Hora If New South Wahs NATIONAL HERBARIUM OF NEW SOUTH WALES No. 111. TREMANDRACEAE 1978 ISSN 0300-0958 Conspectus of Families of Vascular Plants represented in the Flora of New South Wales (The account of each family, or consecutive group of families as issued, will appear with separate pagination; the names of those families that have been published to date are in italics.) GYMNOSPERMAE 1 Zamiaceae 4 Pinaceae 2 Podocarpaceae 5 Cupressaceae 3 Araucariaceae ANGIOSPERMAE—MONOCOTYLEDONES 6 Typhaceae 7 Sparganiaceae 8 Pandanaceae 9 Potamogctonaceae 10 Rttppiaceae 11 Zannichelliaceae 12 Najadaceae 13 Zosteraceae 14 Aponogctonaceae 15 Posidoniaceae 16 Juncaginaceae 17 Alismataceae 18 Hydrocharitaceae 19 Gramineae, Part I. Supplement to Part 1; Part 2 20 Cyperaceae 21 Palmae 22 Araceae 23 Lemnaceae 24 Flagellariaceae 25 Restionaceae 26 Centrolepidaceae 27 Xyridaceae 28 Eriocaulaceae 29 Commelinaceae 30 Pontederiaceae 31 Philydraceae 32 Juncaceae 33 Liliaceae 34 Xanthorrhoeaceae 35 Agavaceae 36 Philesiaceae 37 Smilacaceae 38 Haemodoraceae 39 Amaryllidaccae 40 Hypoxidaceae 41 Alstroemeriaceae 42 Dioscoreaceae 43 Pelermanniaceae 44 Iridaceae 45 Zingiberaceae 46 Cannaceae 47 Burmanniaceae 48 Orchidaceae. See H.M.R. Rupp: The Orchids of New South Wales. 1943. Facsimile edition with Supplement by D. J. McGillivray. 1969. ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 49 Casuarinaceae 50 Piperaceae 51 Salicaceae 52 Fagaceae 53 Ulmaceae 54 Moraceae 55 Cannabaceae 56 Urticaceae 57 Proteaceae 58 Loranthaceae 58A Viscaceae 59 Santalaceae 60 Olacaceae 61 Aristolochiaceae 62 Polygonaceae 63 Chenopodiaceae 64 Dysphaniaceae 65 Amaranthaceae 66 Nyctaginaceae 67 Phytolaccaceae 68 Gyrostemonaceae 69 MoUuginaceae 70 Aizoaceae 71 Portulacaceae 72 Basellaceae 73 Caryophyllaceae 74 Nymphaeaceae 75 Cabombaceae 76 Ceratophyllaceae 77 Ranunculaceae 78 Berberidaccae 79 Menispcrmaceae 80 Winteraceae 81 Annonaceae 82 Eupomatiaceae 83 Trimeniaccae 84 Monimiaceae 85 Lauraceae 86 Cassythaceae 87 Papaveraceae 88 Fumariaceae 89 Cruciferae (Continued on inside back cover) NEW SOUTH WALES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE formerly Contributions from the New South Wales National Herbarium Flora Series No. 111. Tremandraceae 1978 G 40213J—® D. West, Oovemment Printer, New South Wales—1978 ISSN 0300—0958 FLORA OF NEW SOUTH WALES Produced under the Direction of L. A. S. JOHNSON Director National Herbarium of New South Wales Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney N 04 111. TREMANDRACEAE By JOY THOMPSON EDITOR: MARY D. TINDALE Formerly produced under the direction of K. Mair, 1964-1970 ■ *>- T / .W >■ iO /.,'IOJ'I Ho a-H a'":' 3fi: -i.L- a l-r-iiUri'i .A .! L3l,',V. iii-c':. -.'./I 'lo rr.LS.i '^'i ->• Umu'liiK ■ ■■j.jV r3 .:I. 0/.H4a;iAi-''ST.III ^ ■iji • /‘A r !/< '.'IT .fl t.io^wsa 111. TREMANDRACEAE 1 By Joy Thompson* Flowers bisexual and symmetrical, usually occurring singly on slender peduncles in the leaf-axils. Calyx consisting of 4 or 5 valvate segments on or inside the edge of the usually expanded top of the peduncle. Corolla lilac-pink, purple or occasionally white, the petals free, equal in number to the calyx-lobes; occasionally with a lobed disc between the petals and the stamens. Stamens in 1 or 2 series, double the number of petals and opposite to or alternate with them, hypogynous, free or united in pairs at the filament, the filaments short or absent, broad or slender, sharply differentiated from or merging into the base of the anther, the anthers basi- fixed, 1- or 2-seriately 4-locular, opening by a terminal pore usually at the end of a variously elongate tube but occasionally with the tube absent. Ovary 2-locular, sessile or on a short broad base, the ovules 2, 4 or rarely numerous, anatropous, pendulous from the upper or middle part of the central axis, the style filiform with a small stigma. Fruit a variously compressed capsule, opening loculicidally and often later also septicidally. Seeds pendulous, obovoid to cylindrical with the apex truncate and often bearing an adaxially coiled appendage. Perennial shrubs, often heath-like but occasionally with trailing stems, the stems often leafless and occasionally winged. Leaves simple, usually small, alternate, opposite or verticillate and occasionally reduced or absent. Plants rarely glabrous, usually with a characteristic pubescence of various kinds of simple, gland-tipped or stellate hairs. A family of 3 genera and some 43 species limited to southern Australia. Only one genus extends beyond Western Australia to South Australia and all the eastern states. The family is of no economic importance. For discussion of relationships within the family and for details of typification see Thompson in Telopea 1: 139-215 (1976). TETRATHECA Sm. Specimen Bot. New Holland: 5, t. 2 (1793). Tetratheca: Greek: /c/ra = four; /Aeke = case; i.e. the four anther-loculi. Flowers usually occurring singly, occasionally several together, in the axils of upper, often modified, leaves and usually subtended by minute bracts. Peduncles often dark-coloured, often lengthening as the flower matures to more than 3 cm long, glabrous or pubescent with hairs of one or more kinds and in some species with minute shining spots, usually slender and expanding widely in the extreme upper part to a receptacle from less than 1 mm to more than 3 mm in width. Calyx consisting of 4 or 5 (4 in all New South Wales species), usually unconnected, segments which are either placed inside the rim of the receptacle and usually bent inwards at the (often thickened) base and readily breaking away along a distinct line or, less often, continuous with the receptacle and persistent or breaking away irregularly, the segments usually dark-coloured and in general ovate though varying with the species, obtuse to long-acuminate, glabrous or with a pubescence of one or more kinds of hair, occasionally with minute shining spots, the inner surface usually with fine curled hairs especially inside the margin. Petals 4 or 5 (4 in all New South * National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney. (Accepted for publication 22 December, 1976) 2 111. Tremandraceae. {Thompson) Wales species), alternating with the calyx-segments, and each in the bud longitudinally folded on each side to enclose two stamens, usually a deep lilac-pink colour but occasionally paler pink, white, or, in one Western Australian species, purple, and often very dark at the base, from less than 5 mm to more than 2 cm in length and somewhat variable within the species, usually linguiform but often obovate to ovate, usually readily deciduous, occasionally tardily deciduous or persistent. Stamens twice the number of petals, two in front of each petal, free or tending to joined at the base in pairs, the filaments varying in length and shape with the species, often merging with the base of the anther, the anthers basifixed, 4-locular with two narrow loculi arranged in front of a broader outer pair, terminating in a single, often oblique and usually 2-lipped orifice usually at the end of a short or long tube. Ovary 2 -locular, glabrous or wholly or partly pubescent with one or more kinds of hair, often on a stout base and at the top rounded or tapering, rarely emarginate, below a filiform style. Ovules 2 or 4, rarely numerous, in each ovary, anatropous, pendulous from the upper or occasionally middle part of the placenta. Fruit a variously com¬ pressed capsule to c. 1 cm in length, narrowly elliptical to compressed-orbicular in shape, opening at the margins and occasionally also but later at the septum. Seeds 2-4.5 mm long, obovoid to cylindrical, brown and smooth, with fine hairs, and at the apex truncate and bearing a cream-coloured, adaxially coiled appendage. Perennial shrubs to 1.5 m in height though often 20 cm or less, compact with erect or ascending stems or diffuse with weak, procumbent or prostrate stems, usually with numerous stems arising from a woody and often rhizomatous stock; the stock and/or the lower part of the stems much-branched. Stems terete, somewhat ridged or quadrangular, or winged, rarely glabrous, usually pubescent with hairs of more than one kind and often with glandular tubercles, the stem often terminating in a stifiTened point, the branching alternate, opposite or irregularly verticillate, often infrequent, with the branches erect or less frequently spreading. Leaves alternate, opposite or verticillate with up to 6 leaves in the whorl, linear to orbicular, usually less than 2 cm in length, the margins flat to revolute, usually entire but occasionally with several lobes, the apex obtuse to pungent-pointed and usually incurved, the upper surface glabrous or pubescent and often with large tubercles, the lower usually paler and less pubescent than the upper, the petiole short, occasionally bearing stipule-like setae, or absent; in a number of species most leaves are reduced to scales or are readily deciduous. A genus of 39 species endemic in the southern half of Australia, 14 species occurring in New South Wales. Further specimens collected within the State but deposited in herbaria other than NSW are cited in the revision of the genus by Thompson in Telopea 1: 139-215 (1976). 1. Stems 1.* Stems 2 . 2 .* 4. Calyx-segments present around the mature fruit or tardily deciduous, not deciduous soon after anthesis and with no joint at their Junction with the receptacle. 5. Leaves usually linear with revolute margins. Stem-hairs rarely gland-tipped. T. gtandutosa 4. 5.* Leaves rarely linear with revolute margins, usually oblanceolate to broadly obovate. Stem-hairs usually gland-tipped . T. labillardierei 5. winged . T. jitncea 1. not winged. Plant dimorphic; some branches glabrous with linear leaves, some with dense, stout, antrorse hairs and broad-elliptical to almost orbicular leaves .... T. shiressii 2. Plants not dimorphic. 3. Stems almost completely leafless. T. stibaphylla 3. 3.* Stems leafy at least on the lower part. 111. Tremandraceae. {Thompson) 3 4.* Calyx-segments absent from the mature fruit, deciduous soon after anthesis at a distinct junction with the receptacle. 6. Leaves linear, the margins revolute. 7. Stem-hairs stout, numerous and regularly antrorse. 8. Leaves whorled . T. ericifolia 7. 8. * Leaves alternate . T. decora ll. 1* Stem-hairs not as above. 9. Stem-hairs ail 0.5-1.5 mm long and tending to be antrorse; occasionally the stems glabrous. Ovules 4, 2 in each loculus. 10. Leaf-margins closely revolute. T. rupicola 9. 10. * Leaf-margins recurved to loosely revolute. . T. thymifoUa 10. 9.* Stem-hairs usually of 2 kinds, one minute patent or retrorse and if not present elsewhere at least found at the nodes, the other 0.5-1.5 mm long (if absent then the minute hairs dense and retrorse). Ovules 2, 1 in each loculus. 11. Most stem-hairs short and conspicuously retrorse . T. rubioides 12. 11 .* Stem-hairs usually both short and long but if most short then these not conspicuously retrorse. 12. Leaves in strict whorls of 4-6 and usually less than 1 mm in width. . T. neglecta \2. 12.* Leaves alternate, opposite or in ir¬ regular whorls of 3, 4 or rarely 5, usually more than 1 mm in width .... . T. pilosa 14. 6.* Leaves narrow-elliptical to almost orbicular, the margins flat, recurved or loosely rcvolute. 13. Stem-hairs stout, numerous and regularly antrorse.. . T. decora 11. 13.* Stem-hairs not as above. 14. Stems covered with minute tubercles which are often produced into minute patent hairs and with few to numerous spreading hairs 0.5-1.5 mm long . T. pilosa 14. 14.* Stems not as above. 15. Peduncles bearing glandular hairs. Calyx- segments often reflexed . T. ciliata 6. 15.* Peduncles without glandular hairs. Calyx- segments rarely reflexed. 16. Most stem-hairs <0.5 mm long and curved or curled . T. bauerifolia 8. 16.* Most stem-hairs 0.5-1.5 mm long, lending to be antrorse but many twisted or irregular. T. thymifoUa 10. 1. Tetrafheca juncea Sm., Specimen Bot. New Holland: 5, t. 2 (1793); Steetz, FamilieTremandreen: 11 (1853); Schuchardt, Syn. Tremandr.: 18 (1853); Bentham, FI. Austral. 1: 132 (1863); F. Mueller, Fragm. 12: 6 (1882); Moore & Betche, Handb. FI. New South Wales: 36 (1893); Cheel in Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 38: 528 (1913); Maiden & Betche, (Tensus New South Wales PI.: 119 (1916); Beadle, Evans & Carolin, FI. Sydney Region: 172 (1972); Beadle, Stud. FI. NE. New South Wales: 157 (1973); J. Thompson in Telopea 1: 183 (1976). 4 111. Tremandraceae. {Thompson) A prostrate, usually leafless shrub with stems to 1 m in length, branching above a woody stock which is often horizontal and rhizomatous. Stems with 2 or 3 wings, somewhat quadrangular at the base, glabrous and covered with minute tubercles, the branches erect, alternate. Leaves alternate, to 20 mm in length and 5 mm in width, usually narrow-elliptical but at the base occasionally obovate, both surfaces glabrous, the lower somewhat paler, the margins flat or recurved, the apex blunt or pointed, the petiole absent; usually all leaves reduced to glabrous, very narrowly deltoid scales 3 mm or less in length. Flowers occurring singly or paired in leaf axils, the peduncles 5-10 mm long, ^abrous, the top gradually expanding to a receptacle less than 1 mm in diameter. Calyx-segments deciduous, 1-1.5 mm long, usually almost orbicular, often broader than long, obtuse to somewhat acuminate but the upper margins often almost crenulate, glabrous, each segment attached at the edge of the receptacle and the base of the segment curved over the receptacle and top of the peduncle. Petals obovate to broadly linguiform, 7-11 mm long, deciduous. Stamens 3-3.5 mm long, the filament 0.5 mm or less in length, the body of the anther 2-2.5 mm long, glabrous, the base flattened for the lower 0.5 mm and then abruptly curved or angled to approximately 90°, the apex tapering to a somewhat curved, tapering anther-tube c. 0.75 mm long with a rather narrow orifice. Ovary glabrous, the style slender, glabrous, 1.75-2 mm long, the ovules in each ovary 4. Fruit obovate, often beaked, somewhat stalked, 6-8 mm long. Seeds c. 4 mm long, obovoid-cylindrical, the appendage cream, irregularly twisted beyond the seed, hairy. FI.: mostly July-Dee. Distribution: Southern part of the North Coast and adjoining part of the Central Coast with an apparently disjunct area in the Port Jackson-Botany Bay district in which it is perhaps now extinct; in sandy, occasionally somewhat swampy, heath and dry sclerophyll forest. North Coast: Above quarry, Mt Bulladelah Pulahdelah], Ford NStV 125305, 10.1951; Wallaroo, Burgess NSIV125292, 8.1961; Wallsend, Boorman NStV 19693, 9.1904, NSW 125308, 10.1899; Newcastle, Cambage 433, 7.1901; New Lambton, Newcastle, Wilson NSW 125297, 9.1937; Wakefield via Killingworth, Sullivan NSW 125289, 10.1940; Toronto, Lucas NSW 125286, 10.1926; Jewells Swamp, Belmont, Baxter NSW 114382, 9.1970; Belmont, Baxter NSW 114380, 12.1970. Central Coast: Lake Macquarie, (NSIP 125295, 125300); Morisset, Boorman NSW 12529, 9.1907; Pacific Highway, 4 miles [6 km] S. of Swansea, Coveny 2130, 9.1969; Ballman, [=Balraain?], Leichhardt NSW 125301,l.Xixx; Five Dock, Deane NSW 125299, 10.1884; Undercliffe, Fletcher NSW 125296, 9.1889; Bexley, Williams NSW 125307, 8.1913; Kogarah, Cornfield NSW 125306, 9.1893; Carlton, Cornfield NSW 125302, 125290, 8.1893. The winged stem distinguishes T. juncea from other Eastern Australian species. 2. Tetratheca shiressii Blakely in Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 50: 384 (1925); Beadle, Evans & Carolin, FI. Sydney Region: 171, 172 (1972); J. Thompson in Telopea 1: 185 (1976). A sprawling, weak-stemmed shrub usually 30-75 cm in height with numerous wiry stems arising from one or several places on a woody stock which may be either above or below the ground. Stems terete, somewhat longitudinally ridged, of two kinds (both usually found on the same plant), one glabrous, one with dense tubercle- based, pale brown, antrorse setae to 1 mm in length, the branches opposite, alternate or several together and at an acute angle. Leaves of the glabrous branches opposite or in whorls of 3, rarely 4, usually 1-2 cm in length and 1 mm or less in width, linear, glabrous or with a few fine hairs especially towards the base of the upper surface, the margins closely revolute, the apex slightly incurved, tapering to a firm blunt or almost pungent point, the petiole short or absent. Leaves of the pubescent branches usually in whorls of 3 or 4, rarely 5, occasionally opposite, 4-12 mm long and up to 6 mm wide, broad-elliptical to ovate or even almost orbicular, the upper surface glabrous or with coarse stout-based hairs or their bases especially near the margin, the lower surface much paler, glabrous except for a few setae on the broad lower midrib, the margins flat, undulate or somewhat revolute, the apex usually tapering 111. Tremandraceae. {Thompson) 5 to a blunt point, the petiole short or absent. Flowers occurring singly in the axils of upper leaves of both types, the peduncles 5-12 mm long, glabrous or with occasional setae, expanding conspicuously and somewhat angled in the upper part, expanding again, usually abruptly, at the top to form a receptacle c. 1.5 mm in diameter. Calyx-segments deciduous, 3-6 mm long, broad-lanceolate to ovate, acute to acumin¬ ate, glabrous, the base of each segment set well inside the top of the receptacle, the lower part of the segment with a somewhat thickened ridge across it above the outer rim of the receptacle. Petals obovate to linguiform, 1-2 cm long, deciduous. Stamens 3.5-4.25 mm long, the filament 0.7-1 mm long, the body of the anther c. 2.5 mm long, glabrous or rarely with a few minute hairs, curved at the base and flattened for c. 0.5 nun above the filament, scarcely contracting at the apex to a broad anther-tube 0.8-1 mm long, the tube tapering to a variable extent to an often rather broad orifice. Ovary covered with very minute, dense, stiff hairs and scattered small, gland-tipped hairs, the style 2-3 mm long with very minute hairs at the base and often some glandular hairs, the ovules in each ovary 4. Fruit obovate, somewhat stalked, 7.5 mm long but not seen in mature condition. Seeds not seen. FI.: mostly July-Oct. DiSTRiBU'noN: Central Coast, but not collected between the Hawkesbury R and Port Hacking R districts; in rocky, sandy or occasionally somewhat swampy heath. n Coast: Walkers Ridge Road, Wattagan State Forest, Doney NSW 115891, * Blakely NSW 125159, 7.1926; Peats Ridge, Chippendale Somersby, Chippendale NSW 125157, 125161, 8.1953; Gosford, Fletcher Cross NSW 125176, 8.1945; the Lookout, Woy Woy, McBarron Woy. McBarron 17658, 8.1969; Mt White, Chippendale NSW 125160, 125177, 8.1953; between Wondabyne and Woy Woy, Blakely NSW 125179, 8.1936; Kanong Trig., head of Mullett Creek, Blakely &. Shiress NSW 125153, 9.1923 (Holotype); Wondab^e, 5Airc.M & Blakely NSW 125180, 9.1923; head of Patonga Creek, Blakely, Shiress & Bolt NSW 125162, 10.1923; Patonga, near Dillons farm, Blakelv NSW 125752, 9.1936; Piles ’ Hawkesbury R, Blakely & Shiress NSW 125178, 10.1926;’ Peals Ferry, Constable NSW Hawkesbury R, Fraser NSW 114397, 7.1931; Cronulla, Rodway NSW 125164, 8.1933; Port Hacking, Rodway NSW 125169, 8.1933, Cheel NSW 3737, 8.1915: National Park, near road from Audley to Wattamolla, Goode 421, 10.1961; Coast road. National NSW 125173, 8.1952; Uloola track, Royal National Park near Waterfall, Caveny 2100, 9.1969; Waterfall, Deane NSW 125172, 9.1888; Helensburgh, Baker NSW 125170, 9.1895; Bulli-Appm Road, 5 miles [8 km] from Bulli Pass, Rodway NSW 125165, 9.1934. T. shiressii is readily distinguished from all other species by the dimorphic character of stems and leaves. Neither its flowers nor either of its vegetative forms bears a close similarity to any other species. 3. Tetratheca subaphylla Benth., FI. Austral. 1: 132 (1863); Ewart et al., Field Nat. Club Census PI. Victoria: 40 (1923); Ewart, FI. Victoria: 713 (1931); J. H. Willis, Handb. PI. Victoria 2: 196 (1973); J. Thompson in Telopea 1: 186 Tetratheca ericifolia Sm. var. aphylla F. Muell., PI. Indig. Colony Victoria 1:183 (1860-1862). ^ A straggling or semi-prostrate shrub with stems, as seen in specimens, 60 cm in length, the woody stock rather slender. Stems terete, often ending in a blunt point, glabrous or rarely with occasional, fine, long, white hairs, always covered with minute tubercles, rarely, above the nodes, the tubercles elongating into minute, white, antrorse or retrorse hairs, the branching alternate and usually at an acute angle but the branches often recurving. Leaves alternate, 1.5 cm long, broadly oblanceolate, flat with recurved margins; rarely seen, usually reduced to narrowly ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, sessile scales c. 2.5 mm long, glabrous or with minute tubercles or hairs, and soon deciduous. Flowers occurring singly or paired in leaf axils of the upper branches, the peduncles 2-7 mm long, glabrous, with scattered, minute, shining spots, the top of the peduncle gradually broadening and often angled, expanding into a receptacle 1 mm or less in diameter. Calyx-segments deciduous, c. 1 mm long, obtuse to somewhat acuminate, glabrous on the outer surface with G 40213J—2 6 111. Tremandraceae. {Thompson) some shining spots, broadly ovate to orbicular, the base of each recurved over the receptacle. Petals obovate, 7.5-10 mm long, deciduous. Stamens 2.5-3 mm long, the filament less than 0.5 mm in length, the body of the anther c. 1.5 mm long, glabrous, the base flattened for 0.2-0.4 mm above the filament and then curving abruptly almost at a right angle, the apex tapering somewhat to a broad anther-tube 0.7 mm long, variably tapering to a broad orifice. Ovary densely or rather sparsely covered with minute stiff hairs and with scattered, small, gland-tipped hairs, the slender style 2.5-3.5 mm long, with minute stiff hairs, the ovules in each ovary 2. Fruit obovate to obcordate, slightly stalked, 3-4 mm long. Seeds 2.5-3 mm long, somewhat obovoid, the appendage cream, with fine spreading hairs, the upper part white, extending along the side of the seed or irregularly wound around itself. FI.: mostly Oct.-Mar. Distribution: Far South Coast (ranges) and Tablelands; on rocky hillsides usually in mountain eucalypt forest. Also in eastern Victoria. South Coast: Upper slopes of Mt Imlay, Rodway NSW I25II5, 3.1937. Southern Tablelands: Geehi R Valley, Woodhams NSW 125112, 12.1957; Claymore Creek aqueduct. Snowy Mtns, Raine ANU 10314, 12.1971; Sources of the Genoa R, Mueller NSW 125113, 1860 (Syntype). Its terete leafless stems distinguish T. subapliylla from all other Eastern Australian species. 4. Tetratheca glandulosa Sm., Exot. Bot. 1: 39, t. 21 (Mar. 1805); Rudge in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 8: 294 (1807); J. Thompson in Telopea 1: 187 (1976). Tetratheca denticulata Sieber ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. 4: 147 (1827); Schuchardt, Syn. Tremandr.: 28 (1853).— Tetratheca pilosa Labill. var. denticulata (Sieber ex Spreng.) Benth., FI. Austral. 1: 132 (1863); Cheel in Proc. Linn. Soc. New South \Vales 38: 528 (1913); Beadle, Evans & Carolin, FI. Sydney Region: 171 (1972). [Tetratheca pilosa Labill. var. denticulata (Sieber) Steetz, FamilieTremandreen: 11 (1853) nomen nudum.] A low-growing spreading shrub, occasionally 50 cm but often 20 cm or less in height, usually branching several times above but close to a woody stock. Stems slender, terete, somewhat longitudinally ridged below the nodes on younger growth, often covered with irregular longitudinal ridges with the thick bases of stout hairs spread along them, most parts usually covered with fine, white, curved, mostly retrorse hairs and with small tubercles and scattered, brown, short, stout hairs to 0.5 mm in length with very thick bases, and very rarely an occasional small gland-tip, especially just below each leaf, the branching alternate or opposite with the branches often spreading widely from the main stem. Leaves alternate to opposite or, rarely, in whorls of 3 or even 4, (3-) 5-10 (-20) mm, long and c. 1 (-2) mm wide, usually appearing linear owing to the rolled margin but often tapering towards the base, the upper surface with scattered, short, stiff, white hairs or glabrous but almost always with short, stout-based, stiff, occasionally gland-tipped, setae towards the margin giving the leaf a denticulate appearance, the lower surface usually glabrous but scarcely seen, the broad midrib often with stout glandular hairs or their bases, the apex somewhat curved upward with a small point, the margins usually closely revolute, the petiole negligible or absent. Flowers occurring singly or rarely paired in the axils of upper leaves, the peduncles 3-7 (-10) mm long, densely or sparsely covered with fine, white, straight, curved or curled hairs, rarely with these hairs absent, and with numerous, dark-red, gland-tipped and tubercle-based hairs to 0.5 mm in length, the top of the peduncle gradually, rarely abruptly, expanding into a receptacle and lacking any articulation at the base of the calyx-segments, usually 1-1.5 mm in diameter at the base of the segments. Calyx-segments persistent around the fruit, 2-3 mm long, ovate to broadly ovate or ovate-elliptical, acute or obtuse, each edged with gland-tipped hairs or their bases and with gland-tipped hairs on the back and rarely with a few, fine, white hairs. Petals obovate or narrowly obovate to 111. Tremandraceae. (Thompsoii) 7 linguiform or almost broadly cuneate, 4.5-10.5 mm long, the petals persisting around the fruit. Stamens 3-3.5 mm long, the filament broad, occasionally tending to be joined at the base with the other filament in front of the same petal, c. 0.5 mm long but difficult to distinguish from the base of the body of the anther, the body c. 2 mm long, glabrous or with stiff hairs, the base very much flattened for c. 1 mm and then variously curved often out and then up, often sharply, the apex contracted into an anther-tube 0.75-1.25 mm long, curved and tapering to a narrow orifice. Ovary with rather dense, spreading, slender, glandular hairs usually 0.2-0.5 mm long, often with a few, short, shiny, white hairs among them, rarely glabrous, the slender style, rarely splitting into 2, 2.5-3 mm long, glabrous or with straight shining hairs at the base or slender glandular hairs, the ovules in each ovary 2. Fruit hidden by persistent flower parts, obcuneate, 3-7 mm long. Seeds more than 3 mm long, cylindrical, the appendages beyond the seed dark cream, with 3-5 coils. FI.: mostly July-Nov. Distribution: Northern part of the Central Coast; in sandy or rocky heath or scrub. Central Coast: C. 2 miles [3 km] S. of Sampsons Pass on Old North Road, Briggs NSW 125253, 10.1965; Mangrove Mountain, Cheel NSW2228, 11.1927; 3 miles [5 km] NE. of Wisemans Ferry on road to Ten Mile Hollow, Briggs NSW 125282, 8.1965; Calga, Cross NSW 125265, 8.1945; Maroota, Blakely NSW 125274, 9.1927; Glenoric, Winter NSW 125259, 9.1929, Blakely NSW 125258, 9.1938; Peats road, Deane NSW 125269, 8.1883; Cowan, Boorman & Anderson NSW 125284, 8.1921, Blakely NSW 125260, 12.1938; between Arcadia and Bcrowra Ferry, Blakely NSW 125249, 12.1938; Berowra, Boorman NSW 125254, 10.1899; N. end of Eurabba Road, Duffys Forest, Coveny 599, 10.1968; Tunks Creek, Galston Gorge, Johnson 795, 10.1946; Hornsby, Blakely NSW 125248, 10.1914, Fletcher NSW 125277, 9.1886; Waitara, Fitzgerald NSW 125245, 11.1908; Tumble-Down-Dick, Blakely NSW 125280,9.1937; Wahroonga, Salasoo 734, 8.1951; Frenchs Forest road. Cornfield NSW 125281, 9.1897; Oxford Falls, Chippendale NSW 125276, 8.1953; between Killara and St Ives, Blakely & Anderson NSW 3738, 9.1936; Pennant Hills, Fraser NSW 125264, 11.1927; Beecroft, Laseron NSW 125265, 9.1906; Lindfield, Cambage NSW 125256, 8.1908; Middle Harbour, Dixon NSW 125250, 8.1903; Helms NSW 125273, 9.1901; between Wakehurst Parkway and Manly Reservoir, Coveny NSW 125278, 7.1966; Brookvale, Harris NSW 3739, 9.1922; Frenchs Forest, Manly, Shiress NSW 125255, 7.1913; Manly, Fletcher NSW 125275, 8.1887; Middle Harbour, Spit, Camfield NSW 125261, 8.1897; Ballman [=BrL\rx\^\r\7'\, Leichhardt NSW 125247, 7.\8 \-k; Blue Mountains, Atkinson (MEL 1007738); Parramatta, Woods {UEL 1007734, 1007914, 1007915). This species was included in Tetratheca pilosa Labill. by Candolle, Prodr. I: 343 (1824); Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 2: 214 (1825); Steudel, Nomencl. Bot. [ed. 2] 2: 673 (1841); Woolls, PI. Ind. Neighb. Sydney: 11 (1880) and C. Moore, Census PI. New South Wales: 5 (1884). W. J. Hooker in J. Bot. (Hooker) 1: 248 (1834-1836) thought it better placed with T. glandulosa Labill.’ [T. labillardierei], T. glandulosa is characterized by its persistent calyx-segments, its fruit re¬ maining surrounded by the remains of the flower. This condition is also found in the obviously related T. labillardierei. 5. Tetratheca labillardierei 7. Thompson in Telopea 1: 189 (1976). Tetratheca glandulosa Labill., Nov. Holl. PI. Spec. 1: 96, t. 123 (November 1805) nom. illegit. non Smith (March 1805); Steetz, Familie Tremandreen: 11 (1853); Schuchardt, Syn. Tremandr.: 33 (1853); J. D. Hooker, FI. Tasmaniae 1: 34 (1855); Bentham, FI. Austral. 1: 131 (1863); Rodway, Tasmanian FI.: 10 (1903) excl. syn. 'T. ericifolia Sm. (partly)’; Costin, Ecosyst. Monaro Region New South Wales: 117 (1954); Curtis, Stud. FI. Tasmania 1: 57 (1956); J. H. Willis, Handb. PI. Victoria 2: 196 (1973). Tetratheca glandulosa Labill. var. angustifolia Schuchardt, Syn. Tremandr.: 34 (1853). Tetratheca glandulosa Labill. var. orbifolia Blakely ex Court in Victorian Naturalist 63: 175 (1957). 8 111 . Tremandraceae. {Thompson) An erect compact shrub to 1 m in height but often much less, the lateral branches usually numerous and erect, the stock rarely collected but apparently branched and in the Mt Budawang specimen interlocked and appearing rhizomatous. Stems terete but often covered with longitudinal ridges extending from stout hair- bases, covered with fine, white, curved, usually retrorse hairs with small swollen bases interspersed with scattered or dense, stout, white or pale setae from 0.5 to more than 1 mm in length, the tips usually glandular, very dark and often large, the branching alternate and at an acute angle. Leaves alternate or rarely some irregularly opposite, (2-) 3-10 (-20) mm long and rarely wider than 5 mm, very variable in shape, usually oblanceolate to broadly obovate but often widest below the centre, occasionally almost orbicular and sometimes appearing linear owing to the rolled margins, the upper surface covered with fine white hairs and/or short rather stiff hairs, rarely almost glabrous, and with some glandular hairs similar to those on the stems near the margin, the apex often incurved and bearing a glandular hair with a broad base or just its base, the petiole distinct, (0.5-) 1 (-2) mm long with dense fine hairs and a few glandular hairs. Flowers occurring singly or paired in the axils of upper leaves, the peduncles 3-7 mm long, densely covered with numerous, white to pale-brown, tubercle-based and large-, usually red-, gland-headed hairs 0.5-2 mm long, the top of the peduncle gradually expanding to a receptacle 1-1.5 mm in diameter, and lacking any articulation at the base of the calyx-segments. Calyx- segments tardily deciduous or persistent around the fruit, 1.^3 mm long, broad- lanceolate to orbicular, acuminate to obtuse with usually short and red, gland-tipped and -based hairs and usually with a few, short, straight, fine, white hairs. Petals broadly obovate to broadly ovate, 6-11 mm long, usually tardily deciduous and occasionally persisting around the fruit. Stamens 3.5-4 mm long, the filament broad, occasionally tending to be joined to the other filament in front of the same petal, usually 0.5-1 mm long but often difficult to distinguish from the base of the body of the anther, the body 1.5-2.5 mm long with short stiff hairs or minutely scabrous, occasionally glabrous, the lower 0.25-0.5 mm flattened especially near the filament and rather variably curved or angled, the apex tapering to a rather curved broad anther-tube 1-1.5 mm long, rarely less, the orifice broad. Ovary covered with dense stiff hairs and gland-tipped hairs often 0.5 mm in length, occasionally the hairs of one or other or both kinds sparse, the style 2.25-3.5 mm long, slender, occasionally broader at the base, the lower part bearing straight shining hairs and glandular hairs, rarely the styles 2, the ovules in each ovary 2. Fruit obcordate to broadly obcuneate, 4.5-5 mm long, the remains of the perianth persistent or deciduous. Seeds 3.5 mm long, shortly cylindrical, the appendage cream with 3 or more horizontal coils, with a few fine spreading hairs. FI.: mostly Oct.-Jan. Distribution: Southern Tablelands; in heath and sderophyll forest especially on rocky mountain-tops. Also in Victoria and eastern Tasmania. Southern Tablelands: Mt Budawang, 12 miles [19 km] E. of Braidwood, Constable 6960, 5.1966; Kybean, Costin NSW 131845, 12.1949; Kydra, Costin NSW 131844, 10.1948; Mt Kosciusko, Findlay 1883 (MEL 1008179); Mt Tingiringi, 4500' [1370 m], Bauerlen 188, 2«1S89 This species with its persistent or tardily deciduous calyx-segments is very closely related to T. glandulosa. Both have an abundance of glandular hairs. In T. labillardierei these are usually found over most of the plant but in T. glandulosa they are usually conspicuous only on the peduncle and calyx-segments. 6 . Tetratheca ciliata Lindl. in Mitchell, Three Exped. 2: 206 (1838); Steetz, Familie Tremandreen: 11 (1853); Schuchardt, Syn. Tremandr.: 32 (1853); J. D. Hooker, FI. Tasmaniae 1: 34 (1855); Bentham, FI. Austral. 1: 130 (1863) excl. syn. T. bauerifolia; F. Mueller, Fragm. 12: 7 (1882); Tate, Handb. FI. Extratrop. South Australia: 37 (1890); Rodway, Tasmanian FI.: 10 (1903); Ewart et al., Field Nat. Club Census PI. Victoria: 40 (1923); J. M. Black, FI. South Australia 2: 346 (1924); 111. Tremandraceae. (Thompson) 9 Ewart, FI. Victoria; 712 (1931); J. M. Black, l.c. [ed. 2] 2: 503 (1948); TurriU in Bot. Mag. n.s.: t. 62 (1949); Curtis, Stud. FI. Tasmania 1: 56 (1956); J. H. Willis, Handb . PI. Victoria 2: 195 (1973); J. Thompson in Telopea 1: 192 (1976). Tetratheca ciliata Lindl. var. glabra Schuchardt, Syn. Tremandr. 33 (1853). Tetratheca ciliata var. alba Ewart, FI. Victoria: 713 (1931). A slender shrub up to 1 m in height, usually weak-stemmed and straggling with several or numerous branches arising, often several together, from a branched often stout woody base. Stems terete, irregularly longitudinally ridged, the hairs often rather dense, spreading, usually erect, of varying lengths in the one area, from very short to 1 mm, white to pale brown, shining, rarely with a few, red, glandular hairs with small dark tips, occasionally the stems glabrous but then covered with minute tubercles, the branching alternate or occasionally opposite, with the branches somewhat spreading. Leaves alternate, opposite or often in irregular whorls of 3, more rarely in regular whorls of 3, 4 or 5, very variable in size and shape even on one branch, often much narrower and smaller in the flowering region of the stem (especially on the lower part of the plant they may be 15 or almost 20 mm long and up to 15 mm wide but elsewhere even on the same specimen they may be 2 mm long and 1 mm wide), vaiying from narrowly elliptical to almost orbicular, tending to be rhomboidal or obtrullate, usually tapering at the extreme base, the upper surface glabrous or with scattered, fine, straight hairs especially just above the petiole, often with some stout seta-like hairs near the margin, occasionally with dense hairs of this kind, the lower surface much paler, glabrous or rarely with fine erect hairs or seta-like hairs on the midrib, the rriargins flat or with the edges recurved or revolute, usually un¬ dulate, the apex lacking a point, the petiole very distinct, 1 mm long, rather swollen at the base and/or attached to a swollen node. Flowers occurring singly or often 2 (3) together, in the axils of upper leaves, the peduncles 3-12 mm long, with numerous, white, erect, shining hairs and at least a few, often many, slender, though often broad-based, curved, dark-purple, gland-tipped hairs more than 0.5 mm but usually less than 1 mm long, the upper part of the peduncle expanded and somewhat ridged and at the top rather abruptly expanded into a receptacle 1-1.5 mm in diameter. Calyx-segments deciduous, 1.5-3 mm long, usually broadly ovate, obtuse to acuminate with scattered, white, shining, straight hairs and usually at least a few slender, purple, gland-tipped hairs up to 1 mm in length, the lower visible part of each segment not conspicuously thickened but the base attached inside the top of Uie receptacle, the upper part of the segment and more usually most of it almost invariably strongly reflexed. Petals varying from obovate to broadly or narrowly linguiform, 6-18 mm long, deciduous. Stamens 2.8-4.5 mm long, the filament 0.5 mm or less in length, the body of the anther 2-3 mm long, glabrous or with some short stiff, often stout, hairs, the extreme base somewhat flattened and slightly or strongly curved at 0.5 mm or less above the filament, the apex tapering somewhat into a rather broad anther- tube frorn less than 0.5 to 0.8 mm in length, the tube variably tapering to a rather broad orifice. Ovary densely covered with short, velvety, white hairs and usually with some small, slender, gland-tipped hairs, rarely almost glabrous, the style 2-2.5 mm long with the lower part covered with dense hairs, the ovules in each ovary 4. Fruit from the few fruiting specimens seen very variable in size and shape, 4-8 mm long, obovate to broadly obovate, the apex emarginate to beaked, the seeds leaving no thickening on the axis. Seeds 2-3 mm long, obovoid, the appendage cream with 2 adaxially directed spreading coils with sparse fine hairs. FI. : mostly Oct.-Nov. Distribution: South Coast, Southern Tablelands and South Western Slopes; in heath and sclerophyll forest. Also in Victoria, southeastern South Australia and northern Tasmania. South Coast: Cobargo, Tilba, MacGillivray per A. Morris 1144. Southern Table¬ lands: Batlow, Boorman NSW 19691, 10.1916; above Batlow to the South, Mueller 1263, 3.1953; near Kunama c. 10 miles [16 km] from Batlow on Tumbarumba road, Sutherland NSW G 40213J—3 10 111. Tremandraceae. {Thompson) 131803, 2.1954; Bago State Forest, Batlow, Giles NSW 131790, 10.1962; Tumbarumba, Dwyer 1448, 11.1927; Tumbarumba, Boorman NSW 131798, 10.1961; near base of Mt Kosciusko, [coll.?], 10.1887 (MEL). South Western Slopes: Gilmore, near Tumut, Boorman NSW 131791, 10.1916; Tumut, Mecham NSW 131800, 9.1895 ; 5 miles (8 km] SW. of Carabost, Logan NSW 84023, 11.1966; Jingellic, Boyle NSW 131801, 10.1936. T. ciliata is characterized by its conspicuously reflexed calyx and its stems where hairs of varying length are found in any one area. 7. Tetratheca ericifolia Sm., Exot. Bot. 1: 37, t. 20 (1805); Beadle, Stud. FI. NE. New South Wales: 157 (1973); J. Thompson in Telopea 1: 194 (1976). The concept of this species became much enlarged soon after its original description was published and it is possible that even the early references may include other species. There is a list of references with comments in Thompson, loc. cit. A diffuse or compact shrub usually 15-40 cm in height, with a stout or branched stock, with numerous stems arising at the top of the stock, branching several times near the base of the plant, occasionally with numerous branches in the upper part. Stems terete, somewhat 4-angled below the nodes, covered with pale brown, regularly retrorse, tubercle-based setae c. 0.5 mm long, the branching usually alternate, occasionally several branches arising together. Leaves in whorls of 4-6, occasionally a few alternate or opposite at the base of a branch, (3-) 5-7 (-10) mm long and c. I (-1.5) mm wide, often rather recurved, linear or tending to taper towards the apex, the upper surface with tubercles at least near the margins or more rarely smooth, often bearing short, stout, antrorse hairs and with other scattered, antrorse to almost erect, short, stiff hairs, the lower surface paler, glabrous, often with setae on the broad midrib, the margins revolute but some of the lower surface usually showing especially near the base and usually most of the midrib showing, the apex obtuse but usually with a minute often recurved point, the petiole short but usually distinct. Flowers occurring singly in the leaf-axils, the peduncles 10 mm to more than 25 mm in length in the mature flower, glabrous, the upper part somewhat expanded and the extreme upper part often abruptly expanded to form a receptacle c. 1 mm in diameter. Calyx-segments deciduous, (I-) 1.5 (-2) mm long, ovate to broadly ovate, obtuse to acuminate, with red, small-tipped, broad-based, glandular hairs I mm long or glabrous, the base of each segment thickened especially in the centre over the rim of the receptacle, the segments attached inside the rim. Petals narrowly to broadly ovate to narrowly or broadly linguiform, 5-12.5 mm long, deciduous. Stamens 2.75 mm long, the filament rather broad, c. 0.5 mm or less in length, the body of the anther 1.5-2 mm long, glabrous, the lower 0.25 mm flattened and above that the body quite strongly curved, the upper part contracting into a tapering curved anther- tube 0.3-0.75 mm long with a narrow orifice. Ovary glabrous or with a few, shining, hollow, broad-based hairs on the broad base, the style 1-1.5 mm long, glabrous, the ovules in each ovary 4. Fruit beaked, elliptical to somewhat cuneate or broadly cuneate to almost oblong, 6-8 mm long. Seeds 3-4 mm long, cylindrical, the append¬ age cream, with 4 coils beyond the seed, glabrous. FI.: throughout the year but mostly July-Dee. Distribution: Southern part of the North Coast, Central Coast and southern part of the Central Tablelands; in sandy heath or forest. North Coast: Nabiac airstrip, Coveny 674, 12.1968; Nelson Bay, Lithgow 155, 5.1965. Central Coast: Gosford, Purser NSW 125197, 9.1899; Mt White, Chippendale NSW 125218, 8.1953; Wondabyne, Blakely <6 Shiress NSW 125196, 12.1922, Blakely NSW 125195, 9.1938; “Warrah”, near Pearl Beach, Oxenford NSW 125193, 4.1949; by San Martin Drive, Ku-ring-gai Chase, Goode 404, 10.1961; Ku-ring-gai Chase, between top of Pittwater and Terry Hills, Goode 282, 1.1955; McCarrs Creek, The Duckhole, Mair NSW 125208, 7.1952; Berowra, Rodd NSW 125214, 8.1970; Glenorie, Blakely 125191, 9.1938; N. end of Eurabba road, Duffys Forest, Coveny 597, 600, 10.1968; Tumble-Down-Dick, Blakely NSW 125226, 9.1937; Asquith, Thomas NSW 125194, 8.1951; Hornsby, Shiress NSW 125211, 10.1914; Elouera Reserve, Coveny NSW 111. Tremandraceae. {Thompson) 11 125200, 7.1966; Pennant Hills, Fraser NSW 125199, 9.1934; Frenchs Forest, Blackbutt Road, Chippendale NSW 125227, 8.1953; Frenchs FotesX, Rodway NSW 125205, 9.1930; Lindfield, Ford NSW 125201, 5.1946, Dixon NSW 125206, 9.1903; Brookvale, Manly, Cheel NSW 125203, 9.1898; Manly, Boorman NSW 125204, 9.1903; Springwood, Cross NSW 125212, 3.1934; Northbridge, Blakely NSW 125224, 9.1934; South Head, Port Jackson, Mueller 7.1855 (MEL 1007746); Rose Bay, Helms NSW 125223, 9.1900; Engadine, Williams NSW 114925, 11.1960; between Appin and Bulli Pass, Cross NSW 125209, 1.1933. Central Tablelands: Mittagong, Dixon NSW 125225. This species is characterized by its long slender peduncles and the gland-tipped hairs which usually cover the small calyx. It can be separated from other species with whorled linear leaves by its stem-pubescence of regularly antrorse setae. 8. Tetratheca baucrifolia F. Muell. ex Scinichardt, Syn. Tremandr.: 29 (1853) ^baueraefolia’; Turrill in Bot. Mag. n.s.: t. 62 (1949); J. Thompson in Telopea 1: 196 (1976). A compact shrub usually up to 30 cm in height with several or many branches from a slender or robust branched stock which appears to root at the nodes. Stems often with several branches arising together, sometimes only one or two at each node, terete or somewhat quadrangular below the nodes and usually rather irregularly longitudinally ridged, with rather dense, short, usually curved or curled, white to pale brown and shining hairs, occasionally some red hairs with small gland-tips and usually some scattered, rarely dense, broad-based, usually antrorse setae up to 1 mm in length. Leaves in whorls of 4-6, (<4-) 6-8 (-10) mm in length and 2-3 mm wide, narrowly elliptical to obovate, tending to recurve and then incurved towards the apex, the upper surface rarely glabrous, usually with short, stiff hairs at least near the apex and occasionally with tubercle-based setae near the margin, on a Mt Buffalo specimen with numerous, long, shining hairs, the lower surface paler, usually glabrous but occasionally with short stiff hairs or setae especially on the midrib, the margins flat, recurved or loosely revolute, the apex with a small blunt or rarely sharp point, the petiole short or negligible. Flowers occurring singly, occasionally paired, in the axils of upper leaves, the peduncles lengthening as the flower matures, 1-2 cm long in the mature flower, usually with scattered shining spots, glabrous or very rarely with a few, erect, shining, white hairs near the top, the upper part often hooked, broadening at the top and again, often quite abruptly, expanding to form a receptacle 1 mm in diameter. Calyx-segments deciduous, 1.5-2 mm long, ovate to broad-ovate, obtuse, acute or very shortly acuminate, the outer surface glabrous except rarely for a few, fine, white hairs, with scattered shining spots, the base of each segment attached inside the top of the receptacle but not or scarcely thickened above the edge of the receptacle. Petals broadly to narrowly obovate or contracted abruptly towards the base so as to be broadly linguiform, 6-10 mm long, deciduous. Stamens 2.5-3.5 mm long, the filament less than 0.25 to 0.75 mm in length, the body of the anther 1.5-2 mm long, glabrous or with scabridities or short stiff hairs, the lower 0.5 mm or even 1 mm flattened and the body then slightly or strongly curved above this and tapering at the apex to a rather broad, somewhat curved, anther-tube less than 0.25 to 0.75 mm in length and variably tapering to a broad or narrow orifice. Ovary densely covered with short, stiff, antrorse hairs or with longer, shining, hollow hairs usually 0.5 (-1) mm or less in length, often also with slender gland-tipped hairs, or glabrous, often with only a few hairs of one or more types, the slender style 1.75-2 mm long, the base glabrous or with short stiff hairs, the ovules in each ovary 4. Fruit cordate, shortly cuneate to broadly obovate, 5-8 mm long, beaked with the remains of the style. Seeds not seen. FI.: Sept.- Dee. Distribution: Central and Southern Tablelands; in exposed rocky areas in open forest at altitudes of over 600 m, and usually over 1000 m. Also in Victoria where it extends as far as the Brisbane Ranges. 12 111. Tremandraceae. {Thompson) Central Tablelands: Hill End, Lauterer (MEL 1008170); Mullion Range State Forest, Giles NSW 119702, 10.1955; Bathurst (MEL 1007757); Rocky Top, 3 miles [5 km] W. of Kanangra Tops, Johnson NSW 119687, 10.1948; Taralga-Wombeyan Caves, Moore 2639, 10.1953. Southern Tablelands; Kingsdalc, 4 miles [6 km] N. from Goulburn, Lumsden NSW 119711, 10.1906; Goulburn-Bungonia, Moore 2585, 9.1953; Mulloon, de Beuzeville NSW 119710, 10.1918; Bungendore, McGillivray 613, 10.1957; Uriarra-Brindabella road near Mt Franklin turnoff, A.C.T., Rodd & Coveny 2570, 12.1967; Brindabella Range near Blundell, A.C.T., Hoog- land 6287, 11.1956; Bulls Head, A.C.T., McGillivray NSW 119694, 11.1957; between Bulls Head & Mt Franklin, A.C.T., Darbyshirc 71, 12.1960; Blowering, Giles NSW 119708, 11.1962; Currockbilly Mtn near Braidwood, Boorman NSW 119690, 9.1915; Mongarlowe R,c. 1.6 km S. of Mongarlowe, De Nardi 542, 11.1970; Upper Gorge, Gibraltar Creek, A.C.T., Burbidge 11.1962; “Booroomba” [A.C.T.]—Queanbeyan, Gamboge NSW 119703, 11.1911; Rules Point road, 24 miles [39 km] NE. of Rules Point, Whaite 2897, 10.1965; Rendezvous Creek district, A.C.T., Schodde 1188, 11.1960; between Hickory Creek and Pinbeyan Creek, N. of Ravine, Bryant & Plainer NSW 119699, 10.1966; “Little Tinderry” near Tinderry Mtns, Costin NSW 119696, 10.1948. This species is referred to by Burbidge & Gray, FI. Austral. Cap. Territory: 242 (1970), as Tetratheca aff. ericifolia Sm. T. bauerifolia, although so often confused with other species, is quite distinct. It can usually be recognized at a glance from its whorled non-linear leaves and slender, usually hooked peduncles. The stem-pubescence of short, usually dense, curved or curled hairs is characteristic. The calyx and peduncle in this species resemble those of the T. pilosa group. 9. Tetratheca rupicola 7. Thompson in Telopea 1: 198 (1976). A compact, or occasionally diffuse, shrub usually 20-40 cm in height with a stout, often branched stock and stems often branching several times near the base, the stock horizontal and rhizomatous and the plants over an area appearing so uni¬ form as to indicate connecting rhizomes. Stems terete, or quadrangular with sparse to numerous, white or grey, fine, tubercle-based hairs 0.5-1 mm long, the hairs tending to be antrorse but many twisted and irregularly directed, or glabrous with the tuber¬ cles conspicuous, the branches erect, alternate, opposite or several arising together. Leaves usually in whorls of 4 or 5, occasionally 6, rarely a few alternate, opposite or in threes near the bases of branches, 5-15 mm long and 1-1.5 mm wide, linear, tending to recurve and tapering towards the apex, the upper surface with scattered large tubercles from the remains of tubercle-based hairs, occasionally with a slender shining hair attached, especially on young growth, the lower surface little seen, then glabrous, the midrib glabrous, the margins closely revolute but often exposing the midrib, the apex rather acute with a usually recurved, often pungent, point, the petiole short or negligible. Flowers occurring singly in the leaf-axils, the peduncles usually 7-13 mm long, glabrous or with fine, spreading, curved, white hairs, the upper part thickened and widening again at the top to form a receptacle 1—1.5 mm in diameter. Calyx-segments deciduous, 1.5-3.5 mm long, narrowly or broadly ovate to obovate, glabrous or with few or many, fine, white curved hairs, rarely, and usually at lower altitudes, with pale or red red-tipped, broad-based, glandular hairs, the lower part of each segment thickened especially in the centre above the margin of the receptacle. Petals obovate to broadly or narrowly linguiform, 6—15 mm long, deciduous. Stamens 2.5-3.5 mm long, the filament broad, 0.5 mm long, the body of the anther 1.75-2.5 mm long, glabrous, the extreme lower 0.3 mm flattened and above that the body slightly curved, the apex tapering above to a slightly or conspicuously curved tapering anther-tube 0.25-^.5 mm long with a narrow orifice. Ovary usually with dense, hoUow, white, shining hairs 1 mm or more in length, occasionally with some shorter stiff hairs among them, the shining long hairs may be dense, dense only in patches, few or the ovary completely glabrous, the style stout, 1-2.25 mm long, the base usually covered with erect hairs, the ovules in each ovary 4. Fruit beaked, narrowly ovate to broadly ovate or oblong, 5-7 mm long. Seeds 4 mm long, long- 111. Tremandraceae. {Thompson) 13 obovoid to cylindrical, the appendage cream, with 2-3 coils beyond the seed or with the tip directed along the adaxial surface, with minute spreading hairs. FI.: mostly Oct.-Dec. Distribution : Lower and Upper Blue Mountains (Central Coast and Central Tablelands); in rocky or sandy heath and sclerophyll forest. Central Coast: Yellow Rock Lookout, Springwood, Cross NSW 119638, 11.1933; St Columba’s College Estate, North Springwood, O'Flynn NSW 119637, 10.1938 ; 7 miles [11 km] SW. of Glenbrook, Briggs NSW 119630, 10.1968. Central Tablelands: Eastern Sawmill, Waterfall Creek, Mt Wilson, Johnson NSW 119641, 9.1949; Mt Wilson, Fletcher NSW 119639, c. 1886, Maiden NSW 119640, 11.1879 ; 3^- miles [5.5 km] along Mt Wilson road from Bells Line of Road, Tindale NSW 119629, 11.1969; ridge to Mt Haystack c. 3 km W. of Mt Tomah, Pickard 1227, 10.1970; between Blackheath and Mt Victoria, Maiden NSW 119606, 10.1886; Govetts Leap, Blackheath, Burgess CBG 035659, 11.1970; Blackheath, Tindale NSW 119626, 119628, 11.1969; luawson. King NSW 119612, 1.1925, Cornfield NSW 119634, 119607, 10.1896; Hazelbrook, Michael 1922, 12.1929; Wentworth Falls, Chippendale NSW 119608, 11.1952, Bowden & Coveny 3372, 11.1970 (Holotype), Blakely NSW3729,119603,119616,119617,119621, 119622, 119625, 11.1938; near Sublime Point, Leura, Goode 527, 12.1961; Katoomba, Cornfield NSW 119615, 12.1908; Orphan Rock, Katoomba, Blakely NSW 119631, 10.1937; Woodford, Cheel NSW 119610, 119611, 6.1913; Kings Tableland, Perrin NSW 119618, 10.1969; Burra- gorang to Wentworth Falls, Maiden NSW 119642, 119624, 10.1898; Mt Solitary, 5 miles [8 km] S. of Katoomba, Constable NSW52731, 11.1960. This species has been included in T. ericifoUa Sm. by most authors. A specimen labelled Flat Rock, Middle Harbour, Helms 10.1900 is unlikely to have come from tliat locality. T. rupicola is probably quite closely related to T. thymifolia from which it differs in its linear and closely revolute leaves. It is superficially similar to T. ericifoUa, T. neglecta and T. rubioides but can be readily distinguished by its fine white stem-hairs. Occasionally the two latter species can bear similar hairs but they have at least some minute erect or retrorse hairs as well. An examination of the number of ovules will always serve to distinguish them. 10. Tetratheca thymifolia Sm., Exot. Bot. 1: 41, t. 22 (1805); Steetz, Familie Tremandreen: 11 (1853); Schuchardt, Syn. Tremandr.: 30 (1853); Bentham, FI. Austral. 1: 130 (1863); F. M. Bailey, Queensland FI. 1: 76 (1899); Farmar in Bot. Mag.: t. 8028 (1905); Cheel in Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 38: 531 (1913) where other references are included; Domin in Biblioth. Bot. 22 (89^): 854 (1927); Beadle, Evans & Carolin, FI. Sydney Region: 172 (1972); Beadle, Stud. FI. NE. New South Wales: 156 (1973); J. Thompson in Telopea 1: 200 (1976).— Tetratheca ericifoUa var. thymifolia (Sm.) Maiden et Betche, Census New South Wales PI. : 119 (1916) incorrectly citing Mueller as the author. F. Mueller, PI. Indig. Colony Victoria 1:183 (1860-1862), implies varietal status but does not make the combination. Tetratheca thymifolia var. angustifolia Schuchardt, Syn. Tremandr.: 31 (1853). Tetratheca thymifolia forma latifolia Domin in Biblioth. Bot. 22 (89*): 854 (1927). [Tetratheca thymifolia var. latifolia Schuchardt, Syn. Tremandr.: 31 (1853) nomen nudum.] [Tetratheca thymifolia var. hebecarpa Steetz ex Schuchardt, Syn. Tremandr.: 31 (1853) nomen nudum in synon.] [Tetratheca thymifolia var. leiocarpa Steetz ex Schuchardt, loc. cit., nomen nudum in synon.] u 111. Tremandraceae. (Thompson) An erect or more frequently straggling shrub usually 0.2-1 m in height with many, usually erect, stems rising in clusters from a woody rhizomatous stock and usually with lateral spreading branches in the upper part of the plant. Stems terete, often covered with irregular longitudinal ridges, with dense, white to pale brown, tubercle-based, spreading, somewhat twisted (or even curled) setae to 1.5 mm in length, or with more sparse and straight antrorse setae, rarely glabrous, the branching alternate, opposite or with several branches arising together, usually erect, occasionally spreading. Leaves usually in whorls of 3-5, rarely a few opposite, alternate or in whorls of 6, (2-) 5-15 (-20) mm long and 1-8 mm wide, very broadly to very narrowly elliptical, rarely almost linear or almost orbicular, the upper surface with scattered, shining, usually antrorse, tubercle-based, white setae or hairs, often 1 mm long especially on the margins, occasionally short, straight or tending to be undulate, the lower surface paler, with scattered shining hairs, dense on the midrib, the margins loosely revolute, recurved or rarely flat, the apex obtuse or acute often with a short, blunt, incurved point, the petiole c. 1 mm long; in some coastal specimens the leaves may be quite glabrous and rather turgid, usually narrower and often more acute while in areas of higher altitude the leaves may be very densely hairy. Flowers occurring singly, rarely paired, in the upper leaf-axils, the peduncles lengthening as the flower matures, in mature flowers ^23 mm long, rarely glabrous, usually with sparse or numerous, shining, white hairs, of variable length but the longest rarely 1 mm, the hairs erect or somewhat antrorse, straight or somewhat curved or twisted, the top of the peduncle enlarging, usually gradually and then abruptly to form a receptacle c. 1 mm in diameter. Calyx-segments deciduous, (I.5-) 2.5-3 (-5) mm long, lanceolate to broadly ovate, acuminate to long-acuminate, rarely acute, with shining, fine, white, straight or curled hairs from less than 0.5 to 1 mm in length, and often with red gland-tipped setae c. 0.5 mm or more in length, rarely glabrous or without fine white hairs, each segment attached inside the top of the receptacle and usually a little thickened across the base. Petals variable in shape, usually broadly ovate or linguiform, rarely elliptical, 6-15 mm long, deciduous. Stamens 3-4 mm long, the filament 0.5-1 mm long, the body of the anther 2-3 mm long, the lower c. 0.5 mm sometimes more or less flattened, the body above this curved to a variable extent, glabrous, rarely with a few hairs, tapering at the top to a curved anther-tube of 0.75 mm or less contracting to a narrow (or occasionally broad) orifice. Ovary with dense short, antrorse hairs, and hollow shining hairs up to 1 mm long, often with long, slender, gland-tipped hairs as well, rarely quite glabrous, the style 1.5-2.5 mm long and usually with dense, short, stiff hairs at the base, the ovules in each ovary 4. Fruit cordate to obcordate, depressed-globular or cuneate, beaked, often irregularly developed, 4-6 mm long. Seeds 2.5-3 mm long, in general ovoid and very turgid, the appendage pale cream with up to 3 coils, sometimes curved along the adaxial side and back, with long fine hairs. FI.: throughout the year but mostly Sept.-Nov. Distribution: Coast and adjacent Tablelands; usually, but not invariably, in sandy soils in heath and sclerophyll forest. Also in southern Queensland and eastern Victoria. North Coast: Mt Lindesay, Boorman NStV 125388, 8.1916; Brunswick Heads, H'iburd hismore, Rothwetl NSW 125385, 10.1906; Ballina, Watts NSW 125385, 9.1900; Girard State Forest, 30 miles [48 km] from Tenterfield on Casino Road, Hasscy NSW 19697, 11.1932; Wardell, Lumley NSW 125384, 4.1941; Harwood to Broadwater, Cheel NSW 125391, 9.1916; South West Rocks, Coveny NSW 125394, 9.1967; Port Macquarie, Brown NSW 125393, 2.1897; Comboyne, Chisholm NSW 125404, 6.1934; Kendall, Bailey NSW 125405, 8.1932; Johns R, Boorman NSW 19696, 8.1918; Gloucester, Boorman NSW 125408, 6.1915; Alum Mtn, Bulladelah [Bulahdelah], Maiden NSW 125396, 10.1907; Myall Lakes- Broadwater, Earp 6428, 1.1964; Nelson Bay, Lithgow NSW 125411, 11.1964; Newcastle, Leich- Wallsend, Cambage 527, 10.1901; Awaba, Boorman NSW 125415, 10.1899. Central Coast: Grassy Hill, S. of Putty, Constable NSW 19692, 9 1948- Colo Heights, Coveny NSW 125328, 7.1967; Gosford, Beane NSW 125335, 1888; Maroota, makely NSW 125351, 9.1938; Hornsby, Blakely NSW 125352, 125340, 10.1914; Wahroonga, Cornfield NSW 125336, 119684, 11.1898; Oxford Falls, Chippendale NSW 125353, 8.1953; Queens Park near Rand wick, Cheel NSW 125311, 8.1898; Burragorang, Davis NSW 125322, 111. Tremandraceae. {Thompson) 15 12.1923; Picton Lakes, Thirlmcre, Briggs NSIV 125319, 11.1965; Little R, Buxton, Whaite 1069, 9.1951; Budgong, Shoalhaven R, Rodway NSW 125312, 9.1921. South Coast: Huskisson, Rodway NSW 125359, 10.1915; Jervis Bay, Fletcher NSW 125360, 9.1893; Tomerong road. Rodway NSW 125357, 9.1915; Clyde R, S. of Mt Pigeon House, Currie NSW 125362, 10.1954; K-ioloa State Forest, Pullen 4149, 10.1966; near Burrawarra Point, S. of Batemans Bay, Craven 616, 10.1965: Nerrigundah, Constable NSW 26516, 9.1953; Belowra, Whaite 455, 12.1949; above Tathra, Mueller 10.1953; Merimbula-Pambula, Boorman NSW 125370, 8.1915; S. of Eden, Hoogland 7730, 10.1960. Northern Tablelands: Boonoo Boonoo, Stuart (MEL 1008042); Timbarra, Stuart (MEL 1008053). Central Tablelands: Between Mt Irvine and Mt Wilson, Gregson NSW 125451, 11.1897; Mt Wilson, Fletcher NSW 125442, 11.1886, Fraser NSW 125438, 8.1928; Mt Tomah, Constable NSW 16346, 10.1950 ; 5 miles [8 km] E. of Bullio, Salasoo 3050, 3055, 11.1965; Burrawang, Fletcher NSW 125453, 11.1888; Fitzroy Falls, Rodway NS W125457, 9.1952; Bundanoon, Holford 263, 9.1957; Penrose, Blakely NS W125434, 10.1938; Wingello, Boorman NSW 125445, 12.1913. Southern Tablelands: Barbers Creek, Maiden NSW !25448, 1.1898; Box Point to Barbers Creek, Maiden NSW 19688, 10.1898; c. 5 miles [8 km] E. of Endrick R, Pullen 2230, 9.1960; Goulburn-Nowra road E. of Endrick R, Whaite 2928, 10.1965; Currockbilly Mtn, Constable 7445, 9.1967; Clyde Mtn, Walker ANU 1104, 9.1963; Sugarloaf Mtn, Monga, Boorman NSW 125376, 9.1915; Parkers Gap, Gourock Range, E. of Captains Flat, Briggs 4365, 10.1971; Bendethera Caves, 20 miles (32 km) c. W. of Moruya, Constable 6858A, 5.1966. Many other specimens have been examined but are not cited. The variation within this species would probably merit further study as several problems are apparent from a study of a wide range of specimens. The forms influenced by salt and shade are often obvious but other variation occurs which seems to have some significance, especially the frequency of occurrence of long-acuminate calyx-segments in the southern highlands and of large-leaved densely hairy plants in the Currockbilly and Mt Wilson areas. The species has some affinity with T. rupicola which has a somewhat similar pubescence. The linear, closely revolute and often pungent-pointed leaves serve to distinguish that species, T. thymifolia can be distinguished from T. baiierifolia by its stem hairs. T. thymifolia hybridizes with T. rubioides (see page 17). F. Mueller, PI. Indig. Colony Victoria 1: 182 (1860-1862), and Moore & Betche, Handb. FI. New South Wales: 36 (1893), include this species in T. ericifolia and have been followed by other authors—see note under that species. 11. Tetratheca decora J. Thompson in Telopea 1: 203 (1976). A shrub 30-40 cm in height with erect or ascending branches from a stout stock. Stems terete but longitudinally ridged with numerous regularly antrorse, white, tubercle-based setae usually c. 0.75 mm in length, the branching erect. Leaves alternate, rarely a few appearing opposite, (3-) 5-10 (-15) mm long and usually 1-1.5 mm wide, linear to somewhat elliptical, the upper surface with scattered, stout, tubercle-based, antrorse hairs or setae, often only near the margins or absent but then usually replaced by tubercles, the lower surface paler, glabrous or with stout hairs or setae on the midrib, the margins revolute though somewhat variably so, the apex rather straight, blunt or shortly pointed, the petiole short or absent. Flowers occurring singly in the upper leaf-axils, the peduncles usually 3-6 mm long, with few or numerous, long, white, shining, antrorse setae to 0.75 mm in length but often shorter, the peduncle gradually e.xpanding towards the top and usually a little more at the extreme top into a receptacle c. 1 mm in diameter. Calyx-segments deciduous, 2.5-4 mm long, broadly ovate to irregularly orbicular, usually acuminate, often long-acuminate, rarely obtuse, crenulate or irregularly toothed in the upper part, glabrous or with a few white hairs or white tubercle-based setae especially near the margins, the base of each segment not thickened and not set inside the top of the receptacle, the demarcation often imperceptible. Petals somewhat irregularly obovate, ^15 mm long, deciduous. Stamens 4-6.75 mm long, the filament 1.25-2.25 mm long, the body of the anther 2-3 mm long, glabrous or with short stiff hairs, rather abruptly narrowed at the base and contracted at the apex into a very broad anther- tube 1-1.5 mm long with a broad orifice. Ovary densely hairy with long, white, 16 111. Tremandraceae. {Thompson) hollow hairs or with a few hairs or glabrous, the ovary turgid above the axis but flat near the sides which tend to extend between the stamens as the fruit matures, the apex emarginate, the style 3-4 mm long, glabrous or with short, hollow, white hairs at the base, the ovules in each ovary 2. Fruit depressed-globular, 4-5 m m long. Seeds not seen in mature condition, 4 mm long, the appendage dark cream, twisted along the adaxial side for some distance with 1 or 2 flat coils bearing rather long, fine, spreading hairs. FI.: mostly Sept.-Nov. Distribution: North Western Slopes (Warrumbungle Ranges) and apparently scattered on the Central and South Coast and on the Central Tablelands (Blue Mountains); in heath and sclerophyll scrub on sandstone and in forest. Central Coast: Howes Valley to Putty, Johnson NSW 17675, 9.1951 (Holotype); near Putty, Salasoo 2506, 10.1962; Ingleside near Mona Vale, Williams NSW 131879, 10.1967. South Coast: Tomerong road. Rodway NSW 131885, 9.1915. Central Tablelands: Mt Dingo, 15 miles [24 km] S. of I^toomba, Myirea NSW 131886, 10.1953; Mt Mouin, Godfrey NSW 115723, 11.1972. North Western Slopes: Warrumbungle Mtns, halfway between Siding Spring Mtn and Belougery Split Rock, Stanley NSW 131883, 10.1966; Warrumbungle National Park, Hersey NSW 131884, 10.1958; Warrumbungles, E.K.W. NSW 131882, 10.1961; Warrumbungle Mtns, MeWhirterNSW 131881, 1.1961; Coonabarabran, Grieve NSW 131878,-. 1970. Beadle, Stud. FI. NE. New South Wales: 157 (1973), refers to this as an unnamed species. This very handsome species has no obvious affinities. Its ovule-number and anther-shape could show a link with T. glandulosa but the stem-hairs resemble those of T. ericifolia. The ovary is unlike that of any other species. 12. Tetratheca mbioidcs A. Cunn. in Field, Geogr. Mem. New South Wales: 336 (1825) ‘rubiaeoides’*; J. Thompson in Telopea 1: 205 (1976 ).—Tetratheca ericifolia var. rubioides (A. Cunn.) Benth., FI. Austral. 1: 131 (1863) ''rubiaeoides'. Tetratheca richardsiana Blakely in Austral. Nat. 10: 247 (1940); Beadle, Evans & Carolin, FI. Sydney Region: 172 (1972). A compact shrub usually 30-60 cm in height with a stout, often branched, stock and usually with erect stems, often branching several times near the base and also branching above, the stock often horizontal and rhizomatous. Stems terete, quadrangular or distinctly ridged, with short, white, shining, retrorse hairs and occasionally also with long, white or pale brown, tubercle-based, antrorse setae to 1 mm in length below the nodes, more frequent on younger growth, the branching alternate, opposite or with several branches arising together, erect. Leaves usually in whorls of 5-7, rarely fewer on the lower parts of the branches, (3-) 5-10 (-15) mm long and less than 1 mm wide (c. 1 mm in Southern Tablelands specimens), linear, the upper surface densely covered with very short, erect or slightly antrorse hairs, the lower surface seldom seen, the margins very closely revolute, often hiding the midrib, the apex rounded with a short blunt point, the petiole absent. Flowers occurring singly in the upper leaf-axils, the peduncles A-9 (-12) mm long, often with some shining spots, glabrous or, less frequently, with short, erect, white hairs, somewhat variable in the expansion of the upper part but usually abruptly expanded at the extreme top to form a receptacle 0.5-1 mm in diameter. Calyx-segments deciduous, from less than 1.5 to 2 mm in length, with occasional shining spots, very broadly ovate to broad-lanceolate, obtuse, acute or acuminate, glabrous or very rarely with a few, fine, white hairs or occasional glandular hairs near the margin, the lower part of each segment attached well inside the top of the receptacle but not or very little thickened above the rim of the receptacle. Petals obovate to broadly obovate or linguiform, often rather strap-shaped, i.e. straight-sided, 5-11 mm long. The epithet expresses resemblance to the genus Rubia; the stem of Rubia is “rubi-". 111. Tremandraceae. (Thompson) 17 deciduous. Stamens 2.25-3 mm long, 3.5 mm in Southern Tablelands specimens, the filament 0.5 mm or less in length, the body of the anther 1.5-1.75 mm long, glabrous, the base flattened, rather abruptly, for the lower 0.25 mm and curved or angled, often strongly, the upper part contracting into a tapering curved anther-tube 0.5 mm or less in length with a narrow orifice. Ovary with numerous, minute, erect hairs or glabrous, the style slender, 1.5 mm long, 2.5 mm in the Clyde R specimen (NSW 119648), usually with minute hairs at the base, the ovules in each ovary 2. Fruit obovate or cuneate, somewhat beaked or acute, 5 mm long. Seeds c. 3 mm long, shortly cylindrical, the appendage cream with 3 or 4 coils beyond the seed and with a few short hairs. FI.: mostly Oct.-Nov. Distribution : Eastern part of the Central Tablelands and adjoining coastal ranges and in the northeastern part of the Southern Tablelands; in heath and dry sclerophyll forest, mainly on sandstone. Central Coast: 4 road miles [6 km] NE. of Bilpin on Mountain Lagoon road, Campbell & Pickard 1224, 10.1970; Tabarac Ridge, Kurrajong Heights, Salasoo 1499, 12.1956. Central Tablelands: Bare Rock, c. 25 miles [40 km] directly E. of Rylstone, McOiUivray 1595, 2.1966; Kekeelbon Mtns, tVhaiie3276,9A969; WolsunGap, BriggsNSIV125237, \ \.1960; Mt Cameron track c. 14 miles [22.5 km] N. of Bell, Black & Pickard 726, 11.1969; Clarence to Wolgan, Maiden NSW 125238, 10.1906; Du Faurs Rocks, Mt Wilson, Coveny NSW 125240, 7.1966; nearNewnes Junction, Blakely & Buckingham NSW 125244, 11.1938: near Clay Pits, Clarence, Blakely, Buckingham & Buckingham NSW2209,125229,\\.\938,NSW 125233, 10.1939; near Upper Dam, Lithgow Water Supply, Clarence, Blakely, Buckingham & Buckingham NSW 125241, 10.1939; i mile [0.4 km] W. of Clarence tunnel, Blakely & Buckingham NSW 125239, 11.1938; Wolgan- Clarence road, mile [0.4 km] from the old platform, Blakely NSW 125242, 11.1938; Clarence, Blakely NSW 125230, 11.1938, Blakely & Buckingham NSW 125232, 11.1938; Blackheath, Constable NSW3728, 11.1946, Althofer NSW 125234, 3.1947; Colong to Mt Werong, Cambage 12.1911 (SYD.). Southern Tablelands: Head of Clyde R, c. 15 miles [24 km] S. of Nerriga, Rodway NSW 119648, 10.1937; Braidwood district, 3,200' [975 m], Bdiierlen 113, 11.1886 (MEL). This species is one of a group related to T. pilosa. In T. rubioides there are few of the long stem-hairs characteristic of T. pilosa but many of the short stilf hairs. These however are for the most part retrorse. Its closest relative is T. neglecta from which it differs especially in its numerous retrorse stem-hairs. Specimens from the Southern Tablelands are somewhat different in aspect but are probably best placed here, as they agree in all essentials with those from the Blue Mountains. T. rubioides hybridizes with T. thymifolia. A series of specimens, S. of Mountain Lagoon, J. Thompson 2141, 9.1974, collected from a few square metres on a rocky outcrop beside a road have the general aspect of T. rubioides but characters of T. thymifolia. T. thymifolia was growing nearby. The specimens, Mt Wilson, Fletcher NSW 115709, 125439, c. 1886, also appear to represent hybrids between these species. 13. Tetratheca neglecta J. Thompson in Telopea 1: 207 (1976). A compact or occasionally diffuse shrub usually 15-60 cm in height, with a stout, often branched stock and stems branching several times near the base and often branching again in the upper part, the stock appearing rhizomatous. Stems terete, quadrangular or distinctly ridged with two kinds of hairs, one short, usually minute, white, erect, and if not elsewhere at least above some nodes, the other tubercle- based, seta-like, usually 0.5-1 mm in length, white to brownish, usually directed antrorsely and outwards but sometimes rather twisted and irregular and if not elsewhere at least below the nodes, the branching alternate, opposite or with several branches arising together, erect. Leaves in whorls of 4-6, rarely fewer at the base of the stem, (3-) 5-10 (-15) mm long and less than 1 mm wide, but more than 1 mm in the Byrnes Gap specimen (NSW 114063), linear, often recurved, the upper surface with sparse or numerous tubercles towards the sides, often bearing antrorse light brown setae, frequently also with minute erect or slightly antrorsely inclined hairs, the lower surface, where seen, glabrous, except for occasional setae on the midrib. 18 111 . Tremandraceae. {Thompson) and short stiff hairs in NSW 114063, the margins closely revolute often covering the midrib, the apex blunt or pointed but not pungent, the point occasionally recurvoi or incurved, the petiole absent. Flowers occurring singly in the upper leaf-axils, the peduncles 6-12 (-15) mm long, often with some shining spots, glabrous e.xcept in the West Dapto specimen (NSW 119646) which has scattered, shining, short, white hairs the longest of which tend to be antrorse, the upper part of the peduncle usually thickened and tending to curve, expanding further at the top to form a receptacle 1 mm or more in diameter, less than 1 mm in NSW 114063 and the Carrington Falls specimen (NSW 115057) which also has longer peduncles than most specimens. Calyx-segments deciduous, 1.5-2 mm long, from almost orbicular to ovate but usually broadly ovate, obtuse, acute or acuminate, with occasional shining spots, usually glabrous, rarely with occasional white hairs, the lower part of each segment attached well inside the edge of the receptacle and with a ridge across the back above the rim of the receptacle. Petals obovate, rarely elliptical, to broadly obovate or linguiform, (5-) 7-10 mm long, deciduous. Stamens 2.75-3 mm long, the filament c. 0.5 mm long, the body of the anther 2 mm long, glabrous, the base flattened for the lower 0.5 mm, above this slightly or strongly curved or angled, the top tapering into a curved tapering anther-tube 0.25-0.75 mm long with a narrow orifice. Ovary with numerous, minute, erect hairs, rarely glabrous, the style slender, 1.5-2 mm long, the lower part covered with minute erect hairs, the ovules in each ovary 2. Fruit broadly elliptical to almost oblong, broader near the top, somewhat beaked, 6 mm long. Seeds not seen. FI.; mostly Aug.-Nov. Distribution: Southern part of the Central Coast and adjacent edge of the Central Tablelands; in sandy heath and dry sclerophyll forest. Central Coast: Arncliffe-Canterbury, Fletcher NSW 119665, 10.1886; Kogarah, Cornfield NSW 119654, 11.1899 (Holotype); Oaticy, Cornfield NSW 119660, 11.1896; Como, Cornfield NSW 119655, 11.1896, NSW 119664, 9.1898, Fletcher NSW 119653, 3.1887; Bottle and Glass Head, 1 km W. of Como, Johnson & Briggs NSW 114408, 11.1970; Menai, Coveny NSW 119666, 9.1966; Gymea, Goode 448, 10.1961; Sutherland, Cornfield NSW 119662, 8.1893; near Sutherland, St John 2457, 12.1950; National Park near road from Audley to Wattamolla, Goode 428, 10.1961; National Park, Blakely NSW 119562, 11.1938; Uloola Track, Royal National Park, between Waterfall and Heathcotc, Coveny 2113, 9.1969; Heathcote Fletcher NSW 119657, 9.1888; Garawarra Reserve, Jacobs NSW 119665, 10.1937; Helensburgh, Cross NSW 119663, 8.1945. Central Tablelands: Byrnes Gap, N. of Yerranderie, Mitchell NSW 114063, 9.1969; West Dapto, Cambage NSW 119646, 5.1901; Carrington Falls, 4 miles [6 km] SE. of Robertson, Coveny 922, 11.1969 (NSW 115057). This species has been included in T. ericifolia in herbarium collections. This, no doubt, is due to its superficial resemblance to T. nipicola which has always been confused with that species. r. neglecta is related to T. pilosa and shows the same characteristic pattern of long and short stem-hairs. It is very similar to T. ruhioides which can be separated from it by its preponderance of very short, stilf, retrorse hairs. Further collections from intermediate localities could connect T. neglecta and T. ruhioides but at present there are no specimens that cannot be placed. 14. Tetratheca pilosa LabilL, Nov. Holl. PI. Spec. 1: 95, t. 122 (Nov. 1805); Steetz, Familie Tremandreen: 11 (1853); Schuchardt, Syn. Tremandr.: 24 (1853) excl. syn. T. glandulosa Sm., and T. labillardierei T. glandidosa Labill.’, in part; J. D. Hooker, FI. Tasmaniae 1: 35 (1855); Benth., FI. Austral. 1: 131 (1863) excl. syn. T. gitnnii Hook, f., and T. glandulosa Sm.; Rodway, Tasmanian FI.: 10 (1903) excl. syn. T. ericifolia Sm. (partly)’; Ewart et al.. Field Nat. Club Census PI. Victoria: 40 (1923); J. M. Black, FI. South Australia 2: 346 (1924); Ewart. FI. Victoria: 713 (1931); J. M. Black, FI. South Australia [ed. 2] 2: 502 (1948); Curtis, Stud. FI. Tasmania 1: 57 (1956) including T. gitnnii-, J. H. Willis, Handb. PI. Victoria 2' 196 (1973); J. Thompson in Telopea 1: 210 (1916).—Tetratheca ericifolia var. pilosa 111. Tremandraceae. (Thompson) 19 (Labill.) Maiden et Betche, Census New South Wales PL: 119 (1916) nom. illegit. non Tate in Trans. Proc. Roy. South Australia 12: 62 (1889). These authors incorrectly credit Mueller with this combination. Tetratheca calva F. Muell. ex Schuchardt, Syn. Tremandr.: 25 (1853) synonym- izing T. labillarclierei, "glandulosa Labill.’, in part.— Tetratheca pilosa var. calva Rodway, Tasmanian FL: 10 (1903) excl. syn. T. gunnii Hook. f. Tetratheca calva var. pulchella F. Muell. ex Schuchardt, Syn. Tremandr.: 27 (1853). Tetratheca calva var. hispidula Schuchardt, Syn. Tremandr.: 27 (1853). Tetratheca procumbens Gunn ex Hook, f., FI. Tasmaniae 1: 35 (1855).— Tetratheca pilosa var. procumbens (Gunn ex Hook, f.) Benth., FI. Austral. 1: 132 (1863) excl. syn. T. gunnii. [Tetratheca glandulosa var. glabrata (incorrectly ascribed to Hooker) Schuchardt, Syn. Tremandr.: 26 (1853) in synon.]. [Tetratheca glandulosa var. pilosa Hook, f., FI. Tasmaniae 1: 35 (1855) in synon.[ An erect or spreading shrub with branches up to 60 cm long arising from a woody stock, sometimes, especially at high altitudes, a small procumbent shrub with stems only a few cm long; the stock often stout and branched. Stems terete or with longitudinal ridges, often appearing quadrangular, covered with tubercles which are often produced into minute, erect or even slightly retrorse, white hairs, and with scattered or numerous, tubercle-based, light brown setae 0.5-1.5 mm long, and sometimes, on younger growth, short, gland-tipped hairs, the branching alternate, opposite or with several branches arising together, erect or spreading at first and soon becoming erect. Leaves alternate, opposite or irregularly in whorls of 3 or 4 (rarely 5), 2-15 mm long and 1-5 mm wide, linear to broadly elliptical, rarely almost orbicular, the upper surface with or without numerous erect hairs and with scattered setae often over 1 mm long especially near the margins, occasionally reduced to their tubercular bases, the lower surface where seen paler, glabrous or with some fine erect hairs and short hairs or setae on the midrib, the margins closely revolute, often over the midrib, or loosely revolute or recurved or flat, the apex blunt or with a short or pungent point, the base rounded or tapering into a variable but usually distinct petiole. Flowers occurring singly or rarely paired in the upper axils, the peduncles lengthening as the flower matures, 4-9 mm long in the mature flower, often with shining spots, glabrous or with coloured, slender, gland-tipped hairs or with minute, erect, stiff, white, sparse hairs, rarely with both kinds, widening in the upper part and again at the top to form a receptacle c. 1 mm in diameter and somewhat 4-angled. Calyx-segments deciduous, often appearing scarious, 1-2 (-2.5) mm long, with numer¬ ous shining spots, glabrous or with few or many short, broad-based, rather slender, gland-tipped hairs especially on the margin or with a few, fine, white, short hairs, broadly to narrowly ovate, obtuse, acute or acuminate, the base of each segment attached well inside the top of the receptacle but the lower part not thickened. Petals broadly to narrowly obovate, linguiform, ovate or even elliptical, 3-12 mm long, deciduous. Stamens 1.5-4.5 mm long, the filament 0.25-0.75 mm long, the body of the anther 1-2.5 mm long, glabrous or with small hairs, flattened and resembling the filament for the lower 0.25-1 mm but above this strongly curved often to 90° or more, the broad part of the body 0.75-1.5 ram long, tapering to an anther-tube from less than 0.25 to more than 1 mm in length, with a narrow or broad orifice. Ovary glabrous or with any or all of the following . . . scattered, short, slender. 20 111. Tremandraceae. {Thompso/f) glandular hairs, short, stiff, shining hairs, long (often to 1 mm) hollow, shining hairs; style slender, 1-3.25 mm long, glabrous or with a few short hairs at the base, the ovules in each ovary 2. Fruit obovate to obcuneate or cordate, often beaked, turgid, 3-4.5 mm long. Seeds 2.5 mm long, almost oblong, the appendage pale with a few hairs and with several twists. Distribution: Far South Coast and far Southwestern Plains; in heath and sclerophyll forest. Also in Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia. 1. Leaves usually alternate, occasionally some opposite, 2-15 mm long, linear to very narrowly ovate, usually c. 1 mm, rarely more than 1.5 mm, wide, the margins usually closely revolute. Ovary glabrous or pubescent but rarely bearing long, hollow, shining hairs ssp. pilosa a. 1.* Leaves alternate, opposite or often irregularly in whorls of 3 or 4, (3-) 5-8 (-11) mm long, broadly to narrowly elliptical, rarely almost orbicular, (1-) 2-3 (-5) mm wide, the margins flat, recurved or loosely revolute especially near the apex. Ovary usually bearing numerous, long, hollow, shining hairs.ssp. latifolia b. a. Tetratheca pilosa ssp. pilosa Synonymy: As for the species. An erect or spreading shrub with branches up to 60 cm in length, sometimes, especially at high altitudes, a small procumbent shrub with stems only a few cm long and all parts reduced in size; the stock often stout and branched. Stems terete or with longitudinal ridges and appearing quadrangular, covered with tubercles which are often produced into minute, erect or even slightly retrorse, white hairs and with scattered large tubercles often bearing short, stout, light-brown setae to 0.5 mm or more in length and sometimes on younger growth shorter gland-tipped hairs. Leaves usually alternate but occasionally some opposite, 2-15 cm long and usually c. 1 mm wide, rarely more than 1.5 mm wide, linear to very narrowly ovate, the upper surface with numerous, minute, erect hairs and tubercles often bearing long setae especially near the margins, the lower surface where seen glabrous or with short hairs on the midrib, the margins usually closely revolute, with or without the midrib showing, the apex blunt or with a short pungent point. Peduncles 1-9 mm long in the mature flower, glabrous or with coloured, slender, gland-tipped hairs or with minute, erect, stiff, white, sparse hairs or, rarely, with both, widening and 4-angled in the upper part and widening again at the extreme top to form a receptacle 1 mm or less in diameter. Calyx-segments 1-2 mm long, broadly or rarely narrowly ovate, obtuse, acute or acuminate, glabrous or with few or many, short, broad-based, rather slender, colour-tipped, glandular hairs especially on the margin, rarely with white hairs near the tip. Petals broadly to narrowly linguiform, broadly ovate to ovate or even elliptical, 3-12 mm long. Stamens 1.5-4.5 mm long, the filament 0.25-0.75 mm long, the body of the anther 1-2 mm long, the lower 0.25-1 mm flattened and resembling the filament, strongly curved, the broad part 0.75-1.5 mm long and tapering to an anther-tube less than 0.25—1 mm long, with a narrow, oc^sionally .^oad orifice. Ovary with scattered, slender, glandular hairs and usually with short stifif shining hairs, rarely a few, long, shining hairs, the style 1-3 mm long. FI.: unknown. Far Southwestern Plains; in sandy heath or mallee. Also in Tasmania, western Victoria and South Australia. in planitie arenosa The Upper Darling locality seems extremely unlikely but Lower Darling would not be improbable. 111 . Tremandraceae. {Thompson) 21 b. Tetratheca pilosa ssp latifolia J. Thompson in Telopea 1: 213 (1976). A compact or spreading shrub 30-50 cm in height with erect branches arising from a woody stock. Stems longitudinally ridged with the bases of setae spreading along the ridges, the stems densely covered with short, white, stiff hairs and usually with numerous, long, rather fine, pale brown setae to 1.5 mm long. Leaves alternate, opposite or often irregularly in whorls of 3 or 4, (3-) 5-8 (-11) mm long and (1-) 2-3 (-5) mm wide, usually broadly to narrowly elliptical but rarely almost orbicular, the tips usually incurved, the upper surface sparsely covered with setae often over 1 mm length but occasionally the setae reduced to their bases, rarely on young growth with gland-tips, the bases near the margin giving the leaf a serrate appearance, often with a few, short, fine hairs near the base, apex and/or margins, the lower surface paler, usually glabrous except for hairs on the midrib but occasionally with some fine, erect hairs, the margins flat, recurved or loosely revolute especially near the apex, the apex blunt or with a small point, rarely pungent. Peduncles 4-7 mm long, glabrous or with scattered, straight, fine, shining hairs, a few to 0.5 mm in length at the top of the peduncle but most much shorter, the upper part of the peduncle usually broadening for some length and straight or somewhat curved, abruptly widening at the top to form a receptacle usually 1 mm or less in diameter. Calyx- segments usually 1 mm in length, broadly ovate-acuminate, often wider than long, usually glabrous but often with a few, fine, white, short hairs or occasionally glandular hairs. Petals broadly to narrowly ovate, 5-8 mm long. Stamens 3-3.5 mm long, the filament c. 0.25 mm, the body of the anther 2-2.5 mm long, the lower 0.5-0.75 mm flattened and resembling the filament, above this the body strongly curved, often to 90° or more, the broader part of the body usually 1.5 mm long with some hairs or minutely scabrous or glabrous, the apex contracted into a usually broad curved anther-tube 0.5 mm long, occasionally shorter, the orifice, usually broad. Ovary with scattered, short, slender, glandular hairs and many short to long, hollow, shining hairs often 1 mm in length, the hairs of one or other or both kinds of variable length and density or absent, the ovary occasionally glabrous, the style 2.25-3.25 mm long. FI.: Aug.-Dee. Distribution: Far South Coast; in heath and sclerophyll forest. Also in Victoria and northern Tasmania. South Coast: Tilba Tilba, Bate 1881 (MEL 1007964); Nurira [Narira] Creek, Reader 8.1880 (MEL 1008146); Twofold Bay, Mossman 249 in part (BRJ) ; Green Cape Lighthouse Road, Constable NSW119675, 10.1954; near Womboyne on Nadgee track before Merika [Merrica] R crossing, Phillips 10.1961 (CBG 003003); Narrabarba Hill, Constable NSW 30973, 10.1954; Womboyne-Nadgee area, WithefordNSW52349, 9.1953; Nadgee, Scobie NSW 114012, 8.1970. Tetratheca pilosa var. glabra Steetz (incorrectly ascribed to Hooker), Familie Tremandreen: 11 (1853), cannot belong to this species as it has 4 ovules. Tetratheca ericoides Hort. ex Planch, in Van Houtte, FI. Serres 10: t. 1065, 229 (1854-1855) is probably T. pilosa of Tasmanian origin. Moore & Betche, Handb. FI. New South Wales: 36 (1893), include T. pilosa in T. ericifolia Sm. but they and all other New South Wales authors would have been referring to T. glandulosa Sm., T. pilosa var. denticulata'. This species is related to T. neglecta and T. rubioides. Perhaps T. bauerifolia is also connected in some way with this group. It has 4 ovules and curved or curled stem-hairs but its calyx and peduncles have the same shining spots so characteristic of the group. EXCLUDED SPECIES Tetratheca oppositifolia Pers., Syn. PI. 1: 419 (1805) is Boronia polygalifolia Sm. (1798). I ! • A i . I 90 Capparidaceae 141 Rhizophoraceae 91 Resedaceae 142 Myrtaceae 92 Droseraceae 143 Melastomataceae 93 Crassulaceae 144 Onagraceac 94 Escalloniaceae 145 Haloragaceae 95 Pittosporaceae 146 Araliaceae 96 Cunoniaceae 147 Umbelliferae 97 Davidsoniaceae 148 Alangiaceae 98 Rosaceae 149 Ericaceae 99 Miniosaceae 150 Epacridaceae 100 Caesalpiniaceae 151 Myrsinaceac 101 Papilionaceae, Part 1 152 Primulaceae 102 Geraniaceae 153 Plumbaginaceae 103 Oxaltdaceae 154 Sapotaceae 104 Linaceae 155 Ebenaceae 105 Erythroxylaceae 156 Symplocaceae 106 ZygophyUaceae 157 Oleaceae 107 Rutaceae 158 Loganiaceae 108 Simaroubaceae 159 Gentianaceae 109 Burseraceae 160 Menyanthaceae no Meliaceae 161 Apocynaceae 111 Tremandraceae 162 Asclepiadaceae 112 Polygalaceae 163 Convolvulaceae 113 Euphorbiaceae 164 Polemoniaceac 114 Callitrichaceae 165 Hydrophyllaceae 115 Anacardiaceae 166 Boragmaceae 116 Aquifoliaceae 167 Verbenaceae 117 Celastraceae 168 Avicenniaceao 118 Siphonodontaceae 169 Labiatae 119 Hippocrateaceae 170 Solanaceae 120 Stackhousiaceae 171 Scrophulariaceae 121 Icacinaceae 172 Selaginaceae 122 Sapindaceae 173 Bignoniaceae 123 Akaniaceae 174 Pedaliaceae 124 Rhamnaceae 175 Martyniaceae 125 Vitaceae 176 Orobanchaceae 126 Elaeocarpaceae 177 Gesneriaceao 127 Tiliaceae 178 Lentibulariaceae 128 Malvaceae 179 Acanthaceae 129 Sterculiaceae 180 Myoporaceae 130 Dilleniaceae 181 Plantaginaceae 131 Eucryphiaceae 182 Rubiaceae 132 Hypericaceae 183 Caprifoliaceae 133 Elatinaceae 184 Dipsacaceae 134 Frankeniaceae 185 Cucurbitaceae 135 Violaceae 186 Campanulaceac 136 Flacourtiaceae, with Supplement 187 Lobeliaceae 137 Passifloraceae 188 Goodeniaceae 138 Cactaceae 189 Brunoniaceae 139 Thymelaeaceae 190 Stylidiaceae 140 Lythraceae PTERIDOPHYTA 191 Compositae 192 Lycopodiaceao 206 Adiantaccae 193 Selaginellaceae 207 Vittariaceae 194 Isoetaceae 208 Davalliaceae 195 Psilotaceae 209 Grammitidaceae 196 Ophioglossaceae 210 Polypodiaceae 197 Marattiaceae 211 Aspidiaceae 198 Osmundaceae 212 Athyriaceae 199 Schizaeaceae 213 Thelypteridaceae 200 Gleicheniaceae 214 Asplcniaceae 201 Hymenophyllaceae 215 Blechnaceae 202 Cyatheaceae Dennstaedtiaccae 216 Marsileaceae 203 217 Azollaceae 204 205 Lindsaeaceae Pteridaceae 218 Salviniaceae I 1