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THE
FLORAL MAGAZINE
NEW SERIES.
ty 1 oe i ; " : 7 : =f i 7 1 7 7 1 7 4 - ‘i 7 ; A A j 7 i i ‘ , he P= be U 7 ' : 1 ! 7 \ : - ‘ ‘ cP fi & . ‘ i > ‘ : : oe: ; - si 7 : _ 5 = a4 ‘ 7 + \ fo ao = De ’ 4 > are = -_ : ss o ne ry an mo
THE
FLORAL MAGAZINE.
FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS
OF THE
CHOICEST NEW FLOWERS
FOR THE
Garden, Stove, or Conserbatory.
BY THE
REV. H. HONYWOOD DOMBRAIN, A.B.
HON. SEC. OF THE METROPOLITAN FLORAL SOCIETY.
THE DRAWINGS BY WORTHINGTON G. SMITH, F.L.S.
NEW SERIES.
LONDON : L. REEVE & CO., 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C. 1872.
EP ow wore Cc
WW WW Ww
Or
CONTENTS.
. Vriesia brachystachys. . Bicolor Pelargonium—Mareschal M’ Mahon.
3. Gladiolus—Nestor.
. Verbenas — Emma Weaver, Pink Queen, Carnation. . Begonia Intermedia. }. Antirrhinums — Delicatum and William Robinson. . Dahlia—John Standish. . Aichmea Marie Regine. 9. Primula Japonica, var. Lilacina. . Rose—Lord Eldon. . Fucshia—Splendens. . Aucuba luteocarpa.
3. Cyclamen persicum, vars. Queen of Crimsons,
Snowflake, and Purpureum. Marvel. . Masdevallia ignea.
. Azalea
). Draceena excelsa.
. Celosia Huttoni.
. Single varieties of Chinese Primrose.
. Cinerarias—John Standish and Lady Kal- morey.
. Toxicophlea spectabilis.
. Tricopilia fragrans.
. Amaryllis—Olga.
. Double varieties of Chinese Primrose.
. Dracena metallica.
. Camellia—Souvenir d’ Emile Defresne.
26. Odontoglossum Denisone. . Auricula—Alderman Wisbey. . Masdevallia Lindeni.
. Fancy Pansies—James Neilson, Lady Ross,
John B. Downie, and David Mitchell.
. Azalea—Beauty of Surrey.
. Hyacinth—Excelsior.
2. Cattleya Mendeli.
3. Lilium Californicum.
. Coleus Tryoni.
35. Lycaste Skinneri alba, and nigro-rubra.
36. Hibiscus (Rosa simensis) miniatus semiplenus. . Bedding Violas and Pansies.
. Wallflower-leaved Pyramidal Stock—Mauve
Beauty.
. Persian Ranuneulus—Columbia, Argo, and
Hilda.
. Oncidium—Creesus.
11. Double Zonal Pelargonium— Jewel.
2. Tea Kose—Cheshunt Hybrid.
3. Gladiolus—Jupiter.
. Tillandsia Lindeni vera.
5. Odontoglossum Andersonianum.
.6. Hibiscus (Rosa sinensis) albo-variegatus.
. Calceolarias—Mrs. Paul and Mrs. Forest. .8. Rose—Madame George Schwartz.
Description of Plates.
Eves Tt i \ =. — , ‘
INDEX TO PLANTS
Aichmea Marie Regine .
Amaryllis—Olga
Antirrhinums — Dslicleaw and William Robinson .
Aucuba luteocarpa.. ;
Auricula—A lderman Wishey :
Azalea—Beauty of Surrey
Azalea— Marvel
Begonia intermedia
Calceolarias—Mrs. Paul and Mrs. Forest
Camellia—Souvenir d’ Emile Defresne
Cattleya Mendeli .
Celosia Huttoni.
Cinerarias — John Standish Kilmorey .
Coleus Tryoni .
Cyclamen persicum, vars. Gace of eine
sons, Snowflake, and Purpureum
Dahlia—John Standish . Draczena excelsa Draczena_ metallica .
Fuchsia—Splendens
Gladiolus—J upiter Gladiolus—Nestor .
Hibiscus (Rosa stnensis) albo-variegatus . Hibiscus (/osa sinensis) miniatus semiplenus Hyacinth—Excelsior .
Tnlium Californicum . ; Lycaste Skinneri alba, and nigro- aba :
and Lady
FIGURED.
Masdevallia ignea . Masdevallia Lindeni .
Odontoglossum Andersonianum Odontoglossum Denisonze Oncidium—Creesus.
Pansies, Fancy—James Neilson, Lady Ross, John B. Downie, and David Mitchell .
Pelargonium, bicolor—Mareschal M’ Mahon
Pelargonium, double zonal—Jewel.
Primrose, Chinese—double varieties .
Primrose, Chinese—single varieties
Primula Japonica, var. Lilacina
Ranunculus, Persian—Columbia, Argo, and Hilda
Rose—Lord Eldon
Rose—Madame George dunes
Rose, Tea—Cheshunt Hybrid .
Stock, Wallflower-leaved Pyramidal—Mauve Beauty .
Tillandsia Lindeni vera . Toxicophlea spectabilis . Trichopilia fragrans
Verbenas — Emma Weaver, Pink Queen, Carnation . Violas and Pansies, bedi
Vriesia brachystachys
=e fer
THE FLORAL MAGAZINE.
NEW SERIES.]
JANUARY, 1872.
[No. l.
EXHIBITIONS. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, Dec. 6th.
Ove of the greatest boons conferred by this Society on horticulture has been their monthly or bi-monthly Wednesday meetings. They afford an opportunity to those interested in gardening in any of its branches, of meeting together during the dull months of the year, when much has to be talked about, although, perhaps, but little to be seen. They also permit of products being brought before the public, which would otherwise be kept either in the nursery or private garden.
The intense frost in the early part of the month prevented growers from sending in any tender plants to the monthly exhibition on the 6th of December, but there was still a sufficiently interesting collection : prizes were offered for twenty-four cut blooms of chrysan- themums and, notwithstanding the very unfavourable nature of the season, some very nice collections were exhibited, the first prize being awarded to Mr. Rowe, gardener at the Rookery, Roehampton ; the second to Mr. Douglas, gardener at Loxford Hall. Amongst the blooms exhibited were Dr. Masters, Red Dragon, John Salter, Chang, Apollo, Lady Hardinge, Mr. Brunlees, &c. Mr. Goddard, gardener to Mr. Little, Cambridge Villa, Twickenham, had the very darkest cyclamen we have yet seen, and which we hope to figure before long ; it is called Queen of Crimsons, and well deserves the name. There were some examples of a new strain of Chinese primula with white flowers, and measuring from one inch and a half to two inches across; also some nice specimens of berry-bearing hardy shrubs; and ex- amples of the Yew and Cypress type, exhibited by Messrs. Standish and Co., Ascot, who also showed a plant of asparagus decumbens, with a slender trailing habit of growth, and likely to be very valuable for cutting for bouquets, so that although the variety was small, there were many objects of interest.
GARDEN ECONOMICS.
Unper this head we purpose noticing from time to time some of those contrivances which are being con- tinually introduced, for the purpose of aiding the gardener, and more especially the amateur gardener, in his pleasant labour of love, and we may class as amongst the most useful of these—
RENDLE’S PLANT PROTECTORS, AND LOOKER’S ACME FRAME.
We class these together for, although somewhat dif- ferent in appearance, they are made upon the same principle—viz., a combination of earthenware and glass. Probably the first effort of the kind was that of the Curate’s Vinery of Mr. Rivers; this was, however, of wood and glass. Mr. Rendle’s is simply brick and glass, while Mr. Looker’s has besides a wooden moveable frame. We can testify to the great value of these in- ventions ; we have tried them as protectors for lettuces in the winter and spring, as means of forcing straw- berries, bringing them into fruit fully a fortnight before those in the open grounds, for pricking out seed- ling plants of flowers before transplanting into beds ; and inall these cases we can conscientiously recommend them. It has been objected to them that they are liable to breakage ; we have not found them so. They require a little care in putting up, but the instructions given are ample and clear, and if followed out, cannot fail to command success. In small gardens they are invaluable, being not unsightly, and easily removed from one part of the ground to the other; they are, moreover, most reasonable in price, so that no amateur need be without them.
REVIEWS.
The Orchid Growers Manual. By Benjamin 8, WittuMs, F.R.H.8. Fourth Edition, enlarged and revised, with Illustrations. 1871.
THERE is always a difficulty in combining sound
scientific knowledge with popular and readable instruc-
tion. On the one hand, the man of science is so wedded to his own way of seeing and describing the very simplest things, that his writing is likely to be so dull and uninteresting that the general public will not care to read it; while there is the danger that he who writes popularly will be so ignorant of, or so indifferent to scientific details, that it deprives his writings of any permanent value or any real authority. In the book now before us we have combined both thorough know- ledge of the subjects on which the author writes, and also a pleasant and agreeable method of communicating information. It is true that Mr. Williams disclaims any idea of dealing with orchidaceous plants from a
2 THE FLORAL MAGAZINE.
scientific point of view, but withal it is clear that it is
the work of one who could do so if needed, and who
so writes that scientific men can accept his statements.
In this edition the author has introduced some illus- trations, “and thoroughly and carefully revised the text, which has received many additions under the heads of both cultural treatment and descriptions of recently introduced orchids ;” and as Mr. Williams has long been known as one of our most successful cultivators and exhibitors of orchids, it cannot but be that all that is necessary for understanding them and their growth is here given. It is no slight thing to be able to say that his work has not only been the means of assisting amateurs in their cultivation, but also of inducing many other plant-lovers to attempt their cultivation. In fact, his work has now come to be regarded as the standard work on orchid culture.
The clear good sense with which Mr. Williams writes is manifest all through his work. Take, for example, where he speaks about imitating the natural condition in which orchids are found growing, but which, he says, may after all be fallacious; for if we are to imitate nature, it must be where nature is in her best garb, while many of those who see orchids growing in their natural habitats see them as we may see many of our native plants growing in unsuitable localities, and consequently stunted and ill-favoured; while it can be hardly questioned that in our own orchid houses may be seen finer specimens than travellers have ever met with in their native habitats. But it is needless to dwell further on the merits of the book. AJ] who care to grow orchids or to understand their culture will do well to possess themselves of a book which so thoroughly meets their wants.
Domestic Botany. An Exposition of the Structure and Classification of Plants, and of their Uses for Food, Clothing, Medicine, and Manufacturing Purposes. By Joun Smiru, A.L.S., Ex-Curator of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Reeve and Co.
A Book for those who wish to know whence comes the
food they eat, the medicine they take, the cloth they
wear, the stuffs that dye them, and numbers of sub- stances used in arts and manufactures. The intro- ductory portion of the book is a little old-fashioned, as might be expected from one who acquired his botanical knowledge from the past generation rather than the present, but the second and principal portion is brim full of just such information as inquiring persons desire to find but do not know where to look for. Not only does it tell us the vegetable substances used in civilized countries, but informs us also what constitute the food, medicine, clothing, &c. of the native inhabitants of the countries where they grow. The work is illustrated
with sixteen coloured plates from the pencil of Mr. Fitch, which exhibit many of the most remarkable forms of vegetable growth in foreign lands.
The Young Collector’s Handy Book of Botany. By the
Rev. H. P. Dunster, M.A. Reeve and Co. As its name implies, a “ handy book,” and a very pretty and useful one too, for those bringing home their first gathering of Wild Flowers, Grasses, Ferns, Mosses, Funguses or Seaweeds, giving them just such informa- tion as they at once need in examining, drying, arranging and preserving their specimens, with a peep into the Science of Botany, which will not make them shut up the book as dry, but rather create an appetite for more. There is a chapter on preparing skeleton leaves, and at the end some excellent woodcuts with dissections of the plants to assist the Young Collector in naming his specimens.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
Spring Catalogue of Vegetable, Agricultural, and Flower Seeds, Garden Requisites, &c. Dick Radclyffe and Co., F.R.H.S., 129, High Holborn, W.C.; Seed Grounds, Erfurt, Prussia—An excellent and well-arranged cata- logue, with a full account and illustrations of the various horticultural contrivances introduced of late years, amongst which we notice Dr. Graf’s indelible ink for all kinds of labels.
Tree and Shrub List. Richard Smith, Nurseryman, Seedsman and Florist, Worcester.—A name too well known to need any recommendation. Suffice it to say, the list is ample, the price moderate, and, as we can testify from personal knowledge, the stock of the very best description.
Descriptive Catalogue of Flower, Vegetable, and Agri- cultural Seeds, 1872. B.S. Williams, Victoria and Para- dise Nursery, Upper Holloway, London.—A very full and complete list, containing some new and choice seeds, amongst which is especially to be noted the new Pea, Emperor of the Moroccos.
Sutton’s Amateur Guide and Spring Catalogue for 1872. Sutton and Sons, Reading.—Prepared with the usual taste displayed by this well-known firm, it contains, as usual, a number of novelties both in vege- table and flower seeds.
James Veitch and Son’s Catalogue of Garden and Flower Seeds, Royal Exotic Nursery, King’s Road, Chelsea, S.W.—Contains, as might be expected, an . interesting and complete account of vegetable and flower seeds. Amongst the novelties in the latter de- partment are Amaranthus salicifolius and Primula verti-
cellata ; var. Sinensis. ps]
Puate 1. VRIESIA BRACHYSTACHYS.
Considerable attention has been given of late years to the family (Bromelacee) to which the plant now figured belongs, and amongst the lamentable results of the civil war in Paris we have to deplore the loss of the very complete collection preserved in the gardens of the Luxembourg, under the care of the able and intelligent Curator, M. Auguste Riviere, and which perished, as so many collections did, when, for want of fuel, all such luxuries had to be given up.
The Vriesia are epiphytal plants, and are sent home on pieces of wood; it therefore becomes necessary to consult, as far as possible, their natural condition, giving them but little soil, so that, we are informed by Messrs. Veitch, they grow them in as small pots as they possibly can, or rather in very shallow pans or baskets, using a very little soil, or moss mingled with broken pots; being stove plants, they require a high temperature.
Vriesta brachystachys is a neat growing plant, bearing some analogy in appearance to the pineapple, to which the family is allied. The colour of the foliage is a paie yellowish green, the scape is produced on a long stalk marked with crimson, and is flat, the base of the individual flowers and the bracts being of the same colour, the remaining portion orange witha black tip. It was exhibited by Messrs. Veitch and Son, of Chelsea (to whom we are indebted for the opportunity of figuring it), at the Royal Horticultural Society, and obtained a first-class certificate.
PLATE 2, BICOLOR PELARGONIUM—MARESCHAL M‘MAHON.
There are distinct types in the very striking and effective class of Bicolor Pelargonium : one in which the yellow margin most largely predominates, and the zone occupies comparatively a small portion of the leaf; and another in which the margin is smaller and the zone not only larger but of a more deep and intense colour. f the former class we may instance such flowers as Impératrice Eugenie and Reine Victoria; and of the latter, Harl Rosslyn and Black Douglas. It is to the latter class that the very fine variety we now figure belongs, and we may without hesitation say, it is the finest that has as yet been produced.
Messrs. Downie, Laird, and Laing have long been noted for the position they have taken in reference to these flowers, and to them we are indebted for the opportunity of figuring this fine plant. Being one of their newest seedlings, it has been largely exhibited during the past season, and has been awarded certificates both at the Royal Horti- cultural Society’s Exhibition, South Kensington, and at the Metropolitan Floral Society’s Show, at the Crystal Palace. The leaf is, as will be seen from the figure, very circular, with but slight indentations, while the zone is very broad and of a deep ruddy brown ; the habit of the plant is excellent and the foliage ample.
We are informed by Mr. Laing that there is a very great demand for the seed of this section of pelargonium for the Continent, where they seem to be greatly valued for decorative purposes.
Puate 3.
GLADIOLUS NESTOR.
The French are not such admirers of yellow flowers as we are, nor do they quite under- stand our admiration of Marshal Niel rose, or the yellow tea roses in general, however willing they may be to minister to our tastes in this respect. It is we suppose for this reason that Nestor, one of the new gladioli of last year, is placed in the third series of seedlings by M. Souchet, although the general verdict in this country will be that it is deserving of a much higher place.
The yellow flowers amongst Gladioli are few, and, as often happens with flowers of that colour, the bulbs are delicate. We have had Canari, Ophir, and Eldorado for some years, Solfaterre, a somewhat newer kind, is exceedingly delicate, and the varieties named are seldom seen in an exhibition stand; we have, however, good hope that Nestor will, both from the larger size of the flowers and from its better constitution, take a prominent place as a show flower. Flowers of this character are much needed in order to add still further variation to the many beautiful colours which we now have.
Nestor is a flower of large size, of a beautiful clear yellow, the spike long and ample, (the lower divisions of the flower of a deeper yellow,) striped with red. We have bloomed it in our own garden, and it was exhibited both by Mr. Douglas, gardener to F. Whitbourne, Esq., Loxford Hall, Ilford, and by ourselves in the winning stands at the Metropolitan Floral Society's Show at the Crystal Palace, in August last, and was very much admired. ©
PLATE 4,
VERBENAS—EMMA WEAVER, PINK QUEEN, CARNATION.
Although the taste for Verbenas has somewhat declined, and it has even fallen into disfavour with those who carry out the bedding-out system fully (a mistake, as we imagine, for a bed of mixed Verbenas is always a telling sight), yet that improvement is still taking place amongst them is evidenced from the fact that during the past season six have gained first-class certificates, the raisers being Mr. Eckford and Mr. C. J. Perry—the latter well known as our most successful exhibitor: the flowers of the former being more adapted, as a general rule, for outdoor gardening; those of the latter for growing in the greenhouse and for exhibition purposes, although some of them have proved valuable for the garden as well ; but as a general rule, their delicate hues of colour can best be seen when grown under glass.
The flowers now figured have been exhibited by Mr. Perry during the past season, and will, with some others of the same raiser, be let out in the present spring by Mr. Charles Turner, of the Royal Nursery, Slough. They are :—nma Weaver (fig. 1), a handsome flower, blush white in colour, with a large bright violet-crimson centre ; the plant is robust ; this has obtained a first-class certificate. Pink Queen (fig. 2) is a large flower of a delicate soft pink colour, with large white eye. Carnation (fig. 3) has a white ground, distinctly striped with a purplish crimson, very bright and striking; ‘it is an improvement on the class of striped and spotted flowers which were first received from Italy, and examples of which have been figured in the former series of the Floral Magazine. We believe that these flowers will uphold the high position which Mr. Perry has attained as a raiser.
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THE
FLORAL MAGAZINE.
NEW SERIES.]
FEBRUARY, 1872.
[No. 2.
EXHIBITIONS.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, SOUTH KENSINGTON, Jan. 17th.
A.tuouGu the prizes offered on this occasion were only for ivies and hardy conifers, yet a considerable number of other plants, both pretty in appearance and excellent in quality, were set up, making the council-room quite gay in the dead season of the year. Collections of cyclamens, than which nothing can be gayer and prettier at this season; of forced flowers and orchids; and of tricolor pelargoniums, all united to make avery beautiful display. Amongst the most noticeable things were some very fine orchids from Lord Londesborough, Grimston Park, Tadcaster. There were amongst them :—Phalenopsis Porteana, a lovely white flower with a rosy purple lip tinged with orange at the base and dotted with crimson ; Odontoglossum Denison (which we hope to figure), named after Lady Londesborough, evidently a variety of O. Alexandre, large flowered and exhibiting a tendency to semiduplication, the long spike with eighteen flowers on it was very lovely; and Sophronitis grandiflora with large flowers. From the Messrs. Veitch came as usual a very beautiful collection, comprising a large number of Lycaste Skinneri and other orchids, also a Charles X. lilac, Hippeastrum pardinum, and Lily of the Valley in bloom. Mr. Standish of Ascot sent a very beautiful collection of forced flowers in bloom ; conspicuous amongst them were some very admirable examples of Bouvardia jasminoides. Mr. Turner of Slough had some baskets of excellently grown and well-coloured Tricolor pelargoniums, amongst which Mrs. Headly stood prominent. Mr. Bull of Chelsea sent some good plants, including Macrozamia coral- lipes and plumosa, Crinum amabile (very showy), and Cypripedium pardinum. From Mr. Williams came a number of his fine Aucuba luteocarpa, affording a pleasing contrast to the red-berried varieties, some magnificent specimens of which were shown by Mr. Turner of Slough; Cattleya Walkeriana in fine bloom and colour; and from Messrs. Backhouse of York came a fine plant of Lelia autumnalis grandiflora in fine flower. Nor must we omit one or two objects which were well deserving of attention—the Carter Challenge Prize Cup, value fifty guineas, offered by Messrs. Carter & Co., Holborn, for collections of vegetables at the Society’s provincial exhibitions ; and the Victoria
Electric Thermometer, for indicating changes in the temperature of houses; this was the invention of Mr. Rothnie, and brought into notice by Mr. Williams of Holloway. We know of something of the kind in use at Mr. Thompson’s, of Petham in Kent, but whether identical with this we are not aware.
GARDEN ECONOMICS. ITALY IN ENGLAND.
Unprr this somewhat sonorous title Mr. J. W. Looker, the inventor of the Acmé Frame, has brought out a little brochure in which he gives instruction as to the best method of using these structures, as well as the propagating boxes which so many have found useful. In enumerating the uses to which the plant covers may be put, he mentions the sheltering of lettuces and endives that are fit for use, as well as young plants of the same; for sheltering parsley (which in the winter months is very necessary) ; for accelerating the growth of mint, tarragon, and other herbs. Their greatest value in the kitchen garden, he says, wiil be found in the assistance they will afford to young plants of lettuce, cauliflower, celery, and other vegetables raised in the propagating boxes and pricked out. In the flower-garden, seeds of asters, of ten-week stocks, mari- golds, &c., may be brought forward better in them than in heat. But the Acmé Frame and ground vinery is the invention on which he lays, and we think rightly, the most stress. It has, he says, two great advantages, its cheapness and its portability. Amongst its perma- nent uses he classes the cultivation of grapes, cherries, plums, and other fruits, and of asparagus amongst vegetables: and amongst its temporary uses the pro- duction of endive, small celery, early radishes, and carrots, the earliest crops of peas, and dwarf French beans. Ample directions are given for the fixing of these useful inventions, and also for the cultivation of the various kinds of fruit, flowers, and vegetables for which they are adapted. There is also a monthly calendar which will be found very useful, and altogether the little book is very complete.
4 THE FLORAL MAGAZINE.
CHAPMAN’S PATENT CUT FLOWER AND EXHIBITION CASES.
Exuisitioys are now so frequent, and so many persons are interested in them, that we do not hesitate to rank among the necessities of the horticulturist these ad- mirable contrivances of Mr. Chapman. Having been amongst the first to recognise their value, we have been pleased to mark the steady way in which they have progressed in the favour of exhibitors; and every show at which we have been present during the past season has given evidence of the widespread character of their success. They enable the exhibitor to place his flowers ready for the exhibition table in his own room at home—they make him indifferent to the carelessness of railway porters or the jolting of cabs—they keep his flowers steady and fixed in their places, and enable him, when he arrives at the show, to simply draw out the tray and place his stand. We have thus taken up ur gladioli, we have seen stands of verbenas, always a difficult flower to carry, put on the exhibition table, looking as fresh as when they were cut; while dahlias, asters, and other flowers are carried with the greatest ease. They are also admirable for sending bouquets, and are also adapted for carry- | ing game and fruit, and are ‘jp largely used for this purpose. Mr. Chapman has recently pa- tented a plant protector, which we have in use in our own gar- den, and which we hope to re- port upon by-and-by. It is very ‘tT? simple, and seems as if it could be adapted for the purpose, and a number of them may be easily packed in a small space when not in use, an advantage they possess over the cloche and the ordi- nary hand-glass.
N&1I2 THE MALTON
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
Gardener’s and Farmer’s Vade Mecum. Carter, Dunneit, and Beale, High Holborn.—As might be ex- pected from a firm of so much eminence as this, and commanding so much the confidence of the horticul- tural world, this catalogue is abundantly rich in mate- rial; the illustrations. have reached an extent (upwards of 200) which we have not seen equalled by any cata- logue, English or foreign. They are very carefully exe- cuted, as the accompanying
example shows, so that buyers can form an idea of what they are purchasing, not merely from description, but from, which is far better than description, a cor- rect figure. The vegetable seed portion is also largely illustrated, and contains a great many novelties.
Hooper and Co.’s Gardening Guide and General Catalogue.—Another admirably compiled and profusely illustrated Catalogue of Vegetables, Flowers, Plants, and Gardening requisites. Among the illustrations of flowers and plants we recognise several which have recently appeared in our own pages, besides a great number which do not fall within our province. The cuts are mostly well executed, and perhaps as well printed as the circumstances of a catalogue permit, though in this respect they do not do full justice to the artist. They convey as good an idea of the character of the plants as uncoloured figures can do. The most successful are those figuring palms, draceenas, and other plants valued for the gracefulness of their foliage ; those of flowers, where colour is so essential a character, necessarily fail to give us all we desire.
Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Francis and Arthur Dickson and Sons, Chester—A carefully arranged and extensive catalogue, containing all the novelties of other growers besides several of their own.
Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Messrs. Rollison and Co., Tooting.—An excellent catalogue, and especially rich in the seeds of subtropical plants, for which this old-established firm is famous.
Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Barr and Sugden, Metropolitan Seed Warehouse.— Very full and complete; the List of Gladioli is very ample, and the different varieties are arranged under the various colours, thus giving at a glance all the sorts, new and old, and enabling purchasers to select at their option.
Wheeler and Son’s Little Book of Select Seeds.— One of the neatest, most select, and carefully arranged catalogues published.
Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seeds. William Cutbush and Son, -Highgate.—A carefully prepared list, containing notices of Cullingford’s Magnum Bonum Peas, and Pottle’s Prince Teck Potato.
Co Correspondents.
T. S.—It would be impossible to figure fruits in our Magazine, nor do we think there is an opening for an illustrated magazine especially devoted to them.
G. T.—We know of no remedy for the Gladiolus disease ; it has been very bad in some places this past year, and Messrs. Souchet’s stock has been affected by it to a certain extent.
F. J.—It is not too late to plant shrubs ; some prefer this time of the year to an earlier one.
FLorist.—Yes; we hope to figure some of the new auriculas. We hear that there are some fine things amongst Mrs. Headly’s seedlings, now in Mr. Turner’s possession at Slough.
Puate 5,
BEGONIA INTERMEDIA.
In the former series of the Moral Magazine we were enabled to figure, not only the fine species of Begonia discovered by Mr. Pearce—viz., Begonia Bolivensis and B. Veitchii—but also hybrids from them (for it was at once seen how admirably they could be adapted for this purpose); but we question very much whether any of them, either species or garden varieties, can vie with that which we now present.
We are informed by Messrs. Veitch and Son, in whose establishment this fine variety has been raised, that it is a cross between Begonia Bolivensis and B. Veitchii ; the flowers are of the same colour as the latter, and of intermediate form. The habit is somewhat in the way of Begonia Bolivensis, but still retaining a great deal of Vettchit. It is very robust, sturdy, and free growing, and flowers very freely indeed; as it has so much of the Veztchii blood in it, it may be reckoned amongst the free-flowering greenhouse Begonias. With regard to culture, there is very little difficulty ; it requires to be grown in a light rich soil, and to be carefully supplhed with water; when started, it may afterwards be more freely supplied. As the shoots lengthen they should be neatly tied to small stakes, for, being succulent, they are apt to be broken off. ew greenhouse plants are more effective than a well-grown speci- men of any of these greenhouse Begonias, and we can well imagine that a plant of this fine variety will make a more brilliant display than either of those from which it has originated.
PLATE 6. ANTIRRHINUMS—DELICATUM AND WILLIAM ROBINSON.
Amongst the flowers which have of late years experienced the skill of the hybridizer is the old-fashioned Snap-dragon or rabbit-mouth of our childhood; and many and great are the changes that have been thereby produced. Its peculiar form admits of no modification, unlike in this respect the pansy, the dahlia, or the pink; but its size has been materially increased, and the variations in colour multiplied.
As an herbaceous plant the Antirrhinum is one of the easiest grown of our garden favourites, and for the continuity of its bloom deserves a place more than many which are more sought after; it seeds most freely; those who have a good collection can by saving seed, and sowing it in pans in the spring, obtain an abundant supply of plants, which will flower finely in the summer and autumn. It is a very useful flower for cutting for bouquets.
The flowers in our plate were raised by Messrs. Downie, Laird, and Laing, of Stanstead Park, Forest Hiil, to whom we are indebted for the opportunity of figuring them. Delicatum ’ (fig. 1) has the ground colour pure white, sparingly striped with bright crimson and minutely spotted all over with crimson spots; the lip is light yellow, and the spike is very densely arranged. William Robinson (fig. 2) is in colour a rich deep crimson, top of the lip lined with orange. These varieties are fair examples of the very great improvement which has taken place in this old-fashioned flower, under the careful culture of those who, like Messrs. Downie and Co., have taken pains to follow out step by step the results obtained.
PLATE 7. DAHLIA—JOHN STANDISH.
Those who have seen the wonderfully symmetrical blooms of Dahlias arranged at some of our great shows, and the varieties of colour they exhibit, would imagine that it is impossible to add anything to them either in form or colour, and that new varieties could. only be a repetition of those that were already in existence, but it is not so; and every year adds to our lists some which in a little while take the place of others in the same style, from some superiority of character which they exhibit.
No Dahlia that has been brought out of late years has attracted so much attention as that which we now figure. We have seen it exhibited in many places during the past season, and wherever it has been seen, we have remarked the admiration also which it has excited, even amongst those who have been Dahlia growers for years.
John Standish was raised and exhibited by Mr. Charles Turner, of the Royal Nursery, Slough, and has received first-class certificates at the Royal Horticultural Society, and the Metropolitan Floral Society’s Show at the Crystal Palace. It is a flower of remarkable symmetry of build, high up in the centre, the colour a deep rich scarlet crimson, and of extra size. One remarkable feature about it is its constancy, the plant nearly always producing perfect flowers; and when exhibited, stands of a dozen flowers put up at a time were all equally good, an unusual circumstance with Dahhas. It will be sent out this spring by Mr. Charles Turner, with other varieties, and will no doubt be largely exhibited during the coming season.
PLATE 8. AICHMEA MARIA REGINA.
Amongst the many beautiful stove plants which have been introduced during the past season, that which we now figure lays claim to being one of the most remarkable ; and this in a year in which new stove plants have certainly been more numerous than during many past seasons.
The Aichmeas being Bromeliads, like most of that family, from the character of their foliage and from the fact that most of their beauty depends on the colouring of their bracts, they maintain their brilliancy for a very long period, often remaining some months in -per- fection, a fact which of course adds greatly to their value.
Aichmea Maria Regine was introduced by Mr. Wendland of Hanover, and is a plant of robust habit with leaves of about eighteen inches in length arranged vase-like ; the flower- spike rises from the centre, about two feet and a half in length, clothed with boat-shaped bracts four inches in length, of a rosy pink colour; the flowers, tipped with blue and changing to salmon colour with age, and arranged compactly on the upper part of the spike, materially add to the beauty of this grand plant; the bracts are very persistent and retain their rich colouring for several months. It was exhibited by Mr. B.S. Williams of the Victoria Nursery, Holloway, and received first-class certificates both at the Royal Horti- cultural Society and at the Crystal Palace, a distinction which it well merits. Its cultivation, like that of many of the other Bromeliads, is not difficult; it requires to be grown in a small pot, with a good deal of water.
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THE FLORAL
MAGAZINE.
NEW SERIES]
MARCH, 1872.
[No. 3.
EXHIBITIONS. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, Fes. 14th.
Tne council-room was on this occasion filled with a very charming collection of plants. Orchids in large num- bers, primulas, cyclamens, &c., contributed by Messrs. Veitch, Bull, Williams, Rollisson, Little, Standish, Denning, and other well-known exhibitors. Amongst the orchids were some remarkably fine examples of Masdevallia ignea, from.Mr. Marshall, of Clay Hill, Enfield ; Lycaste lasioglossa, a very curious species, from Mr. Veitch; Lelia Anceps, from Lord Londes- borough’s collection, with upwards of sixty fine flowers ; Cattleya Fuane, from the same; a very fine broad-pe- talled variety of Odontoglossum Alexandre, from Mr. Richards, gardener to Baron Rothschild, Gunnersbury ; Ceelogyne cristata, from Messrs. Veitch, a very fine specimen, between three and four feet through ; Odonto- glossum odoratum, from Mr. W. Bull, and a very fine Dendrobium nobile, from Messrs. Rollisson, Amongst other noticeable specimens were Tillandsia Lindeni Major, with beautiful bright blue flowers (figured in our former series), and two new palms, from Lord Howe’s Island, exhibited by Messrs. Veitch—Kentia Australis and Kentia Canterburyana; a very fine spe- cimen of Daphne indica rubra, from Mr. Johnson, gardener to T. J. Clarke, Esq., Uxbridge; and a splendid specimen of Hippeastrum pardinum, from Messrs. Veitch. Amongst the groups of plants, there was an exceedingly beautiful collection of spring flowers from Mr. Standish of Ascot, amongst which were two remarkably fine crimson-flowered cinerarias, Lord and Lady Kilmorey, one of which we hope shortly to figure, and some beautiful small plants of Bouvardia. Messrs. Carter and Co. had a group of caladiums, exceedingly good for the season. Mr, Little of Twickenham had a beautiful group of cycla- mens, among which one called Admiration was remarkable for its size and the brilliancy of its colour. Mr. Ware, of Hall Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, had a nice collection of hardy spring plants, conspicuous amongst which was the lovely deep purplish blue Iris reticulata. When to these are added the dielytras, pri- mulas, lily of the valley, and other flowers, it will be seen that the display was both numerous and interesting, and fully sustained the character of these Wednesday meetings.
MEMORIAL TO THE LATE MR. JAMES VEITCH.
Ir will be interesting to many of our subscribers to know that besides a Portrait of the deceased presented by Mr. R. T. Crawshay, the munificent sum of 9007. has been subscribed and invested in the names of trustees as a permanent fund for the encouragement of horticulture. No more appropriate, lasting, or useful mode of commemorating the eminent services of the deceased could have been devised. The following is the text of the deed securing the trust, with the mode and conditions of its appropriation :—
“The income of the said trust fund and the investments thereof shall be applied by the said trustees in the first place in payment of all costs, charges, and expenses which shall or may be incurred or become payable by the trustees in providing a place of deposit and exhibition of the said portrait, if thought expedient, or from time to time altering such place of deposit and paying for the proper cus- tody thereof, or the exhibition thereof, to the subscribers and their friends and the general public, and also of insuring the same from fire, and of preserving and repairing the same, and the frame, fit- tings, and appurtenances thereof, and generally for such purposes in connexion with the said portrait as the said trustees shall from time to time deem meet and expedient ; and in the next place for provid- ing and procuring the die or matrix for a commemorative medal bearing the name, or a medallion portrait of the said late James Veitch, from which medals may be struck for the purposes hereinafter men- tioned ; and in the next place, of defraying the expenses of print- ing, advertising, postages, wages of servants, messengers, and other persons employed by the said trustees, and generally, of all expenses connected with the trusts hereby created and the duties imposed upon the said trustees; and in the next place, of providing and giving prizes for the advancement and improvement of the science and practice of the culture, or for the successful culture of plants, flowers, trees, fruits, and vegetables, and otherwise for the advance- ment of the science and practice of horticulture, as the said trustees shall think fit; such prizes to be offered and given at such ex- hibitions of the leading Metropolitan Horticultural Societies in the three kingdoms as the said trustees shall from time to time in their discretion deem most expedient, with power to the said trustees to vary the number, value, and nature and subjects of, and time or times for competition for such prizes, as to the said trus- tees in their absolute and uncontrolled discretion may from time to time seem meet; and to give the same either in the shape of com- memorative medals, bearing the name or portrait of the said James Veitch, or of money, or in such other mode or manner as they shall in their absolute and uncontrolled discretion think best calculated to effect the advancement and improvement of horticulture. Pro- vided always, that it shall not be necessary for or incumbent upon the said trustees, or any of them, themselves to take part in the de- termination or selection of the successful candidates or exhibitors for such prizes, or any of them, or the adjudging of the said prizes so to be offered by them; but the said trustees shall have full power
6 THE FLORAL MAGAZINE.
either themselves to select such successful candidates, and to ad- judge such prizes, or to delegate and commit the said selection of candidates and adjudging of prizes either to some one or more of their body, or to the committees or committee, secretaries or secre- tary, managers or manager of the exhibitions at which the same prizes may be offered for competition, or to any other person or per- sons whomsoever as to the said trustees shall seem meet and expe- dient. Provided further, that the said trustees shall have full power at their discretion to retain the annual income arising from the said trust fund for any number of years not exceeding three, and to add the same by way of accretion to the said trust fund, or to accumu- late the same and to devote and apply the accumulations thereof in any one year for and to the same purposes and objects as are herein- before directed, of and concerning the income of the said trust fund in any one year; but so, nevertheless, that the total amount of the additions to the principal trust fund shall not at any time exceed one-third part of the total amount theretofore received by way of dividend or income upon the said trust fund.”
REVIEW.
DL’ Amorphophallus Kiviert. Par Aveusts Riviere.
Tuts monograph is an exceedingly good illustration of the care, even to the minutest details, which our French neighbours exercise in small matters. The plant here described was received as a small bulb by M. Riviere amongst some seeds from Cochin China, Like many of the Aroids, when it flowers it emits a nauseous, abominable odour ; and happily its flowering season is of very short duration. The foliageis exceed- ingly elegant, and constitutes the beauty of the plant. Figures are given of it, and the whole is edited with the scientific care which our esteemed friend brings to everything he undertakes.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
Catalogue of Flower and Vegetable Seeds. W. Bull, King’s Road Chelsea.—Catalogue of select gladioli— copious and well arranged. Mr. Bull’s seeds have a high character, and especially from foreign correspon- dents.
Vick’s Ilustrated Catalogue and Floral Guide, 1872. James Vick, Rochester, New York.—A remarkable in- stance of the go a-headism of our American cousins. The frontispiece is a photograph of the proprietor, of which he says he could only obtain 120,000—then there are coloured plans of ribbon-beds and of pansies. The catalogue itself is printed on toned paper, with an ornamental border to each page, while the illustra- tions literally crowd the pages. We have already noticed some very admirably illustrated catalogues, such as Messrs. Sutton’s and Carter and Co’s., but here is
one we are inclined to think equal to any for copious- ness of illustration and elegance of appearance. Our home friends must look to their laurels.
Catalogue des Rosiers Nouveaux, 1872; Charles Verdier, Rue Dumerel, No. 12, Paris. Rosiers Nou- veaux, de Guillot fils, Lyon; Catalogue des Rosiers Nouveaux ; J. Schwartz, successeur de M. Guillot pere, Lyon.—The war of 1869-70 prevented our receiv- ing the usual supply of new roses, and consequently of new catalogues, and, with the exception of a few from Lyons, none reached us last year; but this season all is altered. We find in these catalogues between seventy and eighty new varieties described, but of what cha- racter they will be it is impossible to form any judg- ment: the names of some of the raisers are a guarantee that something good may be found amongst them. But when they have not been seen, and where a vivid imagination is at play, it is very difficult to decide. Any of those whose business it is to cultivate and pro- pagate, must be sorely perplexed as to those on which to bestow their attention.
SPECIAL PRIZE LIST FOR THE BIRMING- HAM EXHIBITION.
We understand that in addition to the Carter Chal- lenge Cup of fifty guineas, offered by the Messrs, Carter and Co., for a collection of vegetables, and the liberal prizes of ten guineas offered for peas by the Messrs. Sutton of Reading, Messrs. J. C. Wheeler and Son of Gloucester offer a prize of ten guineas for the best collection of plants in pots, in bloom, bearing sweet-scented flowers: such as roses, lilies, honey suckles, stocks, jasmines, magnolias, violets, carnations, pinks, &c., ornamentally arranged. This ought to be an interesting competition, and we believe has been suggested by Lady Corisande’s garden in “ Lothair.” These special prizes (while evidencing the enterprize of the firms by whom they are offered) cannot but add much to what we believe will be a grand exhibition.
To Correspondents,
A. Z.—The weekly gardening papers give such copious details of operations necessary to be performed from time to time, that anything we could do would be utterly useless in comparison,
W. S.—The Metropolitan Floral Society’s Report can be had of the secretary; but we may just add that there is a balance in hand, and that it is proposed, in addition to what was done last year, to include in the programme for 1872 an International Fruit Show at the same time as the Autumn Show.
PLATE 9,
PRIMULA JAPONICA, var. LILACINA.
The interest which Primula Japonica excited on its first introduction has in no way abated ; and its grandeur as a fine decorative plant has been fully admitted. The only point which has been mooted as a matter of doubt has been its hardiness; but the evidence on this point has been so conclusive, that we cannot think it to be any longer doubtful ; and we believe it to have arisen from the fact that this, like many species of Primula, loses its leaves somewhat in the winter, especially during severe weather. But this is no evidence against its hardiness, as many of our most hardy primroses do the same.
We mentioned, when figuring this plant in our former series, that there were several varieties of it known to the Japanese, and that some of them had been exhibited by Mr. Bull. One of the most beautiful of these is that which we now figure, where the bright magenta colour of the original is replaced by a beautiful soft lilac: by many it will be thought to be the more attractive of the two.
We notice that a good deal of seed has been imported from Japan, and is now being offered for sale. It is well to remember that the seeds are very uncertain as to their period of germination, some of them not doing so until the second season, so that those who have purchased seed would do well not to be hasty in emptying the seed pans. We hope that during the present season this fine plant may be largely exhibited.
PLATE 10. ROSE—LORD ELDON.
The singularly coloured rose which we now figure is one of a class in which we are somewhat deficient—free-growing, free-flowering climbers, and will therefore, we believe, be acceptable to those who, having walls with southern aspects, may be desirous of filling them with ornamental flowering plants. Recently we have received some English contributions to this class ; for in Mr. Knight’s Princess Louise Victoria, and in Mr. George Paul’s climbing Victor Verdier, we have two excellent varieties of good habit; and Lord Eldon may be regarded, although in a different class, as a not unfitting companion.
We are informed by Messrs. Paul and Son, of Cheshunt, into whose hands the stock has passed, that Lord Lidon was raised from seed by Mr. Coppin, of Shirley, near Croydon, from Cloth of Gold Noisette, and resembles its parent in habit and constitution, but is a freer bloomer. It will be useful as a coppery-coloured climber for a south wall, while its strong sweet perfume will greatly recommend it. It will be seen from the drawing that it is not an exhibition rose, being too loose in petal for that; but for the purposes named it will be well suited ; and it was, no doubt, on account of its very distinct colour that it received from the Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society the reward of a first-class certificate. Mr. Coppin speaks highly of its merits, and if it grows freely in his light soil, we may reasonably conclude that in richer and deeper soils it will grow more freely still. It will be let out by Messrs. Paul and Son in May next.
Puate 11.
FUCHSIA SPLENDENS.
Tt has fallen to our lot more than once to endeavour to rescue from oblivion plants which were not of recent introduction, but which had so been put on one side by the rush for novelties, that they might almost ber egarded as new when re-introduced : such a plant is that which we now figure.
In visiting the gardens of Sir Henry Tufton, Bart., at Hothfield, we have been for some two or three winters struck with the exceeding beauty of this plant, which the intelligent gardener, Mr. Dury, cultivated largely and with success. Desirous of obtaining its name, we brought it to London, and showed it to many of our leading nurserymen, who did not know it ; and we were so convinced of its value, that we determined to bring it again into notice, although it was figured thirty years ago in the Botanical Register.
The great value of this plant consists in its being an essentially winter-flowering one. We have seen it in all stages; it strikes most freely, makes rapid growth, will bear forcing well, and when forced, comes into flower early in the winter, but does best in the interme- diate house, as in a cold greenhouse the flower-buds are apt to drop ; but with this moderate degree of warmth it continues a long time in beauty, is admirable for cutting for bouquets, and altogether is a very desirable plant. We believe that Mr. William Bull has now a large stock of it, and we hope that it may again find favour with all lovers of beautiful plants.
PLATE 12, AUCUBA LUTEOCARPA.
The promise which the introduction of the male Avcuba gave of enriching our shrub- beries with a more ornamental berried plant, and the hopes which it inspired of giving us still more interesting varieties by hybridizing, have been abundantly fulfilled ; while it offers also to those who are interested in the decoration of rooms, halls, and conservatories, a bright and easily managed plant, which will stand the evil influence of gas and dust to a consider- able degree. We have in the former series of the Moral Magazine shown the results of this introduction of the male Aucuba, while the plant which we now figure evidences that still further variety is to be looked for.
We are informed by Mr. Williams, of The Victoria Nursery, Holloway, that this interesting plant was found by him some few years ago in the neighbourhood of Manchester, and that it is believed to be an imported one; some doubt was entertained by those to whom he showed it, as to whether it would retain its very distinctive character, the golden colour of its berries. But after three years of trial, he has not found any tendency in it to alter, so that we may regard it as an accidentally obtained, but now permanently fixed variety. While not perhaps so showy as the red-berried varieties, the contrast which it affords with them makes it a very desirable plant, and the facility with which it is cultivated will bring it into quite as wide notice as those which have been previously sent out. Some nice plants of it were lately exhibited at the Royal Horticultural Society, South Kensington.
PRIMULA JAPONICA, VAR LILACINA
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FLORAL MAGAZINE. NEW SERIES
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THE FLORAL
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APRIL, 1872.
[No. 4.
EXHIBITIONS. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, Marcu 6.
A very pretty exhibition, but very deficient in novelties, for with the exception of the pretty white Toxicophla (which we hope to figure), exhibited by Mr. B. 8. Wil- liams of Holloway, and a few roses, there was really nothing new; for the Imantophyllum, although very beautiful, we regard as very similar to one exhi- bited by Mr. Bull some time ago. But if deficient in novelty, it decidedly was not so in objects of interest ex- hibiting great cultural skill; foremost amongst which must be placed the magnificent specimen of Phalzenopsis Schilleriana, exhibited by Mr. Masson, gardener to R. Milne, Esq., Viewfield House, Arbroath. It had two branchy spikes covered with 207 of its beautifully coloured rosy blossoms. Then Messrs. Veitch had some beautiful specimens of Odontoglossum Alexandre and Triumphans, and Dendrobium Farmeri. Mr. Denning, gardener to Lord Londesborough, had Cattleya Triane, Cypripedium Lowi, Cypripedium eburneum, and other fine orchids. Mr. Bennett, Manor Farm Nursery, Staple- ford, Salisbury, sent some plants of some of the new roses, and amongst them were Baroness Louise d’Ux- hull, Richard Wallace, Madame George Schwartz, and Madlle. Cécile Berthod (Tea). It is very difficult, when plants are so much forced as these, to judge of their future prospects ; but one or two of these gave promise of being good, the Tea-scented rose being a particu- larly clear bright yellow; but we dare say more will be seen of all these by-and-by. The Council-room was well filled with a large and miscellaneous collection of flower- ing plants, such as Cyclamens, Orchids, Primulas; beau- tiful hardy plants from Mr. Ware of Hall Farm Nur- series, Tottenham, interspersed with Palms, Caladiums, altogether forming a very beautiful show. The day being fine, the room was so crowded that it was with difficulty the flowers could be seen, and we believe at the next show an alteration will be made by holding it either in the French Court or Conservatory.
Marcu 20th—* This,” says the Journal of Horti- culture, “ was the first spring show ; well was it sup- ported, well worthy of inspection was it by all interested in those beautiful flowers which adorn our conservatories and windows at the present season. The Hyacinths, as they generally are at the Society’s show, were superb ; the quality was remarkably good throughout, while in some of the collections—as those of Messrs. Veitch and
Mr. William Paul—there were numbers equal to any- thing in past years. In the amateurs’ class there was considerable improvement: Mr. Douglas and the Rev. H. H. Dombrain stood far to the front, showing much better examples than were produced in times gone by.”
Besides Hyacinths, there were some admirable col- lections of plants ; among which we may notice a beau- tiful collection of small plants of Camellias, shown by Mr. William Paul, Waltham Cross; Messrs. Lane and Son exhibited a group of Camellias, Rhododendrons, &e.; Messrs. Cutbush of Highgate, a basket of their very handsome Aucuba, Aureo-maculata (figured in our former series) ; Mr. Denning, gardener to Lord Londes- borough, a beautiful collection of Orchids; Messrs. Rol- lison of Tooting, and Mr. Williams of Holloway, a beautiful collection of miscellaneous plants; Mr. E. Dixon of Beverley, some fine specimens of Antherinum Scherzerianum, a fine pair of Trichomanes radicans, and other plants ; and Mr. Ware of Tottenham a group of hardy plants; and Mr. Turner a collection of Show and Alpine Auriculas, and a very beautiful basket of Mrs. Headly, tricolor pelargonium.
It is announced that a course of lectures on Flowers and Fruits will be delivered in the Council-room of the ~ Royal Horticultural Society at South Kensington by W.T. Thiselton Dyer, B.A., B.Sc., F.L.S. (Professor of Botany to the Society), on the following subjects :— April 11, “ Flowers: their common plan of construc- tion.” April 25, “ Flowers: the variety in their forms, and how brought about.” May 9, “ Flowers: their colours and odours.” May 23, “ Fruits: their struc- ture.” June 6, “ How seeds are sown in Nature.” June 20, “ Flowers and Fruits under cultivation.” The lectures will commence at 3 P.M.
ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY, Marcu 13. Tue new corridor from the Conservatory was used for the first time for a very beautiful exhibition, of which Hyacinths were the most remarkable objects. Messrs. Veitch and Son, who last year appeared for the first time as exhibitors, came out very strongly on this occa- sion not only with twelve magnificent spikes, but also with a large well-bloomed collection of one hundred pots. Mr. Veitch’s twelve were, Koh-i-noor, Solfaterre, Czar Peter, General Havelock, King of the Blues, De Candolle, Grandeur a Merveille, Vuurback, Macaulay, Haydn, La Grandesse, and Ida. Mr. Douglas, gardener
8 THE FLORAL MAGAZINE.
to Francis Whitborne, Esq., Loxford Hall, Ilford, was first amongst amateurs with a remarkably fine collection. There were some very good collections of plants in flower: Chinese Primulas, and Cyclamens were exhi- bited in large collections by Mr. Goddard, gardener to H. Little, Esq., Twickenham ; Messrs. Dobson and Co. of Isleworth, Mr.Wiggins, and Mr. James. Amongst the novelties in these classes was a Cyclamen with fringed edges, exhibited by Mr. Wiggins; some new Hyacinths from Mr. Wm. Paul, Waltham Cross; while new Palms and plants were exhibited by Messrs. Veitch, Rollison, and Williams, amongst the most noticeable being Veitchea Canteburyana, Kentia australis, and Kentia Fosteriania, from Mr. Veitch ; Toxicophlea Thunbergi, from Mr. Williams; and Martinezia erosa and Calamus verticillaris, from Messrs. Rollison. Mr. Ware had one of his charming collections of spring plants; and Messrs. Carter a basket of a new scarlet pelargonium, Velocipede, which seems likely to be an acquisition.
GARDEN ECONOMICS. CLIMAX LAWN-MOWER.
Wirnovr at all entering into the merits of the different lawn-mowers, we can safely recommend this as an adjunct to any now in use. Nothing is more usual now than to have narrow grass borders, and for these even the 12-inch mower is too wide when the beds are filled. The Climax Mower, the invention of Messrs. Fellows and Bates, Manchester, answers admirably for all such places, as well as for those small plots where the owner would consider it not worth his while to go to the ex- pence of a larger machine. We used it during the last summer, and found it admirably adapted for the above- mentioned purposes. That it was appreciated by the public may be gathered from the fact that between five and six thousand were sold last season.
DINNER TABLE DECORATIONS.
It would seem that the rage for this use of flowers is greater than ever, if we may argue anything from the fact that the Royal Horticultural Society offers alto- gether 84/. in prizes for table decorations; its premier prize of the whole year, 30/., being the first prize for a dinner table laid completely for twenty; while we also observe that the proprietors of the ‘ Gardener’s Magazine” offer prizes to the amount of 25/. for the same object, making the very wise proviso that artificial light must be used ; and yet notwithstanding these large amounts, we are assured that a far more simple style of ornamentation than that formerly used is now the only one which is tolerated at the best tables. And we can quite understand this: the tax upon both the garden
and the time of those who undertake the arrange- ment is very great. When first the fashion was intro- duced, high stands, such as those invented by Mr. Marsh, and called from him Marsh Stands, with two receptacles for flowers, one about eighteen inches above the other, with a glass rod as a support, were much used. Various modifications of these were introduced, and we have even seen the centre of a round table filled with a pile of gorgeous orchids and other flowers four feet high; but these were seen to have the disadvantage of hiding the guests of one side of the table from those on the other. Small plants have also been much used. Then shallow trays of flowers placed in the centre of the table; while more recently nothing higher than a foot has been permitted, and small specimen glasses holding a few flowers placed before each guest, or round the central lamp, as the case may be. We cannot but think this is by far the more sensible method. We shall be curious to see what new com- binations these liberal prizes may be the means of bringing forward. Certain it is that those who are to act as judges on the occasion ought to be persons not only of good taste, but who are conversant with the usages of modern society in its best phases ; we are too apt to run into extravagances when copying the doings of our neighbours. And so in this instance we make ourselves ridiculous by the extremes to which we have run in copying “diner a la Russe.” It may be that we shall see something of a more refined and purer taste than those which have taken prizes of late years.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
H. Cannell’s Illustrated Floral Guide for 1872.— This is something more than a mere catalogue. Mr. Cannell professes in it not only to give the names of new varieties of plants, but also his own observations upon them, and as he confines himself exclusively to what are ordinarily called soft-wooded plants, and is a keen and sharp-witted observer, his recommendations may safely be relied on; moreover, there is much pleasant and interesting information as to the various classes and the raisers of the new flowers, and he adopts the system of not only selling rooted plants, but also cuttings and rooted-cuttings, so that for a small sum lovers of these flowers may have the opportunity of adding to their collection.
Co Correspondents.
T. S.— Disa pauciflora is no doubt given to capriciousness, as all who have grown it can testify ; it has been tried during the past year as an out-of-door plant by Dr. Moore, of Glasnevin, and it succeeded admi- rably. But you would hardly like to try it thus until it was more abun- dant with you.
B. 8.—We hope to give a group of the plants shortly.
Puate 13.
CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, vars. QUEEN OF CRIMSONS, SNOWFLAKE, AND PURPUREUM.
Amongst those who have taken a leading part in the improvement of the Cyclamen, a foremost place must be given to Mr. Little, of Cambridge Villa, Twickenham, and we have therefore figured three of his best varieties, which have all obtained first-class certificates from the Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society. As he is so successful a cultivator, we are enabled to give some notes on their culture, which he has been kind enough to furnish :—
“‘T sow the seed in September, in pots, in a light fibrous soil, with a little leaf-mould and sharp sand. When fit to handle, prick out about ten or twelve in a 48 pot, in similar soil; when large enough, pot singly in 60-sized pots, and repot when these are full of roots. The last potting prior to blooming use rather stiffer soil, with leaf-mould, sharp sand, and some well decayed mantre (be careful to examine this to get rid of grubs and worms), giving plenty of drainage. While growing during the summer, the foliage must be kept perfectly clean, and well syringed. When in bloom, do without fire heat as much as possible, giving air on all occasions when free from frost and rain. I cannot too strongly insist on the abso- lute necessity of keeping the plants in all their stages of growth and bloom free from red spiders and green fly. Stop them at once, and do not leave off till all traces of them are removed, for if allowed to gain head, the beauty of the bloom and foliage will be completely spoilt, the bloom becoming crippled, and the foliage shrivelled and unhealthy.”
We have only to add that all the three varieties are of first-rate character, and that Queen of Crimsons especially is a great advance in colour, and the expanded flowers remain for a long time in perfection.
Puate 14. AZALEA MARVEL.
Among the many beautiful flowering plants which tend to make greenhouses gay in the spring months, a very prominent place must be given to the lovely tribe of Azaleas, so profuse in their flowering, so varied and bright in their colouring, or pure in their snowy whiteness ; and amongst them we must class as one of the most useful, if not brilliant, the small Azalea amena, for, while deficient in the grander and more brilliant features of its compeers, it is in truth one of the most beautiful things for early flowering that we possess. Small in foliage as in the blooms also, one has the advantage of being dense and shrubby, and the other of being produced in the greatest abundance. The latter are of a rich rosy crimson colour, with a hose-in-hose corolla; and both in the plant and when cut for bouquets, the flowers are very persistent in consequence of their peculiarity of form. We owe it, as we do many of our fine things, to Mr. Fortune, who met with it in a nursery at Shanghae.
Azalea Marvel, which we uow figure, is of the Amzna type; it was exhibited by Mr. William Bull, of King’s Road, Chelsea, and received a first-class certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society ; it must have had considerable merit to receive this distinction. ‘This merit consists in its greater abundance of flowers, with the same dwarf and shrubby habit ; so that for early blooming it may be considered a decided acquisition, although of course not to be compared in brilliancy with those larger-flowered Aza/eas which are so pro- minent a feature at our Spring Exhibitions, and of which we have already given many illustrations.
Puate 15. MASDEVALLIA IGNEA.
We have already figured in our former series examples of this curious and interesting genus of Orchids, many additions to which have been made of late years; and we have now the pleasure of giving one which has been greatly admired when exhibited during the present year.
The Masdevallias are all interesting, and as they occupy but little space and are very easily grown, they are worthy of a place in any orchid house where the cool treatment is adopted ; for as in the case of many other Orchids, they have been grown in too high a temperature, and consequently failure has often attended their cultivation ; the idea formerly entertained having been that, because some Orchids coming from the East Indies and other hot countries required a high temperature, all did so; the Masdevallias will thrive under the same treatment as Odonfoglossum, should be potted in moss and sphagnum, and always kept moist at the roots without being soddened.
Masdevallia ignea has been exhibited by oe Veitch, Mr. Bull, Mr. Day, of Tottenham, Mr. W. Marshall, of Clay Hill, Enfield, and other Orchid growers; the flowers are of a crimson-red, or sometimes orange-scarlet colour, the veins ecole shaded with crimson ; it was imported from New Grenada, and sold at Mr. Stevens’s sale. Like many of the Orchids, it varies very much in colour, some of those exhibited by Mr. Marshall being so very dissimilar, that to many they appeared almost like a distinct species ; the species is remarkable for having the upper sepal bent down between the sinus of the lateral ones, giving it a singular appearance.
Puate 16.
DRACAINA EXCELSA (or ELEGANS).*
“The Dracenas,” says Mr. B. Williams in his valuable and thoroughly practical book, “Choice Stove and Greenhouse plants,” “are amongst the most useful and beautiful of fine fohaged plants, partly owing to their noble but graceful habit, and partly owing to the colour which the leaves of many species assume.” We may add to this, that another title to their being more generally grown is their great use for the decoration of houses, halls, ballrooms, &c.; they will stand a considerable amount of exposure to heat and dust without being materially injured thereby. The various varieties of D. indivisa are exceedingly beau- tiful for this purpose ; while others, such as D. Cooperi, D. ferrea, D. robusta, D. terminalis, make very admirable plants for subtropical gardening.
In the matter of cultivation they do not present much difficulty, a compost of two-thirds peat, and one-third loam, being that best adapted for them; they should also have a fair amount of pot room.
Dracena excelsa is a beautiful South Sea Island plant, with spreading leaves broadly oblong and narrowed at the base; the colour is a rich deep olive green, and the edges of the leaves are margined with bright carmine. As a decorative plant of medium growth it pro- mises to be very useful, and for this purpose Mr. Bull, in whose establishment we saw it, considers it a decided acquisition.
* The name it bore when our drawing was made, but subsequently changed, whence the discrepancy disco- vered too late for rectification.
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THE FLORAL MAGAZINE.
NEW SERIES.]
MAY, 1872,
[No. 5.
EXHIBITIONS. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, Apvrit 3.
ALTHOUGH not equal in excellence and importance to the Hyacinth Show, this was really a very creditable exhibition; the prizes offered for Odontoglossums, Cyclamens, Cinerarias, and Amaryllids, brought to- gether some splendid collections, while the miscel- laneous class contained many groups of high merit. The Odontoglossums exhibited by Messrs. Ward, Bull, and Linden of Brussels, comprised O. Trium- phans, Phalwenopsis, Hallti, Pescatorei, roseum, hystrix, and odoratum; the Cyclamens exhibited by Mr. Goddard, gardener to H. Little, Esq., Cambridge Villa, Twickenham, were marvels of good culture. Nothing can be more attractive than these plants, and they may be had in bloom where there is a good collection from October to May. The Cinerarias were far behind the examples we have seen exhibited in former days ; the only collection of Amaryllids shown was that of Mr. Baxter, gardener to C. Keiser, Esq., Broxbourne ; it contained some remarkably fine flowers, Olga being the cream of the collection. It would be impossible to enumerate the many beautiful plants shown by Messrs. Veitch, Paul, Williams, Rollisson, and others. There ‘were a few very remarkable new plants submitted to the Floral Committee by Mr. Linden of Brussels, com- prismg Masdevallia Lindeni, a most lovely species, with brilliant magenta-coloured flowers: Tillandsia Lindeni vera, with deep rose-coloured bracts and _bril- liant violet-blue flowers—these we hope to figure. From Mr. Veitch came Oncidium cresus, and from Mr. Bull, Draceena metallica, with dark bronze foliage, ‘and Zalacca orientalis, an ornamental palm; and from Messrs. Smith of Dulwich, Azalea Beauty of Surrey, one of the very finest, if not the very finest white Azalea yet introduced.
April 17,—Another exceedingly good and varied exhi- bition, in which prizes were offered especially for Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and Auriculas, but at which (as usual at these shows) the miscellaneous subjects formed a large and important portion of the show; amongst the most interesting plants were the Auriculas, which we have never seen at these shows in such good character ‘and condition. Mr. Turner took first prize for twelve, and Mr. James of Isleworth second. In the class for amateurs, the Rev. H. H. Dombrain, Westwell Vicarage, Ashford, Kent, was first with (says the
Journal of Horticulture) “trusses in which the pips were large without being coarse; his varieties were Traill’s Mayflower, Gairn’s Model, Headly’s George Lightbody, Campbell’s Pizarro, Smith’s Waterloo, and Cheetham’s Lancashire Hero. In the Metropolitan Floral Society’s classes, the Rev. H. H. Dombrain was first for six, Mr. James second, and H. Little, Esq., Twickenham, third; for green edges Mr. Turner was first with Leigh’s Colonel Taylor, the Rev. H. H. Dom- brain second with Admiral Napier, and Mr. James third with Lovely Ann; for grey edges the same exhi- bitors occupied the same position with Headly’s George Lightbody, and for white edges with a plant named John Waterston, but evidently not it, and Smith’s Ne plus ultra; for selfs the Rev. H. H. Dombrain was first with Spalding’s Metropolitan, very fine in truss and splendid in colour, Mr. Turner being second with Pizarro, and Mr. James third with Mrs. Smith.” Amongst the miscellaneous subjects perhaps one of the most interesting were the Azaleas of M. Van Houtte of Ghent, who received first-class certificates for J. G. Veitch, Madlle. Marie Van Houtte, a large semi- double white flaked with salmon, Sigismund Rucker, pink bordered with white nicely painted, very like Ivery’s Fascination but larger. There was also a very beautiful collection of the fine cutleaved Japanese Maples.
REVIEWS. The Fairfield Orchids,
We need no greater evidence of the widespread attention given to the cultivation of Orchids, than that afforded by the book now before us; it is in truth, a catalogue of the Orchids grown for sale by Messrs. James Brooks and Sons, the Fairfield Nurseries, near Manchester. But instead of being merely a dry catalogue, it contains an introduction of twenty-six pages on the best method of treatment ; then an admirable descriptive list of the various species in cultivation; and an appendix, giving’ the meaning of the names by which they are called. The cultural directions seem to us to be founded on plain principles, and to be carried out with good common sense: take, for example, the following remarks on the culture of the suspended Epiphytes :—
“The best and easiest way is that most natural to the plants themselves, and that is to let them feed after their own manner from an atmosphere saturated with moisture which contains the products of some simple vegetable matter. ‘Io be dosed from a watering-pot with liquid manure is not natural to them. ‘The most easy and natural formula is atmospheric precipitation,
10 THE FLORAL MAGAZINE.
the fermenting vegetable material being so located in the orchid house as to be a source of no annoyance either to visitors or to workers therein, and at the same time, able to communicate its products freely to the atmosphere. The material decidedly the best to employ is tanner’s refuse bark, with the addition of a small quantity of stable manure.”
In the same vein are the remarks on “the Rest of Orchids ;” and altogether we consider the book a valuable contribution to the literature of Orchid culture, even although it only assumes the form of a trade catalogue.
The Natural History of the Year. By the late B. B. Woopwarp, B.A. Partridge and Co.
This is a very charming book for young persons, well written, beautifully printed, and illustrated with wood- cuts characteristic of the months and seasons of the year. The author, evidently a lover of Nature, is just such a companion as a child would delight to have in his first country walk, to help him to see, observe, and enjoy the curious and wonderful objects lying in his way at every step. Relating the charm of his own first introduction to nature, he continues :—
“ You will smile I dare say when I tell you that this happened on a winter’s day. There was no snow on the ground, but everything looked wet and cheerless ; the sky was clouded, and the wind so cutting that when I set out on my walk I shivered with cold. But before I had gone far, I saw a small kind of grass in ear, and I gathered it, wondering why it had not waited till the sweet spring was come; next I espied the pretty white stars of the chickweed, and as I had never noticed it before, I plucked it with as much delight as if I had found a most splendid and fragrant flower; and then I saw other flowers and mosses, and berries both black and red. And J listened to a lark which was singing far above my head, and to the blackbirds and redbreasts in the trees close beside me; and I forgot the cold, and everything except the wonder and the beauty of the world which God was adorning in this way, even in the depth of winter.”
And so our author takes us a monthly ramble through- out the year, directing attention to the various objects of interest peculiar to each. Here and there are thrown in bits of what are intended as religious instruction, which smack more of the theologian than of the naturalist, and which we strongly suspect are from another pen, as the book is said to have been revised. These may be acceptable to some persons, but we con- fess not to ourselves in the form in which they appear. We love religion, and regard nature as its handmaid ; so we also like sugar, but we should object, as would a child also we think, to have lumps of undissolved sugar thrown into every dish of meat or vegetables. Why not let nature teach its own lesson, and make its own impression? It will do so much more effectually and naturally than any theologian. Notwithstanding this slight blemish, if indeed it be one, we strongly recom- mend this little book as a gift which will be highly prized by every child who is fortunate enough to obtain a copy.—F. L. 8.
GARDEN ECONOMICS. SHADING MATERIALS.
ALrHouGH not so much troubled with brilliant sun as our Continental neighbours, we are yet, if we desire to keep our plants in good condition, obliged to resort to some sort of shading during the summer weather. The rays of the sun, concentrated by glass, burn and scorch the leaves, and hence this provision is necessary. Shaw’s Tiffany has been for a long time in use, and is doubt- less a useful material, but we have found, after a three years’ trial, Collinge’s far better. It is much stronger, looks neat, and admits a sufficient degree of light, and does not in any way draw the plants. We have also found it useful as a protection for strawberries (for we are troubled by blackbirds who, some way or other, do understand that good strawberries are better eating than indifferent ones), and also for small bush cherries. There are, we are aware, other shading materials, but we can only bear witness to the value of that which we have tried.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
Mr. C. Turner’s Spring Catalogue of Geraniums, &c.
Messrs. Downie, Land, and Laing’s Descriptive Catalogue of Florist’s Flowers, &c.
Mr. T. Ware’s Catalogue of Florist’s Flowers.
We have grouped these together, as they are evidences of the return to the cultivation of florist’s flowers, which the rage for other things had driven out of the field. Mr. Turner has long been known as our chief cultivator of pinks, carnations, picotees, auriculas, &c., and his present catalogue is very comprehensive. — Messrs. Downie and Co. have always maintained a high reputa- tion for pansies, phloxes, pentstemons, &c., and in their various classes we perceive several additions to their already rich collection—Mr. Ware has greatly contributed to the revival of a taste for alpine and herbaceous plants in the neighbourhood of the metro- polis, and we are glad to hail him as another worker in reviving the taste for our long neglected favourites.
Mr. B.S. Williams’ Catalogue of Plants for 1872. —This complete list commences with a list of the novelties introduced by him, such as Echimea Marie Regine, Viola cornuta magnificent, &c., and is illus- trated with some characteristic woodcuts of ferns, orchids, &c.
We are requested to notify that the Manchester National Show will be held on May 17th and follow- ing days, aud that the Metropolitan Floral Society’s Autumn Show (with which will be combined an International Floral Show), will take place at the Crystal Palace on Wednesday and Thursday, August 28th and 29th.
PLATE 17. CELOSIA HUTTONI.
This family (to which many ornamental plants belong, some of which are specially suitable for the ornamentation of the conservatory in autumn,) has lately received a valuable addition in the handsome plant which we now figure, originally named Amaranthus Huttoni, but since altered to its present name.
Like most of the family known to us it is an annual, and requires the treatment of a stove during the earlier periods of its growth ; the seeds may be sown in a hotbed in March, and then pricked out into small pots, afterwards to be transferred to the stove or greenhouse, and potted off as they increase in size; they will then form conspicuous objects for the greenhouse when Azaleas, Pelargoniums, and other summer-flowering plants have passed their prime and been turned out of doors. Like many other plants of this character, the Celosias are liable to be attacked by red spider, but if well syringed this pest may be kept down; like others of the Amarantacee it is hoped that the plant may prove useful for bedding purposes, the redness of its colouring approaching to that of Jresene Herbstii, but somewhat darker; and may, in warm summers especially, add another to the many shades of coloured leaves which, as well as flowers, tend to make up the results of the modern system of summer gardening.
Celosia Huttont was introduced by the Messrs. Veitch and Son, of Chelsea, from Java —sufficiently indicating its character as a stove plant; and we are indebted to them for the opportunity of figuring it; it is a fitting companion to the Amaranthus salicifolius, figured in the last volume of our former series.
Puate 18, SINGLE VARIETIES OF CHINESE PRIMROSE.
Those who are able to look back for some years at the progress of horticulture cannot but be surprised at the immense improvement that has taken place in many of our favourite flowers. The Cyclamen we have already adverted to, and the Chinese Primrose may be evidenced as another : formerly the flowers were small, and the colours but few—now we have them with large flowers of many hues of colour, and equally great variations have taken place in the foliage, as for example the fern-leaved varieties, and latterly we have seen a large white variety with very dark foliage.
We have seen most of the different strains that have been brought before the public, and although many of them are very beautiful, we are of opinion that that of which we now give an illustration is of the very finest character; there is so much beauty and such brilliancy of colour that they lay claim to being of the very first order. We would especially refer to the brilliant crimson of that marked fig. 4, and the curiously spotted magenta flower marked fig. 2. No names have been given to these flowers, as Messrs. Stuart consider them but types of the general character of the plants produced from their seed.
We are indebted to Messrs. Stuart and Co. of Nice, and also of 5, Tavistock Row, Covent Garden, for the opportunity of figuring them, and are informed by them that such varieties may be expected from their seeds, and we hope in our next number, (where we purpose figuring a selection of double varieties) to give an account of their method of cultivation.
Puate 19. CINERARIAS—JOHN STANDISH AND LADY KILMOREY.
There are few flowers more attractive for early spring blooming than the Civeraria, and in former years there was always a large number of handsome well-grown specimen plants exhibited, but these seem now to be almost a thing of the past; perhaps it is considered that more showy plants better occupy their place, or that good varieties can be so easily obtained from seed, that 1¢ is not worth while to take the trouble of propagating and growing named varieties, or the encouragement given to them in the way of prizes has been so small that exhibitors have been deterred ; be that as it may, they are certainly by no means so well grown and exhibited as formerly.
It is quite true that good varieties may be obtained from a packet of seed, but so may bad ones also ; and in a large establishment where hundreds of plants can be grown, and used up, of whatever character they may be, either for decoration or bouquets, either plan may well be adopted ; but to the amateur who loves form, high colour and clearness of marking, this will not do, and he will be always glad to have good sterling varieties, even although their cultivation does entail a little more trouble.
The Messrs. F. and A. Smith of Dulwich, and more recently Messrs. Standish and Co. of Ascot, have greatly improved the flower, introducing a sort of tricoloured marking into it, and very attractive were some of the plants exhibited by the latter this spring ; from among them we have selected two—John Standish (fig. 1), an intensely brilliant magenta purple, and Lady Kilmorey (fig. 2), a beautiful bright mauve ; indeed the latter possesses a colour quite new in this beautiful flower, and we hope to see a still further improvement as the result of the care bestowed on them.
PLATE 20. TOXICOPHLAA SPECTABILIS.
This handsome and fragrant plant has been exhibited during the present season at South Kensington and the Regent’s Park under the name of Yovicophlea Thunbergii ; but a more careful examination of it, by Professor Dyer and others, has led them to the conclusion that it is not identical with that plant, but is a more showy and valuable species.
The old 7. Thunbergii, with which it was supposed to be identical, is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and derives its name from the fact that the aborigines use a decoction of the bark for poisoning their arrows. Very few of the genus are worth cultivating (their culture, however, being of the very easiest nature), but the plant we figure, says a con- temporary, “from its showy leaves, will recall those of some P2t/osporums, and from its dense masses of fragrant white and [xora-like blooms, is one that is likely to prove of great value as a warm greenhouse plant’”—a verdict which will, we think, be borne out by the accurate and characteristic figure given by Mr. Smith.
Toxicophlea Thunbergit was exhibited by Mr. B. 8. Wilhams, of Victoria Nursery, Hol- loway, by whose kindness we figure it, and gained at the Royal Horticultural Society a first class certificate, and at the Royal Botanic, a botanical certificate of merit; it is amongst the new plants announced by Mr. Williams as to be sent out by him in May, and we have no doubt, from its ornamental character, and the easiness of its culture, it will find its way into many collections.
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NEW SERIES.]
JUNE, 1872.
[No. 6.
EXHIBITIONS. CRYSTAL PALACE, May 11.
Tuts, the first of the Grand Exhibitions of the Metro- polis, was a complete success ; for although the number of plants exhibited was probably not so large as on some former occasions, yet the general excellence of the exhibits was far above the usual average; espe- cially in the classes of stove and greenhouse plants, heaths, and foliage plants. And indeed throughout the Exhibition there were not, as far as we could judge, any inferior specimens, while some were marvels of excellence. We would single out, as perhaps the most remarkable plants in the show, the two Sarracenias exhibited by Mr. Baines. The large Azaleas are cer- tainly inferior to what they used to be; but then those exhibited in smaller pots were decidedly far more attractive, the collection exhibited by Mr. C. Turner, of Slough, being especially beautiful. There were some excellent miscellaneous collections of plants exhi- bited by Mr. Williams, of Holloway, Messrs. Carter, of Holborn, and Messrs. Downie, Laird, and Laing, of Forest Hill. The roses in pots of Messrs. Paul and Son were marvels of fine cultivation; while the box of cut blooms of Maréchal Niel, exhibited by Captain Christy, of Westerham, were probably the finest ever seen. The Metropolitan Floral Society offered prizes for Tulips and Pansies, which had the effect of bringing together a larger number of the former than we have seen for many years; the principal exhibitors being Messrs. Turner, Walker, and Hooper, amongst nursery- men; and Mr. Norman and the Rev. H. H. Dombrain amongst amateurs. Pelargoniums showed a great falling off as compared with former years; but we fear the rage for bedding out plants has driven them out of the field.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, May 15.
THE principal features of this Exhibition were the pot Roses and the Table Decorations, and as the latter are not so often exhibited as the former, we prefer to notice them. There were two classes—one for a dinner for twenty persons, the other for a dinner for twelve. In the former, Miss Hassard, of St. Ronan’s, Church Road, Norwood, took the first prize, and deservedly so ; it carried out the conditions of good taste which we
have always insisted upon—the one point that is doubtful to our mind being, whether the letting of the pot into the table is a legitimate plan. The arrangement of the table was—Two ferns (Pteris) were placed at either end, and where the stem rose from the table was a circle of fern-leaves ; the centre contained a tall stand of glass, the base of which was surrounded by fern-leaves on which were placed blooms of Cactus speciosissimus and Lilies of the Valley, while Rhodanthe and Maiden Hair fern filled up the stand. The top con- tained some grasses and Hotteian Japonica, and was exceedingly light and elegant. Between the ferns and the centre-piece were two recumbent figures, sur- rounded with Lycopodiums, and specimen grasses were placed round the table. Altogether it was very elegant, and deservedly merited the place it obtained. Miss E. Blair was second, with a table similarly arranged. There were some very remarkable instances of bad taste, one especially, which was all colour, and the stand surmounted with flags. We were told it was exhibited by an American firm. We did not think the
- second class by any means good; but the vagueness of
the schedule, in which it stated economy of cost was to be considered, led to poverty of appearance. We hope that the decision of the judges in determining to ex- clude from prizes those which were so over-done, will have the-effect of disseminating a better taste.
The collection of Roses in pots was very good, and a very interesting collection of agaves and succulents added a feature not often seen. Dr. Kellock, and Mr. Jean Verschaffelt, from Ghent, both exhibited a fine collection; as did also Mr. Peacock, of Sudbury, but his collection was not for competition.
MANCHESTER HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION.
Wrruovt exception the finest Exhibition that we have seen for many years, not excepting those held in the metropolis, There was a bank of Orchids shown which we might challenge London to equal, and which has not for many years been equalled there. Then there was the magnificent collection of plants shown by Mr. Baines, gardener to H. B. Micholl, Esq., of Southgate House, which no other grower could produce ; while Azaleas, pot Roses, zonal and variegated Geraniums, herbaceous plants and Rhododendrons and Ferns, found
12 THE FLORAL MAGAZINE.
fitting representatives. The whole show was a credit to the exhibitors, and the liberal list of prizes, amount- ing to nearly 1000J., displayed the liberality and public spirit of Manchester. It may be interesting to state that the special prizes offered by that munificent patron of Horticulture, Sam. Mendell, Esq., for the best plants in the Exhibition, were awarded to Ixora Colei, exhi- bited by Messrs. Cole and Son, of Manchester, and to Sarracenia flava, exhibited by Mr. Baines. The whole arrangements of the Exhibition were carried out in a manner which reflected the highest credit upon all concerned ; the palm of praise being clearly due to Mr. Findley, the able curator of the Botanical Society under whose auspices the Exhibition was held; and indeed, as far as we have seen, the Northerners completely beat us Southerners out of the field in the manner in which they enter into any enterprise of this character. There is far more warmth and energy amongst them than with those who live in a more favoured climate, where the difficulties attending the growth of plants bear no comparison with those experienced by the lovers of gardeuing in the North.
GARDEN ECONOMICS.
GREEN FLY, AND THE METHODS OF ITS DESTRUCTION.
Ir we were to believe all the statements made as to the various compounds, powders, liquids, &c., for get- ting rid of this pest, we ought never to be troubled with it; and yet, after all, we very much question whether anything is equal to the old plan of fumigating, and whether anything is better than the various forms of tobacco. We have tried several, and we believe that good tobacco-paper is the most efficient cure for the enemy. Various machines have been also recom- mended for using the preparation, but, although many of them are ingenious and many expensive, we find none to be better than the very simple contrivance known so largely and so well as “Appleby’s Fumigator ;” and we venture to say that with this and abundance of his compound paper, the pest can soon be got rid of— indeed it need never appear—for if the house be fumi- gated occasionally, there need be no fear of its harbour- ing the enemy. The Fumigator is very simple, and no inconvenience whatever need be felt by those who use it. It may be lighted, and left in the house to do its own work.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
Catalogue of Bedding and other Plants. James Carter, Dunnett and Beale, 237 and 238, High Hol-
born.—The extensive seed business of Messrs. Carter gradually necessitated the addition of a nursery to supply the orders received, and no more remarkable instance of the rapid growth of such an establishment can be adduced than the Forest Hill Nursery belonging to this firm ; for from thence not only have there been immense quantities of plants sent out, but some very remarkable seedlings, especially amongst the Tricolor Geraniums, have emanated from thence. We need only mention Prince of Wales and Mrs. Dunnett to bear out our assertion. The catalogue now before us contains an extensive assortment not only of what are popularly known as bedding plants, but also of stove and green- house plants—ferns, herbaceous plants, succulents, &e.; while the abundant testimony given throughout their pages of the satisfaction experienced by those who have obtained plants, will be a sufficient guarantee of the excellence of their stock ; for it will be borne in mind that cheap bedding plants may be very dear, if they are not well managed.
A Retail List of Beautiful and Rare Plants. Wm. Bull, Seed Plant Merchant, King’s Road, Chelsea, S.W.—An extensive catalogue of a very valuable col- lection, illustrated with numerous woodcuts, and a large frontispiece of Mr. Bull’s Winter Garden. Not only are there detailed descriptions of the many new and rare plants which Mr. Bull has introduced for the first time, but a large number of the most valuable introductions of recent years. No one desirous of adding to their collections should be without this very extensive and interesting catalogue.
Catalogue of Cheap Bedding Plants. Thomas Samp- son, Preston Street, Yeovil.— Mr. Sampson’s establish- ment is well known in the West of England for the marvellous cheapness and excellence of the bedding plants sent out from thence. We have here geraniums and other plants at 2s. per dozen; while others of a more valuable character, such as Mr. Sampson’s own seedling, Amazon, will attract the attention of growers.
Spring Catalogue. E. G. Henderson & Son, Wel- lington Road, St. John’s Wood, N.W.—A most excel- lent catalogue from a firm which has brought into notice some of the most valuable bedding plants that we have.
Notices to Correspondents.
B. T. asks how he is to prevent cockroaches in his orchid house. We can assure him, on the authority of Mr. Petch, the able gardener at Manley Hall, that Griffith Hughes’ Oriental Powder will completely eradicate them ; it is manufactured by the inventor at Cateaton Street, Manchester, and is very cheap. One or two doses is quite sufficient to clear the house infected by them.
PLATE 21. TRICHOPILIA FRAGRANS.
In sending to us a plant of this beautiful and rare orchid, our esteemed friend, Mr. James Backhouse, of York, says: “ No characteristic or even decent figure of it exists that we know of; the one in the Botanical Magazine so called, is possibly Zrichopilia albata; it has green instead of white sepals and petals, and the leaf half the size; it often blooms with two stems (one on each side), and the stems have three to five flowers each.”
“This genus,” says Mr. B. 8. Williams, in his Orchid Growers’ Manual, “ contains some very handsome and distinct plants; their flowers are curious in form, and are produced from the base of the pseudo-buds ; they are dwarf evergreen plants, and are best grown in pots with peat and good drainage, and should be elevated above the rim of the pot on account of their drooping flowers, which proceed from the base of the bulb. Too much water at the root at any time is highly injurious to them. They will do best in the Mexican House, and are propagated by dividing the plant.”
Trichopilia fragrans is a very lovely orchid, the colour being a pure white with a small yellow spot on the petals; it is also, as its name implies, sweet smelling, and we are sure that orchid-growers will agree with us as to its being a desirable plant to add to collections of these lovely flowers.
PLATE 22, AMARYLLIS—OLGA.
It is to us somewhat surprising that this beautiful class of plants is not more exten- sively cultivated, for their culture presents no great difficulty, and their gorgeous beauty cannot be questioned. We are enabled, through the kindness of C. Keiser, Esq., of Brox- bourne, who is an ardent and excellent grower of amaryllids, to figure this very beautiful seedling, named by pérmission after Her Majesty The Queen of Wirtemberg, and also to add the following note with which he has been kind enough to furnish us :—
“The Amaryllis in their dormant state are kept in a temperate house on or underneath a stage, without a drop of water. Karly in spring they ought to be repotted in loam mixed with some well-rotted leaf-manure (sifted), the pots well drained, all offsets (large enough) removed, taking care not to remove the outer skin, however loose; they are then placed in a temperate house near the glass, without watering, till they appear to move, and then only sparingly, but when in full force of vegetation they require plenty of water.
“As they are required for blooming they are put into a temperate or warm house. After blooming they require no artificial heat, but all the light, sun, and air possible, with occasional watering according to the vigour of their growth. When they have done blooming water should be withheld, and they placed in their winter resting-place.”
Such is the treatment which produces the fine plants exhibited at the Royal Horticul- tural Society ; but Mr. Keiser is also a raiser of seedlings, and O/ga is the result of a cross between Akermanni and Rubra Calamistrata. It is a very delicately marked flower, of good form and substance, and has received a first-class certificate from the Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society.
PLATE 23. DOUBLE VARIETIES OF CHINESE PRIMROSE.
We gave in our last number an illustration of some of the beautiful varieties of Chinese Primroses obtained from seed by Messrs. Stuart and Co. of Nice ; we now have the pleasure of adding one of their equally beautiful double varieties, and at the same time offering the method of cultivation which they have so successfully pursued :—
“The seeds are sown during the first fortnight in May, in shallow pans, and placed in a greenhouse. They soon vegetate, and whilst the seedlings are quite small they are potted out into 2-inch pots; when strong enough and well rooted, they are transferred to 34-inch pots, using a light, rich mixture of loam and leaf-mould. During the hot season the plants require great care in watering and shading, and occasionally a little weak liquid manure ; finally, during the month of October they are repotted into 5-inch pots, and commence blooming early in January, the flowers attaining great perfection and extraordinary richness of colour.”
The above is very much the plan adopted by our best English cultivators, the necessity for shading not being so great with us as in the brighter atmosphere of Nice; still it is a point that ought to be borne in mind by all who desire healthy plants. While all figured are very beautiful, we would especially draw attention to the crimson and magenta varieties, the intense deep colour of the former being especially remarkable; and we are assured by Messrs. Stuart that there is almost a certainty of such flowers being produced trom the seeds saved by them.
PLATE 24,
DRACAINA METALLICA.
In this highly decorative class of plants we meet with many different types, both as to colouring and growth ; in some we have erect, in others drooping, foliage; in others beauti- fully marked leaves, as in Dracena Lvcelsa, lately figured by us; and in others plain lustrous ones, as in that which we now figure; but all are strikingly beautiful, and are more and more valued for decorative purposes.
Dracena Metallica, which has been exhibited by Mr. Bull, of King’s Road, Chelsea, and for which he has obtained a first-class certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society, is of very robust habit, “ and is undoubtedly the finest of all the dark-coloured Draczenas ; the leaves are as much as sixteen inches in length, of an oblong-acuminate form, and, with the sheathing leaf-stalks, are of an uniform rich coppery purplish hue when young, becoming a dark purplish bronze when mature. The leaves are somewhat erect and arching, and alto- gether, taking into account their large size and their full and rich colouring, together with the free habit of growth, Dracena Metallica comes into the very foremost rank amongst decorative and exhibition plants. It has been imported from the Samoan Islands.”
We notice that not only has Mr. Bull these very beautiful Dracenas, but that other growers of plants are introducing them, so that we may expect to see them taking the high place they deserve as ornamental plants for the conservatory or house.
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JULY, 1872.
[No. 7.
EXHIBITIONS.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. June 5th, 6th, and 7th.
Tuis, with the exception of the Great Provincial Show to be held at Birmingham, is the most extensive one of the year held under the auspices of the Society, and was largely contributed to by the most celebrated nurserymen and amateurs who exhibit in or near the metropolis. In a show of so extensive a character, it were idle in our brief space to attempt an enumeration of the many points of interest and value it presented ; but where the magnificent plants of Mr. Baines, and pe- largoniums of Mr. Ward,Ferns,Orchids, Bulbs, and Stove plants from Williams, Jackson, Bull, Veitch and others, were to be seen, besides a tent full of cut flowers and fruit, it may well be considered that there was some- thing worth looking at. Yet, to our mind, there was a want of finish and taste in the arrangement of the tent, which was to be lamented. In the first place, the wood- work of the tent ought to have been green, not stone colour. Then, when one entered the tent and stood on the raised mound which was the “ coign of vantage,” there was a lumpiness about it that was very dif- ferent to what we saw at Manchester. There were here fine roses in pots and foliage plants in what we may call the aisles, hidden from this point of view, which might with advantage have been placed in the fore- ground, or middle foreground, while the pelargoniums that occupied the position might have taken their place. We should add that some foreigners entered into com- petition. Mr. A. Dalli¢re, of Ghent, sent some fine Dracenee, and Mr. Pfersdorff, of Paris, a choice collection of Cacti. The day was one of the finest we have had in this wet and cold season, and a very large number of people attended on the first day. The Fruit was the
finest we have seen at this season of the year for a long time.
REVIEW,
Botany for Beginners: an Introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwutt T. Masrmrs, M.D., F.R.S.
How true it is that only men who thoroughly know their subject can write simply, and never do scientific men confer a greater boon on the particular science
they follow than when they venture so to do, for, as the accomplished author of this little volume before us truly says, “one of the greatest difficulties in the way of those beginning to study Botany arises from the profusion of details usually presented to their notice at the outset.” And his book is an honest and successful attempt to encourage the study of his favourite science by making these details as interesting as pos- sible. We say successful, because in our own family these papers, as they appeared in the “ Gardeners’ Chronicle,” were perused with delight, and led to an earnest follow- ing out of the subject which other books failed to effect. The style in which the book is written is pleasing and attractive, while a reverent spirit, such as we would always wish to see shown in works of this kind, per- vades its pages, and, without dragging in religious topies, the author lets it be seen that his wish is to encourage his readers to regard the works of Creation as a testimony to Creation’s God. ‘O, si sic omnes!”
It would be impossible for us to enter into any de- tailed criticism of this charming little brochure, but we may give as an illustration of the author’s style and mode of treatment the following passage :—After allud- ing to the speculations as to the origin and distribution of plants, he says, page 89 :—“ The beginner, however, for whom these notes are penned, will be apt to say, ‘Such knowledge is too wonderful for me, I cannot attain unto it;’ but, in all humility be it spoken, he can attain unto it to a certain extent, and it is this very circumstance that should stimulate him to study God’s works as fully as the means at his disposal will permit. Let us not be misunderstood ; no amount of speculation, apart from the search for and accumulation of facts, will avail him aught, it will be so much waste labour and loss of time. His speculative faculty must be turned to account, not in framing mental fragments on a base- less foundation, but in divining the meaning and im- portance of the facts before him. This will be as fertile in good results as the other will be sterile. New facts and new aspects of old facts will continually arise before him, and if he never attain to the full fountain of knowledge, which is not for finite beings to hope for here, at least he will be always progressing, and extend- ing his knowledge of the marvels of Creation.” We may add that the book is profusely illustrated by wood- cuts, most of them from the facile pencil of our artist, Mr.Worthington G. Smith, and that it is “got up” in a very attractive manner.
14 THE FLORAL MAGAZINE.
Le Jardin du Hamma de la Société Générale Algérienne.
This pamphlet has been called forth by some observa- tions which seem to have been made against the present direction of the garden, under the care of M. Riviere, son of the accomplished director of the Garden of the Luxembourg, at Paris, and is a successful vindication of the management. It appears that the garden was in a very bad condition when handed over to the Society in 1868, that since then it has been completely remodelled, and that the three objects which it was stipulated should be carried out have been successfully achieved. It has been made a public promenade, has cultivated indigenous plants for distribution, and has also received many exotics which have become acclimatized and also distributed. Amongst other things we are glad to see that the fine collection of Bromeliads which had perished in the siege of Paris has been preserved in duplicate here.
jn Wemoriam. G. W. HOYLE, ESQ., READING.
TuERe has lately passed away from amongst us, at the age of seventy-one, a gentleman to whose skil and perseverance as a hybridizer the pages of the “ Floral Magazine” have been indebted for many of its most beautiful subjects, and to whom all lovers of the pelargonium owe a great deal of enjoyment, for to Mr. Hoyle, perhaps more than to any man, is the past improvement that has been made in the pelargoniums to be attributed. We say this, recollecting Mr. Foster, of Clewes, and Mr. Garth, of Farnham; and the simplest way to test this is by observing the varieties which take the place of honour at our exhibitions. It will be found that by far the greater portion are of Mr. Hoyle’s raising. Of late years Mr. Foster has got out of the narrow-petaled varieties, and his flowers now assume the round petals and form of Mr. Hoyle’s flowers. We re- member the enthusiasm with which our friend detailed, on a visit we paid him, his various specimens and those he hoped to obtain, and we were therefore much sur- prised to hear that he had abandoned his favourite pursuit; but so it was. Whether he considered that improvement could no further go, or that increasing age hindered him from following it out with his former energy, at any rate he thoroughly gave it up, and when we last saw him he was as enthusiastic over fungi as he had been over his pelargoniums.
Mr. Hoyle did not take up a public position as a horticulturist ; he wrote but little, did not exhibit
his own flowers, which always passed into Mr. Turner’s hands, and was another instance of the many we have known who combined a real hearty piety with a zealous love of flowers. His name will be gratefully re- membered by many who love the flowers he did so much for.
GEORGE LIGHTBODY, OF FALKIRK.
We had hardly penned our brief notice of Mr. Hoyle when we received from his family a notification of the death of an old and valued correspondent, Mr. Light- body, of Falkirk, one of the last surviving members of the old florists, who pursued with such untiring energy and skill the cultivation of florists’ flowers. He was not only a successful cultivator of the Tulip, Pink, Ranunculus, and Auricula, but the originator of many fine new varieties, especially of the two latter. His stock of Ranunculi comprised between three and four hundred named varieties, all of his own raising, while his Lord Clyde, Richard Headly, Star of Bethlehem, and other Auriculas, will always bear witness to his skill as a hybridizer. Latterly, owing to his infirm health, he had abandoned all bis cultures with the exception of the Auricula.
GARDEN ECONOMICS. LOOKER’S HOLLOW BRICK VENTILATOR.
AN ingenious contrivance for the admission of fresh air into garden frames, ground vineries, forcing pits, &c. The bricks are grooved and a sliding-board runs on the grooves, consequently air can be admitted partially ; or the whole of the apertures can be closed, as shown in the accompanying woodcuts. The price is reasonable, and we believe they will be found most useful in all such structures as Protectors, Acme Frames, &c. Itis not the fault of inventors if the gardening world are not supplied with helps to carry on their operations.
Natices to Correspondents.
Messrs. Cutbush and Son, Highgate.—The perpetual flowering dark clove carnation is likely to be a valuable addition to this class. W. H.—The geranium, although pretty, is too flimsy in texture.
We have many superior to it.
PLATE 25, CAMELLIA—SOUVENIR D’EMILE DEFRESNE.
There is no flower more generally admired than the Camellia, and indeed when we consider the perfection of its form, the substance of its petals, and the brilliant glossy character of its foliage, it seems to possess every requisite in a flower with the exception of perfume.
Although the Camellia is a hardy plant, and can be very easily grown, it is very often badly treated, and, as a necessary consequence, is often seen in a very unhealthy con- dition. It should be borne in mind that it is a plant that delights in a great deal of moisture and shade, and that if these can be afforded it under proper conditions, it is sure to do well. We are convinced that a great mistake is oftentimes made in overpotting and too frequently potting the Camellia. We have ourselves plants from Belgium, grown in nothing but vegetable mould in pots not more than seven inches across, and yet the plants must be twelve or fourteen years old. Under the ordinary treatment they would receive in this country, they would be in pots double the size ; it should be remembered that as it requires a good deal of moisture, there must be no defect in drainage, or the water sours the roots.
Souvenir d’ Emile Defresne is one of the striped varieties, the colour a brilliant red, and the stripes very distinct ; it has been exhibited several times, and our figure was taken from a bloom obligingly sent to us by Mr. William Paul, of the Nurseries, Waltham Cross, by whom it was exhibited in a very admirable collection shown by him at one of the spring shows of the Royal Horticultural Society.
PLATE 26.
ODONTOGLOSSUM DENISON i.
We have much pleasure in figuring this beautiful Orchid, which was exhibited by the Royal Horticultural Society and obtained a first-class certificate. Lord Londesborough, from whose splendid collection it came, is well known as a munificent patron of Orchids, and this fine Odontoglossum has been named in compliment to Lady Londesborough. We are enabled to add the following notes from Mr. Denning, his Lordship’s able and intelligent gardener.
“ Odontoglossum Denisone is a supposed natural hybrid between O. crispum and O. histriz ; it partakes of the latter variety in shape of flower and length of spike, also in the general contour of the plant, and of the former variety in colour only ; in fact, it appears to be a white histrix. It was imported amongst a batch of O. Alexandre or crispum, by the Messrs. Backhouse, of York, from whom Lord Londesborough secured it about three years ago. At that time it only declared itself to be something distinct, but each succeeding year cultivation has proved it to be a real acquisition. It will be observed that it unites also the variety of crispum called Bluntii. O.crispum is divided into two or more sections, of which— First, O. Alexandre is the most admired one: this is the variety having the pure white sepals and petals with a white lip, an orange throat and various eccentric crimson markings; in some varieties this form becomes as regular as a florist’s flower is supposed to be. Second, O. Bluntii is similar to O. Alexandre, but the crimson markings are extended to the sepals and petals. Third, O. Andersoni, the markings in which are elongated, not round, as in the two previous varieties, seeming to be a cross with O. gloriosum. In the case of the variety in question, it combines all the above peculiarities, with the exception of the 0. Andersom type. With the additional traits of O. histriv or luteo-purpureum, in having branching spikes of flowers and the peculiar long tapering sepals and petals of this latter variety, it also grows much stronger than O. crispum is usually seen to do.”
PLATE 27. AURICULA—ALDERMAN WISBEY.
It is a great satisfaction to those who admire florists’ flowers to find that they are once again assuming the position they formerly deservedly occupied—especially is this the case with the Auricula. It has been exhibited this year in large numbers, and wherever exhibited has attracted the attention and elicited the admiration of all who have seen the collections that have been staged.
The difficulty of raising fine varieties is so great, that the catalogues of Auriculas contain but little change from year to year, and as confirmatory of this statement, we may say that our esteemed friend Mr. George Lightbody, who has just passed away from amongst us, although he has been a raiser of the Auricula for forty years, has not left more than half a dozen varieties of his own raising which will find a permanent place in our catalogues. Another raiser and grower is Mr. Richard Headly of Stapleford; he too has for a lifetime been engaged in the same pursuit, and has raised the finest Auricula in growth (George Lightbody), but has only raised a few really valuable varieties. His stock has lately passed into the hands of Mr. Charles Turner, of the Royal Nursery, Slough, and by his per- mission we have been enabled to figure one of his latest seedlings. It belongs to a class (the green-edged section) in which we are somewhat deficient, and in nearly every point it fulfils the requirements of a first-rate Auricula—the green edge is especially bright, the paste is good, and the eye circular ; it has, however, one defect, a sight roughness on the edge, but it is almost impossible to find an Auricula perfect in every respect.
PLATE 28. MASDEVALLIA LINDENI.
There are few varieties of Orchids which have received more important additions of late years than Masdevallia; and we have endeavoured from time to time, as they have been in- troduced, to present accurate portraits of them. In our former series there appeared Mas- devallia Veitchii (p. 481) and MW. Harryana, (p. 555,) named so by Professor Reichenbach in honour of Mr. Harry J. Veitch; while in our present series we have already figured Masde- vallia ignea, remarkable not only for its brilliancy of colour, but its singular form. .
Masdevallia Lindeni, the subject of our present plate, is the most marvellously brilliant- coloured one of any that have been yet introduced. We say “yet,” because it is said that we may expect many more. Nothing can exceed its lovely brilliant magenta colour, and when exhibited at South Kensington it immediately attracted the attention of all present. It was sent over from Brussels by M. Linden, the enthusiastic grower who has done so much to enrich our gardens in every department, and especially in the family of Orchids, and who received unanimously from the Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society a first-class cer- tificate. Like those of the family which have already been figured, it is an Orchid of com- paratively easy cultivation, and is very lasting, the blooms remaining in perfection for some weeks, and as they succeed one another, the plant is rarely for long out of bloom.
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NEW SERIES.]
AUGUST, 1872.
[No. 8.
EXHIBITIONS.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY’S GREAT PROVINCIAL SHOW, Bremincuam, June 24-29,
We have had a long and general experience of Horti- cultural Exhibitions, both at home and abroad; we have a vivid recollection of our Great International one held in London; we have seen them at Paris, where all these things were supposed to be so much better done than with us, and we do not hesitate to pronounce the Exhibition held at Birmingham, under the auspices of the Royal Horticultural Society, to have been the most complete one that we have ever seen. Others may have had features of more striking aspects: we missed, for example, the grand masses of Azaleas and Pelargoniums that made so marked a feature at the International; but then it had features of its own which none of the others had—the Table Decorations, the large show of cut flowers, the fruit and vegetables, the vast collection of horticultural appliances of all kinds, from greenhouses to garden-knives, a!l combined to form a most complete show. Only one element was needed to insure complete success, and alas! that element was wanting for the two first days of the show. The weather was most wretched ; the rain descended in torrents. As the walks were freshly gravelled, anything more deplorable than the state of the ground cannot he imagined. In a show of such magnitude it would be impossible for us to do more than merely chronicle the event, and when we add that nearly all the Metropolitan exhibitors of eminence, Messrs. Veitch, Williams, Turner, Jackson, Rollison, Baines, &c., were there, that a very large number also came from the neighbourhood of Birmingham, Manchester, and the Midland counties generally, and that in one class alone there were upwards of fifty entries, it will be seen that it is no exaggeration to describe it as the most complete Exhibition ever held. A great deal of the success was due to the indefatigable exertions of the Hon. Secretary at Birmingham, Mr. E. W. Badger, whose energy, skill in organization, and attention to minute details, and courtesy, were beyond all praise.
CRYSTAL PALACE ROSE SHOW, July 18th.
Ow1ne to the very unfavourable nature of the weather in May and the early part of June, it was determined to postpone the Rose Show announced for June 22 to
the above date, and it was feared by manythat, owing to the hot weather we have lately experienced, it would not be so successful as those of previous years. We are glad to say that these fears were not realized, and that, as far as the growers for sale are concerned, they never came out in greater force, or exhibited finer roses. It is curious to see how certain roses come out im different years, as, par excellence, the roses of the season ; last year La France and General Jacqueminot were finer than we ever recollect seeing them. This year Alford Colomb and Baroness Rothschild were pre-eminently good, and of the prizes offered for the best twelve blooms of any one rose, they carried off the palm ; and moreover, in every stand in which they were exhibited, they were to be seen in fine condition. We noticed that several new roses of English origin were exhibited, and amongst them some which we think are likely to take a good position. One exhibited by Mr. Curtis, of Torquay, and called Bessie Johnson, is said to be a sport from Abel Grand; very light in colour, almost white, and therefore we think likely to be an acquisition. Another, a very dark rose, exhibited by Messrs. Paul and Son, of Cheshunt, and called Rey- nolds-Hole, seems to us to be a very fine dark variety. Both of these received first-class certificates, and the latter we hope to figure by-and-by. Besides the roses, there were, as usual, several miscellaneous collections, and conspicuous amongst them some very beautiful cut blooms of carnations and picotees, exhibited by Mr. Charles Turner, of Slough. We are glad to hear that these flowers are once again becoming popular, for they are exceedingly beautiful, and a collection well grown gives a vast deal of pleasure. There was a large dis- play of table decorations, most of them in good taste, although we think that the desire to be simple had led to poverty of appearance. Altogether the Exhibition was a very successful one, and was attended by a large number of visitors.
THE ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
Dr. Hooker anp Mr. Ayrton.
No one, however small their influence, who is connected with the horticultural world, or who has any sense of that which is just and becoming, ought to be silent concerning the extraordinary treatment to which our
16 THE FLORAL MAGAZINE,
most eminent botanist, the worthy son of a worthy father, has been subjected by our British Aldile. It is sufficient to put the names in juxtaposition, and all who are acquainted with them will at once know on which side right is most likely to be. All who know anything of Dr. Hooker know him to bea man of eminent ability, of unfailing courtesy, and untiring energy. No one who knows anything of Mr. Ayrton from his public utterances, will accuse him either of ability or courtesy ; and it is therefore no wonder that, when the annoy- ances and vexations to which Dr. Hooker has been subjected have so far worked on him as to make-him speak of resignation, men of all parties should at once be filled with alarm, and have no hesitation in placing the blame where it is justly due. Kew Gardens is one of our most cherished national institutions—a place of which every Englishman may be proud; and to equal which he would in vain travel east and west, north and south. Could not, then, Mr. Ayrton—in whose case we must reverse the Latin saying, -“ Quod zon tetigit, ornavit,” and whose boast it is that- he cares nothing about art and gardeners—have left this alone, instead of bringing his meddlesome fussiness to bear upon it ? We trust, however, that the storm of indignation which the matter has aroused may have the effect of set- ting matters right, and that Dr. Hooker may be left in the peaceful occupation which he has been engaged in under various Governments, for the good of science, and the enjoyment of vast numbers of the inhabitants of our great metropolis, to whom Kew Gardens are a veritable boon. We are glad to find that energetic measures are being taken, and we hope that the matter may soon be set at rest.
THE ORIGIN OF GLOIRE DE DIJON ROSE.
“Ty you were enabled to grow only one rose, what would you select?” is an inquiry often made, and I believe in many cases the answer would be ‘‘ Gloire de Dijon ;” it is so vigorous, does so well on any stock, in any situation, on a wall, as a standard, forced, or in any way, that it is, par excellence, the rose for all, and yet it is remark- able that it is entirely a chance seedling. We were recently paying a visit to that quaint old French town of the Bourbonnais, Dijon, and, amongst other things, went to see M. Henri Jacotot, who was the raiser and sender-out of the flower, and he assured us that he could tell nothing about it, that it came up amongst a number of seedlings raised from seed promiscuously sown, and that he had not the slightest idea of its parentage ; and it is a remarkable fact that the same may be said
of our best roses, while those who have taken the trouble to hybridize have scarcely seen any result worth noticing. Mr. Ward, the raiser of John Hopper (of which he did know the parents), has never equalled it, although he has most carefully hybridized ever since, and it is a curious fact that Jacotot has never sent out another rose worth mentioning.
REVIEW,
The Rose Amateur’s Guide, §c. By Tuomas Rivers. Tenth Edition. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
THE book which we now criticize is so well known in the rose-growing community, and its venerable author so honoured as the man who, par excellence, has given the greatest stimulus to his favourite flower that it has ever received, that many remarks on the excellence and practical character of the book would be super- fluous; and while Mr. Rivers is, in one sense, a /awdator temports acti, white with pardonable pride he points back to what was done in times past, he is yet so practical that he does not hesitate to acknowledge the onward march of progress. He would not say old Brown Bess was a superior weapon to the Henry- Martini rifle, and so he details new methods of cultiva- tion, improvements on old flowers, and does not hesitate to discard old favourites when better flowers have sup- planted them; and the whole character of his book may be gathered from this concluding sentence of his preface :—“ A practical cultivator, in writing on culti- vation, labours under a disadvantage. He almost obstinately supposes that every one must know some- thing relative to these, with him, every-day opera- tions. He is apt, therefore, not to go suificiently into detail. I have strenuously combated this feeling, and humbly trust that what I have written on the subject will be found sufficiently explicit.” We have only to add that all who grow even a few roses should, if they have it not already, possess themselves of Mr. Rivers’ valuable little guide.
METROPOLITAN FLORAL SOCIETY.
Twn third exhibition, to be held at the Crystal Palace on the 28th inst., promises to be the most successful the Society has yet held, and will have the additional interest of a Fruit Show.
PLATE 29,
FANCY PANSIES—JAMES NEILSON, LADY ROSS, JOHN B. DOWNIE, AND DAVID MITCHELL.
The progress which has taken place in this very beautiful class under the fostering care of Messrs. Downie, Laird and Laing, is very remarkable. In looking back on former volumes, where they were figured, and when indeed great strides were considered to have been already made, and comparing them with those figured in our present plate, this progress is at once manifest; in regularity of form, in brilliancy of colour, and especially in size, they have ad- vanced immensely, and may in all these points take rank with those long known as florists’ pansies. During the present season large numbers of them have been exhibited by the firm to whose kindness we are indebted for the opportunity of figuring the very beautiful varieties in our plate.
James Neilson (fig. 1) is a flower of large size; the ground colour a rich bright yellow with large intense black blotches in the lower petals, both they and the upper petals being lightly edged with lilac. Lady Ross (fig. 2) has intense deep purple top petals; the lower petals being of the same colour, and margined with white, and the eye deep orange. John BL. Downie (fig. 3) is a remarkably coloured flower, a light puce, of regular outline, and the edge of the petals margined with a lighter shade of the same colour. David Mitchell (fig. 4) is a very curious flower, the upper petals claret, with a margin of straw colour; the lower petals with deep blotches of the-sanre colour running off in slight rays towards the margin, which is curiously blended with orange, straw colour, and puce. ~This flower is the quaintest and most novel of those figured, although all are well worthy of cultivation.
PLATE 30. AZALEA—BEAUTY OF SURREY.
We are glad to recognise and record the fact that our English growers of this beautiful spring flower have not abandoned the raising of seedlings, notwithstanding the number which have been raised and brought forward on the Continent, and introduced into England by the Belgian growers. We last year figured one of Mr. Ivery’s, and now have the pleasure of figuring one raised by the Messrs. Smith, of Dulwich, to whom we are indebted for some of the finest Azaleas that we possess.
It would seem that the Belgian growers have rather, in their raising of new seedlings, considered size and brillancy of colour, while our English raisers have aimed at per- fection of form; thus the Belgian flowers exhibited this season were much more open and flat, while larger in size than we are accustomed to see here, and no doubt to the casual observer they are more striking and brilliant.
The flower we now figure was exhibited by the Messrs. F. and A. Smith, of Dulwich, at one of the spring shows of the Royal Horticultural Society, and was awarded a first-class certificate by the Floral Committee. Large and small plants of it were exhibited together, and we were particularly struck with its free flowering character, plants not eight inches high being full of bloom. It will be seen to be very round and regular, the outline of the petals being very perfect, while on all the plants exhibited we did not seea single blotched flower— a remarkable point in a white Azalea, as they are apt, in florists’ language, to sport. This constancy gives the flower an additional value.
PuATE 31. HYACINTH EXCELSIOR.
The prizes that are annually offered by the Royal Horticultural Society for new Hyacinths have been the means frequently of bringing out some remarkable novelties, although, as we have frequently stated, nothing can be more delusive; for owing to the difficulty of their propagation, a great many years must elapse before they can be generally grown, and even the present generation may not see them so cheapened as to be within the reach of the general mass of growers. This season, however, there were no very great novelties introduced, possibly because there is very great difficulty in obtaining flowers that are in advance of those we already possess. Very few flowers of the last twenty years surpass the Grand Vanaquier, Grand Vedette, Waterloo, Orondates, &c., that former genera- tions knew and grew.
Among the flowers exhibited by the Messrs. Veitch there was one which, from the novelty of its colouring, seemed an advance, and which consequently received a first- class certificate from the Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society, and which we now figure. vcelsior has a fine large spike of flowers, the individual pips being small, but, as they are very numerous, they form a dense head of bloom. The colour is a very delicate fawn, each segment of the flower being tipped with crimson, and growers of the Hyacinth know that while red, blue, and white flowers are numerous and good, those of the shades of yellow and anything approaching thereto are comparatively scarce—hence the variety should be a valuable addition to the class.
Puate 32. CATTLEYA MENDELI.
It was our privilege, at the time of the Manchester National Show, to visit the gardens of Samuel Mendel, Esq., at Manley Hall—a place which has not its equal in the whole kingdom in its own peculiar way. There are places of greater extent, and gardens containing probably a larger extent of ground; but for the amount of glass and the value of the collections con- tained in the houses, we believe it to be approached by no other place in the kingdom. Under the able superintendence of Mr. Petch, everything is in the highest state of order ; no part seems to suffer neglect, and the frames of Auriculas and beds of Pansies seem equally to share his attention with the magnificent coilection of Orchids and the lovely exotic Ferns.
In passing through the Orchid houses, our attention was attracted by a Cattleya which was not only new to us, but for its beauty seemed to surpass most of those with which we were acquainted, and through the kindness of Mr. Petch we are enabled to figure it.
Cattleya Mendeli, named after the generous patron of horticulture who has been the first to flower it, was received from the Messrs. Backhouse and Son; of York, by Mr. Mendel. They had obtained it from their collector in New Grenada, 200 or 300 miles up the Magda- lena River, and, we believe, a region from whence Trianz Cattleya has been before sent. The flower is very large, the petals and sepals of the most delicate lavender-blue, and the lip deep brownish crimson and yellow; and, although we have figured many varieties of Orchids, we do not think that it has fallen to our lot to figure a more beautiful one than Cattleya Mendeli.
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SEPTEMBER, 1872.
[No. 9.
EXHIBITIONS.
Att the great Metropolitan Exhibitions are now over, and the period of Country Shows is at hand. With regard to the former, we believe them, on the whole, to have been eminently successful. It is manifest that the zeal of horticulturists is in no way diminishing; that the rage for novelties increases; and that no great change can be made in the method of conducting our Exhibitions. Two days’ shows have been held, but we do not think they will answer. We visited the Royal Horticultural Society’s great June Show on the second day, and the attendance of visitors was very small, while growers of orchids and stove plants do not care to give them the exposure involved in so long an absence from their quarters. Amongst the most noticeable exhibits which have been brought forward during the month was the collection of variegated Pelargoniums on August 7th, but a great mistake is made in fixing so late a period for them ; they ought not to be exhibited later than Mav, when the young growth, which is the most highly coloured, covers the plant; later on the colours are not nearly so brilliant. Some new varieties were brought forward, but, with rare exceptions, there is but little novelty in them, and the same coloured leaves might be easily gathered from plants of the older varietics. The collection of Phloxes exhibited on the same occasion by Messrs. Downie, Laird, and Laing was very beautiful, and showed how much they were capable of as pot plants. They had suffered a little by the severe storms which have been so prevalent. The surprise and admi- ration expressed by many of the visitors showed how very little this beautiful tribe is cultivated in comparison with its merits.
The Exhibition on the 20th August brought together some fine collections of Gladiolus, those of Messrs. Kelway and Son, and Mr. Douglas being especially noteworthy ; both of these growers had some fine seedlings of their own raising, while amongst the older flowers, Meyerbeer, Norma, Adolphe Brongniart, Virgile, Rosa Bonheur, Orphée, were conspicuous for their beauty. Amongst those of the present season, Jupiter is a fine rich flower of very high colour; Antiope, a beautifully marked one, somewhat in the style of De Candolle; Celiméne, a richly marked orange-scarlet variety. On the mag- nificent exhibition of this splendid flower at the Metro- politan Floral Society’s show, and on the new flowers, we shall have further remarks to make next month.
}
At Taunton, on August 8th, we had a good opportunity of seeing how earnest the people of the west are in their flower-shows, The Exhibition itself was most creditable ; the plants were, many of them, quite equal to those around the metropolis, while the display of roses and eladioli was excellent. But it was not so much the Ex- hibition itself that attracted our attention as the manner in which it was taken up by the inhabitants and gentry around. Had it been a royal visit the town could not have been more profusely decorated, while by all the families around it was evidently considered the one day in the year which they ought to endeavour to make a success. The day was remarkably fine, and thus financially it was as successful as it was in other respects. We wish all parts of England would take a lesson from the Somersetshire horticulturists, for we should not then have to deplore such very ineffective and struggling exhibi- tions as we have. It is of little use people professing a desire to forward them, unless they work as the Secretary and Committee of the Taunton Deane Horticultural Society worked.
GARDEN ECONOMICS. CHAPMAN’S PATENT PLANT CASE.
Mr. W. F. Cuarman, the inventor of the cut-flower transmission case, which has proved so great a boon to exhibitors, is determined to leave no stone unturned to make his invention as widely useful as possible. Thus the difficulty of bringing plants to an Exhibition fer table decorations has led him to invent a new ease, in which he has endeavoured to meet this want. The pots are fixed in their places by pieces of wood which run in parallel grooves, one piece catching the pot near the bottom, the other holding it fast at the rim; it is thus impossible to cause any injury to them; in fact, we saw Mr. Chapman turn the box completely over, and the pot remained immovable. We think that it may be made specially useful for the conveyance of Auriculas, Pansies, Polyanthus, and such like plants, which are exhibited in pots, but which often suffer from the rough manner in which railway porters treat all such things.
18 THE FLORAL MAGAZINE.
THE BEST WAY OF HEATING A SMALL GREENHOUSE.
Now that the question of coals becomes a serious one for those who have what is called “limited means” (for who has unlimited means we are at a loss to know), it may be worth while to say a few words on a question we have been asked by a correspondent—viz., What is the best method of heating a small house for an amateur, say twenty feet by twelve? Hot water is, of course, the pleasantest and most healthy heat for plants, but we hardly suppose that in a house of that size it is intended to keep up a constant supply of heat for forcing, but that the object is simply to exclude frost. In that case we should not advise hot water. If the pipes are not constantly in use they are apt to corrode, and damage frequently happens, while no hot-water apparatus that we have ever seen was so small as not to involve a great waste of fuel when applied to a house of thiskind. We are therefore of opinion that the old-fashioned fireplace, with a brick flue, is the cheapest, and is certainly as effective as any. In our case we have a modification of this. We have a brick flue for about six feet from the fireplace, and then we carry it on with glazed earthen- ware pipes, taking care that a sufficient rise is given to enable the smoke to ascend easily. Care must be taken to see that the elbows do not become choked with soot, and they should consequently be looked to occasionally. We would say that there is no greater mistake than that which some amateurs make, to keep up a heat in their house when there is no frost. Such greenhouses generally contain a miscellaneous collection of plants, to which such treatment is very injurious, It is best to keep them as hardy as one can, and then they will be better able to withstand cold ; whereas if they are kept in a state of tenderness by fire-heat they very readily succumb to the least touch of frost. The common fireplace has also the advantage of burning any kind of fuel; in fact we, after the fire is lighted, rarely burn anything but cinders, and this at the present high price of fuelis a great advantage.
IVY AS A DECORATION IN SITTING ROOMS.
We have frequently seen this used very effectively in large rooms, ornamental narrow boxes being filled with earth and then a light wire trellis being fixed to them, on which the ivy runs. These placed on tables in window recesses form a pleasant screen, always fresh and green, <A writer in the Gardener's Magazine suggests their employment for the filling up of fireplaces, in lieu of the paper ornaments now used. ‘The box should be made the size of the opening—the trellis made to slant backwards, the ivy planted in spring, and the box kept in the greenhouse or some outhouse until wanted ; flowering plants might also be introduced into the boxes in front of the ivy, and altogether we think it would have a pleasing effect.
REVIEW,
The Young Collector’s Handy-book of Recreative Science. By the Rev. H. P. Dunster, M.A. Reeve and Co.
Turis is a companion volume to one we noticed some months since (No, 1, New Series), and is designed, as stated in the preface, “to introduce young persons of both sexes to the study of some of the many interesting subjects ineluded within the large circle of the recreative sciences.” The author further remarks that “in the life of every individual—even the busiest and best em- ployed—there are hours of leisure to be rescued from idleness, interludes that ought not to be given over to listlessness and inactivity, for which a most pleasurable occupation may be found in the wide field of nature, amidst the created wonders of the living God.” In- tended as a “ Recreatire” companion rather than a working scientific treatise, it would be hardly fair to subject it to a strictly scientific test. That it will prove a useful, agreeable, and instructive companion to any young person disposed to adopt it we have already lad proof. It treats of Fossils; Minerals and Precious Stones; Land and Coast Shells; Beach Stones, Pebbles and Beach Fossils; and Fresh and Saltwater Aquaria. FF. eS:
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
Messrs. Sutton’s Catalogue of Fresh Imported Bul- bous Flower Roots, Plants, Seeds, &e.—Prepared with much care, and containing plain and practical hints for the cultivation of the various bulbs. Annexed there are also select and useful lists of such flower-seeds as it is desirable to sow at this season of the year. The well- known character of the firm is a sure guarantee for the excellence of their stock.
Messrs. Veitch and Son’s Catalogue of Hyacinth and other Bulbous Roots.—An excellent catalogue, contain- ing amongst other things a good selection of Gladioli— a flower which is coming rapidly into favour, and de- servedly so, for its exceeding beauty ; it is very largely illustrated with small but accurate figures of the flowers recommended.
Messrs. Carter and Co.’s Catalogue of Dutch Flower Roots, &c.—No house goes so extensively as this into the trade for Dutch roots, and their catalogue is a most valuable help to the amateur who is desirous of growing bulbs successfully.
Dutch Flower Roots. From A. Arthur Dickson and Sons, 106, Eastgate Street, Chester—A neat and well arranged list by one of our best provincial firms.
Catalogue of Hyacinths, &. Messrs. James Cutbush and Sons, Highgate.-—Mr. Cutbush is well known for his success as an exhibitor, and is justly proud that nearly all the first prizes for Hyacinths at our great London shows have been obtained by bulbs supplied by him.
General Bulb Catalogue. B. S. Williams, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Holloway.—A good catalogue, containing also an extensive selection of fruit trees and roses, the latter well arranged and described.
PLATE 33. LILIUM CALIFORNICUM.*
It has very much surprised us that the cultivation of this charming tribe of plants has not become more general. Some species, such as Auratum and Lancifolium are largely cultivated, and nothing can be more lovely than they are; but there is an immense number of species that we very rarely see; and although very liberal prizes have been offered by the Council of the Royal Horticultural Society, no competition has taken place. Some fine plants have been exhibited by George F. Wilson, Esq., but as he is a member of Council he is prevented from taking prizes.
We have had the opportunity of seeing Mr. Wilson’s collection of Lilies at his residence, Heatherbank, Weybridge Heath, and one is not likely to forget the exceeding beauty and grandeur of his masses of Lilium auratum planted out amongst the Rhododendrons. This seems to be exactly the place suited for them, and the foliage of the shrubs gives a slight protection to the young shoots; other kinds are grown in pots in the orchid houses. Mr. Wilson is enthusiastically devoted to their culture, and is constantly adding new species to his collection.
Lilium Californicum is a native of California, and is a very beautiful species, the colours being arich orange, densely spotted with brownish-black spots. It was exhibited by Mr. Wilson, to whom we are indebted for the opportunity of figuring it, and was awarded a first-class certificate by the Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society.
Puate 34, COLEUS TRYONTL.
The introduction some years ago of some new species of Coleus, through the enterprise of the late Mr. John G. Veitch, led to a great improvement in the class as decorative plants, while a few years later a still more decided advance was made, when the beautiful golden- edged varieties were raised, and their value for ornamenting the stages of the conservatory and for the decoration of the dinner-table was at once perceived. Although the great rage has subsided, and the very extravagant prices then given can never be looked for again, they still are much used for these purposes, and nothing can be more beautiful than small plants of Her Majesty, Princess Royal, Baroness Rothschild, and others of the same character.
Tn all these varieties the golden variegation is confined to the edge, the centre of the leaves being of various shades of maroon. In the variety which we now figure, and which was raised in the garden of Capt. Tryon, near Leicester, after whom it has been named, it will be seen that the variegation is of an entirely different character, the upper half of the leat’ being maroon, and the lower half golden, giving it a very beautiful appearance. It was exhibited last year at the Royal Horticultural Society, and obtained a first-class certificate. It has again been shown this year, and the high character given to it last year was fully sustained.
Nothing can be easier than the cultivation of these varieties of Coleus, but it must be remembered that they require a stove in the winter, being natives of the South Pacific Islands.
* Named on plate L. Washingtonianum, under which name it has also been described.
Puate 35.
LYCASTE SKINNERI ALBA, AND NIGRO-RUBRA.
Amongst the many species of Orchids which have been introduced of late years, few are more generally acceptable than Lycaste Skinnert. The facility with which it can be grown, the length of time that the individual flowers continue in bloom, and the infinite variety of its markings, all entitle it to a high place amongst decorative plants. It can be easily removed to the sitting-room without injury, thus becoming valuable for many purposes.
Amongst those who have most largely imported and most successfully cultivated this charming Orchid, is the firm of Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, and a visit to their Lycaste house when the plants are in bloom is a great treat. A collection of florists’ flowers cannot exhibit a greater variety in marking than do the Lycastes, while their large rich pendent leaves impart an air of luxuriant vegetation which florists’ flowers cannot do.
We have selected two for our illustration. Lycaste Skhinnert alba (fig. 1) is a pure white, without marking of any kind, with the exception of a pale faint tinge of yellow. Lycaste Skinneri nigro-rubra (fig. 2) has the sepals pale lilac, while the lip is intense dark crimson, forming a remarkable contrast to the pure white of alba. The former of these has obtained a first-class certificate.
These Lycastes succeed well in a house where the temperature does not exceed 60°, and which is dry and light, not requiring, as some Orchids do, shade and moisture.
PLATE 36. HIBISCUS (Rosa sinensis) MINIATUS SEMIPLENUS.
This genus contains already many very ornamental plants, both hardy and stove and greenhouse, and the species Hosa sinensis, or Chinese rose, has been known for upwards of a hundred years to our botanists and gardeners, both in its single and double varieties. This, which has been introduced by Mr. William Bull, of the King’s Road, Chelsea, will suc- cessfully vie with any of those previously known.
“This remarkably showy stove plant, says Mr. Bull, in his carefully drawn up and beautifully illustrated catalogue, “has firm and leathery ovate leaves, which are coarsely toothed, and brilliant flowers of a vermilion scarlet colour, darker towards the base of the petals. The flowers are semi-double, the petals being very much waved and recurved, forming an irregular undulated mass, four inches across, from which the partially petaloid staminal column projects two inches. These brilliant and attractive flowers are remarkable for the absence of formality, the shape being wild and abounding in fantastic curves, but neverthe- less they are remarkably handsome. It has been imported from the South Sea Islands.”
The propagation of this species is simple enough. Young shoots should be placed in sandy soil under a bell-glass, and then placed in bottom heat; after they have struck they should be potted off in small 48-sized pots, in a mixture of peat and loam, with the addition of some silver sand. The ordinary temperature of a stove suits them. ‘They are best adapted for large houses of that character, as they grow rapidly, and soon form large orna- mental shrubs, when they are very attractive.
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THE FLORAL MAGAZINE.
NEW SERIES.]
OCTOBER, 1872.
[No. 10.
EXHIBITIONS.
METROPOLITAN FLORAL SOCIETY—THIRD GREAT EXHIBITION. CrystaL Paracn, August 28th and 29th.
TuIs was a most successful exhibition, and we have never seen autumn flowers in greater perfection,—while all the arrangements were made with that care and considera- tion which always mark the Crystal Palace shows. The principal features were Gladiolus, Dahlias, and Holly- hocks ; although Asters, Roses, and Verbenas contributed to make the display rich and varied. Of Gladiolus, Messrs. Kelway and Son sent a stand containing between five and six hundred blooms, beside those which they staged for the prize for thirty-six, which easily fell to their share. The stands contributed by amateurs were exceedingly creditable, in fact we do not believe three such stands of twelve as those exhibited by Lord Hawke, Mr. Douglas, and the Rev. H. H. Dombrain have ever been shown—near London at any rate; the stand of six, of the Rev. J. G. Hodgson, of Croydon, was also re- markably fine. There can be no doubt that this flower is increasing in popularity, and were it not for the disease to which it is unfortunately subject, it would be still more popular. Dahlias were wonderfully good; there was not merely size but great refinement in their growth, and great purity in their marking. Mr. Keynes, of Salisbury, and Mr. May, of Bedale in Yorkshire, extreme south and north of England, coming into close competi- tion, and the victory resting with the southern grower, who now after fifty years of exhibiting retires from the field, leaving it to younger hands to carry on that which he so actively carried on for half a century. We believe that we shall still see him as an exhibitor of Roses and seedling Dahlias, but as an exhibitor of the latter he now retires from the lists for competition. Hollyhocks, especially those staged by Lord Hawke, and Mr. Chater, of Saffron Walden, were wonderful specimens of skill. Mr. Perry, of Castle Bromwich, was as usual strong in Verbenas ; while the Roses contributed by Mr. Prince, of Oxford, were beyond question the finest we ever saw at an autumn show—in fact Mr. P. seems to be intro- ducing a new era into rose-crowing; these roses were all cut from plants budded on seedling briars. We know that the French nurserymen have long used them for Tea Roses, and now it would seem that they will come into use for exhibition roses, A most wondrously beautiful
box of Clemence Raoux was sent by Mr. Prince, the strikingly beautiful markings of this rose being very fully shown in the blooms.
It was determined to try and revive the Autumn Fruit Show in connexion with this exhibition; but owing to the very exceptional character of the season, all out-of- door fruits being so very scarce, the attempt was not very successful. We hope to see it under more favour- able auspices next year.
BRIGHTON FLORICULTURAL EXHIBITION. September 11th.
Tuts was also a great success; but our principal reason in noticing it, is to show the value of Chapman’s Patent Cases. We sent two large boxes containing twenty-four blooms of Gladiolus ; they were entrusted to the tender mercies of two railways, yet so admirable is this plan of packing them, that the flowers were so little injured that they took the first prize; and when we received the boxes back, nearly a week afterwards, the blooms were still 7m si¢z, and some of the upper flowers were still pre- sentable! They are unquestionably a great boon to exhibitors.
KEW GARDENS.
Tue controversy that has unfortunately arisen respecting the management of these gardens, induced us after an absence of some years to pay them a visit last month, and we must say, that after having had recently the opportunity of paying a visit to some of the foreign scientific establishments, it was with some feeling of pride that we went through this great establishment ; the order and neatness were not more conspicuous than the extent of the collections, while the combination of popular gardening shown in the bedding-out was ex- cellent,—it is here in fact that the great danger lies, an unscientific head of a department will hardly feel so much interest, for example, in a thoroughly accurately labelled collection of succulents, as he will in a gorgeous display of bedding plants, and may possibly be inclined to subordinate the scientific to the popular. No greater calamity could possibly happen to Kew than this, for not only in this country but abroad, it holds the very highest place in the estimation of scientific botanists, Collections are to be met with here,which no other botanic
20 ; THE FLORAL MAGAZINE.
garden can hope to parallel; and it is to be earnestly hoped that it will continue to enjoy under the care of the present Director the high position it held for so many years under his illustrious father; and we trust that the well nigh universal testimony as to the necessity of such maintenance may prevent any further interference with a management which is so evidently calculated to promote the continued efficiency of our national botanic gardens.
A FEW HINTS ON SPRING GARDENING.
Tue fact that owing to the extension of the bedding-out system the flower borders were for so many months empty, led to the attempt of making them gay in the spring months with other plants. Some have tried it with bulbs, and those who live in the metropolis have an opportunity of seeing how effective this is in Hyde Park ; others have used a few common-flowering plants, and Mr. Quilters, of Aston Park, Birmingham, is the best example we know of what can be done, both in extent and variety, by a few simple plants, as he only uses varieties of the double daisy, pansies, and golden feather pyrethrum, and one or two other small things. But these plans both involve a good deal of trouble, and, in small gardens, would take up too much space; we there- fore would advise a combination of the two, having some beds of bulbs—bearing in mind that we cannot have the crocus, hyacinth, and tulip in bloom together—and some beds of flowering plants; some annuals, such as Nemophila insignis, and Silene pendula, come in ad- mirably for the purpose; while those who have mixed borders will always have in the spring months a number of interesting plants in bloom. In planting bulbs it is desirable to place them thickly in the beds; they have not a great deal of foliage, and if they are planted thinly they look poor and mean; it is, then, better to have smaller beds or groups well filled, than larger beds where the bulbs are sparse. It should be remembered too that we must not sacrifice the summer garden for the spring display— we mean, not to leave the plants or bulbs used for it so long in the ground as to interfere with the planting out of the geraniums, &c., intended to make the garden gay through the summer months. In growing bulbs let not the charming little Scilla be forgotten: its lovely blue colour and dwarf habit make it a delightful thing for the edges of beds; nor must we banish the old-fashioned snowdrop, which charms us, not merely by the purity of its colour, but also as the harbinger of brighter days.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
A Retail List of Tuberous-rooted Plants, offered by Wm. Bull, King’s-road, Chelsea—A very excellent catalogue, containing many things not to be found in any other lists. Mr. Bull has also a wonderful collee- tion of Primula Japonica, in various sorts, a plant which ought to be in every one’s collection.
Catalogue of Flower Roots for 1872, imported and sold by Waite, Bernell, Huggins and Co., Southwark Street, London.—A select list printed in large type, in fact which might be called a Catalogue de luxe. The selections seem to be good.
Spring Flowers, being a choice collection of Hardy Bulbs and Early Flowering Plants; Thomas S. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham.—Any one who has seen the beautiful collections exhibited by Mr. Ware at the Spring shows in London, will readily believe that he is a faithful guide, and in the revived taste for herbaceous plants his catalogue will, we doubt not, be often consulted as to the best method of making gardens gay in Spring.
Autumn Catalogue of Dutch Bulbs, &c., &e.; Dick Radclyffe, and Co., 129, High Holborn.—Characterized by the usual neatness of Mr. Radclyffe’s catalogues, it contains also a number of illustrations of fern cases and other requisites for indoor gardening, for which this firm especially lays itself out.
Hooper and Co.’s Gardening Guide, &c., for 1872.— This ample catalogue is arranged on a new plan, being divided into two sections, one embracing those bulbs to be had in a dormant state; the other, bulbs which can only be had in pots. There are also lists of plants suit- able for various purposes.
Barr and Sugden’s Autumnal Descriptive Catalogue, &c.—Very copious and admirably arranged. A great deal of pains has been taken to make correct divisions of Lilies, Narcissus, &c., in which great confusion at present exists.
Answers ta Correspondents,
C.S.—A few good Hyacinths for exhibition are Argus, General Havelock, Prince Albert, Mimosa, Grand Lilas, Charles Dickens, blue. —Garibaldi, Howard, Lord Macaulay, Solfaterra, Von Schiller, General Cavaignac, Noble par Merite, Sultan’s Favourite, Koh-i-noor—red. Alba Maxima, Grande Vedette, Madame Van der Hoop, Mont Blane, Snowball, Grandeur & Merveille—white ; and Ida, Alida Jacoba, and Anna Carolina—yellow.
W. F.—A bicolor geranium is the same as a gold and bronze, and must have a yellow margin to the leaves,
PLATE 37..
BEDDING VIOLAS AND PANSIES.
We are indebted to Messrs. Dickson and Co., of Waterloo Place, Edinburgh, for the _ opportunity of figuring the varieties of Bedding Violas and Pansies in our plate, and for the following observations. “The first varieties were obtained some seven or eight years ago, by hybridizing V. montana, V. cornuta, V. lutea, V. amana, and V. stricta, with Show Pansies ; and by carefully continuing the hybridizing with the finest seedlings of each season, we have now succeeded in raising a considerable number of valuable sorts, similar to those now figured—raising annually from twelve to fifteen thousand seedlings, for the purpose of obtaining eight or twelve varieties superior to those previously sent out. In selecting these we have kept in view—1. Habit, which must be branching and compact. 2. Flowering properties, which must be both profuse and continuous; thus, while the native species V. amana after two years of garden cultivation could not be induced to bloom for more than six or eight weeks in the early part of the summer, we have now got greatly improved seedlings forward, which will flower continuously from the beginning of April to October. 38. Colour, which to be used extensively must be of one shade, and that a distinct and striking one. There are a few exceptions to these: such as Fuiry, Fairy Queen, and Butterfly, with double upper petals and distinct margin of golden yellow. 4. Size; to this quality we attach the least importance, the primary object being to obtain the greatest amount of a certain shade of colour within a given space, and this is probably better effected with a medium-sized than a large flower, the former being less likely to be injured by wet weather.” These flowers are invaluable in wet seasons, as while geraniums and other bedding plants suffer much, they continue to blow in the greatest profusion throughout the entire season.
PLATE 38.
WALLFLOWER-LEAVED PYRAMIDAL STOCK, MAUVE BEAUTY.
Stocks form a very easily cultivated, fragrant, and beautiful addition to the flower garden, and we are therefore pleased to record the raising of a very beautiful new variety from Mr. Richard Dean, of Ealing, who says concerning it :—‘‘ It came to me originally from one of the London wholesale seed houses, and being much struck with the peculiarly soft beauty of its colour, I thought it capable of great improvement if persistently and carefully selected from for a few years. What I this season exhibited, represents the result of some five or six years’ patient labour, and itis not a little worthy of notice that what has been obtained is by the use of my own saved seed, during the time named. The percentage of double flowers was this season fully 80 per cent. I have classed it with the summer-flowering pyramidal Stocks to be sown in the spring, but it is also a first-class intermediate Stock if sown at the end of August or early in September, and grown in pots. I believe that if some one were to grow it for market purposes, it would command a ready sale. It has this season obtained first-class certificates from the Royal Horticultural and Royal Botanic Societies.”
We believe that Mr. Dean is engaged in selecting other varieties of Stocks, with plenty of promise of similar satisfactory results; and it is pleasing to record, that not only in the scarcer and more valuable kinds of flowers is the hybridizer at work, but that the more common and accessible flowers are also being improved.
PLATE 39,
PERSIAN RANUNCULUS—COLUMBIA, ARGO, AND HILDA.
In the whole range of Florists’ flowers, there is scarcely one more charmingly beautiful than the Ranunculus; the variations of its colouring, the perfection of its form, and the delicate beauty of many of the varieties, all tend to give it a very foremost place ; it has latterly too, after years of neglect, been included amongst the flowers for which the Metropolitan Floral Society offers prizes, and the Royal Horticultural Society also has included it in its schedule; we may hope therefore to see it more extensively exhibited for the future.
The varieties which we now figure were selected from the collection of seedlings raised by Mr. Geo. Lightbody, of Falkirk, and which, to the number of nearly four hundred, passed a couple of years ago into our hands; they evidence most unmistakeably the energy and skill which Mr. Lightbody always showed in anything that he undertook. With the exception of Mr. Cary Tyso, of Wallingford, no cultivator has ever given so much attention to them as he did.
The cultivation of the Persian Ranunculus, though not difficult, yet requires considerable care; the beds intended for their reception should be dug out to the depth of from nine inches to a foot in the autumn, and a layer of well-rotted cow-dung placed at the bottom, to the depth of four or five inches; the soil should then be returned, and the ground levelled; the beds ought not to be above the level of the paths, as the Ranunculus like moisture. In the spring they do not require any digging over, but just simply surface hoeing and the levelling of the beds. These should be edged with thin boards, and in planting it is best to take a piece of wood notched to the depth of one and a half inches, and this should be firmly pressed on the bed, so as to make drills of that depth; in these drills place some sharp sand and plant the tubers firmly in it at that depth, cover them with the earth, and let the beds be undisturbed, keeping them clear of weeds, watering in May if it be dry, and shading when the plants advance to the blooming stage. They will amply repay the trouble bestowed upon them.
Puate 40. ONCIDIUM CRCSUS.
This very beautiful dwarf species of Oncidium was exhibited by Messrs. Veitch & Sons, at one of the exhibitions of the Royal Horticultural Society, where it obtained a first-class certificate; although devoid of the grandeur of some of the genus, it yet, by the pleasing contrasts of its colours (the rich deep brown and brilliant yellow), is exceedingly pretty, and is a desirable plant to have in any collection of Orchids; it will submit to cool treatment.
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NOVEMBER, 1872.
[No. 1l.
EXHIBITIONS.
THE season we may now say has past. Even the Wed- nesday meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society are only held once a month, and all the grand tournaments of the year are over, and we may therefore now briefly record our ideas of their character and influence. Taking the three great metropolitan centres: the Royal Horti- cultural Society, the Royal Botanic Society, and the Crystal Palace: we may safely say that the first of these has more than maintained the character of its shows, and that were it not for a perversity that is mani- fested as to some of its arrangements, the progress would be even greater than it has unquestionably been ; while the provincial show held in. connexion with it at Birmingham has been without doubt the finest yet held. But then we have to remember that the credit of this belongs not to the Society, but to the Local Committee, whose energy and perseverance would achieve the same results without the aid of the Society ; indeed the advantage of thus connecting them is obviously only that accruing from its name and position, and not for any material aid that it affords. The Wednesday meetings, continued as they are throughout the year, are calculated to greatly benefit horticulture. They afford an opportunity for the raisers and producers of varieties or remarkable instances of horticultural skill, to bring them before the public ; moreover it affords a place of meeting to the lovers of flowers, both profes- sional and amateur, which is both profitable in a com- mercial point of view, and pleasing. Improvements on arrangements might still be made, and we might suggest that some other place and time might be found for the Fruit and Floral Committee to lunch than in the room where the flowers are exhibited, and when the public are admitted. The exhibitions of the Royal Botanic Society, we grieve to say, exhibit symptoms of decadence. A prize list largely curtailed, and doubtless of necessity so curtailed, has had the effect of curtailing also the number and importance of the exhibits. This must ever be the case; not that exhibitors are influenced by the mere money value of the prizes, but the expense of exhibiting is very great, and unless there is a prospect of something like a remuneration, exhibitors will not run the risk. The Crystal Palace has worthily maintained the character of its exhibitions; the liberal prizes offered, the extreme courtesy and consideration with which exhibitors are treated, the charms of the palace itself, all tend to make
the horticultural fétes there the pleasantest in or around the metropolis.
The influence of exhibitions on horticulture cannot very well be overrated ; the stimulus given to the production of novelties, the competition to produce remarkable instances of horticultural skill, the publicity which is afforded to these results, all act favourably on the pro- egress of the science—and we may see that just in proportion as flowers are encouraged at the exhibitions so do they increase in popularity, and as they are neglected in the prize lists, so do they decrease in general growth.
Provincial exhibitions are increasing both in number and importance, and wherever we have had the oppor- tunity of seeing them they have been creditable to their promoters, and have, we are assured, tended to the advancement of horticulture. So that reviewing the past season, we may say that it has altogether been a favourable one.
ROSE STOCKS.
CoNSIDERABLE sensation has been occasioned this season, by the exhibition of some wonderful blooms of roses, exhibited by Mr. Prince, of Oxford, from plants budded on seedling briars, and the question has been mooted, as to which is the best stock for roses, and also as to their duration. The Manetti has so long held its own for dwarf roses, that it would be very difficult to substitute anything in its place; at the same time we are bound to say that the magnificent roses exhibited by Mr. Prince, will induce many to give the briar a fair trial. The French have for along time used them, especially for Tea Roses, and we have grown such plants in our own gar- den. Now, Tea Roses are not always easily managed, but we have found the imported plants grow very vigorously, the only inconvenience being that the stock is apt to throw up suckers, but then so does the Manetti, while those of the briar are more easily distinguishable from the rose shoots, and consequently do not run the chance of being left so as to overpower the rose. Its advantages ac- cording to Mr. Prince are very great—he says they are these: “ The brilliancy of the colour of the blooms; its adaptability for all kinds of soil (gravelly soils posi- tively suit them) ; it does not require so much assistance in manuring as other stocks; it blooms freely, whether
22 THE FLORAL MAGAZINE.
pruned or not, pyramids of hybrid perpetual roses eight or ten feet high and four feet in diameter, may be grown in three or four years, most of the varieties having as much vigour in them as Jules Margottin, or Marie Rady’s. Tea and Noisette Roses grow ten feet in a season, and ripen their wood earlier than on wild briars, or on their own roots. They may be safely transplanted every two years to reduce their growth if required. The earliest blooming of roses is acknowledged to come from the briar, and the latest will also be gathered from the cul- tivated seedling briar, The most perfect union of scion and stock—not more than one offshoot or sucker from the briars appear in one hundred plants when pro- perly worked; from cut back plants on this stock, a much larger number of show blooms may be obtained, thus enabling amateurs to compete in large classes at exhi- bitions. If but one half of these advantages are realized in the actual working, it will not be long before it drives the Manetti out of the field. Those who wish to try it, should gather the hips when ripe, and keep them until March or April, when the seed should be sown; some will come up soon, others may remain a longer period; we believe that it is not so certain as the Manetti, and consequently they can hardly be sold at the same price. As to the duration of roses, it is a question dependent we think on the varieties more than on the stocks ; we have some that have been budded fourteen or fifteen years, and are vigorous and hearty, and we have seen roses on the briar that must be thirty or forty years old. Should the cultivated briar maintain its position, it will create quite a revolution in rose growing, and probably next season will bring the matter to more practical issues. We are trying some in our own garden, and hope to report on them in due time.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
Charles Turner’s Catalogue of Roses, Fruit Trees, &c., Royal Nurseries, Slough, and the Nursery, Uxbridge.— A catalogue prepared with Mr. Turner’s usual care, and we need not say that his name is a sufficient guarantee of the excellence of its productions.
George Prince’s Descriptive Rose Catalogue—We have already alluded to this catalogue; while not so ex- tensive as some, it is evidently compiled with great care.
Catalogue of Conservatories, Greenhouses, &c.; Dick Radelyffe and Co., 29, High Holborn, W.C.—This firm is well known for the excellent taste with which their productions are arranged, and in this pamphlet larger scope is given than in the ordinary catalogue issued by them,
William Chater’s Catalogue of superb double Holly- hocks and Roses.—Mr. Chater is so well known as an exhibitor and raiser of Hollyhocks, that his catalogue is naturally looked upon as a sine gud non to the Hollyhock grower.
Descriptive Catalogue of Roses and Hollyhocks. Francis and Arthur Dickson and Sons, 106, Eastgate Street, Chester.—An excellently arranged and sufli- ciently copious catalogue.
GARDEN ECONOMICS. THE PATENT VERMIN ASPHYXIATOR.
Although the chief merit claimed for this invention is the destruction of rats and other vermin, yet as it also claims to be useful for the employment of tobacco paper, &e., in the greenhouse, it comes within our province to notice it. It is somewhat expensive, and we hardly think will take the place of such simple and effective contrivances as Appleby’s Fumigator.
JEWEL PELARGONIUM.
In reference to this fine Hower, Mr. Laxton, the raiser, says: “It was obtained by me, in 1869, by crossing Madame Rosa Charmeux with Lord Derby, and was the best of a batch of about 200 seedlings of that year. I had previously been crossing the doubles of the Inquinans type, but found it impossible to get out of the coarse growth and habit which attach to the Gloire de Nancy and Victor Lemoine type—and there can be no doubt that its dwarf habit will make it the more valuable.”
The Exhibitions of the Royal Horticultural Society, in 1873, are fixed for the following dates :—January 15; February 12; March 5,19; April 2,16; May 7, 21, 22; June 4, 5, 6, 18; July 2, 16; August 6,20; September 3,17; October 1; November 5; December 3.
Answers to Correspondents.
B.—We agree with you that it is hardly fair that Mr. Van Houtte should reproduce in his “ Flore de Serres,” our plates without a single word of acknowledgment, and for the future we trust he will not do so.
M. E.—Hyacinths are to be potted by the beginning of this month ; they rejoice in a rich light compost, nearly one-half of which may be well-decomposed cow manure. They should then be plunged in coal ashes, tan, or some such material until they have rooted and started a little,
Prats 41. DOUBLE ZONAL PELARGONIUM—JEWEL. (Laxton.)
There has not been for some years any great advance in the class to which this flower belongs ; flowers of various shades of red and rose have indeed been raised, but they have shown but little improvement on those already in cultivation, the form of the flower and the style of colour being very much the same; now, however, we hope that something different has been obtained. We hear of a new double-white, raised by that well-known amateur, M. Jean Sisley, of Lyons, which has passed for distribution in England into the hands of Mr. Wm. Bull, of Chelsea; and in Jewe/, an English flower, we have what we believe to be a very distinct variety.
Mr. Laxton, of Stamford, is well known for his skill as a hybridizer, and the horti- cultural world is indebted to him for some fine varieties of peas and other garden products, and when paying a visit to his garden, on the occasion of the Stamford Show in September last, we were particularly struck with the very distinct character of Jewel, its great peculiarity being its form ; in colour it is a very deep shade of scarlet, but its dense thick clusters of flowers are very peculiar—each individual “ pip” being an exact miniature rose, so that when detached it would be almost impossible to believe it to be a pelargonium ; hence, when thus separated and mounted on wire, it will be invaluable for button-hole bouquets ; it is also very free flowering, small plants producing fine trusses of bloom.
We are not singular in our belief of its value, as strong testimony has been borne to it from other quarters, and it has received a first-class certificate from the Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society.
Puate 42,
TEA ROSE—CHESHUNT HYBRID. (Paut anp Sov.)
The beauty and fragrance of Tea Roses are acknowledged by all lovers of flowers, and have made them deservedly very great favourites ; their one defect being that as aclass they are deficient in those brilliant colours which made the Hybrid Perpetuals and Bourbons. Nothing can be more exquisitely delicate than the various shades of yellow, primrose, peach, and salmon that are to be found amongst them; but a stand of Tea Roses always seems to look faint alongside of the brilliant flowers of other classes, and hence any advance in the direction of unusual depth of colour must be hailed as a boon; such an advance we believe to have been made in the flower which we now figure.
Mr. George Paul, who has been fortunate enough to raise this flower, says: Cheshunt Hybrid was from a seed-pod of the dark pink Tea Rose, Madame de Tartas, in our rose-house; the plant producing it being under an overhanging cluster on the roof of the dark Hybrid Perpetual Rose, Prince Camille de Rohan, with which it was suggested it was fertilized ; it is a strong, free grower, with vigorous, almost climbing habit, and free as an autumn bloom.” As it will be sent out during the present autumn, growers will have the opportunity of testing it for themselves, and we shall be surprised if it do not become a general favourite.
It may be well to remark that in a season like the present, when everything has been so strange and exceptional in horticulture, Tea Roses have been wonderfully fine, and have continued in bloom up to a very late period, and this although we have not had that warm sunny weather which is considered necessary for their success.
Puate 43, GLADIOLUS JUPITER.
The past season has evidenced the increasing attention that is being given to this beautiful autumnal flower. Never in or near the metropolis have so many collections been brought together, and certainly never have they been of such grand excellence of character, while seedlings of English origin have been exhibited in very large numbers. We last year figured an English seedling, and we have now the pleasure of figuring one of M. Soubit’s new varieties of 1871.
Various communications have been made to the gardening papers on the culture of this flower, and from these we gather the fact, which we have all along felt to be the greatest hindrance to their more general growth, that the mysterious disease to which they are subject is mourned over by almost every grower; we have seen, thus far, beds more than decimated by it. With our friend Mr. Edward Banks, of Shelden Lodge, Deal—a grower who is not likely, from lis well-known services, to have allowed anything to be left to chance, or his bulbs to be lost through ignorance—we saw beds where manure had not been used, beds where the Gladiolus had never been grown before, beds manured with bone dust, all suffering from the disease. We fear that there is no remedy for it; but we think that powdered charcoal placed in the holes, instead of sand, when the bulbs are planted, is likely to act as a preventive.
Jupiter, when exhibited by Mr. Wheeler, of Warminster, and ourselves at the Crystal Palace Show, received a first-class certificate. In colour it is a deep rich crimson, with dark blackish crimson flashes—a great improvement on Newton, a flower of somewhat similar character, raised some years ago.
Puate 44,
TILLANDSIA LINDENI VERA.
In the former series of the Floral Magazine we published (p. 529) a figure of the beautiful T’Wandsia Lindeni, under which name it had been exhibited; but during the present season another plant has been exhibited as the true Zl/andsia Lindeni by Mr. Linden, of Brussels, and we have been enabled, owing to the kindness of Messrs. Veitch and Sons, of King’s Road, Chelsea, to whom it had been consigned by Mr. Linden, to figure it in our present number.
On comparing our plate with that in our former issue alluded to, it will be seen that there are notable differences. ‘The colour of the flower is an entirely different shade of blue—being much darker. The centre, instead of being white, is of the same colour as the rest of the petals, while the habit of the plant is very dissimilar. In the former case the scape grew erect from the plant, while in the present one it is semi-prostrate. In order to illustrate this difference a small figure of the entire plant has been added to our illustration.
Tillandsia Lindeni Vera obtained when exhibited a first-class certificate—and deservedly so—from the Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society. Its cultivation in no way differs from that previously described as appropriate for Zi//andsia Lindeni—viz., to be grown in spongy peat, with the addition of loam and sand, requiring, like most of the Bromelias—to which it belongs—the heat of a stove.
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THE FLORAL
MAGAZINE.
NEW SERIES.]
DECEMBER, 1872.
[No. 12.
EXHIBITIONS. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
NovemBer 6th.
Amonast the perversities of the Royal Horticultural Society’s arrangements alluded to in our last number, is that of holding their November Show on the first instead of the third Wednesday in the month. The main features of the Exhibition are Chrysanthemums, and the Inter- national Fruit Show. If it is considered at all desirable to have Chrysanthemums, it is well known by all cultivators that the best period of their blooming season is from the middle to the end of November, and that the best period of exhibiting is somewhere about the 20th, and conse- quently there never have been but a few stands of blooms and a few plants sent for exhibition ; and we believe that the grand exhibition of frnit would have been just as available for the 20th as for the 6th, and so this year the number of the flowers shown was as scant as usual. Amongst those exhibited on this occasion, Mr. Rowe, gardener to Mrs. Lewis, the Rookery, Roehampton, obtained a first-class certificate for Japanese Chrysan- themum Elaine, a pure white, with flat shaped petals of re- markably good shape, while Messrs. Veitch and Sons had some splendid blooms of the well known varieties which always figure in stands of cut flowers, such as Jardin des Plantes, Golden Beverley, Queen of England, Gloria Mundi, &., &e. The pot plants exhibited were very few and not very remarkable. There were some other very interesting plants exhibited, amongst which we noticed especially Dracsena imperialis, a broad-leaved variety of dense habit, with white and rosy variegations beautifully blended. This was shown by both Mr. Bull and Messrs, Veitch and Son of Chelsea, and also Maranta Makoyana (exhibited by Messrs. Veitch as Maranta olivaris), a beau- tiful dwarf species. These obtained first-class certificates, as did also Mesospinidum Vuleanicum, a pretty small orchid with rosy lake flowers, and the tip whitish. There was also exhibited a very pretty miniature palm called Malortica simplex, and also Calamus ovoideus and Calamus Roxbarghii, two Eastern tropical palms with pinnate fronds and stems furnished with needle-shaped spines. Mr. H. Cannel, of Woolwich, had a basket of a very dwarf free flowering scarlet Pelargonium, Payne’s Perpetual, said to be a seedling from Mrs, Pollock. Mr. Crowther, gardener to J.T. Peacock, Hsq., exhibited some sucen- lents from a collection which we suppose, for a private
| |
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grower, is unequalled. Several of them received first- class certificates, the most curious amongst them being Mammularia Peacocki, which formed a semi-globose mass which seemed to be composed of grey woolly hairs and spines.
Of the Fruit Show it hardly falls within our province to say anything, but we may notice that for the season it was a remarkable display, and that the presence of pears from the Royal Horticultural Society of Namur, brilliant pears from Jersey, and equally brilliantly coloured apples from Nova Scotia, gave it somewhat more the character of International than is usual on such occasions. We believe that these exhibitions, occurring at seasons not very suggestive of Flora’s or Pomona’s gifts, are amongst the most beneficial portion of the Royal Horti- cultural Society’s operations, as they tend to keep up the interest in gardening operations, and bring horticul- turists of all grades together.
ZONAL PELARGONIUMS AS DECORATIVE PLANTS.
Wuatever may be thought of the excessive use of this tribe of plants in the decoration of the flower garden, we think that it is impossible to overrate them as decorative plants for the greenhouse or conservatory. We do not for a moment concede that they are at all comparable to the show Pelargoniums, but then they are summer Howering plants; while the Zonals come in so usefully at a season of the year when flowers for the greenhouse are somewhat scaree—viz,, during the months of September and Cctober. Nor let it be thought that this involves the use of one colour only, scarlet ; they are to be found of various shades of salmon, buff, white, flesh colour, crimson, as well as the dazzling scarlets, which are so numerous. When all the summer flowering plants have been put out of doors, then the Zonals can be brought in to take their place. For this purpose it is best to select young plants of the previous autumn; keep them singly in pots during the winter, and, when possible, in a moderately warm tem- perature: this is one of the best preventives of damp. They should in February be potted off into large pots of good compost, consisting of loam and a little well-rotted manure; too much of this is injurious, as it is apt to make the growth too gross. After the month of March, when all danger of frost is over, a cool pit is the best place for them, so as to induce a dwarfish growth. They can be removed to the greenhouse when there is
24 THE FLORAL
MAGAZINE.
space for them, giving them plenty of air, and turning them frequently, so as to ensure symmetry of growth. Many of them will continue blooming up to a late period, and with care some will give flowers all through the dull winter montlis.
THE BEST ROSES.
Amipst the multitude of Roses, persons are often be- wildered as to which they should select. We have there- fore thought that the following list might be useful to those who are either contemplating the formation of a
rose garden, or adding to their collection.
Tea and Noisette Roses.
Maréchal Niel. Gloire de Dijon. Cloth of Gold. Réve d’Or. Devoniensis. Sombreuil
Madame Margottin. Souvenir Vun Ami. Madame Faleot. Adrienne Christophle. Celine Forestier. Souvenir d’Elise Vardin.
Hybrid Perpetuals and Bourbons.
Alfred Colomb. Antoine Ducher. Beauty of Waltham. Centifolia rosea. Charles Lefebre. Comtesse d’Oxford. Comtesse Chabrillant. Devienne Lamy. Dr. André. Duchesse de Caylus. Duke of Edinburgh. Dupuy Jamin. Edouard Morren. Elie Morel.
Emile Hausburg, Felix Genero. Fisher Holmes. Francois Treyve. General Jacqueminot. John Hopper.
Jules Margottin. Duchesse de Morny. La France.
Louise Peyronney. Lord Macaulay. Louis Van Houtte.
Madame Charles Wood.
Madame Fillion.
Marguerite de St. Amand.
Madame la Baronne de Rothsehild.
‘Madame Victor Verdier.
Madame Vidot.
Madame Rivers.
Mdlle. Eugenie Verdier.
Maréchal Vaillant.
Marguerite Dombrain.
Marie Baumann.
Marquise de Castellane.
Marquise de Montemarte.
Mons. Norman.
Pierre Notting.
Prince Camille de Rohan,
Princess Mary of Cambridge. Ny g
Rev. H. Dombrain. Senateur Vaisse.
Victor de Bihan.
Victor Verdier.
Virginale.
Souvenir de la Malmaison. Xavier Olibo.
GARDEN ECONOMICS.
RENDLE’S PATENT RUSTIC ORCHARD HOUSE.
Mr. Renvue is determined not to be behindhand with his inventions, and this his latest one promises to be very useful. It is simply a glass roof supported on each side by rustic trellis-work, for the purpose of growing peaches, nectarines, &c.; for after the fruit is set they require plenty of fresh air, and in the spring of the year, when the bloom-bud is just bursting, canvas or netting can be put up against the sides of the house. This can be put up and taken down as simply as a window-blind. When the fruit is set, and all danger of frost is past, then the netting or canvas can be taken down, and the health of the plant secured by a thorough circulation of air, the whole of the glass can be taken off in a few hours if necessary, and put up again. It promises to be a useful contrivance in our very variable climate.
NEW WORKS ON GARDENING. A New Edition of “ My Garden,” by Alfred Smee,
Esq., is announced, with additional matter, and 100 new woodcuts.
“ The Six of Spades,”’ a series of papers which appeared some years ago in the “ Florist,” by the Rev. S. Rey- nolds, will shortly be published.
“ The Gladiolus: its History, Cultivation, and Exhi- bitions,”’ will appear early in January, by the Editor of the “ Floral Magazine.”
LE CERCLE HORTICOLE LYONNAIS.
We have been requested by the Secretary of this New Institution, to say that he will be munch obliged by any of the Nurserymen or Florists in Great Britain
sending their Catalogues, addressed thus :—
Mons. JEAN SISLEY, Secrétaire Général, Du Cercle Horticole Lyonnais, Rue St. Maurice No. 1, Monplaisir, Lyon, (Rhone)
France.
London ; Savill, Edwards & Co,, Printers, Chandos Street, Covent Garden,
PLATE 45.
ODONTOGLOSSUM ANDERSONIANUM.
In the whole range of the singular and beautiful family of Orchids, there is not one group that gives us so great a variety as the Odontoglossums, a fact to which our pages, both in our former and present series, bear witness, and which is still further illustrated by the magnificent monograph of Mr. Bateman.
The following, from the pen of our greatest living Orchidologist, Professor Reichen- bach fils, will be the best description we can give. ‘ When I originally described this doubt- ful plant, most probably a hybrid between O. crispum and prestans, or gloriosum, I had but a couple of flowers at hand; at a later period, J. Day, Hsq., sent me a parcel of the same thing, but with much less richness of colouring. Now, in 1872, comes the glory of the plant. Messrs. Veitch having imported masses of the Grenadan Odontoglossa and Masdevallias, Samuel Mendel, Esq., of Manchester, got alot of these. One of these Odontoglots has just flowered, and Messrs. Veitch obtained a flower which had to travel from Chelsea once more to Hamburgh. Our French friends would call it dors de ligne. The day of its flowering must become a red letter day in the Mendelean calendar. This grand flower is of the d/er- andra shape, yet the sepals and petals are a little narrower; it is creamy white (not milk white), the inferior halves of the sepals and petals are adorned internally with reddish brown dots and streaks, and some such blotches are to be found on the disk of the anterior lip, whose superior part is yellowish. I feel very much pleasure in finding that Harry Veitch, Esq. immediately had the idea of its being a cross between O. Alewandre and O. gloriosum. Messrs. Veitch knew that they had such a wonder, since they possessed a beautiful dried inflorescence of the plant, now a magnum decus of my herbarium.”
We are indebted to Messrs. Veitch for the opportunity of figuring this very fine Orchid.
PLATE 46. HIBISCUS (rosa sinensts)-—ALBO-VARIEGATUS.
We have already figured (plate 36) in our present volume, a fine semi-double variety of Hibiscus, which has been distributed by Mr. W. Bull, of Chelsea, and we add another, very different in character, but at the same time both curious and beautiful.
Fibiscus-albo variegatus, is a free-growing and elegantly marked stove plant, obtained from the Pacific Islands, of a closely branched habit, with pale green stems and with ovate slightly serrated leaves, which are finely mottled and variegated with greyish green and white, breaking out irregularly in a manner similar to the markings of Hibiscus Cooperii, to which it would form a companion plant, having the variegation white instead of pink ; it should be grown in full light, near the glass, to bring out its proper colouring.
Such is Mr. Bull’s description of the plant ; the flower it will be seen is of an Indian red colour, with a peculiarly long style, which adds to its striking appearance ; it is easily culti- vated, and to those who desire to have free-flowering variegated shrubs in their stoves, it will be a decided acquisition.
PLATE 47. CALCEOLARIAS—MRS. PAUL AND MRS. FORREST.
The Scotch nurserymen have ever been distinguished for the zeal with which they have followed out the cultivation of Florists’ flowers, and to their skill and perseverance we are indebted for some of our very best Pansies, Auriculas, Hollyhocks, Ranunculuses, &. ; and we have now the pleasure of figuring two entirely novel shrubby Calceolarias, raised by Mr. Paul of Paisley.
The beautiful spottings and markings in this herbaceous Calceolarias are well known, from the collections from time to time exhibited by Mr. James and others at our metropolitan shows, and it would seem that we are now likely to get something of the same in the shrubby class. Of the two which are now figured, J/rs. Paul (fig. 1), Mr. Paul informs us is a seedling between Sang’s Ambassador and Little Beauty. ‘The habit is very dwarf, not ex- ceeding when bedded out eight inches in length; it is a most profuse bloomer, and for green- house or conservatory purposes it is most valuable as a decorative plant. It has received certificates at Edinburgh, Paisley, and Belfast. he colour is a rich deep crimson, spotted all over with minute dark spots. J/rs. Forrest (fig. 2) is a seedling between Little Beauty and Ifiss Gray, and both in the form and marking of the flower is a decided improvement on the former flower; it also forms an admirable decorative plant, the ight orange colour form- ing a good contrast to the darker flower.
The cultivation of these flowers calls for no particular remark; they will thrive well in ordinary good compost of loam, manure, and sand, with a little leaf mould, and require attention so that greenfly does not attack them.
We have only to add, that they will be sent out by Mr. W. Paul, of Crossflat Nursery, Paisley, in May of next year.
Puate 48. ROSE—MADAME GEORGE SCHWARTZ.
We never recollect a season in which fewer new roses have been exhibited than that which has just closed; notwithstanding that the French lists included upwards of one hundred varieties, the classes for new kinds were chiefly composed of varieties of the preceding seasons, nor did we amongst those which were exhibited notice anything very remarkable.
Some of the Lyons varieties we were enabled to grow in our own garden, chiefly those sent into commerce by Mons. Guillot fils, and Mons. G. Schwartz, the successor of the elder Guillot, who has long been known as a rosarian, and amongst them we think that which we now figure was the finest, and indeed the best rose of the season, as far as our judgment goes ; the colour is a very bright carmine pink, the foliage is ample, and the habit vigorous, so that we think it will be an acquisition ; it also blooms freely in the autumn. Amongst the new varieties in the Hybrid Perpetual Class besides the one figured, we think that Baronne Louise Urhull, Baron de Bonstetten, Ltienne Levet, Lyonnais, Frangois Michelon, Presi- deut Thiers, Richard Wallace, Victor Verne are likely to be amongst the best; but with the ex- ception of two or three of them, we have had no opportunity of judging personally of their merits. Amongst Tea Roses, Louis Gigot, Madame Celine Berthod, Madame Jules Margottin, and Marie Van Houtte, are probably the best; nor must we omit our English raised roses, Bessie Johnson, a sport from Abel Grand, obtained by Mr. Curtis, of Torquay, Cheshunt Hybrid, which we have already figured, Annie Laxton, bright rose raised by Mr, Laxton, of Stamford, Reynolds Hole, raised by Mr. George Paul, of Cheshunt, are all lkely to prove good and
vigorous-growing roses.
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