
g-ins recurved or closely revolute, pubescent or scabrous above, silk}'-
tomentose underneath with the midrib scarcely prominent, ^ to near
1 in. long". Eacemes terminal, sessile, very short and almost umbel-
like. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long-, tomentose as well as the rhachis.
Perianth red, more or less silky-pubescent outside, at least on the limb,
the shorter segments bearded inside about the middle witli reflexed
hairs, the tube fiilly 4 lines long-, rather broad, g-ibbous at the base,
revolute and attenuate under the very oblique limb. Torus very
oblique. Gland broad, thick, semicircular. Ovary villous-tomentose,
shortly stipitate on the upper marg-in of the torus ; style long-, giabrous
or hirsute in the lower portion, thickened under the very oblique stig'-
matic disk. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 302 ; Lem. Illustr. Hortic. t.
61 ; G. rosea, Lindl. in Paxt. Fl. Gard. ii. 91, t. 56 ; Meissn. l.c. ; G.
ranmlosa, F. Muell. ; Meissn. l.c. 362 (with very narrow leaves).

Victoria. N.W. distiicts of the Colony, F. 3Iueller, Dallachij ; Glenelg river,
Eohtrtson, F. 3Iuelkr.

S. Austr alia, i?eAr; St. YincenVs Gu\(, DlandowsH ; 'EnconnteT Ba,y,Whittaker;
Lofty ranges, Lake Torrens, F. Jlueller.

Var. sericea. Leaves very narrow, ciosely revolute, silky-hairy on both sides. —
Mount Barker, F. Mueller; Wimmera, Dallachy.

The species is sometimes confounded with G. ericifolia, from -which it may be at
once distinguished by the oblique torus and pubescent perianth. The honey exuded
from the hypogynous gland is in this species and a few others copiously secruted also
from a foveola at the base of the ovary.

52. G. insignis, Kipp. ; Mcis.vi. in DC. Prod. xiv. 3r9. A rig-id
shrub, giabrous and giaucous in all its parts excepr the ovary. Leaves
petiolate, broadly ovate, undulate sinuate and prickly-toothed, truncate
or scarcely cuneate at the base, \\ to 2| in. long-, rigidly coriaceous
and veined on both sides. Racemes short and loose, solitary in the
upper axils but often crowded into a short terminal panicle -with a few
small floral leaves, the rhachis of each raceme rarely above | in. long",
the pedicels 3 to 4 lines. Perianth giabrous outside, very shortly
bearded inside, the tube 4 or 5 lines long-, broad below the middle,
slightly contracted and revolute under the very oblique limb. Torus
oblique and concave lined by the scarcely prominent giand. Ovary
villous on a short stipes at the upper margin of the torus. Stvle not

Grevillea.] civ. proteace^. 449

very long-, slig-litly villoiis, clavnte at the end witli an obovate lateral
disk or scarcely proniineut llat or concave face, round tlie small lateral
stig"ma.

Vi^. Australia, Drummond, 5th coll. suppl. n. 12.

53. G. Brownii, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 537, and in BC. Prod. xiv.
370. A prostrate ditfuse or spreading- slirub of 2 or 3 ft., the brancbes
slig"htly pubescent. Leaves sessile, ovate or lanceolate, | to | in, long',
passing- into narrower leaves twice as long-, mostly with a small callous
point, the marg-ins recurved, g-labrous and smooth or scabrous-punctate
above, silky-tomentose or white underneatli. Racemes umbel-like,
few-liowered sessile and terminal. Perianth pidjescent outside, bearded
inside with a transverse line of rellexed hairs, the tube broad and
almost saccate at the base, about 3 lines long" below the curve, slig-htly
contracted and revolute under the limb. Torus very oblique. Gland
very prominent, almost liorizontal. Ovary sliortly stipitate on the
npper marg-in of the torus, densely villous ; style villous, not very
long-, with a thick oblicpie or lateral stigmatic disk. Fruit 5 or 6 lines
long-.

TV. Australia. King George's Sonnd or adjoiuing districts, Preiss, n. 719,
Drummon'1, n. 22 ; Kalgan river, Oldfield (witb narrow leaves) ; Moimt Barker,
Upper Hay river and Perongeriip, F. Jlueller ; Perungerup and Phillips ranges,
Maxwell.

G. dt-pauperata, 11. Br. Prot. Nov. 21 ; Meissn. iu DC. Prod. xiv. 370, from King
George's Sound, Baxter, appears to nie to be a variety or state of tbis species with the
raceraes reduced to 1 or 2 flowers, and G. Brownii itself (of which I bave not seen
Preiss's typical specimeu) may be a variety ouly of tbe common G.fasciculata.

54. G. fascicTilata, i?. Br. Prot. Nov. 20. A shrub, low and prostrate
in the typieal furm but sometimes erect bushy and attaining' 3 or 4 ffc.,
the young- slioots slig-htly pubescent with appressed liairs. Leaves
sessile or very shortly petiolate, linear-lanceolate or the lower ones
oblong--elliptical, obtuse or with a callous point, the margins revolute,
^ to 1 in. long- or rather more when narrow, scabrous-punctate above,
the under surface silky-tomentose but usually concealed. Racemes
umbel-like, few-ilowered, sessile, axillary or terminal. Pedicels 1 to 2
lines long-. Perianth red, clothed or sprinkled with appressed hairs
outside, bearded inside witli a transverse line of reflexed liairs, the tube
broad, 3 to 4 lines long-, saccate at the base, contracted and revolute
under the gdobular limb. Torus very oblique. Gland broad, truncate.
Ovary villous, shortly stipitate on the upper marg-in of the torus ; style
not very long*, villous with short appressed hairs ; stigmatic disk very
oblique or lateral, broad and thick, often concave. Fruit about 5 lines
long". — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 3G9 ; G. Meissneriana, F. Muell. in
Linna?a xxvi. 357, Meissn, l.c. 3G0; G. aspera vav. linearis, Meissn. in
Pl. Preiss. i. 537.

W. Australia. KingGeorge's Sonud and adjoiuingdistricts, ^aricr, 2)rM?7!mo«c^,
Preiss, n. 712 and 718, Harvcy, aiid others ; eastward to E. JMouut Barren, Maxwell.

Tbe species varies mucb in the size of the flowers, tbe breadth of the leaves and evcQ
VOL. V. G G

450 civ. PROTEACE^. [Grevillea.

in the degree of obliquity of the torus, hut I have heen unahle among the numerous
Bpccimens seen to mark out any distinct narrow-leaved small-flowcred varicty as repre-
sciited by Prciss's, n. 712 {G. Meissneriana).

55. G. aspera, i?. Br. iu Trans. Lxnn. Soc. x. 172. Prod. 377. A
slirub of 5 or 0 ft., " with penclulous Ijrnnclies," densely tomentose.
Leaves sessile or very sliortly petiolate, linear or lanceolate, obtuse or
acute but always miicronate, with revolute marg-ins, 1 to 2 in. long-,
scabrous-pubescent and very obliquely penniveined above, silky-
tomentose underneath with the midrib alone prominent. Racemes
h)ose but short, shortly pedunculate, solitary or 2 or 3 tog-ether at the
ends of the branches and usually rellexed. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long-,
tomentose-pubescent as well as the rhachis. Perinnth silky or villous
outside, bearded inside above the middle, the tube about 3 lines long-,
rather broad and very oblique at the base, sliortly contracted and in-
curved under the very oblique depressed-globuhir Hmb. Torus very
obHque. Gland horseshoe-shaped. Ovary g'hibrous, stipitate at the
upper marg'in of the torus ; style short, thick, dilated under the larg-e
concave lateral stig-matic disk. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 360.

S. Australia. Port Lincoln, B. Broion, Trevor ; Gawler Ranges, SiilUvan.

W. Australia ? Somc of J5axter's and othcr specimcns from thc coast to the East
of King Georgc's Sound, may belong to this spccies but are not in flowcr.

Notwithstanding the ghibrous ovary this species appears too nearly aliied to the two
preccding and to some of the following oncs to be removcd from the section,

56. G. brachystylis, Mcissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 538, ii. 252, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 350. A hjosely branched shrub of 1 or 2 ft., the young-
shoots silky or ferruginous with short hairs. Leaves linear or lanceo-
late, shortly contracted at the base, the margins recurved or revolute,
2 to 4 in, long-, g-labrous above with a prominent midrib, ferruginous-
tomentose or silky underneath. Racemes umbel-hke, few-llowered,
sessile, terminal or axillary. Pedicels 1 to 2 hnes long-. Perianth
ferrug-inous-villous outside, bearded inside with erect (not retlexed
hairs) the tube very obHque and adnate at the base, erect for about 2
lines then revolute, the limb of tlie lower (long-er) segments very
broad ahuost constricted into 2 concave lobes ihe inner one containing*
the anther, the outer larg-er one empty, the Hnib of tlie smaller upper
segments normal. Torus very obHque, Ghmd disk-Hke but snian,
Ovary densely villous, shortly stipitate on the upper margin of the
torus ; style rather short, viHous ; stig-matic disk broad, produced into
a broadly oblong" appendag-e pubescent on the back, the stigina in the
centre of the broader lower part, Fruit about -^- in. long*.

■W. Australia, Driimmond, 2nd coll. n. 322 ; Sussex distriet, Preiss, n. 717.

57. G. saccata, Bcnth. Apparently procumbent or very spreading;",
the branches and young- leaves softly viUous, ahnost wooHy, the okler
foHag'e rarely ghibrous. Leaves sessile, Hnear or lanceolate, with a
canous point, the margins revolute, | to 1| or sometimes 2 in. long-,
smooth or sparing-ly scabrous-punctate when the hairs wear otf.

ClirciUca.] CIV. PROTEACEiE, 451

Racemes umbel-like, few-flowered, terminal or in the upper axils.
Pedicels '2 or 3 lines long-. Periantli more or less pubescent outside,
tlie tube very oblique, nearly 4 lines long- and about as broad, the
upper side dihited saccate and separated from the remainder by two long-i-
tudinal densely hairy ribs inside, the whole tube contracted and revo-
hite at the top with a ring- of reflexed hairs inside, the lower larg-er
himinte of the Hmb dihited on the outer side but not constricted as in
G. hrachystijlis. Torus very obhque. Ghmd broad, disk-like but
scarcely prominent. Ovary villous, nearly sessile near the upper
marg-in of the torus ; style pubescent ; stig-matic disk lateraL

W. Australia, Drummond. The liabit is nearly that of G. Drummondii, but
the perianth is verj diflereiit.

68. G. Drummondii, Ifeissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 536, ii. 252, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 350. Stems apparently difliise or procumbent, the branches
tomentose and hirsute with long- fine spreading- hairs. Leaves sessile,
rather crowded, oblong- lanceolate or hnear, obtuse or mucronate, the
marg-ins recurved, | to 1 or rarely l^ in. long-, sprinkled and cihate
with long- fine hairs when young-, scabrous-punctate above when the
hairs wear ofi" or nearly smooth, pale and g-hdjrous or sometimes silky-
tomentose underneath. Racemes umbel-hke, sessile, terminal or on very
short axillary tufts, the flowers smaller than in the alHed species.
Pedicels rarely above 1 Hne long-. Perianth g-labrous or hirsute with
fine hairs, bearded inside near the top with retiexed hairs, the tube
rather above 2 Hnes long-, not saccate, contracted and recurved under
the obHque Hmb. Torus obHque. Ovary viHous, on a rather long- stipes
on the upper marg-in of the torus ; style short, with a larg-e lateral
stigmatic disk.

TV. Australia, Drummond, 3rd coll. n. 327, Ath coll. n. 335 ; near Mandurah,
ClarJce.

59. G. disjuncta, F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 206. An erect shrub of
about 2 ft. the young- branches hoary or siHvy with appressed hairs, the
foHage glabrous. Leaves rather crowded, erect, Hnear-terete, scarcely
mucronate, with several prominent iongitudinal ribs or ang-les and
singly gTooved, J to f in. long'. Pedicels axiUary, soHtary or in pairs,
nearly g-labrous, 2 to 3 Hnes long-. Perianth pubescent outside witli ap-
pressed hairs, densely bearded inside witli retiexed hairs, the tube 3 to
4 Hnes long-, broad and sHghtly gibbous on the upper side at the base,
the gibbosity glabrous inside, contracted and revoHite under the obHquely
globular Hmb. Torus obHque. Gland broad, semiannular, scarcely pro-
minent. Ovary densely viHous, nearly sessile on tlie upper marg-in of
the torus. Style very long-, nearly giabrous ; stig-matic disk lateraL

W. Australia. Salt river and rocky ranges east of Stirling river, 3IaxweU. An
imperfect specimen from Drmnmond in Herb. F. Mueller may also belong to this
species.

60. G. haplantha, F. Mnell. Herh. Branches tomentose, the foh-
age minutely pubescent or at length giabrous. Leaves sessile, narrow-

gg2

452 civ. PROTEACE^. [Crrevillca.

linear, tliick and rig-id, mucronate, f to l^- in. long-, smootli and nerve-
less on tlie convex \ipper side, broadl}' channelled underneatli. Pedicels
axillary or lateral, in small sessile clusters sometimes reduced to a
single one, 1 to 3 lines long-, woolly-pubescent. Perianth pubescent
outside, bearded inside to below tlie middle with reiiexed hairs, the
tube about 4 lines long-, rather broad and slig-htly g-ibbous at the base,
attenuate and revohite under the g-lobular hmb. Torus very o])hque.
Gland broad, semiannular or ahnost disk-shaped, shg-htly prominent.
Ovary densely villous, nearly sessile on the upper margin of the torus ;
style long-, pubescent or villous ; stig-matic disk orbicular, lateraL

W. Australia, Drumrnond (a single specimen in Herb. F. Mueller) ; East Mouut
Earren, Hlaxicell.

61. G. pinifolia, Meissn. in DC. Procl. xiv. 350. Erect and shruljby,
the young- shoots silky-tomentose. Leaves Hnear-terete, g-rooved under-
neath, slender but rigid, erect and rather crowded, minutely pointed,
g-labrous and smooth when full-gTOwn, 1 to nearly 2 in. long-. Racemes
umbel-hke, few-Howered. axillary and sessile. Pedicels scarcely 1 line
long-. Perianth ferruginous-villous outside, very sparingdy hairy inside,
the tube rather broad, scarcely 2 Hnes long-, contracted and recurved at
the top only. Torus obhque. Ghmd truncate or emarginate. Ovary
densely villous, ver}' shortly stipitate at the upper margin of the torus ;
style short, nearly giabrous ; stig-matic disk lateral, broad and thick.
Fruit sman.

W. Australia, Dmmmond (2nd coll.?) n. 161, 4th coll. n. 281.

62. G. acuaria, F. MurU. Jlerb. Branches divaricate, sparingiy
pubescent as well as the foHag'e with minute appressed hairs or nearly
giabrous. Leaves divaricate, Hnear-terete, slender but rigid, pung-ent-
pointed, sHghtly gTooved, ^ to nearly 1 in. long\ Pedicels soHtary or
clustered few tog-ether, axiUary or terminal, 2 to 3 Hnes long-. Perianth
g"labrous outside, bearded inside to below the middle, with short re-
flexed hairs, the tube nearly 4 lines long', rather narrow but open on
the lower side only, attenuate and recurved under the giobular limb.
Torus very oblique. Gland broad and dat, sligiitly prominent. Ovary
giabrous, stipitate on the upper margiu of the torus. Style long-, stig--
matic disk lateral, orbicular.

"W. Australia, Drummond. Tliis is referred to b_y F. Mueller, Fragm. vi. 207,
as a variety of G. sjxirsijiora, wbicb it much resembles in iiifloresceiice and flowers ; but,
besiiles tlie fuliage, it differs in the very oblique torus. It is ouly kuown from a small
specimen whicli is however abundautly iu flower.

63. G. singuliflora, F. Mnell. Fragm. vi. 92. A densely branched

flabrous shrub, j)robably small. Leaves sessile or very shortly petiolate,
roadly ovate or orbicular, very obtuse, flat or undulate, with a nerve-
like margin, 4 to 6 lines long, faintly penniveined on both sides.
Pedicels in pairs in the upper axils, filiform, giabrous, 3 to 4 lines
long-. Perianth giabrous outside, sligiitly pubescent inside about the
middle, the tube gibbous at the base on the upper side, about 4 lines

flrCvUlca.] CIV. PROTEACEiE. 453

long-, revolute under tlie g-loljulav limb. Torus very oblique, linear,
about 2 lines long-. Gland small and horseshoe-sbaped at tbe lower
end. Ovary g-bibrous on a long- stipes at tbe upper end of tbe torus j
st3'le ratber long* ; stig-matic disk lateraL
Queensland. Dogwood Creek, Leichhardt.

04. G. pauciflora, li. Br. i/i Tmns. Linn. Soc. x. 171, Prod. 377.
An erect busby sbrub, tbe brancbes silky or boary-tomentose. Leaves
linear or oblong-, usually cuneate, very obtuse or witb a small callous
point, witb nerve-bke sometimes recurved margins tapering- to tbe
base and sometimes sbortly petiolate, f to 1| in. long-, g-kibrous above
wben full g-rown, silky underneatb or at leng-tb nearly g-bibrous, tbe
midrib alone prominent. Pedicels in pairs or in very sbort racemes
of 2 or 3 pairs, axillary or terminal, 1 to 2 lines long-. Periantb red,
sprinkled witb a few small bairs outside, densely bearded inside by a
ring- of reflexed bairs above tbe middle, tbe tube about 3 lines long-,
dilated below tbe middle but abnost acute not g-ibbous at tbe base,
attenuate above tbe middle and reciirved under tbe globular limb.
Torus obbque. Gland semiannular. Ovary glabrous on a sbort tbick
stipes ; style sbort ; stig-matic disk lateral. Fruit about | in. long-. —
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 356 ; G. oligantha, F, Muelb Frag^m. vi. 206,

5. Australia. Port Lincoln, R. Brown; Marble Kanges, Wilkelmi ; Spencer's
Gulf, Warhurton.

W. Australia. Lucky Baj, B. Brown; S.W. end of Russel Eange and Phillipa
river, Maxwell.

The specimens are many of tliem very unsatisfactory.

65. G. Strangea, Benth. A small erect g-labrous sbrub. Leaves
ratber crowded, erect, bnear or Hnear-cuneate, obtuse or mucronate,
contracted at tbe base, 1 J to 2^ in. long-, tbick and veinless. Flowers
unknown. Fruits soHtary on lateral recurved pedicels of 3 or 4 bnes,
stipitate on tbe torus, quite gbibrous, fusiform, sbgbtly compressed,
tbick and bard, 1 to 1| in. long-, opening- along- tbe upper suture as in
all g-enuine Grevilleas. Seed probably Hke tbat of G. cynuncMcarpa,
but onl}^ known from a single separate membranous outer coating-
in Herb. F. Mueller, simibir to tbat of G. cynanchicarpa. — Strangca linc-
aris, Meissn. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 60, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 348.

Queensland. Wide Bay, Bidwill; swamps near Durval, Leichhardt ; Sandy
ridge, Cape Byron, O. Moore.

As far as the characters are derived from the fruit and foliage, the only parts known,
this species appears to me to be even scctionally inseparable from G. cy nanchicarpa ;
but both require further investigation from more perfect specimens.

Q)Q. G. cynanchicarpa, Mcissn. in Hook. Kcw Joxmu vii. 75, A
spreading- but stout and rigid sbrub of 3 or 4 ft., tbe young- brancbes
tomentose, tbe adult foHage glabrous. Leaves ratber crowded, erect,
linear, acute or mucronate, tbick and rig-id but flat or sHg'btly concave,
veinless, contracted at tbe base but scarcely petiolate, 2 to 4 in. long-
in some specimens^ 3 to 6 in. in otber. Pedicels soHtary in tbe axils,

454 civ. PROTEACE^. [GrcviUca.

about 3 lines long-. Perianth unknown. Torus very oblique. Gland
prominent, thick^ obliquely semiannular. Ovary tomentose-villous,
stipitate on tlie upper mar<>-in of the torus, with 2 hiterally attaclied
ovules as in all other GrcmUca'. ; style short and thick ; stig-matic disk
larg-e and lateral. Fruit 2 to 2i- in. long-, rather narrow, hard, taper-
ing- at both ends, obtusely ribbed, opening- along- the upper suture.
Seed flat, oblong, 1| to 2 in. long-, thin but not distinctly wingvd,
slightly thickened about the hihim which is very near tlie base, the
outer membranous coating separating- from the mner and openino- in
two valves. Embryo of the shape of the seed and equally distant from
both ends, the radicle exceedingly short at the lower end. — MoUoya
ajnanchicarpa, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 348.

W. Australia. Moore river and sand plain north of Diamond river, Drumniond,
6ih coll. n. 190; Cociileshell gully, Murchison river, Oldfield.

This has been proposed as a distinct genus on tlie supposition that the seed was
wintred at the uppur end like that of a Halea, and that tlie ovule was solitary. Tliat
proves hnwever to be a njistake. Tlie ovary, friiit, and seed are precisely those of
several true Grevillice, except as to wliat aj^pears to be the outer coating of the seed,
which in this specics and in G. Strangea sejiarates itself liom the inner in a nianner not
observed in other species, Imt which, in tlie absence of any other character, can scarci-iy
jiistify the generic separation of these plants so long as the seeds of so many aliied
species remain unknown.

Sect. 4. Calothyrsus. — Racemes secund, usually terminal and
many-ilowered. Perianth-tube more or less dihited below the middle
and usually opening on the lower side, revolute under the limb.
Torus very oblique, the gland-side the shortest. Ovary g-labrous,
stipitate. Species all tropical, except G. Hucgclii.

This section comprises all the species with a very oblique torus and glabrous ovary
exceptiug a very few with almost solitary axillary fiowers, which I thought better
placcd in Plagiopoda with others of the same exceptioual inflorescence.

Q7. G. quercifolia, E. Br. Prot. Nov. 23. An undershrub or
slirub of 1 to 3 ft., glabrous and g'laucous like G. Snnaphece but the
branches terete or nearly so. Leaves ovate or oblong*, sinuate-
pinnatifid with short broad miicronate or pungent-pointed lobes,
cuneate or rarely truncate at the base and very shortly petiohite,
mostly 3 to 4 in. sometimes 5 in. long, or those of long- hiteral
branches much smaller, all prominently veined and often unduh^te.
Racemes dense, | to 1 in. long, peduncuhite in the upper axils or 3 or
4 on a long" terminal lealless peduncle. Bracts broad, very deciduous
or rarely more persistent. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long-. Perianth
purple, glabrous outside, pubescent inside about the middle, very much
revohite in the bud, slightly dilated at the base, abruptly bent down
above the ovary when expanded, the limb very obUquely ovoid.
Torus very obhque. Gland obsolete. Ovary gkibrous, on a long
stipes on the upj^er margin ; style ilattened ; stigmatic disk hirge and
lateral. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 551, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 390 ; G.
brachyantha, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 31.

Grevillea.] civ. proteace^. 455

W. Australia. Swan liver, Fraser, Drummond, Ist coll. n. 619, Preiss, n. 693;
Yasse river, Oldfield ; Cape Leeuwin, Lay and Collie (witli long loose racemes).

Var. avgustifolia. Leaves lanceolate, pinnatifid, 3 to 6 in. long. — W. Australia,
Drummond; Mouut Barker, Oldfitld, F. Mueller ; Douelly aud Ijlackwood rivers,
T. C. Carey.

G8. G. angnlata, 7?. Br. Prof. Xov. 24. A slirub of 3 to 6 ft.,
qiiite g-labrous aud usually g'laucous, or the young- shoots scarcely
pubescent. Leaves petiohite, ovate or oblong-, cuneate at the base,
niore or less unduhite and prickly-tootlied, 1 to 2 in. long- or rather
more when narrow, reticuhite on both sides. Racemes dense, secund,
axilhiry and terminal, on peduncles of | to 1 in., the rhachis 6 to 8
lines long-. Pedicels slender, l^ to 2 lines long-. Perianth glabrous
or pubescent with short appressed hairs outside, densely bearded inside
with erect hairs, the tube nearly 4 lines long, not much dihated at the
base, attenuate and much revolute under the globuhir limb. Torus
oblique. Gland prominent, horseshoe-shaped. Ovary ghibrous, stipi-
tate on the upper marg-in of the torus ; style rather long ; stigmatic
disk ovate, laterah Fruit very obtuse with the base of the style
lateral, 4 to 6 lines long. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 380 ; G. ilicifoUa,
A, Cunn. Herb. not of R. Br.

N. Australia. Sims's Island, A. Cunningham ; Victoria river, Bgnoe, F. MueUer ;
Fitzmaurice river, F. Jlueller.

Var. ? lancifolia, F. Muell. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 2 to 3 in. long. — Stony ranges,
Central Australia, Herh. F. Mueller (coUector not named).

69. G. Wickhami, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 380. A shrub of 4 to
6 ft. or a small tree, the young- branches and foliage minutely silky-
pubescent, the older leaves nearly ghibrous. Leaves petiohite, ovate,
ang-ular or sinuate, with prickly-pointed angles or teeth, cuneate at the
base, 1 to IJ in. long, reticuhite as in G. angulata, or thicker with the
reticulations less conspicuous. Racemes secund, f to 2 in. long-, on
short axilhiry peduncles or terminating short branches. Pedicels 1 to
2 lines long, glabrous as well as the rhachis. Perianth ghibrous out-
side, bearded inside about the middle, the tube scarcely 3 lines long-,
broad and very obHque at the base, contracted and much revolute
under the globuhir linib. Torus oblique. Ghind horseshoe-shaped,
hirge but not very prominent. Ovary glabrous, stipitate on the upper
margin of the torus ; style ghibrous or minutely papillose-pubescent,
with a hirge lateral stigmatic disk. Fruit very obtuse, 4 to 5 lines
long.

N. Australia. Usborne's Harbour, N.W. coast, WickJiam; Eoebuck Bay, Martin;
King's Sound and Collier Bay, Chapman ; Port Darwin, Schultz ; Gulf of Carpentaria,
F. Muelkr.

70. G. agrifolia, A. Cunn. in P. Br. Prot. Nov. 24. A shrub of
strong g-rowth, the young shoots minutely silky-tomentose, often
ferruginous and the okl foliage scarcely ghdjrous. Leaves petiohate,
obovate-cuneate, more or less tinduhite and augular or sinuate with
prickly-pointed angles or teeth, tapering from the middle downwards,

4oG civ. pnoTEACE^. [GrcviJlca.

l.l to 3 in. long', more obli(|uely penniveined tlian in G. Wichhumi, tlie
reticulations ])rominent on botli sides. Racemes ratlier dense, socund,

1 to l.\ in. lonu", on sliort poduncles, axillarv or terminatinp: short
Lranclies. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines lontj', ii'labrous as well as tlie rliacliis.
Perianth glabrous outside, densely boarded inside with reflexed hairs,
the tube 3 or 4 lines long', scarcely dilated at the base, much revolute
under the g-lobular limb. Torus oblique. Gland larg-e, horseshoe-
shaped. Ovary gdabrous, on a slender stipes, at the upper marg-in of
the torus ; style long-, slender, gdabrous ; stig-matic disk lateral. Fruit
obliquely g-lobular, 7 or 8 lines diameter. — Meissn. in DC. Prod.
xiv. 380".

N. Australia. Cape Pond, Rims'?, Lacrosse, and Goulburn Islands, A. Cunning-
ham; Kicliol Bay, F Gregorifs Erpedition ; Giilfof Carpentaria, F. Mueller ; in tlie
interior, 2VDouall Stitarfs Expedition.

71. G. Cunninghamii, 7?. Br. Prot. Noi\ 23. A g-labrous and
more or less g-laucous shrub attaining- 10 ft. Leaves sessile or nearly
so, ovate, deeply cordate with broad stem-clasping- auricles, undulate
and prickh--toothed, 1 to 2 in. long and broad, prominently but flnely
reticulate on both sides. Racemes axillary, short and few-flowered, on
slender peduncles of about h in., the pedicels 1 to 2 lines long", all
quite g'labrous. Perianth glabrous outside, sparingly bearded inside
about the middle, the tube searcely 3 lines long-, broad and very
oblique below the middle, contracted and much revolute under the
g'lobular limb. Torus oblique. Gland horseshoe-shaped, larg-e but
slig-htly prominent. Ovary g-labrous, shortly stipitate near the upper
margin of the torus ; style not \er\ long-, broad and flattened, stig--
niatic disk oval-oblong, lateral. Fruit oblique, very obtuse, 4 to 5
lines long-. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 379 ; G. carduifolia, A. Cunn.
Herb.

N. Australia. Montague Sound, N.W. coast, A. Ctinniiigham.

72. G. pungens, 7?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soe. x. 175, Prod. 379. An
erect shrub of 2 to 5 ft., the branches and foliag-e silky-pubescent.
Leaves sessile, deeply and regularly pinnatifid, with 11 to 21 lanceolate
rig-id pung-ent-pointed lobes, the lower ones often 2-fid or 3-fid, much
veined above, more densely silky underneath with the midril)s alone
prominent, the whole leaf 1 to 2 in. or even long-er, variable in the
breadth and depth of the lobes. Racemes terminal, secund, solitarj- or

2 tog-ether, shortly pedunculate, 2 to 3 in. long-, quite glabrous. Pedi-
cels 1 to 2 lines long. Perianth glabrous inside and out, the tube about
4 Knes long, somewhat dilated below the middle, attenuate upwards
and revolute under the very obliquely globular limb. Torus oblique.
Gland prominent, half cup-shaped, truncate or 2-lobed. Ovary glabrous
on a short stij)es ; style not very long, slightly thickened 'under the
lateral stigmatic disk. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 372.

N. Anstralia. W. coast of tlie Gulf of Carpcntaria, B. Broun, Leichhardt;
Maiia island, Oidliver.

GrcriJIfn.] civ. pnoTKArK.E. 4;)?

73. G. Huegellii, Mcissn. i/i Pl. Prciss. i. 543, and iii DC. Prod. xiv.
372. An erect and spreading- or procnmbent rig-id slirub attaining'
sometimes several ft., the young- branclies slig'litly tomentose. Leaves
pinnate with 3 to 7 seg-ments, all entire or the lower ones again divided,
linear, rig-id, pung-ent-pointed, thick but tlat, glabrous and smooth above,
doubh' gTooved underneatli, and more or less silky in the g-rooves. Ra-
cemes very short and few-tlowered, sessile, solitary or 2 or 3 tog-ether
at the ends of the branches or at the old nodes, the rliacliis closely
tomentose. Pedicels 2 or 3 lines long. Perianth-tube rather narrow,
nearly straig'ht, 7 to 8 lines long', scarcely contracted under the slightly
recurved limb. Torus very oblique and elongated. Gland adnate,
scarcely prominent. Ovary glabrous, on a long- stipes inserted near the
iipper marg-in of the torus ; style not very long-, shortly clavate imder
the oldique convex stigunatic disk. — G. rigidissima, F. Muell. Pl. Vict.
ii. t. 71 ; Meissn. in Linniea xxvi. 35G, ancl in DC Prod. xiv. 360.

W. S. VtTales. Dailing and Murray desert, Mitchell, Dallachy, Jlrs. Ford, and
otliers.

Victoria. N.W. district of the colony, L. Morton.

S. Australia. Murray river to St, Vincent's and Spencer's Gulfs, F. Mueller ;
Gawler river, Weidenbach.

W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. n. 634 ; York distiict, Preiss, n.
691.

74. G. dimidiata, F. Muell. Frar/m. iii. 146. A tree (J), quite
glabrous with a giaucoiis foliag-e resembling- in some respects G. mimo-
soidcs, but at once disting-ui.shed by the broad leaves and large dilferently
sliaped llowers. Lea.ves falcate, 6 to 10 in. long- and 1 to 3 in. broad
in the middle in the few specimens seen, tapering- into a short petiole,
flat, ratlier thick, witli numerous almost long-itudinal veins and reticu-
lations, not very prominent but equally visible on both sides. Racemes
rather loose, 2 to 4 in. long-, pedunculate and collected several together
in a loose terminal panicle. Pedicels 1 to \^ lines long\ Perianth
quite giabrous as well as the wliole inilorescence, the tube about 4 lines
long', revolute under the giobular linib. Torus very oblique, concave.
Gland adnate, scarcely prominent. Ovary giabrous, on a long- stipes on
the upper part of the torus ; style long-, Hattened ; stig-matic disk ob-
lic|ue, shortly conical in tbe centre.

N. Australia. Careening Bay, i4 . Cunniiigham (lea.ves only) ; Victoria river, F.
MueUtr ; lloper river, M'Douall iStuarfs Eapcdition.

75. G. heliosperma, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 170, Prod.
380. A small slender tree, the young- shoots minutely silvery or ful-
vous-pubescent, the adult foliage giabrous and more or less giaucous.
Leaves once or twice pinnate, tlie seg'ments not very numerous, oblong--
lanceolate, obtuse, flat, 3 to 4 in. long', tapering- at tlie base and often
petiolulate, triplinerved or penniveined with few almost longitudinal pri-
mary veins and numerous almost longitudinal reticidations couspicuous
on both sides, the whole leaf 6 in. to 1 ft. long-. Racemes very loose,
secund, 2 to 4 in. long, terminal or lateral, often branched but shorter

458 civ. PROTEACE^. [GrcvUlca.

than tlie leaves. Perianth g-labrous outside as well as the whole in-
ilorescence, bearded inside below the middle, thetube fully 4 lineslong-,
dihited towards the base, somewhat contracted upwards and much re-
vohite under the obHquely «^•lobuh^r limb. Torus very obhque and nar-
row, 3 hnes long'. Ghmd adnate, scarcely prominent. Ovary g-hibrous,
stipitate at the upper end of the torus ; style very long- ; stig-matic (hsk
very oblique or hiteral, very convex. Fruit nearly globidar, obhcpie, 1
in. diameter, with very thick hard valves. Seed broatUy wing-od all
round.— Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 380.

N. Australia. N. coast, B. Brorvn ; Port Eaffles, A. Cunnhrjham ; Melville
island, Fraser ; Poirt Pearce, M'Adam Eange, Eoper river, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin,
Schultz j Caledon Bay and Liverpool river, Gull.

76. G. refracta, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 176, Frod. 380. A
tall shrub or small tree, tlie young- branches toiuentose. Leaves mostly
pinnate with 3 to 11 seg"ments 2 to 5 in. long-, linear-lanceohite or the
terminal one broader, or sometimes reduced to a single oblony-cuneate
lear, the seg-ments acute or obtuse when broad, tapering- at the base and
sometimes petiolulate, the margins usually recurved, nearly glabrous
above and penniveined with numerous very oblique and nearly parallel
primary veins, densely silky-pubescent underneath with the midrib alone
prominent. Racemes short, secund, nearly sessile, usually several to-
gether in a small sessile terminal panicle, the rhachis of each raceme
rarely above 1 in. long-, the pedicels 2 to 3 lines, hoary-tomentose.
Perianth silky-pubescent outside, bearded inside about the middle, the
tube 4 to 5 lines long-, dilated towards thebase, contracted upwardsand
much revolute under the obliquely globular hmb. Torus very oblique.
Gland very prominent, half cup-shaped, 2-lobed. Ovary g-hibrous,
stipitate on the upper margin of the torus ; style thick, not very long- ;
stigmatic disk lateral. Fruit very hard, nearly globular, about 1 in.
diameter. Seed broadly wing-ed. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 382.

N. Australia. Islands of tbe Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown; Cambridge GulP,
N.W. coa.st, ^-1. Cunni)i(jham ; Cygnet Bay, Wiclcham; "Victoria river, Bynoe, F.
Mueller ; Sea Range and Fitzmaurice river, F. Mueller ; Sburfs Eange, Kewcastle
water, Riliiarfs springs, M'£>ouall Stuarfs Expedition.

Var. ceratophylla. Leaf-segments often ratber broader and several of tlie lcaves un-
dividcd, tbe primary veins more conspicuous underneatb. — G. ceratopliylla, R. Br. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 177, Prod. 380; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 382 ; G. heterophylla,
A. Cunn. in R. Br. Prot. Nov. 24; Meissn. l.c. 381. — Islands of tbe Gulf of Carpen-
taria, B. Brown ; N.W. coast, A. Cunningham.

Var. velutina, Meissn. Segments of tbe leaves all broad'and densely silky-ferrugi-
nous op botb sides.— G. velutina, A. Cunn. Herb. — Greville island, Regent's river, A.
Cunnin<jham ; Gknelg Tiver, 3Iartin.

77. G. Dryandri, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 175, Prod. 379. A
tall slirub, the braiiches minutely hoary-tomentose or quite giabrous.
Leaves })innate, with numorous narrow-linear rather rigid mucronate
segments, the lower ones 2 to 4 in. long-, the upper ones g-radually
smallor, all with recurved or revolute margins, glabrous above and more
or less marked with very oblique or longitudinal veins, silky-pubescent

GrcvUlea.'] civ. protkace.e. 459

iindorncath with the midrib prominent. Rucemes loose and secund,
<>iahrous and g-hiucous, from 4 or 5 in. to nearly 1 ft. lono-, and often
several on a \o\v^ stout terminal peduncle. Pedicels 3 to 5 lines long".
Periantli wliite, jj;'hd)rous outside, sli<i,-htly bearded inside, the tube 7 to
9 lines lonii", dilated at the base, attenuate from the middle and revolute
under the obliquely ylobular limb, the lamin;e of the long-er seg-ments
bearing- a longitudinal dorsal keel-like appendag-e. Torus oblique but
not very much so. Ghind prominent, semiannular, often 2 lobed. Ovary
g-labrous, on a long" stipes ; style very long* ; stig"matic disk lateral. —
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 374; O. riffens, A. Cunn. ; Meissn. l.c. ; G.
calUpteris, Meissn. l.c. 375.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Henne; Upper
Tictoiia river, F. Mueller ; Goulburn island, A., Cunningliam ; Port Essington, Arm-
stroiig.

Queensland. Cape Flinders, A. Cunningliam.

78. G. polystachya, i?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 177, Prod. 380.
A tall shrub or small tree, attaining- about 30 ft., tlie branchesminutely
silky-pubescent or hoary when young-. Leaves linear or linear-lanceo-
late and undivided, or dilated upwards and irregularly divided into 2
to 6 long" linear-lanceolate segments, the whole leaf 6 to 10 in. long',
acuminate, tapering' into a petiole, glabrous above, more or less silky-
pubescent underneath, with the midrib and often long"itudinal lateral
veins prominent. Racemes rather dense, secund, 3 to 4 in. long, gla-
brous, usually several in a short terminal panicle. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines
long-. Perianth white, glabrous oiitside, shortly bearded inside, the
tube about 4 lines long", not much dilated at the base, narrow and re-
volute under the globular limb. Torus oblique but not very much so.
Gland semicircular. Ovary g-labrous, stipitate ; style rather long-,
shortly thickened under the very oblique stigmatic disk. Fruit woody,
obliquely orbicular, f to 1 in. diameter. Seedsbroadly wing^ed. — Meissn.
in DC. Prod. xiv. 384; G. parallcla, Knig'ht, Prot. 121 ; G. polijhotrua,
F. Muell. iu Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 23 ; Meissn. l.c. 098, not of Meissn.
l.c. 380.

N. Australia. Macadam Range and S. Alligator river, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Shoalbay passai^e, B,. Brown ; Gilbert river, F. Mueller ; Edge-
combe and liockingbam Bays, Dallacliy ; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Broad Souud, Flin-
ders and Bowen rivers, Bnwman; Liverpool river, GidUver ; Port Mackav, Nernst.

Var. hehestachya. Racemes minutely hoary-pubescent. Fiowers ratber smaller. —
Cape York, Daemel ; Daymau's island, W. Hill. Souie of the Eockiugbam Bay spe-
cimens are intermediate bt-twcen these and the typical form.

G. angustata, E. Br. Prot. Nov. 24; Meissn. iu DC. Prod. xiv. 384, described from
Bpecimen.s in leaf only from Cape Cleveland, A. Cunningliam, is probably oidy a veiy
narrow leaved form of G. polystachya.

79. G. robusta, A. Cvnn. in li. Br. Prot. Nov. 24. A tree sometimes
small and slender, sometimes robust and 80 to 100 ft. hig'h, the youug-
branches hoary or ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves pinnate with abuut
11 to 21 pinnatifid pinna?, the secondary lobes or seg-ments entire or
ag-ain lobed, lanceolate or rarely linear, often above 1 in. long-, the

4G0 riv. PROTEACEiE. [Grevillea.

marg-ins rccurved, g-labrous above or sprinkled witli appressed hairs and
obscurely veined ; silky underneath, the whole leaf 0 to 8 in, long and
nearly as broad. Racemes secund, 3 or 4 in. long-, solitary or several
tog-ether on very short leafless branches on the old wood. Pedicels
slender, about ^ in. long", g-labrous as well as the rhachis. Perianth
glabrous outside and in, the tube nearly 3 lines long-, scarcely dilated
at the base, revolute under the ovoid limb. Torus shghtly obhque.
(Jland prominent, semiannuhir. Ovary g-labrous, stipitate ; style long-,
the stig'matic disk somewhat obhque with a central cone. Fruit broad,
very obHque, 8 or 9 lines long-. Seed wing-ed all round. — Meissn. in
DC. Prod. xiv. 381 j Bot. Mag\ t. 3184; G. nmhraticu, A. Cunn. ;
Meissn. hc.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningliam, Fraser.
"N. S. ^Vales. From th'.; rticlimond to the Tweed river.s, C. Moore, ; Sydney
woods, Paris Exhibition, 1855, Macarthur, n. 159, C. Moore, n. 88; Clarence and
Eichmond Lrushes, London Exhibition, 1862, C. Moore, n. 1C8.

_ Uiidcr cultivation the leaf is sometimes a foot long, almost tripinnate, with numerous
pinnae and narrow acute segments.

Sect. 5. Cycladenia. — Racemesmany-flowered (scarcely secund?)
several in a lerminal panicle. Perianth-tube narrow, recurved or re-
flexed under the Hmb. Torus straight. Gland annular, surrounding-
the stipes of the ovary. Ovaiy g-labroxis; style long- with a lateral
stig-matic disk.

Ihe inflorescence is nearly that of the tropical species of Cahthyrsus, buttheflowers
are more crowded and apparently not secund. The periaiith is nearly that of Cyclop-
tera, but longer, and the section is readily distinguished from all others by the regular
anuular hypogynous gland.

80. G. anntilifera, F. MiuU. Frafpn. iv. 85. A shrub of G to 8 ft.,
(|uite glabrous and more or less glaucous. Leaves pinnate ; segments
5 or ?, narrow-Hnear, divaricate, rigid, pung-ent-pointed, f to 1 in.
hmg-, the margins revolute, smooth above, doubl}^ grooved underneath.
Kacemes loose, many-flowered, 2 to 4 in. long-, shortly pedunculate
and usually several tog-ether in a terminal panicle. Pedicels 2 to 3
Hnes long-, g-labrous as well as the rhacliis. Perianth white, g-labrous
outside, sHg-htly bearded inside near the base, the seg-ments eciually
separating- from the base and scarcely dilated, much revolute under the
oliHquely globular Hmb, about J in. long- if unroUed. Torus straig-ht.
Ckaid annukir, rather thick but not very prominent. Ovary giabrous,
on a hjng- stipes free in the centre of the g-hmd ; style very long-, with
an ()1)Hf|uo or hiteral stigmatic disk.

W. Australia. Jlurchison rivcr, Oldfield.

81. G. leucopteris, Mcism. in Ilooh. Kov Jovrn. vii. 70», and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 382. A shrub of 4 to 8 ft., the brnnches and petioles hoary
or ferruginous with a close but soft and dense tomentum. Leaves pin-
nate ; seg-ments numerous, narrow-Hnear, 4 to 10 in. long", of a pale
colour, convex and smooth above, more or less tomentose and doubly

Girvillca.] Civ. proteace^. 401

^•rooved iinderneatli, tlie whole leaf often al)ove 1 ft. long*. Racemes
loose, niany-tiowered, 3 to 4: in. long", shortly peduncidate in a terminal
panicle often raised upon branches of 3 or 4 ft. either leafless or with a
few sim])le leaves or hracts, or rarely the panicle close upon the pinnate
leaves ; the conimon peduncle tomentose up to the racemes, but the
rhachis and pedicels giabrous. Bracts broad, membranous, villous,
imbricate on the young- racemes but very early deciduous. Pedicels
rarely above 2 lines long-. Perianth giabrous outside, densely bearded
iuside uear the base, the segnnents equally separating* and sligiitly
dilated at the base, revolute under the giobular limb, fully 5 lines long".
Toriis straight. Gland annular, thick but not very prominent. Ovary
giabrous, on a long- stipes in the centre of the giand ; style very long-,
sligiitly thickened under the lateral stigmatic disk. Fruit broad, very
oblique, nearly 1 in. long'. — G. scff/ne/itosa, F, Muell. Frag-m. iii. 145,
iv. 1?0.

"W. Australia. Murchison rivor, Oldfield, Drummond, Qth coll. n. 188.

Sect. 0. Cycloptera. — Flowers small in dense terminal racemes
usually paniculate. Perianth-tube narrow, recurved or reHexed under
the limb. Torus straigiit. Ovary giabrous, sti])itate. Fruit usually
broad. Seed wing'ed all round.

Tliis section lias tiie flowers of Lissostylis with the general habit more of Calothyrsus,
and all the species except G. Hillii have the stigma on an erect cone as in Conogyne.

82. G. leucadendron, A. Cunn. in i?. Br. Prot. Nov. 25. A tall
shrub or small tree, the foliag-e silky or sprinkled with small appressed
Iiairs or rarely almost giabrous and usually giaucous. Leaves mostly
pinnate, with 3 to 11 long- linear flat seg'ments, sometimes scarcely
broader than thick, sometimes 2 or 3 lines broad, with about 3 longitu-
dinal veins simjDle or anastomosing' and ])rominent on both sides, the
seg"ments varyiug- from under 0 in. to l^- ft. in length, and occasionally
ag'ain divided or rarely the whole leaf simple. Flowers very small, in
dense erect racemes of 2 or 3 in., shortly jiedunculate and usually several
tog-ether in a terminal leatless panicle shorter than the leaves. Pedicels
^ to 1 line long". Perianth giabrous as well as the whole inHorescence,
the tube narrow, about 2 lines long-, reHexed under the giobular limb.
Torus small. Gland horseshoe-shaped, not very prominent. Ovary
giabrous, on a long- stipes ; style not very long", rather thick, the stig--
niatic cone nearly straigiit. Fruit broad, obIic]ue, compressed, about f to 1
in. long-. Seed winged all round. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 382 ;
G. ohliqua, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 25 ; Meissn. l.c. ; G. lon/jiloha, F. Muell.
Fragm. i. 130.

N. Australia. Cambridge Gulf and Enderby island, Dampier'8 Archipelagn, A.
Cunningham ; Sea range, Victoiia river, and sources of the Roper, Wickham, and Alli-
gator rivers, Gulf of Carpentaria, F. Mueller.

Cunningham's specimens have leaves and frnits only, those of G. leucadendron from
Cambriiige Gulf with narrower leaf-segments than those of G. obliqua from Enderby
island ; F. iMu(dler's are iri good flower and closely eonnect the two forms, the leaf-
seijmcnts varying in breadth from 1 to .3 liiies. After as careful a comparison as the
Bpecimens admit of 1 have no doubt but that all belong to one species.

4G2 civ. ruuTEACE^. [Grcvillca.

83. G. pyramidalis, A. Cnnn. in R. Br. Prnt. Nov. 2o. A tall
shrub or sniall tree, tlie adult foliag-e g-labrous and g-Liucous. Leaves
once or twice pinnate, tbe seg-ments not numerous, linear-cuneate or
oblanceolate, obtuse, 3 to 5 in. long-, tapering- at tbe base and often
petiohdate, llat, ratber tbick, long-itudinally but irregubirly vcined on
both sides. Flowers very small, in paniculate g-labrous racemes like
tbose of G. Icucadcndron, and ag-reeing- precisely in structure and j)ropor-
tions witb tbat species, of wbicb G. pyramiduUs may prove to be a
sbort-leaved variety. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 381,

N. Australia. Eegenfs river, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham.

84. G. striata, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 177, Prod. 380. A
small or birge tree, tlie brancbes closely tomentose, tbe foliag-e minutely
and sometinies sparing-ly silky-pubescent. Leaves undivided, linear or
linear-bmceolate, 0 to 18 in. long-, often curved, 2 to 5 lines broad,
obscurely veined above, striate underneatb, witb 9 to 13 raised parallel
nerves, separated by intervals mucb narrower tban tbe uerves tbem-
selves. Flowers small, in slender spike-bke erect racemes of 2 or 3
in., sbortly pedunculate and usually several tog-etber in a lealless
panicle sborter tban tbe leaves, tbe rbacliis tomentose. Pedicels
scarcely 1 bne long-. Periantb silky-pubescent outside, g'bibrous inside,
the tube about 2 lines long-, narrow, revolute under tbe g;lobubir limb.
Torus smalL Gband semiannular, prominent. Ovary glabrous, on a
slender stipes ; style not very long-, tbe stig-matic cone straiglit. Fruit
hroad, very oblique, compressed, about | in. long\ — Meissn. in DC.
Prod. xiv. 385 5 G. lincata, R. Br. App. Sturt. Exped. 24; Meissn. l.c.

N. Australia. Victoria river, F. Mueller ; islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, E.
Brown.

Queensland. Wiile Bay, Bidwill ; Port Denison, Fitzalan; Kennedj- district,
Daintree ; Flinders and Dawson rivers, Sutherland ; in tbe interior, Mitchdl.

N. S. 'Wales. Darling desert, Victorian Expedition ; Bogan river, C. Stuart.

S. Australia. Coopcr's Creek, Howitfs Expedition.

85. G. mimosoides, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. \77 , Prod. 380,
Prot. Kov. 25. A tree quite g-labrous, but the foliage g'laucous. Leaves
undivided, lanceolate, falcate, 6 to 10 in. long-, varying- from under ^
in. to above 1 in. in breadtb, obtuse or witb a callous point, tapering*
into a sbort petiole, llat, witb several sometimes many long-itudinal
veins or nerves and very oblique almost longitudinal veinlets visible on
botb sides, but not very prominent. Flowers small, " pinkisb wbite"
in slender glabrous racemes of 3 or 4 in. sbortly pedunculate and
usually several in a terminal leailess panicle. Pedicels | to 1 in. long-.
Periantb g-labrous, tbe tube narrow, about 2 lines long-, revolute under
the g-lobular limb. Torus small. Disk semiannular, scarcely prominent
or very obscure. Ovary g-labrous, on a long* stipes ; style long", witb a
sbort nearl}^ straig-bt stigmatic cone or conical disk. iruit broad, very
obli(|ue, somewbat compressed, fally 1 in. long'. Seed-wing- narrow,
coriaceous. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 385.

N. Australia. Careening Bay, N.VV. coast, A. Cunningham ; Victoria river,

G/rvillea.] civ. rnoTKACEiE, 463

M'Adam Range, Fitzmaunce river, F. Jlueller ; islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B.
Brown, Henne.

Tlie lcaves closely resemble those of some of the tropical phyllodinous Acacice; when
broad tliey are also very nearly those of Q. dimldiata, which has however very different

ilowers.

80. G. Hilliana, F. Mucll. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Yict. ii. 72. A
lar<;-e tree, tlie young" branclies minntely tomentose. Leaves petiolate,
either entire obovate-oblong- or elbptical, very obtuse, tapering- at the
base and 0 to 8 in. long-, or still long-er and deeply divided at the end
into 2 or 3 diverg-ing- lobes, or deeply pinnatifid with 5 to 7 oblong" or
lanceohite lobes of several inches, the whole leaf then sometimes above
1 ft. long-, g'labrous above penniveined and reticulate with tlie primary
veins conliuent in an intramarginal nerve, more or less silvery-silky
underneath. Flowers small and very numerous in dense cylindrical
racemes of 4 to 8 in., on short axillary shoots accompanied often by
1 or 2 smaller racemes. Pedicels about 1 line long-, minutely pubes-
cent as well as the rhachis. Perianth minutely silky outside, g'labrous
or scarcely pubescent inside, the tube slender, about 3 lines long", revo-
lute under the g'lobular limb. Torus straig"ht. Gland semiannular,
not very prominent. Ovary g-labrous, stipitate ; style long* and
slender, the stig-matic disk lateral. Fruit slig-htly compressed, nearly
1 in, long-. Seed rather narrowly wing-ed all round.

Queensland, Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, W. Hill, F. Mueller ; Eockingham
Bay, Dallachji.

N. S. Wales. From the Clarence to the Tweed river, C. Moore.

87. G. gibbosa, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 177, Prod. 380, A
small or larg-e tree sometimes reduced to a tall shrub, the braiiches and
foliag'e softly tomentose-pubescent witli very sliort hairs silky on the
young- shoots and persisting- on both sides of the adult leaves. Leaves
entire, ovate ovate-lanceolate or oblong'-elliptical, obtuse or almost
acute, tapering- into a short petiole, 3 to 4 or rarely 5 in. long-, penni-
veined with rather numerous oblique primary veins conlluent in an
intramarginal nerve. Flowers small, in dense spike-like racemes of
3 to G in., shortly pedunculate and usually 3 tog-ether at the ends of
the branches. Pedicels 1 to 1|- lines long*, pubescent as well as the
rhachis. Perianth sprinkled or clothed witli appressed hairs outside,
g-labrous inside, the tube slender, about 2 lines long-, revolute under
the g-lobular limb. Torus small. Gland very prominent, semi-
cupular, truncate or 2-lobed. Ovary giabrous, shortly stipitate ; style
long-, flliform, the stig-matic cone straigiit or nearly so. Fruit
obliquely giobular, 1 to 1|- in. diameter, opening- in 2 very hard thick
hemispherical valves, enclosing- 1 or 2 flat (broadly wing-ed ?) seeds. —
Meissn. in DC, Prod. xiv. 385 ; G. glauca, Knigiit, Prot. 121.

Queensland. Endeavour river, BanJcs and Solunder, W. Hill ; Cape York,
M'Gillivray, Daemel ; Albany isLand, F. Mueller, W. Hill; Suttor, Cape, and Bur-
dekin rivers, Leichhardt, F. Mueller, Bowman, and others,

Sect. 7. Eriostylis, "R. Br. — Racemes umbel-like, sessile or
nearly so. Flowers small, villous. Perianth-tube revolute under the

40-1 CIV. PROTEACK^E. [(i/rrillca.

liiul). Torus str;iiylit. Ovary sliortly stipitate, villous as well as tlie
stvle ; stigmatic disk lateral. Leaves all entire.

The section is in many respects allied to the series Jlebegyme of Eugrevillea, but
readily distiiiguished by the foliage from all the species of that series except G. concinna,
which has a giabrous style.

88. G. buxifolia, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 174, Prad. 379.
A ])us]iy s]iru]j of 4 to 6 ft., t]ie branclies ferrug-inous-pubescent and
villous. Leaves ratlier crowded, sessile, from ovate to o])long- or
almost lanceolate, obtuse or acute, the marg-ins recurved, l to | in. but
mostly about J in. long-, minutely scabrous veined and often shining^
above, ferruginous or si]k3'-pubescent underneath. Racemes terminal,
sessile, umbel-like. Pedicels 3 to 0 lines long-, villous as well as the
rhachis. Periantli villous outside, bearded inside witli reflexed hairs,
the tube nearl}^ 3 lines long-, rather Ijroad, reflexed under tlie g-lobular
limb. Torus straight. Gland semiannular. Ovary almost sessile,
densely villous ; style long-, villous, clavate at the end, witli a broad
thick lateral stigmatic disk, the villous back produced beyond tlie disk
into a spreading- or reflexed appendao'e. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv.
369; Bot. Reg-. t. 443; Lodd, Bot. Cab. t. 1502; Enibothrium Mxi-

folimn, Sm. Spec. Bot. N. Holl. 29. t. 10 ; Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 218 ;
Emhothrimn ffcnianthum, Cav. Ic. iv. GO. t. 387 ; Sti/lnrus hiixifolia and
S. coUina, Knig-ht, Prot. 115, 116.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Broivn, Sieber, n. 37, El. Mixt. n. 477, and
many others.

89. G. phylicoides, 7?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 174, Prod. 379.
A slirub of 3 or 4 ft., tlie branches ferrug-inous-villous. Leaves sessile
or very shortly petiolate, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, mucro-
nate, mostly | to 1 in. long-, the margins revolute, very scabrous
above, pubescent or villous underneatli. Racemes umbel-like, ter-
minal, sessile or very shortly pedunculate. Pedicels 1 to 3 lines long",
tomentose as well as tlie rhachis. Periantli densely villous outside,
bearded inside with reflexed liairs, tlie tube about 2 lines long* reflexed
under the globular limb. Torus straig'ht. Gland ver}' prominent,
semiannTdar, crenate. Ovary villous, shortly stipitate ; stigmatic disk
lateral, thick, oblong-, the villous back produced beyond the disk into a
ratlier long- erect Iiorn. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 369.

N. S. Wales. Grose river, R. Brown ; Bhie Mountains, Fraser, Sieher, n. 29,
and others ; Chirence river, Beclder.

90. G. sphacelata, E. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 174, Prod. 378.
A shrub of several feet, resembling- G. phylicoidcs, but the indumentum
of the branches and underside of the leaves closely appressed. Leaves
sessile or very shortly petiolate, linear-Ianceolate, obtuse with a
callous point, tlie margins revolute, | to 1 in. long-, scabrous-punctate
on tlie u})per side. Racemes umljel-like, terminal and usually sessile.
Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long-, pul)escent as well as tlie rhachis. "Perianth
villous outside, bearded inside witli reflexed hairs shorter than in G.

Grevillea.] civ. pkoteace^, 465

phylicoidcs, the tube scarcely 2 lines long", revohite under the ovoid
limb. Torus straig'ht. Ghmd very prominent, semiannular. Ovary
villous, stipitate ; style villous ; stig-matic disk latcral, oval, thick,
with a raised border, the villous back scarcely produced beyond the
disk.— Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 309.

N. S. Wales. Cook's river and George's river, It. Brown; Liverpool, LeicJthardt ;
lllawana, A. Cunningliain, Sheplierd ; near Appin, Backhotise ; Ashticid, J^e/-^. F.
jHiieUer.

91. G. occidentalis, i?. Br. in Trans. Lim. Soc. x. 173, Prod. 378.
A loosely branchcd shrub of 3 or 4 ft., the branches silky-tomentose
"with appressed hairs. Leaves sessile or nearly so, lanceolate or ahiiost
linear, with short callous points, the margins revolute, scabrous-
punctate above, silky underneath, | to 1 in. long'. Eacemes umbel-
like, terminal, shortly pedunculate or rarely sessile. Pedicels 0 to 4
hnes long-, shortly villous. Perianth villous outside, bearded inside in
the upper half Avith rellexed hairs, the tube rather broad, fully 2 lines
long', revohite under the globular hmb. Torus straight. Ghmd semi-
annuhir. Ovary villous, ver}- shortly stipitate ; style villous ; stig'-
matic disk hiteral, broadly orbiciUar, the villous dorsal centre not
reaching" to the marg-in of the disk. Fruit ovoid-oblong", about ^ in.
long-. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 539, ii. 252, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 370.

W. Australia. King George's Sonnd and adjoining districts, E. Brown, Druni-
mond, 2nd cdl. n. 270, Preiss, n. 713, and several others.

92. G. acerosa, F. Mudl. Fragm. i. 13G. A shrub of about 3 ft. the
branches rather slender but rigid, the young' shoots silky or ferrugi-
nous. Leaves sessile, hnear-terete, g-rooved underneath, rigid and
pung-ent-pointed, ^ to f or rarely 1 in. long", giabrous and smooth
when full gTown. Racemes umbel-hke, small, sessile, terminal or in
axillary leafy tufts. Pedicels fihform, 1 to 2 Hnes long-, villous.
Perianth densely villous, the tube much revolute, the upper shorter
seg-ments scarcely above 1 Une long-, the Hmb giobular. Torus
straight. Gland prominent, semianmilar. Ovary densely villous,
very shortly stipitate ; style villous ; stigmatic disk lateral, oval, flat
or convex, the small stigma prominent in the centre. Fruit 4 or 5
hnes long'.

"^V. Australia, Drummond, n. 126; Salt river and Cape Knob, Maxwell.

93. G. umbellulata, Mcissn. in Pl. Prciss. ii. 252, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 371. A shrub with rather slender virg-ate branches, the young
shoots shgiitly silky-hairy, the adidt foHag-e giabrous. Leaves narrow-
hnear or rarely hnear-kinceolate, acute, with revolute margins, not
scabrous, l^ to 3 in. long', a few floral ones much snialler. Racemes
umbel-hke, numerous, sessile, axihary and terminah Pedicels 1 to 2
hnes long", densely villous as well as the rhachis. Perianth densely
villous outside, bearded inside, the tube scarcely l^ hnes long-, revo-
lute under the giobuhir hmb. Torus straigiit. Gland very short,
semiannular. Ovary villous, nearly sessile ; style villous and filiform

VOL. V. " H H

4:QQ civ. PROTEACE^. [GrcvUlea.

to the end ; stig-matic disk lateral, orbiciilar, flat with a raised border,
the stigma sessile or nearly so in the centre.

W. Australia, Drummond, Ind coll. n. 324 ; Port Gregorj, Oldjield.—Y cry near
G. oxystifjma, but tbe diflferenccs in tlie style appear to be constant.

94. G. oxystigma, Meissn. iii Pl. Prciss. i. 540, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 370. A slinib of 1 to 4 ft., the branches silky-pubescent or
o-hibrous. Leaves of the main stems sometimes hmceolate and 1 to 2
in. long, those of the flowering- branches linear or linear-Umceolate and
-^ to 1 in. long-, in other specimens all crowded appressed and under i
in., all with revohite marg-ins, glabrous and smooth above, the con-
cealed under surface often silky. Racemes umbel-hke, numerous, ter-
minal or on very short axillary branches. Pedicels 2 to 4 lines long-,
villous as well as the rhachis. Perianth villous, the tube about l^
lines long', revohite under the globular hmb. Torus straioht. Gland
short, semiannular. Ovary villous, very shortly stipitate ; style
villous, flUform, the obhc[uely clavate g-hibrous end forming- a thick
lateral orbicular disk, with the stigma raised on a prominent point in
the centre. Fruit 4 or 5 lines long-. — Halica piluliferu, Lindl. Swan
Riv. App. 36.

'W. Australia. Swan river to King George's Sounrl, Driimmond, \st coll. n. 629,
Preiss, n. 710, 714, 715, 716; Gordon and Kalgan rivers, Oldfield ; base of Stirling
Kange, F. Mueller.

Var. ? villosa. Brancbes densely villous ; adult lcaves scabrcnispunctate. — Between
Swan river and King George's Sound, Harvey ; near Belgarup, Oldfieid.

95. G. CandoUeana, 3Icissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 541, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 371. Apparently a low shrub, with erect and virgate or ascend-
ing' and loosely branched stems, the branches more or less tomentose.
Leaves sessile or nearly so, oblong-lanceolate or almost linear, mucro-
nate, Avith recurved or revohite margins, | to 1| in. long* or smaller on
the side branches, glabrous and smooth above with a prominent mid-
rib, white-tomentose underneath. Racemes tmibel-hke, sessile, ter-
minal and in the upper axils. Pedicels \ to | in. long-, densely villous.
Perianth densely villous with soft hairs, the tube much revohite, the
lower seg"ments about 2 hnes, the upper scavcrly 1 hne long' under the
g-lobular hmb. Torus straight. Gland siuall. Ovary villous on a
short stipes ; style villous, elong-ated ; stigmatic disk hiteral, produced
at the cnd into a narrow-oblong- invohite appendag-e glabrous on the
back, the stig"ma sessile on the face near the base of the chsk. Fruit
obHc|ue, about | in. long-.

^V. Australia. Swanriver, Drummond, \st coll.n. 628, Oldfield; also Preiss, n.
2625 {Mtissner).

9G. G. scabra, Mci.^isn. in Pl. Prciss. i. 541, and in DC. Prod. xiv.
371. A shrul), aiiparontly more rig-id and erect than G. CandoUeana,
the young- leaves and branches hirsute with scattered spreading- hairs.
Leaves sessile and often chistered in the axils, hnear or rarely lanceo-
late, mucronate, the margins closely revohite, | to above 1 in. hjng-,
very scabrous above after the hairs have worn otf, the under surfkce

Grcvillca.] CIV, PROTEACEi^i. 4G7

silky-tomentose biit usually concealed. Racemes um])el-like, sessile,
numerous, terminal or in the axillary tufts. Pedicels about h in. long-,
villons. Periantli villous and revolute as in G. CandoUeuna^ but larg-er,
the lower seg-monts with a claAv of 3 lines and the concave lamina 11-
linos broad, the upper segments much smaller. Torus small. Gland
scarcelv prominent. Ovarv villous, on a short stipes. Style villous,
elongated ; stignnatic disk lateral, shortly produced at the base below
its insertion and at the end forming an oblong involute appendag-e like
that of G. Caadolleana, but more or less tomentose on tlie back.
TV. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. n. 627.

Sect. 8. LissosTYLis, R. Br. — Racemes short and dense (exceptin
G. YictorUe and G. trachi/thcea). Perianth-tube narrow, revolute or
recurved under the limb. Torus straight. Ovary glabrous, stipitate.
Stigmatic disk (or in 2 species stigmatic cone) very oblique or lateral.

Series 1. PuNiCEiE. — Flowers not numerous or loosely racemose,
the perianth about J in, long-. Leaves entire. Species all Eastern.

The species of this serles approach tho Eurjrevillea; of the series Leiogjpim, but the
pcrianth, although not so small as in the rest of the section, has a narrower tnbe, scavcely
dilated below the niiddle, and tlie segments more equally separating than in Eugrevillea.
The racemes are also scarctdy if at all secund.

97. G. Miqueliana, F. Muell. in Trans. Viet. Inst. 1855, 132, and
in Hooli. Kcw Journ. viii. 206. An erect shrub, the young branches
loosely tomentose pubescent or villous. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate
or oval-oblong, obtuse, with or without a small callous point, the mar-
g-ins slightly recurved, 1| to 2| in. long-, glabrous or minutely scabrous
and veinless above, tomentose-j)ubescent penniveined and more or less
reticulate underneath. Racemes short, dense, on very short recurved
terminal peduncles. Pedicels 1 to l^ lines long-, densely pubescent as
well as the rhachis. Perianth loosel}' pubescent or villous outside,
densely bearded inside about the middle, the tube narrow, 7 or 8 lines
long". Torus straig'ht. Gland semiannular. Ovary glabrous, shortly
stipitate ; style not much exceeding the perianth, witli a large lateral
stigmatic disk. Fruit f in. long. — Meissn in DC. Prod. xiv. 352,

Victoria. Upper valley of the Avon, Mount Baw-Baw, summits and higher regions
of Mount Useful, sources of the Macalister river, &c., F. Mueller.

98, G. brevifolia, F. Mucll. Herh. A low bushy shrub, the branches
hoary-tomentose. Leaves obovate or oval, obtuse, contracted into a
very short petiole, the margins slightly recurved, | to 1;^ in, long-, gla-
brous sliining and veinless above, lioary or silvery-tomentose with the
midrib slightly prominent undernoath. Racemes very short, terminal,
recurved. Pedicels 1 to \\ lines long, ferruginous-silky as well as the
rhachis. Perianth of G. piinicca but rather larger, ferruginous-silky
outside, densely bearded inside a little below tlie middle, the tube fully
7 lines long, slightly dilated towards the base, incurved under the ob-
lic|uely globular limb. Torus straight. Gland semiannular, scarcely

11 H 2

4G8 civ. puoTEACEiE. [Grci-Ulca.

prominent. Ovary plaLrous, sliortly stipitate ; style not mucli exceed-
ing- tlie periantli, witli a larg-e almost lateral stigmatic disk.

Victoria. I\rntnit Tanibo at an elevation of 5000 ft., F. Mudler. Included ty F.
IMueller (Tians. riiil. Soc. Viit. i. 108, and Hook. Kew Journ. viii.205) in G. Victorice,
liut it appears to nie that both in fuliage and inflorescence it is nearer to G. Jliqueliana,
but distinct froiu botli.

99. G. Victoriae, F. Mvrll. in Trans. PJril. Soc. Vict. i. 107, and in
Hoolt. Kcw Jvurn. viii. 205. An erect handsome shrub of 8 to 12 ft.,
the branches softly tomentose. Leaves petiohite, htnceohite, broad or
narrow, mostly acute, with recurved marg-ins, 2 to 4 in. long-^ g-labrous,
often shining and prominently penniveined above, silk3'-pubescent un-
derneath with tlie midrib alone prominent. Flowers in rather loose
terminal racemes on short recurved peduncles often branched, the
rhachis of each raceme ^ to 1 in. long-, tomentose. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines
long'. Perianth ferruginous-silky outside, bearded inside rather below
the^middle, the tube 7 or 8 lines long, slightly dilated below the
middle, incurved under the very obhque g-lobular hmb. Torus
straig-ht. Gland semiannular. Ovary glabrous, stipitate ; style not
much exceeding- the perianth, with a hiteral stigmatic disk. Fruit
rather narrow, about | in. long. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 353.

Victoria. Jlount Aberdeen, Mount Latrobe, Enffalo Range, F. Mueller.

Var. ? leptoneura. Leaf-veins nmch less proniinent, tbe leaves obtiise, and the peri-
anth slender as in G. punicea, but with the shorter style of G. Victorice. — Scurces of
the Genoa river, F. Mueller.

100. G. punicea, li. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 169, Prud. 376. An
erect shrub, the young- branches silky-tomentose. Leaves shortly petio-
late, oblong- elHptical or ahnost oval, obtuse witli a small callous point,
the margins recurved, all nnder 1 in. long- in some specimons, a few ex-
ceeding 2 in. in otliers, ghibroiis often shining- and obscurely penniveined
above and frequently with a prominent marginal or inter-marginal
nerve, silvery-silky or ferruginous underneath with the mich'ib alone
prominent. Racemes very short, rather dense, ahnost sessile at the ends
of the branches, very spreading or recurved. PecUcels 1 to 2 lines long',
tomentose as well as the rhachis. Perianth slightly silky outside,
densely bearded inside above the middle, tli<' tube narrow, 5 or 6 lines
long", revolute under the obliquely globuiar limb. Torus straig-ht.
Gland semiannular, not very prominent. Ovary glabrous, stipitate
but scarcely thicker than the stipes and the long- style ; stig-matic disk
very oblique or lateral. Fruit |- in long. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv.
354; Bot. Reg. t. 1319; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1357 ; Reichb. Icon. Exot.
t. 105 ; Lysanihe spcciosa, Knight, Prot. 118.

N. S. TVales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, li. Brown, Sieler, n. 31,
and sevcral othcrs.

101. G. oleoides, Sich. in Bocm. and Schult. Sy-^t. iii. Mant. 277. An
erect shrub, closcly allied to G. ]jiinicca and probably a variety only, witli
the same indumentum venation of leaves flowers and fruit, but the leaves
are longer and narrower, 2 to 4 in. long and linear or lanceolate, and

Grevillea.] civ. proteace^. 469

the racemes aro mostly sessile in tlie axils of the leaves or terminatin^
verj short axinarv branches. — R. Br. Prot. Nov. 17 ; Meissn. in DC.
Prod. xiv. 353 ; Reichb. Icon. Exot. t. 104, G. Sei/mowue, Sweet ;
Meissn. l.c. 354, (partly),

W. S. 'VITales. Blue Monntains ? Si''ler. n. 35 ; Georc:e'f? river, 3Iacarthur, n.
21-4; near Appin, i?acMo«se; lllawarra, ^4. Cunningham, Fraser.

Var. dimorjDha Leaves ratlier niore rigiil, lanceolate in sonie specimens, linear in
others, racemes mnre constantly axillary antl flowers sometimes but not always rather
snialler. — 6^. dlmorpha, V. Mu '11. iu Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 21, and in Hook. Kew
Journ. viii. 206; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 353.

Victoria. Grampians, Mitchell, Wilhelmi, Rohertson, F. Mueller.

102. G. trinervis, 7?. Br. Prot. Nov. 18. A low rig-id spreading-
shrub with the habit of and closely allied to G. jwiiperina, the branches
softly tomentose. Leaves hmceohite or linear, rig-id and pungent-pointed,
with recurved or revohxte marg-ins, under 1 in. long, g-hibrous above
and prominently 3 nerved, but the Lateral nerves sometimes close to
the marg-in, silky-tomentose underneath. Racemes short, dense, ter-
minaL Pedicels very short or rarely nearly 2 Hnes lonfi*. Perianth
silky-pubescent outside, densely bearded inside about the middle, the
tube about ^ in. long-, sHg'htly dihited below the middle, revohite under
the g-lobular Hmb. Torus nearly straig-ht. Ghmd semiannuhir, sHg-htly
prominent. Ovary glabrous, stipitate ; style rather long-, with a broad
lateral stig-matic disk umbonate in the centre. — Meissn. in DC. Prod.
xiv. 3G3.

N. S. Wales. Argyle County and near Batlmrst, Fraser, Macarthur, Woolls ;
Campden, Leichhardt ; Clarence rivor, Beclder ; heads of Plastings and Macleay rivers,
C. Moore.

103. G. juniperina, 7?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 171, Prod. 377.
An erect and bushy or spreading- shrub, the branches softly tomentose
or viUous. Leaves very spreading-, Hnear-subiUate, rig-id and pung-ent-
pointed, with revoHite marg-ins, i to | or rarely 1 in. long", ghibrous and
1-nerved or rarely 2-nerved above, silky-pubescent underneath. Ra-
cemes very short, almost umbel-Hke, sessile, terminah Pedicels mostly
I to 1 Hne long-. Perianth silky-pubescent outside, bearded inside about
the middle, usually pale yeHow and g-reen but often more or less ting-ed
with red, the tube 5 to 0 Hnes long-, sHg-htly dilated below the middle,
revohite under the g-lobuhir Hmb. Torus nearly straig-ht. Gland semi-
annuhar, sHg-htly prominent. Ovary g'hibrous, stipitate ; style rather
long-, with a broad ahiiost hiteral stig-matic disk. Fnut about 4 Hnes
long'. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 363; Guillem. Ic. Ph Austrah t. 8;
Bot. Reg-. t. 1089 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1003.

N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mouiitains, E. Brown, Sieher, n. 34, and
others (all with the perianth more or less tinged witli red).

Var. sulphurea. Perianth withont anv or scai-cely any red tint. — G sidphurea, A.
Cnnn. in biehl, N. S. Wales, 329 ; R. Br., Prot. Nov. 17; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv.
3G2; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1723; G. aciphiUa, Sieb. Pl. Exs.; G. acicularit, Eoem.
and Schult. Syst. iii. I\Iant. 278 ; G. acifolia, Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 46.— Blue
Mountains? Sieher, n. 28 ; Cox's river, A. Cunningham, Fraser ; Berrima, Macarthur ;
oa the Murrumbidgee, Woolls.

470 civ. PROTEACEai:. [Grevillea.

The piiik and tlie yellow-flowered speciiuens are not Jistinguishable wben dry, and
Ihe red tinge appears to be very variable.

Series C. Serice.e. — Flowers numerous in short dense racemes,
Periantli-tube under i lines long. Leaves entire. Species all Eastern.

104. G. sericea, 7?. Br. in Tram. Linn. Soc. x. 170, Prod. 3?G. An
erect spreading- or ditfuse slindj, tlie branches rather slender, silky-
pubescent and often ang-ukir when young-. Leaves very shortly petio-
late, oblong--lanceokite or almost linear, mucronate, with recurved mar-
gins, h to 1 in. long", or twice as long- when narrow, g-labrous or spar-
ingly silky above and more or less distinctly penniveined, closely silky-
tomentose underneath with the midrib aloneprominent. Racemes very
dense, rather short, on short terminal peduncles. Pedicels i to li lines
long-. Perianth more or less pink, silky-pubescent outside, densely
bearded inside about the middle, the tube 2 to nearly 4 lines long-,
slig-htly dilated below the middle, revolute under the small globular
limb. Torus straight. Glaud semiannular, entire or 2-lobed. Ovary
g-labrous, stipitate ; style rather long-, slender, with a larg-e lateral stig--
matic disk Fruit about h iu. long-. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 354;
Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 880 ; Reichb. Ic. et Descr. Pl. t. 76 ; Emhothrium
sericeirm, Sm. Specim. Bot. ISov. Holl. 25, t. 9 ; Andr. Bot. Rep. t. lOO ;
Embothrinm cytisoides Cav. Ic. iv. 60, t. 386 ; Grevillea dubia, R. Br. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 169, Prod. 376 ; Meissn. l.c. ; Bot. Mag-. t. 3798 ;
Lysunthe sericea and L. cijtisifoUa, Knig-ht, Prot. 118, 119.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountaiiis, R. Brown, Sieher, n. 38, and
many others.

Var. diffusa. Leaves narrow, branches scarcely angular. — G. diffusa, Rieb. in
Eoeni. aiid Schult. Syst. iii. Waiit. 279, and in Spreng" Syst. Cur. Po.-,t. 4() ; R. Br.
Prot. Nov. 17; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. Soo. — Port Jackson or Blue Mountaiiis,
Sieher, n. 36. Tiiis seems to me scarcely to forni a distinct variety. G. 'platiifolia,
Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1737, referred by Meissner to G. Seymuuriit, seems to me from the
figiire to be a narrow-ieaved specimen of G. sericea, with darkercoloured tiowers.

The perianth in tliis species is rather less slender thaii iii tlie following ones, and
connectti them witli G. punicea.

105. G. capitellata, Meissn. in BC. Prod. xiv. 356. A low spread-
ing shrub, the young- biaaches densely pubescent or villous. Leaves
very shortly petiolate, oblong--lanceolate or almost linear, obtuse or
with a calious ])oint, the margins revolute, 1 to 2 in. long-, glabrous
above and distautly jienniveined, silky-tomentose or villous uuderneath.
Racemes short, very dense, shortly pedunculate, terminal. Pedicels
very .-;hort, villous as well as the rhachis. Perianth densely villous
outside, bearded inside about the middle, the tube sleuder, 2 to^^^i lines
long-, recurved ouly under the g-lobular limb. Torus straight. Gland
semiannular. Ovary g-labrous, stipitate ; style not very Tong-, with a
larg-e lateral stigmatic disk.

N. S. Wales. Blawarra, A. Cunningham, Shepherd. — Very near the var. diffu.sa
of G. sericea, but inoic villous, the leaves longer aud more veined, and the pcrianth
smaller and more fcleiider.

GreviUca.] civ. protkace^. 471

lOG. G. leiophylla, F. Jfiidl. Ilcrh. Stems iu all tlie specimens
seen erect from a thick rhizome, simple or branched, scarcely above 1
ft. hig-h, the whole phmt except tlie inlioresceuce giabrous or sprinkled
with a fevv rare uppressed hairs. Leaves linear or linear-hiuceohite,
mucronate-acute, shortly contracted at the base, 1 to near 2 in. long-,
with reciirved or revolute marg-ins or quite llat, g-reen on both sides,
veiuless except the promineut midrib, Inlloresceuce of P. Unearis, the
flowers rather smaller but of the same structure, and with the same
douse tuft uf hairs in the periauth-tube.

Queensland. Glassliouse langes, Moreton Baj', F. Mueller, and probalily from tlie
same neiiihbourliootl, Leichhardt. 1 liave been unable to ascertaiu whetber F. Jlueller
has published this species, or whether he subsequently cousiJered it as au outlying
vaiiety of (?. Unearis.

107. G. linearis, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 170, Prod. 376. An
erect or spreading- shrub attaining- 5 or 6 ft., the brauches and young'
shoots minutely silk^^-pubescent. Leaves linear or rarely liuear-
lauceohite, acute, with revolute marg-ins, contracted at the base and
sometimes shortly petiohite, 1 to 1| in. loug- and spreading- iu some
specimens, in others more rigid narrow aud '2 to 8 iu. loug-, g'labrous
above, silk3'-tomeutose uuderueath, the midrib alwa^^s prominont under-
neath aud sometimes ou both sides. Flowers small, in short dense
somewhat secuud racemes, sessile or pedunculate at the ends of the
branihos or in the upper axils. Pedicels 1 to 2 liues loug-, silky-
tomentose as well as the rhachis. Periauth silky-pubescent outside,
densely bearded inside about the middle, the tube slender, 2i to near
3 lines long-, revolute under the g-lobular limb. Torus straig-ht. Gland
semiannular, scarcely promiueut. Ovary g-labrous, stipitate ; style
filiform, but little exceediug- the periauth, with a very oblique or lateral
stig-matic disk. — Meissu. iu DC. Prod. xiv. 355 ; I3ot. Mag-. t. 2GG1 ;
Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 50, 858 ; Reichb. Ic. et Descr. Pl. t. 7Q ; Enibothrium
lineare, Audr. Bot. Rep. t. 272 ; F. UnearifuUum, Cav. Ic. iv. 59, t. 38G ;
Lysanthc UnariafaUa, Kuvj;h.t, Prot. 119; GrcviUca riparia, R. Br. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 170, Prod. 377; Meissn. l.c. 355; G. stricta, H.
Br. 11. cc. ; Meissu. l.c. 35G.

N. S. ^Vales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountaius, B. Broion, Sicher, n. 30,
and niau}- others. R. Browu's three species, judging from his owu specimens only,
difter considerably in the length, breadth, more or less revolute margins and rigidity of
the leaves, but in the nuraerous other speciraens before me pass so gradually one into
the othcr that I have been uuable to surt them iuto distiuct varieties. Eudlicher'.s
figure of G. riparia, lconogr. t. 33, represeuts the fiowers rather larger and more secuud
thau I have usually fouiid them. The few short hairs near the summit of the style
coramented upou by Meissner, occur occasionally iu this and in several of the allied
species.

108. G. confertifolia, F. MncU. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 22, and
in liooh. Kcw Journ. viii. 207. A rigid spreading* shrub, the young'
slioots minutely silky-pubesceut. Leaves often crowded, narrow-linear,
rigid, mucronate aud ofteu pungent-])oiuted, with revolute margins,
I to l^ iu. loug-, more or less distinctly 3-uerved above, the midrib very

472 civ. PROTEACEiE. [GrcviUva.

promincnt nndernoiitli. Racpnies short, donse, somewliat seciind,
sessile, terminal. Pedicels about 2 lines long-, silky-pubescent as well
as the rliachis. Perianth silkv-pubescent outside, bearded inside about
the middle with a tuft of redexed liairs, tlie tube slender, 2 to 2^ lines
long-, revolute under the g-lobular limb. Torus straig'ht. Gland semi-
annular, sli<ilitly prominent. Ovary giabrous, stipitate ; stvle not
much exceeding- the perianth, with a very oblique or lateral stig-matic
disk. — Meissn. in DC. Prod, xiv. 3G8.

Victoria. Snmmitsof Jlount William in the Orampians, Wilhelmi, F. Mxieller —
Very near G. linenris auJ G. parcijiora, wiiU tlie flowers of the former ancl the leaves
nearly of the hitter.

109. G. parviflora, R. Br. in Trans. Linti. Soc. x. 171, Prod. S77.
An erect busln^ shrub of 3 to 6 ft., the branches and young- shoots
minutely pubescent, the foliag-e giabrous or sprinkled with a few silky
hairs. Leaves ver}^ narrow linear, acute, with revolute margins, | to
Ih in. long', doubly g-rooved underneath by the prominence of the
midrib and margins. Flow^ers small, in very short umbel-Iike racemes
shortly pedunculate and mostly terminal. Pedicels li to 2 lines long-,
silky-])ubcscent as well as the rhachis. Perianth silky-pubcscent out-
side, very minutely or scarcely bearded insule, the tube slender, about
1| lines long-, revolute under the giobular limb. Torus straight. Gland
scarcely prominent. Ovary giabrous, shortly stipitate. Style filiform,
scarcely exceeding- the perianth ; stig'raatic disk very oblique or lateral.
Fruit l to h in. long-. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 36? ; G. micrantha,
Meissu. in Linucea, xxvi. 358, and in DC. l.c.

N. S. Wales. Blue Mountains, R. Brown ; ILawarra, ShejjJierd ; Camdcn,
Leicrduirdt.

Victoria. IMitta-Mitta, upper branches of the Genoa river, F. Mueller ; Skipton
anil Creswick, Wlian ; Portlancl, Eohertnon.

Var. (iciiaria, F. Muell. Leaves shorter and more rigid.

S. Australia. Kangaroo Island, Waterhouse.

110. G. australis, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 171, Prod. 377.
A much-branched shrub sometimes erect and 3 or 4 ft. higii, sometimes
very spreading- and under 1 ft., or prostrate and clinging- to rocks, the
branches and young- shoots minutely pubescent. Leaves linear or rarelv
oblong-, with rigid often pungent points, the margins eitlier closel}' re-
volute concealing- the under surface or recurved only, contracted at the
base but scarcely petiolate, from under i in. to nearly 1 in. long-, gia-
brous above, the under surface when exposed more or less silky-tomen-
tose. Flowers small, in short umbel-Iike racemes, sessile or shortly
pedunculate, terminal or in the upper axils. Pedicels h to 1 line long-
in llower, rarely 2 lines long* in fruit, tomentose as well as the rhachis.
Perianth silky-pubescent outside, shortly bearded inside, the tube
slender, scarcely exceeding- 2 lines, recurved under the giobular limb.
Torus straigiit. Gland scarcely prominent. Ovary giabrous, shortly
stipitate ; style filiform, scarcely exceeding- the perianth, thickened
under the very oblique stig-matic disk. Fruit elli])soid or ovoid, ^ to i^

Greoillea.] Civ. proteace.e. 473

in. lono-._Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 359 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 322 ;
G. teHi/iJblia, K. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 171, Prod. 377.

Victoria. SoiiiTes of tlie Yarra, Baw-l«iw, Haidinger aiid Cobra ranges, Mount
"\Vi"llin<;ton, ascemling to OdOO ft., F. MueUer ; Torlland, Allitt.

Tasmania. Derwent river and Port Dalrvmple, B.Broiun; abnndant tliroughout
the coion y, asccntling to 4000 it., /. D. Hooizcr.

J. D. Hookcr lias carefully distitiguished seven Tasmanian varieties according to
the erect, spreading or prostrate habit, and the length and breadth of the leaves, the
Ip.ttcr charactcr dcpcnding however oltcn on the degree in wliich the niargins iiave
become revoiute in drying. The niost remarkable variety is the planifJia, Hoolv. f, in
■which the leaves are 4 to | in long and 1 to 2 iines broad, with the midrib prominent above,
although as in all other fornis scarcely couspicuous underneath. G. tStuartii, Meissn.
in Linnrea xxvi. 357, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 355, appears to me to be a very luxuriant
form of the \a,\\e\y planifolia, with the leaves l^ in. long, lilce those of some specimens
of 0. linearis, but with smaller flowers, and the midrib not prominent underneath.

Series 3. OcciBENTALEs. — Flowers mimerous in dense racemes or
lieads. Periantli-tiibe nnder 4 lines long-. Leaves entire or divided.
Fruit usually (but not always) rug-ose or tuberculate. Western species.

111. G. commutata, F. Mvell. Fragm. vi. 207. A sprending- sbrub
of 4 to 12 ft. tbe young" sboots minutely silky-tomentose or ferrug-inous.
Leaves bnear, sometimes ratber broad or bnear-cuneate, entire or very
rarely 2- or 3-tootbed, witb revolute margins, lito 3 in. long', g-bibrous
and smootb above, silky or ferruginous underneatb. Racemes dense,
sbort or oblong-, on peduncles of | to 1 in., usually several tog-etber in
a sbort terminal panicle. Pedicels 1 to l^ lines long-, pubescent as well
as tbe rliacbis. Periantb silky-pubescent outside, bearded inside witb
a ring" of bairs about tbe middle, tbe tube slender, about 2 Hnes long-,
revolute under tbe globular Hmb. Torus straigbt. Gland scarcely
prominent. (Jvary glabrous, on a sbort stipes ; style fibform ; stigmatic
disk very oblirpie or lateral. Fruit rug'ose.

W. Australia. Murchison river, OlJfield.

112. G. pinnatisecta, F. Mi/eU. Young- sboots silky-pubescent.
Leaves variously divided into narrow-bnear segments, very rarely
linear-lanceobite and entire, glabrous and smootb above, tbe midrib antl
revolute marg-ins prominent underneatb, silky-pubescent between tbem
Avben broad enougli to expose tbe under stu^face, tbe wbole leaf from
imder 2 in. to nearly G in. long-. Racemes sbort and dense, on sbort
terminal often brancbed peduncles, tbe rbacbis tomentose. Pedicels 1
to 2 bnes long-, silkA^-pubescent. Periantb silk^^-pubescent outside,
bearded inside witb a ring- of bairs about tbe middle, tbe tube slender,
not 2 bnes long-, revobite under tbe small globular bmb. Torus
straig-bt. Gland prominent, semiannular. Ovary glabrous, on a ratber
long- stipes ; style fibform, witb a very oblique or lateral stigmatic disk.
Fruit oblong-, sHgbtly rugose, 4 to 5 Hnes long-.

TV. Australia. Between Moore and Murcliison rivers, Drummond, Mh coll. v.
184. JMeissner, who had only secn the fruiling specimens, includcd theui in his G.
Hooleriana, which dificrs however widcly in the perianth, the villons ovary, &c. F.
Mueller, Fragm. vi. 208, thinlvs they may form a varicty only of (?. commutata.

4:74: civ. PROTEACE^E. [GnvUlea.

113. G. argyrophylla, Mcissn. in Ilouh. Kcw Juvrn. vii. 75, and in
DC. Prud. xiv. 807. A slirub, probably tall, nearly allied to G. divcrsi-
fuliu, biit •\vith a more silvery aspect, more obtuse leaves and more p'lo-
bular racemes. Leaves lanceolate or oblong--cuneate, obtuse or with a
small callous point, entire or shortly and obtusely 2-lol)ed, tapering-
into a short potiole, 1 to \h in. lonp-, o'hibrous and veined above, more
or less silvery-silky undcrneath. Racemes numerous, small, nearly
globular, on iiliibrm axillary peduncles. Flowers small, crowded on
the very short pubescent rhachis. Pedicels scarccly 1 line long*. Pe-
rianth pubescent with appressed hairs, the tube slender, aboiit 1 line
long', revolute under the giobular limb, Torus straigiit. Gland broad,
semicircular. Ovar}' giabrous, shortly stipitate ; style filiform, with an
orbicular oblique stigmatic disk. Fruit about 4 lines long-, more or
less rugose.

W. Australia. Murchison rivcr, Ohlfeld, Drummond, Gth coll. n. 179.

114. G. brachystachya, Jlcis.m. in Pl. Prciss. ii. l?o-l-, and in DC.
Prud. xiv. '^QQ. liranches virgate, the young ones hoary-pubescent
and often angular, the foliage giabrous or sprinkled with minute ap-
pressed hairs. Leaves erect, narrow-linear, thick and rigid, smootli
above, doubly g-rooved underneath by the very prominent midrib and
revolute marg-ins, 2 to 4 in. long. Racemes very short and dense,
terminal, almost sessile, the rhachis villous. Pedicels hirsute, about 2
lines long-. Perianth more or less pubescent, especially the limb, with
spreading- giandular hairs, the tube slender, scarcely 3 lines long-, re-
curved under the giobular limb. Torus straight, without any giand.
Ovary giubrous, on a rather long stipes; style iiliform Avith a lateral
orbicular stigmatic disk. Fruit | in. long-, smooth.

W. Australia, Drummond, 2nd coll. n. 319; Murchison river, Oldfield.

115. G. Endlicheriana, Mcissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 646, a7id in DC. Prod.
xiv. 356. An erect shrub attaining- 7 ft., with virg-ate branches, silky
when young-, but soon giabrous. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate,
the point often recurved, tapering- into a short petiole, the lower ones 2
to 4 in. long-, those on the side shoots and the tioral ones much reduced
and often distant, ilat or with recurved margins, silvery-silky on botli
sides, the midrib sligiitly prominent above, inconspicuous underneath,
tlie u])per leaves sometimes almost terete. Kacemes dense, oblong-, ^
to I in. long, shortly pedunculate, terminal or in the axils of short or
almost abortive iloral leaves. Bracts imbricate on the young buds but
falling- away very earh'. Pedicels under 1 line long. Perianth gia-
brous outside, slightly villous inside, tlie tube about 2 lines long-,
slender as in others of this section but opening only on the lower side as
in EuiircviUca, revolute under the giobular limb. Torus straight. Gland
semiannular. Ovary giabrous, stipitate ; style long-, iiliform, with an
oblique orbicular stig-matic disk.

W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll. n. G30, Pra^s, n. 698, Oldjleld.

Grevillea.] civ, rROTEACE.E. 475

116. G. manglesioides, Meissn. in Pl. Prtis.t. i. 547, ii. 255, and
in DC. Prud. xiv. oi()8. A loosely-branclied slirub attaining- 8 ft., the
young- sboots silky-ferrug-inous. Leaves eitlier entire and from lanceo-
late to obovate-oblong-, or cuneate and 8- or 5-toothed or lobed at tbe
end, tbe teetb or lobes niucronate, contracted into a sbort petiole or
nearlv sessile, 1 to li in. long" and sometimes nearly as broad wben
lobed, <>bibrous and veined above, more or less silky or ferrug-inous
underneatb. Kacemes terminal or on short axiKary shoots, peduncu-
late or nearly sessile, the llowers crowd-^d on a tomentose rhachis of
about h in. and usually secund. PecUcels slender, about 1 line long*.
Periantb nearly glal)rous outside, bearded inside above tbe middle, the
tube slender, about 2 lines long-, revolute under the small g-lobular limb.
Torus straig-ht. Ghmd semiannuhir. Ovary g-hxbrous, stipitate ; style
fiHform, with an obhcjue or lateral orbicuhxr stig-matic disk. Fruit about
^ in. long-, slig-btly tuberculate-rug'ose.

TV. Australia, Drummond, 2nd coll. n. 317, 318, ayidsuppl.n. 11; Vasse river,
Preiss, n. 120 ; Blackwood river, Walcott.

Var.? angustisslma. Leaves narrow-linear, 2 iii. long or more, ferniginous or silky
underneath. Pedicels ratlier longer. Flowers tlie same. — W. Austialia, Drummond.

117. G. diversifolia, BTeissn. in Pl. Prciss. i. 647, ii. 255, DC. Prod.
xiv. 368. A tall shrub attaining- sometimes 12 ft., quite g-labrous or
with a very slig-bt pubescence on the young" shoots and inllorescence.
Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, mucronate-acute, the margins revo-
lute, contracted into a short petiole or nearly sessile, \h to 2^ in. long,
entire or with 2 or 3 divaricate lobes at the end, giabrous on botb sides,
1- or 3-nerved. Racemes very short and dense, nearly sessile or on
slender peduncles, mostly axillary, the rhacbis nearly glabrous and
rarely 2 lines long*. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long'. Perianth slightly
silky-pubescent outside, bearded inside below the middle, tbe tube
slender, scarcely above 1 line long-, revolute under the giobular limb.
Torus straigiit. Gland small, semiannular. Ovary giabrous, very
shortly stipitate; style filiform, witli an orbicular very oblique or
lateral stig-matic disk. Fruit above ^ in. long-, smooth or slightly
tuberculate.

Vr. Australia, Drummond, 2nd coll. n. 316, suppl. n. 55, 56 ; Vasse river, Preiss,
n. 697 ; Stirling ranges, Maxwell.

Var.? riyida, Meissn. Leaves shorter and more rigid, sliglitly silky underneath.
riowers not seen. Fruit very rugose. Perhaps a distinct species. — W. Australia,
Drummond, \st coll. 4th coll. n. 286.

118. G. filifolia, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 547, and in DC. Prod. xiv.
365. Branches slender, at leng-th giabrous. Leaves semiterete, filiform,
4 to 6 in. long', not rigid, hooked at the end, silky, nerveless, obscurely
grooved above or nearly Hat. Racemes terminal or axillary, peduncu-
late, short and dense. Pedicels 2 lines long", giabrous. Perianth about
2 lines long-, giabrous outside, bearded inside. Gland prominent, semi-
annular. Ovary giabrous, stipitate ; style filiform, with an oval lateral
sti"matic disk.

476 civ. PROTEACEiE. [GrcvUlea.

W. Australia, Preiss, n. G99. I liave not seen this species. From tlie siliove
clianutcr takeii froiii Meissiier it appears to difler froin G. hakeoides cbiefly in its niucli
longer It-aves.

110. G. hakeoides, Mcissn. in Pl. Prciss. ii. 252, and iti DC. Prod.
xiv. 3Go. A Imsliy slirul) with the habit of the slender terete-leaved
Hahcrf, the yoiinj^- shoots minutely silky-pubescent, tlie older foliaLie
glabrous. Leaves linear-terete, rio'id but slender, slij.;'htly gTooved,
not ])uno'ont, 1 to 2 in. long-. Flowers very small, in very siiort dense
racemes either terminal or in the upper axils, the rhachis pubescent.
Pedicels 1 to l.V lines long-. Perianth gdabrous inside and out, scarcely
l^ lines long-, the tube slender, revolute iinder tlie g-lobular limb. Torus
straiglit. Gland semiannnlar, prominent. Ovtiry g-labrous, shortly
stipitate ; style liliform, with u very oblique or lateral orbicular stig-matic
disk. Fruit 3 to 4 lines loug", rug-ose.

^V. Australia, Drummond, 2nd coll. n. 325, 326.

120. G. teretifolia, Mcissn. in Pl. Prciss. ii. 255, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 373. A rigid shrub, quite g-labrous or the young- branches mi-
nutely pubescent. Leaves linear-terete, mostly 3-lid witli the lateral
branclies ag-ain trifid or bifid, the seg-ments rig-id, pung-ent-pointed,
sing'ly or doubly gTooved, from 3 or 4 lines to 1 in. long-, the common
petiole about as long- as the branches or segments. Racemes very
short and dense, terminal or on short axillary shoots, sessile or nearly
so, the whole inflorescence as well as the flowers g-labrous or sprinkled
with a few appressed hairs. Pedicels 1 to li lines long'. Perianth
scarcely above 2 lines long-, shortly bearded inside above the mitldle,
the tube slender, revolute under the obliquely globular limb. Torus
straig'ht. Gland semiannular. Ovary g-labrous, on a rather long' stipes ;
style flliform, witli an orbicular lateral stigmatic disk. Fruit (if correctly
matched) 3 to 4 lines long', rug"ose.

\ir. Australia, Drummond, Srd coll. n. 271 (in flower), Baxter (in fruit). The
foliage is tiiat of U. triteruata and of G. anethifolia, but the flowers are very different
froni thosc of either specics. Baxter's frniting speciraen appears to conespond witli
the one whicii Brown referred to G. anetliifolia, but in tliat tliere was probabiy some
mistake, as Baxtcr did not collect in tiie interior of N. S. Wales.

121. G. erynsioides, Bcnfh. A rigid stout undershrub or shrub,
the foliag-e and loafy jtart of the stern glabrous and very g-laucous.
Leaves deeply pinnatifid, with few obovate or oblong- lobes broadlv
decurrent on the rhachis and to the base of the potiole, all obtuse or
with a callous point, undulate and penniveined, the Avhole letif usuallv
8 to 5 in. long-. Upper j)art of the branches erect, leafless, sometime^s
above 1 ft. long-, bearing- several oblong- or cylindrical dense racemes
of f to 1 in., on peduncles of sevoral inches, usually tomentose-pubes-
cent as well as the rhachis. Bracts broadly ovate, membranous and
colourod, falling- oft" shortly before the flowors expand. Pedicels about

1 line long-. Poriantli g-labrous inside and out, the tube slonder, abuut

2 lines long-, revoluto under tho larg-e vory oblique limb. Torus straight.
Gland semiannular, but scarcelv prominent. Ovarv ii-labrous, on a lone:

Grevillcn.] civ. PROTEACEiE. 477

stipes ; style filiforni, somewhat thickened under the orbicular lateral
stiymatic disk.

\V. Australia, Drummond, n. 16. The foliage of tliis specics bears biit little
reseuiblaiite to tliat of aiiy other Proteaceous phmt.

122. G. bracteosa, Mcissn. in Pl. Prciss. ii. 25'1, and in DC. Prod. xiv.
366. Branches eh)ng-ated, pubescent with short apj^ressed liairs when
young-, the adult tbbag^e glabrous. Leaves distant or here and there
crowded, very narrow-linear, entire or deeply divided into 3 seg"ments,
rigid but not pungent, doubly grooved underneath, 1 to 3 in. long-.
Racemes very short or oblong, dense, peduncuhUe, terminal or along'
ahnost leatless llowering branches. Bi-acts hirg-e, membranous, coloured,
but falling- off before the llowers expand. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long-.
Perianth ghibrous, 3 lines long- but very much revolute, the upper
seg"ments much shorter. Torus straight. Gland sHghtly prominent,
semiannuhir. Ovary glabrous, on a long* stipes ; style filiform, shghtly
thickened under the very oblic|ue or hiteral stigmatic disk,

W. Australia, Drummond, Zrdcoll. n. 269.

123. G. crithmifolia, B. Br. Prot. Nov. 23. A bushy shrub of 1
to 4 ft., the branches softly tomentose-pubescent, the foliag-e sprinkled
Avith a few hairs or at length glabrous. Leaves rather crowded, narrow-
linear, pinnately divided into 3 to 5 segments on a short common
petiole or here and there entire, obtuse or scarcely acute, thick but flat,
doubly g-rooved underneath, the whole leaf usiuilly under 1 in, long-,
Racemes very short and dense, sessile, terminal or on very short axil-
hiry branches, surrounded usually by a few imbricate very deciduous
bracts as in Halica, the rhachis villous. Pedicels ghibrous, 2 to 4 hnes
long'. Perianth glabrous, scarcely 2 lines long", the tube slender, revo-
lute under tbe globuhir Hmb. Torus straight. Ghmd more than semi-
annular with a smaH free one at the back of the stipes. Ovary ghibrous,
on a long" stipes ; style HHform ; stigmatic disk very obHc|ue, conical in
the centre. Fruit ovoid, tubercuhir and muricate, |- Hne long-. —
Meissn. in Ph Preiss. i. 544 and in DC. Prod. xiv. 387; G. Sternhergiana,
HortuL (Meissn.).

TV. Australia. Swan river, Fraser, Drummond, Ist coll. n. 625, Preiss, n. 599,
690, and others.

124. G . trachytheca, F. Macll. Frar/m. vi. 207. A tall shrub at-
taining 8 to 10 ft., the young- branches densely clothed with a soft
fulvous tomentum. Leaves sessile, narrow-Hnear, mucronate-acute,
entire or 3-lobed, f to 1| in. long-, rather thick, smootli above, doubly
gTooved underneath. Racemes cyHndrical, terminal, not dense, IJ to
3 in. long, the Hnear bracts sometimes persisting tiU the flowers are
nearly out, the rhachis softly viHous. Pedicels riHform, 1 to 1-|- Hnes
long. Flowers small and numerous. Perianth glabrous, the tube
slender, about 1 Hne long, much revoHite under the globuhir Hmb.
Torus straight, without any gland. Ovary glabrous, very shortly
stipitate ; style long, fiHform, with a very obHque stigmatic cone some-

478 Civ. PROTEACEiE. [GrcvUlca.

timcs expanding- into a disk on tlie lower side. Fruit very oblique,
muricate, 4 to 5 linos long-.

W. Australia. Murcliison river, Oldficld. Tliis aml the preceding ppccies con-
nect Lissosli/liti with Conogijne.

Sect. 9. CoNOGYNE. — Racemes dense or rarely slender, sliort or
CTlindrical. Perianth-tube slender, recurved under tbe limb. Torus
straig-ht. Ovary stipitate. Style filiform, with an erect stigmatic
cone.

125. G. triternata, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 21. An erect bushy shrub
of several ft., the young- shoots and inlloresccnce ferruginous or silky-
pubesccnt, the adult foliage g-labrous or nearly so. Leaves twice or
thrice ternately divided into narrow-linear rigid pung-ent-pointed di-
varicate seg"ments doubly grooved underneath, the whole leaf \h to 3 in.
long- and broad. Racemes terminal or in the upper axils, cylindrical,
rather dense, sessile and shorter than the leaves. Pedicels | to noarly
1 line long'. Perianth strigose-pubcscent, the tube slender, undcr 2
lines hjng-, recurvod under the globuhir Hmb. Torus straight. Gland
semiannuhir but scarcely promincnt. Ovary hirsute, contracted into a
short stipes, tapering- into a ratlier thick style ; stig-matic cone erect,
surrounded by a prominent marg-in. Young" fruit like that of G. ra-
mosisshna, from which this species ditFers cliiefly in its narrow leaf-seg-
ments. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 387 ; Aiiadcnia triternata, A. Cunn.
Herb.

N. S. TVales. Lachlan, Cujeegong, and Hunter's rivers, A.Cunningliam, Fraser ;
Namoi river, C. Moore ; 'Me^Xwa.j, Miss Atkinson ; Berrima. and Castlereagh, Woolls.

126. G. ramosissima, Mcissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 388. A bushy or
spreading- shrub of about 2 ft., tlie branches infloresccnce and under
side of tlie leaves clothed with a soft ferruginous almost silky pubescence.
Leaves mostly twice trifid or the primary segments pinnate, with oblong'-
cuneate and 3-toothed or lanccohite and entire seg^ments, all conlluent
and decurrent on the petiole, the teeth or lobes pung-ent-pointed, the
margins recurvcd, the Tipper surface g'labrous often shining- and veined,
the midrib alone prominent underncath, the wliole lcaf IJ to 2 in. long-
in short bushy spccimcns, twice that in hixuriant oncs. Racemes cy-
hndrical, not very dense, 1 to li- in. long*, tcrminal, mostlv scssile and
shortcr than tlie ieaves. Pedicels scarcely h lii^s long-. JPcrianth vil-
lous, rccurved, scarcely 2 hnes hing\ Torus straight, without any g-land.
Ovary liirsute, contracted into a short stipes and tapering' into a rathcr
thick stylc ; stig*matic cone erect, surroundcd by a prominent margin.
Fruit curved, obliqucly bcaked. — Ayiadenia Caleyi, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 16.

N. S. 'Wales. Barren hills north of Bathurst, Liverpool plains, Cujeegong river,
A. Cunningham; Reedy Creek, C.Moore; Goulburn, Backhouse; Macquarrie river,
Fraser.

127. G. monticola, Mcissn. in Pl. Prciss. ii. 259, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 390. A shrub of about 2 ft., glabrous and glaucous, with the

Grcvilica.] CIV. PROTEACEiE. 479

branclies often angular, but less so tlian in G. synapheir. Leaves broadly
ovate, undulate and prickl}' toothed, cuneate at the base but scarcely
petiohite, \h to 2 in. hjn^- or rather more, rigid and strongdy veined.
Racemes peduncuhito in the upj)er axils or 2 or 3 in a short terminal
panicle, ^ to f in. long-. Pedicels fihtbrm, 1 to 2 Hnes k)ng'. Perianth
g'hibrous, the tube slender, about 2 Hnes long", revohite under the
g'lobuhir hmb. Torus straig'ht, without any gdand. Ovary gdabrous,
stipitate ; style rather thick ; stignnatic cone erect, bordered by a pro-
minent margin. — A/iadcnia aqnifolium, Lindh Swan Riv. App. 81 ; G.
aqnijblium, Meissn. in Ph Preiss. i. 551, not of Lindh
"W. Australia. Swan rlver, Drummond, \st coll.

128. G. Muelleri, Bcnth. An undershrub or low shrub with erect
branches of about 1 ft., rather slender and more or less hoary-pubescent.
Lower leaves cuneate or oblong-, 1 to l^ in. long-, toothed at the end;
iipper ones mostly hnear-cuneate or hmceohite, acuminate, with 1 or 2
lateral hmceolate lobes or teeth on each side, contracted into a long-
narrow base, the whole leaf 2 to 4 in. long-, the fioral ones usually
linear, 1 to 2 in. long-, entire or with 2 or 3 rigid divaricate Hnear lobes
at the end ; all the leaves with revohite margins, prominent midribs,
glabrous and smooth above, minutely silky-pubescent underneath. Ra-
cemes very short and dense, ahnost globular, sessile in the upper axils
or terminal. Pedicels filiform, about 2 lines long-. Perianth g-Iabrous,
slender, revolute, about 2 lines long-, "with a globular limb. Torus
straig-ht, without any g-Iand. Ovary g-Iabrous, on a filiform stipes ;
style shortly thickened at the base ; stigmatic cone short, erect, with a
ver}' prominent margin.

■^V. Australia. Summit of Stirling raiige, F. Mueller.

129. G. trifida, Mcissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 553, a>id in DC. Prod. xiv.
389, An erect shrub of 2 or 3 ft., the branches slightly hoary. Leaves
mostly cuneate, rather broad and shortly 3-Iobed or 3-toothed, or nar-
rower with the lobes ag-ain 3-toothed or rarely pinnately 5-Iobed, all
the teeth rig-id and pung-ent-pointed, the margius recurved, the midribs
prominent, the upper surface g'Iabrous, the under often silky, the whole
leaf I to 1 in. long" when broad or l^ in. when narrow ; or in some
specimens the lower undivided portion of tlie leaf narrow-Hnear, 1| in.
long", with 2 or 3 short divaricate lobes at tlie end or some of the upper
ones quite entire. Racemes axillary, sessile, dense, shorter than the
leaves or scarcely exceeding- tliem, the rhachis pubescent. Pedicels 1
to 2 lines long-, filiform, gdabrous. Perianth g-Iabrous, " pale yellow,"
slender, revolute, nnder 2 lines long", the limb g'IobuIar, prominently 4-
ribbed. Torus straight, without ^aj g-Iand. Ovary glabrous, on a
short stipes. Style filiform ; stig-matic cone short, erect, with a broadly
prominent margin. Fruit nearh' smooth. — Anadenia trijida, R. Br. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 107, Prod. 375 ; Prot, Nov. 16.

■W. Australia. King George'8 Sound and adjoining districts, R. Brown, Baxter
A. CunniHyham, Preiss, n. 701, and others.

480 civ. PROTEACE^. [GrcvUlca.

130. G. synapheae, /?. Br. Prot. Nov. 23. An undershruL of 1 to 2
ft., quite «ilabrous nnd jilaucous or the 3'ounfi' shoots minutely j)u])escent,
the branclies acutely ang-uhir. Leaves on a hjny linear-cuneate base
deeply 3-hjbed, the hjbes cuneate and shortly 3-h)bt'd 3-toothed or here
and there hmceohite and entire, or the central one aj^-ain 3-toothed, the
lobes all rather broad, llat. mostly pung-ent-pointed, the whole leaf 2 to
4 in. hmg". Racemes dense, ^ to 1 in. long-, pedunculate iu the upper
axils or 3 or 4 forming* a terminal panicle. Pedicels lihform, |^ to 1 in.
long'. Perianth glabrous, slender, revolute, nearly 2 lines loug-, the
limb g"lobuh^r. Torus straiglit, without any gland. Ovary g'labrous,
stipitate ; style rather tliick and Hat; stig-matic cone short, erect, with
a prominent margin. Fruit tuberculate-rug"ose, curved, about \ in.
long-. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 552, ii. 259, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 390;
Anadoiia iiriicUis^ Lindl. >Swan Riv. App. 3L

VT. Australia. Swan rivi^r, Fraser, Druinmond, \st colL, 2nd coll. n. 313, Preis-i,
n. 702 (partly) 706.

131. G. flexuosa, Mrissn. i/i Pl. Preiss.i. 553, and in DC. Prod. xiv.
389. Glal)rous and glaucous with elong-ated branches. Leaves pinnate,
the common rhachis llexuose terete or dilated and concave, 3 to 6 in.
long" or even more ; seg"ments8 to 12 or more, distant, deeply pinnatilid,
contluent or petiolate, with lanceolate or triang-ular divaricate lobes,
rigid and pungent-pointed. Racemes cylindrical, dense, 1 to 1| in.
long", pedunculate in the upper axils or 2 or 3 in a terminal panicle.
Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long. Perianth gdabrous, slender, revolute, above
2 lines long* ; limb broadh' g-lobular. Torus straight, without any gland.
Ovary g-labrous, on a rather long- stipes ; style filiform ; stig-matic cone
short, erect, with a prominent margin. — Anadenia Jicxuosa, Lindl. Swan
Riv. App. 31.

■Vtr. Australia, Dntmmond, Ist. coll. n. 613.

Var.? paiiciloha. Leaves reduced to 3 linear lanceolate segrnents, or to 5 with the
lower pair tiifiJ at the base. — Darling range, Oldjield, iragmeutaiy speciiuens pnssibly
taken trom a siJe-branch ot' the normal rorm, or IVom souie abnornial specimen of G.
si/napJtecB.

132. G. leptobotrya, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 256, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 388. A slender ditiuse or procumbent shrub, quite glabrous or
sprinkled with minute appressed hairs. Leaves on long- slender petioles,
mostly twice pinnate, with linear or linear-lanceolate rig-id acute divari-
cate seg-ments, with recurved marg-ins, smooth above, witli the midrib
prominent underneath, the wliole leaf often 2 to 4 in. long- and broad, on
a common petiole at least as long* ; or sometimes the lower leaves or
those of the slender branches sim])ly pinnate with narrow cuneate seg*-
ments deeply divided into 3 lanceolate lobes, or pinnatilid with 5 lobes.
Racemes terminal or in tlie upper axils, very slender, simple or branched.
Pedicels filiform, l^j to 4 lines long-, the pairs often distant. Perianth
sprinkled with appressed hairs, slcnder, revolute, scarcely li lines long-,
the limb small, globular. Torus straig-ht, without any g-land. Ovarv
g-labrous, stipitate ; style filiform ; stig-matic cone short, with a promf-

Grcvillca.\ CIV. PROTEACE^. 481

nent marg'in. Fruit ohliqnc, smootli or obscnrely rng-ose, abont \ in.
long".

W. Australia, Drummond, 3rd coll. 7i. 268 ; hills on the Gordon river, Maxicell.

133. G. brevicuspis, Mcissn. i>i Pl. Preiss. ii. 256, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 388. A slirub with rather slender divaricate or llexuose brancbes,
quite g-habrdus. Leaves numerous, with short petioles, mostly twice
divided into narrow-linear rig-id divaricate pung-ent-pointed segments,
with revohite marg-ins, the whole leaf 1 to li or rarely 2 in. long-. Ra-
cemes short, dense, quite glabrous, sessile in the axils. Pedicels lili-
form, 1 to 2 hnes long-. Perianth g'labrous, slender, revokite, about 1|
lines long-, the limb g-lobuhir, 4-ribbed. Torus straiglit, without any
g-land. Ovarv g-labrous, on a slender stipes ; style long, filiform, shortly
thickened under tlie stigmatic cone, which is surrounded by a very pru-
minent margin. Fruit very obliqiie, smooth, about 4 hnes long*.

TV. Australia, Drummond, 2nd coll. n. 321 ; Murcliison river, Oldfield.

134. G. intricata, 3Ieissn. in Hooli. Kew Journ. vii. 74, and in DC.

Prod. xiv. 38?. A shrub of 2 or 3 ft. (or sometimes 6 to 10 ft. ?), with
slender branches, glabrous or the young' shoots and inflorescence
sprinkled with appressed hairs. Leaves long- and slender, once twice or
three times ternately divided into Hnear-subulate almost terete rigid
acute seg-ments, singiy or doubly grooved, oftcn above 1 in. long" on a
common petiole of 2 in. or more. Racemes slender, peduncuhite, 1 to 2
in. long and sometimes branched, terminal or hiteral. Pedicels fihform,
2 to 3 lines long-. Perianth giabrous, slender, revohite, scarcely l^
hnes long-, the limb globular. Torus straight, without any gland.
Ovar}" giabrous, on a slender stipes ; style fihform, stigmatic cone
bordered by a prominent margin. Fruit 5 or 6 lines long-, shgiitly
rug'ose.

V^. Australia. Murchison river and Champion Bay, Oldfidd, Drummond, Qth
coll. n. 189.

135. G. didymobotrya, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 386. A shrub
of 3 or 4 ft. (Old/icld) or tree of 10 to 15 ft. (Ilcrb. F. Mi(cller), minutely"
hoary or silvery-pubescent or at length giabrous. Leaves hnear-terete,
slender but rigid, acute or mucronate, mostly 2 to 4 in. long-, finely
striate and sometimes channelled underneath. Racemesshortly pedun-
culate, cyHndrical, dense, rather narrow, li to 2 in. long-, termjnal or
in the upper axils, forming- a terminal cor^Tnbose leafy panicle, the
rhachis pubescent. Pedicels | to | hne long-. Perianth sprinkled
with appressed hairs, slender, revohite, scarcely H hnes long-, the hmb
globuhir. Torus straight, without any giand. Ovary giabrous, nearlv
sessile ; style fihform ; stig-matic cone short, surrounded by a broad
margin and sometimes shgiitiy obhque. Fruit incurved, semiobcordate,
about 3 hnes long-. — Anudcniajilifhlia, Endh in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 209,
and Nov. Stirp. I)ec. 88, from the description given, and consequently
G. capillaris, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 366.

VOL. V. II

483 civ. PHOTEACEiE. [GrcviUca.

"W. Australia, Drummond, n. 163, 166, Ath coll. n. 280; Mnrcliison river, Old-
fiehl ; Irwin rivcr, Jferh. F. Mueller, collector not named.

Anadenia lioei, Endl. Gen. Pl. Suppl. iv. 83, as yet undesciibed, is believed by
Meissner to be the samc as tlie above A. filifolia.

13G. G. polybotrya, Mci^.m. vi DC. Prod. xiv. 386. An erect pro-

bably tall slirub, the branches anil inllorescence tomentose-pubescent,
the 3'oung- Ibliage sprinkled with silvery shining- hairs, glabrous but
j)ale when full grown. Leaves entire, oblong- and obtuse or oblong--
lanceohite and acute, contracted into a short petiole, | to 1| in. long-,
tlat and rather thick, veinless or the midrib and sumetimes 2 lateral
veins sliglitly prominent. Racemes or spikes shortly peduncuhite, cy-
lindrical, dense, \^ to 2 in. long-, numerous in a hirg'e, dense leailess
terminal panicle. Flowers nearly sessile. Perianth sprinkled with ap-
pressed hairs, slender, revolute, fully 2 lines long', the limb globular.
Torus straight. Glhind prominent, semiannuhir. Ovary glabrous or
sHg-htly viscid, very shortly stipitate ; style long- andfiliform; stiginatic
cone rather short, with a prominent margin. Fruit about h in. hjng-,
compressed, apparently viscid. — G. Murtinii^ V. MuelL Fragm. iv. 129,
t. 32 ; G. polybutrya, F. Muelh Frag-m. vi. 208, but not the one described
in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 23.

N. Australia. Glenelg river, N.W. coast, Martin.
W. Australia, Drummond, n. 90, 162, Ath coll. n. 279.

137. G. nematophylla, F. Murll. Fragm. i. 136. A shrub of 5 or
6 ft., minutely pubescent or glabrous. Leaves entire, linear-terete,
slender but rig'id, acute, 3 to 6 in. long-, obscurely striate or chan-
nelled. Racemes cylindrical, pedunculate, rather loose, 1| to 2^ in.
long', several in a terminal panicle shorter than or scarcely exceeding*
the leaves, the rhachis g-hibrous. Pedicels scarcely J line long". Peri-
anth g-labrous or sprinkled with appressed hairs, slender, revolute,
about 2 lines long-, the limb g;lobuhir. Torus straight. Gland promi-
nent, semiannular. Ovary giabrous, on a long- stipes ; style filiform ;
stig'matic cone sligiitly oblicpie.

N. S. "Wales. Mount Murcliison, Dallachy.

Sect. 10. Anadenia. — Racemes d nse, short or cylindrical.
Flowers small. Perianth-tube slender, straigiit ; limb erect. Torus
straigiit. Style filiform or dilated upwards, not contracted under the
erect stig-matic cone.

138. G. anethifolia, U. Br. Prot. Nov. 21. A shrub with the
foliag-e of G. tritcriinta, but with very difterent llowers, the branches
shortly pubescent, the foliag-e giabrous. Leaves once twice or three
times divided into narrow-linear almost terete rigid divaricate pung-ent-
pointed seg-ments, singiy or doubly gTooved, the whole leaf under 2 in.
long-. Racemes short, dense, axillary or terminal. Pedicels giabrous,
1 to 2 lines long-. Perianth gial)rous, slender, straigiit or nearly so,
2^ linos long-, the limb giobular. Torus straigiit. Gland prominent,

GrCVillfd.] CIV. PROTEACE^. 483

semiannular. Ovary g-iabrous, on a lonji,- slender stipes ; style much
dilated aud Hattened except at the base ; stigmatic cone surrounded by
a prominent marg'in. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 387 ; Anadeiiia ancthi-
foiia, A. Cunn. Herb.

BI. S. ^Vales. Rave in tlic barren flat couutry near Peers Raiige, A. Cun-
ningham.

139. G. paradoxa, F. Mucll. Frar/m. vi. 246. A stout rig-id bushy
shrub, the young- shoots ferruginous or silky-pubescent, the adult
foliage ghabrous. Leaves very intricate, once twice or three times
divided into Hnear-terete rigid divaricate pungent-pointed segments,
rarely above J in. long and not grooved, the whole leaf under 2 in,
Racemes or spikes cyHndrical, thick and very dense, \\ to 2 in. long-,
sessile amongst the hist leaves, the rhachis densely hirsute. Pedicels
|- to 1 hne long". Perianth ghibrous, straight or shghtly curved,
slender, 2| to 3 hnes long-, the hmb ovoid, erect. Torus straight.
Gland prominent, semiannuhir. Ovary sessile or nearly so, ghibrous
or sHghtly ghmdular-pubescent. Style very long, fihform ; stigmatic
cone very narro^v. Fruit ovoid, acute, tomentose, 2 to 3 Hnes long.

W. Australia, Drummond, dth coll. suppl. n. 11.

140. G. petrophiloides, Mcissn. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 257, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 387. A slirub of 4 or 5 ft., w^ith rigid erect branches, the
■whole plant ghibrous and glaucous or the young shoots very sHghtly
ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves twice or three times ternately or pin-
nately divided into Hnear-terete erect segments, sometimes very
slender and 1 to 2 in. long, sometimes shorter more rigid and angular,
the whole leaf 4 to 8 in. long. Racemes very dense and spike-Hke, 2
to 4 in. long-, soHtary and terminal or several along a terminal stout
lealless common peduncle often above 1 ft. long. Pedicels | to 1 hne
long-. Perianth ghibrous, slender, straig-ht, 4 to 4| Hnes long, the
Hmb narrow-oblong, erect. Torus straight. Ghmd semiannular.
Ovary glabrous, stipitate ; style very long- and fihform ; stig"matic cone
very narrow. Fruit nearly globular, with an obHciue point, scarcely
3 Hnes long*.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 83, 3rd coll. n. 300, bth coll. Suppl. n. 8 ; Murchi-
Ron river, Oldjield.

141. G. tenuiflora, Mcissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 554, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 389. A bushy shrub, the branches and foHage more or less
pubescent with short often glandular hairs. Leaves pinnately divided
into 5 or the upper ones into 3 segments or lobes, the seg-ments
broadly cuneate 3- or 5-lobed, the lobes triangular and entire or
broadly 3-lobed, all rigid and shortly pung-ent-pointed, oiten shining-
above and opaque underneath, but retaining- a minute pubescence on
both sides, the whole leaf 1 to 2 in. long- and broad. Kacemes ter-
minal, dense, sessile or shortly pedunculate, 1 to li in. long, the
rhachis pubescent. Bracts small, ovate, very deciduous. Pedicels
fihform, 1| lines long. Perianth nearly ghibrous, slender, straight

I I 2

'484 CTV. PROTEACE^. [GnviUca.

1?! lines long-, the limb ovoid, 4-ang-led. Torus straiglit, without any
ffland. Ovary on a rather long- stipes, sprinkled with few g-landular
Eairs ; stvle filiform, slig'htly thickened and pubescent towards the
end ; stig-matic cone very narrow, with a slig-htly projecting- marg-iu
round the base. — Anadenia tenuifiora, Lindl. Swan Kiv. App. 31.
W. Australia. Swan rivcr, Drummond, Ist coll., Preiss, n. 703.

142. G. pulchella, Mei.ssn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 553, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 389. A rather slender divaricate undershrub or shrub of 1 to
2 ft., scabrous-pubescent and often g-landular, or the foliag-e at leng-th
g-labrous. Leaves pinnate ; seg-ments. 7 to 11, cuneate, trifid or 3-
toothed, distinct or the upper ones confluent and more entire, the
lobes or teeth triang-ular or lanceolate, acute or pung-ent-pointed, the
marg-ins revolute, the whole leaf Ih to 3 in. long-. Racemes dense,
usually glabrous, i to 1 in. long-, terminal or in the upper axils, on
short slender peduncles. Pedicels scarcely 1 line long-. Perianth
white, g-labrous, slender, straig-ht, about 1| lines long-, the limb ovoid-
fusiform. Torus straig-ht, without any giand. Ovary stipitate,
sprinkled with g-landular hairs ; style filiform, thickened under the
narrow stig-matic cone. Fruit 3 to 4 lines long-, the valves very open
and revolute when ripe. — Anadenia pulchella, R. Br. in Trans. Linn.
Soc. X. 167, Prod. 374.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, Baxter, A. Cunningliam,
Preiss, n. 700, and raany otliers.

143. G. rudis, 3Tcissn. in Hook. Kcw Jovrn. vii. 73, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 390. An erect shrub or undershrub, the branches and foliag-e
verv scabrous and more or less hirsute with long- sjireading- hairs.
Leaves in the lower part of the branches cuneate, dilated and shortly
once or twice ternately lobed or broadly toothed at the end, narrowed
to the base but not petiolate, thick, rigid, penniveined, 1 to 2 in. long-,
the upper leaves distant, sessile, lanceolate, entire, \ to h in. long-.
Racemes cylindrical, dense, 1 to 1| in. long-, hirsute and giandular-
viscid, terminal or accompanied by one or two smaller ones lower down
the branch. Bracts acuminate and comos.» ou the very young- raceme.
Pedicels about 1 line long-. Perianth hir-iite, slender, straight, 2 lines
long-, the limb ovoid. Torus straigiit, without any giand. Ovary
almost sessile, hirsute ; style loug-, filiform but thickened at the eud
undcr the narrow stig-matic cone.

^V. Australia. Between Moore and MurcLison rivers, Dnunmond, Cth coU. n.
180.

144. G. Shuttleworthiana, 3Ieissn. in Pl. P?riss. ii. 258, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 380. An erect shrub perfectly giabrous or with a very slight
hoary pubescence on the branches. Leaves obovate or cuneate, undu-
late, mucronate or acuminate, entire, contracted into a distinct petiole,
-| to 1 in. or rarely l^- in. long-, rigid and obliquely veined on both
sidos. Racomes cylindrieal, rather dense, pedunculate, 1 to 2 in.
lung', tcrmiual ur in the upper axils furmiug- sometimes a termiual

Grevillea.] civ. PROTEACEiE. 485

leafv panicle, tlie rhacliis and flowers g-labrons. Pcrianth slender,
straight, under '2 lines long-, the linib nearh' g-lobuhir. Torus straig-ht,
without any g'hind. Ovary g-hibrous, nearly sessile ; style fiHform,
with a narrow stigunatic cone. Fruit small, semi-obcordate, falcate,
the lower edg'e or back dihited.

W. Australia, Druininond, 2nd coU. n. 299, 3rd coll. n. 266.

145. G. integrifolia, 3hiss)i. in DC. Prod. xiv. 385. An erect
shrub, the branches and especially the foliag-e more or less silvery or
silk^^-pubescent. Leaves in the typical form oblong- lanceolate or
oblong'-cuneate, obtuse with a callous point or acute, contracted into a
petiole, 1 to 1| in. long', very obliquely veined and often 3-nerved.
Racemes peduncukte, cylindrical, rather loose, IJ to 2 in. long,
several in a terminal leafy panicle, the rhacliis slightly pubescent.
Pedicels | to 1 line long\ Perianth g-labrous, slender, straight,
scarcely 2 lines long', tlie limb ovoid. Torus straig"ht, without any
g-land. Ovary almost sessile, g-labrous ; style filiform, tlie stig"matic
cone almost linear, marked by a slig-htly projecting- rim at the base.
Fruit not seen ripe, wlien young* more like that of G. Shuttleworthiana
than of G. stenocarpa. — Anadenia integrifolia, Endl. in Ann. Wien. Mus.
ii. 209, and Nov. Stirp., Dec. 88.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 157, 5th coll. suppl. n. 6.

Yar. ohovata. I.eaves inostly obovate, i| to | in. lont:, but on some specimens throw-
ing oif branches with leaves of the tjpical form. — G. bi/ormi.s, Meissn. in l''l. Preiss. ii.
258, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 386, as to the b.irren specimeiis. — W. Australia, Boe,
Drummond.

146. G. stenocarpa, F. Mnell. Herl. An erect bushy shrub of 3
or 4 ft., more or less silvery or hoary-tomentose, tlie older foliage
rarely quite giabrous. Leaves narrow-linear, thick biit more or less
flattened, acute or obtuse, striate with 3 to 5 closely approximate
lonsitudinal nerves, 2 to 4 in. long* or in a few specimens only 1 to 2
in., slightly attenuate and almost terete at the base. Racemes shortly
pedunculate, rather loose, \\ to 2| in. long-, several in a terminal leafy
panicle. Pedicels very short. Perianth g-labrous, slender, straigiit,
scarcely 2 lines long-, tlie limb ovoid. Torus straigiit, without any
giand. Ovary giabrous, nearly sessile ; style filiform ; stig-matic cone
very narrow, with a projecting* rim at the base. Fruit (only known in
very few specimens), very narrow, obliquely clavate, 5 to 8 lines long*.
— G. iiformis, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 258, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 386,
as to the flowering specimens.

TV. Australia, Drummond, 3rd coll. n. 265, &t]i coll. n. 181 ; Murchison river,
OldfieUl. In some herbaria, Drummond's specimens n. 265 are associated with others
witiiout flowers of G. integrifolia, aiid had evidently been so transmitted by Drum-
mond, in other cases the coiresponding leafy specimeiis had been coriectly sent with
the flowering ones oF G. integrifolia. I liave therefore been unable to retain Meissner's
specific uame founded upon the suj^posed dimorphous foh'age.

Sect. 11. Manglesia. — Racemes short, dense, axillary. Flowers
small. Perianth-tube strai^ht, slender or fiisiform, the limb erect.

486 CIV. PROTEACE^. [GrcvilJni.

Torus straight. Ovary g-labrous, stipitate. Style turg-id in tlie midcUe
or fusiforni, constricted under the erect stig-matic cone.

147. G. acrobotrya, Mcis.m. in Ilooh. Keiv Jonrn. vii. 74, and iii
DC. Prod. xiv. 391. Branches rigidly virg-ate, hoary-pubescent as
well as the foliag-e. Stem-leaves nearly sessile, broadly cuneate or f:in-
sliaped or almost rliomboidal, f to 1 in. long-, coarsely toothed at the
end with mucronate or priekly teeth, g-hibrous above, ahiiost silky
underneath with very prominent primary veins, the upper ones passing-
into the smaller lloral leaves, deeply divided into 3 or more linear rigid
pung-ent-pointed lol)es. Racemes dense, sessile, scarcely above | in.
long-, all axillary, either distant or crowded towards the ends of the
branches. Pedicels filiform, 2 to 4 lines long-. Perianth glabrous,
about 2 lines long', the tube rather thick and scarcely long-er than the
g-lobular limb. Torus straig-ht. Gland obsolete. Ovary glabrous,
stipitate ; style thick and fusiform with a small terminal stig-ma.
Fruit very oblique, about 4 lines long-.

TV. Australia. Between Moore and Murchison rivers, Drummorid, GthcolL n. 185.
The style in this species is anunialous, but nearer to that ai Mauglesla ihan o{ Ana-
denia.

148. G. glabrata, Meissn.. in Pl. Preiss. i. 549, ii. 255, mid in DC.
Prod. xiv. 391. An erect shrub of 5 or 6 ft., perfectly glabrous and
more slender than the allied species. Leaves broadly cuneate, shortly
and broadly 3-lobed, the lobes acute with fine pung-ent points, con-
tracted into a petiole, flat, with prominent primary veins, the whole
leaf 1 to Ih in. lono-. Racemes axillarv, as lon"- as or lono-er than the
leaves, the upper ones forming* a terminal panicle ; rhachis slender.
Pedicels filiform, 3 to 6 lines long-. Perianth g-labrous, striiight, about
l^ to 2 lines long", the tube much longer than the giobular limb.
Torus straight. Gland semiannular. Ovary giabrous, on a long-
stipes ; style contracted above the ovar}', then thick and fusiform and
ag-ain contracted under the stig'matic cone. — Baill. Hist. Pl. ii. 390,
f. 219 to 222; Mani/lcsia glubrutu, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 37; M. cu-
neata^ Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 25 ; Anadenia Manglesii, Grah. in Hook.
Ic. Pl. t. 337 ; Grcvillea Manglesii, Hortul. (^Meissn.)

W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll. n. 621 ; Preiss, n. 695.

149. G. ornithopoda, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 256, und in DC.
Prod. xiv. 391. A perfectly giabrous shrub with rather slender
branches. Leaves cuneate, tapering- into a long- narrow base or
Aving-ed petiole, divided into 3 lanceolate acutely acuminate lobes of h
to 1 in., the undivided part Ih to 2| in. long-, the three primary veins
prominent undcrneath. Racemes a^xillary, simple or branched,"^ rarely
exceeding- the leaves, the rhachis slender and giabrous. Pedicels filf-
form, 3 to G lines long-. Perianth giabrous, nearly 2 lines long-, the
tube fiisiform, not twice the leng-th of the giobular limb. Torus
straigiit. (iland semiannular. Ovary giabrous, on a long- stipes ;

(lirriU,-(t.'\ CIV. PROTEACE^:. 487

style shortly contracted at tlie base, then turg-id and slig-htly con-
tracted iinder the stig-matic cone. Fruit very oblique, rugose.
^V. Australia, Dnimmond, 2nd coll. n. oH.

loO. G. paniculata, Jlcissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 550, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 39'-?. A shrub of 0 to 8 ft., g'hdjrous and often g-hiucous or the
3'oung- shoots sHghtly hoary with a minute tomentum, Leaves Hnear-
terete, slender but rigid, jjung-ent-pointed, more or less g-rooved, once
or twiee divided into 3 rarely 2 seg-ments | to 1 in. long-, the undi-
vided base about as long*. Racemes axillary, shorter or rather long-er
than the leaves, simple or branched. Pedicels 2 to 4 lines long*.
Perianth g-labrous, under 2 lines long", the tube not twice as long" as
the gdobular limb. Torus straight. Ghmd semiannular. Ovary
g"hibrous, on a long- stipes ; style contracted at the base, then dilated
and ag-ain contracted under the stigmatic cone. Fruit ^ in. long-,
oblique, but the stipes not so hiteral as in the alHed species, very
rug'ose.

N. Australia, Drummond, n. 105, Preiss, n. 617, a and h ; Fitzgerald Flats,
Maxwdl

151. G. biternata, Mcissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 549, ii. 256, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 392. Branches softly tomentose-pubescent, the young- shoots
ferruginous. Leaves very narrow-Hnear, pungent-pointed, doubly
gTooved underneath, mostly once or twice divided into 3 or sometimes
2 segments of 1 to l^ in., the undivided base as long* or rather shorter
and in some specimens a few leaves quite entire. Eacemes axillary,
sessile, shorter than the leaves. Perianth glabrous, under 2 Hnes long-,
the tube not twice the leng-th of the giobuhir Hmb. Torus straight.
Gland sexniannuhir. Ovary glabrous, on a long- stipes ; style shortly
constricted at the base then dihited and ag-ain contracted under the
stig'matic cone. Fruit rug'Ose as in G. triloba, of which this may prove
to be a very narrow-leaved variety.

TV. Australia, Drummond, n. 188, \st coll. n. 624, 2nd coll. n. 315, 323 ; nortli of
Cape Paisley, liiillips and Tliomas rivers, Maxicell.

Var. leptostachija. A shriib of 10 to 15 ft., more glabrous than the typical form, with
slender racemes, abuut 1 in. long. — Champion Bay, Wulcott,

152. G. triloba, Mcissn. in Hook.Kcw Journ. vii. 74, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 388. Branclies rather stout, softly ferruginous-viHous or hoary.
Leaves with a Hnear-cuneate base of about 1 in., usuaHy divided into 3
Hnear-hmceohite divaricate lobes of ^ to 1| in., mucronate or sometimes
pimgent-pointed, with revoHite margins, giabrous above when fuH-
grown and obHquely veined, softly pubescent or viHous underneath ;
a few of the lower leaves sometimes entire and oblong--huiceohite.
Racemes axiHarv, dense, sessile, shorter than the leaves, the rhachis
viHous. Pedicels tiHfcjrm, 3 to 5 Hnes long-. Perianth giabroiis, nearly
2 Hnes long-, the fusiform tube much longer than the giobuhir Hmb.
Torus straight, Ghind semiannuhir. Ovary giabrous, on a long-
stipes; style contracted at the base, then dilated into a sweHing- of the

488 civ. PROTEACE.E. [GreviUva.

sliape of the ovarv and again contracted under tlie sti^matic cone.
Fruit tuberculate-rugose, about 4 lines long'.
"W. Australia. Murcliison river, OUIjield, Drummond, 6th coll. n. 187.

lo;3. G. amplexans, F. Mudl. llcrb. Quite glabrous and g-laucous.
Leaves sessile, nearly orbicular, deeply cordate, clasping" the stem by
broad auricles closod or overlapping- behind tlie stem, veined on both
sides, the principal veins produced into short pung-ent points. Racemes
axilhirv or terminal, loose and somewhat branched in the only specimen
scen, about 1 in. long-. Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long-. Perianth g-labrous,
straig'ht, about 2 lines long", the tube not twice as long- as the globuhir
limb. Torus straiglit. Gland semiannular. Ovary g-L^brous, stipitate ;
style contracted at the base, then dihited and ag-ain contracted imder the
stigmatic cone. Fruit smooth, about 4 lines long-.

VT. Australia. Nortbern districts, Herh. F. Muelle.r, the collector not named.

154. G. vestita, Meis.vi. in. Pl. Preisa. i. 548, ii. 255, and in BC. Prod.
xiv. 391. An erect bushy shrub of 6 to 9 ft., the young- shoots ferru-
g-inous-viUous. Leaves cuneate, broad or uarrow, tapering" towards the
very narrow base, f to \\ in. long-, more or less deeply 3- or rarely 5-
lobed at the end, the lobes broad m^icronate and often pung-ent, the
margins recurved, g-hibrous above when old and veined, pubescent or
viHous underneath 5 a few of the lower leaves often entire and obhm-
ceohite. Racemes axillary, dense, scarcely exceeding- the leaves, the
rhachis pubescent or villous. Pedicels \\.o\ in. long-. Perianth g-la-
brous, nearly 2 lines long-, the tube much long-er than the g-lobular
limb. Torus straig-ht. Gland semiannuhir. Uvary glabrous, on a
long- stipes ; style contracted at the base, then thickened and ag-ain con-
tracted under the stigmatic cone. Fruit very oblique, cpiite smooth,
about 4 lines broad. — Manfjlesia vestita, Endl. Tsov. Stirp. Dec. 26.

W'. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, n. 65, 67, Ist coll. n. 620, Freiss, n. 72 ;
King George's Sound, Williams and Murray rivers, Ohlfidd (all witli broad leaves);
Drurnmond,n. 29, 64, \stcoll.n. 622, 2i,dcoll. n. 320 (wuh linear-lanceolate leaf-lohes).

Var. stevogyne. Style and stigmatic cone much more slender, approacliing the style
of G. acrohotrya. — W. Australia, Drummond.

155. G. tridentifera, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 547, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 392. A rig'id shrub said to be quite glabrous in the tyj)ical form
which I have not seen, the branches densely tomentose-villous iu our
specimens. Leaves on very short petioles, divided into 2 or 3 narrow-
linear rig-id pungent-pointed seg-ments of about \ in., entire or again
2-lobed, convex above, doubly grooved underneath. Racemes axiHary,
sessile, very short, the rhachis tomentose. Pedicels filiform, 3 or 4
lines long-. Perianth glabrous, about 1\ lines hmg-, the tube not twice
as long- as tlie globuhir limb. Torus "straight. Ghmd semiannular.
Ovary g-hdjrous, on a long- stipes ; style with a rather long- iiHform base,
tlien dihited and again contracted under the rather ln'oad stigmatic cone.
Fruit smootli, at least when young-. — Manr/lesia tridentifera, Endl.
IVov. Stir]). Uec. 25 (Meissn.).

V/. Australia, Drummond, Ist coll. n. 623.

Grevillca.] civ. photeace^. 489

156. G. erinacea, Meism. in Ilooh. Kew Jonrn. vii. 74, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 3i>J. Branches hoary-tomentose or ferru|:'iiious when young-.
Leaves crowded, deeply itnd tornately once or twice divided into slender
but ri;iid and pun,<i-ent-i)ointed sei!'nients, linear-terete and sing-ly
g-rooved or slightly llattened and doubly gTooved underneath, the wdiole
ieafunder 1 in. long- inchiding- the sliort petiole. Racenios axilhirv,
sessile, short and dense, the rhachis shg-htly tomentose. Pedicels liU-
form, 3 to 4 hnes long-. Perianth g-hibrous," 1\ Hnes long:, the tube not
twice as long- as the g-lobular Hmb. Torus straight. Ghmd semi-
annular, shg-htly prominent. Ovary g-labrous, stipitate ; style filiforin
at the base, then turgid and ag-ain contracted under the stigmatic cone.
Fruit very obhque, perfectly smooth, 4 to 5 lines broad.

W. Australia. Between Moore and Murchison rivers, Drummond, Qth coll. n.
186.

21. HAKEA, Schrad.

(Conchium, Sm)

Flowers herniaplirodite. Perianth irreguhir or rarely regailar, tho
tube revokite or curved under the Hmb or rarely straig-ht, the Hmb
g'lobuhir or rarely ovoid, often obHque, the hiniimie often cohering- long-^
after the tube ha"^s opened, Anthers aH perfect, sessile in the base of
the concave laminje, the connective not produced beyond the ceHs.
Hypog-ynous glands united in a single semiannuhar or semicircuhir
rarel}"disk-shaped g-land occupying- the upper side of the torus, in some
species very small. Ovary stipitate but usually very shortly so, with 2
amphitropous ovules laterally attached about the middle ; style either
long- and protruding- froni the slit of the perianth before the summit is
set free from the limb as in Grcvillen, or not exceeding- the perianth, more
or less dilated at the end into a straight or oblique or lateral cone or
disk, bearing- tlie sniall stignia in the centre of the disk or at the sumniit
of the cone. Fruit a hard usually woody capsule opening- in 2 valves.
Seeds 2, conipressed and collaterai, the testa produced at the upper end
into a broad membranous wing- usually longer than the nucleus and
more or less decurrent down the upper or both margins and sonietimes
completely surrounding the nucleus, the nucleus itself fiat and smooth
on the inner face (next the other seed), convex on the outer face and
usually rugose or muricate, the protuberances fitting- into corres})onding-
cavities in the valve ; each seed with its wing sometiines covering- the
whole inner surface of the valve, more frequently placed near the upper
maro-in and covering- about half only or rather more, the remainder of
the valve a hard woody mass. — Shrubs or rarely small trees. Leaves
alternate, very diversified in shape, tiat or terete, the margins rarely
recurved and the two surfaces usually similar aiid equally veined.
Flowers in pairs along- the rhachis of a short and dense raceme or cluster
or rarelv in a long-er raceme ; the clusters or racemes sessile in the axils
or rarelv aiso terminal or in a very few species all terminal. Indumentum

490 CIV. iMiOTRACE^. {lldhra.

as in Grevilleu, consistiny of closely inijjressed liairs attaclied hy tlie
centre, rarely of erect or spreading- liairs.

The gemis is liiuited to Australia. As will be perceivcd on comparing the above
cliaracter with that of Grevillea, there is no one organ in which the two genera are
alsnhitely distinct excepting the seed-wing, and even that, although essentially ter-
niinal in llahea and annular when present in Grevillea, is exceptional in llakea
platyxperma, for instance, where the wing is ahnost of equal breadth all roind
tlie nucleiis ; but even there the texture and venation of the wing is that of Hakea,
not of Gn villea, and the two genera are with few exceptions so iiatural, that tlieie are
ver^' few species tliat woiild not at once be referred to their right genus cven without
the fruit, especially as the wing of the seed can generally be traced in tlie ovule iinme-
diately after fecundation. The racemes are generally axillary and reduced to sessile
clusters in Hahea, terniinal and loose in Grevillea, but they ai-e loose and elongated iii
the^ section Grevilleoides of HaJcea, and terminal in H. ruscifolia and a few othei s ;
whilst tlie se(-tion Manglesia of Grevillea as well as G. hakeoides and afew others have
the infloresccnce o^ Hakea. The so called involucres or inibiicate bud scalcs enveloping
the nasccnt infiorescenres of Hakea, appear to be wanting in Grevillea, but they aie
also deficieiit in tlie sectioii Grevilleoidts of Hahea, aiid are always so decidiious as to
be generaily absent from floweiing specimens. Tlie same variations of Ibrm in tlie
perianth occur in the two genera, but in Hahea the hairs or beard inside the tube of
niany Grevilleie are always wanting and the ovary is always glabrous. Hahea has also
the varioiis moditicatinns of tlie pistil oi' GreviUea, except the turgid style of the seclion
Jldvgleiia. The fruit is in geneial totally diflerent in tlie two gencia, and yet tliat of
Grevillea (jibhosa is certainly a near appioach to tliat of Ilakca ijlatysj^ernia.

Ihe determination of tJie speeies of i/«/-ea geiierally reqiiires the preseiice both of
flowers and fruit. Species, especially amongst tlie terete-leaved ones, with scarcely
distinguisliable flowers and leaves, have sometimes very diflerent fruits, wliilst closely
similar fruits have occasionally very difierent flowers and leaves. 1 have found the
flowers chiefly avaiiable for sectional, the fiuits for specific distinction. The dorsal
protiiberances on the fruit-valves of some species usually called spurs, appear to me
to be more appropriately termed horns, as they occur alwa_)s close to ihe apex not to
the base of tlie valve.

Sect. 1. Grevilleoides. — Ilou-ers in ohlong or cylindrical or rareh/ short racemes,
without any invohicre. Ferianth much revolute. tStigmatic disk ohiique or lateral,
flat or hroudly conical. Tropical or snhtropical species.
Leaves terete, usually very long.

Racemes as well as the whole plant quite ghabious . . . l. H. chordophylla.
Kacemes pubescent or villous.

Leavcs niostly above 1 ft. long. Piacenies 3 to G in. long,
Perianth-tiibe 4 to 5 h'nes.

Torus very oblique 2. H. Cumnnyhamii.

Torus scarcely oblique 3. i?. lorea.

Leaves sleiider, niostly about \ ft. long. Racemes 1 to 2

in. Perianth-tube under 3 lines . . " 4. H. Fraseri.

Leaves flat, Jinear, usnally long.

Seed-wing not at ali or scarcely decurrent along thc nuclcus.
IJacemes 3 to 6 in. long. Perianth viilous, 5 to 6 Hnes

liiig 5. H. macrocarpa.

Eacemes under ^ in. long, pedunculate. Perianth silky,

uniler 2 lines (j. H. arhorescens.

Seed-wing decurrent on both sides round tlie base of the

nucleus 7. i/. stennphylla.

Leaves flat, 3-nerved, oblong or lanceolate. Puiccmcs glabious,

about 2 in. long. Perianth 3 lines ' . . . 8. H. trineura.

SiccT. 2._ Euhakea. — Ihicemes usualhj slort cr reihiced to scssle chtsters, enclosed
lefore thcir deieJipinent in an invohicre or bud ofimbricate scales. rerianth revohite,

Halfm.] civ. puoteace^e. 401

at least under the Umh. Stlfjmatic dish ohlique or lateral,Jlat or sliglithj convex, with-
out ani/ cone {excejit in H. rugosa and H. rostrata).

Series 1. Obliquse. — Perirtnth inihescent. Ihrus ohlique, the ovarij al the shorleH
margin, the remainder occupied b>j a large very concave adaate glaiul. Leaves eutire.
Spedes all Western.

Leaves flat, tapering at the base, obscurely several-nerved.
Leaves 4 to 8 in. long. Fruit curved with a broad, rather

long, closely inflcxed beak 9. ^. cijchcarpa.

Leaves under 3 in. Fruit large and thick, nrarly smootb,

with a very sniall infle.xed beak \0. H. crasiijolia.

Leaves 2 to 4 in. long. Fruit very large and tliick, covered

with large conical tubercles U. H. pandanicarpa.

Leaves narrow, under 2 in. Fruit unknown 12. H. Moei.

Leaves linear-terete.

Leaves erect, with short erect or curved points. Fruit rather

large, very broad, with a small infiexed beak 13. H adnata.

Leaves spreading, pungent-pointed. Fruit twlce as long as

broad, with a short nearly straight beak 14. H. ohliqua.

Series 2. Pubiflorae. — Perianth puhescent. Torus straight or rarelij oLlique, the
gland thick or semiannular. Leaves entire, toothed or divided.

Leaves flat. Fruit-valves without dorsal appendages (except
in the two doubtful epecies).
Leaves thick, tapering at the base, db.-curely several-veined
(unless very narrow). Western species.
Leaves (mostly 3 in. or more), oblong-spathuh\te or hanceo-

late, obtuse, entire. Fruit large and thick . . . . 15. H. Hoolceriana.
Leaves (1 to 2 in.) oblong-linear or linear-hinceolate, entire.

Fruit large and tliick 16. //. incrassata.

Leaves fan-shaped, tootiied at the end.

Leaves truncate at the tootiied end. Perianth-tube

narrow, under 3 hnes long 17. H. jlahellifolia.

Leaves rounded at the toothed end. Perianth-tube
broad, above 3 lines long.
Leaf-teeth short and callons. Seed-wing decurrent

on both margins of the nucleus 18. H. Brownii.

Leaf-teeth prickly. Seed-wing decurrent only on the

upi^er margin of the nucleus 19. H. Ba.rteri.

Leaves trom broadiy cuneate to long and narrow, mostly

lobed or variously divlded 20. H ceratopliijlla.

Leaves not so thlck, ianceolate, obscurely pennlveined.
Fruit much longer than broad.
Leaves 1 to 2 in. long. Perianth densely vlllous. Wes-

tern species 21. H. lasiantha.

Leaves 3 to 5 in. long. Perianth silky. Eastern species . 22. //. eriuiitlia.
Leaves tiilck and velnless or obscurely pennivelned, but
flowers unknown and therefore the affinlties doubtful.
Fruit-valves wlth dorsal appendages.
Leaves obovate-oblong (l^ to 3 in.). Fruit above 2 in.

long, 14 in. broad 23. H. rnega^osperma.

Leaves narrow-oblong (1 to 2 In.). Fruit f in. long,

under 4 I'i- broad 24. H. clavata.

Leaves mixed linear-terete and flat, or some or all ilnear-terete
and divided. Westem species.
Leaves narrow-llnear or rarely terete, entlre or pinnate,
grooved undcrncath. Frnit large, with a long stralght
beak 2.5. //. ortlii.rrhyncha.

492 civ. PROTEACE^, \llahea.

Leavps sonie linear-terete and somc Hnearand flat, allentire,
not grooved. Periantb loosely viilous. Fruit ratlier large,

witii a sliort inflexed beak 26. H. Candclhana.

Leaves ali or almost all terete and divided. reriantli viljous.
Friiit narrow.
Lcaves niostly li to 3 in., wifli .3 segments ; a few ofton

entire and flat. Stigmatic dislc broad 27. H. trifurcata.

Leaves niostly 1 in. with 3 or 5 segmeiits. Stigniatic disk

oblong linear 28. H. erinacaa.

Leaves all eiitire, linear-terete.
Western species.

Leaves thick, 3 to 5 in long. Periantli above 4 lines.
Fruit globular, smooth, l^ to 2 in. diameter. Seeds

winged ali round 29. H. platysj)erma.

Leaves slender, 1 to 3 in. Perianth 1 line. Fruit com-

jjressed, rugose, 1 in. diameter. Seeds wingcd all round 30. H. brachyptera.
Leaves slender, 1 to 3 in. Perianth small. Fruit under
1 in., smooth, thick, broadly beaked. Seed-wing decur-

rcnt on one side 31. H. Kippistlana.

Leaves thick, shoit. Perianth 2 lines. Fruit narrow, two-

horned Seed-wing decurrunt on one side 32. H. Preissii.

Eastein species.

Fruit-heak straight orobsolete.

Fruit narrow, witli an obliquely transverse crestlike

rugose prominence bolow the beak 33. H ■pvglonlformis.

Fruit wilh a broad gibbous base and scarcely distinct

broad beak, without any crest 3i. H. Pampliniana.

Fruit ovoid, nearly smooth, with a broad smooth darlc

line down eacli suture 85. H. vittata.

Fruit recurved at the base, then incurved with an in-
flexed beak.
Fruit nigose. Stigmatic disk with a central cone.

Fiuit above 1 in. long, f in. broad S6. H. rostrata.

Fruic I to I in. long, under ^ in. broad 37. H rugo.ta.

Fruit sniooth. Stigmatic disk flat 38. i?. epiglottis.

Seriks 3. Glabriflorae. — Perianth glahrous. Torus struight or slightly oblique,
the gland scminnnular or none.

Leaves flat, Inerved or obscurely penniveined. 'Western
species, exi.ept H. saligna.
Leaves piickiytoothed or lobed, stera-clasping at tlie baso.
Leaves 4 to 8 in. long, gradually expanded at the base

iiito large prickly-toutlied auricles '69. H amplcxicaidis.

Lcaves I4 to 3 in., more or liss obovate or oblong-cu-

neate, usualiy contracted near the base iO. H glahella.

Leaves 14 to 3 in., narrow, dilated at the end, with 3 to

5 prickly teeth or lobes, auricuiate at tlie base . . . 41. H. auricula'a.
Leaves distinctly petiolate, obovate, undulate and piickly-

tootlied 42. H. cristata.

Leavcs linear-lanceolate, sessile, prickly-toothed or entire . 43. H. linearis.
Leavcs 3 to 4 in., oblong-cuneate, entire. Umbels axiliary,

pedunculate 44. //. stenocarpoides.

Leaves sniall, petiolate, entire, with a fiiie point. Branclies

hiisute with loug hairs. Inflorescence terininal . . . \o. H. ruscifoli t.
Leaves lanceolate, obtuse, cntire. Easlern species . . . 4l3. H. saligna.
Leaves terete. lOastern species.

Styie at least twice as long as the perianth.

Leaves undivided. Fruit 2 horned. Seedwing scarcely

decurrunt 47. 77. v:rrurosu.

Hakea.] civ. ruoTEACE^. 493

Leavcs Jivided. Fruit scarccly horiied. Seed-wing de-

currenl all round the nuclcus 48. H. purpurea.

Style not twicc as long as thc pcrianth.

redicels pubescent or hirsute, pcrianth aloiie glabrous.
Branches dcnsely villous. Fruit as broad as long, with

a short incurved beak 49. H. rjibhosa.

Branches glabrous or scarcely pubesceut.
Periaiith 1 line long.

Fruit as broad as long, straight and obtuse.

Leaves rather stout 50. Jl. propinq^un.

Fruit narrower than long, with a slightly incurved

beak. Leaves slendcr 5L //. nod sa.

Perianth 2 lines long or more 52. H. acicul iris.

Pedicels giabrous as well as the tiower.

Flowers in sbort racemes, the peduncle and rhachis 4 to

f in. long 53. H. leucoptera.

Flowers in sessile clusters.

Lcaves all terete. Fruit \\ in. long and nearly as

broad. Seed-wing decurrent all round the nucleus 54. H. cjclojjtera.
Leaves some terete and sorae flat. Fruit \ in. long

I in. broad. Seed-wing not decurrent .... 55. //. niicrocarpa.
Leaves terete. Western species. Pedicels always glabious.
Leaves 3 to 5 in., rigid, thick, spreading or recurved. Peri-

anth 3 lines long 56. H. reurva.

Leaves | to Ig in. long, terete and smooth.

Branches tomentose. Perianth 2 lines. Eacemes or
clusters mostly terminal. Seed-wing decurrent all round

the nucleus bl . H. circumalata.

Quite glabrous. Eacemes or clusters mostly axillary.
Perianth near 3 Iines. Fruit about 4 in. long. Seed-

wing decurrent on one side of the nucleus .... 58. H. commutata.
Periantli 2 lines. Fruit 14 to 2 in. long, very tliick
and broad. Seed-wiug decurrent all round the
nucleus 59. H. slrumosa.

Sect. 3. Conogynoides. — Raccmes usually sJiort or reditcecl to s(ssile clusters,
rarely elovgated, enclosed before their development in an involucre or hud of imhricate
scalcs. Perianth glahrous, revolute under the limb. Stigmatic cone crect or scarcely
oblique.

Series L Iiongistylse. — Leares flat, entire, ohlong-lanceolate or nnrrow. Style
at l ast twice as long us the perianth. Stigmatic cone long and narrow. WesUrn
species, one aho central.

Leaves (6 to 8 in.) very finely many-nerved. Kacemes oblong,

1 to 3 in. long GO. H multilineata,

Leaves (4 to 6 in.) 3- or 5-nerved, ofteu falcate, on long petioles.

Racemes globular 61. H. laurina.

Leaves (under 3 in.) 3-nerved, sessile Q2. H. ohtusa.

Leaves (4 to 7 in.) very thick, narrovv, very pvominently tripli-

nerved, tapering at the base 63. H. cinerca.

Leaves (under 3 in.) thick, l-neiwcd, tapering to the base.

Flower-clusters almost vcriicillate 64. H corymbosa.

Series 2. Petiolares. — L/aves broad, triplinerved and reticulate {the veins promi-
nent or obscure), tapering into a distinct petiole. Style not twice as long as the pe-
rianth. Western sjhcies.

Leaves prickly-toothed, promiuently-veiued 65. H. undulata.

494 civ. PROTEACE^. [Huhca.

Lc.ives quite entire.

Leaves pioniinently veiiied. Perianth near 3 lines long.
Fiuit with a rather iong straight beak.
Leavcs acuniinate. Petiole long. Seed-wing dccurrent on

both niargins . . . . / _. . . 6G. .& petiolaris.

Leaves scarcely acuminate. Petiole sliort. Seed-wing de-

current on one margiii only 67. H. neurophylla.

Leaves obscurely vcined. l'erianth about 2 lines. Fruit

with a short slightly curved beak 68. H. loranthifoUa.

Seuies 3. Sessiles. — Leates hroad to ohlonglanceolate, 3- or more-nerved and re-
ticulate, ses.^iile or ntarly so. Western species.

Leaves (of the flowering stems) broadly orbicular-cordate, entire

or prickly-toothed 69. iF. cucullala.

Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceohite, acute or acuminate, entiro.

Leaves ghibrous, often cordate, shortly acuminate. Fruit 1 in.

long, inchiding the long beak 70. H. ferruginea.

Leaves usualiy pubescent, acutely acuminate, never cordate.

Fruit 4 iii- hmg, not distinctly beaked 7L H. smilacifolia.

Leaves obtuse or with a small callous point.

Leaves broadly oval or ellipticai, several-nerved . . . . 12. H. elliptica.

Leaves obloug-elliptical to lanceolate, 3-ncrved 73. H ambigua.

Series 4. Nervosse. — Leaves lanceolate or linear, p>rominenllii 3- or more-nerved
(rarely 2- or \-nerved when very narrow), smooth hetween the nerves.
Easternspecies. Seed-wing decurrent on one side of the nucleus.
Leaves 4 to 6 in. long, falcate, 5- to 9-nerved. Peiianth 2 lines

long 74. H plurinervia.

Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, usually 3-iierved.
Perianth 1 line long.
Leaves usually lanceolate, obtuse or acute, not pungent.

Pedicels silky-pubescent 75. H. dartyloides.

Leaves usually linear-lanceolate or linear, pungcnt-pointed.

Pedicels glabrous 76. H. ulicina.

Westein species. Seed-wing decurrent all round the nucleus.

Leaves linear hinceolate, 3-nerved, under 3 in. long . . . 77. H. falcata.
Leaves linear, very tliick and silky, 4 to 8 in. long . , . 78. H. pycnoneura.

Series 5. XJninerves. — Leaves narroiv or small, flat, 1-nerved with nerve-lihe
margins, Fruit-valves without dorsal ajjpendages. Western specics.

Leaves linear, very thick and silky, 4 to 8 in. long . . . .78. H. pycnoneura.
Leaves hnear or lanceolate, IJ to 4 in. long. Fruit 1 to 1.^ in.

long, 2 to 3 lines broad 79. H stenocarpa.

Leaves lanceolate, | to l^ in. long. Fruit | in. long, 3 to 4

lines broad 80. H. marginata.

Leaves mostly ovate, 4 to I in, long, with a long point . . . Hi.. H. myrtoides.
Leaves liuear, pungent-pointed, under 4 in. long, the keel or

midrib vcry promineut underueath 82. H. costata.

Series 6. Enerves. — Leaves mostly flat, ohscurely penniveined, the midrih not
prominent, entire pricldy toothed or lobed. Fruit-valves with dorsal horns or jrrotu-
berances. Westerii species.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, quite entire or very rarely with 1 or

2 minute tceth 83. H oleifolia.

Leaves lanceolalc, acute, mostly prickly-toothed 84. H.florida.

Lcaves more or less cuucate or piiinatihd with prickly teeth or

lobes, thick and liere and there almost terete 85. H. varia.

Ilakca.] CIV. PHOTEACE^. 495

Sekies 7. Teretifoliae. — Leai:es Hnear-terete entirc, asuaUi/ anyidar or strlote
(rarelij a few flat ones inlerniixed). Fruit-valveaioithont dorsal appanduges. Western
sjiecies eiccept II. flexilis.

Leaves snlcate, occasionally flat.

Fniit ovoid ; bealv str.iight. Flowcrs iii closc cliisters . . 8(3. H. sulcata.

Fruit sni:ill, ovoid-globular, witli aii infle.xed beak. Flowcrs

iii short dense racenies 87. H. Meissneriana.

Leaves very fiiiely striate. Fruit-boak straight 88. H. subsulcata.

Leav es angular or terete and smootli.

Fruit muricate with iringed tubercles. AVcstern sijccies . 89. H. Lehmnnniaiia.

Fruit smooth or rugose. Eastern species 90. H.flexilis.

Sect. 4. Mang^lesioides. — Bacemes sliort or reduccd to sessile clusters, enclosed
hefore their di relopmtut in an hwolucre or Imd of imbricate scales. Perianth glabrous,
straight, the limb erect in the bud. iStigmcdic cone erect. Western sjyecies.

Leaves obovate oblong or lanceolate, entire or prickly-tootlieJ .91. H. nitida.
Leaves terete (iiiider 2 in.), sniooth, undivided, pungent-pointed 92. H. Oldfleldii.
Leaves terete (3 to 4 in.), simpiy pinnate or also undivided,

stout 93. H suaveolens.

Leaves terete (1 to l^ in.), twice or simjily pinnate with few
segments.
Ehachis of the clusters under j iii. long. Fruits | to f in.

long, witli short dorsal horiis 94. H. lissocarpa.

Ehachis of the mcenies \ to ^ in. long. Fruits | to 1 in.

long, with long dorsal horns 9o. H hipinnatiflda.

H. carduifolia, Lodd., H echinatn, Mackay, H. Lamherti, Sweet, H. latifolia, Lodd.,
and H. subidata, Cunn., entered in Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2, are garden names without
descriptions, belonging probably to S'ime of the spucies hero enumerated.

H. lonf/ifolia and H. tenuifolia, Diim. Cours. in Roein. aiid Schult. Syst. iii. 425, are
also garden plants dcscribed only as to their foliage, and quite iusufficientiy for re-
cognition.

Sect. 1. Grevilleoides. — Flowers in oljlong or cylindrical or
rarely short racemes, witliout any involucre as far as known, Perianth
much revolute, opening- early on the lower sicle. Stig-matic disk oblique
or lateral, llat or broadly conical. Species all tropical or subtropical.

1. H. chordophylla, F. Mucll. iii Hook. Kem Journ. ix. 23. A tree
perfectly gdabrous and more or less g-hiucous. Leaves terete, smooth,
mostly from | to 1 ft. long-. Racemes from the old wood, loosely cy-
lindrical, 3 to 4 in. long-, quite g-hibrous. Pedicels about \ in. lono-.
Perianth g'labrous, the tube 4 to 5 lines long-, much dilated and oblique
at the base, revolute under the limb. Torus very oblique. Gland larg-e,
horseshoe-shaped. Ovary stipitate ; style long- ; stig-matic disk broad,
oblicjue, not convex. Fruit oblic|uely lanceolate, about 1| in. lono- ancl
I in. broad near the base, tapering- into a short slightly incurved beak.
Seed-wing- not decurrent along- the nucleus. — Meissn. in DC. Prod xiv
699.

N. Australia. Stiirt's Crcek, F. Mueller (the periaiith-tube scarceiy 4 lines lono-) ;
Kekwick spiings, Waterhouse (tlie periauthtuije fully 5 lines long).

2. H. Cunninghamii, If. Br. Prot. Nov. 26. A small tree of 12
to 16 ft. Leaves terete, rigid, mostly above 1 ft. long-, but usually not
so long- as in H. lorca. Racemes lateral on the old wood, loosely cylin-

496 civ. PROTEACE.E. [Hakca.

drical, 3 to 6 in. long-, tlie rliachis pedicels and porianths chithed with
appressed silky hairs. Pedicels 3 to 5 lines long-. Perianth-tube 4 to
5 lines h)ng-, somewhat dihited and very ohlique at the base, attenuate
and revohite under tlie hmb. Torus very oblique. Gland hirg-e, horse-
shoe-shaped. Ovary on a long- stij^es. Style very long-, sHg-htly clavate
under the oblique convex or broadly conical stig-matic disk. Fruit ob-
liquely ovate-hmceolate, l^ to 1| in. long- and | in. thick. Seed-wing^
not decurrent along- the nucleus or onl}' very shortly so on tlie upper
margin. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 394 j H. longifolia, A. Cunn.
Herb. ; F. MuelL Fragm. vi. 190.

N. Australia. Bay of Rest, N.W. coast, A. Cunnivgham ; Nichol Bay, F. Gre-
gorifs E.rpedition ; Yictoiia liver, F. Mueller.

3. H. lorea, li. Br. Prot. Nov. 25. A tall shrub or tree attaining
20 ft. Leaves terete, smooth, often above 2 ft. long- and rarely under
1 ft., very rarely (on barren branches ? or young- phmts ?) a few once
or even twice forked or trifid. Racemes cylindrical, in the upper axils,
sometimes forked or in a terminal cluster, more dense than in II. Cm-
ninghamii, from under 3 in. to fully G in. long-, the rhachis pedicels and
perianths densely pubescent with shorter hairs much less appressed
than in H. CunniiifjrJtamii. Perianth-tube nearly 4 Hnes long", shg'htly
dilated below the middle, revolute upwards. Torus oblique but less so
than in H. CHnninghamii. Gland large, horseshoe-shaped. Ovary
stipitate ; style long-, with a very obhque broadly conical stig-matic disk.
— Meissn. in DC, Prod, xiv, 394; F. MuelL Fragm. vi. 189; Grevilka
lorea, R, Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 177, Prod. 380.

N. Australia. Attack Creek, M^Douall Stuarfs Ejpedition.

Queensland. Slioalwater Bay, B. Brown ; 1'ort Denison, Fifzalan ; Eockhanip-
ton, Tliozet ; Cape river and Nerkool Creek, Bowman ; Dyngie, Miss lioss ; also in
Leichhardt^s coUeclion.

Several of the above-quoted specimens are not in flower, and are therefore in some
measure doubtful.

4. H. Fraseri, li. Br. Prot. Nov. 26. A tall shrub, the branches
much more slender than in H. lorea, of which it may possibly be a
variety. Leaves much more slender, 4 to 8 in. long-. Racemes only
1 to 2 in. long-. Pedicels 2 to 3 Hnes. Flowers of H. lorea, but smaller,
the perianth-tube not above 3 lines long-. Fruit unknown in both
species. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 394.

N. S. 'V^Tales. Hastings river, Fraser, and proLably from the same neighbour-
hood, Ilerh. F. Mueller, apparently froni Leichhardt.

5. H. macrocarpa, A. Cunn. in li. Br. Prot. Nov. 30. A tree of 15
to 20 ft. of robust growth with a rug"g'ed bark, Leaves linear-Ianceo-
late, 6 to 8 in. long-, 2 to 5 lines broad, mostly obtuse, tapering- at the
base, thick, minutely silky-pubescent on both sides, the veins long-itu-
dinal, slightly anastomosing-, scarcely prominent. Racemes loosely
cvlindrical, 3 to 6 in. long-, toniontose-pubescent as in II. lorea. Pedi-
cels 2 to 5 lines long. Perianth-tube ahout 5 lines, oblique, dilated

Ilakca.] civ. proteace.i:. 497

below tlie middle, revolute upwards. Torus oblique. Gland larg-e,
semicircular. Ovary shortly stipitate, style ratlier thick, not long-;
stig-matic disk oblique, broadly conical. Fruit ovate-lanceolate, l^ to
1| in. long, 7 to 8 lines broad. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 411 ; F.
Muell. Fragm. vi. 191 ; Grevillea Alphonsiana, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew
Journ. ix. '22 ; Meissn. l.c. 699.

N. Australia. Arid shores of Cygnet Bay, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham ; Koe-
buck Bay and lilenelg river, Martiri ; remotest parts of Sturt's Creek, F. 3Iueller.
IV. Australia. Three hundred miles up the Murchison river, Walcott.

6. H. arborescens, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 187, Prod.
386. A tall shrub or small tree, the young- shoots silky. Leaves
linear linear-hinceohite or sometimes rather broader and shghtly
falcate, obtuse or acuminate, contracted at the base, longitudinally but
obscurely several-veined, minutely silky-pubescent on both sides, 3 to
6 in. long-. Flowers small, in short dense ahnost globular racemes or
clusters on lateral peduncles of \ to | in., often on the old wood. Pedi-
cels filiform, 1 to 2 hnes long-. Perianth silky-pubescent, the tube
slender, scarcely IJ lines long, revolute under the hmb. Torus straight.
Gland semiannular, not very prominent. Ovary shortly stipitate. Stig-
matic disk nearly straight with a short broad cone. Fruit nearly
straight, 1| to nearly 2 in. long, 1 in. broad, very shortly beaked. Seed-
wing decurrent along the upper raarg-in of the nucleus to the base. —
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 410.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentavia, R. Brown, Henne ; Copeland
island, A. Cunningham ; Victoria river, F. 3IueUer ; Port Essington, Armstrong.
Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Mount Elliott, Fitzalan.

7? H. stenophylla, A. Cunn. ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 417. A
small tree of 12 to 15 ft., glabrous or the young shoots minutely hoary.
Leaves very narrow-linear, entire, ilat, 2 to 4 in. long-, rather thick,
veinless or with a scarcely prominent midrib. Flowers unknown.
Fruit rather above 1 in. long, f in. thick, smooth with a very short
conical straight beak. Seed-wing broad, more or less decurrent all
round the nucleus.

N. Australia. Arid sands, Bay of Eest, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham. — Appears
allied to H. arlorescens, but the affinilies muet be very uncertain until the flowers are
known.

8. H. trineura, F. Mi/ell. Frar/m. iii. 146. A tree ?, tlie branches
and foliage very minutely hoary-tomentose. Leaves obhjng-cuneate or
lanceolate, obtuse, contracted into a shortpetiole, 3 to 5 in. long, rather
thick, triplinerved and very obUquely ahnost longitudinally veined, the
margins nerve-like, not recurved, the veins equalh^ conspicuous on
both sides. Racemes axillary, about 2 in. long. Pedicels ^ to 1 in.
lonf. Perianth glabrous as well as the whole inilorescence, the tube
fullv 3 lines long, revohite under the globuhir hmb. Torus straight.
Gland thick, semicircuhir. Ovary shortly stipitate ; style long ; stig--
matic disk obhque, broad, conical in the centre. Fruit IJ in. long, |
iu. thick, smooth, sliglitly incurved, scarcely bcaked. Soed-wingshortly

VOL. V. K K

498 CIV. PROTEACEiE. [lluhca.

decurrent on the upper margin of the nucleus. — GrcvUlca trincura, F.
Muell. l.c.

Queensland. Broad Sound, Boioman; Kockliamiiton, Thozet.

Sect. 2. EuHAKEA. — Racemes usually short or reduced to sessile
clusters, enclosed before their development in an invohicre or hud of
imbricate scales, faning- off very early. Perianth revohite either from
the middle or close under the Hmh. Stigmatic disk ohHque or lateral,
flat or shg-htly convex, very rarely (in //. rurjosa and H. rostrata) with
a central cone, and those species differing- from Conogynoidcs in the
pubescent perianth and short cone.

Series 1. Obliqu^. — Perianth pubescent. TorusobHque, theovary
inserted at the shortest marg-in, the remainder occupied Ity a hirg-e very
concave adnate g-land.

9. H. cyclocarpa, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 36. A shrub of 5 or 6
ft., the branches and fohag-e g-labrous in our specimens. Leaves oblong--
hmceolate, acute or obtuse, but not rounded at the end, tapering- from
the middle into a short petiole, 4 to 8 in. long-, thick, entire, with ob-
scure long-itudinal veins, sometimes nearly IJ in. broad in the middle.
Flowers in axilhiry clusters or very short racemes. Pedicels silky-
pubescent, 2 to 3 lines long-. Perianth silky-pubescent,about 5 hneslong',
reflexed under the globular hmb. Torus obhque, tlie greater portion
occupied by a larg-e very concave g-land. Ovary shortly stipitate at the
lower margin ; style not long-; stig-matic disk obhque. Fruit IJ in.

•long-, 1 in. broad, compressed, recurved at the base, then incurved, with
a broad inflexed beak, the valves with a dorsal truncate protuberance at
the top. Seed-wing" narrowly decurrent on the upper margin. — Meissn.
in Pi. Preiss. i. 573, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 415.

W. Australia. Swan liver to King George's Sound, Drummond, n. 108, 279, ist
coll. V. 609, Preiss, n. 576, Harvey. —The shape of the fruit is near that of H. rostrata
and its allies, the flowers and foliage very diflerent.

10. H. crassifolia, Meissn. in Pl. Prciss. i. 570, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 412. A tall slirub, attaining-12 to 15 ft., the branches closely to-
mentose, the adidt fohage glabrous. Lea\ . s mostly oblong-, broad or
narrow, rounded at the end with a small callous point, shortly contracted
at the base, 1-J- to 3 in. long-, very thick, with obscure h:)ng-itudinal veins.
Racemes short, shortly pedunculate, axillary, the rhachis and peduncle
together 3 or 4 lines long-. Pedicels silky-pubescent, about 3 lines
long. Perianth silky-pubescent, the tube fully 5 lines long-, revolute
under the ovoid almost acuminate limb. Torus oblique, the upper por-
tion occupied by a large concave g-land. Ovary nearly sessile on the
lower margin ; style not long-, thickened under the oblique stigmatic disk.
Fruit nearly l^ in. long- and broad, neither rugose nor cristate, yet
not smooth. Seed-wing- decurrent down both sides round the base of
the nucleus.

"W. Australia, Drtimmond, Atli coll. n. 293 ; sand plains, Kaigan river, Oldfield;
Siirliiig Kange to E. Mount Barren, 3Iaxwell.

Hakea.] civ, proteace^. 499

11. H. pandanicarpa, 7?. Br. Prot. Nov. 29. An erect shrub,
rarely over 0 ft. hig-li, the young- shoots hoary or silky, the adult foliage
glabrous. Leaves narrowlv oblong--cuneate, obtuse with a callous point,
tapering- into a short petiole and often shortly decurrent on the branch,
2 to 4 in. long", thick and veinless or with a few obscure long-itudinal
veins. Racemes short, axillary, silky-piibescent, the rhachis often \ in.
long-, the pedicels 3 to 4 Hnes. Perianth silky-pubescent, the tube
about 6 lines long-, revolute under the ovoid limb. Torus very oblique,
the upper portion occupied by a larg-e concave g"land. Ovary nearly
sessile, very spreading- irom the lower marg-in of the torus. Style not
long- ; stig-matic disk oblong*, almost lateral. Fruit tlie larg-est of the
g"enus, ovoid-giobular, 2 to 2| in. diameter, covered with larg^e conical
])rotuberances resembling- the drupes of a Pandanus fruit but very hard.
Seed-wing- surrounding- the nucleus, but broader above tlian below. —
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 412 ; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 434.

"W. Australia. Towards Cape Ariil, Baxter ; gravelly coast hills, Stokes Inlet
to Cape Le Grand, Cape Arid, Cape Paisley, and Russell Range, Maxwell.

12. H. Roei, Bentli. Branches minutely hoary. Leaves lanceo-
late or oblong'-linear, mucronate, sometimes falcate, tapering* into a
short petiole, IJ to 2| in. long-, thick, veinless or obscurely marked.
with a few longitudinal veins. Flowers few in sessile axillary clusters.
Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long-, silky-ferruginous as well as the flowers.
Perianth-tube 4 or 6 lines long-, recurved under the g-lobular limb.
Torus very oblique, the upper portion occupied by a large concave
giand. Ovary shortly stipitate from the lower marg-in of the torus ;
style not long-, slightly thickened under the broad lateral stigmatic disk.

W. Australia, /. *?. Roe. Tlie foliage is nearly that of H. incrassata, the flowers
very different, the fruit unknown.

13. H. adnata, B. Br. Prof. Nov. 26. A rig-id bushy shrub of 3 or
4 ft., the young- branches hoary, the adult foliag-e giabrous. Leaves
terete, smooth, with a straigiit or incurved point, attenuate at the base,
mostly 2 to 3 in. long-. Flowers few tog-ether in axillary clusters on
silky "pedicels of 1 to 2 lines. Perianth silky-pubescent, the tube 3 to
3J lines long-, revolute under the giobular limb. Torus oblique, but
not so much so as in H. ohliqua, the g-reater portion occupied by the
larg-e concave giand. Ovary almost sessile at the lower margin of the
torus ; style not very long", dilated at the end into a large oblique con-
cave disk Avith the stigma prominent in the centre. Fruit 1 to 1| in.
long" and 1 in. broad, very oblique, much compressed and smooth when
nearly ripe, very thick and sometimes rug-ose when perfect, with a
small conical inflexed beak, without dorsal appendages to the valves.
Seed-wing- as broad as the capsule, decurrent along- tlie upper margin
and verv narrowlv so along the lower margin of the nucleus. — Meissn.
in DC. "Prod. xiv.^^^OG ; H. lativalvis, F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 219.

"W. Australia. South coast, Baxter ; sand plains north of Cape Arid, Esperance
Bay and Russell Range, 3Jaxicell.

K k2

500 civ. PKOTEACEiii. [Hakea.

14. H. obliqua, 7?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 180, Prnd. 382. A
spreading- shrub of 2 or 3 ft., tlie branches minutely hoary-pubescent,
the foliag-e glabrous. Leaves terete, smooth, rigid, mucronate, 1 to 2
in. long-, thick and divaricate in some specimens, twice as long, thinner
and more erect in others. Flowers iu sessile axillary clusters. Pedicels
1 to l^ lines long-. Perianth silky, the tube 3 lines long- or rather
more, revolute under the ovoid sliortly acuminate limb, Torus very
oblique, the g-reater part occupied by a larg-e concave g-land. Ovary
shortly stipitate at the lower margin of the torus ; style not very long
with a broad lateral stigmatic disk umbonate in the centre. Capsule
recurved at the base, about 1 in. long" and -| in. broad, rug-ose, with a
short straight conical beak, without dorsal appendag-es. Seed-wing^
decurrent along- both margins round the base of the nucleus. — Meissn.
in DC. Prod. xiv. 395.

"W. Australia. Liicky Bay, E. Brown ; between Swan river and King George's
Sound, Drummond, 2nd coll. n. 329, 330 ; sci-ubs north of Stirling Range, F. Mueller ;
Cape Paisley, Cape Le Grand and Orleans Bay, Maxwell.

Series 2. PuBiFLORiE. — Periauth pubescent. Torus straight or if
oblique the g-land, thick or semiannular, inserted on the lowest side.

15. H. Hookeriana, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 412. A tree of
15 to 20 ft., the young- branches minutely silky-pubescent, the foliage
glabrous. Leaves oblong--spathulate or oblanceolate, very obtuse, entire,
tapering- into a short petiole, 3 to 4 in. long-, | to 1 in. wide, very thick,
with faintly visible longitudinal veins. Flowers small, iu sessile
axillary clusters. Pedicels silvery-silky, not 1 line long-. Perianth
pubescent with small appressed reddish hairs, the tube about 2 lines
long-, rather broad, rellexed under the ovoid-globular limb. Torus
straight. Gland semiannular, Ovary nearly sessile ; style not long- ;
stig-matic disk oblique, Fruit very thick, almost didymous, oblique, 2
to 2| in. long- and nearly 2 in. broad, broadly furrowed along- the upper
suture, rugose with irregular raised lines, the beak very short or
obtuse. Seed-wing" scarcely decurrent.

W, Australia, Drummond, bth coll. »i. 413; K. Mount Barrcn Eange, Maxtvell.
— The contrast of tlie white pedicels and reddish fiowcrs is very evidcnt in the dried

Bpecimens.

16. H. incrassata, 1{. Br. Prot. Nov. 29. A shrub of 2 or 3 ft,,
with tomentose branches, Leaves oblong"-linear or linear-lanceolate,
acute but scarcely j)ung-ent, entire, contracted into a very sliort petiole,
1 to 2 or rarely 3 in. long-, thick and veinless or obscurely 3-uerved.
Flowers very small, in sessile axillary clusters. Pedicels about 2 lines
long, liirsute. Perianth hirsute, the tube scarcely 1| lines long-, much
revolute, the upper seg-ments short. Torus small. Gland ratherbroad,
Ovary very shortly stipitate ; style short, witli a large lateral stig-matic
disk. Fruit globular, 1 to near 1| in. diameter, suiooth Avith a few
rough blotches, slightly furrowed at the sutures, witli a very short
inflexed beak on the uppcr side. Seed-wing- broadly decurrent down

Hakea.] civ. photeacejE. 501

both sides of tlie nucleus. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 411 ; Hook. Ic.
PI. t. 442 ; H. lcKcadendnm, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 572, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 411.

W. Australia. Swan river, Fraser, J. S. Boe, Druimnond, n. 100, \st coll. n.
603, Freiss, n. 568, 578 ; Belgarup, Oldfield.

17. H. flabellifolia, 3fem?i. in Hooh\ Kcm Journ. vii. 116, and in DC.

Prod. xiv. 409. An erect slirub, with minutely hoary branches or quite
g-labrous. Leaves cuneate but not so broad as in H. Baxteri and rather
truncate than rounded at the toothed end, tapering- into a long"
petioie, IJ to 2 in. long-, f to 1 in. broad at the end, very thick and
obscurely veined. Flowers in axillary clusters, much smaller than in
H. Baxteri. Pedicels not 1 line long. Perianth silky-pubescent, the
tube under 3 lines long, revolute under the g'lobular limb. Torus
nearly straig'ht. Gland thick, not very large. Ovary very shortly
stipitate ; style not very long, with an oblique stigmatic disk. Fruit
unknown.

\ir. Australia. Between Moore and Miirchison rivers, Drummond, Gth. coll. n.
196.

18. H. Brownii, ]\Ieissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 5G9, and ii. 261, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 409. Very closely allied to H. Baxteri, and perhaps a variety.
Leaves rather thicker, the veins less conspicuous and the teeth shorter
and less prickly. Flowers quite the same. Fruit rather broader than
in H. Baxteri, the very small beak more oblique and the seed-wing*
decurrent down both margins of the nucleus.

V^. Australia, Drummond, Ath coll. n. 296, Preiss, n. 552.

19. H. Baxteri, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 28. An erect shrub of 6 to 8 ft.,
giabrous or the young shoots and branches minutely hoary-pubescent.
Leaves very broadly cuneate fan-shaped or almost reniform, the
broad rounded end undulate and shortly prickly-toothed, contracted
into a distinct but broad petiole, shortly decurrent on the stem, thick,
with obscure radiating* branching- veins, IJ to 2^ in. broad. Flowers
in sessile axillary clusters. Pedicels rarely above 1 line long. Perianth
ferruginous-pubescent, the tube broad, 8 to 3| lines long-, contracted
above the middle and revolute under the ovoid limb, Torus oblique.
Gland thick, semicircular. Ovary very shortly stipitate, spreading"
from the base ; style long; stigmatic disk oblic[ue. Fruit about l^ in.
long', 1 in. broad, rugose, shortly beaked. Seed-wing decurrent down
the upper margin of the nucleus to the base, but not along- the lower
margin. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 569, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 409 ;
Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 439.

TV. Australia. King George's Sound or to Ihe castward, Baxter, Drummond, n.
161, ith coll. n. 295 ; Cape Riche, Preiss, n. 553, Maxwell ; Stirling Range, F. Mueller.

20. H. ceratophylla, P. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 184, Prod. 384.
An erect or spreading shrub of 2 to 5 ft., the young- shoots slightly
silky-pubescent, the adult foliage glabrous. Leaves remarkably diver-

602 Civ. PROTEACE^. [Halua.

siHed in form, usually narrow, more or less cuneate, taperino- into a
long- base, irreg-ularly and deeply divided in tlie upper lialf into 3 un-
equal coarsely toothed lobes, but a few leaves soniotimes quite ontire
and linear or linear-lanceolate, or the whole leaf narrow and pinnately
divided into short and broad or long- and narrow divaricate lobos, or the
3 lobes long-, narrow, and toothed, or all 3 broadly cuneate and 3- or 5-
lobed, the whole leaf 2 to 4 in. long-, or long-er when very narrow,
thick and irreg-ularly ahnost long-itudinally veined, the veins obscure or
equally prominent on both sides, the lobes or teeth pointed and often
pung-ent. Flowers in small sessile chisters, axiUary or at the old nodes.
Pedicels 1 to 2 Hnes long-, silky. Perianth ferruginous-pubescent, the
tube 2 to 2| Hnes long-, revohite under the g-lobular limb. Torus
oblique, Gland larg-e, very prominent, concave. Ovary very shortly
stipitate and spreading- from the lower marg-in of the torus ; style not
very long-, with a broad obHque stig-matic disk. Fruit nearly 1 in. long-,
about ^ in. broad. Seed-wing- decurrent on the upper marg-in only of
the nucleus. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 569, and in I)C. Prod. xiv. 4l0 ;
Reichb. Ic. et Descr. Pl. t. 24; Conchmm epratophyUum, Sm. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. ix. 124 ; Hakea ueanthophylla, Link. Enum. Hort. Berol. i.
118 ; H. laciuiosa, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 49.

TV. Australia. King George's Soimd aud adjoiiiing disfricts, E. Broicn, Drum-
mond, n. 16, 2nd coll. n. 334, Preiss, n. 579, 580, aud luaiiy others.

Var. elongata. Leaves narrow-liiiear. 4 to 6 in. long, entire or witli a few distant linear
lobes, but readily distinguished from tbo.se of H. orthorrhyncha by the niidrib if present,
prorainent on both sides and not grooved underneath. — Drummond, (ord coll. ?) n. 297.

21. H. lasiantha, 7?. Br. Prot. Nov. 29. A shrub attaining- G to 8 ft.,
the branches densely tomentose-villous. Leaves oblong* hmceolate or
oval-elHptical, with a short rigid callous point, contracted into a short
petiole, 1 to 1-J- or sometimes 2 in. long-, thick, entire, nerveless or very
obscurely and almost long-itudinally penniveined, ferruginous-siHvy
when young-, at leng-th g-labrous. Flowers not numerous, in axillary
clusters. Pedicels villous, 1 to 2 Hnes long\ Perianth densely villous
with spreading' hairs, the tube 3 to 4 Hnes long", recurved under the Hmb.
Torus smaH. Gland prominent. Ovary nearly sessile ; style short,
with a larg-e hiteral stig-matic disk. Fruit about 1 in. long' and 4 Hnes
broad, somewhat incurved, smooth, with a short beak. Seed-wing'
decurrent on the upper side only to below the nucleus. — Meissn. in PL
Preiss. i. 571, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 411.

^V. Australia. King George'8 Sound or adjoining districts, Baxter, Drummond,
n. 96, and otbers; Arthur river, OldHeld ; Stirling range aiid Gordon river, Maxwell.

Var. angustifolia. Leaves lanceolate, 14 to 3 in. long, approaching those of H.
eriantha. Fruit 1;^ in. long, 3 to 4 linos broad.— W. Australia, Drummond, n. 21.

22. H. eriantha, H. Br. Prot. Nov. 29. A tall shrub or small tree,
the young- shoots silky-pubescent, the adult foHag-e glabrous. Leaves
lanceolate, acuminate, acute or with a callous point, tapering- into u
short petiole, veinless except the scarcely prominent midrib, of a pale
colour Hke those of H. saUgna but rather thicker, 3 to 5 in. long-.

Hakea.] CIV. PROTEACEiE. 503

Flowers in axillary clustors, not verv nnmerous. Pedicels silky-villous,
1 to 2 lines long-. Perianth silky, tlie tube about 3 lines long-, reflexed
under the alniost acute limb. Torus small. Gland prominent, semi-
annuhir. Ovary slu^rtly stipitate ; style not very lonij;-, witli a larg-e
lateral stig-matic disk. Fruit about 1 in. long- and under | in. broad,
slig-htly incurved, rather smootli, with a short inciirved or straig"ht
beak, very obscure when the fruit is quite ripe. Seed-wing' very shortly
decurrent on the upper side only of the nucleus. — Meissn. in DC,
Prod. xiv. 417.

N. S. '^Vales. Mount Lindsay, ^•'raser; Hastings river, ^ec/^Zer; New EnglanJ,
C. Stuart ; Twofcild Bay, L. Jfo7-ton.
Victoria. Tauibo, Miita-Mitta to Genoa river in Gipps' Land, i^. Mueller.

23 ? H. megalosperma, Meissn. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 117, and
in DC. Prod. xiv. 417. A tall shrub quite glabrous, the foliag-e glaucous.
Leaves obovate-oblong' to narrow oblong-, very obtuse, tapering- into a
short petiole, l^ to 3 in. long-, very thick, veinless or obscurely penni-
veined with the very faint primary veins very oblique. Flowers un-
known. Fruit 2 to 2| in. long-, \^ in. broad, smooth, scarcely beaked,
the valves with dorsal ridg-es near the end forming- prominent truncate
appendag-es. Seed-wing' broadly decurrent on both sides round the
base of the nucleus.

TV. Australia. Mount Lesueur, between Moore and Murcliison rivers, Drummond,
Qth coll. n. 154.

The affinities of this and the following species must reniain very uncertain until the
flowers shall be known.

24? H. clavata, LaMl. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 31, ^. 41. A rig-id stout
spreading- shrub of 3 or 4 ft., our specimens quite glabrous. Leaves
narrow-oblong-, obtuse with a sliort very rig-id point, contracted at the
base, 1 to 2 in. long-, very thick and veinless. Flowers unknown.
Fruit about f in. long-, 4 or 5 lines broad, obtuse, not rugose, the valves
with dorsal conical horns at the end. Seed-wing- narrowly decurrent
at least on the upper side of the nucleus. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
X. 187, Prod. 386; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 417; ConcUum clavatim,
Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 141.

^V. Australia. King George's Sound or to the eastward, Lahillardiere, R. Brown,
Baxter ; Cape Arid, Maxwell.

25. H. orthorrhyncha, F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 214. A shrub of 2
or 3 ft., the young- branehes minutely hoary, the foliag-e glabrous.
Leaves in the t^^pical form narrow-linear, entire or pinnately divided
into 3 to 5 seg-ments, mucronate, 3 to 6 in. long-, thick but Hat, with
the marg-ins so closely revolute as to leave only a very narrow depressed
line between them on the under side, sometimes contracted into a short
terete petiole. Flowers in small sessile clusters chiefly on the old wood.
Pedicels 1 to l^ lines long;. Perianth silky-pubescent, the tube shortly
dihated almost g-ibbous at the base, the long-er seg-ments about 5 lines
lon'!", much revohite above the middle. Torus straig-ht. Gland very

604 CIV. PUOTEACEiE. [Hahm.

prominpnt, semiannular. Ovary sliortly stipitate ; style very lono-,
with a lateral stig-matic disk. Fruit li in. lono- or ratlier more, f in.
broad, smooth, taporinfi- into a rather long- straig'ht beak. 8eed-wing'
broadly docurrent on the upper side of the nucleus, less so on the lower
side.

TV. Australia. Sandy plaiiis, Mnrchison river, Oldfield.

Var. filiformis, F. Jhiell. Leaves narrower, more olten diviJed, Fonietimes terete,
less distinctly and sometimes not at all grooveJ. — W. Australia, t)ruinmond, in fruit
only, but probably the same species.

26. H. CandoUeana, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 262, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 39?. Branclies virg'ate, pubescent when youno-^ the foliage g'labrous.
Leaves some and sometimes nearly all narrow-linear, obtuse or with a
callous point, tapering- into a short petiole, thick but Hat with very
obtuse thickened marg-ins, the midrib more or less prominent under-
neath ; others or sometimes nearly all terete or slightly tiattened and
nerveless, mostly 1 to 2 in. long-. Flowers few, in sessile axinarv
clusters. Pedicels villous, about 1 line long*. Perianth villous with
spreading- hairs, IJ to near 2 lines long- but very much revolute witli
the upper seg-ments short. Torus straig-ht. Gland prominent, semi-
annular. Ovary contracted into a very short stipes ; stvle not long',
with a broad lateral stig-matic disk. Fruit 1 to l^ in. long-, 7 to 10
lines broad, incurved, nearly smooth, with a short conical inliexed beak.
Seed-wing- decurrent on both margins of the nucleus. — Il.falcata^ var.
Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 072.

y^. Australia, Drammond, n. 99, \st coll. n. &0'), 2ndcoll. n. 331 ; Canningriver,
Preiss, n. 603 ; Hampden, Clarke.

Var. campylorrhyncha, V. Muell. Leaves iiearly all flat and l\ lines broad. — Jlur-
chison river, Oldfield.

The S. Australian D. fiexilis, R. Br , to which IMeissner refers some of Driimmoncrs
specimens, is a very different plant in flowers and fruit, although somewhat simihir in
foliage.

27. H. trifurcata, 7?. Dr. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 183, Prod. 383.
A much-branched shrub, attaining- 8 or 10 ft., the young- shoots silkv-
pubescent, the adult foliag-e g-hibrous. Leaves mostly terete, slender
but rig-id, divided into 3 divaricate seg-ments as long- as the entire base
or undivided, acute and usually pung-ent-pointed, smooth or sbghtly
g-rooved, the whole leaf H to 3 in. long-; niixed with these are usually
a few llat oval oblong- obtuse or sometimes lanceolate and acute entire
leaves | to l^ in. long-. Flowers not very nunierous, in sessile axiHarv
clusters. Pedicels silky, about 2 lines long. Perianth silky-villous or
hirsute, the tube straig-ht, 3 lines long-, the limb slig-litfv recurved.
Torus small. Ghmd very prominent, truncate, half cup-shaped, Ovarv
abnost sessile ; style not'long-, with a larg-e lateral stigmatic disk. Fruit
f in. long- or rather less, \ in. broad, slig-htlv incurved, obtuse, smootJi.
Seed-wing' not decurront.— Meis.<n. in Pl.'Preiss. i. Hbd,, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 404; Conchium frifurcatum, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 122 j
H. mixta and //. tricruris, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 35.

HuJira.] CIV. PHOTEACIwTi. 505

Vr. Australia. King George's SounJ, li. Brown, Bnxter, A. Oimningham, anil
otlicrs ; Swan river to King George's Soiuul, Drummond, n. 102, 103, Ist coll. n. G26,
Preiss, n. 619; Murcliison river, Oldfidd.

H. Boiicheana, Knnth. Ind. Seni. Hort. Berol. 1844, in Linnsea, xviii. 499; Meis.sn.
in DC. Trod. xiv. 404, i^aid to have been raised froni Tasmnnian seeds, is nevenhelcss
prohabiy the Westcrn H. trifurcata, the only difference relied upoii heing iii the Ihit
leaves dcscrihed as hxnceolate and pungent-pointed, hut that occurs heie and there in
sevcral of the King George's Sound speciiuens.

28. H. erinacea, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 559, ivid in DC. Prod. xiv.
404. An erect shrub of 2 or 3 ft., the branches tomentose or villous,
the foliag'e g-labrous. Leaves divided into 3 or 5 terete rigid pung-ent-
pointed seg-nients either entire or ag-ain biiid or trifid, usually shorter
than the entire part and the whole leaf rarely much above 1 in. long-.
Flowers in small sessile axillary chisters. Pedicels pubescent, about 3
lines long-. Perianth densely but shortly villous, the tube about 3
lines long", shglitly recurved under the broadly conical limb. Torus
straig-ht. Gkmd very prominent, semiannular. Ovary ahiiost sessile ;
style rather short, with a hiteral oblong"-linear stig-matic disk about 1
line long'. Fruit 7 to 8 lines long", 2 to 3 lines broad, smootli, falcate
or abruptly curved in the middle into a beak almost as broad as the
thicker base. Seed-wing- not decurrent.

yjV. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, n. 107, Ist eoll. n. 601, Freiss, n. 601.
Var. lon(jiflora. Perianth-tuhe 4 lines, the limb and the stigmatic disk 2 lines long.
— Swan river, Drummond.

29. H. platysperma, Houh. Ic. Pl. t. 433. Branches minutely
hoary-pubescent. Leaves terete, smooth, thick, rig-id, pung-ent-pointed,
somewhat attenuate at the base, mostly erect, 3 to 5 in. long-. Flowers
in axillary sessile clusters. Pedicels miuutely silky-pubescent, 2 to 3
lines long". Perianth minutely silky-pubescent, the tube shortly dilated
at the base, much revolute, above 4 lines long-, the upper seg-ments
much shorter. Torus straig-ht. Gland broad, concave. Ovary stipi-
tate ; style long", with a long* narrow lateral stig-matic disk. Fruit when
perfect quite g-lobular, fully 2 in. diameter, very hard. Seed-wing-
covering' the whole inner face of the valves, nearly ec{ually broad all
round the nucleus, which is more muricate on the outer face than in any
otlier species. — Meissn. in. Pl. Preiss. i. 555, ii. 259, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 394.

"Vy. Australia, Drummond, 2nd coll. n. 329, 4</i coll. n. 287, Preiss, n. 551 ; Stir-
ling Range, Maxwdl.

30. H. brachyptera, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 390. A low
intricately-branched shrub, the young- slioots silky, the older foliag'e
g-labrous. Leaves terete, slender, divaricate, acute, scarcely attenuate
at the base, 1 to 3 in. long". Flowers very small, in sessile axillary
clusters. Pedicels silky, about 1 line long-. Perianth silky-pubescent,
revolute under tlie g-lobular limb, the shorter segrments scarcely 1 line
long-. Torus straig-ht. Gland semiannular. Ovary nearly sessile ;
style not long-, with a larg-e oblirpie stig-raatic disk. 'Fruit compressed,
very rug-ose, 1 in. long- and nearly as broad, with a very sliort lateral

506 riv. PKoTEACEiE. \^Hahea.

beak sometimes scarcelv prominent. Seed-wing* decurrent along* botli
sides round the base of the nucleus.
IV. Australia, Drummond, ith coll. n. 291.

31. H. Kippistiana, Meissn. in Hooh. Kcm Journ. vii. 115, and in
DC. Frud. xiv. 4(Jl'. Branches virg-ate, nearl}^ g-labrous, but the young'
shoots more or less silky-pubescent. Leaves terete, slender, smooth,
mucronate, attenuate at the base, 1| to 3 in. long. Flowers small, in
shortly peduncuhate axillary clusters, but not seen fully out, the
rhachis pedicels and perianths sprinkled with appressed hairs. Peri-
anth-tube slender, reHexed under the g-lobuhir limb. Gland promi-
nent, semicupuhir. Ovary shortly stipitate ; style (not long ?) with
an obhque broad stigmatic disk. Fruit f to 1 in. long-, nearly \ in.
broad, smooth, with a broad obtuse compressed beak, the valves some-
times witli a slight dorsal gibbosity near the end. Seed-wing decur-
rent on tlie upper side only.

W. Australia, Drummond, bth coll. suppl. n. 14. — The fruit, like tliat of H.
Pampliniana and H. commutata, is shaped iike that of H leucoptera, with which F.
Wueller, Fragm. vi. 219, unites H. Kippistiana, hut the flowers are differeut and the
fruit quite smooth.

32. H. Preissii, Meis.m. in Pl. Prci.ss. i. 557, afid in DC. Prod. xiv.
399. A tall shrub or tree attaining" 30 ft., with very vigid branches,
our specimens quite ghibrous, even the young shoots. Leaves terete,
smooth, very thiek and rigid, pungent-pointed, in some specimens all
xmder 1 in. in others 1 to 1| in. long. Flowers in axiDary chisters,
the rhachis | to 1 line long*^ often persistent on the okl branches,
Pedicels silky-pubescent, 2 to 3 hnes long". Perianth silky-pubescent,
the tube shglitly dilated towards the base, scarcely 2 lines long-,
much revohite upwards. Torus straight. Ghind large, semicupuh\r.
Ovary very shortly stipitate ; style shg-htly chivate under the broad
lateral stigmatic disk. Fruit about | in. long", 3 or 4 Hnes broad,
transversely truncate at the end with the horizontally couical dorsal
liorns of the valves, which are sometimes very prominent, sometimes
obscure.

^V. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, n. 190, \st coll., Preiss, n. 617 h; Dar-
ling ranges, Oldfield; Jarramup, Maxivell.

In herb. F. Mueller there is a specimen in friiit, with longer leaves, apparently of thia
Bpecies, hut with the fruit rather hmger though not broader. We have also specimeus
in leaf only of what may be the same species, from Sharks Bay, Milne.

33. H. pugioniformis, Cav. Ann. Hist. Nat. i. 213, t. 11, Ic. vi.

24, t. 533. A shrub usually of 2 to 4 ft., but sometimes twice as tall,
the branches and fohage glabrous or very minutely silky-pubescent.
Leaves terete, smooth, rigid with a short pungent point, from under
1 in. to near 2 in. long. Flowers few, in axinary sessile clusters.
Pedicels 1 to 2 hnes long, pubescent as well as the periantli with
appressed or spreading hairs. Perianth-tube slender, 2 to 3 hnes
long, reflexed under the ovoid hmb. Torus smalL Glnnd promincnt.

Hahea.] civ. j-roteace.e. ^O'

semiannular or semicnpular. Ovary shortly stipitate ; style lono-^
with a nearly straight convex or very broadly conical disk. Fruit
lanceohite, acuniinate, about 1 in. long- and \ in. broad, rug-ose outside
about the middle with an obH(|uely transverse prominent crest. Seed-
wing- scarcelv decurrent on the upper side of the nucknis. — R. Br. m
Trans. Linn.'Soc. x. 178, Prod. .S81 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 398 ;
Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 324 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 353 ; Reichb. Ic. et
Descr. Pl. t. 23. — Conckium piifjiomfornw, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix.
122 ; Conchium longifolium, Sm. l.c. 121 ; Lambcrtia teretifulia, G;ertn. t.
Fr. iii. t. 217 ; Banksia tcrctifolia, Salisb. Prod. 51 ; Hahea glahra,
Schrad. Sert. Hann. 27. 1. 17 ; H.fjlauca and H.parilis, Knight, Prot. 106.

N. S. "Wales. Port Jacksonto the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieher, n. 13, and
others ; Hastings river, BecHer.

Victoria. Grampians, low scruhby hills towards Mount Ararat, between Melbourne
and the Dandenong vanges and in Gipps' Land, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Port Dah-ymple and Derwent river, R. Brown ; common in many
parts of the island in poor soils, J. D. Hooher.

The Tasmanian and Victorian specimens have generally but not constantly rather
larger flowers, with more spreading hairs than those tVom N. 8. Waies.

34. H. Pampliniana, Kipp. ; Mcissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 395.
Young branches silky-tomentose, the adult foliage glabrous. Leaves
terete, slender, finely pointed, slightly attenuate at the base, li to 3
in. long. Flowers in axiUary clusters mostly on short peduncles.
Pedicels about 2 lines long. Perianth &ilky-pubescent, tlie tube
slender, al)out 3 lines long, rellexed under the globular limb. Torus
small. Gland prominent, semiannular. Ovary shortly stipitate ; style
not very long, with an oblique disk scarcely umbonate in the centre.
Fruit 1 in. long, nearly f in. broad, with a short broad straight beak,
shaped like the fruit of H. lcucoptcra but smooth, the valves thickened
at the end but scarcely horned. Seed-wing shortly decurrent on the
upper margin of the nucleus.

Queensland? Curriwillighie, Dalton (the speciraen incomplete).
Wr. S. TVales. Castlereagh river, Woolls.
Victoria ? Murray desert, Herh. F. Muellcr.

S. Australia. Spencer's Gulf, Herh. F. Mueller ; Streaky Bay, Bahhage; En-
counter Bay, Whiitaker ; Tattiara Country, Woods.

35 ? H. vittata, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 182, Prod. 383.
Young shoots minutely ferruginous or hoary, th« adult foliage
glabrous. Leaves terete, slender, rigid, fiuely almost ])ungent-pointed,
not attenuate at the base, 1| to 3 in. long. Flowers not seen except
some loose remains which appear to have been like those of H. Pampli-
niana, the perianth silky-pubescent, the torus small, the style rather
long with an orbicular lateral stiijmatic disk. Fruit ovoid, nearly | in.
long, fully 4 lines broad, spotted or slightly verrucose, scarcely beaked,
marked with a broad smooth dark line down each suture, the valves
with a short dorsal horn near the end. Seed-wing decurrent along the
upper margin only of the nucleus. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 401.
S. Australia. Port Lincoln, R. Brown. The foliage is tliat of 7i. rampUviaiia,

508 civ. PHOTKArK.T:. 'Ilahta.

aiid if tlio fragnieiits of flowers above nientioiied really beiong to tiio speeimens, it is
pnssiblc tiiat sonie of the flowering speiimcns rcleired to H. Painpliniana may belong
ratlierto II. vittata. Thc fniits o"f tlic tw i as far as Ivnown arc very ditlereiit.

3G. H. rostrata, F. MnrlL ; Mri.-isn. in Linneea xxvi. 259, and in
DC. Prod. xiv. 39G. An erect slirul) of several feet, g-labrotis except
the inliorescence. Leaves terete, smootli, rig-id, mucronate, \\ to 4 in.
long-. Flowers in sessile axillary clusters. Periantli silkv-pubescent,
the tube about 3 lines long-, mueh revolute under the globular limb.
Torus small. Gland usually crenate or shortly 2- or 3-lobed. Ovary
shortly stipitate ; style not very long-, the stigmatic disk with a promi-
nent cone as in //. rugosa. Fruit recurved at the base, incurved from
the middle, with a closely inflexed conical beak of 3 or 4 lines, the
whole fruit 1 to l^- in. long- and nearly f in. broad, more or less rug-ose
but not crisfate.

Victoria. CJranipians, Mitchdl ; Mount Stnrgeon, Eohcrtson ; Gletielg river and
Moiint Alnipt, /'. Mueller.

S. Australia. Lofty range and Kangaroo Island, F. Muellcr ; Rt. Vincent's Gulf,
Blandoicsli.

3?. H. rugosa, P. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 1^9, Prod. 381. A
spreading' or prostnite shrub, g-hdjrous except the inflorescence or the
young- shoots minutely silky. Leaves terete, divaricate, smooth, rigid,
pung-ent-pointed, f to 1| or rarely 2 in. long-. Flowers small, in axil-
lary chisters. Pedicels silky-pubescent, short. Perianth silky-pubes-
cent, the tube about 2 lines long", recurved under the hmb. Torus
straight. Ghmd semiannular, truncnte or crenate. Ovary shortly stipi-
tate; style not very long- ; stig-matic disk obhque, with aprominent cone.
Fruit about | in. long-, under | in. broad, recurved at the base, incurved
above the middle, verv rug-ose or cristate, with an inflexed conical beak.
Seed-wing- not decurrent. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 397.

Victoria. Macalister river, towards its source, F. Mueller ; Glenelg river,
Bohert^on.

S. Australia. Port I.incoln, R. Brown ; Munay river, Lofty range, F. 31ueller ;
Bethanie, Oswald ; Kangaroo Island, Waterhouse.

The cone on the stigmatic disk of this species and of //. ro.^trata, and in a less
degree on tiiat of /7. pugioniformis, connects them with the section Conogijnoidis, but
tlie pubescent flowers and general affinity with S. epigluttis piace them rather in
Fuhahea.

38. H. epiglottis, Lahill. Pl. Nov. IIoU. i. 30, t. 40. An erect shnib
attaining- ? or 8 ft., g-labrous except the inflorescence and the silky-
pubescent young- shoots. Leaves terete, smooth, rigid, mucronate, l^
to 3 in. long-. Flowers small, in axiHary chisters. Perianth silky-pubos-
cent, the tube near 2 Hnes long-, recurved under the hmb. Torus straiglit.
Ghmd semiannuh^r. Ovary shortly stijutate ; style not very long- ; stig--
matic disk obhque, without the prominent cone of //. rnffosa. Fruit 7
to 9 hnes long-, 3 to 4 Hnes broad, rug-ose but not cristate, recurved at
the base, incurved above the middle, with a short conical incurved beak.
Seed-wing- not decurrent. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 179, Prod.
382 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 395 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 324 ; Conchium

Hakca.] civ. photeace.e. 509

cpiplottis, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 141 ; Conchium tcrctifoVuim, Gfertn.
f. Fr. iii. 217, t. 219; llaltca MiUigani, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 395.

Tasmania. Port Dalryinple anil Dcrwent liver, R. Brown ; commoii in various
parts of tho island, ascending to 3000 feet, /. D. Jlooker.

Series 2. GLABRiFLORiE. — Periantli glabrous. Torus straiglit or
slightly oblique, tlie g-land semiannular or none.

39. H. amplexicaulis, li. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 184, Prod. 384.
An erect shrub attaining- 10 to 12 ft., our specimens g-labrous. Leaves
sessile, ovate-oblong- or hmceohite, unduhite sinuate and prickly-toothed,
deeply cordate and chisping- the stem with rounded prickly-toothed
auricles, the whole leaf 3 to 8 in. long-, rig-id, more or less g'hiucous,
penniveined but the veins scarcely prominent. Flowers white, numerous,
in short axilhiry peduncuhite chisters or racemes, the peduncles 1 to 2
lines long- and g-hibrous, the rhachis about as long- and villous. Pedicels
g-labrous, fihform, 4 to 6 Hnes long-. Perianth g-hibrous, the tube about

3 Hnes iong-, much revohite under the globuhir hmb. Torus somewhat
obhque. Gland very prominent, semictipuhir. Ovary shortly stipitate ;
style long-, chivate under the obhque convex disk. Fruit about 1 in.
long" and g in. broad or rather hirg-er, smooth or shglitly muricate, shortly
acuminate. Seed-wing shortly decurrent, especially on tlie upper mar-
g-in of thenucleus. — Meissn. in Ph Preiss. i. 565, and in DC. Prod. xiv.
40? ; //. triformis, Lindh Swan Riv. App. 3(1.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, Oldfield, F. Mueller ; and
thence towards Swau river, Drummond, istcoll. n. 610, Freiss, n. 548.

40. H. glabella, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 28. An erect spreading- or dif-
fuse shrub described sometimes as g-rowing" into a small tree of 12 to
15 ft., sometimes as low and prostrate, quite g-labrous or the branches
more or less villous. Leaves sessile, obovate to oblong"-cuneate, entire or
niore frequently sinuate and prickly-toothed, usually contracted below
the middle, dihated at the base, deeply cordate and embracing- the stera
with rounded and entire or ang-uhir and prickly-toothed auricles, the
whole leaf 1| to 3 in. long-. Fhjwers rather smaller than in //. amplcxi-
caulis, in axilhiry clusters or short racemes, the rhachis 1 to 3 hnes long"
and quite g-labrous as well as tlie pedicels and perianths. Pedicels 2 to

4 hnes long-. Perianth-tube 2 to 2| hnes long-, reflexed under the hmb.
Torus nearly straight. Gland prominent, semiannular. Ovary shortly
stipitate; style long-, with an oblique stig-matic disk. Fruit 1 to l^ in.
long, 6 to 7 hnes broad, smooth or sparingly muricate, with a broad,
obtuse slig-htly incurved beak. Seed-wing- decurrent along- the upper
marg-in of the nucleus. — Meissn. in Ph Preiss. i. 564, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 407 ; H. dcnticulata, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 28 ; H. prostrata, R. Br. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 184, Prod. 384; Meissn. in Ph Preiss. i. 565, and
in DC. Prod. xiv. 407.

"W. Australia. King Georgc's Sound and ailjoining districts, R. Brown, Baxter,
Drummond, 'Ard cnU. n. 278, Preiss, n. 539, 542, and otliers ; Swan river, Fraser,
Drwiimoiid, Ist ctjll. n. G12, Prdss, n. bZS \ Murchison river, Oldfield.

510 civ. proteacea:. [IIaJ,ea.

H. ylahella and H. prostrata aie iisually distinfjuishcd by thc fonner being a tall
glabrous Swan river shrub, and the latter prostrate with villoiis stems from Kiiig
Genrge's Souiid, but some of 01dfieU]'s s))ecimens with villous braiiches are described as
attaining 12 to 15 ft., and some of F. Mueller'8 glabrous ones from Stirliiig Kange as
10 to 12 ft. bigh, whilst some of Itrummond'8 gl.ibrous Swan river ones are e^ndently as
}>rostrate as Brown's typical H. prostrata. The foliage is equaliy vaiiable in all, and
tlie flowers and fruits the same as far as known.

41. H. auriculata, Mrissn. in Hooli. Kcw Jouni. vii. 116, and in
DC. Prod. xiv. 400. An erect slirub of 2 ft. or more, g-labrous or the
branches pubescent. Leaves usually cuneate, broad and truncate
or sinuate and prickly-toothed at the end, tapering- into a long*
narrow lower portion, sessile, and again dihited at the base into
stem-chisping- auricles more or less ang-ular or prickly-toothed,
but sometimes the upper end divided into 3 narrow pung-ent-pointed
h)bes or the whole leaf trom a broad stem-clasping base linear-lanceo-
hite pung'ent-pointed and entire or with a pair of divaricate lobes, the
leaf varying- from 1|^ to near 3 in. long'. Flowers in axillary clusters.
Pedicels 2 or 3 lines long-, glabrous as well as the rhachis. Perianth
g-labrous, tlie tube about 2 lines long-, rellexed imder the globular limb.
Torus nearly straig'lit. Gland small, semiannular. Ovary nearly ses-
sile ; st)de rather long", thickened under tlie oblirpie convex stigmatic
disk. Fruit about | in. long- and | in. broad, muricate with long- prickles,
the valves with a thick dorsal horn near the end. Seed-wing- surroxmd-
ing- the nucleus and occiipying- nearly the wliole breadth of the valves.

^V. Australia. Murchison river, OldJieUl, Drummond, 6th coll. n. 197.

Var. spiithulata. Leaves with the long winged base half stem-clasping, but scarcely
dilated iii the mnjority of leaves, although here and there showing small prickly-toothed
auricles. — H. attenvata, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 406, as to Drummond's specimens,
not of R. Browii. — Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. n. 615.

Some of the forms of H. varia have the foliage almost of some forms of H. auriculata,
but tlie flowers and fruits are very different.

42. H. cristata, i?. Br. Prot. Nov. 28. An erect shrub, attaining-
6 to 8 ft., our specimens c|uite g-labrous. Leaves from broadly obovate
to oblong", sinuate and prickly-toothed, tapering- into a short petiole, l^
to 3 in. long-, rig-id, glaucous, obscurely penniveined. Flowers smalf,
in short axillary racemes, the villous rluichis 2 to 4 lines long-. Pedicels
fiUform, g-labrous, 2 to 3 lines long-. Perianth g-labrous, the tube about
1| lines long-, revolute under the globuhir limb. Torus slig-htlv obhrpie.
Gland small but prominent, erect, obovate, truncate. Ovary shortlv
stipitate ; stig-matic disk broad, oblique, slig-htly convex. Fruit about
1| in. long- and 1 in. broad, with a broad slig-htly incurved beak ; each
valve bearing- usually next the sutures an irreg-ular long-itudinal rig-id
toothed wing- or crest sometimes decurrent along- both sutures nearly
to the base, sometimes along- the upper suture only or ahnost obsolete.
Seed-wing- narrowly decurrent down both marg-ins of the nucleus, whicli
is less lacunose on "the outer face than in most species. — Meissn. in Ph
Preiss. i. 564, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 406 ; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 443.

W. Australia. Swan rivcr, Fraser, Drummond, \st coll. n. 614, Preiss, n. 546.

Hukca.] CIV. l'UOTEACEiE. 511

43. H. linearis, 7?. Br. in Trans. IJnn. Soc. x. 183, Prod. 384. An
erect bushy brijiht ureen g'hibrous shrub. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceo-
late, puug-ent-pointed, entire or bordered by a few small })rickly teeth,

1 to l^ or rarely '2 in. lont;', thick and rig'id, veiftk^ss except the scarcely
prominent midrib. Flowers small, in axiUary chisters or sliort racemes,
the rhachis 1 to 2 lines long-, rpiite ghibrous. Perianth g'hdjrous, white,
the tube slender, 2h to 3 hnes h)ng-, revohite under the g-lobular Hmb.
Torus small. Ghind small but prominent, truncate or 2-iobed. Ovary
stipitate ; style not very long-, with an obhque orbicuhir stig-matic disk.
Fruit (not seen attached) 1 in. long-, about ^ in. broad, on a recurved
stipes, sHg-htly incurved, smooth, witli a sliort conical beak, the valves
with conical dorsal protuberances or short horns near the end. Seed-
Aving" shortly decurrent on the upper margin only of the nucleus. —
Meissn. in PL Preiss. i. 562, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 405 ; Sweet. Fl.
Austral. t. 43 ; Bot. Reg\ t. 1489.

\ir. Australia. King George's Sound, JR. Broivn, Fraser, Milne, Maxwell,
Drummond, 2nd coll. n. 335 ; Canning river, Oldjield.

44. ? H. stenocarpoides, F. Muell. Herh. Apparently tall and
quite ghibrous. Leaves oblong--cuneate, obtuse, tapering- to the base,
entire, 3 to 4 in. long-, thick, obscurely triplinerved witb the addition
sometimes of a few very oblique veins. Flowers about 6 or 8 tog-ether,
umbellate on a common axillary peduncle of about h in., the pedicels
scarcely \ in. long-, all as well as the Howcrs quite g-labrous. Perianth
about ^ in. long-, with a short broad oblique almost gibbous base, then
narrow, revolute under the globular limb. Torus small, without any
gland. Ovar}' on a stipes of nearly 3 lines much thickened at the base ;
style scarcely 2 lines long-, with a larg-e orbicular lateral stig-matic disk.
Fruit unknown,

VT. Australia, Drummond {Hh coll.?) svpjd. n. 15. The inflorescence is quite
anomalous, and tlie genus must remain imcertain until the friiit shall have been ob-
served. There are ceitainly only 2 ovules in the ovary, collateraily attached, and the
phmt has much more the aspect of a Hakea thau of a GreviUea,.

45. H. mscifolia, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 30, t. 39. An erect
bushy shrub of 6 to 8 ft., the branches and young- shoots hirsute with
long- fine spreading- hairs, intermingied with a fulvous tomentum.
Leaves on long- petioles when small, the larger ones almost sessile,
ovate oblong- or lanceolate, pung-ent-pointed, all under | in. in some
specimens, in others narrower and near 1 in. long-, veinless andscabrous-
pubescent or g-labrous above, tomentose or at length nearly giabrous
underneath with the midrib prominent. Flowers small, white, in dense
clusters terminating- short leafy branches. Pedicels giabrous, filiform

2 to 4 lines long. Perianth giabrous, the tube about H lines long-, re-
fiexed under the limb. Torus small. Gland prominent, semiannular.
Ovary nearly sessile ; style short, the stig-matic disk broad, sligiitly
convex. Fruit h to f in. long-, \ in. broad, scarcely beaked. Seed-wing-
decurrent only on the upper marj^in of the nucleus. — R. Br. in Trans.

612 civ. PROTEACE^ [Hahca.

Linn. Soc. x. 18G, Prod. 385 ; Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 5?6, andin DC.
Prod. xiA'. 419; Coiichium niscifoUum., Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 141.

W. Australia. Kinp; George'8 Sonn(t and adjuiniiig districts, Lahillardiere, E.
Brown, ;uul lUMny otliers, and tlience to Swan river, Fraser, Drnmmond, ^st colL, Srd
coll. n. 276, Preiss, n. 611, and otliers. TLis spocies also stands aione witliout any
iiuiuediale affinity with any otlier.

46. H. saligna, Knight, Pmt. 108. A tall busby sbrub, quite gla-
brous or tbe younf;' sboots sH<i'btly silky. Leaves usually bmceolate,
obtuse or witb a sbort callous point, tapering- into a sbort petiole, 3 to
6 in. long", btit sometimes oblong--elliptical and 2 to 4 in. long-, of a
pale colour, veinless or obscurely and obliquely penniveined. Flowers
small, in dense axillary clusters, tbe very sbort rbacbis birsute. Pedicels
glabrous, filiform, about 3 liues long-. Periiintli glabrous, tbe tube
scarcely 2 lines long-, mucb revolute under tbe g-lobular limb. Torus
small. Gland small. Ovary nearly sessile ; style long-, witli a large
lateral convex stig-matic disk. Fruit about 1 in. long-, -|- to | in. broad,
witb a sbort incurved beak, more or less rug-ose and sometimes covered
witb larg-e very prominent tubercles. Seed-wing- sbortly decurrent
along" tbe upper marg-in of tbe nucleus. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
X. 185, Prod. 385 ;• Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 416 ; Sweet, Fl. Austral.
t. 27 ; Embothrium saliffnum, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 215 ; Conchium sulignum,
Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 124 ; Umbothrium salicijblium, Vent. Jard.
Cels. t. 8 ; Conchium sulicifolium, Ga^rtn. f. Fr. iii. 217 ; Hahca mimo-
soidcs A. Cunn. ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 416; H.^forulenta, Meissn.
in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 116, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 416.

Queensland. Araucaria ranges, Leichhardt ; BrisLane river, iloreton Bay, A.
CnniiiiujlHim, F. MueUer.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Bhie Mountains, B. Broivn, and nianyothers;
Argyie County, Fraser ; New Enghmd, C. Stuart.

The Queenshind specimens, to wliich the name of H. mimosoides specially applies,
have louger leaves than niost of the N. S. Wales ones, and F. Mueller^s have the fruits
narrower and less tuhercuhite, but several N. S. Wales ones have the same long leaves,
with tiie fruits niiknown. Sonie of U. Stuart's New England specimens have the leaves
shorter and broader than usuah It will require, however, much more complete speci-
mens to estabiisli any definite varieties.

47. H. verrucosa, F. MucII. Fragm. v. 25, vi. 218. A handsome
shrub of several ft., tbe brancbes closely pubescent. Leaves terete,
smootb, rig'id, mucronate, 1| to 3 in. long-. Flowers red, in short
racemes, mostly terminating- sbort leafy brancbes, the pubescent or
villous rbacbis 2 to 4 lines long-. Pedicels g-labrous, slender, 1 to 2
lines long-. Periantb g-labrous, the tube 4 to 5 lines long-, narrow,
opening- on tbe lower side only, revolute under tbe ovoid-g-lobular
limb. Torus ratber oblique. Gland broad, semicircular, scarcely pro-
minent. Ovary very sbortly stipitate ; style long-, witb an oblique
almost lateral stig-matic disk. Fruit above 1 in. long-, about \ in. broad,
recurved at tbe bnsc, tbe valves with a conical dorsal protuberance near
tbe end. Seed-wing- dccurrent about half way down the up})er marg-in
of tbe nucieus.

Hakeu.] CIV. PROTEACEiE. 513

IV. or E. Australia ? A very distinct species, although allied to H. purpurea,
ciiltivated in the Melbonrne Botanic Garden as West Australian, but suspected by F.
Mueller to be otcastem oiigin.

48. H. purpurea, Hook. i>i Mitch. Trop. Anstr. 348. A hard rigid
bushy shrub of several ft., o-labrous except a few silky hairs on the
very young* shoots. Leaves terete, smooth, once or twice bifid or trifid,
rig"id and pung-ent-pointed, the whole leaf usually IJ to 2 in. long*, the
divided portion aboul as long- as the simple base. Flowers "crimson,"
in sessile or shortly ])edunculate axillary umbels. Pedicels glabrous,
fihform, 3 or 4 Hnes long*. Perianth glabrous, the tube about 5 lines
long", dilated below the middle, open early along the under side, at-
tenuate and revohite under the limb. Torus straig-ht, rather broad.
Gland scarcely prominent. Ovary shortly stipitate ; style long, with an
obliqtie almost lateral stigmatic disk. Fruit l^ to 1| in, long", f in.
broad, nearly straight, scarcely beaked. Seed-wing- very broad, decur-
rent down both margins and round the base of the nucleus. — Meissn.
in Linnaja xxvi. 358, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 404 ; Grevillea trisecta, F.
Muell. First Gen. Rep. 17 (name only).

N. S. Wales. Warrego river, Mitchell; Darling Desert, Nielson (specimens in
leaf onlj).

Victoria. N.W. interior of the Colony, F. 3Iueller (the specimens seen all
cultivated).

49. H. gibbosa, Cav. Aml. Hist. Nat. i. 215, Ic. vi. 24, t. 534. A

shrub of several ft., the branches and young leaves hirsute with spread-
ing- hairs, the older foliage sometimes glabrous. Leaves terete, entire,
smooth, rigid, pungent-pointed, 1 to 3 in. long-. Flowers in sessile
axillary clusters. Pedicels short, densely villous. Perianth glabrous,
the tube about 3 Hnes long, revolute under the g-lobular limb. Ovary
contracted into a very short stipes ; style not long, with an obHque
stigmatic disk. Fruit ovoid-globular, oblique, about 1 in. diameter,
rugose, with a very short thick obtuse obhque or incurved beak, the
valves with small dorsal horns near the end. Seed-wing- narrowly de-
current down both margins of the nucleus. — R. Br. in Trans. Linp
Soc. X. 181, Prod. 382 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 401 ; Banksia fjibbosa,
Sm. in White Voy. 224, t. 22, f. 2 ; Conclmim gihhosmn Sm. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. ix. llO ; Conchium spJioeroideum, Sm. l.c. 120 ; Conchium cor-
mituni, Guertn. f. Fr. iii. 216, t. 219 ; Hakea puhescens, Schrad. Sert.
Hannov. 27 ; Conchium pubescens. Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 141 ; H.
pinifolia, Salisb. Prod. 51 ; H. lanigcra, Ten. Fl. Nap. i. 22, t. 6.
N. S. TVales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieler, n. 14, and others.

50. H. propinqua, A. Cunn. in Field, N. S. Wales, 327. A bushy
shrub, thc adult foHage glabrous, the branches scarcely pubescent.
Leaves crowded, terete, smooth, mucronate, rather thick, shortl}' at-
tenuate at the base, mostly 1 to 1| in. long. Flowers very small, in
Httle axillary clusters. Pedicels hirsute, scarcely 1 Hne long.*^ Perianth
glabrous, revolute, about 1 Hne long-. Torus straight. Gland small.

VOL. V. L L

614 civ. PROTEACE^. [Hahca.

Ovary nearly sessile ; style not long-, with a large oblique stigniatic
disk. Fruit above 1 in. long" and nearly as broad, very rugose, with
larg-e prominent ohtuse tubercles, straight, scarcely beaked. Seed-wing;
decurrent along- the upper margin ot" the nucleus. — Meissn. in DC.
Prod. xiv. 397 ; H. pachijplnjlla, Sieb. in Spreng-. Syst. Cur. Post. 46,
and in Roem. and Schult. Syst. iii. Mant. 282 ; E. Br. Prot. Nov. 26.
N. S. Wales. Blue Mountaius, A. Cunningliam, Slebei;n. 11; Backhome.

61. H. nodosa, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 1?9, Prod. 382. A shrul)
of 2to 6 ft., quite g-hibrous or the young- shoots minutely silky-pubes-
cent, the branches rather slender. Leaves rather crowded, terete and
slender or rather broader and slig'htly compressed, mucronate, smooth,
slightly attenuate at the base, 1 to 1| or rarely 2 in. long-. Flowers
minute, in axillary clusters. Pedicels scarcely 1 line long-, slig-htly
silky. Perianth g-labrous, scarcely 1 line long-, revolute under the
limb. Torus straig-ht or nearly so. Gland prominent, erect, semi-
annular. Ovary very shortly stipitate ; style not long-, with a large
very oblique stigTnatie disk. Fruit | to near 1 in. long", | in. broad,
either verrucose with a broad obtuse smooth but otherwise scarcely
distinct bcak, or the whole fruit smooth. Seed-wing- decurrcnt down the
upper marg-in to below the nucleus. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 397 as
to Brown's phmt only ; H.^fiexilis, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 180,
Prod. 382 ; Meissn. l.c. 396, also as to Brown's phmt only ; H. scmiplana,
F. MuelL ; Meissn. in Linnaea xxvi. 359, and in DC. Prod. xiv, 397.

Victoria. Port Pliillip, R. Brown, Adamson; hfaths near Briilgewafer Bay and
P<iitland, lioherfson ; niarshy pastures frora Dandenong Creck to Ciipps' Laud, /'.
Mueller ; Granipians ? Mitchell.

52. H. acicularis, i?. Br. iu Tra>is. Linn. Soc. x. 181, P/W. 383. A
tall shrub or small l;ushy tree, g-labrous except the inilorescence, or the
young- branches silky and the foliag-e rarely minutely pubescent.
Leaves terete, smooth, rigdd, pung-ent-pointed, 1 to 2 or rarely near 3
in. long', not attenuate at the base. Flowers in sessile axillary clusters.
Pedicels silky-pubescent, 1 to 2 lines long*. Perianth g-labrous, the
tube about 2 lines long- in the t}^ical form, revolute under the limb.
Torus straight. Gland prominent, seminnnular. Ovary contracted
into a very short stipes; style not long-, widi an oblique stig-matic disk.
Fruit usually about 1 in. long- and ^ to | in. broad, very thick and
rugose, with a short obtuse smooth and straight beak. Seed-wing* de-
current along- the upper margin only of the nucleus. — Meissn. iu DC.
Prod. xiv. 400 ; Endl. Iconogr. t. 24 ; Reichb. Ic. et Descr. Pl. t. 24 ;
Cunchmm ucicnlure, Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 111 ; Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
ix. 121 ; Huhea sericea, Schrad. Sert. Hannov. 27 ; Conchium compressum,
Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 121 ; Banksia tenuifoUa, Salisb. Prod. 50
(Sm.) ; H. decurrens R. Br. Prot. Nov. 27 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv.
401.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Bhie Mountains, E. Brown, Sieber, n. 10,
and Fl. Mirt n. 481, and many others ; Liveipool Plains, A. Cunningham ; Twolold
Bay, F. M%u llcr.

Ilakea.] civ. proteace^. 515

Var. lissosperma. Leavcs usually more rigiJ and stor.ter, somctinies 3 to 4 in. long,
but sonietimes like those of tlie tjpical form. Perianth about 3 Hncs long. Fruit
broatler, scarcely beaked. Nucleus of the secd less rugo.se but rarely quite 8niooth on
the outer iace. All tliese chararters, liowever, dccur occasionally in N. S. Wales
specimens, or are scarcely mavked in southern ones. — H. lissusperma, R. Br., in Trans.
Linn. Soc. x. 180, Prod. 382; iMeissii. in DC. Frod. xiv. 4()1 ; //. acicularis and H.
lusospernia, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 325; H. hrachijrrhyhcha, F. Muell., First Gen. Kep.
17 (name only) ; H. obliqua, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1682 V nol of IL Br.

Victoria. Wilson's Promontory, Macaiister river, aud ranges near StiegUtz, F.
Jlueller.

Tasmania. Derwent river, li. Broivn ; Cape Barren and Fiinders Islands, Bass's
Straits, Gunn, 3Iilligan; common in subalpiue stations from 2000 to 4000 ft. elevation,
/. D. Hoolcer.

53. H. leucoptera, B. Br. i/i Trans. Liim. Soc. x. 180, Prod. 382.
A shrub witli rather slender vhg-ate branches, minutely hoary-pubes-
cent. Leaves terete, smooth, mucronate with fine straig'ht rigid points,
more or less attenuate at the base, 1|^ to 3 in. long-. Flowers small, in
short racemes or chisters peduncuhate in the axils or rarely terminating*
short leafy branches, the peduncle and rhachis minutely silky-pubes-
cent, h to I in. long-. Pedicels g-labrous, 2 to 2| hnes long*. Perianth
g'labrous, the tube about 2^ hnes long-, sHg-htly dilated below the
middle, revolute under the Hmb. Torus sHg-htly obHque. Ghmd
semiannular. Ovary stipitate ; style not long', with a very obHque
ahnost hiteral stig-matic disk. Fruit about 1 in. long-, J to f in. broad,
often somewhat verrucose, with a short conicnl beak, the valves without
any or with scarcely prominent dorsal protuberances at the end. Seed-
wing- usually more or less decurrent along- the upper margin only of
the nucleus. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 396 ; F. MueH. Frag-m. vi.
219 (but not aU the synonyms adduced) ; H. lencoccphala, Dietr. Syn.
PL i. 631 (by a misprint) ; H. virfiata R. Br. Prot. Kov. 26 ; Meissn.
in DC. Prod. xiv. 395 ; //. tephrosperma, R. Br. hc. ; Meissn. Lc. 402 ;
H. loifficuspis, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 397 ; Meissn. Lc. 395 ; H.
stricta, F. MuelL ; Meissn. in Linnaea xxvi. 360 and Lc. 400.

Queensland. Armadilla, Barfon.

KT. S. 'Wales. Field's and Harrington's Piains, Lachlan river, A. Cunningham,
Fraser ; Plains near the Gwydir, Mitchell ; Lachlan and Darling rivers to the Barrier
range, Victorian and other Evpeditions ; Mount Murchison, Bonney.

Victoria. Murray Desert, F. 3Iueller ; N.W. districts, L. Morton.

S. Australia. Head of Spencer'8 Gulf, R. Broxon; Cooper's Creek, Murray.

In some specimens of Fraser's the fruit appears much narrower, but is evidently not
fully ripe.

54. H. cycloptera, li. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 182, Prod. 383.
Branches virg-ate, quite g-labrous. Leaves terete, smooth, rig-id, pun-
g-ent-pointed, not contracted at the base, 3 to 5 in. long-. Flowers in
sessile axillary clusters, the whole intlorescence quite g-labrous. Pedicels
1 to 2 Hnes long-. Perianth glabrous, the tube not 2 Hnes long', revo-
lute under the limb. Torus straig-ht. Ghmd smaH. Ovary on a rather
lon"' stipes ; style not long-, with an obHquc stig^matic disk. Fruit
nearly \h in- long- and above 1 in. broad, rug-ose, obtuse, the valves
with dorsal horns near the end. Seed-wing' broad, decurrent along-

L L 2

516 civ. PROTEACE^. [Haltea.

both marg-ins and round the base of the nucleus.— Meissn. in DC.
Prod. xiv. 402.

S. Australia. Port Lincoln, E. Brown, Wilhelmi ; the formcr specimens in fruit
oniy, tbe iattcr in flower witli detaclied fruits.

65. H. microcarpa, li. Br. in Tmns. Linn. Soc. x. 182, Prod. 383.
A shrub varying- from 2 or 3 ft. to twice that heig-ht, quite giabrous or
with a very minute jDubescence on the young- branches and fohag-e.
Leaves mostly terete and smooth, slender or thick, from 1 in. in some
specimens to 4 in. long- in others, but sometimes the lower ones or in
other specimens nearly or quite all more or less compressed or chan-
nelled above, or quite flat and hnear-lanceolate with the midrib and
margins prominent underneath. Flowers in axillary chisters. Perianth
giabrous as well as the pedicels, the tube usually about 2 lines long
but variable in size, revokite under the limb. Torus straigiit. Gland
semiannular. Ovary shortly stipitate ; style not long-, with a broad
somewhat oblique stig-matic disk. Fruit | to nearly | in. long', about
\ in. broad, obHc[ue, smooth or slig-htly rug'ose, the valves Avith short
dorsal horns near the end sometimes reduced to small protuberances or
almost obsolete. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 400 ; Hook. f. FL Tasm.
i. 324 ; Bot. Reg-. t. 4?o ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 219 ; H. patula, R. Br.
Prot. Nov. 2? ; Meissn. l.c. 401 ; H. bifrons, Meissn. Lc. 400.

N. S. TVales. ^lacquarrie river, A. Cunningham ; near Batburst, Fraser ; Ber-
rinia, Woolls ; Xew England, C. Stuart ; Clarence river, BecJder.

Victoria. Elephant plains, Bohertson, F.Mueller ; Ovens, King and UpperGtnoa
rivcrs, ascending the Australian Alps to 5000 or 6000 ft., F. 3Iueller.

Tasmania. Port Dalrjmple, B. Broivn; common especially on gravelly banks of
rivers, ascending to 3000 tt., J. D. Hooher.

The fiat or channelled leaves, very rare in Tasmanian specimens, are common in many
oftheN.S. Wales and Victorian ones, and sometimes to the exclusion of the terete
leaves. It is probabie therefore that H. Mitchellii, IMeissn in DC. Prod. xiv. 398, of
wbich I bave seen no authentic specimen, sbouid be included in H. microcarpa.

56. H. recurva, Meissn. in BC. Prod. xiv. 394. A very stout rigid
shrub, the branches and foHag'e g"labrous. Leaves terete, smooth, very
thick and rigid, pung-ent-pointed, very spreading- or recurved, 3 or 4
in. long". Flowers numerous in sessile nxiHary chisters or dense
racemes, with a villous rhachis of 1 to 2 hues. Pedicels giabrous, fiH-
form, 4 or 5 Hnes long-. Perianth giabrous, the tube about 3 Hnes
long', sHg-htly dilated below the middle, much revoHite upwards. Torus
straigiit. Gland very prominent, semicupular. Ovary contracted into
a very short stipes ; style not very long-, with an obHque convex
stig-matic disk.

W. Australia, Drummond, Ath coll. n. 288, 6th coll. n. 160; Murchison river,
Oldfield.

57. H. circumalata, Meissn. in Hook. Kew Joiirn. vii. 114, and in
DC. Prod. xiv. 402. A bushy shrub, the 3'oung- branches tomentose.
Leaves terete, smooth, rigid, rather thick, pung-ent-pointed, | to above
1 in. long, rarely contracted at the base, at first pubescent, at length

Haheu.] civ. proteace^. 517

neavly g-labrous. Flowers in terminal sessile clusters. Pedicels 1 to 2
lines long-, sparingly pubescent. Periantli g-labrous, tlie tube about 2
lines long', much revolute above the middle, the upper seg'ments much
shorter. Torus small. Gland semiannular, not very prominent.
Ovarv contracted into a thick stipes ; style rather long-, with a broad
obhque stig-matic disk. Fruit about | in. long-, | in. broad, very
rugose or nearly smooth, very shortly beaked, the valves with short or
long- dorsal protuberances or horns near the end. Seed-wing" decur-
rent along- both marg-ins round the base of the nucleus.

VT. Australia, Drummond, 4th coll. n. 290, &th coll. n. 192 ; Murchison river,
Oldfield.

58. H. commutata, F. Muell. Fmgm. v. 26. Glabrous in every
part even the young- shoots and rhachis of the inflorescence. Leaves
terete, thick, smooth, mucronate, attenuate at the base, ^ ^o 1 in. long'
on the flowering- branches, sometimes twice as long- on the main stems.
Flowers in shortly pedunculate clusters, terminal or lateral on the old
wood, the rhachis and peduncle tog"ether 1 to 3 lines, the pedicels 2 to
3 lines long". Perianth about 3 lines long", much revolute, the upper
seg'ments short. Torus straig-ht. Gland small. Ovary ahnost sessile ;
style rather long-, slig-htly thickened under the very obHque almost
lateral stig-matic disk. Fruit (if correctly matched) f in. long", about
6 lines broad, smooth, with a short broad very obtuse beak, straig-ht or
slig-htly incurved. Seed-wing- decurrent on the upper marg-in only of
the nucleus. — H. nodosa, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 555, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 397 as to the western specimens, not of R. Br.

"W, Australia, Drummond, bth coll. n. 412 (in flower), n. 41, and 5th coll. suppl.
n. 13 (in fruit).

59. H. strumosa, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 402. A shrub of 2 to
6 ft., quite glabrous even the inflorescence. Leaves terete, smooth,
rigid, mucronate, scarcely contracted at the base, 1| to 3 in. long".
Flowers in sessile axiHary clusters. Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long-. Peri-
anth g'labrous, the tube about 2 lines long-, revolute under the globular
limb. Torus small. Ghmd very prominent, erect, oblong-. Ovary
nearly sessile ; style rather long-, with an obHque stigmatic disk.
Fruit 1| to 2 in. long-, 1 to 1| in. broad, very thick and g-ibbous, with
a very small hiteral beak often almost obsolete. Seed-wing- very
broadly decurrent along- both marg'ins round the base of the nucleus.

V^. Australia, Drummond, Mh coU. n. 289; poor ridges from Mount.Bland to
Esperance Bay, Maxwell.

Sect. 3. CoNOGYNOiDES. — Racemes usually short or reduced to
sessile clusters, rarely elongated, enclosed before their development in
an involucre or bud of imbricate scales. Perianth glabrous, recurved
or revolute under the Hmb. Stig-matic cone erect or scarcely oblique.

The flowers are difficult to distinguish from those of the section Conogyne of Gre-
villea, hut the inflorescence and fruils are those of Hakea.

618 civ. PROTEACEJE. \Hahea.

Series 1. LoNQiSTYLjE. — Leavcs flat, entire, oblono'-lanceolate or
narrow. Style at least twice as long as the perianth. Stigmatic cone
long' and narrow.

60. H. multilineata, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 261, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 410. A tree or tall shrub. Leaves linear-lonceolate to oblong-
cuneate, very obtuse, tapering- towards the base, 0 to 8 in. long when
narrow, 3 to 5 in. when broad, flat, thick, niinutely pubescent, striate
with numerous parallel not prominent nerves. Racemes axillary,
sessile, very dense and spike-like, 1-^ to above 3 in. long-, the rhacbis
and flowers quite glabrous in the typical form. Perianth-tube 2 to 3
lines long-, slender, reflexed unde/ the oblong- limb. Torus rather
oblique. Ghind broad, flat, semicircular. Ovary very shortly stipi-
tate ; style long-, filiform, with a long- narrow somewhat oblique stig-
matic cone. Fruit ovoid-globular, with a very short beak, about \ in.
diameter.

S. Australia. Gawlei- rancres, SulUnan.

W. Australia, Drummond, Brd coll. n. Ilb, Wi coll. suppl. n. 18.

Var. grammatophjlla. Rhachis of tlie raceme densely tomentose. I can perceive
no other difference, biit the specimens are not satisfactory. — Grevillea grammatopJn/lla,
F. Muell. Fragin. v. 25; Hakea grammntophylla, F. Muell. Fragtu. vi. 214. — Ceiitral
Mount Stuart, 31'Doiiall Stuarfs Expcdition.

H. Francisiana, F. Mueli. Fragm. i. 20, from Spencer's Gulf, Francis, of wliich I
find no specinien anvng F. Mueller's collections, is probably, froni tiie character given,
not difTeient from H multilineata, which differs widely from all other species iu tbe
venation of the leaves.

61. H. laurina, P. Br. Prot. Nov. 29. A shrub of 10 ft. or more or
a small tree attaining- 30 ft., the branches minutely hoary-tomentose or
g-labrous as well as the foliage. Leaves narrowly elliptical-oblong- or
oblong--lanceolate, often shortly acuminate but obtuse, tapering- into a
long- petiole, mostly 4 to 6 in. long-, triplinerved besides the thick
nerve-like marg-ins and sometimes with an additional longitudinal vein
between tlie nerves. Flowers " crimson " in larg-e dense g-lobular
clusters sessile in the axils, the g-lobular rhachis densely villous.
Pedicels glabrous, about 2 lines long-. Perianth g-labrous,' the tube
scarcely above 3 lines long-, retiexed under the oblong- limb. Torus
very oblique. Gland larg-e, disk-shaped. Ovary shortly stipitate on
the upper margin of the torus ; style long-, with a long- narrow stig--
matic cone. Fruit 1 to l\ in. long- and f in. broad or rather larg-er,
more or less cristate along- the upper suture, with a very short small
beak. Seed-wing- decurrent along- both marg-ins round the base of the
nucleus.— Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 411 ; H. enca1>/ptoidcs, Meissn. in
PI. Preiss. i. 573, ii. 262, and in DC. l.c. 413 : F. Muell. Fragm.
iv. 130.

W. Australia, Drummond, 3rd coll. n. 274, Ath coll. n. 294 ; botween Lucky Bay
and Cape Arid, Ba.vtcr ,- towards Cape Kiche, Freiss, n. 5t)5 ; between Perth aiidKing
George^s Sound, Harvei/ ; Stirliug, Fitzgerald, &c. rangcs all the way to Cape Arid,
MaxweU.

Hahea.] civ. proteace.t:. 519

62. H. obtusa, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 411. A spreading- slinib
of 2 or 3 ft., tlie 3'oung- shoots silky-tomentose, tlie adult foliage
g-labrous. Loaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or with a callous point
contracted into a verv short petiole or ahiiost sessile, l^ to 2i- in. long:,
])rominently ;3-nerved. Flowers (red .'') in dense chxsters on the old
wood, tlie villous rhachis 1 to l-J- Hnes long-. Pedicels g-hibrous, about
2 lines long-. Perianth g-labrous, the tube about 2 Hnes hjng, rellexed
under the Hnib. Torus very obHque and narrow, the ghind horseshoe-
shaped occupying- the lower portion. Ovary nearly sessile at the
upper end of the torus ; style very long- with a long- narrow sti{^-
matic cone. Fruit nearly 1 "in. long-, ^ to f in. broad, with a short
straight beak ; sometimes"^several fruits clustered together and almost
connate.

W. Australia, Drummond, bth coll. n. 409 ; coast hills near E. Mount Barren,
Maxu-ell.

63. H. cinerea, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soe. x. 186, Prod. 385. A
stout shrub of 5 or 6 ft., the branches densely tomentose. Leaves
linear-cuneate or oblanceolate, obtuse, tapering- to the base but
scarcely petiolate, 4 to 7 in. long-, very thick and rig-id, of an ashy grey
colour' and minutely scabrous, very prominently triplinerved, with
nerve-like margins. ' Flowers numerous in g-lobular axillary clusters,
the villous rhachis very short. Perianth g-labrous, the tube very
slender, about ^ in. long-, reilexed under the oblong- Hmb. Torus
obHque, Gland not very prominent, but almost surrounding- the
sessiie ovary. Style long-,'with a long- narrow stigmatic cone. Fruit
small, erect, ^ to "f in. long- including the rather long- straight beak,
4 to 5 Hnes broad, smooth or tubercular-rug-ose. Seed-wing- decurrent
on the upper margin only of the nucleus. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv.
414; H. canescens, Link. Enum. Hort. Berol. i. 118; H. tricostata,
Hook. Ic. PI. t. 435.

W. Australia. Lucky Bay, B. Broivn, Baxter ; Esperance Bay to Cape Arid,
Maxwell.

64. H. cor^rmbosa, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 28. A much-branched flat-
topped shrub of 1 to 2 ft., the branches tomentose, the foliage minutely
silky-pubescent or at leng-th g-labrous. Leaves linear or linear-cuneate,
mucronate, tapering to the base but scarcely petiolate, l^ to 3 in. long-,
very thick, 1-nerved underneath, almost nerveless above, the margms
thick. Flowers in axillary clusters, the tioral leaves sometimes
crowded in false-whorls, the bud-scales or involucre sometimes per-
sisting- till the llowers expand. Flowers pale yellow, not very nume-
rous.° Pedicels glabrous, 1 to 2 lines long-. Perianth g-labrous, the
tube narrow, fuHy 0 lines long-, retlexed only under the oblong limb.
Torus oblique. Gland almost disk-shaped. Ovary shortly stipitate on
the upper end of the torus ; style long, with a long- narrow stigmatic
cone. Fruit f to almost 1 in. long and almost as thick, with a very short
straight beak. Seed-wing decurrent along both margins and round

620 fiv. PROTEACE^. [Hahea.

the base of tlie nucleus but very narrow on the upper marg-in. —
Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 574, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 418.

^V. Australia. King George's Soiind or to the eastward, Baxter ; Stirling Eange,
F. Mueller; S.W. Bay, Kalgan and Tone rivers, Oldfield ; Phillips ranges, Jlaxicell.

Series 2. Petiolares. — Leaves broad, triplinerved and reticuhite,
the veins prominent or obscure, tapering- into a distinct petiole. Style
not twice as long* as the perianth.

65. H. undulata, i?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 185, Prod. 384. An
erect shrub of 0 to 8 ft., the young' shoots ferruginous-tomentose or
villous, the adult foliag-e g-labrous. Leaves obovate ovate oblong- or
rarely lanceokite, more or less undulate and prickly-toothed, tapering-
into a petiole, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 in, long-, rig-id, triplinerved or quintu-
plinerved and reticulate. Flowers small, in axillary clusters, the rhachis
villous, sometimes 1 line long-. Pedicels g-labrous, 1 to 2 lines long-.
Perianth g-labrous, the tube not 1| lines long-, revolute under the limb.
Torus small, slightly oblique. Gland very small. Ovary shortly sti-
pitate ; style not long-, with a narrow stig-matic cone. Fruit recurved
at the base, 1 to l^ in. long', j to | in. broad, somewhat rug'ose, dis-
tinctly beaked. Seed-wing* decurrent on the upper marg-in "of the
nucleus to the base. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 500, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 407 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 447 ; Anadcnia hahcoides, Lindl. Swan Riv.
App. 30.

TV. Australia. King 'Jeorge^s Sound, R. Broum, Fraser ; thence to Swan river,
Drummond, n. 92, Ist coll. n. 613; Green Mountain, Preiss, n. 560; Tone and Canning
rivers, Oldfield.

QQ. H. petiolaris, Mcissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 577, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 413. A tall shrub, attaining- 6 to 8 ffc., glabrous and glaucous, the
young- shoots silky. Leaves orbicular or ovate, shortly acuminate,
entire, contracted into a rather long" petiole, 1\ to 4 in. long- and some-
times quite as broad, thick and rigid, with nerve-hke margins, more or
less distinctly tripHnerved or sometimes 5-phnerved and reticulate.
Flowers very numerous in axillary chisters or racemes, the thick villous
rhachis sometimes 3 or 4 lines lono-. Pedicels g-labrous, 3 or 4 lines
long. Perianth g-labrous, the tube slender, nearly 3 lines long-, revo-
lute under the ovoid hmb. Torus obhque. Gland thick, flat, semi-
orbicuhir. Ovary stipitate on the upper marg-in of the torus ; style
rather long-, witli a narrow stigmatic cone. Fruit 1 to l^ in. long-, 0 to
8 hnes broad, nearly smooth, with a rather narrow straig-ht beak.
Seed-wing rather broadly decurrent along- both margius of the nucleus.
— H. crassincrvia, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 578, and in DC. Prod. xiv.
413.

W. Australia, Drummovd, n. 9.5, \st coll. n. 607; rocks of Mount Currie and
Mount Hardy, Preis.i, n. 557, 559. The relative prominence and length of 2 or more
of the priiicipal primary vtins is vcry variablc, even in different leaves of the same
Bpecimen,

Hahm.] civ. proteaceje. 521

6?. H. neurophylla, MriK.v). in. ILwh. Kcw Jmrn. vii. 11?, and vi DC.
Prod. xiv. 418. Youny slioots minutely hoarv, tlie ailult foliag-e gla-
brous and g-laucous. Leaves Gvate-elliptical to oblong-lanceolate,
shortly acuminate or rarely almost obtuse, contracted into a broad but
distinct petiole, 2 to 8 in. long, very thick and rig-id, ^vith nerve-like
marg-ins, irreg-ularly tripHnerved or quintuplinerved, with few anasto-
mosing- veins. Flowers in axinary clusters, the rhachis villous, about
1 line long-. Pedicels g^abrous, about 2 lines long-, revolute under the
ovoid-globular limb. Torus small, oblique. Gland small. Ovary
sessile or nearly so ; style not very long-, witli a straight stigmatic
cone. Fruit about 1 in. long-, | in. thick, with a nearly straight conical
beak. Seed-wing- rather broadly decurrent on the upper margin only
of the nucleus.

W. Australia. Between Moore and Murchison rivers, Drmnmond, 6th coll. ii.
195. Possibly a variety only oi H. petiolaris.

QS. H. loranthifolia, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 574, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 411. A shrub of 6 ft., all our specimens quite ghibrous. Leaves
obovate to elliptical-oblong-, acuminate with a rigid point, tapering into
a petiole, IJ to 2 in. long, very rigid, obscurely triphnerved with some-
times 2 or 3 additional longituclinal primary veins but very faint.
Flowers small, in axillary chisters or short racemes, with a pubescent
rhachis of i^ to 1 line. Pedicels glabrous, under 1 line long. Perianth
g'labrous, the tube under 2 hnes long, reilexed under the hmb. Torus
smalL Gland prominent and thick but small. Ovary contracted into
a short stipes ; style not long, with a straight stigmatic cone. Fruit
about f in. long-, ^ in. thick, witli a very short sHghtly curved beak.
Seed-wing decurrent on the upper margin only of the nucleus.

\tr. Australia, Drummond, Ist coll. n, 606 ; near York, Freiss, n. 567.

Series 3. Sessiles. — Leaves from very broad to oblong-lanceolate,
3- or more-nerved and reticulate, sessile or nearly so. St^de not twice
as long- as the perianth.

69. H. cucullata, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 30. An erect stout shrub,
attaining sometimes 12 to 14 ft., the branches softly tomentose and
often villous with spreading hairs, the young shoots entirely tomentose
or villous, the adult foHage glabrous or minutely scabrous. Leaves
on the flowering branches sessile, orbicular or reniform, spreading- and
concave, 2 to 4 in. diameter, rigid, entire crenate sinuate or bordered
by short prickly teeth, several-nerved and reticulate on both sides ;
those of the young- plant or barren shoots oblong- or eHiptical, penni-
veined and priekly-toothed. Flowers cHistered in the axils, almost con-
cealed at the base of the leaves. Pedicels not exceeding 1 Hne. Pe-
rianth gbabrous, the tube 4 or 5 Hnes long, revohite under the ovoid-
oblong Hmb. Torus obHque. Ghmd large, horseshoe-shaped. Ovary
nearly sessile ; style long- with a long narrow stigmatic cone. Fruit
obHque, about 1 in. long- aud | in. broad, more or less rug-ose, the beak

522 nv. i'R(!TEACE^. [Ilakea.

very sliort. Seed-wing- decurrent along- both marg-ins round the base of
the nucleus.— Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 408 ; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 441 ;
Bot. Mag-. t. 4528 ; coj^ied into Lem. Fl. Jard. t. 45 ; //. conchifoUa,
Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 482; Meissn Lc, //. yictoria-, Drumm. in Bot. Mag".
Ixxiv. Comp. 2 ; Meissn. l.c. 409.

yJV. Australia. Mount Gardner, Bartcr ; King George's Souni-1 or towanls Swan
river, Druivmoml, \st cull n. 611, West Mount Banen, IJrumitiond, Ath coll. n. 3U0 ;
near Wuljeuup and Mount Manypeak, Preiss, n. bZl ; Kalgan river, OUlJidd ; north
of Stirling Eange, F. Muellcr.

The diflifulty of reducing Kpecimens of this finc plant to herbarium size is the causo
of our inabiiity to ascertaiu whelher there reaiiy is any sufficient cluiracterto distiuguish
tlie three supposed species. I can find no difierence in tlie flowers or fruits, aud the
leaves apiiear to vary, quite entire or denticulate. 1 he West Mouiit B-<rren specimens are
described by DrumuKind as formiiig erect almost simpie steiiis of 12 ft.ormnre, with
closely packed leaves showing distiiictly each year's growtli of (5 to 9 inciies;, the lower
or earlier ones very large, the upper ones gradually diminisliing, and all with richly-
coloured veins, the young ones wliitish yellow, tlie iiitermediate ones orange, tiiriiing
to a deep crimson. No such colours are described in tlie niore common Stirling Eaiige
plant, and Diummond's dried specimens have entirely lost that which they had.

70. H. fermginea, Sn-eet, Fl. Anstral. t. 45. A slender shrub of
3 or 4 ft., the young branches tomentose-pubescent. Leaves g-labrous
or villous, sessile, from cordate-ovate to ovate-hinceolate, shortly acu-
minate, with a callous point, entire or witli slig"htly sinuate or undulate
margins, 1| to 8 in. long-, llat, several-nerved aud reticulate on both
sides. Flowers small, in axillary clusters. Pedicels 1 to 1| lines long-.
Perianth giabrous, about 3 lines long-, much revolute, the upper seg'-
ments scarcely 2 lines long-, the limb ovoid. Torus oblique. Gland
small, semiorbicidar. Ovary shortly stipitate ; style not very long*,
Avith a narrow stig-matic cone. Fruit nearly 1 in. long and | in. broad,
■with a long- narrow beak. Seed-wing- decurrent down the upper margin
only of the nucleus. — Bot. Mag-. t. 3424; H. repanda, R. Br. Prot. INov.
30; Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 568, ii. 261, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 408;
Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1760.

yjV. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoiuing districts, Ba.rter, Cunning-
ham, I)rinnmoi)d, ?,rcl coll. n. 279 ; Mount Wuljenup, Frciss, n. 547 ; iMount Barker,
Oldjield ; Stiiling Kange, F. Mueller ; W. Mount Barren, Maxwcll.

71. H. smilacifolia, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 567, and in JDC. Prod.
xiv. 408. An erect shrub, attaining* 3 or 4 ft., difficult to disting-uish
from II. ferruginca without the fruit. Branches tomentose-villous and
often hirsute with spreading' hairs. Leaves sessile, broadly ovate,
acutely acuminate, rounded or cuneate at the base and never cordate,
entire or sliglitly sinuate, 1 to 2 in. long-, usually pubescent, several-
nerved and reticulate. Flowers small, in axillary clusters, resembling*
those of H. ferrufjinca, but not seen in a very good state. Fruit very
smooth, about ^ in. long- and \ in. broad, not so distinctly beaked as i"n
H. ferruginea, and without the thick woody protuberance of most Hakea
fruits.

W. Australia. Drummond, n. 97; Quancen plains, Preiss, n. 535; Cujong,
Oldjield. . . F . . , J B,

Hdkeu.] CIV. PROTEACEvE. 5'J8

72. H. elliptica, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 187, Prod. 386. A
shrub attainin<)' (3 to 8 ft., tlie branches and young- shoots ferruyinous-
tomentose, the adult foliag-o olabrous or minutely pubescent. Leaves
sessile or nearly so, broadl}' oval or elHptical, obtuse but usually with
a small callous point, 1-i- to 3 in. long-, many-nerved and reticuhite on
both sides. Flowers numerous, in axiHary chisters on very short
racemes, the villous rhachis rarely above 1 line long-, Pedicels gla-
brous, 2 to 4 Hnes lon^. Periantli g-hibrous, the tube slender, about
2 Hnes long-, revoHite under the ovoid Hmb. Torus obHque. Gland
prominent, tlat, semiorbicuhir. Ovary stipitate on the upper margin of
the torus ; style fiHform, with an erect stig-matic cone. Fruit about 1
in. long- and nearly f in. broad, usuaUy smooth, with a small obHque
beak. Seed-wing- decurrent on the upper margin about halfway down
the nucleus. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. o6S, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 412 ;
Conohium elUpticuin, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 123.

Vir. Australia. King George's 8oand and adjoining districts, R. Brown, A. Cun-
ningham, Preiss, n. 558, and many others.

73. H. ambigua, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 260, and in DC. Prod. xiv.
415. Branches tomentose or ahnost viHous. Leaves from narrow-
lanceolate to oblong'-eniptical, obtuse or with a small callous point,
contracted at the base but sessile or nearly so, minutely pubescent or
g-labrous when full g-rown, prominently triplinerved and sometimes
reticulate between the nerves, 1| to near 3 in. long. Flowers only
seen in a rather imperfect state but apparently Hke those of H. eUiptica.
Fruit f to near 1 in. long-, J in. broad, with a rather long- nearly
straig"ht conical beak. Seed-wing- decurrent on the upper marg-in only
of the nucleus. — H. trinervi.'^, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 414.

W. Australia, Drummond, 2nd coU. n. 277, 5th coll. n. 408. F. IMuellpr con.si-
ders this as a narrow-leaved variety ot' H. ellijjtica, but the leaves have only 3 principal
nerves even wlien broad, and the fruit has a much longer straiglit beak.

Series 4. Nervos^. — Leaves lanceolate or Hnear, prominently
3- or more nerved (rarely 2- or 1-nerved when very narrow) smooth
between the nerves.

74. H. plurinervia, F. MucU. Herh. A shrub of 6 or 7 ft., the
young branclies loosely tomentose. Leaves lanceolate, fiilcate, obtuse
and often oblique at the end, with a small callous point, tapering- into a
very short petiole or almost sessile, 4 to 6 in. long- and -^- to | in. broad,
with about 7 longitudinal nerves prominent on both sides. Flowers
small and numerotis in axilhiry cltisters, the villous rliaclus rarely above
1 line iong\ Pedicels glabrous, 2 or 3 lines long-. Perianth g-Iabrous,
the tube scarcely a])ove 2 lines long-, slender, revolute under the ovoid-
g-lobular limb. Torus small, oblique. Gland scarcely prominent.
Ovary shortly stipitate ; style not long-, with an erect stigmatic cone.
Fruit above 1 in. long- and nearly | in. broad, more or less falcate, with
an incurved conical beak. Seed-wing- narrowly butunequally decurrent
along- both sides of the nucleus.

Qaeensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

524 civ. PKOTEACEiE. [Hukea.

75. H. dactyloides, Cav. Atial. Hist. Nut. i. 215, t. 12; Ic. vi. 25,
t. 535. A tall shrub with erect hranches, the young- shoots usually
silky, the adult foliag-e rarely retaining- more or less of pubescence,
usually quite g-labrous. Leaves from linear-lanceokite to oblong-lanceo-
late, acute or scarcely obtuse, tapering- into a short petiole, falcate ob-
lique or straig-ht, 2 to 4 in. long', rig-icl, prominently triplinerved, smooth
between the nerves or rarely iu the broader leaves a ie^y irreg-ular veins
forming' almost 1 or 2 additional longitudinal nerves. Flowers very
small and numerous in axillarv clusters or short racemes, the villous
rhachis 1 to 1| lines long-. Pedicels silky-hairy, 1 to l^ lines long'.
Perianth g-labrous, the tube about 1 hne h)ng", revohite under the
globular hmb. Torus small, nearly straig'ht. Ghmd small. Ovary
shortly stipitate ; style short, with an erect stig-matic cone. Fruit f to
1 in. long', I to | in. thick, smooth or shg-htly rugose, with a very small
straig-ht beak. 8eed-wing- narrowly decurrent along- the upper margin
only of the nucleus. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 186, Prod. 385 ;
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 415 ; Bot, Mag-. t. 3760 ; Banhsia dacfi/loides,
Gffirtn. Fr. i. 221, t. 47 ; Conchium dactyloides, Vent. Jard. Mahii. 1. 110 ;
Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 123 ; Banksia oleifolia, Sahsb. Prod. 51 ;
Conchium ?iervosnjn, Sm. in Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 141 ; Huhea ner-
vosa, Knig-ht, Prot. 108 ; H. fcrruginca, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1501 ? not
of Sw.

N. S. TVales. Port Jackson to the Blue Moutitains, B. Brown, Sieher, n. 12, and
many others ; Clarence river, Bechler ; New England, C. Shiart, some of the latter
specimens witli more rigid almost pungent narrow leaves, approaching those of H. idi-
cina, but with silky pedicels.

76. H. ulicina, B. Br. Prot. Nov. 29. Yery near the narrow-
leaved forms of //. dactijloides, but the leaves all linear acute and pun-
gent-pointed, 4 to 8 in. long* in the typical form, more spreading* rather
broader and 1 to 2 in. long* rn some specimens, ver}- rarely 2 hnes wide,
prominently 1- to 3-nerved underneath, the nerves less conspicuous
and sometimes obsolete on the upper surface. Flowers still smaller than
in H. dactyloidcs, the pedicels always glabrous as well as the perianth.
Fruit rarely above J in. long-, with a short straiglit beak, Seed as in
H. dactyloides. — Meissn. in I)C. Prod. xiv. 415 ; H. angustifolia, Hor-
tuh (Meissn.).

N. S. Wales. Twofold Bay, Baxter, F. MmlUr.

Victoria. Glenelg river, liohertson ; Grampians, Miichell, F. Mueller ; Port
rhillip, ;\Iount Sturgeon and Mount Abrupt, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Flinders isiand, Millic/an.

Var. carinata, F. Mueil. Leaves mostly 1-nerved underneath, nerveless above, but
in some speciraens normal 3-nerved leaves mixed with tlie others. — B. carinata, F.
Muell. ; Meissn. in LinnaBa xxvi. 360, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 418.

S. Australia. Mount Lofty and Bugle Range, F. Muellcr ; near Adehude, Wldt-
taker, Blandoivski; Encounter Bay, Whittaker ; TatJiara country, Woods.

77. H. falcata, It Br. Prot. Nov. 29. A tall shrub, closely and mi-
nutely tomentose, bccoming at length glabrous. Leaves lanceohite or
almost Hnear, acute or with a callous point, straight or somewhat fal-

Halim.] civ. PROTEACE^. 525

cate, contracted into a very short petiole, 1\ to 2^ in. long-, more or
less proniinently triplinerved. Flowers small and numerous in axillary
clusters. Pedicels glabrous, about 1 line long*. Perianth g-labrous,
slender, nearl}' 2 lines h)ng-, revolute under the globuhir limb. Torus
small, obHque. Cihmd rather thick. Ovary sessile on the upper margin
of the torus ; style not very long-,\vith a narrow stig'matic cone. Friiit
from under | to nearly 1 in. long" and about | in. broad, with a small
more or less incurved beak. Seed-wing- decurrent along* both marg-ins
round the base of the nucleus. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 572 (partly),
ii. 202, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 414.

■^V. Australia. King George's Sound or to tlie eastward, Baxter, Drummond,
2nd coll. n. 333, cmd {5th coll. f) s^ippl. n. 15, 16. The leafveins are sometimes as
promiiient as in H. ducti/loides, from wliicli H.falcata is then only fo be distinguished
bj' the flowers not quite so smail ;ind by the seed-w-ing decuirent all round the nucleus.
Soiuetimes even on the same specimeu tiie leaves are thicker and the veius obscure
almost as in H. incrassata. The fruit varies much in size.

78. H. pycnoneura, iJ/m5??,. in Hook. Kew Joiirn. vii. \\1 ., (md in
DC. Prod. xiv. 414. A strag-gling- shrub of several ft., tlie branches and
foliag-e minutely silvery-silky. Leaves linear, obtuse or with a callous
point, tapering" at the base but scarcely petiolate, 4 to 8 in. long', very
thick and rig-id, usually flexuose, the margins and midrib prominent
and sometimes 1 or 2 additional short long-itudinal veins. Flowers
purple, in short very dense axillary racemes, the thick ovoid villous
rhachis 3 to 4 lines long*. Pedicels g-labrous, 2 or 3 Hnes long-. Pe-
rianth g-hibrous, the tube 2 lines long-, reilexed under the ovoid-oblong-
Hmb. Torus smaH. Gland semiannular, oot very prominent. Ovary
scarcely stipitate; style short, with a long- stig-matic cone. Fruit usuaUy
I in. long', about ^ in. broad, ^vith a short straigiit beak ; in some
specimens the whole fruit long-er. Seed-wing- decurrent along- both
margins round the base of the nucleus.

\ir. Australia. Murchison river, Oldjield, Drummond, 6th coll. n. 193.

Series 5. Uninerves. — Leaves narrow or small, flat, 1-nerved with
nerve-Hke margins. Fruit-valves without dorsal appendag-es.

79. H. stenocarpa, 7?. Br. Prot. Nov. 29. A giabrous bushy shrub of
several ft. Leaves linear or Hnear-lanceolate, acute or with a caHous
point, contracted at the base but scarcely petiolate, 1| to 4 in. long-,
with a prominent midrib and nerve-Hke margins as in H. marginata.
Flowers very smaH, in axiHary cHisters, the rhachis very short and vil-
lous. Pedicels g-labrous, not 1 Hne long-. Perianth giabrous, scarcely
1| Hnes long-, revoHite under the Hmb. Torus and giand small. Ovary
aHnost sessile ; style not long-, with a straigiit stig-matic cone. Fruit 1
to l^ in. long-, 2 to 3 Hnes broad at the base, tapering- into a long^
sHghtly incurved beak. Seed-wing- narrowly decurrent along- both
margins of the nucleus. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 575, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 417; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 444.

VT. Australia. Swan river, Fraser, Drummond, Ist coll., Preiss, n. 574.

526 ciY. PROTEACEJE. [Hakea.

80. H. marginata, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 185, Prod. 385. A
bushy slirul), attaininu- 6 to 8 ft., the young- shoots minutely silky-
pubescent, the adult foliag-e glabrous or nearly so. Leaves lanceolate,
acute, pungent-pointed, "shortly contracted at the base but scarcely
petiohite, f to IJ in. long-, rather thick and rig-id, with the niidrib and
nerve-Hke margins prominent on both sidcs, otherwise veinless. Flowers
small, in axiUary clusters. Pedicels glabrous, scarcely 1 line long.
Perianth ghibrous, the tube nearly 2 lines long-, revohite under the
ovoid Hmb. Torus oblic|ue. Gland rather large, ahiiost stipitate. Ovary
very shortly stipitate on the upper margin of the torus ; style not long-,
with a straig-ht stigmatic cone. Fruit about | in. long-, 3 to 4 lines
broad, with a rather long- straig-ht beak. Seed-wing- decurrent along- the
upper margin onlv of the nucleus. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 575, and
in DC. Prod. xiv.^418.

\jr. Australia. Liicky Bay, B. Brotnt, Baxter; Hotbam river, Oldfdd; le-
tween King George's. Souud and Swau river, Harvey, Drummuiid, Ist coll. n. 60-4.

81. H. myrtoides, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 577, «wrf in DC. Prod.
xiv. 418. A spreading- shrub of 2 or 3 ft., the branches rather loosely
villous at length glabrous. Leaves sessile, ovate, usually broad, mu-
cronate with a rigid or pung-ent point, ^ to f in. long-, rather shining-,
Avith a prominent midrib and nerve-like marg-ins, faintly penniveined
and reticulate. Flowers ^' pink," in axillary clusters, the rhachis very
short and villous, Pedicels glabrous, 2 to 3 lines long-. Perianth gla-
brous, the tube about 2 Hnes long-, reflexed under the g-lobular limb.
Torus nearly straight. Ghind broad. Ovary almost sessile ; style long-,
with a long- narrow stigmatic cone. Fruit scarcely h in. long, about \
in. broad, with a rather long- incurved beak. Seed-wing* broadly de-
current along- both margins round tbe base of the nucleus. — Bot. Mag*.
t. 4643, copied into Lem. FL Jard. t. 272.

^V. Australia. Swan river, Fraser, Drummond, n. 96, Is^ coll. n. 608, Preiss,
n. 534, Oldjield.

82. H. COStata, 3Icissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 575, ujid in DC. Prod. xiv.
418, An erect shridj attaining- 3 or 4 ft., the branches loosely tomen-
tose or villous. Leaves crowded, those of the flowering- branches linear,
pungent-pointed, rigid, under \ in. long-, with thickened margins and a
very prominent keel or midrib, the lower ones sometimes oblong-, flat,
2 hnes broad and tapering- into a short petiole, 1-nerved but otherwise
veinless. Flowers small, in n\imerous axinary chisters. Pedicels gla-
brous, under 1 hne long-. Perianth white, g'hibrous, the tube about \\
lines long-, reflexed under the g-lobular Hmb, Torus smaH, Ghmd very
small, Ovary sessile or nearly so ; style long and slender, with a long'
narrow stigmatic cone, Fruit uncler \ in, long', 3 or 4 Hnes broad,
shortly beaked. Seed-wing- broadly clecurrent along- both margins of
the nuch>us.

■W. Australia, Drummond, n. 17, and 2nd coll. v. 332 ; Quangcn plains, Preiss,
n. 532, 533 {Meissn.) ; near Yatheroo and Toodyay, Oldfield.

IIakea.\ civ. proteace^. 527

Series 6. ExERVES. — Leaves inostlv flat, obscurely penniveined,
the midrib not prominent, entire prickly-toothed or lobed. Fruit-valves
with dorsal horns or protuberances.

83. H. oleifolia, IL Br. in Tram. Liiin. Soc. x. 185, Prod. 385. A
tall shrub or sm;ill tree of 15 to 20 ft., the branL'hes and young- shoots
ferrug-inous or silky-tomentose, the adidt foliaye g-labrous or nearly so.
Leaves oblong'-lanceolate or cuneate-oblong-, rounded at the end, with
a fine minute point, contracted into a short petiole, 1 to above 2 in.
long", rather thick, pale coloured, penniveined but the midrib usually
scarcely prominent and the veins immersed or inconspicuous. Flowers
in dense axillary clusters or racemes, the villous rhachis 1 to 2 lines
long. Pedicels g-labrous, about 3 lines long\ Perianth g-labrous, the
tube not 2 lines long-, reilexed under the g-lobular limb. Torus small,
oblique. Gland prominent but small. Uvary very shortly stipicate ;
style not very long', with an erect stig'matic cone. Fruit f to 1 in. long-,
i to I in. broad, rug-ose, scarcely beaked, the valves with dorsal conical
horns near the end, sometimes wanting-on one valve. Seed-wing- shortly
decurrent aloug* the upper margin of the nucleus. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss.
i. 571, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 410; ConcMum olcifoUum, Sm. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. ix. 124 ; Hakea llfiustrina, Knig-ht, Prot. 108.

W. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, B. Broiim, Brum-
mond, n. 14, and bth coU. n. 410, Preiss, n. 554, Oldfitld, Maxwdl, F. Muelltr.

81. H. florida, R. Br. in Traiis. Limi. Suc. x. 183, Prod. 384. An erect
rig-id shrub, attaining- 5 or 6 ft., the branches and young- leaves pubes-
cent or villous, the adult foliag-e glabrous. Leaves sessile or nearly
so, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, very acute and pung-ent-pointed,
bordered by a few prickh^ teeth or small lobes, one pair usually close to
the cuneate base, 1 to l^ or rarely 2 in. long-, thick and veinless above,
the midrib alone prominent underneath. Flowers very small, in axillary
clusters, the villous rhachis very short. Pedicels glabrous, about 2
lines long'. Perianth g'labrous, the tube slender, scarcely 1| lines long-,
revolute under the g-lobular limb. Torus small. Gland prominent,
truncate. Ovary stipitate ; style not very long-, with a nearly straiglit
rather broad stig-matic cone. Fruitabove 1 in. long", nearly | in. thick,
scarcely beaked, the valves with very short dorsal protuberances near
the end. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 502, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 405 ; Bot.
Mag-. t. 2579.

■W. Australia. King George's Sound, B. Brown, Prtiss, n. 584, Oldfield ; Cham-
pion Bav, Bower ; Tulbiiiup ranges, Maxwell. — The leaves are sometimes like those of
y/. Hiuaris, but the species is at once distinguished by the pubescent brauches and
rhachis and by the stigmatic cone.

85. H. varia, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 183, Prod. 383. A
bushy or scrubby shrub, erect and 6 to 8 ft. hig-h or sometimes spread-
in"' and diffuse, the brauches tomentose and hirsute with spreading-
hairs or nearly glabrous. Leaves silky when young-, glabrous when
fuU grown, lanceolate linear-oblong' or cuneate, with 2 or Ji short
prickly lobes at the end or sinuate and prickly-toothed to below

528 CIV. PROTEACE^. [Ilukca.

the middle, or pinnatifid with few narrow or broad prickly-pointed
lobes, rarely quite entire and linear, from under 1 in. long- in
some spccimens to near 2 in. in others, thick and obscurely penni-
veined or veinless, always tapering* at the base. Flowers small, in
cbisters terminating- short leafy branches or sessile in the upper axils,
the villous rhachis rarely 1 line long-. Pedicels g-labrous, about 2 lines
long- or somethnes long-er. Perianth g-labrous, not 2 lines long-, re-
curved imder the g-lobuhir limb. Torus smalL Ovary shortly stipitate ;
style not long-, with a straig'ht stig-matic cone. Fruit f in. long-, ^ in.
broad, the valves wath dorsal horns near the end. Seed-wing- narrowly
decurrent along- the upper marg-in of the nucleus. — Meissn. in Pl.
Preiss. i. 561, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 405 ; II. attemtata and H. ilicifolia,
R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 183, 184; Meissn. in PL Preiss. L 563
and in DC. Prod. xiv. 406 ; H. tuberculata, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 28 ;
Meissn. IL cc. 561 and 405; H. lasiocarpha, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 27 ;
Meissn. IL cc. 561 and 403 (as to Baxter's and Drummond's specimens) ;
H. hctcrophylla and H. intermcdia, Hook. Ic. PL t. 43?, 445.

■VIT. Australia. King George's Sound and Lucky Bay, R. Broion ; eastward to
Cape Paisley, Maxwtll ; fVom the same districts and towards Swan river, Drumvwnd,
n. 173, 197, Ist cJl. n. 615, 617, Ath coll. n. 299, Freiss, n. 693, 600, Oldfield, F.
AlueUer.

The several supposed species here nnited are distinguished chiefly by the foliage
which is truly protean, and specimens might he selected to represent several types so
marked in their aspect that 1 sliouhl liave retained them as distinct species were it not
that other specimens occur combining the different forms of leaves on one stem, if not
on the same branch. H. ilicifolia has generally rather large and broadly pinnately-
toothed leaves, only shortly narrowed at the base ; II. attenvata has them broad and
toothed or shortly lobed at the end, tapering into a long narrow base ; H. varia proper
rather long leaves from linear almost terete and entire to deeply pinnatitid ; H. tuber-
culata, small, usually crowded leaves, cuneate or linear, and toothed, pinnatifid, serrate
or entire, in a few specimens scarcely exceeding | in. ; all these forms apparently dis-
linct in luxuriant sjiecimens, but variously mixed in stunted scrubby ones. The fruit
is frequently tuberculate or muricate but sonietimes smooth in H. tuhercidata, smooth
or rarely muricate in H. varia proper. H. JasiocarpJia, Br., is founded on a stuntcd spe-
cimen, iittle more than a fragment, with deeply-divided nan'ow leaves, and the scaly
buds hu'ger than usual, but showing no other difterence.

Series 7. Teretifolia. — Leaves linear-terete, entire, rarely a few
of the lower ones flat. Fruit-valves without any dorsal appendag-es.

86. H. sulcata, F. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 180, Frod. 382, Prot.
Nov. 27. An erect shrub attaining- 5 or 6 ft., but often low, the young-
shoots silky, the adult foliag-e gdabrous. Leaves linear-terete, ang-ular
and fiirrowed, rigid, mucronate, sometimes pung-ent-pointed, from
under 2 in. to above 4 in. long", in the typical form. Flowers small, in
dense axillary clusters, the small rhachis densely villous. Pedicels
g-hibrous, ^ to 1 line long-. Perianth g-labrous, varying- from li to 3
lines, the tube slender, reflexed imder the rather larg-e limb. Torus
and g-land smalL Ovary sessile ; style rather long-, with a long- stig--
matic^cone. Fruit ovoid, about- ^ in. long- or rather long-er, with a
short narrow-conical straig-ht beak. Seed-wing- decurrent alons' the

JHakea.] civ. pnoTEACEiE. 529

upper margin of the nucleus. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 556 and in DC.
Prod. xiv. -.m.

W. Australia. Lucky B.iy, R. Brnwn ; Swan river, Drammond, \stcoll. n. 599,
Freiss, n. GU8; Hill liver, Oldjidd; lowanls King George's Soiiiul, Brummond, 5th
coll. ».41).

Var. scoparia. Branches aml bml scales more pubescent. Leaves mnstly longer,
sometimes 8 in., iess poiuted, but occasionally sliort ou some branches. Periantli some-
times larger someliuies ratiier smaller than the average typical size. — //. scnparia,
Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 55(5, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 399 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4644, copied into
Lem. Pl. Jard. t. 376. — Swan river, Drummond, Istcoll. n. 600.

Var. Gilbertii. Leaves short, slender, with rather long pungent points. Fniit
rather smaller. — H. Gilbirtii, Kipp. in Hooli. Kew Jouru. vii. 115 ; Meissn. in DC.
Prod. xiv. 3'jy. — Swan river, Gilbert.

87. H. Meissneriana, Xipp. in Ilook. Kcw Joum. vii. 114. A tall
erect shrub, the young- shoots silky, the adult tbliaye glabrous. Leaves
linear-terete, rigid, obscurely or more distinctly ang-ular and striate,
obtuse or mucronate, mostly 2 to 4 in. long-. Flowers small, in dense
axiUary racemes qr chisters, the villous rhachis 2 to 4 lines long-.
Pedicels gdabrous, scarcely | line long-. Perianth giabrous, the tube
about 1| lines long-, revokite under the giobukir hmb. Torus obhque.
Ghmd small. Ovary contracted into a very short stipes; style not
long", -with a nearly straigiit stig-matic cone. Fruit ovoid, somewhat
incurved, about | in. long-, smooth or nearly so, with a short conical
beak. Seed-wing- narrowly decurrent on both margins of the nucleus. —
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 399.

W. Australia, Drummond, drdcoll. n. 272, bth coll. suppl. n. 16, ^th coll. n. 191.

88 ^. H. subsulcata, Jleissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 555, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 398. A shrub of 0 or 7 ft., the young- shoots silky-pubescent, the
adult foliag-e usually giabrous. Leaves terete, mucronate, iinely striate,
2 to 4 in. long-. Flowers not seen. Fruit densely chistered, ovoid,
erect, smooth, ^ to f in. long-, 3 or 4 hnes broad, tapering- into a conical
erect beak, Seed-wing- decurrent along- the upper marg in of the nucleus
but scarcely reaching- the base.

TV. Australia, Drummond, bth coll suppl. n. 15, Preiss, n. 607.

89. H. Lehmanniana, Meissn. inPL Preiss. i. 657, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 398. A bushy shrub attaining' from 2 to 4 ft., giabrous or the
branches minutely pubescent. Leaves hnear-terete 3-angied or chan-
nelled above, not attenuate at the base, rigid, mucronuhite, from under
1 in. to uearly 3 in. long-. Flowers in very dense axilhiry clusters, the
villous rhachis very short. Pedicels giabrous, about 2 Hnes long-.
Perianth giabrous, the tube scarcely 2 Hnes long-, revohite under the
limb. Torus rather obhque. Gland hirg-e, semiannular. Ovary
shortly stipitate ; style long-, with a rather long- straig-ht stig-matic
cone. Fruit about 1 in. long- and above h in. broad, more or less
muricate with fring-ed tubercles or branching- prickles, the small conical
beak rather obhque. Seed-wing- decurrent down both margins to the
base of the nucleus.

W. Australia, Drummond, 3rd coll. n 273; Gordon rivcr, Freiss, n. 604; be-
VOL. V. M M

630 civ. PROTEACEiE. [Hakea.

tween Swan river and King George's Sound, Harvey ; Salt, Gordon, Franklin, and
Tone rivers, Maxivell.

90. H. flexilis, F. Mnell. in Linn(eaxx\i. 359, 7iot qf B. Br. A tall
shrub or small tree of about 20 ft., tlie brancbes and foliag-e quite
g-labrous. Leaves linear-terete, very spreading, mostly angular or
slig-btly compressed, acute and sometimes pung-ent-pointed, not attenuate
at tbe base, mostly li to 3 in. long. Flowers small, in axillary clusters,
tbe birsute rbacbis very sbort. Pedicels g-bibrous, J- to 1 line long-.
Periantb g-labrous, tbe tube scarcely 2 lines long-, revohite under tbe
g-lobubar Hmb. Ovary nearly sessile ; st\\e not long-, witb a straigbt
stigmatic cone. Fruit ^^ to | in. long, 4 or 5 lines broad, smootb or
irregularly rugose, witb a sbort conical straigbt or sligbtly inllexed
beak. Seed-wing- decurrent along tbe upper margin and sometimes
partially also along tbe lower margin of tbe nucleus. — Meissn. in DC.
Prod. xiv. 390 (^H.^ficxihiUs by a misprint) under H.Jicxilhy Br.

Victoria. N.W. districts ofthe Colony, L. Morton.

S. Australia. Murray Desert and Lake Hindmarsli, F. 3IueUer ; near Adelaide,
Herh. Hooker; Kangaroo island, F. Mueller, WaterJiouse.

Sect. 4. Manglesioides. — Racemes sbort or reduced to sessile
clusters, enclosed before tbeir development in an involucre or bud of
imbricate scales. Periantb glabrous, slender, straigbt, tbe limb erect
in tbe bud. Stigmatic cone erect.

The flowers in this section are qnite those of tl.ve section Manglesia of GreviUea, ex-
cept that the style is filiform.

91. H. nitida, i?. Br. in Trnns. Linn. Soc. x. 184, Prod. 384. A
dense sbrub of 6 to 8 ft., tbe brancbes and foliage quite glabrous.
Leaves obovate oblong or rarely lanceolate, sometimes quite entire and
obtuse witb a small pungent point, sometimes acute pungent-pointed
and irregularly bordered by a few prickly teetb or lobes, tapering at
tbe base but scarcely petiolate, IJ to 3 or even 4 in. long, tbick and
veinless or obscurely and very obliquely penniveined. Flowers small
and numerous in axillary racemes, tbe rbncbis rigid, tomentose, h to ^
in. long. Pedicels glabrous, tiliforiu. 2 to 3 lines long. Penanth
glabrous, straigbt, tbe tube about l^ lines long, tbe limb globular,
erect in tbe bud. Torus small. Gland small but prominent. Ovary
nearly sessile ; style sbort ■vvitb an erect broad stigmatic cone. Fruit
1 in. long or ratber more, f in. broad, scarcely beaked, witb a conical
born near tbe end of one or botb tbe valves. Seed-wing decurrent
along tbe upper margin of tbe nucleus and sometimes narrowly so along
tbe lower margin. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 40G ; Bot. Mag. t. 2246 ;
H. pi/cnohotrys, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 72.

IV. Australia. Lucky Bay, B. Brown; prohably from the same district, Drum-
viond, Ath coll. 11. 298 ; S.W. Bay, Oldfield; Gardner and Phillips rivers, E. Mount
Barren, Esperance Bay, Maxwell,

92. H. Oldfieldii, Bcnth. Glabrous in all its parts. Leaves terete,
smootb, pungont-pointed, f to near 2 in. long, all undivided. Flowers
small, in axillary racemes or clusters, tbe rhachis 1 to 2 lines long-,

Hakca.] CIV, PROTEACE^. 531

quite g-labrous as well as tlie flowers. Pedicels filiform, at first short,
3 or 4 lines long- when the flowers are fully out. Perianth slender,
straig-ht, scarcely 2 lines long", with a o-lobuhir linib. Torus small.
Gland prominent, obovate. Ovary shortly stipitate ; style not long,
with an erect stig^matic cone. Fruit not seen.

W. Australia. Champion Bay, Oldjield ; in the interior, J. S. Roe.

93. H. suaveolens, li. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 182, Prod. 383.
An erect shrub of 5 or G ft., the young shoots silky-pubescent, the
adult foliag-e ghibrous. Leaves terete, erect, a few of them undivided
g-rooved above and 3 or 4 in. long-, but mostly pinnate with few or
many erect seg-ments of 1 or 2 in., all rig-id and pung-ent-pointed.
Flowers small, in dense racemes in the upper axils, the rigid pubescent
rhachis i to | in. long'. Pedicels glabrous, 2 or 3 Hnes long-. Peri-
anth giabrous, straig-ht ; the tube about Ih lines long-, the limb
giobuhir, erect. Torus smalL Gland small but prominent. Ovary
shortly stipitate ; style short, with an erect stig-matic cone. Fruit f to
1 in. long-, h to | in. thick, smooth and almost shining- but marked
with warts, with a very small incurved ahnost lateral beak, the valves
with very small dorsal protuberances near the end. Seed-wing- decur-
rent on the outer side only. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 558, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 403; H. pectinata, Colla, Hort. Eip. App. 2. 320, t. 11.

W. Australia. Middle Island, R. Broion; King George's Sonnd or adjoining
districts, LahiUardiere {3Ieiss7i.), A. Cunningham, Drummond, n. 93, Preiss, n. 605,
Collie, Oldjield, F. Mucllcr ; eastward to Eyre's range, Cape Le Grand and Cape Arid,
Maxwell.

Conchium drupaceum, Gfertn. f. Fr. iii. 217, t. 219 [Hdkea drupacea, Koem. and
Schult. Sjst. iii. 426), which Gsertncr had from Labillardiere, is probablj this species.

94. H. lissocarpha, P. Br. Prot. Nov. 27. A densely branched
rigid shrub of 2 or 3 ft., the branches and young- shoots more or less
tomentose or hirsute, the fohage minutely scabrous-punctate after the
hairs have worn off or rarely giabrous and smooth. . Leaves pinnately
divided into 3 to 7 terete rigid pung-ent-pointed segments, all entire or
some of them forked, sometimes very short and thick, sometimes
long-er and slender, the rhachis often somewhat flattened and g-rooved
above, the whole leaf 1 to li- in. long. Flowers small, in dense almost
sessile axillary clusters, the"thick villous rhachis 1 to 1| lines long.
Pedicels giabrous, about 3 hnes long-. Perianth giabrous, scarcely 1|
lines long-, straigiit, the giobular limb erect in the bud. Torus smalL
Gland semiannular. Ovary shortly stipitate ; style short, with an
erect stig-matic cone. Fruit"| to f in. long-, 3 to 4 hnes broad, scarcely
beaked, with small dorsal protuberances near the end of the valves,
sometimes obsolete. Seed-wing- decurrent along- the upper margin of
the nucleus. — Meissn. in PL Preiss. i. 559, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 403 ;
H. intricata, R. Br. Prot. Xov. 27 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 404 ; H.
petrophiloidcs, HortuL (Meissn.)

W. Australia. Swan rivur, Fraser ; S. coast, Baxtcr ; froni Swan river to King

M M 2

532 CIV, PROTEACEiE. [llalica.

George'8 Sound and Cnpe Eicbe, Drummond, n. 106, 172, \st coll. n. 602, Ath coll. n.
292, Preiss, n. 598, Harvey ; StirHng raiige, Oldjitld, Maxwell.

The leaves whcn nut mucli diviJeJ resenible tliose of some forms of H. varia, ihe
flowers are very diflerent.

95. H. bipinnatifida, 7?. Br. Prot. Nov. 28. A bushy slirub of
2 or 3 ft., tbe brancbes and fobag-e g-labrous. Leaves terete, once or
twice ternateh' divided or pinnate witb tbe lower seg-ments forked or
trifid, tbe seg-ments all slender, usually divaricate, niucronate-acute, ^
to I in. long', sniootb or sing-ly grooved, tbe wbole leaf under 2 in.
long'. Flowers small, in sbort dense abnost sessile racemes, axilbiry or
terminating- sbort leafy brancbes, tbe viHous rbacbis 5 to | in. long-.
Pedicels g-labrous, 1 to 3 Hnes long-. Periantb g-bibrous, scarcely H
lines long', straigbt, tbe limb erect in tbe bud. Torus straig-bt.
Gland prominent, semiannular. Ovary sbortly stipitate ; style sbort,
witb an erect stigmatic cone. Fruit nearly 1 in. long*, 3 to 4 lines
broad, smootb, tapering- at botb ends, tbe valves witb a prominent
dorsal born near tbe end. Seed-win^ decurrent along- tbe upper
maro-in of tbe nucleus. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 560, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 403.

^V. Australia. W. coast, £audin's E.rpedition; Swan viver, Eraser, Drummond,
n. 17, 22, 104, Freiss, Oldfield.

22. BUCKINGHAMIA, F. Muell.

Flowers bermapbrodite. Periantb irregular, tbe tube slender, revo-
lute under tbe g-lobubir limb. Antbers all perfect, sessile in tbe base
of tbe concave laminte, tbe connective not produced be^-ond tbe cells.
Hypog-ynous glands united in a singde semiannubar truucate and crenu-
late g-fand. Ovary sbortly stipitate, witb 4 collateral ampbitropous
ovules attacbed about tbe middle ; style fibform, witb an obbque
almost lateral disk at tbe end, witb tbe small stig-ma in its centre.
Fruit a compressed folbcle, opening- along- tbe upper suture. Seeds
very flat and tliin, surrounded by a liurrow wing--bke margin. — Tree.
Leaves undivided, penniveined. Fluwers small, pedicelbite in pairs m
terminal racemes. Bracts none or very deciduous.

The genus is limited to a single species endemic in tropical Australia and closely
aliied to the Grevillece of the section Cycloptera, dififering only iii the number of ovulea
and Bceds.

1. B. celsissima, F. Mndl. Fragm. vi. 248. A tree attaining 00 ft.
or more, tbe young* brancbes and inHorescence minutel}' boarv-
tomentose. Leaves petiobite, elbptical-oblong", acute or obtuse, taper-
ing- at tbe base, 3 to 5 in. long-, dark g-reen and apparently g-labrous
above but sprinkled witb minute bairs only visible under a lens,
glaucous or almost silvery imderneatb, covered witb tbe same g-re-
vilboid bairs. Kacemes 4 to 8 in. long-, somewluit secund, tbe llowers
crowded nearly from tbe base. Pedicels slender, about \ in. long-.
Periantb silvery, 3 to 4 bnes long-. Antbers broad, witb a tbick ratbor

Buckhuihamia.] civ. PilOTEACEiE. 533

broud connective. Ovary g-labrous. Follicle broadly and obliquely
ovate, about 1 in. long-, with a short incurved point. Seed broadly
obovate.

Queensland. Eockingham Bay, DallacTiij.

23. DARLINGIA, F. Muell.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth regular, the tube slender, straig-ht,
the limb g-lobular, erect. Anthers all perfect, sessile in the base of the
concave himin;v, the connective produced beyond the cell into a minute
g"land-Hke appendag"e. Hypogynous g-hmds 4, g-lobuhir, Ovary ses-
sile, with 4 collateral ampliitropous ovules attached about the middle ;
style fiUform, with an ovoid-fusiform end and a small terminal stigma.
Fruit a compressed follicle, opening- along- the upper suture. Seeds
very llat and tliin, surrounded by a wing"-Hke margin. — Tree. Leaves
entire or pinnatifid, penniveined. Flowers sessile in pairs in terminal
panicuhite racemes. Bracts none or minute and deciduous.

The genus is limited to a single species endemic in tropical Australia. Like Bucking-
hamia it is clostly allied to Grevillea, diflering in the number of ovules and seeds, and
distinguished from Buckivghamia, like" the sections Anadenia and 3Ianglesia from
Eugrevillea, chiefly in the straight perianth. The sessile flowers and minute appen-
dages to the anthers remove it also in a slight degree froui hoth genera.

1. D. spectatissima, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 162. A tree, quite
glabrous or the infiorescence minutely ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves
oblong- or obhmceohite, obtuse or acute, entire or deeply 3-lobed or
pinnatifid with 5 to 7 long hmceolate acute lobes, tapering- into a
rather long* petiole, the whole leaf 8 or 9 in. to 1|- ft. long, penni-
veined with ratlier numerous ahnost parallel primary veins. Racemes
in the upper axils 4 to 8 in. long, forming' a terminal panicle shorter
than the leaves, with numerous llowers, Perianth g-hibrous, | in.
long", the tube slender, the laminte tipped with small dorsal obtuse
appendag-es, distinct in the bud. Ovary villous-; style long*. FoUicle
l^ to nearly 2 in. long-, nearly 1 in. broad, recurved. Seeds oblong-,
as long- as the folHcle. — Helicia Darliiigiaiia, F. MuelL Fragm. v. 24;
Knightia Darlingii^ F. MueU. l.c. 152.

Queensland. Kockingham Bay, Dallachy.

Tribe 6. EMBOTHRiEiE. — Ovulcs several, imbricate in 2 rows.
Seeds usuaUy separated by thin hmiin;e or a mealy substance, (possibly
the outer coating- of the seeds detached and united as in Banksia).

24. TELOPEA, R. Br.

(Hylogyne, Salish.)

Flowers hermajthrodite. Perianth irregudar, the tube open early on
the under-side, tai^ering- and recurved under the Hmb, the huninoe
obHc|ue, broad. Anthers broad, sessile at the base of the lamintfi, the

634 CIV. PROTEACE.E. [Telopei

connective not produced beyond the cells. H^iTOgTnous glands united
in a short very oblique nearly complete ring. Ovaiy contracted into a
long- stipes and tapering- into a long- style, chivate at the end, with a
lateral stig-ma ; ovules several, imbricate upwards in 2 rows, latcrally
attached near the base. Fruit a recurved coriaceous fbnicle. Seeds
flat, terminating- in a nearly straig-ht or obHque membranous wing\ —
Tall shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire or toothed. Flowers pedicellate
in pairs, in very dense globuhu- or ovoid terminal racemes, surrounded
by an invohicre of imbricate coloured bracts, the bracts within the
raceme small. Perianths as well as the whole inllorescence red.

The geniis is enderaic in Anstralia. It is allied in many respects to Hahea, dif-
fering chiefly iu the number of ovules and seeds, and in habit.

Leaves prominently veined, mostly toothed. Invulucrc 2 to 3 in.

long l. T. sjieciosissima.

Leaves scarcely veined, mostiy entire. Involucre umler 1 in.
long.

Involucre glabrous 2. T. oreades.

Involucre silky-lerrugiuous 3. T. truncata.

1. T. speciosissima, B. Br. in jyans. Linn. Soc. x. 198, Prod. 388.
A stout erect glabrous shrub of G to 8 ft. Leaves cuneate-oblong' or
almost obovate, 5 to 10 in. long-, mostly toothed in the upper part,
tapering- into a rather long* petiole, coriaceous, penniveined with the
midrib prominent, a few rarely C[uite entire. Flowers crimson, in a
dense ovoid or g-lobular head or raceme of ahout 3 in. diameter. Invo-
lucral bracts coloured, ovate-lanceolate, the inner ones 2 to 3 in, h)ng-,
the outer ones few and small, surrounded by a dense tuft of floral
leaves hke the stem ones but smaller and more entire. Bracts under
the pairs of flowers very short. Pedicels thick, recurved, ^ to h in.
long-, Perianth g-htbrous nearly 1 in. long-. Ovules 12 to 10. Fruit
recurved, 3 to 4 in. long-. Seeds 10 to 20, the nucleus broad, obHquely
quadrate, the wing- obHquely truncate, ^ to above h in. long-. — Meissn,
in DC. Prod. xiv. 446 ; Emhuthrium spcciosissimnm, Sm. Specim, Bot,
Nov, Holl. i. 19, t. 7 ; Bot, Mag-, t. 1128 ; E. .'^patknlatum, Cav. Ic, iv.
60, t. 388; E. speciosnm, Sahsb. Parad. Loncl. t. 111; Ilylogijne spe-
ciosa, Knig'ht, Prot. 12(3.

N, S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, E. Brown, Sieber, n. 22, and
many others, known by tlie name of Warratau or WarataJi.

2. T. oreades, F. Mucll. Fragm. ii. 170. A shrub with tlie lial)it
of T. speciosissimu, the branches slightly ferruginous-jnibescent, the
foliag-e glabrous. Leaves obovate-oblong- or alniost lanceohite, acute or
obtuse, 4 to 8 in. long-, tapering- into a long- petiole, entire or rarely
with a few teeth at the end, usually g-Iaucous underneath, the veins
scarcely conspicuous excei^t the midrib, Racemes short broad and
dense as in T. speciosissima, but the glabrous involucre in one specimen
coloured and obtuse with the iiiner bracts 1 in, long-, in the other speci-
mens all herbaceous rig-id niucronate and the inner ones scarcely \ in.

Telopea.] civ. proteace^. 535

Ion!>-. FIowei's of T. speciosissi/na. Fruit 3 in. long-, besides the stipes
and ]iersistent style.

Victoria. Nangatta mountains and Canus river, Gipps' Land, JF. Mueller.

3. T. truncata, li. Br. in Tmns. Linn. Soc. x. 198, Prod. 389. A
stout slirub of 0 to 8 ft., the youn<>- branches ferruo-inous-pubescent or
villous, the fohag"e g-labrous. Leaves mostly oblong-cuneate, but vary-
ing- fi'om oblong-Hnear to almost obovate, obtuse or with a sraall callous
point, tapering- into a short petiole, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 in. long, thick,
the veins often impressed above and scarcely conspicuous underneath,
the margins often recurved. Racemes short and dense, about 2 in.
diameter. Invohicral bracts ovate, clothed with appressed hairs, the
inner ones | in. long-, the outer ones shorter, more acuminate and some-
times with herbaceous tips. Pedicels glabrous, about | in. long. Pe-
rianth under 1 in. long, the broad part shorter in proportion than in
T. spcciosissiina, tapering- into a recurved neck at least as long. Fruit
about 2 in. long-, besides the persistent style. Seeds about IG. — Meissn.
in DC. Prod. xiv. 446 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 327 ; Emhothrium triin-
catiim, Labilh Ph Nov. HolL i. 32, t. 44 ; Hylogyne australis, Kmght,
Prot. 127.

Tasmania. Mount Wellington, R. Brown ; abundant in cool humid mountainous
regions at au elevation of 2000 to 4000 ft., /. D. Hooher.

25. LOMATIA, R. Br.

(Tricondylus, Salish.)

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth irregular, the tube obHcpie, open
along the lower side, tapering- at the top, the Hmb ovoid-globular, re-
curved, the himinai long cohering. Anthers ovate, sessile in the con-
cave himiniB. Hypogynous ghmds 3, broad and truncate, the fourth
upper one deficient. Ovary on a long stipes, tapering into a long style
dihited at the top into a llat obHque disk stigmatic in the centre ; ovules
several, haterally attached below the middle, amphitropous, imbricate
upwards in 2 rows. FolHcle coriaceous, opening ahnost flat. Seeds
imbricate upwards, with a broad terminal nearly straight wing, sur-
rounded by the marginal raphe. — Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate,
entire, toothed or pinnately divided, very variable on the same indi-
viduaL Flowers pediceHate in ])airs, in terminal or axillary simple or
sHghtly branched racemes. Bracts under each pair usuaUy small
narrow and very deciduous or often enthely wanting-. Perianths white
or pale yeUow, sometimes assuming at length a reddish tint.

Tlie genus is also represented in tlie mountaius of extratropical South America, hut
the Australian species appear to he all endemic. The structure and proportions of the
parts of the flower and truit are rcmarkahly uniform in the Australian species, leaving
little for their distinction besides the. foliage which is emincntly yariablc. The thin
frao-ile pelliclc or powdery substance intcrposed bctwcen the seeds in this genus and in
Tdopea, appears to be an epidermal production of tlie seeil itself, but its real nature
can scarcely be ascertained witliout observing it in a fresh state both before and after
the maturity of the seed.

636 civ. PROTEACEiE. [Loinatia.

Leaves piunate witli ovate peiiolulatc ses^raents 1. L.fraxinifolla.

Leaves nndiviJed or onre or twice pinnate, with scssile or decur-
rent segnients usually reticulale and tootlied.
LeavcR niostly undivided, ovate to lanceolate, acutely toolhed,

rarely pinnato 2. L. iUclfolia.

liCaves niostly undivided, lincar-lanceolate, with callous ser-

ratiires 3. /y. Imgifolia.

Leaves mostly once twice or tlirico pinnate 4. L. silaifolia.

Leavee nairo-\v, undividcd, piiinatifid or pinnate, otlierwise entire
or rarely tnothed at the cnd, rather tliick and veinlcss.
Leaves niostly pinnate, ghibrous or nearly so. Eacemes long

aiid loose 5. L. tiactoria.

Leaves niostly undivided, closely and densely tomentose

underneath. Racenies sliort and dense &. L. pohjmorpha.

1. L. fraxinifolia, F. MkcU. Ilcrh. A tall slirub or small tree, tlie
branches aiid tbliao'o o-bibroiis and drying- black, tbe intlorescence
sbgbtlj ferrxiginous-tonientose. Loaves rnostly pinnate ; seg-ments 3 to
7, ovate or ovate-kinceobite, acuminate, coarsely-tootbed, contracted
into a distinct petiolule, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 in. long-, coriaceous and sbin-
ing- above, tlie veins not very conspicuous ; occasionally tbe lower leaves
are undivided, or on luxuriant sboots one or tvvo of tbe seg-ments are
again divided. Eacemes 6 to 8 in. long-, solitary or several in a broad
terminal panicle. Pedicels 3 or 4 bnes long-. Periantb glabrous, 4 to
5 bnes long-, tbe bmb ovoid. Fruit only seen young-.

Queensland. Rockiugham Bay, iJallacliy.

2. L. ilicifolia, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 200, rrocl. 390, Prot.
Nov. 33. An erect branebing- sbrub of several ft., g-rowing- out some-
times into a small tree, quite g-bUjrous or tbe young- sboots and inllo-
rescence more or less ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves petiobite, ovate
oblong- or lanceobite, irregubirly prickly-tootbed or lobed, varying- from
2 or 3 in. in some specimens, to twice tbat size in otbers, glabrous above
and more or less reticubite, closely and sbortly silky-pubescent under-
neatb ; tbe up])er leaves often small and distant, and on barren sboots
the leaves sometimes pinnate witb numerous small sessile or decurrent
binceobite toothed segments. Racemes long- and k)ose, simple or sbghtly
brancbed. Pedicels \ to i in, kmg-. Periantb glabrous or pubeseent
witb small a])pressed bairs, tbe tube 3 to 3.^- lines loag-. Fruit 1 to l^
in. long-.— Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 447 ; Bot. Mag-; t. 4023 ; Emhoth-
ritim ilicifvlium, Poir. Dict. iSuppb ii. 551 ; L. Fruseri, R. Br. Prot. Kov.
34; ^lcissn. bc.

N. S. Wales. Wonibat Brush, Fraser, A. Ciinnhujham; Berriina, Wovlls ; 'isavf
England, ('. iStuart ; Claience river, Bechler, Lcnnans ; Mouut Liiidsay, W Hill ;
Bnowy incuntains at the head of Macleav aiid Bellinger rivers, C. Noore ; southwarJ
to Twofold l!ay, .1. Cunninyham, F. Mvellcr.

Victoria. J'oit L'hillip, B. Brown ; Wilson's Promontory, ^aaier ; Dandenong
ranges, .Moiinl Disappoiutnunt, Seeler's Cove, Bunip Creek, Mount Aberdeen, Delatite
Mountains, &;c., F. sUueller.

The northeru specimens arc gencrally more ferrnginous-pubescent than thc soutliern
ones ; soine froni New Liighind have the leaves all sinall and ovate ; in tlio.se ironi
Clarence nver they are fretiuentiy piimate, and in one instance some are pinnatiiiJ witb

Loimtia.] civ. proteace^. 537

few lobes, and others pinnate with niany segnients on tlie s.mie specimen ; in Fraser'8
specimens tliey vary froiu slightly toothed to decply pinnatiiiil.

3. L. longifolia, 7.'. Br. in Trans. Lin». Sic. x. 200, Prod. 390. An
erect ^hrul) oi" 8 to 10 f"t., g-labrous or witli a slig-lit ferrujj-iuoiis pubes-
cence on the young- shoots and inHorescence. Leaves linear-lanceoh\te
or rarely oblong-lanceolate, aciuninate, bordered by distant serratures,
tapering- into a short petiole, niostly 4 to 8 in. long", not very promi-
nently veined. Racemes axillary and terminal, shorter than the leaves
or rarely long-er. Perianth «'labrous, 4 to 5 lines long-. Fruit about 1
in. long-".— Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 447 ; Bot. Reg-. t. 44i2 ; Enhuth-
rii/m mijricoidcs, Giertn. f. Fr. iii. 215, t. 218 ; E. lonrfifoliiim, Poir. Dict.
Suppl. ii. 551 ; Tricondijliis mijriccfoliiis, Knig'ht, Prot. 122 ; X. angnsti-

folia, Schnitzl. Ic. ii. 113 i' (name and fruit only).

N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson to tlie Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieher, n. 16,
Fl. J/i.d. n. -473, and niany others; Sydney woods, Paris Exliibition, 1855, MArthur,
w. 177 ; Argyle County, Baclhouse ; Twofold Bay, L. Mortrm.

Victoria. Kingriver, MiltaMitta and J3uffalo ranges, F. 3Iuelkr.

Var. arborescens. A sniall iree of 20 to 25 ft., with rather longer, more terininal
racenies and flowers, smaller or shwrter slender pedicels. — Sydney woods, Paris Exhi-
bition, 1855, MArthur, n. 219.

4. L. silaifolia, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 199, Prod. 389, Prot.
Nov. 33. A shrub of 2 or 3 ft., g-labrous or the young- shoots and in-
florescence minutely pubescent. Leaves mostiy twice or tlirice pinnate,
rarely simply pinnate ; seg-ments sessile and decurrent, linear or lanceo-
late, usuall}^ deeply and sliarply toothed, narrow or broad, long' or short,
the whole leaf usually 4 to 8 in. long- and broad, or the lower ones
larg-er, tlie reticulations obscure or prominent. Racemes terminal, long;
and loose, simple or branched, the tlowers larg-er than in the preeeding*
species. Pedicels \ to |- in., perianth 7 to 8 lines long-. — Meissn. in
IJC. Prod. xiv. .448; Bot. Mag-. t. 1272; Emhothrinm silaifoliiim, Sm.
Specim. Bot. Nov. Holl. 23, t. 8 ; ^. hcrbaccum, Cav. Ic. iv. 58 ; t. 384 ;
E. cnthmifolium, Sm. (Steud.) ; Tricondi/lus silaifoliiis, Knig-ht, Prot. 122.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Moretou Bay, F. 3Iuellir.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mounfains, E. Brmm, Sieher, n. 15,
and others; New England, C. Stuart, C. Moore ; Hastings river, Fraser.

Yar. induta, F. ]\lueil. Leaves silky-pubescent underneath, passing into the ciit-
leaved forms of X. ilicifolia. — Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, Leichliardt, F. Mueller.

Sonie specimens from Hastings river, Bcclier, with siniply pinnate leaves and toothed
Fegments may be a variety either of L. silaifolia or L. ilicifolia.

5. L. tinctoria, P. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 199, Prod. 389. A
small shrub, rarely exceeding- 2 ft., and increasing- by subterraneous
runners so as to form larg-e patches, glabrous or the young* shoots in-
ilorescence and underside of the lcaves silky-pubescent. Leaves pin-
nate bipinnate or rarely undivided ; seg-ments linear, obtuse, entire or
lobed, varying- from under i in. to above 1 in. long-, but rather regular
in the sanie leaf, scarcely veincd l)esi(les the midrib. Racemes terminal
or in the upper axils, pedunculate, loose, 4 to 8 in. long-. Pedicels

538 civ. PROTEACE^Ti. [Lomatiu.

about |- in., periaiith abuut 5 lines lun<i'. Fruit frum | tu noar 1 in.
lon^.— Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 448 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 328; Bot.
Mag-. t. 4110; Emhothrium tinctonvm., Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 31, t. 43;
Tricondi/liis tinctorius, Knig-lit, Prot. 122.

Tasmania. Port Dalrvmple and Derwent river, R. Brown ; abiinclant in sandy
soil, asceiKliiig to 3000 ft., /. Z». ITooker.

6. L. polymorpha, F. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 200, Prod. 389. A
tall slender shrub, the branches and intlorescence ferrug-inous or silky-
tomentose. Leaves mostly ublung--Hnear ur lanceulate, ubtuse or acute,
entire, tapering- intu a petiule, 1 ur 2 in. lung', rarely more or less pin-
natifid, thick, smouth and veinless above, densely but closely tomentose
underueath, the niidrib prominent, the marg-ins often nerve-like or re-
curved. Racemes terminal, shurt and dense. Pedicels 3 tu 6 lines lung'.
Perianth pubescent, | in. lung-. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 448 ; Hook.
f. Fl. Tasm. i. 327 ; Enihothrium tinctorium, var. Labill. Pl. ]N'ov. Holl.
i. 31, t. 42.

Tasmania. Port de l'Esperance and Mount Wollington, R. Brown; abundant in
tlie western anJ ceiitral alpine districts, J. D. Hooher.

26. CARDWELLIA, F. Muell.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth somewhat irreg'ular, the tube open
along- the luwer side, tapering- at the top and recurved under the ob-
liquely glubular limb. Anthers ovate, sessile in the concave laminue.
Hypog-ynous g-lands 4. Ovary contracted into a short stipes ; style
elong-ated, dilated at tlie top into a lateral disk stig-matic in the centre ;
ovules several, laterally attached near the top and imbricate downwards
in 2 rows. Fruit thick and woody, opening* at leng-th into a broad
follicle. Seeds very tiat, oblong-, surrounded by a wing'-like margin. —
A tree. Leaves alternate, abruptly pinnate. Flowers in terminal ra-
cemes, in pairs, witli the very short pedicels united. Bracts not seen,

The genus is liniitcd to a single speeies endemic in Australia.

1. C. sublimis, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 24, 38, 73, and 152. A tree of
80 tu 90 ft., the young' branches and infiorescence minutely hoary-tomen-
tose, the adult ibliag-e gdabruus. Leaves above 1 ft. long- ; leafiets 4 to
10, opposite or alternate, all on rather long- petiolules, ovate or oblong',
ubtuse, curiaceuus, veined. green above, pale glaucous or fulvous under-
neath, 3 to 8 in. long-. Racemes several in a terminal panicle, some-
times shorter sometimes longer than the leaves. Pedicels exceeding-ly
short. Perianth hoary-tomentose, the tube about | in. long-. Hypo-
gynous glands giobular. Ovules 12 to 10. Fruit when unripe with
the aspect of that of a Ai/!omeIuin, but une uld une in Herb. F. Mueller
has upened uut into a bruad orbicular fullicle, 3 in. diameter. Seed
about 3 iu. long-, | in. bruad.

Queensland. Mountains about Eockingbam Bay, Dallachj.

Stemcarpus.^ civ. puoti:ace^. 539

27. STENOCARPUS, R. Br.

(Agiiostus, A. Cunn.)

Flowers liennaplirodite. Perianth slij^htly irreo-ular, the tnbe open-
ing- along- the lower side, tlie linil) nearly globular and recnrved, the
seg-ments at length separating-. Anthers broad, sessile within the
concave laminjt, the connective not produced beyond the cells. Hypo-
gynous gdands united in a short seniiannuhir disk or cup or almost
obsolete. Ovary stipitate, tapering- into a long- style dihited at the top
into a flat obhque disk, stig-niatic in the centre ; ovules several, hiterally
attaclied at or near the top, imbricate downwards in 2 rows, Fruit a
foIHcle, usually narrow, coriaceous ; seeds produced at the lower end
into a membranous wing-. — Trees. Leaves alternate or scattered, entire
or deeply pinnatilid with few lobes. Peduncles terminal or in the upper
axils, sometimes several in an umbel or short raceme, each bearing* an
umbel of pediceHate red or yellow llow^ers. Bracts none or faUing- oif
at a very early stag-e.

The genus extends to New CaleJonia, the Aiistralian species are however all
endemic.

Leaves 6 in. to 1 ft. long. Perianths ahove 1 in. hmg, the

pedicels radiating in a single row round the disk-like end of

the peduncle \. S. sinuatus.

Leaves under 6 in. Perianths 4 in. long or less, the pedicels
irregularly crowded on the suramit of the peduacle.

Ovary usually puhescent 2. S salignus.

Ovary quite glabrous Z. S. Gunnincjhamii.

1. S. sinuatus, EmU. Gen. Pl. Suppl. iv. 88. A tree sometimes de-
scribed as small and slender, sometimes said to attain GO to 100 ft.,
g-hibrous or the inllorescence minutely tomentose. Leaves petiolate,
either undivided oblong--lanceolate and 6 to 8 in. long-, or pinnatiiid and
above 1 ft. long-, w^ith 1 to 4 oblong- lobes on each side, mostly obtuse,
quite g-labrous but reddish underneath, penniveined and minutely re-
ticulate. Peduncles terminal, either 2 or more tog-ether in a general
umbel, or several at some distance forming- a short broad raceme, each
peduncle 2 to 4 in. long-, and bearing- an umbel of 12 to 20 brig-ht red
llowers, the pedicels about ^ in. long-, radiating- in a sing-le row round
the chsk-like dilated summit of the peduncle. Perianth tube 1 in. long-
or rather more, straiglit, tapering- upwards, the limb recurved, globular,
about 2 lines diameter. Ovary densely pubescent, on a g-labrous stipes,
with a rather thick g'labrous style. Ovules 12 to 14. — Meissn. in DC.
Prod. xiv. 451 ; Apnostus sinuatus, A. Cunn. in Loud. Hort. Brit. 580 ;
Stenocarpus Cunnintjhanm, Hook. Bot. Mag-. t. 4203 (copied iuto Fl. des.
Serres. iii. 189, t. 7) not of R. Br. ; Paxt. Mag-. xiv. i. with a fig-.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Jloreton Bay, A. Cunninghain, W.Hill; Araucaria
ranges, Leichhardt ; Queenshuid woods, London Exhibition, J862, W. Ilill, n. 17.
N. S. 'Wales. iiichmond river, C. JMoore, Fawcctt ; Tweed river, C. Moore.

2. S. salignus, P. IJr. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 202, PnnL 391. A
moderate-sized tree, g-labrous or the inllorescence miuutely i^ubescent.

.040 civ. i-HOTKACE^. [Stenocarpus.

Leaves in the typical lurm ovate-lauceolate or elliptical, acute acuminate
or rarcly obtuse, tapering- into a short petiole, 2 to 4 in. long-, varying'
from penniveined to tri])linerved (the lower primary veins scarcely long-er
or much longer and thicker than tlie others), but the veins usually
indistinct slightly prominent or ahnost immersed, a few leaves on young'
trees or harren branches hirg-er and ])innatifid. Peduncles slender,
terminal or in the xipper axils, usually shorter than the leaves, bearing"
a sing-le umbel of lU to 20 flowers or in hixuriant specimens as many ^
as 30 flowers. Pechcels ^ to l in. long-, irreg-uhirly crowded on the
summit of tlie peduncles. Perianth usually under | in. long*. Ovary
shg-htly silkv-])iibescent or nearly g-labrous. Ovules 6 to 8, not so
closely imbricate nor so narrow and compressed as in S. sinuatns. —
Meissn. in DC. Prod. 451 ; Bot. Ileg-. t. 441 ; Hulica rubricaulis, Colla,
Hort. Ripul. Apj3. i. 114, t. 3; Emhothrium ruhricunlc, Giord. Obs. 1837
(Meissn.); Stowcurpus acacioidcs, F. Muell. Frag-m. i. 135.

Queensland. ^\'!iiwiLk, Kernst.

N. S. Wales. Giose liver, li. Brown ; Blue Mountains, A.andR. CunningJiam;
1 weed livcr, ('. Moore ; Illawarra, A. Cunninfjhain, Shejjherd; Svdney 'woods, Paris
Exbibition, 1855, 3l'Arthur, n. 187. Known under the nanie of '' Silky Oak."

Var. 3loarei. Leaves broader and usually niore dislinctly tripli- or quintupli-nerved,
the ovary rninutely pubescent. — iS'. 31oorei, F. RJuell. Fragm. i. 134, v. 154. — Eocking-
ham Bay, Lallachy ; Mount Lindsay, W. Hill; Llawarra, C. Moore ; Mount Warm-
ing, C. Moore (with a few leaves deeply pinnatifid with 3 or 5 long narrow lobes):

Var. concolor. Leaves more proniinently tripli- orrarely quintupli-nerved, the reticu-
lations also more distinct. Flowers rather larger. Ovary glabrous or nearly so. —
S. concolor, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 147, v. 154. — Broad Sound and near Maryhorough,
£owman.

3. S. Cunninghamii, /i'. Hr. Prot, Nov. 34. A tall bushy shrub
or small tree, glabrous or tlie inliorescence slig-htly jnibescent, the
specimens closely resembling- those of S. saligmis in which the leaves
are rather narrow, thick and obscurely veined. Leaves oblong'-lanceo-
late, obtuse or acuminate, varying- in breadth, about 2 to 4 in. long-,
tapering- into a short petiole, faintly trijjli- or cjuintupli-nerved, the
snialler veins rarely visible. Flowers precisely as in aS'. suligmis, except
that the ovary apj^ears to be constantly quite glabrous. — Meissn. in
DC. Prod. xiv. 451.

N. Australia. Vansittart's Bay, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham (with small flowers
nnd a slightly pubescent inflore.-ci ncc) ; sources of the Koper river, E. Mudltr (wiih
sniall flowers and a nearly ghiLirous inflorescence) ; Liverpool river, CadelVs Evpedition
(wiih rather hxrger flowcrs and tlie iniloresccnce quite glabrous). 'J he whole should
jirubably be considered as varieties of S. salignus.

TiuBE 7. Panksie^e. — Ovules 2, collateral. Seeds separated by a
liard or membranous, usually bifid, sometimes double plate, rarely
wanting'. Flowers in dense sj)ikes or co/ies with closely imbricate per-
sistent bracts within or below the spike.

The singular plate intervening betwecn the two setds in this tribc has been explained
by Brown to consist of the outer coating of one side of eacli seed, separating from the
inner coatings as they advance towards niaturity, the two beconiing nsually consoli-
dated opposite the nuclei, remaining distiuct oppoMte tlie seed-wings. This plate is

Stcnocarpus.\ Civ. PiiOTEACEyE. 641

entirely free from the walls of tlie pcricarp, cxcept at tlie point of attachment df (ho
seed, forming a portion of tlic latter, not of the formcr, anJ has tiierefore no titlo to tlie
name of a disscpiment, real or spurions, stiil givcn to it iu systematic worlis, even iu
the rrodromus.

28. BANKSIA, Linn. f.

Flowers liermaphrotlite. Periantli reg-ular or nearly so, strai"-lit or
curved, the slender tube opening- equally or aloug the lower side only,
the linib ovoid obhnig- or linear, the himinie remaining- long- cohereiit
or rarely separating as the tube opens. Anthers narrow, sessile in the
concave lamintB, the connective thick, usually very shorth' produced
beyond the cells. Hypogynous scales 4, very thin and memljranous
(rarely deficient .''). Ovary very small and sessile ; style usually lon^-er
than the periantli, rigid, curved and protruding from tlie sHt in the
perianth-tube until the end is set free by the separation of the himime
and then either straighteued or remaining- hooked or curved rarelv
straight from the first and not exceeding- the perianth ; the stio-matic
end on a level with the anthers, of a dilferent texture but smooth or
striate and furrowed, continuous with the style or with a prominent rim
at the base, the real stigma small and terminal ; ovules 2, collaterally
attached about the middle. Fruit a compressed capsule, openino- at
the broad end (or rather outer margin, for the scar of the stvfe is
lateral) in two hard often woody horizontal valves. Seeds usually 2
compressed, with a terminal membranous vving broad and rounded like
the valves, the seeds separated by a phite of the same shape (the con-
solidated outer integuments of the inner side of the two seeds) free
from the ripe seeds, simple (completely consoHdated) between the
nuclei, double (remaining- distinct) between the wings. — Trees or
shrubs. Leaves alternate or rarely verticillate or nearly so, usually
narrow, entire toothed pinnatifid or pinnate, with numerous (rarely
few) short teeth lobes or seg-ments, the primary veins numerous and
transverse, rarely inconspicuous or irreg-ular and the minute reticuhi-
tions numerous on the under surface, with a minute tomentum rarely
wanting in the areolie, and sometimes white and covering the whole
under surface, the upper surface ahnost alwa^^s g-labrous and smooth.
Flowers sessile in pairs, in dense terminal cylindrical oblong- or g-lobular
spikes, either terminal and sessile above the last leaves or rarely lateral
or on short lateral branches ; each pair of fiowers suljtended by one
bract and two lateral rather smaller bracteoles, both bracts and
bracteoles densely woolly-villous on the sides, the tips glabrous tonien-
tose or villous, either clavate and obtuse or truncate, or shortly acumi-
nate, always densely imbricate in parallel spiral or rarely vertical lines.
Perianth-tube very slemler and entire within the bracts, ultimately
splitting beyond them. In fruit the bracts and bracteoles become con-
solidated with the rhachis into a thick woody cone, either covered with
the withered remains of the ])erianths amongst which the capsules are
entirely concealed, or, where the fiowers are wholly deciiluous tlie
valves of the capsules protrude more or less beyoud the bracts, the

54G CIV. PROTEACE.E. [Ba>i/(Sia.

loAver indehiscent portion containing the nuclei of the seeds reniaining-
imbedded among- the bracts. The proportion of perfect capsules is
usually very small in relation to the number of llowers, of wliicli there
are often fi-om 500 to above 1000 in the same spike.

The genus is endemic in Australia, and the greater number of species are Westerni
two onl}' of the Eastern species penetrate into the tropics, besides oue which is exclu-
sively tropical, if it be really more than a variety of the most widcly dilfuscd of the
Eastern species.

Sect. 1. Oncostylis. — Le.aves linear or rarely lanceolate, v:itk revolute margins or
nearly fiat hut very inldte underneath, entire denticulate or pinnate uith small nume-
rous regular segments. Stj/Ie remaining hooked after the ^^erianth-limb has opened,
the stigmatic end very small.

Periauth-tube villous, lcss than half as long as the style, the h'mb
glabrous. Leaves small, entire. Western species.
Perianth-tube about 4 lines long. Leaves incurved or erect, 5 to

^ in. long 1. B.pulchella.

Perianth-tube about 3 lincs long. Leaves spreading or reflexed,

not exceeding ^ in 2. B. Meissneri.

Perianth-tube more than half as long as the style, silky as well as
the limb.
Leaves linear with closely revolute entire margins and not truu-
cate at thc end. \\'estern sj^ecies.
Leaves mostly short. Perianth under 1 in. long. Bracts

•with glabrous tips o. B. nutans.

Leaves mostly long. Perianth above 1 in. long. Bracts en

tirely woolly-villous A. B. spharocarpa.

Leaves linear, truncate or notched at the end and often denticu-
late, especially near the end.
Western species, leaves long.

Leaves (2 to 4 in.) very narrow, with closely revolute entire

margins. Bracts villous to the end 5. B. tricuspis.

Leaves (2 to 4 in.) with revolute or recurved margins, entire

or denticulate towards the end. Bracts \^-itli glabrous tips 6. B. occidentalis.
Leaves (4 to 8 in.) more open, showing the tomentose under

surface. Bracts tomentose at the end 1. B. littoralis,

Eastem species.

Leaves (about 4 in.) very narrow with closely revolute eutire

margins 8. 2?. ericifolia.

Leaves (l^ to 3 in.) narrow-linear with closely revolute

entire or denticulate margins 9. B. spiimdosa.

Leaves (1| to 3 in.) linear, more open, showing the white

under surface, denticulate to the base or rarely entire . 10. B. collina.
Leaves mostly verticillate, oblong-lanceolate or bvoadly linear,
entire or rarely toothed at the end, white undcrneath.

Western species \\. B. verticillata.

Lcaves pinnate with numerous small regular contiguous but
distinct segments.
Leaf-segments broad, triangular. Spikes small, globuhir or

ovoid \2. B. dryandroides.

Leaf-segments narrow, falcate. Spikes large, oblong or

cylindrical 13. -B. Broivnii.

Sect. 2. Cyrtostylis. — Leavesflat or undulate, the margins not revolnte, toothed,
pinnatifld or pinnate. Style arched or nearly straight and turned upwards after
flowering, not hooked, the stigmatic end small, not striate. Western species.
Perianlh obtuse or acutc, not aristate.

Leaves narrow, regularly serrate, usually white underneath.

Spikes narrow. Perianth glabrous, under ^ in. long . . .14. B. attenuata.

BaiiJma.] civ. photeace^. 54:3

Spikes bioaJ. reriantli 1 in. long, tlie tiibe villous, the iimb

at lengtii glabrous 15. J5. mcdia.

Leaves large, on iong petioles, irregularly tootbed or lobed.

Tree. Uuter bracts short 16. ^. Solandri.

Low prostrate shriibs. Onter bracts linear-subulate.

Leaves closely surrounding the spilie and not along the pros-

trate stem \1.B. Goodii.

Leaves erect along the prostrate stcni, white underneath,

none round the spike 18. B. p,,tiolaris.

Leaves large, on long petioles, deeply and inegularly pinnatitid.
Low prostrate shrubs. Spikes oblong.
Pcriantli 1 in. long, tiie liaib hirsute with loose usually persis-

tent hairs 19. -C. rcpims.

Perianth scarcely % in. long, the limb clothed with intricate

loose ferrugiuous very deciduous hairs 20. B. prostratu.

Leaves large, pinnate, with triangular distinct but contiguous seg-

meuts. Spikes cylindrical 2\. B. grandis.

Perianth acuminate with long awn-like points. Leaves nearly
sessile, not very iarge, irregulariy toothed or lobed.
Spikes 3 to 4 in. loiig, rather narrow. Bracts wilh glabrons tips 22. B. qiicrcifolia.
Spikes 4 to 8 in. loug, very thick. iJracts villous at the end . 23. B. Baueri.

Sect. 3. Eubanksia. — Leaves linear-lanceolate, ohlong or cuneate, vith recurved
or revolute, entire or dentate margins, tohite underneath. Sti/le atjirst curved, straight
and very spreading or rejiexed after the perianth-liiiib has opened, the stigmutic end
small, not s'riate. Easttrn or tropical species.

Leaves (mostly 1 to 2 in.) entire or rarely loothed, reticulate under-
neath, without any or with few and irregular pvimary trans-
verse veins 24. ^. marginata.

Leaves (mostly 3 to 6 in.) entire or rarely tootbed, with transverse
primary veins uuderneath, usually numerous but not much more
prominent ihan the reticulatious aud white like thera .... 25. B. integrifolia.

Leaves (mostly 4 to 8 in.) broad, coarsely toothed, the transverse
primary veins promiuent uuderneath and not so white as the
reticulations 2Q. B. dentata.

{B. latifolia, has nearly the flowers and style oi Eubanlcsia, but flat leaves uot white
underneath).

Sect. 4. Orthostylis. — Leaves flat or undulate (irregularly in B. Caleyi and B.
coccinea), serrate, jnimatifid or pinnate, with short lohes or segments. Perianth umally
straight. iSti/le, after the ijerianth-limh has opened, curved iipwards ncar the hase,
then straight and erect, the stigmatic end prominently angled and furrowed or
striate.

Eastern species.

Leaves 2 to 3 in. long, broad, irregularly toothed. Style end of

Euhanlsia 27. B. latifolia.

Leaves 3 to 6 in. long, f to 1 in. broad, regularly serrate. Style-
end thickened at the base.

Style-end cylindiical 28. B. serrata.

Style-endovoid, very short 29. B. cemulu.

Leaves 2 to 4 in. long, 4 to | iii. broad, regularly serrate. Style-

end oblong 30. ^. ornata.

Western species.
Perianth vilious.

Leaves | in. broad or more, very shortly sinuate, toothed.
Leaves 14 to 2.^ in. long, very broad, often cordate. Peri-
anths, before openiiig, iu duuble-straight rows alternating
with double rows of styles 31. B. cocd.nea.

5^4 civ. PROTEACEiE. [Banksia.

Lcaves I4 to 2^ in. lonir. Spikes long, the perianths and

Btvles aiternating in single rows 32. 5. sceptrum.

Leaves 6 in. to 1 i't. long 33. J5. MtiaiLsii.

Ltaves uniler ^ in. broad, reguhirly serrate, the veins incon-
spicuoiis underneath.
Lcaves 2 to 4 in. long. Spikes globular. Style-end sraall

and slcnder 34. i? lcev!<jaia.

Leaves 4 to 8 in. kmg. Spikes oblong Style-end long,

wiih a tliickened base 35. B. Iluokeria.ia.

Leavcs dceply and regularly serrate or lobed, the transver.se
vcins connivint in each lube. Style end stipitate above
its thickciied base.
Lcaf-lobes short aiid broad, not reaching halfway to the

niidrib *" 36. B.prionotes.

Leatdobes triangular, acuniinate, reaching more than half-

way to the midrib 37. B. Victorice.

Lcavcs pinnate witli conliguous broad acuta segmcuts. Style
hairy.
Spikes oblong. Periantli-limb obtuse. Leaves often 1 ft.

]ong 3S. B. speciosa.

Spikes globidar. Perianth-limb acute. Leaves under 6 in.

loiig 39. B. Baxteri.

Perianth glabrous.

Loaves 1 to l^ in. h)ng, oblong, truncate, sinuate-toothed.

Spikes oblong cylindrical 40. -B. marcescens.

Leaves U to 3 in. long, obovate-oblong, toothed. Spikes large,

nearly globular 4L B.Lemanniana.

Lcaves 3 to 6 in. long, narrow, sinuale and prickly-toothcd.
Spikes uearly globular. Perianth-limb hah as lung as the

tube 42. ^. Caleyi.

Leaves 2 to 4 in. long, reguhxrly serrate. Perianth-limb not

hah'as long as the tube 43. B. Lindlcyana.

Leaves 6 in. to Ift. long or more, with numerous regular
triangular lobes or segments.

Leaves lobed only 44. B.chcjans.

Leaves divided to the midrib 45. B. Candolleana .

Sf.ct. 5. Isostylis. — /Spikes reduced to depressed-globular heads. Periavths
ftraiglit, the linib openingas soon as the tube cind style straight tis in most Dryandrje,
but the outer bractsfeiv as in Banksise.
Leaves 1 to 3 in. long, obovate-oblong or cuneate, undulate and

prickly-toolhcd 4G. -B. ilicifolia.

B. UuegiUi, Br., B. lomjifolia, Desf., B. miniosoides, Don, B. rnbra, Don, and B.
virens, Don, are names only of plants which, if true Banksice, belong probably to some
of the species above enumerated.

Sect. 1. Oncostylis. — Leaves linear or rarely lanceolate, with
revolute niarg-ins or nearly flat but very wliite underneath, entire den-
ticultite or pinnate with small numerous reg-ular seg-ments. Style
remaininj^ hooked after the perianth-Hmh has opened, the stig-matic
end vory snr.ill and not distinctly furrowed.

1. B. pulchella, n. Br. in Trom. Linn. Soc. x. QOQ, Prod. 391. A
shrub with viHous or tomentose branches. Leaves crowded, erect or
incurved, hnear, sometimes very narrow or almost terete, obtuse or
almost acute, the margins entire and closely revolute, narrowly o-rooved
or more broadly channelled undorneath, the midrib not prominent, \

Banksia.] civ. PROTEACEiE. 545

to ^ in. long-. Spikes ovoid-g-l(»l)ul:ir, tlie rliachis 1 to l^ in. long-.
Bracts villous. Perianth-tube densely villous, about 4 lines long", the
limb acute, g-labrous. Ovary villous. Style nearly 1 in. long-, remain-
ing' hooked, witli a very small broad stig'matic end. Fruiting' cone
globular, about 2 in. diameter, the capsules usually very numerous and
closely packed, very flat, projeciing- but slig-htly, the margin becoming-
g'labrous, nearly 1 in. broad when perfect. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. ii.
264, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 452.

W. Australia. Lucky Bav, B. Brown, ancl probably from the samc neiglibour-
hood, Baxter, Drummond, n. 24, aiid 2nd coll. n. 338.

2. B. Meissneri, Lcfn/i. ; Mcissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 682, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 452. A spreading* shrub of 2 or 3 ft., or sometimes low
and strag'g'ling', the branclies slig-htly hoary. Leaves linear, rather
crowded, verv spreading- or retlexed, obtuse or scarcely acute, with
revolute marg-ins, sing-ly gTooved or channelled underneath, not above
:j in. long- and thicker than in B. pulchcUa. Spikes ovoid and flowers
smaller than in that species. Perianth-tube loosely villous, scarcely
3 lines long*, tlie g'labrous limb very small. Ovary g'labrous ? Style
about I in. long-, remaining* hooked with the small depressed stig-matic
end of i?. pulchclla. Fruiting- cone not seen.

Vy. Australia. Between Swan river and King George's Sound, Drummond, n.
109, 2nd cull. n. 282, Preis'!, n. 488, Harvey ; near Arthur, Oldfield ; Beaufort and
Gordou plains, Ma.vwell; and with more erect kvaves, Phillips river to Esperance Bay,
Maxwell. F. Mnelier thinks that this is a variety only of B. pulchella, with small
thick spieading leaves. The ovary appeared to me to be glabrous, but that character
may require further confirmation Both specics differ from all other Banlcsice in their
small perianth, very short iu proportion to the style.

3. B. nutans, P. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 203, Prod. 391. A
shrub, g'labrous or nearly so except the inflorescence. Leaves crowded,
very narrow-linear, almost terete, very shortly mucronate, the marg-ins
closely revolute and entire, sing-ly g-rooved underneath, | to 1 in. long-.
Spikes g-lobular or shortly oblong-, erect or nodding', the rhacliis from
under 1 to near 2 in. long-. Bracts with small g-labrous tips. Perianth-
tube I in. long-, silky-villous as well as the limb. Ovary g-labrous.
Style remaining- hooked, with a short thick stig-matic end not distinctly
furrowed. Fruiting- cone globular, 2 to 4 in. diameter ; capsules very
thick and scarcely protruding-, the end in some specimens above 1 in.
broad and nearly 1 in. thick, smooth and at first raised along- the
suture, at lenglh depressed the thick almost turg-id backs of tlie valves
very rugose ; in some specimens the capsules smaller and smoother,
but perhaps not fuU-g-rown. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 681, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 453 ; F. Muell. Frag-m. iv. 108.

■VJT. Australia. Lucky Bay, R. Brown ; King Gcorgc's Sound or adjoining dis-
tricts, Baxter, Drummond, n. 168, 3rd coll. 7i. 28\, Oldficld, Maxwell. Meissner de-
scribes the capsules as somewhat tomcntosc all over and not turgid on the top ; but he
had probably either a mismatched fruit or a distinct variety from auy I have seen, for I
have always fouud the capsules perfectly glabrous, and more deserving the character
of turgid at the top than any other species.

VOL. V. N N

546 Civ. PROTEACEJE. [BauJisia.

4. B. sphserocarpa, /?. Br. in Tratis. Linn. Soc. x. 203, Prod. 391.
A slirub of 3 or 4 ft., minutely silvery or lioary-tomentose. Leaves
linear, ol)tuse or scarcely mucronate, with closely revolute entire mar-
g-ins, under 1 in. long- in tlie typical specimens, in otliers 2 to 3 in. long.
Spikes globular or nearly so, 2 to 3 in. diameter. Perianth silky, vary-
ing-from a little above lin. to fully li in. long, tlie limb narrow, obtuse.
Style longer than the perianth, hooked, with a small cyhndrical stig--
matic end. Fruiting- cone globuhir, dense ; capsides slightly prominent,
g-hdjrous, thick, with a prominent ridg-e at the suture, nearly 1 in. broad
whcn perfect. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 581, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 452 ;
B. pinijhlia, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 453.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, E. Brown, Baxter, and others, and thence
to Swan river, Drummond, n. 99, 100, \st coll. n. 648, 649, 2nd coll. n. 336, Prtiss, n.
486,487,494,497, and others ; Miirchison river, OlJjield ; letween Moore and Mur-
chison rivers, Drummond, <dth coll. n. 199.

Some of the northern specimens, which constitute the ^.j>itt//bZia, have larger flower-
heads and tiowers and longer leaves, and a fruit of Drumniond's which, Irom his notes,
may beiong to this B. pinifolia is also mnch htrger, with inore prominent and thinner
capsules. Other specimens from the same district have preciseiy the flowers of the
common form. In some specimens the bracts have conical tomentose tips, in others
they are quite flat. It is possible thcrefore tbat two species may be here con-
founded, but the specimens are insuflicient for tlieir distinction.

Var. fflabrescens, Meissn. Flower-hcads and flowers smaller, not so villous, tlie
fiilvous liairs of the bracts not so prominent. — W. Australia, Drummond, lnd coll. n.
337.

Var. Zai//b/^a, F. MuelL Leaves short, 1 to l^ lines broad. Flowers hirge, sillcy-
villous with long rather loose hairs. — Perongerup Eange, Maxicell.

6. B. tricuspis, JRissn. in Hooli. Ketv Journ. vii. 118, atid iti BC.
Prod. xiv. 453. liranches rather slender, gdabrous or very shghtly hoary.
Leaves narrow-linear, truucate or ahiiost notched, Avith a small callous
point, the marg-ins entire and closely revolute, 2 to 4 in. long-. Spikes
oblong--cylindrical, 5 to 0 in. long-. Bracts obtuse, fiilvous-villous.
Perianths silky-villous but all withered and revolute in our specimens.
Style above \h in. long-, hooked, with a very small ovoid stig-matic end.
Fruiting" cone with very closely imbri(;;te obtuse bracts ; capsules very
prominent, not thick, becoming g'labrbus, 9 to 10 lines broad.

^V. Australia. Mount Lesueur and Gardner's Eange, Drummond, dth coll. v.
205.

G. B. occidentalis, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 204, Prod. 392.
An erect shrub of 4 or 5 ft., the branches g-labrous or minutely hoary.
Leaves linear, truncate notched or 3-toothed at the end, otherwise en-
tire or with a few small teeth towards the end, the margins recurved
only, showing-the white under surface and prominent midrib, 2 to 4 in.
long". Spikes from ovoid and 3 in. to cylindrical and twice as long".
Bracts with small glabrous tips. Perianth silky-villous, about f in.
long, the limb narrow. Ovary villous ; style about 1 in. long-, hooked,
the stig-matic end scarcely distinct. Fruiting- cone tomentose with the
closely packod bracts ; capsules prominent, not very thick, rounded,
tojnentose-villous, becoming glabrous at the suture, about f in. broad.

Banksia.\ civ. proteace^i;. 547

— Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. o8i?, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 454, Bot. Mag-. t.
3535; Lindl. and Paxt. Mag-. i. t. 35, copied into Flora des Serres vi.
63G, and into Lem. Fl. Jard. t. 119.

W. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, B. Brown, Baxter,
Drummond, '6rd coll. n. 283, Freiss, n. 491, and otiiers.

7. B. littoralis, 7?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 204, Prod. 392. A
tree of 20 to 40 tt., tlie branclies closely tomentose. Leaves scattered
or irreg-ularly wliorled, linear, broadly and distantly serrate or rarely
entire, tapering" into a petiole, 4 to 8 in. long-, tlie margins recurved or
nearly llat, tlie under siuface hoary-tomentose or white. Spikes oblong'
or cyhndrical, G to 10 in. long-. Bracts truncate and tomentose at the
end. Perianth silky, nearly 1 in. long-. Style rather long-er than the
perianth, remaining- hooked, with a very small ovoid stigmatic end.
Fruiting- cones tomentose with the closely packed bracts after the
perianths liave fallen away ; capsules shortly protruding-, rounded, not
thick, tomentose, | to | in. broad. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 583, and in
DC. Prod. xiv. 454.

W. Australia. King George"s Soiind and adjoining districts, B. Brown, Fraser,
Drummond, n. 109, \st coll. n. 647, Freiss, n. 479, 496, Oldjield, Maxivell, F. Mueller.
"Very near in many respects to the eastern B. collina, but at once distinguished by the
long leaves.

8. B. ericifolia, Linn. f. Suppl. 127. A tall shrub or small treo
of 12 to 14 ft., g-labrous except the inHorescence. Leaves crowded,
narrow-linear, truncate or notched at the end and sometimes with an
intermediate point, otherwise entire with closely revolute marg-ins,
rarely exceeding- ^ in. Spikes cyHndrical, G to 10 in. long*. Bracts
with broad shortly acuminate silky-pubescent tips. Perianth yellow,
silkv, the tube about | in. long-, the limb ovoid. Style about 1 in. long-,
hooked, with a very short thick stig-niatic end. Fruiting- cones long-
and cylindrical. Capsules scarcely protruding-, villous but often be-
coming glabrous, the ilat top f to 1 in. broad and 4 or 5 lines thick. —
R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 203, Prod. 391 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod.
xiv. 453 ; Cav. Ic. vi. t. 538 ; Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 156 ; Bot. Mag-. t,
738 ; Baill. Hist. Pl. ii. 393, f. 227 to 229.

N. S. TVales. Port Jackson, B. Brown, Sieber, n. 7, and many olhers ; Hastings
river, Beckler.

9. B. spintilosa, Sm. Spccim. Bot. N. HoU. 13, t. 4. A tall shrub,
g-hibrous or the young- branches minutely pubescent. Leaves narrow-
linear, notched at the end with a prominent point in the notch and
often bordered towards the end with 2 or 3 small teeth on each side,
otherwise entire, with revolute margins and the midrib prominent
underneatli, li to 3 in. long-. Spikes ovoid and 2 to 3 in. long-, or
rarely cvlindrical and twice as long*. Bracts with broad shortly acu-
minate silky-pubescent tips. Flowers yellow, hirg-er than in B. trici-

folia. Perianth silky, the tube nearly 1 in. long-. Style l^ to l^ in.
long", often purple, with a very short stig-matic end not thicker than

>' N 2

548 civ. PUOTEACE^. [Bimlisia.

tlie style. Fruiting* cone cylinilriciil. Capsules scarcely protruding",
glabrous, thick, smootli. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 203, Prod.
392 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 453 ; Cav. Ic. t. 537 ; Andr. Bot. Rep.
t. 457 ; B. denticulata, Dum. Cours, (Meissn.).

n. S. V/ales. Port Jackson, B. Broian, Sieber, n. 1, WonUs, and many others;
near r!iclininnd, Wilhelmi ; southward to Twofold Bay, F. Mneller.

10. B. collina, I}. Br. i/i Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 204, Prod. 392. A tall
erect slirub attaining" 8 to 12 ft., the young- branches tomentose or
villous. Leaves linear, much broader than in B. spinvlosa, and always
showing' the white under surface, the marg-ins only slightly recurved,
more or less denticulate or rarely quite entire, \h to 3 in. long". Spikes
oblong- or cylindrical, 3 to G in. long'. Bracts with broad flat or scarcely
acuminate ends. Perianths silky, the tube above 1 in. long-, the liml)
narrow-ovoid. Style longer than the perianth, hooked, with avery small
stigmatic end. Fruiting cone cylindrical like that of B. cricijolia or
long-er. Capsules thick and scarcely protruding- as in that species but
quite glabrous. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 454; B. lc/lijblia, A. Cunn.
Herb. ; B. Cunninfilmmii, Sieb. in Spreng'. Syst. Cur. Post. 47, and in
Eoem. and Schult. Syst. iii. Mant. 289 ; R. Br. Prot. Nov. 35 ; Meissn.
in DC. Prod. xiv. 454 ; Reich. Iconogr. Exot. t. 81 ; B. littoralis, Lindl,
Bot. Reg-. t. 1363, Grah. in Bot. Mag-. t. 3060, not of R. Br. ; B. pri-
onophylla, F. MuelL Ist Gen. Rep. 17 ; B. marginata var. vmcrostachya,
Hort. Petrop.

Queensland. Glasshouses, Moreton Bay, C 3Ioore.

N. S. VTales. Huntcr's river, Calei/ ; Blue Moiintains? Sieher, n. G; western
descent of tiie Blue Mountains, A. Cunninghani ; NewEngland, C. Stuart ; Eichinond,
Clarence and Hastings rivers, Beckler ; Sydney woods, Paris Exhibition, 1855,
M 'Arthur, n. 2 1 5.

Victoria, Wilson's Promontory, Baxter ; Sealer's Cove and towards Mount
Ararat, F. Mueller ; Upper Yarra river, G. Walter.

Whcn the leaves are small and rather broad, they are somewhat like those of B.
marginata, but the species is readily distinguished by the large flowers, hooked style
and thick capsules.

11. B. verticillata, B. Br. in Tr,nis. Linn. Soc. x. 207, Prod. 394.
A small tree, the young- branches tumentose and sometimes villous.
Leaves in whorls of 4 to 6 sometimes irreg'ular or broken on luxuriant
branches, shortly petiolate, oblong--lanceolate or broadly linear, with
recurved margins, white underneath, those of the llowering' stems 1|-
to 3 in. long", obtuse, entire or slig-htly toothed, but in some specimens
without flowers (Irom yoimg- trees ?) long-er, narrower and n)ore or less
serrate. Spikes oblong--cylindrical, 4 to 8 in. long-. Bracts truncate
or very shortly acuminate with woolly-villous ends. Perianth yellow,
silky, nearly 1 in. long-. Style scarcely long-er, hooked, with a very small
stigmatic end. Fruiting cones long- and narrow, the perianths deciduous
leaving- the closely packed bracts in lioary areohe, with a more g-labrous
centre, or with slightly ])rotruding- flat capsules, | to | in. broad, the
valves not thickened. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i, 583, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 467 ; Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 96.

Banksiu.] civ. proteace^. «>«

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, Buxter, Drummond, n. 167
(witli snialier tlowers), Ath coll. n. 304, Preiss, n. 493, 495 (the latter a barren specimen
with denticulate leaves).

12. B. dryandroides, Baxt. in Sn\ Fl. Austrul. t. 5G. A slirub of
2 or 3 ft., with very spreadino- tomentose branches. Leaves sessile, 3
to 6 in. lon<>-, flexuose, divided nearly or quite to the midrib into
numerous contig-uous triangular lobes or seg'ments, the largest of which
are 3 to 4 lines long- and l)road, thick, with revolute margins, white or
ferrug-inous-tomentose underneath. Spikes g-lobular or rarely ovoid,
about 1-| in. diameter, shortly pedunculate, more lateral than in most
species. Perianth-tube silky-villous, about ^ in. long-, the limb
hirsute with long-er deciduous hairs, about 1 line long", acute. Style
scarcely long-er than the perianth, remaining- hooked, with a very small
almost capitate stig-matic end. Fruiting- cone globular, about 2 in.
diameter. Capsules protruding-, rounded at the end, rather flat, f in.
broad, at first villous, at length g-labrous. — R. Br. Prot. Nov. 36 j
Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 588, and in. DC. Prod. xiv. 465.

W. Australia. Towards Cape Riche, Drummond, drd coll. n. 287, Preiss, n.
490, Jlaxivell ; ^lonnt Gavdner, Baxter ; sand plains, Kalgan river, Oldjield.

13. B. Brownii, Baxt. in R. Br. Prot. Nov. 37. A small tree of
10 to 20 ft. Leaves very shortly petiolate, 3 to 5 in. long-, divided to
the midrib into very numerous lanceolate falcate reg-ular seg-ments, the
larg-est scarcely above 3 lines long-, with recurved marg-ins, white under-
neath. Spikes"oblong--cylindrical, very tliick, 6 to 8 in. lon^. Perianth
silky-villous, about 1 in. long-, the limb small narrow and acute. Style
long-er than the perianth, hooked, with a very small stig-matic end.
Fruiting- cone oblong- or cylindrical, thick. Capsules protruding-,
rounded, not thick, shortly villous or at leng-th g-labrous, about | in.
broad. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 588, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 465.

W. Australia. TowardsCape Riche, Baxter, Preiss, n. 478, Drummond, 5th coll.
n. 415.

Sect. 2. Cyrtostylis. — Leaves flat or undulate, the marg-ins not
revolute, toothed pinnatifid or pinnate. Style arched or nearly straig-ht
and turned upwards or curved, but not hooked after flowering-, the
stio'matic end small, not furrowed.

The foliage is that of Orthostylis, but the style less rigid and erect, and the stigmatic
end that of Oncostijlis and BubanJisia.

14. B. attenuata, R. Br. i/i Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 209, Prod. 395.
A tree of 40 ft. with tomentose branches. Leaves linear or oblanceo-
late, serrate, tapering- into a short petiole, 3 to 6 in. long-, 3 to 5 lines
broad towards the end, rather thick, flat, hoary-tomentose underneath
with transverse veins and reticulations. Spikes cylindrical, 4 to 8 in.
lon"-. Bracts densely hirsute at tlie eud. Perianth g-labrous, the tube
about \ in., the limb 2 lines long", obtuse. Style remaining- arched but
not hooked, with a small slender stig-matic end. Fruiting- cone thick.
Capsule scarcely protrudinj^ from the remains of the flowers, villous,

550 civ. PROTEACEJE. [Bunlixia.

above 1 in. broad and h in. thick, showino- the scar or evon the base of
the style on the rig-ht-hand marg-in. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 264, and
in DC. Prod. xiv. 458 ; F. Muell. Frag-m. vii. 55 ; B. eyUndrostachya,
Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 34; Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 583, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 455.

TV. Australia. Kins: George'8 Sound, R. Broum ; Stiiling Eange, F. Mueller ;
thence to Swan river, Frasir, Drummond, Ist co'l. fiiippl. n. 114, 3rd coll. n. 286,
Preiss, n. 475 ; Serpeutine anJ Murcliison rivers, Oldjield.

15. B. media, It. Br. Prot. Nov. 35. A tall shnib or small troe, the
branchos hoary-tomentose. Leaveslanceohite-cuneate, truncate, serrate,
tapering- into a short petiole, 2 to 3 in. long* in some specimens, twice
as long- in others, |- to | in, broad, flat, tomentose underneath with
parallel transverse veins and reticuhite between them. Spikes oblong*
or cyhndrical, 3 to 6 in. long*. Bracts hirsute at the end. Perianth
about 1 in. long*, the tube shortly silky-pubescent, the limb at first
pubescont but soon becoming- g-labrous. Fruiting- cone thick. Capsules
imraersed in tho persistent remains of the iiowors, nearly g-labrous. —
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 45? ; Bot. Mag-. t. 3120.

^V. Australia. Lnrky Bay, Point j\Ialcolm, to Cape Arid, Baxler ; interior from
Cape Riche, Gardner, Fitzgerald and Philiips Rangcs, and away to thc eastward,
Maxwell.

16. B. Solandri, 7?. Br. Prot. Nov. 36. A tree, with tomentose
branches. Leaves on rather long- petioles, oblong-, truncate, more or
less divided into irreg-ular triang-ular lobes very rarely reaching" the mid-
rib, 6 to 8 in. long-, l^ to 4 in. broad, flat, very rigid, the under surface
pale and sometimes white, with numerous prominent transverse veins
and conspicuous reticulations. Spikes oblong- or cyhndrical, 3 to 8 in.
long". Perianths very slender, searcely 1 in. long-, the tube loosely
silky-hairy, tlie Hmb narrow, acute, ghibrous or with a very few long*
fino hairs. Style remaining- curved but not hooked, with a small very
short stigmatic end. Fruiting- cone ovoid or oblong-, 2 in. diameter.
Capsules quite g-hibrous, thick with a slig-htly prominent acute ridg-e at
the suture. — Moissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 4()3 ; B. Ilooltcri, Drumm. in
Bot. Mag-. Ixxiv. Comp. 1.

W. Australia. Monritains near King Genrge's ^onnA, Baxttr ; summit of Mon-
gerup, Drummond, Ath coll. n. 305 ; Perongerup ranges and sand plains, Kalsran river.
Oldfield.

17. B. Goodii, B. Br. Prot. Nov. 36. Stems short, woolly or to-
mentose, and apparently prostrate as in the three following- species, but
without loaves oxcopting- close under the infloroscence. Leaves on long'
petioles, i to 1 ft. long, 1 to 3 in. l)road, sinmite andirrog-ularly tootlied
or lobod but the lobes rarely reaching-halfway to the miclrib andusually
very short, vory rigid, the Undor surface tomontose but the tomontum
dcciduous and novor white, the primary transverse voins prominent.
Spikes obk)ng-cyHndrical, 3 or 4 in. long-, closely surrounded by the
floral leaves and a fow subulate phunose outer bracts. Perianth-tube
not 1 in. long', loosely villous, the limb narrow, acute, at first bearded

Banksia.] Civ. PROTEACEiE. 551

with long- hairs but soon <j-hibrous. Style remaining- curved but not
hooked, with a very small stig-matic end. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv.
463 ; B. harhifjera, Meissn. in PL Preiss. ii. SOl, and in DC. Prod. xiv.
463.

■W. Australia. King Gcorge's Sound or to tlie eastward, Baxter, Drummond, 3rd

coll. n. 290.

18. B. petiolaris, F. Mitell. Fragm. iv. 109. Stems short, pros-
trate, thick and tomentose. Leaves erect, on long- petioles, above 1 ft.
lon^, truncate, sinuate with short callous teeth, taperin^ at the base,
about 1 in. broad tovvards the top, flat or unduhite, thick, the veins con-
cealed on the under surface by a white tomentum. Spike erect as in
B. rcpens, cyhndrical, 5 in. long- in the specimen before me. Perianth
about f in. long-, the tube loosely pubescent, the limb nearly 2 lines
long", obtuse, bearing- long-er more deciduous hairs. Style remaining
curved, with a very small stigmatic end.

W. Australia. Sand plains, Cape Le Grand to Cape Arid, llaxwell (a single
specimen in Herb. F. jMueller). Possibly a variety of B. rejjens, as suggested by F.
Mueller, Fragm. vii. 58.

19. B. repens, Lahill. Voy. i. 411, t. 23. Stems short, prostrate, thick,
densely tomentose or woolly. Leaves erect, on long- petioles, often a
foot long", deeply and irreguharly pinnatifid, the lobes varying^ from
lanceohite or falcate entire and 1 to l^- in. long- to oblong-hmceolate or
somewhat cuneate entire lobed or pinnatifid and 1 to 4 in. long-, or to
short broad and abnost triang-ular, all thick and rigid, flat or undulate,
the transverse veins prominent underneath and sometimes also on the
upper surface. Spikes turned up at the end of the stems, not closely
surrounded by leaves, oblong- or cylindrical, 3 to 4 in. long-. Perianths
about 1 in. long-, the tube pubescent with short crisped hairs, the limb
recurved, nearly 2 lines long-, obtuse, villous with much longer crisped
hairs sometimes deciduous. Style remaining- curved but not hooked,
with a very small stiginatic end. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 211,
Prod. 396 ; Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 586, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 462 ;
B. jiolupodifoUa, Knig-ht, Prot. 113 ; B. MecJmifolia, F. MuelL Frag-m.
iv. 108 ; B. piiinatisecta, F. MuelL Frag-m. vii. 58 (name only),

■W. Australia. King Geovge's Sonnd or adjoining districts, Lahillardiere,
Baxter, Drum^nond, Srd coll. n. 291, Oldfield ; sandy plains from Stirling Bange to
Young river, Maxwell.

20. B.prostrata, B. Br. Prot. Nov. 36. Stems prostrate, tomentose.
Leaves erect, on long petioles, often above 1 ft. long- and 1 to l^ in.
broad, divided about half way to the midrib into broad ovate or trian-
g-ular mostly obtuse lobes, thick flat and rigid, the transverse veins
scarcely prominent even on the under surface. Spikes turned up at the
ends of the stems as in B. repens, not closely surrounded by leaves, ob-
lono" or cyhndrical, rarely above 3 in. long. Perianth scarcely above
I in. long, the tube loosely liirsute, the limb recurvccL narrow, obtuse,
at first densely bearded witli long- crisped and intricate ferruginous

652 CIV. PROTEACE^E. [Bunksia,

woollj liairs, but soon becominf;- g-labrous. Style remaining" curved
but not hooked, with a minutc stig-matic end. Capsules slightly pro-
minent, tomentose-villous, thick, 1 in. broad. — Meissn in Pl. Prciss. i.
587, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 4G2 ; Bot. Reg;. t. 1572.

TV. Australia. Sand plairis, King George's Soiuul and neiglibouring districts,
Baxtcr, Drmnmond, Zrd coll. n. 289, Preiss, n. 480, aiid several othcrs.

21. B. grandis, WilhJ. Spcc. Pl. i. 535. A tree attaining- about 40
ft., the branehes tomentose. Leaves often 1 ft. long- or more, divided
to the midrib into ovate-triang-iilar contiguous seg"ments, the larg-er ones
li to 2 in. long- and 1 in. broad at the base, the lower ones gradually
smaller, all flat, with several primary transverse veins impressed above,
prominent underneath, the under surface pale, reticuhite, tomentose in
the areolte. Spike cylindrical, 8 to 12 in. long-. Perianths above 1 in.
long-, the tube loosely villous, the limb g-hibrous, obtuse, scarcely 1|^
lines long". Style h)ng", remaining* curved but not liooked, with a small
oblong- stig-matic end. " Capsules g'labrous, G to 8 Hnes broad." — R.
Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 210, Prod. 396 ; Meissn. in PL Preiss. i.
587, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 4G4.

IV. Australia. King George's Soiind, R. Brown, Oldfield, F. Mveller ; Cape
Riche, Preiss, n. 474, 492 ; Swan river, Drummond, \st coll., Ohljield. The ibliage ia
tiearly that oi B. Baxtori, the spikes and flowers very dilFerent.

22. B. quercifolia, li. Br. in Tmns. Linn. Soc. x. 210, Prod. 39G.
An erect slirub of 5 or G ft., the branches and foHag-e g"hibrous. Leaves
sessile or nearly so, oblong--cuneate, truncate, deeplj and irreguhirly
prickly-toothed or pinnatifid, tapering- to the base, 2 to 4 in, long-, Hat
or undulate, tlie transverse veins and reticulations more or less con-
spicuous underneath. Spikes oblong--cylindrieal, dense but rather narrow,
3 to 4 in. long-. Bracts with very short glabrous tips. Perianth-tube
about I in. long-, ferruginous-villous, the limb narrow, reHexed, 2|
lines long- with an awn-like j)oint at least as long-, pubescent with
shorter hairs than the tube. Style about f in. long-, remaining- curved,
with a small very narrow stig-matic end. Caj^sules rounded, thick, gla-
brous or sliglitly tomentose, | in. broad. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 585,
and in DC. Prod. xiv. 462 ; Bot. Reg-. t. 1430.

W. Australia. Kiiig George's Sound, R. Brown, Baa-ter, Ilarvey, Preiss, n.
489, Oldfeld, and others. The ioliage is nearly that of B. Caleyi.

Var. integrifolta, F. Mnell. Fragm. vii. 57. Leaves cuneate, truncate, with a smail
central pungent point, entire or niinutely 2- or Stoothed. Capsules very thick, 1 in.
broad. — East Mouut 13arreu aud Tulbinup, Maxwell.

23. B. Baueri, li. Br. Prot. Nov. 35. Probably arljorescent, the
branchcs tomentose or nearly glabrous. Leaves oblong--cuneate or al-
most lanceolate, truncate, sinuate-toothed, very shortly petiolate, mostly
3 to 4 in., sometimes 5 in. long-, flat, the transverse veins prominent
underneath and the reticulations conspicuous, scarcely tomentose,
Spikes very thick and dense, globular or oblong-, G to 8 in. long-. Bracts
densely villous at the end. Perianth-tube pubescent, the limb densely

Banksia.l civ. proteace^. 653

villous, narrow, abruptly reflexed, about 3 lines lonp% cndin»^' in a plu-
mose awn-like point ot' h in. or more. Stvle rcmaininy ctirved, with
a narrow acuti^ stii^^matic end. Capsules concealod among* the dense
perianth-remains, very thick, g-labrous, smooth, 1} to \}, in. broad. —
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 460; F. Muell. Fraj>-m. iv. 107.

^V. Australia. Kins: George's Sound or the rieiglibouring districts, Baxter,
Drnmmond, 4th coll. n. 303. The long fiue points to tlie peri;inth-hiuiin;e foiming
awn like ends to the linib before it opens, are quite peculiar to thia and the preceding
species.

Sect. 3. EuBANKsiA. — Leavcs linear-lanceolate obh)ng* or cuneate,
witli recurved or revohite entire or dentate marg-ins, white underneath.
Style at first curved, straig-ht and very spreading* or rellexed after the
perianth-hmb has opened, the stig"matic end very small, not furrowed.

The tliree species here inchided, divided into many more by R. Brown, Meissner and
others, are so closely allied and so freqnently connected by intermediates, that they
might ahiiost be considered asvarieties of a single one.

24. B. marginata, Cav. Anal. Jlist. Nat. i. 227, t. 13. Ic. vi. 29, t.
544. Usually a bushy slirub of 10 to 15 ft., gTowing* out sometimes
into a tree of considerable size or sometimes low and straggling" or
depressed, the branches tomentose or villous. Leaves of the Howering"
branches very shortly petiohite, oblong- hmceolate or broadly linear,
obtuse or retuse, usually entire, with recurved marg-ins, 1 to 2 in. long",
in some Howerless branches or even on some flowering* specimens some
or all rather hirger and more or less serrate wuth short rigid or prickly
teeth, all very white underneath, minutely reticuhite, without any or
with very few of the transverse veins of B. intcgrifolia. Spikes oblong--
cylindrical, 2 to 3 or rarely near 4 in. long*, or in the dwarf varieties
sometimes nearly globuhir and small. Bracts tomentose at the end.
Perianths silky, 7 to 8 hnes long-. Style straiglitening- after the
perianth-himinie have separated, and usually very spreading* or
reflexed, with a small slender stiy-matic end. Fruitino- cone oblong--
cynndrical ; capsules prominent above the closely packed bracts, flat,
not thick, rounded, J in. broad, at first pubescent but the liairs w-earing*
oft'. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 204, Prod. 392, Meissn. in DC.
Prod. xiv. 455 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 1947 ; B. microstachya, Cav. Anal. Hist.
Nat. i. 224, Ic. vi. 28, t. 541 (specimens with serrate leaves) ;
B. viarginata^ Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 61, and B. ohlonffijhlia, Lodd.
Bot. Cab. t. 241, not of others (both with serrate leaves) ; B.
australis, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 206 ; Prod. 393 ; Meissn. in
DC. Prod. xiv. 456 ; Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 329 ; Bot. Reg-. t. 7S7 ; B.
depressa, B. patula and B. visularis, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 205,
200, Prod. 393 ; Meissn. Lc. 456 ; B. Gunnii, Meissn. l.c.

N. S. ^Vales. Port Jackson, R. Broion, Sieber, n. 8, and others ; Berriuia and
Mudgee, Woolls.

Victoria. Port Philiip, B. Brovn ; Waiiganatta and Dandenoag, F. Mitelkr;
Melbourne, Adamson ; Glenelg river, liobcrtson.

554 • civ. PROTEACE^. [Bafiksia.

Tasmania. Port nalrvniplo, Dcrwcnt rivo.r, aml Kins's Island, Ji.Brown. Abun-
(lant tlinnidiont tlie island, ascemling to 3000 ft., /. D. JlooJcer.

S. Australia. Port Lincoln, li.Brown; Boston Point, Wilhelmi ; near Adclaide,
Whittaler, BlandovsJd ; IMount Barker and Cook's Creek, Neumann; Kangaroo
Island, Watei'Jiouse.

It appears from R. Brown"s labcls that he bad originall}- referred all his southern
Rpecimcns to B. mnrpinatii, and the characters upon wliich he afterwards tlionght he
could distinguish four southern species, faii so completcly when applied to the^ hvrge
nuniber of specimens we now possess that I have fclt obhged to return to his ori-
ginal vicws. As a wholc the spccies differs from B. integrifolia generally in the
smaller leaves and flowers and in the leaves reticulate only without transverse veins.
In somc specimcns however some of the leaves show a few of these veins, especiaiiy
when toothcd there is olten one entering into each tooth.

B. prcnmorsa, Dum. Cours., B. ferrea, VeTit., and i?, /ijrpofettca. Hoffmsg., are names
ofgarden pLints which have been referred by Meissncr and others to this species.
B. mareesce».'^, P.onpl. .Tard. Maim. 116, t. 48, appears to me to represent the toothed-
leaved state of Z?. inarijinata, and not tlie truc B. marcescens, Br.

25. B. integrifolia, Lin». F. Sitppl. 127. A tree attaining- some-
times a considorable size, tlie young- branclies closely tomentose.
Leaves scattered, sometimes irreg-ularly verticiUate, oblong- cuneate or
lanceolate, quite entire or irregularly toothed, tapering" into a sbort
petiole, 3 to 4 in. long- in some specimens, twice that length in others,
especially the nortliern ones, h to near 1 in. broad, white underneath,
Avith numerous transverse veins and reticuhitions not very prominent ;
the young' shoots are also sometimes tomentose or villous with richly
eoloured fulvous alraost woolly liairs persisting' on the under side till
the leaves are nearly full g-rown. Spikes oblong" or cylindrical, 3 to G
in. long-. Bracts tomentose at the end. Perianth usually about 1 in.
long-, silkv. Style straightening- after the perianth-himinte have sepa-
rated and usually very spreading* or rellexed as in B. inaruinata.
Fruiting- cone oblong", cylindrical, the capsules prominent and not
thick, as in that species. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 206, Prod.
393 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 45(3 ; Cav. Ic. vi. t. 546 ; Bot. Mag-.
t. 27rO; B. spicata, G»rtn. Fr. i. 221, t. 48; B. oleifoJia, Cav. Anal.
Hist. Nat. i. 228, t. 14, Ic. vi. 30, t. 545 ; B. macrophyJJa, Link. Enum.
Hort. Berol. i. 116; B. compar, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 207,
Prod. 393 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 457.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, B. Brown, 0\Shanes!/; Brisbane rivcr, Moreton Bay,

A. Cunvinr/ham, F. Mueller, and otliers ; Condamine river, Leichhardt ; Mount Archer,
Bowman; Kockhampton and Kockingham Bay, DallacJiy. — The greater number of
tliese northcrn speciinens bave remarkably long leavcs, somctimes 8 to 10 in long and
f in. wide, and constilute the B. compar, Br. They have also usually rather largev
flowers, but neither character is at ail conslant, and E. Brown had himself at first re-
iVrrcd his sjiccinicns to B. inter/rifolia.

N. S. TVales. Port Jacksoii, B. Broiim, Sieher, n. 4, and many others ; north-
ward to Ilaslings rivcr, BecJdcr ; Richmond river, Fawcett ; New Enghmd, C. Stuart ;
j\Iouiit Lindsay, W. Hill; southward to Twofold Bay, F. MueUer.

Victoria. Scaler"s Covc, Port Phillip, Biighton," F. Mueller.

Var. paludosa. Flowers scarcely larger than in B. marginata, the peiianth 7 to 8
lines long, bnt the leaves of one of the common short lcavcd fornis of B. integrifolia. —

B. palvdosa, R. P>r. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 207 ; Prod. 3!)4 ; Meissn.inDC. Prod. xiv.
457 ; Bot. Reg. t. 697 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. .392.— Port Jackson, 7/. Broicn, Sieber, n.5.
Distributed aiso from the Botanical Garden, St. Pcteisbnr<:h as B. integrifolia.

Banhsia.] CIV. pnoTKACE.F.. 005

J5. o/;/o);_7//bZ/a, Ciiv. Aiinl. llist. N;it i. 225, Ic. vi. t. 542 ; I». Dr. in Trans. Linn.
Soc. X. 208, "iVod. 39-4; Meissn. in DO. Protl. xiv. IGl, appoars to lio icfcnible to B.
integrifolia, tlie specimcns ot' ISieher, n. 5, and tVoni Monnt liindsay, Fraxer, liave rather
more coriaceous leavos tlian iisnal with the transverse veins inoro proniiiiont, approacli-
ing in some decjrec B- (leiitata, but not otherwise distinpjnisliable from tlie typical B.
integrifolia. B. glauca, and B. salicifolia, Cav. Anal. Hist. Nat. i. 2.30, 231, lc. vi. 31,
B. af^j^h^nifolia, Salisb. Prod. 51, B. cnveifolia and B. rdicvlata, Hofimsg. iii IJoeni.
and Stdiidt. Syst. iii. Mant. 379 ; Meissn. in 1)C. Prod. xiv. 406, Halcea jJuhescens,
Hort. Cels. in Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2, are garden plants wiiich appear to have been
conoctly referred to B. integrifolia, altiiough several of tliem liave been described only
as to their foliage.

20. B. dentata, Lin». F. SuppL 127. A small tree of 15 to 20 ft.

closely allied to B. oUonfiifoliu. Leaves sliortly petiolate, cimeate-
oblong-, 4 to 8 in. long-, 1 to 2 in. broad, irregularly toothed, the
marg-ins slig-htly recurved, white underneath with the primary trans-
verse veins more prominent than in B. intcgrifoUa and not so white.
Spikes oblong- or cyHndrical, usually larg-er than in B. intq/rifolia but
the ilowers in all other respects as well as the fruits entirely those of
B. intcfjrifolia. Styles about l^ in. long-, becoraing- straight, with a
small narrow stigmatic end. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 210, Prod.
396 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 462; F. Muell. Frag-m. vii. 57.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brmvn ; Port Hiird, oppo-
site Melville Island, A. Cunningham ; Point Pearce, F. Mueller ; Glenelg river, N.W.
coast, Jlartin.

Queensland. Endeavour river, Banls and Solander, A. Cunningham.

Sect. 4. Orthostylis. — Leaves flat or tmdulate, regnilarly or
rarely irregularly serrate pinnatifid or pinnate, with short lobes or seg'-
ments. Perianth straight or the hmb rarely reHexed. Style after the
perianth limb has opened curvedupwards at the base only, then straig-ht
rig-id and erect, the stig-matic end prominently angled and furrowed or
striate.

The foliage is tliat of Cyrtostylis, but the regular rigid erect often almost imbricate
styles give the cones after the tlowers have opened a ditferent aspect, and the stigmatic
ends of the styles are well marked. A few species have the styles elegantly curved
before tliey are set free from the perianth-limb, and B. latifolia in its flowers and styles
is almost intermediate between Euhanlcsia and Orthostylii.

27. B. latifolia, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 208, Prod. 394. A
low but stout shrub, the branches densely tomentose. Leaves shortly
petiolate, obovate-oblong-, often truncate, irreg-ularly serrate with short
usually prickly teeth, contracted at the base, 4 to 8 in. long-, l^ to 3 iu.
broad, flat, minutely tomentose but not white underneatli, witli promi-
nent transverse veins and reticukitions. Spikes oblong-cylindrical,
3 to 5 in. long'. Perianth slender, about 1 in. long-, the tube shortly
silkv-pubescent, the lind) glabrous, narrow, acute, scarcely 2 lines long-.
Stvle becoming' straight and spreading* as in Euhanlma, with a very
sniall stigmatic end. . Fruiting- cones hirg-e and thick ; capsules villous,
not thick, protruding", about G or 7 lines diameter. — Meissn. in DC.
Prod. xiv. 460 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 2406 ; B. rohir, Cav. AnaL Hist. Nat. i.

666 civ. PROTEACEiE. [Bauksia.

226, Ic. vi. 29, t. 043 ; B. unciijcra and B. diUcnifffolia, Knight, Prot.
112,113; B.foigifolia Hoffinso-. : Roem. and Schult. S^-st. iii. Mant.
379 (Meissn.).

Queensland. Moreton Bay, W. IJill, F. Mueller.

N. S. TVales. Marshes about Port Jackson, li. Brown, A. Ctinningham, Leich-
hardt; Hastings river, Beclder.

28. B. serrata, JJnn. f. Suppl. 12G. A tree, the yoimo- shoots to-
mentose or villous and sometimes densely so with richly coloured
ferrug-inous very deciduotis hairs. Leaves ohlong-lanceolate, acute or
truncate, regularly and deeply serrate, tapering- into a petiole, 3 to 6 in.
long-, I to 1 in. wide, coriaceous, flat, hoary or rarely white under-
neath, with parallel transverse veins. Spikes ohlong--cylindrical or
rarely g-lohular, 3 to G in. long-, very thick. Perianth shortly silk}', the
tuhe ahove 1 in. long-, the lamina? narrow, acuminate, nearly 3 lines
long-, the silky liairs long-er than those of tlie tuhe. Style at leng-th
straig-lit, with a cylindrical somewhat furrowed stig-matic end, ahout h
line long and tliickened at the hase. Capsules very prominent, tomen-
tose, thick and Iiard, ohliquely rounded or ovate, ahove 1 in. hroad. —
K. Br. in Trans. Linn. Socl x. 209, Prod. 395 ; Srn. in White, Yov.
223, t. 18 to 20; Meissn. in. DC. Prod. xiv. 461; F. Muell. Fragm.
vii. 66 ; Andr. Cot. Rep. t. 82 ; B. conchifcra, Gwrtn. Fr. i. 221, t. 48 ;
B. miti.^, Knight, Prot. 112; B. dcntata, Wendl. Hort. Herrenh. t. 8;
B. viedia, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 329, not of R. Br.

N. S. \^ales. Botany Bay, Banks and Solander ; Port Jackson, A. Cunning-
ham, also according to Meissner, Sieber, n. 2, partly.

Victoria. Port Albert, F. Mueller (I bave not seen tbe specimens).

Tasmania. N. coast on two hilis called tlie Sisters, between Rocky and Table
Capes, Bachhovse, (Junn.

The plant fin;iired by Cavanilles as B. serrata appears to be rather B. cemula; Bail-
lon's figure, Hist. Pl. ii. 394, f. 230, is most probably taken from B. attenuata.

29. B. semula, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 210. Prod. 395. A
shruh very closely allied to B. scrrata and ditHcuIt to disting-uish from
it except b}- tlie stig-matic end of the style which is very much shorter
and ovoid. The tiowers are also said to be of a yellowisli g-reen without
the hluish g-rey ting-e of B. serrata. The spikes are usually not so thick,
the foIiag'e precisely the same, Capsules at least as larg^e as in B. ser-
rata, the tomentum easily wearing- otf. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 461 ;
Bot. Mag-. t. 2671 ; Bot. Reg-. t. 688 ; B. scrrata, Cav. Ic. vi. 27, t.
540, not of Linn. f. ; B. serratifolia, Salisb. Prod. 51 or ^. serrcefolia,
Knigbt, Prot. 112 (i?. Br); B. elatior, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x.
209, Prod. 395 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 458 ; B. wMata, Lindl.
Bot. Reg-. t. 1316.

Queensland. Sandy Cape, i?. Brown ; Stradbrooke Island, Moreton Bay, A. Cun-
viiighatit. J havc not seen P>rown's own speciniens oi B. eJatior, which have been mis-
laid, but there seenis no doubt that Cuniiiiighani was riglit in his identification.

N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, Ji. Brown, Sieher, n. 2 (our specimens at least), and
othcrs; Hastings river, Becl.ler ; Twofold Bay, L. Mortun^ (lcaves ouly).

Victoria. Gijips' Land, F. Jludler.

Bnnli.vn.] CIV. PIIOTEACE^^E. 557

30. B. ornata, F. MacU. Mcissn. in Linnrea xxvi. 352, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 400. A slirub of 5 or 0 ft., the branches densely hirsute.
Leaves oblony-cuneate, inosth'' truneate, reg-ularl}- serrate, tapering' into
a short petiole, 2 to 4 in. long-, ^ to | in. broad, Hat, tlie transverse
veins prominent underneath. Spikes g-lobular or oblong-ovoid, 2 to
4 in. long'. Bracts obtuse, villous. Perianth slender, villous with
spreading" hairs, 1 to l^ in. long", the limb narrow, 3 lines long\ Style
curved upvvards from the base, then becoming- straight, stig-inatic end
narrow, furrowed. Fruiting- cone ovoid ; capsules prominent, very
thick, tomentose-villous, fully f in. broad. — F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 50.

Victoria. N. W. districts, Z/. il/orio» ; Wimmera, Z>aZZac/«//.

S. Australia. Eiicouuter Bay, Mhittaker; Onkaparinga river auJ towards
Guiclnu Bay, F. Mueller.

31. B. COCCinea, li. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 207, Prud. 394.
An erect shrub attaining- 12 to 15 ft., the branches densely tomentose,
with a few long- spreading- hairs often intermixed. Leaves sessile or
very shortly petiolate, from broadly oblong- or obovate to almost orbi-
cular or broader than long', truncate or retuse, oftencordate atthe base,
bordered by small irreg-ular prickly teeth, l^ to 2|- in. long-, llat, rig-id,
prominently penniveined and reticulate underneath. Spikes g'lobular,
about 2 in. diameter, the flowers reg-ularly imbricate in vertical (not
spiral) rows, the tubes of those of each pair opening- inwards for tlie
emission of the style of whicli tlie end is retained in the reflexed limb,
the spike tlius long- remaining- eleg-antly striped by doidjle rows of arclied
richly coloured red styles alternating- witli double rows of villous pe-
rianths. Each perianth about 1 in. long* with a limb of about 2 lines.
When at length liberated the st^de straig-htens ; bearing a stig-matic
end of about | line, furrowed, with a prominent rim round its base.
Fruiting" cone after the fall of tlie perianths ovoid, 1 to \h in. diameter,
tomentose-villous ; capsules very sinall thin and scarcely protruding-, 4
or rarely 5 lines broad. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 585. and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 459 ; Bauer, IUustr. t. 3.

^V. Australia. King George's Sound and adjolning districts, R. Brown, Drum-
mond, Srd coll. n. 284, Preiss, n. 481, and many others.

32. B. sceptrum, Meissn. in Hook. Kew Jovrn. vii. 120, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 459. A tall shrub or small tree of 10 to 15 ft., with thick
closely tomentose branches. Leaves petiolate, oblong* truncate, shortly
sinuate-tootlied, 1| to 2| in. long-, ilat, rig-id, transversely veined and
reticulate underneath. Spike oblong--cylindrical, tliick and dense, 0 to
8 in. long", the curved styles protruding- before tlie perianth-limb opens,
alternating- in sing-le rows with the perianths. Perianth silky-villous,
the tube h in., the oblus-^ limb 4 or 5 lines long". Style after it is set
free from theperianth straig-htor liexuose, much long-er tlian the perianth,
with a thick furrowed stig-matic end of l^ to 2 lines. Capsules pro-
niinent, very thick, varieg-ated and liirsute, often 1 in. broad.

MT. Australia. Hutt rivcr, Drummond, 6th coll. n. 20f> : Munhisnn river
Oldjield.

558 civ. PHOTEACE^. [Banlisia.

33. B. Menziesii, li. Br. Prot. Nov. 30. A tree of 30 to 40 ft., the
branches thick and tomentose. Leaves shortly petioLate, 6 in. to 1 ft.
long-, I to 1 in. wide, truncate, bordered bv short broad teeth, more
or less ferrug-inous-tomentose underneath with numerous parallel trans-
verse veins. Spikes tliick, oblong-, 4 to 5 in. long-. Bracts with broad
obtuse tomentose pale coloured ends surrounded by the deeply coloured
woolly hairs of the sides, marking- the spike both in bud and after the
perianths have fallen with a lozeng-e-shaped pattern in numerous spiral
rows. Perianth-tube about 1 in. long-, silky-pubescent, the Hmb erect,
villous with long-er hairs, about 3 Hnes long-. Style incurved at the
base, then erect and straig-ht, with a furrowed stigmatic end about 1 to
\h lines long". Capsules very prominent, oblique, thick, tomentose. —
Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 584, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 459.

\ir. Australia. Swan river, Collle, Drummond, Isi coll., Preiss, n. 477; MurcLi-
Bon river, Oldfidd.

34. B. laevigata, il/r/.s.w. in DC. Prod. xiv. 458. A shrub? with
tomentose branches. Leaves hnear-cuneate, truncate, serrate, con-
tracted into a short petiole, 2 to 4 in. long-, thick, tlat, with the trans-
verse veins very fine and slig-htly impressed underneath. Spikes
g-lobidar, resembling- those of B. ornnta, 2 to 3 in. diameter. Perianths
incurved at the base, erect, hirsute with spreading- hairs, scarcely 1 in.
long-, the narrow limb about 1| Hnes long*. Style slender, incurved,
with a smaU narrow sHghtly furrowed stig-matic end. Fruiting- cone
g'lobuhir, about 3 in. diameter ; capsules slig-htly prominent, rounded,
thick, viilous, about J in. broad.

W. Australia. Between Swan river and Cape Riche, Drummond, bth coll. n.
414, or in some herbaria, 415 ; East Mount JJarren, Jlaxwtll.

35. B. Hookeriana, Meissn. in Iluok. Keiv Jonni. vii. 119, and in
DC. Prod. xiv. 458. A shrub of 5 or 6 ft., with densely tomentose
branches. Leaves Hnear-cuneate, 4 to 8 in. long-, 4 to 5 Hnes broad
near the end, tapering" into a short petiole, divided nearly half-way to
the midrib into numerous lji"oadly triangular teetli or lobes, minutely
tomentose underneath, the veins inconspicuous. Spikes oblong-, very
thick, 4 to 5 in. long*. Perianth curved upwards, nearly 1| in. long-,
the Hinb about 3 lines long-, densely hirsute with long spreading- hairs.
Style rigid, incurved at the base, then erect and straig-ht, with a slender
furrowcd stigniatic end.

TV. Australia. Betweea Tea-tree swamp anJ Irwin river, Drummond, Gthcoll. n.
202.

36. B. prionotes, Lindl. Swan Piv. App. 34. A tree of about 30
ft., with thick toraentose branches. Leaves 8 in. to above 1 ft. long-,
^ to 1 in. bruad, truncate, pinnatifid witli numerous rather regular
lobes not reaching- half-way to the midrib, broader than long-, rounded,
flat, with short rigid but not pung-ent points, the transverse veins
numerous and rine, visible underneath and converging- at the apex of
each lobe. Spikes thick, oblong-, 3 to 5 in. long-. Perianth incurved

Banltsiii.'] CIV, PROTEACE.E. 659

and erect, the tube nenrly 1 in. long-, villuus, tlie linil) 8 lines long",
very densely villous with spreaiHng- hairs. Style riyid, incurved at the
base, then erect, with a narruw iurrowed stiymatic end of 1 to l^ Hnes.
Fruitinji' cones after the fall of the perianth-remains showing- the pro-
minent conical tomentose ends of the bracts ; capsules prominent,
rounded, rather thick, tomentose or shortly villous, about | in. broad,
the hxteral base of the style more or less prominent. — Meissn. in PL
Preiss. i. 584, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 459.

IV. Australia. Betwecii Swan river and King George^s Sound, Drummond,
Ist cvlL, ord coU 71. 238, Prciss, n. 476, Ilarvey; Upper Gardner rivei-, Ilassell ; Mur-
cliison river, Oldjidd.

37. B. Victorise, Mcis.m, in Iluuh. Kcw Journ. vii. 110, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 404. A shrub of 1:2 to 15 ft., nearh'- aHied to B. prionotes
but the branches more hirsute, the leaves divided more than half-
way to the mi(h'ib into broad triang"ular acute or acuminate lobes, the
larg-er ones fully h in. long" and broad, and the loose ferrug-inous avooI
more persistent althoug-h ultimately deciduous. Spike of B. prionotesy
but the outer bracts at the base above h, inch long- and plumose with
long" hairs. Perianth rather long-er tlian in B. prionotcs, much more
villous, especially the Hmb. Style the same. Capsules more promi-
nent, 1 in. broad, densely villous Avith purple liairs. — Bot. Mag-. t.
4906; B. spcciosa, Lindl. Bot. Reg". t. 1728, not of R. Br.

W, Australia. Hutt river, Drummond, 6th coll n. 203 ; Baker's Well, OJdfidd.

38. B. speciosa, li. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 210, Prod. 390. A
tall shrub, with thick tomentose branches. Leaves shortly petiolate,
8 in. to above 1 ft, long-, divided to the midrib into numerous conti-
g-uous rounded or triang-ukir shortly acuminate seg-ments, the hirg-er ones
f in. broad at the base and nearly as long-, diminishing- towards each
end of the leaf, llat, rigid, retaining- more or less of a white tomentum
underneath, with numerous transverse converging- veins, Spikes very
thick, oblong-, 4 to 5 in. long-. Perianths incurved upwards, hirsute,
the tube about 1 in., the obtuse hirsute limb about 2| Hnes long-.
Style incurved at the base, erect, rigid, hairy ; stig-matic end stipitate
and tiirrowed. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 404 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 3052
(the leaves not quite correct) ; B. grandidentuta, Dum. Cours (Meissn).

W. Australia. Lucky Bay, R. Brown, Ba.vter.

39. B. Baxteri, B. Br. Prot. Nov. 30. A tall shrub, the branches
g-labrous or hirsute imder the spikes with long- line spreading- hairs.
Leaves mostly 3 to 4 m. long-, divided to the middle into ovate-
triangular acute contiguous segments, the hirg-er ones 1 in. long- and
f in. broad at the base but mostly smaller, llat, rig-id, pale or whitish
underneath with several fine and faint transverse converg-ing- veins.
Spikes globuhir, 2 to 3 in. diameter, the outer Hnear bracts pHimose
with long- fine hairs. Perianths hirsute with long- fine hairs, 1.', in.
long-, the linib narrow, acute or acuniinate, about 4 Hnes long-, Stvle
incurved at the base, erect, thick and rigid, densely hairy, the stlg-

560 civ. PROTEACE^. [Bunhsia.

matic end narrow, acute, furrowed. Capsules prominent, very tliick
and woody, l^ in. broad. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 587, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 404.

W. Australia. King Geor2;e's Sound or adjoining districts, Bavter, Drummond,
Ath coll. n. 306, Prtiss, n. 485, Harvey ; flat samly plains irom Stirling Kange to Salt
river, Maxivell.

40. B. marcescens, 7?. Br. in Tmn.i. Linn. Soc. x. 208, Prod. 395. A
shrub of 5 or (i ft. tlie branches tomentose. Leaves petiohite, oljlong-,
truncate, serrate, ahnost obtuse at the base, 1 to l^ in. k)n<i- and about
-^ in. broad, Hat, minutely tomentose underneath Avith faint transverse
veins and reticulations. S})ikes oblong* or cyHndrical, dense, 3 to 10 in.
long-, Hke those of B. mediu. Bracts tomentose at the end. Perianth
purple, ghdjrous, scarcely 1 in. long', the limb narrow, obtuse, about 2
lines h)ng'. Style erect, about as long- as tlie perianth, the stig-matic
end short and sulcate. Capsules usually buried in the persistent re-
mains of the tlowers, rather thick, rounded, about | in. broad, quite
g-labrous and shining- but chagrined with raised dots or tubercles. —
Meissn. in Ph Preiss. i. 580, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 461 ; Sw. Fl.
Austrah 1. 14 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 2803 ; B. pramorsa, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 258;
B. a.yjlrnijblin, Knight, Prot. 113, not of Salisb. (B. Br.).

W. Australia. King George's Sound, 3Ienzies, Baxter, Drummond, Zrd coll. n.
285, Preiss, n. 484.

Bonpland's fignre and descripikm of jB. nmrcescens, Jard. Malm. 116, t. 48, appear to
nie to represent ratlier one of the garden varieties of B. marginata. 1 have not seen
Preiss's specimens above quotcd from Meissner.

41. B. Lemanniana, Mcissn. in DC. Frod. xiv. 402. Branches to-
mentose or shortly villous. Leaves petiolate, obovate-oblong-, less trun-
cate than in most species, ahnost reg'ularly toothed, cuneate at the base,
l^ to 3 in. long-, Hat, loosely tomentose underneath when young-, the
transverse veins and reticulations visible but not prominent. Spikes
globular or shortly oblong", very thick, 3 to 4 in. long". Perianths g'la-
brous, above 1 in. long-, the narrow obtuse limb about 4 lines. Style
slightly curved, erect, the stig-matic end long- narrow and furrowed.

^V. Australia, Drummond, 4th coll. n. 302.

42. B. Caleyi, 11. Br. Prot. Nov. 35. A low shrub, the branches
tomentose. Leaves oblong'-lanceolate or narrow-cuneate, usually tnm-
cate, sinuate and broadly prickly-toothed or almost pinnatifid, tapering-
into a short petiole, 3 to 6 in. long", llat or undulate, green on both
sides, finely and not prominently transversely veined and reticulate un-
derneath. Spikes ovoid-oblong- or g-lobular, 2 to 3 in. long". Bracts
obtuse, densely villous. Perianths nearly 1 in. long% qxiite glabrous or
with a minute and scanty pul)escence on the tube, the limb very an-
g-ular and obtuse, about 4 lines long-. Style incurved, erect, the stig--
matic end long- narrow and furrowed, with a projecting- rim at the base.
Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 402.

VT. Australia, Baxter, Drummond, 4th coU. n. 301.

Banksia.] civ. niOTEACEiE. 661

43. B. Lindleyana, Mcissn. in ILioh. Kc7v Journ. vii. 120, andin DC.
Prod. xiv. 4;jr). A sliruli of 3 or 4 ft., differing- slig-litly froni B. Caleyi
in the narrower serrate leaves and tlie tlowers nsually larg-er. Young"
shoots tomentose and villous, leafy branches hoar^^ or almost g-labrous.
Leaves linear-hinceolate, serrate, tapering- into a short petiole, 2 to 4
in. long-, llat, slig-htly tomentose, reticuhite and pitted underneath.
Spikes ver}' thick, ovoid-g-lobuhir, about 4 in. long-. Bracts woolly-
tomentose witli short obtuse points j^rominent above the bracteoles.
Perianth glabrous, the tube uearly 1 in. long-, the obtuse angular limb
3 to 4 lines. Stjde incurved, erect, the stig-matic end long-, narrow
and furrowed.

W. Australia. Murcliison liver, Oldfidd, Drummond, Qth coll. n. 204.

44. B. elegans, Mcis.m. in Hook. Kcw Journ. vii. 119, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 465. A small tree, the specimens at first sig'ht closely resem-
bling" those of B. CandoUcana, the leaves of the same size, with numerous
broad pung-ent-pointed lobes, but divided only a little more than half
way to the midrib, and the under surface pale or whitish with a minute
tomentum, which almost conceals the veins, the smaller reticulations
quite inconspicuous. Spikes giobuh\r, larg-er and more dense than in
B. Candolleana. Perianth straight, full}- 1 in. long-, the tube minutely
pubescent, the limb narrow, ghibrous, fully 2 lines long-. Style curved,
erect, the stig-matic end fusiform and furrowed.

W. Australia. Valley of the Lakes, Hill river, Drummond, 6th coll. n. 200.

45. B. CandoUeana, ^fci.^isn. in Ilook. Kcw Journ. vii. 118, and in
DC. Prod. xiv. 4li5. A shrub with a creeping- imderground trunk and
erect leafy stems of 1 to 2 ft., the ilowering- ones often short with few
leaves, all minutely tomentose or giabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate,
often 1 ft. long* or more, divided to the midrib into numerous broad ovate-
triangular contiguous seg"ments, the larg-er ones scarcely above 4 lines
long- and broad, all pungent-pointed, liat, rigid, strongiy veined and
reticulate underneath. Spikes ovoid-giobuhir, not surrounded by leaves,
about \\ in. long* without the perianths, wiiich are not so dense as in
most species, straig-ht, about 1 in. long-, the tube slender, minutely pu-
bescent or giabrous, the limb oblong, giabrous, striate, about 2 lines
long". Style curved, erect ; stigmatic end fusiform, sulcate. Capsules
very prominent, hard, thick, tomentose, the projecting- portion 2 in.
long- and \\ in. broad, wuth a small hiteral couical beaK or persistent
base of the stjde. — F. MuelL Frag-m. vii. 68.

'W. Australia. Dundagaran and Hill river, Drummond, dth coU. n. 201.

Sect. 6. IsosTYLis. — Spikes reduced to depressed g-lobular heads.
Perianth-limb opening- as soon as the limb, the style straigiit, not longer
than the perianth, with a small stig-matic end.

40. B. ilicifolia, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 211, Prod. 396, Prot.
Nov. 37. A tree attaining- from 20 to 40 ft., or sometimes remaining
slirubby and 8 to 10 ft. hig'h, the branches toraentose and often hirsute

VOL. V. o o

663 civ. PROTEACE^E. [Banksia.

Avitbi a few loug- spreading hairs. Leaves sliorth- petiolate, oval-oblong
obo^-ate or cuneate, truncate, undulate and irregnilarly prickly-toothed
or lobed, 1 to 3 in. long-, green on botli sides, veined and reticulate
underneath, but the veinsrarely prominent. Spikes terminal, depressed-
globular, sessile amongst the iloral leaves, the rhachis with the chisely
packed villous bracts about | in. diameter. Perianths erect, straight,
the tube shortly silky-pubescent, 1 to 1;^ in. long, the limb obtuse,
g-h\brous or nearly so, not 2 Hnes long. Style not longer than the
perianth, erect, straight, g-labrous, with a small scarcely distinct stig--
matic end. Fruiting- cone very smalh Capsules usually 1 or 2 only,
very prominent, obhquely ovoid, thick, tomentose, the projecting- por-
tion i to I in. long, with a scarcely prominent lateral beak or scar
indicating the base of the style. — Meissn. in Ph Preiss. i. 589 and in
DC. Prod. xiv. 4G0 ; B. aqmJoUum, Lindh Swan Eiv. App. 34.

W. Australia. King Gtorge's Sounfl and the neighboiiring dislricts, 7?. Broun,
Baxter, A. Cunmngham, Ol(ifield, F. 3Iveller ; Swan river, Brummond, \st colL,
Freiss, n. 482.

The specimens at first sight closely resemble those nf somc fonns of Dryandra flori-
hunda, to which I find them reterred in several herbaria, as also by F. Mueher, Fragra.
vi. 92, and vii. 50.

Var. integrifolia. Leaves obovate, entire or scarcely toothed. — Swan river, Brciss,
n. 482 (some specimens).

29. DRYANDRA, Br.

(Hemiclidia, Br., Josephia, Salisb.)

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth reg-ular or nearly so, usually
straight, the tube slender, the Hmb oblong or Hnear, the laminie sepa-
rating as the tube opens, or rarely remaining long- coherent as in
Banksia, and the Hmb thus sometimes reflexed before opening, the tube
separating into the four claws to below^ the middle, the base of the tube
remaining entire. Anthers narrow, sessile in the concave lamin<ie, the
connective thick, usuaHy very shortly produced beyond the ceUs.
Hj^ogynous scales 4, very narrow, thin and membranous (rarely defi-
cient f), usuaHy accompanied b}' a few long hairs. Ovary very small
and sessile ; style straight and scarcely exceeding- the perianth, or
longer, curved and protruding from a sHt in the perianth-tube until the
end is set free by the separation of the himinae and then straightened ;
the stigmatic end, on a level with the anthers, of a ditferent texture,
smooth or striate and furrowed, continuous with the style or thickened
at the base into a sHghtly prominent rim, the real stigma smaH and
terminal ; ovules 2 (usuaHy or always ?), collateraHy attached at or
near the top, Fruit a compressed capsule, opening at the dilated end
(or outer margiu) in two coriaceous or rarely ahnost woody broad
valves. Seeds 2, or 1 by abortion, compressed, with a terminal mem-
branous wing broad and rounded Hke the valves, the seeds either sepa-
rated by a plate simple between the nuclei, double between the valves,
as in Banksia, but not so thick, or the outer integuments of the 2

Dri/andra.] civ. rnoTEACEiE. 563

seeds remain distinct from cacli otliei* but separated from the seeds
forming- two memliranous plates betwcen tlie seeds, or remaining-
attached to the nucleus or to the wliole seed leaving- the seeds separate,
each with a douhle or single wing*. — Shrubs, often low or flowering"
near the base. Leaves alternate, very rarely entire, usually either
sinuate and prickly-toothed, or pinnntifid or pinnate with numeroiis
small reg-uhir hibes or segments, usually smooth and veinless on the
upper surface, white-tomentose or marked with parallel transverse veins
underneath. Flowers sessile, in pairs, in dense terminal or lateral
heads in an invohicre of numerous imbricate scale-like bracts and
usually surrounded b}' a ring of floral leaves similar to the stem leaves ;
receptacle flat or convex, densely villous or woolly, with narrow-hnear
villous or woolly bracts or palea? subtending* each pair of flowers, some-
times very small or deficient at least in the centre of the head. Perianth
usually yellow, the short entire base glabrous or villous towards the
divided part, the remainder of the tube or claw^s usually pubescent or
villous, the Hmb occasionally, the whole perianth very rarely, glabrous.
Ovary ahnost always hairy. Capsules usually villous, but the hairs
very readily rubbing' ofi^, and in some species apparently glabrous from
the first.

The genus is endemic in West Australia. It is readily distinguished frora Banhsia
by the involucre, by the flat or nearly flat receptacle, and by the fruit; but the structure
of the flowers is so uniform that it is very difficult to cstablish any definite sections.
The difterences in Ihe foh"age correspond but very httle with those in inflorescence, and
both are variable in some species. Meissner has founded his groups onthe former, I
have preferred the inflorescence, whicli appears to me more characteristic. With regard
to the sections founded upon the differences in the so-called dissepiment of the capsule
(the plate intervening between the seeds), I have adopted them upon the supposition
that these ditferences are constant, bnt the seeds remain to be examined in a conside-
rable nuniber of species If it should prove that these species, here arranged according
to their apparent affinity with those whose seeds are known, have been misplaced, ail
practical utiHty in these sections will be lost, and some other principle of division must
be sought for, althougii no good one has as yet suggested itself.

Sect. 1. Eudryandra. — Outer integuments of the inner faces of the two seeda
united in a hifid plate separating from them. Involucres various, the hracts narrow or
very rarely rather hroad.

Sertes 1. Armatse. — Flowerheads nsuaUij large,mostbj terminal,enclosed injloral
leaves lonqer than theflowers. Involucres broad. Perianths ahove 1 in. long. Leave»
with prickiy teeth or lohes.
Invohicre (2 in.) as long as the flowers. Leaves obovate-oblong,

deeply prickly-toothed, not white underneath 1. D. quercifolia.

Involucre about half as long as the flowers.

Leaves obovate or oblong-cuneate, prickly-toothed.

Leaves white underneath 2. D. prcemorsa.

Leaves green on both sides 3. D. cuneata.

Leaves pinnatifid, with flat pungent-pointed lobes.

Perianth limb glabrous. Fruit 1-seeded 4. D.falcata.

Perianth-limb more or less liairy. Fruit 2-seeded . . . . b. D. armata.
Leaves dividc-d to the midrib or nearly so into small rigid seg-
nients with revolute margins.
Leaves 6 in. to 1 ft. long, the lobes lanceolate or triangular . 6. D. lomjifoUa.
Leaves 2 to 4 in. long, the segments lincar, distant. . . . 1. D. Fra^eri.

o o2

564 civ. pnoTEACE^. [Di-yandra.

Series 2. Floribundse. — Flower-heads small, mostly terminal, the floral leaves
either shorter than the flowers or few and spreadiny. Involucres hroacl. Ferianths
under 1 in. long.
Leaves obovate or cuneate, prickly-toothed, flat. Perianth silkj-

pubescent 8. D.florihuiida.

Leaves lanceolate, prickly-toothed or semipinnatifid, flat. Perianlh

silky-hairy • . 9. Z>. carduacea.

Leaves linear with revolute margins, entire or with few prickly '

teeth. Perianth glabrous 10. Z>. carlinoides.

Leaves pinnate with uumerous small segments, the margins re-
voiute.

Leaf-segments narrow, distant. Perianth-limb glabrous . . 11. D. jioli/cejihala.

Leaf-segments short, approximate. Perianth-limb narrow,

densely villous 12. D. Kijjpistiana.

Series 3. Concinnse. — Flower-heads small, broad, a.vill(ir>/, the bracts narrow, the
floral leaves usually spreading. Leaves flat or nearly so, tomentose underneath, pinna-
tifld, icith short lobes.

Leaves narrow, the lobes small and distant 13. Z>. squari'osa.

(See also o3, D. j^atens, with the flower-heads of the Concinncc
but the foliage of the ObvaUatce.)
Leaf-lobes contiguous, ovate-friangular, mucronate-acute.
Leaf-Iobes reaching about halfway to the midrib.

Involucral bracts acute, ciHate 14. D. serra.

Involucral bracts obtuse, tomentose 15. D. concinna.

Leaf-lobes divided nearly to the midrib 16. D.foliolata.

Series 4. Fonuosse. — Flower-heads large, hroad, terminal or axiUary. Involucrcd
hracts broad, villous. Leaves flat or nearly so, icith numerot(S contiguous triangulur
lohes or segments, tomentose underneath, acute but not pimgent-pointed.

Leaf-lobes scarcely reaching above halfway to the midrib. Flower-

heads mostly terminal 11. D. stupposa.

Leaf-lobes deep but not reaching the midrib. Flower-heads mostly
lateral.

Styles nearly 2 in. long 18. D. nohilis.

Styles under 14 in. long 19. D mucronulata.

Leaves divided to the midrib.

Leafsegments 2 to 4 lines long. Flower-heads mostly ter-

minai 20. D.formosa.

Leaf-segments under 2 lines long. Flower-heads mostly lateral 21. D. Baxteri.

Seeies 5. Nivese. — Flowering stemsfrom a creeping trunk very short, loith one or
fejio ovoid floicer-heads surrounchd hy long floral leaves. Leaves pinnate tvith numerous
rigid scgments lohite underneath except in D. nana.

Leafsegments contiguous, triangular or falcate, 1 to 8 iines iong 22. D. nivea.
Leaf-scgments separated by broad sinuses, linear, 2 to 4 lines long.

Style under 2 in. long ; stigmatic end narrow 23. D. arclotidis.

Style about 3 in.long ; stigmatic end large, ovoid .... 24. D. nana.
Leaf segments linear, ^ to above 1 in. long, some of them again

lobed 2b. D. Preissii.

(See also 30, D. vestita, which has sometimes dwarf flower-
ing-stems.)

Series 6. Obvallatse. — Flower-hcads axillary, ovoid or small, enveloped in long
floral leaves. Leaves either pinnate with very small rigid segments or more frequently
pinnatifld with very rigid pungent-pointed lohes.

I-eaves pinnate \yiih numerous decurrenl segments, undcr 2 lines
long, the margins revolute.

Dri/aiulra.] civ. imi()Tj;ace.e. 505

Involucral bracts nunicrous, witli long plumose points.

Periantii about J in. long 2Q. D. sclerophylla.

Involucral bracts few besides tlie leafy onea. Periantla

nearly 1 in. long 27. D. pulchella.

Leaves pinnatirul witli pungentpointed lobes.

Involucral bracts with long pluraose-hairy points, or somo
of tliera leufy.
Leaf-lobes triangular, appro.ximate, white underneath . 28. D. plumosa.
Leaf-lobes linear or lanceolate, usually distant . . .29. D. seneciifolia.
Involucral bracts numerous, narrow, tomeutose or villous,
bnt not plumose.
Invohicre narrow, 1 in. long. Leaf lobes nearly flat.

Leaf-iobes about as long as the broad rhachis . . . 30. D. vestita.
Leaf-lobes much longer than the narrow rhachis . .31. D . cirsioides .
Involucrc campanulate or broadly ovoid, under % in.
loug. Leaf-iobes distaut, with revolute margins,
white underiieath.
Perianth-limb glabrous. Involucre broad, \ in. dia-
nieter.
Bracts with acute, usually recurved tips. Floral

leaves appressed 32. D. Heivardiana.

Bracts obtuse, appressed. Floral leaves spreading 33. D.patens.
Perianth limb hairy. Involucre ovoid, | in. long, the

bracts appressed or infiexed 34. D. conferta.

Involucral bracts hirsute, tlie inner bracts above 1 in. long,

the upper half reflexed and deciduous 35. D. horrida.

Involucres glabrous or nearly so, the bracts rather broad
and closely appressed.
Leaves 2 or 3 in. long, withlinear or lanceolate lobes not

distant. Involucre f in. long 36. Z>. serratidoides.

Leaves 6 in. to above 1 ft. long, very narrow, with small

distant lobes. Involucre above 1 in. long . . . . 37. D. comosa.

Series 7. Gymnocephalae. — Floiver-heads lateral, on very short scaly peduncles
without floral leaves outside the involucre. Jnvolucral bracts very numerous and
narrow, afew of them leaf-like in one sptcies.

Involucral bracts all very narrow, acute and dry.

Leaves (2 to 4 in.) pinnate with numerous very small seg-
ments with revolute margins and white underneath.

Involucre 1 in. long 38. Z). Shuttleworthiana.

Lcaves (3 to 5 in.) narrow and entire. Involucre 2 in. long 39. D. speciosa.
Several of the outer involucral bracts leaf-like. Leaves under

2 in. long, linear-cuneate, mostly 3-toothed 40. Z>. tridentata.

Sect. 2. Aphra^mia. — Outer integuments of the two seeds not connate or readily
separalle froni each other [seeds without any or with a douhle plate between them).
Involucre large, with numerous broad hracts.

Involucres broad, lateral below the leafy branches, the bracts

bhick, glabrous or minutely ciliate.
Leaves very narrow, entire, or with few or very numerous

short not pungent-pointed segments 4L Z). tenuifolia.

Leaves under ^ in. broad, pinnatind with distant trian-

gular pungent-pointed lobes 42. D. protcoides.

Leaves above 4 in. broad, pinnatifid with broadly trian-

gular rigid acnte lobes 43. Z>. runcinata.

Involucres ovoid, terminating very short ascending stems,

witli a few leaves below thcm.
Leaf-lobes broadly triangular, rigid, acute ^3. D. runcinala.

566 CIV. PROTEACE.E. [Dri/audru.

lieaf-lobes short, very numerous, regular and obtuse. In-

volucre 2 in. long, glabrous and black 44. D. obtusa.

Lear-lobe.s linear, often again divided. Involucre 3 iu.

loiig, pale coloured, tonientose when voung 45. D. hipinnatifida.

Involucrt s terminal, broad, villous, surrounded by long floral
leaves.

Leaf-segraents linear or narrow-lanceolate 46. D. pteridifolia.

Leaf-segmeuts ovate lanceolate or triangular 47. D. calophylla.

Sect. 1. EuDRYANDKA, Meissn. — Outer integ"uments of tlie inner
faces of the two seecls imited in a bifid plate separating- from theni.
Involucres various.

See below, the observations under Sect. 2.

Series 1. Armat^. — Flower-heads usually larg-e, mostly terminal,
enclosed in floral leaves long'er than the flowers. Involucres broad.
Perianths above 1 in. long. Stig-matic end of the style slender, often
scarcely distinct. Leaves with prickly teeth or lobes.

This series differs froni the Forniosce cliiefly in the foliage.

1. D. quercifolia, Meissn. in DC. Frod. xiv. 4G7. Branches stout,
tomentose or villous. Leaves obovate-oblong- or oblong--cuneate, undu-
late and deeply prickly-toothed or lobed, contracted into a short petiole,
3 to 4 in. long-, flat, very rigid, veined and reticulate underneath but
quite g'labrous. Flower-heads terminal, very larg-e, surrounded by
floral leaves long-er than the flowers. Involucre hemispherical or
nearly g-lobular, nearly 2 in. long-, densely villous, the outer bracts
subulate-acuminate, the inner ones linear or linear-lanceolate. Peri-
anth about as long- as the involucre, hoary-tomentose above the short
giabrous base, the remainder silky-villous, the limb narrow, 3 lines
long-. Style longer than the perianth, the stig-matic end long- slender
and furrowed. Capsule obovate-falcate, fully h in. broad. — F. Muell.
Frag-m. vii. 50.

W. Australia, Drummond, 4th coll. n. 307.

2. D. praemorsa, Meissn.in Pl. Preiss.u. 2G5, and in DC. Frod. xiv.
467. Branches tomentose and sometimes hispid with spreading- hairs.
Leaves obovate or oblong--cuneat.', truncate, undulate, coarsely prickly-
toothed or lobed, IJ to 3 in. long-, white underneath, with prominent
transverse veins. Flower-heads terminal, surrounded by floral leaves
at least as long- as the flowers. Involucre broad, the outer bracts
broadly lanceolate and tomentose, the inner ones narrow and acute, about
half as long- as the flowers. Perianth above 1 in. long-, silky-villous,
the limb 2 lines long-, villous with long-er hairs than those ofthe tube.
Style long-er than the perianth, with a distinctly sulcate stig-matic end
of about 1 line. Capsule obovate-falcate, rather above ^ in. long-.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 2G, 125, 2nd. coll. n. 339, bth coll. n. 422.

3. D. cuneata, F. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 212, Frod. 397. A
tall shrub, the branches rather thick, tomentose and often hispid with
long spreading- hairs. Leaves shortly petiolate, from obovate to oblong--

Dn/tfndru.] civ. photeace^e. ^67

cuneate, undulate itnd deeply prickly-toothed or almost entire, tapering*
at the base, li to 2h or rarely 3 in. long-, penniveined and reticulate
but not white underneath. Flower-heads terminal, closely surrounded
by tioral leaves lonj^-er than the Howers. Involucre broad, about ^ in.
long-j silky-tomentose, the outer bracts kmceohxte and some of them
ahuost leafy, the inner ones ver}^ narrow, passing- into the filiform paleae.
Perianth about l^ in. long, hirsute with fine hairs, short on the tube
rather long-er on the limb, the limb narrow, acute, 2| lines long-. Style
nearly li in. long, the stigmatic end slender, obscurely furrowed. Cap-
sule broadly rounded, about ^^ in. diameter. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i.
590, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 468.

W. Australia. King George's Sound or adjoining districts, li. Brown, Baxter,
DmmmoHil, n. \lb, 3rd coll. n. 292, Maxwell.

4. D. falcata, IL Br. in Truns. Lvm. Soc. x. 213, Prod. 397. A
shrub of 4 or 5 ft., the young- branches usually tomentose and hirsute
Avith spreading hairs. Leaves more or less cuneate, jjinnatifid or deeply
toothed with lanceohite pungent-pointed teeth or lobes, tapering at the
base but ahiiost sessile, mostly "2 to 3 in. long, flat or unduhxte, very
rigid and not white underneath. Flower-heads terminal, closely sur-
rounded by floral leaves longer than the fiowers. Invohicres broadly
ovoid or ahuost giobular, 7 to Slineslong, the outer bracts linear-lanceo-
late aud tomentose, the inner ones narrow-linear. Perianth l^ to l^
in. long-, the tube woolly-tomentose above the glabrous base, the limb
g-labrous. Style scarcely exceeding the perianth, the stigmatic end
slender and not very distinct. Capsule " 1-seeded by abortion, the
abortive ovule forming a wing-like appendage to the interseminal plate."
— Hemiclidia Baxtcri, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 40 ; Meissn. in PL Preiss. i.
601, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 482; Bot. Reg. t. 1455.

W. Australia. King George's Sound or to the eastward, B. Broivn, Baxter,
Drummond, Ath coll. n. 321 ; near Cape Riche, Preiss, n. 527.

I h;vve not succeeded in finJing any capsules in any of our sets of Baxter's or of
Drummond's specimens, but as far as I can understand the charactei"s given, the difle-
rence iu the fruit upon which tlie genus Hemiclidia was founded is merely the result of
the abortion of one ovule, which occurs occasionally or perhaps constantly in one or two
other species of Dnjandra. The foliage aiid inflorescence of D. falcata are precisely
those of D. armata, from which I um uuable to distinguish flowering specimens except
by the glabrous perianth-limb.

5. D. armata, li. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 212, Prod. 397. A
mucli-liriinched shrub of 2 to 4 ft., the young- branches tomentose,
Leaves 2 to 3 in. long, deeply pinnatifid with hmceolate or triangular
pungent-pointed lobes, very rigid, flat or undulate, veined reticulate
and sometimes slightly tomentose underneath. Flower-heads terminal,
closely surrounded by floral leaves longer tlian the flowers. Involucre
])roadly ovoid or ahnost ghjbuhir, about f in. long ; the bracts at first
villous at length becoming- glabrous, the outer ones broad, the inner
narrow. Perianth above 1 in. long, more or less villous, the hmb nar-
row, obtuse, becoming- giabrous at the end but not entirely so as in that

5G8 Civ. riiuTEACE.i:. [Dryandru.

species. Style exceeding- tlie perianth, witli u vory narrow ftirrowed
stig-niatic cnd of about H lines. Capsule " ripeniny botli seeds im-
bcdded normally in the interseminal plate." — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i.
690, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 408 ; Bot. May. t. 3230 ; D. favosa, Lindl.
Swan Riv. App. 33.

■W. Australia. King Gcorge's Sound or neighbouring districts, B. Brown,
Baxt,r, Drummond, n. 1, and bth coll. «. 421 ; Swan iiv> r, Bieiss, n. 519 ; Blackwood
river and Toodyay, Ohlfield ; Mount Melville and sources of tlie Kalgan river, F.
Mueller ; sunimit of Cape Arid, Maxwell. I have not seen ripe ca]isules of this
Bpecies.

6. D. longifolia, i?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Suc. x. 215, Prod. 398. A
tall shrub, with tomentose branches. Leaves narrow, 6 in. to 1 ft.
long", pinnatifid with lanceolate or triangular rigid acute lobes, con-
tiguous or distant, 2 to 3 lines long or longer when narrow, the undi-
vided rhachis 1 to 2 lines broad, the margins revolute, the under sur-
face hoary or white. Flower-heads large, terminating" sliort branches,
surrounded by long floral leaves. Involucre broad, 1 J in. long, the outer
bracts with a short broad base and subuhite recurved points, the inner
ones linear-lanceoh^te and shortly acuminate but variable in breadth.
Perianth silky-pubescent, li in. long, the limb hirsute with afew longer
hairs, narrow, 2| lines long. Style shortly exceeding the perianth, the
stigmatic end scarcely distinct, slightly angular. — Meissn. in DC. Prod.
xiv. 4?7 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 1582 ; Sweet, Fl. Austral. t. 3 ; Paxt. Mag. iii.
1?1, with a fig".

TV. Australia. Lucky Bay (?), R. Broivn, Baxter ; summit of Cape Arid,
Maxwell.

7. D. Fraseri, 7?. Br. Prot. Nov. 39. An erect shrub of 2 or 3 ft.,
the young- branches tomentose. Leaves narrow, 2 to 4 in. long, divided
to the midrib into rather distant linear segments rigid and pungent-
pointed, divaricate or recurved, 3 to 4 lines long-, the margins revolute
and narrowly decurrent to near the next segments. Flower-heads
rather large and terminal or a few smaller ones on short axillary
branches, all closely surrounded by lioral leaves longer than the tiowers.
Involucre | to 1 in. long-, tomentose, the outer bracts broad at the
base, tapering into long slender hairy points, the innermost linear.
Perianth slightly silky except the glabrous base, 1| in. long, the limb
narrow, about 2 lines long. Style exceeding the perianth, curved, the
stigmatic end not thickened and only distinguishable by a somewhat
darkened coh)ur. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 590, and in DC. Prod. xiv.
470.

^W. Aastralia. Swan river, Fraser, Drummond, n. 129, and \st coll. n. Qi2 ;
York district, Brelss, n. 517 ; Dundagaran and Port Gregory, Oldfield.

Series 2. Floribund^.— Flower-heads small, mostly terminal, the
floral leaves either sliorter than tlie flowers or few and spreading-,
leaving- the flowers more exposed than in any other series. Involucres
broad. Perianths under 1 in. long-. Stigmatic end of the style small,
but tbickened and distinct. Leaves with prickly or rigid teeth or lobes.

Dn/andru.] riv. raoTEACK.E. oOD

8. D. floribunda, /,'. Br. iu Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 212, Prud. 397. A
busliy i^lirub ol" 4 tu 8 ft.^ the youn"- shoots more or less silky-hairy.
Leaves sessile or nearly so, obovate to cuneate, more or less undulate
and prickly-toothed, especially towards the end, otherwise flat, neither
prominently veined nor wliite underneath, all under 1 in. in some
specimens, 2 in. h)ng- or even more in others. Flower-heads terminal,
Tisiuilly numerous, closely surrounded by tloral leaves not exceeding* the
llowers. Invohicre cami)anuhite, under \ in. long-, pubescent; bracts
not very acute, the outer ones hmceolate, the inner very narrow.
Perianth not quite 1 in. long-, the tube silk3'-pubescent above the gda-
brous base, the limb obtuse, ahnost g-labrous. Style thickened and
bulbous-like above the base, scarcely exceeding- the perianth, the stig'-
matic end short, slig-htly clavate. Capsule obovate-falcate, h in. long-
in some specimens, smaller in others. — Meissn. in PL Preiss. i. 689,
and in DC. Prod. xiv. 468; Josephia sessilis, Knig-ht, Prot. 110.

W. Australia. King George's Soiind, Ji. Brown, Haxter, and tlience to Swaii
river, Fraser, Brummond, n. 118, \st coll. n. 638, 639, 2nd coll. n. 344, Prtiss, n. 520,
521, Oldfield; Chanipion Bay, Oldfidd.

Var. mnjor. Brancbes more tomentose and bairy. Leaves 2 to 2^ in. long, more
frequently cordate ; flowers larger. — Bot. Mag. t. 1581. — Cape Naturalist, Oldfield.

Tlie arborescent form mentioned by F. Mueller, Fragm. vi. 92, and vii. 50, is Banlcsia
ilicifolia.

9. D. carduacea, Lindl. Swan Piv. App. 38. A tall shrub attain-
ing- sometimes 12 ft., the ycung* branches slightly tomentose or g-la-
brous. Leaves mostly sessile, linear-cimeate or hmceohite, undulate,
deeply prickly-toothed or pinnatifid with pung'ent-pointed lobes, 1 to 2
or rarely 3 in. long-, hoary or whitish unclerneath, but the margins not
revolute. Fh)wer-heads ratlier small, terminal, the floral leaves not
exceeding- the flowers. Involucre campanulate, about ^ in. long-, the
bracts very numerous, lanceolate or linear, with recurved tips. Perianth
under 1 in. long-, the limb about 1 line long-, silky-hairy as well as the
tube. Style scarcely exceeding- the perianth, with a small slig-htly
thickened stig-matic end. Capsule rounded, about 5 lines long- and
broad, 1-seeded bv abortion in tbe one examined. — Meissn. in PL Preiss.
i. 591, and in DC". Prod. xiv. 469 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 4317.

TV. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll., Preiss, n. 516; Willianis river
and Tood}'ay, Oldfield. Some of Drummond's specimens belong to a form with longer
and less prickly leaves and ratber iarger flower-beads, with the involucral bracts less
squarrose, approaching in some respects D.falcata and D. armata, but with the babit
and shorter floral leaves of tbe Ploribundce.

10. D. carlinoides, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 267, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 479. An erect shrub, with the branches often almost verticillate
round the old flower-heads (proceeding- from the axils of some of the
leafy bracts). Leaves linear or lanceolate, rig'id and pung-ent-pointed,
entire or with 1 or 2 prickly teeth on each side near the end, the
marg-ins revolute, tapering- at the liase, f to 1 in. long-, hoary or white
underneath. Flower-heads terminal, usuallv numerous. Involucre

570 civ. i'U(iti:a<i:-t:. Drjaiuhut.

hemispherioal or uearly globukir, | to 1 in. diameter, more or lesi:?
villous, vvith a few outer leafy bracts long-er than the flowers, but
spreading- and not enclosed in floral leaves, mostly dilated at the base
and passing- into the iml^ricate bracts, which are very numerous, lan-
ceolate with h)ng- narrow points. Puleje pluniose ■with long" Avoolly
hairs. Periantlis g-hHbrous, about 7 lines long-, the limb narrow, mucro-
nate, l^ lines hjng-. Style rather long-er than the perianth, the stig'-
matic end short, slig-htly thickened and angular, Capsules scarcely
above \ in. long-.

TV. Australia, Driimmond, 2nd coll. n. 345.

11. D. polycephala, Bentli. Branches rather slender, g-hibrous or
nearly so. Leaves narrow, divided to the midrib into small rather
distant segments, the lower leaves 3 to G in. long- with short broad
obtuse seg-ments, those of the flowering- branches 1 to 2 in. long', very
spreading- or recurved, with narrow acute seg-ments of 1 to 2 lines ; all
the segments very rig"id, with recurved marg-ins decurrent along" the
rhachis to the next seg-ment. Flower-heads smali, numerous, termi-
nating- hit.n"al branches or crowded at the end of the principal ones, the
floral leaves few and spreading*. Invokicre broadly campauuhite, 3 to 4
lines long-, the bracts numerous, narrow, with subulate usually recurved
points. Perianth-tube about \ in. long-, silky-villous except the minute
g-hibrous base, the limb g-labrous, about 1 line long-. Style long-er than
the perianth, with a small but distinct chivate stig*matic end. Capsule
broadly obovate, not 3 lines long". — D. squurrosa, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss.
ii. liaC), and in DC. Prod. xiv. 474, not of K. Br.

TV. Australia, Drummond, Ist coll., 2nd coll. n. 342.

12. D. Kippistiana, Mcissn. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 122, and hi
DC. Prod. xiv. 473. An erect shrub of 2 or 3 ft., the branches loosely
hoary-tomentose, the young" shoots often hairy. Leaves narrow, IJ to
4 in. long-, pinnate ; seg-ments divided to the midrib, numerous,
obliquely triangular, obtuse or acute, 1 to 2 lines long-, the margins
revolute, decurrent along- the rhachis, but shortly so the seg-ments
being- much closer than in B. pulijcephala, usually white underueath.
Flower heads scarcely larger than in D. polyccphala, terminal with a few
also on very short axiUary branches, the floral leaves few and spreading*.
Involucre broadly campanuhite, under | in. long-, the bracts not
numerous, broad and tomentose at the base, tapering- into flne points
ciHate with long- hairs. Perianth-tube nearly \ in. long-, loosely hairy
above the ghibrous baso, tlie hmb narrow, above 1 Hne long-, densely
viHous with h^nger hairs. Style longer than the perianth, with a small
but distinct durk-coloured ol)tuse stig-matic end. — D. JoHolata, Meissn.
in Pl. Preiss. ii. 2GG, not of R. Br.

VT. Australia, Drummond, 4th coll. n. 3-43; near Duudagaran, Oldfidd.

Series 3. CoNCiNN.E. — Flower-heads small, broad, axillary, the
bracts narrow, the floral leaves usually spreading-. Perianth under |
in. long-. Stig-matic end of the stvle small but thickened and distinct.

I)ri/undra.] civ. protf.ack.t:. -iTl

Leaves tiat or nearlv so, tomentose underneath, semij)innatifid witli
short acute mucronate or rarely pung-ent-pointed lobes.

This series has the flower-heads of the Florihundie but axillary, wilh the lcaves of
the Plumosue but less deeply dividud.

13. D. squarrosa, li. Br. Prot. Nov. 38. A shrub with rather
slender branches, at first tomentose but soon becoming- o-labrous.
Leaves narrow, the lower ones 4 to 8 in. long-, those of the llowering-
branches usually about half that lengih, notched, prickly-toothed or
pinnatifid, w-ith short pungent-pointed or anguhir rather distant teeth
or lobes rarely reaching- lialf-way to the midrib, the entire centre of the
leaf of a uniform breadth of 1| to 2i lines, the whole leaf llat or undu-
late, hoary or tomentose underneath. Flower-heads small, often
numerous, mostly axillary surrounded by a few spreading- floral leaves.
Involucre broadly campauulate, under | in. long", the bracts numerous,
narrow, acute or with subulate often recurved points. Periantlis silky-
villous, about 7 lines long, the limb about 1 line long, villous with
long-er hairs. Style longer than the perianth, with a small slightly
thickened stigmatic end. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 474, as to Baxter's
specimens ouly.

VT. Australia. King George's Sound or to the eastward, Baxter, Ilarvei/.

14. D. serra, 7?. Br. Prot. Nov. 38. An erect shrub, from 5 to 10 or
even 15 ft. hig-h. Leaves 2 to G in. long-, divided halfway to the midrib
into numerous broadly triangular regular lobes, mucronate with short
rig'id points, flat, reticuhate above, tomentose underneath. Flower-
heads small, on very short axiUary peduncles or branches, surrounded
by a few spreading- floral leaves. Involucral bracts not very nume-
rous, lanceolate or Hnear-lanceolate, acute, usually dark-coloured with
densely cihate margins, the inner ones 3 to 4 Hnes long. Perianths
about 7 Hnes long-, slender, silky-viUous, the Hmb small, oblong-,
obtuse. Style about f in. long, with a smaH but thickened stigmatic
end. Capsule falcate, often h in. long. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 591,
and in DC. Prod, xiv. 470.

■W. Australia. King George's Sound or neiglibouring districts, Baxter, Drum-
Diond, n. 172, ord coll. n. 296, Preiss, n. 513 ; Wuljenup, Ma.vicell.

15. D. concinna, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 38, not of Meissn. A shrub,
probably tall, with tomentose branches. Leaves 2 to 4 in. long, pin-
natitid with triang-uhxr tinely pointed lobes, reticulate above and
tomentose underneath as in D. scrra, but the leaf usually rather
broader, Avith fewer lobes reaching about halfway to the midrib.
Flower-heads smaU, globular, on very short axiUary peduncles sur-
rounded by spreadiug floral leaves as in D. serra, but the bracts more
numerous, oblong- or oblong-Hnear, very obtuse and tomentose aU over,
thc inner ones 3 to 4 Hnes loiig. Perianths more viUous than in D.
scrra, otherwise apparently the samc but only seen withered. Capsule
nearly \ inch long, oljHrpie but not so fah^ate as in D. .wrra.

571? Civ. PHOTEArn.T:. [Drt/aiulrti.

W. Australia. King George's Souml or to tlie eastwanl, Bcuter, Drummond, n.
101.

IC. D. foliolata, 7?. Br. Prot. Nuv. 38. Apparently a tall slinib,
tlie branehes toiaentose and liirsute with spreading- hairs or nearly
g'la])rons. Leaves 8 to 6 in. long-, |- to 1 in. broad, divided more than
halfway to the midrib into obliqiiely ovate-triangnhir h)bes, acute or
niucronate, Hat or nearly so, reticuhite above, tomentose and trans-
versely veined underneatli. Flower-heads small, g'lobular, on very
short axillary peduncles or branches, surrounded by spreading- floral
leaves. Involucral bracts not very numerous, linear, softly villous, 3
or 4 lines long-, mostly expanded at the end into a small lamina.
Perianths very villous, about -^- in. long\ Style f in. long-, with a small
but thickened stig-matic end. Capsule obliquely rounded, about 5 lines
broad. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 471 ; D. mutica, Meissn. l.c.

■W. Australia. King George's Sound or neighbouriug districts, Baxter, Drum-
mond, Ath coll. 11. o09 ; Stirliug Kange, Oldfield, F. Mueller.

Series 4. F0RMOS.1;. — Flower-heads usually larg-e, broad, terminal
or axillary, surrounded by long- floral leaves. Involucral bracts broad,
villous. Styles long* with a long* narrow stigmatic end. Leaves flat or
nearly so, tomentose underneath, pinnatitid or pinnate, with nimierous
contig-uous triangular lobes or segments, acute or mucronate but not
pung-ent-pointed.

The infloresccnce and flowers are nearly those of the Armata', but the foliagc gives a
verj diflerent aspect to the specimens.

17. D. stupposa, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 33. A shrub of about 10
ft., closely resembling- D.formosa, but the leaves are not divided to the
midrib, the lobes often larger and more acute, and the flower-heads,
either terminal or on short lateral branches, are rather larg-er. Perianth
nearly 1| in. long-, woolIy-\aIlous above the g-Iabrous base, tlie upper
part cf the tube and limb silky-villous. Style long-er than the perianth,
with a narrow furrowed stig-matic end. — Meissn. in PI. Preiss. i. 591,
and in DC. Prod. xiv. 470.

■W. Australia. Swan river, Drummovd, Ist coll. n. 643 ; ncar Granthani, Prciss,
n. 502 (tiie hitter specimen not seen).

18. D. nobilis, LimU. Swan Piv. App. 33. A slirub of 4 to 7 ft.
very nearly allied to L). formosa. Leaves long-er, the lobes broader,
se])arated by more open sinuses and not always divided to the midrib.
Flower-heads still larger than in D.formosa, but the involucre rather
smaller, and all on exceeding-ly short lateral branches, surrounded by
numerous floral leaves. Perianths l^ in. long-, woolly-villous above
the glabrous base, then silkv-villous. Styles nearly 2 in. "long-. — Meissn.
in Pl. Preiss. i. 592, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 409 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 4633,
copied into Lem. Fl. Jard. t. 220, and into Fl. des Serres. vii. t. 728.

W. Australia. Swan river, Drvmmond, \st coll. n. 646 ; near Wicklow, Pniss,
n. 523 (IJeissn.).

Dri/andra.] Civ. PKOTEACEit:. 573

19. D. mucronulata, If. Br. i/i Tram. JAnn. Soc. x. 218, Prod. 398.
A shnib vorv closely alliod to D. nohllU and D.formosa. Branches to-
mentose and villous. Leaves very hing- and narrow, with very nunierous
trian<i'uhn'-talcate rig-id acute lobes which as in D. nohllls do not reach
the niidrib, all nearly tiat and tomentose underneath. Flower-heads
on very short axiHary branches or almost sessile, surrounded by
numerous floral leaves, smaller than in D.fornwm. Outer invohicral
bracts ovate acuminate, the inner ones oblony-linear, obtuse, nearly
1 in. long" and 2 hnes broad, silky-villous. Perianths 8 to 10 lines
kmg', woolly-villous above the g-labrous base, the remainder silky-
villous but the hairs not so long- and fulvous as in D.formosa. Style
under 1 in. long-. Capsule nearly | in. broad. — Meissn. in DC. Prod.
xiv. 470.

W. Australia. King George's Sound or the neighbouring districts, R. Brown,
Jla.cter, Drummond, 'ith coll. n. 311 ; Gordon plains, Maxwell; sumuiits of Stiriing
Range, F. Mueller.

20. D, formosa, li. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 313, t. 3, Prod. 397.
An erect slirub attaining- 8 to 15 ft., the branches tomentose and often
liirsute with long- fine spreading- hairs. Leaves 4 to 8 in. long-, reg"u-
larl}' divided to the michnb into obliquely triang'uhir or broadly falcate
segments, 2 to 3 lines long* and broad, mostly acute, flat and not very
thick, tomentose underneath. Flower-heads terminal, broad, surrounded
by floral leaves long-er than the flowers, the inner ones dihited at the
base and passing- into the invohicral bracts. Invohicre hemispherical,
1 to li in. diameter, the outer bracts ovate acuminate, the inner ones
narrow and obtuse, all tomentose-villous. Perianths l^ to l^ in. long-,
woolly-villous above the short glabrous base, the remainder silky-
villous, the limb narrow acuminate, about 2 Hnes lon^, densely villous,
with long' often fiilvous hairs. Style scarcely long-er than the perianth,
with a narrow furrowed stig-matic end. Capsule about 5 Hnes long-
and 3 Hnes broad. — Meissn. in PL Preiss. i, 693, and in DC. Prod. xiv.
471 ; Sweet, FL AustraL t. 53 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 4102.

■W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, Fraser, Drammond, 3rd coll.
n. 293, Preiss, Ji. 501, and manj others. The flower-heads and flowers vary in size,
even on the same specimens ; some specimens from Barker and from Oldfield have them
all smaller than usual. The capsules appear to be always smali.

21. D. Baxteri, P. Br. Prot. Nov. 38. A shrub of 4 to 0 ft., the
branches donsely tomentose. Leaves very narrow, often above 1 ft.
long", divided to the midrib into very numerous smaU triang-ular-falcate
rig-id acute seg-ments, the larg-est scarcely 2 Hnes long- and l)road, all
with recurved margins and white underneath. Flower-heads almost
sessile in the axils, surrounded by long- floral leaves. Involucre liemi-
spherical, above 1 in. broad, densely ferrug-inous-villous, the bracts lan-
ceolate, acuminate, the inner ones f to 1 in. long-. Perianths nearly 1
in. long-, woolly near the base, then silky-villous, the limb 2 lines
long, narrow, acute, tipped with a tuft of long fin? hairs. Style cx-

574 <^'i^'- riJOTKACEiE. [Drynndrn.

ceeding tbe periauth, the slender stig-matic end scarcely distinct. —
Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 593, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 471.

W. Australia. King George's Sound or to tlie eastward, Ba.rter, Drnmmond,
Prelss, n. aUU.

Series 5. NiVE^. — Low shrubs with a creeping- trunk and very
short ascending- flowering- stems bearing- one or few ovoid ilower-heads
surrounded by long- iloral leaves. Leaves pinnate with numerous rig-id
seo-ments, the margins usually but not always revohite and white un-
derneath.

The species here enumerated differ in habit from all except sorae states of D. vestita
and two species of the section Aphragmia, which require turther comparison with D.
Freissii as to their carpological characters.

22. D. nivea, li. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 214, Frod. 398. A
dwarf shrub, the stems sometimes scarcely any besides the underground
or creeping- trunk, rarely ascending- to nearly 1 ft. Leaves 4 to 8 in. long-,
pinnate, divided ahiiost or quite to the midrib into numerous reg-ular
triano-ular or falcate seg-ments, obtuse or rarely acute, 1 to 3 lines long-,
varying- in breadth, those towards the end of the leaf usually separated
by acute sinuses, the lower ones more distant and decurrent, or all dif-
ferent in this respect in dilferent leaves, all rather thick, with revolute
margins, white iinderneath. Flower-heads terminal, closely surrounded
by lon"- floral leaves. Involucre ovoid, usually about 1 in. long" ; bracts
nimierous, narrow, g-labrous or minutely ciliate, or with the ends more
or less woolly, the outer short ones sometimes subulate, the inner ones
obtuse or scarcely acute. Perianths about as long- as the involucre,
loosely villous except the undivided base, the limb scarcely 1| lines long.
Style considerably long-er than the perianth, with a small narrow stig-
matic end slightly thickened at the base. Capsule obovate-falcate,
about ^ in. broad.— Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 594, and in DC. Prod. xiv.
472; Banhsia nivea, Labill. Voy. i. 411, t. 24; Joscphia rachidifolia,
Knig-ht, Prot. 111.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, and many others ; eastward to
Cape Legiaiid, Labillardiere ; northward to Vasse, Swan, Moore and Murchison rivers,
Drummond, Prtisx, Oldfield, and others.

This species, evidently widely spread in the sandy plains of W. Australia, inchides
DruTOmond's,n. 64, 125, 134, Ist coll n. 640, 641, 645, 2nd coll. n. 346, 5th coll. n. 419,
and Preis8's n. 606, 510, and (according to Meissner) 504 and 508, besides numerous
specimens from other collectors. Drummond's 4th coll. n. 313, wiih rather longer
flowers {D. Brownii, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 595, and in DO. Prod. xiv. 472), Preiss's
n. 511 from near Pointwater, with the involucral bracts rather more woolly at tlie end
{D. Lindleijana, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 598, and in DC. l.c.) ; and Drummond's 6th
colh n. 212J from between Moore and Murchison rivers, with the leaf-segments rather
narrowerand more distinct than usual (D. stenoprion, Meissn. in Hook. Kew.Iourn. vii.
122, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 473), appear to me to be scarcely distinguishable from speci-
mens of the commoner forms even as marked varieties.

23. D. arctotidis, li. Br. Prot. Nov. 39. A dwarf shrub with the
habit of D. nivea. Leaves much more rig-id, 4 to 8 in. long-, deeply
divided into numerous linear-falcate rig-id acute lobes, 2 to 4 lines long-,

Dn/fiiidn/.] civ. puotkack.t:. 5?.'^

separatod by broad sinuses, with revohite maryius, white uuderneath.
Flower-heads rather hirg-e, termiual, surrouuded by numerous long*
ttoral leaves ciliate at the base with long- spreadiug- liairs. Invohicre
tn-oid, above 1 in. long*, the bracts numerous, o])h)ng--lanceohite or the
inner ones almost linear, nearly g-labrous except the densely ciliate
marg-ins. Perianths l^ in. long', tiie uudi\aded g-hibrous base longer
thau in most species, the remaiuder loosely vilh)us. Style nearly 2 in.
long-, with a small narrow dark-coloured stig-matic end. — Meissn in Pl.
Preiss. i. .j'.)."), and in DC. Prod. xiv. 475 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 40:35.

TV. Australia. King George's Sdund or neighbouring districts, Baxter, Dnim-
mond, bth coll. n. 418; Mount Manjpeak, Preiss, n. 515.

Var. tortifolia. Leat-lobcs narrnwer and more rigid, not so white underneath. — D.
tortifolia, Kipp. in Hook. Kew .Journ. vii. 121 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 475. — Between
Moore aud Murcliison rivtrs, Drummond, (ith coll. ». 211. A specimen of Drummond's
3rd coU. suppl. n. 101, is intermediate as it were between this and tlie typical furni as
to foliage, but is not in flower.

24. D. nana, Meissfi. in Uuoh. Kcw Jonrn. vii. 121, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 475. A dwarf or creeping- shrub with the habit of D. nicca. Leaves
2 to 4 in. long-, crowded round the llower-heads on very short ascend-
ing stems, divided almost to the midrib into linear-lanceolate acute
lobes, all very spreading- and often falcate, 2 to 3 lines long-, the mar-
g-ins not revolute, scarcely white underneath, with prominent pri-
mary veins. Involucre closely sessile within the leaves, ovoid, under J-
in. long-, the bracts narrow-lanceolate, silky-villous, the outer oneswith
subulate points, tlie inner ones acute. Perianths with the entire base
about \ in, long- villous towards the end, the divided portion of the
tube about as long-, the limb ovoid, reHexed before openino-, slio-htlv
hairy. Style hairy, very long-, doubled down to the limb untll released
and then straig-htening- to a leng-th of about 3 in., with a lar"-e thick
ovoid stig"matic end.

TV. Australia. Near Dundagaran, Drummond, Qth coll. n. 210. 'With the habit
of the Nivece, this species lias a somewhat diflerent foliage, and differs from the whole
genus in the remarkable style.

25. D. Preissii, JTci.^.m. in Pl. Preis.^. i. 599, and in DC. Prod. xiv.
480. A dwarf shrub witli short procumbent stems tomentose and with
linear-lanceolate scales on the base of each year's g-rowth. Leaves
rarely above 6 in. long-, pinnate ; seg-ments numerous, linear, acute or
mucronate, rig-id, with revolute margins, entire or pinnatilid, the laro-er
ones above 1 in. long-, but often all under | in., tomentose underneath.
Flower-heads terminating the short ascending- stems, with a few lono-
rioral leaves round them. Involucre ovoid, about 1 line long-, the bracts
numerous, all narrow, the outer ones with a short broader base and lono-
subulate ends, the others linear or linear-lanceolate, Hat and rio-id o-la^
brous or loosely tomentose. Perianths about 1 in. long-, loosely hirsute
the tube very slender, the limb broader, about 1 line lono-. Stvle IJ^ in!
long-, tlie stig-matic end small, narrow-conical. Fruit unknown.

W. Australia, Drummond, 2nd coll. n. 301 ; Gordon river, Preiss, n. 528 Stir-
ling range and Ilay river, F. Mueller. This species is placed next to D. bipinnatijida

576 civ. i'uuTEACi:^. [Dnjandra.

by Meissner on account of the foHage ; tlie iunoresccnce and involucre, usually more
indicative of tine 3flinity, are more tliose of the Niveae. The seclioual character and
consequently the rcal place cannot be ascertaiaed until the fruit shall have been
examined.

Series 6. OBVALLATiE. — FloAver-heads axillary, ovoid or small, en-
veloped in long- floral leaves. Leaves either pinnate with very small
rig-id seg'ments or more freqiiently iiinnatifld with very rig-id pungent-
pointed lobes.

26. D. sclerophylla, Mcissn. in Hook. Kew Jonm. y\\. 1123, ««^7 in DC.
Prod. xiv. 474:. Apparently a low but erect shrub, not mucli branched.
Leaves imder 3 in. long-, pinnate ; segfments numerous, triangidar,
acute, rarely 2 lines long, rigid, with revolute margins shortly decur-
rent to the next segments. Flower-heads not numerous, axillary or
sometimes terminal, closely surrounded by numeroxis floral leaves of 2
or 3 in. Involucre 7 to 8 lines long-, the bracts hanceolate, tapering"
into phnnose points. Perianth about | in. long, silky-villoiis, the oblong-
obtuse hmb becoming almost glabrous. Stj-le rather longer than the
perianth, with a shghtly thickened stigmatic end.

VT. Australia. Betwcen Moore and Murcliison rivers, Drummond, (jth coll. n.
209. The species is very nearly allied to D. ^ndchella.

27. D. pulchella, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 473. Apparently a low
but stout and erect shrub, the branches scarcely tomentose. Leaves 3
to 6 in. long, crowded, pinnate, with numerous rigid spreading- acute or
pungent-pointed segments rarely above 1 Hne long, the margins revo-
lute and decurrent to the next segment. Flower-lieads on short axiUary
branches closely surrounded by floral leaves. Involucre small, ovoid;
bracts not numerous, the outer ones more or less leaty, the inner ones
narrow, Avith long points. Perianth about 1 in. long, the tube
slightly silky, the limb oblong*, covered with rather long- silky hairs.
Style when set free nearly 1| in. long, with a narrow but distinct stig-
matic cone.

VT. Australia, Drummond, Ath coll. n. 312.

28. D. plumosa, F. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soe. x. 214, Prod. 398.
A shrub of about 2 ft., the branches tomentose and sometimes
densely villous with fine spreading' hairs. Leaves 6 in, to 1 ft. long",
deeply ])innatifld with triangular rigid acute lobes, the larg-er ones 2
to 3 hnes long and broad, the sinuses broad, the margins recurved,
tomentose iinderneath. Flower-lieads small, sessile in the axils, sur-
rounded by a few small floral leaves. Involucre 1 in. long, or rather
more, the bracts narrow, with long fihform plumose-hairy points.
Perianth i in. long, densely woolly-villous, the limb oblong, about 1
line long. Style long-er than the perianth, with a small shghtly fiir-
rowed stig-matic end. Capsule about 7 hnes broad. — Meissn. in Pl.
Preiss. i. 592 and in DC. Prod. xiv. 470.

W. Australia. Kins; George's Suund and neighbouring districts, li. Drown,
Baxter, Drummond, ith coll. n 310, Preiss, n. 507, 3Ia.vwell.

Dryaiidra.] CIV. PROTEACEiE. 577

l?r). D. seneciifolia, IL Br. Prot. Nov. 39. A slirub of 2 or 3 ft.,
witli stuut erect toiuentose stems, sometimes nearly simple. Leaves
crowded, 2 to 4 in. lonj;-, deejily pinnatitid with ratlier distant linear or
lanceolate punj^-ent-pointed lobes 1 to 2 or rarely 3 lines long', tbe
mar<>-ins revolute, wbite underneatb. Fb)wer-beads small, narrow.
sessile in tlie axils and buried in tbe numerous lloral k^aves. Involucral
bracts, many of tbem leafy, tbe inner ones bnear-sububtte, witb plumose-
villous points, about | in. long". Periantb about 5 bnes lonjj-, woolly-
villous above tbe ylabrous base, tbe Hmb glabrous or sprinkled witb
few silky bairs. Style scarcely exceeding- tbe periantb, tbe stig-matic
end not tbickened and smootb. Capsule ovate, scarcely \ in. long'.
— 3Ieissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 4?G ; D. cruptoccphala, Meissn. in Pb Preiss.
i. 590, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 479 ; Pbmcb. Hort. Donat. t. 2.

W. Australia. King George's Sound or adjoining districts, Baxter, Drunimond,
3rd coll. n. 297, ith coll. n. 316; rocky ridges, Perougerup range, Maxicell.

30. D. vestita, Kipp. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 121. Stems in our
specimens erect from a very tbick woody trunk, ^ to 1| ft. big-b, very
rig-id, boary-tomentose or almost woolly. Leaves Hnear or Hnear-
cuneate, 3 to 5 in. long-, very rigid, bordered by distant teetb or lobes
rarely reaclnng- balfway to tbe midrib, aH divaricate acute or pung-ent-
pointed, 1 to l^ Hnes long-, tbe entire centre or rbacbis l^ to 3 Hnes
broad, transversel}' reticubite underneatb. Flower-beads axiHary and
terminal, closely surrounded by iioral leaves. Involucre ovoid-oblong-,
softly viUous, 1;^ to 1| in. long-; bracts numerous, narrow Hnear-
lanceobite or Hnear, acumiuate, articulate above tbe base. Periantb
above 1 in. long-, wooHy-vinous above tbe glabrous base, tbe Hmb gla-
brous, 3 Hnes long-. Style about as long' as tbe periantb, tbe long'
stig'matic end scarcely disting-uisbable. Capsule obHque, above \ in.
long-. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 477.

IV. Australia, Drinnmond, n. 158, a7id 5th coll. suppl. n. 20. Tliis species ap-
proachfs tlie Xiveie in liabit but is much ruore rigid aud erect, with the thistle-like aspect
of the Ohvallatic.

31. D. cirsioides, Mcissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 476. Brancbes stout,
tomentose and viHous. Leaves crowded, 2 to 3 in. long-, deeply pin-
natifid, but not quite to tbe midrib ; tbe lobes lanceolate, \ to nearly ^
in. long", very rigid and pung-ent-pointed, tbe margins sHglitly recurved,
hoary or wbitisb underneatb. Flower-beads axinary, enclosed in nu-
merous floral leaves. Involucre ovoid, neaily 1 in. long-, villous, tbe
bracts numerous, Hnear-bmceolate or Hnear, rig-id, appressed. Perianths
(only seen very few in a witbered state) above 1 in. long-, slender,
viUous above tbe glabrous base, tbe Hmb very narrow, 3 Hnes long-.
Styles aU faUen from our specimens, the stig'matic end according' to
Meissner sb^nder.

■^V. Australia, Drwnmond, Atli coll. n. 303.

32. D. Hewardiana, Mcissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 477. Branches
tomentose or nearly glabrous. Leaves from 3 or 4 in. to nearly 1 ft.

VOL. V. 1' 1'

578 CIV. i>ROTEACE^. [JJri/a/ulra.

long-, pinuatiiid, the lobes reacbing- niore tbau balf way to tbe midrib,
obliquely bniceohite or triangular, rigid and pung-ent-pointed, often
distant, 2 to 4 lines long-^ with recurved margins, white underneath.
Flower-beads axillar}', distant or crowded, surrounded by a few long
floral leaves. Involucre campanuhite, rarely above ^ in. hDng", the
outer bracts rather broad and acute, the iuner ones narrow, all tomen-
tose or villous and some or all tapering- into fine often recurved poiuts.
Perianths nearly 1 in. long", woolly-villous above the short g-hibrous
base, the remainder densely silky-hairy except the g"labrous limb.
St^-le not much longer than the perianth, with a small slightly chwate
stig-matic encL Capsule about J in. long-, densely villous.

TV. Australia, Drunimond, Ath coll. n. 315. This and tlie followiiig species have
the involucres and flowers almost of the Concinnce.

•33. D. patens, Benth. A branching shrub, nearly allied to D.
Hovardianu, but with the fewer more spreading- lloral leaves of the
Concinnce and a diiferent involucre. Leaves 4 to 10 in. longr, deeply
pinuatifid, the lobes lanceolate or triangular, very rigid and pungent-
pointed, mostly distant, with recurved margins, white underneath.
Flower-heads axiUar}', sessile or shortly pedunculate. Involucre cam-
panulate, under \ in. long' as in D. Hetvardiana, but tomentose not
villous, the bracts broader obtuse or rarely mucronate, all appressed.
Perianth nearly 1 in. long", woolly-villous above the short g-labrous
base, then silky-hairy except the g-labrous limb. Style scarcely exceed-
ing the perianth, with a small sligiitly clavate stig-matic end. — D.
concinna, Meissn. in Ph Preiss. ii. ^OO, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 477, not
of R. Br.

^V. Australia, Drummond, 2nd coll. n. 341.

34. D. conferta, Benth. A shrub apparently low, but with the stout
erect stems of D. cirsioides and its allies. Leaves crowded, narrow, 3 to
6 in. long-, pinnatifid, the lobes rather distant, rig-id, pung-ent-pointed,
white underneath with revolute marg-ius as in D. Hcwardiana. Flower-
heads axillary, closely surrounded by long- floral leaves, Involucre
ovoid, villous and perhaps somewhat viscid, nearly f in. long-, the bracts
numerous, narrow-lanceolate or linear, obtuse or scarcely acute, closely
appressed or inflexed after flowering-. Perianths under 1 in. long-,
densely woolly-villous above the short g-hibrous base, the limb narrow,
1-i hnes long-, villous with a few long- hairs, as well as the upper part
of the tube. Style scarcely exceeding- the perianth, with a small slender
stigma<-ic eud.

W. Australia, Drummond, 3rd coU. n. 295. These specimens referred by
Meissner to D. patcns {D. concinna, Meissn., not of R. Br.), with doubt in Pl. Preiss.
ii. 266, more po.sitively in DC. Prod. xiv. 477, appear to me to dififer too much in the
involucres and perianths to be united with that species.

There are other specimens from Drummond, n. 7, with the foliage of this and (he pre-
ceding specics, witli glabruus lanceolate involucral bracts approaching those of Z». ser-
ratuloides; the flowers are however all fallen awav, and the species, if really distinct,
rannot be accurately described.

Drijandra.] CIV. PROTEACE^. 579

35. D. horrida, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 476. Branclies thick, hoary-
tomentose. Leaves crowded, narrow, 3 to 6 in. long-, pinnatifid, the
lobes distant, rigid, pung'ent-pointed, 1| to 3 hnes long-, divaricate or
incurved, the marg'ins of the lobes and of the narrow rhachis closely
revolute, the under surface hoary or white where open. Flower-heads
axiHary, closely surrounded by long- lloral leaves. Involucre narrow
ovoitl, the bracts linear or a few of the shorter ones hmceolate with
long- points, all villous with rather long" soft hairs, the inner ones 1| in.
long-, but the u})per half retlexed when the llowers are open and falhng'
away soon after. Perianths \\ in. loug-, shortly woolly-villous above
the g'labrous base, the linib narrow, 3 lines long", giabrous as well as
the upper part of the tube. Style long-er than the j)erianth, with along-
stig'matic end scarcely disting-uishable from the remainder.
TV. Australia, Drummond, n. 156, 4th coll. n. 314.

3(j. D. serratuloides, 3It'issn. in Hook. Eew Joiirn. vii. 123, and in
DC. Prod. xiv. 475. Branches hoary-tomentose. Leaves crowded, 2 to
3 in. long-, deeply pinnatifid but not quite to the midrib, the lobes
linear-lanceohxte, often falcate, rig-id and pung-ent-pointed, nearly flat,
pale or scarcely white underneath, 2 to 4 lines long-. Flower-heads
axillary, closely surrounded by floral leaves. Involucre broadly ovoid
or ahnost giobular, about | in. long-, the bracts hinceolate or the outer
ones ovate, obtuse, appressed, at first minutely ciliate, at leng-th gia-
brous and smooth. Perianths about 1 in. long-, silky-hairy except the
giabrous base, and -the hairs of the limb fewer and deciduous. Style
considerably long-er than the perianth, the stig-matic end not thicker but
darker coloured and furrowed.

"W. Australia. Moore river, Drummond, 6th coll. n. 213.

37. D. comosa, 3fcissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 4:7 S. Branches slig-htly
tomentose. Leaves 6 in. to above 1 ft. long', very narrow, rigid, flexuose,
bordered by small pung-ent-pointed distant teeth or lobes, 1 to IJ lines
long", the margins of the teeth and rhachis revolute, leaving- a narrow
white under surface or cliannel between them and the broad midrib.
Flower-heads axillary, with a few long- floral leaves round them. Invo-
lucre broadly ovoid, l^ to li- in. long-, the outer bracts ovate with short
points, the inner ones lanceolate to linear, acute or the innermost ahnost
obtuse, all giabrous or the margins minutely ciliate. Palese of the re-
ceptacle very slender but long-er than in most species. Perianth-tube
I in. long-, villous in the upper part of the undivided base, the Hmb
narrow, about 2 lines long-, silky-hairy. Style exceeding- the perianth,
the stigmatic end not thicker, but shgiitly furrowed.

TV. Australia, Drummond, Ath coll. n. 313.

Series 7. GyMNOCEPHAL^. — Flower-heads lateral, on very short
scaly peduncles without floral leaves outside the invohicre. Invokicral
bracts very numerous and narrow, a few of them leaf-hke in one
species.

p p 2

580 civ. PROTEACEiE. [Dr(jandru.

38. D. Shuttleworthiana, Meissn. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 122, and
in DC. Pmd. xiv. 474. Api)arently a low slirub, tlie leafy branclies
hoary-tomentose. Lcaves narrow, 2 to 4 in. long", divided almost to
the niidrib into numerous contig-uous obliquely-triangular lobes of 1 to 2
lines, all rather obtxise, rigid, with reeurved margins, white underneath,
Flower-heads idmost sessile on the main stem below the leaty branches
and without Horal leaves, the very short peduncle covered with small
or subulate and recurved scales. Involucre campanulate, tlie bracts
narrow, mostly linear, very numerous, the inner ones l^ in. long', re-
curved or rellexed from the middle, the lung- filiform ends usually
ciliate with long- fine hairs. Perianths 1 in. long or rather more, woolly-
villous above the giabrous base, the limb very narrow, 3 lines long",
giabrous. Style not exceeding- the perianth, the stig-matic end scarcely
cUsting-uishable from the remainder. Capsule obovate, nearly | in. long',
densely rufous-villous.

"^JV. Australia. Bctween Moore and Murchison rivers, Drummond, Qth coll. n. 208.

39. D. speciosa, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 470. Branches erect,
tomentose. Leaves very narrow-linear, mucronate-acute, quite entire,
with closely revokite margins, 3 to 6 in. h)ng-. Flower-heads very
larg-e, noddmg-, terminating- very short leafy branches but not closely
surrounded by floral leaves, the very short peduncles covered by small
scales, • Involucre very broad and above 2 in. long-, the bracts very
numerous, linear with fine points at first eleg-antly ciliate with spread-
ing- hairs whicli wear otf. Perianth 1^^ to li in. Jong- and therefore
shorter than the involucre, woolly-hirsute above the short giabrous
base, the upper half giabrous, the limb very narrow, 4 hnes long-.
Style scarcely exceeding- the perianth, the stigmatic end not distin-
guishable from the remainder.

TV. Australia, Drummond, bth coll. suppl. n. 19.

40. D. tridentata, 3Ieissn. in Hooh. Kew Jovrn. vii, 120, and in DC.
Prod. xiv. 471). Stems G in. to 1 ft. high from an underg-round creep-
ing- trunk. Leaves linear or linear-cuneate, mostly 3-toothed at the
end, tapering- into a very short petiole, 1 to 1| in. long-, ilat, promi-
nently reticuhite underneath. Flower-heads larg-e, on very short
peduncles from below the fohag-e, leafless except a few narrow scales
passing- into the outer invohicral bracts. Involucres broad, hemi-
spherical, a few of the outer bracts leaf-hke and long-er than the
flowers but mostly entire and dilated at the base, passing* into ovate-
lanceolate bracts with long' narrow points and these ag-ain into the
inner hnear-hanceolateones, the paleie witliin the flowers few and very
narrow. Perianths about 1 in. long-, loosel}^ villous, the hmb narrow
and acute. Style much longer, rarely quite straigiit, the shghtly fLu--
rowed stig-matic end scarcely distinct. Capsule above \ in. broad.

W. Australia. Near Dundagaran, Drummond, 6th coll. n. 207.

Sect. 2. Aphraomia. — Outer integ-uments of tlie 2 seeds in each
capsule not connate or readily separable from each other, either

Dnjandm.] civ. proteace^. 581

romainini>' adnnto to tlie seods lonvin^- no loose plnto botween them,
or soparatin<^' froni tlie seods antl fbrininu' two parallel plates between
tliem. Involncres larg-e, with numerons broad bracts.

As far as known tlie carpologic il ilifreroiices betvveen thc two scctinns of Driiandra
appear to be constant, but tliei^e are several species of both in which tlic seed has not
been examined, anJ the characters they furnisli are very little available for practical
purposes. The involucres, however, give to the species here iiichulpd in Aj^hragynia a
difterent aspect from all others of tlie genus. The structure of the seeds is perhaps not
so diflercnt in the two as would at first appear. In both the nucieus has a liouble inte-
gunient, whilst tlie wing is apparently forined of a prnlongation of the outer integument,
onlv witli a diUlrent venation in the iniier and outer layer (the prolongation of the inner
and oiiter faces of the .'■eed) which occasions the ready separation of the two layers
when ripe. In Eudryandra, as in Banksia, this outer integumeut, wing-like, detaches
itself from the inner faee of the seod, becomes or remains connatc with the correspond-
ing integnment of tlie other seed to tho exteiit of the nucleus, the wiiig-like prolongations
forniing the two wings or lobes to the plate thus interposed betweeii the ripe seeds, tlie
wing-like prolongation of the outer iiitegumeiit on the outer face forming the simple
■wing to the seed. In Jjjhragmia the outer integument either reniains adherent to tho
nuclens on both faces, the wing-like prolongations forming a double wing of which the
external layer is deciduons and has been called an appendicular membrane, although tbe
homologue of the wing iu Uudri/andra, or on the inner facis of the two seeds the re-
spective outer integuments separate froin the niicleus bearing with tliem their respective
wing-like prolongations and forming two plates between the seeds. The species in whicli
the latter peculiarity has been observed, D. hijjiiuiatijida, has been separated on that
account into a distinct section, Dlplopliragma, but in the few seeds that I have been
able to examine, the separatiun of tlie integument from tbe nucleus when not consoli-
dated with the corresponding integument of the other seed has not appeared to me to be
at all constant. The whole question requires further investigation on the part of those
who may have a sufficient supply of good fruits of the several species.

41. D. tenuifolia, li. Br. iu Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 215, Prod. 398. A
robust shrub, sometimes low and procumbent, sometimes erect bushy
and attaining- 3 or 4 ft., the branchos nearly g-labrous, with few narrow
scales at the base of each year's shoot. Leaves very narrow, often G to
8 in. long-, with closely revohite marg-ins, tomentose underneath, rarely
all entire, freciuently tootlied towards the end or in the upper half only,
or in the typical forms reg'ularly divided for more than half the leng-fli
or quite to the base into short recurved lobes or teeth. Flower-heads
hirg-e, lateral without any or with very few small linear lloral leavos.
Involucres at first ovoid, at longth very broad, black and g-labrous or
when young- slig-htly Avoolly, 1| to 2 in. long-; outer bracts broad,
sometimes with short subuhite points, inner ones broadly linear, obtuse.
Perianths not exceeding- tho involucro, villous above the g'labrous face,
pubescent or g-labrous towards the ond, the limb very narrow, 3 lines
long-. Style not oxceeding- the perianth, with a slig-htly furrowod but
not thickened stig-nuitic end. Capsule above | in. broad. Seeds (in
the fruit examined ])erhaps not qiiite ripe) entirely soparating- without
leaving- any intermediate plate, the wing- very thin though formed of
two separable layers. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 597, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 478 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 3513 ; B. uncata, A. Cunn. Herb.

"W. Australia. King George'8 Sound or to the eastward, R. Jirorm, Ba.vter,
Driimmoiid, '3rd coll. n. 294 ; Beaufort river, Preiss, n. 505 ; Tone river, Oldfiefd. —
In Diummond"8 ii. 294 the involucres are soine of them as large as in D. proteoides.

582 CIV. PUOTEACE^. [Drynndra.

Var. ehga7)x. Leaves as in the typical form ilivided iuto numerous small segmenls
with revolute margins white underneath ; flower-heads and flowers sniallcr, the perianths
niore villous. — D. elegans, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 473. — W. Australia, Drummond,
Ath coll. n. 317, Maxicell. In the only capsule I could examine I found only one per-
fect seed with two equal wings, each forraed of 2 plates, probablj the onter integuments
of both sceds had attained their full growth and become consolidated at the base, the
nucleus of one of them having aborted.

42. D. proteoides, Lindl. Swan liiv. App. 33. Very near D. tenui-
folia, tlie stems more scaly, the leaves long-er, broader althoug-h ahvays
under \ in. broad, more rigid, divided into triang-ular rig-id lobes con-
tig-uous or distant, very acute or even pung-ent-pointed or rarely almost
obtuse. Flower-heads larg-er than in D. tenuifolia, on short lateral
peduncles covered with imbricated scales without floral leaves. Invo-
lucre broadly ovoid, with very numerous broad l)lack g-labrous bracis,
the innermost rows very much longer than the others and often attain-
ing- 3 in. Perianths not exceeding- the involucre, g-labrous or nearly
so, the limb 4 lines long-. Style about as long- as the perianth, with a
faintly sulcate but not thickened stig-matic end. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss.
i. 598, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 478,

^V. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll., Preiss, n. 503.

Var. ferruginea. Leaf-lobes rather broader, less acute and more distant, but not
always so. — D.ferruginea, Kipp. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 123; Meissn. in DC. Prod.
xiv. 478. — W. Australia, Drummond, bth coll. n. 416.

43. D. mncinata, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 469. A dwarf shrub,
the stems scarcely any or the leafy branches scarcely above | ft. long".
Leaves 6 in. to nearly 1 ft. long-, deeply divided into numerous trian-
gular lanceolate or falcate acute lobes, the larg-est | in. long, with re-
curved margins, tomentose several-nerved and reticulate underneath.
Flower-heads nearly sessile, terminal or lateral. Involucres ovoid, 2
in. long, entirely like those of D. obtusa, as well as the flowers and
style.

■W. Australia, Drummond, Ath coll. n. 318.

44. D. obtusa, 7?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 214, Prod. 398. Stems
short and procunibent, tomentose-villous or concealed by imbricate
scales. Leaves 6 in. to 1 ft. lon •, divided to the midrib or nearly so
into numerous small triangular or oblong very obtuse segments, 1|^ to
4 lines long, thick, with revolute margins, white underneath. Flower-
heads terminal with a few floral leaves rather below theni. Involucres
ovoid, 2 in. long, the outer bracts short, ovate, passing into the long
narrow inner ones, all obtuse, at flrst loosely tomentose, but soon quite
glabrous turning black and finely striate like those of the three prc-
ceding species. Perianth nearly as long as the involucre, the tube
slightly pubescent, the limb narrow, glabrous or hairy, 3 lines long.
St3'le about as long as the perianth, the stigmatic end long narrow and
furrowed. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 471 j D. multiserialis, F. Muell.
Fragm. v. 185.

W. Australia. King George'» Sound or to tlie eastward (Lucky Bay?) B. Broum,
Ba.rUr, Dntmmoud, bth coll. n. 420; inl.nid rroiii Cape Legraml, Maxwtll.

Drtianilra? civ. photeace^e. .583

45. D. bipinnatifida, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 39. Stems very sliort or
procumbent aiui h ft. hnv^ or rather more, densely woolly-villous but
the base of each 3'ear's ^-rowth concealed by imbricate scales. Leaves
6 in. lo 1 ft. hing-, pinnate witli Hnear acute seg-mcnts, entire or again
pinnatifid as in D. PrehAii, 1 to 2 in. long- in some specimens, much
smaller in others, all with revohite marg-ins, reticuhxte and tomentose
underneatli. Flower-heads terminal but not closely surrounded by
iioral leaves. Involucre ovoid-oblong-, 2 to 2i- in. long-, the outer bracts
ovate, the inner ones narrow-lanceohite, all obtuse, inore or less woolly-
villous or at leng-th g-hibrous, but not lihick as in the preceding- species,
the paleie within the head shorter and narrow. Perianth shorter than
the involucre, about l^ in. long-, loosely villous or pubescent below the
middle, g-hibrous towards the end, the very narrow hmb | in. long-.
Style exceeding- the perianth, with a long- furrowed stig-matic end. Cap-
sule about h in. broad. — Meissn. in PL Preiss. i. 599, and in DC. Prod.
xiv. 480.

W. Australia. Swan river, Fraser, Drvmmond, \sl coll. n. 644, Preiss, n. 522.
In ihe only fruit I could examine the seed was destrovcd by insects. According to
R. Brown, the outer integunients ofthe inner faces of the two seeds are free from the
seeds and from each other (or separable), forming a doublc plate betweea the seeds.

4G. D. pteridifolia, 7?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 215, Prod. 399.
Stems very short and thick, densely tomentose and villous. Leaves
often above 1 ft. long-, pinnately divided ahnost or quite to the midrib
into numerous linear or hmceolate straig-ht or falcate seg-ments, | to 1|-
or even 2 in. long-, often distant but usually dihited at the base and
frequently coniluent, all with recurved or revolute marg-ins, more or
less tomentose underneath, 1-nerved in some leaves, 3- to o-nerved in
other leaves on the same stem. Flower-heads larg-e, terminal, closely
surrounded by long- floral leaves. Invohicre hemispherical, the bracts
densely vdlous, the outer ones ovate, the inner ones lanceohite, | to
above 1 in. long-. Perianths about l^ in. long-, silky or loosely villous
with long hairs, the limb 4 to 5 lines long-. Style about as long" as the
perianth, with a long- furrowed stig-matic end. Capsule about f in.
broad. Seeds in the two fruits examined cjuite separate without any
intervening- phate, each with a (hnible wing-, the inner one more trans-
parent with tiexuose iibres, tbe outer one (membranous appendag^e,
R. Br.) more opaque. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 480 ; Bot. Mag-. t.
3500; D. hleehnifolia, R. Br., in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 215, Prod. 399 ;
D. nervosa, R. Br., in Sweet, FL AustraL 22, Prot. Nov. 39 ; Meissn.
in PL Preiss. i. 600, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 481 ; Bot. Ma^. t. 30G3.

\IV. Australia. King George'R Sound and adjoining districts, frequent, R. Bronm,
Ba.rter, A. (Junninfjham, Driimmond, n. 131, 4th coll. n. 320, bth coll. n. 423, Frei.<<s,
n. 512, and others ; scruliby phiii-.s from Stirling to Philiips Kanges and to Capc Arid,
Maricell. The breadlh of tlie leafsegnients and the size of the flower-heads do not ap-
pear to be sufficiently constant to establish distinct varieties.

47. D. calophylla, 7i'. Br. Prnt. Nov. 40. A low shrub, the villous
stems either very short and thick or rather long-er and prostrate.

684 Civ. PROTKACEiR. [Dryandrn.

Leaves ofton nbove 1 ft. long', pinnato witli nnmeroiis ovate-lnnceolate
or triang-ular-acute rigid segments ; contiguous at the base and mostly
sejHirated l)j acute sinuses, pale, tomentose and several-nerved under-
ne;ith, the hirg^er ones 1 to 1-| in. long'. Flower-heads terminal, closely
surrounded by long- floral leaves. Invohicre broad, densely viHous, a
few of the outer brncts long- and narrow, sometimes resembling" reduced
riornl leaves, others broad and short, the inner ones linear-hmceolate.
Perianths villous, at least l^ in. long", the limb 4 to 6 hnes long-. Style
nbout as long" as the perianth, with a long- narrow furrowed stigmatic end.
Capsule of D. pterUUfolia, or rather hirger. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv.
481 ; D. Dnim.mondii, Meissn. in PL Preiss. ii. 267, and in DC. hc.

W. Australia. King George's Sonnd or neighbouring districts, Baxtcr, Drum-
mond, Indcoll. n. 299, 300, 301, Uli coU. n.3l9; Kalgcan river; Oldfield.

ADDENDUM.

Under Verbenace.ie, after tlie sj-nopsis of genera, p. 33, add —

Pentaptelion involncratum, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. linp. Nat. Mosc. 18G3, ii. 194, pro-
posed as a new genus of Verbenacese, is Leucoj^ocjon plumuliflorus, de.sciibed above,
vol. iii. p. 205.

585

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

The Synonyms and Species incidentally mentioned are printed in Italics,

Page
Manrjlesii, Grah. , 486
pulcfieUa, Br. . .484
Moei, Endl. . . . 482
tenuiflora, Lindl. . 484
trljida, Br. . , .479
triternata, Cunn, • 478

Andreusia

debitis, Vent. . . 9
fflubra, Veut. . . 4

Anisacantha . . .198
bicornis, F. Muell. . 195
bicuspis, F. Muell. 200
brevicuspis, F. Mu. 198
diacantha, Nees . 195
divarieata, Br. . . 200
divaricata, Moq. . 200
Drummoudii, Benth. 199
echinopsila, F. Mu. 201
erinacea, Moq. . . 200
glahra, F. Muell. . 200
f/racilicmpis, F.

Muell 199

hentropsidea, F.

Muell 195

lanicuspis, F. Muell. 195
muricata, Moq. . .199
quinquecuspis, F. M. 199
tricuspis, F. Muell. 200

Anisandi-a

glabra, Bartl. . , 124

Anisomeles .... 88
auslralis, Spreng. . 134
inodora, Br. . , , 89
moschata, Br, . , 89
salvifolia, Br. . . 89

Arthrocnemum

arbuscula, Moq. . 203
bidens, Nees . , , 204
halocnemoides, Nees 203
indicum, Moq. . . 205
triandrum, F. Mu. 202

Arthrotrichum

calostachyum, F. M. 236

Page

Page

Achyranthes . . . ,

246

Baueri, Moq. . .

255

urgentea, Lam. . .

246

decipiens, Benth.

251

aspera, Linn.

246

denticulata, Br. .

249

austrcdis, Br. . .

246

leptophylla, Benth.

251

canescens, Br. . .

246

longipes, Benth. . .

252

Adenanthos . . . .

350

nana, Br. . . .

250

apiculata, Br. .

356

nodiflora, Br. . .

249

upiculata, Meissn. .

364

polycephala, Benth

251

armata, Meissn.

353

sessilis, Br. .

250

barbata, F. Muell. .

354

Amarantace^ . . .

208

barbigera, Lindl.

351

Amarantus • . . .

212

crenata, Willd. .

352

Blitum, Linn. . .

213

cuneata, Labill. .

352

caudatus, Linn. . .

213

Cunninghamii. Meiss

352

enervis, F. 3Iuell. .

216

Dobsoni, F. Muell. .

353

frumentaceus, lioxb

213

Drummondii, Meiss

356

interruptus, Br,

215

filifolia, Benth. . .

355

lineatus, Br. .

215

flabellifolia, Knight

352

leptostachyus, Benth

214

flavidiflora, F. Mu. .

355

macrocarpus, Benth

216

linearis, Meissn.

354:

Mitchellii, Beiith. .

214

Meissneri, Lehm.

354

pallidiflorus, F. M.

214

obovata, iMbill. . .

352

paniculatus, Linn. .

213

jyrocumbens, Meissn.

356

rhombeus, Br. . .

215

pungens, Meissn. .

353

tenuis, Benth. .

216

sericea, Labill. . .

354

undulatus, Br. . .

215

terminalis, Br. .

355

undulatus, Lindl. .

215

velutina, Meissn.

355

viridis, Linn.

215

venosa, Meissn. .

353

Amblogyne . . . .

214

Adenostephanus

416

A mbrina

Bleasdalii, Benth. .

417

carinata, Moq. . .

163

Agastachys . . . .

379

pumilio, Moq. .

163

odorata, Br. . . .

379

Amperea

Agnostus

subnuda, Nees , .

146

sinuatus, Cunn. . .

539

Anadenia

Ajuga ....

135

anethifolia, Cunn. .

483

australis, Br. . .

136

aquifolium, Lindl. .

479

diemenica, Benth. .

136

Cahyi, Br. . . .

478

sinuata, Br. . . .

137

filifoiia, Endl. . .

481

tridentata, Benth, .

136

flixuosa, Lindl. . .

480

rirgata, Benth. . ,

136

gracilis, Lindl. . .

480

Alternanthera . . .

248

liakeoidcs, Lindl.

520

angustifolia, Br.

250

ilicifolia, Br.

438

angustifolia, Moq. .

251

integrifolia, Endl. .

485

680

INDEX OF GKNEIIA ANI) S1'ECIF.S.

Page
Atelandra

incana, Lindl, . .114
polystachya, Lindl. 114
Atherosperma . . . 284
micranthum, Tul. . 28 5
moschata, Lahill. . 284

Atriplex 165

angulata, Benth . .174

auatralasica, Moq. . 173

Billardieri, Hook. f. 180

campanulata, Bentli. 177

capensis, Moq. . .171

cinerea, Poir. . .171

crystallina, Hook. f. 180

decumbens, R. et S. . 176

denticulata, Moq. . 175

Drummondii, Moq. . 170

elachophylla, F. Mu. 176

eloeafjnoldes, Moq. . 171

exilitblia, F. Muell. 175

glomulifera, Nees. . 177

halimoides. Lindl. . 178

haliinus, Br. . . 171

haliinus, Nees 170, 171

holocarpa, F. Muell. 179

hortensis, Linn. . .1(58

humilis, F. Muell. . 174

hymenotheca, Moq. . 173

hypoleuca, Nees . .172

inerassata, F. MueU. 172

inflata, F. Muell. .179

isatidea, Moq. . . 170

leptocarpa, /'. Muell. 178

limbata, Benth. . .178

Lindlcyi, Moq. . .179

microcarpa, Brnth. . 176

Moquiniana, Webb. . 169

Muelleri, Benth. . 175

numniularia, Lindl. 170

paludosa, Br. . .169

pcdudosa, Nees . . 170

patula, Liim. . . .173

prostrata, Br. . .176

prostrata, Moq. . . 172

pumilio, Br. . . .176

reniformis, Br. . .170

reniformis, ¥.Mue\l. 169

rhagodioides, F. Mu. 172

rosct, F. Muell. . . 175

semibaccata, Br. . 175

semihaccata, Moq. . 179

spongiosa, F. Mudl. 179

stipitata, Benth. . . 168

velutinella, F.Muell. 174

vesicaria, JIcw. . , 172

Avicennia .... 69

otBcinalis, Linn. . 69

tomentosa, Jacq. . 70

Page

Babbagia 192

dipterocarpa, Moq. . 192

Banksia 541

aemula, Br. . . . 556
aquifoUum, Lindl. . 562
a.sj,knif:lia, Knight 560
asplenifolia, Salisb. 555
attenuata, Br. . .549
australis, Br. . . 553
harhigera, Meissn. . 551
Baueri, Br. . . . 552
Baxteri, Br. . . . 559
blechnifolia, F. Mu. 551
Brownii, Baxt. . . 549
Caleyi, Br. . . . 560
Candolleana, Meissn. 561
eoccinea, Br. . . . 557
colliua, Br. . . .548
compar, Br. . . .554
conchifera, Gsertn. . 556
cuneifolia, Hotfmsg. 555
Cunninghamii, Sieb. 548
cyUndrostachya,Ld\. 550
dactyloides, Gsertn. . 524
dentata, Liiin. f. . 555
dentata, Wendl. . . 556
dcnticulata, Dum.

Cours 548

depressa, Br. . .553
dilleniafoUa, Kght. 556
dryaudroides, Baxt. 549
elatior, Br. . . . 556
elegans, Meissn. . .561
ericifolia, Linn. f. . 547
fagifoUa, Hotfmsg. 556
ferrea, Vent. . . . 554
gibbosa, Sm. . . .513
glauca, Cav. . . . 555
Goodii, Br. . . .550
grandidentata,I)nm.

Cours 559

grandis, Willd. . . 552
Gunnii, Meissn. . . 553
Hookeri, Drumm. . 550
Hookeriana, Mcissn. 558
Hucgdii, Br. . .544
hypoleuca, Hotfmsg. 554
ilicifolia, Br. . . .561
insuJaris, Br. . . 553
integrifolia, Linn. f. 554
Isevigata, Meissn. . 558
latifolia, Br. . . .555
ledifoUa, Cunn. . . 548
Lemanuiana, Meissn. 560
Lindleyana, Meissn. 561
littoralis, Br. . . 547
UttoraUs, Lindl. . . 548
longifoUa, Desf. . . 544

Page
macrophylla, Link . 554
marcescens, Br. . . 560
marcescens, BonpL . 554
marginata, Cav. . .553
marginata, var.

Hort. Petrop. . 548
media, Br. . . .550
media, Hook. f. . . 556
Meissneri, Lehin. . 545
Menziesii, Br. . . 558
microstachya, Cav. . 553
mimosoides, Don . 544
mitis, Knight . . 556
nivea, Labill. . . 574
nutans, Br. . . . 545
ohlongifoUa, Cav. . 555
oblongifoUa, Lodd. . 553
occidentalis, Br. . . 546
oleifoUa, Cav. . .554
oleifoUa, Salisb. . 524
ornata, F. Muell. . 557
paludosa, Br. . . . 554
patula, Br. . . . 553
petiolaris, F. Muell. 551
pinifoUa, Meissn. . 546
pinnatisecta, F. Mu. 551
2:iolypodifoUa,Kuig\ii 551
prceinorsa, Andr. . 560
prcemorsa, Dum.

Cours 554

prionophylla, F. Mu. 548
prionotes, Lindl. . 558
prostrata, Br. . .551
pulchella, Br. . . 544
pyriformis, Gfertn. 408
quercifolia, Br. . . 552
repens, Lahill. . .551
reticulaia, Hotfm. 555
robur, Cav. . . . 555
rubra, Don. . . . 544
saKcifolia, Cav. . .555
sceptrum, Meissn. . 557
serrafoUa, Knight 556
serrata, Linn. f. . 556
serrata, Cav. . .556
serratifoUa, Salisb. 556
Solandri, Br. . . . 550
speciosa, Br. . . . 559
speciosa, Lindl. . .559
sphffivocarpa, Br. . 546
spicata, Gisrtn. . .554
spinuiosa, 6'm. . . 547
tenuifoUa, Salisb. . 514
teretifoUa, Salisb. . 507
tricuspis, Meissn. . 546
uncigcra, Knight . 556
undulata, Lindl. . 556
verticillata, Br. . .648

INDEX OF OKNRRA AND SPECIES.

587

Victorise, Meissn.

virens, Doa. •
Bellendena . . . .

luontana, Br. . .
Ber/olonia

glandulosa, Spin. .
Bleasdalea

cupanioides, F. Mu.
Blitiim

atr-iplidnum, F. Mu.

carinafum, Moq.

cristatum, F. Muell.

glandulosum, Moq.

pumilto, Moq, . .
Boerhaavia . . . .

diflfusa, Linn. . .

mutabilis, Br.

procumhens, Roxb.

pubescens, Br.

repanda, Willd. .
Brongniartia, Blume
Brunella v. Prunella ,
Buckiughamia .

celsissima, F. Muell.
Bumuja

cyanocalyx, F. Mu.

Page
559
.■.44
378
378

417

164
1G3
163
163
163
277
277
278
278
278
278
288
86
532
532

54

Callicarpa . , . . 56

adenanthera, Br. , 57

hicolor, Juss. , , . 57

cana, Linn. , . , 56

dcntata, Roth. . , 57

erioclona, Schau. , 57

lanata, Schau. . . 57

longifolia, Lam. . , 57

macrophylia, Vahl. 57

pedunculata, Br. . 57

Capraria

c.alycina, A. Gr. . 9

Cardwellia .... 538

sublimis, F. Muell. 538

Carnarvonia , . . . 409

ar.ali:efolia, F. Muell. 410

Caryodaphne

amtralis, A. Br. . 299

Browniana, Nees . 298

densijlora, Meissn. 298

Cassytha 308

americana, Nees . 311

casuarince, Nees . 310

ceratopoda, Meissn. 313

coronata, Nees.
difjitata, Nees
dispar, Schlecht
filifiraiis, Linn.
flava, Nees
glabella, Br. .
f/labella, Sieb.

309
312
310
311
310
309
311

Page
guineensis, Schura. , 311
melantha, Br. . .311
micrantha, Mei.isn. 312
microcephala, Meiss. 310
Muflleri, Meissn. . 312
multijlora, Nees , .313
nodiflora, Meissn. . 309
paniculata, Br. . ,311
phaaolasia, F. Muell. 31 C
piligera, Schlecht . 310
pomiformis, Nees . 313
pubescens, Br. . . 310
racemosa, Nees . ,312
remotiflora, F. Mu. 311
rohusta, Meissn. . ,312
rugulosa, Meissn, . 310
subcapitata, Meissn.

312, 313
tasmanica, Meissn. 310
2inibeUafa, Meissu. 312

Celosia

arborescens, Spreng. 210

Cenarrhenes .... 379
nitida, Lahill. . . 380

Chenolea 189

carnosa, Benth. . ,190
Dallachyana, i?e)?^A. 191
eurotioides, F. Mu. 191
Muelleri, Benth. . 191
sclerolsenoides, i^. il/, 192
tricornis, Ilenfh. . 191

Chenopodiace.s: . , 150

Chenopodina

australis, Moq, . . 206
maritima, Moq. . . 206

Chenopodium . . . .157
album, Linn. . . .159
ambiguum, Br. . .162
ambrosioides, Linn. . 162
atriplicinum, F. Mu. 163
auricomum, Lindl. . 159
australe, Br. . . . 206
baccatum, Labill. , 153
biforme, Nees , .160
Brownianum. B,. etS. 160
carinatum, Br. . .162
congestuw, Hook. f , . 153
cristatuni, F. Muell. 163
erosum, Br. . , ,160
furfuraceum, Moq. . 159
glandulosum,¥. Mn. 163
glaucum, Linn. . .161
lanceolafum, Br. . 160
littorale, Muq. . . 162
microphyllum, i^. iff, 161
murale, Linn. . .160
nitrariaceum, F. M. 158
pumilio, Br. . . . 163

Page
triangulare, Br. . .160
trigonon, 11. et S. .161

Chilodia

scutellarioides, Br. . 101

Chloanthes .... 44
atriplicina, F. Mu. 53
Bartlingii, Lehm. , 49
hullata, F. Muell. , 49
coccinea, Barll. . . 46
dilatata, F. Muell, , 51
glandulosa, Br. . . 45
hemigenioides, F.

Muell. .... 48
lavandulifolia, Sieb. 46
loxocarpa, F. Muell. 51
Olilfieldii, F. Muell. 52
■pauiculafa, F. Muell. 53
parviflora, Walp. . 46
stachyodes, F, Muell. 50
stoechadis, Br. 45

uncinata, Turcz. . 49
verbascina, F. Muell. 50

Cinnamomum . . . 303
Laubatii, F. MueU, . 304
Tamala, Nees . . 303

Clerodendron ... 60
attenuatum, Br. . , 64
cardiophyllum,¥.M.. 64
coriaceum, Br. , . 64
costatum, Br. . . 64
Cunninghamii, Bnth. 64
floribundum, Br. . 63
hemiderma, F. Mu. 61
inerme, Br. . . .61
lanceolatum, F. Mu. 63
Linncei, V. Muell. . 61
medium, Br. . . . 64
ovatum, Br. ... 64
tomentosum, Br. . 62
Tracyanum, F. Mu. 62

Codonocarpus , . .147
australis, Cunn. . .148
cotinifolius, F. Mu. 148
pyramidalis, F. Mu. 148

Coleus 79

afropurpureus, Bnth. 80
scutellarioides, Bnth. 79

Colobandra

canescens, Bartl, .114
lanata, Bartl. . . 114
moUis, Bartl. . . ,114
platyphyUa, Bartl. . 115
robusta, Bartl, , .114
suhviUosa, Bartl. . 115

Conchium

aciculare, Vent. . .514
ceratophyUum, Sm. 602
clavatum, Willil. . 503

588

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page
compressum, Sra. . 614
cornutum, Gasrtn. . 513
dactylvides, Vent. . 524
drupareum, Gfertn. . 531
ellipt/cum, Sni. . . 523
epif/lottis, Willd. . 509
gibbosum, Sm. . . 513
longifolium, Sm. . 507
nervosum, Sm. . , 524
oleifolium, Sm. . . 527
pubescens, Willd. .513
puf/ioniforme, Sm. . 507
I>yriforme, Willil. . 408
ruscifolium, Willd. . 512
salicifolium, Gajitn. 512
salignum, Sm. . .512
spharoideum, Sm. . 513
teretifolium, Gtcrtn. 509
irifurcafum, Sm. . 504
ConosijeriiiUuj . . . 302
acerosum, Lindl. . 306
acinacifolium, Grah. 370
affine, 11. et S. . . 372
amcenum, Meissn. . 366
brachyphyllum, Ldl. 374
bracteosum, Meissn. 375
Brownii, Meissn. . 370
canaliculatum^^MQiss. 374
capitatum, Br. . . 365
cierulescens, F. Mu. 307
cseruleum, £r. . . 368
crassinervium,3/e2ss. 375
commutafum, R. S.
Dallachyi, R Muell.
debile, Kipp. .
densiflorum, Lindl. 369
diflfusum, Benth. . 367
distichum, Br.
distichum, Meissn.
ellipticum, Sm. .
ephedroides, Kipp.
erectum, Grah. .
ericifolium, 6'?w. .
falcifolium, Knight
filifolium, Meissn.
flexuosum, Br. .
tloribundum, Benth.
glumaceum, Lindl.
Huegelii, Br. . .
imbricatum, Sieb.
incurvuni, Lindl.
lanceolatum, Br.
laniflorHm Endl.
lavandulifoli um ,01111.372,
linifilium, Cunn. . 272
longifolium, .S'/«. . 370
hipuiinum, Endl. . 368
marginatum, Meissn. 369

370
371
369

373
373
372
368
372
372
372
374
366
373
367
369
373
373
372
375

Page
Mitchellii, Meissn. . 371
nervosum, Mcissn. . 367
pateus, Schlccht. . 371
petiolare, Br. . . 365
polycephalum,il/f/s.<M. 3o8
proc(rnm, F. Aluell. 373
2)ropinquum, Br. . 372
repens, Sieb. . . .371
rcficulatum, Sm. . 360
rigidum, Knight . 373
scaposum, Benth. . 369
sclerophijllum, Lindl. 374
Smit h ii, ' Fers. . .370
sphacelatum, Llook. 371
spicatum, Br. . .372
stoechadis, Endl. . 374
taxifolium, Sm. . .372
tenuifolium, Br. . . 370
fenuifolium, Sieb. . 370
teretifolium, Br. . 365
tiiiilinervium, Br. . 375
undulatum, Lindl. . 375

Cryphia

microphylla, Br. . 107
serpyllifolia, Br. . 107

Cryptocarya . . . .294
australis, Benth. . . 299
Bidwillii, Meissn. . 297
cinnamomifolia, S/i</i. 298
Cunninghamii, Meiss. 297
glaucescens, Br. . . 297
kypjoglauca, Meis. 297, 298
hypospodia, F. Muell. 296
Mackinnoniana, F.M. 296
Meissneri, F. Muell. 298
microneura, Meissn. 297
Moretoniana, Meiss. 297
Muelleri, M.ti\ssu. . 303
Murrayi, /''. 3Iuell. 295
obovata, Br. . . . 296
obtusifolia, F. MuelL 300
patentinervis, /'. Mu. 296
rigida, Meissn. . . 296
triplinervis, Br. . . 297

Cunila
fruticosa, Willd. . 128

Cyanostegia . . . . 53
angustifolia, Turcz. 53
Bunnyana, F.Muell. 54
interiiiedia, Turcz. . 54
lanceolata, Turcz. . 54
Turczaninovii, F. M. 54

Cy; lutheca

australasica, Moq. . 146

Cylicoduphne

Bindoniana, P. Mu. 305
Fawcettiana, F. Mu. 306
Leefeana, F. Muell. 306

Pape

Daphnandra .... 285

micrautha, Benth. . 285

Darlingia 533

spectatissima, F. Mu. 533
DasymaUa

axillaris, Endl. . . 50
ferminalis, Endl. . 50
Deeringia .... 209
aXiissim^, F.Muell. . 210
baccata, Moq. . .210
eelosioides, Br. . . 209

Denisonia 54

ternifolia, F. Muell. 54

Dictyodaphne, Blume . 3u0

Dicrastyles .... 42

fulva, Drumm. . .43

ochrotricha, /•'. Mu, 42

parvifolia, F. Mucil. 43

reiicuhita, Drumm. . 43

rosmarinifoliajTuTCZ. 44

stoechas, Druinm. . 44

Didymauthus . . .193

Roei, Endl. . . .193

Didymotheca . . . 144

Drummondii, Moq. . 145

pleiococca, F. MuelL 146

thesioides, Hook.f. . 145

veroniciformis, F. M. 145

Dischisma .... 31

capitatum, Chois. . 31

Disoon

Beckeri, F. MuelL . 7
cordifolius, F. MueH. 8
floribundus, A, DC. 8
Dissocarpus

biflorus, F. Muell. . 196
Ditoca

muscosa, Banks . . 259

Doryphora .... 283

sassafras, Endl. , . 283

Duttonia

gibbifolia, F. Muell. 13

Diyandra 562

arctotidis, Br, , .574
armaia, Br. , . . 567
Baxteri, Br, . , . 573
bipinuatiiida, Br. . 583
hlcchiiifolia, Br. . 583
Browitii, Meissn. . 574
calophylhv, Br. , , 583
carduacea, Iiindl. . 569
carlinoides, Meissn. . 569
cirsioides, Meissn, , 577
comosa, Mcissn. , . 579
concinua, Br. . .571
concinna, Meissn. . 578
conferta, Benth. . . 578
cryptocephala, Meiss, 577

INDEX OF GENEUA AND SPECIES.

58'J

Piice

Page

cuntata, Br. . .

5Gt)

plantaginella, /•'. Mu

164

J)rammonclii, Meiss.

584

tiegans, Meissn. . .

582

Echinopsilon

falcata, Br. . .

507

a7macanthoitles,¥ .M

201

fuvosa, Liudl. . .

5ti8

bracliyptenis, F. Mu.

189

ferfiujinea, Kipp. .

58-2

carnosus, Moq. .

190

floribuuila, Br. .

569

eurotioides, F. Mu.

191

foliolata, Br. .

572

sc/ero/cvnoidcs, F. M

192

foliolata, Meissn. .

570

stc/iiijcrus, F. Muell.

189

formosa, Br. . . .

573

Einhothrium

Fraseii. Br. . .

568

/)U.cifo/ium, Sm. . .

464

Hewardiana, Meissn.

577

crithmifolium, Sm. .

537

horrida, Meissn. .

579

cytisoides, Cav. .

470

Kippistiana, Meissn.

570

yinianfhum, Cav. .

464

Linilhf/ana. Mtissn.

574

Iierbaeeum, Cav. .

537

longifolia, Br. . .

568

i/lafo/iam., Pcjir.

536

mucronulata, Br. .

573

lineare, Andr.

471

mu/tiseriulis, F. Mu.

582

linearifo/ium, Cav, .

471

mutica, JVIeissn. . .

572

/oncjifo/ium, Poir. .

537

nana, Meissn.

575

myricoides, Gtertn. .

537

nervosa, Br. . . .

583

rubricau/e, Giord. .

540

nivea, Br

574

scdicifo/ium, Vent. .

512

nobilis, Li.ncU. . .

572

sa/i(jnum, Andr.

512

obtusa, Br. . . .

682

sericeum, Sm.

470

patens, Bentk. . .

578

si/aifolium, Sm.

537

plumosa, Br. . . .

576

spathidatum, Cav. .

534

polycephala, Benth.

570

speciosissimum, Sm.

534

prtemorsa, Meissn. .

566

spcciosum, Salisb. .

534

Preissii, Meissn. .

575

ti'ictorium, Labill. .

538

proteoijes, Lindl. .

582

truncatum, Labill. .

535

pteridifolia, Br. . .

583

Emex

261

pulchella, Meissn. .

576

australis, Steinh.

262

quercifolia, Meissn. .

566

centropodium, Meiss.

262

runcinata, Meissn. .

582

Enchylgena . . . .

180

scleropbylla, Meissn.

576

marginata, Benlh. .

182

seneciifolia, Br. .

577

micrantha, Benth. .

181

8erra, Br. . . .

571

raicrophylla Moq. .

181

serratuloides, Meiss.

579

ixiracloxa, Br.

181

Shuttleworthiana,

jnibescens, Moq. . .

181

Meissn

580

tomentosa, Br. . .

181

speciosa, Meissn.

580

villosa, F. Muc//. .

182

squarrosa, Br. .

571

Endiandra . . . .

300

sqaarrosa, Meissn. .

570

discolor, Benth. .

301

stenoprion, Meissu. .

574

glauca, Br. . .

300

stupposa, Limll.

572

hypotephra, F. Mu.

301

tenuifolia, Br. . .

581

Muelleri, Meissn.

302

tortifolia, Kipp.

575

pubeus, Meissn. . .

302

tridentata, Meissn. .

530

Sieberi, Nces . . .

801

uncata, CUinn. .

581

virens, F. Mue/L

302

vestita, Kipp. . .

577

Ephie/is

Dysophylla . . . .

81

simp/idfolia, Seem. ,

65

crassicaulis, Benth.

81

Eremodcnc/ron

tetraphylla, Wight. .

81

Cunniiicjhamii, A. DC

. 20

verticillala, Bent/i. .

81

Eremophila . . . .

15

Dyspliania . . . .

164

adenotricha, F. Mu.

15

littoralis, Br.

164

a/bicans, F. Muell. .

27

littora/is, iloq. .

165

alteruifolia, Br. .

30

myriocephala, Uenth.

165

arborcscens, Cunn, .

20

Becheri, F. Muell. • "7

Behriana, F. MuelL 12

bignoniaiflora, F. M. 25

Bowmnutu, F. Muel/. 18

Brovvnii, F. Mue//. . 27

Ciarkii, /•'. Mue//. . 21

o-assifo/iii, F. Muell. 11

Vanninijluimii, Br. . 20

Iki/i/aiia, F. Muell. . 10

De/isseri, F. Mueil. 11

c/ensifo/iu, F. Muell. 13

denticulata, F. Mu. 29

divaricata, F. Mu. 14

Drummondii, F. Mu. 24

Duttoni, F. Mue/L 28

eriocaly.x, F. Mue/L 19

. Forrestii, F. Mae/L 18

Freelingii, F. Mue/L 25

gibbosifolia, F. Mu. 14

Goodwinii, F. Mue//. 25

graciliflora, F. Muel/. 23

Grahami, F. MuelL , 27

incana, F. Muell. , 27

latifolia, F. MueU. . 30

Latrobei, /'. Miid/. . 22

leucophylla, A?«?/i. . 18

longifolia, F. Mue/L 23

Macdonellii, /'. Mu. 22

Mackinlayi, F. Mu. 17

maculata, F. Muel/. 29

Maitlandi, F. MuelL 19

microtheca, F. Muell. 14

Mitchelli, Benth. . 21

myoporoides, F. Mu. 6

Ofdtieldii, /'. Mue/L 28

oppositifolia, Br. . 20

Paisleyi, /•'. Muett. . 20

platycalyx, F.Muell. 26

polyclada, /'. Mue/l. 24

resinosa, F. Muell. . 12

rotundifolia, /•'. Mu . 1 9

santcdina, F. Muell. 15

scoparia, F. Muell. . 11

Sturtii, Br. ... 21

subfloecosa, Bcnth. . 28

tubercu/ata, F. Mu. 22

viscida, Encl/. . . 26

Willsii, F. Mue/L . 26
Woo//siana, F. iM. 12, 14

Eriochiton

sc/ero/cenoicles, F, M. 192

Euxo/us

enervis, F. Muell. . 217

interruptus, Moq. . 215
/ineatus, Moq. . .215

rhombeus, Moq. . . 215

^ondu/cUas, Moq. . 215

viridis, Moq. . . 216

690

INDEX OF GENERA A\D SPECIES.

Page

Faradava 69

splendida, F. Muell. 69

Franklandia .... 376

fucifolia, Br. . . . 376

triaristata, Bcnth. . 377

Gmelina 64

fasciculiflora, Benth. 65
Leichhardtii, F. Mu. 66
ruacrophylla, Benth. 65

GomphreDa .... 262
affinis, F. Muell. . 254
brachystylis, F. Mu. 255
brevijlora, F. Muell. 257
Brownii, Moq. . . 255
canescens, Br. . . 253
conferta, Benth. . . 257
conica, Spreng. . . 256
diffusa, Spreng. . . 257
firma, F. Muell. . 254
flaccida, Br. . . . 254
humilis, Br. . . . 254
lanata, Br. . . . 255
leptoclada, Bcnth. . 255
Maitlandi, F. Muell. 256
parviflora, Benth. . 2.'i7
pusilla, Benth. . . 256
\.&nt\\a,, Benlh. . . 256

Goniotriche

tomentosx, Turcz. . 221

Grevillea 417

acanthifolia, Cunn. . 438
acerosa, F. Muell. . 465
acicularis, R. et S. . 469
acifolia. Spreng. . 469
aciphylla, Sieb. . . 469
acrobotrya, Meissn. . 486
acuaria, F. Muell. . 452
acuminata, Br. . . 443
acuminata, Sw. . . 443
aj;rifolia, Cunn. . . 455
alpestris, Meissn. . 441
Alphonsiana, F.Mu. 497
alpina, Lindl. . . 441
amplexans, F.Muell. 488
anethifolia, Br. . . 482
angulata, Br. . • 455
angustata, Br. . . 459
annulifera, F. Muell. 460
aquifolium, Lindl. . 437
aquifolium, Meissn. 479
atenaria, Br. . . . 442
argyrophylla, Meissn. 4^4
armigera, Meissn. . 439
asparagoides, J/c(«s»?. 439
aspera, Br. . . .450
aspera, var., Meissn. 449
asplenifolia, Knight. 435

Page
atlenuata, Cunn. . 441
australis, Br. . .472
autumnali.s, Lhotzk. 440
Banksii, Br. . . .434
Barklyana, F. Muell. 436
Baueri, Br. . . .443
Baxteri, Br. . . . 432
Behrii, Schlecht. . 438
berberifolia, Sw. . 426
biformis Meissn. . 485
bipinnatifida, Br. . 439
biternata, Meissn. . 487
Bleasdalii, F. Mu. 417
blechnifolia, Cunn. . 435
brachyantha, Lindl. 454
brachystachya, Meis. 474
brachystylis, Meissn. 450
bracteosa, Meissn. . 477
brevicuspis, Meissn. 481
brevifolia, F. Muell. 467
Brownii, Mcissn. . 449
buxifolia, Br. . . 464
Caleyi, Br. . . . 435
caliipteris, Meissn. . 459
Candolleana, Meissn. 466
canescens, Br. . .443
capillaris, Meissn. . 481
capitellata, Meissn. 470
carduifolia, Cunn. . 456
ceratophylla, Br. . 458
chrysodendron, Br. . 434
chrysophcea, F. Mu- 440
cinerea, Br. . . . 440
cinerea, Cunn. . . 443
cinerea, Lodd. . .443
cirsiifolia, Meissn. . 436
coccinea, Meissn. . 432
commutata, F. Mu. 473
concinna, Br. . . 431
confertifolia, F. Mu. 471
crithmifolia, Br. . 477
ctenophylla, Meissn. 429
Cunuinghamii, Br. . 45d
cynanchicarpa, 31eis. 453
Ballachiana, F. Mu. 441
daphnoides, Sieb. . 444
depauperata, Br. . 449
didymobotrya, Jleis. 481
diffusa, Sieb. . . . 470
dimidiata, F. Muell. 457
dimorpha, F. Muell. 469
disjuncta, F. Muell. 451
divaricata, Br. . .445
diversifolia, Meissn. 475
Drummondii, Meiss. 451
Dryandri, Br. . . 458
dubia, Br. ... 470
dumetorum, Meissn. 438

Endlicheriana, Meis.
ericifolia, Br.
erinacea, Meissn.
eriostachya, Lindl.
eryngioides, Benth.
fasciculata, Br. .
ferruginea, Grah. .
ferruginea, Sieb
filifolia, Meissn. .
flexuosa, il/eiVsn.
Flindtrsii, Cunn.
floribunda, Br. .
Gaudichaudii, Br. .
gibbosa, Br. .
ylubella, Br. .
ghibrata, Meissn.
glauca, Knight .
Goodii, Br.
grammatophylla, F.

Muell

hakeoides, Meissn. .
haplantha, F. Muell.
heliosperma, Br.
heteropjhylla, Cunn.
Hewardiana, Meiss.
HiOiana, F. Muell.
Hookeriana, Meissn.
Huegelii, Meissn.
humifusa, Cunn.
ilicifolia, Br. .
ilicifolia, Cunn.
indula, F. Muell. .
insignis, Kipp. .
integrifolia, Meissn.
intricata, Mcissn.
juncifolia, Hook.
juniperina, Br. .
lanigera, Cunn.
Latrobei, Meissn.
laurifolia, Sieb. .
lavandulacea, Schl.
leiophylla, F. Muell.
Lenianniana,Meissn.
leptobotrya, 3Ieissn.
leucadeudron, Cunn.
leucopteris, Meissn.
Lindleyana, Meiss.
linearis, Br. . .
lineata, Br. .
lobata, F. MueU. .
longifolia, Br. .
longiloba, F. Muell.
longistyla, Hook.
lorea, Br.

macrostylis, F. Mn.
Manglesii, Hortal.
manglesioides, Meis.
Martinii, F. Muell.

Page
474

444
489
433
476
449
440
442
475
480
426
440
438
463
445
486
463
446

518
476
451
457
458
432
463
432
457
43t)
437
455
437
443
485
481
447
469
444
444
436
448
471
432
480
461
460
448
471
462
438
435
461
446
496
428
486
475
482

INDEX OF UKNliHA ANU SPECIES.

591

Page

Puge

Meissncriana, F.

ramosissima, Mei.^s

478

Muell. . . .

449

raiuulosa, F. Muell

448

micrantka, Meissn.

472

refi-acta, Br. .

458

mimosoides, Br.

. 462

repens, F. Mueli.

437

I^Iiqueliana, /'. Mu.

4(37

rigens, Cunn.

459

Mitclallii, Hook.

. 434

riyidissinia, F. Mu

457

montaiia, Br.

441

ripuria, Br. . .

471

monticola, Meism.

478

riparia, Sieb.

445

mucronifolia, Cunn.

426

robusta, Cann. .

459

mucronulata, Br.

. 443

rosea, Lindl. .

448

Muelleri, Bentk.

. 479

rosmarinifolia, Cunn

445

myrtacea, Sieb. .

443

rudis, Meissn.

484

myrtiUifolia, Cuun.

444

saccata, Beatk. .

450

neglecta, Br. . .

447

scabra, Mtissn. .

466

nematophylla, F. M

482

scabrella, Aleissn.

445

nudidora, Mcissn.

430

segnientosa, F. Mu. .

461

nutans, Meissn.

445

sericea, Br. . .

470

obliqua, Br. . .

461

scricostackya, Meiss

433

obtusiflora, Br. .

442

Seyniourice, Sweet .

469

obtusifolia, Meissn.

427

Shuttleworthiana,

occidentalis, Br.

465

Meissii. .

484

oleoides, jl5'te6.

468

singuliflura, F.Muell

452

oligantha, F. Muell.

453

sparsiflora, F. Muell

428

oreophita, F. Muell.

441

sphacelata, Br. .

464

ornithopoda, Meiss.

486

sphacelata, Cuun. .

440

oxystigma, Meissn.

466

steuocarpa, F.Muell

485

paniculata, Meissn.

487

stenomera, F. Muell

430

paradox.a, F. Muell.

483

K^ternbergiana, Hort.

477

■paralkla, Knight

459

Sirangea, Btntk,

453

pai"viflora, Br. .

472

striata, Br. . . .

462

patentiluba, /♦". Mu.

429

stricta, Br. . . .

471

paucitiora, Br.

453

Stuartii, Meissn.

473

pectinata, Br. . .

429

8lurtii, Br. . . .

447

pedunculosa, F. Mu.

430

stylosa, Steud, .

441

petrophiloides, Meiss

483

sulpjkurea, Cunn.

469

phylicoidej, Br.

464

synapheae, Br. . ,

480

pinaster, Meissn.

427

tenuiflora, Mtissn, ,

483

pinifolia, Meissn.

452

tenuifolia, Br. .

473

pinnatisecta, F. Mu.

473

teretifolia, Meissn. .

476

pityopki/lla, F. Mu.

433

tetragonoloba, Meiss.

432

jilanifolia, Lodd.

470

Thelemanniana, Fnd.

431

platypoda, F. Muell.

428

thyrsuides, Meissn, .

433

plurijuga, F. Muell.

430

trachytheca, /'. Mu,

477

podali/riiefolia, Sw.

443

tridenlifera, Meissn.

488

podocarpifolia, Sw.

426

trifida, Meissn. , .

479

polybotrya, Meissn.

482

trifurcata, Sw. . .

426

polyhotrya, F. Mu.

triloba, Meissn. . .

487

459,

482

trinervis, Br. . . .

469

polystachya, Br.

459

trineura, F. Mueil. .

498

Preissii, Meissn.

431

tripartita, Meissn. .

428

pteridifolia, Knight

434

trisecta, F. Muell. .

513

pterosperma, F. M.

432

triternata, Br. . .

478

pubescens, Hook.

444

umbellulata, Meissn.

465

pulchella, Meissn. .

484

umbratica, Cunn. . .

460

pungens, Br. . .

456

variubilis, Lindl.

437

punicea, Br. . . .

468

vtlutina, Cunn. .

458

pyramidalis, Cunn.

462

venusta, Br. . . .

446

quercifolia, Br. . .

454

vestita, Meissn. . .

4^8

Victorioe, F. Muell. .
Wickhauii, Meissn. .
Wilsoui, Cutin. .
Gyrosteiuou ....
acaciwforiuis, F. JIu.
angustifolius, 6i:hmt.
attenuatus, Houk. .
brachysiigma, F. Mu.
colinifolius, l)esf. .
cyclutheca, Bentk. .
X>ungins, Lindl. .
}iyrainidalis, F. Mu,
ramulosus, Uesf.
raiiiulosus, Lehm. .
raiiiuLosus, Schlecht,

Hakea

acantkophylla, Link.
acicularis, Br. . .
aduata, Br. .
ambigua, Meissn,
amplexicaulis, Br, .
angustifolia, Hortl.
arboresceus, Br, , .
attenuata, Br.
attenuata, Meissn. ,
auriculata, Meissn, ,
Baxteri, Br. .
bifrons, Meissn. . ,
bipiunatifida, Br.
Buucheana, Kunth.
brachyptera, Meissn.
brackyrrhyncha, F.

Muell

Brownii, Mcissn.
Candolleana, Meissn.
canescens, Link.
carduifolia, Lodd.
carinata, F. Muell.
ceratophylla, Br.
chordophylla, /'. M.
cinerea, Br. .
circumalata, Meissn.
clavata, Labill. , .
commutata, F, Mu.
conchifolia, Hook. ,
corymbosa, Br. , .
costata, Meis.m. .
crassifolia, Meissn. .
crassinervia, Meissn.
cristata, Br. . ,
cucullata, Br,
Cunniughamii, Br. .
cyclocarpa, LiiuU. .
cycloptera, Br. . .
da<;tyIoides, Cuv.
decurrens, Br. .
denticulata, Br.

PaKo
468
455
447
145
149
150
148
146
149
146
149
148
147
150
146

489
. 502
514
499
523
509
524
497
528
510
510
501
516
532
505
505

515

501

504

519

495

524

501

495

519

516

503

517

522

519

526

498

520

510

521

495

498

515

524

514

609

692

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

clrupacea, R. et S. . 531
cchinnta, Mackay . 495
elli}.tica, Lr. . . .'i'23
epiglottis, Lahill. . 508
eriantha, Br. . . 502
erinacea, Mtissn. . 505
eucalyptoides, Meiss. 518
falcata, £r. . . . 524
falcata, Meissn. . 504
ferruginea, Siveet . 5'22
ferruqinea, Lodd. . 524
flabellifolia, Meksn. 501
flexilis, F. Muell. . 530
flexilis, Br. . . .514
florida, £r. . . .527
florulenta, Meissn. . 512
Francidana, F. Mu. 518
Fraseri, Br. . . . 49t)
gibbosa, Cav. . .513
Gilbcrtii, Kipp. . . 529
glabella, Br. . . .509
glahra, Schrad. . . 507
glauca, Knight . . 507
grammaiophylla,F.M. 518
keteropihylla, Hook. 528
Hookeriana, Meissn. 500
ilic-ifolia, Br. . . 528
incrassata, Br. . . 600
intermedia, Hook. . 528
intricuta, Br. . . 531
Kippistiana, Meissn. 506
laciniosa, F. Muell. 502
Lamherti, Sweet . 495
lanigera, Teu. . .513
lasiantha, Br. . .502
lasiocarpha, Br. . 528
lutifolia, Lodd. . .495
lativalvis, F. Muell. 499
laurina, Br. . . . 518
Lehmanniaua, Meiss. 529
/eucadendron, Meiss. 501
leiKOcephcda, Dietr. . 5] 5
leucoptera, Br. . .515
ligustrina, Knight . 527
linearis, Br. . . .511
lissocarpha, Br. . . 531
lissospernia, Br. . 515
longicuspis, Hook. . 515
lovgifolia, Cunn. . 496
longifolia, Dum. Co. 495
loramhifolia. il/c?s«w. 521
lorea, Br. . . .496
macrocarpa, Cunn. . 496
marginata, Br. . . 526
Meissncriana, Kipp. 529
megalosperma, il/c(AX. 503
microcarpa, Br. . .516
Milligani, Meissn. . 509

mimosoidcs, Cnnn. .
Mitchcllii, Meissn. .
mixta, Lindl.
multilineata, Meissn.
myrtoides, Meissn. .
nervosa, Kuight .
neurophylla, Meissn.
nitida, Br.
nodosa, Br. .
nodosa, Meissn. .
obliqua, Br. .
obliqua, Lndd. .
obtusa, Meissn. . .
Oldfieldii, Bcnth. .
oleifolia, Br. . . .
orthorrhyncha, F. M.
piachyphylla, Sieb. .
Panipliniana, Kipp.
pandanicarpa, Br. .
parilis, Kuight .
patula, Br.
jjectinata, Colla .
petiolaris, Meissn. .
p)etrophiloides, Hort.
pilulifera, Lindl.
pjinifolia, Salisb.
platysperma, Hoolc.
plurinervia, F. Mu.
Preissii, Meissn.
)irnpinqua, Cunn. .
pirostrata, Br.
pubcscens, Hort. Cels.
pubescens, Schrad .
pugiouiformis, Cav.
purpurea, Ilooh. .
pycnohotrys, F. Mu.
pycnoneura, Meissn.
pjyriformis, Cav.
recurva, Mcissn. .
rejianda, Br.
Roei, Bcnth. .
rostrata, F. Mucll.
ruhricuulis, CoUa. .
rugosa, Br. .
ruscifolia, Labill,
saligna, Kvight .
scoparia, Meissn.
semipilana, F. Muell,
sericea, Schrad. .
smilacifolia, Meissn.
stenocarpa, Br. .
steuocarpoides, F. M.
stenophylla, Cunn. .
stricta, ¥. Muell. .
strumosa, Meissn. ,
suaveolens, Br. .
subsulcata, Mcissn.
suhulata, Cunn. . ,

Pace
512
516
604
618
526
524
521
530
514
517
500
515
519
530
527
503
514
507
499
507
516
531
520
531
466
513
505
523
506
513
509
555
513
506
513
530
525
408
516
522
499
508
540
508
511
512
529
514
614
622
525
611
497
515
517
531
529
495

sulcata, Br. .

tenuifolia, Dm.Cours.

tephrospierma, Br. .

tricostata, Hook.

Iricruris, Liudl. .

triformis, Lindl.

trifurcata, Br. .

trinenns, Meissn.

trineura, /'. Muell. .

tuberculata, Br. . .

ulicina, Br.

undulata, Br.

varia, Br

verrucosa, F. Muell.

Victorice, Drumm, .

virgata, Br. .

vittata, Br. . . .
Halocnemuni

australusicum, Moq.

cinereum, F. Muell.
Hedycar^a . . . .

angustifolia, Cunn. .

austrulasica, A. DC.

Cunninghamii, Tul.

dentata, var., Sond.

macropjhylla, Cunn.

pseudomorus, F. Mu.

racemosa, Tul.
Helicia

australasica, F.Muell

conjunctijlora, F. Mu.

Hurlingiana, F. Mu.

ferruginea, F. Muell.

glabriflora, F. Mutll.

prsealta, F. Muell. .

Scottiana, F. Muell.

ternifolia, F. Muell.

verticillata, F.Muell.

Youngiana, F. Muell.
Hemiandra . . . .

brcvifolia, Benth. .

emarginata, Lindl. .

glabra, Benth. . .

hirsuta, Benth. .

incana, Bartl.

junipcrina, Bartl. .

leianlha, Benth. .

lincaris, Bentb. .

longifolia, Bartl.

pungens, Br. . . .

rupestris, Hueg. . .
Hemichroa . . . .

diandra, Br. .

pentandra, Br. .
Hemiclidia.

Baxtcri, Br. . . .
Hemigenia . . . .

argcntea, Bartl. . .

Paee

528
495
515
519
504
609
604
523
497
528
524
520
527
512
522
515
507

202
203
290
291
291
291
291
289
291
292
404
,405
405
533
405
405
404
409
407
407
406
108
109
109
109
109
110
109
110
109
109
109
109
211
211
211

567
110
116

INDEX OF OENERA AND SPECIES.

593

barbata, Barll. . .116
canesceiis, Bentk. . 114
cuneifolia, Bcnth. . 118
curvifolia, F. Mitell. 117
dii)lanthera, F. Mu. 119
Drummondii, Bcnth. 119
glabresceus, Benth. . 115
humilis, Benth. . . 117
iucana, Bcnth. . .113
lanata, Beuth. . .114
longifolia, Benth. . 121
macrantha, F. Mucll. 112
microphylla, Benth. 113
mollis, Benth. . . 114
obtusa, Benth. . . 115
parviflora, Bartl. . 116
pimeiifolia, F. Mu. 119
platyphylla, Benth. 115
podalyrina, F. Muell. 114
polystachya, Benth. 114
purpurea, Br.. . .118
ramosissima, Benth. 113
rigida, Benth. . . .112
scabra, Benth. . .117
sericea, Benth. . .116
Sieberi, Benth. . .118
subvillosa, Benth. . 115
teretiuscula, F. Mu. 118
westringioides,^ereiA. 117

Hemisteirus

psilotrichoides, F. M. 226

Eernandia .... 313
bivalvis, Benth. . . 314
peltata, Meissn. . . 314

Bylogyne

australis, Knight . 535
speciosa, Knight . . 534

Hymenotheca
pyramidalis, F. Mu. 148

Hyptis 80

suaveolens, Poit. . 80

Illecebrum

angustifolium,SpTeii. 251
denticulatum, Spren. 250
nanum, Spreng. . . 250

Iresine

Brownii, Moq. . .257
conica, Moq. . . . 257
Cunninghamii, Moq. 256
macrocephula, Moq. 257
tenella, Moq. . . . 256

Isopogon 336

adenanthoides, Mcis. 343
anemonifolius, Kngt. 347
anethifolius, Knight. 346

asper, Br 348

attenuatus, Br. . .340

VOL. V.

Page
axillaris, Br. . . .341
Baxteri, Br. . . .342
buxifolius, Br. . . 341
ceratophyllus, Br. . 347
cornigerus, Lindl. . 346
crithmifolius, F. Mu. 348
cuneatus, Br. . . 339
divergens, Br. . .349
Drummondii, Benth. 344
formosus, Br. . . 349
heterophyllus, Meiss, 345
latifolius, Br. . . 338
latifolius, Meissn. . 339
linearis, Meissn. . 339
lougifolius, Br. . ,344
Loudoni, Baxt. . . 339
pedunculatus, Br. . 338
petiolaris, Cunn. , 347
petrophiloides, Br. . 346
jKtrophiloidcs, Meis. 345
polycephalus, Br. . 339
protea, Meissn. . . 339
roseus, Lindl. . .343
scaber, Lindl. . . 348
scaber, Meissn. . . 343
scabriusculus, Meiss. 349
spathulatus, Br. . . 341
sphserocephalus, Ldl. 340
teretifolius, Br. . . 345
tridens, F. Muell. . 342
trilobus, Br. . . , 343
trilobus, Meissn. 342, 344
tripartitus, Br. . .344
uncinatus, B7: . . 341
villosus, Meissn. . 345

Josephia

rachidifolia, Knight 574
sessilis, Knight . .569

Kentropsis

brevicuspis, F . Muell. 1 98
diacantha, Moq. . 195
criocan^/ia, F.Muell. 195
glabra, F. Muell. . 201
lanata, Moq. . . .195

Kibara 288

laxiflora, Be7ith. . . 289
longipes, Benth. . .289
macrophylla, Benth. 288
pubescens, Benth. . 290

Klanderia

chlorantha, F. Mu. 108

Knightia

Darlingii, F. MuelL 533

Kochia 183

aphylla, Br. . , , 188
appressa, Benth. . .188

Page

brachyptera, F. Mu, 189
brevifolia, Br. . , 185
ciliata, F. Muell. . 188
eriantha, F. Muell. 186
lanosa, Lindl, . .184
lobiflora, F. Muell. . 184
oppositifolia, F, Mu, 185
planifolia, F. Muell. 187
pubescens, Moq. . .187
pyramidata, Bcnth. . 186
sedifolia, F. Muell. 187
stelligera, F. Muell. 189
thymifolia, Lindl. . 186
tomentosa, F. Muell. 187
triptera, Benth. . .185
villosa, Lindl. , .186

LABIAT.E 70

Lachnocephalus

lepidotus, Turcz. . 42
Lachnostachys ... 87
albicans, Hooh. . . 38
ferruginea, Hook. , 39
verbascifolia, F. Mu, 38
Walcottii, F, Muell. 39
Lagrezia

altissima, Moq. . .210
Lambertia . . . .413
Drummondii, Gard. 414
echinata, Br, , .416
ericifolia, Br, . .414
formosa, Sm. . . .415
ilicifolia, Hooh. . .416
inermis, Br. . . .414
multiflora, Lindl. . 415
propinqua, Br. . .416
rariflora, Meissn. . 414
ttretifolia, Gtertn. . 507
uniflora, Br. . , .413

Lantana 34

Camara, Linn, . . 34
LAURINE.E .... 293
Laurus

australis, Cunn. . . 299
Bowiei, Hook. . . 299
Cassia, Koel. . . . 304
Tamala, Ham. . . 303
Learosa, Reichenb. . 284
Leonotis

leonurus, Br. . . 73
Lestibudesia

arborescens, Br. . .210

Leucas 90

decemdentata, Sm. . 90
flaccida, Br. ... 90
Linkia

lcBvis, Cav. . . .396

Lippia 34

Q Q

594

INDEX OF OEXERA AXD SPECIES.

Page

Page

Page

geminata, Kunth

. 35

barbata, Br. ,

. 125

stenophylla, F, Mu

275

nodiflora, Rich. .

. 35

brevidens, Benth.

. 124

Mtoporine^.

. 1

Litsaea ....

. 306

capitata, Benth. .

. 122

Myoporum . . .

. 2

consimilis, Nees .

. 307

evicifolia, Benth. .

. 123

acuminatum, Br.

. 3, 4

dealbata, iVees .

307

exserta, Benfh. .

. 124

adscendens, Br. .

. 5

fo/iosa, Nees .

. 307

glabra, Benth. .

124

apiculatum, A. DC

5

pidchella, Meissn.

307

lenticularis, F. Mn

. 126

Beckeri, F. Muell.

. 7

zeylanica, Nees .

307

loganiacea, F. Muell

. 122

brevifolium, BartL

, 13

Loraatia ....

535

longiflora, F. Muell

. 121

brevipes, Benth. .

. 6

angustifolia, Schnitz

537

longifolia, Benth.

. }21

caprarioides. Benth

. 5

Fraseri, Br. . .

536

obovata, Benth. .

. 126

Cunningha.nii, Blh

4

fraxinifolia, F. Mu

536

parvifolia, Benth.

. 124

cyanantherum, Cun

4

ilicifolia, Br. .

536

pimeleoides, F. Mu

. 123

Dampieri, Cunn.

4

longifoiia, Br. .

537

purpurea, Br.

. 12«

debile, Br. . .

8

polymorpha, Br. .

538

selaginoides, Bartl.

125

deserti, Cunn. ,

5

silaifolia, Bi: . .

537

subcanescens, Benth

123

diffusum, Br.

9

tinctoria, Br. ,

537

tenuifolia, Benth.

122

dulce, Benth.

6

Lyeopus

84

virgata, Br. .

125

ellipticum, Br. .

4

australis, Br. . . .

85

Micromeria

floribundum, Cunn.

8

Lysanthe

affinis, Hook. f. .

84

glandulosum, A. DC

5

cana, Knight . .

442

australis, Benth.

83

graci/e, Baitl. .

6

cytisifolia, Knight .

470

gracilis, Benth. .

83

humile, Br.

6

linaricefolia, Knight

471

satureioides, Benth

84

insulare, Br. . .

4

podalyricefolia, Knt.

443

sessilis, Hook. f.

84

laxiflorum, Benth.

6

sericea, Knight .

470

Mniarum

montamtm, Br. .

4

speciosa, Knight . .

468

bijiorum, Forst. .

259

mucronulatum,^.i)(7. 9

stylosa, Knight . .

441

fasciculatum, Br.

260

oppositifolium, Br.

7

ptedunculatum, Lab.

259

parvifolium, Br.

6

Macadamia . . . .

406

sivgulijlorum, F. M.

259

patens, Cunn.

6

ternifolia, F. Muell.

406

Mollinedia . . . .

286

platycarpum. Br. .

7

yeri\c\\\3.i&, F.Mnell.

407

acuminata, F. Mu.

287

rugulosum, F. Muell.

6

Youngiana, F. Muell.

406

Huegeliana, Tul.

286

salsoloides, Turcz. ,

8

Maireana

loxocarya, Benth.

287

serratum, Br. , .

4

stelligera, F. Muell. .

189

macrophylla, Tul. .

289

slrictum, Cunn. . .

6

tomentosa, Moq. .

187

Wardellii, F. Muell.

287

subserratum, Nees .

5

Mallophora . . . .

41

Molloya

tenuifo/ium, Forst. .

4

corymbosa, Endl.

43

cynan chicarpa, Meis.

454

tenuifoiium, Br. . .

4

globiflora, £7idl. . .

41

Moluccella

tasmanicum, A. DC.

4

Manglesia

laevis, Linn. , .

73

tuberculatum, Br. .

5

cuneata, Endl. . .

486

M0NIMIACE.E . . .

282

viscosum, Br.

5

glahrata, Lindl.

486

Monococcus . . . .

144

Myristica

281

tridentifera, Endl. .

488

echinophorus, F. M,

144

cimicifera, Br. . .

282

vestita, Endl. . .

488

Moschosma . . . .

75

insipida, Br. . . .

281

Marrubium

australe, Benth. . .

76

MvRISTICEiE ....

281

vulgare, Linn. . .

73

poly stachyum, Benth.

75

Melissa

Muhlenbeckia .

272

Nepeta

officinalis, Linn. .

73

adpressa, Meissn.

273

cataria, Linn. . .

73

Mentha

81

axillaris. Hook. f. .

275

Nesodaphne ....

299

aquatica, Linn. . .

82

australis, Hook. f. .

274

obtusifolia, Benth. .

299

australis, Br. . . ,

83

Cunninghamii, F.M.

276

Newcastlia ....

39

diemenica, Spreng. .

83

flexuosa, Meissn.

274

cladotricha, F. Muell.

40

gracilis, Br. . . .

83

Jiorulenta, Meissn. .

276

spodiotricha, F. Mu.

40

grandiflora, Benth. .

82

gracillima, Meissn. .

274

Nyctagine^ , .

276

laxiflora, Benth. . .

82

Gunnii, Hook. f.

274

Nyssanthes ....

246

eatureioides, Br. . .

84

parvifolia, Meissn.

275

diff"usa, Br. . . .

247

serpyllifolia, Benth. .

84

polybotrya, Meissn.

275

erecta, Br. . . .

247

viridis, Linn. . . .

82

polygonoides, F M.

275

media, Br. ...

248

Microcorys . , . ,

120

rhyticarya, F. Mu.

274

INDEX OF QENERA AND SPECIES.

695

Pago

Page

Page

Obione

dillwynioides, Meiss.

388

salicina, Pers. . .

395

Billardieri, Moq. .

180

Druinmondii, Lindl.

390

Saundersiana, Kipp.

384

Ocimum

74

elliptica, Br. . .

391

scabra, Br. . . .

389

anisodoruni, F. Mu.

74

falcata, Br. . . .

385

scabrella, Meissn. .

388

caryophi/llinum, F. M

. 74

fastigiMta, Br.

393

scopuria, Meissn.

384

polystacliyum, Linn.

75

fastiyiata, Cunn .

400

serice.i, Cunn. . .

393

sanctiim, Linn. .

74

ferrusinea, 6'm. .

391

spathulata, Br. .

389

scuteUarioides, Linn.

80

Jilifolia, Dietr. .

397

spathulata, Sieb.

399

Oreodaphne

Jl .vifolia, Br.

389

striata, Br. . . .

388

Bowiei, Walp. . .

299

Jlexifolia, Lodd. .

402

striolata, Meissn.

388

Orjganum

Fraseri, Br. .

384

suffruticosa, F. Mu.

403

vulgare, Linn. . .

72

Fraseri, Meissn.

387

sulcata, Meissn. .

387

Orites

410

glauctscens, Sieb.

396

surrecta, F. Muell. .

403

acicularis, Br. . .

412

ynidioides, Sieb.

394

tenuifolia, Br. . .

403

diversifolia, Br. . .

411

{iraminea, Br . .

390

teniiifolia, Meissn. .

402

excelsa, Br. . . .

411

Gunnii, Hook. f.

399

teretifolia, Br. . .

383

lancifolia, F. Muell.

412

hakeseformis, Meiss.

383

thymifolia, Cunn. .

401

Miliigani, Meissn. .

411

hirsuta, Pers.

394

tinifolia, Cunn. .

392

revoluta, Br. . . .

412

juniperina, Lahill. .

403

tortifolia, Meissn. .

386

Orilina

lanceolata, Andr. .

395

triuervis, Meissn.

386

acicularis, Br. . .

412

latifolia, Audr. . .

396

velutina, Cunn. . .

393

Orthosiphon ....

76

laureola, Liudl. .

391

virgata, Br. . . .

402

stamineus, Benth. .

76

laurina, Pers. . .

391

Petrophila . . . .

319

Osteocarpum

ledifolia, Cunn. . .

398

acicularis, Br. . .

323

salsuc/inosum, F. M.

198

ligustrina, Knight .

396

anceps, Br.

324

linariifolia, Cunn.

402

axillaris, Meissn. .

327

Parontchiace^ . .

258

linearis, Andr. .

397

biloba, Br. . . .

324

Palmeria

291

linearis, Sieb. . .

402

biternata, Meissn. .

330

racemosa, A. DC.

292

longifolia, Br.

390

brevifolia, Lindl.

323

scaudens, F. Muell. .

291

lucida, Br. .

396

canescens, Cunn.

332

Pevtadactylon

macrostachya, Lind.

384

carduacea, Meissn. .

328

angustifolium, Gsert.

397

marginata, Br. .

392

chrysantba, Meissn.

331

Pentapteiion

media, Br.

391

circinata, Kipp. .

333

involucratum, Turcz.

584

microcarpa, Br. . .

387

colorata, Meissn.

326

Persoonia

380

microphylla, Br. .

401

conifera, Meissn.

335

400

miinosoides, Cunn. .

386

crassifolia, Br. . .

322

acenisa, Sieb. . . .

403

Mitchellii, Meissn. .

393

crispata, Br. . . .

334

acicularis, F. Muell.

388

mollis, Br. . . .

399

Cunninghamii, Meis.

325

angulata, Br. . .

402

moUis, Cunn. . .

399

divaricata, Br. .

326

angustiflora, Benth.

386

myrtilloides, Sieb. .

401

diversifolia, Br. .

329

angus'ifolia, Kuight 397

nutans, Br. . . .

401

Drummondii, Meiss.

334

apiculata, Meissn. .

402

obcordata, Cunn. .

393

dubia, Br.

343

arborea, F. Muell. .

394

oblongata, Cunn.

400

ericifolia, Br. . .

331

arida, Sieb. . . ,

394

oleifolia, Cunn. . .

401

fastigiata, Br. .

333

articulata, Br. . .

390

oxycoccoides, Sieb. .

401

fiLifolia, Br. .

323

aspera, Cuun.

394

pallida, Grah. . .

403

fucifolia, Knight .

332

atienuata. Br. .

396

pentadactylon,^ieud.

397

glanduligcra, Lindl.

327

brachystylis, F. Mu.

385

pinifolia, Br. . . .

397

grarilis. Cuun. .

325

Caleyi, Br. . . .

398

jtinifolia, Sieb. . .

397

heterophylla, Lindl.

324

Caleyi, F. Muell. .

403

planifolia, Cunn. .

400

inconspicua, Meissn.

327

chamwpeuce, Lhotk.

402

prostrata, Br.

395

intncata, Lindl.

327

cbamiEpitliys, Cunn.

394

pruinosa, Cunn.

397

juncifolia. Lindl.

323

comata, Meissn. .

385

quinquenervis, Hook

389

linearis, Br. . . .

323

confertiflora, Benth.

396

revoluta. Sieb.

338

longifolia, Br.

322

coroiiolia, Cunn.

392

rigida, Br.

399

macrostachya, Br. .

329

Cunningbamii, Br. .

400

rudis, Mei.<sn.

387

media, Br. .

322

curvifolia, Br. . .

400

rufiflora, Meissn.

389

multisecta, F. Muell.

335

daphnoidcs, Cunn. .

395

saccata, Br. . .

384

pedunculata, Br.

332

596

INDEX OF OENEKA AND SPECIES.

Paee
pliylicoides, Br. . .331
Ijluinosa, Meissn. . 330
propinqua, Br. . . 325
pulchella, Br. . . 332
rigida, Br. . . .334
Eoci, Endl. . . .321
scubriuscula, Meiss. 331
semifurcata, F. Mu. 335
seminuda, Lindl. . 333
Serruriae, Br. . .327
sessilis, Sieh. . . 332
Shuttleworthiana,

Meissn. . . .329
squamata, Br. . .325
striata, Br. . . .326
teretifolia, Br. . . 321
trifida, Br. . . . 328
trifida, Lodd. . . 344
triternata, Kipp. . 334
Philoxerus

canescens, Poii'. . . 253
conicus, Br. . . . 257
diffusus, Br. . , .257
flaccidus, Poir. . ,254
humilis, Poir. . . 255
lanatus, Poir. . . 255

Pholidia 9

adenotricha, F. Mu. 14
Behriana, F. Mtielt. 12
brevifolia, Benth. . 12
cnissifolia, F. Muell. 1 1
Dalyana, F. Muell. . 10
Delisserii, F. Muell. 11
densifolia, F. Muell. 13
(i\va,r\caXa,, F. Muell. 14
gibbifolia, F. Muell. 13
imbricata, Benth. . 13
microtheca, F. Mu. 14
jiolyclada, F. Muell. 24
resinosa, Fndl. . . 11
santalina, F. Muell. 15
scoparia, Br. . . . 10
Woollsiana, F. Mu. 12
Pholidiopsis

santalina, F. Muell. 15
Physopsis .... 40
spicata, Turcz. . . 41
Phytolacca

octandra, Linn. . .143

Phytolaccace^ . .142

Piptocalyx .... 292

Moorei, Oliv. . . 292

Pisonia 279

aculeata, Linn. . . 279
Brunouiana, Endl. . 280
fjrandis, Br. . . . 280
inermis, Forst. . . 280
liinonella, Blume . 280

Pase
Mooriana, F. Muell. 281
Sinclaini, Hook. f. . 281
villosa, Poir. . . .280

Pityrodia 46

atriplicina, F. Miiell. 52
Bartlingii, Benth. . 49
cuneata, Benth. . . 51
dilatata, F. Muell. . 51
Drummondii, Turcz. 51
exsuccosa, F. Muell. 43
hemigenioides, F. M. 48
inyriantha, F. Mu. 43
Oldfieldii, F. Muell. 52
paniculata, F. Muell. 53
racemosa, Benth. . 50
salvifolia, Br. . . 48
uncinata, Benth. . . 48
verbascina, F. Muell. 50
Plantagine^ . . . 137

Plantago 137

antarctica, Dcne. . 141
Archeri, Hook. f. .141
hellidioides, Dcne. . 140
Brownii, Rap. . .141
carnosa, Br. . . .142
consanguinea, Dcne, 140
coronopus, Linn. . 138
Cunninghaniii,T>cne. 139
Daltoni, Dcne. , .141
debilis, Br. . . .139
dehilis, Nees . . .140
Drumniondii, Dcne. 140
e.7-ilis, Dcne. . . . 140
Oaudichaudii, Barn. 140
glahrata, Hook. f. .141
Gunnii, Hook, f. . 142
hispida, Br. . . . 140
hispida, Auct. . .140
laneeolata, LAnn. . 138
leptostachys, 'B.ook. f. 141
major, Linn. . . .138
Mitchelli, Dcne. . .140
paradoxa, Hook. f. 142
runcinata, Dcne. . 140
sericophylla, Dcne. . 140
stellaris, F. Muell. . 142
struthionis, Cunn. . 140
tasmanica, Hook. f. 141

varia, Br 139

Plectranthus .... 77
ausfralis, Br. . . 78
congestus, Br. . . 78
graveolcns, Br. . . 78
longicornis, F. Mu. 77
moschatus, Br. . . 76
parvitlorus, Willd . 78
j>arviflorus, Br. . . 75
scutellarioides, Br. . 80

Page
Pogonia

dehilis, Andr. ... 9
glahra, Andr. ... 4

PoLYGONACE^ . . . 261

Polygonum .... 266
adenophorum,^l>TeTa.. 271
adpressum, Labill. . 273
adpressum, Br. , . 274
angustissimum, F.M. 275
articulatum, Br. . 270
attenuatum, Br. . 272
australe, Spreng. . 270
aviculare, Linn. . . 267
barbatum, Linn. . 270
Cunni7ighamii, Meia. 276
decipiens, Br. . .269
diclinum, F. Muell. 275
elatius, Br. . . .271
glandidosum, Br. . 2/1
gracile, Br. . . . 269
hispidum, H.B.etK. 272
hydropiper. Linn. . 269
junceum, Cunn. . . 276
lanigerura, Br. . . 271
lapathifolium, Linn. 270
minus, Hucls. . . 269
muricatum, Meissn. 268
nodosum, Pers. . . 271
orientale, Linn. . . 271
^yedunctdare, Wall. , 268
pilosum, Roxb. . .272
plebeium, Br. . .267
polybotryum, F. Mu. 275
prostratum, Br. . . 268
serrulatum, Lag. , 269
spectahile, Mart, . 272
strigosum, Br. . . 268
subsessile, Br. . . 269

Premna 58

acuminata, Br. . . 60
attenuata, Br. . . 59
cordata, Br. ... 60
Dallachyana, Benth. 59
glycycocca, F. Muell. 59
integrifolia, Linn. . 59
limbata, Benth. . . 59
meclia, Br. . . .59
obtusifolia, Br. . . 58
ovata, Br. ... 59
salvifolia, Spreng. . 48
scrratifolia, Linn. . 59
Tracyana, F. Muell. 62
Prostanthera ... 91
aspalathoides, Cunn. 107
atrip>licifolia, Cunn. 95
Baxteri, Cunn. . .102
Behriana, Schlecht. . 102
Caleyi, Benth. . .108

INDEX OF OENERA AND SPECIES.

6d7.

PaRe

Page

Page

calycina, F. Muell. .

107

Pseudopholidia

cuneata, Gaud. .

52

canaliculata, F. Mu.

102

hrcvifolia, A. DC. .

13

dilatata, F. Muell. .

51

chlorantha, F. Mu.

108

Psilotrichum

hemigenoides, F.Mu.

48

coccinea, F. Muell. .

107

capitatum, F. Muell.

209

loxocarpa, F. Muell.

51

cserulea, JBr. . .

94

helichrysoides, F.

Oldfieldii, F. Muell.

52

cotinifolia, Cunn. .

96

Muell

241

paniculata, F. Muell.

53

cryptandroides, Cun.

105

Ptilotus

241

racemosa, Turcz.

50

cuneata, Benth. .

99

arvoides, P. Muell.

240

stachyodcs, F. Muell.

50

docussata, F. Muell.

100

alopccuroideus, F. M.

224

verbascina, F. Muell.

50

denticulata, Br. .

97

arthrolasius, F. M.

240

empetrifolia, Sich. .

101

astrolasius, F. Mu.

222

Rhagodia

151

euphrasioides, Benth.

104

Beckeri, F. Muell.

229

baccata, Moq. . .

153

eurybioides, F. Mu.

105

ccExpitulosus, F. Mu.

240

Billardieri, Br. . .

152

hirtula, F. Muell. .

97

calostachyus, F. Mu.

236

Candolleana, Moq. .

153

incana, Cunn.

97

conicus, Br. .

242

chenopodioides, Moq.

152

incisa, Br. . . ,

95

corymbosus, Br.

242

congesta, Moq. .

153

incisa, Sieb. . . .

96

declinatus, Nees

230

crassifolia, Br. , .

154

lasianthos, Lahill. .

93

distans, Poir.

224

dioica, Nees. . .

154

Leichhardtii, Benth.

106

diraricatus, F. Mu.

231

Drummondii, Moq.

155

linearis, Br, . .

100

Driimmondii, F. M.

235

Gaudichaudiana,iIfo5

.154

linearis, Sieb. . .

131

erubescens, Schlecht.

231

hastata, Br. .

156

lithospermoides, F.

exaltatus, Nees . .

227

linifolia, Br. .

157

Mudl

101

florihundus, F. Mu.

234

linifolia, Nees . .

155

marifolia, Br. . .

98

fusiformis, Poir.

235

nitrariacea, F. Mu.

159

melissifolia, F. Mu.

95

gomphrenoides, F. M.

244

nutans, Br. . . .

156

microphylla, Cunn. .

106

gracilis, Poir.

235

obovata, Moq.

155

nivea, Cunn. . . .

103

grandiflorus, F. Mu.

243

parabolica, Br. . .

153

odoratissima, Benth.

104

helichrysoides , F. M.

241

parvifolia, Moq.

155

ovalifolia, Br. . .

95

helipteroides, F. M.

231

Preissii, Moq. . .

155

phylicifolia, F. Mu.

100

heniistcirus, F. Mu.

226

prostrata, Cunn.

156

pimelcoides, F. Mu.

104

holosericeus, F. Mu,

238

radiata, Nees

153

prunelloides, Br.

94

humilis, F. Muell. .

245

rcclinata, Cunn.

153

retusa, Br. . . .

96

incanus, Poir. . .

222

spinesceus, Br. ,

155

retusa, Sieb. . . .

97

lanatus, Cunn. . .

238

Rosraarinus

rhombea, Br. . .

99

latifolius, Br. . .

244

officinalis, Linn.

73

ringens, Benth. , .

106

lepidus, F. Muell. .

243

Rumex

262

rotundifolia, Br. . .

96

Lindleyi, F. Muell

221

acetosella, Linn,

265

rugosa, Cunn. . ,

98

macrocephcdus, Poir.

226

acutus, Sm. .

263

saxicola, Br. . . .

104

macrotrichus, F. M.

244

bidens, Br. . . ,

265

Sieberi, Benth. . .

96

Manglesii, F. Muell.

228

Brownii, Campd.

263

spinosa, F. Muell. .

99

Murrayi, F. Muell. .

243

Brovmii, Schlecht. .

264

striatiflora, F. Mu.

103

nohilis, F. Muell.

225

conglomeratus, Mur.

263

Sullivanice, F. Muell

104

227

228

crispus, Linn

263

thymifolia, Cunn. .

97

obovatus, F. Muell. .

221

crystallinus, Lange .

263

violacea, Br. , . .

96

pachocephalus, F. M.

226

Druminondii, Meiss.

264

Protea

parvifolius, F. Mu.

241

dumosus, Cunn. . .

264

acufera, Cav. . .

346

polystachyus, F. Mu.

225

fimbriatus, Br. . .

264

anemonifolia, Salisb.

347

pyramidatus, F. Mu.

237

halopbilus, F. MueU.

265

anethifolia, Salisb. .

346

rotundifolius, F. M.

223

MueUeri, Meissn. .

264

dichofoma, Cav. .

332

sericoslachyus, F. M.

234

oxysepalus, Meissn.

264

divarirata, Andr. .

346

spathulatus, Poir. .

237

pulcher, Linn. .

264

fucifo'ia, Salisb.

332

spicatus, F. Muell. .

243

nectarina, Wendl. .

415

villosiflurus, F. Mu.

245

Salicoruia . . . .

201

pulchella, Schrad. .

332

Pycnolachne

arbuscula, Br. .

203

tridactylites, Cav. .

347

ledifolia, Turcz.

39

australis, Soland. .

205

Proteacea . . . .

315

bidens, Bcnth. .

204

Prunella

86

Quoya

cinerea, /''. MueU. .

203

vulgaris, Linn. .

87

atriplicina, F. Muell.

53

indica, Br. . .

205

598

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

: Page
indica, Willd. . . 205
leiostachya, Benth. . 203
robusta, F. Muell. . 202
tenuis, Benth. . . 204

Salsola 206

atislralis, Br. . . 207
brachyphylla, Spren. 186
brachypteris, Moq. . 208
carinata, Spreng. . 163
Kali, Linn. . . ,207
macrophylla, Br. . 207

Salvia 85

coccinea, Linn. . . 86
plebeia, Br. ... 85
pratensis, Linn. . 86
sclarea, Linn. . . 86
verbenaca, Linn. . 86

Sarcogonum

adpressum, Gr. Don. . 273

Sarcostigma, GriflF. . 288

Sarratia 214

Sciadicarpus, Hassk. 288

Sclerantbus .... 258
biflorus, Hook. f. . 259
diander, Br. . . .260
fasciculatus, Hook. f. 260
jnn\&Tok\es, F. 3Iuell. 259
pungens, Br. . . 260

Sclerochlaiuys

brachyptera, F . Mu. 189

Sclerolfena . . . .193
bicornis, Lindl. . .195
biflora, Br. . . .196
coriacea, Moq. . ,194
diacantha, Benth. . 194
lanicuspis, F. Muell. 195
paradoxa, Br. . .196
uuiflora, Br. . . .194
uniflom, Lindl. . . 188

Scoparia

australis, Sieb. . .134

Scutellaria .... 87
humilis, Br. ... 88
inoUis, Br. ... 88

SklaginejE 31

Sentis

rhiinchocarpa, F.
Mu 14

Simsia

anethifolia, Br. . . 358
latifolin, Br. . . 358
tenuifolia, Br. . .358

Spartothaninus . , , 55
junceus, Cunn. . . 55

Stachys

arvensis, Liim. , . 73

palustris, Linn. . . 73

Stenocarpus , . . , 539

Paee

Page

acacioides, F. Muell.

540

Telanthera

concolor, F. Muell.

540

longipes, Moq. .

252

Cunninghamii, Br.

540

Telopea

533

Cunninghamii, Hook.

539

oreades, F. Muell. .

534

' Moorei, F. Muell. .

540

speciosissima, Br.

534

saliguus, Br. . . .

539

truncata, Br.

535

sinuatus, Bndl. .

539

Tersonia

149

Stenochilus

brevipes, Moq. . .
subvolubilis, Benth.

149

alhicans, Bartl. .

27

150

bignoniipflorus, Benth

. 25

Tetranthera ....

304

curvipes, Benth. . .

29

apetala, Roxb. .

305

glaber, Br. . . .

27

Bindoniana. F. Mu.

305

incanus, Lindl. . .

27

dealbata, Br.

307

longifolius, Br. . .

24

ferruginea, Br. ,

305

maculatus, Ker . .

29

Fawcettiana, F. M.

306

ochroleucus, Cunn. .

27

laurifolia, Jacq. . .

305

pubiflorus, Benth. .

24

nesogena, F. Muell.

306

racemosus, Endl.

29

reticulata, Meissn. .

306

salicinus, Benth.

24

Teucrium ....

132

serrulatus, Cunn.

30

argutum, Br.

135

suhr.anescens, Bartl.

27

corymbosum, Br.

133

viscosus, Grah. . .

27

fililobum, F. Muell.

134

Stirlingia

356

integrifoliura, F. Mu

133

abrotanoides, Meiss.

357

lanceolatum, Benth.

134

affiyds, Meissn. .

357

petrophieum, F. Mu.

134

a;iethifolia, EndL .

358

raceniosum, Br. .

132

capillifolia, Meissn.

357

sessiliflorum, Benth.

134

intricata, Meissn. .

358

trifldum, Schlecht. .

135

latifolia, Steud. . .

358

Theleophyton

paniculata, Lindl. .

358

Billarditri, Moq. .

18j

simplex, Lindl. . .

357

Threlkeldia . . . .

196

tenuifolia, Endl.

358

brevicuspis, F. Mu.

198

teretifolia, Meissn. .

357

dififusa, Br. .

197

Strangea

haloragoides, F. Mu.

198

liyiearis, Meissn.

453

salsuginosa, F. Mu,

197

Stylurus

Trichinium . . . .

217

buxifolia, Knight .

464

ffirvoides, F. Muell.

240

collina, Knight . .

464

alopecuroideiim, Lin

224

Suseda

205

alopecuroideum, Bot.

australis, Moq. . .

206

Keg. . . . .

227

maritima, Buniort. .

206

angustifolium, Moq.

226

tamariscina, LindL

181

arthrolasium, F. Mu.

239

Symphyonema .

377

astrolasium, F.Muell

222

abrotanoides, Sieb. .

378

atriplicifolium, Cun

.221

montanum, Br. , ,

377

auriculifolium, Cun

233

paludosum, Br. .

378

axillare, F. Muell.

232

Synaphea ....

359

Beckerianum, F. Mu.

228

acutiloba, Meissn.

361

brachyanthum, F.M

239

hrachystachya, Lindl

360

hrachytrichum, F. M

231

decorticans, Lindl.

362

cajspitulosum, F. M

240

dilatata, Br. .

360

calostachyum, F. M

236

Drummondii, Meiss

360

candicans, Nees .

224

favosa, Br.. . .

360

carneum, Moq. .

232

gracillima, LindL

362

carnosum, Moq. . .

190

petiolaris, Br.

361

conicum, LindL .

224

pinnata, Lindl. .

362

conicum, Spreng.

242

polymorpha, Br.

360

corymbosum, Gaud.

226

Preissii, Meissn.

. 361

corymbosum, Spreng

. 243

INDEX OF GEXERA AND SPECIES.

699

Page
Cunninghamii, Bnth. 238
declinatum, Moq. . 230
den.^mm, Cunn. . . 225
dissitiflorum, F. Mu. 223
distans, £r. . . . 223
divaricatum, Gaud. 231
Drummondii, Moq. . 235
criorrphalum, Moq. . 230
erubescens. Moq. . 230
esquainatum, Benth. 229
exaltaturo, Benth. . 227
florihundum, Moq. . 234
Fraseri, Cunn. . . 236
fusiforme, Br. . . 234
fasifo)'me, Lindl. . 226
fusiforme, Nees . . 235
Gaudichaudii, Steu. 226
giganteum, Cunn. . 224
gnaphalodes, Cunn. . 222
gomphrenoides, Moq. 229
gracile, Br. . . . 235
helichrysoides, F. M. 241
helipteroides, F. Mu. 231
holosericeum, Moq. . 237
humile, Nees . . . 245
incanum, Br. , . . 221
incanum, Moq. . . 221
lanatum, Lindl. . . 221
laxum, Benth. . . 232
leucocoma, Moq. . . 238
linifolium, Cuun. . 231
macrocephalum, Br. 225
macroce2}halum,Moq. 227
macrocephalum,Nees 228
Manslesii, Lindl. . 228
mucronatum, Nees . 237
nanum, F. Muell. . 245
Dobile, LindL . . 224
obovatum, Gaud. . 220
pachocephalum, Moq. 226
pallidum, Moq. . . 224
parviflorum, Lindl. . 222

parvifolium, F Mu. 241
polystachyum, Gaud. 225
. Preissii, Nees . . 224
pulchellum, Cunn. . 228
pyi'amidatum, 3foq. 237
Koei, F. Muell. . . 240
roseum, Moq. . . 234
rotundifolium, F. M. 223
semilanatum, Lindl. 227
sericostachyum, Nees 234
sessilifolium, Lindl. 221
sctigerum, Cunn. . 228
spathulatum, Br. . 236
spectahile, Fd. et Gn. 228
Stirlingii, Lindl. . 232
striatuni, Moq. . . 233
variahile, F. Muell. . 221
villosum, Nees . . 239
virgatum, Cunn. . 222
Tricondylus

myricwfolius, Knght. 537
silaifolius, Knight. . 537
tinctorius, Knight. . 538

Verbena 35

bonariensis, Linn. . 36

macrostachya, F. M. 36

oflScinrtlis, Linn. . 36

VERBENACE.S! .... 31

Vitex 66

acuminata, Br. . . 67

Cunninghamii, Sch. 68

Dalrympleana, F. M. 65

glabrata, Br. . . . 68
'Leichhardtii, F.M. 65, 66

lignum-vitffi, Cunn. . 67

littoralis, Cunn. . . 68

macrophylla, Br. . 65

melicopea, F. MueU. 68

ovata, Thunb. . . 67

timorensis, Walp. . 68

Tracyana, F. Muell. 62

trifolia, Linn.
Volkameria.
tomentosa, Vent.

Page

63

Walcottia
eriobotrya, F. Muell. 39

WardeUia
paniculata, F. Mu. 287

Westringia . . . .127
angustifolia, Br. . 130
brevifolia, Benth. . 128
capitata, Bartl. . .123
cephalantha, F. Mu. 127
cinerea, Br. . . .130
Dampieri, Br. . .129
eremicola, Cunn. . 130
glabra, Br. ... 131
gra.n(liMia,, F. Muell. 128
greviliina, F. Muell. 129
longifolia, Br. . . 131
longifoiia, Lindl. . 130
rigida, Br. . . .129
rosmarinacea, Andr. 128
rosmariniformis, Sm. 128
rubiEefoIia, Br. . . 131
senifolia. F.Muell. . 130
serpyllifolia, Bartl. 126
violacea, F. Muell. . 131

Wilkiea

calyptrocalyx, F. M. 289
Huegeliana, A. DC. 286
macrophylla, A. DC. 289

Xylomelum .... 407
angustifolium, Kipp. 409
o;cidenta!e, Br. . . 408
pyriforme, Knight . 408
salicinum, Cunn. . 408
Scottianum, F. Mu. 409

Zapania

nodiflora, Lam.

35

END OF VOL. V.

lomdon :

bavill, bbwabds and co., peintbbs, chandos stbkkt,

cotbnt sabden.

lifSiiffliiilliii||ii