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THE LIBRARY

OF

THE UNIVERSITY

OF CALIFORNIA

DAVIS

FLORA

OP

BRITISH INDIA.

Dates of Publication of the Several Parts of this Volume.

Part IV. pp. 1-240, was published May 1876.
„ V. pp. 241-496, „ July 1878.

„ VI. pp. 497 to end „ May 1879.

v. . s i • • V •*■ —/

f%A.0i

THE L^i

FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA.

BY

SIR J. D. HOOKEK, C.B., K.C.S.I.

M.D., F.R.S., D.C.L. OXON., LL.D. CANTAB.

CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE, AND HON. MEMBER OF THK

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

ASSISTED BY VARIOUS BOTANISTS.

VOL. II.
SAB I ACE M TO CORNACEM.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR
INDIA IN COUNCIL.

LONDON:
L, RE EVE & CO., 5 HENRIETTA STREET, CO VENT GARDEN.

1879.

LIBRARY

UNIVERSITY O^ CALIFORNIA

LONDON : PRINTED BT

SPOTT1SWOODE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUARE

AND PARLIAMENT STREET

ADDENDA.

P. 307. Under Tribe III. Spiraeas, insert :—

Seeds linear, testa membranous, albumen scanty or 0 7. Spirjea.

Seeds turgid, testa crustaceous, albumen copious 7*. Neiixia.

P. 326. Before 8. Rubus, insert :—

7*. NEIZ.Z.XA, Don.

Perennial shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple ; stipules large, deciduous.
Flowers raceined or panicled, white. Calyx persistent; tube campanulate ;
lobes 5. Petals 5. Stamens 10 or more. Disc lining the calyx-tube. Carpels
1-5, free or connate ventrally ; ovules few or many. Follicles coriaceous or
membranous. Seeds few or many, turgid ; testa crustaceous, albumen copious.
— Distrib. Species 4 or 5, natives of the Himalaya, Java, N.E. Asia, and N.
America.

1. If. thyrsiflora, Don Prodr. 228; stipules usually serrate, racemes
slender panicled, bracteoles usually toothed, calyx silky. DC. Prodr. ii. 546 ;
Wall. Cat. 698 ; Hook. f. fy Thorns, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 75. N. virgata,
Wall. Cat. 7108. Adenilema fallax, Plume Pijd. 1121.

Central and Eastern Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5-8000 ft. Khasia Mts., alt.
5-7000 ft.— Distrib. Java.

A large shrub, with drooping slender leafy branches. Leaves 2 by 1| in., ovate-
cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes shallow, acute, sharply irregularly toothed or serrate. Panicles
3-8 in. Flowers shortly pedicelled. Calyx-tube \ in., base roundel ; lobes shorter
than the tube, lanceolate, acute, in fruit often clothed with long rigid gland-tipped
bristles. Petals small, white, oblong or obcordate. Fruit inclosed in the calyx, of 1
carpel.

2. N. rubiflora, Don Prodr. 229 ; racemes solitary or shortly panicled,
stipules and bracteoles usually quite entire, calyx tomentose. DC. Prodr. ii.
547 ; Hook. f. Sf Thorns, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 75 ; Wall. Cat. 697.

Central and Eastern Temperate Himalaya; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 8-10,000
ft., J. D. H.

.Very similar to N. thyrsiflora in foliage, but leaves usually more deeply lobed ;
inflorescence always much snorter, petals larger, and calyx tomentose.

9619

O

FLOKA OF BEITISH INDIA.

Errata in Vol. II. Pt. III.

P. 404. Hydrangea altissima is a scandent tree (J. D. H.)

„ 413. Crassula indic.a has the'steTft-le'aWJy alternate.

„ 415. Kalanchoe brasiliensis should include K. olivacea, Dalz. in
Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 313.

„ 417, 1. 3. Stamens 5 in some flowers, 10 in others (W. B. Hemsley).

„ 445. Terminalia belerica should include T. attenuata, Edgw. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 46.

„ 585. Epilobium Hookeri published as E. trichoneurum, Hauskn. in
O.str. Bot. Zeit. 1879.

„ 607, 1. 38, under T. multiloba, in place of only half-way down read
very rarely only half-way down.

„ 622. Add Bryonia dioica, Jacq. collected in Lahul by Dr. Aitchison.

„ 631. For Thladiantha dubia, Bunge read T. calcarata, C. B. Clarke
in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 126 — (Momordica calcarata, Colebr).
The Indian T. calcarata has fenestrate fruit, thus differing
specifically from the Japanese T. dubia. The confusion has
arisen under Bot. Mag. t. 5469, which represents the plant
of T. dubia but the fruit of T. calcarata (Cogniaux).

„ 613. Begonia fallax. The type specimen of this species, lately
found in Wight's private Herbarium, is B. malabarica, Lamk.

„ 705, 1. 5. The Kumaon plant collected by Strachey and Winter-
bottom is Trachydium Roylei. Hence Pleurospermum
stellatum is known (very imperfectly) only by the example
of Eoyle. The plant described as Var . Lindleyana is a
different species, but it is very doubtful whether it is the
same as Royle's (W. B. Hemsley).

Hooker's Flora of India, Pt. VII.

1. S. campanula^ , Wall in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed, Carey, ii. 311; Cat
2; leaves oblong acuminate puberulous base acute, petals el iptic nerved'
nents subulate much shorter than the petals. Hook. f. & T Fllndi
; Brandts, For. Flor. 116. J * *

rEMPERATE HiMAtATA ; from Simla, alt. 5000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 9-10,000 ft
^climbing shrub Leaves 2-4 by f-1* in., membranous puberulous on both
ces nerves reticulate. Peduncles 1-2 in., subclavate. Flowers f in. diam

FLOKA OF BEITISH INDIA.

Order XLV. SABIACEiE. (By J. D. Hooker.)

Climbing or erect shrubs or erect trees, glabrous or with simple hairs
Leaves alternate, exstipulate, simple or compound. Floicers small or minute
hermaphrodite or polygamous, usually panicled. Calyx 4-5-partite, imbricate
Petals 4-5, equal or unequal, opposite or alternate with the sepals, imbricate
Disk usually small, annular. Stamens 4-5, opposite the petals, inserted at the
base of or on the disk, all perfect or two only perfect and three without anthers t
filaments clavate, flattened or subulate ; anthers didymous, cells distant bursting
transversely or by a deciduous cap. Ovary 2-3-celled, compressed or 2-3-lobed
styles 2-3, tree or connate or 0, stigmas punctiform ; ovules 1-2 in each cell
Ripe carpels 1-2, dry or fleshy, indehiscent. Seeds compressed or globose,
basilar, hilum broad, testa membranous or coriaceous, albumen 0; embryo
rarious, cotyledons often contorted, radicle deflexed. — Distrib. A small chiefly
[ndian order, with 4 genera and about 35 species.

Stamens 4-5, all perfect and equal 1. Sabia.

Stamens 5, very unequal 2. Meliosma.

1. SABIA, Ooleb.

Climbing or sarmentose shrubs ; branches with the bud-scales persistent at
heir bases. Leaves quite entire. Floivei-s axillary, solitary, cymose or
lanicled, usually hermaphrodite, 2-bracteate; bracts, calyx, corolla, stamens
nd carpels all opposite. Calyx 4-5-partite. Petals 4r-6, with transparent
ines, green, purplish or yellow. Disk annular, 4-5-lobed. Stamens 4-5,
aserted at the base of the disk ; anthers extrorse or introrse. Carpels 2, rarely
, cohering slightly ; styles 2, erect, terminal, cohering slightly ; ovules 2 in
ach carpel, collateral or superposed, horizontal. Pipe-carpels 1 or 2, gibbous,
71th a subbasal style, dry or drupaceous. Seed reniform, testa coriaceous,
otted ; embryo curved, cotyledons straight or incurved flat rugose or undulate,
idicle cylindric. — Distrib. About 10 species, natives of tropical and tem-
erate India.

* Peduncles \-Jlowered.

1. S. campanulata, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 311; Cat.
D02 ; leaves oblong acuminate puberulous base acute, petals elliptic nerved,
laments subulate much shorter than the petals. Hook. f. fy T. Fl. Ind. i.
39 ; Brandts, Foi\ Flor. 116.

Temperate Himalaya ; from Simla, alt. 5000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 9-10,000 ft.
A climbing shrub. Leaves 2—4 by f-1-2 in., membranous, puberulous on both
irfaces, nerves reticulate. Peduncles 1-2 in., subclavate. Flowers £ in. diam.,
VOL. II. B

2 xlv. SABiACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Sabia*

Bttbglobose or campanulate, green. Sepals orbicular. Petals i-£ long, enlarging and
persistent after flowering. Anthers extrorso. Drupes 2j? in., pale bhu>, orbicular!
compressed.

2. S. leptandra, Hook. f. S> T. FL Ind. i. 209; leaves elliptic or
oblong acuminate glabrous base rounded, petals elliptic-oblong obtuse, fila-
ments elongate.

Sikkim Himalaya ; alt. 5-7000, ft. J. D. H.

A shrub. Leaves thinly coriaceous, very variable in size and usually 3-4 by I-I5
in., rarely 6 by 3 in., beautifully reticulated between the few oblique nerves.
Peduncles 1-2 in. Flowers campanulate, greenish-purple. Sepals 5, rounded.
Petals i in. long, punctate. Filaments ligulate, anthers extrorse. Drupe as in &
campamdata.

* Flowers in 5- or more-Jloivered cymes or panicles.

3. S. purpurea, Hook. f. §• T. FL Ind. i. 209; leaves oblong long-
acuminate base usually rounded young puberulous, cymes 3-5-nowered, petals-
acute, filaments broadly subulate. S. parviflora, Wall. Cat. 1001, in part.

Khasia Mts. ; alt. 4-6000 ft. Wallich, etc.

Leaves 2-3 by ^-1 in., often 6 by 2\ in. on the flowerless branches, glabrous,
thinly coriaceous ; nerves oblique, uniting far within the margin. Peduncles long,
irregularly branched. Flowers small, purplish. Sepals ovate, subacute. Petals
ovate-lanceolate, 5 -nerved. Drupe as in S. campamdata.

4. S. malabarica, Bedd, Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 177; leaves elliptic-
oblong acuminate margins waved base rounded, cymes very short 2-6-
fiowered, petals elliptic obtuse, filaments subulate.

"Western Peninsula ; Anamallay hills, alt. 3-4000 ft., Beddome.

A climbing shrub, quite glabrous. Lmves 3-5 by 1-lf in., thinly coriaceous,
pale, margin cartilaginous; nerves many, spreading, much reticulated beneath;
petiole ^-1 in. Peduncle \-^ in. Flowers i in. diam. Sepals small, ovate, acute,
ciliate. Petals glabrous. Stamens shorter than the petals. Fdaments slender.
Anthers didymous, cells diverging. Ovules subcollateral. Drupe £ in., reniform,
reticulated. — Beddome figures the petals as connate at the base.

5. S. parviflora, Wall, in Rovb. Fl.Ind.e4. Carey, ii. 310; Cat. 1001, m
part; leaves ovate or oblong acuminate margins waved, cymes dichotomous
7-11-nowered, stamens unequal. Hook. f. cy T. FL hid. i. 210.

Subtropical and Temperate Himalaya ; from Kumaon to Sikkim, alt. 3-6000 ft.

A climbing shrub; branches very slender, tips puberulous. Leaves 2-4 by
f-l£ in., thinly coriaceous, glabrpus, pale beneath, nerves almost horizontal. Bracts
minute, ciliate. Flowers minute. Sepals ovate, ciliate. Petals narrowly oblong,
5-nerved. Filaments ligulate. Drupe ~-^ in., obovoid, oblong or subglobose ; stone
compressed.

G. S. lanceolata, Colebrooke in Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. 355 t. 14 ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate base acute or obtuse, cymes long-peduncled corym-
bose many-flowered, petals ovate-lanceolate, stamens included. Wall, in
Boxb. FL Ind. ed, Carey, ii. 309 ; Cat. 999 ; Blame Mus. Bot. 368 ; Hook,
f. ey T. FL Ind, i. 210.

Kit asia Mrs., Silhet and Assam, from the sea level to 4000 ft.

A climbing shrub. Leaves 4-7 by l|-2£ in., shining above, glaucous beneath,
thinly coriaceous, nerves nearly horizontal, petiole J-£ in. Peduncles 1^-2 in.,
slender, sometimes supra-axillary. Flowers greenish, sweet-scented. Sepals ovate,
acute. Petals i in., subacute. Filaments subulate. Anthers introrse. Drupe § in ,
pulpy, blue ; stone rugose, compressed.

Scibia."] xlv. sabiaceje. (J. D. Hooker.) 3

7. S. limoniacea, Wall. Cat. 1000 ; leaves oblong or lanceolate acute
or acuminate thickly coriaceous, panicles long glabrous, petals broadly oblong,
stamens included. Hook. f. fy T. Fl. Ind. i. 210. Celastrinea, Wall. Cat.
9015 ; Griff. Notul. iv. 423 ; Ic. PI. As. t. 668 f. 2.

Tropical Sixkim, Bhotan, and the Khasia Mts., ascending to 3000 ft. ;
Silhet, Assam and Chittagong.

A lofty climber. Leaves 3-7 by l£- 2£ in., base rounded or acute, much reticulate
when dry ; nerves oblique, incurved. Panicles reddish, quite glabrous, axillfiry or a
little supra-axillary, with persistent bud-scales at their bases. Flowers minute,
yellowish. Sepals orbicular. Petals ^ in., shortly clawed, obovate, 5-nerved, fleshy.
Filaments fleshy, incurved. — This approaches the Javanese S. men(sco£ta, Bl.

8..S. paniculata, Fdgw. in Hook. f. Sf T. Fl. Ind. i. 211; branches
glabrous, leaves elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate acute coriaceous base rounded
or acute, panicles long pilose, petals oblong, stamens included. Brandis For.
Flor. 117.

Subtropical Western Himalaya ; in Kumaon and Garwhal, ascending to 3000 ft.

Branches glabrous. Leaves 5-8 by 1^-3 in., glabrous, young puberulous, much
reticulate ; nerves oblique, arched. Sepals elliptic, 1 -nerved, densely hairy. Petals
3^_l in., oblong, subacute, 3-5-nerved. Filaments ligulate. Drupes \ in. diam.,
usually solitary, orbicular, compressed.

9. S. tomentosa, Hook. /. ; branches and nerves of leaves beneath
tomentose, leaves elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate acute, petiole very short, panicles
branched many-flowered and glabrous, petals linear-oblong, stamens included.

Upper Assam? alt. 3500 ft., Griffith.

Branches slender, the younger clothed with soft spreading hairs, as are the petioles.
Leaves 2| by 1 in., rather coriaceous, bullate between the spreading nerves, which are
very prominent and hairy beneath ; petiole ^ in. Panicle much branched, many-
flowered, peduncle puberulous; branches and pedicels slender, glabrous. Flowers
jz in. diam. Filaments ligulate, shorter than the petals. Fruit didymous, of two
obovoid diverging rugose subcompressed carpels, each nearly | in. long. — The only
specimen I have seen has but two leaves, and is remarkable for its very short petioles
and tomentum. There is no habitat on the ticket, which resembles those of Griffith's
journey from Upper Assam to Birma. It contains the following inscription : —
"Sabia sp., fructibus subrotundis. 15. Alt. 3500."

♦

10. S. viridissima, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 304;
glabrous, leaves obovate- to elliptic-lanceolate acuminate membranous, petiole
^— | in., panicles lax, style 3-fid, stigma curved.

Andaman Islds., Kurz.

Leaves 6-8 in., acuminate at both ends. Flowers small, white, pedicels \ in., slender,
thickened above. Sepals glabrous, ovate, obtuse. Petals almost § in. long. Stigmas
horse-shoe shaped. Fruit unknown. — I know nothing of this species beyond Kurz's
description.

2. XHEXiXOSltXA, Blume.
(Millingtonia, Koxb., Wellikgtonia, Meissn.)

Trees or shrubs, usually pubescent or tomentose. Leaves simple or odd-pin-
nate ] leaflets subopposite, the terminal rarely wanting. Floivers in branched
terminal or terminal and axillary panicles, small or minute, hermaphrodite ;
bracts caducous. Bracteoles and sepals 5-9, persistent, forming an uninterrupted
whorl round the much larger petals, outer smaller. Petals 5 ; 3 large, nearly
orbicular, valvate, or imbricate ; 2 smaller, interior, placed behind the fertile

b2

SWY7,.

.4 xlv. SABiACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Meliosma

stamens, either membranous and nearly free, or reduced to a "bifid scale adnate
to the filament. Stamens 5 ; 2 fertile, opposite the smaller petals, filament
short, flattened, incurved, expanded at the top into a cup, which bears two glo-
bose cells that burst transversely, springing back elastically ; 3 deformed, broad,
opposite the larger petals, 2-fid with 2 empty cells, together forming a cup over
the pistil. Disk cupular or annular, with 2-5 simple or toothed teeth. Ovary
sessile, 2- rarely 3-celled, contracted into a simple or 2-partible style, stigma sim-
ple ; ovules 2 in each cell. Ih'upe small, oblique, subglobose ; stone crustaceous, 1-
celled, with usually a basilar rounded projection, over which the seed is
curved. Seed globose, testa membranous; cotyledons conduplicate, radicle
incurved. — Disteib. Species about 20, natives of Tropical Asia and the Malay
Archipelago, with a very few S. America.

* Leaves simple.

t Leaves serrate-toothed (see also 3. M. Wightii and 4. M. simplicifolia).

1. BX. dillenisefolia, Wall. mss. (Millingtonia) ; leaves obovate or oblan-
ceolate coarsely spinulose-toothed pubescent or tomentose beneath, panicles
lax slender, flowers pedicelled, sepals and bracteoles ciliate, petals membran-
ous, inner orbicular. Brandis For. Flor. 115 ; Wt. 8f Am. in Ed. New Phil.
Journ., 1833, 179; Wt. HI. i. 144 (Millingtonia) ; Millingtonia, Wall. Cat. 8116.

Temperate Himalaya; from Simla, alt. 4-8000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 8-10,000 ft.
— Distbib. ? Japan.

A small tree, 20 ft. ; branches, petioles, and panicles covered with soft rusty
pubescence. Leaves 6-12 by 3-5 in., membranous, cuspidate-acuminate, nar-
rowed into the petiole ; nerves very many, parallel, ending in marginal teeth. Panicle
as long as the leaves or longer, spreading, lax-flowered ; bracts broad, deciduous ;
pedicels very short ; flowers white. Drupe globose, | in. diam., sometimes didymous.
— This is very near indeed to the Japan M. myriantha Sieb. & Zucc, which is just
distinguishable by the persistent subulate bracts. "Wallich's 8116 seems to be a young
state of this, with large leaves glabrous beneath.

2. SI. pungrens, Wall. Cat. 8114 E, F (Millingtonia) ; leaves ob-
lanceolate caudate-acuminate coarsely serrate glabrous or puberulous beneath,
flowers sessile glomerated, sepals and bracteoles about 7 all suborbicular cili-
ate, petals membranous. Brandis For. Flor. 116, M. acuminata, Boyle III.
139. M. integrifolia, Wall. Cat. 8114 G in part (Millingtonia). M. rigida and
M. ferruginea, Sieb. fy Zucc. (in Kerb. Hook.)

Subtropical and Temperate Himalaya ; alt. 3-8000 ft., from Marri to Nipal. —
Distrib. Japan.

A small tree ; branches, petioles, and panicles clothed with rusty pubescence.
Leaves 5-9 in. by 2-3 in., very coriaceous, narrowed into the petiole, almost spinulose
serrate, apex long quite entire ; nerves stout, ascending, very prominent beneath ;
petiole ;^1 in. Panicle often much larger than the leaves, spreading, erect ; flowers
densely fascicled on the ultimate branchlets, larger than in M.dilleniafoliaov simplici-
folia. Drupe £ in. diam. globose. — The Japanese specimens have usually longer
petioles, but I find no other difference. The densely glomerate larger flowers at once
distinguishes this from M. simplicifolia. The M. integrifolia Wall. Herb, under
8114 G-. consists of one specimen of this with nearly entire leaves, and one of M.
simplicifolia, both from Nipal.

ft Leaves quite entire, or subserrate when young only.

3. TNI. Wightii, Planch, in Herb. Hook; leaves coriaceous obovate
elliptic-obovate or oblanceolate shortly acuminate glabrous or pubescent be-
neath, flowers sessile glomerate, sepals and bracteoles about 9 broad ciliate
the outer pubescent on the back ; petals membranous. Brandis For. Flor. 116
(under M. pungens). Millingtonia simplicifolia, Wall. Cat. 8114 A. M. pungens,

Meliosma.~\ xlv. sabiace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 5

Wall. ; Wt. 8f Arn. in Ed. Neio Phil. Journ. 1833, 178 ; W. # A. Prodr. 116 ;
Wight Ic. t. 964, 3 ; Thwaites Enum. 59 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. 77 ; Bedd.
El. Sylv. Man. 77.

Western Peninsula ; from the Concan southwards. Ceylon, Central Province,
alt. 5-7000 ft.

Very similar to M. pungens, and perhaps only a form of that plant ; but the habit
is more robust, the leaves usually broader in proportion, less tapered to the base, and
quite entire, often more oblong-elliptic, with rarely a caudate apex, and if toothed the
teeth are less spinulose ; the flowers are of the same size, and similarly aggregated ;
the fruit also appears to be of the same size.

t 4. M. simplicifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 103 ; Cor. Fl. t. 254 (Millingto-
nia) ; leaves membranous obovate oblanceolate or oblong-lanceolate quite en-
tire or toothed when young glabrous or pubescent beneath, flowers sessile
distinct, sepals and bracteoles about 6 ciliate outer narrow hairy on the
back. Wall. Cat. 8114 B, C, D; W $ A. Prodr. 115 (Millingtonia) ; M.
integrifolia, Wall. Cat. 8114 G (Millingtonia); Thwaites Enum. 59; Griff.
Notul. iv. 162 ; Ic. PI. As. t. 442 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. 77.

Tropical Himalaya ; Nipal, Wallich ; Sikkim, alt. 2-4000 ft. J. H. B. ; Bhotan
Griffith — Khasia Mts. ascending to 3000 ft. ; Assam, Sylhet, Tenasserim at Mergui,
Griffith ; Western Peninsula, in subalpine forests, Beddome. Ceylon, common up
to an elevation of 3000 ft. Distrib. Java ?

A large tree ; branchlets and petioles puberulous, panicles pubescent. Leaves 6--16
by 4-7 in., narrowed into the petiole, young sometimes obtusely toothed, usually
membranous, shortly acuminate, glabrous or puberulous beneath, with strong raised
nerves ; petiole \-2 in. Panicle often longer than the leaves, sometimes leafy, or
panicles in the upper axil ; branches slender. Flowers much smaller than in M. Wightii,
not glomerated, more hairy on the bracts and sepals, which are much more acute.
Fruit about £ in. diam.— Miquel gives this as a native of Java, but I have seen no
specimen from Java exactly according with it. I have seen no Western Peninsula
specimens of this, but Beddome says it is' common on the Ghats, about 2-3000 ft.
elevation, above which its place is taken by M. pungens (Wightii).

5. BE. elliptica, Hook. f. ; leaves coriaceous elliptic acuminate at both
ends quite entire densely rufous pubescent or tomentose beneath, panicle
densely tomentose, flowers sessile distinct, sepals and bracteoles 3-6, orbicular
very coriaceous subciliate, petals very coriaceous subvalvate. Sabia? flori-
bunda, Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 521. *"

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay ; Sincapore, Lobb.

A tree ? ; branchlets, petioles, leaves beneath and panicles clothed with very soft
rusty dense almost velvety tomentum. Leaves 3-7 by l£-3 in., glabrous except the
pubescent midrib above, quite entire, rarely oblanceolate, narrowed into the petiole ;
nerves arched, very prominent beneath ; petiole ^-\ in. Panicle as in the genus,
usually larger than the leaves. Flowers of the size of M. simplicifolia, very distinct
from all the preceding in the small coriaceous glabrous sepals. Staminal scales
2-fid, ciliate at the tip (Maingay)— Kurz (Jour. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 74) refers
Sabia ? floribunda of Miquel to M. simplicifolia, meaning no doubt this species, under
which I hence cite it.

6. DX. lancifolia, Hook. f. ; clothed with spreading villous pubescence,
leaves very long oblanceolate acuminate membranous, flowers sessile, aggre-
gated, sepals and bracteoles 5 outer lanceolate ciliate and hairy on the back
inner glabrous oblong.

Malacca, Maingay.

Branchlets cylindric, clothed with a rough and much 'more spreading pubescence
than in any of the other species, especiallyon the panicle and nerves of the leaves be-

6 xlv. sabiacej:. (J. D. Hooker.) [Meliosma.

neath. Leaves 12-18 by 3£-4 in., very long and narrow very acuminate, but not
caudate, very gradually narrowed into the short ptuvie ; upper surface minutely
scabrid ; nerves numerous, arching. Panicle shorter than the leaves (in the only spe-
cimen). Flowers as small as in M. simplicifolia, crowded on the ultimate branchlets.
Inner sepals very coriaceous, obtuse, quite glabrous. Petals and fruit not seen.

** Leaves odd-pinnate.
f Leaflets serrate or toothed.

7. XK. pinnata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 104 (Millingtonia) ; nearly glabrous,
leaflets 6-12 pairs oblong or oblong- or linear-lanceolate acuminate more or less
serrate glabrous, panicle puberulous very large, flowers pedicelled or sessile.
Maxim. Diagn. FL Jap. Dec. iv. and v. 263 ; Wall. Cat. 8115 & 8117.

Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 1000 ft. J. D. H. Silhet, Roxburgh. Khasia Mts., alt.
3-5000 ft. H.f. § T. Upper Assam, Griffith.— Distrib. Japan?

A middling- sized tree; branches smooth. Leaves 6-18 in. ; petiole cylindric ;
leaflets 3-6 by 1-1 £ in. shortly petiolulate, much acuminate, sometimes nearly entire.
Panicle as long as the leaves, terminal ; branches spreading ; bracts minute, cadu-
cous, subulate. Flowers white, minute. Sepals and bracteoles 5, broadly orbicular-
ovate, minutely ciliate, otherwise glabrous. Petals subvalvate, glabrous. Disk
3-angled. Drupe as large as a pea. — The M. rhoifolia, Maxim., of Japan seems to be the
same as this.

8. HI. "Wallichii, Planch, in Herb. Hook. ; pubescent, leaflets 3-6-pairs
oblong oblong-ovate or obovate-acuminate more or less spinulose-toothed,
pubescent beneath, panicle tomentose, flowers very shortly pedicelled.

Tropical Himalaya; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, Herb. Griffith. Khasia Mts.,
alt. 4-6000 ft., H. f. $ T.— Distrib. Korea.

A small tree; branchlets rusty puberulous. Leaves, 6-12 in.; leaflets, 3-7 in.,
straight or falcate, rather coriaceous; petiole, petiolules and under-surface clothed
with a spreading rusty tomentum ; nerves many, curved ; upper surface opaque ;
base rounded oblique. Panicle stout, much branched ; hairs short spreading;
bracts caducous. Flowers minute, on short stout pedicels. Sepals and bracteoles 5,
glabrous, orbicular-ovate. Petals subvalvate. Drupe globose, the size of a small
pea. — Small specimens of this from Moflong in the Khasia seem identical with
a Corean plant collected by Wilford.

tt Leaflets quite entire.

9. BX. Arnottiana, Wight, III., i. 144, t. 63 (Millingtonia); rusty-
tomentose, leaflets 5-7 pairs subopposite ovate-lanceolate subcaudate acuminate
pubescent beneath, panicles rusty pubescent, flowers crowded sessile or shortly
pedicelled. Thwaites Enum. 59 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 1. 160. Sapindus ? microcarpus,

W. & A. Prodr. 112.

Western Peninsula; from Canara southwards, Wight. Ceylon; in the
central province, alt. 4-7000 ft.

A tree?; branchlets, petioles, petiolules, leaflets beneath and panicle clothed
with a spreading subfurfuraceous or velvety rusty pubescence. Leaves 6-10
in. ; leaflets 3-5 by l£-l£ in., rather membranous, lower often falcate and
recurved, base rounded, nerves not prominent, tips finely drawn out, upper surface
opaque ; petiolules \-% in. Panicle axillary and terminal. Flowers very numer-
ous, crowded on the branchlets of the panicle. Sepals and bracteoles 5, orbicular-
ovate, obtuse, ciliolate, rather pubescent. Petals subvalvate. Drupe globose, the
size of pea.

10. IMC. sumatrana, Jack in Mai. Misc. ii. 30 (Millingtonia) ; glabrous,
leaflets 3-6 pairs elliptic- or obovate- or ovate-lanceolate acuminate base acute
panicle contracted pubescent, flowers large crowded. M. nitida, Blume Cat.

Meliosma.'] xlv. sabiace^. (J. D. Hooker.) ?

Hort. Butt. 32 ; Rumphia, iii. 202, tab. 169 ; Nees in Flora, 1825, 10G (Milling-
tonia) ; Miq. Fl. Inch Bat. i. pt. 2, 017. Irina integerrinia, Blume Bijd. 231.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distbib. Sumatra.

A moderate-sized tree; branchlets glabrous. Leaves l-l£ ft,; petiole nearly
terete ; leaflets 6-10 in., opposite, very variable in shape, coriaceous, shining on
Loth surfaces ; nerves arched, much reticulate ; petiolules £-§ in. Panicle stout,
erect, rusty-pubescent, with rather spreading short pubescence; bracts acuminate,
filiate. Sepals and bracteoles 5, the outermost very small, broadly' orbicular-ovate,
rather thick, glabrous. Petals subvalvate. Filaments larger than usual in the
genus, without lateral teeth, the scale (petal) behind them being larger, elliptic and
entire. Fruit nearly ^ in. diam. — I think there can be no doubt but that this is
Jack's M. Sumatrana; and that it is the same with Blume's M. nitida. I have
in proof Java specimens of the latter named by Blume. Jack states that the ter-
minal leaflet is sometimes absent. Griffith has a single imperfect specimen of
apparently this plant from Malacca, with a few spinulose teeth on the upper part of
the leaflets ; it may be M. confusa, Bl. of Sumatra.

11. XK. lanceolata, Blume Cat. Hart. Buit. 32; Rmnphia, iii. 200,
t. 1(38 (B. excepted), Y&v.pubescens; pubescent, leaflets 6-8 pairs, very coriaceous
linear-oblong caudate-acuminate pubescent beneath margins recurved, panicle
tomentose with very long branches.

Malacca, Mt. Ophir, Griffith, Maingay (M. Sumatrana, Kew distrib. not of
^Tack).- — Distbib. Sumatra, Borneo.

A tree ; branchlets stout, rusty-pubescent. Leaves 1-2 ft. ; petiole stout, terete ;
leaflets 5-7 by l£-lf in., often recurved and subfalcate, base rounded, rigidly coriaceous,
shining above, opaque and pubescent beneath with much raised nerves ; petiolules
stout, g- in. Panicles very large, with long spreading branches, almost velvety with
rusty tomentum. Flowers minute, rather scattered, sessile or nearly so. Sepals
and bracteoles 4 or 5, broadly orbicular-ovate, glabrous, outer ciliate. Petals valvate.
Filaments short ; scales 2-fid. Fruit not seen. — The Bornean and Sumatra specimens
are more glabrous on the leaflets beneath, but I find no other difference.

Nat. Ord. XLVI. ANA CARD! ACES. (By J. D. Hooker.)

Trees or shrubs ; juice often milky and acrid. Leaves alternate, opposite in
Bouea, exstipulate, simple or compound. Inflorescence various ; flowers small,
regular, unisexual, polygamous, or bisexual. Calyx 3-5-partite, sometimes
accrescent, spathaceous in Gluta. Petals 3-5, alternate with the sepals, free,
rarely 0, imbricate or valvate in bud, sometimes accrescent. Dish flat,
cup-shaped or annular, entire or lobed, rarely obsolete. Stamens as many as
the petals, rarely more, inserted under, rarely on, the disk, filaments usually
subulate ; anthers 2-celled, basi- or dorsi-fixed. Ovary superior, half inferior
in Holiyarna, 1- or 2-6-celled, rudimentary or 2-3-fid in the' £ j °f 5-6 free
carpels in Buchanania ; styles 1-4, or stigma subsessile ; ovules solitary in the
cells, pendulous from the top or wall or from an ascending basal funicle.
Fruit usually a 1-5-celled 1-5-seeded drupe ; stone sometimes dehiscent. Seed
exalbuminous ; embryo straight or curved, cotyledons plano-convex, radicle
short. — Distrib. Chiefly tropical j genera about 45 ; species about 450.

Sorindcia Madagascariensis, DC. {Wall. Cat. 8491), is cultivated in gardens in
India.

Tribe I. Anacardieae. Ovary 1-celled, or if 2-celled, with one cell
-early suppressed.

A. Ovules pendulous from a basal funicle.

8 xlvi. anacaediace^. (J. D. Hooker.)

* Sepals and petals not acci'escent.

Calyx 4-5-partite. Petals 4-6. Stamens 4-10. Leaves

alternate, usually compound 1. Khus.

Calyx 5-partite. Petals 0. Stamens 3-4. Leaves alter-
nate, compound v . . .2. Pistacia.

Calyx 4-5-partite. Petals 4-5. Stamens 1-5. Stylo fili-
form. Leaves alternate, simple 3. Mangifera.

Calyx 5-partite. Petals 5. Stamens 8-10, all or a few
only perfect. Torus stipitate. Style filiform. Leaves
alternate, simple *3. Anacardium.

Calyx 3-5-partite, valvate. Petals 3-5. Stamens 3-5, all

perfect. Style short. Leaves opposite, simple . . 4. Bouea.

Calyx spathaceous. Petals 4-6. Stamens 4-6. Torus stipi-
tate. Style filiform. Leaves alternate, simple . . 5. Gluta.

Calyx 3-5-lobed. Petals 3-5. Stamens 10. Carpels 5-6,
one only perfect. Styles short. Leaves alternate,
simple 6. Buchanania.

** Sepals or petals acci'escent. Leaves simple.

Calyx spathaceous. Stamens 5 or numerous ... 7. Melanorrhosa.
Calyx 5-partite. Stamens 5 8. Swintonia.

B. Ovules pendulous from the top of the cell or from the walls of the
ovary above the middle.

* Leaves 3-foliolate or pinnate.

Calyx not accrescent. Petals valvate. Stamens 10.

Style 1 9. Solenocarpus.

Calyx not accrescent. Petals imbricate. Stamens 10.

Style 1 .10. Tapiria.

Calyx not accrescent. Petals imbricate. Stamens 5,

with 5 staminodes.. Style very short . . . .11. Pentaspadon.
Calyx not accrescent. Petals imbricate. Stamens 8-10.

Styles 3-4 12. Odina.

Calyx accrescent. Petals 4. Stamens 4. Style 3-fid . 13. Parishia.

**

Leaves simjrte.

Petals imbricate. Stamens 5. Styles 3. Drupe on a much

enlarged peduncle 14. Semecarpus.

Petals imbricate. Stamens 5. Style 1., Drupe superior . 15. Drimycarpus.

Petals valvate. Stamens 5. Styles 3. Drupe inferior . . 16. Holigarna.

Petals valvate. Stamens 5. Style 1. Drupe superior . 17. Melanochyla.

Petals imbricate. Stamens 4. Style 1, short. Drupe

superior 18. Nothopegia.

Petals imbricate. Stamens 6-10. Style 1. Drupe superior 19. Campnosperma.

Tribe II. Spondieae. Ovary 2-5-celled ; ovules pendulous. Leaves
pinnate.

Flowers polygamous. Stamens 8-10. Styles 4-5, free above 20. Spondias. .
Flowers bisexal. Stamens 10. Styles 5, thick, connate

at the lips . 21. Dracontomelum.

DOUBTFUL GENUS.

Calyx 3-fid. Stamens 3. Ovary 3-celled. Leaves entire . ? 22. Eumphia.

Rhus.'] xlvi. ANACAKDiACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) <>

1. RHUS, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, with often an acrid juice. Leaves alternate, simple or 1-3-
foliolate or pinnate ; leaflets quite entire or serrate. Flozvei-s small, in terminal
and axillary panicles, polygamous. Calyx small, 4-6-parted, persistent ; seg-
ments nearly equal, imbricate. Petals 4-6, equal, spreading, imbricate. Stamens
4, 5, 6, or 10, inserted at the base of the disk, free ; filaments subulaffc ; anthers
short, imperfect in the $ flower. Ovary sessile, ovoid or globose, 1 -celled ;
styles 3, free or curvate, short or long ; stigmas simple or capitate ; ovule pendu-
lous from a basal funicle. Drupe small, dry, compressed; stone coriaceous,
crustaceous or bony. Seed pendulous from the funicle, testa membranous, coty-
ledons flattish, radicle hooked short superior. — A large genus of about 120
species, natives chiefly of warm temperate regions.

Sect. 1. Cotinus. Leaves simple. Panicle with many flowerless finally
elongate capillary hairy pedicels. Flowers bisexual. Drupe obovate, com-
pressed, stone triangular.

1. !R. Cotinus, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii, 4 ; leaves long-petioled
elliptic or obovate glabrous ortomentose. Brandis For.Flor. 118. R. velutina,
Wall. Cat. 998 (excl. C. in Herb. Linn. Soc.) ; R. lsevis, Wall. mss. in G. Don
Gen. Syst. ii. 65.

Western Subtropical Himalaya; alt. 3-5000 ft., from Marri to Kumaon. —
Distrib. from Syria westwards to France. «

A shrub or small tree. Leaves 2-4 in., obtuse ; nerves spreading, parallel ; petiole very-
slender, 1-2 in. Panicles axillary and terminal, very large, slender, and many-flowered.
Flowers ^ in. diam. ; pedicels very slender. Sepals linear-oblong, obtuse. Petals
twice as long, elliptic. Stamens shorter than the petals ; anthers large. Disk broad,
4-angled. Drupe £ in., compressed, covered with white hairs. — The numerous hairy
flowerless pedicels of the very large copious panicles give this bush a remarkable
appearance during and after flowering. Wall. Cat. 998 C. (in Herb. Linn. Soc. only)
is Rhus succedanea.

Sect. 2. Sumac. Leaves 3-foliolate or odd-pinnate. Flowers polygamous
dioecious or bisexual. Drupe ovoid or orbicular.
* Leaves trifoliolate.

2. R. parviflora, Roxb. Fl. Lnd. ii. 100; softly tomentose, leaflets
elliptic oblong-obovate or orbicular irregularly crenate above the middle. DC.
Prodr. ii. 70 ; Wall. Cat. 991 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Flor. Suppl. 19 ; Brandis
For. Flor. 119.

Western Himalaya; alt. 2-5000 ft., from Kumaon to Nipal. Central India
on the Pashmarchi hills, Brandis.

An unarmed shrub ; branchlets, leaves beneath, petioles and panicle densely
clothed with soft rusty tomentum. Leaves palmate, 3-foliolate; petiole 1-1^ in.,
stout ; leaflets 1^-3 in., sessile or the terminal contracted into a petiole, coriaceous,
tomentose on both surfaces especially beneath ; nerves spreading, parallel. Panicles
axillary and terminal, silky, longer than the leaves. Flowers ^ in. diam. ; pedicels
very short; bracts linear. Sepals ovate, the outer hairy. Petals twice as long, ob-
long. Disk 5-lobed. Drupe £ in. diam., ovoid, compressed, red-brown, shining. —
The Ceylon specimens alluded to in Brandis are no doubt cultivated ones.

3. R. mysorensis, Heyne; W. $ A. Prodr. 172; pubescent, leaf-
lets small obovate or cuneate sinuate-toothed or -lobed. Brandis For. Flor.
119 ; Beddome Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. 78. t. xi. f. 3 ; Wall. Cat. 997.

North "Western India ; Scind, Stocks ; Eohilkund, near Delhi. Western Panjab,
Sulima range, alt. 2500-5000 ft. Western Peninsula ; Maisor and the Dekkan.
A small shrub ; branches woody, flexuous, often spinous ; branchlets, petioles,

10 xlvi. anacardiace,e. (J. D. Hooker.) [Rhus.

leaves beneath, and panicle clothed with a rather furfaraceous pubescence. Leaves
palmately 3-foliolate; petiole £-§ in.; leaflets £-l£ in., the terminal always much
the largest, lateral often very small, all sessile and contracted at the base. Panicles
subsimple, very slender, axillary and terminal. Flowers ~ in. diam. ; pedicels short ;
bracts minute. Sepals ovate, 2 smaller. Petals oblong, much larger than the sepals.
Stamens short. Disk obscurely 5-lobed. Drupe § in. diam., subglobose, compressed,
red-brown, shining. — Brandis suspects that this may be a form of B. parviflora, but
I cannot think so.

4. It. paniculata, Wall. Cat. 993; glabrous, leaflets elliptic or
elliptic-oblong obtuse entire or very obscurely sinuate-lobed.

Bhotan, Griffith ; Birma at Yenangheum, Wallich. — Distrib. Yunan.

Probably a tree ; quite glabrous except the minutely puberulous panicles.
Leaves rather coriaceous, palmately 3-foliolate ; petiole l-l£ in. ; leaflets 3-5 by
1-2 in., rarely oblanceolate, sessile, contracted at the base, terminal the largest and
sometimes petiolulate ; nerves many, spreading, parallel. Panicles very slender,
axillary and terminal, elongate ; branchlets recurved. Flowers -i in. ; shortly pedicelled.
Sepals orbicular. Petals not much- larger, ovate-oblong, obtuse. Disk cup-shaped.
Drupe £ in. diam., nearly orbicular, depressed.

** Leaves odd-pinnate.

t Leaflets pubescent or tomentose beneath.

5. It. semi-alata, Murray; DC. Prodr. ii. 67; petiole usually winged
above, leaflets 4-6-pairs sessile toothed densely pubescent beneath, panicle
equalling the leaves, pericarp indehiscent. Brandis For. Flor. 119. R. bucki-
amela, Bo.vb. Fl. Lnd. ii. 99 ; Wight Lc. t. 561 ; Wall. Cat. 994. R. javanica,
L. (fid. DC). R. Arnela, Don Prodr. 248.

Tempekate Himalaya ; from Banahal to Sikkim, alt. 3-6000 ft. Khasia Mts.,
alt. 3-5000 ft.

A small tree ; branchlets, petioles, leaves beneath and panicles clothed with a
dense soft pubescence. Leaves 10-18 in. ; petiole cylindric ; leaflets coriaceous, sessile,
oblong, acuminate, base cuneate, terminal petiolulate, opaque above, pale reddish-
white beneath ; nerves many, parallel. Panicle large, broad, with a stout peduncle.
Flowers — in., white or pale yellow-green. Sepals ovate, obtuse, pubescent. Petals
much larger, oblong, ciliate, and with a ciliate median ridge on the upper surface.
Stamens exceeding the petals ; anthers large. Disk cup-shaped, 10-lobed. Styles
rather long. Drupe ^ in. diam., orbicular, compressed, red, shining, acid. — I have
specimens from the Bombay Presidency collected by Dr. Gibson (perhaps cultivated),
and from Ritchie (Griffith's Herbarium) collected at Baraghur (probably east of the
Indus) with the name " Semall-Shcorookee." The leaves are very small, the leaflets
about 1 in. long, more sharply serrated ; it may be a different species.

6. R. punjabensis, Stewart in Brandis For. Flor. 120; petiole not
winged pubescent, leaflets 5-6-pairs sessile quite entire or sen-ate towards the
tip slightly pubescent beneath, panicles much smaller than the leaves, flowers
sessile, pericarp indehiscent.

North Western Himalaya; Kunawur, alt. 6000 ft., Thomson. Eajaori and
Bussahir, alt, 2500-8000 ft., Brandis.

A tree 30-40 ft. ; branchlets, petioles, leaves beneath and panicles covered with
a very fine ^pale pubescence. Leaves 12-18 in. ; petiole slender, terete ; leaflets
sessile, oblong or ovate-oblong, acuminate, membranous, opaque above, base
rounded ; nerves numerous, slightly arched, simple. Panicles about half the length
of the leaves, subsessile ; branches dense, spreading. Flowers unknown. Drupes
-£ in. diam., orbicular, compressed, red, tomentose.

7. R. khasiana, Hook. f. ; petiole very slender glabrous, leaflets 8-12-

Bhus.~\ xlvi. ANACARDiACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 11

pairs membranous subsessile lanceolate incised-serrate long-acuminate hairy
chiefly on the nerves beneath, pericarp dehiscent.

Khasia Mts. ; at the Borpanee, and at Chittagong. H. f. <$f T.

A large tree. Leaves l-lj ft. ; petiole terete, soft, pubescent towards the tip ;
leaflets 3-4 by §-f in. ; base cuneate, oblique, glaucous beneath ; nerves very slender,
about 15 pairs, arched, clothed with soft white spreading hairs. Flowers not seen.
Drupes £ in. diam., in open panicles, pedicelled, orbicular-ovate, compressed ; epicarp
papery, pale, irregularly torn, exposing a fibrous endocarp. — I have only examined
imperfect specimens of this very distinct plant, which approaches R. punjabensis in
habit.

8. It. Wallichii, Hook. f. ; petiole tomentose not winged, leaflets 3-5-
pairs subsessile quite entire densely softly tomentose beneath, panicles much
shorter than the leaves, pericarp dehiscent. R. vernicifera (in part), DC.
Trodr. ii. 68 ; Bogle III. 175 ; Brandts For. Flor. 120. R. juglandifolia, Wall.
Cat. 996 (not of Willdenow).

Temperate Himalaya ; from Garwhal to Nipal, alt. 6-7000 ft.

A tree; branchlets stout, petioles and leaves beneath and panicles, clothed with
a soft dense rusty tomentum. Leaves 12-18 in.; petiole terete; leaflets 6-9 by
2—3 in., coriaceous, elliptic or oblong, acuminate, shortly petiolulate ; base rounded,
upper surface pubescent or glabrous ; nerves 20-25 pairs, parallel. Panicles much
shorter than the leaves, axillary ; branches short, stout. Flowers subsessile, ^ in. diam.
Sepals small, broadly ovate, obtuse. Petals mucli larger, obovate, concave, white ? with
very broad dark veins. Filaments short; anthers large. Disk broad, cup-shaped,
obscurely lobed. Drupes densely crowded, ^ in. diam., globose, puberulous ; epicarp
dry, crustaceous, bursting irregularly ; stone globose, very thick, bony, surrounded by
wax. — I agree with Brandis in regarding this as quite distinct from the Japanese
wax tree (R. vernicifera), from which it differs in the sessile flowers and laxer and
longer panicles ; juice corrosive. The Sikkim specimens referred to this species by
Brandis have glabrous petioles, and belong to R. insignis.

9. R. insig*nis, Hookf. ; petiole not winged glabrous, leaflets 3-4 pairs,
petiolulate glabrous above tomentose beneath, panicles shorter than the leaves,
drupe pedicelled, pericarp dehiscent.

Sikkim Himalaya, interior valleys, alt. 3-6000 ft. J. D. H. Khasia Mts. at
Nurtiung, alt. 4000 ft. H.f. $ T.

A small beautiful tree. Leaves 12-18 in. ; petiole terete ; leaflets 6-9 by 3-4^ in.,
coriaceous, quite entire, elliptic or oblong, abruptly acuminate, glabrous and shin-
ing above, rusty, softly tomentose beneath ; nerves very numerous, as in R. Wallichii.
Flowers not seen. Fruiting panicles axillary, stout, 10 in. long-peduncled ; branches
spreading. Drupes scattered on the panicle, globose ^ in. diam. ; epicarp thin,
dry, bursting irregularly and enclosing a globose white mass of wax containing a very
small flattened crustaceous stone. — Similar in many respects to R. Wallichii, but very
different in the glabrous petiole and panicle, petioluled leaflets that are often cordate
at the base, large lax glabrous panicles, and smaller very different fruit. The panicles
and petioles are crusted with lenticels in some Sikkim specimens.

10. R. ? Dhuna, Hamilton in Wall. Cat. 8502 (Terebinthaceae ?) ; pe-
tiole not winged and leaflets beneath softly tomentose ; leaflets 4 pairs petio-
lulate oblong abruptly acuminate.

Nipal at Patgong, Hamilton.

Leaves 2 ft. ; petiole stout, cylindric, grooved ; leaflets 6-10 by 3-4 in., coriaceous,
terminal obovate, with a cuneate base, the rest oblong with a cordate base ; midrib
stout; nerves 25 pairs slightly arched; under surface clothed with soft spreading hairs,
upper smooth, glabrous, with a slender midrib ; petiolule robust, cylindric i-^ in. —
I have only leaves of this very fine plant, which appear to be closely allied to R. Wal-
lichii, and R. insignis, differing from the former in the much less tomentose leaves
and petiolulate leaflets, and from the latter in the pubescent petiole.

12 xlvi. anacardiace^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Rhus.

ft Leaflets quite glabrous beneath.

11. H. succedanea, Linn. ; glabrous, leaflets 3-6 pairs oblong- ellip-
tic- or ovate-lanceolate caudate acuminate, panicle slender, flowers pedicelled,
pericarp dehiscent. DC. Prodr. ii. 08 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 98 ; Wight. Ic. t. 560 ;
Brandis For. Flor. 121 ; Wall. Cat. 992. R. acuminata, DC. Prodr. ii. 68.
Spondias ? Wall. Cat. 8479.

Tempeeate Himalaya, from Kashmir, alt. 3-6000 ft. ; to Sikkim, alt. 5-8000 ft.
and Bhotan ; Khasia Mts., alt. 2-6000 ft.— Distbib. Japan.

A tree about 30 feet high, everywhere glabrous, except the panicle in some va-
rieties. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, 6-18 in. ; petiole terete,
slender; leaflets 2-5 by l£-2£ in., petiolulate, elliptic-oblong or oblong- or ovate-lan-
ceolate, tip very slender ; base rounded or acute, straight or oblique ; nerves numerous,
slightly arched, slender. Panicles axillary, half the length of the leaves, slender, lax,
with a very few scattered hairs, or glabrous. Flowers -^th in. diam., yellow-green ;
pedicel slender. Sepals broadly ovate, obtuse. Petals much larger, oblong or obtuse.
Disk 5-lobed. Drupes ^ in. diam., in drooping panicles, gibbous, compressed, epicarp
very thin, bursting irregularly; stone compressed, bony, surrounded with wax. —
Perhaps two or three species are mixed up here, but I cannot satisfactorily distin-
guish them without more complete specimens than I possess.

^ Vae. 1. himalaica; shoots glabrous, leaves scattered, petiole 1-2 ft., leaflets 6-8
pairs, 4—6 by 1^-2^ in. petiolulate obliquely ovate-lanceolate acuminate very mem-
branous,, midrib often pilose beneath, nerves 10-15 pairs, much arched, panicle pu-
bescent in flower, fruiting glabrous very lax, drupes pedicelled laterally compressed.
— N. W. Himalaya, alt. 3-6000 ft., from Kashmir to Nipal. This differs from the
Japanese plant in the pubescent panicle and fewer more-arched nerves. There are fruits
of it from Nipal in Wallieh's Herbarium on the sheet with var. 3.

Vae. 2. sikkimensis ; shoots pubescent, leaves as in var. 1, flowering panicle lax
glabrous, fruit unknown. — A large tree of the Sikkim inner valleys, Lachen-Lachoong,
etc., alt. 5-8000 ft.

Vae. 3. acuminata, DC. Prodr. ii. 68 (sp.) ; leaves usually crowded at the ends
of the branches, petiole 6-10 in., leaflets 2-5 pairs, 2-5 by 1^-2 in. elliptic or ellip-
tic-obovate or -oblong often abruptly caudate-acuminate at length coriaceous, nerves
25-30 pairs horizontal straight parallel, panicle glabrous in flower, fruiting panicle
more dense, drupes on very short stout pedicels laterally compressed. — Himalaya
from Nipal to Bhotan, Khasia Mts.

Vae. 4. sphcerocarpa ; leaves of var. 3, drupes depressed spheres. — Khasia,
Griffith.

12. H. G-riffithii, Hook f. ; glabrous, leaflets 4-7 pairs oblong or ovate-
oblong acuminate, panicle stout pubescent, flowers subsessile, pericarp de-
hiscent.

Khasia Mts. alt. 4-6000 ft., Simons, etc. ; Mishmi Hills, Griffith.

A small tree. Leaves towards the ends of the branches, 1-2 ft. ; petiole stout,
terete; leaflets 5-10 by 2^-4 k in., coriaceous, quite entire, rounded or cordate, rarely
acute at the base, glabrous and opaque above, very obscurely puberulous on the midrib
and principal nerves beneath ; petiolules \ in., very stout ; nerves strong. Panicles
5-6 in. long, axillary ; peduncle and branches stout, pubescent. Flowers ^ in. diam.,
almost sessile. Sepals broadly ovate, obtuse, pubescent. Petals much larger,
linear-oblong, obtuse. Stamens exserted. Disk broad, sinuate-lobed. Drupes on
short stout pedicels, about ^-i in. diam., nearly orbicular, compressed ; epicarp thin,
bursting irregularly; stone compressed, surrounded with wax. — A very distinct spe-
cies, closely allied to R. succedanea, from which it differs in its much larger size,
stouter habit, larger leaflets often cordate at the base, pubescent stout panicle,
nearly sessile flower and smaller drupes.

Pistacia.'] xlvi. anacardiaceji. (J. D. Hooker.) 13

2. PISTACIA, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, pinnate, or 3-foliate. Flowers
small, apetalous in axillary racemes or panicles, dioecious. Male fl. Calyx
3-5-fid. Stamens 3-7. Disk small. Rudiment of Ovary minute or '0. Fem.
pl. bracteate. Sepals 3-4. Stamens and Disk 0. Ovary sessile, 1-celled ; style
short, 3-fid, stigmas capitate, recurved ; ovule pendulous from a basal funicle.
Drupe dry ; stone bony. Seed with a membranous testa ; cotyledons thick,
oily, curved. Distkib. Species about 6, natives of Western Asia and the
Mediterranean region, and one Mexican.

Several species of this genus, allied to Mediterranean forms, are found in Afghan-
istan and Beluchistan, but do not cross the frontier. The seeds of P. vera, L. the
Pistachio-nut, are imported into N. Western India.

P. integrerrima, Steivart in Brandts For. Flor. 122, t. xxii. ; leaflets
4-5 pairs lanceolate caudate-acuminate. Rhus integerrima, Wall. Cat. 8474.
H. Kakrasingee, Royle 111. 175.

North- Western Frontier ; Peshwur valley and Salt range. Western Hima-
laya; alt. 1200 to 8000* ft., from the Indus to Kumaon, usually on hot slopes.

A nearly glabrous tree, 40 ft. and upwards. Leaves 6-9 in., with or without a
terminal leaflet ; petiole terete, puberulous ; leaflets sub-opposite, petiolulate, coria-
ceous, quite entire, base oblique ; nerves many, arched. Panicles lateral ; £ compact,
pubescent ; $ lax, elongate ; flowers pedicelled, with 2 ovate bracts. Stamens 5-7, fila-
ments short ; anthers large, dark red. Fem. ix. Sepals 4, linear, and bracts deci-
duous. Style almost 3-partite. Drupe £ in., broader than long, glabrous, rugose,
grey. — Wood very hard and handsome.

3. XKEANG-EFEXIA, Linn.

Trees. Leaves alternate, petioled, quite entire, coriaceous. Flowers small,
polygamous in terminal panicles, pedicel articulate ; bracts ^deciduous. Calyx
4-5 partite ; segments imbricate, deciduous. Petals 4-5, free or adnate to the
disk, imbricate ; nerves thickened, sometimes ending in excrescences. Stamens
1-5, rarely 8, inserted just within the disk, or on it, 1 rarely more perfect and
much larger than the others, the others with imperfect or smaller anthers, or
reduced to teeth. Ovary sessile, 1-celled, oblique ; style lateral ; ovule pendu-
lous, funicle basal, inserted on the side of the cell above its base, rarely hori-
zontal. Drupe large, fleshy ; stone compressed, fibrous. Seed large, compressed,
testa papery ; cotyledons plano-convex, often unequal and lobed. Distrib. A
tropical Asiatic, chiefly Malayan genus, of about 30 species.

Of the species here described some may be referable to Malayan ones that are
imperfectly described by Blume and others. The genus is a very difficult one, and
the Malayan species want careful revision with many specimens.

Sect. 1. Disk tumid, usually 5-lobed, broader than the ovary. Petals free
from the disk, inserted at its base.

* Petals with 1-5 free or confluent ridges that do not end in wart-like ex-
crescences.

t Panicle pubescent or tomentose.

1. TfE. indica, Linn. ; leaves oblong or linear-oblong or elliptic or obo-
vate-lancoolate obtuse acute or acuminate, panicle usually tomentose, petals 5
with 3 ridges, stamens 1 fertile and 4 reduced to short capitate subulate
filaments, style sub-terminal. Roxb. Fl. Lnd. i. 641; W. $ A. Prodr. 170;

14 xlvi. anacaediaceje. (J. D. Hooker.) [Mangifera.

Beddome Fl. Sylv. t. 102 ; Wall. Cat. 8487 {excl. D. G. $ I.) ; Dalz. 8r Gibs.
Bomb. Flor. 51 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4510 ; Brandts For. Flor. 125. M. doniestica,
Gaertn. Fruct. t. 100.— Bheede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 1, 2.

Tropical Himalaya; alt. 1-3000 ft. from Kumaon to Bhotan Hills and valleys,
of Behar, the Khasia Mts., Birma, Oudh, and Western Peninsula from Kan-
deish southwards. — Distrib. Cultivated as far west as Muscat, in all Eastern tropi-
cal Asia, and generally in the tropics.

A large tree, glabrous, except the panicle ; branches widely spreading. Leaves
6-16 in., very variable in breadth, crowded at the ends of the branches*, acute, acu-
minate or obtuse, shining, nerved, quite entire, margins often undulate ; petiole 1-4
in., swollen at the base. Panicles a foot and more, pubescent, rarely glabrate ; bracts
elliptic, concave. Flowers yellow, odorous, subsessile, rarely pedicelled, <J and <*5
on the same panicle. Sepals ovate, oblong, concave. Petals twice as long, ovate,
ridges 3-5, orange. Disk fleshy, 5-lobed. Stamen 1, inserted upon the disk, filament
subulate ; anther purple. Ovary glabrous. Drupe 2-6 in., compressed, yellow. — It
is often difficult to say whether so common a tree is wild or not in a given locality,
but there seems to be little doubt but that it is indigenous in the localities enume-
rated above. Amongst the varieties, those with an almost glabrous panicle from the
Western Peninsula look the most unlike the ordinary cultivated form. One Maisor
specimen has leaves 10 by 1| in., much resembling those of M. oblongifolia, Wallich's-
8487 D. is a Sorindeia, a Madagascar plant accidentally intermixed ; 8487 G. is
Buchanania? acuminata {Wall. Cat. 981), and 8487 I. is, I suspect, M. sylvatica.

2. IMC. caloneura, Kurz in Beng. As. Soc. Journ. 1873, ii. 66 ; leaves
oblong or oblong-lanceolate finely reticulated between the nerves acuminate,
panicle spreading tomentose, flowers crowded sessile, petals 5 with 3 ridges,
stamens 1 or 2 fertile, ovary rough, style lateral or basal.

Martaban, Kurz.

A moderate sized tree. Leaves 4-6 by l£-lf in., equally reticulated on both sur-
faces between the 16-20 pairs of arching nerves ; petiole f-1 in., much thickened at
the base. Panicle tomentose throughout. Flowers much as in M. indica, the re-
flexed petals having 3 ridges. (Fruit as large as a hen's egg, subreniform, smooth,
obtuse, yellow, sweet and acid, Kurz). — My specimens of this are imperfect ; it is
evidently very nearly indeed allied to M. indica, differing chiefly in the very fine re-
ticulation of the leaves, as pointed out by Kurz. Wallich's M. indica, 8487 H. from
Tavoy is possibly the same.

3. BI. pentandra, Hook./.; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate acumi-
nate reticulated on both surfaces, panicle" spreading tomentose, flowers crowded
subsessile, petals 5 with 3 ridges, stamens 5 perfect, ovary smooth, style sub-
terminal.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.

A tree. Leaves 5-12 by 2-4 in., quite similar to those of M. indica, as are the
panicles and flowers, except that Maingay describes the disk as more fully and
fairly developed than in any form he had figured. The 5 stamens are all perfect
and unequal. The petals are yellowish-white, with yellow brown ridges. Maingay
figures the style as nearly terminal, and the ovule as quite laterally suspended. — The
Malay name is ' Mam ploni,' which means mango ripened artificially.

4. IK. Griffith!!, Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxii. 168, in note:
leaves small oblong or oblong-obovate obtuse reticulate between the nerves,
inflorescence of many suberect compound pubescent racemes, petals 4 orbicular-
oblong not much exceeding the sepals, stamen 1.

Malacca, Griffith.

Branches stout. Leaves 3-5 by l|-2 in. ; nerves about 10 pairs ; base narrowed ;
petiole stout, £ in. Racemes (branches of a reduced panicle), not much if at all longer

Mcmgifera.li xlvi. anacardiace,e. (J. D. Hooker.) 15

than the leaves, stout, finely pubescent. Flowers vrery small, | in. diam., sul)sessile.
Sepals broadly ovate, tomentose. Petals orbicular-ovate, with 2 short or more con-
fluent ridges. Disk with 5 or 6 subidate points. Stamens short.

5. BX. sclerophylla, Hook. f. ; leaves glabrous broadly elliptic with
obtuse narrowed tips most thickly coriaceous base acute or rounded nerves
obscure, petioles much thickened at the base, panicle pubescent of many erect
stout spiciform branches, petals not much exceeding the sepals, stamen 1.

Malacca, Maingay.

Branches very thick, woody, glabrous, angled, and channelled. Leaves 4-5 by
2-2£ in., alternate, not approximate at the ends of the branches, exceedingly thick
and hard when dry,smooth on both surfaces; midrib strong; nerves about 10, faint;
reticulations very obscure ; petiole 1 in., of the upper leaves \ in., extremely thickened
at the back especially, the thickening sometimes extending up the midrib. Panicle
4-6 in. long. Flowers sessile, ^ in. diam. ; bracts ovate. Sepals ovate, pubes-
cent. Petals ovate-oblong, with 3 short ridges. Bisk small. Young drupe nearly
orbicular. — No other Mangifera has foliage at all like this.

tt Panicle quite glabrous.

6. XIX. sylvatica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 644 ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate usually long-petioled, panicle ample glabrous, branches slender,
flowers pedicelled, petals 5 with 3 ridges, stamen 1 with no imperfect ones,
ovary smooth, style lateral. M. indica, Wall. Cat. 8487 1.

Tropical Nipal and Sikkim Himalaya, J. B. H. ; Silhkt, Roxb. ; Khasia
Mts., H.f. Sf T. ; Andaman Isls., Kurz.

I am in some doubt about this plant, which is well figured in Eoxburgh's
drawings, but of which I have seen no flowering or fruiting specimen. I believe
it to be a common tree in the Silhet, Khasia and Sikkim jungles, with usually
longer more membranous young leaves than the Mango, and a more open lax per-
fectly glabrous panicle, and loose pedicelled flowers. Roxburgh contrasts it with
the cultivated sorts as having a much larger panicle, with the numerous ramifica-
tions more erect and slender, flowers more completely monandrous, disk villous.
The leaves he describes as in the common Mango. The drupe he figures as ovoid,
gradually narrowed at the top into a sharp curved beak. Graham {Cat. Bomb. PI.)
states that is a native of the Bombay Ghats, but no one has t confirmed this.
Kurz's specimens, thus named from the Andaman Islands, have leaves 10—12 by
2i-3i in., membranous, much reticulated, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, petiole
very slender §-2 in.; nerves 16-20 pairs, slender, arched. I have gathered similar
specimens in Sikkim and Silhet, with petioles 4 in. long, and Wallich's 8487 I. quite
agrees with these. My Khasia ones, with slender branched panicles (as in Rox-
burgh's description and figure), but flowers all dropped, have leaves like those of
M. indica. Kurz (Joum. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 75), observes that Miquel has
incorrectly identified this plant with M. indica, from which it is at once distin-
guished by the very different white flowers, the disk and acuminated fruit.

7. XIX. long-ipes, Griff. Notul, iv. 419 ; leaves oblong- or elliptic-lanceo-
late acuminate faintly reticulate, panicle very lax spreading branches slender,
flowers pedicelled, petals 5 narrow with one slender basal ridge branching
into 5 nerves, stamen 1, imperfect ones minute.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.

A tree. Leaves 6-10 by l|-3 in., with 14-10 pairs of nerves, reticulation
obscure* above, more distinct beneath; petiole |-1| in. Panicles usually longer
.than the leaves, branches widely spreading, pedicels \ in. Flowers %~ in. diam.
Sepals ovate, subacute. Petals white, with yellow veins, very narrow, recurved.
Di4k broadly conical, papillose, 5-lobed. Stamen far exserted, filament elongated.
Ovary smooth ; style lateral, long, slender ; ovule obliquely ascending. — This, as

16 xlvi. anacardiacej:. (J. D. Hooker.) [Mangifera.

Griffith remarks, is very near M. sylvatica, and as far as I can see may be a form
of that plant, differing chiefly in the smaller disk and very narrow petals. Griffith
■describes the calyx and pedicels as puberulous, but I find no trace of this. Tho
Malay name is • Boa Pow.' — Griffith.

8. IH. zeylanica, Hook. f. ; leaves oblong-obovate oblong- or elliptic-
lanceolate obtuse or rounded at the tip reticulated, panicle glabrous stout
narrow, sepals orbicular, petals 5 oblong with 5 ridges, stamen 1 with 6-8
minute subulate filaments, style subterminal. M. indica, Thwaites Enum. 75 ;
Buchanania ? zeylanica, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 185.

Ceylon ; abundant up to an elevation of 3000 ft.

A tree, everywhere quite glabrous. Leaves small," 2-3| by 1-1^ in., coriaceous,
usually rounded at the tip, nerves 12-15 pairs, arching; petiole ^-f in. Panicle
stout, erect, much longer than the leaves. Flowers £ in, diam. ; pedicel slender.
Petals short, elliptic-oblong, with 5 nerve-like ridges. Bisk large. Stamen short.
Ovary obscurely pubescent. — Thwaites identifies this specifically with the culti-
vated M. indica, but it appears to me to differ much in habit and foliage, in the
contracted panicle, more pedicelled flowers, perfectly glabrous sepals, and short
petals.

9. BX. gracilipes, Hook. f. ; leaves small elliptic-lanceolate acuminate
obscurely reticulate, petiole very slender, inflorescence of many slender erect
glabrous compound racemes, pedicels very slender, petals 5 lanceolate with
3-5 ridges, stamen 1 perfect slender with 4 short subulate filaments, style
lateral.

Malacca., Maingay.

A large tree, everywhere perfectly glabrous ; branches very slender for the genus.
Leaves 3-4 by 1-1| in., undulate, much narrowed at both ends, nerves faint,
arched; petiole remarkably slender, f-1 in., not much thickened at the base.
Bacemes (branches of a sessile panicle which start in a fascicle from the tips of
the branches), long, very slender, much exceeding the leaves, and bearing short
lateral branches throughout' their length; pedicels very slender. Flowers about
£ in. diam. Sepals ovate, obtuse. Petals twice as long, pale green with purplish
ridges. Filament slender, exserted. Bisk rugose. Ovary quite smooth; ovule
pendulous from a basal funicle.

10. BE. oblongrifolia, Hook. f. ; leaves linear-oblong obtuse ' or sub-
acute very coriaceous not reticulated beneath, petiole long, panicle large
spreading quite glabrous, flowers pedicelled, petals 5 elliptic-oblong with a
basal tubercle and 3-5 more or less confluent ridges, stamen 1 perfect with 4
shorter antheriferous ones, style subterminal.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay (cult.).

A very large tree, glabrous throughout; branchlets stout. Leaves 8-12 by l§-2£
in., very coriaceous, with undulate margins, faintly reticulate above, not at all or
very obscurely so beneath ; base usually rounded ; nerves 20-25 pairs. Panicle very
large, branches widely spreading, 2-3-chotomously divided. Flowers distant, £ in.
diam. ; pedicel rather stout, \-± in. Sepals veined. Petals rather short, yellow, ridges
tipped with red. Fruit 4 in. long, ovoid, dull green. — Maingay, from whom this
description of the fruit is taken, says that this is cidtivated at Malacca as the Quenee
Mango.

** Petals 4, with 1-5 free or confluent ridges that terminate in wart-like
excrescences.

11. BE. quadrifida, Jack in Boxb. Fl. Incl. ed. Carey, ii. 440 ; leaves
elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtuse narrowed into long petioles reticulate
beneath inflorescence of many erect stout glabrous compound racemes, petals 4

Mangifera.'] xlvi. anacardiacej:. (J. D. Hooker.) 17

short ovate with 3 short confluent ridges, stamen 1, the others reduced to minute
teeth. Wall. Cat. 8489.

Penang, Jack; Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra.

A lofty tree, perfectly glabrous throughout ; branchlets very stout. Leaves 4-8 by
1^-2 in., rarely acute, very coriaceous ; nerves 15-20 pairs, reticulfction above obso-
lete ; petiole 1-2. in. Racemes equalling or exceeding the leaves, collected on a short
peduncle, rachis stout, branchlets 1-6 flowered. Flowers small, \ in. diam. ; pedicel
longer than the petals. Sepals broadly orbicular-ovate. Petals twice as long, pearly-
white (Maingay) ; the ridges raised at their ends. Stamens very short, inserted on
the disk. Disk tumid, 4-lobed. Style lateral. {Drupe roundish, becoming very
dark-coloured, Jack). — Maingay in his MSS. describes the petals as 5, and stamens as
usually 2, but I find the flower to be uniformly 4-merous and monandrous ; Jack
however states that a small superfluous fifth petal is sometimes placed within the
rest. This is allied in flower and inflorescence to M. Griffithii.

12. 1*1. BXaing'ayi, Hook. f. ; leaves elliptic-oblong acute or acuminate
not reticulate on either surface or obscurely so beneath only, panicle glabrous
spreading, flowers pedicelled, petals 4 oblong with 3-5 confluent ridges, stamen
1 perfect, the others reduced to teeth.

Malacca, Maingay. %

A tree, everywhere quite glabrous. Leaves 4-9 by 1|~3§ in., coriaceous, nerves
15-20 pairs, not strong, arched; petiole 1-2 in. Panicle equalling or exceeding the
leaves, branches pale green (when dry), rather slender. Flowers A in. diam., pedicel
slender. Sepals ovate, obtuse. Petals about twice as long. Stamen short. Style
subulate, subterminal. — There appear to be two varieties of this in Maingay's Her-
barium ; one (called Sapoong or Sampong), with larger leaves not narrowed into the
petiole, opaque above, with sunk nerves, tumid between the nerves ; the other
(marked as truly wild) with brown (when dry) more shining leaves, narrowed into
the petiole, more reticulated beneath, and the nerves not sunk ; its leaves are like
those of M. indica, from which its glabrous pedicelled flowers and warted petals at once
distinguish it ; both differ from M. quadrijida in the inflorescence. The first variety
has, according to Maingay, globose green fruit 3-4 by 2|-3 in.

13. ZH. microphylla, Griff. MSS.; leaves small elliptic acuminate
reticulate beneath, panicle stout contracted puberulous, flowers very shortly
pedicelled, sepals broadly ovate, petals 4 oblong with 3 ridges, stamen 1 with-
out rudiments of others.

Malacca, Griffith ; in orchards.

A small tree ( Griffith). Leaves 1^-4 by f-l£ in.,' shining above ; nerves 8-10-pairs ;
petiole slender, ^-^ in. Panicle short, stout, rather irregular, sometimes reduced to
erect compound racemes, by the abbreviation of the peduncle and the branches being
erect. Flowers about A in. diam., on short stout pedicels. Sepals pubescent. Petals
about twice as long, the ridges distinct. Filament slender. Style lateral. Fruit ovi-
form, green, very, turpentiny, Griffith. — Griffith has what appears to be a small state
of this, with small very shining leaves, quite polished on the upper surface.

Sect. 2. Bisk narrow, often reduced to the form of a stalk to the ovary,
rarely obsolete in the $ fl.

* Petals free from the disk.

14. IKE. o do rata, Griff. Notul. iv. 417; leaves elliptic-lanceolate or oblong
acute or acuminate-reticulate, panicle very stout with ascending stout branches
glabrous, petals 5 linear-oblong reflexed from the middle with a thick branching
ridge. M. fcetida, var. 8. Miquel in Herb. Hook.

Malacca, Griffith.— Disteib. Java (Zollinger, 430).
vol. n. c

18 xlvi. anacardiace.e. (J. D. Hooker.) [Mangifem.

A tree, everywhere quite glabrous, or very obscurely pubescent on the panicle.
Leaves 6-12 by 2-4 in., very coriaceous, reticulate on both surfaces ; nerves about 20-
pairs, very strong ; petiole stout, 1^— If in., much thickened from below the middle to
the base. Panicle with stout green branches that turn black when dry. Flowers \ in.
diam., odorous, flesh-coloured. Sepals ovate-oblong. Petals three times as long,
reflexed, greenish, suffused with blood-red. Perfect stamens sometimes 2 {Griffith),
the imperfect ones slender, subulate, capitate. Ovary glabrous. {Drupe oblong,
stinking, yellow-green, with yellow spots, filled with a sticky gum ; flesh yellow, fibrpus,
sweet, not turpentiny ; stone compressed, fibrous ; cotyledons rugose, equal at the
tbase, one overlapping at the top. Griffith.) — Malay name " Kooene " or " Kohini,"
according to Griffith, which is the name Maingay gives to M. oblongifolia (a totally
different plant). This much resembles M. Parih, Miq., of Java, which has a more
effuse panicle with long tertiary branchlets and very long pedicels.

15. BX. lag-enifera, Ghiff. Notul. iv. 414, t. 567, f. 3; leaves small
obovate-oblong or -spathulate obtuse or rounded at the tip, panicle large spread-
ing pubescent, petals 5 linear-oblong obscurely thickened in the middle, stamens
6 perfect.

Malacca, Griffith, Cumming (2330), Maingay.

A very lofty tree ( Griffith) ; branchlets stout, with pale bark. Leaves 3-6 by
l|-lf in., verv^th^ckty Cftriacaoas. gradually narrowed into a very stout petiole f-l£
in., not reticulate on either surface ; nerves about 20 pairs, very faint, spreading and
parallel. Panicle on a long and stout peduncle, much exceeding the leaves. Flowers
% in. diam. ; pedicels very short. Sepals many, orbicular, tomentose. Petals three
times as long, concave, purple, erect till a late period. Disk a slender stipes. Fila-
ments very slender (purple, alternating with short horns, Maingay). Ovary glabrous ;
style capillary, lateral. {Drupe pyriform, 4^ by 2£ in., pale green, with a pink blush,
flesh livid or purplish flesh-colour ; stone fibro-coriaceous, adherent to the membranous
testa ; radicle basal, very large. Maingay^) — Called Lanjoot by the Malays, according
to Maingay and Griffith. The latter describes the drupe as smooth, glaucescent,
fleshy, fetid, exuding a black varnish, traversed by innumerable fibres ; stone ovate-
lanceolate, fibro-coriaceous. Seed erect, adhering to the black tegument on the one
side, on the other smooth ; cotyledons with one half the surface smooth, the other
wrinkled. Maingay describes the disk as hemispherical, but I do not find it so.

16. JUL. fragrans, Maingay MSS. ; leaves very narrowly linear-oblong- or
lanceolate acute acuminate or rounded at the tip, panicle spreading quite gla-
"brous, petals narrow linear, stamens 5, one much longer than the others whose
anthers are imperfect.

Malacca, Maingay.

A tree, everywhere quite glabrous. Leaves much longer and narrower than in any
other species, 6-10 by l£-l| in., coriaceous, reticulated on both surfaces, margins
waved, base acute abruptly contracted into a very slender petiole 1-2 in.;
nerves 25-35 pairs, slender, almost horizontal. Panicle longer than the leaves,
peduncle long and branches thick, black when dry. Flowers erect, almost ^ in. long ;
pedicel turbinate. Sepals unequal, ovate-lanceolate. Petals very narrow, erect,
reflexed sharply from the middle, 1-nerved (Maingay), 3-nerved in a young state.
Disk a slender pedicel. Filaments very slender, shorter than the capillary style,
which is lateral. {Drupe obliquely broadly oblong-globose ; flesh yellow, acid and
terebinthine ; stone thin, fibrous ; testa coriaceous, Maingay.) — This in foliage
approaches very closely Blume's M. macrocarpa of Java, which has still narrower
leaves with crimped edges, 40 pairs of nerves, and a bitter-sweet fruit as large as a
child's head.

** Petals adnate to or inserted on the disk.

17. 3&« foetida, Lour. Fl. Coch. 160 ; leaves large elliptic-oblong or
-ohovate obtuse or acute not reticulate, nerves strong, panicle very stout glabrous

Mangifera.} xlvi. anacardiacejE. (J. D. Hooker.) 19

spreading, flowers suhsessile, petals 5 linear-lanceolate 3-ridged inserted on the
disk, stamens 5 one perfect the rest shorter imperfect. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed.
Carey, ii. 440 ; Wall. Cat. 8488 ; Grif: Notul. iv. 419. M. Horsfieldii & M.
foetida, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 632.— Humph. Amb. i. 98. t. 28.

Malacca, Penang, and Sincafore, Jack, &c— Distrib. Throughout the Malay-
Archipelago.

A large tree; branchlets very stout. Leaves very large, 10-12 by 3-4 in., very
coriaceous, pale when dry ; surface raised above between the stout nerves, of which
there are about 20 pairs ; base acute ; petiole stout, 1-2|- in. Panicle large, stout,
with very spreading branches, and these again with short tertiary cymose branchlets
(deep bloood-red, Maingay), black when dry. Flowers h in. diam., pink or dark red.
Sepals ovate, obtuse. Petals reflexed from the middle, inserted on the pedicel-like
disk above its base, but not decurrent on the disk. Ovary glabrous ; style slender,
lateral. {Drupe variable in form, not compressed, oblique, green, smooth, very fetid ;
flesh yellow, thick; stone almost 2-edged, chartaceous, fibrous ; cotyledons equal,
auricled at the base ; radicle short. Griffith.) — Maingay describes the fruit as
course-flavoured, and not unlike Lanjoot (M. lagenifera), stringy. Malay name
Bachang or Buchong. Eumph and Loureiro describe the drupe as hairy, but no one
else does so ; possibly the fibres of the stone are alluded to by these authors.

18. M* ©ee&ia, Jack in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 441 ; leaves cimeate-
obovate or -oblong or -elliptic with very short thick petioles, panicle branched
tomentose very stout, petals 5 erect adnate to the disk long narrow with one
central ridge, stamen 1. Griff. Notul. iv. 415. M. foetida, Blume (according
i;o Miquel in Herb.).

Malacca, Maingay (cult.). — Distrib. Sumatra, Java.

A large stately magnificent tree (Griffith); branchlets very stout. Leaves 6-16
by 2^-3|- in., very thickly coriaceous, smooth, rather shining, obscurely reticulated
beneath, decurrent on the petiole, which is £-1 in. ; nerves about 20-30 pairs, slightly
arched. Panicle very stout and much branched (of a glaucous reddish colour, Jack).
Flowers in dense heads on the tertiary branchiets, ^ in. long ; bracts broad ; pedicel
very thick, short. Sepals short, broadiy ovate, pubescent. Petals erect, adnate by the
ridge to the disk, linear, concave, purple. Disk slightly lobed, Imperfect stamens
reduced to mere teeth; filament of perfect one slender. Style lateral, slender.
(Drupe oblong-obovate, reddish-white, Jack.) — (xrifl&th says that the corolla is more
connate with the disk in the female, and that the panicle is cream-coloured and petals
white outside and lilac inside, and that the larger cotyledon alone is auricled. —
Malay name Beenjai or Binjaee.

19. XVX. superb a, Hook. f. ; leaves very large subsessile cuneate-oblan-
ceolate not reticulate, panicle spreading pubescent, flowers subcapitate very
large, petals 5 lanceolate acuminate adnate to the disk with a flat central ridge,
stamens 5, 1 perfect.

Malacca, Maingay.

A gigantic tree (Maingay) ; branchlets as thick as the thumb. Leaves 10-16 by
3-5 in., very thickly coriaceous and hard, obtuse, narrowed below into the short very
thick petiole, not reticulate ; nerves about 35 pairs, spreading, not sharply defined
but prominent, midrib very stout beneath. Panicle hoary-pubescent, probably 2 ft.
long, peduncle very thick ; primary branches strict, ascending, branched at the tips
and there bearing heads of flowers two inches across ; bracts large, concave. Flowers
| in. diam., lilac. Sepals hoary, \ in. long, ovate- lanceolate. Petals adnate to the
torus by the central ridge, concave, recurved. Filaments all slender, one antheri-
ferous. Ovary oblique ; style slender, subterminal ; ovule laterally attached, hori-
zontal.— This is a grand species, allied to M. ccesia, but far larger in all its parts than
any other of the genus. It is curious that no one but Maingay should have met with
so conspicuous a tree. Large sheathing stipnle-like scales occur amongst the leaves,
whose nature I cannot ascertain.

c2

20 xlvi. ANACARDiACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Mangifera.

20. M. policarpa, Griff. Notul. iv. 416 (polycarpa), t. 167, f. 2 (csesia) ;
leaves large sessile oblanceolate obtusely acuminate faintly reticulated undulate.

Malacca, Griffith.

A large tree, like M. foetida ; branches stout. Leaves nearly 1 foot long, very
coriaceous, nerves "50-30 pairs, arched; petiole \ in., winged, flattened. Flowers
unknown. Drupe oblong, base rather broader, brown, dusty all over, of a strong
Dorian* or Mango taste ; flesh and juice copious acid and pleasant ; stone lanceolate,
compressed, coriaceo-fibrous ; embryo obclavate. — Griffith, from whom most of the
above description is taken, says that this is the ' Camang,land that he proposes for it
the name of Mangij "era 'i policarpa (misprinted polycarpa, at p. 416 of the Notulse),
in allusion to the russet-coloured fruit, which is unique in the genus. Judging from
the foliage, this is probably allied to M. ccesia.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

Mangifera. Pegu, Kurz n. 2021 ; leaves very like those of M. fragrans in
shape and size and with equally slender petioles ; but the nerves are far less nume-
rous, about 20 pair, arched, very slender, and the under-surface is far less finely
reticulate, pale brown and quite opaque.

Mangifeka. Pegu, Kurz n. 2020 ; leaves 14-18 by 3£-4 in., narrowly
elliptic-lanceolate acuminate membranous glaucous beneath, finely but not closely
reticulate, nerves about 30 pair slender well defined slightly arched, petiole 2-4 in.
very slender. — I give this as a Mangifera on Kurz's authority.

*& AHA&ARDXUXiS, Rottb.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, petioled, simple, quite entire. Panicles
terminal,, bracteate. Floivers small, polygamous. Calyx 5-partite, segments
erect, imbricate, deciduous. Petals 5, linear-lanceolate, recurved, imbricate.
Disk filling the base of the calyx, erect. Stamens 8-10, all or some fertile ;
filaments connate and adnate to the disk. Ovary obovoid or obcordate ; style
filiform, excentrio, stigma minute; ovule 1, ascending from a lateral funicle.
Nut kidney-shaped, seated on a large pyriform fleshy body formed of the
enlarged disk and top of the peduncle ; pericarp cellular and full of oil. Seed
kidney-shaped, ascending, testa membranous, adherent ; cotyledons semi-lunar ;
radicle short, hooked. — Distrib. A small tropical American genus, of which
one species is naturalised in Asia.

A. occidentale, Linn.; DC. P7-odr. ii. 62 ; leaves obovate or obovate-
oblong glabrous obtuse retuse or rounded at the tip, base roimded or cuneate.
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 312 ; Wall. Cat. 990; Wight. $ Am. Prodr. i. 168; Grah.
Cat. Bomb. PI. 40; Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. Flor. Suppl. 18; Griff. Notul. iv,
408, t. 565, f. 3e,f.; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 163.— Rheede Hort. Mai. iii. t. 54.

Hotter parts of India, especially near the sea. Naturalised from America.
Ceylon.

A small tree ; trunk short, thick, crooked. Leaves 4-8 by 3-5 in., hard ; nerves
about 10 pair, nearly horizontal; petiole |-| in. Panicles 6-10 in., pubescent;
branches long naked to the tips where the flowers are collected ; bracts lanceolate,
gibbous, hoary. Flowers § in. diam., yellow with pink stripes. Stamens usually 9,
all fertile, one larger than the rest. Fruit 1 in., on a pyriform fleshy receptacle
2-3 inches long. — The Cashew- nut.

4. BOUEA, Meissn.

Trees. Leaves opposite, petioled, coriaceous, glabrous, quite entire. Floiuers
small, in axillary and terminal panicles, polygamous. Sepals 3-5, deciduous,

Bouea.'] xlvi. anacaeducej:. (J. D. Hooker.) 21

valvate. Petals 3-5, Imbricate. Disk veryjsmall. Stamens 3-5, inserted
•within the disk, all fertile. Ovary sessile; style short, terminal, stigma
obscurely unequally 3-lobed; ovule ascending from the wall of the cavity.
Drupe fleshy ; stone thin, fibrous, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed suberect ; coty-
ledons fleshy ; radicle very short, inferior. — Distrib. Species 5, natives of
Tropical Asia and the Malay Archipelago.

1. B. burmanica, Griff. Plant. Cantor 14; leaves 5-7 in. elliptic-
lanceolate obtusely acuminate, nerves 12-15 pairs, panicles obscurely puberulous
lax-flowered, flowers 4-5-merous. B. oppositifolia, Meissn. in Walp. Rep. i.
556. B. Brandisiana, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, ii. 50 ; 1873, ii. 66.
Mangifera oppositifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 640 ; Hort. Bengh. 18 ; Wall. Cat.
8490. Cambessedea, Wt. $ A. Prodr. i. 170.

Pegu, Tenasserim and the Andamah Islands. — Distrib. Java.

Leaves very coriaceous, pale ; nerves above stink, very slender, beneath raised with
a slender incised line along the ridge. Panicles much shorter than the leaves,
slender, spreading, lax, few-flowered. Flowers about | in. diam., yellow, pedicelled,
quite glabrous. Sepals rounded. Petals oblong, keeled on the face. Stamens
usually 4. Ovary obliquely ovoid. Drupe 1-2 in., broadly ovoid, compressed,
yellow, eatable. — 'Mariam' or 'Mai-een' of the Burmese. Kurz states that the
stamens are usually 8, perhaps a misprint for 3.

2. B. microphylla, Griff. Plant. Cantor 15 ; Notul. iv. 423 ; leaves
2$-8$ in. elliptic-lanceolate obtuse or obtusely acuminate, panicles dense-
flowered obscurely puberulous, flowers 4-merous. B. diversifolia, Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. Suppl. i. 522. ?B. myrsinoides, Blume Mus. Bat. t. i. 204; Miquel
1. c. i. pt. 2, 635.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra.

Very similar to B. burmanica, but much smaller in all its parts and usually
triandrous. — • Koomaniya Paigo ' of the Burmese.

3. B. macropftylla, Griff. Plant. Cantor 15 ; Notul. iv. 420, t. 567,
f. 4 ; leaves 6-10 in. oblong-lanceolate obtuse or obtusely acuminate, panicle
much branched dense-flowered very pubescent, flowers usually 3-merous. ? B.
gandaria, Blume Mus. Bat. i. 204, in note ; Miguel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 635.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Java, Borneo.

A much larger plant than B. oppositifolia, with more oblong glossy leaves, the
nerves 12-20 pairs sunk on the upper surface, raised on the lower but not grooved on
the ridge. Panicle 2-3 in. long ; branches stout, spreading horizontally and bearing
densely crowded cymes of flowers about i in. diam. Sepals 3 in the 9 (Griffith).
Stamens 3-5. Drupe ovoid oblong, a little oblique, as large as a hen's egg; pulp
yellowish, acid, not terebinthine ; stone leathery, fibrous, adherent to the testa.
Cotyledons lilac, equal, reticulate, rugose (Griffith). 'Koomaniya Baitool' of the
Malays.

5. GLUT A, Linn.

Trees with caustic juice. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branchlets,
short-petioled, simple, oblong, coriaceous. Panicles axillary and terminal.
Floioers small, hermaphrodite. Calyx spathaceous, bursting irregularly,
-caducous. Petals 4-6, adnate to the disk, imbricate. Disk elongate, rarely
short. Stamens 4-6, inserted on the disk, filaments capillary. Ovary sessile
•on the disk or stipitate, oblique, 1-celled ; style lateral, filiform, stigma simple ;
-ovule 1, pendulous from a basal funicle. Berry stalked, dry, deformed,
tubercled or ridged. Seed with the testa adherent to the pericarp and full of
black juice ; cotyledons large, connate, fleshy ; radicle short, obtuse, incurved. —
Distrib. About 8 species, all Malayan.

22 xlvi. anacardiacevE. (J. D. Hooker.) \_Gluta~

1. G. eleg-ans, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Inch eel. Carey, ii. 315 ; Cat. 1003
(Syndesmis) ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate not reticulate above,
petiole and nerves slender, panicles lax and flowers perfectly glabrous. Inde-
terminata, Wall. Cat. 9049.

Penang, Porter, Maingay.

A small tree, perfectly glabrous throughout; much branched; trunk stout.
Leaves 3-5 in., tapering at both ends, shining, reticulate beneath; nerves 8-12 pairs,
arched; petiole \-l\ in. Panicles much shorter than the leaves, slender. Flowers
| in. long, subcorymbose. Calyx tubular, membranous, scarlet, split, mouth 2- toothed.
Petals linear-lanceolate. Disk elongate. Stamens 4-5, as long as the petals. Drupe
f in. long, when dry, gibbous-oblong, smooth, style-scar nearer the base than top.
— A most beautiful and fragrant tree.

Var. Helftri ; leaves linear-oblong obtuse, nerves more oblique. Tenasserim or
Andaman Islands, Heifer. — Probably a different species.

2. G-. tavoyana, Wall. Cat. 1004 (Syndesmis) ; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late obtuse acute or acuminate reticulate, on both surfaces, petiole short,
panicles long-peduncled puberulous. Syndesmis sp., Griff. Notul. iv. 410.

Tenasserim, at Tavoy, Gomez; Mergui, Griffith.

A small tree with white branches. Leaves 4-12 by 1^-3 in., very coriaceous, brown,
rather waved; nerves 15-20 pairs, arched; petiole usually \ in., stout. Panicles
slender ; peduncle 1-3 in. ; flowers loosely corymbose, like those of G. elegans, but
smaller, about | in. long ; pedicel stouter ; calyx (scarlet), shorter, puberulous, not
toothed. Petals linear-spathulate, white.

3. G. coarctata, Grijf. Notul. iv. 409, t. 567, f. 1 (Syndesmis) ; leaves
recurved conduplicate short-petioled linear- or obovate-oblong obtuse or sub-
acute reticulate on both surfaces, margins waved, panicles pubescent, flowers
large.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.

A small tree. Leaves 5-10 by 2-3 in., coriaceous, bright brown when dry; nerves
15-22 pairs, very slender; petiole ~~ in. Panicles much branched, 3-5 in. ; flowers
crowded at the tops of the branches, | in. diam. Calyx short, almost campanulate,
split and lobed, very pubescent. Petals 5, obovate-lanceolate tipped with red.
Stamens 5. Drupe stibglobose, with an irregular raised ridge round the base, others
down the sides ; rind dry, papillose, coriaceous ; flesh white, fibrous and spongy ; stone
coriaceous, adnate to the testa. Seed erect; embryo very large, cotyledons sub-
hemispheric unequal fleshy, opposite faces pink, radicle short. — The description
of the fruit is taken from Griffith's Notulse and figure. The recurved subsessile
leaves and large flowers at once distinguish the species.

4. G-. travancorica, Bedd. Flor. Sylv. i. t. 60; leaves subsessile
small obovate-oblong rounded at the tip, panicles spreading tomentose, calyx
cupular.

Western Peninsula ; Ghats of Tinnevelly and Travancor, Beddome.

A very tall timber tree. Leaves 4-6 by 1|-1| in., coriaceous, reticulate on both
surfaces but especially beneath ; petiole very short, dilated. Panicles crowded,
terminal and in the upper axils, subcorymbose, shorter than the leaves ; bracts ovate,
boat-shaped. Calyx truncate at the base, very short, coriaceous, irregularly toothed
or lobed, split on one side, less deciduous than in the other species. Petals 5,
elliptic-obovate, obtuse, downy on both surfaces. Disk very short. Stamens 5,
filaments subulate. Drupe 1 in. diam., depressed-globose, stipitate.

6. BUCHANANIA, Roxb.

Trees. Leaves alternate, petioled, simple, quite entire. Panicles terminal
and axillary, crowded. Flowers small, white, hermaphrodite. Calyx short,.

Buchanania.~] xlvt. anacardiace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 23

3-5-toothed or -lobed, persistent, imbricate. Petals 4-5, oolong, recurved
imbricate. Disk orbicular, 6-lobed. Stamens 8-10, free, inserted at the base,
of the disk. Carpels 5-6, free, seated in the cavity of the disk, one fertile, the
rest imperfect ; style short, stigma truncate ; ovule 1, pendulous from a basal
funicle. Drupe small, flesh scanty ; stone crustaceous or bony, 2-valved. Seed
gibbous, acute at one end; cotyledons thick; radicle superior. — Disteib. A.
tropical Asiatic, Australian and Pacific Island genus ; species about 20.

1. B. latifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 385; leaves usually broadly
oblong rounded at the tip closely reticulate on both surfaces villous
pubescent or glabrate beneath, panicle woolly or velvety, flowers crowded.
Wt. 8f Am. Prodr. i. 169 ; Wall. Cat. 983 ; Bedd. Fl. Sijl. 1. 165 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 52 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 41 ; Brandts For. Flor. 127. Spondias
elliptica, Rottl.

Hot, drier parts of India, from Kumaon ascending to 1500 ft., and Oudh,
through Central India and to the Western Peninsula, Birma and Tenassebim.

A tree 40-50 ft., subdeciduous ; branehlets as thick as the finger. Leaves 6-10
in., i ery coriaceous or hard, nerves 15-20 pairs, stout, nearly straight ; petiole ^-l in.,
stout, pubescent. Panicles terminal and axillary, shorter than the leaves, pyramidal,
branches stout ; bracts small, caducous. Flowers \ in. diam., sessile, greenish white.
Calyx 5-toothed. Petals oblong. Disk fleshy. Stamens 10, spreading, as long as the
petals. Ovaries one perfect, conical, pubescent, 4 others reduced to filaments. Drupe
I in., subglobose, slightly compressed, black ; stone hard, 2-valved. — There is a
specimen marked from Malacca in Griffith's Herbarium.

2. B. ang-ustifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 386 ; Cor. PI. iii. t. 262 ; leaves
linear-oblong or elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate obtuse or rounded at the tip
base not narrowed into the petiole glabrous on both surfaces, nerves very
slender, panicles quite glabrous, flowers sessile. Wall. Cat. 982; W. fy A.
Prodr. 169 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 41 ; Wight Ic. t. 101. Spondias simplici-
folia, Rottl. Mangifera axillaris, Lamk.

Western Peninsula ; the Concan, from the Adjunta Jungles, Graham, south-
wards. Ceylon, in the northern parts of the island.

A tree, perfectly glabrous throughout, branehlets stout. Leases 4-6 by 1§— 2 in.,
thinly coriaceous, shining above, delicately reticulate beneath, rounded or acute
at the base; nerves 12-15 pairs, very slender; petiole f-lf in., slender. Panicles
axillary and terminal, about as long as the leaves, peduncle and branches slender,
spreading. Flowers in small clusters ±-~ in. diam., quite glabrous, nearly sessile.
Drupe \ in. diam., obliquely spherical. — The Malayan and Australian forms referred
to this appear to me to differ much in the leaf-base, narrowed into the shorter stouter
peduncle, and other points.

3. B. glabra, Wall. Cat. 984 ; leaves broadly elliptic or oblong or almost
orbicular obtuse or rounded at the tip quite glabrous, base rounded, nerves
strong, panicle spreading puberulous, flowers sessile.

Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Wallich.

A tree. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3 in., usually quite elliptic and rounded at both ends,
sometimes more acute at the base, very coriaceous, upper surface raised between the
nerves, faintly reticulate, lower strongly reticulate shining; nerves 12-15 pairs;
petiole always short, \ in. Panicle shorter than the leaves, rusty puberulous, glabrate
in fruit ; branches spreading, rather stout. Flowers ^ in. diam., rather crowded, very
shortly pedicelled. Fruit unripe, glabrous. — Wallich's are the only specimens of this
that I have seen ; it is nearest B. augustifolia, but differs materially in the broad
almost rounded leaves, very short petiole, and puberulous panicle.

4. B. lucida, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 184; quite glabrous throughout, laavea

24 xlyi. anacardiace^:. (J. D. Hooker.) [Buchanania.

obovate or obovate-oblong, tip rounded or obtuse reticulate on both surfaces
narrowed into the petiole, panicles lax spreading, branches slender, flowers
not crowded pedicelled. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 636. B. palembanica,
Blume ? Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858, pt. i. 473. Hypericinea angustata, Wall.
Cat. 4830. B. subobovata, Grif. Notul. iv. 413.

Eastern Peninsula; from Tenasserim to Malacca, and Penang. — Distrib.
Sumatra, Borneo, Australia ?

A tree, quite glabrous throughout. Leaves 4-7 by l|-2 in., coriaceous, very
brown when dry and rather shining; nerves 12-15 pairs slender, arched; petiole
1-lf in., gradually dilated upwards. Panicles usually longer than the leaves, very
many-flowered. Flowers § in. diam. (4-5-merous, white, disagreeably-scented,
Griffith). Sepals orbicular. Petals elliptic, obtuse. Filaments subulate, white. Drupe
| in. diam., orbicular, compressed with a sharp edge. — Blume's B. arborescens, and
perhaps B. longifolia, are hardly distinct from this, as is Miquel's petiolaris and
bancana. I should refer hither also the glabrous panicled Australian plant placed
under angustifolia, Roxb., in the Flora Australiensis.

Var. intermedia, leaves obovate-spathulate membranous. B. intermedia, Wight
Ic. t. 81. — Naggarie hills, Madras.

5. B. acuminata, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858, i. 472; glabrous
throughout, leaves long- or short-petioled obovate or *oblanceolate abruptly
acuminate, panicles spreading exceeding the leaves long-peduncled very slender
lax-flowered, flowers pedicelled. B. sessilifolia, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 184.
Hypericinea lucida, Wall. Cat. 4827. Terebinthacea, Wall. Cat. 8505.

Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Lobb ; Penang, Porter ; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
Distrib. Sumatra.

A small tree. Leaves 4-7 by 2— 2§ in., thinly coriaceous, tips very acute, base
much narrowed, reticulate on both surfaces, quite sessile in Penang specimens, with
Blender petioles sometimes 1| in. in Malacca and Tenasserim ones, bright brown
when dry ; nerves about 1 5 pairs, slender. Panicles chiefly axillary, branches divari-
cating. Flowers ~ in. diam. Sepals small, orbicular. Petals oblong. Filaments
compressed. Drupe as in B. lucida. — I think there is no doubt of Blume's B. sessili-
folia being a sessile-leaved form of this, which is far more frequently a petioled plant,
and therefore better fitted to Turczaninoffs name than to Blume's, though against the
laws of priority.

6. S. lanceolata, Wt. Ic. t. 237 ; III. i. 185 ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate
obtusely acuminate, petiole stout, 'panicles short pubescent, flowers crowded
subsessile. Buchanania ? acuminata, Wall. Cat. 981.

"Western Peninsula ; near Quilon, Wight.

A tree. Leaves 4-5 by l§-lf in., reticulate and shining on both surfaces, margin
waved, base acute but not contracted into the petiole; nerves 16-20 pairs, slender
arched ; petiole ^-f in., stout. Panicles shorter than the leaves, numerous, stout,
axillary and terminal. Flowers § in. diam., crowded on the short stout lateral
branches. Sepals rounded. Petals broadly oblong. Filaments subulate. Fruit
unknown. — "Wallich's B. ? acuminata, from Tavoy (Cat. 981), is very similar to this;
it has fruit only, and the nervation is a little different.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

B. lancifolia, Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 386 ; ' a large tree, leaves lanceolate obtuse
pointed lucid entire, panicles terminal.' — Chittagong.

B. ? acuminata, Wall. Cat. 981. See at end of 6. lanceolata. Tavoy, Gomez, in
fruit only.

B. LAxiFLORA, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. 2, 304; 'leaves 6-7 in.
ovate-oblong coriaceous finely tomentose glabrescent above, petiole \ in. stout, panicle
terminal lax diffuse much branched hoary or yellowish pubescent, flowers minute,

Melanorrhcea.~\ xlvi. anacardiace.e. (J. D. Hooker.) 25

pedicels short slender, bracts minute subulate, calyx hoary, lobes 5g in. long oblong

acute, petals ^ in. obovate-oblong, filaments subpuberulous, ovary glabrous.'

Martaban, Kurz.

\
7. HELANOBB»<Eil, Wall

Trees with a varnish juice. Leaves alternate, simple, quite entire, coriaceous.
Panicles axillary. Flowers rather large, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, cohering
into a pointed cap, deciduous. Petals 5-8, linear-oblong, imbricate, much
enlarged in fruit. Disk hemispheric or columnar. Stamens 5 or very numerous,
inserted all over the disk ; filaments capillary. Ovary stalked, lenticular,
oblique, 1-celled ; style sublateral, stigma simple ; ovule 1, pendulous from a
basal funicle. Fruit dry, subsessile on a long pedicel rising from the
stellately spreading persistent petals, globose coriaceous. Seed subglobose or
oblong; testa papery; cotyledons thick, plano-convex; radicle ascending. —
The following are the only species.

* Stamens many. Fruit pedicelled.

1. EX. usitata, Wall. PI. As. Par. i. 9. t. 11, 12: Cat. 597; leaves
obovate or elliptic obtuse softly tomentose on both surfaces.

Munnipobe, Biema and Tenasserim, Wallich, &c.

A large deciduous tree; branchlets very stout, velvety. Leaves 6-14 by
4-6 in. ; base cuneate ; nerves 28-30 pairs, stout, straight ; petiole flattened, winged,
|-1 in. Panicles 1 ft. long, peduncled, tomentose. Flowers lax | in. diam. ; pedicels
slender. Calyx calyptriform, beaked, pubescent. Petals 5-6, eventually 2-4 in. long,
linear-oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, reticulated, gland-dotted, pubescent. Stamens
20-30. Drupe the size of a cherry, red, glaucous ; pedicel \ in. — The varnish tree.

2. »I. glabra, Wall. Plant. As. Par. iii. t. 283; Cat. 1005; leaves
obovate-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate obtuse quite glabrous, nerves 16-20-pairs.
Melanorrhoea, Griff. Notul. iv. 409.

Tenasserim, at Tavoy, Gomez ; Mergui, Griffith.

A tree; branchlets hoary. Leaves 6-10 in., undulate, coriaceous, shiningabove,
reticulate on both surfaces; base cuneate; nerves 16-20-pairs, slender, arched,
very different from M. usitata; petiole § in. flattened, winged. Panicles lax,
slender, sparingly branched, about equalling the leaves, puberulous. Flowers on
slender pedicels, white, \ in. diam. Calyx membranous, calyptriform, acute pube-
scent. Petals linear-oblong, acute, puberulous, eventually 2-2| in. long, linear-
oblong or -spathulate, coriaceous, veined. Drupe § in. diam., depressed or globose,
quite smooth ; pedicel very slender, 1-1 £ in.

** Stamens 5. Fruit subsessile.

3. Ttt. XvEaingayi, Hook.f. ; leaves broadly elliptic obtuse long-petioled,
quite glabrous.

Malacca, Maingay.

A gigantic tree {Maingay) ; branchlets rather slender. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3 in.,
very coriaceous, deeply reticulate on both surfaces; nerves 18-20-pairs, strong-
parallel ; petiole 1-2 in. Panicles terminal and axillary, longer than the leaves, long-
peduncled, pubescent, curved, lax-flowered. Flowers \ in. diam. Calyx calypitri-
form, membranous, veined, split on one side as in Gluta, pubescent. Petals linear,
oblong, obtuse, tomentose. Stamens 5 ; filaments filiform, hairy. Disk elevated.
Ovary tomentose. Drupe \ in., oblong, obtuse, smooth.

4. XIX . "Wallichii, Hook. f. ; leaves petioled broadly obovate tip rounded,
nerves 12-14 pairs, panicles very numerous excessively branched very long
softly tomentose. Stagmaria vernicifl.ua, Jack ? Wall. Cat. 980.

26 xlvi. ANACAKDIACE.ZE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Swintonia.

Sincapoee, Wallich ; Malacca, Maingay.

A large tree. Leaves 6-8 by 3-4 in., coriaceous, obscurely reticulate above, more
distinctly beneath ; nerves strong, nearly straight ; petiole 1-1| in. Panicles
terminal and in the uppermost axils, branched from the base, curved, a foot long and
more, together forming a drooping mass of long arched finely pubescent angled (when
dry) peduncles, that branch towards their ends into slender tomentose branchlets
with innumerable softly downy flowers ; bracts large, obovate, concave, very mem-
branous. Flowers very shortly pedicelled, A in. long. Calyx narrow-ovoid, very
membranous, almost 2-valved. Petals linear-oblong, inserted towards the base of the
disk, villous on both surfaces. Stamens 5. Disk short. — "Wallich, who assumed this
to be Jack's Stagmaria vemiciflua ( Gluta Benghas, L.), found a tree of it in the forest
of Sincapore, close to Botany Hall, which, I assume, was his temporary residence.

8. SWINTONIA, Griff.

A tall tree, quite glabrous. Leaves alternate, long-petioled, simple, quite
entire. Panicles terminal and axillary, very large and broad. Flowers small
hermaphrodite or unisexual. Calyx small, 5-lobed, lobes rounded imbricate.
Petals 5, adnate to the middle of the disk, linear-oblong, imbricate, much
enlarged and reflexed in fruit. Dish short or elongate or cylindric. Stamens
5, inserted on the top of the disk, free. Ovary sessile, ovoid, 1-celled, narrowed
into the slender style ; stigma capitellate ; ovule pendulous from a basal funicle.
Drupe ovoid, smooth, sessile, coriaceous, subtended by the 5 reflexed enlarged
petals. Seed erect, testa thin; cotyledons amygdaloid. — Distkib. The
following are the only species known.

1. S. Griffithii, Kurz in Jour. Beng. As. Soc. 1870, ii. 75; leaves
elliptic-lanceolate acuminate at both ends, petiole long slender, panicle much
larger than the leaves lax spreading quite glabrous, branches very slender,
flowers pedicelled. Swintonia, Griff, in Proc. Linn. Soc. 1846, 283. Astro-
petalum 1, Griff. Notul. iv. 411, t. 565, f. 2, b. c. d.

Tenasseeim, at Mergui, Griffith ; Heifer.

A lofty tree, glabrous throughout ; branchlets very slender. Leaves 4-7 by 1-lf
in., sometimes subopposite or 3-nate ; tip obtuse ; margin waved, obscurely reticulate
above and beneath; nerves 16-20-pairs, very slender ; petiole 1£ in. Panicle copiously
branched from near the base. Flowers long-pedicelled, ^ in. diam, Petals linear-
oblong, quite glabrous, rapidly enlarging. Fruit unknown. — I do not find the
irregular pellucid dots which Griffith describes. Habit of a Mango, conspicuous
for its dense masses of flowers which, when bruised, emit a peppery smell.

2. S. Kelferi, Hook. f. ; leaves narrow-lanceolate obtusely acuminate,
base acute, margins undulate, petiole long slender, panicles much longer than the
leaves lax spreading quite glabrous, flowers pedicelled.

Tenasseeim or Andaman Islands, Heifer,

Very nearly allied to S. Griffithii, but branchlets stouter. Leaves much longer,
6-10 by 1-1^ in., drawn out into longer points, with more numerous (25-30) pairs of
nerves, rather stouter petioles, and more waved margins ; they are also of a dark
brown colour when dry, whereas those of S. Griffithii are pale greyish-brown. Drupe ■
(ripe) obovoid, £ in. The reflexed petals 2 in. long, linear, obtuse, veined, glabrous.

3. S. Schwenkii, Teysm. Sf Binnend. Cat. Hort. Bogor.2S0; leaves
oolong-lanceolate tip obtuse rounded or obtusely acuminate, base rounded
glaucous beneath, petiole very slender, panicles excessively branched longer or
shorter than the leaves, flowers minute subsessile. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.

Swintonia.'] xlvi. anacardiacevE. (J. D. Hooker.) 27"

Beng. 1870, ii. 75. Anauxanopetalum Schwenkii, Teysm. fy Binnend. in
Miguel Journ. i. 368. Astropetalum.2, Griffith, Notul. iv. 415.

Malacca, Griffith; Maingay. — Disteib. Sumatra. «

A tall tree ; branchlets rather slender. Leaves 3-5 in., usually obtusely acuminate,
rather thin ; margins hardly undulate ; nerves about 15-pairs ; petiole very slender, 2-2|
in. Panicles numerous from the upper axils, branched, peduncles and branches and
pedicels excessively slender and spreading. Flowers the smallest of the genus, when
first expanded, ^ in. diam., shortly pedicelled. Calyx-lobes orbicular, glabrous. Petals
oblong on expansion, very rapidly enlarging, finally 2\ in. long, linear, obtuse
coriaceous, veined. Drupe % in long, oblong, smooth. Cotyledons oblong, amygda-
loid ; radicle lateral, minute. — Kurz refers to this Astropetalum 1 of Griffith's
Notulse, which, as it appears to me from Griffith's notes and specimens, is his original
Swintonia, to which he attached the MS. name of S.floribunda, but for which I have
adopted Kurz's S. Grijfithii. The reference to " Cat. Hort. Begor." is taken from
Kurz. I do not find the name in the edition of that work at Kew.

4. S. spicifera, Hook.f. ; leaves obovate or elliptic-obovate tip rounded
base cuneate, panicles longer than the leaves branches strict, flowers forming
pubescent spikelets at the tips of the branchlets.

Penang ? Maingay.

A lofty thick-stemmed tree {Maingay). Leaves 3|-7 by l£-2 in., coriaceous, upper
surface shining with very obscure nerves, under glaucous with 12-15 pairs of very
slender nerves, reticulation very indistinct ; petiole f -1 in. Panicles subcorymbose,
sometimes leafy, repeatedly trichotomously forked; branches angular, strict, suberect,
glabrous, articulate, ultimate divisions \ in., stout, clothed with imbricating small
bracts and flowers ; rachis with close-set deep scars ; bracts orbicular, concave,
pubescent. Flowers \ in. diam. when first expanded, apparently polygamous, most of
them males and caducous ; pedicel very short. Calyx hemispheric, 5-lobed, lobes
orbicular, pubescent. Petals 5, oblong, obtuse, hoary, eventually 1-2| in., reflexed,
linear-oblong, obtuse, coriaceous in fruit. Stamens 5, filaments subulate ; anthers
oblong. Bisk confluent with the thickened base of the filament in the male. Brupe
| in. long, obliquely ovoid, smooth ; pericarp thin. Cotyledons amygdaloid. — I
assume this to be a Penang plant from the tickets and writing being of the same kind
as is attached to Maingay's other Penang plants. A very different species from the
rest, the imbricating flowers on the thick tips of the branchlets of the panicle is a
curious character.

9. SOLMOCAEPUS, Wt. & Arn.

A tree. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, odd-pinnate ; leaflets
opposite, glabrous, crenulate. Panicles terminal. Flowers small, hermaphrodite.
Calyx small, 5-toothed, imbricate, deciduous. Petals 5, ovate, valvate. Disk
broad, annular. Stamens 10, inserted at the base of the disk. Ovary sessile,
1-celled, style clavate, stigma obliquely truncate ; ovule 1, pendulous from
the top of the cell. Drupe small, obliquely oblong, truncate, compressed;
pericarp cellular, full of oil. Stone hard. Seed linear, compressed ; cotyledons
linear, plano-convex ; radicle very short, superior.

1. S. indica, Wt. $ Am. Prodr. i. 171 ; Beddome Fl. Sylv. t. 233 ; Anal.
Gen. 79.

"Western Peninsula; Malabar and Travancor, ascending to 2500 ft. on the
Anamally hills, Beddome.

Leaves 6-12 in.; petiole angled, slender, pubescent; leaflets 4-6 -pairs, 2-4 in.,
subopposite, sessile, except the terminal, which is long-petiolulate, oblong or oblong-
lanceolate acuminate ; base obliquely cordate, quite entire or remotely crenate, rather
coriaceous, glabrous, nerves 8-1 0-pairs, faint. Panicles much branched ; branches erect,.

28 xlvi. ANACARDIACE2E. (J. D. Hooker.) [Tapiria.

patent, pubescent, at length glabrate. Flowers shortly pedicelled, £-£ in. diam. Drupe
5- in. long, pedicelled.

10. TAPIRIA, Juss.

Erect or scandent shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate ; leaflets
numerous, subopposite, serrate. Panicles axillary and terminal. Flowers small,
green, polygamous. Calyx 5-partite ; segments imbricate, persistent. Petals 5,
small, oblong, imbricate. Disk broad, 5-lobed. Stamens 10, inserted at the
base of the disk ; anthers globose. Ovary in the <$ immersed in the disk, 4-5-
lobed, with 4-5 styles ; in the $ ovoid, more free, 1-celled ; style short, conic,
stigma simple ; ovule pendulous from the top of the cell. Drupe obliquely ob-
long, fleshy ; stone rugose, crustaceous. Seed oblong, testa membranous ; coty-
ledons large, plano-convex ; radicle superior. — Distbie. Species 8 or 10, chiefly
American.

1. T. hirsuta, Hookf. in Benth fy Hook. f. Gen. Plant, i. 423; Robergia
hirsuta, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 455 ; Pegia nitida, Coleb. in Trans* Linn. Soc. xv.
364 ; Phlebochiton, Wall, in Trans. Med. $ Phys. Soc. Calc. vii. 230 ; P. ex-
ternum, Oat. 8499.

Central and Eastern tropical Himalaya, from Nipal and Sikkim, ascending to
4000 ft. ; to Bhotan, Griffith. Assam, Silhet, and Chittagong.

A scandent shrub, more or less clothed with soft villous tomentum. Leaves 8-12
in. ; petiole villous, slender; leaflets petiolulate, 5-7 pairs, 1-4 in., oblong, acuminate,
membranous, rarely quite entire, base cordate. Panicles villous; bracts ovate.
Flowers — in. diam., pale, sweet-scented. Drupe the size of a currant, black ; flesh
next the stone cellular and full of viscid brown balsam.

11. PENTASPADON, Hook. f.

Trees. Leaves odd-pinnate ; leaflets opposite subsessile, quite entire. Pa-
nicles axillary, peduncled, branched, branchlets very slender. Flowers pedicelled,
minute, hermaphrodite. Calyx-lobes 5, imbricate. Petals 5, oblong-obovate,
strongly imbricate. Stamens 5, minute, inserted at the base of the disk, alter-
nate with 5 short subulate staminodes which are free or adnate to the side of the
disk, filaments short, broadly subulate ; anthers didymous. Disk cupular, ob-
scurely 10-lobed. Ovary seated on the disk, very minute, 1-celled, contracted into
a stout short style, stigma globose or obliquely oblong, large ; ovule 1, pendulous
from the upper part of the cavity.

1. P. 1 velutinus, Hook. f. ; petioles leaflets beneath and panicles
clothed with velvety tomentum.

Malacca, Maingay.

Branchlets stout, woody, cylindric, covered with close-set scars of fallen leaves, tips
-velvety. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches ; petiole 6-10 in. stout, cylindric,
•velvety, bearing no leaflets on the lower third or fourth ; leaflets 2-3| in. subsessile
except the petiolulate terminal one, oblong, acute or acuminate, base rather oblique
and rounded, thinly coriaceous, opaque above with pubescent midrib, thickly tomen-
tose beneath ; nerves 12-14 pairs, slender, arched. Panicles usually shorter than the
leaves, triangular, densely velvety, except the flowers, peduncle 2-4 in. ; branchlets
very numerous, erecto-patent, strict, very slender indeed, much divided and spread-
ing. Flowers ^ in. diam. on short glabrous pedicels ; bracts minute. Calyx lobes
ovate. Petals spreading, minutely puberulous. Stamens and Ovary very minute, as
compared to the petals. Drupe 1 in. long, rather scurfy outside, compressed, ovoid,
obliquely beaked, 1-celled ; pericarp cellular and full of black varnish, endocarp thin.

Odina.'] xlvi. anacardiacejE. (J. D. Hooker.) 2S>

Seed pendulous, oblong, compressed ; testa thin ; cotyledons thin, flat ; radicle supe-
rior.— Maingay notes that this tree is polygamo-dicecious, but all the flowers I have
examined seem to be" hermaphrodite. Owing to the minuteness of the parts of the
flower he states he was unable to make out the structure of the ovary, and ovules.
That I have given is, I think, correct.

The genus Pentaspadon was founded on a Bornean plant (Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii.
168 t. 24), afterwards published from Sumatran specimens as Nothoprotium by Mi-
quel (Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 527), who referred it to Burseraceoe. Miquel's description
is most imperfect, and I added to it in the Genera Plantarum the character of having two
styles, taken from flowers sent to me by Miquel as belonging to his plant, but which
prove to belong to a totally different one. Marchand (Kev. Anacard. 90, 183) was
the first to identify Nothoprotium with Pentaspadon, and his identification I have-
confirmed by specimens subsequently received from Miquel. The fruit of the original
species being unknown, it is possible that that here, described may not be con-
generic.

12. ODINA, Roxb.

Trees with few stout soft branches. Leaves few at the ends of the branches ,
alternate, odd-pinnate, deciduous ; leaflets opposite, quite entire. Racemes
simple and panicled, terminal, fascicled. Floioers small, monoecious or dioecious,
fascicled, shortly pedicelled. Calyx 4-5-lobed, persistent ; lobes rounded, im-
bricate. Petals 4-5, imbricate. Disk annular, 4-5-lobed. Male el. Stamens
8-10, inserted within the disk. Ovary 4r-5 parted. Fem. fl. Ovary sessile,
oblong, 1-celled ; styles 3-4, stout, stigmas simple or capitellate ; ovule pendulous
from near the top of the cell. Drupe small, compressed, reniform, crowned
by the distant styles ; stone hard. Seed compressed ; embryo curved, cotyle-
dons flat flesby, radicle superior. Distrib. About 12 species, of which most
are African.

1. O. Wodier, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 293 ; W. 8f A. Prodr. i. 171 ; Thwaites
Enum. 78 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 42 ; Wt. Ic. t. 60 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 123 ;
Wall. Cat. 8475 ; Royle III. t. 31 ; Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 51 ; Brandts For.
Flor. 123.— Rheede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 32.

Throughout the hotter parts of India, from the extreme N.W. and along the foot of
the Himalaya (ascending to 4000 ft.) to Assam, Bibma, Tenasserim, the Andaman
Islands, and Ceylon.

A deciduous ugly tree 40-50 ft. ; trunk very thick ; branches few ; bark exfoliat-
ing ; young parts clothed with stellate down. Leaves 12-18 in. ; petiole terete ; leaf-
lets 3-4 pairs, petiolulate, 3-6 in., oblong-ovate, caudate-acuminate, quite entire.
Racemes slender, S compound, 2 simple pubescent. Flowers 4-merous, fascicled,
shortly cymose, inodorous ; bracts ciliate. Sepals obtuse, ciliate. Petals twice as
long, oblong, spreading, purplish and greenish-yellow. Stamens equalling the petals
in the $ . Drupe red. — The tissues abound in starch, whence it is most easy to in-
crease this tree by cuttings of almost any part.

13. FAMSHIA,Hook.f.

Beautiful flowering trees. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate ; leaflets numerous,
quite entire, coriaceous. Panicles ample, nodding. Flotvers dioecious. Male.
Calyx cupular, 4-lobed ; lobes ovate, valvate. Petals 4, oblong, imbricate.
Disk short, annular, obscurely 4-lobed. Stamens 4, inserted below the margin
of the disk. Rudimentary ovary columnar. Fem. el. Calyx 4-lobed, lobes
greatly enlarged in fruit. Petals 4. Disk ? Stamens 4 ? Ovary sessile, ovoid,
1-celled ; style terminal, unequally 3-fid, stigmas capitate ; ovule pendulous
from near the top of the cell. Fruit dry, globose, pubescent, pointed by
the style-base, pericarp thin. Seed pendulous, testa membranous ; cotyledons
amygdaloid ; radicle superior. — Distrib. The following are the only species.

"30 xlyi. anacaediace^;. (J. D. Hooker.) [Parishia.

1. P. insigriis, Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 170, t. 26 ; leaflets
6-8 pairs, thinly coriaceous, ovate-cordate or -oblong oblique glabrous beneath,
fruiting sepals 3-3£ in. Astronium insigne, Marchand Rev. Anacard. 177.

Tenasserim, at Mergui, Griffith ; Andaman Islds., Parish, Kurz.

Leaves 1-2 ft., petiole cylindric, glabrous ; leaflets petiolulate, 5-8 in., variable in
shape, often gradually narrowed to the tip from just above the base, shining above,
reticulated beneath; midrib quite excentric ; nerves 12-20 pairs, slender, arched.
Panicles as long as the leaves, villous with spreading hairs. Flowers | in. diam.,
broadly campanulate. Sepals pubescent. Disk tomentose. Drupe the size of a large
pea, globose, pointed, tomentose ; enlarged sepals puberulous, acute or rounded at the
tip.

2. P. IMaing*ayi, Hook. f. ; leaflets 10-12 pairs, thickly coriaceous
oblong or linear-oblong obtuse puberulous beneath, fruiting sepals 6-7 in.

Malacca, Maingay.

A tree abounding in a resinous slightly viscid secretion {Maingay). Leaves
crowded at the ends of the branches; petiole 12-18 in., pubescent woody terete ;
leaflets 3-5 in., shortly petiolulate, base rounded, hard, shining above, with
obscure nerves; beneath minutely puberulous, and minutely reticulated; nerves
15-30 pair, slender, spreading, nearly straight. Panicles apparently shorter than
the leaves, pubescent. Petals linear-oblong. Disk pilose. Young fruit densely
•clothed with hispid ferruginous bristles; fruiting sepals puberulous, nearly 1 in.
broad, tip rounded. — I have assumed that the fruits belong to the leaves of the plant
with which Maingay has placed them ; but in cne of his Herbarium specimens, the
leaves of P. Maingayi are fastened down with the fruit of a species with pubescent
pericarp and acute fruiting sepals 4£ by 1| in.

3. P. pubescens, Hook. f. ; leaflets 5 pair thickly coriaceous oblong
acute or acuminate pubescent beneath, fruiting sepals 5 in.

Malacca, Maingay.

A lofty tree. Leaves 8-14 in. ; petiole pubescent, terete ; leaflets 3-5 in., sub-
sessile, base rounded, above glabrous except the midrib, shining, beneath lurid
thickly pubescent much reticulate; nerves 10-12 pairs, very strong, arched. Panicle
divided to the base into numerous fascicled branches, densely softly tomentose.
Flowers | in. diam., pedicelled. Ovary conical, pilose ; styles 3. Drupe \ in. long,
between conical and spherical, densely tomentose. Pericarp cartilaginous ; fruiting
sepals \ in. diam., tip rounded.

14. SE1HECARPUS, Linn. f.

Trees. Leaves alternate, simple, quite entire, coriaceous. Flowers small,
polygamous or dioecious, in terminal, rarely axillary panicles. Calyx 5-6-fid, seg-
ments deciduous. Petals 5-6, imbricate. Disk broad, annular. Stamens 5-6,
inserted at the base of the disk, imperfect in the $ flowers. Ovary 1-celled ;
styles 3 ; ovule pendulous from a basal funicle. Drupe fleshy, oblong or sub-
globose, oblique, seated on a fleshy receptacle formed of the thickened disk and
calyx base ; pericarp loaded with acrid resin. Seed pendulous, testa coriaceous,
inner coat somewhat fleshy ; embryo thick, cotyledons plano-convex, radicle
superior. — Disteib. About 20 species, tropical Asiatic and Australian.

f Leaves more or less pubescent beneath. Panicles pubescent (see also
7. S. marginata).

1. S. Anacardium, Linn. f. ; leaves very large oblong or obovate-
oblong tip rounded, base rounded cordate or cuneate opaque above brown
minutely pubescent beneath, panicle tomentose, drupe 1 in. Roxb. Flor. Ind.

Semecarpus."] xlvi. anacardiace^;. (J. D. Hooker.) 31

ii. 83 ; Cor. PI. i. t. 12 ; W. $ A. Prodr. i. 168 ; Wt. Ic. t. 558 ; Grah. Cat.
Bomb. PL 41 ; Bah. 8? Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 52 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 166 ; Brandts
For. Flor. 124 ; Wall. Cat. 8473. S. latifolius, Pers. (ex Marchand). Anar-
cardimn latifolium, Lanik. HI. t. 208. A. officinarum, Gcsrtn.

Tropical outer Himalaya, from Sirmore to Sikkim, ascending to 3500 ft. ; and
throughout the hotter parts of India, as far east as Assam (absent in the Eastern
Peninsula and Ceylon). — Distrib. Eastern Archipelago and N. Australia.

A moderate-sized dioecious deciduous tree, exuding a dark juice ; young parts
petioles leaves beneath and panicle clothed with a fine pale pubescence. Leaves 9-30
by 5-12 in., very coriaceous, fiat, margin cartilaginous, rarely linear-oblong, usually
contracted below the middle; nerves 16-25 pairs, stout, slightly arched; petiole
1-2 in., rounded, not winged. Panicle equalling or shorter than the leaves, stout ;
branches spreading ; bracts lanceolate. Flowers \-^ in. diam., subsessile, fascicled.
Petals much longer than the calyx, oblong, greenish-white. Filaments subulate.
Drupe 1 in. long, obliquely ovoid or oblong, smooth, shining, black ; cup orange-red.

Var. cuneifolia ; DC. Prodr. ii. 62 ; leaves cuneate at the base often tomentose
beneath. Tropical Himalaya, Khasia Mts., Behar, and the Concan. — S. cuneifolia,
Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 86 ; Grah. Cat Bomb. PI. 41.

2. S. microcarpa, Wall. Cat. 989; leaves large obovate or subpanduri-
form tip rounded base acute obtuse or rounded glabrous and opaque above
pale with fine subscabrid pubescence beneath, drupe £ in.

Birma ; on the Irawaddy, Wallich.

Very similar in habit and foliage to 8. Anacardium, but the drupes are less than
half the size. — Kurz's 8. albescens (see p. 35), which he describes as having the petals
valvate or subvalvate, a glabrous disk, pubescent ovary and 3 thick styles ; found in
the Moung forests, Pegu, by Dr. Brandis, may possibly be this.

3. S. pubescens, Thwaites Enum. 77 ; leaves lanceolate finely acumi-
nate under surface and petiole velvety-tonientose nerves nearly straight, panicles
slender velvety, drupe £ in.

Ceylon, at Eatnapoora, Walker, Thwaites.

A small tree (Thwaites). Leaves 6-12 by 2-2| in., opaque and glabrous above
except the pubescent midrib, densely clothed with rusty brown tomentum beneath,
base acute or rounded; nerves 16-20 pairs, somewhat arched; petiole §-1 in. Panicle
with very spreading branches. Flowers glabrous. Drupe oblong, slightly oblique, as
broad as the short cup.

4. S. Tliwaitesii, JTook.f.; leaves lanceolate finely acuminate under
surface and petiole laxly pubescent or glabrate nerves much arched, panicles
glabrate.

Ceylon, at Morowe Corle, Thwaites.

This, which is regarded by Thwaites as a glabrous form of 8. pubescens, seems to
me to be at once distinguished not only by the different pubescence, but by the much
.arched nerves.

** Leaves glabrous on both surfaces. Panicles glabrous.

5. S. travancorica, Bedd. Flor. Sylv. t. 232 ; leaves very large oblong
•or obovate- oblong thickly coriaceous, shining and reticulate on both surfaces,
lip rounded, base rounded or acute, petiole 2 in.

Western Peninsula; Travancor G-hats, alt. 2-3000 ft., Beddome.

A very large tree. Leaves 12 by 5-6 in., occasionally lanceolate and acuminate,
very coriaceous, dark green and shining above, paler beneath ; nerves 16-18 pairs,
much reticulated beneath ; petiole 2 in. Panicles axillary and terminal, compound,
spreading, about equalling the leaves. Flowers dioecious, 5-6-merous. Calyx pubes-

32 xlvi. ANACARDiACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Semecarpus.

cent, and ciliate, $ with a largo turbinate rudiment of an ovary. Drupe 1 in., obliquely
oblong, rounded at the tip ; cup broad, short. Beddome.

6. S. auriculata, Beddome Fl. Sylv. under t. 232 ; Ic. Plant. Ind. Or.,
t. 187 ; leaves sessile oblanceolate tip obtuse reticulate on both surfaces nerves
strong beneath.

Western Peninsula ; Travancor and Tinnevelly Mountains, Haync, Beddome.

A good-sized dioecious tree. Leaves 7 by If in., oblanceolate, obtusely acuminate,
very gradually narrowed at the base and there furnished with 2 rounded lobes just
above the petiole, dull green, glabrous, midrib slightly rusty, margin membranous,
reticulations prominent beneath ; petiole i-| in. Flowers <? 3-5-merous. Drupe
obliquely obovate, \ in. diam., broader than long, very oblique ; cup short, broad. —
Beddome.

7. S. znarg-inata, Thwaites Enum. 77 ; leaves 6-14 in. elliptic-obovate
or oblanceolate abruptly obtusely acuminate glabrous or pilose beneath, base
contracted auricled margin broadly cartilaginous, petiole very short and thick,
panicle from the old wood glabrous or pilose, nut \ in.

Ceylon; damp forests in the Galle, Eatnapoora and Ambagamowa districts,
Walker, Thwaites. .

An erect shrub, 6-8 ft., sparingly branched. Leaves 2|-5 in. broad, bright brown
when dry, but hardly shining, white margin ^ in. broad,"reticulate beneath ; nerves
about 12 pairs, slender, arched ; midrib grooved beneath; petiole \ in., remarkably
thick. Panicle short, slender. Nut ovoid, subcompressed, oblique, reddish ; cup half
as long, scarlet. — Described chiefly from Thwaites, who states that there is a form
with the leaves beneath clothed with spreading rigid hairs.

8. S. obovata, Moon Cat. 22; leaves 3-7 in. subsessile very broadly
obovate or oblong thickly coriaceous shining on both surfaces, tip rounded or
retuse, base cordate, panicles quite glabrous. Thiuaites Enum. 77.

Ceylon ; at Caltura and Eatnapoora.

A m6derate-sized tree, glabrous throughout. Leaves 2^-3^ in. broad, very thick,
dark brown above when dry, paler beneath, reticulated on both surfaces, but the
nervules not well defined ; nerves 6-8 pair ; petiole | in. Panicles rather slender,
branches spreading. Flowers minute. Unripe nut oblong, with a rather elongate
narrow cup.

9. S. DXoonii, Thwaites Enum. 77; leaves 6-12 in. oblong or oblong-
lanceolate shortly acuminate thickly coriaceous many-nerved much reticulate
beneath, petiole very short, panicle terminal large spreading.

Ceylon, south part of the island, Thwaites.

A moderate-sized perfectly glabrous tree. Leaves 2|-3| in. broad, hard, rather
shining grey-green above, with distinct and rather broad reticulations, which are
stronger on the brown unclersurface ; nerves 18-20 pairs, very spreading, shining
beneath, with the midrib grooved ; petiole ^-± in., very thick. Panicle with a stout
peduncle and spreading branches. Flowers numerous, \ in. diam.

10. S. coriacea, Thwaites Enum. 76; very robust, leaves 3-7 in.
obovate or obovate-oblong thickly coriaceous tip rounded much reticulate be-
neath "base subacute not narrowed into the very short petiole, panicles very
robust with spreading branches, drupe large broader than long.

Ceylon ; central province, alt. 5-7000 ft., Thwaites.

A moderate-sized tree, glabrous throughout ; branchlets as thick as the finger.
Leaves 1|-3| in. broad, hardly shining, pale above when dry, brown beneath, nerves
10-12 pairs, slightly arched, not well defined, as is the case with the reticulations
beneath ; midrib beneath grooved ; petiole £-£ in. long, and broad. Panicles fascicled,

Semecarpus.'] xlvi. anacardiacejj. (J. D. Hooker.) 33

rachis very stout. Flowers ~ in. diam., sessile, clustered. Nut £| in. diam., obliquely-
cordate, compressed, apiculate ; cup short, narrow.

11. S. subpeltata, Thwaites Enum. 75 ; leaves peltate 10-15 in.
oblong or ovate- or obovate-oblong abruptly obtusely acuminate thickly coria-
ceous broadly margined shining and reticulate above opaque and minutely
closely dotted beneath, panicle terminal stout, nuts transversely oblong.

Ceylon ; forests between G-alle and Eatnapoora, Thwaites.

A large tree, glabrous throughout ; branchlets as thick as the finger. Leaves
4-6^ in. broad, very thick, polished above and reticulate on both surfaces, base
rounded with the petiole inserted | in. within it ; nerves 1 6-20 pairs, nearly horizontal ;
midrib grooved on both surfaces ; petiole l|-2 in., very stout indeed. Panicle small
for the size of the plant, branches spreading. Flowers ± in. diam. Nut 1| in. broad,
much shorter ; cup large, kidney-shaped, fleshy. — A very handsome plant.

12. S. G-ardneri, Thwaites Enum. 76 & 410; leaves 6-15 in. lanceo-
late or elliptic or linear-lanceolate obtusely acuminate strongly closely reticulate
and dark beneath, midrib broad above, petiole 1-2 in., panicles axillary and
terminal, nuts § in. obliquely oblong broader than long.

Ceylon, common in the central province, ascending to 3000 ft.

A moderate-sized tree, glabrous throughout ; branchlets not very stout. Leaves
usually narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, coriaceous, opaque above, dark and densely
reticulate beneath ; base not decurrent on the petiole ; margin cartilaginous, waved ;
midrib very broad and flat; nerves 10-15 pairs, nearly horizontal or arched and
ascending ; ultimate venules curved with free ends, pale on a dark green ground.
Panicles numerous, axillary and terminal. Nuts oblique, broader than long; cup
shallow. — The minute reticulation of the undersurface of the leaf of this species is
quite peculiar. Thwaites' original 1257 (of first distribution) has leaves of the
following species and fruit of this. Marchand (Eev. Anacard. 169) refers this to S.
Anacardium var. angustifolium DC. (Prodr. ii. 62), an Amboyna plant, I know not on
what authority.

13. S. Walkeri, Hook. f. ; leaves 4-7 in. elliptic or oblong-lanceolate
acuminate transversely strongly reticulate and pale beneath, midrib slender
above, petiole 1-2 in., panicles terminal axillary and on the old wood, nut ovoid-
oblong erect half sunk in the cup. — S. obscura, Thwaites Enum. 410.

Ceylon ; Walker, Tliwaites (C. P. 2940).

This, which was first sent out by Thwaites with S. Gardneri, and afterwards-
referred by him to 8. obscura, differs from the latter in the leaves not being decurrent
and the long petioles, and from the former in the very different, reticulation of the
pale undersurface of the leaf, as well as in the form of the nut.

14. S. obscura, Thwaites Enum. 76 : leaves 3-0 in. obovate-oblong
narrowed into the very short petiole tip obtuse or rounded pale and strongly
reticulate beneath, midrib slender above, panicles terminal, nut ovoid-oblong.
? S. zeylanica, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 189. S. oblongifolia, var. Thwaites, C.P.
1258 ; Marchand Rev. Anacard. 169, var. 3.

Ceylon ; in the central province alt. 3000 ft., Macrae, Thwaites, Gardner.

A moderate-sized tree, glabrous throughout. Leaves l|-2 in. broad, gradually
decurrent on tho petiole, undersurface and its reticulations like those of 8. Walkeri ;
petiole ^ in. Nut | in., half sunk in the cup.

15. S. acuminata, Thwaites Enum. 76 ; leaves 4-12 in. elliptic- ovate-
or oblong-lanceolate finely caudate-acuminate closely reticulate and dark beneath,
petiole f in., panicles terminal and axillary, nut 1 in. obcordate broader than
long. S. oblongifolia, Thwaites Enum. I.e. S. oblongifolia, var. 2, Marchand Rev.
Anacard. 169.

VOL. II. D

34 xlvi. a-nacabdiace-E. (J. D. Hooker.) \_8emecavpus.

Ceylon ; forests in the Galle, Ratnapoora and Ambagamowa districts, Thwaites.

I retain this species with great hesitation, having only a flowery specimen, and
finding it referred to a variety of 8. oblongifolia, by Thwaites, in his Addenda. From
the latter it appears to me to be wholly distinct, having precisely the peculiar reticu-
lation and undersurface colouring of 8. Gardneri, from which it differs in the long
acute tail to the apex of the leaf and slender midrib above. According to Thwaites's
description, it further differs in the less coriaceous leaves, smaller panicle, and
differently shaped fruit. From 8. nigro-viridis and 8. obscura it seems to me to differ
in the leaf not being decurrent into the petiole, and in its very long acute tip.

16. S. nigro-viridis, Thwaites Enum. 76 & 410 (excl. var. acumi-
nata) ; leaves 3-6 in. obovate-cuneate or oblong-obovate narrowed into the
petiole, tip rounded or abruptly obtusely acuminate, pale and reticulate beneath,
midrib above slender, panicles terminal short, nut broader than long. S.
oblongifolia, var. nigro-viridis, Thwaites (O.P. 631, 641, 2444, 2586) ; Mar-
chand Rev. Anacard. 169.

Ceylon, central province, alt. 2-4000 ft., Thwaites.

A moderate-sized tree, glabrous throughout. Leaves 1^—2 in. broad, very variable
in breadth, but almost always cuneate-obovate and decurrent on the petiole, which is
i-1 in., very dark green ; nerves 6-10 pairs, much arched, reticulate as 8. obscura and
8. Walkeri. Panicles short, reduced to racemes. Flowers large, | in. diam. Nut
described by Thwaites as obliquely rounded or obcordate, compressed, with a hooked
apiculus, and narrower cup ; and this they are in his No. 2586, but in one specimen
of 631 they are ovoid and erect, and quite 1 in. long. Thwaites's 631 bis, with $
flowers only, also sent as 8. nigro-viridis, has elliptic-lanceolate leaves finely acuminate
and not narrowed into the petiole, which is longer, with very large spreading panicles.
It is probably identical with his original 1257, mentioned under 8. Gardneri.

17. S. parvifolia, Thwaites Enum. 77; leaves l£-3£ in. obovate or
elliptic decurrent on the slender petiole tip rounded or obtusely abruptly
acuminate, margin cartilaginous, strongly closely reticulate beneath with thick
nervules, racemes terminal slender few-flowered, flowers pedicelled. S. oblongi-
folia var. 4, Marchand Rev. Anacard. 169.

Ceylon ; Galle district, at Hinidoon Corle, Thwaites.

A moderate-sized tree, glabrous throughout. Leaves the smallest of the genus,
2-11 in. broad, very thickly coriaceous, and with a remarkably strong cartilaginous
border, shining above with a slender midrib, undersurface pale; nerves 7-12 pairs,
nearly horizontal ; petiole £ in., much more slender than usual in the genus.
Racemes shorter than the leaves. Nut unripe, elongate-conic with a curved acuminate
tip and a turbinate narrow cup.

18. ?S. lurida, Hook./.; leaves 5-8 in. narrowly elliptic-oblong or
-lanceolate obtuse very coriaceous decurrent on the petiole opique and
reticulated beneath with many spreading nerves, midrib above broad, panicles
terminal black when dry shorter than the leaves, flowers minute pedicelled.

Malacca, Maingay.

A tree, quite glabrous throughout. Leaves 1|-2| in. broad, almost shining above,
very opaque and lurid (as if glaucous when fresh) beneath, usually suddenly contracted
into an obtuse tip ; nerves 30-40 pairs, very slender, but not much raised beneath ;
midrib convex and much broader above ; petiole f-1 in., stout. Panicles terminal
and axillary, much branched, the lateral branches §-1 in. long, bearing loose cymes
of £ flowers not ± in. diam. Calyx obtusely 5-lobed. Petals broadly oblong, obtuse.
Stamens 5, anthers subglobose. Disk broad, fleshy, margin lobed. Ovary imperfect.
— I am very doubtful of the genus of this plant, of which I have seen no fruit.

•** Leaves glabrous on both surfaces. Panicles pubescent.

Semecarpiis.'] xlvi. anacardiaceje. (J. D. Hooker.) 35

19. S. subpanduriformis, Wall. Cat. 987; leaves lanceolately pan-
diyiform acuminate membranous white beneath, petiole short slender, panicle
terminal much branched.

Chittagong, Wallich (cult, in Calcutta Bot. Gardens).

Branchlets stout. Leaves 1 ft. and upwards by 3|-4 in., broadest much above the
middle, thence rapidly narrowing upwards to a very acuminate point and downwards
to the petiole but dilating again for one-fourth above the base, exceedingly thin and
membranous, opaque above, beneath brownish white, with faint indications of
pubescence on the nerves and midrib, reticulations very delicate; nerves 16-30, very
slender, straight ; petiole \-\ in. Panicles as long as the leaves, very robust and
much branched, finely pubescent. Flowers unknown. Fruit immature, obliquely
orbicular, compressed, with a small cup.

20. S. heterophylla, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 187 ; leaves 6-14 in. oblong
or obovate-oblong thickly coriaceous tip abruptly obtusely acuminate shining
above pale and reticulated beneath, petiole £-1 in., panicle pubescent very large
with slender erecto-patent branches, flowers minute. Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt.
2, 625.

Tenasserim or Andaman Islands, Heifer. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java.

Perfectly glabrous except the panicle. Leaves very variable according to Javanese
specimens, 1-4 in. broad, thick, hard, and leathery, reticulated on both surfaces,
whitish beneath, margin thickened, cartilaginous, base acute but not decurrent on the
petiole ; nerves 12-15 pairs, shining, somewhat arched. Panicle of the $ very large, a
foot long and more, and as broad; branches strict, pale, the ultimate slender with
small clusters of minute sessile flowers. Ntit in Java specimens transversely oblong,
1 in. diam. ; cup much narrower, shallow, pubescent when young.

SPECIES UNKNOWN OR IMPERFECTLY KNOWN TO ME.

S. subracemosa, Kurz in Jour. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 304 ; young parts pu-
berulous, leaves deciduous ? distant 3-4 in. oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtuse or
subobtuse subdecurrent into a broad glabrous petiole |-1 in. thinly chartaceous
glaucous glabrous and shining above, glaucous beneath and minutely puberulous when
young, midrib thick, nerves parallel, reticulations lax and conspicuous, panicles
axillary and terminal graceful puberulous, flowers small in fascicled cymes, pedicels
very short densely pubescent, calyx puberulous, petals valvate, filaments capillary,
disk hispid, styles 3 thick. — Pegu, Kurz. Probably a Holigarna.

S. acuminata, Kurz in Jour. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 75 ; perfectly glabrous,
leaves 6-12 in. cuneate-obovate or -oblong acuminate, base narrowed acute or
acuminate glaucous beneath, nerves slender acutely prominent, reticulations lax con-
spicuous, panicles terminal slender shorter than the leaves, lax quite glabrous, calyx-
teeth broad acute, petals oblong-lanceolate acuminate, disk hispid, ovary glabrous,
drupe obliquely oblong broader than long, cup as broad, scarlet. — Frequent in the
forests of Arracan on sandstone ; also in Chittagong, Kurz.

S. l^vigata, Thwaites in Herb. (Coll. 3948) ; a small species in a very imperfect
_state, with glabrous elliptic-obovate obtusely acuminate leaves 2-4 in. long shinin<*
"above transversely strongly reticulated beneath,— South parts of Ceylon. S. oblon-
gifolia var. 5, Marchand Bev. Anacard. 109.

S. albescens, Kurz in Beng. As. Soc. Jour. 1871, ii. ol ; 'a large tree, young
parts ^velvety -tomentose, leaves 7-12 in. elongate-obovate or cuneate-lanceolate
shortly and obtusely acuminate, base cuneate rounded or obtuse shining and glabrous
above except the pubescent nerves, thinly clothed with white tomentum and sparing
hairy beneath, nerves yellow conspicuous yellowish pilose not tomentose. reticulations

».I

36 xlvi. anacakdiaceje. (J. D. Hooker.) [Semecarpus.

lax, petiole i-1 in. thick tomentose, panicle densely yellow tomentose usually shorter
than the leaves, flowers small racemulose, pedicels ^-^ in., calyx minute pubescent,
petals valvate or subvalvate ■— in. shortly pubescent, ovary densely appressodly
hirsute, stigmas 3 thick glabrous, disk glabrous, stamens 5, filaments short rather,
broad 1 or 2 longer and abortive.' — Kurz.
Pegu ; in the Moung forest. Brandis.

15. DRIMYCARPUS, Hook. f.

Lofty trees. Leaves alternate, petioled, simple, quite entire. Racemes or
panicles axillary. Floivers small, subglobose, polygamous. Calyx superior;
lobes 5, rounded, imbricate. Petals 5, erect, orbicular, imbricate. Disk broad,
annular. Stamens 5, inserted at the base of the disk. Ovary inferior, 1-celled ;
style 1, very short ; stigma capitate ; ovule attached to the wall of the cell.
Drupe transversely obliquely ovoid, fibrous, flesh resinous ; stone coriaceous.
Seed attached to the wall of the cell, testa membranous ; embryo thick, coty-
ledons plano-convex radicle minute opposite the liihmi ; plumule hairy. —
Distrib. 2 or 3 Indian species.

1. D. racemosus, Hook.f. in Benth. $ Hook.f. Gen. PI. i. 424; leaves
linear-oblong or lanceolate acuminate glaucous beneath, margins waved. Holi-
garna racemosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 82 ; Wall. Cat. 1000.

Sikkim and Bhotan Himalaya, alt. 2-5000 ft. ; Silhet and Khasia Mts., alt.
O-4000 ft.

A large tree; branchlets glabrous. Leaves 4-12 in., coriaceous, shining above,
opaque and grey beneath ; nerves 20-30 pairs, strongly arched ; reticulations delicate ;
midrib above rather broad ; petiole £ in., stout. Racemes branched in axillary
fascicles, shorter than the leaves, pubescent or glabrate. Flowers ^ in. diam.,
crowded, the males most so, greenish-white. Drupe red, 1 in. diam. — Marchand
(Kev. Anacard. 172) mentions a Holigarna angustifolia Koxb. as identical with this,
but I find no such name published by Koxburgh.

16. HOLIGAENA, Ham.

Lofty trees. Leaves alternate, simple, petioled, entire, coriaceous ; petiole
furnished with 2 or 4 spur-like decidous appendages. Racemes or panicles
axillary and terminal. Floivers small, crowded, polygamous. Calyx superior ;
tube cup-shaped ; teeth 5, imbricate. Petals 5, densely villous in front, cohering
with the edge of the disk and at the base, persistent, valvate. Disk lining the
calyx-tube, obscure in the $ . Stamens 5, inserted on the edge of the disk,
coherent at the base with the petals, filaments subulate, glabrous ; anthers
small, subglobose. Ovary inferior, 1-celled ; styles 3-5, terminal, stigmas
capitate or clavate ; ovule pendulous from near the top of the cell. D?-upe sub-
compressed, oblong or ovoid, resinous, acrid ; stone coriaceous. Seed parietal,
testa membranous; embryo thick, cotyledons plano-convex; radicle minute
next the' hiliim. — Distrib. 7 species, all Indian.

* Leaves quite glabrous beneath.

1. H. A rnottiana, Hook.f. ; leaves cimeate-obovate obtuse or acute quite
glabrous decurrent on the petiole, petiole with two tubercles at the top, panicles
slender tomentose, drupe glabrous. II. longifolia, Wt. fy Am. Prodr. i. 160 ;
Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 41 ; Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. FL 51 ; Beddome Fl, Sylv. t.
167 (not of Roxburgh). Terebinthacea, Wall. Cat. 8504.

Western Peninsula ; from the Concan southwards on the Ghats.

Holigarna.'] xlvi. anacardiaceji. (J. D. Hooker.) 37

A tree, branches stout. Leaves 6-9 by 2-3 in., coriaceous, shining above, reticu-
lated and glaucous or not beneath ; nerves 16-20 pairs, strong, nearly straight, pro-
minent on both surfaces ; petiole £-1 in., rather slender ; petiolar spurs early deci-
duous. Panicles of compound racemes, axillary and terminal, shorter or longer than
the leaves, thickly rufous-tomentose when dry. Flowers crowded, minute, ^ £ in.
diam., enveloped in tomentum. Drupe 1 in., obliquely oblong, rounded at the top, quite
glabrous, long pedicelled. — Wight's originally distributed specimens (No. 526) have
leaves pubescent beneath.

2. II. ferrug'inea, Marchand Rev. Anarcard. 171 ; leaves cuneate-obovate
rounded at the tip quite glabrous decurrent on the petiole, petiole with two
tubercles at the top, racemes robust clothed with dark rusty tomentum.
Terebinthacea, Wall. Cat. 8503.

"Western Peninsula : Coorg, Herb. Stocks ; Travancor, Herb. Wall. ; Manga-
lore, Wight.

Very similar to H. Arnottiana, but the racemes are short and very robust, less
branched and clothed with a deeper red (when dry) tomentum, and the flowers are
much larger, being fully \-\ in. diam. Stamens longer than the petals. Styles 3-4 in.,
elongate. — The terminal bud of this species seems more glabrous than in the H.
Arnottiana.

3. H. long-ifolia, Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. 79, t. 282; Fl. Ind, ii. 80; leaves
1-2 ft. very narrowly cuneate-oblanceolate acuminate membranous glabrous and
glaucous beneath, petiole very short and thick, petiolar spurs 2 or 4 persistent
or deciduous, $ panicle finely pubescent. DC. Prodr. ii. 63.

Chtttagong, Roxburgh, &c. ; Pegu, Kurz.

A tall tree ; bark white. Leaves thinly coriaceous, hardly shining above, ciliate
when quite young, ending in a long acuminate point, gradually narrowed from above
the middle to the base which is hardly decurrent on the petiole ; nerves 20-25 pairs,
erecto-patent, slender, reticulations large ; petiole \- % in. Panicle very large and
spreading, $ tomentose. Flowers ^ in. diam., clustered. Fruiting panicle 18 in. long,
with spreading decurved branches. Drupes (immature) oblong. — Specimens from
Kurz.

4. XX. Helferi, Hook. f. ; leaves 8-16 in. cuneate-oblanceolate acute or
acuminate glaucous beneath rather coriaceous, decurrent on the very short pe-
tiole, spurs two on each side slender persistent, $ panicle much branched softly
densely tomentose, 9 simple racemose.

Tenasserim ; at Mergui, Heifer.

Branchlets stout, as thick as the finger. Leaves very variable in size, the smaller
7 by 2 in., with 10-12 pairs of nerves ; the large 16 by 4 in., with 26 pairs of nerves ;
upper surface opaque, under purplish-brown when dry ; midrib very prominent,
grooved, nerves slightly arched, slender ; transverse venules reticulated. Panicles $
rather slender, clothed with soft lax ferruginous tomentum. Flowers ■— in. diam., m
small glomerules ; 9 in stout simple racemes, pedicelled, very much larger than
the $ . Drupe subcylindrie, truncate, f in. — This may prove to be a form of H.
longifolia, but I do not think so.

** Leaves pubescent beneath.

5. H. G-rahamii, Hook. f. (not of Kurz) ; leaves 12-16 in. oblanceolate-
cuneate triangular above the middle and acuminate finely pubescent beneath,
petiole very short and thick, petiolar spurs 2 or 4 persistent. Semecarpus Gra-
hamii, Wt. Ic. t. 235 ; III. i. 185 ; Dalz. 8>- Gibs. Bo?nb. Fl. 52.

Western Peninsula; Ooncan, Graham, &c.

A tree 20-30 ft. ; branchlets very robust. Leaves 4-6 in. diam., gradually nar
rowed from above the middle to the base, hardly decurrent on the petiole, very rigidly

38 xlyi. anacaediace^:. (J. D. Hooker.) [Holigarna.

coriaceous, shining above, pale and reticulated beneath ; nerves 20-30 pairs, very pro-
minent beneath ; petiole \ in., spurs 1 or 2 on each side \- ^ in. Panicles terminal, <£
a foot long, much branched, clothed with ferruginous tomentum, <j> shorter. Flowers
clustered, $ about | in. diam. Styles 3. Drupe ovoid, glabrous, § in. long, upper
£ or £ exserted. — Kurz gives this as a native of Pegu, but the plants he sends to Kew
under this name are in part the true H. longifolia of Koxburgh, and in part H. albi-
cans. H. Grahamii differs from H. longifolia in the leaf being more triangular at
the top, not rounded and suddenly acuminate.

6. XX. Beddomei, Hook. f. ; leaves 10-22 in. cuneate-oblanceolate some-
times much produced below acute or acuminate densely velvety beneath young
membranous and ciliate,.

"Western Peninsula ; Anamallay hills, Beddome.

An enormous tree, Beddome. Leaves when old 10 in. long, coriaceous, densely
velvety, rufous ; nerves 18-22 pairs, stout, ferruginous, those of young plants 20 in.
long, membranous, ciliate with long hairs on the margin midrib and under surfaces ;
nerves slender 40-50 pairs, horizontal in the lower very elongated portion, more
arching above; petiole short; stipular spurs capillary, caducous. — A very fine species
of which the leaves only are known.

7. XX. albicans, Hook. f. ; leaves 6-16 in. oblanceolate-cuneate or oblong
coriaceous acuminate shining and reticulate above white beneath and glabrous
or very minutely pubescent in the midrib only laxly reticulate, panicle pubes-
cent as long as the leaf much branched, branches slender, £ flowers shortly pe-
dicelled ^ in. diam., drupe broader than long oblique. H. Grahamii, Kurz in
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 205.

Pegu, Maktaban, Kurz, McLelland, Scott.

Branchlets as thick as the thumb. Leaves 2-4 in. broad, base not decurrent on
the petiole, obtuse; midrib stout faintly grooved; nerves 14-18 pairs all raised,
arched ; petiole i-f in. Panicle of $ peduncled, rachis curved, branches very
slender, spreading ; of $ also much branched and spreading. Flowers $ only seen.
Sepals small. Petals obtuse, pubescent. Filaments very slender. Bisk pubescent.
Drupe pedicelled, f in. diam. when dry, turgid, somewhat compressed, ve.ry oblique,
the exposed portion much smaller, convex, puberulous. — Apparently a very dis-
tinct species, of which a large-leaved specimen from Kurz is marked H. Grahamii,
Kurz (Semecarpus, "Wight.) I find no trace of spurs on the petiole, but havo seen
no very young leaves. Kurz describes this as beard-like.

17. ZtXELANOCKYLA, Hook. f.

Trees. Leaves simple, very coriaceous, exstipulate, quite entire. Panicles
branched, axillary and terminal. Floivers small, unisexual. Calyx-tube per-
sistent, enlarged in fruit and adnate to the very base of the drupe, cupular,
lobes 5, erect. Petals 5, inserted on the edge of the disk, very coriaceous, per-
sistent, erect or suberect, villous in front, valvate. Disk lining the calyx-tube.
Stamens inserted on the edge of the disk, filaments stout, sometimes coherent at
the base with the petals villous ; anthers oblong. Ovary globose, 1-celled ;
style short, stigmas 3 ; ovule 1, pendulous from near the top of the cell. Drupe
globose, areolate at the base by the enlarged calyx, flesh full of black varnish ;
stone thick, hard. Seed oblong, testa thin ; cotyledons amygdaloid, radicle
superior. — Distkib. The following are the only known species.

1. XVI. tomentosa, Hook. f. ; branchlets petiole panicle and midrib be-
neath velvety-tomentose, leaves oblong acuminate rounded or subcordate at the
base.

Melanochyla.'] xlvi. anacardiace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 39

Malacca, Maingay.

Branchlets rather stout, densely clothed with soft spreading ferruginous tomentum.
Leaves 6-14 by 2-4 in., hard, smooth but hardly polished above, with a slender mid-
rib, not reticulated; beneath pale with 30-35 pairs of strong arched pubescent
nerves, and faint reticulations ; petiole very thick, \-% in. Panicle exceeding the
leaves, rachis almost villous, branches spreading pubescent. Flowers <J minute,
33 in. diam., in small lateral cymes, shortly pedicelled. Calyx lobed for half
way down, lobes obtuse. Petals oblong, obtuse, pubescent outside, villous within, very
coriaceous. Filaments rigid nearly as long as the petals. Drupe elliptic, globose,
1-1| in. diam., orange-yellow, clothed with ferruginous (when dry) pubescence, and
full of black varnish.

2. HE. angustifolia, Hook. /. ; leaves linear-lanceolate or -oblanceolate
acuminate quite glabrous, petiole long slender, panicles slender puberulous.

Malacca, Maingay.

Branchlets rather slender, minutely puberulous, as are the panicles. Leaves 6-10 by
l?— If in., hard, base acute often unequal, margin rather waved, shining on both sur-
faces, reticulations not well defined ; midrib slender above, strong beneath ; nerves
15-20 pairs, arched; petiole 1-1^- in. very slender, greatly thickened from \ in. above
the base. Panicles chiefly axillary, very slender, longer or shorter than the leaves.
Flowers in lateral cymules, $ ~ in. diam. ; like those of M. tomentosa, but much less
tomentose. Drupe unripe A^| in. diam, globose, api dilate, puberulous. — Maingay
describes the corolla as imbricate, but I find it to be quite valvate.

3. IH. Main g* ay i, Hook.f. ; leaves narrowly elliptic-oblong or -oblanceo-
late abruptly acuminate pubescent beneath, panicle stout tomentose.

Malacca, Maingay.
A tree yielding a copious black varnish, Maingay. Branchlets rather slender, gla-
brous or pubescent. Leaves 5-8 by 2^—3^ in., rigidly coriaceous, narrowed into the
petiole, smooth but hardly shining above, beneath minutely pubescent; nerves 20-25
pairs, strong, arched; reticulations beneath distinct, transverse; petiole £— f in. Pa-
nicle terminal, stout, ferruginous, Flowers pubescent, $ § in. diam. subsessile ; $
more than twice as large, with an almost urceolate calyx. Filaments rather broad.
Ovary globose, hairy. Fruit not seen.

4. XWE. auriculata, Hook.f. ; leaves narrowly linear-oblong from an au-
ricled tapering base recurved acuminate glabrous polished sessile or with a
very short enlarged petiole, panicle $ stout pubescent.

Malacca, Maingay.

Branchlets very thick and woody. Leaves 18 by 3-4 in., rigidly coriaceous, appa-
rently folded down the middle, recurved, polished on both surfaces, base^-f in. broad,
auricles recurved ; nerves about 30 pairs, slightly arched, more prominent above than
beneath, transverse reticulations faint beneath ; midrib at the base suddenly expand-
ing into a petiole 1 in. long and as broad, which is adnate to the branch. Panicles
terminal, smaller than the leaves, rusty-pubescent, rachis very stout. Flowers $ clus-
tered about I in. diam. Drupe oblong-globose, lj-1^ in. diam., puberulous, ribbed
when dry ; stone very thick.

18. NOTHOPSGZA, Blume.

Small tree. Leaves alternate or opposite, petioled, entire. Racemes short
axillary. Flowers small, bracteate, white, polygamous. Calyx small, 4-5-
lobed, persistent. Petals 4-5, spreading, imbricate. Disk annular, 4-5-lobed.
Stamens 4-5, inserted on the margin of the disk, filaments free hairy. Ovary
free, sessile, ovoid, 1-celled ; style very short, stigma simple ; ovule pendulous

40 xlvi. ANACAKDiACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Notlwpegia.

from near the top of the cell. Drupe depressed-turbinate, striate, tipped with
the style, flesh cellular. Seed pendulous; cotyledons thick, plano-convex,
radicle short sublateral. — Distrib. The following are the only species.

1. N. Colebrookiana, Blume Mas. Bot. i. 203 ; branchlets glabrous,
leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate quite glabrous, margin usually waved. Bedd.
Flor. Sylv. t. 164; Anal. Gen. 79. Pegia? Colebrookiana, Wt. Ic. t. 236; III. i.
185. Glycycarpus racemosus, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. ii. 39 ; Hook. Ic.
PL t. 842 ; Dalz. 8? Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 61, excl. syn. ; Thwaites Enum. 78.

Western Peninsula ; on the Ghats from the Southern Concan southwards.
Ceylon; ascending to 3000 ft. Common.

A small tree, about 15 ft. high, -with milky acrid juice. Leaves 2-8 by l-2£ in.,
usually elliptic-oblong with a tendency to be more narrow below than above, rarely
narrower and 8 by l£ in., base decurrent on the petiole, shining above, usually white
beneath ; nerves 15-20 pair, not prominent beneath, arched, reticulations also not
sharply defined ; petiole ^— f in. Racemes much shorter than the leaves, solitary and
fascicled, strict ; £ branched, much longer and more branched than the $ , more or
less pubescent. Flowers minute ; <£ sessile or nearly so, ■— in. diam. Petals' suberect
with recurved tips, hairy on the back. Sepals almost orbicular. Filaments almost
glabrous. Drupe \ in. diam., red, top depressed.

Var. 1. Heyneana ; leaves smaller 2-3 in. more shortly petioled obtuse, drupe blue.
— Terebinthacea ? Wall. Cat. 8500.

Var. 2. macrocarpa ; leaves 3-4 in. obovate-oblong shortly obtusely acuminate
very coriaceous, drupe |-f in. diam., top not depressed. — Shevaghery hills, Wight.

2. N. travancorica, Beddome MSS. ; branchlets petiole and midrib
beneath pubescent with short spreading hairs, leaves elliptic-lanceolate acumi-
nate, petals hairy within.

"Western Peninsula; Travancor, Beddome.

Leaves 6-7 by l£- \\ in., almost membranous, margin thickened, green below, ciliate
towards the base which is acute and not decurrent on the petiole ; nerves 30-35 pairs,
slightly arched; petiole \ in. Flowers $ in supra-axillary glomerules, £ in. diam.
Petals ovate-lanceolate. Filaments hairy, broad. — I have seen only imperfect
specimens.

3. N. aureo-fulva, Beddome MSS. ; branchlets petiole and midrib be-
neath densely rufous villous, leaves opposite narrow linear.

Western Peninsula ; Tinnevelly, Beddome.

Leaves 7-8 by 1 in., obtuse or acute, rather membranous, shining above, much
reticulated beneath ; nerves about 30 pair, slender, arched ; petiole §■ in. — I have seen
only an imperfect specimen of this very curious species.

19. CAMPNOSPERMA, Thwaites.

Trees. Leaves alternate, very coriaceous, simple, quite entire. Racemes
axillary, simple or sparingly branched. Flowers sessile, minute, hermaphrodite.
Calyx 3-5-partite ; segments erect, persistent, imbricate. Petals 3-6, suborbicular,
erect, imbricate. Disk urceolar. Stamens 6-10 ; inserted at the base of the
disk. Ovary free, sessile, ovoid, 1-celled (or 2-celled with 1 cell suppressed) ;
style very short, stigma discoid or capitate ; ovule 1, pendulous from the top of
the cell. Drupe ovoid, fleshy ; stone hard, almost 2-celled by a vertical plate
from the top of the horse-shoe shaped cell. Seed pendulous, curved round the

Campnosjperma.'] xlvl anacardiace^j. (J. J). Hooker.) 41

imperfect septum ; cotyledons curved, flattish ; radicle short superior. — A genus
of 6 species, of -which one is a native of Madagascar, and another of the
Seychelles.

1. C. zeylanicum, Thivaites in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. vi. 65, t. i. A ;

JEnum. 78 ; leaves glabrous above dotted beneath finely reticulate, racemes short
stout glabrous.

Ceylox; Saffragan and Ambamagowa districts, generally on river banks.
Thwaites.

A ramous tree, 30-40 ft. ; branchlets stout, terete, youngest parts minutely scaly.
Leaves 3-7 by 2-2£ in., elliptic-obovate or oblanceolate or obovate, obtuse, base decur-
rent on the petiole, thickly coriaceous, smooth and beautifully reticulated on both
surfaces, the numerous spreading nerves hardly more distinct than the reticulations,
pale brown when dry, covered beneath with minute dot-like scales ; midrib prominent
beneath ; petiole stout ^-f in. Raceme usually shorter than the leaves, rachis stout.
Flowers jj in. diam. Drupe nearly globose, 3—^ in. diam, purple.

2. C. macrophylla, Hook. f. ; leaves obovate-oblong or obcuneate tip
rounded puberulous beneath, reticulations obscure, nerves close-set 20-35 pairs,
racemes furfuraceously-pubescent. Buchanania macrophylla, Blume Mus. Bot.
i. 185 j Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 637.

Malacca, Griffith. Sincapore ; Schomburgk, &c. — Distrib. Sumatra, Borneo.

A small tree ; branchlets pubescent, as thick as the finger. Leaves full grown,
8-14 by 3^-6| in., thickly coriaceous, shining above, and scarcely reticulate beneath,
clothed with a very fine rusty down ; nerves nearly straight, strong, transverse,
venules obscure ; petiole 1-3 in., very stout, winged, channelled above, pubescent all
Over. Panicles slender, very variable in length, sometimes 1 ft., lateral branches
short or long. Flowers very minute, in clusters along the rachis and branches,
globose, Jo in- diam., tetramerous. Sepals rounded, pubescent. Petals orbicular-
ovate, obtuse, erect. Filaments shortly subulate. Drupe |— f in., subacute, com-
pressed, nearly orbicular ; stone crustaceous, 3-4-celled.

3. C. G-riffithii, Marchand Rev. Anacard. 174 ; leaves obovate-oblong or
obcuneate, tip rounded perfectly glabrous reticulate on both surfaces, nerves
14-18 pairs, racemes furfuraceously pubescent. Semecarpus ? grandifolia, Wall.
Cat. 985.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay ; Penang, Porter.

A tall shrubby tree, Wallich. Very similar in foliage to C. macrophylla, but the
leaves are less thick, perfectly glabrous and reticulate on both surfaces, the nerves
fewer and more distant, the petioles longer (2-3 in.) and winged to the base, and the
panicles are more slender. — Griffith (MSS.) describes the flowers ask5-merous, but I
find them to be 4-merous.

4. C. auriculata, Hook. f. ; leaves obovate-spathulate auricled at the
very base tip rounded quite glabrous reticulated on both surfaces, nerves 12-18
pair, panicles pubescent very slender. Buchanania auriculata, Blume Mm.
Bot. i. 185 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 637.

Sixcapore, Maingay, T. Anderson. — Distrib. Sumatra, Borneo.

Leaves of the same character as those of C. Griffithii but smaller, 6-9 by 2-3 in.,
coriaceous, very gradually narrowed downwards into the petiole, which is |-1 in., the
auricles quite small, beautifully reticulate on both surfaces, as in C. zeylanica, nerves
arched, very slender. Panicle as in P. grandifolia, but less pubescent. Flowers
similar, 4-merous.

42 xlvi. anacaediacej]. (J. D. Hooker.) [Spondias.

20. SPONDXAS, Linn.

Deciduous glabrous trees. Leaves usually crowded at the tips of the
"branches, alternate, odd-pinnate ; leaflets sub-opposite, usually caudate-acumi-
nate. Panicles terminal, spreading. Flowers small, polygamous. Calyx small,
4-5-fid, deciduous, lobes slightly imbricate. Petals 4-5, spreading, subvalvate.
Disk cupular, broad, crenate. Stamens 8-10, inserted beneath the disk. Ovary
sessile, free, 4^5-celled ; styles 4-5, conniving ; ovules solitary, pendulous in
the cells. Drupe fleshy ; stone hard, thick, 1-5-celled, the cells erect or
diverging and opening by canals through the top of the stone. Seeds pendulous,
testa membranous ; embryo straight, cotyledons' elongate plano-convex, radicle
short superior. — Distrib. About 8 species all tropical.

Spondias dttlcis, Willd. ; Eoxb. Fl. hid. ii. 452 ; Wall. Cat. 8477 A. ; with
crenate longer leaflets, is a South-Sea Island plant, introduced into India, and called
' Hog-plum' and ' Otaheite Apple.' — Wall. Cat. 8477 B. from the Calcutta gardens is
in part S. lutea, L., the Hog-plum of the West Indies.

Spondias?; Wall. Cat. 8479, from Hurdwar appears to be Rhus succedanea,
Linn. •

1. S. mangifera, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 75; leaflets 4r-6 pairs 2-9 in.
oblong acuminate quite entire, panicle 1-2 ft., drupe ovoid, stone rough and
fibrous. Eoxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 451 ; W. cy A. Prodr. 173 ; Wt. HI. i. 186, t. 76 ;
Wall. Cat. 8476 ; Bedd, Fl. Sylv. t. 169 : Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Flor. Suppl. 19 ;
Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 42 ; Brand. For. Flo?\ 128. S. amara, Lamk. ; Ham. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 531. Evia amara, Comm. ; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 234 ;
Thwaites Fnum. 78. Mangifera pinnata, Koen. (not Lamk.). — Rheede Hort.
Mai. i. t. 50.

Throughout India from the Indus eastwards and southwards to Malacca and
Ceylon, ascending to 5000 ft. in the Himalaya. Wild and cultivated. — Distrib.
Tropical Asia.

A small tree, everywhere glabrous. Leaves 1-1 ^ ft. ; petiole slender; leaflets 2-9
by 1-4 in., shortly petiolulate, shining, more or less oblique ; nerves 10-30 on each
side, horizontal, joined by a strong intra-marginal one. Panicles large, spreading,
sparingly branched. Flowers \ in. cliam., scattered, uni- or bisexual. Calyx 5-toothed.
Petals oblong, greenish- white. Bisk broad, 10-toothed. Filaments short, subulate.
Brupe 1^-2 in. long, yellow, smooth; flesh very austere; stone cavernous, usually
with 1 (1-3) perfect seed. — The ' Amra' of the Hindoos, and the Hog-plum of many
Europeans. ,

2. S. acuminata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 453; leaflets 5-8 pair l£-3 in.
elliptic caudate-acuminate quite entire or obscurely crenulate, panicle 6-8 in.,
drupe ovoid-globose, stone smooth fibrous. Grah. Cat. Bomb. PL 42 ; W. fy A.
Prodr. 173; Wall. Cat. 8478.

Western Peninsula ; Malabar, Heyne, Roxburgh ; in the Concan hills, near
Kennery caves, Graham; Canara, Ritchie.

An elegant middling sized tree (Eoxb.), apparently differing from S. mangifera
chiefly in the smaller leaves with longer points, the very short panicle, and smooth
stone (if I am right in referring a fruiting plant in Wight's Herbarium to this
species). — In Wallich's Herbarium, specimens of Odina Wodier are mixed with this.

3. S. axillaris, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 453 ; leaflets 6-8-pairs ovate-lanceolate
acuminate serrate, drupe ovoid-oblong, stone smooth.

Nipal, Roxburgh.

A small Melia-looking tree. Leaves 1 ft. ; petiole slender ; leaflets shortly petio-

Spondias.'] xlvi. anacardiace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 43

lulate, 3-4 in., pale beneath, not abruptly acuminate as in S.\ mangifera and
acuminata ; nerves free, arching. Flowers solitary or subsolitary on the branches,
long pedicelled, £ in. diam., white. Calyx lobes acute. Petals elliptic, subacute.
Filaments short, subulate. Disk annular, 10-lobed. Ovary 5-celled with 5 short
erect styles. Drupe 1| in. lbng, rounded at the top, yellow. Stone 5-celled, quite
small. — I know this plant only through Roxburgh's description and excellent drawing,
which represents a true Spondias in the structure of flower, fruit and embryo ; but
the arched-nerved leaves which he describes as ' gash-serrate' but figures as obtusely
serrate), and the subsolitary flowers on the branches with peduncles f in. long, are
quite, unlike any Spondias I know.

4. S. 1 macropliylla, Wall. Cat. 8480 ; leaflets 3-4-pair 6-9 in. elliptic
acuminate.

Bimia, at Taong-dong, Wallich.

This, of which there are only mutilated leaves and fragments of a panicle without
flower or fruit, in Wallich's Herbarium, may be only S. 7nangifera.

21. DEACONTOMELUM, Blume.

Trees. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate ; leaflets opposite or alternate, quite en-
tire. Panicles axillary and subterminal. Flowers small, pale, hermaphrodite.
Calyx 5-partite, segments conniving, imbricate. Petals 5, suberect, subvalvate.
Disk cup-shaped, crenulate. Stamens 10, inserted at the base of the disk. Ovary
sessile, 5-celled ; styles 5, thick, erect (like ovaries), connate by their obtuse, stig-
matiferous tips ; ovules solitary and pendulous in the cells. Drupe globoseT
fleshy, tubercled above the middle by the style-bases ; stone hard, cfepressed, 2-5-
celled ; cells diverging, opening by canals through the top of the stone. Seeds
compressed, pendulous, testa membranous ; cotyledons plano-convex, radicle
short superior centrifugal. — Disteib. 5 species natives of tropica^Asia and the
Pacific.

1. D. mangiferum, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 231, t. 42 ; leaflets 5-8 pairs
opposite and alternate oblong-lanceolate acuminate, panicle much branched pu-
bescent or tomentose. Poupartia mangifera, Blume Bijd. 1160 (excl. synon.).
P. pinnata Blanco Flor. Filipp. 393.

Eastern Peninsula, South Andaman Islands, Kurz ; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay;
Penang, Maingay. — Distrib. Eastward to the Philippines and Fiji Islands, native
and cultivated.

A large tree. Leaves 1-1 J ft. ; petiole cylindric, glabrous or pubescent; leaflets
petiolulate, 5-7 by 1^-2^ in., usually rather falcate and oblique at the rounded or cor-
date base, gradually narrowed to the subacute apex, glabrous above, beneath glabrous
puberulous or with tufts of hair in the nerve axils; nerves 10-12 pair, arched, reticu-
lations close small ; petiolule § in. Panicle equalling or exceeding the leaves, pubes-
cent or tomentose ; pedicels slender, ebracteate. Flowers campanulate, J-| in. diam.,
greenish white. Sepals pubescent or tomentose. Petals longer, recurved. Fila-
ments slender. Drupe 1 in. diam., depressed. — A variable plant in pubescence, of
which I think D. sylvestre, Blume, and D.puberulum, Miq. are varieties.

Var. 1. Leaflets nearly glabrous beneath with occasional tufts of hair in the
nerve axils. — Andaman and Malacca.

Var. 2. Leaflets and petiole pubescent beneath. — Malacca.

Var. 3. Leaflets glabrous beneath, panicles and flowers rusty-tomentose. —
Penang.

44s xlvi. anacardiace^j. (J. D. Hooker.) [Rumphia.

DOTIBTFUL GENUS.

22. RUMPHIA, Linn.

A very large tree. Leaves alternate, petioled, sihiple, broadly ovate-cordate,
toothed, rough, aromatic. Racemes axillary. Flowers bitter. Calyx tubular,
3-fid. Petals 3, oblong. Stamens 3, exserted. Ovary subtrigonous ; style
simple. Drupe coriaceous, turbinate, 3-grooved ; stone 3-celled, 3-seeded.

1. R. tilisefolia, Lamk. Diet. vi. 352; III. t. 25; DC. Prodr. ii. 90.
E,. amboinensis, Linn. Sp. PI. 49. — Rheede Hort. Mai. iv. 1. 11.

Malaba.k ; stony sandy mountain woods in Parakaroo and elsewhere, Bheede.

Avery large tree ; bark red within, aromatic. Leaves 4-5 by 2£-3£ in., aromatic,
5-nerved at the base ; petiole 1-1£ in. Racemes axillary and terminal, shorter than
the leaves, woolly. Flowers £ in. dianv inodorous. Drupe 1 in. long, obovoid ob-
tusely 3-lobed, rough and setose, flesh bitter ; stone triquetrous, 3-celled.

Of this remarkable plant nothing is known except from the plate and description
of Rheede. I follow the majority of authors in placing it at the end of Terebint/uccece,
with which, however, I suspect it has nothing to do. Jussieu (Gen. PI. 370) suggests
that it may be more allied to Sapindacece. To me it looks more like a Euphorbiaceous
or Verbenaceous plant.

Wallich's Terebinthacea ? No. 8501, ex Herb. Wight, is a mixture of Garuga
pinnata fruits with the leaves and immature fruit of another plant that I do not
recognise and which is in a most imperfect state.

Order XLVIL— CORIARIE2E. (By J. D. Hooker.)

Usually glabrous shrubs, with 4-angled sarmentose branches, the lower op-
posite ; buds scaly. Leaves opposite, rarely 3-nateiy whorled, quite entire,
sessile, exstipulate. Racemes axillary. Flowers small, green, hermaphrodite or
polygamous. Sepals 5, spreading, imbricate, persistent. Petals smaller than the
sepals, fleshy, keeled within, thickened after flowering and embracing the fruit.
Stamens 10, hypogynous, free or the alternate adnate to the petals, filaments
short; anthers large, oblong, rough. Disk 0. Carpels 5-10, free, 1-celled,
whorled on a fleshy receptacle ; styles slender, subulate, fleshy, papillose all over ;
ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous from the top. Fruit of 5 or 10 oblong com-
pressed dry little nuts, closely embraced by the fleshy petals, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
Seed compressed, testa membranous, albumen a thin layer ; cotyledons plano-
convex, radicle superior. — Distrib. 3-5 species natives of S. Europe, N. Africa,
Japan, the Himalaya, New Zealand, and the Andes.

An order of doubtful affinity, perhaps nearest Phytolaccca, which should in this
work have been placed in Thalamiflorce.

C ORE ARIA, Linn.

Character of the order.

1. C. nepalensis, Wall. PI. As. Rar. iii. t. 289; Cat. 6817; leaves
ovate or elliptic 3-7 nerved, stamens 10, carpels 5. Brandts For. Flor. 128.

Temperate and Subtropical Himalaya, from Marri alt. 3-6000 to Bhotan ;
ascending to 11,000 ft. in Sikkim. — Distrib. Yunan.

A shrub with arched branches, glabrous or puberulous on the leaves beneath and
racemes. Leaves 1-2 by $-1$ in., usually broadly rounded -cordate and abruptly acu-

Moringa.'] xlyiii. moringe^:. (J. D. Hooker.) 45

inmate, rarely ovate-oblong or elliptic and acute or acuminate, minutely serrulate.
Racemes axillary or in the forks, solitary or clustered, 2-6 in. long, rachis glabrous
or pubescent; bracteoles oblong, concave, deciduous. Flowers about \ in. diam. Fruit
\-\ in. diam., black.

Order XLVIII.— lyiORINOEJE. (By J. D. Hooker.)

Deciduous trees -with soft wood. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate or 2-3-pin-
nate ; leaflets opposite, quite entire, caducous as well as the pinnules, glandular
at the base. Panicles axillary. Flowers irregular, bisexual. Calyx cup-
shaped, 5-cleft ; segments unequal, petaloid, deciduous from above the base, im-
bricate. Petals 5, unequal, upper smaller, lateral ascending, anterior larger.
Stamens inserted on the edge of the disk, declinate, 5 perfect opposite the petals
alternating with 5 (or 7) which are reduced to antherless filaments ; anthers
dorsifixed, 1-celled. Disk lining the calyx-tube. Ovary stipitate, 1-celled ;
style slender, tubular, stigma perforated ; ovules numerous, in 2 series, on 3 pa-
rietal placentas. Capsule elongate, beaked, 3-6-angled, 1-celled, loculicidally
3-valved, corky and pitted within. Seeds many, in pits of the valves, testa
corky winged or not, albumen 0; embryo straight, cotyledons plano-convex,
radicle very sbort superior, plumule many-leaved — Distrib. 3 species, natives of
Western Asia and N. Africa.

A natural order of very doubtful affinity, which has been referred to near BesedacecB,
Capparidecs, Mclianthea, Violaricce, Polygalece, Leguminosce, Bigncniaccce, and others.

MOBZNGA, Lamk.

Character of the order.

1. M. pteryg-osperma, Gccrtn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 478 ; leaflets elliptic
ovate or obovate, nerves obscure, flowers white, capsule 9-ribbed, seeds winged.
W. 8? A. Prodr. 178 ; Wiqht III. i. 186, t. 77 ; Bedd, Flor. Sylvat. t. 80 ; Dalz. #
Gibs. Bomb.Fl. 314 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 43 ; Brand, For. Fl. 129; Wall. Cat.
5814. M. oleifera, Lamk. Encycl. i. 398. M. zeylanica, Pers. M. polygona,
DC. Prodr.ii. 478. Hyperanthera Moringa, Vahl.; Boxb. Fl. Ind, ii. 368;
Griff. Notul. iv. 572, t. 609. II. decandra, Willd, Guilandina Moringa, Linn.
— Pheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 11.

Forests of Western Himalaya and Otjdh, and cultivated elsewhere throughout
India. — Distrib. Cultivated in various tropical countries.

A small tree, bark corky, wood soft, root pungent; young parts tomentose.
Lea res 1-2 ft., iisually 3-pinnate ; petiole slender, sheathing at the base; pinnae 4-6
pairs ; leaflets 6-9 pairs, ^-f in., opposite, pale beneath ; petiohiles slender ; glands
linear, hairy. Panicles spreading, bracts linear. Flowers pedicelled, 1 in. diam., honey-
scented. Sepals linear-lanceolate, reflexed. Petals narrowly spathulate. Fertile
filaments villous at the base. Ovary hairy. Pod 9-18 in., pendulous, 9-ribbed.
Seeds 3-gonous, winged at the angles. — The Hoi • - ./Ush^tree.

2. BX. concanensis, Kimmo in Grah. Cat. Bomb. PL 43 ; leaflets 1-
1£ in. broadlv elliptic or orbicular, nerves 4-6 pair distinct. Dalz. $• Gibs,
Bomb. Flor. 311 • Brandis For. Flor. 130.

Kajputana, on dry hills ; Sindh and the Coxcax.

A tree, very similar to M. pterygosperma, but the leaves are much larger as arc
the leaflets, which are often retuse at the tip; the petals are yellowish streaked with,
pink. Seeds * in. long, very broadly trigonous with membranous wings. This may
possibly be the red-flowered species alluded to by Koxburgh(Fl. Ind. ii. 368) as occur-
ring near JVIaldah.

46 xlix. connarace^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Agelcea.

Order XLIX. CONNARACES!. (By J. D. Hooker.)

Erect or climbing shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate,, exstipulate, 1-3-folio-
late or odd-pinnate ; leaflets quite entire. Flowers racemed or panicled, regular
or subregular, usually bisexual. Calyx 5-lobed or -partite, usually persistent,
imbricate or valvate. Petals 5, usually narrow, free or slightly cohering, very
rarely valvate. Stamens perigynous or hypogynous, sometimes declinate, 5 or
10, those opposite the petals often shorter and imperfect ; filaments frequently
connate at the base. Dish 0, or small annular or incomplete. Carpels 5, rarely
1-3 or 6-7, globose, hirsute, 1-celled ; styles subulate or filiform, stigmas
capitellate simple or 2-lobed ; ovules 2, collateral, ascending, orthotropous.
Fruit usually of 1 rarely 2-3 sessile or stalked 1- rarely 2-seeded follicles.
Seed erect, arillate or not, testa thick sometimes arilliform below the middle,
aril various ; cotyledons fleshy in the exalbuminous, leafy in the albuminous
seeds, radicle superior, rarely ventral. — Distrib. 12 genera, all tropical.

The following Wallichian species of this order are to be rejected.

Connaracea, Wall. Cat. 8538, B. is an undeterminable apparently Connaraceous
plant.

Connaracea ? Wall. Cat. 8534, is Dialium platysepalum, Baker.
Connaracea ? Wall. Cat. 8550, is Cupania glabrata, Kurz.

Connaracea ? Wall. Cat. 8553, -consists of the foliage of a Willoughbeia and
fruit of a Connarus.

Tribe I. Gonnareae. Calyx imbricate. Seeds exalbuminous.

Cafyx not clasping the base of the capsule. Seeds exarillate . 1. Ageljea.

•Calyx accrescent, clasping the base of the sessile capsule.

Seeds arillate 2. Rourea.

-Calyx slightly accrescent, not clasping the base of the sessile

capsule. Seeds exarillate 3. Roureopsis.

Calyx not accrescent, clasping the pedicel of the stipitate cap-
sule. Seeds arillate 4. Connarcjs.

Tribe II. Cnestideae. Calyx valvate. Seeds albuminous or exalbu-
minous.

Calyx 5-partite, exceeding the petals. Carpels 5, sessile. Cap-
sule hispid within. Seeds albuminous . 5. Cnestis.

Calyx 5-partite, revolute. Petals narrow. Carpels 5. Seeds ex-
albuminous 6. Tjeniochxjexa.

Calyx 5-partite, erect. Petals oblong. Stamens 5, perfect.

Carpel 1. Seeds exalbuminous 7. Ellipanthus.

1. AGELffiA, Soland.

Erect or scandent shrubs. Leaves 3-foliolate. Panicles or racemes axillary.
Calyx 5-partite, not accrescent nor embracing the fruit, imbricate or subvalvate.
Petals lanceolate or ligulate, obtuse, free or connate at the middle. Stamens 5
or 10. Dish ^-annular or 0. Carpels 3-5. Capsules 1-2, sessile or shortly
stalked, coriaceous, rugose or lamellate. Seed erect, exalbuminous; testa
arilliform below the middle. — Distrib. 9 species, African and Asiatic.

1. A. vestita, Hooh.f. ; branches leaves beneath and inflorescence densely
tomentose, leaflets elliptic obtusely caudate-acuminate, stamens 5, styles 5 very

Agelcea.~\ xlix. conxaeace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 47

slender. Cnestis vestita, Wall, in Herb. Linn. Soc. Connaracea, Wall. Cat.
8535. Hemiandrina borneensis, Hook. f. in. Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 171, t. 28.
Troostwyckia singularis, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 531. (See Kurz in Journ.
As. Soc. Beng. 1870, pt. ii. 76.)

Eastern Peninsula, Sincapore, Jack ; Penang, Porter ; Malacca, Griffith,
Maingay. — Distrib. Borneo.

Densely clothed with fulvous hairs. Leaflets 3-6 by l$-2£ in., lateral, subsessile,
terminal petiolulate ; nerves beneath very stout, strongly reticulate. Bacemes 1 in.,
slender, hirsute. Flowers \ in. cliam. Capside § in. long, ovoid with a curved beak,
strongly tuberculate or sublamellate, densely tomentose. Seed obovoid ; testa thin,
arilliform towards the base.

2. A . Wallichii, Hook. f. ; branches and leaves quite glabrous, leaflets
ovate-oblong or oblong obtusely-pointed, base rounded or cordate, stamens 10,
styles 5 very short. Connaracea, Wall. Cat. 8544.

Eastern Peninsula ; Sincapore, Wallich ; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.

Branches and petioles slender. Leaflets 4-6 by 1|— 2% in., coriaceous, lateral
shortly terminal long-petiolulate ; nerves strong beneath. Bacemes \-\ in., densely
pubescent. Flowers \ in. diam. Stamens and carpels stout. Capsule %- § in. long,
obtusely beaked, tubercled, rusty tomentose. Seed oblong, testa thin.

2. RO UREA, Aubl.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets subopposite or alternate.
Panicles axillary. Flowers small ; pedicels usually slender. Sepals 5, orbicular,
imbricate, enlarged and clasping the base of the ripe capsule. Petals 5, usually
linear-oblong. Stamens 10 ; filaments connate at the base. Ovaries 5, 4 usually
imperfect ; style slender. Capsule sessile, curved. Seed erect, arillate^ exalbu-
minous. — Distrib. Tropics ; species about 50.

* Leaflets few, 1-6-pairs, petiolulate, glabrous.

1. R. santaloides, W. $ A. Prodr. 144 ; quite glabrous, leaflets 2-4-
pair 2-4 in. polished reticulated, elliptic or ovate, caudate-acimiinate shining,
principal nerves indistinct, base usually rounded, sepals orbicular not ciliate,
ovaries glabrous. Planch, in Linncea, xxiii. 418 ; Dak. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 53.
Connarus santaloides, Vahl Symb. iii. 87 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 85. 0. monocarpus,
W. ty A. Prodr. 143 (not of Linn.). Connaracea, Wall. Cat. 8532. — Burm.
Thes. Zeyl. t. 89.

Western Peninsulas ; from the Concan to Travancor. Ceylon.

Leaflets 1^-3 by 1-1 £ in., coriaceous, sometimes acute at the base ; nerves rarely
distinct from the reticulations of the leaflet and usually spreading horizontally from
the midrib, but this is a very uncertain character. Bacemes terminal and axillary,
2-4 in., simple or compound, slender ; pedicels slender, \ in. ; bracts small. Flowers
^— £ in. diam. Petals twice as long as the linear-oblong sepals. Capsule falcate,
5-1 in., obtuse, apiculate or pointed.

2. R. coramutata, Planch, in Linncea, xxiii. 420 ; quite glabrous, leaflets
2-4-pairs 3-6 in. ovate elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate shining,
principal nerves usually very distinct beneath, lower pair long ascending, base
usually acute, sepals orbicular not ciliate, ovaries glabrous. Cnestis monadelpha,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 454. Connaracea ? Wall. Cat. 8549 (no Jl. or fruit.). Con-
naracea, Wall. Cat. 8547, 8548.

Assam, Silhet, Chittagong, Birma and southwards to Tenasserim. — Distrib.
China.

So similar in most .respects to B. santaloides that I scarcely doubt its being an
eastern form of that plant, distinguished by the nervation of the leaflets, which are

48 xlix. coNNAEACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Eourea.

more usually acute at the base. Some Tavoy specimens are, however, almost inter-
mediate.

3. It. caudata, Planch, in Linneca, xxiii. 419 ; quite glabrous, leaflets 3-5
pairs elliptic-ovate with long caudate-acuminate obtuse points not shining, petiole
very slender, sepals ciliolate, petals oblong obtuse.

Assam, Jenkins; Khasia Mts., alt. 1-4000 ft., Griffith, H.f. $ T.

Very similar to B. sa?italoides, but much smaller in all its parts and more slender,
with more membranous leaflets 2-2^ in., of which the points are ^-% as long as the
blade, finely reticulate, not shining. Racemes or panicles 1-2 in. Flowers ^ in.
diam. Capsule f-1 in., slightly curved, broader upwards. Petals not much exceeding
the sepals. Ovaries glabrous, style short.

4. SI. pulcbella, Planch, in Linneca, xxiii. 419 ; quite glabrous, leaflets
1-3-pair 1-1^ in. ovate-lanceolate obtusely caudate-acuminate shining, sepals
suborbicular ciliolate.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
. A smaller leaved plant than B. caudata with more coriaceous leaflets, which are
dark chestnut-brown when dry, and have slender petiolules ^ in. long ; they are
uniformly reticulated on both surfaces -without obvious principal nerves. Panicles
very slender, often exceeding the leaves ; pedicels \ in., capillary. Flowers \ in.
diam. Petals twice as long as the sepals, linear-oblong, connate, just above the base.
Ovaries 5, pilose ; styles very slender: Capsule % in., stout, curved, pointed.

5. Xt. acuminata, Hook. f. ; quite glabrous, leaflets 3-4 pair elliptic or
elliptic-oblong abruptly caudate-acuminate finely reticulate on both surfaces
shining above subglaucous beneath, petiole very slender. Cnestis acuminata,
Wall. Cat. 8533 (Connaracea).

Sincapore, Wallich.

Branches slender. Leaves 2^-6 in. ; petiole quite glabrous, petiolules very short ;
leaflets l£-3 by §-l£ in., thinly coriaceous, brown when dry ; base rounded. Capsule
£ in. — The specimens are very imperfect.

** Leaflets very numerous, small, l|-2^ in., sessile, oblong.

t Leaflets very puhesccnt beneath.

G. XI. rug'osa, Planch, in Linneca, xxiii. 422 ; branches petioles leaves
beneath and inflorescence softly pubescent, leaflets 6-9-pairs l^-2£ in. oblong
obtusely acuminate, base cordate, panicles stout, pedicels shorter than the calyx.
Oonnarus ? rugosus, Wall. Cat. 8527, Connaracea.

Eastern Peninsula; Sincapore, Wallich. Penang, Porter. Malacca, Griffith,
Maingay.

Branches stout, velvety. Leaves 1 ft. ; petiole stout. Leaflets shining above,
reticulate on both surfaces. Panicles shorter than the leaves. Flowers £ in. diam.,
rosy. Sepals orbicular, pubescent. Petals twice as long, pilose on the back. Capsidcs
£-f in., pointed.

7. Xt. villosa, Planch, in Linneca, xxiii. 422 ; branches petioles and in-
florescence softly pubescent, leaflets 12-20 pairs f in. oblong rounded at the tip
pilose beneath, panicles slender, pedicels equalling the calyx.

Tenasserim, at Mergui, Griffith, Heifer.— Distrib. Sumatra.

Branches rather stout, velvety. Leaves 3-8 in.; petiole slender; leaflets faintly
reticulate and polished above, base oblique subcordate. Panicles shorter than the leaves,
clothed with dense spreading soft hairs. Flowers £ in. diam. Sepals orbicular,
scarcely pilose. Petals glabrous, linear-oblong, twice or thrice as long as the calyx.
Capsule 5 in., curved.

Bourea.] xlix. connaraceje. (J. D. Hooker.) 49

8. It. fulg*ens, Planch, in Linncea, xxiii. 423 ; branches petioles leaves
beneath and panicles densely shortly pubescent, leaflets 12-20 pairs in. linear-
oblong rounded at the tip base oblique, racemes strict contracted. Oonnarus
fulgens, (Connaracea ?) Wall. Cat. 8524.

Sincapore, Wallich, Maingay.

Pubescence, rusty when dry. Leaves 3-5 in., petiole rather stout ; leaflets slightly
dilated or contracted at the base, opaque, reticulation very obscure. Racemes (very con-
tracted panicles) axillary, strict, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels very short indeed.
Flowers not seen. Capsule f in., much curved, obtuse. — I do not see why Wallich
proposed the trivial name of fulgens for this ; in its dry state it is a remarkably lurid
plant.

ft Leaflets glabrous beneath or nearly so.

9. R. stenopetala, Hookf. ; petiole and midrib of leaflets beneath pubes-
cent, leaflets 6-10 pairs §— 1 in. obliquely ovate or obovate 2-lobed at the tip,
racemes very short, pedicels slender. Onestis steriopetala (misprint for stenope-
tala), Griff. Notul. iv. 433, t. 611,/. 2, Kourea No. 23 indescripta, Planch, -in
Linncea, xxiii. 421.

Tenassereh, at Mergui, Griffith.

Branches glabrous, branchlets pubescent. Leaves 2-4 in. ; petiole slender ;
leaflets contracted cordate and very oblique at the base, shining above and below,
nerves and reticulations obscure. Racemes apparently almost reduced to fascicles;
bracts ovate, ferruginous. Sepals lanceolate, acute, spreading, imbricate, pubescent at
the tip. Petals linear, very narrow, 2\ times longer than the sepals. Ovaries pilose. —
The flowers are described from Griffiths' Notulse ; the spreading calyx is anomalous
in the genus.

10. 3&. Wallichiana, Planch, in Linncea, xxiii. 421 ; petioles and panicles
pubescent, leaflets 15-30 pairs £-f in. linear-oblong rounded at the tip glabrous
on both surfaces, racemes slender, pedicels equalling or exceeding the calyx,
flowers ^ in. diam. Connaracea, Wall. Cat. 8525. Oonnarus mimosoides, Vahl ?
Wall. Cat. 8526 D.

Tenasserim and Martaban ; Amherst, Wallich ; Tavoy, Gomez ; Moulmein,
Falconer.

Leaves 6-10 in. ; leaflets very uniform, always obtuse, base rounded or subcordate,
upper surface dark brown hardly shining, lower chocolate brown opaque; nerves faint.
Racemes slender, much shorter than the leaves, villous, paniculal^ at the base, pedicels
very slender, exceeding the calyx. Sepals orbicular, ciliate. Petals \'m. long, linear,
glabrous. Capsule |-§ in. long, curved. — A specimen of this is mixed with Wallich's
8526 B.

11. XI. concolor, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 264 ; petioles and racemes pubes-
cent, leaflets 15-20 pairs | in. oblong rounded or retuse at the tip glabrous on
both surfaces, racemes slender, pedicels about equalling the calyx, flowers £-£ in.
diam. R. parvifolia, Planch, in Linncea, xxiii. 420. Oonnarus mimosoides, Vahl ?
Wall. Cat. 8526 A.B. ? C. mimosoides, Jack in Mai. Misc. 2, vii. 44.

Singapore, Prince ; Malacca, Griffith. — Dist. Borneo.

Branchlets finely pubescent. Leaves 2-6 in. ; petiole slender ; leaflets cordate at
the base, shining above, chocolate-brown and minutely reticulated beneath. Racemes
equalling or exceeding the leaves. Flowers the smallest of the Indian species; Sepals
orbicular. Petals twice as long, linear-oblong. Capsules %-% in., pointed. — There is a
"Wallichian specimen in Herb. Benth. under Wall. Cat. 8526 B. with the leaves
Bhining beneath.

12. R. similis, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 264 ; petioles and racemes pubescent,
leaflets 8-12 pairs linear-oblong 2-lobed at the tip shining above, very sparsely

VOL. 11. E

50 xlix. CONNABACEJE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Eourea.

pubescent or glabrate beneath, racemes slender, pedicels equalling the calyx. R.
sororia and R,. parallela, Planch, in Linncea, xxiii. 421 ; Oonnarus mimosoides
Vahl. ? Wall. Cat 8526 0.

Eastern Peninsula, Penang, Porter; Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra,
Borneo.

Branchlets pubescent, Leaves 3-6 in. ; petiole slender ; leaflets cordate at the base,
usually shining above with raised nerves, or with the nerves obsolete, subglaucous be-
neath. Racemes shorter than the leaves. Flowers g- in. diam. Sepals broadly oblong,
very pubescent. Petals twice as long. Capsule f in., much curved.

3. ROUREOPSZS, Planch.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves odd-pinnate, leaflets few. Flowers in axillary
panicles, pedicels slender. Sepals oblong, slightly imbricate, somewhat en-
larged and spreading, but not clasping the base of the capsule. Petals linear-
oblong. Stamens 10, the alternate longer. Ovaries 5 ; styles slender. Capsule
linear-oblong, recurved. Seed ovoid, testa thin black arilliform at the base;
cotyledons amygdaloid. — Distrib. Species 2, a Javanese and Indian.

This genus, which (Gen. PL i. 432) when the fruit was unknown I united with
Rourea, proves to be exarillate, and I therefore restore it.

1. R. pubinervis, Planch, in Linncea, xxiii. 424; branchlets petioles and
nerves beneath finely pubescent, leaflets 3-pairs ovate or elliptic with a con-
tracted notched tip. Indeterminata, Wall. Cat. 9050.

Eastern Peninsula, Penang, Porter ; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.

Leaves 4-8 in. ; petioles slender; leaflets, 2-4 in., alternate, petiolulate, base acute ;
nerves distinct, arched. Panicles or racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves, nearly
glabrous ; pedicels £ in. Flowers § in. diam. Sepals nerved, glabrous, very obtuse.
Petals strap-shaped, three times as long. Ovaries pubescent. Capsule 1 in., nearly
Btraight.

4. CONNAEUS, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves odd-pinnate ; leaflets 5, rarely 3 or more, quite
entire. Panicles axillary and terminal, branched. Flotoers small. Sepals 5,
deciduous or persistant and clasping the pedicel of the capsule, not accrescent,
imbricate. Petals 5, linear or ligulate and slightly dilated upwards. Stamens
10, 5 shorter and sometimes without anthers. Ovaries 5, densely pubescent, 4
usually imperfect or obsolete, the fifth with a slender style, stigma capitellate.
Capsule oblique, stipitate, inflated, broader upwards ; valves glabrous or pubes-
cent within. Seeds arillate, testa shining, albumen 0 ; cotyledons amygdaloid.
— Disteib. Species about 55, all tropical.

The structure of the flowers is remarkably uniform in all the Indian species which
are with difficulty distinguished.

* Valves of the capsule quite glabrous within. Leaves quite glabrous
beneath in all. Natives of the Western Peninsula,

1. C. monocarpus, Linn. ; W. fy A. Prodr. 143 ; leaflets elliptic or
elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminate, nerves 3-5 pairs, very slender, filaments
glabrous, capsule 1^-2 in. narrow turgid contracted into the stalk, not veined
nor shining. Planch, in Linncea, xxiii. 425. 0. asiaticus, Willd. Sp. PL iii. 692.
0. pinnatus, Lamk. Encycl. ii. 95 ; III. t. 572 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 143 ; Orah. Cat.
Bomb. PI. 35 ; Dak. § Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 53. Omphalobium pinnatum, DC.

Connarus.'] xlix. connarace.e. (J. D. Hooker.) 51

Prodr. ii. 86. 0. indicum, Gartn. Fruct. i. 217, t. 46, fig. 3 ; DC. I. c. 85.
Connaracea, Wall. Cat. 8539, excl. ~D.—Rheede, Hort. Mai. vi. t. 24 ? vii. t. 26.

Western Peninsula, from the Concan to Travancor. Ceylon, abundant.

Leaflets 3-4 by 1^— If in., glossy above, reticulations faint, quite glabrous,
Panicles densely pubescent. Flowers \ in. long. Sepals ovate-oblong, subacute,
pubescent. Petals twice as long, slightly pubescent on the back. Longer filaments
three times as long as the shorter, all antheriferous. Capsule dark-coloured, rounded
at both sutures, dehiscing tardily, contracted but neither acute nor apiculate at the
tip. Testa black, shining. Very near the C. oligophyllus of Penang, but the capsule
is quite glabrous within. —I think there can be no doubt that this, which is clearly
Lamarck's C. pinnatus, is also Linnaeus' s C. monocarpus, which being one of the
commonest plants in Ceylon, cannot have escaped Burmann's notice. Wight & Arnott
describe it as having a sessile capsule, no doubt from Kheede's figure, which, if it
belongs to this plant, is a very bad one, also as having a glabrous calyx, which is not
the case.

2. C. Wiglltii, Hook. f. ; leaves elliptic-ovate obtusely pointed, nerves
5-6 on each side arched slender, capsules l£ by £ in. compressed, base narrowed
into the stalk shining hardly pointed. Bourea? sclerocarpa, W. 8f A. in
Wight Cat. 934. (See note under Pongamia, W. $ A. Prodr. 262.)

Western Peninsula, Wight ; the Concan, Stocks.

Leaflets 3—3^ by 1^—1 1 in., coriaceous, hardly shining, finely reticulated, quite
glabrous. Capsules pale chestnut coloured, shining, rounded, strongly striate on the
ventral and dorsal faces, narrowly keeled at the sutures, early dehiscing, pale and
quite glabrous within. — I have described this from ;i fruiting specimen. The capsule
resembles that of C. paniculatas, but is quite glabrous within.

3. C. Ritchiei, Hook. f. ; leaflets elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminate,
nerves 5-7 on each side faint, capsule f by £ in. turgidly oblong rounded at the
top, base cordate.

Western Peninsula, the Concan, Stocks ; the Eamghat near Belgaum, Ritchie.

Leaflets 3-4 by l^-lf in., finely reticulated, quite glabrous. Panicles rusty-
pubescent. Flowers crowded, | in. long. Sepals ovate-oblong. Petals about twice a
long. Capside quite as broad from suture to suture as across the valves, dark-
coloured, intruded at the base, which is very rounded, and suddenly contracted into
the stalk. — The capsule much resembles that of C. latifolius, Wall., but is more
cordate at the base and larger.

** Valves of the capsules more or less pubescent or velvety within (un-
known in C. Griffithii and semidecandrus.
t Leaflets more or less pubescent beneath.

4. C. ferrug'ineus, Jack in Mai. Misc. 2, vii. 37; branches panicles
and leaves beneath densely rusty tomentose, leaflets 7 oblong or oblanceolate
acuminate rugose, capsules 2-2^ by 1£ in. compressed velvety narrowed into the
stalk. — Oonnaracea, Wall. Cat. 8530.

Eastern Peninsula, Sincapore, Malacca, and Penang, Jack, $c.

Densely clothed with rusty velvety tomentum. Leaflets 3-6 by \\ 2\ in., thickly
coriaceous, rugose, and pubescent above when young, glabrate above when old, base
rounded or subcordate ; petiolules very short and stout ; nerves 6-8 pairs, arched,
very much sunk above and raised beneath. Panicles shorter than the leaves, very
stout. Flowers nearly 1 in. long. Sepals oblong. Petals twice as long, narrowly
linear-spathulate. Filaments glabrous, shorter, half as long as the others. Capsule
almost woody, readily dehiscing, hardly pointed, densely tomentose, valves finely
pubescent within.

e2

52 xlix. CONNARACE.E. (J. D. Hooker.) [Connarus.

5. C. G-riffithii, Hook. f. ; tranches, petioles, and leaves beneath pubes-
cent, leaflets ovate- or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate, nerves very indistinct.

Tenasserim, at Mergui, Griffith.

Branches slender. Leaflets 3-5 by f-l£ in., thinly coriaceous, finely pubescent
with rusty hairs beneath, midrib distinct ; nerves very faint, oblique. Panicles rusty-
pubescent. Flowers | in. long. Sepals linear-obloug. Petals more than twice as
long, glabrous, ligulate. Filaments almost glabrous. Capsule unknown.

6. C. semidecandrus, Jack in Mai. Misc. 2, vii. 39 ; branches, petioles,
and midrib beneath finely pubescent, leaflets elliptic-oblong acute, thinly cori-
aceous, not reticulated, nerves 5 pairs very slender. 0. floribundus, Wall, in
Herb. Linn. Soc. sub 8543.]

Tenasserim at Mergui, Griffith ; Penang, Wallich, Phillips, $c.

Leaflets pale on both surfaces. Panicle much branched, thinly pubescent. Flowers
£ in. long, white (Wallich). Sepals linear-oblong. Petals more than twice as long,
narrow, linear-spathulate, glabrous. Filaments nearly glabrous. Capsule not seen.

ft Lea/lets perfectly glabrous beneath.

7. C. paniculatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 139; leaflets 3-7 elliptic-
oblong, -ovate or -lanceolate with a short or long obtuse point, petals glabrous,
filaments puberulous, capsules 1|-1^ by f-f in. contracted into the stalk
compressed, seed oblong compressed. ? 0. pentandrus, Roxb. I. c. 140. —
Connaracea, Wall. Cat. 8540 (excl. E.).

Silhet and the Khasia Mts., ascending to 2000 ft., Roxburgh, &c ; Chittagong,
Roxburgh, H. f. $ T.

A large climber ; branches and leaves perfectly glabrous. Leaflets 3-8 by 1-2 in.,
coriaceous, glossy above ; nerves 5-6 pairs, slender, faint, reticulations obscure ; petiole
stout. Panicle hoary, much branched and spreading. Flowers ^ in. long. Sepals
linear-oblong, pubescent. Petals more than twice as long, nearly glabrous, linear.
Longer filaments three times as long as the short ones. Capsule shining, pale,
deeply striate, finely pubescent within. — I do not see how C. pentandrus, Eoxburgh,
differs except in being described as truly pentandrous.

8. C. gibbosus, Wall, in Herb. Linn. Soc. sub 8541 ; leaflets elliptic-
oblong or -ovate obtusely acuminate nerves 5-6 pairs, capsules 1 by | in.
hatchet-shaped compressed with a horizontal beak on the outer edge. Conna-
racea, Wall. Cat. 8538, B (in part) ? 8540 E, 8541,8541 B. Sapind. dub. Wall.
Cat. 8098.

Birma, at Eangoon, McLelland ; Tenasserim, at Mergui, Griffith, &c. ; Penang,
Porter ; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay ; Sincapore, Jfallich. — Distrib. Borneo.

Leaflets 3-5 by l£-2£ in., quite glabrous ; transverse venules distinct beneath.
Panicles branched, rather slender. Flowers' £ in. Sepals ovate-oblong. Petals about
twice as long. Filaments puberulous. Capsules compressed, broad, veined, with the
beak, usually very pronounced at the outer edge of the broad top ; valves finely
pubescent within. — Wallich suggests that this may be Jack's C. lucidus or C. grandis.

9. C. Championii, Thwaites Enum. 80; leaflets 5-7 elliptic acuminate,
nerves 5-6 pairs very strong beneath, capsules 1£ by f in. semilunar compressed
narrowed at the base but not distinctly stalked striate glabrous.

Ceylon^ Central province, ascending to 4000 ft.

A climbing shrub ; young parts clothed with rusty pubescence. Leaflets 3-5 by
l|-2^ in., thinly coriaceous, polished on both surfaces, reticulate beneath ; petiole and
petiofules slender. Panicles axillary and terminal, 4-6 in., minutely rusty-pubescent.
Flowers \ in. long. Sepals oblong, hairy. Petals twice as long, linear-obovate, white
dotted with red, sparsely hairy. Filaments included, glabrous, the longer twice as
long as the shorter. Capsule apiculate, sutures not keeled ; valves thin with
scattered hairs within.

Connarus.] xlix. connaracej:. (J. D. Hooker.) 53

10. C. latifolius, Wall. Cat. 8537 (by error 5837)-, leaflets elliptic-
oblong with contracted obtuse or notched points, capsule f by £ in. shortly
subcylindric very turgid abruptly contracted into the stalk, top rounded scarcely
apiculate. Connaracea ? 8545.

Martaban, at Moulmein, Wallich. Tenasserim, at Tavoy, Gomez.

Leaflets 4-7 by 1^—3 in., coriaceous, quite glabrous ; nerves 5 pairs, slender, arched,
reticulations indistinct. Panicles widely spreading. Flowers £ in. long. Capsules
with very round tops, and an obscure sublateral point, finely puberulous within.

11. C. grandis, Jack in Mai. Misc. 2, vii. 40; leaflets 8-14 in. elliptic-
oblong obtuse or obtusely acuminate thickly coriaceous polished, nerves 8-10
pairs, capsules 2 by f-1 in. contracted into the stalk turgid woody. Planch, in
Linncea, xxiii. 429. C. Wallichii, Planch, in Linncea, xxiii. 426. Connaracea,
Wall. Cat. 8538, A, B (in part).

Eastern Peninsula, Sincapore and Penang, Wallich ; Malacca, Griffith, Main-
gay ; Tenasserim or Andaman Islands, Heifer.

Branches and petioles very robust, quite glabrous. Leaflets 3-5, much the largest,
most coriaceous and polished of the genus, transverse nerves distinct beneath ; petiolules
short, stout. Panicles spreading, clothed with hoary down. Flowers \ in. long.
Sepals linear-oblong, obtuse. Petals twice as long, almost glabrous, linear, dilated
upwards. Filaments puberulous, longer, three times as long as the others. Capsule
coarsely striated, glabrous, sutures rounded, not keeled or raised.

12. C. IWCaing-ayi, Hook. f. ; leaflets ovate or elliptic-ovate obtusely
acuminate very coriaceous pale, nerves very faint, capsules 1-1 £ by ^ in. elliptic
or subcylindric, stalk obscure.

Eastern Peninsula ; Malacca, Maingay.

Branches rather stout, glabrous. Leaflets 5, 3-5 by 1^—2^ in., closely finely reticu-
lated, opaque and pale grey on both surfaces. Panicles hoary-pubescent. Flowers
\ in. long. Sepals small, ovate-lanceolate. Petals three times as long, linear, with
black dots, hoary on both surfaces. Capsules, young. 1£ by ^ in., terete, grooved at
both sutures, top rounded and mucronate, strise quite longitudinal ; old more elliptic ;
valves woody, velvety within. — Very near and perhaps identical with C. falcatus,
Blume of Borneo. I find great varieties in the capsules of Maingay's specimens, in
part I assume depending on age ; the longer are almost straight and subcylindric and
£ in. diam. ; the shorter are ellipsoid and f in. diam. ; a few are 1\ in. long, curved
and more distinctly stalked, as in Blume' s falcatus.

13. C. olig-ophyllus, Planch, in Linncea, xxiii. 427; leaflets elliptic-
lanceolate obtusely acuminate lower 2-3 pairs of nerves prominent beneath,
panicle hoary-pubescent, capsule lg— 1^ by \ in. fusiform-clavate symmetrical
apiculate obscurely stalked grooved on one face. Connaracea, Wall. Cat. 8542
(in part) and 8539, D (in part).

Penang, Porter.

Branches and leaves quite glabrous. Leaflets 5, 4-7 by 1^-2^ in, ; base acute, thinly
coriaceous, shining on both surfaces, pale red-brown beneath, the lowest pair of nerves
quite basal, the succeeding pairs distant, all very oblique ; petiole and petiolules
slender. Panicle subpyramidal, nearly black; branches slender, ascending, rufous-
pubescent. Flowers \ in. long. Sepals oblong, obtuse, hoary. Capsules nearly straight,
dark brown, smooth, striated longitudinally, tip rounded, apiculate ; valves coriaceous,
finely pubescent within.— The sheet of 8539 D. in Wall.'s Herb, contains three
fragments of this plant without fruit, one flowering specimen of 8539 A (C. panicu-
latus), and three capsules of the same (glabrous inside). The sheet of 8542 consists
of flowering specimens of this ; and 8542 B. consists of this and C. paniculatus or
monocarpus. The specimen given to Bentham by Wallich is in fine fruit. This
to differ entirely from C. Maingayi in the foliage, large panicle, and sepals.

54 xlix. connarace^:. (J. D. Hooker.) [Connarus.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

0. species ? leaflets 5-8 in. elliptic and stout, branches almost black and very
polished, nerves 7-8 pair very strong beneath, panicle slender hoary, sepals uvate-
lanceolate, petals glabrous. — Sincapore or Penang, Walker.

C. species ? leaflets as in C. pinnatus, but nerves beneath very strong. — Anamallay
hills, alt. 3000 ft., Beddome.

Connarus? velutinus, Wall. Cat. 8536, consists of foliage and diseased fruit of
a Spatholobus, with one capsule of Ellipanthus tomentosus, H. f.

Connarus ? Jackianus, Wall. Cat. 8552, is Cupania Jackiana, Hiern.

Connarus mimosoides, Vahl Symb. iii. 87 ; DC Prodr. ii. 85, from the Nicobar
Islands is indeterminate from description.

5. CNESTIS, Juss.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves odd-pinnate ; leaflets many, quite entire. Flowers
solitary, fascicled or racemed, tomentose, rarely panicled, polygamous or dioe-
cious, rotate. Sepals 5, valvate or imbricate at the tip, spreading in fruit. Petals
5, shorter or longer than the calyx. Stamens 10, free. Ovaries 5-7, sessile ;,-
styles short, stigmas capitellate. Capsules 1-3, kidney-shaped, cylindriq;
curved or waved, pubescent, often villous or clothed with rigid hairs within.
Seed exarillate, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons thin. — Distkib. Tropical Asia and
Africa ; species about 10.

1. C. ramiflora, Griff. Notul. iv. 432 ; softly tomentose or villous, leaf-
lets 12-15-pairs linear-oblong, tip rounded obtuse or subacute, base rounded or
cordate. O. flaminea, Griff. I.e. 433, t. 608, f. 2. O. platantha, Griff. I.e. 434 js
Kurz in Jour. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, pt. ii. 75. Connarus foliolosus, Jack in Wall^
Cat. 8529. 0. igneus, Wall. Cat. 8528, (Connaracea). Eourea dasyphylla, Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 528.

Birma, at Amherst, Chappedong and Eangoon, Wallich. Tenasserim, at Mergui*
Griffith. Moulmein and the S. Andamans, Kurz, &c. Penang, Malacca and;
Sincapore, Wallich, Griffith, &c. — Distrib. Sumatra, Philippine Islands.

A climbing shrub. Branches stout, woody. Leaves 1 ft. ; petiole slender, pube-
scent ; leaflets subsessile, 1^—3 in., sometimes contracted below the middle, glabrous;
and shining above; nerves 6-10 pairs, slender, arched. Panicles axillary, fascicled,
slender, much shorter than the leaves, densely clothed with pale soft tomentum. Flowers
$ £ in. diam., rosy, $ smaller. Sepals linear-oblong, obtuse. Petals shorter in the
$ , longer in the $ , linear-oblong, obtuse or emarginate, glabrous. Filaments slender,
glabrous. Ovaries 5-7 (usually 6, Griffith), hirsute ; styles short. Capsules 1-3 in.
long, sessile, falcate, enlarged and tumid above the middle, obtuse, woody, rugged ;
valves thickly woody, velvety within. Seed short, broad, compressed, testa thin. —
I think there can be no doubt but that this answers to the three species of Cnestis
described by Griffith and cited above, though his names are not attached to any of
his specimens. It has been distributed as Cnestis foliolosus and C. igneus, Planch.
MSS. in Herb. Hook.

6. TJENXOCHX.2BNA, Hook. f.

A rambling shrub. Leaves odd-pinnate, glabrous ; leaflets 5, quite entire.
Panicles axillary, short. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube short, hemispheric,
segments 5, enlarged and revolute in fruit, valvate. Petals 5, much exceeding
the calyx. Stamens 10, alternately shorter, nearly free at the base. Ovaries 5,

Tceniochlcena.'] xlix. conxaeace^j. (J. D. Hooker.) 55

sessile ; styles short, stigmas discoid. Capsules 1-3, ovoid, compressed, pubes-
cent ; valves glabrous within. Seed oblong, arillate ; albumen 0 j cotyledons
plano-convex.

1. T. Griffithii, Hook.f. in Benth. 8? Hook. Gen. PI. i. 434.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.

Branches rather slender, quite glabrous. Leaflets 3-T by If-3in., sometimes almost
orbicular, base usually cordate, shining above and beneath, nerves 3-5 pairs, arched ;
petiolules very short. Racemes 2-3 in., fascicled, densely pubescent, slender. Flowers
rotate, j in. diam. Sepals oblong, pubescent, recurved in flower. Petals twice as long,
linear, dilated upwards, glabrous. Filaments short, subulate. Capsules 2-3, |-1 in.,
obtuse, densely pubescent, valves coriaceous. Seed short, slightly compressed, testa
black.

7. ELLIPANTHUS, Hook. f.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves with 1 leaflet, quite entire. Racemes axillary,
short. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Sepals 5, not enlarged in fruit,
suberect, valvate. Petals 5, longer than the sepals, oblong-lanceolate, densely
pubescent. Stamens 10, 5 shorter, without anthers, filaments short subulate
connate at the base. Ovary 1, strigose ; style short. Capsule stalked, oblique,
velvety ; valves glabrous within. Seed arillate, albumen 0 ; cotyledons plano-
convex.— Distrib. Malayan Peninsula and Islands.

* Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so.

1. E. Thwaitesii, Hook.f. ; leaflet elliptic obtusely caudate-acuminate,
capsule curved into a semicircle beaked densely closely pubescent. Connarus
unifoliatus, Thwaites Enum. 80 and 410.

Ceylon, Central Province, at 3-4000 ft. Thwaites

A moderate sized tree ; branches slender, black. Leaflet 2-3| by 1 -If in., reticu-
late ; petiole and petiolule \-\ in., slender. Racemes 4-7-flowered, pubescent, bracts
deciduous. Flowers subdicecious, \ in. diam., green. Sepals acute. Petals twice as
long. Capside 1| in. long, compressed, woody.

2. ZS. Helferi, Hook. f. ; leaflet elliptic-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate
acuminate, nerves 5-7 pairs strong beneath.

Tenasserim or Andaman Islands ; Heifer. — Distrd3. Borneo.

Branches slender, black. Leaves 4-7 by lf-2f in., very variable in length and
breadth, thinly coriaceous, with slight pubescence on the petiole and midrib beneath ;
petiole slender, § in. Racemes \-^ in., pubescent. Flower-buds, \ in. long. Fruit
unknown.

3. E. calophyllus, Kurz Andam. Rep. Append. B. 6 ; and in Beng. As.
Soc. Jour. 1872, ii. 305 ; leaflet ovate ovate-lanceolate or elliptic long-acumi-
nate quite glabrous, nerves 6-7 pairs very slender.

Andaman Islands, Kurz.

A tree 20-30 ft. ; shoots and buds pubescent. Leaflet 5-7 by 2-2| in., coriaceous,
finely reticulated, gradually narrowed to the obtusely acuminate tip, pale ; petiole
slender, f-1 in. Racemes^ in., densely pubescent. Petals £ in., densely pubeseent,
linear-oblong. Capstdes f-1 in., obovoid or ellipsoid, subacute, densely velvety ; valves
woody, glabrous within. — The description of the petals and inside of the capsule is
taken from Kurz.

56 xlix. C0NNAKACE2E. (J. D. Hooker.) [Ellipanthus.

** Leaves pubescent or tomentose beneath.

4. E. tomentosus, Kurz in Jour. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, pt. ii. 305 •,

leaflet elliptic ovate or orbicular obtuse acute or obtusely acuminate densely
pubescent beneath, nerves 6-8 pairs very slender. Oonnarus ? monophyllus,
Wall. Cat. 8551 (Connaracea).

Pegu, Martaban, and Tenasseeim, Wallich., &c. — Distrib. Siam.

Branches densely tomentose with fulvous hair. Leaflets 4-6 by 2— 3| in., usually ellip-
tic or elliptic-lanceolate, but often broader and sometimes quite orbicular, coriaceous,
glabrous, shining and very finely reticulated above; petiole ^-| in. Racemes ^ in.,
densely tomentose. lowers £in. diam. Sepals obtuse. Petals twice as long, oblong,
obtuse. Filaments hairy. Ovary strigose. Capsule 1^ in. (2 in., Kurz), semicircular
or obovoid, contracted into the stout stalk, obtuse, apiculate, densely velvety, sutures
rounded, valves woody, glabrous within.

5. E. Griffith!!, Hook. f. ; leaves ovate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate
rusty-pubescent beneath, nerves 8-10 pairs strong beneath.

Malacca, Griffith. — Distrib. Borneo.

Branches slender, rusty pubescent or tomentose. Leaflet 4-5 by l|-2 in., coria-
ceous, glabrous and shining above, tomentose chiefly on the nerves beneath ; petiole
^■-^ in. Bacemes \ in., few-flowered. Capsules \ in. long, curved, semicircular, beaked,
densely clothed with rusty velvety tomentum, stalk very short, valves woody, glabrous
within.

Order L. LEGUmiNOSSI. (By J. G. Baker, F.L.S.)

Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves stipulate and usually alternate, pinnate or
digitate or simple, often stipellate, sometimes with the rachis ending in a tendril.
Inflorescence axillary leaf-opposed or terminal, usually simply racemose or
panicled ; bracts and bracteoles usually both present. Flowers usually irre-
gular, hermaphrodite, rarely regular or polygamous. Sepals 5, combined or free,
often unequal, sometimes combined into two lips. Petals 5, rarely fewer by
arrest, usually free and unequal. Stamens normally ten, perigynous or almost
hypogynous, rarely fewer by arrest or indefinite ; filaments free or variously com-
bined. Anthers 2-celled, the dehiscence almost* always longitudinal. Ovary
free ; style simple, cylindrical, usually declinate ; stigma capitate, terminal
or oblique. Ovules one or more on; the ventral suture. Fruit usually dry, a pod
splitting open along both sutures, sometimes continuous and indehiscent, at
others separating into 1-seeded joints. Seeds usually exalbuminous ; cotyledons
foliaceous or amygdaloid, with a straight or inflexed accimibent radicle. —
Djstrib. One of the moafr cosmopolitan of natural orders, the second largest of
' flowering plants, containing between 6000 and 7000 known species. Of the
three suborders it is only 'the first that is cosmopolitan, the two others not
reaching beyond the tropieal and warm temperate zones.

Suborder L PAPILIONACEJE. Corolla papilionaceous. Petals irregular,
imbricated, the uppermost (standard) outermost, the four others in two opposite
pairs. Stamens definite.

Tribe I. Fodalyriese. Stamens free. Tod dehiscent. Leaves digitate.

Shrub with connate stipules 1. Piptanthus.

Herbs with free stipules' .......... 2. Thermopsis.

Tribe II. G-enisteee. Stamens monadelphous. Pod dehiscent, not jointed.
■Leaves simple or digitately 3-foliolate.

i . LEGUMmosiE. (J. G. Baker.)
Anthers uniform. Keel petals scarcely cohering,

* Anthers dimorphous. Keel petals Jirmly cohering.

5X

3. EOTHIA.

Leaflets entire, subsessile.
Keel obtuse.

Calyx 2-lipped 4. Abgybolobium.

Calyx subequally 5-toothed 5. Lotononis.

Keel beaked.
Pod flattened.

.Flowers solitary in axils of leaves .... 6. Heylandia.

Flowers in terminal racemes 7- Peioteopis.

Pod turgid . . . . . . . . . 8. Ceotalaeia.

Leaflets toothed, stalked 9. Ononis.

Tribe III. Trifolieae. Stamens diadelphous. Pod usually dehiscent, not
jointed. Leaves digitately or pinnately 3-foliolate ; leaflets usually toothed.

* Leaves digitately 3-foliolate.

Petals persistent, adnate to the staminal tube
Petals caducous, free from the staminal tube

** Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate.

Pod elongated, straight or recurved ....

Pod short, round, or oblong . * .

Pod falcate or spiral

1.0. Teifolium.
11. Paeochetus.

12. Teigonella.

13. Melilotus.

14. Medicago.

Tribe TV. XiOtese. Stamens diadelphous.
Leaves pinnately 5-foliolate ; leaflets entire.

Pod dehiscent, not jointed.

15. Lotus.

Tribe V. G-alegeee. Stamens usually diadelphous. Pod dehiscent, not
jointed. Leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets entire.

* Anthers apiculate.

Stamens monadelphous
Stamens diadelphous .

Hairs fixed by the centre.

16. Cyamopsis.

17. Indigofeea.

** Anthers obtuse. Hairs basifixed. ,

Pod 1 -seeded, indehiscent. Leaves gland-dotted . . .18. Psoealea.
Pod few- or many-seeded, subindehiscent or late in dehiscing.
Filaments filiform.

Pod membranous, inflated 19. Colutea.

' Pod woody or very firm 20. Mo.t.kttia.

Filaments dilated . .21. MuxirjuA.

Pod many -seeded, soon dehiscing.

Flowers mostly in leaf-opposed racemes . . . .22. Tepweosia.
Flowers mostly in axillary racemes. • *

Pod very long, distinctly septate 23. Sksbania.

Pod linear or oblong, not septate.

Calyx very oblique 24. Cabagana.

Calyx not, oblique.

Keel very, short, obtuse ......

Keel long, obtuse

Keel long, appendiculate . . .

25. GUIDENSTJEDTIA.

26. ASTBAGAMJS.

27. OXYTBGPIS.

58

l. LEGUMIN0S2E. (J. Gr. Baker.)

Tribe VI. Hedysareae.

jointed if more than 1-seeded.

* Leaves exstipellate.

Stamens monadelphous ; anthers uniform.
Leaflets' 1-3. Flowers in a lax raceme
Leaflets 3. Flowers in a dense head

Leaflets 4 .

Leaflets many

Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1) ; anthers uniform.
Ovule solitary. Pod 1 -jointed .
Ovules few.

Spiny shrub, with simple leaves
Herbs with imparipinnate leaves.

Pod distinctly jointed ....
Pod marked only by faint transverse lines
Stamens monadelphous ; anthers dimorphous.
Joints of pod 2-6, muricated ....
Joints of pod 1-2, rugose ....

Stamens in two bundles of 5 each ; anthers uniform.
Pod twisted inside the calyx ....
Pod straight exserted from the calyx.

Calyx 2-lipped

Calyx 5-toothed

Stamens diadelphous or monadelphous.
Leaves odd-pinnate.

Pod

28. Tavernieba.

29. Ebenus.

30. Geissapsis.

31. Onobrychis.

32. Lespedeza.

33. Alhagi.

34. Hedysarum.

35. Stracheya.

36. Zornia.

37. Stylosanthes.

38. Smithia.

39. iEsCHYNOMENE.

40. Ormocarpum.

** Leaves stipellate. (Stamens in all 9 and 1 j anthers uniform.)

Ovary 1-ovuled.

Racemes terminal, capitate . . . . . .41. Leptodesmia.

Eacemes axillary, lax 42. Eleiotis.

Ovules several. Pod not distinctly jointed.

Pod turgid - . . . 43. Pycnospora.

Pod flat .44. PSEUDARTHRIA.

Ovules 2 or more. Pod distinctly jointed.

Pod twisted up so that the joints are brought face to face.

Calyx accrescent ; teeth lanceolate .... 45. Lourea.

Calyx not accrescent ; teeth setaceous . . . .46. Uraria.
Pod not twisted up.

Joints turgid 47. Axysicarpus.

Joints flattened.
• Pedicel abruptly inflexed at the tip . . . . 48. Mecopus.
Pedicel not inflexed.

Eacemes in fascicles from the old wood . . .49. Ottgeinia.
Eacemes simple or panicled from the year's shoots . 50. DESMODiinyr.

Tribe VII. Vicieae. Stamens diadelphous (the tenth abortive in Abrus).
Pod dehiscent, not jointed. Leaves equally pinnate ; petiole ending in a tendril
or bristle.

Shrubs with the tenth stamen absent .
Herbs with diadelphous stamens (9 and 1).
Leaflets toothed
Leaflets entire.

Tube of stamens oblique at mouth .
Tube of stamens truncate at mouth

51. Abrus.

52. Cicer.

53. Vicia.

54. Lathyrxjs.

Tribe VIII. Phaseoleae. Stamens monadelphous or diadelphous. Pod
dehiscent, not jointed. Climbing, rarely erect herbs or shrubs, with pinnately
3-foliolate leaves.

L. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) 59

Subtribe I. Glycineje. Leaves not gland-dotted ; leaflets stipellate. Nodes
of racemes not tumid. Flowers small. Petals about equal in length. Style
beardless/

* Stamens diadelphous. Stipules and bracts conspicuous persistent.

Style filiform. Calyx -teeth distinct.

Standard spurred. Flowers dimorphic . . • . .55. Amphicarpjea.

Standard not spurred. Flowers uniform . . . .56. Shtjteria.

Style flattened upwards. Calyx truncate .... 57. Dumasia.

** Stamens monadelphous. Stipules and bracts minute caducous.

Anthers uniform, all fertile 58. Glycine.

Alternate anthers abortive 59. Teraaintjs.

Subtribe II. Erythrike^e. Leaves not gland-dotted; leaflets stipellate.
Nodes of racemes tumid. Flowers conspicuous. Petals very unequal. Style
beardless.

Keel exceeding the wings and standard.

Anthers dimorphous 60. Mucuna.

Anthers uniform . . . ... . . .61. Apios. '

Standard exceeding the keel and wings . . . .62. Erythrina.

Standard and keel equal ; wings short 63. Strongylodon

Subtribe III. Galactie^;. Leaves not gland-dotted ; leaflets stipellate.
Nodes of racemes tumid. Petals equal. Style beardless.

* Stamens diadelphous.

Herbs.

Two upper calyx-teeth not fused . . . . .64. Grona.
Two upper calyx-teeth fused into one.

Keel nearly straight . . . . . . 65. Gaeactia.

Keel semicircular 66. Cocbxianthus.

Shrubs.

Pod 1 -seeded, not winged.

Flowers small, panicled 67. Spatholobus.

Flowers large, racemose 68. Butea.

Pod many-seeded, winged ....... 69. Mastersia.

** Stamens monadelphous.

Upper lip of calyx projecting 70. Can a v aha.

Upper teeth of calyx not projecting.

Pod oblong, turgid, 1-2-seeded ..... 71. Dioclba.

Pod linear, flat, many-seeded . . J. 72. PrERAkiA.

Subtribe IV. Etjphaseoleje. Leaves not gland-dotted. Stamens diadel-
phous. Style bearded below the stigma. t»*

* Stigma oblique.

Keel spiral . . .73. Phaseoetjs.

Keel not spiral. Style filiform 74. Vigjta.

Keel not spiral. Style flat upwards 75. Pachyrhiztjs.

** Stigma terminal.

Petals very unequal in length ' . . . . .76. Clitoria.

Petals equal in length. Pod flattish 77. Dolichos.

Petals equal in length. Pod square, 4-wingecl . . .78. Psophocarpus.

i

60 L. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.)

Subtribe V. Cajane^j. Leaves gland-dotted below ; stipellre often abortive.
Nodes of raceme not tumid. Style not bearded.

* Ovules 3 or more.

Pod -with depressed lines between each seed.

Seeds with a large grooved aril . . . . . 79. Atylosia.

Aril absent . . 80. Cajanus.

Pod without depressed lines between the seeds . . . 81. Dunbaria.

** Ovules 1-2.

Calyx-teeth accrescent 82. Cylista.

Calyx-teeth not accrescent.

Funiculus at the end of the hilum . . ... 83. Eriosema.
Funiculus centric on the hilum.

Leaves pinnate. Pod compressed . . . . .84. Rhynchosja.
Leaves digitate. Pod turgid . . . ... 85. Fiemingia.

Tribe IX. Dalberg*ie88. Stamens monadelphous or diadelphous. Pod
continuous, indehiscent. Leaves odd-pinnate.

* Leaflets distinctly alternate.

Flowers small, white or reddish .86. Dalbergia.

Flowers large, yellow . . . . . . . .87. Pterocarpus.

** Leaflets opposite.

Pod flat, almost woody, wingless 88. Pongamia.

Pod flat, thin, firm, winged down one or both sutures . . 89. Derris.
Pod round, subdrupaceous . . . - . . . .90. Euchresta.

Tribe X. Sophoreae. Stamens free. Pod not jointed. Leaves odd-pinnate,
rarely simple.

Leaves simple. Bract and braeteoles large, opposite, per-
sistent . . . . . . . . . .91. Dalhousiea.

Leaves odd-pinnate. Bracts and braeteoles small, caducous.
Stigma terminal.

Pod moniliform .92. Sophora.

Pod equal, flat, membranous 93. Calptjrnia.

Stigma oblique.

Pod indehiscent, flattish, narrowly winged . . .94. Pericopsis.
Pod turgid, dehiscent, fleshy or coriaceous . . . 95. Ormosia.

Suborder II. CJESALPINIJEJE. Petals imbricate, slightly unequal, the
upper innermost in bud. Stamens definite.

Tribe XI. Eucaesalpinieae. Leaves ample, abruptly bipinnate.

* Calyx-disk sub-basal ; sepals imbricated.

Sutures of pod not winged 96. Cjesalpinia.

Both sutures of pod winged 97. Peltophorum.

Upper suture, of pod winged 98. Mezonetjron.

Pod samaroid • . . .99. Pteroeobium.

** Calyx-disk sub-basal ; sepals valvate.

Pod thin, flat . 100. Poinciana.

Pyd turgid, moniliform . . . . . . 101. Parkinsonia.

l. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) 61

*** Calyx-disk placed considerably above the base.

102. Wagatea.
See also Mezoneuron, § Tubicalyx.

Leaves simply pinnate. Calyx-tube short; disk

Tribe XII. Cassieae

subbasal.

Petals 5. Anthers mostly dehiscing by a terminal pore . 103. Cassia.

Petals 5. Anthers dehiscing longitudinally . . .104. Cynometra.

Petal 1. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1) .... 105. Sindoba.
Petals none.

Stamens 2. Leaves unequally pinnate .... 106. Dialium.
Stamens 10. Leaves equally pinnate.

Sepals usually 5 . . '. 107. Hardwickia.

Sepals 4 108. Crtjdia.

Tribe XIII. Amherstieoe. Leaves equally pinnate. Disk at the top of
a prolonged calyx-tube.

Petals none 109. Saraca.

Petals 3-5.

Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1) 110. Amherstia.

Stamens monadelphous, only 3 developed . . . . 111. Tamarixdus.

Stamens 5, free, equal 112. Humboldtia.

Stamens 3-8, free ^ 113. Afzelia.

Tribe XIV. Bauhinieae. Leaves simple, mostly deeply 2-lobed.

114. Batthinia.

Stjbokder III. MIMOSEAL. Petals regular, valvate, usually united above
the base. Stamens definite or indefinite.

Tribe XV. BXimoseee. Stamens definite, usually ten.
* Anthers at first gland-crested.
Herbs with flowers in round heads

Tree with flowers in round heads
Shrubs or trees with flowers in spikes.
Climber with tendrils
Erect without prickles
Erect prickly.

Pod turgid with a thick mesocarp .
Pod thin, coriaceous, finally twisted
Pod long, thin, flat

** Anthers not gland-crested.

Stamens 10.

Calyx-teeth imbricate. Stamens monadelphous
Calyx-teeth valvate. Stamens free.
Pod ligulate, coriaceous, continuous.
Undershrub with clavate stigma
Tree with capitate stigma

Pod jointed

Stamens 5

115.
116.

117.
118.

119.
120.
121.

Neptttnia.
Xylia..

Entada.
Adenanthera/

Prosopis.

DlCHROSTACHYS.
PlPTADENIA.

122. Parkia.

123. Desmanthus.

124. Leucena.

125. Mimosa.

126. Acrocarpus.

Tribe XVI. AcacieaB.

Stamens free

Stamens indefinite.

127. Acacia.

62 l. leguminos-e. (J. G. Baker.) [Piptanthus.

Stamens monadelphous.
Leaves bipinnate.

Pod thin, ligulate, the sutures not thickened . . . 128. Albizzia.
Pod large, turgid, oblong, indehiscent, the sutures not

thickened 129. Serianthes.

Pod rather falcate, the sutures much thickened . . 130. Calliandra.

Pod circinate 131. Pithecolobium.

Leaves simply pinnate . . . . . .132. Inga.

1. PIPTANTKUS, D. Don.

A shrub. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate. Flowers racemed, bracteate.
Calyx-tube campanulate ; teeth equal, lanceolate. Corolla three times the calyx ;
petals all with long claws ; standard orbicular, erect, margins reflexed ; wings
obovate; keel-petals obovate-oblong, connate down the back, slightly incurved.
Stamens free ; anthers uniform. Ovary linear, stalked, downy, 6-10-ovulate ;
style filiform, incurved ; stigma minute terminal. Pod linear, flattened, con-
tinuous within. — Distkib. A single endemic species.

1. P. nepalensis, D. Don in Sweet, Brit. Flower Gard. t, 264; Brand.
For. Flor. 132. Thermopsis nepaulensis, DC. Prodr. ii. 99. T. laburnifolia,
Don Prodr. 239. Baptisia? nepalensis, Hook. Exot. Flor. t. 131. Anagyris
nepalensis, Grah, in Wall. Cat. 5340. A. indica, Lindl. in Trans. Hort. Soc.
vii. 245.

Temperate Himalaya, from Simla to Bhotax, alt. 7-9000 ft.

A shrub 6-10 feet high ; habit of the laburnum ; branches downy. Stipules small,
connate, amplexicaul ; petiole 1 in. or less ; leaflets glabrescent, lanceolate, 2-4 in.,
narrowed to both ends. Flowers 12-20 in subdense racemes ; bracts large, de-
ciduous ; bracteoles 0. Calyx downy, deciduous from the base. Corolla yellow, above
1 in. long. Pod 2-5 in., 3-10-seeded.

2. TKERXHOPSIS, R. Br.

Perennial herbs. Leaves stipulate, 3-foliolate ; bracts large, leafy, free.
Flowers showy, usually yellow, racemed. Calyx-tube turbinate ; teeth lanceo-
late ; two upper more or less connate. Petals all long-clawed ; standard orbicu-
lar, sides refiexed ; wings obovate ; keel-petals obovate-oblong, faintly joined
down the back. Stamens free; anthers uniform. Ovary linear, sessile or
stalked, oc-ovulate ; style filiform, incurved ; stigma minute terminal. Pod
turgid, linear or oblong, straight or falcate, continuous within. — Distkib.
Species 12, China, Japan, N. America.

1. T- barbata, Boyle III. 196, t. 32, fig. 1 ; densely shaggy, leaflets
oblanceolate, corolla deep purple, pod linear-oblong. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4868.
Anagyris barbata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5341.

Temperate and Subalpine Himalaya, from Kashmir and Ktjnawar to Sikkim,
ascending to 11,000 ft.

Bootstock woody. Stems 1 ft. or more, copiously branched dichotomously. Leaves
sessile, subglabrescent, often opposite ; stipules just like the leaflets in texture and
shape. Flowers 6-12, short-stalked, opposite or ternate. Calyx shaggy, like the
leaves, 3 lower teeth twice the tube. Corolla 1 in. long. Bod short-stalked, |— § in.
broad, 1-6-seeded.

Thermopsis.'] l. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) 63

2. T. inflata, Camb. in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. iv. 34, t. 39 ; finely downy,
leaflets obovate-cuneate, corolla yellow, pod broad-oblong. Benth. in Hook.
Lond. Jown. ii. 431.

Himalayas of Tibet and Kunawar, alpine region, alt. 15-17,000 ft.

General habit of the last, but not more than half a foot high. Bootstock woody,
widely creeping. Leaves sessile ; leaflets fleshy, glaucous, \-^ in. Stipules like the
leaflets in shape and texture. Bacemes close, 6-10-flowered. Flowers short-stalked,
in twos or threes. Calyx finely silky, the three lower teeth as long as the tube.
Pod short-stalked, 6-10-seeded, oblong, an inch or more thick, more membranous and
flexible than in T. barbata, and dehiscing less readily.

3. ROTHIA, Pers.

Diffuse annuals. Leaves petioled, digitately 3-foliolate. Flowers copious,
minute, in the axils of the leaves. Calyx-tube turbinate, the teeth as long as
the tube, the two upper broader and arched. Corolla scarcely exserted, all the
petals narrow, nearly straight, distinctly unguiculate,' those of the keel scarcely
cohering. Filaments united in a tube which is slit along the top ; anthers
uniform, minute. Ovary sessile, linear, oo-ovulate ; style short, straight, fili-
form, stigma capitate minute. Pod linear, slender, nearly straight, compressed,
continuous within. — Distrib. Two species, the other Trop. African.

1. R. trifoliata, Pers ; DC. Prodr. ii. 382 ; Wall. Cat. 5821 ; Wt. #
Am. Prodr. 195 ; Wight Ic. t. 199. Lotus indicus, Desr. in Lam. Enc. iii.
606. Trigonella indica, Linn. : Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 389. Dillwynia trifoliata,
Roth Cat. iii. 71. Glycine leptocarpa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5515. Hosackia
indica, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5940.

Tropical Plains from Btjndelkund to Ceylon. — Distrlb. Australia.

A copiously-branched diffuse annual with slender stems a foot or more long.'
Stipules free, minute, ^-lunate, persistent ; petioles shorter than the leaflets ; leaflets
oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, minutely mucronate, rather fleshy, silky, ^-1 in. long.
Flowers 1-4, on short pedicels in the axils of most of the leaves. Calyx silky,
|-| in. Corolla inconspicuous, fugacious. Pod \\-2 in., silky. Seeds 20 or more.

4. AEGYROLOBIUM, Eckl. § Zeyh.

Herbs or shrubs. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate ; stipules free. Flowers
yellow, in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes or umbels. Calyx 2-lipped, slit
nearly to the base, with (in Indian species) 5 distinct teeth, 2 to the upper,
3 to the lower lip. Corolla scarcely if at all exserted ; standard roundish ;
wings oblong ; keel-petals broad, joined down the back to the obtuse incurved
tip. Stamens monadelphous ; anthers dimorphous. Ovary linear, sessile,
oo-ovuled ; style elongate, filiform, curved gradually upwards inside the keel,
stigma minute oblique. Pod linear, straight, continuous within, compressed,
subtorulose. — Distrib. Species 40-50, mostly South African.

1. A. flaccidum, Jaub. 8f Spach in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. ii. xix. 48;
terminal leaflet lanceolate acute, upper lip of 'calyx as long as lower, 4 upper
teeth deltoid, lowest subulate. Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. iii. 350. Cytisus
flaccidus, Royle III. 197. Glycine ? flaccida, Wall. Cat. 5517. A. divaricatum,
Jaub. Sf Spach. loc. tit. ; III. PL Orient, i. 116.

64 L. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) [Argyrolobium.

Tropical and Temperate tracts of north-west India, ascending from the plains to
9000 ft.

A shrub with very slender diffuse branches reaching 12-18 in. high. Stipules
minute, linear, persistent ; petioles much shorter than the leaves ; leaflets pale, silky,
subequal, lanceolate, acute, ~~ in. long. Flowers 1-6 in leaf-opposed racemes on
peduncles that exceed the leaves. Calyx A-| in. ; teeth shorter than the limb. Pod
densely silky, 6-8-seeded, § in. broad. — Cytisus languinosus, Boyle MSS., is a form
with more densely silky vestiture.

2. A. roseum, Jaub. 8f Spach. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. ii. xix. 51 ; end leaflet
obovate-cuneate very obtuse, upper lip of calyx shorter than lower, teeth all
lanceolate. Oytisus roseus, Camb. in Jacq. Toy. Bot. iv. 35, t. 40. A. ornithopo-
dioides, Jaub. 8f Spach, loc. cit. ; III. PI. Orient, i. 116. A. Kotschyi, Boiss.
Diagn. vi. 32.

Tropical and Subtemperate tracts of the north-west, ascending from the plains
to 7000 ft. in Kumaon. — Distrib. Persia.

General habit of A. flaceidum, but nearly or quite glabrous. Stipules the same :
petioles as long as or shorter than the leaves ; leaflets |-| in. long, often nearly as
broad, point truncate or emarginate. Peduncles 1-4-flowered, exceeding the leaves.
Calyx | in., glabrous ; teeth of upper lip exceeding limb. Corolla yellow tinged with
red; standard longer than upper lip of calyx. Pod glabrous, 10-15-seeded, ^ in.
broad. — A. trigonelloides, J. %■ S., with a similar habit, but a shorter flatter pod with
much fewer seeds, will probably be found in Scinde.

5. LOTOKON1S, DO.

Herbs or shrubs with digitately trifoliolate leaves, stipules connate or free,
flowers in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes or umbels. Calyx-tube narrow-
turbinate ; lowest tooth deeper than the other 4. Corolla little exserted ;
standard very narrow ; wings shorter and still narrower ; keel longer, suddenly
incurved at the tip, its petals firmly joined along the back. Stamens united in
a tube slit along the top \ anthers dimorphous. Ovary sessile, linear, oc-ovulate ;
style abruptly incurved at the base, stigma minute oblique. Pod linear,
usually compressed, but in our species turgid. — Distkib. Species 60, nearly all
restricted to South Africa.

1. Zi. Xieobordea, Benth. in Hook. Bond. Journ. ii. 607. Leobordea
lotoides, Delile Fragm. PI. Arab. 23, tab. 1.

Sonde ; between the plains and Eohill pass, Stocks. Punjab ; Peshawur, Stewart.
Distrib. Through the desert region to Algeria, Abyssinia and the Cape.

A much-branched finely silky diffuse annual, \ ft. or less high. Stiptdes minute
lanceolate, deciduous ; petiole as long as leaf; leaflets oblanceolate, rather fleshy, obtuse,
minutely mucronate, i-| in. Flowers 1-5, subsessile in axils of most of the leaves.
Calyx silky, \~ in. Corolla pale yellow or red, scarcely exserted. Pod linear-oblong,
turgid, 4-8-seeded, scarcely exserted.

6. HEYLANDIA, DC.

Calyx-tube turbinate ; teeth lanceolate, three lowest deepest. Corolla much
exserted ; standard large, round ; wings much smaller, obovate ; keel-petals
narrow, joined along the back, narrowed into an incurved beak. Stamens
united in a tube slit above ; anthers dimorphous. Ovary sessile, 2-ovulate ; style

Heylandia.'] L. leguminos^;. (J. G. Baker.) 65

elongated filiform abruptly incurved at the base ; stigma terminal. Pod oblong,
flat, 1-2-seeded. — Distrib. A single endemic species.

1. K. latebrosa, DC. Mem. Leg. 201 ; W. # A. Prodr. 180; Dalz. $
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 54. Hedysaruni latebrosum, Linn. Munt. 270. H. leiocarpa,
DC. loc. cit. ; Wall. Cat. 5342. Hallia hirta, Willd. Sp. PL iii. 1169. Cro-
talaria uniflora, Koen. in Roxb. Fl. Lnd. iii. 271. Heylandia hebecarpa, DC.
loc. cit. t. 34. Goniogyna hebecarpa, leiocarpa and latebrosa, DC. in Ann. Sc.
Nat. ser. 1. iv. 91.

Everywhere in the tropical region from the G-angetic plain and Scinde to Ceylon.

A prostrate more or less silky much-branched herb. Leaves close-set, alternate,
simple, subsessile, cordate-ovate, |— | in. long, more produced in the lower half.
Flowers in the axils of most of its leaves, subsessile, solitary. Corolla yellow,
\-~ in. Pod silky, |~ in. long.

7. PHIOTHOPIS, W. & A.

Calyx-tube campanulate ; teeth subequal. Corolla much exsertedr ; standard
roundish ; wings obovate-oblong ; keel broad, with a long distinct ascending
beak. Stamens monadelphous ; anthers dimorphous. Ovary distinctly stalked,
oc-ovulate ; style long, abruptly incurved at the base, bearded on the inner
side, stigma capitate. Pod distinctly-stalked, 5-6-seeded, oblong, flattened,
continuous within. — Disteib. A single endemic species.

1. P. cytisoides, W. fy A. Prodr. 180 ; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.
ii. 594 ; Walp. Ann. iv. 461. Orotalaria cytisoides, Roxb. Fl. Lnd. iii. 276 ;
Wall. Cat. 5422 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 131.

Tropical East Himalaya ; Nipax to Ava, ascending to 6000 ft. in Sikkim.

Undershrub, with the habit of Crotalaria striata, with slender glabrous branches.
Stipules 0 ; petioles as long as the leaves ; leaflets 3, oblong, glabrous, membranous,
2-3 in. long, narrowed to both ends. Racemes copious, short-stalked, leaf-opposed
and terminal, closely 12-20-flowered. Calyx \ in., finely silky ; teeth lanceolate, as
long as the tube. Corolla pale yellow, glabrous, 2-3 times the calyx. Pod 1 in. by
l in., narrowed to both ends ; gynophore filiform, quite as long as the calyx.

8. CROTALAHIA, L.

Herbs or shrubs of very various habit and vestiture. Leaves simple or 3-
foliolate, very rarely odd-pinnate. Flowers in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes,
often showy. Calyx-tube short ; teeth linear or lanceolate, subequal or shortly
connate in two lips. Corolla equalling or exceeding calyx ; standard with a short
claw, usually round ; wings obovate-oblong, shorter ; keel broad, equalling the
wings, its petals joined down the back, much incurved, distinctly beaked.
Stamens monadelphous ; anthers dimorphous. Ovary sessile or stipitate, linear,
usually multi- rarely 2-ovulate ; style long, abruptly incurved at the base,
bearded upwards, stigma minute oblique. Pod sessile or stipitate, straight,
linear or oblong, turgid, continuous within, usually many-seeded. — Distrib.
Species 2-300 ; spread everywhere in tropical and subtropical regions.

Sect. I. Arenariae, Benth. Rigid copiously stiffly-branched undershrubs;
often Spiny, with scattered small rigid deciduous simple leaves. — A small group,
characteristic of the desert Flora, reaching westward through Arabia and North
Africa to Senegal.

VOL. II. F

66 t l. LEGUMiNOSiE. (J. G. Baker.) [Crotalaria.

1. C. Burhia, Hamilt. in Wall. Cat. 5386 ; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.
ii. 474; Date. $ Gibs. Bomb. Flora, 64.

Scinde and Punjab, in sandy plains, ascending to 4000 ft. Cambay, in the desert
region, Dalzell. — Distrib. Afghanistan and Beloochistan.

A low undershrub, with very numerous stiff erecto-patent branches, clothed with
fine pale tomentum. Spines none. Leaves scattered, deciduous, subsessile, oblong or
lanceolate, rigid, pale green, silky, \-\^ in. long; stipules 0. Flowers 6-12, in
elongated terminal racemes ; pedicels 2-bracteolate, very short. Calyx densely silky,
\-Ji in. ; teeth long, lanceolate. Corolla yellow, scarce exserted. Pod oblong, 3-4-
seeded, rather longer than calyx.

Sect. II. Diffusae, Benth. Copiously-branched herbs with flexuose trailing
stems. Leaves close, simple. Stipules 0 or small, not decurrent. Racemes all
lateral, leal-opposed, usually reduced to few flowers or one only. Pods glabrous
or downy.

2. C. biflora, Linn.; pod eubglobose finely silky flexible 12-20-seeded.
DC. Prodr. ii. 127 ; WIJ& A. Prodr. 100. . "• biflorus, Linn. Mant.
273. 0. mum uu; aria, Willd. Sp. PL iii. 979; R&xb. Fl. Lnd. iii. 271; DC.
Prodr. ii. 129 ; Wall. Cat. 5417 (ex parte). 0. hirta, Roth Nov. Sp. 339. 0.
Rothiana, DC. Prodr. ii. 127. 0. Rothii, Spreng. Syst. iii. 237. Oicer num-
mularisefolium, Lamk. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 354.

Plains of the Peninsula and Ceylon. — Distrib. Java.

A silky trailing annual, with stems 1-1^ ft. long. Leaves close, subsessile,
densely silky, ovate or roundish, |— 1 in. long, obtuse, mucronate ; stipules minute,
usually 0. Pedicels 2-4 times leaves, 1 or closely 2-flowered. Calyx ^ in., densely
silky ; teeth long, upper lanceolate, lower linear. Corolla yellow, scarcely exserted.
Pod compressible, fl| in. long, short-stalked.

3. C. globosa, W. fy A. Prodr. 190 ; pod subglobose finely silky hare"
2-4 seeded. Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 475. 0. globulosa, Wight in Wall.
Cat. 5412.

Carnatic, Dindygul hills and Courtallum, Wight, G. Thomson.

Habit, vestiture, leaves, infloresence, calyx and corolla just as in C. biflora, but
pod smaller, not compressible, glabrescent before splitting, with seeds larger and much
fewer.

4. C. filipes, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 475 ; finely silky, stipules
0, leaves cordate-oblong oblique, peduncles thread-like 1-3-flowered, bracts and
corolla very minute, pod oblong glabrous 8-10-seeded. Date. 8f Gibs. Bomb.
Flora, 56.

Plains of the west side of the Western Peninsula ; Dekkan, Edgeworth.

Stems very slender, £-1 ft., clothed with fine spreading deciduous silky hairs.
Leaves pale, rigid, prominently veined, subsessile, obtuse, much more rounded on the
lower side. Peduncles copious, rigid, 3-6 times the leaves, glabrous ; flowers dis-
tant if more than one ; bracts persistent, reflexed. Calyx ~ in. long, finely silky ;
teeth long, all lanceolate. Corolla yellow, exserted ; standard erect, veined, round,
£ in. broad. Pod short-stalked, ^ in. long.

5. C. filiform is, Wall. Cat. 5389; subglabrous, stipules semilunate per-
sistent, leaves oblong, peduncles 1-2-flowered, bracts linear very minute, corolla
very small, pod linear-oblong glabrous 12-16-seeded. Benth. in Hook. Lond.
Journ. ii. 475.

Ava ; Mount Prome, Wallich.

Stems slender, copiously branched, thinly silky when young. Leaves short-stalked,
membranous, pale, subacute, 1-2 in. long, glaucous below ; stipules small, spreading,

Crotalaria.'] L. leguminosji. (J. G. Baker.) 67

foliacecms. Peduncles very slender, sometimes pseudo-terminal by the develop-
ment of leaves from their nodes ; flowers if two distant. Calyx £ in. long ; teeth
deep, lanceolate. Corolla yellow, not distinctly exserted. Pod short-stalked, £-§ in.
long.

6. C. trichophora, Benth. MSS. ; densely silky, stipules ,0, leaves
obliquely cordate-oblong, peduncles 1-2-flowered, bracts and corolla very small,
pod oblong glabrous 6-8-seeded.

Concan plains, Stocks.

Stems slender, copiously branched, 1-1|- ft., clothed with long silky yellow-brown
hairs. Leaves sessile, membranous, ^—1 in. long, obtuse or subacute, pale, membranous,
more broadly rounded on the lower side. Peduncles thread-like, rigid, clothed with
long hairs, rarely two-flowered, often leafy downwards, longer than the leaves. Calyx
\ in., densely silky ; teeth long, linear. Corolla yellowish, scarcely exserted. Pod
short-stalked, £-g- in. long.

7. C. Stocksii, Benth. MSS. ; subglabrous, stipules deciduous very
minute, leaves linear-oblong, peduncles 1-flowered, bracts and corolla very small,
pod linear-oblong glabrous 12-16-seeded.

Concan, Stocks; and contained also in Heifer's Tenasserim and Andaman
collection.

Stems slender, very copiously branched, 1-1 £ ft. Leaves short-stalked, obtuse,
£-l£ in. long, membranous, equally narrowed on both sides at the base. Pedicels
filiform, 2-3 times the leaves ; bracts subulate. Calyx j~ in.; teeth long, linear.
Corolla yellow, slightly exserted. Pod sessile, £-£ in. long, finally black.

8. C. vestita, Baker ; densely silky, leaves linear-oblong, stipules 0, bracts
lanceolate persistent, racemes 4r-5-flowered, corolla middle-sized, pod oblong
glabrous 15-20-seeded.

Herb. Stocks, probably from Concan.

Stems slender, much branched, ^-1 ft., densely clothed with yellow-brown silky
hairs. Leaves nearly sessile, moderately firm, equal-sided, £-l£ in. long, base rounded,
point rather obtuse. Peduncles spreading, exceeding leaves; bracts acute, ^-^ in.
long ; pedicels shorter than calyx. Calyx \ in., shaggy ; teeth linear, long. Corolla
not exserted. Pod nearly sessile, ^— f in. long.

'->. C. prostrata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54; Fl. Ind. iii. 270; finely silky,
stipules 0, leaves obovate-oblong rather oblique, racemes 2-4-flowered, bracts
subulate very minute, corolla small, pod linear-oblong glabrous 12-15-seeded.
Rottl.in Willd. JEnum. 747 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 130; Wall. Cat. 5419; W. § A.
Prodr. 189 (excl. syn.)-y Mart, in Munch. Denk. 6, t. E.

. Plains from the Uppeb Ganges to Ceyjlon, ascending to 6000 ft. in the Chenab
valley. — Disteib. Java.

Stems slender, £-1 ft., clothed with short adpressed or spreading silky yellow-
brown hairs. Leaves nearly sessile, ^-1} in. long, obtuse, pale, glaucous below, pro-
duced (cordate) on the lower side at the base. Peduncles finely silky, usually twice tt e
leaves. Calyx i-i in., densely silky; teeth linear, long. Corolla yellow, not
exserted. Pod nearly sessile, ^— | in. long.

10. C. humifusa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5421; shortly silky, stipules
minute subulate, leaves round-oblong, peduncles laxly 3-6-flowered, bracts and
corolla very small, pod oblong glabrous 6-8-seeded. Benth. in Hook. Lond.
Journ. ii. 476. O. prostrata, Wight Herb, ex parte.

Ktjmaon to Sikkim and Khasia, ascending to 5000 ft. Anamaixat hills, alt. 4000
ft., Beddome.

v2

68 L. leguminos^!. (J. G. Baker.) [Grotalaria.

Stems under a foot long, slender, flexuose, much branched, densely clothed with
short spreading yellow-brown silky hairs. Leaves nearly sessile, very obtuse, mem-
branous, pale, glaucous below, equal at the base, |— 1 in. long. Peduncles arcuate,
densely silky, usually 2-3 times the leaves, sometimes leafy below ; pedicels cernuous,
lower as long as the calyx. Calyx i in., densely silky ; teeth linear, very long.
Corolla yellowish, not exserted. Pod short-stalked, ^ in. long.

11. Co ferrug'inea, Grdh. in Wall. Cat. 5398; finely silky or shaggy,
stipules lanceolate spreading, leaves obovate-oblong, racemes laxly 2-8-flowered,
bracts small linear, corolla middle-sized, pod linear-oblong glabrous 20-30-
seeded. Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 476. 0. canescens, Wall. Cat. 5415.
0. crassifolia, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5416. 0. obliqua, Wall. Cat. 5388. 0.
leioloba, Bartl. Ind. Sem. Hort. Gbtt. 1837 ; Linncea xii. Littb. 80. C. pilosis-
sima, Miguel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 327.

Nipax to Assam, ascending to 5-6000 ft. ; Ava, Mabtaban, Ceylon. — Distrib.
Java, Philippines, Formosa.

More robust than all the preceding. Branches in the type finely silky. Leaves
short-stalked, moderately thick, pale beneath, obtuse, equal-sided, 1-2 in. long ; stipules
persistent, foliaceous, often deflexed. Peduncles usually 2-3 times the leaves ; racemes
much elongated; bracts persistent, spreading or deflexed. Calyx f-J in., shortly
silky ; teeth long, upper lanceolate, lower linear. Corolla not distinctly exserted.
Pod short-stalked, 1-1 £ in. long.

Vab. )8. pilosissima, Benth. MSS. ; leaves and flowers larger, calyx and branches
densely clothed with longer bright yellow-brown silky hairs. — Khasia ; 3-5000 ft.,
Hook. fil. § Thomson.

12. CB acicularis, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5390 ; finely silky, stipules small
lanceolate, leaves oblong oblique, racemes closely 12-20 flowered, bracts lanceo-
late, corolla small, pod linear-oblong glabrous 15-20 seeded. Benth. in Hook.
Lond. Journ. ii. 476. 0. disticha, Zolling. in Flora, 1847, 694.

Bengal to Ava and Tenassebim. — Distbib. Java, Philippines.

Stems slender, a foot long or more, thinly clothed with spreading silky hairs.
Leaves nearly sessile, obtuse, glaucous-green, membranous, thinly silky, i-l§ in. long,
rounded on the upper, cordate on the lower side at the base ; stipules persistent, re-
flexed. Peduncles equalling or exceeding leaves : bracts small, persistent, reflexed.
Calyx |-£ in., densely silky, teeth linear, very long. Corolla not exserted. Pod
Bessile, \-% in. long,

13. C. evolvuloides, Wight in Wall. Cat. 5410 ; finely silky, stipules
linear minute, leaves round-oblong obtuse slightly oblique, racemes 3-8 flowered,
bracts minute lanceolate, corolla small, pod oblong finely downy 8-10-seeded.

W. § A. Prodr. 188 (excl. syn.) ; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 477. O.
hirsute, Wall. Cat. 5413 A.C.

Tropical region, Nilghibis and Ceylon.

Stems 1-2 feet long, copiously branched, clothed with fine short spreading hairs.
Leaves short-stalked, ~-l in. long, moderately firm in texture, always obtuse. Peduncles
equalling or much exceeding the / leaves ; pedicels cernuous, exceeding the bracts,
shorter than the calyx. Calyx £ in., long densely pubescent; teeth long, linear. Co-
rolla yellow, slightly exserted. Pod short-stalked |-§ in. long. — The plant figured
under this name in Wight's Icones t. 31 from Courtallum has much larger flowers and
is probably a distinct undescribed species.

14. C. hirsuta, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 978 ; finely silky, stipules linear mi-
nute, leaves ovate acute slightly oblique, racemes 2-3-flowered, bracts lanceolate
minute, corolla middle-sized, pod oblong finelv downy 8-10-seeded. Roxb. Fl.
Ind. ii. 270; Wall. Cat. 5413 B ; DC. Prodr. ii. 126; W. $ A. Prodr. 188.

Crotalaria.] l. leguminosjj. (J. G. Baker.) 69

0. dicliotoma, Roth Nov. Sp. 340. 0. rubiginosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 269, non
Willd. 0. bifaria, Wall. Cat. 5399, in part. 0. triflora, Heyne in Wall. Cat.
5387.

Tropical region, Central Himalaya, Royle, Edgeworth, Thomson ; Bundelcund,
Edgeworth ; Western Peninsula, Heyne, Wight.

Very near the last. Leaves more membranous, always acute, 1-2 in. Peduncles
shorter, more slender, often leafy, densely clothed with short spreading silky hairs.
Calyx \ in., densely pubescent. Corolla yellow, distinctly exserted. Pod just the
same in shape and size.

15. C. b if aria, Linn. Suppl. 322 ; inconspicuously pubescent, stipules
linear minute, leaves round-oblong obtuse slightly oblique, racemes 1-2-flowered,
bracts small lanceolate, corolla middle-si^f1., pod oblong finely downy 10-12-
seeded. DC. Prodr. ii. 127 ; W. $ A. PVodr. 188 (excl. syn.) ; Wt. Ic. t. 30 ;
Wall. Cat. 5399, ex parte ; Balz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 55.

Tropical regions of the "Western Peninsula ana Ceylon.

Habit of the two last, but pubescence short and inconspicuous. Leaves short-
stalked, moderately firm, |-1§ in., upper casually narrow, but all obtuse. Peduncles
stoutish, usually exceeding the leaves ; bracts reflexed, persistent. Calyx §-| in., ob-
scurely pubescent : teeth linear-lanceolate, long. Corolla yellow, slightly exserted.
Pod short-stalked, \-\\ in. long, very turgid, glabrescent before it splits.

16. C. multiflora, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 478 ; shortly silky,
stipules linear minute, leaves ovate acute, racemes 2-6-flowered, bracts linear,
corolla large, pod oblong 10-12-seeded. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 328. C. bifaria,
var. multifiora, Am. in Nova Act. Nat. Cur. xviii. 329.

Ceylon, alt. 3-5000 ft., Gardner, Thwaites, &c.

The most robust and showy species of the section. Leaves distinctly stalked, sub-
coriaceous, dark green, glandular, punctate, usually 1-2 in., but reaching in a narrow-
leaved form 4-5 in. Peduncles ±-\ foot, stout, arcuate, densely clothed like the
stem with short spreading brown hairs ; pedicels cernuous, £ in. ; bracts reflexed,
persistent. Calyx |-1 in., inconspicuously downy ; teeth lanceolate, very long. Corolla
yellowish, equalling the calyx ; standard nearly 1 in. broad, veined with dark purple.
Pod short-stalked, 1^-2 in. long, densely clothed with dark brown silky hairs.

Sect. III. Alatae, Benth. Diffuse or suberect pubescent perennials. Leaves
simple. Stipules decurrent as a persistent wing to the branches. Racemes all
lateral, leaf-opposed 1-3-flowered. Pod stipitate linear-oblong glabrous.

17. C. al.ata, Hamilt. ex Roxb. in Don. Prodr. 241 ; suberect, stipular
wing broad, leaves thin oblong obtuse or subacute, peduncle elongated often leafy,
pod long-stalked. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 98 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 274 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 124 ;

Wall. Cat. 5356 ; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 478. 0. sagitticaulis, Wall.
Cat. 5357. 0. bialata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 274.

Kumaon to Assam and the Khasia Mts. ascending to 6500 ft. ; Ava, Wallich ;
Mishmi, Griffith ; Pegu, McLelland. — Distrib. Java.

A suberect under-shrub 1-2 ft. high. Stem and leaves below clothed with short
silky pubescence. Leaves subsessile, much thinner than in C. rubiginosa, varying from
obovate to ovate-oblong, reaching 2-3 in. ; stipule forming a wing from one node
nearly to the next, its point lanceolate-deltoid. Racemes 2-3-flowered ; bracts small,
persistent, ovate, acuminate. Calyx § in., densely silky ; tube campanulate ; bracteoles
inserted above the base. Corolla pale, not exserted. Pod linear-oblong, glabrous,
l£-lf in. long, 30-40-seeded.

18. C. rubiginosa, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 973; difiuse, stipular wing narrow,
leaves small round-obovate obtuse coriaceous, peduncle short not leafy, pod short-

70 l. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) [Crotalaria.

stalked. DC. Prodr. ii. 125 ; W. 8f A. Prodr. 181 ; Wt. Ic. t. 885 : Benth. in
Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 478. 0. ovalifolia, Wall. Cat. 5411. C. Wightiana,
Wall. Cat. 5358 B.

Nilghieis up to 4000 ft.

A spreading shrub with stems £-1 foot long, densely shortly grey-downy. Leaves
subsessile, rarely an inch long, dark green, always very obtuse, and densely clothed
with grey or when young with yellow-brown pubescence ; stipules passing suddenly
into a narrow wing from the spreading deltoid points. Racemes sparse, 1-4-flowered.
Bracts small, persistent, ovate ; bracteoles small, lanceolate, inserted above the base.
Calyx §-i in., densely silky. Corolla yellow, not exserted. Pod oblong, 1- 1± in. long,
glabrous, 20-30-seeded.

Vab. 1. scabrella; stems stronger and more ascending, flowers rather larger,
pod more distinctly stalked. 0. scabrella, W. & A. Prodr. 181. — Nilghieis and
Ceylon.

Vab. 2. Wightiana; stems suberect much more robust than in the type, leaves
thinner more silky larger reachiio 2-3 in. long l|-2 in. broad, corolla and calyx f— | in.
long, pod 1^-2 in. long, 30-40-seeded. 0. Wightiana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5358, A. ;
W. # A. Prodr. 181. — Nilghieis and Ceylon up to 6000 ft.

Sect. IV. Calycinae, Benth. Copiously-branched diffuse annuals or low
shrubs with slender branches. Leaves simple, more or less hairy, stipules 0 or
small not decurrent. Racemes all terminal or a few also lateral. Pods
glabrous or pubescent, exserted or included.

* Pod decidedly exserted frojn the calyx.

19. C. pusilla, Heyne ; DC. Prodr. ii. 128 ; annual, densely silky, stipules
0, leaves linear very small, racemes terminal and lateral laxly 3-6-flowered,
bracts minute lanceolate, pod silky sessile twice the calyx. Wall. Cat. 5396 ; W.
fy A. Prodr. 189.

"Westeen Peninsula. ; Bombay to Courtallum.

Stems under half a foot high, with copious ascending branches clothed with ad-
pressed brown silky hairs. Leaves subsessile, firm, obtuse, 5— f in. long, densely silky.
Bacemes very copious, short-stalked, £-1 in. long. Calyx campanulate, silky ^ in. deep ;
teeth deep, all linear. Corolla yellow, scarce exserted, Pod £ in. long, thinly silky,
4-8-seeded. — The smallest of all the species.

20. C. hirta, Willd.; DC. Prodr. ii. 130; annual, finely hairy, stipules 0,
leaves small linear obtuse, racemes capitate 2^4-flowered, bracts lanceolate folia-
ceous, pod glabrous sessile twice calyx. Mart, in Munch. Denks. 6 1. F. ; W. fy A.
Prodr. 182 ; Benth. in Hook. Bond. Journ. ii. 567. O. chinensis, Roxb. Fl. Lnd.
iii. 268 ; Wall. Cat. 5385, non Linn. C. pilosa, Roxb. in E. J. C. Mus. t. 370 ;
Rottl. Nova Act. 1808.

Dekkan, near Hydrabad.

A diffuse annual with slender branches, thinly clothed with short spreading hairs.
Leaves short-stalked £- 1 in., moderately close, rounded at the base. Flowers
crowded at the end of leafy branches ; pedicels very short. Calyx \ in., densely silky ;
teeth long, all linear, acuminate. Corolla scarce exserted. Pod oblong, 15-20-seeded.
—Differs from chinensis by its small obtuse leaves and much shorter calyx.

21^ C. mysorensis, Roth; DC. Prodr. ii. 126 ; annual, densely silky, sti-
pules linear persistent, leaves linear-oblong obtuse, racemes terminal and lateral
laxly 6-9-flowered, bracts lanceolate foliaceous, }fod subsessile glabrous twice the
calyx. Wall. Cat. 5361 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 182. 0. aipulacea, Roxb. Fl. Lnd. iii.
264. C. hirsuta, Roxb. in E. L C. Mus., t. 1595.

Teopical eegion, all through India proper, ascending to 4000 ft. in Kumaon.

Crotalaria.~\ L. leguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) 71

Copiously branched, 1-2 ft. high,'the steins clothed with long dense erecto-patent
brown silky hairs. Leaves membranous, short-stalked, 1-3 in. long, rounded at both
ends, thinly silky. Racemes stalked, reaching 6-9 in. long. Calyx £-| in. deep,
densely clothed with long silky hairs ; teeth all long, acuminate, upper lanceolate,
lower linear. Corolla yellow, not exserted. Pod oblong, l-lj in. long, 20-30-
seeded.

22. G . triquetra, JDalzell in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 34 ; stiffruticose, branches
'triquetrous obscurely pubescent, stipules lanceolate minute, leaves lanceolate-
oblong obtuse, racemes lateral and terminal laxly 2-3-flowered, pod silky short-
stalked 3-4 times the calyx. Dalz. c/ Gibs. Bomb. Flora, 56.

Western Peninsula ; Concan and Malwan, Dalzell, Stocks, Law ; Ceylon,
Thwaites.

Suffruticose, 1-2 ft. high with copious very slender ascending branches angled down
to the base. Leaves membranous, pale green, glabrescent, 1-2 in. long,, broadly rounded
at the base. Racemes long-stalked, very lax ; bracts minute, lanceolate. Calyx ^-^ in.
deep, thinly silky ; teeth long all linear, acuminate. Corolla pale yellow, ^ in.
long ; standard ovate, pointed. Pod oblong- cylindrical, f in. long, thinly coated with
short yellow-brown silky hairs, 15-20-seeded.

23. C. albida, Heyne ; DC. Prodr. ii. 126 ; suffruticose, branches terete
minutely silky, stipules 0, leaves linear or oblanceolate obtuse, racemes mostly ter-
minal laxly G-20-flowered, bracts linear very minute, pods glabrous sessile 1^ or
twice the calyx. W. <y A. Prodr. 189. 0. montana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 265 ; W.
8f A. Prodr. 182. 0. scoparia, Wall. Cat. 5418. 0. parva, Grah. in Wall. Cat.
5402. 0. punctata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5401 A. $ C. 0. tenuis, Wall. Cat.
5403.

Tropical region through India proper and Ceylon, ascending to 5500 ft. in Kumaon,
and to 6-7000 in the West Himalayas. Birma, Wallich. Pegu, McClelland.
Tenasserim, Heifer. — Distrib. Malay Isles, China, and Philippines.

A shrub 1-2 ft. high,, with very numerous firm slender, obscurely silky branches.
Leaves short-stalked, firm, 1-2 in., thinly silky beneath, pellucido-punctate, glabres-
cent above. Racemes 2-4 in. long, rarely lateral. Calyx turbinate, £ in., finally
| in. long, thinly silky ; teeth long, 3 lower linear acuminate, upper broader often
subobtuse. Corolla pale yellow, glabrous, scarcely exserted. Pod oblong-cylindrical,
|— | in. long, 6-12-seeded.

Var. 1. epunctata; leaves membranous pubescent not dotted, racemes very lax
3-6-flowered, calyx teeth all linear acuminate. C. epunctata, Dalz. in Kew Journ. iii.
210 ; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Flora, 56.— Southern Concan, Dalzell.

** Pod included or very slightly exserted.

24. C» nana, Burnt. Fl. Ind. 156, t. 48, fig. 2 ; leaves oblanceolate obtuse,
racemes capitate 6-12-flowered, calyx densely silky, upper teeth connate, pod
ovoid small glabrous sessile slightly exserted. DC. Prodr. ii. 127 ; W. <y A.
Prodr. 191 ; Dalz. c/ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 56. O. umbellata, Wight in Wall. Cat.
5383 ; W. 8? A. Prodr. 191 ; Dalz. cy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 56. 0. biflora, Herb.
Madr. in Wall. Cat. 5381, not of Linn. O. sobolifera, Grah. in Wall. Cat.
5420 B.

Western Peninsula and Ceylon, ascending to 6000 ft.

An annual 1 ft. or less high, with copious slender terete ascending or spreading
branches clothed with short silky hairs. Leaves £-1 in., moderately firm, thinly silky
above, densely so below, base subcuneate, stipules 0. Bracts and bracteoles minute,
subulate ; upper flowers often quasi-umbellate. Calyx |— £ in. long, densely clothed witli
long silky hairs ; teeth of lower lip narrow, acuminate. Corolla pale, not exserted. Pod
6-8-seeded, black when mature.

Var.. 1. patula ; leaves narrow linear, calyx more shortly silky. C. patula, Grah.
in Wall. Cat. 53 71. —Birma, Wallich, Griffith*

72 l. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) [Crotalaria.

2ft C linifolia, Linn. fl. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 128 ; leaves oblanceolate obtuse
rarely linear, raceir.ea elongated laxly 6-20-flowered, calyx shortly silky, upper
teeth connate, pod small ovoid-oblong sessile glabrous as long as calyx. Roxb.
Fl. Ind. ii. 266 ; Don Prodr. 241 ; Wall. Cat. 5400 in part ; W. # A. Prodr.
190 (excl. wri.) ; Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 56. 0. crespitosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind.
iii. 269. 0. montana, Ileyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 335 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 126, not of
Roxb. 0. spbolifera, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5420 A. 0. stenophylla, Vogel in
Nova Acta Nat. Cur. xix. Suppl. 7. 0. saxatilis, Zolling. in Flora, 1847, 694.
C. melanocarpa, Wall. Cat. 5382.

Tropical region: Sikkim, alt. 1-4000 ft. "Western Peninsula, Ceylon, Birma,
Pegu. — Distrib. Malay Isles, China, Philippines, N. Australia.

Annual, |— 2 ft. high, with copious slender firm terete branches clothed with short
adpressed silky hairs. Leaves shcrt-stalked, moderately firm, shortly silky, base sub-
cuneate ; stipules 0. Racemes usually terminal only, reaching £-1 ft. long ; bracts and
bracteoles subulate, very minute. Calyx £-£ in. long, deeply bilabiate, densely
shortly brown-silky ; teeth of upper lip very short, of lower deep linear. Corolla pale
yellow, glabrous, scarcely exserted. Pod 8-10-seeded, black when mature.

26. C. tecta, Roth; DC. Prodr. ii. 126 ; suffhiticose, thinly shortly silky,
leaves obtuse obovate-oblong, racemes lax terminal only, calyx middle-sized, up-
per teeth subeonnate, pod oblong as long as calyx. Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.
ii. 569. 0. viminea, Wall. Cat. 5397 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 189. 0. linifolia var.
Wall. Cat. 5400 B. 0. punctata var. Wall. Cat. 5401 B.

Western Peninsula, in the Concan, Nilgrtries, Pulney JVTts.

A low undershrub with numerous stiff terete erecto-patent branches, clothed with
short grey silky hairs. Leaves firm, ^—1^- in., cuneate in lower half, retuse or
emarginate at apex, glabrescent above, thinly silky below; stipules 0. Racemes 6-12-
flowered,^— ^ ft. long, usually distinctly stalked ; bracts and bracteoles linear, very mi-
nute. Calyx |— £ in. long, shortly velvety, lower teeth linear. Corolla pale yellow,
glabrous, equalling the calyx. Pod sessile, glabrous, 9-12-seeded.

27. C occulta, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5360 ; sufiruticose, shortly silky, leaves
oblanceolate-oblong usually acute, flowers in lax terminal racemes and often
solitary from leafy nodes, calyx middle-sized shortly silky, teeth all long, upper
broad rather obtuse, pod oblong included. Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 565.
C. rhizophylla, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5431.

Khasia Mts. and Silhet, alt. 3-5000 ft.

Stems 2-3 ft. high, annual ?, simple or with few or many virgate ascending branches
clothed with short adpressed silky hairs. Leaves firm, 2-3 in., subcuneate at base,
glabrous above, glaucous and obscurely silky beneath ; stipules setaceous very
minute. Terminal racemes G-20 -flowered, ^-^ ft. long ; bracts linear, minute. Calyx
^— | in. deep, densely clothed with short brown silky hairs ; upper teeth oblong-spath-
ul ate, .3— ^- in. broad. Corolla glabrous, deejp violet-blue, as long as the calyx. Pod
glabrous, sessile, 10-15-seeded.

.28. C. calycina, Schrank ; DC. jfaodr. ii. 129 ; annual, shortly silky, leaves
linear or lanceolate acute or rather obtuse, flowers few in lax racemes and solitary
from leafy nodes, calyx large densely clothed with long silky hairs, teeth all
long, upper broad rather obtuse, pod linear-oblong included. 0. stricta, Roxb. Fl.
Ind. iii, 265 not of Roth. 0. Roxburghiana, DC. Prodr. ii. 129. 0. anthylloides,
Don Prodr. 241 ; Wall. Cat. 5366 A. ex parte; W. fy A. Prodr. 181 ; Dalz. 8f
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 54, not of Lam. C. linearis, Herb. Madr. in Wall. Cat. 5370.
C. crinita, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5408. 0. salicifolia var..? Wall. Cat. 5359 B.

Tropical region, from the Himalayas to Ceylon, ascending to 5,500 ft. in Ku-
maon. — Distrib. Tropical Africa, Malay Isles, China, N. Australia.

Crotalaria.'] L. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) 73

Stems 1-2 ft. high, simple or with a few slender ascending branches clothed with
short adpressed silky hairs. Leaves moderately firm, usually 2-4 in., but in the linear
form 5-6 VD,, usually acute, glabrous above, obscurely silky beneath ; stipules subu-
late, very minute, deciduous. Terminal racemes 2-12-flowered, rarely reaching £ ft.
long; bracts and bracteoles large, lanceolate. Calyx f-1 in. long, persistently
densely clothed with long brown silky hairs ; lower teeth lanceolate-acuminate, upper
oblanceolate, f-^ in. broad. Corolla glabrous, pale yellow, shorter than the calyx. Pod
sessile, glabrous, £-f in. long, 20-30-seeded.

20. C. sessiliflora, Linn.; DC. Prodr. ii. 129 ; annual, shortly silky, leaves
linear acute rarely lanceolate, flowers in elongated racemes rarely solitary from
leafy nodes, calyx middle-sized densely clothed with long silky hairs, teeth all
long, upper lanceolate acute, pod oblong as long as the calyx. Benth. in Hook.
Loncl. Journ. ii. 565. 0. anthylloides, Lam. ; Wall. Cat. 5366 A. in part, B. 0.
0. venusta, Wall. Cat. 5365. 0. nepalensis, Link Enum. ii. 228. C. brevipes,
Champ, in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 44. 0. eriantha, Sieb. 8f Zucc. Fl. Jap. 13. C. Old-
hami, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lug. Bat. iii. 42.

Upper Punjab and along the base of the Himalayas to Assam, ascending to 5,500 ft.
in Kumaon ; Bibma, Wallich ; Pegu, McLelland. — Distbib. China, Philippines,
Japan.

Stems 1-2 ft. high, simple or furnished with few or many ascending branches.
Leaves moderately firm, narrowed to both ends, 2-6 in., glabrous above, thinly
silky below ; stipules setaceous, very minute. Floiuers deflexed, 2-20 to a raceme,
close; racemes reaching 6-9 in. long; bracts and bracteoles long, setaceous, persistent.
Calyx f-^- in. long, brown silky hairs long and dense, but not as much so as in caly-
cina ; teeth all acute, upper ^ in. broad. Corolla blue-white, glabrous, not exserted.
Pod glabrous, sessile, 10-15-seeded.

30. C. chinensis, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 130 ; annual, laxly silky, leaves
linear or oblanceolate obtuse or subacute, flowers 3-6 densely capitate all termi-
nal, calyx middle-sized, teeth long upper lanceolate, pod oblong as long as
calyx. Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 5QG (not of Roxb.)

Upper Gangetic Plain, Concan, Malabar, Pegu, and Tenasserim. — Distrib.
Sumatra, Philippines, China.

Stems 1-2 ft. high, usually with several stout ascending branches densely clothed
with long brown silky hairs. Leaves moderately firm, sparsely silky, 1-2 in., pale
below, base rather rounded ; stipules 0. Calyx f-^- in., densely laxly silky ; lower
teeth linear ; bracts and bracteoles linear, persistent. Corolla glabrous, not exserted.
Pod sessile, glabrous, 15-20-seeded.

31. C. speciosa, Heyne ; DC. Prodr. ii. 129 ; shrubby, densely silky, leaves
linear-oblong obtuse, flowers 6-12 densely capitate all terminal, calyx middle-
sized, teeth all long narrow acuminate, pod oblong included. Benth. in Hook.
Lond. Journ. ii. 564. 0. cephalotes, Herb. Madr. in Wall. Cat. 5373.

Mysore, Heyne.

Stems quite woody, with rigid erecto-patent branches, densely clothed with short
bright brown silky hairs. Leaves firm, 1-1 £ in., densely silky on both sides,
rounded at both ends ; stipules subulate * very minute. Heads copious, round, terminal,
usually with a leaf just beneath ; bracts lanceolate, as long as calyx, persistent velvety.
Calyx \ in. long, densely persistently velvety. Corolla as long as calyx, densely silky
on the outside. Pod sessile, glabrous, 10-12-seeded, much shorter than the calyx.

32. C. dubia, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5404; annual, shortly silky, leaves
obovate cuneate subacute, flowers 12-30 in dense terminal heads, calyx small
densely silky, teeth all long acuminate, pod oblong as long as calyx. Benth. in
Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 568.

74 I. leguminos2e. (J. G. Baker.) [Grotalaria.

"Western Peninsula, Stocks, Beddome. Chittagong, Hook. fil. §■ Thomson. Te-
nasserim, Griffith.

Stems 1-2 ft. high, simple or with many subpatent or arcuate-ascending branches.
Leaves membranous, 2-3 inches, cuneate in lower third, thinly silky above, pale
and densely silky beneath ; stipules minute, setaceous. Heads round or oblong, mostly
with a leaf just beneath ; bracts and bracteoles large, persistent, ovate-acuminate. Calyx
% in. deep ; pubescence long, pale brown, silky, very dense ; teeth linear or lanceolate.
Corolla glabrous, as long as calyx. Pod sessile, glabrous, 6-8-seecled.

33. C. capitata, Benth. MSS. ; shrubby, finely silky, leaves oblanceolate
subacute, flowers 6-20 in dense terminal heads, calyx middle-sized, teeth all
long, upper broad subacute, pod oblong included.

Khasia Mts., 5-7000 ft, Hook. fil. and Thomson, Lobb, Simons.

Branches caespitose from a perennial rootstock, 1-1 £ ft. long, slender, suberect,
mostly simple, clothed with short silky pubescence. Leaves firm, cuneate in the
lower half, 1-li in., green, glabrous above, densely shortly silky below ; stipules
0. Heads round or oblong, 1-2 in. long ; bracts and bracteoles small, linear, persistent.
Calyx ^ in. deep ; the vestiture and shape of teeth as in C. sessiliflora. Corolla deep
violet-blue, glabrous, as long as the calyx. Pod sessile, glabrous, not seen mature.

34. C. priestleyoides, Benth. MSS. ; shrubby, laxly silky, leaves ob-
lanceolate-oblong subacute, flowers few in dense terminal heads, calyx middle-
sized shaggy, teeth all long, upper lanceolate acute, pod oblong included.

Concan, Law, Stocks ; Anamaixays, Beddome.

A low undershrub with long ascending branches, densely clothed with moderately
long brown silky hairs. Leaves firm, subsessile, ^-1 in., glabrescent above, thinly
shaggy beneath, base rather rounded ; stipules 0. Heads 4-8-flowered ; bracts lanceo-
late, acuminate, persistent as the calyx. Calyx £- | in. long, as densely shaggy as in
C. calycina ; upper teeth £-% in. broad, lower linear. Corolla glabrous, as long as the
calyx. Pod sessile, glabrous, 10-15-seeded.

Sect. V. CS-laucse, Benth. Erect herbs or shrubs, glabrous throughout.
Stipules 0 or very minute deciduous. Racemes terminal.

35. C lutescens, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 34 ; herbaceous, bracts
linear very minute, calyx-teeth linear. C. peduncularis, Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb.
Flor. 55, not of Grah.

Concan, plains, Law, Balzell.

Stems erect, slender 1-3 ft. high. Leaves membranous, pale, nearly sessile, varying
from oblong obtuse to linear acute, reaching 4-6 in. Baceme laxly 6- 15 -flowered;
pedicels cernuous finally |-| in. long. Calyx § in. ; tube very short. . Corolla
yellow, twice the calyx ; standard ovate, conspicuously veined. Pod 1-1^ in. long ;
gynophore finally equalling calyx.

36. C. neriifolia, Wall. Cat. 6362; shrubby, bracts linear very minute,
calyx-teeth lanceolate. Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 560.

Ava ; mount Taong Dong, Wallich.

A shrub with slender terete branches. Leaves membranous, pale, nearly sessile,
lanceolate, rather rounded at the base, subobtuse, 3-4 in. Baeemes laxly 12-20-
flowered, reaching half a foot long ; pedicels slender, as long as calyx. Calyx | in.
long ; tube campanulate. Corolla nearly twice the calyx ; standard orbicular, obtuse.
Ovary linear, silky. Pod unknown.

37. C. peduncularis, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5369; bracts large ovate
acuminate persistent, calyx-teeth lanceolate. W. fy A. Prodr. 186 ; Benth. in
Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 480. C. elegans, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. iii. 178 ; Ic. PI.
Ind. Or. t. 106.

Crotalaria.] l. leguminos.e. (J. G. Baker.) 75

Nilghiris, at about 4000 ft. elevation, Wight, Beddome.

General habit of C. peduncularis. Zmw.smarrow-linear, short-stalked, reaching 5-6
in. Raceme laxly 12-20 -flowered, finally a foot long; lower pedicels |-1 in. long ;
bracts reflexed, shorter than the pedicels. Calyx § in. ; teeth one-third the tube.
Corolla smaller than in the last ; standard the same shape and colour. Pod l\-2 in.
long ; gynophore finally exceeding the calyx.

Sect. VI. Erectee, JBenth. Erect herbs or shrubs, the foliage more or less
silky or pubescent. Stipules 0, or small, not decurrent. Racemes rarely other
thau terminal. Pods glabrous, several times longer than the calyx.

88. C reltusa, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 125 ; branches and calyx subglabrous,
stipules subulate very minute, leaves obtuse glabrous above puberulent below,
bracts subulate, corolla much exserted. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 272 ;' Rot. Mag. t.
2561 ; Rot. Reg. t. 253 ; Wall. Cat. 5405 ; W. 8f A. Prodr. 187 ; Dak. $ Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 55. Lupinus cochlrtchinensis, Lour. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 410 — Rheede.
Mai. ix. t. 25.

Tropical region ; Himalayas to Ceylon and Malacca, but often cultivated.
Distrib. China, Malaya, N. Australia, Trop. Africa and America, in both the last
doubtfully wild.

A robust undershrub 3-4 ft. high, with stout striated branches. Leaves short
stalked, oblanceolate-oblong, moderately firm, cuneate at the base, 1^—3 in. Racemes
laxly 12-20-flowered; pedicels shorter than calyx. Calyx §-i in. ; teeth lanceolate,
twice campanulate tube. Corolla nearly twice calyx, yellow tinged with purple.
Pod linear-oblong, l-l£ in. long, distinctly stalked, 15-20-seeded.

39. C. *>ericea, Retz.; DC. Prodr. ii. 126 ; branches and calyx subglabrous,
stipules leafy persistent, leaves subacute or obtuse glabrous above finely silky
"beneath, brads ovate foliaceous, corolla much exserted. W. Sr A. Prodr.
186; Wall. Cat. 5406 ; Roxb. Fl. Lid. iii. 273, not of Burm. ; Dalz. $ Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 55. O. special ilis, Roth. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 125. O. macrophylla,
Weinm. Syll. ii. 26. O. cuneifolia, Schrank Syll. ii. 78. «

Tropical region ; through India proper, ascending to 3000 ft. in Kumaon.
Malacca, Griffith. Pegu, McClelland. *

Habit and branches of C. retusa. Leaves oblaneeolate-oblong, moderately firm in
texture, 3-6 in., cuneate at the base. Racemes laxer, 20-40-flowered, often a
foot long ; bracts persistent, reflexed ; pedicels exceeding calyx. Calyx ^ in. ; teeth
lanceolate, twice campanulate tube. Corolla half as long again as calyx, generally
purplish. Pod 1-2 in. long, distinctly stalked, |-| in. broad.

40. C. assamica, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 481 ; branches and
calyx silky, stipules minute subulate, leaves acute glabrous above finely silky
below, bracts linear-lanceolate minute, corolla much exserted. C. Burmanni,
DC. Prodr. ii. 126 ? 0. sericea, Burm. Fl. Lnd. t. 48, fig. 1 ?

Khasia Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft., Book. fil. $ Thomson, Lobb ; Assam, Mrs. Mack. —
Distrib. Philippines, Cuming, 1886.

General habit just that of the two preceding, to which it is allied closely. Leaves
oblanceolate-oblong, short-stalked, moderately firm, 2-4 in. long, cuneate at the base.
Racemes laxly 2 0-30 -flowered reaching a foot long ; lower pedicels equalling calyx.
Calyx \— | in. ; teeth lanceolate, twice campanulate tube. Corolla f in. deep, golden-
yellow. Pod 1^-2 in. long, distinctly stalked.

41. C. XLurzii, Bake)' ; branches and calyx silky, stipules minute subulate,
leaves acute glabrous above finely silky below, bracts Unear-lanceolate minute,
corolla not exserted. Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. vol. xlii. pt. 2, p. 229.

Pegu, Kurz, No. 1664.

Closely allied to C. assamica, from which it differs mainly in calyx and corolla, the

76 l. leguminos-e. (J. G. Baker.) [Crotalovria.

former being the same size, but cleft more deeply, with narrower teeth and the latter
much smaller. Leaves rather more coriaceous, 3-4 in., narrowed from the middle
to both ends, theadpressed brown pubescence of the underside coarser and less silky.
Pod oblong, glabrous, distinctly stalked.

42. C. Xieschenaultii, DC. Frodr. ii. 125; branches and calyx sub-
glabrous, stipules minute lanceolate, leaves obtuse glabrous above densely grey-
sijjiy below, bracts ovate persistent, corolla much exserted. W. c/ A. Prodr. 186 ;
Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 481 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 44 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 54. C. lupiniflora, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5407.

Nilghiris and highest Ghauts of Concan.

General habit of the three preceding, to which it is closely allied. Leaves oblan-
ceolate-oblong, subcoriaceous, 3-4 in., cuneate at the base, clothed beneath with
thick white silky pubescence. Racemes rather densely 20-30-flowered, reaching £ ft.
long ; bracts like those of C. sericea but smaller ; lower pedicels as long as the calyx.
Calyx \ in. ; teeth lanceolate, twice campanulate tube. Corolla yellow, f in. deep.
Pod distinctly stalked, linear-oblong, 1£ in. long. — A specimen from Earn Ghaut,
Ritchie, perhaps distinct, has subulate bracts and leaves finely silky beneath.

43. C. formosa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5393 ; branches and calyx densely
silky, stipules lanceolate minute, leaves obtuse glabrous above densely silky
beneath, bracts linear silky persistent, corolla not exserted. W. fy A. Frodr.
186 ; Wt. 1c. t. 981 ; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 481.

NlLGHIRIS.

Dwarfer and more branched than the four preceding, with woody stems densely
clothed with grey or yellow-brown silky hairs. Leaves oblanceolate-oblong, 2-3 in.
moderately firm, short-stalked, cuneate at the base. Racemes very dense, 1-2 in.,
long ; pedicels -^-| in., densely silky. Calyx shaggy, ^— § in. ; teeth deep, lanceolate-
deltoid. Pod oblong, 1^-1 \ in. long, distinctly stalked.

44 C« barbate, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5394; shrubby, stipules 0, leaves
oblauceolate-obiong subacute thinly silky above densely silky beneath, racemes
simple 6-12-flowered, bracts minute lanceolate, pedicels as long as calyx, pod
stalked. W. § A. Prodr. 181 ; Wt. Ic. t. 980 ; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.
ii. 483.

Nixghiris ; Travancor, ascending to 6000 feet, Beddome.

Sparingly branched. Branches woody, clothed with ascending dark brown silky
hairs. Leaves like those of C. sericea in shape and size, moderately firm, short-stalked,
cuneate at the base. Racemes finally half a foot long ; pedicels £-f in., densely
silky, not bracteolate at the middle. Calyx f in., deeply bilabiate, densely shaggy
with dark brown silky hairs ; teeth of lower lip linear, equalling limb. Corolla scarce
exserted. Pod l£ in. long by half as broad, ] 5-20-seeded.

45. C. long-ipes, W. fy A. Prodr. i. 183 ; shrubby, stipules 0, leaves
obovate-oblong rather obtuse both sides minutely silky, racemes copiously
panicled, bracts foliaceous ovate, pedicels as long as calyx, pod stalked. Benth.
in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 483.

Nilghiris.

A stiff undershrub with a straight woody stem, copiously paniculately branched.
Branches densely clothed with short ferruginous silky hairs. Leaves coriaceous, short-
stalked, more or less rounded at base, vestiture thin and shining, lower 3-4 in.
Flowers 3-4, close together near the top of numerous rigid branches ; bracts copious,
reflexed, foliaceous. Calyx £ in., densely clothed with brown silky hairs, deeply
bilabiate ; lower teeth reaching half way down. Corolla f-| in. ; standard silky on
the back. Pod linear-oblong, \-\\ in. long, 10-12-seeded, narrowed into a long
gynophore. — Except for the glabrous pod, its affinity is with C. madurensis.

Crotalaria.'] l. leguminosj;. (J. G. Baker.) 77

46. C. peruana, Benth. MSS. ; shrubby, stipules 0, leaves oblong-
lanceolate both sides obscurely silky, racemes prolonged into the axils of
numerous leaves, bracts subulate very minute, pod sessile.

Pegu ; near Rangoon, McClelland.

Branches slender, terete, finely puberulent or glabrescent. Leaves nearly sessile,
3-4 in., narrowed to both ends, firm and thinly silky on both sides in exposure,
but membranous and glabrous above in a shade form ; lower pedicels as long as
the calyx. Flowers beside the lax terminal racemes springing solitary or in pairs
from many of the leaf-bearing nodes. Calyx f in. ; teeth long, linear-lanceolate.
Corolla scarcely exserted. Pod cylindrical, § in. long, 10-12-seeded.

47. C. salicifolia, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 5359 A. ; herbaceous, stipules 0,
leaves oblong or lanceolate acute both sides shortly silky, racemes long-stalked
simple few-flowered, bracts minute lanceolate, pedicels as long as calyx, pod
stalked. W. 8f A. Prodr. 182 ; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 482.

Western Peninsula, Heyne.

Stem stiff, sparingly branched, densely clothed with short ascending ferruginous
silky hairs. Leaves ceasing a space below the inflorescence, lower oblong or
oblanceolate-oblong, upper linear-lanceolate reaching 3-4 in., both sides clothed
with hairs like those of the stem. Flowers near the end of long branches.
Calyx \ in. deep, densely coated with bright brown velvety hairs ; teeth linear, all
very long. Corolla bright yellow, not exserted. Pod lg-2 in. long, half as broad.

48. C. lanata, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. iii. 178 ; Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 105 ;
shrubby, stipules foliaceous \ -lunate, leaves large oblong, racemes not panicled,
bracts minute lanceolate, pedicels short, pod stalked.

Western Peninsula.; Anamallay and Pulney Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft., Beddome.

A shrub 12-15 feet high, with the habit, stipules and inflorescence of C. semper-
Jlorens. Branches stout, densely clothed with short brown pubescence. Leaves dis-
tinctly stalked, membranous, very large, green and glabrous above, thinly matted
beneath. Calyx |— § in. long, densely silky ; teeth linear-lanceolate, twice the tube.
Corolla yellow, much exserted. Pod 'glabrous ' (Beddome) oblong, 1|— 1| in. long.

Sect. VII. "Eriocarpae, Benth. Erect shrubs, the foliage more or less silky
or pubescent. Leaves simple, stipules not decurrent. Racemes terminal only or
both terminal and lateral, in one group copiously panicled. Pods silky or
velvety, many or few-seeded exserted or included.

*Flower8 racemed.

49. C. verrucosa, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 125 ; branches acutely angled,
stipules foliaceous ^-lunate, leaves ovate the base deltoid usually obtuse, racemes
lateral and terminal not panicled, pod stalked obscurelv downy 4-6 times the
calyx. Bot. Mag. t. 3034 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 187 ; Wt. Ic. t. 200 ; Dalz. $
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 55. 0. angulosa, Lamk. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 273. 0. ccerulea,
Jacq. Ic. 1. 144. 0. acuminata, G. Don. Gard. Diet. ii. 134. — Rheede Hort. Mai.
ix. t. 29.

Tropical region ; Himalayas to Ceylon (reaching 2000 ft. in Sikkim) ; Birma,
Wallich; Peou, McClelland; Malacca, Griffith. — Distrib. China, Malaya, Trop.
Africa, Mauritius, Trop. America.

Copiously branched, scarcely shrubby, 2-3 feet high. Branches at first puberulent,
soon glabrescent. Leaves thin, obscurely downy beneath, reaching 4-6 in., casually
acute. Racemes moderately close, 12-20 -flowered, ^ foot or more long; bracts linear,
very minute; pedicels equalling or shorter than calyx. Calyx £ in., obscurely

78 l. leguminosj!. (J.G.Baker.) [[Grotalaria.

downy; teeth lanceolate, twice tube. Corolla twice calyx, yellow, white and blue.
Pod finely pubescent, 1-1^- in. long, 10-12-seeded.

60. C. semperflorens, Vent. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 125 ; branches terete,
stipules foliaceous ^-lunate, leaves oblong rounded at base acute or obtuse,
racemes lateral and terminal not panicled, pod stalked obscurely downy 4-5
times the calyx. Wall. Cat. 5391. 0. WaUichiana, W. $ A. Prodr. 187;
Wt. Ic. t. 082. 0. Arnottiana, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 560.

Tropical region; Nilghiris. — Distrib. Java.

More shrubby than C. verrucosa. Branches sulcate and puberulent when young,
soon glabrescent and terete. Leaves 2-4 in., moderately firm, green and glabrous
above, pale and shortly downy below, distinctly petiolate. Inflorescence like that of
C. verrucosa ; bracts minute, subulate ; pedicels |— §• in., finely downy. Calyx §-£ in.,
more or less densely puberulent ; teeth linear, twice the campanulate tube. Corolla
£- 1 in., bright yellow. Pod 1^—2 in. long, finely downy, 10-12-seeded.

Var. 1. Walkeri ; stipules mostly subulate minute, leaves firmer smaller more
acute nearly or quite glabrescent beneath. C. Walkeri, Arnott in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur.
xviii. 308. C. semperflorens, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 560. Ceylon, 4-7000
feet. — Looks generally quite distinct, but Gardner's No. 560 connects it with the type.

51. C. Keyneana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5414 ; branches terete, stipules
small ^-lunate, leaves oblong acute narrowed at base, racemes lateral and
terminal not panicled, pod subsessile obscurely downy 3-4 times the calyx.
W. fy A. Prodr. 187 ; Bent/f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 560 ; Bot. Mag. t.
5974.

AVestern Peninsula ; Mysore, Travancor, and Canara.

General habit of C. semperflorens, of which it is most likely a mere variety. Branches
woody, slender, soon glabrescent. - Leaves membranous, distinctly petioled, 3-4 in.,
narrowed at both ends, hardly at all puberulent ; stipules smaller. Inflorescence and
bracts identical ; pedicels 4_-^ in., slender, faintly puberulent. Calyx §• in. ; teeth
lanceolate, very deep. Corolla slightly exserted. Pod 1^— 1£ in. long, clothed with
deciduous fine pubescence, 10-12-seeded.

52. C. leptostachya, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 562 ; branches
angular, stipules 0 or minute subulate, leaves lanceolate acuminate, racemes
lateral and terminal not panicled, pod oblong sessile densely velvety 2-3 times
the calyx.

"Western Peninsula ; Concan, Jacquemont, Stocks, Law.

A stiff erect shrub with the habit and slender sulcate thinly silky branches of
C. juncea and tetragona. Leaves 4-6 in., membranous, green, thinly clothed on both
sides with shining brown silky hairs, rather rounded at the base. Bacemes laxly 12-20-
fiowered, reaching £ ft. long ; bracts lanceolate verm minute. Calyx \ in., densely
silky ; teeth linear, very deep. Corolla yellow, not exlerted. Pod 5-6-seeded, £-f in.
long.

53. C t •3trag,o»a5 Poxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 263 ; branches angular, stipules 0
or minute subulate, leaves large linear or lanceolate acuminate, racemes lateral
and terminal not panicled, pod linear-oblong short-:? bilked rarely 2-3 times the
calyx. Andr. Bot. liep. t. 51)3 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 128 ; Wall. Cat. 5367, A-O. ;
W. § A, Prodr. 185. O. grandiflora, Zolling. in Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 333.

Kumaon (up to 3500 ft.), and along the Himalayas to Sikkim and Assam. Pegu,
McClelland. — Distrib. Java.

A stiff shrub, reaching 6 ft. high, with sulcate thinly silky slender erecto-patent
branches. Leaves short-stalked, distant, membranous, both sides thinly silky or
glabrescent, reaching £-1 ft. Bacemes laxly 6-10-flowered, half a foot or more long;

Crotalaria.] L. leguminos^e. (J. G. Baker.) 79

bracts minute, linear. Calyx f-1 in. long, densely brown-velvety ; teeth very long,
linear or lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla lemon-yellow, glabrous, little exserted. Pod
l£-2 in. long, densely persistently dark-brown and velvety, 12-20-seeded.

54. C. jiimeea, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 125 ; branches terete multisulcate,
stipules 0 or minute subulate, leaves linear or oblong rather obtuse, race
lateral and terminal not panicled, pod oblong sessile velvety twice the ci?
Bot. Mag. t. 490 ; Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 193 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 259 ; Wall. Cat. 5409
W. $ A. Prodr. 185 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 54. C. fenestrata, Bot. Mag.
t. 1933. 0. benghalensis, Lamk. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 125 : Wall. Cat. 5395. 0.
tenuifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 263; DC. Prodr. ii. 126; Wall. Cat. 5368.
C. porrecta, Wall. Cat. 5363. 0. viminea, Wall. Cat. 5397 B. 0. sericea,
Willd. not of Retz.—Rheede Hart. Mai. ix. t. 26.

Plains from the Himalayas to Ceylon, but often planted for its fibre. Burma,
Wallich ; Pegu, McClelland. — Distrib. Malay isles, Australia.

A stiff shrub several feet high, with slender virgate rigid thinly silky branches.
Leaves rather distant, firm, linear or oblong, usually 1^-3 in., shining on both
sides with thin short brown silky hairs. Bacemes loosely 12-20-flowered, reaching a
foot long ; bracts minute, linear. Calyx ^~ % in. long, densely clothed with ferru-
ginous velvety hairs ; teeth linear-lanceolate, very deep. Corolla bright yellow,
glabrous, slightly exserted. Pod 1-1^ in. long, clothed with short-spreading persistent
silky hairs, 10-15-seeded. Yields Sun fibre.

55. C. obtecta, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5372 ; branches terete, stipules 0
or minute deciduous, leaves oblong obtuse, racemes terminal and lateral not
panicled, pod stalked densely velvety twice the calyx. W. 8f A. Prodr. 185 ;
Ic. t. 208 and 383. 0. tetragona, Wall. Cat. 5367 D.

Western Peninsula ; Nilghiris and Cochin.

A tall shrub, with curved woody branches densely clothed with short brown silky
hairs. Leaves short-stalked, coriaceous, 2-4-in., both sides more or less silky.
Bacemes rather close, 12— 20-flowered ; bracts minute, lanceolate. Calyx f-1 in.,
densely velvety, deeply bilabiate ; teeth linear. Corolla slightly exserted ; standard
silky on the back. Pod 1^-2 in. long, 10-12-seeded, densely coated with dark brown
velvety pubescence.

Vab. 1. glabrescens ; branches and leaves glabrescent. C. glabrescens, Benth.
in Hook. Lond. Joum. ii. 563. — Carnatic, near Courtallum, Wight.

** Flowers panicled.

56. C. madurensis, Wight in Wall. Cat. 5376; leaves ovate-oblong
closely silky, stipules 0, racemes panicled, bracts round cuspidate subdeciduous,
calyx-teeth narrow, corolla exserted, pod many-seeded much exserted. W. 8f A.
Prodr. 184 ; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Joum. ii. 563. 0. candicans, W. 8f A.
Prodr. 184.

Nilghiris and Madura hills, in the Carnatic.

A stiff erect undershrub, copiously paniculately branched. Branches clothed with
short dense brown silky hairs *t?£taves short-petioled, obtuse, subcoriaceous, broadly
rounded at base, 2-4 in., clothed on both sides with fine very short shining silky
hairs. Bracts fewer and more deciduous than in other panicled Eriocarpse. Calyx
£ in. deep, densely silky, deeply bilabiate ; teeth narrow, acuminate, two upper
lanceolate. Corolla f in. ; standard rather pointed, densely silky on the back. Pod
short-stalked, nearly glabrescent, 10-12-seeded, 1 in. long.

57. C. subperfoliata, Wight in Wall. Cat. 5377 ; leaves oblong acute
closely silky, stipules 0, racemes panicled, bracts round spreading persistent,

80 l LEGUMiNOsa:. (J. G. Baker.) [Crotalaria.

calyx-teeth narrow, corolla twice calyx, pod many-seeded much exserted.
W. § A. Prodr. 184 ; JSenth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 563.

Carnatic ; Dindygul hills alt. 2000 ft., Wight.

General habit and inflorescence just as in C. madurensis, to which it is closely
allied. Leaves thinner, narrowed to a point, less rounded at the base, 2-4 in. long.
Winches densely clothed with short spreading silky hairs ; bracts sometimes opposite,
^ in. long, densely silky on the back. Calyx \- § in. deep, finely silky ; teeth lanceo-
late, acuminate, with reflexed borders. Corolla f-f in. ; standard rather pointed, silky
on the back. Pod oblong, stalked, twice the calyx, with 12 or more seeds.

C?« Hilva, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 266 ; leaves oblanceolate closely silky,

stipules 0 or minute subulate, racemes panicled, bracts ovate cuspidate, calyx-

• teeth broad foliaceous, corolla slightly exserted, pod oblong 2-seeded included.

Wall. Cat. 5375; W. ' $ A. Pi-odr. 183; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 54. 0.

pulchra, DC. Prodr. ii. 126, not of Andrews. O. grandis, Hort. Calcutt.

Maisob, the Concan, Nilghiris, and Ceylon. — Distrib. Java, Sumatra, and
naturalised in the Seychelles and Mauritius.

A stiff erect shrub 3-5 feet, copiously paniculately branched. Branches densely
clothed with short brown silky hairs. Leaves nearly sessile, subcoriaceous, 3-4 in.
long, obtuse or subacute, cuneate at the base, shining on both sides, with a silky lustre
from minute hairs. Branches elongated with several bracts flowerless. Calyx ^-| in.
deep, densely silky, with a pair of conspicuous bracteoles ; upper teeth oblong, lower
lanceolate. Corolla f-1 in. ; standard rather pointed, densely silky on the back.
Pod thinly silky, sessile, about as long as the calyx.

59. C. pulcherrima, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 267 ; leaves oblanceolate-oblong
closely silky, stipules 0, racemes panicled, bracts copious ovate-acuminate
reflexed, upper calyx-teeth broad foliaceous, corolla scarcely exserted, pod
oblong included 5-6-seeded. Bot. Mag. t. 2027 ; Wall. Cat. 5374 ; DC. Prodr.
ii. 125 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 184 ; Wt. Ic. t. 481. O. pulchra, Andr. Bot. Rep.,
t. 601, not of DC.

NlLGHIRIS.

A stiff erect shrub 3-4 ft. high, copiously paniculately branched. Leaves nearly
sessile, subcoriaceous, obtuse or subacute, cuneate at the base, 3-4 in. long, shining on
both sides with dense short close brown silky hairs. Flowers few, near the top of the
branches ; bracts numerous, large, reflexed, persistent ; pedicels short, densely silky.
Calyx |-f in. long ; upper segments oblong, lower lanceolate ; standard silky on the
■ back. Pod oblong, bright brown, sessile, as long as the calyx.

60. C. lunulata, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 5378 ; leaves oblanceolate acute
loosely silky, stipules small obtuse, racemes panicled, bracts copious persistent
like the stipules, calyx-teeth narrow, corolla twice the calyx, pod oblong
1-seeded scarcely exserted. W. ty A. Prodr. 183 ; Wight Ic'. t. 480 ; Benth. in
Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 564.

Tanjore, in the Carnatic ; Ceylon.

A stiff erect undershrub, copiously paniculately branched, clothed with dense
spreading brown silky hairs. Leaves short-petioled, moderately firm, densely silky,
cuneate at the base, usually 1-2 in. Branches elongated, with numerous am-
plexicaul reflexed small bracts below the flowers. Calyx densely silky, f-£ in. long ;
teeth long, all linear, the edges slightly recurved. Corolla f-J in. ; standard rather
pointed, thinly silky on the back. Pod sessile, finely silky, as long as the calyx.

61. C. ramosissima, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 268 ; leaves small oblanceolate
densely silky, stipules 0, racemes panicled, bracts lanceolate persistent, calyx-
teeth narrow, corolla little exserted, pod 1-seeded scarcely exserted. W. 8f A.

Grotalaria.'] l. leguminos-E. (J. G. Baker.) 81

Prodr. 183. 0. tomentosa, Rottl. in Wall. Cat. 5380. 0. pellita, Bert. ; DC.
Prodr. ii. 128 ? 0. Canipbellii, Am. in Wight. Cat. 2316.

Western Peninsula, Bottler, Heyne ; interior of Bengal, Roxburgh.

Shrubby, erect, much branched. Stems a foot or less high, densely coated, like the
leaves, with thick silky brown hairs. Leaves crowded, subsessile, subobtuse, thick,
cuneate at the base, |-1 in. long. Branches densely pubescent, generally short. Bracts
not abundant, small, falcate, silky on the back, black and viscous on the face. Calyx
£ in. long; teeth long, linear, with reflexed edges. Corolla f in. ; standard pointed,
silky on the back. Pod sessile, as long as the calyx, oblong, densely silky.

Cv2. €J. paniculata, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 12G; leaves small oblanceo-
late loosely silky, stipules linear, racemes panicled, bracts copious persistent
falcate linear-subulate, calvx-teeth narrow, corolla exserted, pod 1-2-seeded
scarcely exserted. Ro.vb. Fl. Ind. iii. 274 ; Wall. Cat. 5379 ; W. $ A. Prodr.
183. C. chinensis, LamJc. Diet. ii. 105, not of Linn. Ononis glutinosa, Mart,
in Denk. Acad. Mun. vi. 155.

Carnatic, near Vellore. — Distrib. Java.

Shrubby, 2-3 feet high, with very numerous stiff ascending branches, clothed with
loose brown silky hairs. Leaves 1-1^ in. long, obtuse, loosely silky, cuneate at the base,
nearly sessile ; stipules just like the very copious bracts, conspicuous, falcate, with
reflexed glandular margins. Branches short, with a few flowers near the end. Calyx
-| in. ; teeth long, silky on the back, lanceolate or linear with recurved viscous edges
like the bracts and bracteoles. Corolla \— § in. ; standard very silky on the back.
Pod oblong, sessile, finely silky.

Group 8. Ti ifoliolafcSB jDispemise. Leaves 3-foliolate. Pod ob-
liquely subglobose, smaH, sessile, 2-seeded. Perennial herbs or undershrubs.
Cyrtolobus, R. Br.

63. C. medicag'iziea, Lamh. Diet. ii. 201 ; herbaceous, branches slender
diffuse thinly clothed with adpressed sillry hairs, petiole shorter than the small
oblanceolate leaflets, racemes 2-6-fiowered, corolla twice the calyx. W. § A.
Prodr. 192 ; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 577 ; TJnvaites Enum. 82 ; Boiss.
Fl. Orient, ii. 2G. 0. procumbens, Ro.vb. Hort. Beng. 98 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 278, et
Wall. Cat. 5437, in part. 0. foliosa, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 131. 0. divaricata,
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5436. 0. virgata, Mart. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 131. Indigofera
capitata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5490.

Tropical region, from the "West Himalayas to Ceylon and Blrma, ascending to
6000 ft. in Kashmir. — Distrib. Malay isles, Afghanistan, China and Australia. 1

A diffuse perennial, with slender much-branched stems, ty-1 ft. long, thinly silky
upwards. Stipules setaceous, very minute, deciduous ; leaflets J— * in. long, retuso
emarginate, glabrous above, obscurely silky below. Racemes copious, terminal and
leaf-opposed ; peduncles exceeding the leaves ; bracts minute, linear. Calyx thinly
silky, campamilate, £ in. deep ; tCith linear, exceeding the tube. Corolla yellow. Pod
^ in. long, glabrescent.

Var. 1. hcrniarioides ; stems prostrate very slender, leaflets very small nearly
or quite as broad as long, peduncles short 1-3-flowered. C. herniarioides, W. & A.
Prodr. 192.

Var. 2. neglecta; branches more robust and more ascending than in the type,
racemes 6-9-flowered, leaflets rather larger. C. neglecta, W. $ A. Prodr. 192. C.
procumbens, Roxb. $ Wall, ex parte.

Var. 3. luxurians ; stems much stronger, 2-3 ft. high, petioles reaching i in.
long, terminal leaflet f-1 in., racemes 6-12-flowered. C. luxurians, Benth. in Hook.
Lond. Journ. ii. 578. C. medicaginea, Hamilt. in Wall. Cat. 5434.

64. C. Willdenoviana, DC. Prodr. ii. 134 ; herbaceous or suffruticose,

YOL. II. g

82 L. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) [Crotalaria.

"branches often stiff clothed with short fine down, petiole shorter than the small
ohlanceolate leaflets, racemes 3-6-flowered, corolla thrice the calyx. W. fy A.
Prodr. 191 ; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 579. 0. spartioides, Spreng. j Wall.
Cat. 5435. 0. genistoides, Willd. Sp. PL iii. 987, non Lamk.

Western Peninsula.

Perennial, reaching 2-3 ft. high, with very numerous ascending elongated branches.
Stipules small, setaceous, persistent; leaflets f-4 in. long, firm, obtuse, emarginate,
silky on both sides. Racemes copious, terminal and lateral ; bracts minute, linear-
setaceous, persistent. Calyx £ in. long finely downy; teeth linear, exceeding the
tube. Corolla yellow ; keel with a narrower and longer beak than in the last. Pod
pubescent, £ in. long.

Co. C trifoliastrum, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 983 ; herbaceous, branches elong-
ated ascending finely downy, petioles exceeding the obovate-oblong leaflets,
racemes elongated Vi 40-fiowered, corolla thrice the calvx. Roxb. Fl. Ind.
iii. 277 ; Wall. Cat. 6433, e.rcl. G. JET. ; W. $ A. Prodr. 191 ; Wight Ic. t. 421.
O. virgata," -Ro.i-6. in E. I. C. Mas. tab. 373. 0. medicaginea, DC. Prodr. ii. 133.
O. stricta, Roth. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 133. Lupinus trifoliatus, Rottl. in Nov. Act.
Per. it. 223, t. 5. 0. stipitata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5425, A.

Assam and "Western Peninsula.

An erect perennial 2-3 ft. high, with numerous erecto-patent slender branches.
Petioles an inch or more; stipules minute, setaceous ; leaflets membranous, ^—1 in.
long, glabrous above, obscurely silky below, obtuse at the point, often deeply emar-
ginate. Racemes copious, both terminal and lateral, short-peduncled, reaching 4-6 in.
long ; bracts minute, setaceous. Calyx £ in. long, finely silky ; teeth linear, twice the
length of the tube. Corolla yellow, glabrous. Pod subquadrangular, sessile, thinly
silky, £ in. long.

G6. C. Notonii, W. & A. Prodr. 192 ; shrubby, branchlets elongated ob-
scurely silky, leaflets middle-sized obovate-oblong, racemes closely 12-20-
flowered, corolla 2-3 times the calyx. Wight Ic. t. 752. 0. trifoliastrum, Wall.
Cat. 5432, G. 0. rostrate, W. 8f A. Pi-odr. 191.

Nilghiris and Pulnky Mountains.

Branches firm, ascending, terete, clothed with minute grey silky hairs. Stipules
setaceous, persistent, £ in. ; petioles shorter thah the leaflets ; leaflets cuneate in the
lower half, reaching I-I5- in. long, green and glabrous above, thinly silky below.
Racemes copious, short-peduncled lateral and terminal, 1-3 in. long ; bracts small,
setaceous. Calyx thinly silky, £ in. long ; teeth lanceolate, equalling the tube.
Corolla yellow ; keel with a very long beak. Pod | in. long, subquadrangular, thinly
silky.

67. C rig'ida, Heyne; DC. Prodr. ii. 133; shrubby, branchlets short stiff
obscurely silky, leaflets minute obcordate, racemes 2-6-flowered, corolla 2-3
limes the calyx. W. fy A. Prodr. 191.

Carnatic, Heyne, G. Thomson.

A low shrub with very numerous woody subpatent branches, the old ones glabre-
scent, the copious branchlets almost spiny in old plants. Stipules setaceous, very
minute ; petiole very short ; leaflets pale green, thick, obscurely silky, not more than
J- in. long. Racemes copious, close, all terminal ; bracts linear, very minute. Calyx
-£ in. long, thinly silky ; teeth lanceolate, equalling the tube. Corolla yellow, glabrous ;
beak of keel long and narrow. Pod ^ in. long, thinly silky.

Group 9. TrifoJ.ioIataj Folyspermse. Leaves 3-foliolate. Pod ob-
long or cylindrical; .talked or sessile, glabrous or pubescent, many-seeded. Herbs
or shrubs.

Crotalaria.'] l. leguminos.e. (J. G. Baker.) 83

68. C orixensis, Rottl. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 131 ; herbaceous, diffuse, thinly
hairy, leaflets obovate-oblong obtuse, racemes very lax, bracts foliaceous per-
sistent, corolla small scarcely exserted, pod oblong- glabrous long-stalked. Roxb.
Sort Beng. 98; Fl. Ind.' 'iii. 276; Wall. Cat. 5426; W. § A. Prodr. 103 j
Dalz. # Oibs. Bomb. Fl. 57. C. macropoda, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 157.

Plains throughout the "Western Peninsula. — Distrib. Abyssinia. ,

Perennial, with spreading slender copiously-branched stems, 1-H ft. long, clothed
with short spreading brown hairs, which are bulbous at the base. Stipidcs linear,
persistent ; petiole ^-1 in. ; leaflets 1-H in. long, moderately firm, glabrous above,
thinly clothed with long hairs below. Lateral racemes numerous, 3-1 2- flowered ;
bracts large, ovate-acuminate, reflexed ; pedicels filiform, 3-4 times the calyx. Calyx
£ in. long ; teeth linear, long. Pod £—| in. long, 8-10-seeded, with a stalk as long
as the calyx. — The only representative of the Diffusa in the trifoliolate series.

69. C. laevigata, Lawk. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 131 ; fruticose, obscurely downy,
leaflets obovate-oblong obtuse, racemes terminal 2-4-iiowered, bracts minute
setaceous, corolla 2-3 times the calyx, pod oblong glabrous long-stalked. Benth.
in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 576. 0. stipitata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5425, B. ; W.
cy A. Prodr. 193.

Plains of the Western Peninsula.

A small shrub, with long slender terete erecto-patent branches, finely downy or
glabrescent. Stipules minute, setaceous, deciduous ; petiole as long as leaves ; leaflets
4— H in. long, green and glabrous above, pale and obscurely silky below. Racemes
subcorymbose at the end of copious branchlets ; pedicels cernuous, bracteolate, thinly
silky. Calyx -*- in. deep, thinly silky ; teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla
yellow, |— | in. ; keel with a very long beak. Pod £-| in. long, 8-10-seeded, with_a
stalk as long as the calyx.

70. C. incana, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 132 ; suffruticose, loosely downy,
leaflets obovate obtuse, racemes terminal and lateral elongated, bracts minute,
corolla slightly exserted, pod subsessile cylindrical loosely pubescent. Bot. Reg.
t. 377. 0. afimis, DC. Prodr. ii. 132. 0. Schimperi, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i.
151. 0. herbacea, Schweig. in Schranck Syll. ii. 77.

Kumaon ; 5000 ft, Strachey and Winterbottom, Edgeworth ; Ceylon, Gardner,
&c. Perhaps naturalised only. — Distrib. Malay isles, Trop. Africa and America,
common.

An undershrub, 2-4 ft. high, with robust terete branches, the whole plant, including
calyx and pod, clothed with fine spreading brown silky hairs. Stipzdes setaceous,
minute ; leaflets 1^—2 in. long, very obtuse, cuneate in the lower half, membranous.
Racemes closely 1 2-20-flowered, reaching 6-9 in. long. Calyx \ in. long ; teeth long,
lanceolate. Pods deflexed, rather recurved, 1-1 ^ in. long, 20-30-seeded.

71. C. clavata, W. cy A. Prodr. 194 ; shrubby, obscurely downy, leaflets
obovate obtuse, racemes terminal and lateral elongated, bracts minute setaceous,
corolla much exserted, pod thinly silky oblong-cylindrical short-stalked. Benth.
in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 587. C. cytisoides, Wight in Wall. Cat. 5424, J).

Carnatic ; Dindygul hills, Wight.

A low shrub with arcuate ascending terete glabrescent branches. Stipules
setaceous, very minute ; petiole shorter than the leaflets ; leaflets thick, rather fleshy,
obtuse, cuneate in the lower half, pale, subglabrous. Racemes 20-30-flowered, short-
peduncled, reaching 1 ft. long. Calyx campanulate, thinly silky, £-£ in. long; teeth
lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla yellow, glabrous, f in. long. Pod deflexed,
rather recurved, 10-12-seeded.

•72. C. foracteata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 378 : shrubby, obscurely downy,
leaflets large oblong acute, racemes terminal and lateral elongated, bracts minute

g2

84 l. legumlnos^. (J. G. Baker.); [Grotalaria.

setaceous, corolla mucli exserted, pod subsessile oblong-cylindrical densely
pubescent. Wall. Cat. 5423 ; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 586.

Bhotan, Chittagong, Birma, Pegu, Tenasserim. — Distrib. Malay isles, Philippines.
A low shrub with elongated flexuoso slender finely downy or glabrescent
branches. Stipules setaceous, very minute ; petiole 2-3 in. ; leaflets membranous,
narrowed to both ends, 2-4 in. long, glabrous above, obscurely silky below. Racemes
short-peduncled, closely 1 2-30-flowered. Calyx £ in. long, finely silky ; teeth lanceolate,
as long as tube. Corolla pale yellow, f— £ in. long. Pods deflexed, rather recurved,
-hard, 8-10-seeded, densely clothed with spreading pale brown hairs.

73. C striata, DC. P-odr. ii. 131 ; shrubby, obscurely silky, leaflets
obo vale-oblong obtuse or subacute, racemes terminal and lateral elongated, bracts
setaceous minute, corolla twice the calvx, pod short-stalked glabrous cylindrical.
Bot. May. t. §200. 0. Brownei, Reich. Icon. Fxot. t. 232 : DC. Prodr. ii. 130.
O. Hookeri, Ara. hi Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. ii. 3, 248. 0. pisiforniis, Guill. &r Per*
Fl. Seneff. 162. 0. Saltiana, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 648. 0. latifolia, Hort. Calc.
C. pallida and laburnoides, Klotzsch in Petei-s. Mossam. Bot. 57.

Himalayas to Ceylon and Malacca. — Distrib. Malay isles and spread through
Tropical America and Africa.

An erect low shrub 2-4 ft. high, with robust sulcate thinly silky branches.
Stipules minute, setaceous, deciduous ; petiole 2-3 in. ; leaflets membranous, 3-4 in.
long, usually subobtuso, green and glabrous above, pale and obscurely silky below.
Racemes 20-oO-flowered,, reaching |— 1 ft. long. Calyx \ in. long, thinly silky ; teeth
lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla glabrous, yellow striped with red. Pods
deflexed, rather recurved, 1 j-2 in. long, 20-30-seeded.

74. fj. l&burnifolia, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 130 ; shrubby, glabrous, leaflets
obovate-oblong acute, racemes elongated very lax, bracts minute deciduous,
corolla large much exserted, pod cvlindrical glabrous long-stalked. Wall. Cat.
54&i, excLD; Roxb. Fl. hid. iii.* 275 ; W. <y A. Prodr. 193; Date. $ Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 57. 0. pendula, Bert. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 130. C. pedunculosa, Desv. ;
DC. Prodr. ii. 132. Olavulium pedunculosum, Desv. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ix. 407 ;
Rhecde Hort. Mai. ix. t. 27 ; Burnt. Zeyl. t. 35.

Western Peninsula, Ceylon, Malacca. — Distrib. Philippines and Malay isles.

A low shrub with slender elongated terete branches. Stipules 0 ; petiole 2-3 in. ;
leaflets membranous, glabrous, 1-2 in. long, cuneate at the base. Racemes terminal
and lateral, ^— 1 ft. long ; pedicels exceeding the calyx. Calyx glabrous, turbinate,
rj- 1 in. long ; teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla bright yellow, glabrous*
1 in. deep ; keel very broad with a long incurved beak. Pod 1^-2 in. long, 20-30-
seeded ; gynophore filiform, £-1 in. long, much exceeding that of any other species.

Gnorp 10. ZMEultifolicSateB. Leaves usually 5-, but varying from 3- to
7-folioiate. Pod glabrous, oblong or linear-oblong, distinctly stalked, many-
seeded. Herbs or .under-shrubs.

75. C quinquefolia, Linn. ; DC. P-odr. ii. 135; herbaceous, branches
and leaves below thinly silky, leaflets linear, bracts linear thinly silky, lower
pedicels at last as long as the calvx. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 279 ; Date. Sf Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 57 : Wall. Cat. 5420 ; W. <y A. Prodr. 194 ; El. t. 16— Rheede Hort,
Mai. ix. t. 28.

Western Peninsula, Ceylon, Birma, Tenasserim. — Distrib. Malay isles,
Philippines.

An erect annual 2-4 ft. high, with robust straight sulcate branches. Stipules
linear, subpersistent ; petioles 1-3 in. ; leaflets usually 5, rarely 3, linear, rarely
narrow oblanceolate, 2-4 in. long, obtuse, glabrous above. Racemes usually terminal,

Crotalaria.'} l. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) 85

laxly 10-20-flowered, reaching ^ ft. long; tracts persistent, as long as the pedicels.
Calyx campanulate, subglabrous, -i in. long; teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube.
Corolla glabrous, twice the calyx. ~Pod oblong, glabrous, distinctly stalked, 1^-2 in.
by 2_i i'n>j 30-40-seeded. — C. heterophylla, L. DC. Prodr. ii. 131, is a trifoliolate
form.

76. C. Grahamiana, W. $* A. Prodr. 194 ; shrubby, branches and leaves
below densely clothed with adpressed silky hairs, leaflets oblanceolate, bracts
linear thinlv silky, lower pedicels as long as the calyx. 0. digitata, Wight in
Wall. Cat. 5430," wore Hook

Carnatic ; Pulney hills at 4000 ft.

Branches firm, elongated, angular, persistently silky. Stipules linear, reflexed,
persistent ; petiole reaching 3-4 in., silky like the branches ; leaflets thicker than in >
C. quinquefolia, 2-3 in. long, often 7, glabrous above, obtuse. Bacemes closely 12-30-
flowered, 4— | ft. ; bracts A-| in., acuminate, reflexed, persistent. Calyx just like that
of C. quinquefolia. Corolla yellow, glabrous, half as long again as the calyx. Pod
linear-oblong, 1^ — 2 in. long, distinctly stalked.

77. G. digitata, Hooh. Bot. Misc. ii. 354, suppl. t. 16 (O. quinquefolia) ;
shrubby, branches and leaves on both sides clothed with loose soft tomentum,
leaflets obovate-cuneate, bracts lanceolate tonientose, pedicels twice the calyx.
W. § A. Prodr. 194, non Wight in Wall. Cat. 5430.

Carnatic ; Madura hills, Wight.

A low shrub ; the whole plant, except calyx and corolla, clothed with loose
«oft pale brown velvety tomentum. Stipules % in. long, linear-setaceous, reflexed,
persistent ; petiole 2-3 in. ; leaflets 3-5, thick and soft, cuneate in the lower half,
very obtuse, the end one reaching 2^—3 in. long, |-1 in. broad, the outermost sometimes
unequal- sided. Racemes terminal and lateral, short-peduncled, closely 12-20-
fiowered ; bracts lanceolate acuminate, densely velvety, patent, persistent. Calyx
glabrous, f-| in. long ; teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla yellow, gla-
brous, 1 in. long. Pod linear-oblong, 2-2|- in. long.

C. elliftica, IloxIk in Wall. Cat. .5433 (C. Vachellii, H. $ A.), and C. vascdxosa,
Grah. in Wall. C 'at 5427, have no claim to rank as Indian species, having been in-
troduced to the Calcutta Garden, the former from China, and the latter from

Mauritius.

9. ONONES, Linn.

Undershrubs or herbs, often viscid. Leaves with pinnately 3-folio'late toothed
leaflets. Calyx-tube campanulate ; teeth long, subequai. Petals clawed ;
standard roundish ; wings obovate-oblong ; keel incurved, acute. Stamens
monadelphous, the alternate filaments dilated at the apex ; anthers dimorphous.
Ovary in our plant subsessile, few-ovuled ; style filiform, abruptly incurved,
stigma minute oblique. Pod oblong, turgid, continuous within. — Distrie.
Species 60, mainly Mediterranean and European.

1. O. Iiircina, Jacq. Hort. Vind. t. 93 ; Bom. Fl. Orient, ii. 56. O.
altissima, Lam. Diet. i. 506; DC. Prodr. ii. 162. O. arvensis, Linn. herb, in
part. O. procurrens, Benth. in Boyle 111. 197.

Temperate West Himalaya; Tibet and Kashmir, alt. 5-7000 ft. — Distrib.
Orient, West Siberia, Europe.

An under shrub, with ascending unarmed pubescent stems. Stipules large, leafy,
adnate to the short petioles ; leaflets oblong, obtuse. Flowers reddish, in pairs at the
axils of the leaves, forming a close leafy raceme at the end of the branches. Calyx
| in. ; teeth linear, exceeding the tube. Pod oblong, downy, not exserted, 2-3-seeded.

86 l. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) [Trifolium*

10. TRXFOXiXUZK, Linn.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves with stipules adnate to the petiole and
digitately 3-foliolate leaflets. Flowers small, copious, in dense axillary heads.
Calyx tube turbinate ; teeth mostly 5 subequal. Corolla adnate to the staminal
tube, and fading without falling ; standard and wings narrow ; keel straight,
obtuse. Stamens diadelphous : filaments more or less dilated ; anthers uniform.
Ovary sessile or stalked, few-ovuled ; style filiform, incurved above the base ;
stigma oblique. Pod minute, included, membranous, indehiscent, 1 or few-
seeded. — Distrib. Species perhaps 200, mostly European and Oriental, many
N. American and Trop. African.

T. minus, Smith, is included in Hohenacker's Neilgherry plants, no doubt from
introduced specimens.

T. resupinatum, Linn., is largely cultivated in Afghanistan, Hazara and Khagan,
in the subtropical zone.

1. T. pratense, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 195; erect, heads subtended by a
pair of opposite leaves, calyx not accrescent. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 115.

Kashmir to G-arwhal, 4-8000 ft. — Distrib. Afghanistan, Siberia, Orient, Europe.

Perennial ; stems a foot or more high, slightly downy. Stipules very broad ;
leaflets oblong; toothing obscure. Heads roundish; flowers very dense, usually red.
Calyx pubescent ; teeth setaceous, the lowest longer than the rest, exceeding the tube.
Pod 1 -seeded, opening by a lid. — One of the common forago clovers.

2. T. repens, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 198 ; trailing, peduncles elongated
naked, calyx not accrescent. Boiss. Fl. Oi'ient. ii. 145. T. venulosum, Boyle
MSS.

Temperate and Alpine Himalaya, ascending to 20,000 ft. ; Nllghiris and
Ceylon, perhaps introduced. — Distrib. Through Europe and Asia, also North
America.

Stems slender, glabrous, wide-creeping. Stipules narrow ; petioles and peduncles
long, ascending ; leaflets obovate emarginate, distinctly toothed. Heads globose, not
dense; flowers finally deflexed. Calyx glabrous; teeth subequal, shorter than tho
tube. Corolla white or with a pink tinge. Pod minute, linear, 3-4-seeded. — Com-
monly cultivated.

3. T. frag ife rum, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 202; trailing, peduncles elon-
gated naked, fruit calyx accrescent. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 135.

Kashmir, temperate zone, Jacquemont, Thomson.— Distrib. Europe, Orient, N.
Africa, Abyssinia.

Habit of T. repens, for which it is easily passed over in flower. Stipules lanceo-
late, with cuspidate points ; petioles and peduncles elongated ; leaflets less distinctly
toothed. Corolla a deeper pink. Calyx in fruit becoming an ovoid membranous
persistent bladder, enclosing the small ]-2-seeded pod.

11. PAHOCKETUS,Hanult.

A slender creeping herb. Leaves 3-foliolate. Floivers on axillary peduncles.
Calyx tube campanulate; two upper teeth subconnate. Corolla free from
staminal tube ; standard broad, obovate clawed ; wings much shorter, obtuse ;
keel as long as the wings, incurved and subacute at the tip." Stamens diadel-
phous ; filaments not dilated ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, linear, oc-ovulate :
style elongated, glabrous, suddenly incurved above the base, stigma terminal.
Pod linear, turgid, continuous within. A single species.

1. P. communis, Hamilt. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 403 ; Wall. Cat. 5972 ; Boyle
Illust. t. 35 ; Don, Prodr. 241. P. major, Don Prodr. 241 ; DC. Prodr. loc.

Trigonella.'] L. leguminos2E. (J. G. Baker.) 87

cit. ; Wall. Cat. 5525 j TT. # A. Prod. 252 : TTe>^ Ic. t. 483. P. oxalidifolia,
Royle Must. 201. P. maculata, R. Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Bar. 162, t. 34.

Alpine, Temperate and Subtropical Himalaya from Simla and Garwhal to
Assam, alt. 4-13,000 ft. Nilghiris, Ceylon, Birma, Wallich ; Tenasserim, Parish. —
Distrib. Java, Zambesi-land.

Rhizome thread-like, wide-creeping. Petiole long, filiform, bearing leaves like
those of Oxalis Acetosella ; leaflets subsessile, obovate, cuneate, emarginate, entire,
glabrous or slightly pubescent. Peduncles overtopping the leaves, 1-2-flowered.
Calyx £ in. deep ; teeth lanceolate. Corolla J-f in., purplish-white. Pod straight,
glabrous, linear, |-1 in. long.

12. TRIGONELL A, Linn.

Annual herbs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, toothed. Flowers racenied,
lemon-yellow. Calyx tube campanulate ; teeth distinct, subequal. Petals free
from the staminal tube ; standard and wings narrow ; keel shorter, obtuse.
Stamens diadelphous ; filaments not dilated; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile,
many-ovuled ; style glabrous ; stigma terminal. Pod linear or linear-oblong,
compressed or subterete, not spiral, usually exserted, many-seeded, continuous
within. — Distkib. Species 50, mostly Mediterranean and Oriental. Many cul-
tivated for forage.

* Pod short, turgid.

1. T. occulta, Delile ; DC. Prodr. ii. 185 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 84. T.
arguta, Visiani PI. JEgypt. 33, t. 8, fig. 1.

Plains of Scinde, Stocks; Upper Gangetic Plain, near Lucknow, Anderson. —
Distrib. Egypt, Nubia.

Diffuse, densely csespitose, glabrous or subglabrous, annual, with slender stems a
few in. long. Stipules deeply laciniated ; petiole exceeding the sharply-toothed minute
oblanceolate cuneate leaflets. Flowers 2-4 together in copious sessile axillary clusters.
Calyx | in. ; teeth linear-setaceous. Corolla slightly exserted. Pod elliptical,
scarcely exserted, glabrous, usually 2 -seeded.

** Pod long, turgid.

2. T. Foenum-g-raeciixn, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 182 ; pod large long-
beaked, reticulations distant not transverse. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 389 ; Wall. Cat.
5984 ; W. 8f A. Prodr. 195 ; Sibth. $ Sm. Fl. Graca, t. 766 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient.
ii. 70.

Kashmir, Punjab, Upper Gangetic Plain, &c. — Distrib. South Europe and
Orient, widely cultivated.

Annual, robust, erect, subglabrous. Stipules not laciniated ; leaflets toothed,
f-1 in. long, oblanceolate-oblong. Flowers 1-2, sessile in the axils of the leaves.
Calyx £-§- in., teeth linear. Corolla much exserted. %Pod 2-3 in. long, 10-20-seeded,
with a long persistent beak, often falcate.

3. T. polycerata, Linn.; DC. Prodr. ii. 184; pod small not beaked,
reticulations close transverse, flowers 1-6 in a sessile or short-peduncled umbel.
T. incisa, Royle Rl. 197; Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 36, t. 42 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient.
ii. 76. T. pinnatifida, Car. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 183. T. monantha, C. A. Meyer in
Led. Fl. Ross. i. 534 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 77. T. orthoceras, Kar. $ Kir. ;
Walp. Rep. i. 637 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 77. T. geminiflora, Bunge Rel. Lehm.
71. T. brahuica, Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 73.

Punjab and Upper Gangetic Plain, ascending to 6000 ft. — Distrib. West
Siberia, Orient, South Europe to Spain.

Annual, more slender, branched and diffuse than in the last. Stipules not laci-
niated; points setaceous; leaflets smaller, sharply inciso-dentate or even pinnatifid,

88 L. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) [Trlgonella.

obovate; base deltoid, entire. Flowers 1-6 usually 2-4, sessile or on a short common
peduncle in the axil of leaf. Calyx £ in., subcylindrical ; teeth setaceous, shorter
than tube. Corolla slightly exserted. Pod 1-2 in. long, falcate, — in. broad, much
■wrinkled transversely, 10-20-seeded.

4. T. hamosaf Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 183 ; pod small not beaked, reti-
culations close transverse, flowers 6-12 in short-pedimcled racemes. Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 84. T. obcordata, Wall. Cat. 5986 ; Benth. in Boyle III. 197. T.
nervosa, Klotzsch in Beise Pr. Wald. Bat. 158, t. 1, fig. 1.

Included amongst Wallich's plants, with the habitat of Tikari {Hamilton), but a
doubtful native of India proper. — Distrib. Afghanistan, Egypt, Nubia, Cape.

Annual, glabrous. Stems caspitose, diffuse, 1 ft. or more long. Stipules broad,
deeply cut ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, shallowly toothed, f-^ in. long ; base deltoid,
entire. Baceones close, equalling or falling short of the leaves, terminated by a spine.
Calyx short-pedicelled, under X in. deep ; teeth lanceolate, shorter than the tube.
Corolla three times the calyx. Pod §-| in. long, much curved, 4-6-seeded.

*** Pod linear or linear-oblong flat.

5. T. gracilis, Benth. in Boyle Bl. 197; glabrous, peduncles 1-3-
flowered, corolla distinctly exserted, pod linear straight 6-8-seeded.

Kashmir, Kumaon, Gurwhal, &c, alt. 5-7000 ft.

Stems very slender, trailing, 1-1^ ft. long. Stymies linear, faintly toothed ;
petiole shorter than leaflets, often scarcely any ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, ^--^ in. long,
finely inciso-dentate, veins raised. Peduncles filiform, exceeding leaves, ending in a
conspicuous awn. Calyx ^ in. ; teeth setaceous, as long as the tube. Pod §-| in. by
^ in., marked with distinct rather close transverse veins.

6. T. pubescens, Edgw. MSS. ; finely downy, peduncles 1-3-flowered,
corolla slightly exserted, pod linear-oblong straight l(>-12-seeded.

Hazara, Kashmir, Kumaon, Piti, Kunawar, &c, alt. 5-10,000 ft.

Stems more branched and stouter than in the last, reaching 1 ft. or more long.
Stipules linear, faintby toothed ; petiole shorter than the blade ; leaflets obovate-
oblong, cuneate at the base, distinctly inciso-dentate, ^— f in. long. Peduncle as long
as the leaves, not ending in an awn. Valyx £ in., finely downy ; teeth linear-setaceous,
exceeding the tube. Pod downy at first, £-f in. by £-i in. ; veins transverse, distinct,
very close.

7. T. emodi, Benth. in Boyle III. 197; flowers 4-6 rarely up to 12
closely racemose, corolla 2-3 times the calyx, pod linear-oblong straight 4-6-
seeded. Melilotus emodi, Wall. Cat. 5941. Trigonella himalaica, Wall. MSS.
T. cachemiriana, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bat. 36, t. 41. Botryolotus cachenry-
rianus, Jaub. fy Spach. Illust. i. 125. T. rhytidocarpa, Boiss. § ; Bal. Fl. Orient.
ii. 78.

Kashmir to Nipal, alt. 4-10,000 ft. — Distrib. Afghanistan, Persia, Orient.

Habit and inflorescence of T. corniculata, from which it mainly differs in pod. Stems
glabrous, copiously branched, 1 ft. or more high. Stipules slightly inciso-dentate,
points linear-setaceous ; leaflets obovate, distinctly inciso-dentate in the wild form.
Peduncles 1-2 in. long, terminated by a distinct point. Calyx glabrous, \-^ in. ;
teeth linear, as long as the tube. Pod ^— f in. by ^~ in., glabrous, with close dis-
tinct raised veins.

8. T. corniculata, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 184 ; flowers 6-12 closely race-
mose, corolla 2-3 times the calyx, pod narrow linear falcately recurved 4-8-
seeded. Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 389 ; W. # A. Prodr. 196 ; Wight Ic. t. 384 ; Sibth.
8f Sm. Fl. Grceca, t. 761 ; Boiss. FL Orient, ii. 83. T. elatior, Sibth. 8f 8m. Fl.
Grceca, t. 762. T. fimbriata, Boyle III. 197. T. esculenta, Willd. ; DC. Prodr.
ii. 185 ; Wall. Cat. 5985.

Melilotus.'] l. leguminos^:. (J. G. Baker.) 89

Bengal, Kashmir and Ladak to Kumaon, alt. 5-12,000 ft. — Distrib. Af-
ghanistan, Orient, South Europe.

Diffuse, very much branched, glabrous, suberect, 1 ft. or more high. Stipules
deeply or faintly toothed, points setaceous ; petiole as long as or exceeding leaflets ;
leaflets obovate-cuneate, faintly inciso-dentate, i-| in. long. Peduncles exceeding the
leaves, awned at the tip. Calyx £ in. ; teeth shorter than the tube. Pod £-f in. by
ji in., glabrous, marked with close transverse raised veins.

13. raZSX.XX.OTUS, Juss.

Annual or biennial herb. Leaves with toothed pinnately 3-foliolate' leaflets.
Flowers in long racemes. Calyx-tube campanulate ; teeth 5, subequal, lanceo-
late. Corolla caducous, free from the staminal tube ; standard and wings
narrow ; keel straight, obtuse. Stamens diadelphous, filaments not dilated ;
anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or stipitate, few-ovuled ; style filiform, glabrous,
much incurved, stigma terminal. Pod oblong, much exserted, indehiscent. —
Distrib. Species about a dozen ; spread through the temperate regions of the
Old World.

1. EX. parviflora, Desf.; DC. Prodr. ii. 187 ; annual, corolla pale yellow
minute, standard exceeding wings and keel, pod glabrous. Wall. Cat. 5943 A,
B. ; W. 8> A. Prodr. 196; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 108. M. indica, All. Fl. Fed. i.
308. M. minima, Roth ; DC. Prodr. ii. 189. ^rifolium indicum, Linn. ; Roxb.
Fl. Ind. iii. 388.

Western Peninsula, Bengal, North West Provinces, tropical zone. — Dis-
trib. Orient, Europe, and introduced in many other regions.

Stems slender, 1-1^ ft. high. Stiptdcs linear acuminate ; leaflets obovate or ob-
lanceolate, retuse or emarginate. Flowering -racemes close ; fruiting-racemes 1—2 in.
Calyx ^ in. ; teeth deltoid. Corolla not more than— in. long. Pod x^-^-in., obscurely
reticulato-lacunose, usually 1-seeded. — M. parviflora, Wall. 5943 D, is M. italica,
Lam., only known in India in cultivation.

2. XIX. alba, Lamk. Diet. iv. 63 ; biennial, corolla white, standard exceed-
ing wings and keel, pod glabrous. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 109. M. altissima,

Wall. Cat. 5942, non Thuill. M. leucantha, Koch; DC. Prodr. ii. 187; W. §
A. Prodr. 196. M. vulgaris, Willd. Enum. 490.

Northern Provinces, ascending from the plains of Bengal to 12-13,000 ft. in
Ntjbra, and 11,000 ft. in Ladak. — Distrib. Europe, Orient, Siberia, &c.

Much taller and more robust than the last. Stipules and leaflets similar. Racemes
in flower 1^-2 in., in fruit 3-4 in. long. Calyx under ~ in. ; teeth lanceolate, shorter
than the tube. Corolla always white, inodorous, 2-3 times the length of the calyx
in the temperate zone, nearly as small as in M. parviflora in the plains. Pod as in the
iast, but larger, often 2-seeded.

3. III. officinalis, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 186 ; biennial, corolla yellow,
standard the same length as the wings and keel, pod hairy. Boiss. Fl. Orient.
ii. 109. M. macrorhiza, Pers. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 187. M/altissima, Thuill. Fl.
Par. 378, non Wallich. Trifolium officinale, Willd. ; Roxb. Fl. Lnd. iii. 388.

NuBRAand Ladak : 10-13,000 ft., Thomson, Stewart. — Distrib. Europe, Orient, &c.

Very like M. alba in general habit and identical in stipules and leaflets. Racemes
denser, and not quite so long. Calyx ^ in. ; teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube.
Corolla linear, yellow, odorous, usually three times as long as the calyx. Pod dis-
tinctly stipitate, £ in. long, 1-2-seeded, not so obtuse.

14. IDXEDXCAGO, Linn.

Herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate ; leaflets toothed. Calyx-
tube campanulate ; teeth 5, subequal. Corolla more or less exserted, free

90 l. LEGUMiNOSiE. (J. G. Baker.) [Medicago.

from the starninal tube; standard and wings oblong; keel straight, obtuse.
Stamens diadelphous ; filaments filiform ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile,
usually many-ovuled ; style short, little incurved ; stigma oblique. Pod usually
spirally twisted, many-seeded, indehiscent, rarely siclde-shaped, in M . lupulina
one-seeded. — Disteib. Species about 40 ; spread principally round the Mediter-
ranean.

M. sativa, Linn. ; Wall. Cat. 5945, A, B, probably a cultivated race of M.falcata,
characterised by the pod forming a double spiral and flowers usually purple, is often
grown for forage in Madras, Bengal, and the North-West Provinces.

* Subej-ect, perennial.

1. m. falcata, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 172 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 93. M.
sativa, Wall. Cat, 5945 0, D. M. procumbens, Besser, Prim. Fl. Gal. ii. 127.

Kashmir, Ladak, Kunawar, &c. ; alt. 5-13,000 ft. — Distrib. Afghanistan,
Orient, and all through Europe.

Subglabrous, copiously branched, 1-2 ft. high. Leaflets oblanceolate, |— 1 in. long.
Peduncles exceeding leaves. Flowers 12-20, in close racemes. Calyx £ in. ; teeth
setaceous, as long as the tube. Corolla bright yellow, twice the calyx. Pod linear,
sickle-shaped, glabrous, ^-f in. long, 5-10-seeded.

** Diffuse trailing annuals or biennials.

2. IMC. lupulina, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 172 ; biennial, pod minute linear
sickle-shaped unarmed one-seeded. Wall. Cat. 5944 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii.
105.

Tropical and temperate tracts of the north-west, ascending from the Indus valley
and Gangetic plain to 10-12,000 ft.— Distrib. Orient. Siberia, Europe, Abyssinia,
often cultivated.

Stem 1 ft. or more long, finely downy. Stiptdes toothed; points lanceolate,
acuminate ; leaflets obovate, faintly inciso-crenate, base deltoid, entire. Flowers
12-20, densely capitate ; peduncles exceeding the leaves. Calyx ^ in. ; teeth seta-
ceous, as long as the tube. Corolla slightly exserted. Pod ~ in. long, indehiscent,
glabrous or downy, faintly veined longitudinally, finally black.

3. JUL. orbicularis, All. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 174 ; annual, pod spiral unarmed
large vertically compressed. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 97.

Kashmir ; temperate region, Falconer. — Distrib. Orient, Mediterranean, Abys-
sinia.

Stems slender, subglabrous, a foot or more long. Stipules short, deeply laciniated ;
leaflets ^-^ in. long, obovate-cuneate, faintly inciso-dentate. Peduncles shorter
than the leaves, 1-3-flowered. Calyx £ in. ; teeth linear-setaceous. Corolla yellow,
much exserted. Pod £-f in. broad, with 4-5 flattened spirals, distantly finely trans-
versely veined.

4. DX. laciniata, All. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 180; annual, stipules laciniated,
pod small subglobose spiral muricated, corolla scarcely exserted. Boiss. FL
Orient, ii. 104.

Punjab ; tropical region, Fleming, Jacquemont, Aiichison. — Distrib. Orient, Medi-
terranean, Abyssinia.

Stems glabrous, very slender, reaching a foot long. Leaflets ■%—% in. long, obovate-
cuneate, sharply inciso-dentate or even pinnatifid ; petiole equalling or exceeding
leaflets. Peduncles filiform, awned, 1-2-flowered. Calyx narrowly turbinate, £ in. ;
teeth setaceous. Pod £ in. broad with 4-5 sharply muricated spirals.

5. BX. denticulata, Willd.; DC. Prodr. ii. 176; annual, stipules laci-
niated, corolla twice the calyx, pod subglobose spiral muricated. Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 102. M. canescens, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5946. M. polymorpha,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 390.

Lotus.'] l. LEGUMiNOSiE. (J. G. Baker.) 91'

Tropical zone of the north-west : Scinde, Bengal, Otjde, Punjab, Ktjmaon, &c. —
Disteib. Orient. Abyssinia, Europe, Japan, China, Siberia.

Stems subglabrous, more robust than in M. minima and laciniata. Leaflets i-j* in.
long, obovate-euneate, faintly toothed. Peduncles short, closely 2-6-flowered, not
awned. Calyx ^ in. ; teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube. Pod with 2-4 spirals,
the veined face jf-% in. broad without the spines, which are ^-^ in. long in the type,
but reduced down to mere tubercles in the var. M. apicidata, Willd.

6. BX. minima, Lamk. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 178 ; annual, stipules subentire, pod
small subglobose spiral muricated. JBoiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 103.

Kashmir, alt. 5-6000 ft., D. Thomson. — Disteib. Afghanistan, Orient, Mediter-
ranean, Abyssinia, Europe.

Finely downy, the stems under ^ ft. long. Petioles as long as the leaflets, which are
obovate-cuneate, g— f in. long, distinctly toothed. Peduncles as long as the leaves,
closely 2-5-flowered, not mucronate. Calyx -^ in., finely downy ; teeth linear-seta-
ceous, as long as the tube. Corolla distinctly exserted. Pod £ in. broad, exclusive of
the long spines, formed of 4-o close spirals.

15. LOTUS, Linn.

Herbs. Leaves usually 5-foliate, the lowest pair of leaflets arising from the base
of the petiole like stipules. Calyx tube canipanulate, teeth subequal. Corolla
caducous, free from the staminal tube; standard obovate clawed, exceeding
the wings and incurved shortly beaked keel. Stamens diadelphous, filaments
dilated at the apex ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled ; style long,
abruptly inflexed, stigma terminal. Pod linear, turgid, septate between the
seeds. — Disteib. Species 50 or more, spread through North and South temperate
regions.

L. major, Scop, is in Bellew's Kashgar collection.

1. Xi. corniculatus, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 214 ; herbaceous, leaflets 5,
upper 3 remote from lower 2, flowers in peduncled terminal umbels. B&iss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 165. L. bracteatus, Wall. Cat. 5939.

West Himalayas, as far east as Nipal, principally in the temperate zone up to
10,000 ft., but descending into the plains. — Disteib. Europe, Orient, Abyssinia, Japan,
Australia.

Perennial. Stems slender, glabrous or obscurely silky. Leaflets 5, the end one
sessile and two lowest stipule like. Flowers 4-8 in a close umbel, subtended by a re-
duced trifoliolate leaf, at the end of a long peduncle. Calyx ^ in. ; teeth lanceolate-cus-
pidate. Corolla showy, 2-3 times as long as the calyx. Pod cylindrical, straight, f-1
in. long.

Vae. minor ; a dwarf form, from the plains of Scinde with solitary flowers and
fleshy leaflets g- in. long.

2. Ii. ? Garcini, DC. Prodr. ii. 212 ; suffruticose, leaflets 3 all sessile
rarely 5, flowers sessile axillary solitary. JBoiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 174. Ononis
Aucheri, Jaub. § Spach III. PL Orient, t. 96. L. Stocksii, JBoiss. Fl. Orient.
ii. 174.

Scinde in sandy ground near the sea, Stocks. — Disteib. Through Persia to Nubia.

Habit less like that of a Lotus than of an Ononis, to which genus it also approaches by
its slightly dimorphous anthers. Stems ^-1 ft., copiously stiffly branched, covered like
the leaves with short grey tomentum. Leaflets pale, fleshy, 3— § in. long, obovate-cune-
ate. Flowers copious, inconspicuous. Calyx ^ in., densely downy ; teeth linear,
twice the tube. Corolla not exserted. Pod linear, straight, 5-6-seeded, f-£ in. long.

'92 l. LEGUMiNOSiE. (J. G. Baker.) [Cyamopsis.

16. CSTAZTCOPSIS, DO.

Erect annuals, with 3-foliolate leaves, laterally attached hairs and small pur-
plish flowers in axillary racemes. Calyx-tuhe oblique ; teeth unequal, the lowest
'elongated, setaceous. Petals caducous : standard and wings narrow ; keel obtuse,
slightly incurved. Stamens monadelphous ; anthers uniform, apiculate. Ovary
sessile, linear, 6-8-ovuled ; style short, filiform, much incurved, stigma capitate.
Pod linear, straight, subtetragonous, 2-valved, septate between the seeds. —
Distrib. Species 2, the other Arabian and trop. African.

1. C. psoralioides, DC. Prodr. ii. 216; Wall. Cat. 5920; W. 8> A.
Prodr. 197; Wight Ic. t. 248. Psoralea tetragonoloba, Linn.Mant. 104. Lupinus
trifoliatus, Cav. Ic. t. 59. Dolichos psoraloides, Lamk. Diet. ii. 300. D. fabee-
formis, LLIerit. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 316.

Plains from the Himalaya to the "Western Peninsula, but often, perhaps always,
cultivated. — Distrib. Afghanistan.

A robust, erect annual, 2-3 ft. high, clothed with adpressed grey hairs attached by
the middle, as in Indigo/era. Stipules long, linear-setaceous ; leaves petioled, 3-foliolate ;
leaflets ovate, acute, inciso-dentate, 2-3 in. long. Flowers 6-30 in copious close short-
peduncled axillary racemes ; bracts setaceous, protruded. Calyx J-J in. Corolla
scarcely exserted. Pod thick, fleshy, straight, 1^-2 in. long.

17. XNX2XQOFBXIA, Linn.

Herbs or shrubs clothed more or less densely with adpressed hairs laterally
attached, often silvery-canescent. Floivers in copious axillary racemes. Calyx
minute, campanulate ; teeth 5, subequal or the lowest longest. Corolla caducous ;
standard obovate ; keel straight, not rostrate, spurred on each side near the base.
Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform, apiculate. Ovary sessile, usually niany-
ovuled ; style short incurved, stigma capitate usually penicillate. Pod usually
linear-cylindrical, rarely oblong or globose, turgid, rarely flatfish, in one sectiou
crescent-shaped, densely muricated. — Distrib. Species 250-300, spread through,
all tropical regions and also abundant at the Cape.

Subgen. 1. Acanthonotus, Benth. Pod recurved, sickle-shaped, 1-
seeded, niuricated along the ventral suture.

1. X. echinata, WiSd.; DC. Prodr. ii. 222; Roxb. Hort. Peng. 98; Fl.
Ind. iii. 370 ; Wall. Cat. 5456 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 198 ; Wight Ic. t. 316 ; Dalz.
8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 57. Hedysarum nummularifolium, Linn. Sp. PL 1051 (excl.
syn.). H. rotundifolium, Vahl Symb. ii. 81. H. erinaceum, Poir. Diet. Suppl.
vi. 393. Onobrychis rotundifolia, Desv. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 348. O. cuneifolia, DC.
Prodr. ii. 348. Indigofera prostrate, Roxb. MSS.

Plains of Ceylon and the Western Peninsula. — Distrib. Guinea.

A diffuse much-1 (ranched a nnual with stems 1-2 ft. long. Leaves simple, nearly
sessile, broad-obovate, obtuse, mucronate, glabrescent, membranous, ^— f in. long ; sti-
pules linear-setaceous. Racemes copious, short-peduncled, 6-10-flowered. Calyx X
in. ; teeth setaceous, very long. Corolla pinkish, £ in. Pod under £ in. long, laterally
flattened, beaked with the persistent style.

Subge^. 2. Splieeridiophora, Desv. Pod minute, unarmed, globose,
J -seeded,

2. X. linifolia, Retz; DC. Prodr. ii. 222; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 370; Cor.
PI. t. 100 ; Wall. Cat. 5489 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 198 ; Wight Ic. t. 313 ; Dalz. $
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 58 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 188. Sphseridiophora linifolimn, Desv .

.Journ. Bot. iii. 125, t. 6, iig. 35. S. abyssinicum, Jaub. et Spach. III. t. 494.

Indigofera.'] l. leguminos^. (J. Gr. Baker.) 93:

Throughout India from the Himalayas to Ceylon, common. — Disteib. Abyssinia,
Afghanistan, Malay Isles, N. Australia.

Annual, the whole plant persistently silvery-hoary. Stems slender, copiously
branched both at the base and. upwards, i-1 ft. Leaves simple, subsessile, A-l in.
long, typically linear, acute, but varying (var. Campbellii, Wight) to obovate, obtuse-
withamucro; stipules minute, setaceous. Flowers 6-12 in copious dense subsessile
racemes. Calyx ~ in., silvery ; teeth long, linear-setaceous. Corolla bright red, 2-3
times the calyx. Pod hard, mucronate, silvery, under ^ in. thick.

Stjbgex. 3. Euindig-ofera, Benth. Ovary with at least 2 ovules,jisually
with many. Pod linear or oblong, unarmed, turgid.

Group 1. Simplicifolice. Leaves simple (in Sp. 6 casually 3-folioliate.)

3. X. cordifolia* Jfeyne; DC. Prodr. ii. 222; herbaceous, loosely pubes-
cent, leaves subsessile cordate-ovate, flowers in dense sessile heads, pod oblong
2-seeded. W. 8f A. Prodr. 199 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 58. Heylandia ? coi"
difolia, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5343.

Plains throughout India proper, ascending to 4000 ft. in the Chenab valley. —
Distrib. Afghanistan, Beloochistan, Nubia, Malay Isles, N.Australia.

A copiously branched diffuse annual with stems %-% ft. long. Leaves subobtuse with
a mucro, flexuous, £-f in. long, obscurely downy above, densely below ; stipules setace-
ous, minute. Heads copious, 4-8-flowered. Calyx £ in. densely downy ; teeth long,
setaceous. Corolla bright red, not exserted. Pod under £in. long, pubescent, casually
1 -seeded.

4. X. triquetra, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 36; herbaceous, thinly
argenteo-canescent, leaves subsessile oblong, flowers 6-12 in small peduncled
racemes, pod linear 4-6-seeded. Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Flora, 58.

Plains of Concan, Dalzell, StocJcs.

Perennial, greenish in shade, obscurely silvery in exposure. Stems very flexuous,
trailing, 1 ft. or less long, slender, acutely triquetrous. Leaves firm, £-£ in. long, nar-
rowed or slightly rounded at both ends ; stipules setaceous, persistent. Bacemes short-
peduncled, finally an inch long. Calyx ± in., canescent ; teeth long, setaceous. Corolla
£ in., bright red. Pod ^-f in. long, turgid, glabrous, the flattened sutures margined
by acute keels.

5. X. caloneura, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 42, 2, 229 ; shrubby,
fulvo-puberulous, leaves small petioled elliptical with veins beneath much raised,
racemes short close, pods unknown.

Pegu, Kurz.

An erect branched shrub. Leaves 5—5 in., rounded to both ends, mucronulate, char-
taceous, glabrous above, glaucescent and softly pubescent below ; petiole as long as
blade ; stipules minute, linear-subulate. Bacemes usually shorter than leaves ; pe-
duncle £ in.; bracts subulate, moderately long. Calyx broad, short. Corolla £ in.,
probably rose. Ovary densely silky.

6. X. Brunoniana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5491 ; shrubby, argenteo-ca-
nescent, leaves large petioled oblong, racemes close elongated, pods cylindrical
many-seeded. Wall. PI. As. Bar. t. 279.

Bikma, Mount Prome, Wallich.

Branches long, virgate, terete, slender. Leaves oblong, casually 3-foliolate, firm,
conspicuously veined below, 3-5 in. long, obtuse or subacute ; stipules deciduous ;
petioles \- ^ in. Bacemes short-pedunclec1, copious, reaching 4-5 in. long. Calyx
oblique, argenteo-canescent, ■— in. long ; teeth short, deltoid. Corolla § in., bright red ;
standard thinly canescent. Pod turgid, 2 in. long, thinly canescent, recurved at the tip.

Group 2. Sessiliflorce. Leaves odd-pinnate. Floicers in dense sessile or
short-peduncled heads. Pods short, few-seeded.

94? l. leguminos^j. (J. G. Baker.) [Indigofera.

7. 2. glandulosa, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 223; thinly pubescent, riot at all
argenteo-canescent, leaves distinctly petioled always 3-foliolate, corolla 3-4 times
the calyx, pod l-2-»eeded. RoxKFl. Ind. iii. 372 ; Wall. Cat. 5461; W. $ A.
Prodr. 199; Wight Ic. t. 330;' Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 58. I. frumentacea,
Roxb. MSS.

Plains of Western Peninsula and Bundelkund.

Annual, with elongated slender branches clothed when young with spreading hairs.
Stipules setaceous, minute ; petiole nearly as long as the leaflets ; leaflets oblanceolate,
membranous, ^—1 in. long, green above, hairs adpressed obscure, pale glaucous with co-
pious distinct black dots below. Heads £- 1 in. long, sessile. Calyx -^ in., pubescent ;
teeth long, setaceous. Pod brown, finely pubescent, oblong, £ in. long, the sutures often
• dentate, in var. I. Sykesii, Herb. Griff., globose, 1 -seeded.

8. X. trig-onelloides, Jaub. fy Sjmch.'1 Illust. t. 482 ; densely silvery,
leaves distinctly petioled 5-7-foliolate, corolla scarcely exserted, pod linear 3-4-
seeded. I. asperifolia, Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss. No. 2272. I. seruginis,
Schweinf. Fl. JEthiop. 11.

Plains of Scinde, Stocks. — -Distrib. Afghanistan, Abyssinia.

Annual ; stems csespitose, trailing, much branched, ^—1 ft. long. Leaves ^-1 in.
long ; leaflets firing alternate, oblanceolate ; stipules linear ; petiole \— | in. Heads
copious, always sessile, round or oblong, 12-20 flowered. Calyx ^ in. ; teeth long,
setaceous. Corolla. red. Pod \ in. long, cylindrical, silvery -hoary, torulose.

9. X. esmeaphylla, Linn.; DC.\Prodr. ii. 229; thinly silvery-hoary,
leaves nearly sessile 7-11-foliolate, corolla slightly exserted, pod oblong 2-seeded.
Roxb. Fl Lid. iii. 376 ; Wall. Cat. 5444 ; W. # A. Prodr. 199 ; Wight Ic. t.
403 ; Balz. £ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 58. I. osspitosa, Wight in Wall. Cat. 5447.
Hedysarum prostratum, Linn. Mant. i. 102 ; Burm. Fl. Ind. t. 55, fig. 1.

Plains of India from the Himalayas (where it ascends to 4000 ft.) to Ceylon and
Birma. — Distrib. Angola, Malay isles, North Australia.

Annual or biennial. Stems densely csespitose, l-lx ft., trailing, much branched.
Leaves ^—1^ in. long ; leaflets firm, oblanceolate, alternate ; stipules minute, setaceous.
Heads 12-20-flowered, dense, short-peduncled or sessile. Calyx ~-± hi., hoary; teeth
long, setaceous. Pod £-£ in. long, cylindrical, thinly hoary.

Group 3. Digitate. Leaves digitate or nearly so, rarely 1-foliolate, sessile.
Floicers solitary, pedicellate.

10. Z. uniflora, Hamilt. MSS. ; herbaceous, branches very slender,\
pedicels exceding the leaves as long as the pod. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 374 ; Wall.
Cat. 5446 ; W. 8? A. Prodr. 199 ; Wight Ic. t. 333 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 58.

Plains of the Western Peninsula and Carnatic

Perennial. Stems herbaceous, very slender, copiously branched, 1-1^ ft. long.
Stipules setaceous, very minute ; leaflets 3-7, rarely 1 , narrow, oblanceolate, subobtuso
or subacute, £-# in. long, pale green, membranous, with a few obscure adpressed
hairs, not always perfectly digitate. Pedicels filiform, f-|- in. Calyx scarcely ^ in. ;
teeth long, linear. Corolla red, £ in. Pod glabrous, straight, linear, |-|- in. long,
4-7-seeded.

11. I. aspalathoides, Vdhtl DC. Prodr. ii. 231; shrubby, branches
woody rigid, pedicels as long as the leaves much shorter than the pod. W. $*
A. Prodr. 199 ; Wight Ic. t. 332 ; Hook. Ic. t. 188 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl.
58. I. aspalathifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 98 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 371 ; Wall. Cat. 5445.
Aspalathus indicus, Linn. Sp. Plant. 1001. Lespedeza juncea, Wall. Cat.
5743, B— Rheede Hort. Mai. ix. t. 37.

Plains of Carnatic and Ceylon.

Indigofera.'] L. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) 95

A low undershrub, with copiously spreading rigid terete branches and argenteo-
canescent branchlets. Leaflets 1-5, pale green, with a few obscure adpressed hairs, '
oblanceolate, T\-| in. long, often complicate. Pedicels erecto -patent, ^-\ in. Calyx
and corolla like that of I. uniflora. Pod straight, glabrous, turgid, £— § in. long. 6-8-
seeded.

Group 4. Dissitiflorce. Leaves odd-pinnate. Flowers few together, in lax
short-peduncled racemes. « - <

12. X. pentaphylla, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 230 ; branches with only a few-
spreading deciduous glandless hairs, leaflets 5 obovate, racemes 2-4-flowered,pods
glabrous. W. § A..Prodr. 200 ; Wight Lc. t. 385, non Burch. I. glabra, Linn. ;
DC. Prodr. ii. 229. I. fragrans, Retz. ; DC. Prodr. loc. cit. ; Roxb. Fl. Lnd. iii.
375 ; Wall. Cat. 5452.

Plains throughout India Proper from the Himalayas to Ceylon. — Distrib. Trop.
Africa.

. Annual, densely caespitose ; branches firm, very slender, a foot or more long.
Leaves short-petioled, f-1 in. long; leaflets opposite, membranous, pale, glaucous
below, with a few adpressed bristly hairs ; stipules setaceousj persistent. Calyx ~ in.
long ; teeth long, setaceous. Corolla £ in., bright red. Pod turgid, straight, |-f in.
long, 8-12-seeded, not at all torulose.

13. X. tenuifolia, Rottl. ; W. $ A. Prodr. 200 ; branches and pod with
only a few adpressed hairs, leaflets 7-9 oblanceolate, racemes 3-6-flowered.
Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 58.

Plains of the "Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

General habit of /. pentaphylla, which it approaches closely. Leaves f-1 in. long,
short-petioled ; leaflets opposite, firmer than in the last and much narrower, with
numerous adpressed hairs on both sides ; stipules setaceous, very minute. Racemes
short-peduncled, equalling or slightly exceeding the leaves. Calyx and corolla as in
I. pentaphylla. Pod straight, cylindrical, f-1 in. long, 8-lQ-seeded, distinctly tOrulose.

14. X. viscosa, Lamk. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 227 ; branches and pod densely
clothed with minute srland-tipped hairs, leaflets 7-9 oblanceolate, racemes 6-12-
flowered. Roxb. FL lnd. iii. 377 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 200 ; Wight lc. t. 404 ;
Wall Cat. 5451 ; Boiss. PI. Orient, ii. 189. I. glutinosa, Perott. ; DC. Prodr.

loc. cit. I. lateritia, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. loc. cit. I. graveolens and glutinosa,
Roxb. MSS. Galega Colutea, Burm. Fl. 2nd. 172.

Plains of India from the Himalayas to Ceylon ; Birma.— Distrib. Trop. Africa,
Afghanistan, Malay isles, North Australia.

Branches densely caespitose, 1-3 ft. high, more robust and woody than in the two
last, persistently densely viscous throughout. Leaves f-l£ in. long ; leaflets mem-
branous, opposite, pale green above, very glaucous below, with persistent adpressed
bristly hairs ; stipules setaceous, minute ; petiole £ in. long, viscous like the branches.
Racemes short-peduncled, about as long as the leaves. Calyx and corolla as in the
two last. Pod straight, f-1 in. long, 10-12-seeded, faintly torulose.

15. X. pedicellata, W. $ A. Prodr. 200; branches and pod glabrescent,
leaflets 3 oblanceolate-oblong, racemes 6-12-flowered. Wight lc. t. 983.

Nilghiris and Pulney hills.

Perennial. Branches trailing, firm, very slender, a foot or more long, faintly
pubescent when young. Stipules linear, minute ; petiole shorter than the leaflets ;
leaflets firm, ^-^ in. long, with a few adpressed grey hairs on both sides, and black
sessile glands below, the end one subsessile. Racemes ^-1 in. long, 6-12-flowered;
pedicels 2-3 times the calyx, with distinct linear bracteoles. Calyx ~ in., shortly
pubescent ; teeth long, setaceous. Corolla red, twice the calyx. Pod straight, f-f
in. long, many-seeded, obscurely pubescent at first, not at all torulose.

96 l. leguminoStE. (J. G. Baker.) [Indigo/era.

Group 5. Tinctorice. Leaves odd-pinnate. Racemes many-flowered, usually
peduncled. Pods linear, usually many-seeded.

* Leaflets <3-5.

10. £. trifoliata, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. \\. 223; suffruticose, "branches and
membranous leaves thinly clothed with adpressed hairs, racemes sessile con-
gested, leaflets 3 t^_encL.uce sessile, pod straight glabrescent 6-8-seeded,

W%. Sf A. Prodr. 201 ; Wight I&tZTl ; Bah. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 59. I. pro-
strata, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 233 ; Roxb. Hort. Bene/. 98 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 373.
I. moluccana, DC. Prodr. ii. 232. I. multicaulis, DC. Prodr. ii. 223. I. canes-
cens, Grali. in Wall. Cat. 5448. I. peregrina, DC. Prodr. ii. 224. I. orixensis,
Roxb. MSS. I. adenophylla, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5462. I. congesta, Grah. in

Wall. Cat. 5471.

Himalayas (ascending to 4000 ft. in Kumaon) to Ceylon, Tenasserim, Heifer. —
Distrib. Java, China, Philippines, North Australia.

Perennial. Stems copiously branched, trailing or ,suberect, 1-2 ft. long, soon
glabrescent. Stipules minute, setaceous ; petiole shorter than the leaflets, which are
always 3, digitate, oblanceolate, |-1 in. long, grey-green above, glaucous below with
black dots. Racemes 6-1 2-flowered, usually shorter than the petiole. Calyx ± in. ;
teeth long, setaceous. Corolla red, 3-4 times the calyx. Pod deflexed, ^-| in" long,
the sutures acutely bordered, the valves not torulose.

17. I. vestita, Baker ; suffruticose, branches and leaves densely pubes-
cent, leaflets 3 the end, one sessile, racemes sessile congested, pod straight
pubescent many-seeded.

Western Peninsula ; Pulney hills, Wight.

Closely allied to the preceding, differing mainly in pubescence. Branches very
slender, densely csespitose, under a foot long, ascending, clothed like the petioles, and
leaves with short spreading soft brownish hairs. Petiole £-f in. ; leaflets crowded,
obovate, soft, thick, obtuse, ^-| in. long. Racemes as in /. trifoliata. Calyx densely
pubescent, teeth setaceous, plumose. Pod clothed with brown pubescence like that
of the branches.

l.ik X. trita, Linn.jil. ; DC Prodr. ii. 232 ; suffruticose, branches and mem-
branous leave* thinly clothed with adpressed grey hairs, leaflets 3 obovate foe-
end one stalked, racemes congested; pod , straight tetragonous 6-10-seeded not
torulose. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 371 ; Don Prodr. 245 ; Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.
t. 16; W. # A. Prodr. 204 ; Wall. Cat. 5449; Wight, Ic. t. 315, 386; Bah.
$ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 60. I. cinerea, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 232. I. timoriensis,
Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 223. I. canescens, LamU.\ DC. Prodr. 224, non Wall.
I. hedysaroides, Lamh. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 232. I. arcuata, Willd. ; DC. Prodr.
ii. 232. I. rigida, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 224. I. arniata, Wall. Cat. 5453.
I. argentea, Wall. Cat. 5455, in part. I. Leschenaultii, DC. Prodr. ii. 223. I.
ternata, Roxb. MSS. I. virgata, DC. Prodr. ii. 224, non Roxb.

Plains of India from the Himalayas to Ceylon ; Birma. — Distrib. Trop. Africa,.
Malay isles, North Australia.

An undershruh, 2-3 ft. high, with firm slender branches, soon glabrescent. Stipules
minute, setaceous ; petiole ^-J in. ; leaflets always 3, the end one 1-1^ in. long, tho
side ones opposite. Racemes 6-12-flowored, usually sessile, seldom over an inch long.
Calyx yj-^ in., white-can escent; teeth long, setaceous. Corolla purplish-red, twice the
calyx. Pod deflexed, f-l£ in. long, the firm glabrescent valves obtusely keeled.

19. X. subulata, Vahl ; DC. Prodr. ii. 232 ; suffruticose, branches and
membranous leaves thinly clothed with adpressed grey hairs, leaflets 5 obovate
the side ones opposite, racemes elongated, pod long recurved 10-15-seeded not

Indigofera.'] l. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) 97

torulose. I. mncronata, Spreng. • DC. Prodr. ii. 227. I. flaccida, Kcenig. ;
lloxb. Hort. Beng. 98 ; Fl. Lid. iii. 375 : W. # A. Prodr. 204 ; Wight Ic.
t. 387 ; Wall. Cat. 5475. I. scabra, Both ; DC. Prodr. ii. 229. I. Thonningii,
Thonn. et Schum. PI. Guin. 366.

Plains of the Western Peninsula and Ceylon. — Distrib. Trop. Africa, Trop.
America.

Habit and leaflets of /. trita, from which, it differs in racemes, leaves and pod.
Branches -woody, virgate, soon glabrescent. Leaflets thin, glabrescent above, pale
below with a few adpressed grey hairs, always 5 on the leaves of the main branches,
%-l in. long. Peduncles 1-2 in. long; racemes 20-40-flowered, reaching 4-6 in. long.
Calyx ~ in. : teeth setaceous. Corolla lilac, 2-3 times the calyx. Pod 1-2 in. long,
subtetragonal from the raised keel of the valves.

20. X. marg-izmlata, GraJi. in Wall. Cat. 5467 ; suffruticose, branches
.and membranous leaves thinly clothed with adpressed grey hairs, leaflets 5
opposite obovate, racemes elongated, pod straight turgid 5-6-seeded. W. $ A.
Prodr. 204.

Concan, Stocks ; Dindygul hills, in the Carnatic, Wight.

General habit of I. subulata, from which it scarcely differs, except in pod. Leaflets
the same in shape, size, and vestiture. Racemes lax, short-peduncled, 2-3 in. long,
exceeding the leaves. Pods deflexed, f-1 in. long, clothed with minute adpressed
deciduous grey hairs, the valves broadly rounded.

21. S. angulosa, Edgeiv. MSS. ; suffruticose, branches and membranous
leaves thinly clothed with adpressed grey hairs, leaflets opposite 5 oblong,
racemes elongated, pod short moniliform 1-3-seeded. I. subulata var. angulosa,
Eclgeio. in Linn. Journ. ix. 311.

Bundelkund, Edgeworth. r

General habit, leaves and flowers of the two preceding. Leaflets 1-1^ ini long,
pale grey-green. Racemes peduncled, 30-50 -flowered, reaching 4-6 in. long, much
exceeding the leaves. Pod §-£ in. long, deeply constricted between the seeds, with
a beak which is gradually narrowed into the style. [■+

22. S. pauclfolia, Delile; DC. Prodr. ii. 224; shrubby, branched and
subcoriaceous leaves ar^enteo-canescent, leaflets 3-5 alternate, pods 6-8-seeded
torulose recurved. Wall. Cat. 5454 ; W. f A. Prodr. 201 ; Wight Ic. t. 331 ;
Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 59 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 190. I. argentea, Boxb. Fl.
Ind. iii. 374 ; Wall. Cat. 5455, ex parte, non Linn. I. heterophvlla,
Boxb. MSS.

Plains from. Scinde and the Upper Ganges to Ceylon. — Distrib. Java, Beloo-
chistan, Arabia, Trop. Africa.

A shrub reaching 4-6 ft. high, with copious woody branches. Leaflets firm, ob-
lanceolate-oblong, .^-1 in. long, sometimes solitary on the branches ; petiole short, but
distinct. Racemes short-peduncled, 20-50-flowered, reaching 3-4 in. long. Calyx
silvery, fa in. ; teeth lanceolate-cuspidate, as long as the tube. Corolla red, 3-4 timts
the calyx, thinly silvery externally. Pod ^~f in. long, glaucous, distinctly torulose.

** Leaflets many, ojoposite (except I. endecaphglld) ; flowers small.

23. S. parvifiora, Ilegne; herbaceous, thinly argenteo-canescent, leaflets
7-9 linear or narrow oblanceolate opposite pod long glabrescent 15-20-
seeded recurved at the tip. Wall. Cat. 5457; W. # A. Prodr. 201. I.
linearis, Guill. & Per. Fl. Sencg. 184. Indigastrum deiiexum, Jaub. $ Spach.
III. t. 492.

VOL. II. H

98 L. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) [Indigofera*

Plains of the Carnatic and West Peninsula. — Distrib. Arabia, Trop. Africa,
N. Australia.

A subereet copiously-branched annual, 1-2 ft. high, with slender finely canescent
stems. Leaves short-petioled, l|-2 in. long ; leaflets membranous, £-1 in. long, obtuse
or subacute, thinly argenteo-canescent ; stipules minuto, setaceous. Bacemes con-
gested, sessile, -£-1 in. long, 6-12-flowered. Calyx ^ in. ; teeth linear, long. Corolla
lilac, 2-3 times the calyx. Pod 1-1£ in. long, finely canescent when young.

24. X. endecapliylla, Jacq. Ic. t. 570 ; herbaceous, stem and leaves with
only a few adpressed hairs, leaflets 6-9 oblanceolate alternate, pod straight
jrlabrescent 6-10-seeded. DC. Prodr. ii. 228 ; Bat. Reg. t. 789. I. pusilla,
Lamk. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 229 ? I. Kleinii, W. # A. Prodr. 204. I. debilis, Grah.
in Wall. Cat. 5466. I. anceps, Vahl. ; Poir. Diet. Suppl. iii. 147. I. Schini-
periana, HocJist. in Schimp. PL Abyss. No. 866.

Plains of the Western Peninsula. Birma, Wallich. — Distrib. Cape, Trop.
Africa, Siam, China.

An annual or biennial, with trailing stems 1-2 ft. long. Leaves nearly sessile, 1-3
in. long; leaflets membranous, obtuse, £-^ in. long, with a few adpressed grey hairs ;
stipules :}-g- in., lanceolate, acuminate. Bacemes close, usually peduncled, 1-4 in. long.
Calyx j,^ in. ; teeth setaceous, long. Corolla violet-purple,, twice the calyx. Pods.
deflexed, £-1 in. long. — If Lamarck's name belong here it has priority.

25. S„ hiTBUta. Linn.-. DC. Prodr. ii. 228; herbaceous, stems densely
clothed with f?j v: spreading pubescence, leaflets 5-11 opposite large obovate,
pod short straight pubescent 6-8-seeded. Wall. Cat. 5450 ; W. § A. Prodr.
204 ; Rpxb. Fl. hid. iii. 376 ; Jacq. Ic. t. 569 ; Hook. Comp. Bot. May. t. 24.
I. fusca, Q. %)on, Gen. Syst. ii. 211. I. femiginea, Schum. fy Thonn. PI. Guin.
370r—Ii>iecde Ilori. Mai. ix. t. 30.

— - Piatns-frpin the Himalayas (ascending to 4500 ft. in Xumaon) to Ceylon, Ava,

and Tenasserim. — Distkib. Trop. Africa, Trop. America, Java, Philippines, N.
•* Australia.

Annual or biennial, subereet, reaching 2-4 ft. high, the pubescence grey or brown.

Leaves shbrt-petioled, 2-5 in. long ; leaflets membranous, grey-green, glaucous below,.

reaching 1-2 in. long, densely coated with adpressed hairs; stipules setaceous,
• plumose. Bacemes short-peduncled, very dense, 2-6 in. long. Calyx §• in., densely

pubescent ; teeth setaceous, long, plumose. Corolla red, not much exserted. Pod

^--J in. long, densely clothed like the branches.

26. X. semitarijugra,' Forsk.; DC. Prodr. ii. 230; suffruticose, densely
argenteo-canescent, leaflets opposite small obovate 5-9, pod linear straight 4-6-
seeded not torulose.

Plains of Scinde, Stocks. — Distrib. Arabia, Egypt, Abyssinia.

A low shrub, diffusely branched from the base. Leaves under 1 in. long ;
leaflets obtuse, £-£ in. long, subcoriaceous, sometimes emarginate ; stipules
minute, setaceous. Bacemes laxly 6-12-flowered, short-peduncled, usually exceeding
the leaves. Calyx ~ in., canescent ; teeth linear-lanceolate, as long as the tube.
Corolla twice the calyx, thinly silvery externally. Pod ^ in. long, turgid, canescent.

27. X. arg'entea, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 224; shrubby, densely argenteo-
canescent, leaflets large obovate, pod reflexed 3-4-seeded torulose. LPIer.
Stirp. t. 79 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 190, non Ro.rb. nee Wall. I. glauca, Lamk.
Diet. iii. 246. I. articulata, Gouan III. 49. I. tinctoria, Forsk. Egypt. 138,
non Linn.

Indigofera.'] l. leguminos^:. (J. G. Baker.) 99

Plains of Scinde, Stocks. — Distrib. Arabia, Egypt, Abyssinia.

A shrub several feet high, with sulcate woody branches. Leaves 1-2 in. long ;
leaflets opposite, subcoriaceous, persistently argenteous,, ^-1 in. long ; petiole ^ in. ;
stipules minute, setaceous. Racemes subsessile, 12-20-flowered, shorter than the
leaves, ^-1 in. long whilst in flower. Calyx ^ in., carapanulate, argenteous ; teeth
deltoid, cuspidate, as long as tube. Corolla, £ in., reddish-yellow, externally canescent.
^Pod §-| in. by £ in., at first argenteous, finally glabrescent, distinctly torulose.

Vae. ctsrulea; leaves 2-3 in. long, leaflets 7-9 less argenteous than in the
type, racemes more elongated 1-2 in. long, pod less decidedly torulose. I.
cserulea, Roxb. Fl. 2nd. iii. 377 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 203 ; Wt. Ic. t. 366 ; Dalz. $ Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 59. I. retusa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5476. I. brachycarpa, Grah. in Wall.
Cat. 5470. I. tinctoria, var. brachycarpa, DC. Prodr. ii. 224. Plains of Banda and
the "Western Peninsula.

2,8. 3. tmctoria, Linn.; DC. Prodr. ii. 224 (excl. var. (3) ; shrubby,
faintly argenteo-cane^eent, leaflets 9-13 large obovate-oblong, pod nearly-
straight 8-12-seeded not torulose. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 379 ; Wall. Cat. 5474 j
W. Sf A. Prodr. 202 ; Wt. Ic. t. 365 ; Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 59 ; Brand.
For. Fl. 135. I. indiea, Lamk. Diet. iii. 245. I. surnatrana, Gaertn. Fruct.
ii. 317, t. 148— Rheecle Sort. Mai. i. t. 54.

The universally cultivated indigo. Whether it be truly wild is doubtful.

A shrub 4-6 ft. high, with twiggy woody thinly silvery Ranches. Leaves 1-2 in.
long ; leaflets opposite, membranous, turning blackish wML dried ; petiole i-1 in.
Racemes lax, nearly sessile, 2-4 in. long. Calyx ^ in., silver^kteeth as long as the
tube. Corolla ^-£ in., reddish-yellow. Pod f-1 in. long, — hL thick, glabrescent,
scarcely at all recurved. — 1. Anil, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 225, also commonly culti-
vated, a native of America, differs by its short congested racemes and pod turned
.back like a sickle. I. flaccid a var. consiricta, Thwaites Enuni. 411,'taom Ceylon, m.
is probably a distinct species, but the flowers are unknown. It has the habit and
leaves of 2. tinctoria, with a slender tetraquetrous subtorulose 4-6-seeded pod.

29. X. Wi^htii, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5458 ; shrubby, densely arge'
canescent, leaflets 11-21 small oblanceolate, pod linear straight 8-12-se^
not torulose. W. %■ A. Prodr. 202 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 59. I. foliol
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5485. I. polyphylla, Bottler MSS. non Heyne nee DC.
I. inamcena, Thwaites Enum. 83.

Plains of the Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

A low shrub, with numerous erecto-patent silvery woody branches. Leaves
short-petioled, 1^-2 in. long ; leaflets opposite, rigidly subcoriaceous, persistently
silvery, obtuse, ^— \ in. long. Racemes sessile, dense, 1-1^- in. long. Calyx ^ in.,
silvery; teeth linear, as long as the tube. Corolla yellowish red, £-£ in. long,
externally canescent. Pod turgid, straight, finely canescent, 1-1 £ in. long.

*** Leajlets many, opposite (except I. Dosua) ; Jlotvers large for the genus.

30. X. cylindracea, Wall. Cat. 5482; shrubby, branches glabrous,
leaflets small oblong obscurely hispid, stipellte and bracts minute, pedicels
elongated.

Nepal, Wallich. «

An erect shrubby perennial, with slender woody erecto-patent branches. Leaves
short-petioled, 1^-2 in. long ; leaflets membranous, opposite, obtuse, green above, pale
below, §-£ in. long, both sides with a few short adpressed hairs. Racemes very lax,

h2

100 l. leguminos;e. (J. G. Baker.) [Indigofera.

short-peduncled, finally 3-4 in. long; pedicels J~i in. Calyx oblique, X in. ; teeth
short. Corolla ^ in. long, pale red. Pod straight, glabrescent, turgid, \h-\% in.
long, 8-10-seeded.

31. I. leptostachya, DC. Prodr. ii. 225? shrubby, branches glabrous,
leaflets middle-sized oblanceolate-oblong 13-19 obscurely hispid, stipellae minute,
pedicels short, bracts 0.

Khasia and Sikkim, temperate zone, 5-8000 ft., H. f. $ T.

An erect shrub, reaching 10 ft. high, with slender twiggy branches, thinly silky
only when young. Leaves short-petioled, 3-4 in. long ; leaflets membranous, opposite,
t|— 1 in. long, green above, glaucous below, nearly glabrescent. Peduncles reaching
1-2 in. ; racemes lax, finally 2-3 in. long ; pedicels not much longer than the calyx.
Calyx ^ in., finely brown-silky ; teeth short, deltoid. Corolla £-§ in., pale red, canes-
cent externally. Pod glabrous, straight, 1-1^ in. long, 6-8-seeded, turgid, with narrow
sutures. — The Candollean synonym may not unlikely belong to a form of I. jpidchclla.

32. X. G-erardiana, Wall. Cat. 5486 ; shrubby, branchlets argenteo-
canescent, leaflets small oblanceolate-oblong 9-17, stipellae and bracts minute.

Temperate and subtropical Western Himalaya ; common, from the Saltrange
to Kumaon, alt. 2-10,000 ft.— Distrib. Afghanistan.

A low copiously-branched shrub, the branchlets distinctly argenteo-eanes-
cent. Leaves short-petioled, 1-2 in. long; leaflets subcoriaceous, §-i in. long,
opposite, pale grey-greejfe. thinly clothed with short white bristles above, glaucous and
thinly argenteo-canesjmt below, obtuse, often emarginate. Racemes distinctly pe-
duneled, 1-2 in. Ionfljp2-20-flowered ; pedicels very short. Calyx obliquely cam -
panulate, argcnteousf ■— in. Long; teeth deltoid-cuspidate. Corolla |-£ in., pale re<i.
externally. Pod 1^-2 in. long, subcylindrical, glabrous, 6-10-seeded;

)W.

ntha ; leaflets more numerous 1 7-25 smaller, corolla and pod
jS&rmer, £ in., the latter t-l£ in. long. I. heterantha. Wall. Cat.
5480J-4.7;.C. ex parte. Brand. For. Fl. 135. I. Dosua, Wall. Cat. 5481 B. ; Bot.
i. -r)7. non^Hamilt. I. virgata, Boxb, Fl. hid. iii. 383? I. quadrangular is,
^KmVall. Cat. 5483. I. polyphylla, DC. Prodr. 227 ?— Temperate and sub-
^P?al Himalayas, as far east as.Khasia- and Bhotan, ascending to 8000 ft. —
Rtrib. Afghanistan.

X. ^aT.espoi&es, DC. Prodr. ii. 225; shrubby, branches glabrescent,
1-rje < °i:i on <r 11-25, stipellte and bracts minute. I. uncinata, Roxh.

Fl. Lad, iii. 382 ; 'Well. Cat. 5472. I. Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 5488. I.

Zollingeriana, Miq. Flor. Lid. Bat.i. 310?

Tropical zone; Khapja nnd Mergui to Ceylox, Malacca and Siam. — Distrib.
Malay isles, Philippines, S. China.

A tall shrub, with twiggy woody brandies, thinly coated with adpressed hairs at
first. Leaves distinctly petioled, ^—1 ft. long; leaflets opposite, membranous, usually
obtuse, 1-H or 2 in. long, grgen above, glaucous below, the hairs short, adpressed, quite
obscure. Racemes short-peduncled, very dense, 2-3 in. long, not lengthened in fruit.
Calyx i in., canescent; teeth short, deltoid. Corolla pale red, §-£ in., finely
eanescent externally. Pods glabrous, the longest of the genus, 2|— 3 in. long, sub-
eylindrical, straight, 15-18-seeded, beaked.

34. X. bracteata, Grali. in Wall. Cat. 5477; suffruticose, branches
glabrescent, leaves middle-sized oblanceolate-oblong 7-17, stipellaB and bracts
large.

Kitasia. 5-6000 ft., Hook. fit. Sc Thomson; Nipal, Wallich'; and an exstipellate
form from Kashmir, 5-6000 ft., Thomson.

Indigo/era.] l. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) 101

A low shrub, with copious slender trailing branches with a few adpressed hairs
at first. Leaves distinctly petioled, 3-4 in., long. ; leaflets opposite, membranous,
-V-l in. long, obtuse, pale green above, glaucous beneath, nearly glabrous ; stipella*
setaceous, i in. long. Peduncles reaching 2-3 in., bearing a close short raceme,
bracts herbaceous, boat-shaped, with a cusp, enfolding the buds. Calyx pj<n.,
campanulate, obscurely hairy; teeth deltoid. Corolla § in. long, pale red. Pod
linear, glabrous, not seen mature.

35. I. atropurpurea, Uamilt.; DC. Prodr. ii. 225; shrubby, "branches
glabrescent, leaflets large oblong 11-17, stipellEe minute, bracts lanceolate
acuminate exceeding the buds. Don Prodr. 244 ; Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 881 ;
Wall. Cat. 54G3 ; Wight Ic. t. 369 ; Brand. For. Fl. 136 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3065 ;
Bot. Beg. t. 1744. I. Hamiltonii, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5465.

Tropical and temperate zones, through the Himalayas, from Hazara and the
Punjab to Khasia, reaching 9000 ft.

A tall shrub, with twiggy woody branches, only thinly coated with adpressed hairs
at first. Leaves reaching 6-9 in. long ; leaflets opposite, membranous, obtuse, usually
1-1 \ in. long, green above, pale green below, glabrescent ; petiole 1-2 in. Racemes
short-peduncled, long and narrow, 4-8 in. long, dense upwards ; bracts \ in., subper-
sistent, narrowed gradually into a long point ; pedicels very short. Calyx ^ in.,
obliquely campanulate ; teeth short, deltoid. Corolla \-^ in., a much darker deeper
red than in any of the others. Pod linear, turgid, 1—1^ in. long, glabrous, 6-10-
seeded, not at all reflexed or narrowed into a beak.

0

v

36. Z. hebepetala, Benth. MSS. ; shrubby, » branches glabrescent,.
leaflets large oblong 13-17 membranous, stipellEe distinct, ' bracts boat-shaped
cuspidate exceeding the buds.

Himalayas, from Kashmir to Sikkim, 6-15,000 ft. '

A tall shrub, with twiggy woody branches, only thinly coated with adpressed hairs
in the young state. Leaves 4-6 in. long ; leaflets opposite, membranous, obtuse, usually
1-H in. long, much smaller in a subalpine form, dull green above, pale but scarcely
glaucous below, with a few short adpressed bristly hairs on both sides. Racemes
peduncled, 2-4 in. long, laxly 12-20-flowered ; pedicels and calyx as in the last ; bracts
more deciduous, enclosing the buds, with a setaceous tip protruding beyond them.
Corolla § in. deep, a much lighter and more crimson red than in 1. atropurpurea,
glabrous externally, the keel £ in. deep. Pod glabrous, turgid, straight, H-2 in. long,
8-10-seeded.

37. I. pulchella, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 57; Fl. Ind. iii. 382; shrubby,
branches obscurely hispid, leaflets large obovate-oblong 13-17 subcoriaceous,
stipellae abortive or very minute, bracts exceeding the buds. W. 8f A. Prodr.
203 ; Wight Ic. t. 367 ; Bah. $ Gibs. Bomb: Fl. 60 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 85 ? Anal.
Gen. t. 12, fig. 1. I. purpurascens, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 383. I. cassioides,
BoKler ; DC. Prodr. ii. 225 ; Wall. Cat. 5468. I. verrucosa, Grah. in Wall.
Cat. 5469. I. glaucescens, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5484. I. elliptica, Boxb. Fl.
Ind. iii. 380. I. violacea, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 380 ; Wall. Cat. 5479 ; Bot. Mag.
t. 3348. I. arborea, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 381 ; Wall. Cat. 5478 ; Wight Ic. t.
368. I. Jirahulia, Hamilt. in Wall. Cat. 5464. I. Gibsonii, Grah. Cat. Bomb.
PL 46.

Throughout the Himalayas and hills of India proper, ascending to 5000 ft. in
Ktjmaox.

A shrub 4-6 feet high, the trunk reaching the thickness of a man's leg. Branches
sulcate, thinly coated with grey adpressed hairs at first, soon glabrescent. Leaves
short-petioled, 3-6 in. long; leaflets opposite, firmer in texture than its allies,
obtuse, often emarginate, usually f-1 in. long, pale green above, glaucous below, thinly

102 L. LEGUMINOS2E. (J. G. Baker.) [Indigofera.

coated -with short adpressed grey hairs. Racemes short-peduneled, moderately close,
1-3 in. long ; pedicels short ; bracts exceeding the buds, usually boat-shaped with a
cusp. ' Calyx j~ in. long, argenteo-canescent ; teeth short deltoid. Corolla bright
red, glabrous externally, the largest of all the species, generally f-i in., reaching
3-| in. long, the standard § in. broad, reflexed in the expanded flower. Pod straight,
turgid, glabrous, Ij-lf in. long, 8-12-seeded, the sutures broader than in the
preceding. """""

38. X. Dosua, Hamilt. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 225 ; shrubby, branches densely
pubescent, leaflets small linear-oblong 21-31, stipellse abortive, bracts exceeding
the buds. Don Prodr. 244 ; Wall. Cat. 5481 A, non B, nee Bot. Req. 28, t. 57.
I. keterantha, Wall. Cat. 5480 C, ex parte. I. virgata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 383 ?

Temperate Central and East Himalayas ; Simla to Bhotan and Assam,
6-8000 ft.

A low shrub, with woody branches, clothed with short spreading grey or
brownish pubescence. Leaves subsessile, 1-3 in. long; leaflets usually opposite, mem-
branous, obtuse, \-^ in. long, dull green above, glaucous below, more or less densely
pubescent. Racemes distinctly peduncled, moderately close, 1-3 in. long ; bracts £ in.
long, lanceolate-cuspidate, silky ; pedicels very short. Calyx ^ in., densely silky ;
teeth deltoid-cuspidate. Corolla bright red, glabrous, §-|- in. Pod straight, glabrescent,
1-1|- in. long, 8-12-seeded, with very broad sutures.

Var. tomentosa ; branches clothed with dense brown silky pubescence, leaves
6-9 in. long, leaflets 41-51 often subaciite and 1 in. long, racemes longer, bracts
densely brown-velvety, with a very long") cusp. I. tomentosa, Grah. in Wall.
Cat. 5487. I. stachyodes, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 14.— Khasia, Sikkim, Silhet,
Bhotan, 1-5000 ft.

Group 6. Paniculatce. Leaves odd-pinnate. Flowers inpanicled racemes.

39. I. mysorensis, Rottl. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 222 ; Wall. Cat. 5459 ; W. $ A.
Prodr. 202. I. polyphylla, Heyne MSS., non. DC.

Plains of the Carnatic, Heyne.

A low erect copiously-branched shmb, the young stems slender, clothed with
short spreading grey pubescence. Leaves sessile, of the main branches 1-3 in. long ;
leaflets 11-21, oblong, membranous, opposite, f-j in. long, thinly clothed on both
sides with adpressed grey hairs ; stipules setaceous, ^ in., persistent. Racemes lax,
elong%ted, more or less panicled, each flower subtended by a bract just like the leaflets,
and the branches furnished low down with 3-5-foliolate leaves. Calyx £ in. ; teeth
lanceolate, very long. Corolla red, glabrous, twice the calyx. Pod linear-cylindrical,
straight, £-§ in. long, 4-C-seeded, finely pubescent.

Subgex. 4. Amecarpus, Benth. Ovary with, at least two ovules.
Pod linear, unarmed, flattened. •

40. X. anabaptista, Steud. Norn. edit. 2, 805. I. Hochstetteri, Baker
in Oliv. Flor. Trop. Africa, ii. 101. I. ornithopodioides, Hochst. et Steud. in
Schimp. Hb. Arab. No. 7G9 ; Jaub. et Sjmch HI. PI. Orient, t. 480 ; Boiss.
Fl. Orient, ii. 188, non Schum. et Thonn.

Plains of Scinde and the Punjab. — Distrib. Afghanistan, Arabia, Nile-country.

A diffuse annual, with stems 1 ft. or more long, thinly clothed with adpressed
white hairs. Leaves short-petioled ; leaflets 3-7, opposite, oblanceolate |-1 in. long.
Racemes short-peduncled, closely 12-20 -flowered, under an inch long. Calyx £ in.,
argenteo-canescent ; teeth setaceous. Corolla scarcely exserted. Pod linear, reflexed,
£-| in. long, 6-8-seeded.

Fsoralea."] l. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) 103

18. PSOE&LEA, Linn.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves simple or odd-pinnate, conspicuously
gland-dotted. Calyx-tuhe campanulate ; teetli 5, distinct. Corolla little ex-
serted; petals all with distinct claws; keel obtuse, the tip slightly incurved.
Upper stamen free or connate, the tube in an early stage often closed ; anthers
small, uniform or slightly dimorphous. Ovary sessile or short-stalked, ovulate ;
style long, filiform, incurved, stigma minute, terminal. Pod ovoid or oblong,
1-seeded, indehiscent, the pericarp adhering to the seed. — Distrib. Species
about 100, mainly Cape and N. American.

1. P. cprylifolia, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 218; herbaceous, leaves simple,
racemes dense short. Burm. Fl. Ind. 172, t. 49, fig. 2 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 387 ;
Wall. Cat. 5351 ; TV. $ A. Prodr. 198 ; Bot. Mag. t. 665 ; Date. $ Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 60. Trifolimn unifolium, Forsk. Flor. Mjypt. Arab. 130 ; Burm. Fl. Ind.
t. 49.

Plains from the Himalayas through India proper to Ceylon.

An erect annual, 1-3 ft. high. Branches firm, conspicuously gland-dotted. Leaves
distinctly petioled, roundish, 1-3 in. long, inciso-repand, firm in texture, both sides
conspicuously dotted with black dots, nearly glabrescent. Flowers 10-30 in dense
copious long-pcduncled heads. Calyx nearly sessile, £ in. ; teeth lanceolate, long, the
lowest longest. Corolla yellow, little exserted. Bod small, black, subglobose," glabrous.

2. P. plicata, Delile ; DC. Prodr. ii. 221 ; shrubby, leaves trifoliolate,
racemes lax elongated. Delile, Egypt, t. 37, fig. 3.

Plains of the Punjab, Tliomson, Edgeworth, Stewart. — Distrib. Arabia, Egypt,
Trop. Africa.

A low copiously-branched shrub, the stems obscurely argenteo-canescent, ver-
rucose, the denuded branchlets subspinescent. Leaves short-petioled ; leaflets sub-
coriaceous, dull green, oblanceolate, obtuse, repand, gland-dotted below only, reaching
^-1 in. long, the end one largest, the side ones oblique. Racemes short-peduncled,
2-3 in. long; lower flowers in distant fascicles; bracts ovate, very minute. Calyx
^ in., clothed with adpressed white hairs, accrescent, clasping tightly the included
pod ; teeth short, the lowest longest. Corolla yellow, slightly exserted.

19. COLUTEA, Linn.

Shrubs with odd-pinnate leaves and showy yellow flowers in sparse copi-
ous axillary racemes. * Calyx campanulate, with 5 short teeth. Corolla much
exserted ; standard round, fixed in its place by two basal callosities ; keel, broad,
much incurved, not beaked. Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary sti-
pitate, linear, go -ovulate ; style filiform, much incurved, bearded along the inner
side, stigma large oblique. Pod large, membranous, inflated, continuous within,
nearly or quite indehiscent. — Distkib. Species 3 or 4, spread through South
Europe and Temperate Asia.

1. G. arborescens, Linn. var. nepalexsis. O. nepalensis, Sims Bot.
Mag. t. 2622 ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1727 ; Benth. in Royle III. 198 ; Brand. For.
FL 136.

Temperate West Himalaya, Kunawar, Tibet, Nipal, &c, alt. 8-11,000 ft. —
Distrib. Orient, S. Europe.

A subglabrous shrub, G-10 ft. high. Leaflets 9-13, obovate, pale green, £- ^ in.
long, often emarginate, obscurely silky in the young state. Racemes as long as the
leaves, laxly 3-4-flowered. Calyx £— |- in. Corolla bright yellow, f in. long ; standard
furnished at the base with two nipple-shaped papillae. Pod %-2 in. long, faintly
downy when young, splitting at the tip before ripening.

104 l. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) [Millettia.

20. 30L2LETTIA, Wt. & Arn.

Trees or large shrubs, usually climbers. Leaves odd-pinnate. Floicers showy,
in axillary racemes, often fascicled, simple or paniculate and terminal. Calyx
campanulate ; teeth, generally short or nearly obsolete. Corolla much exserted ;
petals with long claws ; standard broad ; keel not beaked. Stamens monadel-
phous or diadelphous, filaments filiform ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, linear, '
few-ovuled ^ style filiform, incurved, glabrous, stigma capitate. Pod linear or
oblong, 1- or few-seeded, flat or turgid, late in dehiscing or hardly dehiscent. —
Distrib. Species 40-50, spread through the tropics of the Old World.

Stjbgex. 1. Euxnillettia. Standard not auricled at the base. Stamens

monadelphous or diadelphous. *

* Leaves lustrous beneath, with thin silky pubescence.

1. 3iX. sericea, W. fy A. Prodr. 263 ; leaflets 7-9 coriaceous obovate-ob-
long cuspidate exstipellaf e sericeous below, standard densely silky on the back,
stamens monadelphous, pod linear velvety. Benth. PI. Jung. 248. Pongamia
sericea, Vent. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 41G. Dalbergia angustifolia, Hassle. PL Jav. Par.
399.

Forests of Birma, .Malacca, Penang, and Singapore. — Distrib. Malay
Islands.

A woody climber, the branchlets covered with fine short brown pubescence. Leaves
1 ft. or more long ; leaflets 6-9 in. long, shining and glabrous above, on petiolules
^— f in. long; pubescence beneath grey or pale brown. Bacem.es lateral, 6-9 in. long,
the lower nodes with very short branches, bearing dense fascicles of pedicellate flowers.
Calyx £ in., silky, scarcely toothed. Corolla |-^- in., reddish, very silky. Pod
4-5 in. long, densely coated with thick dark brown velvet*

2. X&. rubig*mosa5 TV. # A. Prodr. 263 ; leaflets 5-7 coriaceous obovate-
oblong cuspidate stipellate sericeous beneath, standard densely silky on the back,
stamens diadelphous, pod oblong glabrescent. Wight Lc. t. 207.

Hills in. the Carnatic near Courtallum, Wight.

Habit of the preceding, the branchlets and underside of the leaves ' coated with
persistent shining yellowish-brown silky down. Leaflets 4-8 in. long, not shining,
when young sericeous also above ; stipelbe obscure ; petiolules ^— | in. long. Bacemes
nearly as long as the leaves, most of the nodes bearing short branchlets, on the tip of
which the flowers are fascicled. Calyx campanulate, silky, ^ in., short-pedicelled.
Corolla reddish, ^ in., densely silky. Pod 2-3 in. long, sublignose, 2-3-seeded,
when young densely velvety.

3. M. splendens, W. §• A. Prodr. 263 ; leaflets 7-9 coriaceous oblanceo-
late-oblong cuspidate stipellate sericeous below, standard densely silky on the
back, stamens diadelphous.

Tropical forests of the- Nilghiris and Anamaixay hills.

Habit and inflorescence of the two preceding, the branchlets and leaves beneath
coated persistently with white or yellowish-brown shining short silky hairs. Leaflets
6-9 in. long, opaque, glabrous above ; 6tipellse setaceous ; petiolules %—$ in. Bacemes
shorter than the leaves, the nearly sessile flowers densely fascicled at the end of short
branchlets. Calyx ^— £ in., densely silky, with a pair of small ovate bracteoles. Corolla
reddish, \ in. long. Ovary linear, densely silky, 4-5 ovulate. Pod not seen.

** Leaves opaque, pubescent beneath.

4. M. pulchra, Benth. MSS. ; leaflets small 15-19 scarcely subcoria-

Millettia.'] l. leguminos;e. (J. G. Baker.) 105

ceous oblanceolate-oblong acute stipellate slightly silky below, standard glabrous
on the back, stamens nionadelphous, pod glabrous linear rigidly coriaceous flat
smooth. Mundulea pulchra, Benth. PI. Jung. 248. Teplirosia pulchra, Coleb. in

Wall. Cat. 5630. Pongamia cassioides, Wall. Cat. 5918. Dalbergia tephrosioides,.

W. $ A. Prodr. 210.

Forests of Khasia, Assam, Silhet, Avas> and Birma, ascending to 4000 ft. —

Distrib. Philippines, Cuming, 1208 ?

An erect tree, with the branches and leaves below thinly clothed with opaque greyish
silkish pubescence. Leaves and leaflets the smallest of all the species, the former
not more than 2-5 in. long, green and pubescent above ; petiolules very short and
stipellae minute. Eacemes copious, shorter than the leaves, the flowers fascicled, shortly
peduncled from the main rachis. Calyx ^ in., scarcely toothed. Corolla reddish, §-£
in. Pod 2-4 in long, ^ in. broad, 1-4-seeded.

5. 2RE. racemosa, Benth. PI. Jung. 249; leaflets 13-15 scarcely subcoria-
ceoiis obovateroblong acute distinctly stipellate slightly downy beneath, standard
glabrous on the back, stamens' diadelphous, pod coriaceous glabrous torulose.
Tephrosia racemosa, W. Sf A. Prodr. 210 ? Kobinia racemosa, Roxb. Fl. 2nd.
iii. 329 ? Pongamia racemosa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5914. Wisteria pallida,
Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Flora, 61. W. racemosa, Dalz. § Gibs. loc. cit. Pongamia
Corcor, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5891 ? Millettia pallida, Dalz. in Linn. Journ.
xiii. 187.

Tropical forests of the Coxcan and Orissa.

A woody climber, with thinly silky branches. Leaves reaching 1 ft. long ; leaflets
2-3 in. long, scarcely more than membranous, glabrous above, obscurely silky or gla-
brescent below ; petiolules short, with large setaceous stipellse. Eacemes copiously pa-
nicled, the flowers not fascicled on short branchlets, but close shortly pedicellate on
the main rachis ; bracts exceeding the buds, setaceous, deciduous. Calyx p- in., densely
silky. Corolla ■§— | in., whitish. Pod linear, narrow, ^ ft. long, 4-5-seeded.

Koxburgh's plant, which inhabits the forests of Orissa, may be distinct. As
figured in his set of unpublished plates it has red flowers and much smaller bracts.

6. 1H. pendula, Benth. PI. Jung. 250 ; leaflets 7 obovate-oblong cuspi-
date membranous exstipellate closely silky beneath, standard glabrous, pod flat
woody glabrous. Pongamia pendula, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5902. Millettia
leucantha, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 68.

Ava, Prome hills, Wallich ; Birjia, forests of Pegu, McLelland, Kurz.

An erect tree, with thinly silky branchlets, and leaves 4 ft. long. Leaflets thin,
flexible, 2-3 in. long, dull green, thinly silky above, when mature densely clothed with
adpressed grey silky pubescence below, the lowest as long as broad ; petiolules under
\ in. Flowers in short dense racemes in the axils of the leaves ; pedicels densely
fascicled, £-£ in. Calyx £-| in., shortly grey-silky ; teeth deltoid, shorter than the
tube. Corolla shorter than the calyx. Pod oblong, 3-o in. long, 1^ in. broad, tubercled,
1-3-seeded.

7. VfK. cana, Benth. PI. Jung. 250; leaflets 7 obovate-oblong rather -
obtuse coriaceous exstipellate thinly matted with adpressed grey hairs beneath,
standard glabrous, pod flat rigidly coriaceous obscurely grey-canescent. Pon-
gamia cana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5903.

Ava; banks- of the Irrawaddi at Yenanghuen, Wallich.

Climber, with grey pubescent branches and leaf-rachis, the latter £ ft. long. Side
leaflets oblong, 2^-3 in. long, the end one obovate ; upper surface glabrous, rather
shining ; petiolules ^ in. Buds densely crowded ; pedicels very short ; bracts lanceo-
late, silky, as long as the calyx. Calyx minute, densely brown-sericeous ; teeth del-
toid/ half as long as the tube. Pod dehiscing early for the genus, 2-3 by f-£ in.

106 L. LEGUMiNOSiE. (J. G. Baker.) [Millettia.

8. XIX. tetraptera, Kurt in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 69 ; leaflets 7
subcoriaceous obovate-oblong exstipellate at first densely softly pubescent on
both sides, standard glabrous, stamens monadelphous, pod glabrous indehiscent
with each suture produced into a broad hard horizontal wing on both sides.
Pongamia tetraptera, Hort. Calc. Legum. indeterni., Wall. Cat. 5976.

Birma ; forests of Pegu, &c. Wallich, Griffith, Kurz.

An erect tree, with branchlets clothed with dense drab-brown short pubescence.
Leaflets obtuse, 3-4 in. long, flexible and densely soft-pubescent at first, but becoming
rigid and glabrescent when mature ; petiolules under \ in. Flowers in short close
nearly sessile racemes in the axils of the leaves ; pedicles fascicled, i-^ in. Calyx
^ in., thinly clothed with adpressed hairs ; teeth deltoid. Corolla pale blue. Tod
sublignose, quadrangular, straight, linear 3-4 in. long, nearly an inch thick, the wings
^-| in. broad in the middle, narrowed to each end.

9. 1ft. pubinervis, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 68 ; leaflets
elliptic-obovate obtusely acuminate glaucous and pubescent on the midrib below,
standard glabrous on the back, ovary pubescent, pod unknown.

Mabtaban, Kurz.

An erect tree 20-25 ft. high, the young parts puberulous. Leaf\ ft. with a puber-
ulous rachis ; leaflets (number not stated) 2-3 in. long, thinly chartaceous. Racemes
leaf-opposed, slender, simple, 2^-3 in. long ; pedicels capillary, pubescent, solitary or
fascicled. Calyx reddish, broader than deep, ~— |-in. long, slightly pubescent, obscurely
toothed. Corolla yellowish-white ; standard above % in. long. — Kurz loc. cit.

10. IMC. monticola, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 67 ; leaflets
7-9 oblong shortly acuminate fulvo-pubescent beneath, standard glabrous, ovary
thinly ferrugineo-pubescent, pod unknown.

Martaban, alt. 7000 ft., Kurz.

A robust climber, resembling M. pachycarpa, with verrucose branches and ferru-
gineo-pubescent glabrescent branchlets. Leaflets petioluled, with adpressed fulvous
pubescence on the ribs. Flowers blue, in simple solitary racemes 4-7 in. long, arising
above the scars of the fallen leaves. Calyx £- £ in., longer than broad ; teeth obscure,
anterior one largest. Standard ^ in., petals much smaller than those of M. pachycarpa.
— Kurz loc. cit.

11. RX. pachycarpa, Benth. PI. Jung. 250 •, leaflets 11-13 subcoriaceous
oblanceolate-oblong cuspidate exstipellate finely downy below, standard glabrous
on the back, stamens monadelpbous, pod woody rugose glabrous.

Forests of Khasia, Sikkim, and Assam up to 4000 ft. Malacca, Griffith.

A large climber, with the branches and leaves below more or less densely clothed
with pale brown pubescence. Leaves 1 ft. or more long; leaflets 6-8 in. long, gla-
brous, opaque above, sometimes subcaudate, the pubescence below short, loose, decidu-
ous ; petiolules £- £ in. Racemes copious, 6-9 in. long, most of the nodes with short
branchlets. Calyx £-£ in., distinctly pedicelled, densely downy ; teeth very short.
Corolla f-1 in. long. Pod 1-3-seeded, rugose, l-l£ in. broad, reaching 4-5 in. long.

*** Mature leaflets glabrescent beneath.

12. 1*1. cinerea, Benth. PI. Jung. 249 ; leaflets 5-7 obovate-oblong cuspi-
date membranous stipellate soon glabrescent beneath, standard densely silky on the
back, stamens diadelphous, pod thick linear velvety torulose. Pongamia cinerea,
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5888. P. palustris, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5889 ; P. pani-
culata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5904. P. heterocarpa, Wall. MSS. P. oblonga,
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5893?

Millettia."] l. leguminos^e. (J. G. Baker.) 107

Forests of Sikkim, Khasia, Silhet, Assam, Chittagong, and Birma, ascending to
4000 ft— Distrib. China ?

A -woody climber, with young branchlets and leaves below with a little opaque
grey deciduous pubescence. Leaflets large, reaching ^-1 ft. long, thin and flexible ;
both sides green ; petiolules and setaceous stipellae ^-£ in. Racemes most or all in a
panicle above the leaves ; flowers distinctly pedicellate, not fascicled, subtended by a
pair of setaceous bracteoles. Calyx £ in., densely silky, distinctly toothed. Corolla
^-f in., densely coated with grey silk. Pod very turgid, 4-5 in. long, 1 in. broad,
3-5 -seeded, sublignose.

13. DX. ovalifolia, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 68, excl. syn.
W. § A. ; leaflets 7 ovate-elliptic shortly acuminate chartaceoiis glabrous,

standard glabrous on the back, pod small linear-oblong glabrous nattish with
obtuse sutures.

Birma, at Prome, Kurz.

An erect glabrous middle-sized tree. Leaves £-1^ ft. ; leaflets |— 1 in. long, glau-
cescent and finely reticulated beneath ; petiolules slender, i to £ in. Racemes slender,
glabrous, 2-3 inches, one or several together, arising from young branchlets ; pedi-
cels capillary, solitary or fascicled. Calyx glabrous, purplish, broader than long, i in.,
long, nearly truncate. Corolla blue ; standard \ in. long. Pod 2-3 in. long, 2-3-seeded
at middle, sublignose, pale, incurved, narrowed to base, sparsely verrucose. — Kurz
loc. cit.

14. EC. caerulea, Baker ; leaflets 7 obovate-obiong cuspidate subcoria-
ceous stipellate glabrous, standard densely silky, stamens monadelphous, pod
large flat rather woody finely brown-velvety. Ponganria caerulea, Grah. in Wall.
Cat. 6894.

Ava, at Phanoe, Wallich ; Malacca, Maingay.

A woody climber, with glabrous branches. Leaflets 4-6 in. long, glabrous on both
sides from an early stage; petiolules £-£ in. Flowers in close short-ped uncled racemes
in the axils of the leaves ; pedicels very short, densely fascicled. Calyx campanulate,
-~ long, faintly silky, nearly truncate. Corolla three times the calyx, the standard
densely white-canescent on the back. Pod linear-oblong, 7-8 in. long, 1|— If in. broad,
recurved, late in dehiscing, clothed with dense short persistent brown velvety pubes-
cence.

15. BX. glaucescens, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 67 ;
leaflets obovate-obiong cuspidate membranous exstipellate glabrous beneath,
standard glabrous on the back, stamens monadelphous, pod flat on the face
woody linear-oblong glabrous not torulose with both sutures expanded into
narrow wings. .

Birma ; forests of Pegu and Martaban, Kurz.

A woody climber, with glabrous branchlets. Leaflets thin, flexible, green above,
dull below, reaching jr ft. ; petiolules \ in. Racemes close, simple, £ ft. long, axillary on
short peduncles ; pedicels in pairs, exceeding the calyx. Calyx ^ in., with a few
minute I
by 1 in.

16. HE. Piscidia, Wight Ic. t. 86 : leaflets 5-7 obovate-obiong cuspidate
rigidly coriaceous exstipellate glabrous, standard glabrous on the back, stamens
diadelphous, pod thin compressed oblong glabrous. Galedupa Piscidia, Roxb. Fl.
Ind. iii. 241.

Forests of Sikkim, Khasia, Silhet, and Mishmi, ascending to 4000 ft.

A woody climber, with whitish, branchlets, only the youngest branchlets and leaves

108 l. leguminos^:. (J. G. Baker.) [Milleitia.

finely silky. Leaflets of medium size, reaching 3-4 in. long, both sides green, quite
glabrous; petiolules short. Bacemes copious, short, simple, laxly flowered; pedicels
J-| in., often geminate, neither bracteate nor bracteolate. Calyx £-£ in., thinly
silky ; teeth short, obtuse. Corolla snow-white, ^~§ in. Pod 3-4 in. by l-l£ in., nar-
rowed to a point ; Talves quite smooth, dehiscing earlier than in the other species.

17. IMC. Brandisiana, JSjtrz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, G9 ;
leaflets 13 or more lanceolate glabrous subcoriaceous stipellate, standard silky
on the back, stamens diadelphous, pod thin compressed ligulate-oblong glabrous.

Birma, near Yomah, Kurz.

An erect tree, with slender terete glabrous branches. Leaflets 1-1A in. long, narrowed
to an obtuse tip, rather rounded at the base. Bacemes very la*, panicled at the end of tho
branches and sending out small shoots from the lower nodes; pedicels much shorter
than the calyx ; bracts minute, glabrous, lanceolate. Calyx £ in. glabrous, broadly
campanulate ; teeth deltoid. Corolla lilac, -f-J in. Pod 3-4 in. long, under an inch
broad, 2-4-seeded, the valves quite smooth and flat, twisting when dried.

18. IWC. e riant ha, Benth. PL Jung. 250 ; leaflets 5 obovate-oblong cus-
pidate rigidly coriaceous exstipellate glabrous, standard densely silky, stamens
diadelphous, pod oblong lignose rugose glabrescent.

Forests of Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.

A woody climber, with only the youngest branches silky. Leaflets reaching o-6 in. long,
very rigid in texture, both sides green and quite glabrous ; petiolules ^--f in. Bacemes
copious, short, subsessile, dense, subspicate ; bracts large, roundish, densely silky, clasp-
ing and hiding the buds. Calyx subsessile, fin., clothed with bright yellowish-brown
silky pubescence, like the bracts and standard ; teeth as long as the tube, broad, imbri-
cated. Corolla |-4 in., densely silky. Pod beaked, turgid, 3 in. long, 1 -seeded, sub-
indehiscent.

19. IMC. atropurpurea, Benth. PL Jung. 249 ; leaflets 7-9 oblong acute
rigidly coriaceous exstipellate glabrous, standard glabrous, stamens diadelphous,
pod oblong convex smooth rather woody glabrous. Pongamia atropurpurea,

Wall. Cat. 5910 ; PI. As. Bar. t. 78.

»
Forests of Martabast, Tenasserim, Malacca, and Pexang. — Distrib. Su-
matra.

An erect tree, with thick, glabrous branches. Leaflets 4-6 in. long, very thick and
rigid, shining above, both sides quite glabrous, reticulato- venose; petiolules |-£ in. In-
florescence a dense terminal panicle above the leaves ; racemes not branched ; bracts
minute, ovate; pedicels £-£ in. Calyx \ in., thinly silky; teeth short obscure.
Corolla dark purple, 1 in. long. Pod narrowed to both ends, 3 in. long, subindehis-
cent, 1 -seeded in our specimens.

Sttbgex. 2. Otosema, Benth. Standard aurieled at the base on both
sides of the claw. Stamens monadelphous.

20. 3&E. auric ill at a, Baker ; branchlets finely downy, leaflets 7-9 obovate
obtuse or cuspidate membranous thinly silky, flowers shortly pedicellate, pod
woody permanently sericeous. Brand. For. Flor. 138. Robinia macrophylla,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 329. Pongamia macrophylla, Grali. in Wall. Cat. 5892.
Otosema macrophylla, Benth. PL Jung. 249. Amerimnum pallidum, Hamilt.
MSS. ,

Kohilcuxd and Kdmaon to Sikkim, reaching 3,300 ft.; also on Parasnath
in Behar.

Mlllettia.'] l. leguminosjs. (J. G. Baker.) 109

A large, robust, woody climber. Leaves reaching 1-2 ft. long ; petiole 4-6 in. long ;
leaflets green, glabrescent above, 6-12 in. by 3-6 in., minutely stipellate, pale below',
sometimes subcoriaceous. Flowers in copious close axillary racemes near the top of
the branches, fascicled on a downy rachis 4-6 in. long ; bracts minute, linear. Calyx
£ in., densely silky ; teeth very short. Corolla whitish, three times the calyx, densely
silky. Pod straight, very hard, 5-6 in. long, 1 in. broad ; sutures thickened.

21. IWC. fruticosa, Benth. MSS. ; branches finely downy, leaflets 9-11
oblanceplate-oblong obtuse or subacute thinly silky, flowers subsessile, pod
woody glabrescent Robinia fruticosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 328. Pongamia
fruticosa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 909. Otosenia fruticosa, Benth. PL Jung. 249.
Anierimnuni fasciculatuni, Hamilt. MSS.

Forests of Bexgal, Assam and Pegu.

A woody climber. Leaves long-petioled, |-1 ft. long ; leaflets 4-6 in. long, 1^-2
in. broad, obscurely stipellate, glabrous above, thinly sericeous beneath. Flowers
in dense short axillary racemes and also in terminal panicles. Calyx £ in., densely
sericeous, subtended by minute ovate bracts and bracteoles. Corolla -| in. red, the
standard densely silky. Pod hard and woody, silky when young, 6-7 in. by l-l£ in.

22. Tfl. extensa, Benth. MSS.; branches finely downy, leaflets 9-11
obovate-oblong membranous acute thinly silky, flmvers short-pedicelled. Pon-
gamia ? extensa, Wall. Cat. 5900. Otosema extensa, Benth. PL Jung. 249.

Mabtabax, Wallich.

A little-known climbing species, closely allied to the two preceding. Leaflets long-
petioled, distantly placed on an elongated nearly glabrous rachis, glabrescent above,
not seen fully developed. Flowers in very copious close axillary racemes 6-8 in. long
near the top of the branches. Calyx ^ in., campanulate, scarcely toothed, with a
pair of very minute bracteoles at the base. Corolla §■ in., densely silky, reddish lilac.
Pod like that of M. auriculata when young, but not seen mature.

23. ZMC. leiog*yxia, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 07 ; branches
ferrugineo-tomentose, leaflets 9-13, flowers distinctly pedicelled, ovary glabrous.

Martaban, Kurz.

A woody climber with terete minutely lenticellate branches , all the young parts
ferrugineo-tomentose. Adult leaves not known. Racemes 4-5 in., arising from
.shortened lateral branches, and forming usually ample lateral panicles ; pedicels
|-4 in., nodding, velvety. Calyx broader than deep, under \ in. long, fulvous-velvety,
obscurely toothed, upper tooth largest. Corolla glabrous, violet ; standard & in. long,
emarginate, yellow at the throat. Young pod smooth, linear, acuminate. Placed by
Kurz next to M. extensa. I have seen no speeimenv

24. XME. caudata, Baker; branches glabrous, leaflets 7-9 oblong
caudate coriaceous glabrous, flowers pedicellate, pod glabrescent not woody.
Pongamia ? caudata, Grah. Wall. Cat. 5895. Otosema caudata, Benth. PL Jung.
549.

Forests of Khasia and Silhet, ascending to 3000 ft.

A woody climber. Leaflets minutely atipellata, 6-9 in. long, firm, bright green
above, glaucous below, narrowed out at the tip into a long distinct tail. Racemes
axillary, short-peduncled, not so dense as in the others, 4-6 in. long. Calyx cam-
panulate, £ in., scarcely toothed, densely silky. Bracts very minute. Corolla
^-f in., densely silky. Pod linear, straight, rigidly-coriaceous, subequally turgid,
3-4 in. long, £ in. broad.

110 l. leguminos;e. (J. G. Baker.) [Mundulea.

Doubtful Species.

The following are probable species of Millettia, of which either flowers or pods are
unknown.

Leaflets and pod as in M. atropurpurea, but the latter 6-7 in. long, 2-2J in,
broad, smooth, woody, flat, perhaps indehiscent. — Malacca, Griffith, 1835.

Leaflets 7, subcoriaceons, obovate, very obtuse, opaque, 3-4 in. long, obscurely
grey-canescent below. Pod linear, 4-5 in. long, flat, J in. broad, several-seeded, with
similar vestiture. Pegu, McClelland. May be Padbruggia dasyphylla, Miq.
Flor. Lid. Bat. i. 150.

M. Maingayi, Baker. Leaflets 15 or more, oblong, coriaceous, 1£— 2 in. long,
rounded at both ends, pubescent below. Pod oblong, woody, indehiscent, rounded at
both ends, 4 in. long, 2£ in. broad, an inch thick, turgid, densely clothed with short
brown velvety pubescence, the surfaces traversed by deep longitudinal grooves.
Sincapore, Maingay.

Pongamia ANGUSTrFOLiA, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5917. Leaflets 9, exstipellate,
not coriaceous, glabrous, oblanceolate-oblong, acuminate, 2-3 in. long. Inflorescence
and separate flowers just as in M. glaucescens. Nipal, Hamilton.

21. ZTCUNDUXEA, DO.

Shrubs. Leaves odd-pinnate. Floivei*s in dense terminal racemes. Calyx
campanulate ; teeth short, deltoid. Corolla much exserted ; standard obovate,
with a long claw ; wings oblanceolate, adhering to the incurved keel, which
has a short obtuse point. Stamens monadelphous ; alternate filaments slightly
dilated; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, linear, many-ovuled ; style filiform,
glabrous, much incurved; stigma capitate. Poa\ large, linear, subindehis-
cent. Distrib. Species 3, the two others plants of Madagascar.

1. BE. suberosa, Benth. PI. Jung. 248; Bedel. Fl. Sylv. 85; Anal. Gen.
t. 12, fig. 2. Tephrosia suberosa, DC. Prodr. ii. 249 ; Hook. Ic. PL t, 120 ;
Wall. Cat. 5628; W. % A. Prodr. 210; Wt. III. t. 79 ("82") ; Dalz. <y Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 60. Hobinia suberosa, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 327. R. sennoides,
Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 328. Tephrosia sericea, DC. Prodr. ii. 249; Wall. Cat.
5629. Oytisus sericeus, Willd. >S^.-iii. 1121. T. Petersiana, Klotzsch in Peters
Mossamb. Bot. t. 9. T. icthynica, Bert. Misc. xviii. 18, t. 3.

Hill-valleys of the Western Peninsula and Ceylon. — Distrib. Trop. Africa,
Natal.

A stout erect shrub, with thick corky bark. Branches, rachises, pedicels and
leaves beneath densely sericeous. Leaflets 6-10-jugate, oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous,
1tV-2 in. long. Flowers in close terminal racemes. Pedicels 2-3 times the cam-
panulate calyx. Corolla f-1 in. long, reddish, thinly silvery. Pod 3-4 in. long,
densely sericeous, 6-8-seeded, both sutures thickened so as to form prominent borders.

22. T2SPEEOSZA, Pers.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves usually odd-pinnate ; leaflets opposite, sub-
coriaceous. Flowers in leaf-opposed racemes or solitary or in pairs in the axils of
the leaves. Calyx-tuhe campanulate ; teeth distinct, subequal. Petals clawed ;
standard suborbicular ; keel incurved, not beaked. Stamens diadelphous ;
anthers * obtuse, uniform. Ovary sessile, linear, many-ovuled ; style much
incurved, filiform or flattened, glabrous or bearded ; stigma capitate often peni-
cillate. Pod linear, flattened, many-seeded, 2-valved, continuous or obscurely
septate between the seeds. Disteib. Species about 100, spread through the
Tropics of both hemispheres.

TepJirosia.'] l. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) Ill

Subgen. 1. S&acronyx (Dalzell). Annual. Loaves simple.

1. T. tenuis, Wall. Cat. 5970; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 61. Macronyx
strigosus, Dalz. in Hook. Kcw Jouiyi. ii. 35.

Plains of Scinde, tho Punjab and CoKCAN.

Stems filiform, densely csespitose, \-\ ft. long with a few short adpressed hairs.
Leaves nearly sessile, linear, 1-2 in. long, narrowed suddenly or gradually at the
point, glabrous above, obscurely silky beneath ; stipules minute, setaceous, ascending.
Flowers 1-2 together in the axils of the leaves. Pedicels filiform, $— | in. Calyx
i in. ; teeth lanceolate, much. shorter than the tube. Corolla ^ in., all the petals-
w"ith very long claws. Pod linear, ^-1 in. long, 6-10-seeded, thinly clothed with
adpressed hairs. Style short, glabrous, filiform.

Subgex. 2. Brissonia (Neck.). Shrubby. Leaves odd-pinnate. Calyx-
teeth short, deltoid.

2. T. Candida, DC. Pi-odr. ii. 249; Wall. Cat 5627 ; W. § A. Prodr.
210. Robinia Candida, Foxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 327. Galega arborescens, Herb.
Madras. Kiesera sericea, Feimv. in Miq. Flor. Lnd. Bat. i. 291. Xiphocarpus-
candidus, Hassk. Fl. Far. Jav. 336.

Himalayas, tropical zone, from Kumaox eastward to Khasia and Assam, ascending
to 5000 ft. in Sikkim. Sllhet, Chittagong, Mabtaban, and Tenassebim. — Distbib.
Malay-isies.

A low shrub, with slender woody grooved branches clothed with brown or grey
persistent velvety pubescence ; stipules setaceous, ascending ; leaves short-petioled,
reaching 6-9 in. long ; leaflets 19-25, ligulate, acute, 1^-2 in. long, green
glabrous above, grey and thinly silky beneath. Facemes copious, terminal and lateral,
elongated, 6-9 in. long ; lower several to a fascicle ; pedicels silky, |—£ in. Calyx
|^i in., densely silky ; teeth much shorter than the tube. Corolla f-1 in., reddish or
white; standard densely silky. Pod 3-4 in. long, 10-15-seeded, slightly recurved,
clothed with adpressed brown silky hairs ; style flattened, silky.

Sebgex. 8. 3&eine?ia (Moench.'). Perennial herbs or shrubs. Leaves odd-
pinnate or simple. Calyx-teeth narrow, cuspidate, as long as the tube.

3.- T. calophylla, Bedd. Lc. Plant. Ind. Or. t. 166; herbaceous,
glabrous, leaves simple, flowers in lax long terminal racemes.

East slope of the Nilghibts, alt. 3000 ft., Beddome.

Branches slender, angular, tough. Leaves oblanceolate, obtuse, rigidly coria-
ceous, 3-4 in. long, cuneate at the base; veins bei^vv and edges distinct, brown;
stipules linear, minute; petiole angular, 1-1^ in. Facemes 6-9 in. long; bracts-
linear, very minute ; pedicels 2-3 times the calyx. Calyx ^ in. ; teeth lanceolate,
cuspidate, as long as the tube. Corolla |-^ in. ; standard downy on the back. Pod
2^-3 in. long, recurved, glabrous, 8-10-seeded.

4. T. tinctoria, Pers. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 252 ; shrubby, branches densely
velvety, leaflets large 3-13 casually simple, flowers in copious long-peduncle d
congested racemes. W. $ A. Prodr. 211 ; Wt. Ic. t. 388 ; non Wall. Cat.
5643. T. Heyneana, Wall. Cat. 5631. Galega Heyneana, Foxb. Fl. Ind. iii.
384. T. hvpargvraea, DC. Prodr. ii. 253. T. nervosa, Pers. ; DC. Prodr.
ii. 254.

Western Peninsula and Ceylon, ascending to 5000 ft.

An undershrub, with flexuose woody twiggy branches, densely clothed with brown
or grey velvety pubescence. Leaves subsessile, very variable ; leaflets usually 3-6-

112 L. leguminos^:. (J. G. Baker.) [Tephrosia.

jugate (reduced to one in T. Grahami, Wall. Cat. 5652), oblong, obtuse, sub-
coriaceous, the end one much larger than the others, 2-3 in. long, |-1 in. broad,
green, 'glabrous above, clothed with persistent white silky pubescence beneath,
the nerves prominent; stipules lanceolate, ascending. Peduncles often exceeding
the leaves ; racemes closely 3-12-flowered ; flowers casually also in the axils of
the leaves ; pedicels very short. Calyx £ in., densely silky ; teeth long, setaceous.
Corolla ■§-£ in., pale red, silky. Pod slightly recurved, 2-2^ in. long, 10-12-seeded,
glabrescent. Style flattened, bearded throughout.

Var. 1. pulchcrrima ; leaflets large (end one 3 in. long) coriaceous often solitary,
veins below very prominent, bracts ovate-lanceolate, flowers few close, pod per-
sistently velvety. T. pulcherrima, Wight MSS. Nilghiris and Ceylon.

Var. 2. coccinea; leaflets 1-5 f-1 in. broad cuneately narrowed in the lower
half, branches closely argenteo-canescent, bracts linear minute, racemes elongated.
T. coccinea, Wall. Cat. 5633 ; PI. As. Bar. t. 60. Birma, Wallich.

Var. 3. intermedia, W. § A. ; branches velvety, leaflets much smaller 9-13
\- \ in. broad the end one not much larger than the others, the veins less pro-
minent ; racemes not so close as in the type. T. intermedia, Grah. in Wall.
Cat. 5632. Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

6. T. spixiosa, Pers. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 254 ; shrubby, branches closely
ar£renteo-can<jseent, stipules spiny, flowers 1-2 all in the axils of the leaves.
Wall. Cat. 5051. W. <$• A. Prodr. 214 (excl. syn.) ; Wight Ic. t. 372. Galega
spinosa, Linn. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 383.

Plains of the Western Peninsttia and Ceylon.- — Distrib. Java.

A low shrub, with very numerous terete flexuose ascending branches. Spines
spreading, |— \ in. Leaves short-petioled, ^-1 in. long; leaflets 5-7, narrow-
oblanceolate, rigidly subcoriaceous, truncate, often emarginate, glabrous above,
glaucous, nearly glabrous below. Flowers all axillary ; 1-2 rarely 3 from the nodes ;
pedicels -^-^ in. Calyx ^ in., teeth linear-acuminate, as long as the tube. Corolla,
red, twice "the calyx. Pod f-1 in., nearly glabrescent, recurved, 5-6-seeded. Style
much incurved, flattened, glabrous.

6. T. senticosa, Pers. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 254; shrubby, branches closely
argenteo-canescent, stipules not spinv, flowers 1-2 all in the axils of the
leaves. W. ey A. Prodr. 211 ; Wight" Ic. t. 370 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 61.
Galega senticosa, Linn. Amam. iii. 19. G. pentaphvlla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 384.
'T. pentaphylla, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5650. T. elegans, Wall. Cat. 5634. '

Plains of the Western Peninsula and Cevlon ; Birma, Wallich.

A low shrub, with copious erecto-patent terete slender branches ; petiole very
short ; stipules minute, ascending, setaceous ; leaflets usually 5, rarely 3, nar-
row-oblanceolate, 1-1 Jt in. long, truncate or emarginate, green, glabrous above,
thinly silky beneath, cuneately narrowed in the lower half. Flowers usually geminate ;
pedicels £ in., argenteous.' Calyx ^ in. ; teeth linear, as long as the tube. Corolla.
more than twice the calyx, argenteous. Pod 1^-2 in. long, 6-8 seeded, much
recurved, persistently thinly canescent.

* 7. T. purpurea, Pe?-s. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 251'; herbaceous, stems glabrescent
or finely downy, racemes elongated, pod glabrescent or finely downv slightly
recurved 6-10-Wded. Wall Cat. 5638 ; W. § A. Prodr. 213 ; Dalz. $ Gibk
Bomb. Fl. 61. T. leptostachva, DC. loc. cit. Galega purpurea, Linn. ; Roxb.
Fl. Lid, iii. 386. G. lancesefolia, Roxb. FL Ind. iii. 386. G. Colonila and
sericea, Ham. in Linn. Trans, xiii. 544-5. G. tinctoria, Lanik. ; Roxb. Fl.
Ind. iii. 386, non L. T. stricta, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5639. T. Taylorii,
Grah, in. Wall Cat. 5637. T. Wallichii, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5640. T. lobata,
■Grah, in Wall Cat. 5646. T. tinctoria, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5043. T. gale-

Tephrosia.] L. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) 113

goides, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5649. T. lancesefolia, Link ; DC. loc. cit. T. indi-
gofera, Bert. Misc. xix. 9, t. 5. T. lanceolata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5636.
Indigofera flexuosa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5473 — Rheede Sort, Mai. i. t. 55. •

Tropical zone, spread universally from the Himalayas to Ceylon, Malacca and
Siam, ascending to 4000 ft. in the north-west.— Disthib. Everywhere in the Tropics.

A copiously-branched suberect perennial, 1-2 ft. high, with slender firm terete
stems. Leaves short-petioled, 3-6 in. long ; stipules linear-subulate, ascending or
reflexed ; leaflets 13-21, narrow oblanceolate, obtuse, green, glabrescent above,
glaucous, obscurely silky below. Racemes copious, all leaf-opposed, 3-6 in. long, lax ;
lower flowers fascicled; pedicels £-£ in.; bracts minute. Calyx £-£ in., closely
silky ; teeth linear-subulate, as long as the tube. Corolla £-§ in., red, thinly silky.
Pod 1^-2 in. by \ in. broad ; style subglabrous, penicillate at the tip.

Var. 1. maxima; taller, suberect, stipules lanceolate reflexed, racemes many-
flowered elongated, corolla \ in. long, pod glabrescent 2— 2^- in. long 10-12-
seeded. T. maxima, Pers. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 252. W. 4' A. Prodr. 213. Galega
maxima, Linn. Sp. PL 1063. T. Mitchellii. G~rah. in Wall, Cat 5641.— Plains of the
Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

Var. 2. pumila ; lower, more diffuse, persistently finely downy, stipules linear-
setaceous, leaflets 9-11 smaller more downy, corolla rather smaller, pod 1-1^ in.
long finely downy. T. pumila, Pers.; DC. Prodr. ii. 254. T. timoriensis, DC. Prodr.
ii. 254. T. diffusa, W. $ A. Prodr. 213. Galega diffusa, Roxb. Fl. Lid. iii. 387.
G-. procumbens, Ham. in Trans. Linn. 8oc. xiii. 547. T. parviflora, Wight in Wall.
Cat. 5642. — Distribution of the type.

.8. T. Kookeria^ial W. <y A. Prodr. 212 ; herbaceous, steins finely
downy,' raceme" elongated, pod slightly recurved 8-10-seeded clothed with
persistent brownish silky hairs. T. Colutea, Wight, ; Wall. Cat. 5647. Galega
hirta, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 546. T. amoena, Jlort, Calc. non Pers.

Plains from the Himalayas to Ceylon and Malacca.

Closely allied to T. purpurea, from which it scarcely differs except in the vestiture
of the pod. Stipules linear; leaflets 13-19, narrow oblanceolate, ^-1 in. long,
truncate or emarginate, glabrescent above, thinly persistently silky below. Racemes
all lateral, reaching 6-9 in. long; pedicels -j~-j| in. Calyx densely silky, 4— | in. ;
teeth setaceous, exceeding the tube. ■ Corolla \-\ in. Pod l|^-2 in. by £ in. ; style
flattened, subglabrous, penicillate at the tip.

9. T. villosa, Pers. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 251 ; herbaceous, stems finely downy,
racemes elongated, pod much recurved 6-8-seeded denselv clothed wjth white
silky hairs, Wall. Cat. 5645; W. Sf A. Prodr. 21'2. GJalega villosa,' Linn. ;
Roxb. Fl. jkd. iii. 385. T. argentea, Pers. ; DC. Prodr.W: 252Y W. cy A. ProdhS
212. Galega argentea, Lamk. Diet. ii. 599. G. Barba-iovis, Burm. Fl. Lnd.
172. ° C J '

Plains from the Himalayas to Ceylon. — Distrib. Mauritius, Trop. Africa.

Habit of T. purpurea, but stems somewhat firmer and more woody, clothed with
short adpressed white hairs. Leaves nearly sessile, 2-3 in. long ; stipules linear,
ascending or reflexed; leaflets 13-19, grey-green, glabrescent above, Insistently
silky below, narrow oblanceolate, often emarginate. Racemes half a foot or more
long ; lower flowers in distant fascicles, lowest often in the axils of the leaves ;
pedicels very short ; bracts setaceous, plumose. Calyx $-$ in. deep, densely silky ;
teeth setaceous, lower exceeding the tube. Corolla pale red, not much exceeding
the calyx. Pod 1-1^ in. long, i-| in. broad, densely persistently velvety; style
glabrous, flattened, densely penicillate at the tip.

Var. 1. incana; stems clothed with short spreading pubescence, leaflets rather
broader, pod still more densely silky. T. incana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5644 ;
VOL. II. I

114 l. leguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) [Tephrosia*

W. $ A. Prodr. 212; Wt. Ic. t. 371. Galega incana, Roxb. FL Ind. iii. 385. G.
Colutea, Willd. Sp. PL iii. 1246 (excluding description of pod). T. Ehrenbergiana,
Schweinf. PL Mthiop. 18. — Distribution of the type.

10. T. pauciflora, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5635; herbaceous, stems finely
silky, flowers usually all in the axils of the leaves, pod glabrescent or finely
dow*nv slightly recurved 6-8-seeded. T. anthylloides, Hochst. ; Baker in Oliv.
Flor."Trop. Africa, ii; 118?

Plains of Scinde, Stocks, Dalzell ; Punjab, Stewart ; Birma, Wallich.

Stems densely csespitose, under a foot high. Stipules ascending, setaceous ;
leaflets 5-9, narrow oblanceolate, finely silky beneath, l-l£ in. long, often emar-
ginate. Flowers usually all geminate on short pedicels in the axils of the upper
leaves, casually produced into a sparse raceme. Calyx £ in., finely silky. Corolla
red, twice the calyx. Pod 1-2 in. by £ in. ; style glabrous, flattened. — Probably a
third variety of T. purpurea. The Indian differs from . the African plant by
smaller flowers and fewer seeds.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

•

T. fusca, W. § A. Prodr. 210 (T. argentea, Wight in Wall. Cat. 5648, non Pers.),
is a plant gathered by Dr. "Wight on the Dindygul hills, of which the flowers are not
known. In general habit, leaves, inflorescence, vestiture, and the shape of the calyx
and pod, it resembles closely Mundulea suberosa, but the leaflets are shorter and more
obtuse, and the pod dehisces readily, like that of a Tephrosia, and the sutures are not
thickened so as to form a prominent border. The calyx is that of § Brissonia.

V ' • ** ■ * ' . . :j , ,■

23. SBSBANIA, Pers.

Soft-wooded shrubs or herbs. Leaves long, very narrow, abruptly-pinnate,
with very numerous deciduous linear-oblong obtuse mucronate leaflets. Flowers
in axillary racemes. Calyx campanulate, shallowly 2-lipped or 5-toothed. Co-
rolla much exserted ; petals all with long claws ; standard broad ; keel obtuse,
straight, or in § Agati recurved and subrostrate. Sta?nens diadelphous ; anthers
uniform. Ovary linear, stipitate, many-ovuled ; style filiform, incurved, glabrous,
stigma capitate. Pod very long and narrow, dehiscent, with distinct septa be-
tween the very numerous seeds. — Distkib. Species about 20, spread everywhere
through the tropics.

Subgen. 1. Eusesbania. Flowers small ; bud straight,
i f ■ ■* . . ,|

A -- 1^ S. eegyptlaca« Persji, DC. Prod. ii. 264; perennial, unarmed, pod
"~ flexile twisted! Weill Cat. 5b'5B ;W.8fA. Prodr. 214 : Wt. Ic. t. 32 ; Bedd. FL
Sylv. 86, Anal. Gen. t. 12, fig. 3 ; Brand. For. Flor. 137 ; Boiss. Fl. Or. ii. 193.
iEschynomene Sesban, Linn. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 332. JE. indica, Burm. Fl. Ind.
169. Coronilla Sesban, Willd. Sp. iii. 1147— Rheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 27.

. Plains from the Himalayas to Ceylon and Siam, ascending to 4000 ft. in the
north-west. — Distrib. Cosmopolitan in tropics of old world.

A soft- wooded shrub of short duration, 6-10 ft. high, with terete twiggy branches.
Leaves 3-6 in. long; leaflets 21-41, glabrous, linear-oblong, pale green. Flowers
6-10, in copious lax axillary racemes ; pedicels filiform, £-£ in. Calyx £ in., glabrous,
membranous ; teeth short, deltoid. Corolla |-f in., glabrous, pale yellow or (in S.
picta, Pers.; Bot. Reg. t. 873), more or less tinged with deep red. Pod 6-9 in. long,
weak, torulose ; sutures little thickened.

2. S. aculeata, Pers. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 265 ; annual, muricated, pod long
firm not twisted nor torulose. Wall. Cat. 5655 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 214 j Dak. §-

Sesbania.] l. leguminos.e. (J. G. Baker.) 115

Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 62. JEschynomene bispinosa, Jacq. Ic. t. 564. JJE. spinulosa,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 333. Ooronilla aculeata, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 1147.

Plains from the West Himalayas to Ceylon and Siam. — Distrib. Cosmopolitan
in tropics of old world.

Suffruticose, reaching several feet high, the branches and leaf-rachises armed with
small weak prickles. Leaves reaching 4-1 ft. long; leaflets glabrous, 4f-81,
smaller and narrower than in 8. mgyptiaca. Racemes laxly 3-6-flowered, distinctly
peduncled. Calyx £ in., glabrous. Corolla §— £ in., pale yellow ; standard dotted with
red. Pod 6-9 in. by £ in., straight or rather falcate, beaked with the persistent
style.

Var. 1. paludosa ; more robust, unarmed, leaves glabrous. JE. paludosa and uligi-
nosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 333-4.

Var. 2. sericea ; branches robust unarmed, leaflets more or less silky even when
mature, racemes subsessile. S. sericea. PC. Prodr. ii. 266 — Plains of Ceylon, Fergus-
son, CP., 3850.

Var. 3. cannabina ; branches obscurely muricated, racemes subsessile 3-4-
flowered, corolla and calyx smaller, the former not more than ± in. long. S. canna-
bina, Pers. ; PC. Prodr. ii. 215 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 215 ; Wall. Cat. 5657. iEschynomene
cannabina, Retz. Obs.x. 26. Coronilla cannabina, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 1148. S. affinis,
Schrad. ; PC. loc. cit.

3. S. procumbens, W. c]* A. Prodr. 215 ; annual, obscurely muricated,
pod short flexible torulose not twisted. Dalz. §- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 62. ./Eschy-
nomene procumbens, Roxb. Fl. Ind, iii. 337. JE. diffusa, Roxb. MSS.

Plains of the "Western Peninsula.

Branches lower and more slender than in the last. Leaves 2-3 in. long ; leaflets
31-41, linear-oblong, glabrous, glaucous. Flowers solitary or geminate, without a
common peduncle. Calyx i in. long. Corolla 3 times the calyx. Pod straight, 2-3 in.
long, ~ in. thick, 15-20-seeded, distinctly torulose.

Subgex. 2. Ag-ati, Desv. Flowers large ; bud falcately recurved.

(4. Sa. glffiraiflora, Pers. Sun. ii. 316; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 86; Brand. For.
Flor. 137. YEschvndmene"grandiflora, Linn. Sp. 1050 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 331.
Agati grandiflora, Desv. ; DC. Pnodr. ii. 266 ; Wall. Cat. 5654 ; W. # A. Prodr.
515. Coronilla grandiflora, Willd. Sp. iii. 1145 — Rheede Hort. Mai. i. t. 51.

Plains of the Western Peninsula, a doubtful native. — Distrib. Mauritius to N.
Australia, but often cultivated.

A short-lived soft-wooded tree, 20-30 ft. high, with virgate terete branches.
Leaves ^-1 ft. long; leaflets 41-61, linear-oblong, pale green, glabrous. Flowers
2-4, in short axillary racemes. Calyx 1 in. deep, glabrous, shallowly 2-lipped. Corolla,
3-4 in. deep, white or. in M. eoccinea, Pesv. ; PC. loc. cit. (iEschynomene coccinea, L.\
more or less deeply tinged with red. Pod 1 foot or more long, falcate, firm, not toru-
lose, the sutures much thickened.

24. CARAGANA, Lam.

Usually low shrubs, with the leaf-rachises and the stipules usually spine-
tipped and hardened, persistent from year to year. Calyx canipanulate^ placed
very obliquely on its pedicel, produced on the upper side ; teeth 5, deltoid or
lanceolate. Corolla much exserted ; standard broad, with reilexed edges ; keel
not at all beaked, usually as long as the wings and standard. Stamens diadelph-
ous; anthers uniform. Ovary linear, sessile, niany-ovuled ; style filiform, incurved,
glabrous, stigma minute terminal. Pod linear, turgid, not at all torulose, con-
tinuous, but sometimes pubescent within. — Distrib. Species about 15, spread
widely through Central Asia.

12

116 L. legumjnosje. (J. G. Baker.) [Caragana*

* Leaf-rackis supjrressed.

1. C. pyg-maea, DC. Prodr. ii. 268; leaflets 4 digitate oblanceolate gla-
brous, flowers solitary nearly sessile. Brand. For. Flor. 134. Robinia pygmrea,
Linn. Sp. PL 1044 ; Pall. Fl. Ross, i. t. 45. Genista versicolor, Wall. Cat.
5922 ; Botjle III. t. 34, fig. 2. 0. versicolor, Benth. in Boyle 111. 198.

West Himalayas, temperate and alpine regions ; Tibet, Kunawar, &c, alt.
8-17.000 ft. — Distrib. Afghanistan, Altai to Davuria.

A low underskrub, -with the habit of a prickly Genista, the branches armed with a
pungent, ascending trifid spine under an inch long from each of the close nodes.
Leaves solitary or geminate in the spine axils, with rarely a perceptible petiole;
leaflets £-± in. long, firm, pale green. Pedicels jointed, shorter than the calyx. Calyx
glabrous, £ in. long ; teeth short, deltoid. Corolla bright reddish-yellow, ^ in ;
standard glabrous. Pod linear, turgid, glabrous, naked within, ^-1 in. long.

** Leaf-raehis produced, with a spine at the end.

2. C conferta, Benth. MSS. ; leaflets 4-6 oblanceolate subglabrous,.
stipules spinous, flowers 1-2 subsessile.

Balti, temperate or alpine region, Winterbottom.

Nodes crowded on the castaneous downy branches. Spines woody, an inch long.
Stipides broad, scariose, downy, with a spiny tip ; leaflets *-4 in. long, obtuse, with a
mucro, at first faintly silky beneath, subcoriaceous. Pedicels downy, shorter than the
calyx. Calyx -| in., finely silky ; teeth deltoid, ciliated, half as long as the tube. Co-
rolla 1 in. long, the keel incurved, with very long claws. Ovary linear, densely
pubescent, 10-15-ovuled ; style long, much incurved. Pod unknown.

3. C. Gerardiana, Boyle HI. 198, t. 34, fig. 1 ; leaflets 8-12 oblan-
ceolate-oblong densely pubescent, stipules not spinous, flowers 1-2 subsessile.
Brand. For. Flor. 133. Astragalus Gerardianus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5938.
O. spinosissima, Benth. in Boyle III. 198 ; Camb. in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. t. 43.

West Himalayas, temperate and alpine region, alt. 8-13,000 ft.; Gurwhal,
Ktjmaon, Kunawar, « *■ • >

A shrub reaching 3-4 ft. high, with very close nodes and downyyOung-'branches.
Old spines erecto-patent, pungent, l-lj in. long, often downy. Leaflets £— | in. long,,
obtuse, mucronate, firm, densely silky ; stipules deltoid, scarious, not spine-tipped and
consequently the old spines simple, not trifid. Calyx shortly pedicelled, § in. long,
densely pubescent ; teeth deltoid- cuspidate, half the tube. Corolla twice the calyx.
Pod ^-1 in by 1 in., woolly within and persistently clothed with grey pubescence' on
the outside.

4. C. polyacantba, Boyle III. 198; leaflets 10-12 obovate-oblong
densely pubescent, stipules spinous, flowers 1-2 on a short peduncle. Astragalus
polyacanthus, Wall. Cat. 5934.

Central Himalaya, alpine or temperate region; Kumaon, BlinJcworth; Gijr-
whal, Strachcy and Winterbottom.

A low shrub, with close nodes and densely downy young branches. Old spines
1-2 in. long, weaker and less pungent than in the last. Z,ea/-rachises densely matted
with pale brown woolly pubescence ; leaflets 3— § in. long, pale green, rigidly coriaceous,
truncate, mucronate. Common peduncle short and not always developed. Calyx % in.
long, densely silky, subtended by a pair of linear bracteoles ; teeth setaceous from a
deltoid base, half as long as the tube. Corolla yellowish, twice the calyx. Ovary
linear, densely pubescent. Pod unknown.

5. C. brevispina, Boyle III. 198; leaflets 12-16 obovate-oblong gla-
brous or finely silkv, stipules spinous, flowers 2-4 on a common peduncle.
Brand. For. Flor. 133.

Caragana."] l. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) 117

West Himalaya?, temperate region, alt. 5-9000 ft. ; Kashmir, Kunawar, G-ur-
whal, Simla, &c. — Distrib. Chinese Tartary. Afghanistan.

A shrub several feet high, the nodes less crowded than in the preceding, the young
"branches finely downy. Old spine-tipped rachises 2-4 in. long, rigid or flexible.
Leaflets f-f in. long, subcoriaceous, glabrescent on both sides or thinly pubescent be-
low. Peduncle 1-2 in. ; bracts and bracteoles linear, scarious ; pedicels downy. Calyx £
in. long, subglabrous ; teeth half the tube, lanceolate-cuspidate. Corolla glabrous,
yellowish, twice the calyx. Pod glabrous, linear, 2 in. long, woolly within.

*** Spineless leaf-racliis produced, with a leaflet at the end (Chesneya, Lindl.),

6. C. erassicaulis, Benth. MSS. ; leaflets 21-25 linear-oblong pubes-
cent, flowers solitary. Astragalus erassicaulis, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5932. A.
nubigenus, Don Prodr. 245? Caragana (Nephelotrophe) nnbigena, Bunge
Mon. Astrag. 240 ?

Himalayas, alpine region, alt. 12-17,000 ft. ; Gtjrwhal and Ktjmaon to Sikkim.

Stems thick, tufted, woody, creeping for a few inches below the surface, clothed
very densely with the long old tough but not pungent or spinous leaf -rachises. Leaves
in a lax rosette at the surface, short-petioled, l-l£ in. long ; leaflets green, not coriace-
ous, fc-\ in. long, truncate or emarginate. Peduncle downy, as long as the calyx. Calyx
| in. long, very oblique, densely pubescent ; teeth J-$ tube. Corolla reddish-yellow, twice
the calyx ; standard pubescent on the outside ; wings and keel shorter. Pod linear-
oblong, |-f in. long, finely pubescent, stuffed inside with cottony down.

7. C. cuneata, Baker; leaflets 11-13, flowers 1-3 long-peduncled.
Guldenstaedtia cuneata, Benth. in Boyle III. 200. Chesneya vaginalis, Jaub. and
JSpach. III. 96, t. 48 ? (calyx teeth shorter).

Temperate and Alpine West Himalayas, alt. 8-13,000 ft. ; Tibet and Kunawar.
— Distrib. Orient ? ; Kashgar, Bellew.

Branches 2-3 in. long, crowded from a woody rhizome. Stipules small, deltoid ;
leaf-rachis, including distinct petiole, 2-4 in. long ; leaflets obovate, §— f in. long, truncate,
emarginate, not coriaceous, densely pubescent. Peduncle equalling or overtopping the
leaves ; pedicels very short. Calyx f-^- in. downy ; teeth linear-lanceolate, half as long
as the tube or more. Corolla twice the calyx ; standard pubescent ; wings rather shorter ;
keel shorter still. Pod straight, linear, glabrous, 2-2^- in. long, 10-12-seeded, slightly
stuffed within. This and the last have the oblique calyx of Calophaca, but in habit
aria corolla range better under Guldenstcedtia. — Dr. Aitchison sends from Ladak a plant
with deep purple flowers, more hoary leaves and narrower pod, which may be distinct.

25. GUIiDSNSTXDTIA, Fisch.

Spineless perennials. Leaves odd-pinnate. Flowers solitary or umbellate on
long axillary peduncles. Calyx-tube campanulate, not oblique ; teeth 5, distinct,
upper broader. Corolla much exserted ; standard round ; keel not more than
half as long as the other petals, straight, obtuse. Stamens diadelphous ; anthers
uniform. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled ; style incurved very short, stigma capitate.
Pod linear, turgid, not torulose, continuous within. — Distrib. Species 7-8, all
Central Asian.

1. Cr. himalaica, Baker; shortly caulescent, leaflets 11-13 obovate-
obcordate densely silky, flowers 1-3, calyx-teeth much shorter than the tube.

Himalaya, alpine zone, alt. 11-15,000 ft. ; Kumaon and Gtjrwhal to Sikkim.
Stems 1-2 in. long, caespitose from a perennial rootstock, densely silky. Leaves
J-l^ in. long, distinctly petioled, densely clothed with pale brown silky hairs ; stipules

118 L. LEGUMIN0S2E. (J. G. Baker.) [Guldenstcedtia.

large, leafy, ovate ; leaflets ^-^ in. long, not at all rigid. Peduncle filiform, 1-3 in.
long ; pedicels shorter than calyx ; bracts lanceolate, very minute. Calyx £ in., silky ;
upper teeth deltoid, lower lanceolate. Corolla 3-4 times calyx; standard round,
glabrous. Pod linear, glabrous, \ in. long, 6-8-seeded, with a narrow border to the
upper suture.

2. G. xnirpourensis, Benth. MSS. ; stemless, leaflets 3-7 oblong
obscurely pubescent, flowers 1-3, calyx-teeth as long as the tube. Astragalus
mirpourensis, Camb. in Jacqucm. Voy. Bot. 39, t. 46.

Upper Gangetic plain. at Mirpour, Jacquemont. Hazara, Br. Stewart.'
Bkizomes slender, branched, with the leaves and peduncles in a rosette at the sur-
face. Petiole ^—1 in., obscurely pubescent, like the rachis and underside of the
leaves; leaflets \- ^ in. long, obtuse, glabrescent above, not at all rigid. Peduncle as
long^s the leaves ; pedicels scarcely any. Calyx £ in. finely silky ; teeth lanceolate-
acuminate. Corolla twice the calyx. Pod twice the calyx, linear, finely silky.

3. CS-. multiflora, Bunge Enum. PI. Chin. 18 ; stemless, leaflets 11-13
oblong densely silky, flowers 3-G, calyx-teeth as long as the tube.

"West Himalaya, Boyle, the exact station not known. Distrib. China.

Bosettes of leaves and peduncles densely crowded at the surface on a slender woody
rhizome. Zeo/"-rachis 2-4 in., including the distinct petiole, densely pubescent ;
leaflets \—^ in., obtuse, soft, not rigid. Peduncle equalling or overtopping the leaves \,
bracts linear, exceeding the very short pedicels. Calyx \ in.; teeth linear-lanceo-
late. Corolla violet or yellow, twice the calyx. Pod twice the calyx, linear, straight,
densely pubescent.

26. ASTRAGALUS, Linn.

Herbs or undershrubs with pinnate leaves, the leaf-rachis terminating either
in a leaflet or a spine. Calyx tubular or campanulate, equal or gibbous on the.
back ; teeth 5, subequal. Corolla usually distinctly exserted ; petals subequal
or wings and keel shorter than the standard, the keel incurved, obtuse. Stamens
diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or stalked, many-ovuled ; style
incurved, stigma capitate. Pod linear or oblong, usually turgid, continuous-
within or more or less completely longitudinally 2-celled from the introversion
of the inferior suture. — Distrib. Belts the world in the north-temperate zone,
the head quarters being Western and Central Asia. Monographed in the 11th
volume of the 7th series of the Memoirs of the Imperial Academy of St*
Petersburg, by Bunge, who estimates the number of species at 1150-1200.

Subgen. 1. Trichostylus, Baker. A herbaceous perennial, with basifixed
hairs, the style bearded down the inner face below the stigma, as in Phaseolus.

1. A. Heydei, Baker.

"West Tibetan Himalayas, alpine region, alt. la- 16,000 ft., Strachey. By the-
Tso-kar sea, between Eupschu and Korsog, Heyde.

Bhizome slender, woody, the whole plant not reaching more than an inch above the
soil. Leaves $-£ in. long ; leaflets 17-19, oblong, crowded, complicate, persistently
argenteo-canescent, fleshy ; stipules small, deltoid, fleshy, spreading. Peduncles J-£ in.
Flowers 2-4 in a close umbellate head ; bracts and pedicels minute. Calyx £ in->
densely argenteo-canescent ; teeth lanceolate-deltoid, rather shorter than the campanu-
late tube. Corolla more than twice the calyx, rose-red with the tip deeper ; petals
subequal ; limb of standard round, reflexed, deeply emarginate. Pod % in, long, oblong„
membranous, much inflated, short-stalked, glabrous, 1 -celled, many-seeded.

Subgen. 2. Fogonophace, Bunge. A group of various habit, with
"basifixed hairs, differing from all the rest by its penicillate stigma.

Astragalus.] l. leguminos^:. (J. G. Baker.) 119

* Annuals with slender trailing stems and sessile pods (habit of Subgen,
Trimeniseus).

2. A. amherstianus, Benth. in Boyle III. 199 ; corolla scarcely ex-
ceeding the calyx, pod 10-12-seeded with the valves hut little innexed. Bunge
Mon. i. 5, ii. 3.

West Himalayas, temperate region, alt. 6-10,000 ft.; Kistwar, Kunawar,
Chamba, Simla. — Distrib. Afghanistan.

Stems densely csespitose, diffuse, §-1 ft., clothed with dense adpressed whitish hairs.
Leaves short-petioled, 1-1| in. ; leaflets 13-17, narrow, oblong, obtuse, ^-| in. long,
densely clothed with thick adpressed white hairs ; stipules minute, lanceolate. Flowers
4-10, in close distinctly-peduncled racemes; pedicels very short; bracts minute, seta-
ceous. Calyx i-i in., shaggy with hairs like those of the leaves ; teeth setaceous, as
long as the tube. Corolla primrose-yellow. Pod linear, turgid, §-£ in. long, much
recurved, rostrate, thinly pubescent.

3. A. subumbellatus, Klotzschin Beise Br. Wold. Bot. 159, t. 3;
corolla more than twice as long as the calyx, pod 20-24-seeded with the
sutures much innexed. A. hippocrepidis, Benth. MSS. ; Bunge Mon. i. 5, ii. 3 ;
Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 231. A. Scorpiurus, Bunge Mon. loc. cit. A. humifusus,
Jacquem. MSS.

Punjab, Hazara, Kashmir, tropical and temperate regions, ascending to
6-7000 ft. — Distrib. Beloochistan, Afghanistan.

Stems i-1 ft., diffuse, branched, clothed with short deciduous ascending white
hairs. Leaves 1-2 in.; leaflets 13-21, distant, oblong, glaucous, ^—| in., thinly or
densely pilose or nearly glabrescent ; stipules minute, lanceolate, cuspidate. Racemes
distinctly peduncled, 6-10-flowered, lax or close ; pedicels very short ; bracts setaceous,
very minute. Calyx £ in., thinly pubescent ; teeth setaceous, as long as the tube. Co-
rolla § in., yellow tinged with rose-purple ; blade of wings lanceolate, shorter than
the standard and keel. Pod |-| in., cylindrical, much recurved, shortly pubescent,
almost completely bilocular.

** Perennials with slender ccespitose trailing stems and stalked pods (habit
of Subgen. Hypoglottis).

4. A. pyenorhizus, Wall. Cat. 5927 ; glabrous, flowers 1-2, calyx-
teeth lanceolate nearly as long as the tube, wings shorter than the keel. Benth.
in' Boyle 111. 199 \ Bunge Mon. i. 4, ii. 1. Sphaerophysa pyenorhiza, Benth. Gen.
Plant, i. 504.

Nipax, Wallich. Sikxim, alt. 6-12,000 ft., HooJc.fil.

Root woody, fusiform. Stems wiry, ~-l ft. Leaves an inch or more long ; leaflets
close, 11-13, green, obovate-oblong, truncate-emarginate, | in. long, clothed with
only a few very short obscure hairs ; stipules free, minute, membranous, deltoid. Pe-
duncles equalling or exceeding the leaves, clothed with short mixed black and white
hairs ; pedicels very short ; bracts membranous, lanceolate. Calyx J in., gibbous, clothed
with minute pubescence like that of the peduncle. Corolla ^-f in., purplish ; limb of
standard round, \ in. broad ; wings half as broad as the depth of the keel. Pod i-| in.
long, glabrous, inflated, 12-16-seeded, the suture not inflexed ; stalk much shorter
than the calyx.

5. A. Donianus, DC. Prodr. ii. 283; slightly pubescent, flowers few,
wings as long as the keel, calyx-teeth half as long as the tube. Bunge Mon.
i. 4, ii. 1. A. macrorhizus, Don Prod. 245, non Cav.

Nipal, Wallich.

Plant prostrate, beset with a few scattered adpressed hairs. Leaves with 8-10-
pairs of oval alternate mucronulate leaflets, which are pubescent beneath, but when

120 l. leguminosje. (J. G\ Baker.) [Astragalus.

young silky ; stipules connate. Peduncles twice as long as the leaves. Calyx i in. long.
Corolla purple ; standard § in. long, blade broad. Pod silky, subulate, 20-seeded.
Described from DC. and Bunge loc. cit. — No specimen seen.

6. A. kongrensis, Benth. MSS. ; green, finely silky, flowers in a dense
head, wings shorter than the keel, calyx clothed with adpressed silky hairs,
teeth lanceolate much shorter than the tube.

Sikkim ; Kongra Lama, alt. 15,000 ft., Hook. fil.

Subacaulescent, with a slender rhizome, creeping below the surface. Leaves dis-
tinctly petioled, 2-3 in. long ; leaflets 15-17, roundish-oblong, obtuse, not complicate,
pale green, thinly coated with short white hairs ; stipules ±- ^ in., ovate, obtuse, per-
sistent, slightly silky. Flowers 5-6, ascending or cernuous, in a dense head ; peduncles
l£-2 in., erect, clothed with adpressed black hairs ; pedicels very short, densely black-
silky; bracts linear, not very small. Calyx £ in. Corolla twice the calyx, deep
purple ; keel as long as the standard. Ovary densely silky, multiovulate, with a stalk
nearly as long as the calyx-tube.

7. A. tribulifolius, Benth. MSS. ; glaucous, densely tomentose, leaflets
crowded, flowers few in a dense head, calyx-teeth subulate as long as the tube,
wings much shorter than the keel. Bunge Mon. i. 4, ii. 2.

Western Tibet, alpine region ; valley below Ilanle Rupchu, alt. 14,500 ft. ; Thom-
son, Heyde.

Root-stock long, woody, fusiform. Stems and thick glaucous leaves densely clothed
with short spreading white hairs. Leaves 1-2 in. long; leaflets crowded, 17-21,
oblong, |-| in. long ; stipules minute, deltoid, leaf-like, free. Peduncles 1-2 in.,
the short pubescence growing black upwards ; pedicels very short ; bracts subulate,
conspicuous, persistent. Calyx \ in., densely clothed with short black pubescence.
Corolla purplish, half as long again as the calyx ; standard \ in. broad. Ovary silky,
distinctly stalked. ; ovules about 20. Pod not seen.

8. A. Henderson!, Baker; glaucous, densely tomentose, leaflets
crowded, flowers 1-2 together, calyx-teeth lanceolate shorter than the tube.

Tibet ; upper part of the Karakash valley, Dr. Henderson.

Closely allied to the last, the thick glaucous crowded leaflets clothed with dense
white hairs, the whole plant in the single specimen gathered not more than a
couple of inches high. Leaves |-| in. long; leaflets 13-17, obovate-oblong, obtuse,
folded together. Peduncles short, clothed with short white pubescence. Calyx £ in.,
matted with mixed black and white hairs. Corolla seen in bud only. Pod oblong, the
same size and shape, and as much inflated as in A. pycnorhieus, membranous, with a few
short adpressed hairs and a short stalk ; sutures scarcely at all intruded ; seeds
about 20.

*** Tall perennials with almost woody stetns, lax flowers, and long-stalked
few-seeded pods (habit of Subgen. Phaca).

9. A. Falconer!, Bunge Mon. i. 4 ; ii. 2 ; densely pubescent, stipules
broad foliaceous, leaflets 13-17, pod turgid glabrescent. A. acutifiorus, Benth.
MSS.

"West Tibet, Falconer ; Hazaea, Winterbottom.

Stems flexuous, old glabrescent, young clothed with short spreading white pubes-
cence. Leaves l-l£ in. long; leaflets close, glaucous, obtuse, oblanceolate-oblong,
~- 1 in. long. Racemes few-flowered, long-peduncled ; pedicels shorter than the calyx,
downy. Calyx £ in., gibbous, nearly glabrous ; teeth very short. Corolla lilac, £ in. ;
wings lanceolate, acute, as long as the keel. Pod £—| in. long, narrowed to both ends,
4-6-seeded ; stalk twice the calyx ; inflexed suture reaching all through in the lower
part, not in the upper.

Astragahds.'] l. leguminosjE. (J. G. Baker.) 121

10. A. adesmisefolius, Benth. MSS.; glabrous, stipules large foliace-
ous, leaflets very numerous, pod flat glabrous. Bunge Mori. i. 4 ; ii. 2. Phaca
Hoflmeisteri, Klotzsch Reise Pr. Wald. Bot. 159, t. 2.

West Tibetan Himalayas, alt. 8-12,000 ft. ; Dras, Zanskae, Piti, Ladak,
Nubra.

Branches zigzag, glabrous, terete, woody, reaching several feet in height. Leaves 2-6
in. long; leaflets 25-41, green, obo-vate, emarginate, rather fleshy, lower ^~\ in. long,
upper growing gradually smaller ; stipules persistent, obliquely cordate-ovate. Ra-
cemes very lax, £-1 ft. ; pedicels very short ; bracts minute, linear. Calyx £ in., ob-
lique, tubuloso-campanulrtte, glabrous ; teeth minute, deltoid. Corolla lilac, -| in., tho
petals subequal in length ; limb of wing lanceolate, acute. Pod oblong, §-£ in., nar-
rowed to both ends, 4-8 -seeded ; lower suture hardly at all inflexed ; stalk more than
twice the calyx.

11. A. trichocarpus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5926 ; obscurely silky, sti-
pules minute, leaflets very numerous, pod turgid finely downy. Bunge Mon.
l. 4 ; ii. 2. A. sesbanioides, Benth. in Bogle III. 199 ; Bunge loc. cit.

Central Himalayas, temperate region, alt. 5-8000 ft. ; Simia, Gurwhal, Kumaon.

Erect, suffruticose, reaching several feet high, the branches straight, virgate, much
furrowed. Leaves subsessile, 2-4 in ; leaflets 31-41, oblong, £-§ in. long, subobtuse,
pale green, clothed with minute silvery hairs. Racemes very copious, distinctly pe-
duncled, erecto-patent, 2-4 in. long, with very numerous flowers; pedicels short,
cernuous, clothed with dense short mixed black and white hairs ; bracts linear, minute.
Calyx glabrous, campanulate, oblique, TV in. ; teeth deltoid. Corolla lilac, 4-5 times
the calyx ; limb of standard round ; wings lanceolate, shorter than the keel. Pod f-£
in. long, oblong, completely 2-celled, 4-6-seeded ; stalk much exceeding the calyx.

Sfbgex. 3. Trimenieeus, Bunge. Annual weeds with basifixed hairs,
small yellow flowers in usually dense heads, and glabrous stigmas.

12. A. prolixus, Sieber PI. sEgypt. Exsic. ; heads dense peduncled, leaflets
11-17 oblong obtuse, pod short straight linear-oblong C-8-seeded nearly
bilocular. Bunge Mon. i. 9; ii. 6; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. '223. A. arabicus,
Ehrhenb. ; Bunge Mon. loc. cit. ; Boiss. loc. cit. Phaca Vogelii, Webb in Hook.
Nigr. Fl. 123, t. 8.

Plains of Scinde and Punjab. — Distrib. Cape Verde islands ; through Egypt to
Arabia.

Stems very slender, £-1 ft., densely clothed upwards with adpressed white hairs.
Leaves distinctly petioled, ^-l£ in. long ; leaflets distant, glaucous, £-± in., clothed with
fine adpressed white hairs; stipules minute, lanceolate, free. Heads 6-12-flowered ;
peduncles rarely as long as the leaves. Calyx under — in., densely matted ; teeth
linear-setaceous, nearly as long as the tube. Corolla little exserted. Pod sessile,
turgid, ^— | in. long, densely pubescent.

13. A. Aitchisoni, Baker; heads very lax short»peduncled, leaflets ob-
long emarginate, pod very long and slender straight or slightly recurved
slightly torulose unilocular 15-20-seeded.

Punjab, Salt range, Aitchison.

Stem suberect, £ ft., slender, thinly white-canescent. Leaves distinctly petioled,
l$-2$ in. long; leaflets distant. 17-25, alternate, \ in. long, grey-green, thinly
coated with adpressed short white hairs ; stipules minute, deltoid. Racemes 4-6-
flowered ; pedicels very short ; bracts minute. Calyx £ in. campanulate, thinly
white-sjlky ; teeth linear or lanceolate, nearly as long as the tube. Corolla twice
the calyx, white with a purple tip ; standard longer than the wings and keel. Pod
l£ in. long, under i in. thick, thinly white-canescent at first ; dissepiment not at all
incurved ; seeds distant, very small.

122 L. leguminosj:. (J. Gr. Baker.) [Astragalus,

14. A. ophiocarpus, Benth. MSS. ; heads lax nearly sessile,
oblong einarginate, pod very long- and. slender sickle-shaped slightly torulose
unilocular 10-12-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 10 ; ii. 6 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 224/

Ladak, alt. 11,000 ft., TJiomson. — Distrib. Persia.

Stems slender, diffuse, £-£ ft., densely finely white-downy. Leaves distinctly petioled,
■i— 1 in. long; leaflets moderately close and thick, distinctly notched at the apex,
matted on both sides with short white hairs ; stipules lanceolate, very minute.
Racemes 3-6-flowered; pedicels and bracts minute. Calyx under ^ in., densely
matted ; teeth lanceolate, shorter than the tube. Corolla nearly twice the calyx, its
petals subequal in length. Pod 1-1 ^ in. long, thick, finely downy, the dissepiment
not at all incurved, the oblong seeds with a space corresponding to the slight con-
strictions of the pod between them.

15. A. tribuloides, Delile-, DC. Prodr. ii. 288; heads dense sessile,
leaflets 13-15 oblong-lanceolate acute, pod short linear-oblong densely pubescent
little recurved 10-12-seeded subbilocular. Bunge Mon. i. 10 ; ii. 7 ; Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 224. A. minutus, erpocaulis and ammocryptos, Boiss. Diagn. ix.
58-9.

Plains of Punjab. — Distrib. Canaries, through Egypt to Afghanistan.

Stems slender, densely csespitose, trailing, ^-1 ft., densely clothed upwards with
ascending white hairs. Leaves distinctly petioled, 1-2^ in. long ; leaflets mostly close,
densely clothed with long white hairs on both sides ; stipules minute. Heads 6-10-
flowered. Calyx tubular, |-£ in., densely matted ; teeth setaceous, shorter than the
tube. Corolla pale yellow, little exserted. Pods •§ in. long, turgid, densely pubescent,
the cluster often spreading from the stem like the spokes of a wheel from the axis.

16. A. hamosus, Linn, ; DC. Prodr. ii. 290; heads peduncled dense,
leaflets 13-25 oblong emarginate, pod long cylindrical glabrous much recurved
nearly bilocular 16-18-seeded. Sibth. 8f Sm. Fl. Grcec. t. 728 ; Bunge Mon,
i. 13 ; ii. 13 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 238.

Plains of Punjab at Lahore, Peshawur, &c. — Distrib. Canaries, Mediterranean
region, Orient.

More robust and less hairy than the other species, the stems 1-2 ft. long. Leaves
distinctly petioled, \-% ft. long ; leaflets distinctly stalked, pale green, $-% in. long,
glabrescent above, or thinly matted with silvery hairs on both sides. Heads 6-20-
flowered ; peduncles much shorter than the leaves. Calyx ^ in., matted with mixed
black and white hairs ; teeth subulate, as long as the tube. Corolla pale yellow, half
as long again as the calyx. Pod £-1 in. long, cylindrical, firmer than in its neigh-
bours, quite glabrous.

17. A. gracilip js, Benth. MSS. ; heads dense peduncled few-flowered,
leaflets 9-13 oblong obtuse, pod cylindrical pubescent little recurved 10-12-
seeded half-bilocular. Bunge Mon, i. 15 ; ii. 17.

"West Tibet; Zanskar and Indus valley, alt. 11-14,000 feet, Thomson.
Acaulescent, or stems short, suberect, densely clothed with ascending strong white
hairs. Leaves long-petioled, 1-3 inches long ; leaflets distant, greenish, £- § in. long,
densely clothed with hairs like thoso of the stem ; stipules minute. Heads 3-6-
flowered ; peduncles pilose, 2-4 in. Calyx £ in., tubular; teeth short, setaceous.
Corolla pale yellow, twice the calyx ; standard narrowed suddenly into a deltoid tip,
the wings shorter and keel shorter still. Pod £— | in. long by £ in., Sessile, clothed
with short dense white bristly hairs.

18. A. contortuplicatus, Linn,; DC. Prodr. ii. 290 ; heads dense short-
peduncled, leaflets 13-17 oblanceolate-oblong emarginate, pod cylindrical downy
very much recurved nearly bilocular 20-30-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 18 ; ii. 20;
Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 230.

Astragalus.'] l. leguminosjE. (J. G. Baker.) 123: •

^Plains of Punjab and Scjnde. — Disteib. East Europe, Orient, West Siberia.
Stems subereet, ^-\\ ft., densely clothed with short soft spreading white hairs*
Leaves distinctly petioled, 3-4 inches long ; leaflets \-^ in., distant, greenish, thin at
firsts densely pilose on both sides ; stipules lanceolate, free, larger than in all the pre-
ceding. Heads very dense, many-flowered, on pilose peduncles much shorter than the-
leaves. Calyx £ in., densely pilose ; teeth setaceous, plumose, exceeding the tube.
Corolla little exserted, the lanceolate acute wings shorter than the standard and keel.
Pod \ in. long, sausage-shaped, membranous, rugose, completely conduplicate.

Subgen. 4. Fodolotus, Boyle. A caulescent perennial, with a few
obscure basifixed hairs and naked stigma, differing from all the other groups by
the endocarp of the unilocular pod separating as a thin membrane and produced
into septa between the seeds.

19. A. hosackioides, Benth. Gen. i. p. 507. Podolotus hosackioides
Boyle III. 198.

Kumaon and Guewhal, temperate region.

Stems slender, glabrous, zigzag, densely csespitose, \\-\\ ft. Leaves short-petioled,
1-1 5 in.; leaflets 13-15, green, glabrous, oblong, obtuse, ^-f in. ; stipules minute*
deltoid. Peduncles equalling or exceeding the leaves, 1-2-flowered. Calyx £ in.,
glabrous ; teeth short, deltoid. Corolla yellow, twice the calyx ; petals equal in
length, wings and keel abruptly incurved. Pod linear, turgid, straight, ^-f in. long^
5-6-seeded, with a stalk as long as the calyx.

Subgen. 5. Kypoglottis. Herbaceous perennials, with basifixed hairs,,
flowers in dense mostly peduncled capitate heads, and naked stigmas.

* Heads sessile or peduncled. Flowers lilac or purple.

20. A. confertus, Benth. MSS. ; stems very dwarf densely csespitose
thinly clothed with adpressed white hairs, leaflets 11-13, calyx clothed with
adpressed black hairs, teeth linear shorter than the tube, pod stalked unilocular;
few-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 23 ; ii. 27.

"West Tibet, alpine region; Pangong and Parang valley, alt. 15-17,500 ft.,.
Thomson, Henderson.

Bhizome woody, fusiform, the whole plant not more than 1-3 inches high above
the soil. Leaves \-\ in. long ; leaflets silvery, thick, close, complicate, oblong, densely-
canescent, A in. or less long ; stipules small, lanceolate. Heads 6-8-flowered ;.
peduncle 1-1^ in., mostly subradical, clothed with adpressed black and white silky
hairs ; pedicels and bracts very small. Calyx £ in., the tube campanulate. Corolla,
twice the calyx ; keel and wings subequal, rather shorter than the standard. Ovary,
silky, not seen fully developed.

21. A. rig'idulus, Benth. MSS.; stems very short glabrous, leaflets
17-21, calyx clothed with adpressed black silky hairs, teeth lanceolate as
long as the tube, pod oblong turgid sessile unilocular 6-8-seeded. Bunge Mon*.
i. 23 ; ii. 25.

Sikkim, alpine region; Tungu, alt. 13,000 ft., Hook.jil.

Bhizome slender, much branched below the surface, the whole plant closely
resembling A. alpinus in habit, not more than 3-4 inches high above the soil. Leaves.
distinctly petioled, l-]£ in.; leaflets green, linear-oblong, obtuse, \-\ in. long, thinly
coated with adpressed white hairs ; stipules \ in. deltoid, membranous. Heads 6-10-
flowered ; peduncles and pedicels both very short. Calyx under \ in. Corolla twice-
the calyx ; limb of standard oblong, exceeding the wings and keel. Pod glabrous,,
oblong, membranous, ^ in. long.

22. A. alpinus, Linn. Sp. 1070 ? ; stems short slender clothed with ad-
pressed white silky hairs, leaflets 11-13, calyx clothed with adpressed mixed.

124 L. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) [Astragalus.

black and white silky hairs, teeth setaceous as long- as the tube, ovary stalked
glabrous few-ovuled. Phaca astragalina, DC. Prodr. ii. 274 ?

West Tibet ; Burgil pass, Winterbottom. — Distrib. Alpine region through north
temperate zone.

Stems 3-4 in. high, simple, ascending. Leaves about an inch long ; leaflets oblong,
acute, pale green, thinly coated with close silvery hairs on both sides ; stipules deltoid,
foliaceous, rather large. Peduncles 1-1 £ in., thinly silky. Heads 3-6-flowered;
bracts linear, exceeding the short pedicels. Calyx \ in. Corolla twice the calyx;
wings shorter than the standard and keel. Pod not seen. — The Sikkim plant re-
ferred here by Bunge is our A. kongrensis.

23. A. tibetanus, Benth. MSS. ; stems slender short ascending thinly
■clothed with adpressed mixed black and white hairs, leaflets 21-25, calyx-teeth,
densely black-silky setaceous a third as long as the tube, pod linear stalked
bilocular 6-10-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 52 ; ii. 85 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 250.
A. Maxwellii, Boyle III. 198 ?

West Tibet, temperate and alpine region, alt. 9-14,000 ft.; Dras, Zanskar,
Nubra, Ladak, Thomson, Henderson. — Distrib. Afghanistan.

G-eneral habit of A. Hypoglottis, to which it is closely allied. Stems zigzag, firm,
•slender, branched, £-£ ft. Leaves 2-4 in. long, distinctly petioled ; leaflets oblong,
obtuse, moderately close, pale green, thinly canescent at first, glabrescent above when
mature ; stipules small, lanceolate or deltoid, free. Heads subglobose, 10-20-flowered ;
peduncles 1-4 in., the black hairs predominating upwards ; bracts lanceolate, much
exceeding the short black pedicels. Calyx § in., the teeth densely, the tube thinly
black-silky. Corolla twice the calyx ; wings shorter than the standard ; keel still
shorter. Pod £-| in., rather recurved, finely black-silky; stalk shorter than the
calyx-tube.

24. A . hypog-lottoides, Baker ; stems slender short ascending thinly
clothed with adpressed white hairs, leaflets 17-19, calyx densely coated with.
mixed black and white silky hairs, teeth linear a third as long as the tube, ovary
stalked 8-10-ovulate.

Tibetan Himalayas, the exact station not known, Dr. Henderson.

Closely allied to the last, with which it agrees in general habit. Leaves 1-1| in.
long; leaflets oblong, obtuse, pale grey green, persistently coated on both sides with
adpressed silvery hairs ; stipules foliaceous, connate in lower half. Flowers 12-20, in
a dense head, not more than half the size of those of A. Hypoglottis and tibetanus ;
peduncles 1^-2 in. long, with a few black hairs mixed with the white ones upwards.
Calyx i-| in. Corolla deep purple, § in., the proportion of the petals as in the last.
Developed pod unknown.

25. A . lessertioides, Benth. MSS. ; stems short firm erect glabrous,
leaflets 9-11, calyx-teeth1 linear densely black-silky half as long as the
nearly naked tube, pod stalked silky unilocular 3-4-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 24 ;
ii. 28.

Sikkim, alpine region ; Tungu, alt. 13,000 ft., Hook. fil.

"Whole plant under a foot high. Leaves 1-2 in. long ; leaflets green, oblong, obtuse,
3~4 in. long, with a few black hairs ; stipules foliaceous, lanceolate, \-\ in. long,
ciliated at first with black hairs ; petiole twice as long as the stipules. Heads
12-20-flowered. Pedicels very short; peduncles erect \-^ ft., with a few adpressed
black hairs in the upper half; bracts minute, shaggy with black hairs. Calyx £-| in.,
tube campanulate, nearly naked; teeth black-plumose. Corolla £ in., petals sub-
•equal. Pod \ in. densely silky, narrowed from the middle to both ends ; stalk as
ong as the calyx-tube.

26. A. strictus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5924 ; stems short slender ascending

Astragalus.'] L. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) 12&-

clotlied with adpressed white silky hairs, leaflets 19-25, calyx clothed with
adpressed mixed black and white hairs, teeth linear shorter than the tube,
pod stalked linear-oblong unilocular 6-8-seeded. Benth. in Boyle III. 198 ;.
Bunge Mon. i. 23 ; ii. 27. A. mutabilis, Jacquem. MSS.

Through the Himalayas in the alpine region, alt. 11-16,000 ft., from Nubea and
Ladak to Siickm and Silhet.

Stems densely caespitose, firm but slender, branched, ^-1 ft. long. Leaves short-
petioled, 1-1£ in. long; leaflets close, oblong, obtuse, £- § in. long, pale green, persistently
coated with adpressed white hairs ; stipules small, deltoid, free, foliaceous. Heads very
dense, 2 0-40 -flowered ; peduncles 2-4 in., with a few black hairs mixed with the
silvery ones near the top; pedicels black, shorter than the minute bracts. Calyx-
| in. Corolla twice the calyx ; wings and keel shorter than the standard. Pod \ in.
long, short- stalked, rather recurved, clothed like the calyx.

27. A. oxyodon, Baker; stems short slender ascending clothed with
adpressed white silky hairs, leaflets 15-17, calyx clothed with adpressed mixed
"black and white hairs, teeth setaceous twice as long as the tube, ovary stalked
5-6-0 vulate.

West Tibet, Falconer.

General habit of A. strictus. Stems densely caespitose, ^— 1 foot high. Leaves
1-1£ in. long ; leaflets oblong, obtuse or subacute, densely white-strigillose on the
back, thinly on the face, alternate, the lower distant ; stipules moderately large, con-
nate, silky on the back. Peduncles 2-3 in., very slender, densely clothed ,with
adpressed mixed black and white hairs; pedicels black, very short; bracts y^-A-
in., lanceolate, membranous. Calyx ^ in. ; tube campanulate ; teeth much longer
in proportion than in any of its allies. Corolla ± in.; keel and standard equal ;
wings much shorter. Mature pod not seen ; ovary thinly silky.

28. A. densiflorus, Kar. $ Kir. Bnum. PI. Song. No. 245; stems elong-
ated firm glabrous, leaflets 11-13, calyx minute clothed with mixed black and
white hairs, teeth lanceolate short, pod globose sessile minute unilocular 1-2-
seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 21 ; ii. 22.

West Himalayas, alpine region, alt. 12-17,000 ft.; Lahul, Sassae, Zanskar,.
Ladak, Kunawab. — Distkib. Afghanistan, Central Siberia.

Stems densely caespitose, rigid, erect, i-1 ft. long. Leaves 1-2 in. long ; leaflets,
thick, oblong, glaucous, obtuse, l-£ in. long, obscurely white-strigillose on both sides ;
stipules small, deltoid, foliaceous, free. Peduncles 1-4 in., with a few black and white
hairs in the upper half; bracts minute, linear, black, ciliated, exceeding the very short
black pedicels. Calyx ^-^ in., campanulate ; teeth shorter than the tube. Corolla
lilac, three times as long as the calyx ; keel and wings much shorter than the standard.
Pod rugose, silky, ^ in. long, turgid, membranous.

29. A. melanostacbys, Benth, MSS. ; stems elongated firm glabrous,,
leaflets 13-15, calyx clothed with black silky hairs, teeth as long as the tube,
pod oblong sessile half-bilocular 2-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 21 ; ii. 22. A. brae-
teosus, Klotzsch Beise Pr. Wald. Bot. 160, t. 5, non Boiss.

West Himalayas, alpine region, alt. 10-15,000 ft. ; Kashmir, Lahux, Tibet.

Stems 1^-2 ft. high, moderately stout. Leaves distinctly petioled, 1-3 in. long ;
leaflets oblong, glaucous-green, obtuse or emarginate, £-f in. long, nearly naked ;
stipules |-j| in., free, foliaceous, deltoid-cuspidate. Heads dense, 1-3 in. long ;
peduncles 2-6 in. long, clothed with short spreading mixed black and white hairs,
dense at the base of the head ; bracts ^-§ in., lanceolate, foliaceous, persistent. Calyx
-J-i in. nearly sessile. Corolla narrow, half as long again as the calyx ; keel and
wings shorter than the standard. Pod included in the calyx, £ in. long, clothed with
fine black silky hairs.

126 L. LEGUMINOS.E. (J. Gr. Baker.) [Astragalus.

30. A. bhotanensis, Baker; stems firm elongated glabrous, leaflets
21-25, calyx glabrous, teeth sliort linear, pod cylindrical sessile many-seeded
nalf-bilocular.

Bhotan, temperate region ; grassy banks at Panga, 7000 ft., Griffith.

Sterns 1-2 feet high, slender glabrous, terete, with distant nodes and ascending
branches. Leaves 2-4 in. long ; leaflets oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, |-f in. long, green
and glabrescent above, clothed with a few obscure adpressed hairs below ; stipules
free, lanceolate, f-| in. Flowers 12-20, in very dense heads; peduncles 2-5 in. long,
with only a few obscure adpressed white hairs at the top ; bracts lanceolate, glabrous,
!~£ in. Calyx nearly sessile, \ in. long, tubular ; teeth a third as long as the tube.
Corolla twice the calyx, colour uncertain ; wings rather shorter than the keel and the
latter than the standard. Pod firm, turgid, straight, £-f in. k>ng ; seeds about 20.

31. A. inconspicuus, Baker; stems short filiform trailing subglabrous,
leaflets 15-17, calyx-tube with a few adpressed black hairs, teeth minute
lanceolate or setaceous, pod stalked unilocular 10-12-seeded.

Ktjmaon ; banks of the Ralam river, alt. 9000 ft., Strachey and Winterbottom.

Habit of a small Vicia. Leaves 1-1 £ in. long; leaflets opposite, oblong, obtuse,
| in. long, green, glabrescent when mature, thinly silky at first ; stipules minute,
lanceolate. Flowers 3-4 together, on a short peduncle clothed with ascending grey
silky hairs ; pedicels distinct, but shorter than the minute deltoid bracts. Calyx \ in.,
tubuloso-campanulate, nearly naked. Corolla scarcely twice the calyx, the petals
equal in length. Pod not seen mature.

32. A. tenuicaulis, Benth. MSS. ; stems elongated subglabrous very-
weak and slender, leaflets 13-15, calyx thinly clothed with short black hairs,
teeth not more than j«r£ as long as the tube, pod oblong sessile unilocular
4-6-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 23; ii. 28.

Sikkim: and East Nipal, temperate region, alt. 7-9000 ft, Hook. fil.

Stems straggling, branched, a foot or more long. Leaves 1-1J in. ; leaflets oblong,
•obtuse, opposite, thin, glaucous green, finely downy ; stipules free, minute. Heads 4-8-
flowered, not very dehse ; peduncles an inch or less long, finely downy ; bracts
lanceolate or deltoid, minute. Calyx | in., tubuloso-campanulate. Corolla § in. ;
standard slightly exceeding the keel and wings. Pod | in. turgid, membranous, ob-
scurely downy. — General habit of an Ervum.

33. A. sikkimensis, Benth. MSS. ; stems elongated slender weak
nearly glabrous, leaflets 19-21, calyx clothed with adpressed black hairs, teeth
"half as long as the tube, pod small oblong stalked unilocular 2-3-seeded. Bunge
Mon. i. 23 ; ii. 28.

Sikkim and East Nipal, alt, 8-12,000 ft., Hook. fil.

Stems 1-2 feet, erect, very slender, with distant nodes clothed only with a little
minute adpressed white pubescence. Leaves l|-2 in. long; leaflets oblong, obtuse or
emarginate, clothed when young with adpressed white silky hairs, green and glabres-
•cent above when mature ; stipules minute, lanceolate, falcate. Peduncles short,, clothed
with copious adpressed black hairs; flowers 20-30 in an oblong head; pcdi eels-
black, very short ; bracts deltoid, minute. Calyx }t in. tubuloso-campanulate. Corolla,
twice the calyx ; standard slightly exceeding the keel and wings. Pod |-£ in. long,
membranous, turgid, densely black-silky ; stalk as long as the calyx-tube.

34. A. laimalayanus, Klotzsch Beise Pr. Walcl. Bot. 100, t. 4: stems
elongated slender weak nearly glabrous, leaflets 21-25, calyx clothed with minute
adpressed black and white hairs, teeth half as long as the tube, pod linear-
oblong stalked subunilocular 5-6-seeded. A. carinalis, Benth. MSS. ; Bunge
Mon. i. 23 ; ii. 28. Phaca longicaulis and cachemerica, Benth. MSS.

Astragalus.'] l. leguminos-e. (J. G. Baker.) 127

"West Himalayas, temperate and alpine region, alt. 5-13,000 ft. ; Lahtjl, Kultt,
Kunawar. Kashmir, Garwhal.

Stems very slender, 1-2 feet long, with distant internodes, clothed when young with
a few minute adpressed white hairs. Leaves 1^—2 in. long; leaflets thin, oblong,
obtuse or cmarginate, g-i in. long, pale green, with a few short adpressed white hairs;
stipules minute, lanceolate, spreading. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, clothed with
mixed black and white hairs ; pedicels ^ in. ; bracts very minute. Calyx £-| in.,
campanulate. Corolla |-£ in., keel slightly exceeding the wings, falling short of the
standard. Pod f-^- in. long, membranous, finely black-silky ; stalk exceeding
the calyx.— A specimen gathered by Strachey and Winterbottom at the Melam
glacier in Kumaon has setaceous calyx-teeth, twice as long as the campanulate tube,
and will probably prove a new species between A. himalayanus and Maddenianus.

35. A. XHaddenianus, Benth. MSS. ; stems elongated slender weak
clothed at first with short spreading black and white hairs, leaflets 19-21, calyx
clothed with minute adpressed black and white hairs, teeth setaceous as long "as
the tube, pod stalked unilocular 3-4-seeded.

Kumaon ; temperate region, alt. 10-11,000 ft., Madden, Edgeworth.

General habit exactly as in A. himalayanus, but the young branches densely beset
with short spreading black and white bristly hairs. Leaves l|-2 in. long ; leaflets
oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, densely clothed at first on both sides with adpressed
silvery hairs ; stipules minute, spreading. Heads few-flowered ; peduncle 4—1 in.,
clothed like the branches ; bracts linear, exceeding the short black pedicels." Calyx
£- 1 in. Corolla \ in. ; wings much shorter than standard and keel. Pod f in.
long, membranous, densely white-silky, narrowed to both ends; stalk exceeding
the calyx.

** Heads peduncled. Flowers yellow.

36. A. cashmirensis, Bunge Mon. \. 30 ; ii. 34 ; stems elongated shaggy
with long hairs, leaflets 29-33, calyx thinly clothed with long hairs, corolla,
much exserted, pod sessile finely pubescent bilocular G-8-seeded.

Kashmir, temperate region, alt. 9-10,000 ft., Jacquemont, Falconer.

Stems stoat, erect or ascending, under a foot high. Leaves distinctly petioled, 3-4
inches long ; leaflets close, oblong, obtuse or acute, |~|- in. long, dull green, clothed
densely at first with long fine hairs ; stipules ^ in. long, free, lanceolate, membranous,
striated. Heads dense, round ; peduncle 1-3 in. ; pedicel ~-^ in., shaggy ; bracts
linear, plumose, persistent, ^-f in. long. Calyx %-^ in. ; teeth linear, shorter than
the tube. Corolla % in. ; standard exceeding the wings and keel. Pod ^ in. long,
firm in texture, linear-oblong, straight, hollowed down the keel, narrowed into a long
'beak.

Var. 1. Falconeri, Baker; taller, much less shaggy, stipules narrower Sfe Jnch
long, leaflets 31-34 broad-oblong obtuse. — Kashmir, Falconer.

37. A. floridus, Benth. MSS. ; stems elongated clothed with minute
Tather spreading black hairs, leaflets 25-31, calyx densely clothed with ad-
pressed black hairs, pod long-stalked unilocular 4-5-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 24 ;
ii. 28/

Sikkim, alpine region ; Tungu, alt. 13,000 ft., HooJc.fil.

Stems moderately stout, erect, £-1 ft. Leaves 1^-3 in. ; leaflets linear-oblong,
"glaucous, subacute, f-i in., thinly clothed with adpressed silvery bristles ; stipules
lanceolate or deltoid, free, \-\ in. Heads round or oblong, 12-30-flowered, the lower
flowers cernuous; peduncle 1-2 in., densely black-silky; pedicels black, ^ in.; bracts
linear,, minute. Calyx under | in. ; teeth short, linear. Corolla bright yellow, twice
the calyx ; petals nearly equal. Pod linear-oblong, £ in. long, narrowed to both ends,
densely black-silky ; stalk as long as the calyx-tube.

128 L. LEGUMIN0S2E. (J. G. Baker.) [Astragalus.

38. A. leucocepbalus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5923 ; stems short slender
densely clothed with loose white hairs, leaflets 21-31, calyx shaggy with
white hairs, corolla little exserted, pod minute oblong sessile unilocular 3-4-
seeded. Benth. in Royle III. 198, t. 32, fig. 2 ; Bunge Mon. i. 48 ; ii. 76 ; Boies.
Fl. Orient, ii. 241.

West Himalayas, temperate and tropical zone, alt. 1-7,000 ft. ; Punjab, Kashmir,
Simla, Gurwhal, Kumaon. — Distbib. Afghanistan.

Stems densely crespitose, ascending, i-~ ft., densely persistently tomentose. Leaves
1-3 in. long ; leaflets close, oblong, glaucous, densely argenteo-eanescent, thick, obtuse or
subacute, -~ in. long ; stipules small, foliaceous, connate below the middle. Heads
small, very dense, oblong ; peduncles 2-6 in., densely white-tomentose ; bracts lanceo-
late, exceeding the buds. Calyx I in. long, subsessile, very shaggy; teeth setaceous,
as long as the tube. Corolla pale yellow, | in. ; keel rather shorter than the standard
and wings. Pod £ in. long, included in the calyx, finely downy.

*** Heads few-flowered, sessile or nearly so, in the axils of the leaves of an
elongated stem ; flowers yellow.

39. A. XHunroi, Benth. MSS. \ Bunge Mon. 1. 30 ; ii. 35.

Tibet Himalayas, alpine region; Piti, Lahul, Ladak. — Distrib. Kashgar,
Bellew.

Bhizome stout, long, woody, fusiform. Stems csespitose, stout, erect, ^—1 ft., shaggy
throughout with dense spreading white hairs. Leaves 1^-2 in. long ; leaflets 19-21-
oblanceolate, obtuse, f-1 in. long, thinly clothed with loose white hairs ; stipules
^ in., free, linear, or lanceolate. Calyx short-pedicelled, ^— | in., thinly pubescent ; teeth
linear-setaceous, nearly as long as the tube. Corolla |-| in., pale yellow ; petals sub-
equal. Pod oblong, sessile, membranous, much inflated, an inch long, nearly bilocular,
10-12-seeded.

Sttbgen. 6. Phaca.* Herbaceous perennials or undershrubs with
flowers in elongated racemes, basi-fixed hairs and naked stigmas.

* Stipules small.

40. A. macropterus, DC. Prodr. ii. 283; shrubby, leaflets 13-17 ob-
lanceolate, calyx-teeth minute, corolla lilac, pod oblong sessile turgid bilocular
5-6-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 21 ; ii. 22. A. vicioides, Led. Fl. Alt. 3, 301, t. 286.
A. distan3, Benth. MSS. A. longipes, Kar. and Kir. ; Led. Fl. Boss. i. 618. A.
puberulus, K. and K. Fnum. PI. Alt. No. 240.

Tibetan Himalayas, alpine region, alt. 9-12,000 ft. ; Ladak, Zanskar, &c, Thom-
son.— Distrib. Western and Central Siberia.

An erect undershrub, 2-3 ft. high, with numerous erecto-patent stiff virgate glabrous
branches. Leaves 2-3 in. long; leaflets distant, thick, pale green, glabrescent, ^-| in.
long ; stipules minute, lanceolate, free, spreading, caducous. Racemes very lax, |— 1 ft.
long ; peduncles stiff, ascending, £-1 ft. ; pedicels ~ in. ; bracts very minute. Calyx
campanulate, ^ in. long, with a few minute adpressed black hairs ; teeth deltoid-
cuspidate. Corolla | in. ; keel much shorter than the wings and standard. Pod
\-% in. long, glabrous, turgid, narrowed to a beak, nearly straight.

41. A. chlorostacliys, Lindl. in Trans. Hort. Soc. vii. 249; shrubby,
leaflets 13-17 oblong, calyx-teeth very short, bracts lanceolate, corolla pale green
tinged with lilac, pod oblong turgid stalked bilocular 6-10-seeded. Bunge Mon.
i. 27 ; ii. 32. A. Govanianus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5925. A. himalensis, Jac-
quem. MSS.

West Himalayas, alpine and temperate region, alt. 5-14,000 ft.; Pangi, Lahul,
Kashmir, Simla, Kumaon, Gurwhal.

* Name used here in a much more restricted sense than in Bunge's Monograph.

Astragalus.'] l. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) 129

An undershrub, several feet high, with abundant slender branches, pubescent when
mature, clothed with short spreading hairs aboye. Leaves \-$ ft. long ; leaflets thin,
oblong, obtuse, £-f in. long, green, glabrescent above, glaucous, finely white-silky be-
neath ; stipules lanceolate, free, small, spreading. Bacemes close, copious, long-
peduncled, 2-4 in. long ; pedicels ^ in. long ; bracts lanceolate, scarcely exceeding
the buds. Calyx tubular, under \ in. long, finely downy, oblique at the mouth, the
teeth deltoid. Corolla twice the calyx ; petals subequal. Pod turgid, membranous,
glabrous, ^ in. long, narrowed to both ends ; its stalk twice the calyx.

42. A. Stewartii, Baker; shrubby, leaflets 13-15 oblong, calyx-teeth
half as long as the tube, bracts long setaceous plumose, corolla pale yellow
tinged with lilac, pod oblong turgid stalked bilocular 6-8-seeded.

Hazara, temperate region, alt. 5-9000 ft., Dr. J. L. Stewart.

Habit of the last, from which it differs by its leaves persistently and densely
white-silky, and long setaceous plumose calyx-teeth and bracts, the latter conspicu-
ously protruded beyond the buds. Stipules \ in., linear-setaceous, spreading, caducous.
Branches firm, many-ribbed, clothed with copious adpressed short white hairs. Ba-
cemes \--^ ft., in the single specimen panicled near the base. Calyx \ in. long, includ-
ing the teeth, densely silky. Pod \-± in. long, oblong, glabrous, very turgid, fully
bilocular.

43. A. long-icaulis, Baker-, shrubby, leaflets 21-25, narrow-oblong,
calyx-teeth half as long as the tube, bracts long setaceous plumose, corolla pale
yellow-lilac, pod oblong turgid stalked bilocular 10-12-seeded.

Kashmir, temperate region, Falconer.

General habit of the two preceding, to which it is closely allied. Branches with
only a few adpressed short silky hairs. Leaves 4-6 in. long ; leaflets £-f in. long,
finely white-silky, greenish above, glaucous beneath ; stipules minute, free, lanceolate.
Bracts as in the last. Calyx \ in., with copious minute adpressed black hairs
and deciduous longer white ones. Pod §-f in. long, glabrous, narrowed to both ends ;
its stalk £-^ in. long.

44. A. ciliolatus, Benth. MSS. ; stems herbaceous, leaflets oblong 17-19,
calyx-teeth elongated setaceous, corolla yellow tinged with lilac, pod oblong
turgid stalked bilocular 8-10-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 27 ; ii. 33.

West Himalayas, temperate region ; Ladak, Kashmir, Kistwar, alt. 6-9000 ft. ;
Thomson, Falconer.

Stems 1-2 ft. or more high, firm, hollow, erect, glabrous. Leaves reaching |— | ft.
long ; leaflets thin, obtuse, green and glabrescent, |-1£ in. long, glaucous, thinly white-
silky at first below ; stipules \-% in., free, persistent, lanceolate or deltoid. Bacemes
long-peduncled close, subsecund ; bracts linear, not exceeding the buds. Calyx § in.,
oblique, tubular ; teeth setaceous, plumose, half as long as the tube. Corolla nearly
twice the calyx ; keel shorter than the other petals, broad, abruptly upcurved. Pod
1 in. long, oblong, turgid, membranous narrowed into a beak, clothed with fine short
spreading black hairs ; stalk as long as the calyx.

45. A. xiphocarpus, Benih. MSS. ; herbaceous, leaflets 21-25 oblong,
corolla yellow, calyx-teeth short linear, pod ensiform subcompressed stalked
bilocular 8-12-seeded. Bunge Man. i. 27 ; ii. 32.

East Himalayas, alpine region, alt. 10-11,000 ft.; Sikkim and East Nipal,
Hook. fil.

Stems 2-3 ft. high, erect, hollow, obscurely pubescent upwards, glabrous below.
Leaves \-\ ft. long; leaflets thin, narrow, oblong, obtuse, 1-1£ in. long, green, glabres-
cent above, glaucous, thinly silky below ; stipules lanceolate, spreading, free, £-1 in.
VOL. II. K

130 L. leguminos^. (J. Gr. Baker.) [Astragalus.

Bacemes long-peduncled, at first close, finally 2-3 in. long; pedicels ±-£ in., black ;
bracts lanceolate, not protruded. Calyx § in., tubular, with a few black hairs ; teeth
more densely black-silky, less than half as long as the tube. Corolla bright yellow,
\— | in. ; petals subequal. Pod l-l£ in. by %~ in., glabrous, membranous, narrowed
gradually to both ends, rather recurved ; stalk as long as the calyx.

46. A. emodi, Steud. Nomen. edit. 2, p. 161 ; herbaceous, leaflets oblong
21-25, calyx-teeth half as long as the tube, corolla yellow, pod long-stalked
oblong turgid subbilocular 12-16-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 28 ; ii. 33. A. podo-
carpus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5930, non C. A. Meyer.

Kumaon, alt. 10-11,000 ft., Blinkworth, Strachey and Winterbottom.

Stems tall, fistular, stout, erect, glabrous. Leaves 6-9 in. long ; leaflets thin, obtuse,
J-l in. long, glabrescent on both sides, green above, glaucous beneath ; stipules lanceo-
late, acute, free, reflexed. Bacemes long-peduncled, 2-3 in. long ; pedicels ascending,
£ in. long, finely downy ; bracts lanceolate, |-§ in. Calyx £ in., long, subglabrous,
tubular. Corolla twice the calyx ; petals equal. Pod oblong, turgid, membranous,
glabrous, 1^-1^ in. long, narrowed gradually into a beak; stalk ^-^ in. long.

47. A. khasianus, Benth. MSS. ; shrubby, leaflets' oblong 21-25,
calyx-teeth minute, corolla yellow, pod oblong turgid stalked bilocular 12-
16-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 27 ; ii. 32.

Khasia, temperate region, alt. 6-7000 ft., Hook.fil. and Thomson, Griffith.

Stems tall, erect, shrubby, much branched, subglabrous. Leaves 4 in. long ; leaflets
thin, narrow oblong, obtuse, ^-f in. long, green and glabrescent above, glaucous with a
few adpressed white hairs below ; stipules lanceolate, free, £ in. long. Bacemes long-
peduncled, moderately close, subseeund, finally 3-4 in. long; pedicels £ in., finely
downy ; bracts lanceolate, caducous, \ in. Calyx \ in., tubular, scarcely at all pilose.
Corolla twice the calyx ; petals subequal. Pod oblique oblong, very turgid, mem-
branous, glabrous ; stalk exceeding the calyx.

48. A. coluteocarpus, Boiss. Diagn. ix. 65; shrubby, leaflets round-
oblong 11-13, calyx-teeth long, corolla yellow, pod oblong turgid stalked
bilocular 10-12-seeded. ' Bunge Mon. i. 26 ; ii. 32 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 271.

West Tibetan Himalayas and Kunawar, alt. 6-10,000 ft., Thomson, Munro. — Dis-
trib. Afghanistan.

A tall undershrub, with copious erecto-patent terete virgate glabrous branches.
Leaves 4-5 in. long ; leaflets opposite, firm, glabrous, obtuse, glaucous, |-f in. long ; sti-
pules free, minute, deltoid. Bacemes long-peduncled, at first close; finally \-% ft. long ;
pedicels short, pilose ; bracts linear, not protruded. Calyx fin., tubular, thinly pilose ;
teeth setaceous, half as long as the tube. Corolla ■§ in. ; keel abruptly incurved, much
shorter than the wings and standard. Pod glabrous, very turgid, 1-1| in. long, nar-
rowed to both ends ; stalk finally longer than the calyx.

** Stipules large.

49. A. frig-idus, Bunge Mon. i. 25; ii. 28; herbaceous, leaflets 9-15
oblong, calyx-teeth minute, pod oblong stalked unilocular 6-8-seeded. Phaca
frigida, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 273.

"Western Himalayas, temperate region ; Gurwhal, Kistwar, Lahux. — Distrib.
Mountains through the north temperate zone.

Stems 1-2 ft. high, erect, stout, glabrous. Leaves 4-6 in. long ; leaflets opposite,
thin, an inch or more long, green, glabrescent above, glaucous with a few obscure hairs
below ; stipules ovate or lanceolate, acute or obtuse, free, persistent, ^-f in. long. Ba-
cemes long-peduncled, moderately close, subseeund, finally 2-3 in. long ; pedicels black-

Astragalus.'] L. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) 131

silky, i-£ in. Calyx § in., tubular, with a few obscure adpressed black hairs.
Corolla twice the calyx, bright yellow; standard exceeding the wings and keel. Pod
an inch long, glabrous, turgid, membranous, narrowed to both ends.

50. A. vicioides, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5931, non. Ledeb. Herbaceous,
leaflets oblong 17-21, calyx-teeth minute, pod oblong stalked bilocular 8-9-
seeded. A. concretus, Benth. in Royle HI. 199.

Central Himalayas, temperate region ; Nipal, Kistvar and Kunawar.

Stems 1-2 ft. high, erect, moderately stout, hollow, glabrous. Leaves |— ^- ft. ; leaflets
1-1£ in. long, thin, oblong, obtuse, green and glabrescent above, glaucous, with a few
adpressed hairs below ; stipules broad, membranous, connate, £-f in. long. Racemes
long-peduncled, close, 2-3 in. long ; pedicels ^-^ in., subglabrous ; bracts lanceolate,
-| in. Calyx | in., tubular, glabrous except the teeth, the mouth oblique. Corolla
bright yellow, twice the calyx ; petals equal. Pod glabrous, oblong, membranous, tur-
gid, |-f in. long, narrowed to both ends.

51. A. graveolens, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5929; shrubby, leaflets 17-19
round-oblong, calyx-teeth half as long as the tube, pod ensiform subcompressed
stalked bilocular 12-18-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 26 ; ii. 31 ; Benth. in Royle III.
199. A. rotundifolius, Royle III. 199 ; Bunge loc. cit. A. medullaris, Boiss.
Diagn. ix. 66; Fl. Orient, ii. 268; Bunge loc. cit. A. Scottianus, Stocks MSS.
A. stipulates, Jaquem. MSS. non Don.

West Himalayas, temperate region, alt. 4-12,500 ft. ; Kashmir, Kistvar, Piti,
Gurwhal, Kunawar, Kumaon. — Distrib. Afghanistan, Beloochistan.

A tall undershrub, with copious virgate terete glaucous branches. Leaves 4-6 in.
long ; leaflets opposite, firm, obtuse, glaucous, glabrous on both sides, subdistant, £-] in.
long ; stipules free, foliaceous, cordate, ovate or lanceolate, l-l£ in. long. Racemes
long-peduncled, ^—1 ft. long ; pedicels, ~-^ in. ; bracts linear, glabrous. Calyx tubular,
glabrous, § in. long ; mouth very oblique. Corolla yellow, twice the calyx ; standard
slightly exceeding the wings and keel. Pod 1-1 \ in. long, | in. broad, glabrous, mem-
branous, nearly straight ; stalk as long as the calyx.

52. A. stipulates, D. Dan in Bat. Mag. t. 2380; Prod. Nep. 246;
herbaceous, leaflets 31-41 oblong, calyx-teeth as long as the tube, pod oblong
subsessile bilocular 15- 20- seeded. Wall. Cat. 5928 ; Benth. in Royle III. 199 ;
Bunge Man. i. 28; ii. 33.

East Himalayas, temperate region, alt. 6-8000 ft ; Nipal and Sikkim.

Steins stout, erect, hollow, glabrous, 3-6 ft. high. Leaves \-l ft. long ; leaflets thin,
obtuse, 1-2 in. long, green, glabrescent above, glaucous with a few adpressed hairs
below; stipules membranous, concrete, leaf-opposed, amplexicaul, 1-3 in. long.
Racemes long-peduncled, ^-1 ft. long, at first dense ; pedicels £ in. ; bracts ^ in.,
lanceolate, membranous. Calyx tubular, f-1^ in., finely grey-downy. Corolla yellow,
| in. ; petals equal. Pod glabrous, turgid, rather recurved, narrowed into a long beak.

Subgen". 7. IHyobroma, Bunge. Stemless or short-stemmed perennial or
low shrubs, with stipules adnate in the lower part to the petiole, leaf-rachis
ending in a leaflet, large yellow flowers in close heads, gibbous calyces and
naked stigmas.

* Stemless.

53. A. rhizanthus, Royle III. 200; heads subsessile, leaflets oblong
obtuse densely silky, leaf-rachis not indurated, calyx-teeth linear, pod subsessile.
Bunge Mon. i. 35 ; ii. 60.

x2

132 L. leguminosj3. (J. G. Baker.) [Astragalus:

West Himalayas, temperate and alpine regions, alt. 9-16,000 ft.; Zanskab,
Lahtjl, Kashmib, Kunawab.

Tufts one or several together at the crown of a woody rootstock. Stipules §-£ in.,
lanceolate ; petiole and leaf-rachis densely silky, the latter 2-4 in. long, not persisting
after the leaflets fall; leaflets 31-41, |-£ in. long, glaucous, persistently silky on
both sides, the upper close, the lower distant. Heads dense, many-flowered, usually
quite sessile at the crown of the rootstock ; bracts linear, |-£ in. long, densely silky.
Calyx tubular, silky, |— § in. long ; teeth half as long as the tube. Corolla half as long
again as the calyx ; wings shorter than the standard, and keel than the wings. Pod
densely silky, £-f in. long, oblong, turgid, bilocular, splitting open the calyx, 15-20-
seeded, narrowed suddenly into the beak.

54. A. acaulis, Baker MSS. ; heads subsessile, leaflets lanceolate acute
glabrous, leaf-rachis not indurated, calyx-teeth lanceolate, ovary stipitate.

Sikkim, alpine region, alt. 16-17,000 ft., HooJc.fil.

Tufts several from the crown of the woody rootstock, the glabrous stems at most
an inch long. Leaves 2-3 in. long, distinctly petioled; leaflets 25-31, green,
narrowed gradually to a point, \-% in. long ; stipules \ in., membranous, lanceolate.
Heads 2-3-flowered, sessile. Calyx under | in. long, clothed with a few adpressed
hairs ; teeth a third as long as the tube. Corolla bright yellow, twice the calyx ; petals
subequal ; standard £ in. broad, Ovary glabrous, distinctly stalked ; ovules 12-16.
Pod not seen.

55. A. Webbianus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5936; heads subsessile, leaflets
oblong obtuse glabrous, leaf-rachis indurated, calyx-teeth linear-setaceous, pod
subsessile. Benth. in Boyle III. 199 ; Bunge Mon. i. 39 ; ii. 51.

Kunawab and West Tibet, alt. 12-16,000 ft., alpine region.

Tufts densely caespitose at the crown of a thick woody rootstock. Stipules linear
or lanceolate, |-| in. ; petiole 1-4 in. long, stramineous, glabrous, like the leaf-rachis,
which is 3-6 in. long and becomes wiry in texture; leaflets 31-51, scattered, dis-
tant, rather caducous, f-f in. long, glaucous with a few fine spreading hairs in the
early stage. Heads many-flowered, sessile or short-peduncled ; pedicels i-| in. ; bracts
linear, exceeding the pedicels, Calyx tubular, ■£ in. long ; teeth a third as long as the
tube. Corolla under an inch long ; wings distinctly shorter than the standard, and
keel than the wings. Pod oblong, turgid, glabrous, ^-f in. long, bilocular, 15-20-seeded,
narrowed suddenly at both ends.

56. A. bakuensis, Bunge Mon. i. 37; ii. 45; heads long-peduncled,
leaflets linear finely downy, leaf-rachis net at all indurated, calyx-teeth setaceous,
pod subsessile. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 283.

Punjab, subtropical zone ; Salt range, Fleming, Stewart. — Distbib. Orient.

Leaves \-% ft. long; petioles 2-6 in. long, densely clothed with short spreading
hairs; leaflets 31-41, distant, opposite or alternate, glaucous, distinctly stalked,
£-f in. long ; stipules lanceolate, ^-f in. Racemes many-flowered, laxer than in the
other species ; peduncle 2-12 in. long, finely downy; bracts linear-setaceous, | in.
long. Calyx tubular, downy, •£ in. long; teeth a third as long as the tube. Corolla
half as long again as the calyx, considerably tinged with purple ; petals subequal.
Pod oblong, densely silky, bilocular, 15-20-seeded, not seen mature. — Connects
Myobroma with Phaca.

** Stems distinct.

57. A. Candolleanus, Boyle HI. 199, non Boiss, heads subsessile,
leaflets 17-25, leaf-rachises indurated persisting long after the leaflets fall,
pod linear-oblong narrowed from the middle to both ends. A. Royleanus,
Bunge Mon. i. 30 ; ii. 34.

Astragalus.'] l. LEGUMiNOSiE. (J. G. Baker.) 133

West Himalayas, temperate and alpine region, alt. 8-13,000 ft.; West Tibet,
Kunawar, Kashmir, Gturwhal, Kumaon.

Stems woody, not more than a few inches long, beset below the tufts of leaves with
the copious ascending woody rachises of the old leaves with the lanceolate membranous
stipules still persisting. Leaves 3-4 in. long ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, glaucous, |— ^ in.
long, more or less silky; petioles 1-2 in., finely downy. Heads dense, many- flowered ;
pedicels £-£ in., densely silky ; bracts linear. Calyx § in., densely silky ; teeth linear,
a third as long as the tube. Corolla an inch long ; wings shorter than the standard,
keel than the wings. Pod f-1 in. long, curved, short-stalked, firm, turgid, bilocular,
12-16-seeded.

A plant from Kumaon and G-urwhal, of which we have incomplete examples ga-
thered by Falconer and Madden (var. pindreensis, Benth.) with the general habit and
copious persistent indurated petioles of this species, but with a shorter pod rounded at
both ends like the next, will probably prove distinct from both when fully known.

Bunge cites from ' Boyle III. p. 199,' A. subcaulescens, which he keeps up as a
species, but says he has not seen. Eoyle has no such plant.

58. A. pyrrhotrichus, Boiss. Diag. ix. 73; Fl. Orient, ii. 290; heads
distinctly peduncled, leaflets 41-51 clothed with long silky hairs, leaf-rachis not
indurated nor persistent. Bunge Mon. i. 39 ; ii. 54.

Hazara, 2-6000 ft., Stewart. Punjab, near Atok, Gen. Eyre, Aitchison — Distrib.
Afghanistan.

Stems short, woody, densely clothed with long soft spreading fine pale brown hairs.
Stipules £-f in. long, lanceolate, silky; leaf-rachis including petiole |-1 ft. long,
densely clothed with spreading hairs, much overtopping the heads ; leaflets green,
roundish or obovate-oblong, |-f in. long, obtuse, with a minute mucro. Heads close, 6-
12-flowered ; peduncle 1-4 in. ; pedicels short ; bracts linear-setaceous, plumose. Calyx
densely silky, J— i in. long ; teeth setaceous, nearly as long as the tube. Corolla half
-as long again as the calyx. Pod subsessile, dimidiate-oblong, densely silky, bilocular,
10-12-seeded.

59. A. malacophyllus, Benth. MSS. ; heads shortly peduncled, leaflets
31-41 densely silky, leaf-rachises not indurated nor persistent, pod oblong
narrowed suddenly at both ends. Bunge Mon. i. 36 ; ii. 61.

West Himalayas, temperate region, alt. 8-11,000 ft. ; Kashmir and Kistwar.

Stems densely pubescent, usually short, but reaching a foot long. Leaves 2-4 in.
long; leaflets close, oblong, obtuse, densely silky, £-£ in. long ; stipules lanceolate, f- \ in.
Heads close or rarely sublax ; peduncles an inch or less ; bracts linear-setaceous, ex-
ceeding the distinct pedicels. Calyx \ in., densely silky ; teeth linear, a third the
length of the tube. Corolla half as long again as the calyx ; wings rather shorter
than the standard; keel shorter still. Pod \ in. long, sessile, very turgid, firm,
bilocular, silky, 8-10-seeded.

60. A. anomalus, Bunge Mon. i. 35 ; ii. 62-, heads distinctly peduncled,
leaflets 25-31 nearly glabrescent, leaf-rachises not indurated nor persistent.

West Tibet, Falconer.

Closely allied to the last, from which it mainly differs by its longer peduncles and
fewer leaflets. Leaves 3-4 in. long ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, |*-| in. long, the upper
close, the lower distant, green, with a few short silky hairs ; stipules lanceolate, | in.
long. Calyx § in. ; teeth setaceous, plumose, half as long as the tube. Corolla |— g- in. ;
proportion of the petals as in A. malacophyllus. Ovary linear, silky, nearly sessile ;
ovules about 20. Pod not seen.

Subgen. 8. JEg acantha, Bunge. Low shrubs, with basifixed hairs,
stipules adnate at the base to the petiole, persistent rigid leaf-rachises without

134 L. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) [Astragalus.

any leaflet at the end, large yellow flowers in the axils of the leaves without
any peduncles, gibbous calyces and naked stigmas. Included in Fischer's mono-
graph in Tragacantha, from which they are separated by their pedicelled gibbous
calyx.

* Leaflets glabrescent or obscurely silky.

61. A. poly acanthus, Rorjle III. 199, non Wall. Cat. 5934; spines
short, stipules deltoid or lanceolate-deltoid, leaflets 9-13, flowers sessile in the
axils of the leaves usually geminate, corolla twice as long as the calyx. A.
Daltonianus, Bunge Man. i. 44 ; ii. 69. A. psilocentrus, Fisch. ; Bunge Mon.
i, 44 ; ii. 70. A. scariosus, Benth. MSS. ; Bunge Mon. i. 44 ; ii. 71. A. Grah-
amianus, Boyle III. 199, t. 36, fig. 2 •, Bunge Mon. i. 44 ; ii. 68. A. Jacque-
montii, Bunge Mon. i. 44 ; ii. 68.

Common in the north-west, ascending from the plains of the Punjab to 12,000 ft.,
reaching east to Ktjmaox and Gharwal. — Distrib. Afghanistan.

A copiously-branched undershrub, with short branchlets armed with the crowded
ascending old leaf-rachises, which are not more than 1|— 2 in. long. Leaflets oblong,
glabrescent or persistently slightly silky, pale glaucous green, rather thick in texture,
often complicate, ^~ in. long. Pedicels silky, |-^ in. Calyx tubular, £ in. long,
glabrescent or thinly silky; mouth oblique; teeth short, linear. Corolla l-l£ in.
long ; wings shorter than the standard, and keel than the wings. Pod £ in. long,
dimidiate-oblong, turgid, sessile, bilocular, 15-20-seeded.

'62. A. cicerifolius, Boyle ; Bunge Mon. i. 44 ; ii. 70 ; spines elongated,
leaflets 31-41, stipules lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, flowers in peduncled
heads, corolla not twice as long as the calyx. A. oplites, Benth. MSS. A.
tenuispinus, Bunge Mon. i. 44 ; ii. 70. A. microphyllus, Jacquem. MSS.

West Himalayas, temperate and alpine region, alt. 10-17,000 ft. ; Nttbra, Ladak,
Kashmir, Garwhal, Kttnawar, &c.

An undershrub, densely armed with the erecto-patent rigid stramineous leaf-
rachises, which are ^— \ ft. long. Leaflets finely silky at first, mostly glabrescent
when mature, pale green, thick in texture, obtuse, sometimes emarginate, ascending,
caducous, \- 1 in. long, oblanceolate or obovate-oblong. Flowers usually 3-4 together
on short peduncles from the axils of the leaves ; pedicels ^-\ in. ; bracts linear or
setaceous, exceeding the pedicels. Calyx £— § in., with a few adpressed black or
brownish silky hairs ; teeth setaceous, a third as long as the tube. Proportion of the
'petals as in the last. Pod |-| in. long, oblong, turgid, bilocular, densely silky, narrowed
to the point, 15-20-seeded.

** Leaflets persistently densely silky.

63. A . multiceps, Wall. Cat. 5937 ; main stems not produced, branchlets
with densely crowded nodes, flowers 1-2 together in leaf-axils usually not
peduncled, corolla twice as long as the calyx. Bunge Mon. i. 44, ii. 69.

"West Himalayas, temperate zone, alt. 10-12,000 ft.; Simxa, Ktjmaon, Garwhal.

Tufts densely congested, armed with the very crowded ascending old leaf-rachises,
which are 1^-3 in. long. Stipules \ in., lanceolate, adnate only at the very base ;
leaflets 21-31, mostly crowded, obovate-oblong, «jjj^-| in. long, thick in texture,
dull green, clothed with grey silky hairs. Pedicels ^-^ in. ; bracts linear, exceeding
the pedicels. Calyx § in., thinly silky ; teeth linear-setaceous, half as long as the
tube. Corolla § in. ; standard exceeding wings and keel. Pod sessile, oblong, turgid,
bilocular, 12-14-seeded, clothed with fine grey silky hairs.

64. A . zanskarensis, Benth. MSS. ; main stems short, branchlets

Astragalus.] L. leguminos-zb. (J. G. Baker.) 135

with densely crowded nodes, flowers in short-peduncled heads, corolla half as
long again as the calyx. Bunge Mon. i. 43, ii. 67.

West Himalayas, temperate and alpine region, alt. 10-14,000 ft.; Zanskar,
Thomson.

A dichotomously-branched undershrub, with the old part of the stems densely
beset with stiff persistent ascending leaf-rachises 3-4 in. long. Stipules lanceolate,
^ in. long; leaflets 21-25, close, oblong, obtuse, caducous, i-§ in. long, densely
clothed on both sides with rather spreading short pale brown silky pubescence.
Flowers up to a half-a-dozen in heads much overtopped by the leaves ; pedicels £ in.,
densely pubescent ; bracts linear-setaceous, plumose. Calyx |— | in., tubular, densely
silky ; teeth setaceous, \ as long as the tube. Corolla f in. ; wings shorter than
standard and keel than wings. Ovary oblong, silky, short-stalked ; ovules about 20.
Pod not seen.

65. A. leptocentrus, Bunge Mon. i. 44; ii. 69 ; main stems elongated,
branchlets with densely crowded nodes, flowers 1-2 together in leaf- axils not
peduncled, corolla twice as long as the calyx. A. leptacanthus, Benth. MSS.
non Boiss. ty Buhse.

"West Himalayas, alpine region. Piti, alt. 14,000 ft., Thomson; Hazara,
Winterbottom.

A low undershrub. with branches clothed with very dense short pale brown
spreading pubescence. Leaf-rachises erecto-patent, 2-3 in. long, persistently pubes-
cent; leaflets 21-31, oblong, obtuse, |— f in. long, persistently matted on both
sides with thick grey- brown silky pubescence. Pedicels ^ in., densely silky ; bracts
plumose, linear-setaceous. Calyx § in., densely silky ; teeth linear-setaceous, a third
as long as the tube. Corolla an inch long ; keel much shorter than standard and
wings. Pod oblong, ^— | in., sessile, silky, turgid, bilocular, 12-14-seeded.

66. A. bicuspis, Fisch. Mon. Trag. No. 94; main stems elongated,
nodes not crowded, flowers 1-3 together in the axils of the leaves not
peduncled, corolla half as long again as the calyx. Bunge Mon. i. 43, ii. 69.
A. lasiocladus, Benth. MSS.

Hazara and West Tibet, temperate zone, Winterbottom, Jacquemont, Falconer.

General habit of A. poly acanthus. Branches clothed with dense spreading or
deflexed pale brown silky hairs. Spines 1-2 in. long, stramineous, erecto-patent.
Stipules |-§ in., lanceolate-cuspidate; leaflets 13-17, oblong, J-| in. long, obtuse,
or subacute, shaggy with dense pubescence like the stem. Pedicels very short. Calyx
\ in. long, shaggy with dense silky hairs like the stem. Corolla |— | in. ; wiDgs and
keel much shorter than the standard. Pod shaggy, subsessile, oblong, bilocular, f-^ in.
long, 8-10-seeded.

Sttbgen. 9. Trag-acantha, Bunge. A low shrub with basifixed hairs,
indurated spiny leaf-rachis, caducous leaflets and sessile calyx narrowed equally
to the base.

67. A. strobiliferus, Boyle HI. 199 ; Bunge Mon. i. 83, ii. 146 ; Camb.
in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 39, t. 47, not Lindl.

West Himalayas, temperate and alpine region, alt. 8-13,000 ft. ; Piti, Kashmir,
Kunawar. — Distrib. Afghanistan.

A copiously-branched undershrub, not more than a few inches high, densely
armed with the ascending spine-tipped stramineous petioles, which are 1-2 inches
long. Stipules membranous, deltoid, adnate to the petiole, like those of a rose,
except at the tip ; leaflets 11-13, oblanceolate, glaucous, rigid, acute, £-§ in. long,
strigillose. Flowers a few sessile in the axil of each petiole, scarcely protruding

136 L. LEGUMiNOS.aE. (J. Gr. Baker.) [Astragalus.

beyond the stipules. Calyx \ in. long, cleft down to the base, each lobe like a dense
tuft of thick white pubescence. Corolla yellow, little xexserted ; petals equal, marces-
cent ; standard panduriform. Pod sessile, silky, 3-4-seeded.

Bunge gives his A. glabrifolius, Mon. i. 93, ii. 167, gathered also by Griffith in
Afghanistan, from the West Himalayas, on Falconer's authority. It has much longer
petioles, longer flat glabrous leaflets, flowers of many nodes at the top of a short stem
aggregated into a thick very dense oblong head.

Sttbgen. 10. Cercidothrix, Bunge (including Calycocystis). Herba-
ceous perennials, densely canescent with adpressed white bristly hairs fixed
by the centre like those of Indigofera, moderately large yellow flowers and
glabrous stigmas. Outlying representatives of a group of above 300 species,
mostly Central Asian.

68. A. peduncularis, Royle HI. 199; leaflets 21-25 distant narrow-
oblong, racemes many-flowered lax in the lower part, calyx permanently
tubular, pod linear very turgid unilocular many-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 96,
ii. 168.

West Tibet; Dras and Zanskar, alt. 9-12,000 ft., Thomson, Henderson;
Ktjnawar, Royle.

Stems tall, erect, glabrous, firm, little branched, 1-2 ft. high, with only a few obscure
adpressed bristles. Leaves 3-4 in. long ; rachis channelled down the face ; leaflets
obtuse or subacute, §-£ in. long, pale green, glabrescent above, persistently strigillose
below ; stipules deltoid, free, membranous. Racemes 2-4 in. long, dense upwards,
Phaca-like ; peduncles finally ^ ft. or more ; pedicels very short, cernuous ; bracts
lanceolate, £ in., subpersistent. Calyx \ in., finely downy ; teeth very short, upper
deltoid, lower lanceolate. Corolla twice the calyx; keel and wings nearly equal,
rather shorter than the standard. Pod sessile, firm, glabrous, very turgid, £-f in. long,
depressed down the keel, but the suture not intruded ; seeds 15-20.

69. A. subulatus, M. Bieb. Fl. Taur. Caucas. ii. 193; leaflets 9-13
distant linear, racemes few-flowered lax, calyx permanently tubular, pod long
cylindrical half-bilocular many-seeded. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 481. A. anfrac-
tuosus, Bunge Mon. i. 125, ii. 218.

West Tibet, alpine region, alt. 12,000 ft., Thomson, Henderson. — Distrib. Afghan-
istan, Bsloochistan, Crimea, West Siberia, Chinese Tartary.

Stems under a foot high, 2-3 times dichotomously forked, the branches divaricated,
thinly clothed with minute white bristles. Leaves |-1 in. long ; leaflets £-f- in.
acute, firm, pale green, persistently strigillose on both sides ; stipules linear, very
minute. Racemes 3-12-flowered, 1-2 in. long; peduncles rigid, exceeding the leaves,
clothed with mixed black and white adpressed hairs ; pedicels very short ; bracts
minute, lanceolate, persistent. Calyx cylindrical, ^— f in. long, densely clothed with
adpressed mixed black and white bristles ; teeth minute, lanceolate. Corolla nearly
twice the calyx ; wings shorter than the standard ; keel much shorter, the lamina
not more than half as long as the claw. Pod cylindrical, 1-1^ in. long, canescent
with similar bristles to those of the calyx and peduncle, firm, rostrate, 20-30-seeded,
straight or slightly recurved, narrowed to a short stalk.

70. A. nivalis, Kar. # Kir. Enum. PL Song. No. 272; leaflets 13-17
close oblong, racemes many-flowered capitate, calyx becoming inflated, pod
very small half-bilocular few-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 137, ii. 234. A. Thom-
sonianus, Benth. MSS.

West Tibet, alpine region, alt. 11-16,000 ft.; Zanskar, Ladak, and Sassar,
Thomson, Stewart. — Distrib. Central Siberia.

Root thick, woody. Stems \-$ ft., densely csespitose, slender, finely canescent. Leaf

Oxytropis.} L. leguminosj:. (J. Gr. Baker.) 137

1-1£ in. ; leaflets £-§ in., obtuse, densely white-canescent on both sides ; stipules small,
lanceolate, cuspidate, free. Flowers 6-20, in a dense head, all ascending ; peduncles
1-2 in., finely canescent ; bracts lanceolate, shaggy, exceeding the very short pedicels.
Calyx \ in. membranous, tubular at first, densely silky, becoming much inflated after
the petals fall ; teeth short, lanceolate. Corolla nearly twice the calyx ; wings shorter
than the standard ; keel snorter still. Pod £-f in., oblique oblong, silky, distinctly
stalked, 2-4-seeded, with the introverted suture reaching half through.

UNKNOWN SPECIES.

Of A. cceruleus, Hort. Paris; Bunge Mon. i. 103, ii. 184, a species near A.
Onobrychis, supposed to have been raised in the Paris garden from Ceylon seeds, we
know nothing. No doubt the locality is a mistake.

27. OXYTHOPIS, DO.

Herbaceous perennials with odd-pinnate leaves, the flowers usually in dense
heads. Calyx tubular or campanulate, with 5 subequal teeth. Corolla more or
less exserted ; standard longest ; keel shortest, pointed with a distinct cusp.
Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or stalked, many-ovuled ;
style abruptly incurved beardless, stigma capitate. Pod oblong or roundish,
turgid, continuous longitudinally within, unilocular or rarely bilocular. — Disteib.
Species about 100, spread through the North temperate zone.

Sect. I. XXypog'lottidei. Flowers in dense peduncled heads. Leaflets not
more than one from the same point. — Habit of Astragalus, section Hypoylottis.

* Flowers purple, rarely yellow.

1. O. lapponica, Gaud. Fl. Helv. iv. 545; stemless or short-stemmed,
leaflets lanceolate 13-25, flowers in permanently dense heads, calyx nearly
sessile, pod of the lower flowers or all the flowers deflexed. 0. microrhyncha,
Benth. MSS. Phaca lapponica, DC. Prodr. ii. 274.

"Western Himalayas, frequent in the alpine and temperate regions, alt. 9-17,000
ft. Sikkim, Hook. fil. — Distrib. Mts. of Europe and Siberia.

Stems often not developed, sometimes \-^ ft. long. Leaves 1-3 in. long ; leaflets
|— J in., green in the type, with a few adpressed white silky hairs or sometimes nearly
glabrescent ; stipules £- \ in., leaf-opposed, connate towards the base. Peduncles
^—^ ft., with only a few adpressed hairs ; flowers 6-20 in a dense rounded head ; bracts
minute, linear. Calyx ^-\ in., coated with adpressed nearly black silky hairs ; teeth
linear, shorter than the tube. Corolla bright purple, f-^ in. long; keel much
shorter than the wings. Pod linear-oblong, §— g in. long, unilocular, keeled down the
back, 5-6-seeded, clothed with a few obscure black or white hairs ; stalk as long as
the calyx-tube.

Var. 1. Jacquemontiana, Benth.; stemless, very dwarf, the whole plant not
more than 1-3 in. high, leaflets few small thick greenish, heads 1-3-flowered, corolla
rather larger than in the type. A high alpine form.

Var. 2. kumifusa, Kar. <$f Kir., sp. ; stemless, leaflets densely and persistently
white-silky on both sides, calyx more densely silky, the black hairs mixed with
copious white ones. O. glacialis, Benth. MSS. — Alpine zone of Kashmir and Western
Tibet.

Var. 3. xanthantha, Baker ; general habit and leaves of the type, but calyx
longer, with teeth quite as long as the tube and corolla yellow. — East Tibet ; Lama
Kongra, alt. 15,000 ft., Hook. fil.

2. O. mollis, Royle III. 198; stemless, tall, leaflets densely white-

138 L. LEGUMIN0S2E. (J. G. Baker.) [Oxytropis.

silky 13-25 oblong or lanceolate-oblong, heads finally sublax, corolla half
as long again as the calyx, pods ascending. O. floribunda, Benth. in JRoyle III.
198. Astragalus vesiculosus, Jacquem. MSS.

West Himalayas, alpine region, alt. 10-12,000 ft. ; Laitdx, Zanskar, Kunawar, &c.

Tufts $-1 ft. high, crowded at the top of a -woody rootstock. Leaves long-petioled,
2-3 in. long ; leaflets £~£ in. long, moderately thick, pale green, densely clothed on
both sides with persistent adpressed white silky hairs ; stipules lanceolate or deltoid-
cuspidate, densely silky. Peduncles usually much overtopping the leaves ; heads
finally 2-3 in. long; pedicels very short; bracts minute, linear. Calyx ^-^ in long,
densely clothed with mixed black and white silky hairs. Pod ^— § in. long, oblong-
cylindrical, unilocular, distinctly stalked, 6-8-seeded.

3. O. Thomson!, Benth. MSS. ; stemless, tall, leaflets lanceolate
densely white-silky 13-51, heads finally sublax, corolla twice as long as the
calyx, pods ascending.

West Himalayas, temperate and alpine region, alt. 7-15,000 ft. ; Lahtjx, Ladak,
Kashmir.

General habit of O. mollis. Leaves long-petioled, 4-6 in. long; leaflets grey -green,
narrower in proportion, f-1 in. long, not so thick nor densely silky as in the last; stipules
lanceolate, £ in. long. Racemes finally 3-4 in. long ; peduncles equalling or over-
topping the leaves; pedicels ^-^ in. ; bracts linear, small. Calyx \— | in., densely
clothed with mixed black and white silky hairs ; teeth plumose, the lower nearly as
long as the tube. Pod oblong-cylindrical, unilocular, 4-6-seeded, with a few minute
adpressed white hairs ; stalk as long as the calyx-tube.

** Flowers mostly yellow, rarely varying to purple.

4. O. dens a, Benth. MSS.-, acaulescent, very dwarf, leaflets 15-17
minute densely-silky, heads few-flowered short-peduncled, pod ovate-cylindrical
bilocular.

West Tibet, alpine region, alt. 16-17,000 ft., Thomson, Strachey.

Tufts densely csespitose from a woody root, the whole plant not more than 1—1 ^- in.
above the surface. Leaves under | in. long ; leaflets ^ in. long, close, oblong, thickly
matted with persistent grey-silky hairs ; stipules deltoid, membranous, 1^-2 in., con-
nate downwards. Heads 3-6-flowered ; peduncles densely silky, \- % in. ; pedicels
very short. Bracts small, linear. Calyx £ in., densely silky; tube campanulate ;
teeth linear, shorter than the tube. Corolla half as long again as the calyx. Pod
sessile, finely silky, narrowed gradually from the middle to the point, turgid, 5-6-

5. O. Strachey an a, Benth. MSS. ; stemless, very dwarf, leaflets 5-7
densely silky, heads few-flowered short-peduncled, pod round-oblong turgid
unilocular.

West Tibet, alpine region ; Darma Yankti, alt. 15,500 ft., Strachey $ Winter-
bottom.

Whole plant not above a couple of inches above the surface. Stipules deltoid,
membranous, minute ; leaflets thick, complicate, oblong, |— £ in. long, densely matted
with grey-brown silky hairs. Heads short-peduncled, 2-3-flowered ; bracts minute ;
pedicels very short. Calyx f in. long, tubular, densely clothed with ascending grey
silky hairs ; teeth linear, 3— \ tube. Corolla half as long again as the calyx. Pod \ in.
long, sessile, 3-4-seeded, densely clothed with long persistent pale brown silky hairs.

6. O. tatarica, Jacquem. MSS. ; stemless, leaflets small 13-21 densely
matted with white silky hairs, heads dense long-peduncled, bracts minute, pod
sessile inflated unilocular round-oblong.

Oxytropis.] l. LEGUMiNOSiE. (J. G. Baker.) 139

West Tibet, alpine region, frequent, alt. 13-17,000 ft. ; Ntjbra, Zanskar, Piti,
Parang, Ladak, &c.

Densely tufted, the whole plant 3-4 in. high. Leaves ^-1 in. long ; leaflets close,
except the lowest, oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, ^-| long, thick, densely persistently
matted with white silky hairs on both sides ; stipules minute, deltoid, silky. Flowers
20-40, in very dense heads ; pedicels scarcely any ; bracts minute, linear, white- plu-
mose. Calyx £-^ in., densely white-silky ; teeth nearly or quite as long as the tube.
Corolla not more than half as long again as the calyx, usually all yellow, rarely pur-
ple or the keel tipped with purple ; standard oblong-spathulate, exceeding the wings
and keel. Pod much inflated, membranous, sessile, J-f in. long, 5-6-seeded, shaggy
with loose dense white silky hairs.

7. O. cachemirica, Camb. in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 38, t. 44; stem
short, leaflets 13-21 oblong-lanceolate densely white-silky, heads dense long-
peduncled, bracts distinct lanceolate, pod sessile inflated round-oblong uni-
locular.

West Tibet and Kashmir, temperate zone, alt. 8-10,000 ft. — Distrib. Central
Siberia.

Whole plant \-\ ft. high. Stems ascending from a woody rootstock, finely pubes-
cent. Leaves 1-2 in. long : leaflets §-£ in. long, clothed on both sides with loose
white silky hairs ; stipules lanceolate or deltoid, connate downwards. Flowers 12-30
in a dense head ; pedicels very short. Calyx fin. long, densely white-silky; teeth
linear, nearly or quite as long as the tube. Corolla half as long again as the calyx.
Pod just like that of the last but rather larger.

8. O. BEeinshausenii, Schrenk; Led. Fl. Ross. i. 786; stem distinct,
leaflets 17-31 thin large oblong green pubescent, heads dense long-peduncled,
bracts conspicuous, pod short-stalked oblong unilocular. Bunge Bel. Lehm. 76.

West Himalayas, temperate region; valley of Kishengunga, alt. 9-11,000 ft.,
Stewart. — Distrib. Siberia.

Stems a foot or more high, at first thinly pilose. Leaves 3-4 in. long ; leaflets
^-f in. long, obtuse, thinly clothed with rather long whitish hairs on both sides; sti-
pules \-\ free, lanceolate or oblong. Flowers 12-20 in a dense head; peduncles erect,
4-6 in. long ; pedicels ^-^ia. ; bracts linear, ^-\ in. long, ciliated with black hairs.
Calyx | in., tubular, thinly clothed with adpressed black hairs ; teeth linear, half as
long as the tube, black-plumose. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Pod oblong,
turgid, ^-| in. long, straight, 6-8-seeded, with a few dark silky hairs.

Dr. Hooker procured from Nipalese Tibet flower-heads of a fifth yellow-flowered
species which, as far as the material goes, matches the Siberian O. argentata, Led. It
differs from O. Meinshausenii by larger bracts, longer calyx with linear teeth as long
as the tube, corolla shorter in proportion, not more than half as long again as the
calyx. These two represent in the Himalayas the group of O. campestris.

Sect. 2. Verticillares, DC. Herbaceous perennials with flowers in
dense heads, with leaflets often in pairs from the same point, so that they are
whorled when the nodes are opposite on the two sides of the leaf-rachis.

9. O. microphylla, DC. Prodr. ii. 279 ; Led. Fl. Boss. i. 578. O.

chiliophylla, Boyle III. 198 ; Camb. in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 38, t. 45.

West Himalayas, alpine region, alt. 11-16,000 ft.; Zanskar, Piti, Sassar,

NlTBRA, KUNAWAR, &C. J SlKKIM, Hook. fit.

Stemless, erect, £-f ft. high, the tufts densely caespitose at the top of a woody
rootstock, the deltoid imbricated stipules clothed with dense tufts of long white
silky hairs. Leaf short-petioled, 1^-3 m.long; leaflets crowded, linear-oblong, |—| in.
long, subcoriaceous, grey-green, gland-dotted, with fine deciduous pubescence, the edges
much reflexed. Peduncles equalling or overtopping the leaves ; flowers 4-15, the heads

140 L. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) [Oxytrojois.

at first close, becoming 2-3 in. long -when they expand. Calyx § in. long, tubular,
clothed with large sessile glands, nearbVgJabrous ; teeth short, linear, pubescent. Corolla
bright purple, twice the calyx. Pot^foalf-bilocular^ sessile, linear, turgid, recurved,
densely gland-dotted, ^labrous^bllo^uhar^see^s 20-30.

Sect. 3. Fhacoidei. Herbaceous caulescent perennials, with flowers in
elongated racemes. — Habit of Astragalus, section Phaca.

10. O. diffusa, Led. Alt. iii. 281 ; Icon. Ross. t. 451. O. glabra, DC.
Astrag. No. 31, t. 8 ; Prodr. ii. 280.

West Tibet, temperate region, alt. 7-8000 feet. — Distrib. "West Siberia.

Caulescent, 1-2 ft. high. Stems copiously branched, firm, slender, zigzag, terete,
glabrous. Leaves 2-3 in. long ; leaflets 9-1 3, lanceolate, £-1 in. long, green, rather
thick, acute, glabrous or with only a few minute obscure hairs ; stipules minute,
free, deltoid, foliaceous. Racemes 2-4 in. long ; pedicels very short ; bracts minute,
lanceolate. Calyx £ in., campanulate, with a few adpressed black and white hairs.
Corolla yellow, twice the calyx. Pod §-£ in. long, oblong, sessile, turgid, unilocular,
straight, glabrous, 6-10-seeded.

28. T A VERNIER A, DC.

Much-branched undershrubs. Leaves simple or 3-foliolate. Flowers in lax
racemes. Calyx-tube turbinate ; teeth 5, distinct, setaceous from a deltoid base.
Corolla marcescent, much exserted ; standard obovate ; wings small, much
shorter ; keel obtuse, as long as the standard. Stamens monadelphous ; anthers
uniform. Ovaf-y stalked, 2-4-ovulate ; style long, filiform, inflexed, stigma
minute, capitate. Pod of 1-4 flattened indehiscent densely muricated joints. —
Distrib. Species 3-4, reaching Egypt and Abyssinia.

1. T. nummularia, DC. Prodr. ii. 339 ; Mem. Leg. vi. t. 52 ; Boiss.
Fl. Orient, ii. 508. Hedysarum nummularifolium, DC. in Ann. Sc. Nat. iv.
102. H. sparteum, Burm. Fl. Lnd. 166, t. 51, fig. 2 ? T. spartea, DC. loc. eit. ?
Onobrychis diffusa, Camb. in Jacquem. Toy. Bot. t. 49. T. cuneifolia, Am. in
Wight Jc. t. 1055 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 67. T. gonoclada and T. ephedro-
ides, Jaub. fy Spach. Lll. t. 61 and 62. Hedysarum Gibsoni, Grah. Cat. Bomb.
PL 49.

Plains of Scinde and the Punjab. — Disteib. Afghanistan, Orient.

A copiously-branched undershrub, 1-2 ft. high, with slender finely canescent
terete branches. Leaves shortly petioled, usually 3-foliolate ; leaflets very variable in
size, |-1 in. long, obovate-oblong or nearly round, thick, pale green, thinly canescent
beneath, the side ones not opposite ; stipules free, minute, lanceolate, scariose. Raceihes
few- or many-flowered, usually exceeding the leaves. Calyx £-£ in., thinly silky.
Corolla red, glabrous, f-^ in. Joints of pod 1-4, roundish.

29. EBENUS, Linn.

Villous herbs or undershrubs. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets entire, exsti-
pellate ; petiole often spinose. Flowers red, in dense peduncled axillary spikes.
Calyx-teeth 5, subequal, setaceous, plumose, exceeding the tube. Corolla much
shorter than the calyx ; standard broad ; keel obtuse, as long as standard ; wings
short. Stamens monadelphous, the upper free at the base ; anthers uniform.
Ovary sessile, 1-ovulate ; style filiform, incurved, stigma capitate. Pod flat,
oblong, included in the calyx-tube, membranous, indehiscent. — Distrib. Species
8, Oriental and Mediterranean.

1. E. stellata, Boiss. Diag. ii. 100 ; Fl. Orient, ii. 557. E. tragacan-

Menus.] l. leguminos^. (J. Gr. Baker.) 141

thoides, Jaub. $ Spach. III. iii. 68, t. 254. E. horrida and ferruginea, Jauh. fy
SpacJi. III. p. 159-160.

Punjab-Himalaya, alt. 4-8000 ft., Stewart. — Distrib. Persia, Afghanistan, Beloo-
chistan. • ,

A low undershrub, densely armed with woody erecto-patent spines l-l£ in. long.
Leaves shorter than the spines, digitately trifoliolate ; leaflets lanceolate, sub coriaceous,
sericeous, |-§ in. long. Flowers sessile in dense stalked heads, on peduncles at most
as long as the spines, each head surrounded by a whorl of large lanceolate bracts.
Calyx % in., densely clothed with long brown silky hairs.

30. OEISSAPSIS, W. & A.

Annuals. Leaves with two pairs of leaflets. Flowers in terminal racemes,
with large membranous persistent veined ciliated persistent bracts. Calyx deeply
2-lipped ; upper lip entire, lower obscurely toothed. Corolla 2-3 times calyx ;
standard roundish ; keel obtuse. Stamens monadelphous ; anthers uniform.
Ovary short-stalked, biovulate ; style incurved, stigma minute capitate. Joints
of pod 1-2, turgid in the middle, with a distinct flat border, reticulately-veined,
1-seeded, indehiscent. — Distrib. Sp. 3, the other Trop. African.

1. G-. cristata, W. fy A. Prodr. 218 ; flowers not more than ^ as long
as the long-bristled bracts. Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 62. Zornia disperma, Grah.
in Wall. Cat. 5663. Hedysarum bijugum, Klein MSS.

Plains of Western Peninsula, Ceylon, Ava, Martaban, Tenasserim, and
Pegu.

A densely csespitose trailing annual, with slender naked branches |-2 ft. long.
Leaves petioled, with a very short rachis ; leaflets obovate, oblique, glabrous, truncate,
^— £ in. long ; stipules lanceolate, membranous, distinctly spurred. Heads dense, ter-
minal, £-2 in. long ; bracts much imbricated, ^ in. broad, reniform, ciliated with firm
yellow bristles ^ in. long. Calyx ^ in. long Corolla twice the calyx. Joints 1-2,
£ in. long.

2. G-. tenella, Benth. in Hohen. PI. Ind. Or. No. 659 ; flowers nearly or
quite as long as the short-bristled bracts.

Western Peninsula.

Habit of the last, but much smaller. Leaflets all four nearly from the same
point, i-^- in. long, obliquely obovate, truncate, glabrous. Racemes copious, termi-
nal, peduncled, 4-12-flowered; bracts obliquely oblong, less imbricated, £-£ in. broad,
strongly veined, ciliato-denticulate. Calyx ^ in., deeply cleft. Corolla yellow, ^ in.,
Joints 1-2, with a flat edge, round, with a turgid centre.

31. ONOBRYCHIS, Gaertn.

Herbs. Leaves numerous, odd-pinnate, exstipellate. Flowers numerous, red,
in long-peduncled axillary racemes. Calyx-tube campanulate ; teeth 5, dis-
tinct. Corolla much exserted ; standard broad ; wings short ; keel obtuse.
Stamens monadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, 1-2-ovulate ; style
filiform, incurved, stigma terminal minute. Pod compressed, reniform, inde-
hiscent, 1-2-seeded, alveolate or echinate. — Distrib. Species about 50, Euro-
pean and Oriental.

1. O. Stewartii, Baker.

Punjab ; Hazara, Dr. Stewart. Eawul Pindee, Br. Aitchison.

Stems slender, 1^-2 ft., glabrescent. Ze<z/-rachis 3-4 in. long, including distinct

142 l. legtjminosjE. (J. G. Baker.) [Lespedeza.

petiole; leaflets 9-11, oblanceolate, subacute, distant, ■£— f in. long, obscurely canes-
cent ; stipules linear, minute. Racemes long-peduncled, 6-9 in. long, lax ; buds
crowded ; pedicels very short ; bracts linear, minute. Calyx campanulate, ~ in.,
silky ; teeth lanceolate. Corolla 3-4 times calyx ; standard glabrous, veined. " Pod
reniform, turgid, |-^ in., 1 -seeded ; faces woody, deeply alveolate ; edge muricated
with close minute spines. A second species, of which we have a scrap from Hazara,
gathered by Winterbottom, with oblong obtuse leaflets and a much larger calyx and
corolla agrees, as far as the material goes, with 0. heterophylla, C. A. Meyer ; Led.
Fl. Koss, i. 711, from Persia and the Caucasus.

32. LES FEDEX A, Mich.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves exstipellate, trifoliolate. Floivers copious, in
racemes, or crowded in the leaf-axils.' Calyx-tube campanulate; teeth lan-
ceolate or linear. Corolla exserted ; standard broad ; keel obtuse or acute.
Staments diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or stipitate, 1-ovulate ;
style long, filiform, incurved ; stigma minute, terminal. Pod small, oblong, com-
pressed, 1-seeded, reticulato-venose, indehiscent. — Distrib. Species 20-25, the
others Siberian, Chinese, Japanese, and N. American, one Jayan. Monographed
lately by Maximowicz.

Stjbgen. Eulespedeza. Keel obtuse, not muck incurved.

1. Zi. serieea, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lug. Bat. iii. 49 : petiole skort, leaflets
small linear-cuneate 4-6 times as long as broad grey- or wkite silky beneath,
flowers 2-4 congested in tke leaf-axils, pod small sessile. Hedysarum sericeum,
Thunb. Jap. 289. Aspalatkus cuneata, Don Prodr. 246. L. cuneata, G. Don,
Gen. Syst. ii. 307. Anthyllis cuneata, Dum. Pot. Cult. vi. 100. L. juncea,
Wall. Cat. 5743; DC. Prodr. ii. 348 in part, non Pers. L. argyrsea, Sieb. et
Zmc. Abh. vi. 2, 120.

Along the Himalayas from Hazara and Kashmir to Assam, alt. 3-8000 ft. —
Distrib. China, Japan, N. Australia.

An erect undershrub, 2-3 ft. high, with tough long slender branches. Leaves
ascending, crowded ; leaflets \-% in. long, rigidly coriaceous, truncate or emarginate,
narrowed gradually in the lower half, very variable in vestiture, usually glabrous
above, clothed with adpressed grey or white silky hairs below, rarely both sides clothed
with, loose white pubescence ; petiole \ in. Flowers 2-4, on short pedicels in the axils all
down the branch; bracteoles linear, minute. Calyx ^-^ in., canescent ; teeth linear-
subulate, very long. Corolla twice the calyx, white, tinged with purple. Pod £ in.,
thinly silky ; style twice its length,

2. Zi. juncea, Pers. Ench. ii. 318 ; petiole skort, leaflets small oblanceolate
3-4 times as long as broad tkinly grey-silky beheatk, flowers 2-6 in umbels sessile
or shortly peduncled in tke leaf-axils, corolla small, pod small sessile. DC.
Prodr. ii. 348 in part, non Wall. Hedysarum junceum, Linn. fil. Dec. L t. 4.
L. variegata and L. kanaorensis, Camb. in Jacquem. Voy. Pot. 42, t. 50, 51.

Kashmir and Ktjnawar, temperate region, alt. 4-8000 ft. — Distrib. Siberia, North
China,

Stems slender, 1-2 ft. high, finely downy, erect or decumbent. Leaves not nearly
so crowded as in the last ; leaflets ^— f in. long, rigidly subcoriaceous, obtuse, narrowed
gradually in the lower half ; petioles |-£ in. Umbels usually sessile, produced far
down the branches. Calyx ^--^ in., canescent ; teeth linear-setaceous, 3-4 times the
tube. Corolla twice the calyx. Pod and style as in L. serieea.

3. Zi. G-erardiana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5744 ; petiole skort, leaflets ob-

Lespedeza.'] l. leuuminos^. (J. G. Baker.) 143

lanceolate grey-silky below, umbels sessile or short-peduncled in the axils of
the leaves, corolla large, pod small sessile.

Along the Himalayas, temperate region, alt. 5-10,000 ft.; Simla and Kumaon
to Sikkim.

Stems 1-3 ft., densely pubescent. Leaves moderately close, ascending ; leaflets
£- f in. long, .rigidly coriaceous, glabrescent on the upper side, densely grey-silky be-
low ; petioles \-\ in. Umbels 4-8-flowered, usually sessile ; bracteoles linear, half as
long as the calyx. Calyx ^ in., densely pubescent ; teeth linear-subulate, 2-3 tirhes
the tube. Corolla §-£ in. ; keel tipped with purple. Pod considerably shorter than the
calyx.

4. Xi. elegrans, Camb. in Jacquem. Toy. Bot. 43, t. 52 ; upper leaves
suppressed, petiole produced, leaflets oblong grey-silky beneath, umbels sessile,
pod small sessile. Maxim. Synop. Gen. Lesp. 40.

•Kashmlr, temperate region, alt. 5-6000 ft., Jacquemont, Thomson.
Stems 2-3 ft., finely downy. Petiole ^-f in. ; leaflets ^-f in. long, obtuse, gla-
brescent above, densely grey-silky beneath. Flowers 6-8, in sessile umbels, rarely in
short racemes, reaching low down the branches and forming at the top a close leafless
panicle. Calyx ^— £ in., densely pubescent ; teeth linear-subulate, very long. Corolla
half as long again as the calyx. Pod g- in. long, oblong, downy.

5. Xi. elliptica, Benth. Cat. Griff. PI. No. 1745; petiole produced, leaflets
large obovate-oblong thinly grey-canescent beneath, flowers in peduncled racemes
the upper panicled, pod stipitate exserted. Maxim. Synops. Gen. Lesp. 27.

Khasia, temperate region, alt. 5-6000 ft., Griffith, Hook. fil. and Thomson.

Stems woody, reaching several feet high, finely pubescent. Leaves not crowded ;
leaflets subcoriaceous, 1-1^ in. long, obtuse, green, glabrous above, grey, finely downy
below ; petiole 1—1^ in. Racemes many-ttowered, close or lax, the peduncles some-
times as long as the leaves ; pedicels shorter than the calyx ; bracteoles linear, as long
as the tube. Calyx ^-\ in., densely canescent ; teeth lanceolate, acute, twice as long
as the tube. Corolla deep red, twice as long as the calyx. Pod oblong, £ in. long,
finely downy, distinctly stalked. — Very near the common East Asian L. bicolor, Turcz.
Led. Fl. Ross. i. 715 {L. viatorum, Champion), from which it differs mainly by its long
acute calyx-teeth.

6. Xa. tomentosa, Sieb. ; Maxim. Synops. 50 ; petiole short, leaflets large
obovate-oblong densely downy beneath, flowers in peduncled racemes, pod sessile
included. Hedysarum tomentosum, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 286. L. glomerata, Hornem. ;
DC. Prodr. ii. 350.

Western Himalaya, temperate region, alt. 6-7000 ft., Edgeworth. — ^Disteib.
China, Japan, Korea.

Stems 2-3 ft., erect, densely pubescent. Leaves distant ; leaflets 1-2 in. long, ob-
tuse, thick, subcoriaceous, at first thinly silky above, densely silky, and the veins raised
beneath ; petioles 1-^ in. ; stipules subulate, persistent. Racemes distinctly peduncled,
2-4 in. long, moderately close, rarely congested, sessile (L. glomerata, Horn.) ; pedicels
very short. Calyx \-\ in., densely pubescent ; teeth linear-subulate, 3-4 times the
tube. Corolla whitish, half as long again as the calyx ; standard not longer than the
wings and keel. Pod shorter than the calyx, oblong, pubescent. — Very near L. hirta,
Elliott, of North America.

Subgen". Oxyramphis, Wall. Keel acute and much incurved, like that
of a Orotala_ .' .... ( Campy lotropis, Bunge.)

7. Xi. macrostyla, Baker ; petiole short, leaves small thinly clothed be-

144 L. LEGUMiNOSiE. (J. G. Baker.) [Lespedeza,

neath with whitish silky hairs, calyx and large pod densely clothed with
spreading- hairs. Oxyramphis sericea, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5349. Lespedeza
sericea, Royle MSS. non Miguel. Orotalaria macrostyla, Don Prodr. 242. Oxy-
ramphis macrostyla, Wall. Cat. 5348, non Lindley. L. Royleana, Miguel Ann.
Mus. Lug. Bat., iii. 50. O. stenocarpa, Klotzsch Reise Pr. Wold. Bot. 158,
t. 1, fig. 2.

Himalayas, tropical and temperate zones, alt. 2-7000 ft. ; Simla and Gttbwhal
to Khasia.

An undershrub, 3-4 ft. high, with woody densely pubescent branches. Petiole
^-\ in. ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, rigidly subcoriaceous, £-f in. long, grey, glabres-
cent, venose above, usually persistently silky, rarely (0. macrostyla, Wall.) subgla-
brescent below, broadly rounded, sometimes deeply emarginate at the point, the petio-
lule of the end one not more than | in. Racemes short, dense, many-flowered, catkin
like when unexpanded, the silky ovate bracts hiding the buds ; pedicels \-\ in.,
densely silky. Calyx f in. ; teeth lanceolate, twice the tube. Corolla deep red, three
times the calyx. Pod short-stalked, §-£ in. long, narrowed to .both ends ; style per-
sistent, ^ in. long, densely plumose in the lower half.

8. Xi. eriocarpa, DC. Prodr. ii. 349 ; petiole produced, leaflets small
thinly grey-Canescent beneath, calyx and small pod clothed with ad pressed silky
hairs. Oxyramphis virgata, Wall. Cat. 5350. O. macrostyla, Lindl. Bot. Reg.
xxxii. t. 28, non Wall. L. paniculata, Royle MSS. Desmodium angulatum,
Wall. Cat. 5729 M.

Himalayas, temperate and tropical zones, alt. 3-9000 ft. ; Hazaea and Kashmib
to Khasia and Sikkim.

A copiously-branched erect shrub, 3-4 ft. high, with slender silky angular fur-
rowed branchlets. Petioles %-l% in. ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, £-1 in. long, rigidly
subcoriaceous, green, glabrous, reticulato-venose above, broadly rounded at the apex, the
end one on a petiolule £-& in. long ; uppermost leaves reduced or suppressed. Racemes
copious, peduncled, not dense, many-flowered, 2-4 in. long; bracts not exceeding
buds ; pedicels §-£ in. Calyx £ in ; teeth linear-subulate, twice the tube. Corolla
deep purple-red, §-£ in. Pod % in., long, minutely stalked, more coriaceous than in the
last ; style as long as the pod, slightly pubescent near the base. — L. 'paniculata, Koyle,
is a mere form, with lax racemes and longer pedicels.

9. L. Thomsoni, Benth.. MSS. ; petiole produced, leaflets large densely
argenteo-canescent beneath, calyx and small pod finely grey-silky.

Khasia, temperate region, alt. 5000 ft., Hk. fil. fy Thomson, Lobb.

Habit of the last, to which it is closely allied. Petiole 1-2 in. ; leaflets oblong,
1-2 in. long, subcoriaceous, obtuse, green, glabrescent, less venose above. Upper
leaves suppressed or much reduced, so that the racemes form a terminal panicle.
Bracts ^ in., linear, subpersi stent, canescent on the back ; pedicels £-% in. Calyx £ in. ;
teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla § in., deep red. Pod £-| in. long, shortly
stipitate, finally glabrescent, subcoriaceous ; style \ in., not at all plumose.

SPECIES UNKNOWN TO ME.

L. decoea, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 42, 2, 231. An erect shrub,
3-5 ft. high, with angular stems clothed with adpressed fulvous down. Stipules
linear-subulate \ in. ; petiole 1-1^ in. ; leaflets obovate-oblong, obtuse with a mucro,
chartaceous, 1-1^ in. long, glabrous and dark green above, glaucescent and faintly
pubescent below. Racemes short, but slender, fulvo-pubescent ; bracts ovate-lanceo-
late, cuspidate, ^ in. long, persistent, glanduloso-pilose. Calyx \ in., fulvo-pubes-
cent ; teeth ovate-acuminate. Corolla twice length of calyx, blue. Immature pod
oblique ovoid, compressed, shortly sericeous. Maetaban, Kurz.

L. pabvifloba, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 42, 2, 231. A shrub, with
angular silky branches. Stipules linear-subulate, | in. ; petiole canescent, £ in. ;

] l. LEGUMiNOSiE. (J. G. Baker.) 145

leaflets ovate-elliptic, |-1 in. long, chartaceous, dark green and glabrous above, glau-
cescent and pilose below. Racemes axillary, stiff, fulvo-pubescent, twice as long as the
leaves ; bracts caducous ; pedicels very short. Calyx densely fulvo-pubescent, £ in. ;
teeth subulate. Corolla scarcely twice as long as the calyx, probably blue. Immature
pod oblique ovoid acuminate, silky. Mabtaban, Kev. F. Mason, ex Kurz loc. cit.

I cannot separate from L. tomentosa by the description L. pinetorum, Kurz in
Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 42, 2, 231, from Martaban.

33. ALHAGI, Desv.

Low shrub. Leaves simple. Flowers axillary. Calyx campanulate ; teeth 5,
distinct, minute. Corolla exserted; standard broad; keel obtuse. Stamens
diadelphous; anthers uniform. Ovary linear, sessile, 6-8-ovulate ; style fili-
form, incurved ; stigma minute, capitate. Pod linear, subcontinuous or moni-
liform ; joints oblong, small, turgid, smooth.— Distrib. Species 1, spread from
Sctigaria to Greece and Nubia.

1. A. maurorum, Desv. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 352; Wall. Cat. 5760;
W. # A. Prodr. 232 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 67 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 558.
A. napaulensium, DC. loc. cit. A. mannifera, Desv. ; Jaub. fy Spach. III. t. 401.
Hedysarum Alhagi, Linn. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 344. Manna hebraica and nepa-
lensis, Don Prodr. 247.

Plains of the North "West Provinces, Upper Ganges and Concan, ascending to
3000 ft. on the Kishengunga.

A low shrub, armed with copious subpatent hard pungent spines |-1 in. long.
Leaves simple, drooping from the base of the spines or branches, oblong, obtuse,
rigidly coriaceous, glabrous. Flowers 1-6 from a spine, on short pedicels. Calyx
glabrous, ^-^ in. Corolla reddish, 3 times the calyx. Pod 1 in. long or less, falcate
or straight.

34. HEDYSARUM, Linn.

Herbs. Leaves numerous, odd-pinnate, exstipellate. Flowers usually red,
in copious long-peduncled axillary racemes. Calyx-tube campanulate or
tubular; teeth 5, distinct, long or short. x Corolla much exserted; petals
unequal in relative proportion in the different species ; keel obtuse. Stamens
diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary linear, stalked, few-ovuled ; style very
long, filiform, abruptly inflexed, stigma minute terminal. Pod of 1-3 flattened
indehiscent joints, in our species not muricated, but reticulately veined on the
faces, the sutures usually furnished with acute entire or toothed borders. —
Distrib. Species about 50, spread through the North Temperate zone.

* Calyx-teeth equalling or exceeding the tube.

1. K. kumaonense, Benth.MSS.; stemless, leaflets small subeoriaceous
obovate-oblong, bracts lanceolate, joints small firm turgid, sutures not bordered.

Kumaon, temperate region, alt. 9000 ft., Strachey and Winterbottom.

Leaves and peduncles in a dense rosette from a thick woody rhizome. .Leo/'-rachises
4-6 in. long, including distinct petiole; leaflets 17-25, |-§ in. long, obtuse, with a
mucro, dark green, glabrous above, pale grey with adpressed silky hairs below ; veins
distinct. Inflorescence seen only in a late stage ; pedicels very short. Calyx J-J in. ;
teeth setaceous, from a lanceolate base, exceeding tube. Corolla |-f in. Joints of
pod solitary in the specimens seen, rather downy, oblong, under \ in. long.

2. X£. sikkimense, Benth. MSS. ; stem dwarf, leaflets small linear-
oblong subeoriaceous, standard and wings shorter than the keel, joints large
membranous with toothed borders.

VOL. II. L

146 l. leguminos^. (J. Gr. Baker.) [Hedysarmn.

Sikxim, alpine region, alt. 12-16,000 ft., Hook.fil.

Stems slender, at first slightly downy, £ ft. or less high. Leqf-Thchis 2-3 in. long j
leaflets 21-27, i-4- in. long, obtuse, glabrous above, obscurely pubescent with raised
veins below. Heads dense, 1-2 in. long in flower; bracts linear, minute. Calyx
pubescent, £~ in. ; teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla bright red, ^- 1 in.
Joints of pod 1-3, roundish or oblong, \-% in. long ; sutures irregularly faintly" eroso-
dentate.

3. H. Falconeri, Baker ; caulescent, robust, leaflets large subcoriaceous
ovate-oblong, keel and standard equal, joints large membranous with toothed
borders.

West Tibet, temperate region, Dr. Falconer.

Stems 1|— 2 ft.«high, slender, firm, sulcate, glabrous. Z&z/'-rachises 6-9 in. long ;
leaflets 13-19, distant, %-\\ in. long, obtuse, glabrous, full green above, grey-green,
obscurely canescent with prominent veins below. Flower-racemes 3-4 in. long,
moderately close ; bracts setaceous, very small ; pedicel as long as the calyx. Calyx
^ in. long; teeth setaceous, as long as the tube. Corolla §-| in. Joints oblong,
glabrous, ^ in. long, thin, with broad irregularly eroso-dentate borders.

4. XX. astragaloides, Benth. MSS. ; caulescent, robust, leaflets large
membranous linear-oblong, corolla yellowish, keel exceeding the standard, joints
large membranous with crisped borders.

Kishtwab, alpine zone, alt. 11-12,000 ft., Thomson. Lahul, JaeschJce.

Stems robust, erect, 2 ft. high, densely canescent at first. Leaf- rachises 4-8 in.
long ; leaflets 21-29, not at all coriaceous, obtuse, with a minute mucro, f-1 in. long,
glabrescent above, persistently grey-canescent below. Flower-Tncem.es very dense,
2-3 in. long, the linear scariose bracts protruding beyond the buds ; pedicels shorter
than calyx. Calyx £ in., finely silky ; teeth exceeding the tube. Pod distinctly
stalked ; joints 1-2, oblong, with a distinct rather crisped wing on the lower side and
an obscure one on the upper.

5. XI. cachemirianum, Benth. MSS. ; caulescent, robust, leaflets
large membranous linear-oblong, corolla red, standard exceeding wings and
keel, joints large membranous with entire borders.

Kashmir, temperate region, alt. 9-10,000 ft., Thomson, Falconer, Winterbottom.

Stem 1^-2 ft. high, erect, glabrous, many-grooved. Z.ea/"-rachises ^—1 ft. long ;
leaflets 21-27, thin, obtuse, \-\\ in. long; both sides green, glabrescent, concolorous.
Racemes very dense, 2-3 in. long in flower, the linear setaceous bracts protruding
beyond the buds ; pedicels very short. Calyx downy, f in. ; teeth as long as the
tube. Corolla f-1 in. long. Joints 1-3, glabrous, oblong, \r\ in. long ; both sutures
with a distinct entire wing.

**- Calyx-teeth shorter than the tube.

6. XX. laxiflorum, Benth. MSS. ; stems slender, leaflets subcoriaceous,
"bracts minute setaceous, keel exceeding wings and standard, joints small entire
not bordered.

West Himalaya, temperate or alpine region. West Tibet, Falconer. Valley of
Kishengunga, Winterbottom.

Stems 1^-2 ft. high, firm, slender, glabrous. LeaJ -rachis 3-5 in. long; leaflets
21-31, close, firm, linear-oblong, |— § in. long, green, glabrous above, grey, obscurely
canescent with raised veins below. Racemes lax, 2-3 in. long in flower ; pedicels as
long as the calyx, finely downy. Calyx £ in. ; upper teeth deltoid, lower lanceolate.
Corolla f-f in. Joints 3-4, oblong, firm, glabrous, rather turgid, not more than ?V in.
long.

7. IS. strobilifefcum, Baker ; stems robust, leaflets, membranous, bracts
large ovate-acuminate, corolla under twice the calyx, its petals equal.

Hedysarum.'] l. legumtnosjE. (J. G. Baker.) 147

Kashmir, temperate region, Falconer.

Stems above a foot high, densely clothed with short adpressed whitish hairs. Leaf-
rachises 6-8 in. long; leaflets 19-25, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, l-l£ in. long, flexible,
glabrescent above, thinly white-silky beneath. Bacemes dense, 2-3 in. long ; the
buds quite hidden by the imbricated scariose ciliated bracts ; pedicels very short.
Calyx tubular, \-\ in. long ; teeth deltoid-cuspidate, not more than \-^ tube. Corolla
yellowish, under £ in. long. Pod unknown.

8. H. microcalyx, Baker; stems robust, leaflets large membranous,
bracts linear minute, corolla several times calyx, keel exceeding- standard, joints
large membranous entire.

West Himalayas, temperate region ; Guewhal, Falconer ; Kashmir, Lance ;
Lahux, Jaeschke.

Stems 1^—2 ft. high, stout, sulcate, glabrous. . Lm/-rachises 6-9 in. long; leaflets
1W3, distant, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, 1-1|- in. long; both sides
green, glabrous. Flower-va,cemes 2-4 in. long, lax ; pedicels ^-\ in. long, grey-
pubescent. Calyx ^ in., campanulate, membranous, glabrous ; teeth minute, deltoid-
cuspidate. Corolla bright red, -f-f in. Joints 2-3, oblong, |~| in. long, thin,
glabrous, the sutures both distinctly margined.

35. STRACHEYA, Bentli.

A tufted low shrub. Leaves odd-pinnate. Flowers axillary. Calyx-tube
turbinate ; teeth 5, lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla much exserted j
standard broad ; keel as long as the other petals, incurved and obtuse at the tip.
Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary linear, sessile, few-ovuled ; style
long, filiform, abruptly incurved, stigma minute capitate. Pod flat, not visibly
jointed, mmicated along the edge and face and marked with conspicuous trans-
verse veins. — Disteie. A single endemic species.

1. S. tibetica, Benth. in Hook. Kew Journ. v. 303 ; Walp. Ann. iv. 545.

Tibetan Himalayas, alpine region, from Pangong eastward to East Nipal,
alt. 14-1 7,000 ft., Thomson, Strachey 4" Winterbottom, $c.

Stems densely tufted, from a slender woody rootstock, the leaves and peduncles
in a rosette at the surface. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets 11-15, oblong, obtuse,
faintly hairy; leaf-rachis 2-4 in. long, including a distinct petiole, articulated at the
nodes. Flowers 1-5, shortly pedicellate, on very short peduncles ; bracts lanceolate,
silky. Calyx \ in., densely pubescent. Corolla $-| in., reddish, glabrous. Pod
glabrous, membranous. 1 in. long.

i
■y, Z.ORMXA, Gmel.

Annuals, with large geminate coriaceous bracts and dotted leaflets in 1-2
opposite pairs. Flowers in lax racemes. Calyx minute; upper teeth short,
connate ; lowest shorter than the two middle ones. Corolla much exserted ;
standard broad ; keel incurved, acute. Stamens monadelphous ; anthers dimor-
phous. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled ; style filiform, incurved, stigma minute

i . ale. Pod of several small round flattened finely muricated 1-seeded inde-
Liscent joints. — Disteib. Species 10, all but two American.

K. cHpkylla, Pers. ; Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. xv. 80, t. 21-:?.
Hedysarum diphyliuii*, Linn. ; Bo.vb. Fl. Ind. iii. 353. Z. angustifolia, Smith :
DC. Prodr. ii. 316; Wall. Cat. 5660; W. $ A. Prodr. 217; Dak. $ Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 62. Z. dictyocarpa, DC. Prodr. ii. 317. Z. gibbosa and graminea,
Spanoghe in Linncea, xv. 192. — Rheede Hort. Mai. ix. t. 82-3.

L2

148 L. legumlnos^. (J. G. Baker.) [Zomia.

Plains from the Himalayas to Ceylon and Birma, ascending to 4000 ft. in
Kumaon. — Distbib. Everywhere in the Tropics.

Stems wiry, densely csespitose. Leaves petioled ; leaflets lanceolate, acute, glabrous,
rigidly coriaceous, ^-1 in. long, dotted with black glands ; stipules lanceolate, with a
long spur. Racemes 1-3 in. long, 3-12-flowered ; bracts ovate, acute, nearly or quite
hiding the flower and pod. Joints 2-6, under ~ in., densely prickly.

Var. 1. zeylonensis ; leaflets ovate, pod much longer than the bracts, joints
twice as large densely bristly. Z. zeylonensis, Pers. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 317 ; Wall. Cat.
5661; W. $ A. Prodr. 217 ; Balz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 62. Z. conjugata, Smith in
Bees, Cyclop. ; Thwaites Enum. 85. Hedysarum conjugatum, Willd. Sp. PL iii. 1178.
Plains of the Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

Vab. 2. Walkeri {Am. Pugill. 12, sp.); leaflets oblong £-1 in. long, bracts
downy at the edge, pod scarcely exserted from the' bracts, joints small reticulato-
venose with only a few small bristles ijiear the edge. Walp. Bep. i. 726 ; Tliwaites
Enum. 85. — Ceylon, Walker, Thwaites.']

*

37* STYLOSANTKES, §wA

Undershrubs. Leaves rigid, pinnatelv 3-foliolate Flowers inconspicuous,
in small dense heads. Calyx with an elongated filiform tube, and 5 teeth,
of which the upper 4 are subconnate. Flowers polygamous, the fertile
ones often apetalous. Petals inserted ftt the throat of the calyx-tube ; standard
orbicular; keel subrostrate. /Semens monadelphous; anthers dimorphous. Ovary
subsessile at the base of the calyx-tube ; style long, filiform, the lower part per-
sistent, stigma minute capitate. Pod with 1-2 flattened rugose joints. —
Distrib. Species about 15. Cosmopolitan, tropical.

I. S. mucronata, Willd.-, DC. Prodr. ii. 318; Wall. Cat. 5664;
W. # A.,P)'odr. 218 ; Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 294. Arachis fruticosa, Retz. ;
Roxb. Hort. Ben//. 54 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 282. Hedysarimi hamatum, Burm. Fl.
lad. 167 ; Fl. Zeyl. t. 106, fig. 2.

Shores of "Western Peninsula and Ceylon. — Distrib. Cape, Trop. Africa, Malay
isles.

A low diffuse undershrub, with terete pubescent branches. Stipules scariose,
adnate downwards to the petiole ; leaflets \-^ in. long, pale green, rigidly coriaceous,
oblong or lanceolate ; under-side a little pubescent at first. Flowers 1 or few, in
sessile terminal heads ; bracts persistent, striated, pubescent. Corolla £ in., exserted.
Pod 1-2-jointed, tipped with the falcate indurated lower part of the style. *

38. SMITH! A, Ait.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaflets many, small, sensitive, leaf-rachis ending
in a bristle; stipules scariose, with Jarge auricles. Floivers racemose or axil-
lary. Calyx deeply 2-lipped, the .lips ^usually entire. Corolla exserted ; stan-
dard orbicular ; keel incurved, obtuse.' Stamens in two bundles of 5 each ; anthers
uniform. Ovary linear, many-ovuled ; style incurved, filiform, stigma minute
capitate. Pod of few or many minute flattened or turgid joints, folded together
inside the calyx. — Distrib. Species 20-30, spread through the tropics of the old
world.

* Calyx rigid, its veins close, parallel, simple.

1. S. sensitiva, Ait.; DC. Prodr. ii. 323; stems not bristly, leaflets
small 4-20, flowers in short simple racemes, calyx-lips equal, corolla yellow.
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 342 ; Salisb. Par. t. 92 ; Wall. Cat. 5668, ex

Smitlria.'] l. legumlnos^. (J. G. Baker.) 149

parte ; W.8f A. Prodr. 220, ex parte ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 63. S. abyssinica,
Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss. 1838.

Himalayas to Travancore and Rangoon, ascending to 3000 ft. in Khasia. —
Distkib. Madagascar, Abyssinia, Java, China.

Annual, A~3 ft. high. Stems very slender, much branched. im/-rachis bristly,
i-1 in. long ; leaflets \- i in. long, with subparallel edges, bristly mainly on the mi-
drib below. Flowers 1-6, in close short-peduncled racemes from the axils of the tipper
leaves ; pedicels short, ascending. Calyx £-^ in. long ; lips acute, entire, with a few
short deciduous scattered bristles. Joints 4-6, densely papillose on the faces.

2. S. geminiflora, Roth; DC. Prodr. ii. 323; stems not bristly,
leaflets small 4-12, flowers in pairs in the axils of the leaves, calyx-lips equal,
corolla yellow. S. sensitiva, Wall, et W. fy A. loc. cit. ex parte.

Himalayas (ascending to 1-3000 ft.) to Ceylon and Tavoy. — Distrib. Java, N,
Australia.

General habit of the last. Leaflets obtuse, with parallel sides, |-§ in. long, the
bristles of the edge and midrib more copious and longer. Calyx \ in., with a few
deciduous bristles ; both lips entire, acute. Corolla about twice the calyx. Joints
4-6, very turgid and papillose.

Vae. 1. conferta; upper nodes congested into dense heads, leaves and calyx more
bristly. S. conferta, 8711. ; DC. loc. cit. S. capitata, Desv. Joum. Bot. i. 121, non
Dais. S. hispidissima, Zolling. Geneesk. Arch. iii. 56.

3. S. purpurea, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4283 ; stems not bristly, leaflets
small 12-24, flowers in sublax peduncled axillary racemes, lower calyx-lip
shorter, corolla purple. S. laxiflora, Benth. PL Jungh. 211.

Plains of Concan.

Annual. Stems very slender, ^-2 ft. high. Leaf-v&chis 1-2 in. long ; leaflets
linear, |-f in. long, tipped with a long awn and furnished with a .few bristles on the
rachis and oblique midrib. Flowers 6-12, in copious short-peduncled secttnd racemes
from the axils of the upper leaves ; pedicels cernuous ; bracteoles acute or obtuse,
^-| calyx. Calyx £-§ in. long ; upper lip obtuse, recurved, lower subacute, both with-
out bristles. Corolla little exserted. Joints of pod 10-12, reticula to-venose, not-
papillose.

4. S. setulosa, Dalz. inKeioJourn. iii. 208; stems densely bristly, leaflets
large 10-12, flowers in copiously panicled secund racemes, lower calyx-lip shorter,
coroila yellow. Dalz. Sf Gibs. Bomb. Flm-a, 63 ; Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 243.

Plains of Concan, Stocks, Dalzell.

A robust annual, 2-4 ft. high, the stems densely clothed throughout with deflexed
bristles. Leaflets linear, |-1| in. long, with a few bristles in the edge and subcentric
midrib. Bacemes 1-2 in. long, dichotomously forked, forming a long thyrsoid panicle,
only the lowest subtended by a leaf ; pedicels ascending. Calyx § in. long, densely
clothed with minute bristles ; upper lip broad, obtuse, recurved ; lower much smaller,
lanceolate, acute. Corolla twice the calyx. Joints 10-12, reticulato- venose, not pa-
pillose.

** Calyx membranous, its veins not so close and distinctly anastomosing.

5. S*< "big einina,, Dalz. in Keiv Joum. iii. 208; stems minutely bristly,
leaflets 4, flowers in short axillary racemes, bracteoles minute, joints 6-8
echinulate. Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Flora, 64.

Plains of Concan, Stocks, Dalzell ; Dekkan, near Poonah, Jacquemont.
Annual, very diffuse, with very slender stems, 1 ft. or less high. Leaf-rachis | in.
long; leaflets membranous, oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, §-i in. long, minutely bristly

150 l. leguhinosje. (J. G. Baker.) [Stoithia.

on the back and edge. Flowers 4-6, in copious short-pedimeled racemes ; bracteoles
linear, ^ the calyx. Calyx \ in., turbinate, densely bristle-ciliated; lips equal, upper
truncate. Corolla yellow, twice the calyx.

6. S. gracilis, BentJi. hi Hohen. PI. Ind. Or. Exsie. No. 1182; stems
naked or minutely bristly, leaflets 4-6, flowers in short axillary racemes, brac-
teoles minute, joints 6-8 reticulato-venose. Benth. PL Jungh. 212.

Nilghiris, Schmidt, Wight.

A diffuse, very slender, perennial, -with the general habit and inflorescence of
8. bigemina. Leaflets obovate-oblong, £-§ in., minutely bristly. Calyx £ in., densely
ciliated with minute bristles ; lips equal, narrower than in the last, the lower acute ;
bracteoles linear. Corolla bright yellow, twice the calyx. Joints distinctly veined,
not at all echinulate as in 8. bigemina.

7. S. ciliata, Boyle III. 201 1. 35, fig. 2; stems not bristly, leaflets 6-16,
flowers in dense axillary racemes, bracteoles large, joints 6-8 obscurely papillose.
S. pumila, Royle MSS. ; W. & A. Prodr. 220.

Simla and Kumaon to Khasia and Sikkim, alt. 3-6000 ft. Parasnath in Behar.

Annual. Stems slender, |— 2 ft. high. Leaf-rachis A-l in. ; leaflets linear, £-§ in.
long, obtuse, distinctly bristly on the edge and midrib below. Flowers up to a dozen
in dense copious short-peduncled secund racemes ; bracteoles leafy, oblong, ciliated,
nearly as long as calyx. Calyx \ in., densely bristly-ciliated; upper lip truncate,
finally \ in. broad ; lower lanceolate. Corolla yellow, little exserted.

8. S. capitata, Dalz. in Kew Journ. iii. 208 ; stems not bristly, leaflets
110-30, flowers in globose terminal heads, bracteoles large, joints 6-6 smooth.
I)ah. Sf Gibs. Bomb. Flora, 63, non Desv. ; Bedd. Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 244.

Western Peninsula.

An annual, 1-2 ft. high, with firm shrubby terete branches. Ze«/-rachis
densely bristly, H-2 in. long ; leaflets linear, ^— § in. long, bristly on the back and
edge. Flowers in a dense globose head 1 in. thick, at the end of each branch ; pedicels
very short; bracteoles oblor-g, membranous, bristle-tipped, nearly as long as the calyx.
Calyx •§ in. long; both lips broad, truncated, ciliated with long bristles. Corolla
purplish, much exserted. Joints neither venose, nor papillose.

9. S. pycnazitha, Benth. MSS. ; stems minutely bristly, leaflets G-8,
flowers in globose terminal heads, bracteoles minute, joints 6-6 venose.

Concan, Stocks, Law.

An erect annual, &-2 ft. high, the stem clothed densely with small bristles dilated
at the base. Leaves distinctly petioled ; leaf-rachis \ in. or less long, densely bristly;
leaflets linear, f--| in. long, wdth a few minute yellow bristles in the back and edge.
Heads 1 in. or more broad, formed of densely congested racemes ; pedicels shorter than
the calyx; bracteoles half the calyx, obtuse. Calyx \ in., with copious sessile black
glands and small yellow bristles on back and edge ; lips equal, truncate. Corolla
yellow, half as long again as calyx.

10. S. diohotoma, Dalzell MSS. ; stems not bristly, leaflets 4-6, racemes
forming a lax corymbose panicle, bracteoles minute, joints 10-12 papillose. S.
Wanda, Hohen. Plant. Ind. Or. JExsic. No. 146, non Wall.

Western Peninsula.

Stems annual, very slender, little branched, 1-1 i ft. high. Leaf-T&chis § in. or less
long ; leaflets membranous, oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, it-f in. long, not aristate, both
sides without bristles. Lower racemes of the panicles 5-6 -flowered, secund ; pedicels
ascending, i-^ in. ; bracteoles linear, ^-\ calyx. Calyx membranous, § in. ; lower
acute lip slightly longer than the broad truncate upper one. Corolla yellow, half as
long again as the calyx.

Smitliia.'] l. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) 151

U.S. grandis, Benth. MSS. ; stems robust not bristly, leaflets 20-24,
racemes forming a lax corymbose panicle, bracteoles \ calyx, joints 2p-25
venose; I

Base of the Himalayas in Sikkim, Herb. Griffith, Hook. fit..

Stems stout, erect, 3-4 ft. high. LeaJ -rachis 2^-3 in. long ; leaflets linear, obtuse,
without bristles, ^— | in. long ; lower stipules 1 in. long. Bacemes subsecund, 6-12-
flowered, forming"a corymbose panicle ^ ft. broad; pedicels erect, §-£ in. long, with a
few deciduous bristles ; bracteoles 3 in., obtuse. Calyx f in. long; lips equal, trun-
cate, obtuse, with only a few small bristles at first. Joints largest of all, £ in.
broad. '^^j^^yi •

12. S. blanda, Wall. Cat. 5669; stems densely bristly, leaflets 6-10,
racemes copiously panicled, bracteoles half as long as the calvx, joints 5-6 reti-
culated. W. 8f A. Prodr 221 ; Wight. Ic. t. 986 ; Dalz. 8c Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 64.

East Himalayas, tropical zone up to 4000 feet, East Bengal, Nilghiris.

Perennial, suflruticose. Stems l|-2 ft. high, the bristles very dense, spreading,
fine, fragile. Zea/-rachis under 1 in. long ; leaflets firm, obtuse, bristle-tipped, i-f in.
long, with copious fine deciduous bristles on the rachis, edge and midrib. Bacemes
forming a dense terminal panicle, with corymbose branches ; pedicels ~-% in., densely
bristly. Calyx ^-J in., densely clothed with fine bristles on back and edge ; lips
equal ; upper broad, truncate. Corolla bright yellow, twice the calyx. Joints j$ in.
broad.

Var. 1. jpaniculata ; stems more slender, flowers fewer smaller crowded at the
end of the peduncles. S. paniculata, Am. Pvg. 12.— Hilly tracts of Ceylon, alt.
2-7000 ft.

Vae. 2. racemosa ; annual, more slender and fugacious, leaflets more membran-
ous, calyx |— £ in. long, corymbs formed of a few close subsecund racemes 1-li in.
long. S. racemosa, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 5670 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 221 ; Dalz. § Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 63. S. hirsuta, Dalz. in Kew Joum. iii. 135 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 63.—
Plains of Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

39. roSCHimOaEESrS, Linn.

Erect herbs or undershrubs. Learcs with very numerous close sensitive odd-
pinnate small linear leaflets. Floirers in sparse racemes. Calyx deeply 2-lipped,
the lips faintly toothed. Corolla fugacious ; standard orbicular ; keel not beaked.
Stamens in two bundles of 5 each ; anthers uniform. Ovary stalked, linear,
many-ovuled ; style filiform, incurved, stigma terminal. Pod linear, with a stalk
longer than the calyx and 4-8 flattened 1-seeded separating joints. — Disteib.
Species about 30, spread everywhere in the tropics.

1. 2£2. indica, Linn,-, DC. Prodr. ii. 320; stems slender much branched,
peduncles viscid, calvx and small corolla glabrous. W. $ A. Prodr. 219 ; Wt.
Ic. t. 405 ; Bah. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 62. M. aspera, Wall. Cat. 5666, non Linn.
AL. kashmiriana, Camb. in Jacquem. Voy. Bat. 40, t. 48. Hedysarum Neli-Tali,
Boxb. Hort Bern;. 57 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 365. M. pumila, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 321.
M. diffusa, Wilhl. ; DC. Prodr. loc. cit. ; Wall. Cat. 5665. M. viscidula, Willd.
Enum. 776. M. Roxburghii, Spring. Syst. iii. 322. Smithia aspera, Roxb.,
Sort. Bent/, oti ; Fl. Ind, iii. 343— Rheede Hort. Mai. ix. t. 18. ,

Himalayas to Ceylon and Siam, ascending to 5000 ft. in Kashmir and 4000 ft, in
Kumao>\— Distrib. Japan and everywhere in tropics of old world.

A suflruticose annual, 1-3 ft. high, glabrous, pale green, with slender terete
branches. Leaf-rachis 2-3 in. long; leaflets close, 41-61, linear, obtuse, 1-nerved;
stipules lanceolate, membranous, deciduous, with a large auricle. Flowers 1-4, in co-
pious axillary racemes ; peduncle and pedicels usually viscid ; bracts small, lanceolate,

152 L. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) \_2Escliynomene.

rigid, gland-ciliated. Calyx under \ in. long. Corolla fugacious, twice the calyx. Pod
l-l£ in. long, straight or rather curved ; upper suture straight, lower more or less dis-
tinctly indented ; joints 6-10, ^-£ in. "broad, smooth or finally papillose on the face.

2. 2E. aspera, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 320; stems robust simple or little-
branched, peduncles calyx and large corolla hispid. W. § A. Prodr. 219 ; Wt.
Ic. t. 299. JE. indica, Wall. Cat. 5667, non Linn. Hedysaruni lagena-
rium, Roxb. Ilort. Beny. 57 ; JFl. Ind. iii. 305. iE. indica, 8 aspera, Hassk. PL
Jav. liar. 340. JE. trackyloba, Miq. Flor. Ind, Bat. i. 270.

Tropical Zone ; Bengal and Silhet to Malacca and Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay
isles, Tropical Africa.. ,

A tall erect swamp species, with stout glabrous main stems, full of white pith. Sti-
pules linear or lanceolate, auricled, deciduous ; leaf-rachis 3-6 in. long ; leaflets
61-101, linear, obtuse, 1-nerved. Eacnnes corymbose, 2-4-flowered ; pedicels and
peduncles clothed with spreading bristles. Calyx ^ in., with a pair of round bracteoles.
Corolla twice the calyx. Pod 2-2 j in. by ^ in. ; joints 3-6, smooth or echinate on the
faces over the seeds.

M. sukattensis, W. cf A.JPrqdr. 219, is altogether doubtful, the description being
probably taken in part from scsbania acideata.

40. ORStZOCARFUXK, Beauv.

Shrubs. Leaves with odd-pinnate exstipellate leaflets and persistent striated
stipules and bracts. Floicers in lax racemes. Calyx-twbQ campanulate ; 2 upper
teeth deltoid ; 3 lower lanceolate. Standard broad ; keel much incurved, not at
all beaked. Stamens in two bundles of 5 each; anthers 'uniform. Ovary linear,
few-ovuled ; style filiform, inflexed, stigma minute terminal. Pod of a few inde-
hiscent turgid linear or oblong joints, the lower, seedless, the faces rugose, naked
or muricated with weak gland-tipped prickles. — Disteib. Species 6, spread all
round the world in the tropics.

1. O. sennoides, DC. Prodr. ii. 315; Wall. Cat. 5658 ; W. cy A. Prodr.
216 ; Wt. Ic. t. 297. O. coronilloides, G. Don Gen. Syst. ii. 279. Hedysarum
sennoides, Willd. ; Roxb. Ilort. Beny. 57 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 364.

Plains of the "Western Peninsula and Ceylon. — Distrijj. Siam, Philippines, Poly-
nesia, TrOp. Africa.

A low shrub, with terete slender branches, the branchlets and leaf-rachis viscid.
Leaflets 9-17, alternate, oblong, obtuse, membranous, deciduous. Flowers 2-6, in
copious short-peduncled axillary corymbose racemes ; bracts spreading, minute, deltoid ;
pedicels viscid, as long as calyx. Calyx \ in. Corolla yellow, much exserted. Pod with
2-4 joints, linear or oblong, ~-l in. long, horizontally plicate, smooth or muricated.

41. X.EPTODESIKIA, Benth.

Diffuse perennial herbs. Leaves simple or pinnately 3-foliolate, stipellate.
Bracts large, imbricated. Floicers small, crowded in dense terminal racemose
beads. Calyx with a very short tube, and 5 subequal setaceous teeth. Corolla
minute, included ; standard broad ; keel obtuse., Stamens diadelphous ; anthers
uniform. Ovary sessile, 1-ovuled ; style long, filiform, incurved, stigma capitate.
Pod small, oblong, membranous, flattened, 1-seeded, opening widely along the
ventral suture. — Disteib. Two species, the other a plant of Madagascar.

1. Ei. cong esta, Benth. MSS. Nicolsonia congesta, Wiylit Ic. t. 1056.
Desmodiimi congestum, Benth. PI. Jungh. 222, non W. & A.

Eleiotis.] L. leguminoStE. (J. G. Baker.) 153

Tropical Zone ; Nilghiris, Gardner, Schmidt, Wight.

A perennial, with slender firm trailing csespitose stems 1-2 ft. long. Leaves short-
petioled, membranous, 1 or 3-foliolate, the end leaflet the largest, orbicular or oblong,
obtuse, J-| in. long, a little hairy below. Flowers in copious oblong terminal capitate
racemes under 1 in. long; bracts ovate, scariose, finely pubescent ; pedicels short.
Calyx \ in ; teeth densely plumose. Pod as long as calyx..'

42. ELEIOTIS, DC.

Au annual herb. Leaves usually 1-foliolate. Flowers in axillary racemes.
Calyx with a very short tube and 5 subequal setaceous teeth. Corolla mi-
nute ; standard broad ; keel obtuse, adhering to the wiiags. Stamens diadelphous ;
anthers uniform. Ovary siibsessile, 1-ovuled ; style short, uncinate or nearly
straight, thickened at the base, stigma capitate. Pod of a single dimi-
diate membranous veined joint, with a flattened traign^; dorsal and rounded
ventral suture. — A single endemic species.

1. E. sororia, DC. Prodr. ii. 348; Wall. W 5741; W. <y A. Prodr.
231. E. monophylla, DC. loc. cit. Hedysafimi sora^Dcann, Linn. ; Roxb. Fl. Lnd.
iii. 352. Hallia sororia, Willd. Sp. iii. 1170. Glycine monophylla, JBurm. Fl.
Ind. 161, t. 50, fig. 2. '.- ,

Plains of Bundelkund, Western Peninsula and Ceylon. .r.

An annual, with slender trailing densely csespitose glabrous stems, 1-2 ft. long.
Leaves subglabrous, membranous, consisting usually of a single short stalked stipellate
terminal leaflet, rounded or broader than long, emarginate, \- 1 in. long, but occa-
sionally with a pair of minute lateral leaflets. Flowers in copious simple lax axillary
racemes ; pedicels spreading, downy, exceeding the calyx ; bracts minute, ovate,
scariose, deciduous. Pod \ in. long.

43. PYCNOSPOHA, R. Br.

A low shrub. Loaves pinnately 3-foliolate. Floicers minute, racemed,
Calyx deeply cleft, the upper teeth subconnate. Corolla much exserted ;
standard roundish ; keel obtuse, cohering to the wings. Stamens diadelphous ;
anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled ; style indexed, filiform ; stigma mi-
nute capitate. Pod oblong, turgid, 2-valved, 8-10-seeded, continuous within, not
jointed, but marked with transverse veins. — A single species, combining the,
habit of Desmodium, with a pod like Crotalaria.

J . 2?. hedysax'oides, P. Br. in Herb. Banks. P. nervosa, W. # A.
Pi oo v. 107; Dak. § Cribs. Bomb. Fl. 7 o. Crotalaria? nervosa, Grah. in Wall.
Cat. -^428. Indigofera uesmodioides, Benth. in Hohen. PI. Lnd. Or. No. 303.

Tropical zone ; Khasia (3-5000 ft.), Silhet, Tenasserm, Western Peninsula,
Ceylon. — Distrib. China, Philippines, X. Australia.

A perennial herb, with slender densely csespitose trailing stems £-2 ft. long.
Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate ; leaflets obovate, obtuse, \-l% in. long, stipellate, sub-
coriaceous, glabrous above, finely downy and reticulato- venose below. Flowers in lax
terminal racemes ; bracts deciduous, scariose, ovate-cuspidate ; pedicels downy, 2-3
times the calyx. Calyx -~ in. long or less. Pod §-J in. long, finally black.

44. FSEUDARTHRXA, W. & A.

"Habit of Desmodium, from which it only differs in pod. Calyx-teeth, as long
as the tube, 2 upper subconnate. Corolla 2-3 times the calyx ; standard broad j
keel obtuse. Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile, many-
ovuled ; style filiform, stigma capitate. Pod linear-oblong, compressed, mem-

154 l. LEGUMJNOSJS. (J. G. Baker.) [Pseudarthria.

branous, indehiscent, continuous within, the sutures not at all indented. — Dis-
trib. Species 5, the others African.

1. P. viscida, W. # A. Prodr. 209 ; Wight Ic. t. 286. Iledysaruni visci-
duni, Linn. ; lloxb. Hort. Benq. 57 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 356. Desmodium viscidum,
DC. Prodr. ii. 336 ; W*& Cat. 5698. Rhynchosia viscida, DC. Prodr. ii. 3$7.
Glycine viscida, Willd..MkhTQva Acta, iv. 208. Desmodium Leschenaultii, DC.
Prodr. ii. 336 ? |^-

Tropical zone, ^YjPT -'«^Ka and Ceylon, up to 3000 ft. — Distbib.

Timor.

Perennial, 2-3 ft. ^SLij^^Hfcr stems, clothed with fine grey pubescence.
Leaves petioled, pi . tlets stipellate, membranous or subcoriaceous,

green, obscurely i roj| densely pubescent, rarely subglabrescent below ;

cud leaflet roiuid-rhomhoidal, obtuse or acute, 2-4 in. long. Racemes axillary and
terminal, somefjfiae- 1 -•■incli^^Hlowers distant, fascicled ; pedicels spreading, 3-4
times the minuti : in. long, 4^6-seeded, finely downy.

r

Herbs. Lrav> 1-3-foliolate. Floicers in terminal

simple or pauicled raceme's. Calyx liienibranous, accrescent, the lanceolate teeth
as long as the campanulate tube. Corolla equalling or exceeding the calyx;
standard broad ; keel obtuse. Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary
few-ovuled ; st}de filiform, inflexed, stigma capitate. Pod of about 4 small dis-
tinct 1-seeded smooth veined joints, included in the calyx. — All the species are
East Indian.

1. Ii. paniculata, Wall. Cat. 5673 ; leaves 1-foliolate, nearly twice as
broad as long, racemes copiously pauicled. Benth. PI. Jungh. 215.

Ava ; Taong-dong mountains, Wallich.

Stems erect, slender, finely downy. Leaves 2^—3 in. broad, rigidly coriaceous, gla-
brous ; lobes spreading, rounded at the point, 4-o-nerved, base subcordate, apex rounded
or slightly emarginate ; petiole nearly as long as the blade. Racemes 1-3, forming
copious terminal and lateral panicles; pedicels pubescent, cernuous, sometimes
geminate, shorter than the calyx. Calyx slightly downy, finally \~ in. Joints
downy.

i'. £>. Vedpeitilionls, Desv. ; DC. Prod. ii. 323 ; leaflets 1 rarely 3
glabrous 4-0 times as broad as long, racemes simple or slightly panicled. W. 4'"
A. Pi'odr. 221 ; Wight 1c. t. 265 ; Wall. Cat. 5671. Iledysarum Vespertilionis,
Linn. ; Boxb. Hort. Beng. 57 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 352.

Common in waste places throughout India. — Disteib. Tropics of both hemi-
spheres, often planted.

Stems erect, slender, finely downy upwards.' Petiole ^-1 in. ; leaflets rigidly
subcoriaceous, green, clouded usually with white, the end one 2-3 in. broad, ^— ^ in.
long, with two linear or lanceolate spreading or slightly ascending 2-3-nerved halves ;
apex bristle-tipped^, broadly emarginate ; side leaflets, if present, much smaller, ob-
liquely obversely deltoid. Racemes 3-6 in. long ; pedicels pubescent, shorter than
the calyx; lower geminate. Calyx finally \- § in. long. Corolla not exserted.
Joints 4-5.

o. Es. ©bcor«Iata, Desv. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 324; leaflets 3 rarely 1 pilose
beneath on the veiiis, terminal roundish or obversely deltoid, racemes usually
simple. Iledysarum obeoiur.rum. Poir. Diet. Suppl. ii. 425. II. reniforme-,
Lour. Fl. Coch. 447. L. remibrmis, DC. ioc. cit. L. microphylla, Wall. Cat.
5672. Desmodiiun prcemorsum, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5703.

Lourea.~\ l. leguminos^e. (J. G. Baker.) 155

Bibma, Wallich. — Distrib. Malay isles, China, Philippines, N. Australia.

Stems csespitose, very slender, wide-trailing, pubescent. Petiole i-f in. ; leaflets
membranous, pale green, as broad as long, truncate or rounded at the apex, pale
green, not clouded, glabrous above, £- £ in. long. Racemes very lax, reaching 6-0 in.
long ; pedicels as long as the calyx, pubescent, cernuous, rarely geminate. Calyx
downy, finally l-\ in. long. Corolla twice the flowering-calyx. Joints 4-5,
glabrous.

4. Xi. campanulata, Benth. PI. Jungh. 215 ; leaflets 3 rarely 1 obovate-
oblong downy beneath, racemes copiously panicled. Uraria campanulata, Wall.
Cat. 5685.

Ava ; Taong-dong mountains, Wallich.

Erect, with the habit of a Desmodium. Stems firm, slender, finely downy. Pe-
tioles \->% in. ; leaflets subcoriaceous, green, glabrous above, pale green, reticulato-
venose below ; end one 2-3. in. long, obtuse, with a cuneate base ; side ones much
smaller. Racemes 4-6 in. long, forming copious terminal panicles, with densely pu-
bescent rachises ; pedicels £ in.", curved. Calyx £-£ in., densely pubescent. Corolla
twice flower-calyx. Joints 2 3, pubescent.

Suffruticose perennials. Leaves i tipeuate, with 1 to 0 leaflets. Floivers
very numerous, minute, racemose. Calyx-tvbe very short; two upper teeth
short ; three lower usually elongated, setaceous. Standard broad ; wings ad-
hering to -the obtuse keel. Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary ses-
sile or short-stalked, few-ovuled ; style inflexed filiform, stigma terminal. Pod
of 2-6 small turgid 1-seeded indehiscent joints, often placed face to face. — Dis-
teib. Species all here included.

* Upper leaves 5-9-foliolate.

I. TT„ ■$ivt&3 Desv.; DC. Prodr. ii. 324; leaflets linear clouded, pedicel
clothed with shorl bristles. Wall. Cat. 5674 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 221 ; JDalz. # Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. Go. Doodia picta, Poxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 368. Hedysaruni pictuni,
Jacq. Ic. t. 507 ; Poxb. Hort. Bene/. 57. U. linearis, Hassk. PL Jav. Par.
349.

Himalayas to Ceylo^, ascending to 6000 ft. in the north-west. — Distrib. Tropical
Africa, Malay isles, Philippines.

An, erect little-branched suflruticose perennial, 3-6 ft. high. Stems robust, finely
downy. Petioles 1-2 in. ; leaflets 4-6, rarely 9, rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous above,
reticulato-venulose, minutely pubescent below, 4-8 in. long, J-l in. broad ; lowest
simple, round or oblong. Flowers in dense cylindrical racemes, |— 1 ft. long, f-| in.
broad ; bracts brown, scariose, deciduous, not distinctly ciliated ; upper lanceolate,
lower ovate acuminate ; pedicels £-§ in., abruptly recurved at the tip after flowering.
Corolla purple, slightly exserted. Joints 3-6, glabrescent, polished, often whitish.

pi crmita, Desv. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 324; leaflets oblong not clouded, pe-
dicels clothed with long bristles. Wall. Cat. 5675. U. picta, Wight Ic. t. 411,
nonDcsv. U. coraosa, DC. Prodr. ii. 324. Hedysaruni crinitum, Linn. ; Burm.
Fl. Ind. 169, t. 56 ; Poxb. Ilort. Ben//. 57. Doodia crinita, Poxb. Fl. Ind. iii.
369.

Himalayas to Ceylon and Siam, ascending to 9000 ft. in the north-west. — Dis-
trib. China, Malay isles.

General habit of the last. Upper leaves 3-7-foliolate ; leaflets subcoriaceous, green,
smooth above, paler, reticulato- venose beneath, 4-6 in. long, 1^-2 in. broad, much
rounded at the base. Racemes dense, reaching above a foot long, 1-1 £ in. thick;

156 L. LEGUMINOS.E. (J. G. Baker.) [TJraria.

lower pedicels £-f in. long with spreading bristles 3-4 times their thickness ; bracts
distinctly ciliated. Cflfyj>segments densely plumose. Corolla purplish, \ in. long.
Joints 4-6, opaque.

** Leaves 1- and 3-foliolate intermixed.

- •'. "U". lag-opoides, DC. Prodr. ii. 324; stems trailing, leaflets smair
orbicular or uMong. heads short dense oblong-cylindrical, lower calyx-teeth elon-
gated. TV. ty A. 1'rodr. "222, rum Wall. Hedysarum lagopoides, Burm. Fl. Ind.
68, t. 53, fig. 2. U. retusa, Wall. Cat. 5680. Doodia lagopodioides, Roxb. Fl.
Ind. iii. 366. Lespedeza lagopoides, Pers. Ench. ii. 308. U. haniosa, Wall. Cat.
5681, A., non W. # A.

Tropical zone. Nipal and Bengal to Ava. — Distrib. Malay isles, China, Poly-
nesia, N. Australia.

Stems densely csespitose, woody, slender, pubescent. Petiole ^-1 in. ; leaflets many,
of both kinds, obtuse, broadly rounded at the base, 1-2 in. long, glabrous above, finely
downy below. Heads always simple, very dense, 1-2, rarely 3 in. long, under 1 in.
thick; bracts subpersi stent, distinctly ciliated; pedicels densely crinite, not longer
than calyx. Calyx £- i in. ; lower teeth setaceous, densely plumose. Corolla scarcely
exserted. Joints 1-2, brown, polished, finely pubescent. U. cercifolia, Desv. ; DC.
Prodr. ii. 325, is probably a form of this with a single leaflet.

4. U. lag opus, DC. Prodr. ii. 324; stems erect, leaflets large oblong not
cordate, heads long dense cylindrical, lower calyx-teeth elongated. Hedysarum
arboreum, Don Prodr. 243. Uraria arboremn, G. Don Gen. JSyst. ii. 287. U.
lagopodioides, Wall. Cat. 5676, non DC. U. alopecuroides, Wight Ic. t. 290.
Doodia alopecuroides, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 368. U. hamcsa, Wall. Cat. 5681 C.
Hedysarum alopecuroides, Roxb. Hort. Bene/. 57.

Punjab, along the Himalayas to Assam and Ava, ascending to 6000 ft. in
Simla.

An erect undershrub, reaching 10-12 ft., with slender woody densely pubescent
branches. Leaves usually all 3-foliolate, subcoriaceous, glabrescent above, reticulato-
venose, finely downy below; end leaflet 2-4 in. long, 1^-2 in. broad. Racemes copi-
ous, both terminal and axillary, resembling those of if. crinita, reaching 6-9 in. by
l-lj in.; bracts deciduous; pedicels 2-3 times the calyx, densely crinite. Calyx
£-i iu. Corolla purple, little exserted. Joints 2-6, dark or pale, dull or polished.

5. U. repanda, Wall. Cat. 5677 ; stems erect, leaflets large cordate-ovate,
beads dense cylindrical, lower calyx-teeth elongated. Benth. PI. Jungh. 213.

Birma, Wallich.

General habit of the last, to which it is closely allied. Pubescence of branches
shorter. Leaves simple and trifoliolate intermixed, the side leaflets of the latter much
smaller than the end one, which is subobtuse or subacute, deeply produced at the base.
Racemes 2-4 in. by |-f in. ; bracts ovate, acuminate, distinctly ciliated, not deciduous ;
pedicels densely crinite, shorter than the calyx. Calyx \ in. ; lower teeth long,
setaceous, plumose. Joints 2, polished, glabrous, brownish -drab.

({.■ T, Itpmosa, Wall. Cat. 5681 J?; stems erect, leaflets large oblong not
cordate, racen es long lax cylindrical, lower calyx teeth not elongated. W. fy
A. Prodr. 222 ; Wight Ic. t. 284. Hedysarum hamosum, Roxb. Hort. Beng.
57. Doodia haniosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 867. U. lanceolata and desmodioides,
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5682, 5683. U. leptostachya, Wall. Cat. 5684. Desmodium
Horsfieldii and dasvphylluni, Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 251-3.

Himalayas to Ceylon, vBirmah and Pegu^ ascending in Sikkim to 4000 ft. — Dis-
trib. Malay isles.

Branches woody, slender, shortly pubescent. Leaves similar in texture to those of
all the preceding, sometimes all simple, the end one obtuse, broadly rounded at the

UrarlaJ] l. leguminos^e. (J. G. Baker.) 157

base, 3-5 in. by 2-3 in. Bacemes much laxer than in the other species, resembling
those of a Desmodium, copiously panicled, reaching |— 1 ft. long; bracts ovate, cuspi-
date, pubescent, deciduous ; pedicels |-£ in'., often fascicled. Calyx £ in., all the
teeth deltoid-cuspidate. Corolla 2-3 times the calyx. Joints 4-6, opaque, drab or
brown.

*** Leaves usually all 1-foliolate.

7. IT. prunellaefolia, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5686 ; stems erect, leaflets ob-
long-lanceolate, racemes short close oblong. Hedysarum hamatum, Heyne

MSS.

Ktjmaon, alt. 3000 ft., Thomson. East Himalayas, Griffith.

Branches slender, shortly pubescent. Leaflet oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or acute,
rounded at the base, 3-4 in. by l-l£ in.; petiole £-\ in. Racemes terminal, simple,
1-2 in. by f-f in ; bracts small, lanceolate, deciduous ; pedicels 2-3 times the calyx,
shortly bristly. Calyx £- £ in., lower teeth twice as long as the upper. Corolla
under twice the calyx. Joints 3-4, placed end to end, opaque or polished.

8. XT. cordifolia, Wall. PI. As. Ear. i. 33, t. 37 ; stems erect, leaflet cor-
date-ovate, racemes elongated lax cylindrical. U. cordata, Wall. Cat. 5679.

Prome and banks of the Irrawaddi, Wallich.

Branches stout, woody, densely clothed with short spreading hairs. Leaves casu-
ally trifoliolate, reaching 6-9 in. long, nearly as broad, acute, conspicuously hairy on
the raised veins below ; petiole ^-2 in. Bacemes lateral and terminal, £- lft. long,
resembling those of U. hamosa ; bracts small, lanceolate, deciduous ; pedicels ^-| in.,
densely crinite. Calyx £-£ in. ; teeth setaceous, nearly equal. Corolla scarcely ex-
serted. Joints 2-3, opaque, pubescent;

47. ALYSICARPUS, Neck.

Diffuse annuals or biennials. Leaves simple, rarely 3-foliolate, stipellate, sub-
coriaceous. Flowers in copious, axillary racemes. Calyx glumaceous; teeth
deep, often imbricated, the two upper often connate. Corolla not exserted ;
standard broad ; keel obtuse, adhering to the wings. Stamens diadelphous ; an-
thers uniform. Ovary nearly or quite sessile, many-ovuled ; style incurved, stigma
capitate. Pod terete or turgid, composed of several indehiscent 1-seeded joints.
— Distrib. Species about 15; weeds' everywhere in the tropics of the old
world.

* BXicrocalycinae. Calyx not longer than the first joint of the pod.

1. A. monilifer, DC. Pi'odr.ii. 353; stems clothed with fine spreading
hairs, pod distinctly moniliform turgid veinlej*. Wall. Cat. 5769 ; W. Sf A.
Prodr. 232. Hedysarum moniliferum, Linn, ; mirm, Fl. Lnd. t. 52, fig. 3 ; Boxb.
Hort. Beng. 56 ; Fl. Jnfl. iii. 345. A. Eubibarna, Wall. CaL 5771, ex parte.

Tropical zone ; Himalayas through India proper. Birma and Tenasserim, Wal-
lich.— Distrib. Nubia, Abyssinia.

Stems densely tufted, ^-1 ft. long. Leaves all simple, oblong, obtuse, glabrous,
\-^ in. long, often cordate ; petiole ^-g- in. long, finely downy. Bacemes close, 4-8-
fiowered ; pedicels very short. Calyx ~~^ in., obscurely hairy ; teeth linear, erecto-
patent. Pod ^ in. thick, 4-8-jointed, |-|"in. long, densely clothed with minute-hooked
pubescence, not at all reticulato-venose.

2. A. hamosus, Fdgew. Cat. Banda. PI. 47; stems densely clothed with
short spreading hairs, calyx much shorter than the first joint, pod compressed
reticulato-venose not moniliform. A. rotundifolius, Wight MSS.

158 l. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) [Alysicarpus.

Plain of Bundelkund and Western Peninsula.

Stems 1 ft. or less long, with many erecto-patent hairy branches. Leaves all simple ;
leaflet orbicnlar, obtuse, cordate, hairy on the veins below, ^-1J in. long and broad;
petiole j|— £ in., hairy like the branches. Racemes short-peduncled, moderately close,
4-6-flowered ; pedicels as long as the calyx. Calyx ^ in. long, the linear teefeh
erecto-patent. Pod |-| in. long, by £ in., distinctly pubescent, 3-5-jointed.

3. A. vaginalis, DC. Proclr. ii. 353; stems glabrescent or with a little
adpressed down, calyx as long- as the first joint, pod terete reticulato-venose not
moniliform. W. <y A. Prodr. 233 ; Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 64. Hedysarum
vaginale, Linn. ; Roxb. Hort. Bang. 56 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 345. A. Rubibarna, Wall.
Cat. 5771, ex parte. A. diversifolius, Wall. Cat. 5772. A. Harnieri, Schiueinf.
Bel. Kotsch. 24, t. 19.

Himalayas to Malacca and Ceylon, ascending to "4000 feet in the North-west
provinces. — Distrib. Through tropics of .old world, Afghanistan, introduced in
America.

Steins robust, ascending, 1-3 ft. long in the type. Leaflets glabrous, ^-2 in. long,
cordate at the base, usually oblong, obtuse, about twice as long as broad, rarely lan-
ceolate, 3-6 times as long as broad; petiole ^-\ in. Racemes elongated, 6-12-
flowered, 2-3 in. long ; pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx £ in., nearly glabrous t
teeth linear-setaceous, exceeding the tube- Pod i-f in. by ^ in., the joints half as
long again as broad, faintly pubescent, rugose, usually a little thickened at the end,
sometimes indistinctly moniliform.

Var. 1. nummidarifolius ; dwarf er, leaflets smaller oblong or roundish obtuse, ra-
cemes more crowded. A. nummularifolius, DC. Prodr. ii. 353 ; Wall. Cat. 5767 ; W.
$ A. Prodr. 232 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 64. A. varius, Wall. Cat. 5768. Hedysa-
rum varium, Roth Nov. Sp. 354. H. cylindricum, Poir. Diet. Suppl. v. 400. H.
nummularifolium, Linn. Sp. Plant. 1051. Hegetschweilera pulchella, Regel in Rot.
Zeit. i. 47. — As common and widely spread as the type.

Var. 2. heterophyllus ; leaflets lanceolate, simple and trifoliolate intermixed, ra-
cemes elongated. A. heterophyllus, Benth. MSS. A. trifoliatus, Stocks MSS. — Plains
of Scinde, Dr. Stocks.

Var. 3. Stocksii ; stems clothed with fine spreading hairs, leaflets thinner than in
the type obovate oblong hairy beneath, racemes elongated. — Plains of Concan, Stocks £
Law. Intermediate between the type and A. rotund if olins.

** XMEacrocalycinae. Calyx much longer than the first joint of the pod,
its teeth imbricated in the fruiting stage.

4. A. bupleurifolius, DC. Prodr. ii. 352; pedicels sh||t, calyx ciliated
only, joints of pod neither veined nor rugose. Wall. Cat. 5761, excl. B cy jP;
W. cy A. Prodr. 233 ; Dalz. cy Gibs. Bomb. FL (54. Hedysarum bupleurifo-
lium, Linn. Sp. PL 1051 ; Roxb. Cor. PI. t. ]D4;V#b^. Beng. 56 l Fl. Ind. iii.
346. H. gramineum, Retz. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. u46. A. lnd.ens/-.Wall. Cat.
5762, excl. B cy F.

Himalayas to Ceylon and Birma, ascending to 4000. ft. in Kumaon.-^Distrib.
Malay isles, China, Philippines, Mauritius, Polynesia.

Stems 1-2 ft., slender, assending, glabrous. Leaflets glabrous, linear or lanceolate,
1-3 in. long, acute, rather rounded at the base, rarejy oblong, subobtuse. Racemes
3-6 in. long, the flowers in 10-20 distant pairs ; pedicels very short. Calyx -\ in* ad-
pressed to the pod, hairy at the edge only ; teeth twice as long "as the furrowed funnel-
shaped tube. Pod stalked, |-^ in. long, ^ in. thick; joints 4-6, glabrous, as long as
smooth, slightly moniliform.

Var. 1. gracilis ; leaves oblong-lanceolate obtuse 1-2 in. long, calyx not mor\
than £ in. long, pod 1-2-jointed .included or little exserted. A. gracilis, Edgcw. in f
Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 312; Cat. PI. Band. 46. — Bundelkund, Edgeworth. Western
Peninsula, Wight. |

Alysicarpus.~\ l. leguminos^e. (J. GK Baker.) 159

5. A. long-ifolius, W.$ A. Prodr. 233; pedicels short, calyx slightly
pubescent and ciliated, articulations of pod glabrous finely reticulato-venose. Wt.
Ic. t. 251 ; Dalz. $- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 65. Hedysarum longifoliurn,ifo^/. ; Sprang.
Si/st. iii. 319. H. bracteatum, Herb. Madr. A. vaginalis, Wall. Cat. 5763 Bf
C in part. A. spicatus, Royle MSS.

Plains, scattered throughout India proper.

Stems stout, ascending, subglabrous, reaching 4-5 ft. Leaflets oblong or lanceolate,
3-6 in. long, subcordate, ciliated on the A-eins below. Racemes moderately close,
i-1 ft. long, the flowers adpressed to the finely hairy rachis ; pedicels T\ in. Calyx
|- in.: teeth lanceolate, 4-5 times the length of the funnel-shaped plicate tube. Pod
4-6-jointed, usually exserted, i in. broad, turgid, moniliform, marked only with a few
faint raised veins.

6. A- rug-osus, DC. Prodr. ii. 353 ; pedicels short, calyx ciliated, pod tur-
gid moniliform deeply transverselv plicate included or little exserted. Hedysa-
rum rugosum, Willd. Sp. iii. 1173. A. Wallichii, W. $ A. Prodr. 234. A.
bupleurifolius, Wall. Cat. 5761 B, F. A. vaginalis, Wall. Cat. 5763 C, ex parte.
A. glumaceus, Wall. Cat. 5764. A. glaber, E. Meyer Comm. 125. A. Hoch-
stetteri, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 209.

Himalayas (up to 4-5000 ft.) to Ceylon and Birma. — Distbib. Tropics of the
old world, Gape, W. Indies.

Stems 1-2 ft., ascending, subglabrous. Leaflets 1-3 in. long, subglabrous below,
usually oblong, obtuse, 2-3 times asfclong as broad, rarely orbicular or linear-lanceolate.
Racemes dense, 1-4 in. long ; pedicels ~-^ in. ; flowers adpressed to subglabrous rachis.
Calyx |-f in., glabrous on the back ; teeth lanceolate, much imbricated, reaching down
nearly to the base, minutely ciliated. Pod 3-5-jointed, included, glabrous, ± in.
broad; joints rather broader than long, marked with close prominent transverse
ribs.

Var. 1. Heyneanus; more robust, reaching 3-4 ft. high, stems and leaves below
permanently pubescent, leafjjfcg large obovate-oblong, racemes longer often 4-6 in. not
so close, calyx shorter Cili^Hfa^^he edge only, pod ^ in. broad often exserted. A.
Heyneanus, W. § A. PrJ^^^KKbghwaites Enum. 88. A. styrac4folius, Wall. Cat.
5770, ncn DC Hedysa^B Hp, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56 : Fl. hid. iii. 347.

A. obovatus, Edg .-^Plains of Bundelcund, Western Peninsula

Var. 2. styracifotius iiflBe, stems and leaves below finely pubescent,

leaflets sniall oblonp • {A. filifer, Wall.) lanceolate, racemes short dense

calyx \ in. long co fed. pod ■— in. broad rarely exserted. A. styraci-

folius, DC. Prodr. ii. 353.(eaxrf. syn.) ; W. f A. Prodr. 234 ; Balz. £ Gibs. Bomb. Fl.
65. A. vaginalis, i, A. pilifer, Wall. Cat. 5765. A. scariosus, Grrah.

in Wall. Cat. 5766 tin. 88. Hedysarum glumaceum, Koen.inRoxb. Fl.

Ind.\\\.2l~i. A. hi] ks MSS. — A va and through India proper.

Var. 3. Ii c^^Bf distant 2-3 in. long, racemes reaching h ft. long the

lower flowers long hairy not much ciliated. Habit of A. bupleuri-

folius. A.! . . .'u G2 B §• F. A. bupleurifolius, Roxb. Herb, non Cor. —

Plains of Bengal

7. A. tetrag'onolobus, Fdgiv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 312; Cat. Band. PL
45 ; pedicels short, calyx pubescent densely ciliated, pod tetragonous moniliform

iy plicate distinctly exserted. A. quadrangularis, Fdgw. MSS.

;ind, Deccan and Concax.

\e *mvM forms of A. rugosus. Stems slender, £-1 ft., finely

oblong or lanceolate, 1-1^ in., ciliated on the nerves beneath.

. . 2-3 in. long, the lower flowersm distant pairs ; pedicels ^ in. Calyx

&"~5 *nj ; teeth lanceolate, acuminate, reaching down nearly to the base. Pod%-^ in. by

160 L. legumixos^e. (J. G. Baker.) [Alisy carpus.

i in., 3-4-jointed, marked with an acute angle down the face, glabrous, with as
deep plications as in A. rugosus.

8. A . pubescens, Law in Wight Ic. t. 250 ; pedicels 0, calyx densely
clothed with long white cottony hairs, joints of pod deeply reticulated. Dalz. §-
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 65.

Plains of Concan and Deccan.

Stems ascending, l-l£ ft., clothed with short adpressed hairs. Leaves distant,
linear or lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, hairy on the nerves below, strongly triplinerved.
Spikes close, 2-6 in. long, with a plumose rachis. Calyx § in. long ; teeth lanceolate-
setaceous, densely plumose, reaching down to the base. Pod 3-4-jointed, included in
the calyx, moniliform, glabrous; joints globose, under — in. thick, the veins
honeycombed.

9. A. belgraumensis, Wight Lc. t. 92; pedicels elongated finely pubes-
cent densely ciliated, pod included finely pubescent reticulato-venose. Bah. $
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 65.

Plains of Concan, Dalzell, Ritchie.

Stems 1-2 ft., clothed with dense short pubescence. Leaves casually 3-foliate, usu-
ally simple ; leaflets oblong or lanceolate, 2-3 in, long, subcordate, clothed with ad-
pressed short hairs beneath. Racemes moderately close, reaching 6-9 in. long, 1^-1^ in.
broad ; pedicels curved, ascending, downy £-f in. Calyx f-| in. ; teeth 5, lanceolate,
reaching down to the base. Pod 3-4-jointed, subcompressed, scarcely moniliform,
£ in. broad, marked on the face with fine raised honeycomb veins.

Vab. 1. racemosus ; dwarf, diffuse, leaflets obovate-oblong under 1 in. long, racemes
with much fewer more distant flowers, calyx smaller, pod — ^n- broad slightly ex-
serted. A. racemosus, Benth. in Hohen. PL Ind. Or. No. 212 ; Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or.
t. 292.— Nilghiris, Schmidt, Wight. Rolampally hills, Coimbatore, alt. 2500 ft.,
Beddome.

48. MECOPUS, Bennett.

An annual herb. Leaves 1-foliolate. Flowers in&§nse racemes. Calyx-tube
campanulate ; teeth lanceolate, the two upper connAte. Standard broad ; keel
incurved, obtuse. Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary stipitate,
2-ovuled ; style inflexed, stigma minute capitate. Pod of one small oblong
reticulato-venose joint on a long stalk thrust down by the twisting of the top of
the pedicel so as to approach the rachis. — A single species.

1. M. nidulans, Bennett PI. Jav. Bar. 154, t. '52 j Walp. Bop. v. 524.
Uraria retrofracta, Wall. Cat. 5678.

Hilly woods of Birma, Maktaban and TENAssBRiM.--DisTinit. Malay isles.

An erect annual, 1 ft. or more high, with numerous slender spreading naked
branches. Leaves simple ; leaflet broader than long, membranous, glabrous, pale green,
venose, truncate or faintly emai'ginate ; base subcordate ; petiole filiform, articulated
and minutely stipellate at the tip. Flowers in dense oblong podiineled terminal heads
1 in. or less long; pedicels fascicled, \- f in. long, finely veeeding the seta-

ceous bracts. Calyx and corolla very small. Pud with a stalk 3-4 times as long as
itself. < } fck

49. OUGEINIA, Benth.^ }■>.

Tree. Leaves pinnately 8-foliolate. Flowers in fascicled axillary racemes.
Calyx-tube campanulate ; teeth small, upper 2 subconnate. Corolla much ex-
serted ; standard broad; keel obtuse. Stamens diadelphous; anthers uniform.
Ovary sessile, linear, many-ovuled ; style filiform, incurved, s^gina minute capi-
tate. Pod linear, flat, smooth, formed of 2-5 large more or less -distinct joints.
— Disieib. A single endemic species.

Oligemia.] L. LEGUMiNOSiE. (J. G. Baker.) 161

1. O. dalberg-ioides, Benth. PL Jungh. 216 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 36 ; Brand.
For. Flor. 146, t. 23. Dalbergia ougeinensis, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53 ; Fl. Ind.
iii. 220 ; Wall. Cat. 5851 ; Wight Ic. t. 391.

Hilly tracts of Northern India and Concan, ascending to 4000 ft. in Ktjmaon.
An erect tree, 20-40 ft. high, with slender terete grey branches. Leaves distinctly
petioled, pinnately 3-foliolate, stipellate ; leaflets rigidly coriaceous, glabrous or downy
below ; end leaflet roundish or obovate, 3-6 in. long, obtuse, entire or obscurely crenate ;
side ones smaller, opposite, oblique. Flowers very copious, in short fascicled racemes,
from the nodes of old branches ; pedicels 4— f in., filiform, downy or glabrous. Calyx
£-£ in. ; teeth obtuse. Corolla whitish or pale rose. Pod 2-3 in. long ; joints 2-3
times as long as broad.

T 50. DESItZOBIVM, Desv.

Shrubs or herbs. Leaves 3-foliolate or simple, stipellate. Flowers small,
red, in copious usually dense racemes. Calyx campanulate or turbinate ; teeth
longer or shorter than the tube, the two upper often subconnate. Corolla ex-
serted ; standard broad ; wings more or less adhering to the usually obtuse keel.
Upper stamen entirely or partially free, the other 9 united. Ovary sessile or
stipitate, few- or many-ovuled ; style incurved, stigma minute capitate. Pod
usually composed of several one-seeded indehiscent joints, the faces compressed,
never muricated, the upper suture rarely finally splitting open. — Distrib. Spe-
cies about 120 ; cosmopolitan in the tropics and several in the Cape and North
America.

D. cajanifolium, I)C Prodr. ii. 331 (Hedysarum cajanifolium, //. B. K. Nov. Gen,
t. 528. H. mucronatum, Blume; Waif. Rep. i. 746) a species widely spread in tropical
America, has been introduced in Ceylon, and is included in Wallich's distribution from
the Calcutta Garden as D. leptostachyum, Wall. Cat. 5697 A.

Ornithopus perpusillus is in Schmidt's Nilghiry collection, no doubt accidentally
introduced.

Arachis hypog-ea is frequently cultivated, but has no claim to be regarded as
a native. %

Sttbgex. 1. ^cndrolooiutn, W. cj* A. Shrubs with woody branches, 3-
foliolate leaves, Mowers in &jlise skort-peduncled or sessile axillary umbels,
minute deciduous bracts.

1.9. umbellatum, DC. Prodr. ii. 325 ; branches terete, leaflets obtuse
1-1 J times as long as broad, ]oints of -pod large H-2 times as long as broad.
W. $ A. Prodr. 224, ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 87 ; Wall. Cat. 5687 ; Date. $ Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 66. Dendrolobiiun iimbellatuni, Benth. PI. Jung. 218. Hedysarum um-
bellatum, Linn. Sp. 1053 ; Jacq. Hort. Schoen. t. 297, non Roxb. H. arboreum,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. Hi. SGQ.—Biirm. Zeyl, t. 51.

Tropical zone ; Ava, Tenasserim, Penang, Malacca, Ceylon. — Distrib. Mascaren
isles, Malaya, Philippines, Polynesia.

A shrub, 5-6 ft. high, with densely downy young branches. Petioles 1 in. or less,
slightly furrowed ; leaflets subcoriaceous, green and glabrous above, thinly grey-canes-
cent or nearly glabrescent beneath, the veins not much raised ; end one larger than side
ones, roundish or broad-oblong, 2-3 in. long. Umbels 6-12-flowered ; pedicels short,
unequal. Calyx £ in. densely silky ; teeth shorter than or as long as the tube. Co-
rolla if-4 in. Pod H-2in. long ; joints 4-5, thick, glabrescent or silky, \- 1 in. long,
indented at both sutures.

2. 25. Gephalo tes, Wall. Cat. 5721 ; branches triquetrous, ieaflets acute
2-0 limes as long as broad, joints of pod small as long as broad. W. fy A.

VOL. II. M

162 l. leguminos^i. (J. G. Baker.) [Desmoduiin.

Prodr. 224 ; Wight Ic. t. 373 ; Bedel. Fl. Sylv. 87 ; Anal. Gen. t. 12, fig. 4. Den-
drolobium cephalotes, Benth. PI. Jung. 218. Hedysarum cephalotes and umbel-
latuin, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 3G0. D. congestum, Wall. Cat. 5723 ; W. $ A.
Prodr. 224; Wight Ic. t. 209; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 66. D. anstrale,
Hassk. PI. Jav. Par. 356, non DC. D. sericatum, Presl, Bot. Bern. 39. D.
lineatum, Span, in Linn. xv. 193.

East Himalayas, tropical zone. Nipal to Chittagong, ascending to 4000 ft. ;
through India proper to Ceylon and Siam. — Distrib. China, Malay isles.

A shrub, several ft. high, with densely grey-silky acutely-angled zigzag branches.
Petiole 1-2 in., thickened, deeply furrowed down the face ; leaflets oblong or obovate-
obloug, subcoriaceous, green and glabrous above, grey-silky with conspicuous parallel
raised main veins below, the end one 3-6 in. long. Flowers 20 or more, in dense um-
bels ; pedicels unequal, silvery, jointed at the apex. Calyx |— £ in. ; teeth lanceo-
late, as long as the tube. Corolla deep red, twice the calyx. Pod under an inch
long, glabrescent or silky; joints 4-5, square, slightly indented, mainly at the lower
suture.

ex. 2. Pliyllodium, Desv. Shrubs with woody branches, 3-foliolate
leaves, fiowera umbellate, the umbels in long continuous rows and each bidden
by a pair of persistent bracts.

• - IV pulcbellum, Benth. MSS. ; leaves finely downy beneath, bracts
small close coriaceous plicate glabrous above, joints usually 2. Hedysa-
rum pulchellum, Linn. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 361. Dicerma pulcbelhun, DC.
Prodr. ii. 339 ; Wall. Cat. 5737 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 230 ; Wight Ic. t. 418.
Zornia pulcliella, Pers. Syn. ii. 318. Phvllodium pulchellum, Desv. Journ. Bot.
iii. 123, t. 5, fig. 24; Benth. PI. JwngL217.

East Himalayas and through India proper to Ceylon, Burma, and Pegu. — Distrib.
China, Philippines, Malay isles.

A shrub, 3-6 ft. high, with • slender terete finely grey-downy branches. Petiole
%-% in. ; leaflets rigidly coriaceous, green, glabrous above ; end one much the largest,
oblong, 3-6 in. long, obtuse or subacute, rounded at the base, sometimes slightly repand.
Racemes ^-1 ft. long, composed of 12-50 umbels; bracts the same texture as the
leaves, orbicular, rather oblique, ~^ in., long, with a short petiole ending in a long
bristle; umbels 2-6-fiowered -pedicels ^-^ in., downy. Calyx -^ in. ; teeth lanceolate,
shorter than the tube. Corolla 3 times the calyx. Joints of pod rarely 1 or 3, glabrous
or downy, ^ in. long, constricted at .both sutures.

' 4. D. gramde, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xliii. 2, 184 ; leaves finely
downy beneath, bracts large coriaceous plicate glabrous above not close, joints
3-4.

Ava, Kurz. Griffith No. 1690, the exact station not known, probably Texasserim.

Closely allied to the preceding, but considerably larger in most of its parts.
Branches slender, terete, finely grey-downy. Petiole 1-1 £ in ; leaflets ovate, narrowed
gradually to an acute point, the end one 4-5 in. long. Racemes reaching a foot long,
with a downy zigzag rachis ; bracts like those of the last in texture, |-1 in. long, more
coivlate at the base ; pedicels }r\ in. long. Calyx £ in., finely downy ; upper teeth
deltoid ; lowest lanceolate. Joints of pod £ in. long and broad,' finely downy.

5. Z>. vestitum, Benth. MSS. ; leaves densely downy beneath, bracts
large membranous not plicate pubescent on both sides. Dicerma vestitum, Wall.
Cat. 5739. Phyllodium vestitum, Benth. PL Jungh. 217; Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i.
261.

Martaban, Wallich. TENASSE|tnr, near.Mergui, Griffith.

Brandies slender, clothed with dens'e snort ^pubescence. Leaflets oblong, 3-4 in.
long, at first densely pubescent on both sides, glabrescent above, obtuse or subacute,

Desmodium.~] L. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) 163

rounded at the base. Racemes 4-6 in. long in the specimens seen; bracts 1-1 j- in.
long, orbicular, not oblique, obtuse, emarginate, thinner in texture than in the other
two and dissimilar to the leaves ; umbels 2-3-floweivd ; pedicels as lonp: as the calyx.
Calyx A, in.; teeth deltoid, two upper connate, loivesi lanceolate. Corolla —^ in.
Joints of pod 2-3, downy, £ in. long.

Subgenus, Sicerma, DC. A trailing undershrub with small 3-foliolate
exstipetlate leaves, miuute bracts and flowers in long racemes.

0. Z>. biarticulatum, Benth. MSS. Hedysarum biarticulatum, Linn. ;
JRavb. Fl. Ind. iii. 359. Dicemia biarticulatum, DC. Prodr. ii. 339 ; Wall.
Cat. 5738; W. $ A. Prodr. 230 ; Wight Ic. t. 419.

Plains of Western Peninsula, Ceylon and Birma. — Distrib. Malay isles, N.
Australia.

Stems slender, densely csespitose, ^—2 ft., glabrous or downy. Stipules scariose,
connate, 2-3 cleft ; petiole £-£ in. ; leaflets rigidly coriaceous, pale green, subequal,
oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, subglabrous, §-£ in. long, nearly digitate. Racemes
peduncled, sublax, £-£ ft., the lower flowers 2-4 together. Calyx scariose, sub-
glabrous, under ^ in. ; teeth exceeding the tube, the two upper connate. Corolla 2-3
times the calyx. Joints usually 2, rarely 1, round-oblong, pubescent, £ in. long, both
sutures deeply indented. ^%^.. •

Srr.cKX. 4. Catenaria, Benth. Shrubs with woody branches, 3-foliolate
leaves, long racemes, small bracts and long pendulous 'many-jointed pods.

7. X&„ laburnifolluiofl DC. Prodr. ii. 337. D. viticinum, Wall. Cat.
•5709. 1). catenilerimi, Am. in Nov. Act. xviii. 321. Hedysarum laburnifolium,
Poir. Encyc. vi. 422. Catenaria laburnifolia, Benth. PL Jungh. 220. II.
caudatum, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 286 ?

Central and East Himalayas, tropical zone ; Kumaon to Assam and Mishmi,
ascending to 4000 ft. in Sikkim ; Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay isles, China, Japan.

A shrub, with slender terete branches, soon glabrescent. Stipules free, minute, se-
taceous ; petiole 1-li in-> thickened, grooved down trfe face; leaflets oblong-lanceo-
late, acute, 2-4 in. "JBhg, rigidly subcoriaceous, shining above, hairy on ribs below.
Racemes \-\ it. \ Mtficels \ in., finally spreading. Calyx ^ in. ; hairs adpressed ;
teeth lanceolate, asftong as the tube, lowest linear. Corolla whitish, \^ in. Pod 2 3
in. long; joints 6-8, twice as long as broad, >• t with minute hooked spread! ng
hairs.

Sttbgen. 5. Pteroloma, Desv. Shivl? with 1-foliolate leaves, winged
petioles, racemose flowers, minute bracts and acute keel. ,

8. D. triquetrum, DC. Prodr. ii. 320; 'Wall. Cat. 5688; W. $r. A.

Prodr. 2&L ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 66. D. Ruricu latum, pseudo-triquetruru and
alatiim, DC. he cit. Hedysarum triquetrum, Linn.; Ito.vb. Sort. Beng. 56;
Fl. Ind. iii. 347. II. alatum, Roxb. FL Ind. iii. 348. Pterolcma triquetrum,
Benth. PL Jungh. 220.

Central and East Himalayas, through India proper to Ceylon, ascending to
4000 ft. in Kumaon, Sikkim and Khasia. Chittagong, Tavoy, Pegu. — Distrih.
Seychelles, China, Philippines.

Branches triquetrous, soon glabrescent. Leaflet ovate or lanceolate, reaching 6-8 in.
long, acute, rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous above, hairy on the ribs below; petiole
4_-14_ in., with a wing on each side, like the leaflet in texture, £-£ in. broad. Racemes
^-1 ft. long, axillary and terminal ; pedicels ascending, £-£ in. Calyx £ in., campa-
nulate ; upper teeth deltoid, lowest linear. Pod 1-2 in. long, 6-8-jointed, glabrous or
pubescent; joints nearly square.,: Lower s^uro fajn^y ^uU'Uted.

SriJGENvfl. Desmo("'im proper. Erect herbs or undershrubs with

m2

164 L. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) [JDesmodium.

large 1-3-foliolate leaves, flowers often 2 or several from a node in long racemes
simple or panicled, deciduous bracts and distinctly jointed pods.

* Joints ofp>od indehiscent, 3-5 times as long as broad (Scokpiurtts, JBenth.)

1). X). ormocarpoides, DC. Prodr. ii. 327 ; petiole produced, leaves
1-foliolate, joints 6-8 flattened distinctly constricted. D. zonatum, Miq. tflor.
Ind. Bat. i. 250. Hedysarum ormocarpoides, Desv. MSS. H. adherens, Poir.
Diet. Suppl. v. 15, non Vahl.

Hills of West Peninsula; Wight, Beddome; and Ceylon, Gardner, Tkwaites.

Stems woody, slender, obtusely angular, finely downy when young. Leaflet ovate,
acute, rigidly subcoriaceous, 4-6 in. long, inconspicuously downy below ; petiole ^—1 in.
Racemes terminal only, 6-9 in. long ; fascicles of flower few and distant ; bracts mi-
nute, setaceous ; pedicels £-§ in., finally subpatent. Calyx ^ in., pubescent ; teeth
'short, deltoid. Pod pendulous, 3-4 in. long, under \ in. broad ; joints ribbed horizon-
tally, clothed with minute hooked hairs, distinctly constricted at both sutures.

10. D. teres, Wall. Cat. 5694; petiole very short, leaves 1-foliolate, joints
1.0-12 very narrow turgid 4-5 times as long as broad, Benth. PI. Jungh. 225.

Ava ; Taong-dong mountains, Wallich.

Branches woody, terete, very slender, finely downy. Leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acute, 4-6 in. long, rounded at the base, subcoriaceous, glabrous above, reticulato-
venose, minutely hairy on the ribs below; petiole ^-\ in. Racemes terminal and
axillary, lax, 6-9 in. long, sparsely panicled ; bracts minute, subulate ; pedicels
downy, £-| in., finally spreading. Calyx j~ in., densely hairy ; teeth as long as the
tube. Fod l|-2 in. by ^ in. br., clothed with minute hooked hairs, subsessile,
scarcely constricted between the joints.

1 1 . 3>. laxiflorum, DC. Prodr. ii. 335 ; le,aves\,3-foliolate, joints 6-10
narrow flattened 3-4 times as long as broad. J), bicoloi-^ Wall. Cat. 5719. D.
elongatum, Wall. Cat. 5715. I). leptostachvum, Wall. Vat. 5G97 B. D. sul-
catum, Wall. Cat. 5736. D. recurvation, Grah.in Wall. Cat. 5717; W.% A.
Prodr. 226; Wight Ic. t. 374. D. diflusum, DC. Prodr^ii. 335, non 336.
1). Kottleri, G. Don Gen. Syst. ii. 296 f . non Baker. Iledvaarimi recurvatum,
Bo.vb. Jlort. Beng. 57; Fl I<*d. iii. 358; Wight Ic. t. 40t II. diffusum,.
Bo.vb. Fl. Ind, iii. 357, non Willd, H. Roxburghii, Spreng. Syst. App. 292.
H. Rottleri, Sprang. Syst. iii. 320.

Himalayas, temperate and tropical regions from G-hurwhal and Kumaon to Assam,
ascending to 6000 ft. in Sikkim and Kumaon. Western Peninsula, Ava, Pegu,.
Tenasserim. — Distrib. Java, Borneo, Philippines.

An erect undershrub, 3-5 ft. high, with obtusely angled branches, cbjthed with
dense short hairs. Petiole 1-2 in. ; leaflets membranous or subcoriaceous, glabrous
above, clothed with adpressed minute hairs beneath ; end one usually ovate or broad
oblong, acute, sometimes obovate, subobtuse, 4-6 in. long. Racemes copious, axillary
and terminal, the latter often compound, often a foot long ; flowers several to a node
and the nodes close, ; pedicels ^- J in., finally spreading ; bracts minute, linear-subu-
late. Calyx under i in., densely hairy ; teeth lanceolate, longer than the tube. Pod
1-1 A- in., rarely 2 in., by ~ in., clothed with minute hooked hairs, not at all or slightly
constricted at the joints.

** Joints of pod indehiscent, as broad as long ', spirally twisted \ both sutures
deeply indented (Chalaejx^i, DC.)

12. D. spirale, :32 ; Benth, in Mart. Fl. Bra*, xv. 1C5,.
•with- many synonyms."' WKK^SS^^^^BH^ttPt^W^t^^foii DC. Hedysarum
spirale, Sicartz Fl. lad. Oct-. J:. °" amesCC .

Desmodium.'] l. leguminosjE. (J. G. Baker.) 165

North-west provinces, Royle; Bundelcund, Edgeworih. — Distrib. Trop.
America, Africa, Polynesia.

A caespitose erect annual, ^-2 feet high, with very slender glabrous stems. Leaves
distinctly petioled, 3-foliolate, green, membranous, subglabrous ; end one ovate or lan-
ceolate, -k-l^ in. long. Racemes copious, axillary and terminal, the latter much pa-
nicled ; bracts minute, setaceous ; pedicels filiform, patent, glabrous, §-£ in. Calyx
— in. ; teeth as long as the tube. Pod §-£ in. long, j£-& broad, 4-6-jointed, glabrous.

*** Joints of pod indehiscent, longer than broad, the loivest one distinctly
stalked, the constrictions reaching from the lower nearly to the upper suture.
(Podocarpitjm, Benth.)

13. D. podocarpum, DC. Prodr. ii. 336 ; corolla small, bracts linear
"minute, stalk of pod 3-4 times as long as the calyx, pedicels short, joints
truncate at the apex. Wall. Cat. 5711, non Hook. $ Am. Bot. Beeclu t. 98^
D. japonicum, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 46.

Temperate and tropical Himalayas, alt. 2-7000 ft. ; from Simla and GlJEWflAL to
Khasia and Sikkjm, — Distrib. China, Japan. - ,

Stems 2-3 ft., herbaceous, angular, erect, finely pubescent. Stipules small, seta-
ceous ; petiole 1-3 ir.. 3, membranous, both surfaces subglabrescent, the lower
one pale ; end one roundish, subacute, 2-3 in. long, with a deltoid base. Racemes few,
very lax, axillary and terminal, tflfe latter reaching a foot long, copiously panicled ;
bracts minute,^linear ; pedicels under \ in. Calyx turbinate, 775 in., slightly bristly ;
teeth deltoid, very short. Corolla £ in. Joints 1-2, \ in. long by half as broad,
half-rhomboidal, pubescent, the upper suture flattened.

Var. laxum; leaflets larger, the end one 2-3 times as long as broad narrowed
gradually to a point. D. laxum, DC. he. cit. Hedysarum laxum, Spreng. Syst. App.
292. I). t. 1 Wall. Cat. 5720. — Kumapn, Nipal and Sikkim.

34. -D. CS-ardnevi, Benth. VI. Jungh. 226; corolla small, bracts setaceous
minute, stalk <;' pod H - i i> times the calyx, pedicels moderately long, joints ob-
lique or truncate at the apex. 1>. bambusetormn, Miq. Flor. 2nd. Bat. i. 256?
3). podocarpum, Miq, Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 46, non DC.

West Peninsul!., Shevagcrry hills, Dr. Wight. Ceyeon, Gardner. — Distrib.
Japan.

pa} habit <f)f the last, of which it is perhaps a mere southern variety. Stipides

I in. ; petiole 2-3 in. ; leaflets 3, membranous, subglabrescent, the end one

narrow-ovate, 4-6 in. long, narrowed gradually to a point. Pedicels ^—^ in. '~ bracts,

calyx and corolla of D. podocarpum. Joitits 2-3, £— | in. long, £ in. broad, cut away

in an obliquo line from opposite the point to the base ; stalk of pod £— | in. long.

15. X>. clolabriforme, Benth. PI. Jungh. 226 ; corolla small, bracts mi-
nute setaceous, stalk of pod 2-3 times as long as the calyx, pedicels short, joints .
oblique at the apex.

Western Peninsula, Cabnatic, near Courtallum, Wight ; Tinnevelley, Beddome.

Leaves crowded on an erect stem a few inches high. Stipules small, lanceolate,
persistent ; petiole 1-1^ in. ; leaflets 3, membranous, both surfaces green, lower ob-
scurely pilose, end one ovate, narrowed gradually to an obtuse point, twice as long as
broad, 1^-2 in. long, base deltoid. Racemes simple, lax, long-peduncled, terminal, 2-3
in. long ; pedicels £-% in., finally patent.* Calyx -^ in., turbinate ; lower tooth lanceo-
late, as long as the tube, upper deltoid. Joint solitary, half-rhomboidal, | in. long,
three times as long as broad, narrowed gradually from above the middle to the tip and
stalk.

16. D. Scalpe, DC. Prodr. ii. 334 ; corolla large", bracts large ovate, pe-
dicels verv long, stalk of pod twice as long as the calyx. D. strangulatum, W.
# A. Prodr. 228 ; Wight Ic. t. 985. D. trichocaulon, Hassk. PI Jav. Bar. 367,

!

166 L. leguminos^:. (J. G. Baker.) [Desmodiwm.

non DC. D. caffrum, EcH. $ Zey. Herb. Cap. No. 1662. D. Schiniperi, Hochst. :
A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 205. D. abyssinicum and repandum, DC. Prodr. ii. 33K
and 334 ?

Hills of the "Western Peninsula, and Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay and Masparen
isles, Abyssinia, Natal.

Stems 3-4 feet high, erect, woody in the lower part, densely downy. Stipules
\-^ in., lanceolate, persistent ; petiole 2-3 in. ; leaflets 3,. membranous, finely downy
on both surfaces, often slightly repand ; end one 2-4 in. long, roundish- or obovate-rhom-
boidal, base and apex subdeltoid. Racemes very lax, mostly terminal, often a foot
long, simple or forked at the base ; bracts boat-shaped, enclosing the buds, soon falling ;
pedicels capillary, permanently ascending, lower 1-1 J in. long. Calyx \ in., downy;
lower tooth lanceolate, as long as the tube ; upper deltoid. Corolla f — ^ in., bright red.
Joints 1-3, half-rhomjboidal, \-^ in. long by half as broad ; apex oblique ; upper
suture rather recurved.

17. 2>. pfocordatum, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 229; co-

near-subulate caducous, stalk of pod not longer than
L'raria obcordata, Miq.'Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppf. 114, 305.

Tenassfrim, Kurz.

A twitting perennial, 3-4 ft. high, with puberalous stems. Stipules lanceolate,
£ in.; petiole -h—l in.; leaflets chartaceous, pale, thinly downy and prominently
beneath, end one obcordatc-lunatc, ^—2 in. broad, emarginate with a mucro,
■lateral ones smaller, deltoid. Racemes slender, pubesqent, axillary and forming a
terminal panicle; bracts very caducous. Calyx i in,, pubescent; teeth lanceolate,
acuminate. Corolla purple, under \ in. Joints of pod 1-3, round-hastate, •§■ in.
long and broad, flat, puberulous.

**** Joints of pod indehiscent, once or twice as long as broad; upper suture
straight or slightly indented ; calyx-teeth deltoid, never exceeding the tube (DoL-
linera, Endl.) All shrubby.

t Leaves 1-foliolate.

18. I>. oblong-um, Wall. Cat. 5714; leaflets 3-4 times as1 long as broad
thinly silky beneath. Benth. PL Jungh. 224.

Ava ; Taong-dong mountains, Wallich.

Stems slender, woody, finely downy. Leaflet oblong, 3-5 in. long, obtuse, rounded at
the base, subcoriaceous, green, glabrous above; petiole i— | in. ^Racemes very lax,
axillary and terminal, copiously panicled, 4-6 in. long, most of the flowers in distant
pairs ; pedicels ■§-£ in. ; bracts \ in., ovate -cuspid ate. Calyx T^ in., lowest tooth
lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla § in. Pod f-1 in. long, £ in. broad, 6-7-
jointed, thinly closely silky, the upper suture slightly indented.

19. D. oblatum, Baker; Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlf?.:,2, 230 ;
leaflet broader than long glabrous beneath.

Birma ; forests of Pegu, Ava and Martaban, Kurz.

Stems slender, woody, glabrous. Leaflet membranous, |-1 in. long, 1£ in. broad,
green above, grey-green beneath; petiole ^— fin. Racemes very lax, axillary and ter-
minal, the end one panicled ; pedicels erecto-patent, £- § in. Calyx ~ in., thinly
silky ; teeth as long as the tube, lowest lanceolate, the others deltoid. Corolla 3-4
times the calyx. Pod |-f in. long, £ in. broad, 3-4-jointed, subglabrous, distinctly
stalked ; upper suture slightly indented. — Very near B. reniforme, DC, from which it
differs by its longer pedicels and more deeply indented pod.

ft Leaves S-foliolate.

20. E>. sinuatusn, Blume MSS. ; leaflets repand, pedicels short, corolla
small, bracts setaceous, joints many small clothed with minute hooked hairs. D.
strangulatum var. sinuatum, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 255.

Desmodium.'] l. leguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) ' 167

Khasia, tropical zone, alt. 3-5000 ft., Hook. fil. §■ Thomson. Mishmi, Griffith. —
Distrib. Malay isles.

Branches terete, woody, minutely downy. Petiole 1-1* in. ; leaflets subcoria-
ceous, pale, minutely downy or nearly glabrescent beneath ; end one roundish-rhom-
boidal, obtuse, 2-3 in. long, conspicuously repand in the upper half. Racemes copious,
terminal and axillary, moderately close, not more than 3-4 in. long ; pedicels ^-^ in.,
finely downy. Calyx ^ in. ; teeth as long as the tube. Corolla £ in. Pod 1^-1^ in.
long, under £ in. broad; joints 8-12, as broad as long.

21. D. floribundum, G. Don Gen. Syst. ii. 297 ; leaflets entire, pedicels
short, corolla large, bracts lanceolate large, joints many small clothed with ad-
pressed silky hairs. D. multiflorum, DC. Prodr. ii. 335 ; Wall. Cat. 5705. D.
angulation, DC. Prodr. ii. 335, no7i Wall. D. dubium, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 967 ;
Bot. May. t. 2960. D. sambuense, DC. Prodr. ii. 335 ? Hedysarani floribun-
dum, Don Prodr. 244. H. "Wallichianum, Spreng. Syst App. 292. H. sam-
buense, Don Prodr. 243 ?

Himalayas, tropical and temperate zones, from the Upper Punjab to Khasia,
ascending to 7000 ft.

Branches woody, angular, densely pubescent. Stipides lanceolate, ^ in. ; leaflets
subcoriaceous, green, with a few adpressed hairs above, densely clothed with ad-
pressed grey silky hairs and finely reticulato- venose beneath ; end one obovate-oblong,
3-4 in. long, obtuse or subacute. Racemes very copious, axillary and terminal, mo-
derately close, 3-6 in. long, often second; bracts acuminate, ciliated, ^f in. long; pe-
dicels \ in., erecto-patent, finely hairy. Calyx \ in. ; teeth as long#s the tube.1* Corolla
|-^ in. Pod £-1 in. long, under | in. br. } joints 6-8, rather longer than broad.

22. D. confertum, DC. Prodr. ii. 335 ; leaflets entire, pedicels short,
bracts and corolla large, joints few large 'densely clothed with spreading silky
hairs. D. barbatuni, Wall. Cat., 6724, non Benth. (Iledysarum, Linn.)

Central and East Himalayas, alt. 2-4000 ft. ; Nipal, Sikkim and Khasia.

Branches terete, finely downy when young. Petiole 1-H in. ; leaflets subcoria-
ceous, glabrous above, distinctly reticulato-venose, pale, minutely hairy below; end One-
obovate or oblong, obtuse or acute, 3-6 in. long. Racemes copious, short, dense,
axillary and terminal, the latter panicled, often subsecund; bracts £ in. long, lanceo-
late, scariose ; pedicels j$-\ in., ascending. Calyx £ in., turbinate, subglabrous ;
lower teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube ; upper deltoid. Corolla 3-4 times the calyx.
Pod 1-1 \ in. long, under \ in. broad ; joints 3-4, twice as long as broad, the constric-
tion from below reaching more than half way through. '

•J:',. S. ozyphyllum, DC. Prodr. ii. 336; leaflets acute thinly silky be-
neath, pedicels long, bracts lanceolate acuminate, corolla large, joints many large
glabrescent. D. serriferum, Wall. Cat. 5708 B. BbJ m -

Central and East Himalayas, tropical and temperate zones. Kttmaon and Simla
to Assam and Khasia, ascending to 7000 ft. "*%•• » •

Branches slender, terete, soon glabrescent. Petiole l-l^in. ; leaflets membranous
or subcoriaceous, green, glabrous above, pale, thinly grey-silky beneath ; end one obo-
vate-oblong, usually twice as long as broad, narrowed gradually to a point, entire or
obscurely repand, 2-4 in. long. Racemes copious, short, moderately dose, axillary
and terminal, thelatter much panicled; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, ciliated, | in. long;
pedicels ascending, subglabrous f-1 in. Calyx ~ in., subglabrous; teeth very short.
Corolla £-5 in. Pod 2-3 in. long,"£ in. broad, shortly stalked; joints 6-10, rather
longer than broad.

Var. serriferum ; leaflets obtuse repand densely silky beneath, pedicels spread-
ing or deflexed £-| in. long clothed with spreading silky iiairs like the calyx. D
serriferum, Wall. Cat. 5708 A. D. polycarpum, Wall Cat. 5710, non PC— Nipal,
Wallich.

168 L. leguminoSjE. (J. G. Baker.) [Desmodium.

24. D. tiliae folium, G. Don. Gen. Syst. ii. 297 ; leaflets obtuse or sub-
acute densely hoary beneath, pedicels moderately long, bracts lanceolate, corolla
large, joints many thinly clothed with adpressed silky hairs. Wall. Cat. 5707.
D. nutans, Wall. Cat. 5706;.Bot. Mag. t. 2867. D. argenteum, Wall. Cat.
5713. Hedysarum tiliaefolium, Don Prodr. 244. .

All along the Himalayas from the Upper Punjab to Tavot, temperate and tro-
pical zones, ascending to 9000 ft.

Branches slender, terete, finely downy. Petiole 2-3 in ; leaflets thick, flexible,
subcoriaceous, green, glabrescent above, more or less densely persistently matted with
whitish silky hairs beneath ; end one broad obovate, 2-4 in. long, entire or obscurely
repand, base deltoid or rather rounded. Bacemes copious, lax, often a foot long, ax-
illary and terminal, the latter often copiously panicled, with lower branches again
compound ; pedicels J-§ in., ascending, finely downy. Calyx £ in., downy ; teeth del-
toid, shorter than the tube. Corolla §-^- in. Pod 2-3 in. long, \ in. broad ; joints
6-9, longer than broad.

***** Joints of pod as in the last group, but the calyx-teeth narrower and
longer. (Heteeolom A, Benth.)

t Leaves 1-foliolate. «

25. E>. flezaosum, Wall. Cat. 5691 ; leaflet membranous orbicular gla-
brous on the^ipper surface. Benth. PI. Jungh. 224.

Birma ; Prome hills, Wallich.

Stems slender, woody, flexuose, trailing, clothed throughout with spreading or de-
flexed bristly hairs. Leaflet 2-3 in. long and broad, obtuse, or obscurely cuspidate,
rounded or slightly cordate at the base, thinly coated^ with adpressed grey hairs be-
low ; petiole 1-1^- in. Bacemes terminal and lateral, distinctly peduncled, 2-3 in. long,
moderately close ; pedicels £ in., slender, ascending; bracts setaceous, minute. Calyx
~ in., bristly, teeth lanceolate. Corolla £ in. Pod glabrescent, 5-6-jointed, only
seen immature. . -,.

20. 3D. ':: c^zi g oticuza, DC. Prodr. ii. 327; leaflet membranous or sub-
coriaceous oblong entire acute glabrescent on the upper surface. Wall. Cat.
5689 ;&V. <y A. Prodr. 225 ; Wight Ic. 271 ; Date. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 66.
D. latifolium, Wight Ic. t. 272, non t. 270. Hedysarum gangeticimi, Linn. ;
Fl. Irtd. iii. 349. • H. collinum, Roxb. loc. cit.

Himalayas (ascending to 5000 ft. on the Chenab) to Pegu and Ceylon. — Distrie.
Trop. Africa, Malay isles, Philippines, China ; introduced in West Indies.

Stems . subercct, reaching 3-4 ft. high, woody, slightly angular, clothed with short
grey down upwards. Leaflet oblong, usually 3-6 in. long, not more than ^-^ as
broad, rounded at the base, narrowed gradually to an acute point, thinly clothed be-
>.neath with addressed grey hairs, not reticulato-venose ; petiole ^-1 in. Bacemes
"copious, ascending, lateral and terminal, the latter sublax, 6-12 in. long, simple or
with a few short ascending branches in the lower part; pedicels ^-5- in., ascending;
bracts minute, setaceous. Calyx under ~ in., finely downy; teeth lanceolate. Corolla
£-i in. Pod falcate, \-% in. long, T\-^ in. broad, 6-8-jointed, glabrescent or clothed
with minute hooked hairs.

Var. macidatum; dwarf, a foot or less high, leaflet roundish-cordate 1 in. or
less Ion?. Dill. Hort. Elth. t. 141, fig. 168. D. maculatum, DC. Prodr. ii. 327 ; Wall.
Cat. 5690. Hedysarum maculatum, Linn. Sp. PI. 1051. — Kohilcund, Upper Bengal,
&c.

'27. 35. latifolium, DC. Prodr. ii. 327;, leaflet ovate thick subcoriaceous
obscurely repand usually subobtuse persistently scabrous with adpressed bristly
hairs on"the upper surface. Wall. Cat. 5692 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 225 ; Wight Ic.
t. 270 ; Date. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 66. D. coUinum, Wall. Cat. 5693. D.

Desmodium.'] l. legumixos/E. (J. G. Baker.) 169

lasiocarpum, DC. loc. cit. I), virgatura, Zolling in Flora, 1847, 697. Iledysaruni
latifolium, Roxb. Hort. Bang. 57; Fl. Ind. iii, 350; Ker. Bot. Reft. t. 355.
Anarthrosyne cordata, Klotzsch in Peters Mossamb. Bot. 39, t. 7.

Himalayas (ascending to 4000 ft. in Sikkim) to Birma, Siam and Ceylon. — Dis-
trib. Trop. Africa, Madagascar, Malay isles, Philippines ; introduced in W. Indies.

An erect underslirub, 3-6 ft. high, with terete branches densely clothed with short
brown pubescence. Leaflets 3-6 in. long, 1^-2 as long, as broad, usually cordate or
truncate, rarely deltoid at the base, reticulato-venose, densely clothed with short soft
brown hairs beneath ; petiole \-^ in. Racemes copious, ascending, 2-6 in. long, ses-
sile or short-peduncled, spike-like, usually dense, axillary and terminal, the latter
compound; pedicels ~ in. or less, densely downy ; bracts minute, setaceous. Calyx
^ in. ; teeth linear-lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla 3-4 times calyx. Pod
^-f in. long, — in. broad, 4-6-joiuted, densely clothed with minute hooked hairs, the
upper suture slightly indented.

„ ft Leaves §-foliolate.

28. 32- Tbwaitesii, Baker ; herbaceous, stems slender terete, leaflets obo-
vate entire, bracts lanceolate-aciiniinate middle-sized, joints twice as long as
broad. D. strangulatum, var. minor, Thivaites Enum. 87.

Ceylon, Thivaites CP. 3327.

Stems a foot or more long, clothed upwards with dense spreading grey hairs. Petiole
£-<§ in. ; leaflets membranous, green, glabrous above, clothed below with short ad-
pressed grey hairs ; end one l-l£ in. long. Racemes few, long-peduncled, lateral and
terminal, lax, few-flowered ; pedicels |-§ in., spreading or ascending. Calyx under
~ in. ; teeth lanceolate. Corolla i in. Pod l-\\ in. by £ in. ; joints about 4, minutely
pubescent, scarcely constricted at the upper suture.— Habit of D. polycarpum var. iri-
chocaulon, from which it differs by its pod, long pedicels, and lax racemes.

20. I>. Wig'htii, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5718 ; herbaceous, stems slender an-
gular, leaflets ovate-oblong acute subrepand, bracts minute setaceous, joints small
as long as broad. W. §• A. Prodr. 226 ; Thivaites Enum. 87. D. AValkeri. Am.
Pug. 13. D. Pryoni, DC. Prodr. ii. 334? M

•r

Nilghiri Hills and Ceylon. ^fl

Stems erect, clothed when young with fine short spreading grey hairs. Stipules
large, lanceolate, acuminate, not amplexicaul ; petiole 1-li in. ; leaflets membranous
or subcoriaceous, green and smooth above, grey clothed with short adprossed hairs
beneath ; end one 2-4 in. long, narrowed gradually to a point. Racemes copious, lax.
lateral and terminal, the latter reaching a foot long, usually simple ; pedals \-\ in.,
ascending or spreading. Calyx i in. ; teeth lanceolate, longer than the tube. Corolla
3 times calyx. Pod \-§ in. long, under £ in. broad, glabrescent, 4-6-joiuted ; upper
suture distinctly indented. ' >H

3>. cMiFusum, DC. Prodr. ii. 336, non 335; herbaceous, gfa m ■.•>, stout
angular deeply sulcata, leaflets obovate entire, bracts minute lanceolate, joints
small as long as broad. W. 8r A. Prodr. 226; Wight Ic. t. 298. D. diclioto-
nium, DC. Prodr. loc. cftJ. D. Bdfcburghii, Wall. Cat. 5716. ' D.f Willdenovii,
G. Don Gen. Si/st. ii. 206. D. quinquangulare, Wight Ic. t. 203. Hedysarum
diffusum and dichotomum, Willd. Sp. PL iii. 1180. H. articulatiun and quin-
quangulatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 355.

Plains of the Western Peninsula, Bundelxund, Bengal and Prome, ascending
to 4000 ft, in the Vindhia chain (Edgeworth).

Stems 1-2 ft, long, diffuse, csespitose, prominently angled, clothed with spreading
grey hairs. Stipules large, leafy, amplexicaul, auricled ; petiole 1-li jn. ; leaflets

170 l. leguminous. (J. Gr. Baker.) [Desmoclium.

subcoriaceous, rather scabrous above, with obscure adpressed hairs, reticulato-venose,
finely grey-downy below ; end one obtuse, obovate, rarely roundish or oblong, 2-3 in.
long. Racemes copious, lateral and terminal, lax or moderately close, reaching a foot
long, the end one panicled ; pedicels £-£ in., pubescent, erecto-patent. Calyx Jj in. ;
teeth deep, setaceous. Corolla twice the calyx, the smallest of all the species. JPbd £-|
in. long, i-^ in. broad ; joints 4-6, densely clothed with minute spreading hooked grey
hairs ; upper suture distinctly indented. •

31. D. sequax, Wall. PI. As. Rar. t. 157 ; shrubby, branches terete,
leaflets ovate-oblong acute repand, bracts very minute, upper suture slightly in-
dented. Wall. Cat. 5712.

Along the Himalayas from Simla and Kumaon to Sikkim, alt. 4-7000 ft.

A shrub, reaching 2-30 ft. high, the branches clothed with dense short grey or
brown pubescence. Petioles 1-2 in.; leaflets subcoriaceous, subscabrous, with short
obscure adpressed hairs above, grey and more densely hairy beneath ; end one 3-5 in.
long, narrowed gradually to a point. Rac&mes copious, moderately lax, lateral and
terminal, 2-4 in. long, the end one panicled ; pedicels ^-\ in., downy, spreading or
ascending. Calyx ~ in. ; teeth lanceolate. Corolla 3 times calyx. Pod §-£ in. long,
y^ in. broad, 6-8-jointed, short -stalked, densely clothed with minute spreading
hooked hairs.

32. D. concinnum, DC. Prodr./ii. 335; shrubby, branches terete,
leaflets oblong entire obtuse, bracts large ovate, upper suture not indented, D.
pendulum, Wall. PI. As. JRar. t. 94. D. penduliflorum, Wall. Cat. 5727. D.
paucinervimn, DC. Prodi: ii. 336.

All along the Himalayas from the Upper Punjab to Silhet and Khasia, ascend-
ing to 7000 ft. in Simla. Pegu, McClelland.

A tall shrub, with slender drooping branches, densely clothed at first with short
grey pubescence. Petioles 4—1 in. ; leaflets subcoriaceous, green, smooth above, with
raised parallel main veins and clothed with adpressed grey or brownish silky hairs
beneath ; end one 2-3 in. long ; side ones smaller. Racemes copious, lax, lateral and
terminal, the latter often £-1 ft. long, usually simple ; pedicels h-$ in., ascending ;
bracts £-§ in., closely imbricated, densely silky. Calyx ^ in. ; teeth lanceolate-del-
toid. Corolla \--k in. Pod f-1 in. long, § in. broad, bhort-stalki-d, -i-6-jointed,
4flRfcr downy.

Vak. amcenum ; leaflets narrowed to an acute point, racemes most or all terminal.

amcennm, Wall. Cat. 5726. — Khasia and Silhet.

* Points of pod small, as long as broad, sometimes splitting along the lower
• suture straight, lower slightly constricted. Calyx-teeth long. (Nl-

.

33. "D. i-etroflexum, DC. Prodr. ii. 336; pedicels sharply reflexed,

•tially l-'bliolate, leaflet rotundato-cordate. D. orbiculatum, Wall. Cat.
5695. J >. blium, Wall. Cat. 5696. Uraria? styracifolia, W. # A. Prodr.

t>22. Iledysanmi retroflexum," Linn. Mont. 103. H. styracifolium, Linn. Mant.
103, r.on aliorum.

Assam, Silhet and Tkxasserim, tropical zone. — Distrik. China.

Branches terete, woody, clothed with short spreading hairs at first. Leaves sub-
coriaceous, 'thick, green, glabrous above, densely coated with adpressed white silky
hairs beneath, 1-2 in. long and broad ; side leaflets when present much smaller than
the end one ; petiole |-1 in., deflexed at tip. Racemes copious, simple, axillary and
, terminal, very dense, subsessile, an inch or less long ; bracts ovate, ciliated ; pedicels
£-£ in. Calyx -^ in., densely bristly. Corolla twice the calyx. Pod |-^ in. long,
obscurely hairy, under £ in. broad ; joints 3-5.

34. 2>. capitatum, DC. Prodr. ii. 336 ; leaflets always 3 obovate-cuneate,
pedicels sharply reflexed. D. obovatum, Wall. Cat. 5722* B. D. polycarpum,

Desmoclhim.'] l. leguminos^e. (J. G. Baker.) 171

W. 8f A. Prodr. 227, ex parte. Hedysarum. capitatum, Burm. Fl. Ind. 167, t.
64,' fig. 1. H. conicum, Poir. Encyc. vi. 419. Psendarthria capitata, Hassk.
PL Jav. Par. 390.

Ceylon, Burmann. Prome hills, Wallich. — Distrib. Malay isles, Philippines.

Branches woody, terete, argenteo-canescent when young. Petiole ~-l in. ; leaflets
snbeoriaceous, green, glabrescent above, densely persistently coated with adpressed
white silky hairs below; end one 1-1§ in. long, retuse. Racemes copious, axillary and
terminal, simple, dense, nearly sessile, 1-2 in. long ; pedicels ^-\ in. ; bracts small,
ovate-cuspidate, ciliated. Calyx ■— in. glabrescent ; teeth deep, setaceous. Corolla
twice the calyx. Pod £-f in. long, glabrescent, 4-6-jointed, £ in. broad.

35. D. Griffith! anuin, Benth. PI. Jungh. 222 ; herbaceous, trailing,
leaflets 3, pedicels deflexed at the tip, corolla small.

Ivhasia, alt. 4-6000 ft.. Griffith, HooJc.fil. 8c Thomson.

Stems 1-2 ft. long, moderately robust, densely clothed upwards with fine spread-
ing hairs. Petiole £-1 in. ; leaflets always 3, subcoriaceous, green, glabrous above,
clothed with short inconspicuous adpressed hairs beneath ; end one obovate-oblong, ob-
tuse, |-1 in. long. Racemes terminal, peduncled, 2-6 in. long, dense in the upper
part ; bracts 4-§ in, ovate-cuspidate, densely silky; pedicels £- £ in., silky, ereeto-pa-
teht. Calyx \ in., densely silky ; teeth deep, setaceous. Corolla twice the calyx. Pod
A--;v in. by ~ in., 4-5-jointed, obscurely downy.

30. Z>. brachystachyum, Grah. MSS. ; herbaceous, trailing, leaves
1-foliolate, pedicels reflexed at the tip. Benth. PI. Jungh. 223.

Upper Gangetic Plain, Hamilton, Edgeworth, $c.

.Stems coespitose, slender, a foot long, glabrous except at the top. Leaflets round-
or broad-oblong, cordate, 3-I5 in. long, obtuse or emarginate, subcoriaceous, glabrous
above, reticulato-venose and inconspicuous hairy below; petiole ^ in. Racemes copi-
ous, close, under 1 in.' long, axillary and terminal, nearly sessile ; bracts lanceolate,
under \ in. ; pedicel ^--£ in., abruptly cernuous at the tip, as in Uraria. Calyx ^ in.,
clothed all over with dense white hairs ; teeth long, lanceolato-cuspidate. Corolla
twice the calyx. Pod sessile, 2-jointed, glabrous, not longer than the calyx.

37. Z>. rufescens, DC. Prodr. ii. 335? erect, shrubby, leaflets 3, pedicels
finally spreading or cernuous, corolla large. W.\ 8r A. Prodr. 228 ; Wight let.
984 ; Must, t. 79. D. ferruginemn, Wall. Cat. 5732 ; Thivaites Enum. 87.

Nilghiris and Ceylon, up to 4000 ft.

An erect undershrub, with young branches densely clothed with short ferruginous
silky hairs. Petiole 1-1^ in.; leaflets subcoriaceous, glabrous above, more or less
densely argenteo-canescent beneath ; end one obovate-oblong, 1-2 in. long, obtuse,
with a mucro. Racemes usually terminal, 3-6 in. long, dense in. the upper part;
bracts ovate-acuminate, \- § in., densely silky ; pedicels 5— § in., densely silky. Calyx
£ in.; teeth lanceolate, exceeding the tube; lowest linear. Corolla §-^- in. Pod
short-stalked, 1-1J in. by ^ in., 6-8 -jointed, minutely downy. "•'

.38. £>. polycarpum, DC. Prodr. ii- 334; shrubby, suberect, leaflets 3,
pedicels ascending, corolla, bracts and joints of pod small. W. §• A. Prodr. 227 ;
; Wight Ic. t. 406,' wo,i Wall. : J: ah. $ Gihs. Bomb. Fl 66. L>. angulattim, Wall.
1 Cat. 5729 ex parte, non DC. I). ^\\\':[uA\-\\r.\. Wall. Cat. 57 '30/ D. siliquosum,
DC. Prodr. ii. 336. D. heterbearpum, J)C Prodr. ii. 337. D. retusum, G.
Don Gen, Si/st. ii. 297. D. gvroidos; I/assL PI -Jar. Bar. 362, non DC. D.
Buergeri, Miq. Ann. Mas. Liu/d. Bat. ii,i. 45. I). nervosum, Vogel. PI. Meyen,
28. D. patens, Wight Ic. t. 407:. Hedysarum polycarpum, Lam. III. t. 628.
II. siliquosum, Burm, Fl. Ind, 169, t. 55, fig. 2. II. heterocarpum, Linn, Sp. -
1054. II. purpureimi, Boxb. Ilori. Benq. 57; Fl. Ind. iii. 358. II. retusum,
Don Prod. 243. H. pa:ens, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 362.

172 l. leguminoSjE. (J. G. Baker.) [Desmodium.

Himalayas, (ascending to 5000 ft.) and everywhere in the plain to Bikma,
Malacca and Cexlon. — Distrib. Zanzibar, Malay isles, Philippines, China, Japan,
Polynesia.

An erect or suberect undershrub, with woody slightly angular slender branches,
clothed upwards with short adpressed grey hairs. Petiole £-1 in. ; leaflets subcoria-
ceous, green, glabrous above, thinly clothed with adpressed grey hairs beneath ; end one
obovate-oblong, obtuse, 1-3 in. long ; side ones smaller. Racemes terminal and lateral,
close, short-pednncled, 1-3 in. long, the end one sometimes branched ; bracts |~| in. ;
pedicels £-£ in., glabrous. Calyx -^ in> 5 teeth acuminate, exceeding tube. Corolla
under \ in. Pod A-f in. long, |- in. br., glabrescent or minutely downy, 5-8 -joipted.

Var. trichocaulon ; stems densely clothed upwards or throughout with spreading
grey hairs, bracts larger. D. trichocaulon, DC. Prodr. ii. 335. D. tenue, Grah. in
Wall. Cat. 5731. D. serpens, Wall. Cat. 5733. D. angulatum, Wall. Cat. 5720,
B, D, F, ex parte, non DC. D. distans, Boyle MSS. — Kange of the type, ascending to
7000 ft. in Kumaon.

39. Z>. jucundum, Thiuaites Enum. 411 ; shrubby, erect, leaflets 3, pedi-
cels ascending, corolla bracts and joints of pod large.

Ceylon ; Matelle district, Thwaites.

An erect much-branched undershrub, the young stems densely clothed with short
ferruginous silky hairs. Leaves coriaceous, the under side densely coated with ad-
pressed grey or pale brown silky hairs, the main veins much raised ; end one obovate-
oblong, obtuse, 1^—3 in. long ; base subcuneate ; petiole |— 1 in. Racemes terminal,
peduncled, 4-6 in. long, close upwards ; bracts § in., ovate, silky ; pedicels ^ in.
Calyx ^ in ; teeth lanceolate, acuminate, exceeding tube. Corolla | in. Pod l-l|- in.
by £ in. ; joints 4-6, rather longer than broad, minutely downy.

40. X>. rotundifolium, Baker, non Wall. ; annual, stems very slender,
leaves 1-foliolate, leaflet orbicular, racemes very lax few-flowered, pedicels
ascending, corolla exserted. Alysicarpus rotimdifolius, Balzell MSS.

Plains of Concan, Dr. Ritchie.

Stems erect, under a foot high, with many ascending branches, thinly clothed with
fine short spreading hairs. Leaflet round, A— § in. long, obtuse or obscurely cuspidate,
slightly cordate, membranous, grey-green below with only a few obscure adpressed
hairs ; petiole ^— h in. Racemes copious, terminal and lateral, the former forked,
3-4 in. long, the lower flowers in distant pairs, upper solitary ; pedicels ^-f in. long,
arcuate, finely pubescent. Calyx \ in., thinly hairy; teeth linear-setaceous, very
deep. Pod \-^ in. long, under ~ in. broad, falcate ; joints 3-5, glabrescent, reticu-
lato-venose.

41. E&. p arviflo ram, Baker ; annual, stems very slender, leaves oblong
1- and 3-foliolate intermixed^ racemes very lax many-flowered, pedicels ascend-
ing, corolla included. Alvsicarpus parviflorus, Dak. in Hook. Kew Joum. iii.
^11 ; Bala. <y Gibs.. Bomb. Flora, 65.

Plains of ConCax, Daizell,* Ritchie. Anamallay forest, Wight.

Stems diffuse, 1-2 »ft. long, much^ branched, clothed with short spreading grey
hairs. Leaflets membranous, mostly simple, oblong,' l-l£ in. long, obtuse or subacute,
subcordate, with only a few adpressed grey hairs beneath ; side ones, if present, much
smaller ; petiole £— i | in. Racemes usually terminal, simple, 4-8 in. long, the lower
flowers in distant pairs; pedicels capillary, ^-f| in., finely downy; bracts ^ in., lan-
ceolate-cuspidate. Calyx jr in., clothed with short bristly hairs'; teeth setaceous, very
long. Pod sessile, falcate, ~-l in. by y^in., 4-6-jointed, 'glabrescent.

42. J>. auricomum, Grah. in Wall. Cta.5704; annual, stems very slender,
leaves all "1-foliolate, racemes very lax few-Llowered, pedicels ascending, corolla
included. Beuth. PI. Jwiujh. 223 ; "Kurz in Juunt. Asiat. Soc. Bent/, xlii. 2, 230.

Plains of Martaban and Tenasserim, Wallich, Heifer, Parish, Kurz.

Desmodium.] l. leguminos2B. (J. Gr. Baker.) 173

Steins csespitose, diffuse, l-l£ ft., densely clothed throughout with spreading brown
silky hairs. Leaves subcoriaceous, pale green, nearly glabrous beneath ; end leaflet
obovate-oblong, obtuse, $*£ in. long ; side ones smaller ; petiole \ in. Racemes ter-
minal, 2-3 in. long, the lower flowers in distant pairs, upper solitary ; pedicels J-f in. ;
bracts lanceolate, \ in. Calyx £ in., shaggy with silky hairs, like those of the stem;
teeth linear-setaceous, very long. Pod sessile, silky, under ^ by ^ in., 4-5-jointed.

Stjbgen. 7. Sagotia, Walp. Trailing herbs, with small 3-foliolate sti-
pellate leaves, flowers in sparse lax racemes or 1-2 in the axils of the leaves,
deciduous bracts and distinctly jointed pods.

* Flmcers all 1-3 together without a common peduncle in the axils of the
leaves.

43. B. triflorum, DC. Prodr. ii. 334; Wall. Cat 5734 excl. F. ex parte ,-
Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. xv. 95, t, 26 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 67. D. tri-
florum 0. minus, W. $ A. Prodr. 229 ; Wight Ic. t. 292. D. heterophyllum,
Wall. Cat. 5701 0. Iledysarum triflorum, Linn. ; Roxb. Hort. Bern/. 57 ; FL
Ind. iii. 353. II. stipulaceum, Burm. Fl. Ind. t. 54 , fig. 2. Nicolsonia reptans,
Meissn. in Linn. xxi. 260. Sagotia triflora, Walp. %■ Duch. in Linn, xxiii.
738.

Everywhere in the plains throughout India, ascending to 4000 ft. in Kumaon and
6-7000 ft. in Kashmir and on the Chenab. — Distrib. Cosmopolitan in tropics.

Stems csespitose, very slender, trailing \-\\ ft., copiously branched, clothed with
fine spreading hairs. Stipules lanceolate, persistent; petiole \-\ in. ; leaflets obovate,
£-^ in., truncate or emarginate, with a few adpressed hairs below. Pedicels ^— | in.
Calyx pubescent, ~- 1 in. ;" teeth very long, setaceous. Pod |— ^ in. long, | in. br.,
3-5-jointed, pubescent ; upper suture straight, lower slightly indented. v-^*

** Flozcers some racemed, the others pedicelled in the axils of the leaves.

44. D. reniforme, DC. Prodr. ii. 327; leaves 1-foliolate, leaflet broader
than long, calyx-teeth and pedicels short. Wall. Cat. 5702 ; W. § A. Prodr.
230 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 67. Hedysarum reniforine, Linn. Sp. 1051 ;
Burm. Fl. Ind. t. 52, fig. 1.

East Himalayas, Lobb ; Prome, Ava on the Banks of the Irrawaddi, Wallich ;
Western Peninsula, Wight. — Distrib. Java.

Stem 1 ft. or more long, very slender, glabrous. Leaflet rigidly subcoriaceous,
half as broad again as long., £-f in. long, truncate or emarginate, glabrous ; stipules
linear, minute, deciduous; petiole ^ in., jointed at the apex. Racemes mostly ter-
minal, laxly 10-20-flowered and a few flowers, solitary in the axils of the leaves;
bracts linear, minute ; pedicels ^— £ in., finally cernuous. Calyx under ■— in., turbinate,
glabrous. Pod glabrous, £-f in. by £ in. ; joints 3-5, longer than broad ; upper suture
straight, lower little indented.

45. B. heterophyllum, DC. Prodr. ii. 334 ; leaves 3-foliolate, calyx-
teeth and pedicels elongated. Wall. Cat. 5701, A, B, D. D'. triflorum a.
majus, W. # A. Prodr. 229 ; Wight Ic. t. 291. D. triflorum, Wall. Cat. 5734,
F, ex parte. D. cftspitosura, DC. Prodr. ii. 333. Hedysariun heterophvllum,
Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 0201. II. reptans, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 57 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 354.
Dicerma repens, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5740.

East Himalayas, tropical zone; KhAsia and Assam and along the gulf to Penaxg
and Malacca. Plains of Peninsula and Ceylon.— Distrib. Malay isles, China, Phi-
lippines, Mascarene isles.

Stems 1-2 ft. long, copiously branched, clothed with dense spreading hairs. Sti-
pides ^ in., lanceolate-acuminate, persistent- petiole -$— £ in., pubescent; leaflets

174 l. leguminosje". (J. G. Baker.) [Desmodium.

oblong or obovate-oblong, ^-1 in. long, hairy beneath. Flowers solitary or geminate
" in leaf-axils and up to 6 in copious lax racemes ; bracts rather large, lanceolate, de-
ciduous ; pedicels i-f in. Calyx ^ in., densely hairy ; teeth very long, setaceous.
Pod £-3 in., long, ^-£ in. broad, glabrescent ; joints 4-5, as broad as long ; upper
suture straight, lower considerably indented.

*** Flowers all in lax ?-acemes.

46. Z>. Itottleri, Baker, non G. Don-, stipules much shorter than the
petiole, calvx-teeth short, joints 1-2, constriction between them very deep.
D. pf aemorsum, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5703 ? Eleiotis Rottleri, W $ A. Prodr.
231. Iledysarum orbiculatum, Rottler MSS. Oxydium species, Bennett PL
Jav. Par. 156. Stylosanth.es facie oxalidea, Wall. Cat. 5974.

Plains of Mysore, Bottler ; Prome, Wallich.

Stems 1 ft. or more long, copiously branched, finely downy at first. Stipules linear-
setaceous, minute ; petiole i-f in. ; leaflets 3, obovate, f-§ in. long and broad, trun-
cate or emarginate, with a few adpressed hairs beneath. Racemes copious, axillary
and terminal, long-peduncled, laxly 6-8-flowered ; bracts boat-shaped, hiding the buds ;
pedicels \- g- in. Calyx i in., campanulate ; teeth subdeltoid, joints \ in. long,
twice as long as broad, the constriction from below reaching nearly to the straight
upper suture.

47. £>. parvifolium, DC. Prodr. ii. 334 ; stipules as long as the petiole,
calyx-teeth long setaceous, joints 3-4 with shallow constrictions between them.

Wall. Cat. 5700 ; ^ W. # A. Prodr. 229. D. scoparium, Wall. Cat. 5699. D.
microphyllum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 239, an DC? D. stipulaceum, Hassle. PI.
Jav. Par. 361. Iledysarum tenellimi, Don Prodr. 243, non Kunth.

■
Everywhere in the plains, from the Himalayas to Ceylon and Ava, ascending to

the temperate region, reaching 7000 ft. in Kumaon. — Distrib. Malay isles, China,

Japan.

Ste?ns densely csespitose and branched, wide-trailing, at first pubescent. Stipules
£ in., linear-setaceous, persistent ; leaflets oblong or obovate, pubescent below, often
not more than £— J in. long, sometimes f-| in. Racemes copious,' but usually terminal
on the short branches, laxly 6-10-flowered; bracts boat-shaped, deciduous; pedicels
^-i in., permanently ascending. Calyx i-£ in., densely pubescent. Pod \-\ in. by
-^ in., finely downy ; joints as broad as long ; both sutures distinctly indented.

Var. macrocarpum ; pod larger quite ^ in. broad, the sutures less indented, the
upper one nearly or quite straight. — Assam and Khasia, Griffith, Hook. fil. $
Thomson.

Sttbgen. 8. Pleurolobium, DC. Erect undershrubs, with large leaves,
racemose flowers and indistinctly jointed pods dehiscing in a continuous line
along the ventral suture. — An aberrant group, which perhaps should be consi-
dered a distinct genus.

Qihit

usually 4-6

Wall. Cat. 5725 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 227 ; Wight Ic. t. 294. Hedysarum gyrans,
Linn. ; Jacq. Ic. t. 562 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 351. Pseudarthria "gyrans, Hassk.
PI. Jav. Rar. 391. Codariocalyx gyrans, Hassle, in Walp. Rep. ii. 891.

All along the Himalayas from Hazara to Assam, ascending to 7000 ft. ; Western
Peninsula, Ceylon, Ava, Pegu, Tenass*Rim. — Distrib. Malay isles, Philippines.

An undershrub, 3-4 ft. high, with sdbterete glabrous branches. Petiole §— ^ in.;
leaflets 1-3, subcoriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, obtuso, with a little incon-
spicuous pubescence beneath ; side ones, if present, very small, moving by jerks.
Racemes axillary and terminal, the latter copiously panicled, at first short, the flowers

Desmodium.'] l. leguminos^. (J. Gr. Baker.) 175

hidden by the large ovate deciduous bracts, finally 3-6 in. long ; pedicels \ in., patent,
finely downy. Calyx ~ in., campanulate ; teeth deltoid, shorter than the tube.
Corolla \ in. Pod l-l£ in. long, £-£ in. broad, falcate, 6-10-jointed, straight along
the upper, slightly indented along the lower suture.

Var. Roylei; end-leaflet 3-4 in. long twice as long as broad, corolla rather
larger. D. Eoylei, W. § A. Prodr. 227-

^49Vp. ffyroidesj DC.jProdr. ii. 326 ; branches woody, end leaflet 2-3
times as lon«r as broad, pod loosely but copiously pubescent. Wall. Cat. 5728 ;
W. 8f A. Prodr. 227. D. pseudogyroides, Miq. Flor. Lncl Bat. i. 244. Hedy-
sarum gyroides, Roxb. Hart. Beng. 57. Oodariocalyx gyroides, Hassh. in Flora,
1842, biebl. ii. 49. 0. conicus, Hassk. in Walp. Rep. i. 744. Pseudarthria poly-
carpa, Hassh. PI. Jav. Rar. 393 (excl. syn,).

Central and East Himalayas, tropical region ; Gurwhal to Khasia and Cachar ;
Upper Bengal, Pegu, Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay isles.

Closely allied to. the last, but decidedly shrubby, reaching 8-10 ft. in height.
Leaves obtuse, oblong or obovate-oblong. thinly or densely pubescent beneath ; side ones
often suppressed. Racemes shorter and the terminal ones not so copiously panicled ;
bracts under \ in. long, narrowed suddenly at the point. Corolla § in., both standard
and keel broader. Pod similar, except in vestiture.

51. ABRUS, Linn.

Climbing shrubs. Leaves with numerous deciduous leaflets. Flotoers small,
in dense racemes on axillary peduncles or short branches. Calyx campanulate,
equal ; teeth very short. Corolla much exserted ; standard ovate, acute, adhering
below to the staniinal tube ; wings narrow ; keel arcuate. Stamens 9, unj
a tube slit above, the tenth absent ; anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile,
ovuled ; style short, incurved, beardless, stigma Capitate. Pod oblong or linear-
oblong, flat or turgid, moderately firm, thinly septate. — Distrib. Species 5 ;
cosmopolitan in the tropics.

1. A. precatorius, Linn.; DC. Prodr. ii. 381; branches and leaves
beneath glabrous or thinly silky, leaflets ligulate-oblong, pod oblong turgid 3-5-
seeded. Roxb. Fl. Ind.' ni. 258; Wall. Cat. 5818; W. # A. Prodr. 236;
Dak. §• Gibs, Bomb. Fl. 70. A. minor and pauciflorus, Desv. in Ann. Sc. Nat.
ix. 41%.—Rheede Hort. Mai. viii. t. 39.

Himalayas to Ceylon and Siam, ascending to 3500 ft. — Distrib. Cosmopolitan in
the tropics, often planted.

A copiously-branched climber, with slender branches. Leaves 2-3 in. long;
leaflets 20-40, membranous, deciduous, |— f in. by £ -£ in. Racemes many-flowered,
crowded, usually shorter than the leaves. Calyx ~ in., thinly silky. Corolla red-
dish or white, 3-4 times the calyx. Pod 1-1$ in. by f-4 in. Seeds bright scarlet and
black, black, or whitish, or mixed black and white, as large as a pea.

2. A. pulchellus, Wall. Cat. 5819 ; branchlets and leaves beneath glab-
rous or thinly silky, leaflets ligulate-oblong, pod linear flat incurved 9-12-
seeded. Thicaites Enum. 91. A. lsevigatus, E. Meyer ; Harv. Fl. Cap. ii. 263.
A. melanospermus, Hassle, ; Miq. Fl. 2nd. Bat. i. 159. A. acutifolius, Blume ;
Miq. Fl. 2nd. Bat. i. 160.

Kumaon to Chittagong,
Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay isles, Guinea, Natal, KalFraria.

General habit exactly of A. precatorius. Leaves 3-4 in. long ; leaflets 24-30, similar
in texture, f-lj in. by J-f in. Racemes more numerously flowered, on longer pedun-
cles. Calyx and corolla similar. Pod incurved, 2-2£ in. by £ in., with thinner
smooth valves.

176 l. LEGUMIN0S5). (J. Gr. Baker.) [Abnts.

3. A. fruticulosus, Wall. Cat. 5820; branchlets and leaves densely
silkv, leaflets minute ligulate-linear, pod linear-oblong- flattish 4-6-seeded. W.
$ A. Prodr. 236 ; Wight Ic. t. 33. . ^

Forests of Mysore and the Carnatic, tropical region.

Branches more slender than in the two others. Leaves and leaflets much smaller,
the latter 20-50, ^-£ in. by ^^in., densely silky on both sides, or glabrescent above.
Racemes few-flowered, exceeding the leaves. Calyx ± in. thinly silky; teeth distinct.
P,od 1-lf in. by f in. ; valves thin, at first densely silky. *

52. CICER, Linn.

Annual herbs. Leaves pinnate, rigid ; leaflets and stipules strongly veined,
deeply toothed. Floivers solitary in the axils of the leaves. Calyx-tube oblique ;
teeth lanceolate, subequal. Corolla exserted ; standard broad, exceeding the
wings and keel. Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, 2 or
many-ovuled ; style incurved beardless, stigma capitate. Pod sessile, oblong,
turgid, narrowed into the persistent style. — Distrib. Species 7, Mediterranean
and West and Central Asian, one widely cultivated.

l.C. arietinum, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 354 ; leaflets close oblanceolate
or oblong, corolla scarcely half as long again as the calyx/ pubescence of pod
short and fine. JRoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 324; Wall. Cat. 5949; W. cy A. Prodr.
235 ; Wight Lc. t. 20 ; Pot. Mag. t. 2274 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 560.

Commonly cultivated in the northern provinces and Nilghiris. — Distrib. Cultivated
in various temperate and tropical countries.

^%fciscose much-branched annual. Leaves l-2]in., with usually a terminal leaflet ;
stipules small, with a few long teeth. Peduncle ^~| in. Calyx \-^ in. ; teeth linear,
2-3 times the tube. Pod oblong, f-1 in.

2. C. soong-aricum, Steph.; DC. Prodr. ii. 354; leaflets lax obovate-
cuneate, corolla twice the calyx, pubescence of pod dense. Jaub. § Spach III.
PL Or. t. 43 B. O. microphyllum, Benth. in Royle III. 200. O. Jacquemontii,
Jaub. 8f Spach in Ann. Sc. Nat. ii. 18, 231 ; Boiss. FL Orient, ii. 563.

Western Himalayas, temperate and alpine region, alt. 9-15,000 ft. ; Piti, Lahul,
Ktjmaon, Tibet, &c. — Distrib. Orient, Afghanistan, Songaria.

A very diffuse annual, with wiry finely pubescent or subglabrous stems. Leaves
3-4 in. long, ending in a spiral tendril; leaflets in 10-12 pairs, growing gradually
smaller upwards, subcoriaceous, strongly veined; stipules §-J in., deeply sharply pal-
matifid. Pedicels 1| in., with a large bract at the curve. Calyx very gibbous, f- in. ;
teeth lanceolate, 2-3 times the tube. Pod linear-oblong, 1 in. long.

53. VZCXA, Linn.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves equally pinnate, ending in twisted
tendrils. Floivers subsessile, or in peduncled racemes in the axils of the leaves.
Calyx-tube campanulate, often oblique ; teeth long, often unequal. Corolla more
or less exserted ; standard broad ; keel shorter than the wings. Stamens dia-
delphous, the mouth of the sheath very oblique ; anthers uniform. Ovary
nearly sessile, 2- or many-ovuled ; style short, filiform or slightly flattened,
stigma capitate. Pod flattish, continuous within. — Disteib. Species 180, spread
principally through the north temperate zone.

Subgen. 1. Errum, Linn, ex parte. Annuals, with flowers in sparse
peduncled Tacemes, rarely solitary. Style finely downy all round near the tip.

Vicia.'} l. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) 177

1. V. tetrasperma, Moench Meth. 148 ; stems glabrous, peduncles
1-2-flowered, pods glabrous 3-4-seeded. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 596. Ervum
tetraspermmn, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 367.

North-west Himalayas, temperate region, rare ; Kumaon, &c. — Thomson, Edge-
worth, &c. — Distrib. Europe, Orient, &c. ,

Stems very slender, copiously branched. Leaves about 1 in. long ; leaflets 3-4 pairs,
obtuse or acute, i-| in. long. Flowers on copious axillary peduncles about as long as
the leaves. Calyx ~ in. Corolla lilac, distinctly exserted. Pod linear-oblong,
\ in.

2. V. hirsuta, Koch Synops. 191 ; stems pubescent, peduncles 3-6-flowered,
pods hairy 2-seeded. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 595. Ervum hirsutum, Linn. ; W.8c A.
Prodr. 2H5 j, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 323. E. filiforme, Roxb. in Wall. Cat. 5955.
E. Lens, Wall. Cat. 5954 0.

North-west Provinces, from the Punjab to Nipal, in the tropical and temperate
region, frequent in cultivated grounds, ascending to 6000 ft. ; Nilghiris. — Distrib.
Europe, Orient, &c.

Stems rather stronger than in the last. Leaves longer, ending in an intricate ten-
dril ; leaflets 5-8 pairs, ~-l in., truncate. Peduncles shorter than the leaves. Corolla
smaller, scarcely exserted from the calyx. Pod ^-| in. long, oblique, more turgid,
finally black.

Stjbgen. 2. Cracca. Perennials with numerous flowers in peduncled
racemes. Style finely downy all round near the tip.

3. V. tenera, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5928 ; leaflets 12-16 distant narrow
ligulate, racemes laxly many-flowered as long as their peduncles, lower calyx-
teeth linear-subulate, corolla small pale. Benth. in Boyle III. 200. »

Western Himalayas ; Simla, G-tjrwhal, Kumaon, alt. 3-8000 ft. ; Silhet, Wallich.

A slender straggling subglabrous climber. Leaves 2-3 in, long ; leaflets mem-
branous, f-1 in. by ~-£ in. broad, acute, finely silky beneath ; stipules small, deeply
toothed. Racemes 6-20-flowered, 1-2 in. long. Calyx i in., subglabrous ; teeth
very unequal, upper deltoid. Corolla § in. Pod oblique, linear, glabrous, rostrate,
\\ in. long, 6-8-seeded.

4. V. tenuifolia, Roth; DC. Prodr. ii. 358; leaflets 20-24 narrow
ligulate distant, racemes 20-40-flowered elongated long-peduncled, lower calyx-
teeth lanceolate, corolla middle-sized deep blue. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 586. V.
Oracca, Benth. in Royle III. 200, not Linn.

North-west Himalayas, temperate region ; Chenab valley, 6-8000 ft., Thomson.
West Tibet, Falconer. —Distrib. Europe.

A subglabrous climber, a yard or more high. Leaves 4-6 in. long ; leaflets acute,
membranous, silky beneath, l^-lf in. long ; stipules linear, with a single tooth. Racemes
copious, reaching, as do the peduncles, \ ft. long. Calyx subglabrous, £ in. ; teeth very
unequal, all shorter than the tube, upper deltoid. Corolla |-| in. Pod 1 in. long, with
a stalk as long as the calyx-tube.

5. V. mollis, Benth. MSS. ; leaflets 16-20 close narrow ligulate, racemes
few-flowered close short-peduncled, lower calyx-teeth linear, corolla large
yellowish.

Valley of the Kishengunga, Winterbottom.

A suberect perennial, with the habit of V. septum, with stems clothed with fine
spreading hairs. Leaves l|-2 in. long ; leaflets §-£ in. long, obtuse, clothed on both
surface with adpressed, silky hairs ; stipules broad, subentire. Racemes from the
upper axils only, secund, an inch long. Calyx £ in., densely silky ; teeth all linear,
lower as long as the tube, upper shorter. Cordla nearly 1 in. long.

VOL. II. F

178 L. LEGUMiNOSiE. (J. G. Baker.) \Vicia.

6. V. pallida, Turcz. ; Led. Fl. Ross. i. 673; leaflets 16-24 distant
linear-oblong membranous, racemes long-pedunclecl laxly many-flowered, lower
calyx-teeth deltoid-cuspidate, corolla pale lilac middle-sized. V. sylvatica,
Benth. in Royle III. 200, not Linn.

West Himalayas, temperate region ; Kashmir to Kumaon, 4-9000 ft. — Distrib.
Siberia.

A tall straggling glabrous climber, with the habit of V. sylvatica. Leaves 2-4 in,
long, ending in tendrils; leaflets obtuse, |-f in., the upper growing gradually
shorter; stipules small, narrow, deeply toothed. Racemes 12-20-flowered, onV
peduncles 1-4 in. long. Calyx £ in., glabrous, membranous; all the teeth much
shorter than the tube. Corolla \ in. Pod 1-1| in. long, flat, glabrous, oblique, dis-
tinctly-stalked, 5-6-seeded.

7. V. G-riffithii, Baker ; leaflets 12-16 distant linear-oblong membran-
ous, racemes peduncled laxly 2-4-flowered, lower calyx-teeth lanceolate, corolla
lilac middle-sized.

Punjab, at Eawul Pindee and Futteyjung, Dr. Aitchison. — Distrib. Afghanistan,
Griffith, 1114.

A straggling annual, 1-2 ft. high, with slender stems, finely silky at first, soon
glabrescent. Leaves about 2 inches long; leaflets obtuse, scattered, £-£ in. broad, ob-
scurely silky ; stipules deltoid, deeply palmately laciniated. Racemes about as long
as the leaves. Calyx £ in. long, rather silky, the lower teeth half as long as the tube,
the upper deltoid. Corolla more than § in. Pod above 1 in. long, oblong, flat, gla-
brous, veined, 5-6-seeded.

8. V. rig-idula, Royls III. 200 ; leaflets 10-12 subdistant oblong venose,
racemes 6-20-flowered close long-peduncled, calyx-teeth all very short, corolla
large reddish. Lathyrus himalensis, Camb. in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. i. 44, t. 53.
V. dumetorum, Benth. in Royle III. 200 ?

West Himalayas, temperate region ; Kashmir to Kumaon, 7-9000 ft.

A subglabrous or finely downy climber, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves 2-3 in. long, ending
in intricate tendrils ; leaflets obtuse, f -1 in. long, firmer in texture than in the others,
finely silky beneath, with veins raised like those of a Tephrosia ; stipules small, half-
hastate, deeply-toothed. Peduncles 2-3 in. long. Calyx §-| in., glabrous ; pedicels
longer than in the others, fully £ in. Corolla 3-4 times the length of the calyx. Pod
linear, glabrous, on a stalk nearly as long as the calyx, 5-6-seeded.

Subgen. 8. Suvicia. Annuals or perennials, with the style conspicuously
bearded on the lower side at the tip.

9. V. sativa, Linn; DC. Prodr. ii. 360; annual, leaflets multijugate of
upper leaves ligulate, flowers solitary or geminate not racemed. Roxb. Fl. Ind.
iii. 323 ; Wall. Cat. 5957 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 574.

North-west Provinces, ascending from the plains of Bengal to 7500 ft. in
Kumaon, probably always cultivated.

Stents slender, suberect, glabrous or obscurely downy. Leaflets 8-12, of upper
leaves f-1 in. long, of lower shorter, broader ; stipules small, obliquely lanceolate,
deeply toothed. Calyx § in. ; teeth lanceolate-subulate. Corolla red-blue, twice the
calyx. Pod glabrescent, li— 2 in. long, 8-10-seeded.

Var. angustifolia, Roth (Sp.), dwarfer, diffuse, leaflets shorter of lower leaves
deeply emarginate at apex, flowers and pod smaller. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 574. V.
Bobartii, Forst. in Linn. Trans, xvi. 442. V. pallida, Jacquem. MSS. (a yellow flowered
form). Plains of the north-west, a native. — Distrib. Europe, Orient.

10. V. peregrina, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 362 ; annual, leaflets multiju-
gate ligulate, flowers solitary. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 576.

Vicia.'] l. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) 179

Plains of Punjab, Aitchison. — Distrib. Europe, Orient.

Stems slender, glabrous, diffuse. Leaflets 10-12, alternate or opposite, £-1 in. long ;
stipules minute, bifid, with linear divisions. Flowers solitary, on short pedicels in the
axils of the leaves. Calyx \ in. ; teeth lanceolate, the upper shorter, curved upwards.
Corolla purplish-red, twice the calyx. Pod linear-oblong, deflexed, glabrescent, rather
recurved, l-\\ in. long, 5-6-seeded.

11. V. sepium, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 364 ; perennial, leaflets multijugate
oblong, racemes subsessile 2-6-flowered. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 568.

Kashmir, temperate region. — Distrib. Europe, Orient, Siberia.

Stems finely downy, suberect, 1-2 ft. Stipules small, deeply toothed ; leaflets
10-12, membranous, truncate, ^—1 in. long. Racemes very close, secund, confined to
the axils of the u£per leaves. Calyx g- in., glabrous or downy ; teeth deltoid-cuspi-
date, much shorter than the tube. Corolla reddish, twice the calyx. Pod linear-ob-
long, oblique, rostrate, glabrous, 1 in. long, 6-10 -seeded.

12. V. narbonensis, Linn.; DC. Prodr. ii. 364; leaflets large of lowest
leaves 2 of upper 4-6 obovate, racemes subsessile 2-6-flowered. Boiss. FL
Orient, ii. 568.

Punjab, near Peshawur, Vicary, perhaps introduced. — Distrib. S. Europe, Orient,
probably the original of the cultivated Bean.

A stout suberect annual, 1-1 j foot high, glabrous or finely downy. Stipules large,
deeply toothed : leaflets 1-2 in. long, entire in our plant. Calyx § in. ; lower teeth,
lanceolate, as long as tube ; upper deltoid. Corolla purple, more than twice the calyx.
Pod 1^-2 in. long, downy, 6-7-seeded.

ErvumLens, Linn. ; Wall. Cat. 5954 (Cicer Lens, Willd.; Eoxb. El. Ind. iii. 324)
the common Lentil, and Vicia Faba, Linn. ; Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 323 ; Wall. Cat. 5951,
the Bean, are commonly cultivated, especially in the North-West Provinces.

Vicia benghalensis, Linn, seems to be the Mediterranean V. atropurpurea, Desf.,
and to have no claim to be regarded as an Indian plant.

54. LATHYRUS, Linn.

Annual or perennial herbs, with equally pinnate leaves, ending in » tendril or
"bristle. Floivers racemed or solitary. Calyx-tube campanulate, oblique ; teeth
long or upper short. Corolla more or less exserted ; standard broad ; keel shorter
than the wings. Stamens diadelphous, the mouth of the tube not oblique ; an-
thers uniform. Ovary subsessile or stalked, many-ovuled ; style flattened,
"bearded on the inner side, stigma capitate. Pod terete or flattish, continuous
within. — Distrib. Species described 170, spread principally through all the north
temperate zone.

Subgex. 1. Eulathyrus. Petiole terminated by a long tendril.

1. Zi. Aphaca, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 372 ; annual, leaflets abortive,
flowers 1-2 on a long peduncle. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 322 ; Wall. Cat. 5952 ;
Benth. in Boyle III. 200 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 602.

Spread through the northern provinces, ascending from the plains of Bengal to the
temperate zone in Hazara, Kashmir and Kumaon. — Distrib. Europe, Orient, Abyssinia.

Stems slender, wingless, much branched. Stipules in pairs adpressed to the stem,
leaf-like, entire, truncate, hastate. Peduncle 2-3 times the stipule. Calyx jiu. ; teeth
equal, lanceolate, exceeding the tube. Corolla yellow, twice the calyx. Pod linear-
oblong, wingless, 4-6-seeded.

2. Xi. sativus, Linn,; DC. Prodr. ii. 373; annual, stems winged, leaflets

n2

180 L. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) [Lathyrus.

2 linear or lanceolate, flowers solitary, pods oblong winged on the back. Roxb.
Fl. Ind. iii. 321 ; Wall. Cat. 5953 ; Benth. in Royle III. 200 j Boiss. Fl. Orient.
ii. 60G.

Spread through the northern provinces, ascending from the plains of Bengal to
4000 ft. in Kumaon. Often cultivated. — Distrib. Europe, Orient, Trop. Africa.

Glabrous, much branched. Stipules broad, entire ; petiole winged ; leaflets |— ^ in.
broad. Peduncle rather longer than the petiole. Calyx §— | in. ; teeth lanceolate,
subequal, twice the tube. Corolla f in., red, bluish or white. Pod 1£ in., long, glab-\
rous, 4-5-seeded, the dorsal suture with a narrow spreading wing on each side.

The allied L. tingitanus, Linn., also much cultivated, with oblong leaflets and a
linear many-seeded pod, is included in the set of Nilghiri plants distributed by Ho-
henacker, but has no claim to be considered a native.

3. L. sphsericus, Retz. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 372 ; annual, stems wingless,
leaflets 2 narrow-linear, flowers solitary, pods linear wingless many-seeded.
Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 613. L. angulatus, Benth. in Royle III. 200.

North-West Provinces, ascending from Bundelkund and the Puncab to 5500 ft. in-
Kumaon. — Distrib. Europe, Orient, Abyssinia.

Stems glabrous, very slender, very copiously branched. Stipules linear, caudate ;
petiole 5— £ in., winged ; leaflets very narrow, reaching 3 in. long. Peduncle shorter
than or a little exceeding the petiole, with a conspicuous linear bracteole. Calyx
under £ in. ; teeth equal, as long as the tube. Corolla reddish, twice the calyx. Pod
2 in. long, 10-12-seeded.

4. Zi. pratensis, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 370 ; perennial, leaflets 2 lanceo-
late, flowers many in long-peduncled racemes, calyx-teeth subequal. Benth. in
Royle III. 200; Boiss. Fl Orient, ii. 615.

West Himalayas, temperate zone, alt. 6-8000 ft. ; Kashmir, Gurwhal, Simla. —
Distrib. Europe, Orient, Abyssinia.

Stems slender, wingless, very diffuse. Stipules large, lanceolate -caudate ; petiole
distinct, angular. Peduncles often much exceeding the leaves. Calyx ^ in. ; teeth
all linear, as long as the calyx. Corolla yellow, 3 times the calyx. Pod linear. L.
cashmericus, Royle MSS., is a form with pubescent stems and calyx.

5. Za. ( altaicus, Led. Fl. Alt. iii. 355 ; perennial, leaflets 6-8 oblong,
flowers few in long-peduncled racemes, calyx-teeth very unequal. Led. Ic. PI.
Ross. t. 53. L. ovatus, Royle III. 200.

West Himalayas, temperate region ; Baltal and Chenab valley, 6-8000 ft., Royle,
Thomson, Jacquemont. — Distrib. Siberia.

A suberect glabrous perennial, ^-1 ft. high. Leaves 2-3 in. long; leaflets glaucous,
membranous, venose, i-f in. broad- stipules lanceolate-caudate slightly toothed.
Racemes secund, laxly 3-6-flowered ; peduncles 2-4 in. long. Calyx § in. ; lower teeth-
linear, nearly as long as the tube ; upper deltoid. Corolla reddish, twice the calyx.

Stibge:n". 2. Orobus, Linn. Petiole terminated by a mere bristle.

6. Xi. inconspicuus, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 372 ; annual, leaflets 1-2
narrow linear, flowers solitary subsessile in the axils of the leaves. L. erectus, .
Lag. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 613.

Kashmir, 4-5000 ft., lliomson, Falconer. Scinde, Stocks.

Habit of L. sphcericus, with which it coincides in stem, leaflets, pod and stipules.
Petiole very short, not winged ; leaflets 1-li in. long. Calyx £ in. ; teeth subequal,
lanceolate-subulate, as long as the tube. Corolla lilac, twice the calyx.

7. Xi. luteus, Baker ; perennial, leaflets 6-8 oblong, flowers in peduncled
racemes. Orobus luteus, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 378. O. lrevigatus, W. $ K. PL.

Lathy rus.~\ L. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) 181

Hunt/, t. 243. 0. orientalis, Boiss. Diag. ix. 106. 0. Emodi, Wall. Cat. 5048.
O. aureus, Stev. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 621.

"West Himalayas, tropical and temperate zone, ascending from the salt range in
the Punjab to 8500 ft. in Kumaon and 10,000 ft. in Khagax. — Distrib. Europe,
Orient, Altai, Songaria.

Stems suberect, glabrous, 2-3 ft. high. Stipules large, leafy ; leaflets membranous,
acute, 2-4 in. long. Racemes 6-1 2 -flowered, equalling or exceeding the leaves. Calyx
f-£ in. ; lower teeth lanceolate, upper deltoid. Corolla bright yellow, twice the calyx.
Pod linear, beaked, 2-3 in. long.

The genus Pistjm is principally distinguished from Lathyrus by its thick laterally
compressed style. The two subspecies of the common cultivated Pea are both often
cultivated in the northern provinces; P. sativum, Linn.; Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 321 ;
Wall. Cat. 5950, with round seeds of uniform colour and 4-6 leaflets; and P. arvense,
Linn., with compressed marbled seeds and 2-4 leaflets. Koyle considers the latter a
true native.

55. AMPHICAEP^il, Elliott.

Wide-twining herbs, with. 3-foliolate stipellate leaves and persistent striated
stipules and bracts. Flowers with a strong tendency to dimorphism, those that
bear the fully developed pods being, as in Viola, without petals. Calyx-tube
long, equal, teeth distinct, unequal. Corolla much exserted; petals equal in
length; standard and wings with a distinct spur on each side of the claw.
Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary obscurely stalked, niany-ovuled ;
style filiform, inflexed, beardless, stigma capitate. Pod flat, linear-oblong. —
Distrib. Species 3, or 3 varieties of one, from the United States, Japan, and
Himalayas, one in each country.

1. A. Edgeworthii, Benth. PL Jungh. 231.

West Himalayas, temperate zone ; Simla, 5-6000 ft., Edgeworth, Thomson.

Stems very slender, thinly shortly pubescent. Stipules and bracts oblong or lan-
ceolate, subobtuse or subacute, £ in. long ; leaflets membranous, obscurely hairy ; end
one broad ovate acute, side ones oblique. Flowers usually solitary or in pairs, but
casually racemed ; pedicels very short. Calyx ^ in. ; teeth lanceolate-subulate, much
shorter than the tube. Corolla % in., reddish. Perfect pod 1 in. long, linear, re-
curved, 2-3-seeded. Very near the Japanese species (Shuteria trisperma, Miq. Ann.
Mus. Lug. Bat. iii. 51) and the well-known American A. monoica, both of which have
obovate bracts and copiously racemed flowers.

56. SHUTERIA, W. & A.

Climbers, with 3-foliolate stipellate leaves, persistent bracts and bracteoles,
and niiddle-s&ed racemose uniform flowers. Calyx-tube gibbous ; teeth distinct,
shorter than the tube. Corolla exserted ; exauriculate standard rather exceed-
ing the keel and distinctly spurred wings. Sta?nens diadelphous ; anthers uni-
form. Ovary subsessile, niany-ovuled ; style incurved, filiform, beardless, stigma
capitate. Pod flat, linear, recurved. — Distrib. One additional species, Trop.
African.

1. S. vestita, W. 8f A. Prodr. 207; stems densely hairy, racemes dense
sessile many-flowered, bracts and bracteoles conspicuous lanceolate, leaflets obo-
vate-oblong or roundish obtuse. Benth. PL Jungh. 232 ; Wight Ic. 1. 165 ; Dalz.
%■ Gibs. Bomb. FL 68. Glycine vestita, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5512. G. invo-
lucrata, Wall. Cat. 5506 A, ex paHe.

East Himalayas ; Khasia, Sikkim, Bhotan and Mishmi, ascending to 5000 ft.
Hills of Westebn Peninsula and Ceylon, ascending to 7000 ft.

182 L. LEGUM1N0S2E. (J. G. Baker.) [ShutQria*

Stems slender, woody, glabrescent. Stipules lanceolate, rigid, under \ in. ; peti-
ole 1-3 in., hairy or glabrous ; leaflets membranous or subcoriaceous, obscurely
hairy on both sides or glabrescent, the end one 1-2 in. long. Racemes copious, close,
1-4 in.long, sometimes 2-3 from same node ; lower flowers often geminate ; bracts rigid,,
about as long as the densely hairy pedicels. Calyx £ in., densely hairy ; teeth shorter
than tube, upper lanceolate-cuspidate. Corolla reddish, twice the calyx. Pod 1-1£ in_
long, linear, hairy, recurved, 5-6-seeded.

Var. 1. glabrata ; calyx and leaves nearly or quite glabrescent. S. glabrata, W. $
A. Prodr. 207. — Khasia, Simons. Nilghiris, Wight.

Var. 2. involucrata ; racemes laxer, their lower nodes bracteated by 2-3 reduced
roundish leaflets £-^ in. long, leaflets obovate -oblong, calyx silky. S. involucrata,
W. $ A. Prodr. 207 ; Benth. PL Jungh. 232. Glycine involucrata, Wall. PL As. Bar.
iii. 22, t. 241 ; Wall. Cat. 5506, ex parte. — Kumaon, Gurwhal, Nipal.

Var. 3. densiflora ; racemes very dense, the flowers often several from the same
node, bracts and bracteoles rather larger, calyx pod and oblong subcoriaceous leaf-
lets glabrous. S. densiflora, Benth. PL Jungh. 232. Glycine involucrata, Wall. Cat.,
5506, ex _parte.— Gurwhal, Kumaon and Nipal, ascending to 7000 ft.

2. S. hirsuta, Baker; stems densely hairy, racemes peduncled many-
flowered, bracts and bracteoles long linear-setaceous, leaflets ovate cuspidate.

Khasia and Sikkim, 3-5000 ft., Hook. fil. $ Thomson.

Stems firm, slender, densely clothed with conspicuous deflexed hairs. Stipules
\-^ in. ; leaflets membranous, with a thin coating of adpressed hairs on both sides,
subconcolorous ; end one 2-4 in. long, Flowers in lax racemes, 2-3 in. long, on
densely hairy peduncles as long as themselves, geminate at the nodes ; bracts \-% in.
Calyx £-£ in., thinly hairy ; teeth shorter than tube, upper deltoid, lower linear.
Corolla purple, twice the calyx. Pod recurved, densely hairy, many-seeded.

3. S-? ferrug'inea, Baker ; stems densely hairy, racemes peduncled many-
flowered, bracts and bracteoles lanceolate conspicuous, leaflets ovate-cuspidate.
Amphicarpsea ferruginea, Benth. PL Jungh. 231. Glycine ferruginea, Grah. in
Wall. Cat. 5514. G. cylindriflora, Wall. Cat. 5516.

Nipal, Wallich.

Stems slender, woody. Stipules and bracts less persistent than in the other spe-
cies ; petiole 2-3 in. ; leaflets membranous, green, with inconspicuous adpressed hairs
above, glaucous-grey with dense hairs below, ferruginous on the nerves ; end ono
2-3 in. long. Flowers 6-12 together, in short-peduncled racemes. Calyx under \ in.,
subglabrous ; upper teeth deltoid, lower lanceolate. Corolla £-£ in., reddish. — Re-
cedes to Glycine by its subcaducous bracts and bracteoles.

4. S. suffulta, Benth. PL Jungh. 232 ; stems glabrous, racemes very lax
few-flowered, bracts and bracteoles linear very minute, leaflets obtuse roundish.
Glycine suffultu, Wall. Cat. 5507.

Birma ; Prome hills and Taong Dong, Wallich. Tenasserim, Heifer.

Stems firm, very slender.' Stipules linear, £ in.; leaflets membranous, subgla-
brous, glaucous-grey beneath, the end one f -1 in. long. Bacemes nearly sessile, 1-2 in.
long, 6-10-flowered, the lower nodes bracteated by reduced leaves as in S. vestita, var
involucrata ; bracts rigid, not more than & in. long ; pedicels distant, solitary, very
short. Calyx £ in., with a few adpressed hairs ; teeth all short, lowest lanceolate.
Corolla § in., reddish. Pod 1^ in. long, glabrous, recurved, 6-8-seeded.

57. DUMASXA, DO.

Climbing herbs. Leaves 3-foliolate, with stipellate leaflets. Flowers middle-
sized, racemose. Calyx-tube cylindrical, very gibbous, with a very oblique sub-
truncate mouth. Corolla exserted ; petals equal in length ; standard spurred on

Dumasia."] l. leguminos2E. (J. G. Baker.) 183

both sides of the hase of the limb ; wings and keel adherent, with small blades
and very long claws. Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary linear, sub-
stipitate, few-ovule d ; style long, flattened above its curve, stignia capitate.
Pod linear, falcate, torulose. — Distkib. One other species, in Japan.

1. D. villosa, DC. Mem. Leg. 257, t. 44; Prodr. ii. 241; leaves and
leaflets distinctly petioled, the latter ovate, corolla twice as long as the calyx.
Wall. Cat. 5523. D. pubescens, DC. loc. cit. t. 45. D. congesta, Grah. in Wall.
Cat. 5524; W. 8f A. Prodr. 206 ; Wight Ic. t. 445.

Himalayas, from Simla and Rumaon to Sikkim and Khasia, ascending to
6-7000 ft. Hills of Western Peninsula and Ceylon. — Distbib. Java, Madagascar,
Natal.

Stems slender, densely clothed with grey or ferruginous hairs. Petiole 1-2 in. ;
stipules minute, setaceous ; leaflets membranous, obtuse, green, with a few obscure
hairs above, grey, densely pubescent beneath ; end one 2-3 in. long. Racemes 2-6 in.
long, lax or close, 12-40 -flowered, rarely (D. congesta, Grah.) close, subsessile; bracts
and bracteoles minute, setaceous. Calyx ^— § in., with a few adpressed hairs. Corolla
2~* m-> yellow or purplish. Pod 1^ in. long, velvety, 3-4-seeded.

Vae. leiocarpa, Benth. PI. Jungh. 231, sp. ; pod and leaflets subglabrous. — Sikkim,
Khasia, Ceylon.

2. 3>. cordifolia, Benth. MSS. ; leaves and leaflets subsessile, the latter
rotundato-cordate, corolla half as long again as the calyx.

Khasia, 5000 ft., HooJc. fil. $ Thomson.

Stems very slender, at first finely downy. Stipules linear, very minute ; leaflets
membranous, glabrous, 4-1 in. long, firm, pale green. Flowers 6-10, in a close
raceme, on a glabrous peduncle l-2jin. long ; bracts and bracteoles linear, very mi-
nute. Calyx glabrous, membranous, £-3- in. long. Corolla pale yellow.

58. GLYCINE, Linn.

Twining or suberect herbs. Leaves with 3-7 stipellate leaflets. Flowers in
axillary racemes, with ^minute narrow bracts. Calyx-tube campanulate ; teeth
distinct, long or short. Corolla mostly little exserted ; petals about equal in
length ; standard not distinctly spurred. Stamens more or less completely mona-
delphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile, many-ovuled ; style short, in-
curved, beardless, stigma capitate. Pod linear or linear-oblong, straight or
recurved, flat or rather turgid, few-seeded. — Disteib. Species about 12, spread
through tropics of old world, and especially Australia.

1. Cr. javanica, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 242 ; stems slender twining, leaf-
lets 3, racemes elongated many-flowered, calyx-teeth long setaceous, pod narrow
small. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 266. Soja Wightii and S. javanica,
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5530 & 5528. Notonia Wightii, W. $ A. Prodr. 208.
Johnia Wightii, W. $ A. Prodr. 449.

Plains of the Western Peninsula and Ceylon. — Disteib. Trop. Africa, Natal,
Java.

Stems wide-climbing, more or less clothed with grey or ferruginous silky hairs.
Petioles 1-3 in. ; leaflets membranous, green, with a few adpressed hairs above, grey
and pubescent below ; end one ovate, acute, 2-4 in. long. Racemes short-peduncled,
dense or lax, 1-6 in. long ; pedicels very short ; bracteoles long, setaceous. Calyx
£-i in., densely silky ; teeth setaceous, plumose. Corolla reddish, little exserted. Pod
linear, straight, 1 in. by %-\ in., 4-5-seeded, clothed with adpressed hairs.

184 L. LEQUMINOS53. (J. G. Baker.) [Glycine.

2. Cr. pentaphylla, Dalz. in Kew Journ. iv. 344 ; stems slender twining,
leaflets 6-7, racemes elongated many-flowered, calyx-teeth short, pod broad.
Benth. in Jaurn. Linn. Soc. viii. 266 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 68.

Khasia, 3-5000 ft., Hook. fil. $ Thomson, Lobb. Concan, Dalzell, Stocks.

Stems wide-climbing, with a few adpressod hairs. Petiole 1-2 in.; leaflets subco-
riaceous, with a few adpressed hairs on both sides, green above, grey below, distant ;
end one oblong-lanceolate, acute, 3-4 in. long. Racemes lax, usually short-peduncled,
reaching 6-8 in. long ; pedicels very short, fascicled. Calyx ^ in. ; teeth deltoid,
shorter than the tube. Corolla reddish, twice the calyx. Pod glabrous, flat, rather
recurved, l£ in. by £ in., 4-5-seeded.

3. Cr. Soja, Sieb. fy Zucc. Fain. Nat. Fl. Jap. 11 ; stems stout suberect,
leaflets 3, racemes few-flowered congested sessile, calyx-teeth long setaceous, pods
broad. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 266. Soja hispida, Moeneh ; DC. Frodr.
ii. 396 ; Wall. Cat. 5529 ; W. $ A. Frodr. 247. Dolichos Soja, Linn. ; Roxb.
Fl. Ind. iii. 314. Soja angustifolia, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 223.

Himalayas, tropical region ; Ktjmaon to Sikkim, Khasia and Ava, often culti-
vated.— Distrlb. East Asia.

Stems suberect or climbing upwards, annual, densely clothed with fine ferruginous
hairs. Leaves long-petioled ; leaflets membranous, ovate, acute, rarely obtuse, 2-4 in.
long. Calyx £ in., densely hairy. Corolla reddish, little exserted. Pods usually only
2-3 developed in the axil of each leaf, linear-oblong, recurved, densely pubescent,
l£-2 in. by ^-f in., 3-4-seeded, subtorulose.

59. TERAXKNUS, Sw.

Twining herbs, with exactly the habit of Glycine. Calyx-tube campanulate ;
teeth distinct, subequal or two upper not so long. Corolla little exserted ; pe-
tals about equal in length ; standard not spurred. Stamens monadelphous ;
alternate anthers small, abortive. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled ; style short,
curved, beardless, stigma capitate. Pod linear, hooked with the persistent style at
the tip, flattish, septate between the seeds. — Distrib. Species 4, belting the world
in the tropics.

P. laMaiis, Spreng. Syst. iii. 235 ; leaflets small acute or subobtuse,
racemes usualh pedtmcled elongated, calyx-teeth as long as the tube. Benth.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 265. Glvcine labialis, Linn. ; Roxb. PI. Ind. iii. 318 ;
W.^f A. Frodr. 208; Wight le. t. 168; Dalz. $r Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 68.
G. parviflora, Lam. ; DC. Proclr. ii. 242 ; Wall Cat. 5508 A-F. G. debilis and
senegalensis, DC. Frodr. ii. 242. G. pallens, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5518. G.
warreensis, Dalz. in Kew Journ. iii. 210 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 68. G.
tenerrinia, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5520 ?

Plains from the foot of the West Himalayas to Ceylox, Biuma and Penaxg. —
Distrib. Cosmopolitan in the tropics, Natal.

Stei?is wide-climbing, slender, with a few fine adpressed hairs. Stijndes minute,
lanceolate, deciduous ; petiole ^-1^- in. ; leaflets 3, membranous or subcoriaceous,
green, with a few adpressed hairs above, grey and more hairy below, the end one
ovate or oblong, 1-2 in. long. Racemes 1-4 in. long, usually lax, the pedicels fasci-
cled. Calyx i-£ in. ; teeth lanceolate. Corolla reddish. Pod linear, glabrous, re-
curved, l|-2 in. long, 8-12-seeded.

Vau. mollis ; stems and pods clothed with longer more spreading hairs, leaflets
subcoriaceous densely pubescent beneath, calyx-teeth shorter. G. mollis, W. $ A.
Prodr. 209. Gr. parviflora, Wall. Cat. 5508, G. H. Teramnus mollis, Benth. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. viii. 265. — Distribution of the type.

Teramnus.'] L. leguminos^s. (J. Gr. Baker.) 185

2. T. flexilis, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 265 ; leaflets large acute,
flowers in sessile congested racemes, calyx-teeth shorter than the tube. Glycine
flexilis, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5521.

East Himalayas ; forests of Assam, Sillet and Chittagong.

More robust than the last, of which it may be a mere variety. Stems, petioles and
leaves nearly glabrous. Leaflets subcoriaceous, the end one 3-5 in. long. Racemes
1 in. or less long. Calyx-teeth, lanceolate-deltoid. Pods glabrous, 2^-3 in. long.

60. MUCUNA, Adans.

Perennials and annuals of wide-twining habit. Leaves ample, stipellate,
always 3-foliolate. Flowers large, showy, usually dark purple, turning quite
black when dried. Calyx-tube campanulate ; two upper teeth quite connate ;
lowest longer than the middle ones. Corolla much exserted ; standard not more
than half as long as the rostrate keel, which usually a little exceeds the wings.
Stamens diadelphous ; anthers dimorphous, like those of the Genistece. Ovary
sessile, many-ovuled ; style incurved, beardless, stigma capitate. Pod very
variable in shape and sculpture, usually covered with brittle needle-like irritating
bristles. — Distrib. Species above 20, spread everywhere in the tropics.

Subge^. 1. Ampbiptera. Pod broadly winged down both sutures and
the faces covered also by close oblique plaits.

1. UK. imbricata, DC. Prodr. ii. 406. Carpopogon imoricatum, Roxb.
Jlort. Beng. 54; M. monosperrna, Wall. Cat. 5623 0, ex parte.

East Himalayas, Silhet, Sixkim, Assam, tropical region, 1-4000 ft., Wallich
Griffith, Hook, fll.

A woody climber, with slender glabrescent branche's. Leaflets membranous, with a
few minute adpressed grey hairs below, glabrous above ; the end one oblong-cuspi-
date, 5-6 in. long. Racemes few- flowered, lax, on drooping peduncles 2-12 in. long;
pedicels \-^ in. long ; bracts large, roundish, soon deciduous. Calyx f in. long, with
a few irritating bristles ; teeth all nearly as long as the tube. Corolla dull purple,
2-2^ in. long ; keel abruptly inflexed at the tip ; wings ^ in. broad ; standard half as
long as the keel, 1 in. broad. Pod oblong, 4-6 in. by 2 in., 2-4-seeded, clothed with
abundant deciduous, irritating bristles ; wings of sutures finally ^ in. broad.

M. acuminata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5621 from Pexang, may perhaps belong to
this group, but the fruit is unknown. The calyx is like that of M. imbricata, but the
corolla is smaller and the racemes are short-peduncled and corymbose like those of
M. monosperrna.

Subgex. 2. CJitta, Lour. Pod with the faces covered by close oblique
plaits, but not winged down the sutures.

2. UK. monosperrna, DC. Prod. ii. 406; leaflets with a little ferru-
ginous down, racemes short-peduncled close, upper calyx-lip subtruncate, pod
one-seeded nearly as broad as long. Wall. Cat. 5623 A, B ; Wight in Hook. Bot.
Misc. ii. 346, Swppl. t. 12 ; W. $ A. Prod. 254 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 70.
Carpopogon monospermmn, Roxb. Sort. Beng. 54; Fl. Ind. iii. 283. M.
oristata, Ham. MSS. M. corymbosa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5622. M. anguina,

Wall. PI. As. Bar. iii. 19, t. 236. Carpopogon anguineum, Roxb. Cat. Hort.
Beng. 54.

East Himalayas, tropical zone ; Khasia, Assam, Chittagong, Pegu ; Tavoy,
Gomez. Hills of West Peninsula and Ceylon, up to 3000 ft.

A woody climber, with slender glabrescent branches. Leaflets membranous or
subcoriaceous, thinly clothed with ferruginous pubescence beneath ; the end one ob-
long-cuspidate, 4-6 in. long. Racemes 6-12-flowered, corymbose, short-peduncled, or

186 l. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) [Mucuna.

subsessile ; bracts none seen ; pedicels £-§ in. ; bracteo'les linear, exceeding the bud.
Calyx | in., with copious irritating bristles; lower tooth linear; side ones deltoid.
Corolla 1^ in. long; keel abruptly inflexed at the tip; wings \ in., standard -i in.
broad. Pod 3 in. long, obscurely stipitate, clothed with copious ferruginous or "dull
brown irritating bristles ; wings \-% in. deep.

3. IMC. atropurpurea, DC. Prodr. ii. 406 ; leaflets glabrous, racemes
long-peduncled drooping elongated often forked, upper calyx-lip more than half
as long as the tube, pod two-seeded twice as long as broad, Wall. Cat. 5620 ;
W. 8f A. Pi-odr. 254. Oarpopogon atropurpureuni, Roxb. Hort. Reng. 54 ; FL
Ind. iii. 287.

Plains of Western Peninsula and Ceylon. Malacca, Maingay.

A woody climber, with very slender glabrous branches. Leaflets membranous,
subconcolorous, shiniDg on the upper surface, the end one oblong-cuspidate, 4-6 in.
long. Racemes pendent, not corymbose ; bracts small, ovate, soon deciduous ; bracte-
oles oblong-spathulate, obtuse, \-^ in. Calyx £- 1 in. long, deeply bilabiate, with a
few ferruginous irritating bristles. Corolla dark purple, 2—2^ in. long ; keel abruptly
turned up at the end ; wings ^— § in., standard 1 in. broad. Pod sessile, 3 in. long, the
faces traversed with close oblique plaits, and furnished with abundant yellow-brown
irritating bristles.

Sttbge:n-. 3. Carpopogron, Roxb. Pod broadly winged down both sutures,
but not plaited on the faces.

4. M. gfigaratea, DC. Prodr. ii. 405; Wall. Cat. 5619; W. $ A.
Prodr. 2~)-i ; Wight in Hook. Rot. Misc. ii. 351, Suppl. t. 14! Oarpopogon
giganteum, Roxb. Hort. Bcng. 54 ; FL Ind. iii. 286. Dolichos giganteus, WilkL
8p. PI. iii. 1041.— Rheede Hort. Mai. viii. t. 36.

Plains of the Western Peninsula ; Andamans, Kurz. — Distrib. Malaya, Philip-
pines, Polynesia.

A woody climber, with slender glabrous branches. , Leaflets subcoriaceous, sub-
concolorous, glabrous ; end one oblong-cuspidate, 5-6 in. long. Flowers 12-30 in long-
peduncled drooping close racemes ; pedicels 1 in. long. Calyx £-§ in., with a few
irritating bristles; upper lip subtruncate. Corolla yellow, 1— 1| in. long; keel not
abruptly inflexed at the ena. Pod 3-6 in. by 2 in., flat on the faces, copiously clothed
with abundant deciduous yellow-brown irritating bristles, 2-6- seeded.

SirBGEisr. 4. Stizolobium, Pers. Pod without either distinct plaits on
the faces or wings down the sutures.

5. XIX. macrocarpa, Wall. Cat. 5618; woody, branches and leaves
glabrous, upper lip of calyx subtruncate, pod very large sublignose glabrescent.

Nepal and Silhet, Wallich. Khasia and Sikkim, 1-6000 ft., plentiful, Hooh.fll. §
Thomson.

Branchlets slender, terete. Leaflets subcoriaceous, the undersurface with a few ad-
pressed deciduous hairs ;• end one ovate-cuspidate, 6-8 in. long. Racemes fascicled
from the old wood, short-peduncled, with a densely brown-velvety rachis, the lower
nodes sending out short branches ; pedicels §-£ in., velvety, decurved ; bracteoles
-|-f in. obtuse, oblong. Calyx nearly 1 in. long, with a few irritating bristles ; lower
teeth as long as the tube. Corolla 2^-3 in. long ; keel abruptly turned up at the
tip; wings f #in. ; standard 1^ in. broad. Pod 1-1£ ft. by l^-l| in., 8-12-seeded,
distinctly torulose, finely velvety at first, slightly channelled down both sides of both
sutures.

6. IVE. bracteata, DC. Prodr. ii. 406; annual or perennial, branches-
and leaves below with a few adpressed hairs, flowers purple in short-peduncled.

Mucuna.'] l. leguminosjE. (J. G. Baker.) 187

racemes, bracts ovate extending to the peduncle, pod glabrescent at first covered
with short grey velvety tomentum without longitudinal furrows. Kurz in Jown.
Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 231. Oarpopogon bracteatuni, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54.

East Himalayas, tropical zone ; Assam, Masters. Khasia, Griffith, Hook. fll. £
Thomson. Chittagong, Roxburgh. Ava, Pegu and Martaban. Kurz.

Closely allied to M. pruriens, with which it quite agrees in calyx, corolla and
shape and texture of leaflets. Leaves grey, with only a few obscure adpressed hairs
below Eachis of the racemes densely grey-pubescent ; bracts broader and more per-
sistent than in the rest of the group, those of the peduncle acuminate, \-\ in. long.
Rod 3-4 in. long, similar in texture to that of M. 'pruriens and similarly abruptly re-
curved at the end.

7. IK. hirsuta, W. fy A. Prodr. 254 ; annual, branches and leaves below
densely silky, flowers purple in long racemes, bracts small ovate or lanceolate,
pod ribbed longitudinally clothed with yellow-brown irritating bristles.

Plains of Western Peninsula.

Branches slender, densely clothed with short fine deflexed ferruginous or grey
hairs. Leaflets ovate,-rhomboid, obtuse, with a cusp, membranous, thinly silky above,
densely grey-silky beneath, ferruginous on the veins, 4-6 in. long. Racemes short-
peduncled, %-% ft. long, with a densely silky rachis. Calyx and corolla as in M.
pruriens. Pod 3-4 in. long, reflexed at the end, 5-6-seeded.

8. IME. pruriens, DC. Prodr. ii. 405 ; annual, branches with a few ad-
pressed hairs, leaves grey-silky beneath, flowers in elongated racemes, bracts small
lanceolate, pod ribbed longitudinally clothed with grey rarely ferruginous weak
irritating bristles. Wall. Cat. 5616 ; Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. 2, Suppl. t.
] 3. Carpopogon pruriens, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 34 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 283. Dolichos
pruriens, Linn. Sp. 1020. M. prurita, Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 348 ; W. $ A. Prodr.
255 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 70. M. utilis, Wall. ; Wight Ic t. 280.

From the Himalayas, in the plains, to Ceylon and Birma. — Distrib. Cosmopoli-
tan in the tropics. Often cultivated, as are the two following.

An annual, with slender terete branches, glabrescent when mature. Leaflets
membranous, ovate-rhomboid, green, glabrescent above, lustrous with fine grey silky
pubescence beneath, £-| ft. long. Racemes short-peduncred, drooping, ^-1 ft. long, the
axis finely grey-silky ; pedicels £-4, in. Calyx § in. long, with a few irritating bristles ;
upper lip and lanceolate teeth as long as the tube. Corolla purplish, 1-]— 1^- in. long ;
wings I in. broad, rather shorter than the slightly incurved keel. Pod 2-3 in. long,
5-6-seeded, turgid, clothed with dense persistent bristles which are usually pale
brown or steel-grey. — M. utilis, Wall, is a cultivated variety with a velvety pod.
A variety occurs in Ceylon with short usually two-flowered peduncles. An allied
plant from Assam, Masters, known in bud only, has closer laxer pubescence and
large linear-setaceous bracts.

9. TIL. capitata, W. 8f A. Prodr. 255 ; annual, stem and imder surface of
the leaves glabrescent, flowers in short-peduncled few-flowered corymbs, bracts
small lanceolate setaceous, pod shortly velvety glabrescent ribbed longitudinally.
Oarpopogon capitatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 284. M. velutina, Hassk. Hort.
Bogor. 277.

Poot of the Western and Eastern Himalayas. — Distrib. Java.

Closely allied to M. pruriens, of which it may be a cultivated race. Leaflets
the same texture and shape, but with only a few adpressed hairs, not silky below.
Corymbs with 5-6 flowers, on short ascending peduncles. Calyx and corolla the
same. Pod larger, 5-6 in. long, similarly turned up at the end, but the bristles much
shorter and deciduous.

188 l. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) [Mucuna.

10. BX. nivea, DC. Prodr. ii. 406 ; annual, stem and leaves beneath gla-
brescent, flowers white in long drooping racemes, bracts small linear-lanceolate,
pods shortly velvety glabrescent ribbed longitudinally. Wall. Cat. 5624. Car-
popogon niveum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 285. M. nigra, Ham. in
Wall. Cat. 5617.

Ava and Bengal, perhaps cultivated only.

Like the preceding, perhaps only a cultivated race of M. pruriens. Leaflets
-|-£ ft. long, distinctly rhomboidal at the base, both sides at first with a few adpressed
hairs. Racemes pendulous, often exceeding the leaves. Pedicels, calyx and corolla of
M. pruriens, but the latter white. Pod half a foot long, black and destitute of
bristles when mature, 6-8-seeded.

61. AFXOS, Moench.

Twining herbs. Leaves pinnately 3-7-foliolate, stipellate. Floivers middle-
sized, in lax racemes, with tmnid nodes ; bracts and bracteoles minute, deciduous.
Calyx teeth shorter than the tube, two upper connate, lowest linear, the two
others short, deltoid. Corolla much exserted, the much incurved narrow keel
exceeding the spoonshaped standard, the wings still shorter. Stamens diadel-
phous ; anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile, many-ovuled ; style very long, fili-
form, beardless, much incurved, stigma capitate. Pod linear, compressed. —
Distrib. Species 3, the two others Chinese and N. American.

1. A. carnea, JBenth. MSS. Oyrtotropis carnea, Wall. Cat. 5527; PI.
As. Par. 49, t. 62.

Nipal. Wallich. Khasia, 4-6000 ft., Hook.fil. # Thomson, Lohb.

Stems slender, soon glabrescent. Petioles 2-3 in. ; leaflets usually o, rarely 3,
glabrous, green above, pale beneath, membranous, opposite, oblong, acute, 3-4 in.
long. Flowers in long-peduncled flexuose secund racemes 6-9 in. long ; lower pedicels
fascicled, xipper solitary; bracts and bracteoles minute, linear, caducous. Calyx green,
glabrous, £-§■ in. Corolla reddish, quite twice the calyx. Pod 4-5 in. long, glabrous,
straight, 12-16-seeded.

62. ERYTHRINA, Linn.

Trees with prickly branches. Floivers large, coral-red, in dense racemes,
produced usually before the development of the large constantly 3-foliolate leaves.
Calyx oblique, spathaceous, finally slitting down to the base or campanulato-bi-
labiate. Petals very unequal ; standard always much exserted and considerably
exceeding the keel and wings. Upper stamen free down nearly to the base or
connate with the others half way up the filaments ; anthers uniform. Ovary
stalked, many-ovuled ; style incurved, beardless, stigma capitate. Pod linear,
turgid, torulose. — Distkib. Species 25-30, principally tropical, in both the new
world and the old, and at the Cape.

Sttbgen. 1. Stenotropis, Hassk. Calyx spathaceous, oblique, not at
all 2-lipped, finally split to the base down the back.

1. E. indica, Lam. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 412 ; calyx 5-cleft at the tip, keel-
petals free, pod 6-«-seeded. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 249 ; Wall. Cat. 5963 ; W. %■
A. Prodr. 260 : Redd. Fl. Sylv. 87 ; Wight Ic. t. 58 ; Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 70.
E. spathacea, Wall. Cat. 5965. E. corallodendron, Linn. Sp. 992, ex parte. E.
cuneata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5967. — Rheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 7.

Foot of the Himalayas to Ceylon, Bikma and Malacca, often planted. — Distkib.
Java, Polynesia.

Frythrina.] L. leguminos^:. (J. G. Baker.) 189

A tall tree, with thin grey bark, the prickles minute, conical, usually black. Pe-
tioles 4-6 in., mostly unarmed ; leaflets membranous, subconcolorous, glabrous, the
end one round-cuspidate, 4-6 in. long and broad, truncate or broad-rhomboidal at the
base. Eacemes dense, ^ ft. long, on spreading woody peduncles ; pedicels \-^ in.,
downy. Calyx 1-1 J in. long, with a very oblique mouth from the first, subglab-
rous, minutely 5-toothed at the very tip. Standard 2-2^- in. long, the blade 1 in.
broad ; wings and keel subequal, not more than half as long as the calyx. Pod \- 1 ft.
long, distinctly torulose. — E. picta, Linn. (Ritmph, Amboin. t. 77) ^appears to be a
mere form of this, with variegated leaves.

2. S. stricta, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 251 ; calyx entire at
the tip, keel-petals connate, pod 2-3-seeded. W. %■ A. Prodr. 260 ; Dalz. 8r
Gibs. Bomb. Flora, 70 ; JBedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 175. Micropteryx stricta, Walp. in
Linncea, xxiii. 740.

Westeen Peninsula, common.

A large tree. Prickles whitish, rarely extending to the petioles. Leaflets same
shape as in E. indica, glabrescent on both surfaces. Calyx subglabrous, ^ in. long.
Standard oblong-lanceolate, li in. long ; keel half as long as the standard, much ex-
ceeding the truncate wing. Stamens as in the last. Pod 4-5 in. long, less torulose
than in the last, narrowed to both ends, glabrous, its stalk longer than the
calyx.

Sttbgex. 2. micropteryx, Walp. Calyx canipanulate, more' or less
distinctly 2-lipped, but not splitting down to the base. Pod turgid and seed-
bearing through its whole length.

3. E. resupinata, Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 220 ; Hort. Beng. 53 ; Fl. Ind. iii.
257 ; herbaceous, leaflets as broad as long, limb of standard oblong. DC. Prodr.
ii. 410 ; Brand. For. Fl. 141.

Upper G-angetic plain ; Nawal Khar, Br. Brandts. Oudh, Dr. Stewart.

Racemes direct from the rootstock, under a foot high, dense, appearing before the
leaves. Petioles and peduncles prickly. Leaflets round-cordate, 2-3 in. long and
broad. Calyx \ -^ in. long, campannlato-bilabiate. Standard 3-4 times the
calyx ; keel half as long as the standard tinged with red, its petals united ; wings much
shorter, greenish. Upper stamen free from low down.

4. ZS. ovalifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 254 ; arborescent,
leaflets twice as long as broad, glabrous, limb of the standard as broad as long.
Wall. Cat. 5961 ; Wight le. t. 247 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 88 ; Benth. PL Jungh. 237.
E. picta, Wall. Cat. 5960, non Linn. Duchassaingia ovalifolia, Walp. in Lin-
mata, xxiii. 742.

Forests of Sillet, Assam, Bengal, Ceylon, Birma and Malacca. — Distrib. Java,
Polynesia, and perhaps not distinct from American E. glauca, Willd.

Branches pale grey. Prickles usually black, not extending to the petiole. Leaflets
subcoriaceous, glaucous, the end one ovate or obovate-oblong, very different in shape
from that of any other species, often | ft. long, obtuse or subacute. Calyx §-£ in.,
brown-velvety, splitting nearly down to the base in two halves. Standard deep scarlet,
H-2 in. by l| in, emarginate; keel petals adherent, half as long as standard ; wing
rather shorter. Pod 6-8-seeded, ^ ft. long, distinctly torulose, narrowed into a short
stalk.

5. E. suberosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 58 ; Fl Ind, iii. 253 ; arborescent,
leaflets as long as broad matted with pubescence beneath, limb of the standard
3-4 times as long as broad, pod turgid. Wall. Cat. 5959 ; W. fy A. Prodr.
260 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 87 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 70. Micropteryx suberosa,

190 L. leguminos*;. (J. G. Baker.) [Erythina.

Walp. in Linncea, xxiii. 744. E. alba, Roxb. MSS. E. Nahasuta, and E.
reniformis, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5966, 5968.

Himalayas to Ceylon, ascending to 3-4000 in the north-west.

A tree, reaching 40-50 feet high, with corky deeply cracked bark. Prickles yel-
lowish, longer than in the others. Leaflets green and glabrous above, 3-6 in. broad,
often broader than deep, usually pointed, with a broad deltoid base, thickly matted
with grey cottony down beneath. Racemes densely capitate. Calyx § in. long, faintly
downy, soon deeply bilabiate. Standard 1^-2 in. long, its blade |— | in. broad ; keel-
petals connate, less than half as long as the standard. Upper stamen free from low
down. Pod \ ft. long, subterete, distinctly torulose, 4-5-seeded.

Vae. sublobata ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 254 (sp.) ; leaflets larger conspicuously sinu-
ated. W. # A. Prodr. 261 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 87. E. maxima, Roxb. MSS. Macro-
pteryx sublobata, Walp. in Linneea, xxiii. 740. E. tomentosa, Ham. in Wall. Cat.
.5964.— Orissa, Roxburgh. Mungger hills, Hamilton. Subalpine jungles of Western
Peninsula, Beddome.

6. E. arborescens, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 256 ; arbores-
cent, leaflets as broad as long glabrous beneath, limb of the standard 2-3 times
ss long as broad, pod firm flattish. Roxb. Cor. PL t. 219 ; Wall. Cat. 5962 ;
Brand. For. Fl. 140.

Central and East Himalayas ; Ktjmaon to Sikkim and Khasia, ascending to
7,000 ft.

A low tree, with few prickles on the branches. Leaflets membranous, greenish on
both sides, the end one pointed, truncate or rather cordate at the base, often f-1 ft.
broad. Flower very like that of E. suberosa, but the calyx larger and the limb of
the standard broader. Pod much curved, £-f ft. long, 1 in. or more broad, 4-6-
seeded, narrowed gradually to a distinct beak and stalk. ,

Sttbgen. 3. Hypaphorus, Htesk. Calyx as in the last, Pod flat,
•seedless and indehiscent in the lower half, bearing 1-3 seeds towards the tip. —
"Connects Erythrina with Butea and Spatholobus.

7. E. lithosperma, Blume, ex Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 209. E. secun-
diflora, Hassk. PL Jav. Rar. 378 ; Benth. PL Jungh. 237, non Brotero.

Rangoon, McClelland. — Distrib. Java; Philippines, Cuming, 1161.

A tall tree, with branchlets often unarmed. Leaflets membranous, glabrous,
greenish, the end one roundish, acute, 4-6 in. long. Racemes pilose, cotemporaneous
with the leaves. Calyx velvety, £-§ in. long, finally splitting down nearly to the
base in two lips. Standard l\-\^ in. long, the limb oblong, obtuse; keel and wings
' subequal, ^ in. long. Pod much recurved, 4-5 in. long, broader in lower half, with a
stalk reaching lj-lf in. long. — Kurz (Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 69) says
Miquel's plant is not Blume's, and that it is E. sumatrana, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl.
"304. I cannot, without specimens, clearly distinguish E. holosericea, Kurz loc. cit.
from this ; its pod is unknown.

63. STRONGYLODON, Vogel.

Twining herbs, with the habit of Phaseolus, with stipellate 3-foliolate leaves.
Flowers in long lax racemes. Calyx campanulate, gibbous ; teeth short, obtuse,
imbricated. Corolla much exserted ; standard lanceolate, recurved ; wings ob-
tuse, more than a third as long ; keel curved, as long as the standard, narrowed
into a long' beak. Stamens diadelphous; anthers uniform. Ovary stalked,

Strongylodon.'] l. leguminos-e. (J. G. Baker.) 191

few-ovuled, style filiform, beardless, stigma capitate. Pod oblong-, turgid.
Seeds as large as a bean, with, a hiluni running more than half round. — Distrib.
Species 3, Polynesian.

1. S. ruber, Vogel ; Walp. Ann. iv. 559 ; A. Gray Bot. Amer. Explor.
Expedit., 446, t. 48 ; Thwaites Enum. 89. Rhynchosia lucida, DC. Prodi- . ii.

387.

Ceylon, near Kornegalle, Thwaites. — Distrib. Polynesia.

Stems firm, wide-twining, glabrous. Leaflets green, subconcolorous, glabrous,
membranous, the end one roundish with a point, 4-6 in. long. Racemes copious, ax-
illary, distinctly-peduncled, ^—1 ft. long ; pedicels geminate from the tumid nodes,
filiform, drooping, £-1 in. Calyx glabrous, %-£ in., clasped at the base by a pair of
short round deciduous bracteoles. Corolla bright red, 3-4 times the calyx. Pod ob-
long, 3 in. long, distinctly stalked,. 2-seeded.

64. GBONA, Lour.

Twining herbs, with stipellate 1-foliolate leaves, deciduous stipules and bracts.
Racemes with obscurely-swollen nodes. Calyx-tube campanulate ; teeth elong-
ated, upper 2 shorter. Corolla distinctly exserted, its petals nearly equal in
length, both standard and wings spurred ; keel obtuse, nearly straight. Stamens
diadelphous; anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile, many-ovuled ; style long,
filiform, beardless, stigma capitate. Pod linear, turgid, septate between the
seeds. — Distrib. Another species reported from Cochin China.

1. G-. G-rahami, Benth. PL Jungh. 233; flowers in very lax fascicled
racemes, bracteoles a quarter as long as the calyx. Glycine Grahami, Wall. Cat.
5513.

Pkome, Wallich.

A lax climber or trailer, the slender stems with a few adpressed hairs. Leaflet
subcoriaceous, glabrous, subconcolorous, reticulato-venose, 3-6 in. long, acute, lower
-cordate-ovate, upper oblong-lanceolate; petiole |— 1£ in. Racemes 2-3 from each
node, 1-3 in. long, the flowers in pairs from the distant nodes. Calyx glabrescent,
^ 'in ; teeth all exceeding tube, lower linear, upper lanceolate. Corolla £ in. reddish.

2. G. Dalzellii, Baker ; flowers in dense usually sessile heads, bracteoles
as long as the calvx. Galactia simplicifolia, Dalz. in Kew Journ. iii. 209 ; Dalz.
8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 69.

Plains of Coxcan, Dalzell, Stocks.

A herbaceous twiner, the slender stems with a few adpressed hairs. Leaflets mem-
branous, with a few adpressed hairs on both sides, green above, glaucous below, ovate,
acutp, 2-4 in. long, lower cordate, upper rounded at the base; petiole f-l£ in.
Flowers 6-12, in copious dense cymes. Calyx £ in., clothed with dense ferruginous
silky hairs; lower teeth lanceolate, upper deltoid. Corolla twice the calyx. Pod
linear, straight, hairy, 2-2£ in. long, 8-10-seeded.

' 3. G-. filicaulis, Kurz in Journ, Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 232 ; flowers
axillary.

Pegu, Kurz.

Voluble, slender. Leaves broad cordate-ovate, obtuse, mucronate, 1-1^ in. broad,
palmately nerved, thinly hirsute on both sides; petiole |—§ in. Flowers small, yel-
low, pedicellate, cirrhoso-pedunculate. Pod slender, linear, glabrous, 1 in. long,
5-6-seeded ; seeds shining, olive-green, mottled with black. — Kurz, loc. cit.

192 L. leguminosjc. (J. G. Baker.) [Galactia.

65. GALACTIA, P. Br.

Twining herbs, with 3-foliolate stipellate leaves, like Glycine in habit, but
with the nodes of the raceme slightly tumid. Calyx-tube short ; teeth linear or
lanceolate, the two uppermost entirely fused in one. Corolla little exserted ; its
petals nearly equal in length ; keel obtuse, nearly straight. Stamens diadelph-
ous ; anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile, many-ovuled ; style long, filiform, beard-
less, stigma capitate. Pod linear, flattened, recurved. — Disteib. Species 45,
mostly Tropical American.

1. Gr. tenuiflora, W. 8r A. Prodr. 206 ; leaflets small obtuse, flowers in
pairs from the distant nodes of elongated racemes, hairs of calyx very short ad-
pressed. Glycine tenuiflora, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 241 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii.
319/

Plains from the foot of the Himalayas to Ceylon and Siam. — Distrib. Natal,
Zambesi-land, Australia, Malay isles.

Stems very slender, obscurely grey-downy. Stipules deciduous, minute ; petiole
l-l|in. ; leaflets ovate or oblong, 1^-2 in. long, membranous, green, glabrescent
above, grey, obscurely silky below. Racemes copious, peduncled, £-£ ft. long. Calyx
^— ^ in. long, finely grey silky ; teeth lanceolate acuminate, exceeding the tube. Co-
rolla reddish, ^ in. long. Pod 1^-2 in. by | in., glabrescent, 6-8-seeded.

Var. 1. lucida ; leaflets linear-oblong subcoriaceous glabrous on both surfaces
sublucent above, flowers smaller. Glycine lucida, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5511. Gr.
graminea, Heyne MSS. — Western Peninsula.

Vab. 2. minor-, stems very slender, leaflets and flowers smaller, the former
oblong ^-1 in. long thinly grey silky below, corolla \-^ in. long, pod 1 in. long
glabrous"- 4-5-seeded. Leucodictyon malvensis, Dalz. cf Gibs. Bomb. Flora, 73. Gr.
tenuiflora, Wall. Cat. 5509 A. — "Western Peninsula.

Var. 3. villosa ; stems leaves below and pods densely grey-downy, leaflets oblong
1-1 i in. long, flowers fewer and smaller than in the type. G. villosa, W. $• A. Prodr.
207." Glycine tenuiflora, Wall. Cat. 5509, B, C. G."filiformis, Wall. Cat. 5510 and
5519. — Western Peninsula.

Var. 4. latifolia ; stems and leaves below densely pubescent, leaflets subcoria-
ceous roundish 1^-2 in. long, racemes elongated, calyx hoary more deeply cleft. —
Concan, Stocks.

2. Gr. 1 oxyphylla, Benth. PI. Jungh. 233 ; leaflets large acute, flowers
2-4 in axillary nearlv sessile cymes, hairs of calyx long and silkv. Glycine
oxyphylla, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5522.

Tenasserim ; Tavoy, Gomez. Amherst, Parish.

Stems slender, clothed with conspicuous spreading deciduous ferruginous hairs.
Petioles 2-3 in. ; leaflets membranous, green, subconcolorous, with a few adpressed
hairs on both surfaces, oblong, 3-4 in. long. Bracts lanceolate, nervose, subpersistent ;
bracteoles linear, as long as the tube. Calyx § in. long ; teeth linear-setaceous, 2-3
times as long as the tube, plumose. Corolla reddish, ^ in. long. Pod unknown. — Ke-
cedes from Galactia by its cymose inflorescence and persistent nervose bracts.

66. COGHLXANTHUS, Benth.

A climbing herb. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, stipellate. Flowers racemed.
Calyx-tube campanulate ; teeth short, the lowest longest, lanceolate, the two
upper fused into one. Corolla much exserted, the petals nearly equal in length -r
standard broad ; keel narrow, curved, rounded at the end in a semicircle. Sta-
mens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary short-stipitate, many-ovuled ; style

Cochliantlius."] l. leguminos^:. (J. Gr. Baker.) 193

filiform incurved ; stigma large, terminal. Pod linear, incurved, flattish. —
Distrib. A single endemic species with the habit of a slender Mucuna.

1. C. gracilis, Benth. PI. Jungh. 234. Mucuna? gracilis, Grah. in Wall.
Cat. 5626.

Nipal, Wallich.

A slender twining subglabrous herb, with both leaves and flower turning black
when dried. Leaves distinctly petioled, 3-foliolate, stipellate, membranous, with a
few adpressed hairs on both surfaces, grey beneath ; end one ovate-rhomboidal, acumi-
nate, 2-3 in. long. Flowers 6-20 in close racemes on drooping slender peduncles ;
bracteoles setaceous, very minute, deciduous. Calyx J in., densely clothed with ad-
pressed silky hairs. Corolla 3 times as long as the calyx.

67. SPATHOLOBUS, Hassk.

Woody climbers, with 3-foliolate stipellate leaves. Flowers small or middle-
sized, in ample terminal panicles, extending into the axils of the upper leaves, the
pedicels densely fascicled at the tumid nodes. Calyx campanulate ; teeth
lanceolate or oblong-deltoid, the upper two connate. Corolla distinctly ex-
serted, its petals subequal, the keel obtuse, nearly straight. Stamens diadel-
phous ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or stalked, 2-ovuled ; style incurved,
beardless, stigma capitate. Pod exactly like that of Butea. —Distrib. Species
10, the others Malayan and one Trop. African. By the pod dehiscing only at
the seed-bearing apex this and Butea approach Dalbergieee.

1. S. Roxburg-liii, Benth. PI. Jungh. 238; leaflets subcoriaceous grey-
canescent beneath, end one obovate-rhomboidal, flowers middle-sized, pod
stalked usually equal in width throughout. Butea parviflora, Roxb. Hort. Beng.
53; Fl. Ind. iii. 248; DC. Prodr. ii. 415; Wall. Cat. 5440; W. $ A. Prodr.
261 ; Wight Ic. t. 210; Dalz. 8> Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 71. B. sericophvlla, Wall. Cat.
5441.

Plains from the foot' of the "West Himalayas to Ceylon, Martaban and Tenas-
serim.

A robust climber, with densely grey-downy branches. Petiole J-J ft. ; leaflets
subcoriaceous, dull green, glabrescent above, obtuse or shortly cuspidate, deltoid at
the base, 6-9 in. long. Panicle reaching 1-1^ ft. long; branches very downy; pe-
dicels ^ in. or less long. Calyx ^— i in., densely grey-velvety ; lower teeth lanceolate,
nearly as long as the tube. Corolla bright red, half as long again as the calyx.
Pod 3-4 in. long, usually 1 in. broad, clothed with ferruginous tomentum, which is
thickest and darkest towards the tip, narrowed suddenly into a stalk ^ in. long.

Var. 1. denudatus ; leaves nearly concolorous, calvate beneath. Butea gyrocarpa,
Wall. Cat. 5442, in part. — Penang.

Var. 2. platycarpus ; pod nearly 2 in. broad conspicuously narrowed to the seed-
bearing tip. — Concan, Stocks.

2. S. gryrocarpus, Benth. PI. Jungh. 238 ; leaflets subcoriaceous ferru-
gineo-pubescent beneath, end one obovate-rhomboidal, flowers small, calyx
densely grey-downy, teeth very short, pod sessile narrowed to the tip. Butea
gyrocarpa, Wall. Cat. 5442, ex parte.

Forests of Penang and Malacca, Wallich, &c. — Distrib. Philippines, Cuming, 945.

A robust woody climber, with densely ferrugineo-pubescent branches. Petiole

4-6 in. ; leaflets dull green, pubescent on the ribs above, not at all canescent, but beset

with short spreading hairs and reticulato-venose beneath, the base rather rounded, the

end one 6-9 in. long. Panicle 1 ft. long ; branches very downy ; pedicels very short.

VOL. II. 0

194 L. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) [Spatholobus.

Calyx \ in. ; teeth deltoid. Corolla reddish, £ in. long ; limb and standard broader
than deep, emarginate. Pod like the samara of a sycamore reversed, finely downy,
3-5 in. long, more membranous than in the last

3. S. acuminatus, Benth. PI. Jungh. 238 ; leaflets subcoriaceous ob-
long cuspidate rounded at the base glabrous beneath, flowers small, calyx ob-
scurely downy, teeth oblong half as long as the tube, pod sessile narrowed to
the tip. Butea acuminata, Wall. Cat. 5443. Pongamia rosea. Grah. in Wall.
Cat. 5907. P. rigida, Wall. Cat. 5908 ?

Forests of Tenasserim and Penang, Wallich, &c.

A robust climber, with branches minutely downy at first, soon glabrescent. Petiole
2-4 in. long ; leaflets subconcolorous, pale grey-green on both sides, much thinner
than in 8. crassifolius, the end one 4-8 in. long. Panicle more than a foot long ; pe-
dicels much shorter than the calyx. Calyx ± in. Corolla bright red, three times the
calyx ; limb of the standard as long as broad. Pod just like that of S. gyrocarpus. —
Here most likely belongs • Pongamia ? ' Wall. Cat. 9054, from Penang. "We have
a closely allied plant from Mishmi, Griffith, 1678, with a more rigid much recurved
larger pod half a foot long; and another from Concan, Stocks (S. pitrpttreus, Benth.
MSS.) with very dense panicles, dark purple corolla, and longer pedicels, which no
doubt is distinct, but of which the pod is unknown.

4. S. crassifolius, Benth. PI. Jungh. 238 ; leaflets very thick and rigid
oblong cuspidate rounded at the base glabrous beneath, flowers small, calyx
densely brown- velvety, teeth deltoid half as long as the tube, pod stalked. Pon-
gamia crassifolia, Wall. Cat. 5913.

Forests of Silhet and Penang, Wallich. Khasia, Griffith.

Branches at first clothed with ferruginous pubescence. Leaflets like those of 8.
acuminatus, 6-9 in. long, thicker in texture, very shining on the upper surface, quite
glabrous beneath from the beginning. Pedicels very short, the flowers densely clus-
tered towards the end of the branchlets. Calyx ~ *n- long- Corolla dark purple,
scarcely twice as long as the calyx ; limb of the standard broader than deep, emargi-
nate. Pod only seen very immature.

68. BUTEA, Eoxb.

Erect trees or climbing shrubs, with 3-foliolate large stipellate leaves. Flowers
densely fascicled, large, showy, in axillary rademes or terminal racemes or pani-
cles. Calyx broadly campanulate ; teeth short, deltoid. Corolla much exserted ;
petals nearly equal in length, the keel much curved, subobtuse or acute. Sta-
mens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or stalked, 2-ovuled ; style
filiform, curved, beardless, stigma capitate. Pod firm, ligulate, splitting round
the single apical seed, the lowest part indehiscent. — Distrib. No other species.

1. B. frondosa, Roxb. Cor. PI. 21, t.'21 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 244; an erect tree,
lower calyx-teeth deltoid, keel much curved acute 4 times as long as the calyx,
pod distinctly stalked. Wall. Cat. 5569, ex parte ; W. § A. Frodr. 261 ; DC.
Prod. ii. 415; Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. 102, Suppl. t. 32; Beddome Fl.
Sylv. t. 176 ; Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 71 ; Brand. For. Fl. 142. Erythrina
monosperma, Larnk. Diet. i. 391. — Rheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 16-17.

Plains from the Himalayas to Ceylon and Birma, ascending to 4000 ft. in the
north-west.

An erect tree, reaching a height of 40-50 ft. Shoots clothed with grey or brown
silky pubescence. Petiole {-£ ft. ; leaflets 4-8 in. long, coriaceous, glabrescent above,
densely finely silky and strongly veined below ; end one roundish, with a rhomboid
base, obtuse, often emarginate. Racemes ^ ft. long ; pedicels ^—1 in., densely brown-
velvety. Calyx £ in. long, velvety. Petals bright orange-red, equal, thickly clothed on
the outside with silvery tomentum, the standard 1 in. broad, the keel semicircular,
beaked. Pod 6-8 in. by 1^—2 in., argenteo-canescent, narrowed suddenly into a stalk
• longer than the calyx.

ButeaJ] l. leguminos^:. (J. G. Baker.) 195

2. B. superba, Roxb. Cor. PI. 23, t. 22 ; Hart. Beng. 53 ; Fl. Ind.
iii. 247 ; a climber, lower calyx-teeth lanceolate-deltoid, keel much curved acute
4-5 times as long as the calyx, pod distinctly stalked. Wall. Cat. 5438 :
DC. Prodr. ii. 415 ; W. 8f A, Prodr. 261 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 71 ; Brand.
For. Fl. 143. B. frondosa, Wall. Cat. 5569, ex parte.

Forests of Concan, Bengal, Orissa and Birma. ' . *•

Very near the last, from which it differs mainly by its scandent habit, not by any

botanical characters. Leaflets and flowers larger, the former reaching 20 in. long.

Racemes 1 ft. long ; pedicels sometimes 3 times as long as the calyx.

3. B. minor, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5439 ; a climber, corolla three times the
calyx, keel little curved subobtuse, pod subsessile.

East Himalayas ; Nipal, Wallich ; Silhet, Da Silva ; Khasia, 1-4000 ft., Hook.fil.
$• Thomson, Lobb. ; Mishmi, Griffith.

Branches robust, clothed at first with grey or brown silky hairs. Petiole 3— £ ft. ;
leaflets obtuse or cuspidate, 6-15 in. long, coriaceous, scabrous above, finely silky
beneath, the end one orbicular, with a rhomboidal base. Racemes £-1 ft. long. Calyx
\-\ in., brown-velvety, as are the pedicels ; teeth very short. Corolla dull red, 1 in.
long, densely velvety on the outside ; keel rather exceeding the wings and standard,
which is \ in. broad. Pod 3-3^ in. long by l-lj in., cuneate at the base.

69. MASTERS! A, Benth.

Calyx-tube turbinate ; teeth long, lower lanceolate, two upper connate. Co-
rolla scarcely exserted ; petals nearly equal in length ; standard roundish ; keel
obtuse, little curved. Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform ? Ovary sessile,
many-ovuled ; style short, filiform, incurved, stigma capitate. Pod linear-ob-
long, flat, indehiscent, the dorsal suture bordered by a narrow erect wing. —
Distrib. A single endemic species, combining the habit of Phaseolece with the
pod of Dalbergiece.

1. ZH. cleistocarpa, Baker.

East Himalayas, Assam and Mishmi, Wallich, Griffith.

A woody climber, with firm terete glabrous branches. Leaves 3-foliolate, distinctly
petioled ; leaflets subcoriaceous, stipellate, glabrous above, inconspicuously downy be-
neath ; end one obovate-cuspidate, 5-6 in. long, rounded at the base. Racemes reaching
a foot long ; pedicels \-^ in., geminate, from very tumid nodes. Calyx ^ in. long, the
tube hidden by a pair of large round striated bracteoles. Pod shining, very flat,
3-5 in. by f-1 in.

70. CANAVAX.XA, DC.

Large twining perennials or biennials, with stipellate 3-foliolate leaves and
showy flowers. Calyx deep, the limb 2-lipped, the upper lip projecting, entire
or emarginate, the lower shortly 3-toothed. Corolla much exserted ; standard
large, roundish ; wings shorter, equalling the incurved obtuse keel. Stamens
monadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary obscurely stalked, many-ovuled ; style
incurved, beardless, stigma terminal. Pod large, linear or oblong, flattish, with
a distinct rib oh each valve near the upper suture. — Distrib. Species about a
dozen, two widely- spread in the tropics, the others mostly American.

1. C. ensiformis, DC. P?-odr. ii. 404 ; leaflets ovate or oblong usually
fccute, racemes many-flowered, pod many-seeded. Dolichos ensiformis, Linn.
Sp. PL 1022. O. gladiata, DC. loc. cit. ; Wall. Cat. 5531 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 253.

02

196 l. LEGUMiNOSiE. (J. G. Baker.) \_Canavalia.

Dolichos gladiatus, Jacq. Ic. t. 560 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 300. 0. Loureirii, G.
Don Gen. Syst. ii. 363. C. incur va, DC. loc. cit. — Rheede Hort. Mai. viii. t. 44.

East Himalayas to Ceylon and Siam, wild and commonly cultivated. — Distkib.
Everywhere in the Tropics.

Stems wide-twining, perennial or biennial, glabrous. Stipules minute, deciduous ;
leaflets entire, ovate, membranous, glabrous, 4-6 in. long. Peduncles and racemes
each £-£ ft. long; pedicels very short, geminate from v the very tumid nodes;
bracteoles minute, ovate, caducous. Calyx |— | in., glabrous, the upper lip a third of
the length of the tube. Corolla more than twice as long as the calyx, red or white.
Pod 6-9 in. by l-l£ in., glabrescent, rather recurved, 8-12-seeded.

Var. 1. virosa; leaflets obovate or obovate-oblong smaller more obtuse glabrous,
axis of raceme more densely pubescent, pod 2-4 in. long 4-6-seeded, flowers smaller.
Dolichos virosus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 55 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 301. C. virosa, W. 3f A. Prodr.
253 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 69. — Perhaps rather the wild form of the plant than a
proper variety. Seeds said to be bitter in the variety, eatable in the type.

Var. 2. turgida, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5534 (sp.) ; leaves like the last, but the
pod larger and more turgid, 3-5 in. bv 1^-2 in. broad. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 215.
O. Stocksii, Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 69 ?"

Var. 3. mollis, Wall. Cat. 5533 (sp.) ; branches leaves and calyx densely clothed
with short grey pubescence, pod small oblong slightly downy till mature. W. 8[ A.
Prodr. 253. — Nilghiris and Dindygul hills, in the Carnatic.

2. C obtusifolia, DC. Prodr. ii. 404 ; leaflets obovate obtuse sometimes
eniarginate, racemes few-flowered, pod few-seeded. Wall. Cat. 5532 ; W. fy A.
Prodr. 253; Clegh. in Madras Journ., new series, vol. i. tab. iv. Dolichos
obcordatus and rotundifolius, Roxb. Hort. Reng. 55 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 302-3. O.
rosea, lineata and rutilans, DC. loc. cit. Khynchosia rosea, DC. Prodr. ii. 387.

Coasts of Western Peninsula, Ceylon and Malay Peninsula. — Distrib. Cos-
mopolitan in the tropics.

A glabrous perennial. Leaflets thicker than in the last, 2-4 in. long, more con-
spicuously veined, often as broad as long. Racemes usually overtopping the leaves.
Flower like that of the last, but the upper lip of the calyx rather shorter. Pod 4-5
in. by 1 in., glabrous, 4-6-seeded.

71. DIOCLEA, H.B.K.

Climbing shrubs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, stipellate. Flowers blue or
white, in elongated racemes with thickened nodes ; bracts and bracteoles cadu-
cous. Calyx-tube campanulate ; teeth as long as the tube, two upper quite
connate. Corolla little exserted ; petals about equal in length ; keel incurved,
but not beaked. Stamens monadelphous, but the uppermost free at the base ;
anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile, few-ovuled ; style incurved, beardless,
stigma capitate. Pod oblong, turgid, 1-2-seeded, flattened along the upper
suture. — Distrib. Species 16, all the others Tropical American.

D. lasiocarpa, Mart., a common Tropical American species with lax racemes,
small bracts, densely fascicled pedicels as long as the glabrous calyx and 6-8-seeded
strap-shaped pods 4-6 in. long, is contained in the Concan collection of Dr. Stocks,
probably introduced.

1. 1>. reflexa, Hook. Jil. Niger Flor. 306. Dolichos coriaceus. Grah. in
Wall. Cat. 5562. Dioclea javanica, Renth. PI. Jungh. 236. D. Fergusonii,
Thwaites Enum. 412.

Forests of Silhet, Hook. Jil. $• Thomson. Penang and Sincapore, Wallich.
Tenasserim, Heifer. Ceylon, Ferguson.— Distrib. Malay isles, Trop. Africa, Trop.
America.

Pueraria.~\ l. leguminos^;. (J. G. Baker.) 197

A woody climber, with terete branches, at first pubescent. Leaflets subcoriaceous,
obtuse or acute, pubescent beneath, 4-6 in. long. Flowers in peduncled. dense
subspicate racemes |-1 ft. long ; bracts linear, reflexed, silky, £ in. long. Calyx
§— | in., silky, with a pair of small obtuse bracteoles. Corolla reddish, half as long
again as the calyx. Pod 3-4 in. long, glabrescent, but clothed at first with adpressed
silky hairs.

72. PITER ARIA, DO.

Twining shrubs or herbs, with stipellate 3-foliolate leaves ; leaflets some-
times palmatifid. Flowers large or small, densely fascicled, in long often com-
pound racemes. Calyx-teeth long or short, the two upper connate. Corolla
distinctly exserted ; standard usually spurred at the base, equalling in length
the obtuse wings and keel. Stamens more or less thoroughly monadelphous ;
anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or nearly so, many-ovuled ; style filiform, much
incurved beardless, stigma capitate. Pod linear, flatfish. — Distkib. Only one
East Asian species not here represented.

Stjbgen. 1. Fueraria proper. Flowers produced after the leaves fall.
Pod ±-^ in. broad, with constrictions between the seeds that recall the articu-
lations of Hedysareae.

1. P. tuberosa, DC. Prodr. ii. 240; calyx densely silky, teeth subobtuse
shorter than the tube, bracts very minute, lamina of wings oblique oblong,
pod clothed with weak bristles. Wall. Cat. 5352 ; W. # A. Prodr. 205, 449 ;
Wight Ic. t. 412 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 67 ; Benth. in Linn. Soc. Journ.
ix. 123. Hedysarum tuberosum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 57 ; Fl. Lnd. iii. 363.

West Himalayas, tropical zone, ascending to 4000 ft. in Kumaon. Hills of
Westebn Peninsula and Obissa.

Boot very large, tuberous. Stems shrubby, the branches finely grey-downy.
Stipules minute, deciduous, cordate-ovate ; leaflets membranous, roundish, ^-1 ft.
long, green, glabrescent above, densely clothed with whitish adpressed hairs beneath.
Flowers in dense virgate leafless often panicled racemes, reaching 6-9 in. long ;
pedicels very short, densely fasoicled. Calyx ^t-± in. long, densely silky. Corolla
bluish, not quite twice the calyx ; limb of standard orbicular, distinctly spurred. Pod
2-3 in. long, membranous, flat, 3-6-seeded, clothed with long grey silky bristly hairs.

2. P. Candollei, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5355 ; calyx subglabrous, teeth
acute as long as the tube, bracts exceeding the buds, lamina of wings semi-
circular, pod subglabrous. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Sec. ix. 123.

Pegu, Wallich, McClelland. Moulmein, Lobb.

Shrubby, with slender terete glabrous branches. Stipules in the last ; leaflets sub-
coriaceous, roundish, with an acute point, ^-f ft. long, both surfaces greenish, glabres-
cent. Bacemes lax, virgate, panicled, reaching a foot or more long, the sulcate
rachises subglabrous ; pedicels ^-J in. ; bracts linear, f-^ in. long. Calyx %-± in.,
clasped by a pair of minute persistent OA^ate bracteoles. Corolla twice the calyx ;
limb of standard roundish, spurred. Pod 3 in. long, few-seeded.

Stjbgen". 2. Neustanthus, Benth. Leaflets entire, rarely faintly lobed,
contemporaneous with the flowers. Pod ^-^ in. broad, not constricted, 4- 12-
seeded.

3. P. peduncular is, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5354 ; herbaceous, stipules
basifixed, flower-pedicels exceeding the calyx, calyx-teeth small deltoid, corolla
middle-sized, pod glabrous membranous. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 124.
Neustanthus peduncularis, Benth. PI. Jungh. 235.

198 L. leguminos^e. (J. G. Baker.) [Pueraria.

East Himalayas and Khasia Mts., temperate region, alt. 5-9000 ft.; Nipal,
Sikkim, Mishmi.

Copiously twining, the slender firm branches clothed with short deflexed deciduous
hairs. Leaflets membranous, green, with a few short hairs above, grey, densely
shortly downy beneath ; end one roundish, acuminate, 4-6 in. long. Racemes £-1 ft.,
short-peduncled, moderately close ; nodes never produced into branches. Pedicels
£-£ in., spreading, densely fascicled. Calyx £ in., finely grey-silky. Corolla
reddish, ^ in. long ; standard £ in. broad, not spurred ; keel with a deep purple tip.
Upper stamen at last nearly free. Pod quite straight, strap-shaped, 2-3 in. by \ in.,
quite glabrous, 4-8-seeded, turgid opposite the seeds.

4. P. Wallichii, DC. Prodr. ii. 240 ; shrubby, stipules basifixed, flower-
pedicels at most equalling the calyx, calyx-teeth deltoid, corolla middle-sized,
pod glabrous rigid-coriaceous. DC. Mem. Leg. t. 43; Wall. Cat. 5353 ; Benth.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 124. P. composita, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5570.

East Himalayas, tropical region ; Nipal, Silhet, Khasia, Mishmi, ascending
to 5000 ft. Biema ; Taong-dong, Wallich.

Branches slender, terete, glabrous. Leaflets membranous or subcoriaceous, green,
glabrescent above, grey with a few adpressed hairs beneath ; end one 4-6 in. long,
obovate-cuspidate, with a deltoid base. Racemes copious, \-^ ft. long, often fascicled
or panicled ; pedicels finely silky, densely fascicled, the nodes often lengthened out
into short branchlets (P. composita, "VVall.). Calyx gibbous, ^ in. ; teeth obscure.
Corolla reddish, ^-§ in. long ; limb of standard twice as long as broad, not sparred at
the base. Pod straight, 4-5 in. long, the sutures sometimes slightly repand.

5. P. S tracheyi, Baker ; herbaceous, stipules deciduous, flower-pedicels
nearly or quite as long as the calyx, calyx-teeth large nearly as long as the tube,
corolla large.

Kumaon, Kalimundi, alt. 7300 ft., Strachey and Winterbottom.

Branches slender, with a few short deciduous hairs. Leaflets membranous, very
thin, with a few obscure adpressed hairs on both surfaces, green above, paler below ; end
one obovate-oblong, cuspidate, rather rounded at the base, 3-4 in. long. Flowers in a
long lax simple subsecund raceme, with a subglabrous rachis ; pedicels £-£ iu. Calyx
subglabrous, § in. long ; lower tooth lanceolate, £ in. long, the others much shorter.
Corolla reddish, f-^ in. long ; standard ^ in. broad, distinctly spurred. Pod
unknown.

6. P. Thomson!, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 122 j shrubby,, stipules
fixed by the centre, pedicels very short, calyx-teeth 3-4 times the tube, corolla
large, pod densely clothed with long silky hairs. Dolichos spicatus, Wall. Cat.
5557 C D. grandifolius, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5556.

East Himalaya, temperate region. Assam, Jenkins, Mrs. Mack. Khasia, 5-7000
ft., Griffith, Hook. fil. and Thomson. , Silhet, Gomez.

A climber, with slender branches, clothed with deciduous deflexed fine brownish
hairs. Stipules persistent, ^-f in. long- leaflets membranous, green, with a few
obscure adpressed hairs above, grey with dense thin hairs beneath ; end one roundish,
obtuse or cuspidate, 6-9 in. long, rarely faintly lobed. Racemes close, simple, 6-9 in.
long. Calyx ^ in. long, densely -silky ; teeth lanceolate. Corolla reddish, half as
long again as the calyx ; standard £ in. broad, distinctly spurred. Pod 4-5 in. by
-§-£ in., flat, straight, membranous, 8-12-seeded.

7. P. stricta, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 254 ; herbaceous,
erect, pedicels longer than the very small calyx, pod glabrous 7-9-seeded.

Pegu and Mabtaban, Rurzs-

A perennial, 2-4 ft. high, with subterete branches, tomentose when young. Leaflets

Pueraria.'] • l. leguminos^:. (J. G. Baker.) 199

chartaceous, thinly clothed -with adpressed hairs on both sides ; end one ovate acute,
2-3 in. long. Racemes canescent, axillary and forming a terminal panicle ; fruit,
pedicels £ in. ; bracts small, subulate, persistent. Calyx 1 in., puberulous. Corolla
unknown. Pod linear, l-l£ in. by \ in., flat, pale. — I have seen no specimens.

8. P. hirsuta, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 254 ; herbaceous,
twining, pedicels very short, calyx very small, pod clothed with few spreading
hairs 2-4-seeded.

Pegu, Kurz.

Perennial, the obtuse angles of the branches beset with retrorse adpressed hairs.
Leaflets chartaceous, furnished, especially below, with sparse adpressed hairs ; end
one ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2^-3£ in. long. Racemes axillary, densely pilose,
usually 2-3-nate ; bracts caducous ; fruit-pedicels ^ in. Corolla unknown. Pod
linear-oblong, ^-1 in. by \ in., flat, slightly torulose. — I have seen no specimens.

9. P. brachycarpa, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 243 ; xliii.
2, 185 ; herbaceous, twining or diffuse, pedicels as long as the calyx, calyx very
small, pod with a few adpressed hairs 5-6-seeded.

Pegu, Kurz.

A perennial, with long branches, clothed on the acute angles with retrorse hairs.
Stipules small, lanceolate acuminate ; leaflets chartaceous, with scattered adpressed
hairs on both surfaces ; end one ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1^-2 in. long. Racemes 1-2,
stiff, axillary, pilose ; bracts minute, subulate, persistent. Calyx ^ in., pubescent.
Corolla unknown. Pod, linear-oblong, 1 in. by | in., pale, compresced, torulose. — I
have seen no specimens.

Subgex. 3. Schizophyllon. Leaflets usually deeply lobed, contem-
paraneous with the flowers. Pod £- £ in. broad, rather turgid, recurved at the
tip, 10-15-seeded.

10. P. phaseoloides, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 125. Dolichos
phasecloides, Roxb. Fl. 2nd. iii. 316. Neustanthus subspicatus and phaseoloides,
Benth. PL Jungh. 234, 235. Dolichos viridis, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5559. D.
spicatus, Wall. Cat. 5557 A. B. Phaseolus decurrens, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5612.
Pueraria subspicata, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 125. D. ficifolius, Gh'ah. in
Wall. Cat. 5563.

East Himalayas, tropical region ; Assam, Sikkim, Khasia, Sixhet, Chittagong,
Birma, Pegu, Tenasserim, Penang and Malacca. — Distrib. China, Malay isles.

Stems wide-twining, often scarcely woody, clothed with dense spreading brown
hairs. Stipules small, lanceolate, basifixed.; leaflets membranous, green above,
thinly clothed with adpressed bristly hairs, grey and densely matted beneath ; end one
very variable in size and shape, roundish, broad ovate or rhomboidal, entire or
shallowly or deeply 3-lobed, 3-6 in. long. Flowers fascicled in copious long-peduncled
racemes ; pedicels very short ; bracts and-, bracteoles lanceolate, strongly nerved, like
those of Shuteria, the latter subpersistent. Calyx £-§ in. long, densely clothed with
adpressed bristly hairs ; lowest tooth lanceolate, as long as tube, others shorter, all
setaceous at the tip. Corolla reddish, twice the calyx ; blade of standard roundish,
distinctly spurred. Pod glabrescent, 3-4 in. long. — N. sericans, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat.
i. 218, is a form with thin adpressed pubescence and large entire leaflets.

Var. javanicus, Benth. (sp.) ; leaflets small thick entire obtuse densely pubescent,
end one nearly as broad as long with a deltoid base. Pueraria javanica, Benth. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 125. Neustanthus javanicus, Benth. PL Jung. 235 ; Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. 218, t. 4 B. Pachyrhizus mollis, Hassk. Cat. Bogor. 280. — Khasia and
Malacca.

200 L. leguminosjj. (J. G. Baker.) [Phaseolus.

> 73. PHASEOLUS, Linn.

Twiners, usually herbaceous, with 3-foliolate stipellate leaves. Flowers in
copious axillary racemes ; bracteoles usually conspicuous and persistent. Calyx
campanulate, the lowest tooth usually longer than the rest and the two upper-
most subconnate. Corolla much exserted, the keel prolonged into a very long
beak which forms a complete, or in § Dysolobium, nearly complete, spiral.
Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled ; style
filiform, twisted round with the keel, conspicuously bearded down the side
below the very oblique stigma. Pod linear, rarely oblong, subterete or sub-
compressed, more or less distinctly septate between the seeds. — Distrib. Species
about 60, mostly tropical, many widely cultivated, especially in America.

Stjbgen\ 1. Phaseolus proper. Stipules small, basifixed. Pods^- fin.
broad, subcompressed. Keel prolonged into a complete spiral.

1. P, lunatus, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 393 ; twining, racemes lax short-
peduncled many- dowered, pedicels longer than the calyx, corolla small greenish-
yellow, bracteoles minute, pod recurved oblong 2-4-seeded. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii.
287 ; W.8f A. Prodr. 244. P. vulgaris, Wall. Cat. 5595, non Linn.

Everywhere cultivated, probably a native of America. — Distrib. Everywhere in
the tropics.

A tall biennial, with stems at first minutely downy, soon glabrescent, easily dis-
tinguished from all the other species by the shape of the pod, which is 2-3 in. by
•§-§ in., less turgid than in any of the others, with the upper suture recurved and the
lower broadly rounded. Eacemes reach ^ ft. long, the lower fascicles distant, with
2-4-flowers to a node ; pedicels finally \-^ in. long. Calyx ~ in. ; teeth all very
short. Corolla 3-4 times the calyx. Seeds large, very variable in colour. — P.
inamcenus, Linn., Xuaresii, Zucc, puberulus, H.B.K., and tunkinensis, Lour., are
cultivated varieties.

2. P. vulgaris, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 392; suberect or twining, racemes
lax subsessile few-flowered, pedicels longer than the calyx, corolla middle-sized
white or lilac-purple, bracteoles often exceeding the calyx, pods linear recurved
4-6-seeded. Roxb. Fl. Lid. iii. 287 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 243, non Wall. P.
nanus, Linn. ; DC. ; Roxb. ; W. fy A. loc. cit. P. compressus, oblongus, sapo-
naceus, tumidus, haematocarpus, sphaericus and gonospermus, DC. loc. cit.

Universally cultivated, but not anywhere clearly known as a wild plant. —
Distrib. Spread everywhere, both in tropical and temperate regions.

A subglabrous annual. Stems low and suberect (P. nanus, Linn.) or twining to a
height of 6-10 ft. (P. vulgaris, Linn.). Racemes much shorter than the leaves;
pedicels finally \-^ in. long ; bracteoles ovate or roundish, persistent. Pod 4-6 in.
by ^ in., glabrous, rostrate, turgid. — The Scarlet Eunner, P. multiflorus, Willd. ; DC.
Prodr. ii. 392 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 244 ; P. coccineus, Lam., differs by its bright scarlet
casually white flowers, arranged in long racemes which often overtop the leaves.

3. P. adenanthus, G. F. Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 239 ; twining, racemes
dense capitate, pedicels very short, corolla large red, pod linear recurved manv-
seeded. P. rostratus, Wall. PI. As. Rar. t. 63 ; Wall. Cat. 5610 ; W. $ A.
Prodr. 244 ; Wight Lc. t. 34. P. alatus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54 ; Fl. Lnd. iii.
288, non Linn. P. amarus, Roxb. MSS. P. cirrhosus and truxillensis, H.B.K. ;
DC. Prodr. ii. 391, 392. P. senegalensis, Guill. $ Per. Fl. Seneg. 217.

Phaseolus.~\ L. leguminos^e. (J. G. Baker.) 201

Spread in the plains from the Himalayas to Ceylon, not cultivated. — Distrlb.
Cosmopolitan in the Tropics.

A subglabrous perennial, with firmer leaves than in the cultivated species.
Stipules £ in., often reflexed ; leaflets entire, 3-4 in. long, subacute. Flowers very
showy, crowded in a short-peduncled raceme. Calyx \ in. ; lower teeth lanceolate- or
deltoid-setaceous. Standard nearly 1 in. broad. Pod 4-6 in. by ^ in., glabrous,
much recurved, 10-15-seeded, subtorulose.

Subgen. 2. Macroptilium. Connects § 1 and 3, agreeing with the
former in its basifixed stipules and with the latter in its narrow turgid pods.

4. P. tenuicaulis, Baker ; a subglabrous slender twiner, stipules minute
lanceolate, racemes few-flowered crowded subsessile, bracteoles lanceolate very
minute, calyx campanulate with deltoid teeth, corolla small. P. sublobatus
var. ? tenuicaulis, Grah. in Wall, Cat, 5598.

Birma ; Prome hills, Wallich.

Stems very slender, annual ? at first minutely puberulent. Stipules not more than
■j^ in. ; leaflets membranous, glabrous, the end one ovate, acute, entire, 2-3 in. long.
Racemes 5-6-flowered ; lower pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx glabrous, -^ in.
Corolla 3 times the calyx, reddish. Pod unknown, so that its position is doubtful.

5. P. Grahamianus, W. fy A. Prodr. 244 ; a glabrous perennial twiner,
stipules minute lanceolate, racemes lax short-peduncled, bracteoles lanceolate very
minute, calyx campanulate with deltoid teeth, corolla middle-sized. Thwaites
Enum. 90. /

Carnatic ; Courtallum, Wight. Ceylon ; on the shore at Batticaloa, Thwaites.

Copiously twining, with slender woody branches. Stipules as in the last ; leaflets
quite glabrous on both sides, the end one o.vate acute, 2-3 in. long, rather deltoid at
the base. Racemes 2-4 in. long ; peduncles about as long as the leaves ; pedicels
geminate,' the lower finally as long as the calyx. Calyx ^ in. long. Corolla reddish,
3-4 times the calyx. Pod linear, glabrous, rather recurved, many-seeded, 2^-3 in. by
£ir,.

6. P. sesnierectus, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 396 ; shrubby, suberect, with
flex nose branches clothed with long deciduous deflexed hajrs, stipules con-
spicuous lanceolate-setaceous, peduncles and racemes very long, bracteoles seta-
ceous, calvx tubuloso-campanulate with aristate teeth, corolla middle-sized.
Jacq. ' Ic. t. 558 ; Pot. Keg. t. 743. P. psoraleoides, W. § A. Prodr. 244 ;
Wight Ic. t. 249.

Spread through the Western Peninsula and Ceylon, but probably not wild.—
Distrib. Trop. America, Malaya.

Stems tall, suberect and shrubby in the lowxr part, quite terete. Stipules ^-f in.
long; leaflets entire, membranous, soon glabrescent, thicker than in most of the
species, the end one ovate, entire, acute or subobtuse, 2-3 in. long, usually deltoid at
the base. Peduncles reaching a foot and racemes half a foot long ; pedicels very short,
geminate. Calyx under \ in. long, split open by the pod. Corolla deep purple and
white, 3-4 times the calyx. Pod 3-4 in. by ^ in., glabrous, rather recurved, many-
seeded.

Sttbgen-. 3. Strophostyles. Stipules inserted above the base. Pods
under £ in. thick, subterete. Keel prolonged into a complete spiral. Flotvers
yellow. Racemes very close.

7. P. trilobus, Ait. Sort. Kew, iii. 30 ; stems slender diffuse glabrous

Ltly hairy, stipules oblong, leaflets more or less deeply 3-lobed with the
central division spathulate, racemes capitate, bracteoles ovate, flowers minute.
Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 298 ; Wall. Cat. 5588 A-K. ; W. & A. Prodr. 246 ; Wight

202 L. leguminos^i. (J. G. Baker.) [Phaseolus.

Ic. t. 94 ; Dalz. $r Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 71. Dolichos trilobatus, Linn. ; Burm. Fl.
Ind. t. 50, fig. 1. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 399.

Himalayas to Ceylon and Birma, wild and commonly cultivated, ascending to
7000 ft. in the north-west. — Distrib. Afghanistan, Malay isles, Nubia, Abyssinia.

Perennial or annual. Stems trailing to a length of 1-2 feet, glabrous or furnished
with a few deciduous spreading hairs. Stipules 4,-f in., attached near the base ;
leaflets membranous, glabrous, or with only a few obscure loose or short hairs, rhom-
boid or orate, 1-2 in. long, very rarely entire (var. oxalideus, Grah., P. corntjttjs,
Blume), usually shallowly lobed in the annual cultivated, deeply lobed in the perennial
wild form, the central divisions broad, spoon -shaped, obtuse. Flowers in a close,
deltoid head, on a peduncle that usually overtops the leaves ; pedicels very short.
Calyx campanulate, ^-y^ in., pale yellow; teeth deltoid. Corolla underpin, long.
Pod 1-2 in. by £ in., subcylindrical, glabrous, recurved, fi-12-seeded.

8. P. aconitif olius, Jacq. Obs. iii. t. 52 ; stems slender suberect or diffuse
slightly hairy, stipules lanceolate, leaflets deeply 3-lobed with the central
division ligulate, racemes capitate, bracteoles linear, flowers minute. Ro.vb.
Fl. Ind. iii. 299 ; W. fy A. Prodr. 247 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 394. P. trilobus, Wall.
Cat. 5588 L-N. Dolichos dissectus, Lam. Diet. ii. 300.

Himalayas to Ceylon, tropical region, up to 4000 ft. in the north-west.

Closely allied to the last, with which it agrees in flowers and general habit. Stems
more copiously clothed with loose deflexed. fine brownish hairs. Stipules much
smaller and narrower. Peduncles hairy, like the stems ; bracteoles twice as long as
the calyx, their setaceous ciliated tips protruding beyond the buds. Pods rather
stouter than in P. trilobus and seeds larger.

9. P. grandis, Dalz. Sf Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 72, non Wall. Cat. 5602;
steins stout suberect, stipules very large obovate, leaflets obovate entire or dis-
tinctly lobed, racemes close, bracteoles enclosing the calyx and corolla, corolla
middle-sized.

Concan, on the highest ghauts east of Bombay, Stocks, Balzell.

Stems as robust as in the Common Bean, 2-4 ft. high, clothed with adpressed
deciduous blackish bristles. Stipules persistent, ciliated, obovate-spathulate, 1-2 in.
long, attached a little above the cordate base ; leaflets rather fleshy, 3-4 in. long,
clothed with short deciduous firm grey bristles, deltoid or rather rounded at the base,
lobed only in the upper half. Racemes copious, on short or long suberect densely
bristly peduncles ; bracteoles nerved, obovate-oblong, ^-^ in. long. Calyx ^ in. ;
teeth lanceolate. Pod 2-3 in. long, at first densely bristly.

10. P. pauciflorus, Dalz. in Kew Journ. iii. 209 ; stems very slender
twining subglabrous, stipules minute lanceolate, leaflets membranous entire or
faintly lobed, racemes capitate, bracteoles linear, flowers minute, pod glabrous,
Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 72.

Southern Concan, common, Balzell, Stocks.

Stems very slender, climbing, quite glabrous when mature. Stipules ^ in. ;
leaflets ovate, acute, l£-2 in. long, green above, paler beneath. Flowers 2-4, at the
end of a slender peduncle about as long as the leaves ; bracteoles twice as long as the
calyx ; pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx not more than ^ in. ; teeth shorter
than the tube, lowest lanceolate. Corolla \ in., pale yellow. Pod 1^—2 in. by ^ in.,
subcylindrical, slightly recurved, 6-10-seeded.

P. srBLOBATtrs, Wall. Cat. 5598 C, from the estuary of the Irrawaddi, is closely
allied to this, but at present is known only in the flowering state. It has firmer
•leaves, thinly clothed with adpressed grey bristles, 6-12-flowered short-ped uncled
racemes not closely capitate, and lanceolate bracteoles not longer than the calyx.

Phaseolus.'] l. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) 203

11. P. Xttung'O, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 395'; stems suberect or flexuose
more or less densely clothed with loose deflexed hairs, stipules ovate, leaflets
membranous entire, rarely faintly lobed, racemes capitate, bracteoles ovate or
lanceolate, flowers middle-sized, pod clothed with long spreading deciduous
silky hairs. jloxb..Fl. Ind, iiL._2£2.£&eeds green) ; Wall. Cat. 5589 (in greater
part) ; W. # A. Prodr. lJ45. J\ Max, Roxb. Hart. Beng. 55 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 295
(seeds' black): Wall. Cat. 5606. P. . aureus, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5590 (seeds
yellow). P. hirtus, Retz. Obs. iii. 38, non Wall.

Wild and universally cultivated in the plains throughout our limits in a large
number of forms, ascending to 6000 ft. in the N.W. Himalayas. — Distrib. Spread
through tropics of Old World.

Stems annual, suberect in the typical form, 1-2 ft. high, copiously branched from
the base, clothed with fine long deciduous brownish silky hairs. Stipules |-£ in.
long, attached near the base ; leaflets membranous, with scattered adpressed hairs on
both sides, 2-4 in. long, roundish, acute or subobtuse, deltoid or rather rounded at
the base. Flowers about half a dozen at the very end of short peduncles, clothed like
the stems ; pedicels very short. Calyx £-£ in. ; lower tooth deltoid or lanceolate.
Corolla §-£ in., yellow. Pod 1^-2^- in. long by £- i in., subcylindrical, slightly
recurved, 10-15-seeded.

Var. 1. glaber, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 291 (sp.), non Schlecht. ; habit of the type,
but stem leaves and pod quite glabrous. Wall. Cat. 5604. P. Mungo, P., Wall. Cat.
5589, ex parte. P. glabrescens, Steud. Nomenc. edit. 2, ii. 317. A cultivated form.

Var. 2. Wightianus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5591 (sp.) ; stems elongated slender
flexuose finely hairy, the hairs short and grey, leaflets thinner. P. Wightii, W. $ A.
Prodr. 245. P. subvolubilis, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5605.

Var. 3. radiatus, Linn, (sp.) ; stems elongated twining densely clothed, as are the
peduncles and pod with long ferruginous deflexed silky hairs, leaflets firmer than in
the last, similar to those of the type. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 296 ; Wall. Cat. 5592 ; DC.
Prodr. ii. 395. P. Koxburghii, W. $ A. Prodr. 246. P. Mungo, Wall. Cat. 5589, ex
P. setulosus, Dalz. in Kew Journ. ii. 33 ; Dalz. $• Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 72. Vigna
opisrrtricha, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 220.

12. P. trinervius, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 5603 ; stems twining densely
clothed with deflexed ferruginous hairs, stipules middle-sized oblong, leaflets entire
or faintly lobed persistently pilose on both surfaces, racemes close, bracteoles
oblong-lanceolate, pod at first densely silky. W. § A. Prodr. 245 ; Dalz. fy
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 71. P. faiinosus, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 395 ?

Plains, of Western Peninsula and Ceyeon, ascending to 4000 ft. — Distrib.
Malaya.

Perennial. Stems copiously twining, never suberect. Stipules like those of P.
Mungo, but apparently attached higher up. Leaflets thicker in texture, often dis-
tinctly lobed, ovate, acute, 2-4 in. long, dark green, scabrous, with adpressed grey
bristly hairs above, still more hairy beneath. Flowers 6-12, on long downy peduncles,
the raceme finally 1-2 in. long ; pedicels very short. Calyx ^ in. ; teeth deltoid.
Corolla 3-4 times the calyx, yellow or reddish. Pod 2-2^- in. long, 10-12-seeded,
slightly recurved. — Closely allied to P. Mungo, var. radiatus, and probably a fourth
variety of that species.

13. P. calcaratus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54; Fl. Ind. iii. 289; stems
suberect or flexuose clothed with fine deciduous deflexed hairs, stipules lanceo-
late^ leaflets entire or faintly lobed, racemes not capitate, bracteoles linear,
flowers middle-sized, pod glabrous. Wall. Cat. 5611 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 245.
P. sublobatus, Wall. Cat. 5598 A, B. P. hirtus, Wall. Cat. 5593. P. Mungo,
Wall. Cat. 5589 0, ex parte. P. pubescens, Blume ; Miq. Flo?: Ind. Bat. i. 200.

Himalayas to Ceyeon, in the tropical zone, both wild and commonly cultivated,
ascending to 5000 ft. in Khasli. — Distrib. Malaya.

204 L. leguminos^}. (J. G. Baker.) , [Phaseolus.

Closely allied to P. Mungo', and equally variable in general habit. Hairs of the
stem short, but spreading, not ferruginous. Stipules much smaller and narrower ;
leaflets membranous, subglabrous, 2-4 in. long, the end one broad-ovate, acute.
Flowers 10-20, the lower pedicels as long as the calyx, and the raceme finally 2-3 in.
long. Calyx £ in. ; teeth short, deltoid. Corolla % in., yellow. Pod 2^-3 in.^ by
£-i in., not so cylindrical as in P. Mungo, 8-1 2- seeded* glabrous from the beginning,
considerably recurved. — P. torosus, Roxb. Fl. lnd. iii. 298, is probably a cultivated
form, with short suberect stems and subsessile congested racemes.

Stjbgen. 4. Dysolobium. Stipules small, basifixed, caducous. Pod
linear, subterete, densely velvety or bristly. Wings distinctly shorter than
the other petals. Keel prolonged into a long incurved beak but not forming
a complete spiral. — Connects Phaseolus and Vigna.

14. P. fuscus, Wall. PL As. Par. 6, t. 6 ; Cat. 5613 ; stems slender
annual, leaflets ovate acute twice as long as broad softly downy, racemes skort-
peduncled few-flowered lax, corolla middle-sized. Dunbaria fusca, Kurz in
Journ. As. Soc. Peng, xliii. 2, 186.

Biema ; Prome hills, Wallich.

Stems firm, wide-twining, with many grooves. Leaflets membranous, dull green,
thinly pubescent above, grey-green, more densely downy beneath, always entire, rounded
at the base, narrowed gradually to a point, the end one 3-4 in. long. Peduncles 1-1 £
in. long. Racemes 2-3 in. long, copious, much shorter than the leaves ; pedicels
geminate,, spreading, ~-£ in. Calyx under £ in., subglabrous, very gibbous, with a
few long deciduous bristles ; teeth ciliated, the lowest lanceolate, shorter than the
tube. Corolla £ in. ; standard ^ in. broad, yellowish with red-brown lines externally ;
keel and wings yellow. Pod linear, 2-3 in. by \-^ in., brown, clothed with spreading
brownish hairs, many- seeded.

15. P. velutinus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5615; stems woody, leaflets
roundish cuspidate glabrescent above, racemes long-peduncled many-flowered,
corolla large. P. grandis, Wall. Cat. 5602, non Dalzell. Canavalia grandis,
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Peng, xliii. 2, 185.

East Himalayas, tropical zone ; Nipal, Assam, Chittagong. Ava, Mottlmein,
Pegu.

A woody climber, with very large leaves and flowers, by far the most showy of all
the species. Stems terete, minutely pubescent. Leaflets thin, but flexible, full green,
subscabrous at first above, paler green beneath, with copious obscure bristly hairs,
broadly rounded at the base, 6-9 in. long. Racemes and woody terete peduncles
reaching each 6-9 in. long ; pedicels jt- J in. ; bracteoles roundish, minute, adpressed
to the calyx. Calyx ^ in., finely silky ; lowest tooth lanceolate, shorter than of the
tube, the others much shorter still. Corolla reddish, more than twice as long as the
calyx ; standard 1 in. broad. Pod almost woody, subcylindrical, straight, ^-§ ft. by
% in., deeply channelled down both sutures, densely brown-velvety.

74. VIGNA, Savi.

Twining herbs or shrubs, with exactly the habit of Phaseolus, from which
they differ by having the style and keel much less curved and lengthened tout.
Calyx campanulate ; teeth long or short, the upper often connate. Corolla much
exserted ; keel truncate or in § Plectrotropis prolonged into an ascending or
slightly recurved beak. Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile,
many-ovuled ; style long, filiform, bearded along the inner face below the oblique
stigma. Pod linear, subterete, subseptate. — Distkib. Species 40-50, mostly
tropical, one widely cultivated.

l. leguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) 205

Voandezia stjbterranea, Thouars; DC. Prodr. ii. 474, which is allied to Vigna,
but may be easily known by its 1-2 ovulate ovary, which, by the torsion of the pe-
duncle is thrust below the soil to ripen, and becomes a tuber-like pod, is occasionally
cultivated, but less frequently than in Tropical Africa. Its native country is not
clearly known.

Sitbgen. 1. Vigna proper. Keel not prolonged into a beak.

1. V. repens, Baker ; stems trailing very slender, stipules minute lan-
ceolate basifixed, leaflets membranous entire acute, flowers 1-2 together on very
short geminate peduncles. Phaseolug repens, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5608.

Birma, near Prome, Wallich.

Stems herbaceous, wide-creeping, glabrous. Leaflets firm, glabrous ; the end one
ovate, acute, 2-3/ in. long. Pedicels very short, pubescent. Calyx \ in., slightly
downy ; teeth lanceolate-deltoid, shorter than the tube. Corolla reddish, 3 times the
length of the calyx. Pod unknown.

2. V. lute a, A. Gray in Bat. Wilkes Exped. i. 452 ; stems perennial
trailing, stipules minute lanceolate basifixed, leaflets obovate obtuse rather fleshy
entire, racemes many-flowered long-peduncled, pods short few-seeded. Dolichos
luteus, Siu. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 398. Vigna anomala, Walp. Bep. i. 779. V. retusa,
Walp. Rep. i. 778. Phaseolus obovatus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5609.

Martaban ; Amherst, Wallich. Andamans, Kurz. Malacca, Griffith. — Dis-
trib. Trop. America, Africa, Polynesia, Cap9, N. Australia.

Stems wide-trailing, perennial, much stouter than in the last. Leaflets glabrous,
with a subdeltoid base, the end one 2-3 in. long. Peduncles equalling or exceeding
the leaves. Flowers 6-20, in a close raceme. Calyx campanulate, subglabrous, ^in. ;
teeth deltoid. Corolla yellow, 3-4 times the calyx. Pod 2-3 in. by § in., quite glab-
rous from an early stage, subtorulose, 4-6-seeded.

3. V. luteola, Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. xv. 194, t. 50, fig. 2 ; stems
slender herbaceous wide-twining subglabrous, stipules minute lanceolate basi-
fixed, leaflets ovate acute membranous entire, vanemes many-flowered long-pe-
duncled, corolla middle-sized, r>od short lew-seeded. Dolichos luteolus, Jacq.
Sort. Vind. i. 39, t. 90. D. gangeticus, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 310 ; Wall. Cat.
5546. Vigna glabra and villosa, Savi; DC. Prodr. ii. 401.

Bengal ; Sunderbunds, Boxburgh, G. Thomson. Ceylon, Thwaites. Pegu,
Kurz. — Distrib. Cosmopolitan in tropics, Cape.

A trailing or twining perennial. Leaflets glabrous, or with a \few spreading grey
silky hairs, narrowed gradually to a point, always entire, the end one 2-3 in. long.
Flowers 12-20, on peduncles equalling or exceeding the leaves ; pedicels slightly
downy, finally as long as the calyx ; bracts and bracteoles very minute. Calyx J— £ in.,
subglabrous ; lower tooth lanceolate, as long as the tube, the others deltoid. Corolla
3-4 times the calyx. Pod glabrescent, recurved, 2-4 in. by ^ in., 6-12-seeded.

4. V. Catiang-, Endl. ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 188 ; annual, suberect or
twining, stipules large attached above the base, leaflets membranous ovate-
rhomboidal entire or slightly lobed, racemes few-flowered long-peduncled, pod
very long many-seeded. Dolichos Catiang, Linn ; DC. Prodr. ii. 399; Boxb.
Fl. Ind. iii. 303 ; Wall. Cat. 5549. D. sinensis, Linn. ; DC. loc. cit. ; Boxb.
Fl. Ind. iii. 302 ; Wall. Cat. 5550 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2232 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 250.
Vigna sinensis, Endl. ; Hassk. PI. Jav. Bar. 386. Dolichos tranquebaricus,
Jacq. Hort. Vind. iii. t. 70. D. monachalis, Brot. ; DC. Prodr. loc. cit.

Native and universally cultivated in the tropical zone. — Distrib. Tropics of old
world.

206 l. 'leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) [Vigna.

Low and suberect ( V. Catiang) or tall and voluble (V. sinensis), always glabrous or
nearly so. Stipules f~£ in. long, attached and persistent as in Phaseolus § Stropho-
stylis ; leaflets membranous, 3-6 in. long, acute, very variable in shape, broad or nar-
row ovate, or ovate-rhomboidal, with the two sides below the middle prolonged into
obtuse lobes. Peduncles often exceeding the leaves, 3-6-flowered ; pedicels very short.
Calyx glabrous, under ^ in ; teeth lanceolate or deltoid- cuspidate. Corolla yellow or
reddish, twice the calyx. Pod in some of the cultivated forms 1 or even 2 feet long,'
under ^ in. broad, edible ; seeds 10 to 20.

Stjbgen. 2. Plectrotropis. Keel prolonged into a distinct beak, so that
this group connects Vigna proper with Phaseolus.

5. V. vexillata, Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. xv. 194, t. 50, fig. 1 ; stems
herbaceous with a few deflexed brown hairs, leaflets membranous ovate or lan-
ceolate acute, flowers 2-4 at the end of long peduncles, corolla large, pod
slender glabrescent. Phaseolus vexillatus, Linn.'Sp. PI. 101 7. P. sepiarius, Balz.
in Keiv Journ. u. 33 ; Bomb. Flora, 72. P. pulniensis, Wight Ic. t. 202. P.
angustifolius, Wall. Cat. 5596. P. fusiformis, Grah. in 'Wall. Cat. 5607.
Vigna carinalis, Benth. Bot. Sulph. 86.— Dill. Hort. Elth. ii. t. 302.

Himalayas, from Simla, to Kumaon and Khasia, ascending to 8000 ft.. Hills of
West Peninsula and Ceylon. — Distbib. Cosmopolitan in tropics. Cape, Australia. .

Eodt fusiform, perennial. _ Stems wide-twining, glabrescent when mature. Sti-
pules ^— y in., lanceolate, basifixed ; leaflets with few or copious adpressed brownish
or grey hairs, varying in shape from broad ovate to lanceolate, 2-6 in. long, always
acute, the base rounded. Peduncles \-\ ft. ; bracteoles setaceous. Calyx f- h in.,
silky ; teeth linear-lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla reddish-purple. 1 in. or
more long ; standard 1-1^ in. broad. Pod 3-4 in. by | in., thinly silky at first,
10-15-seeded.

Vab. StocJcsii, Benth. ; leaflets small ovate, brown hairs of the leaves and stem
more abundant and persistent. Concan, Stocks.

6. V. brachycarpa, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xliii. 2, 185 ; stems
herbaceous slightly hairy. leafU js chartaceous linear or lanceolate-deltoid acu-
minate, flowers few crowded at tlie end of long peduncles, corolla small, pod
linear-oblong with a few long hairs.

Abbacan, Kurz.

A perennial climber, with filiform stems. Stipules 5—5 in., linear-oblong, peltate ;
petiole 1-1^ in., pilose ; leaflets 1-2 in., thinly hairy on both sides. Peduncles equal-
ling or exceeding petioles ; pedicels very short. Calyx glabrous, £ in. f teeth broad,
short, acute. Corona yellow, i in. Pod 1 in. byi in., stiff, compressed, black, many-
seeded. I have seen no specimens.

7. V. Wig"litii, Benth. MSS. ; stems woody finely grey-downy, leaflets
subcoriaceous small ovate subobtuse, flowers 2-3 on the end of long peduncles,
corolla large. Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 296.

Cabnatic ; Courtallum, Wight, Thomson,

A slender twiner, with slender sulcate glabrescent stems. Stipules minute, lan-
ceolate, basifixed. caducous ; leaflets glabrescent above, thinly silky below, 2-3 in.
h ng. Peduncles reach 6-9 in ; pedicels very short ; bracteoles minute, setaceous.
Calyx § in., finely downy ; lower teeth linear, nearly as long as the tube. Corolla
reddish, 1^- in. long; standard roundish, emarginate, 1^ in. broad. Pod not known.

8. V. doliclioides, Baker ; stems woody with short adpressed grey
haivs, leaflets subcoriaceous roundish cuspidate with copious adpressed bristly
-hairs, racemes many-flowered short-peduncled, corolla middle-sized, pod stout
£:!iort clothed with dense firm spreading grey silky hairs. Pkaseobas dolicho-

Vigna.~\ L. leguminoss. (J. G. Bakery) 207

ides, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 290 ; Wall. Cat. 5600. Mucuna
recta, Wall. Cat. 5625. Dolichos dasycarpus, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 186.
Canavalia dolichoides, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xliv. 2, 185.

East Himalayas, tropical zone ; Selhet, Khasia and Assam. — Distrib. Java.

Stems wide-twining, clothed densely with persistent rather bristly pale brown
hairs. Stipules lanceolate, minute ; leaflets always entire, as broad as long, flexible,
4-6 in. long, densely clothed, especially below, with short bristly hairs. Racemes
2-3 in., conical in bud, sometimes nearly sessile ; pedicels shorter than the calyx ;
bracteoles minute, lanceolate. Calyx £ in., clothed with adpressed hairs ; teeth del-
toid, lowest lanceolate. Corolla reddish, 3-4 times the calyx. Pod 2-3 in. by £ in.,
tirm, cylindrical, 5-6-seeded, the very dense spreading velvety hairs persistent.

9« V. pilosa, Bake?", stems slender woody finely grey-downy, leaflets
membranous ovate acute with a few short adpressed hairs, racemes many-
flowered short-peduncled, corolla middle-sized, pod slender clothed with dense
silkv hairs. Dolichos pilosus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 55 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 312 ; DC.
Prodr. ii. 397 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 249. Phaseoliis difformis, Wall. Cat. 5599.

East Himalayas, tropical zone ; Assam, Nifal, Sikkim, Prome, Western
Peninsula and Orissa.

Branches very slender, but firm, glabrescent. Stipules minute, lanceolate, cadu-
cous; leaflets usually twice as long as broad, narrowed gradually to a point, 4-6 in.
long, thin, but firm, both sides subscabrous. Racemes 2-3 in. long, much ^horter
than the leaves ; pedicels finally^- in. ; bracts and bracteoles minute. Calyx \-^ in.,
thinly silky, oblique ; lower tooth lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla reddish,
twice the calyx. Pod 4-5 in. by under \ in., beaked, rather recurved, 8-1 2-seeded,
the short fine brown hairs spreading and persistent.

10. V. lucens, Baker ; stems woody glabrous, leaflets entire naembranous
ovate acute glabrous, racemes sublax many-flowered about as long as the leaves,
corolla middle-sized, pod slender densely velvety. Phaseolus lucens, Wall. Cat.
5601. Canavalia lucens, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xliii. 2, 185.

Tavoy, Gomez.

A wide-climbing perennial, with only the youngest branches clothed with a few
adpressed grey hairs. Leaflets green on both sides, rounded at the base, narrowed
gradually to a point, 4-6 in. long; stipules minute, lanceolate, caducous. Racemes and
peduncles each 2-3 in. long; pedicels very short; bracteoles minute, ovate, Calyx
| in. long, nearly glabrous ; lower tooth lanceolate, shorter than the tube. Corolla \
reddish, 3 times the calyx. Pod beaked, many-seeded.

75. PACKYRKZZUS, Kich.

Wide-climbing herbs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate with stipellate lobed
leaflets. Racemes long, with tumid nodes and fascicled pedicels ; bracts and
bracteoles setaceous, caducous. Calyx 2-lipped, the limb as long as the tube,
the upper lip emarginate, the lower deeply 3-toothecl. Corolla much exserted,
the petals subequal ; keel obtuse. Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform.
Ovary subsessile, many-ovuled ; style long, circinate at the apex, bearded down
the inner side below the very oblique stigma. Pod large, linear, turgid, deeply
depressed between the seeds. — Disteib. Species 2 or 3, the others Mexican
and Angolan.

1. P. ang-ulatus, Rich. ) DC. Prodr. ii. 402 ; Wall. Cat. 5526; W. 8f
A. Prodr. 251. Dolichos bulbosus, Linn. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 309. P. trilobus,
DC. loc. cit.

208 ja LEGUMINOS2E. (J. G. Baker.) [PachyrMzns.

Cultivated throughout our limits, but not known in a wild state. — Distrib.
Everywhere in the tropics.

Boot a large tuber, like a turnip, which is eaten both raw and boiled. Stems wide-
twining, suflruticose, clothed with short deciduous pubescence. Leaflets large, mem-
branous, glabrous, as broad as long, deeply or shallowly lobed in the upper half, the
base deltoid. Racemes lax, £-1 ft., the lower nodes often prolonged into short
branches ; bracteoles setaceous. Calyx \ in., as long as the pedicel. Corolla xeddisk-
1 in. or more long. Pod 6-9 in. long, 8-1 2-seeded, straight, glabrescent. f-k y-uL-t-

70. CX.XTORXA, Linn.

Scandent or suberect undershrubs, with the most showy flowers of all the
Phaseolecs, 3-7-foliolate leaves, stipellate leaflets and persistent membranous small
stipules and bracts and large bracteoles. Calyx membranous, tubular ; teeth
deltoid or lanceolate. Corolla much exserted ; standard spoon-shaped, very
large ; wings and incurved keel much shorter. Stamens monadelphous or
diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary stalked, many-ovuled ; style incurved,
.flattened, bearded along the inner side. Pod linear, flattish or turgid. — Disteib.
Species 27, in tropics of old and new world, mostly the latter.
♦

T: cbg-en. 1. Ternatea. Pod flattish, the valves not keeled on the face.

l.&C, "Ternatea, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 233 ; stems terete scandent, pe-
tioles short, leaflets 5-7, flowers solitary, bracteoles large. Wall. Cat. 5344 ;
Bot. Mag. t. 1542 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 321 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 205 ; Dalz. §
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 68.

Tropical zone from the Himalayas to Ceylon, Birma, and Malacca. — Distrib. Cos-
mopolitan in the tropics, common in cultivation.

A climber, with slender downy stems. Stipules minute, linear ; petiole |-1 in. ; leaf-
lets ovate or oblong, obtuse, subcoriaceous, 1-2 in. long. Bracteoles roundish, obtuse,
^--^ in. long. Calyx i-| in. ; teeth lanceolate, half as long as the tube. Corolla
1^-2 in. ; standard 1 in. broad, bright blue, with an orange centre. Pod 2-4 in. long,
6-10-seeded.

Var. 1. pilosula, Wall. Cat. 5347 (sp.) ; leaflets and flowers much smaller, the
former ^-f in. long, standard white an inch long — Guzerat, Stocks.

2. C. biflora, Dalz. in Kew Journ. ii. 35 ; stems suberect angular, petioles
very short, leaflets 5, flowers geminate, bracteoles large. Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 68.

In the Concan, common ; Balzell, Stocks, Law.

Scarcely shrubby, the young branches densely pubescent. Stipules minute, lan-
ceolate ; petiole \-% in. ; leaflets membranous, 2-3 in. long, ovate or oblong, usually
acute. Flowers copious, scarcely peduncled ; bracteoles \— $ in., ovate or lanceolate
aristate. Calyx £-§ in. ; teeth shorter than the tube, lanceolate, aristate. Corolla
like that of the last, but much smaller. Pod 1-2 in. long, firm, 5-6-seeded.

3. C. mariana, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 234 ; a climber, petioles long, leaf-
lets 3, bracteoles small, flowers 2 peduncled, calyx glabrous, teeth much shorter
than the tune. 0. mexicana, Link. Enum. Hort. Berol. ii. 235. 0. acuminata,
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5346. 0. Grahami, Steud. ; Benth. PI. Jungh. 232.

Khasia, temperate region, alt. 5-6000 ft., Hook. fil. $ Thomson, Lobb. Tavoy,
Wallick. Distrib. Mexico, United States.

Stems slender, terete, glabrous. Stipules lanceolate, £-4 in. ; petiole 1^-2 in. ;
leaflets membranous, glabrous, ovate, pale beneath, 2-4 in. long, acute or subobtuse.
Peduncles £-2 in., with a pair of minute lanceolate bracts at the apex ; bracteoles Ian-

Clitoria.~] L. LEGUMiNOSiB. (J. G. Baker.) 209

ceolate, £-£ in. Calyx f-f in. Standard pale blue, 2 in. by 1^ in. Pod more turgid
than in the two preceding.

4. C macrophylla, Wall. Cat. 5345 ; a climber, petioles long, leaflets
3, bracteoles small, flowers 3-6 fascicled in the axils of the leaves, calyx downy,
teeth as long as the tube. ' Benth. PI. Jungh. 2312.

Martaban, Parish. Tenasserim, Heifer. Birma, Wallich.

Similar to the last in general habit, bracteoles and corolla. Petiole 2-3 in. ; leaf-
lets subcoriaceous, glabrous, oblong or obovate-oblong, 3-5 in. long, grey beneath.
Cah/x | in. long, veined like the stipules bracts and bracteoles ; teeth lanceolate, acu-
minate. Pod 2 in. long, flattish, 6-8-seeded.

°;urocarpum. Pod turgid, with a rib along the face of
thv. \a.ves.

5; C cajan^efolia, Befith. in Mart. Fl. Bras. xv. 121. Neurocarpum
cajanrerbiiimi, Presl, Symb. 17, t. 9. N. retusum, Hassk. PI. Jav. Par. 376.^

Malacca and Sincapoke. G. Thomson, Griffith, &c. — Distrib. Java, Trop.
America.

A suberect undershrub, with terete pilose branches. Leaflets 3, obovate or oblan-
ceolate, subcoriaceous, 2-5 in. long, obtuse, grey-canescent beneath ; petiole scarcely
any. Flowers usually 2, distinctly peduncled ; bracteoles small, ovate or lanceolate.
Calyx | in. ; teeth much shorter than the tube. Corolla pale violet, twice the calyx
or more ; standard 1^ in. broad. *

77. DOLICKOS, Linn.

Twining herbs, with stipellate 3-foliolate leaves and minute subpersistent
bracts bracteoles and stipules. Flowers racemose or axillary. Calyx-tube
campanulate ; teeth long or short. Corolla much exserted ; its petals usually
equal in length ; keel obtuse or rostrate, not spiral. Sta?nens diadelphous ; an-
thers uniform. Ovary nearly sessile, many-ovuled ; style filiform or thickened
upwards, bearded down the inner face or round the terminal stigma. Pod flat,
linear or oblong, recurved. — Distkib. Species about 20, wide-spread in tropics
of both hemispheres.

Sitbgken-. 1. Xiablab, Savi. Style thickened upwards, narrowed to the
base, bearded down the inner edge.

1. 23. Xiablab, Linn.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 305; pod recur ved-oblong
2-4-seeded, flowers middle-sized, pedicels short, keel narrow rostrate. Bot.
Mag. t. 896. Labial) vulgaris, Savi; DC. Prodr. ii. 401 ; Wall. Cat. 5536; W.>
8f A. Prodr. 250. Dolichos lignosus, Linn. ; Roxb. Fl. Lnd. iii. 307 ; Bot. Mag.
t. 380. Lablab lignosus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5537. L. cultratus, DC. Prodr.
ii. 402 ; W. 8f A. Prodr. 251. L. microcarpus, perennans, leucocarpus and
nankinensis, DC. loc. cit. D. benghalensis, Jacq. Hort. Vind. t. 124. D.
purpureus, Linn. ; Bot. Reg. t. 830. D. festivus, Wall. Cat. 5551. D. cuspi-
datus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5566. D. Ourtisii, G. Don Gard. Diet. ii. 357.

Wild and universally cultivated throughout India, ascending in the Himalayas
to 6-7000 ft.— Distrib. Tropics of the Old World.

Subglabrous, wide-twining, perennial, or under cultivation annual. Stipules lanceo-
late, basifixed ; leaflets as broad as long, always entire, acute, 2-6 in. long, broad
ovate, membranous, rarely downy beneath. Bacemes and peduncles each reaching
^-f ft. long ; pedicels densely fascicled, £ or finally \ in. ; bracteoles oblong, some-
times as long as the calyx. Calyx ^-\ in. ; teeth short, deltoid. Corolla red-
VOL. II. p

210 L. leguminos^;. (J. G. Baker.) [Dolichos.

dish or white, £-f in. Pod 1^—2 in. by £- f in., tipped with the hooked persistent
base of the style. — Roxburgh describes fully 13 cultivated varieties.

2. D. bracteatus, Baker ; flowers large, pedicels exceeding the calyx,
keel broad subobtu.se, pod linear many-seeded.

Plains of Concan, Stocks.

A robust glabrous perennial twiner. Stipules % in., lanceolate, basifixed ; leaflets
entire, membranous, glabrous, acute or obtuse, ^-f ft. long, and broad, the base deltoid.
Racemes long-peduncled, reaching a foot or more long ; bracts minute, linear-lanceo-
late, deciduous ; pedicels \-^ in. ; bracteoles firm, oblong or roundish, as long as the
calyx. Calyx \ in., glabrous ; teeth deltoid, short. Corolla reddish, 1 in. long. Pod
much recurved, 5-6 in. by § in., 10-12-seeded.

Suege^. 2. BKacrotyloma, W. § A. Style filiform, minutely penicil-
late round the stigma, not bearded down the edge. — Connects Phaseolece and
Galactiece.

3. Z>. biflorus, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 398 ; leaflets entire, flowers 1-3 in
the axils of the leaves, calyx-teeth long setaceous, corolla yellow, pod linear
downy 5-6-seeded. Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 313. D. uniflorus, Lam. ; DC. Prodr.
loc.cit.; Wall. Cat. 5538; W. $ A. Prodr. 248. Johnia congesta, Date. J-
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 23. Glycine uniflora, Dalz. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii.
146, cum icone.

Himalayas to Ceylon and Birma, ascending to 3000 ft. in Sikkim, sometimes
cultivated. — Distrib. Everywhere in tropics of Old World.

Annual, suberect (B. uniflorus) or lengthened out and twining (D. bifiorus), downy,
rarely glabrescent. Stipules basifixed, \ in., lanceolate, scariose ; leaflets, membran-
ous, ovate, acute, 1-2 in. long, at first finely pilose on the faces. Flowers 1-3 toge-
ther, in the axils of the leaves, without a common peduncle. Calyx \ in., downy ;
teeth lanceolate- setaceous, much exceeding the tub9. Corolla -^—| in. long; keel nar-
row, obtuse, rather shorter than the standard. Pod 1^—2 in. by |- §• in., much recurved,
tipped with the persistent style.

4. D. lance olatus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5547 ; leaflets entire, flowers
1-2 on a short common peduncle in the axils of the leaves, calyx-teeth shorter
than the tube, corolla reddish,

Birma ; Prome hills, Wallich.

Stems very slender, wide-twining, with only a few short adpressed hairs. Stipules
minute, lanceolate ; leaflets 1-1 £ in. long, moderately firm, oblong, acute, with a few
adpressed hairs on both sides, narrowed to a rounded base. Pedicels shorter than the
calyx ; bracteoles ovate, persistent, rather shorter than the calyx. Calyx under \ in.,
silky. Corolla 3 times the calyx; petals subequal; keel distinctly incurved at the
tip, subobtuse. Style rather thickened upwards, so that it connects the two sections.
Pod unknown.

5.'3>. ciliatuB, Klein; DC. Prodr. ii. 398; leaflets entire conspicu-
ously ciliated on the edge, flowers 3-6 in subsessile cymes, calyx-teeth setaceous,
corolla yellow, pod linear-oblong glabrous ' 3-4-seeded. Wall. Cat. 5558 ; W.
8r A. Prodr. 249. D. prostratus, Kcenig ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 310.

Plains of the Western Peninsula and Ceylon. ,

Boot tuberous, perennial. Stems slender, firm, clothed with short spreading deciduous
grey hairs. Stipules small, nervose, lanceolate, basifixed ; leaflets oblong, rounded at
the base, 1-3 in. long, with only a few adpressed hairs at first on the faces. Pedicels
shorter than the calyx ; bracteoles minute, ovate, nervose, persistent. Calyx under
\ in. ; lower teeth lanceolate-setaceous. Corolla £ in. ; standard as in Clitoria, much

Dolichos.~\ l. leguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) 211

exceeding the wings and keel. Pod 1-1^ in. by ^ in., tipped with the hooked base of
the style.

G. !5>. falcatus, Klein \ DC. Pi'odr. ii. 398; leaflets entire or slightly
3-lobed, flowers 2-8 on a short common peduncle, calyx-teeth deltoid, corolla
yellow, pod linear gtobrous 6-8-seeded. Ro.vb. Fl. Ind. iii. 311 ; W. 8f A.
Prodr. 249. D. trilobatus. Wall. Cat. 6541, non Linn.

Himalayas, from Kujiaon to Khasia, ascending to 7500 ft. Plains of Western
Peninsula and Ceylon.

Root tuberous, perennial. Stems wide-twining, very slender, pilose or glabrescent.
Stipules small, lanceolate, reflexed, persistent ; leaflets membranous, 1-3 in. long,
ovate, acute, entire or obtuse, 3-lobed, finely pilose on the faces, or nearly glabrescent.
Peduncles 1-2 in. long, sometimes scarcely any; pedicels ^-^ in. Calyx glabrous,
xyider £ in. ; teeth very short. Corolla twice the calyx, its petals nearly equal in
length ; keel broad, obtuse. Pod substipitate, 2-3 in. by f in., slightly recurved.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

D. subcarnosus, W . §~ A. Prodr. 249, is a plant from the Western Peninsula,
of which the flower is unknown and of which the place is therefore doubtful. It has
small ovate acute entire leaflets, many-flowered distinctly- peduncled racemes, and a
narrow linear nearly straight glabrous many-seeded pod 3-4 in. long.

D. sub^equalis, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5539, is another doubtful plant, of which
the flower is unknown, gathered by Wallich in Ava, which has been referred through
some confusion to Psopkocarpus palustris, from which it totally differs. It has slender
terete woody suberect stems, with short deflexed deciduous grey pubescence, caduc-
ous stipules, membranous stipellate leaflets with a few adpressed bristly hairs on both
sides, the end one oblong subobtuse or cuspidate 4-5 in. long, many-flowered short-
peduncled racemes and a 2-3-seeded ligulate flattish pod f-1 in. by 5- in., thinly clothed
with long adpressed grey hairs, faintly depressed between the seeds.

78. PSOPKOCARPUS, Neck.

Twining herbs, with large tuberous roots. Leaves 3-foliolate, stipellate ; sti-
pules fastened above the base. Floivers rather large, lilac. Calyx teeth shorter
than the tube, the two upper connate. Corolla much exserted, the petals equal
in length ; keel much incurved, but not beaked. Stamens monadelphous, the
upper free downwards ; anthers uniform. Ovary substipitate, many-ovuled ;
style long, much recurved, flattened laterally, densely bearded round the termi-
i ni»a. Pod square, with a distinct wing to each angle, distinctly septate
1 m the seeds. — Distkeb. Species 3-4, all tropical in the Old World.

. 1. P. tetra^onololms, DC. Prodr. ii. 403 ; leaflets entire ovate mem-
branous,-racemes few-flowered, pedicels elongated, bracteoles much shorter than
yx, pod large glabrous. W. 8f A. Prodr. 252; Hassle. PI. Jav. Par. 388.
Ddlichos ovatus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5540. D. tetragonolobus, Linn. ; Roxb.
Fl. Ind. iii. 305.'

Prome and Martaban, Wallich, perhaps only introduced. Cultivated else-
where.

Root large, annual. Stems weak, wide-twining, glabrous. Stipules lanceolate each
way from the attachment ; leaflets broad, ovate, acu^e, 3-6 in. long, 2-6 in. broad,
glabrous, base subdeltoid. Racemes lax ; peduncles £-£ ft. ; pedicels geminate, as long
as the calyx ; bracteoles ovate, ^ in. Calyx ^ in., glabrous ; side-teeth oblong ;
lowest shorter, deltoid. Pod^-% ft. by 1 in., the wings ^— \ in. broad, usually much
crisped and toothed.

p2

212 l. lecuminosje. (J. G. Baker.) [Psophocarpus.

2. P. palustris, .Desv. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ix. 420 ; leaflets ovate entire or
lobe J, racemes many-flowered, pedicels short, bracteoles as long as the calyx, pod
small glabrous. Dolichos suffultus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5564. P. longe-
lwdtuiculatus, Ilassk. PI. Jav. Par. 388. P. palmettoriun, Guill. $ Per. Fl.
Seneg. 'I'l'l. Diesinpa scandens, Endl. Atakt. \, t. 1-2.

Cultivated in the tropics of both hemispheres ; a native of Africa.

Stems slender, glabrous, firmer than in the last. Stipules similar ; leaflets broad
ovate or roundish, 2-4 in. long, acute, sometimes with two distinct obtuse lobes in the
lower half. Racemes long-peduncled, \-^ ft. long, dense upwards ; bracteoles oblong,
glabrous, quite enveloping the young calyx. Pod 2-4 in. long, ^-f in. broad, includ-
ing the wings, 4-8-seeded.

We have what may prove a third species from Assam, Masters, with pubescent
stems and leaves, entire lanceolate subcoriaceous prominently- veined leaflets 4-5 in.
long, short sessile racemes, a straight square 6-8-soecled pod 2-2^- in. long, with much
less prominent wings than in the preceding, the faces densely clothed, with persistent
firm short spreading grey hairs. Flowers, stipules, and bracteoles unknown.

79. ATYLOSIA, W. & A.

Herbs or shrubs, erect or twining. Leaves 3-foliolate, sometimes subdigitate,
often exstipellate, gland-dotted beneath. Flowers axillary or racemed. Calyx
teeth distinct, longer or shorter than the tube, the lowest the longest. Corolla
more or less exserted, marcescent or caducous ; keel not beaked. Stamens dia-
delphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile; ovules 3 or more; style filiform,
incurved, glabrous, stigma capitate. Pod linear or oblong, turgid, marked with
transverse lines between the seeds, which have a conspicuous divided strophiole. —
Distrib. Species about 20, spread from India to Australia and Mauritius.
Differs from Cajanus mainly by its arillate seeds.

Stjbgen. 1. Atylia, Benth. Petals marcescent, remaining till the pod is
developed.

* Erect. Flowers in sessile or stalked pairs. Pod not distinctly lineate be-
tween the seeds.

1. A. Candollei, W. 8? A. Prodr. 257', petiole short, leaflets obovate-
oblong or oblanceolate densely silky reticulato-venose beneath, pairs of flowers
usually stalked, corolla large, pod 3-4-seeded densely silky. Wight Ic. t. 754.
A. major, W. <y A. Prodr. 257. Oollaea trinervia, DC. Mem. Leg. p. 247, t. 41 ;
Prodr. ii. 240 ; Wall. Cat. 5571. Odonia trinervia, Spreng. Syst. Svppl. 279.
Rhynchosia Wightiana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5500.

Nilghiris and Ceylon, up to 4000 ft.

An erect shrub, with rigid sulcate branches, densely clothed with grey or brownish
subpatent hairs. Stipules lanceolate, minute, silky, caducous ; petioles 3— ^ in. ;
leaflets very thick and coriaceous, almost digitate, 2-3 times as long as broad,
shortly pubescent above, the underside with the veins and veinlets in relief, densely
clothed with thick grey or brownish silky pubescence, usually obtuse, the end one
1-3 in. long. Peduncles rigid, erecto-patent, of the lower pairs of flowers 1-2 in.
long, of the upper often suppressed ; bracteoles oblong, caducous ; pedicels \-\ in.
Calyx ^-f in., densely silky; lowest tooth linear, twice the tube, the others lanceo-
late. Corolla reddish, 1 in. long ; limb of standard oblong ; keel with a short obtuse
beak. Pod straight, oblong, 1-1^ in. by £ in., densely clothed with soft short spread-
ing grey or pale brown silky pubescence.

2. A. greminifiora, Dalz. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. 185 ; petiole produced,

Atylosia.] l. leguminostE. (J. G. Baker.) 213

leaflets orbicular thinly liispid on both surfaces, flowers in stalked pairs, corolla
small, pod hispid 5-7-seeded.

Western India, Dalzell.

Branches suberect, flexuose, cloth- ci with spreading fulvous hairs. Petiole 3 in. ;
leaflets membranous, 3-nerved, pellocido-punctate, with scattered golden glands,
l\-2h in. long; stipules acuminate from a broad auricled base. Calyx tomentose ;
teeth "acuminate, twice as long as the tube. Corolla £ in. long. Pod almost membran-
ous, rounded at both ends, 1-1 ^ iQ- by £ in., its hairs bulbous at the base. Ex Dalz.
loc. cit.

3. A. lineata, W. 8r A. Prodr. 258 ; petiole short, leaflets obovate-oblong
pilose beneath not reticulato-venose, pairs of flowers not peduhcled, corolla small
3 times the calyx, pod 2-3-seeded finely pilose. Cajanus lineatus, Grah. in
Wall. Cat. 5578. Atylosia Lawii, Wight Ic. t. 93; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 74.

Hills of the Western Peninsula.

An erect shrub, with long straight sulcate branchlets, densely clothed with short
grey pubescence. Stipules minute, setaceous ; petiole ^— | in. ; leaflets subcoriaceous,
greenish and thinly pilose above, densely shortly grey-downy below, triplinerved,
nearly digitate, obtuse, the end one f-ltj in. long. Pedicels as long, as the calyx. Calyx
£— | in., densely downy ; teeth deltoid-cuspidate, the lowest as long as the tube. Co-
rolla twice the calyx ; keel obtuse. Pod oblong, straight, ^~ in. by | in., thinly
clothed with fine spreading grey hairs.

4. A. sericea, Benth. MSS. ; petiole short, leaflets oblanceolate silky on
both surfaces especially beneath, pairs of flowers not peduncled, corolla small 3
times the calyx, pod small densely pilose 2-seeded.

Concan, Stocks, Law, Ritchie.

An erect shrub, with long straight terete branches, with many grooves, densely
clothed with fine short whitish subpatent silky hairs. Stipules setaceous, subpersis-
tent, \~^ in. ; petiole ^-1 in. ; leaflets flexible, moderately thick, subdigitate, 6-8
times as long as broad, subacute, triplinerved, persistently grey-silky, 1-2 in. long.
Pedicels very short. Calyx £ in., silvery ; teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube. Co-
rolla f in., red ; keel with a short obtuse beak. Pod oblong, § in. long, densely softly
persistently grey-downy.

** Twiners with flowers in lax peduncled racemes and distinctly lineatc {

5. A. mollis, Benth. PI. Jungh. 243 : branches and leaves beneath shortly
densely grey-downy, stipules minute caducous, end-leaflet short-stalked, pod per-
sistently grey-canescent. Collsea mollis, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5574. C. cine-
rascens, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5575. Dolichos reticulatus, Ham. in Wall. Cat.
5552. D. crassus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5553. D. blandus, Grah. in Wail. Cat.
5568. Dunbaria Horsfieldii, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 179. Atylosia glandulosa,
Dalz. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 13, 185. Cajanus glandulosus, Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb.
Flora, 73.

Himalayas, from G-arwhal and Kumaon to Nipal, ascending to 5-6000 ft. Con-
can, Stocks, Dalzell. Ava, Wallich. Pegu, McClelland. — Distreb. Malay and Phi-
lippine isles.

Branches firm, slender, terete, glabrescent. Petioles 1-2 in. ; leaflets coriaceous,
shortly pilose, greenish above, densely persistently grey-downy beneath, finally reticu-
lato-venose, distinctly stipellate, the end one 2-4 in. long, roundish-obovate, cuspidate,
spathulately narrowed to a rounded base. Racemes 2-3 in. long, lax, short-peduncled ;
pedicels geminate, \- \ in. ; bracteoles large, roundish, reddish, forming a conspicuous
tuft before the racemes expand. Calyx f in., finely grey-downy ; lowest tooth lan-
ceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla yellow, twice the calyx. Pod straight, 1-2 in.

214 Lt leguminoSvE. (J. G. Baker.) [Atylosia.

by § in., 4-9-seeded, rounded at both ends. — Dolickos blandus is an imperfect flower-
ing specimen, Without locality, which resembles this closely as far as it goes, but has
a much smaller corolla and shorter calyx-teeth.

6. A. villosa, Benth. MSS. ; branches and leaves below thinly grey-
downy, stipules minute caducous, end-leaflet short-stalked, pod densely clothed
with long spreading hairs.

Lower hills of Sikkim, alt. 4000 ft., Hook, fil.

Known only from two flowerless examples, which as far as they go differ from
the last principally in the vestiture of the pod. Leaflets subcoriaceous, obovate-cus-
pidate; petiole £ in. Pedicels decurved, finally \ in. long. Pod 1-1 \ in. long, § in.
broad, 5-6-seeded, densely clothed with persistent fine spreading pale brown silky
hairs, rounded at both ends, tipped with the persistent pilose base of the style.

7. A. kulnenszs, Dalz. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. 186 ; branches thinly
clothed with fine spreading hairs, leaflets subglabrous, the end one short-stalked,
stipules membranous sub]>ersistent, pod clothed with long spreading hairs.
Oajanus kulnensis, Dalz. in Kew. Journ. ii. 264 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Flora, 72.

Cokcan, near Kulna, in the Warree Country, Stocks, Law, Dalzell.

Branches firm, slender, terete, glabreseent. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, £-| in. ; ,pe-
tiole 1-2 in. ; leaflets thin, but firm, green on both sides, with a few obscure hairs on
the 'ribs below, scabrous with glands above, the end one obovate-rhomboid cuspidate,
H-3 in. long ; stipellae subulate, persistent. Racemes lax, short-peduneled, few-flowered ;
pedicels f-4- in. ; bracteoles round, enclosing the buds. Calyx ^ in., finely downy,
lowest tooth linear-acuminate, exceeding the tube. Corolla half as long again as the
calyx. Pod l£ in. by |-^ in., 5-6-seeded, marked with distinct oblique depressed
lines. -^

8. A. grandiflora, Benth. MSS. ; branches minutely downy, stipules mi-
nute caducous, leaflets membranous glabrous the end one long-stalked, pod
clothed with fine spreading silky hairs.

Kumaon ; Bagesar, alt. 3000 ft., Strachey and Winter bottom. Upper Garwhal,
Madden.

Branches terete, firm, slender, glabreseent. Petioles 2-3 in. ; leaflets thin, green
on both sides, minutely hairy on the ribs beneath, the end one obovate-cuspidate,
rounded at the base, 3-4 in. long; petiolule | in. long ; stipellse distinct, setaceous.
Racemes lax, few-flowered; pedicels finally |-i in., recurved. Calyx |-| in., finely
downy ; lowest tooth linear-setaceous, 3-4 times the tube ; the others lanceolate. Co-
rolla slightly exceeding the calyx. Pod H-2 in. by ^ in., 5-6-seeded.

Sitbgen. 2. Cantharospermum, W. $A. Petals falling before the pod
developes.

* Leaflets subdigitate.

9. A. nivea, Benth. PL Jungli. 243 ; shrubby, erect, leaflets obovate obtuse
rigidly coriaceous white-canescent beneath, racemes few-flowered short-pedun-
cled, calyx-teeth short, corolla much exserted, pod 4-6-seeded canescent. Oa-
janus niveus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5581.

Birma ; Prome and near Zeranghuen, Wallich.

Very like A. albicans, with which Wight and Arnott join it, but suberect, not twin-
ing. Branches slender, woody, terete, grey-canescent. Petiole 1 in. ; leaflets exstipel-
late, rigidly coriaceous, 1 in. long, rounded at both ends, thinly grey-canescent above,
densely beneath. Racemes falling short of the leaves, subcorymbose ; pedicels cernu-
ous, \-^ in. Calyx £- 1 in., finely downy; all the teeth deltoid. Corolla 4 times as
long as the calyx; keel obtuse. Pod \-\\ in. by \ in., distinctly lineate, firm,
rounded at both ends.

Atylosia.] l. leguminos^. (J. Gr. Baker.) • 215

10. A. albicans, Benth. PL Jungh. 243 ; a shrubby twiner, leaflets obovate
obtuse or subacute rigidly coriaceous white-canescent beneath, racemes lax short-
peduncled, calyx-teeth "short, corolla much exserted, pod 5-6-seeded thinly
canescent. Cantharospermum albicans, W. 8f A. Prodr. 256, excl. syn. Ca-
jauus albicans, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5582. 0. Wightianus, Qrah. in Wall. Cat.
5583.

* Hills of the Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

Branchlets slender, thinly canescent, with many grooves. Stipules minute,
caducous ; petiole 1-2 in. ; leaflets 1-2 in. long, densely finely persistently white-
canescent beneath, not reticulato- venose, greenish and obscurely canescent above,
much narrowed in the lower half, the base subdeltoid, or a little rounded. Ea-
cemes -A-12-flowered, often corymbose, usually shorter than the leaves; bracts small,
round, silvery on the back, caducous ; pedicels -^-\ in. Calyx £-| in., thinly canes-
cent; lowest tooth lanceolate, tmppr oblong or deltoid. Corolla 3 times as long as
the calyx. Pod 1-1^ in. by §U$ in., straight, distinctly lineate, narrowed to the
base, beaked with the base of the style.

11. A. elong*ata, Benth. PI. Jungh. 243; a slender herbaceous twiner,
leaflets membranous obovate-cuspidate obscurely hairy beneath, racemes 2-4-
flowered long-peduncled, calyx-teeth long, corolla little exserted, pod 3-4-seeded
glabreseent. Dolichos elongatus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5543.

Nipal, Khasia and Assam, ascending to 6000 ft.

Stems very slender, wide-twining, clothed with fine spreading grey hairs. Stipules
minute, caducous; petiole 1-4 in.; leaflets greenish on both sides, paler and incon-
spicuously pilose on the ribs below, always pointed, 1— 14 in. long, narrowed from the
middle to a rather rounded base, exstipellate. Peduncles 1-2 in.; pedicels as long as
the calyx. Calyx §-| in., densely pubescent ; lower tooth setaceous, twice the tube,
the others similar but shorter. Corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx. Pod oblong,
| in. long by half as broad, narrowed to the base, distinctly lineate, beaked, clothed at
first with short spreading hairs.

12. A. rug-osa, W. fy A. Prodr. .257 ; a woody twiner, leaflets thick obo-
vate obtuse densely grey-canescent reticulato-venose below, flowers usually in
stalked pairs, calyx-teeth long, corolla little exserted, pod 3-4-seeded densely
canescent. Rhynchosia velutina, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5501.

Nilghiris and Ceylon, ascending to 6000 ft.

Branches slender, sulcate, densely shortly grey-downy. Stipides minute, ovate,
caducous; petiole -£-1^ in. ; leaflets coriaceous, flexible, rugose on both sides, rounded
at the base, 1-2 in. long, grey, thinly canescent above, densely persistently grey-ca-
nescent below, with the veinlets in relief, exstipellate. Peduncles ^-1^ in., the flowers
rarely 4 to each ; pedicels as long as the calyx ; bracts small, round, thick, caducous.
Calyx ^-| in., densely canescent ; lower tooth linear, exceeding the tube, the others
lanceolate. Cvrolla half as long again as the calyx. Pod f-1 in. by f in., densely
grey-canescent, rounded at both ends.

13. A.scarabseoides, Benth. PL Jungh. 243 ; a herbaceous twiner, leaf-
lets obovate-oblong subcoriaceous downy beneath, corymbs few-flowered short-
peduncled, calyx-teeth long, corolla little exserted, pod 4-6-seeded clothed with
fine spreading hairs. Dolichos scarabeeoides, Linn. Sp. 1020. Oajanus scarabaeoi-
des, Thouars ; Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5580. Rhynchosia scarabeeoides, DC. Prodr.
ii. 387. R. biflora, DC. loc. tit. Oantharospermum pauciflorum, W. fy A. Prodr.
255; Dak. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 73.

Universally spread in the plains throughout India, reaching 5-6000 ft. in the
West Himalayas. — Distrib. China, Malaya, Mauritius, Madagascar.

A biennial, with slender trailing or twining densely grey-downy stems. Stipules
minute, caducous ; petiole ^-1 in. ; leaflets 1^ in. long, flexible, twice as long as broad,

216 l. legumtnosje. (J. G. Baker.) [Atyhsia.

exstipellate, obtuse or subacute, triplinerved in the lower half, thinly grey-eanescent
above, densely beneath, -with usually only the main nerves raised. Peduncles short,
densely pubescent, 2-6-flowered ; pedicels as long as the calyx. Calyx \-\ in., densely
grey-silky ; teeth linear, the lowest twice as long as the tube. Corolla yellow, ^--f in. ;
keel abruptly incurved at the tip. Pod straight, distinctly lineate, f-1 in. by \ in.,
clothed with fine spreading grey or pale brown silky hairs. — C. nervosum, Eoyle MSS.,
is a form with thick leaves, with the veinlets raised on the under side. The descrip-
tions of Bolichos scarabceoides and medicagineus in Roxburgh, Flora Indica, iv. 315,
have been accidentally transposed.

** Petiolule of the end leaflet elongated.

14. A. platycarpa, Benth. PL Jungh. 243 ; a herbaceous twiner, leaflets
exstipellate membranous roundish both surfaces finely pilose, flowers 1-2 pe-
duncled, calyx-teeth long, corolla little exserted, pod straight thinly pilose
5-7-seeded. Cantharospermum ? distans, Royle MSS.

Central Himalayas, Garwral, &c., alt. 1-8000 ft.

Branches very slender, climbing or trailing, densely clothed with/ short spreading
grey hairs. Petioles 1-4 in ; stipules minute, linear, caducous ; leaflets ro\ind-cuspi-
date, 1-3 in, long and broad, greenish on both surfaces, paler beneath ; petiolule |— f
in. Peduncles shorter than the petioles, suppressed at the end of the shoofe, where "the
leaves also are much reduced ; pedicels as long as the calyx. Calyx f-^ in., densely
pilose; teeth linear-setaceous. P jd flat, 1-lf in. by ^ in., distinctly lineate, clothed
with fine short deciduous spreading hairs.

15. A . rostrata, Baker ; a woody climber, branches glabrescent^eaflets
exstipellate roundish subcoriaceous obscurely canescent below, flowers in'long-
peduncled lax racemes, calyx-teeth short, corolla much exserted; pod bristly
recurved 8-10-seeded.

Coxcan, Stocks.

Branches firm, terete, at first minutely downy. Stipules minute, caducous ; petiole
1-3 in. ; leaflets as broad as long, 3-4 in. each way, green and glabrous above, nar-
rowed to a deltoid point, suddenly narrowed* in the lower third or quarter ; petiolule
1 in. Racemes overtopping the leaves, the flowers much the most showy in the
genus; pedicels^— fin. Calyx ^ in., broadly campanulate, with only a few deciduous
bristles, all the teeth shorter than the tube. Corolla 1 in. long; keel broad, beaked ;
limb of standard 1 \ in. broad. Pod linear, distinctly lineate, 2^-3 in. long, | in.
broad, narrowed at the tip, thinly clothed with stiff grey bristles with bulbous bases.

16. A. barbata, Baker-, a woody climber, branches densely pubescent,
leaflets roundish stipellate subcoriaceous thinly shortly pubescent, flowers in
long-peduncled racemes, calyx-teeth long, corolla little exserted, pod straight
densely pilose 5-6-seeded. A. goensis, Dalz. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. 186. Dun-
baria barbata, Benth. PI. Jungh. 242. D. calycina, Miq. Fl. Inch Bat. i. 180.
Dolichos barbatus, Wall. Cat. 5548. ■ D. ornatus, Wall. Cat. 5561. Ehynchosia
vestita, Wall. Cat. 5505. Cajanus goensis, Dalz. in Keiv Journ. ii. 264 ; Dalz.
$ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 73.

Assam, Martaban, Tenasserim, Concan. — Distrib. Java.

Branches firm, densely clothed at first with short spreading grey pubescence. Sti-
pules \ in., lanceolate, caducous ; petiole 1-4 in. ; leaflets 3-4 in. broad and long,
cuspidate, broadly rounded at the base, green above, paler and greyer beneath, both
surfaces minutely permanently pubescent ; petiolule ^—1 in. ; stipellae minute, setaceous.
Peduncles often overtopping the leaves ; racemes at first close, finally 4-6 in. long, the
rachis densely pilose ; bracts roundish or ovate, with a cusp, shaggy, exceeding the buds ;
pedicels ^-\ in. Calyx ^ in., shaggy ; teeth lanceolate, exceeding the tube. Standard
half as long again as the calyx ; keel equalling the calyx £ in. broad. Pod 1^-2 »in.
by | in., straight, densely clothed with long grey spreading hairs, narrowed to both
ends.

Cajanus.~\ l. leguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) 217

80. CAJANUS, DO.

An erect shrub. Leaves 3-foliolate. Flowers racemed. Calyx-tube cain-
panulate ; teeth short. Corolla much exserted, its petals equal in length ;
keel truncate. Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile, few-
ovuled; style long, filiform, much upcurved, stigma capitate. Pod linear,
straight, narrowed at both ends, 3-5-seeded, torulose with oblique linear
depressions between the non-strophiolate seeds. — Distrib. The only species.

1. C. indicus, Spreng. Syst. iii. 248 ; W. # A. Prodr. 256. 0. bicolor,
Wall. Cat. 5577. 0. flavus and bicolor, DC. Prodr. ii. 406. Oytisus Oajan,
Linn.-, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 325. 0. pseudo-cajan, Jacq. Hort. Vind. t. 119. —
Rheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 13.

Wild? and cultivated throughout our limits, ascending to 6000 ft. in the
Himalayas. — Distrib. Everywhere in the tropics, probably native of the Old
World.

An erect shrub, with slender sulcate grey-silky branchlets. Stipides minute,
lanceolate ; leaflets 3, minutely stipellate, oblong-lanceolate, entire, subcoriaceous,
thinly silky above, densely beneath, indistinctly gland-dotted. Flowers in sparse dis-
tinctly-peduncled corymbose racemes, often forming a terminal panicle ; pedicels
downy, 2-3 times the calyx. Calyx \ in. Corolla 3 times the calyx : standard yellow,
(C flavus) or beautifully veined with red (C. bicolor). Pod 2-3 in. by ^— £ in., finely
downy, tipped with the lower half of the style.

&i. DVNBARIA, W. & A.

Woody or herbaceous climbers. Leaves 3-foliolate, distinctly gland-
dotted beneath ; stipella; rarely present. Floivers racemose or axillary. Calyx-
teeth long and narrow, tV> lowest distinctly exceeding the others. Corolla
more or less exserted, marcescent or caducous ; keel usually not beaked.
Stamens diadelphous, anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or stalked, many-
ovuled ; style inflexed, filiform beardless, stigma capitate. Pod linear, flat, not
marked with depressed lines between the substrophiolate seeds. — Distrib.
Three more species, reaching North Australia and Japan.

Subgen". 1. Euduxibaria, Benth. Corolla large, marcescent, lasting till
the pod reaches full size.

1. ID. ferrugrinea, W. 8? A. Prodr. 258; stems closely pubescent,
stipules minute caducous, leaflets thick as broad as long densely pubescent
beneath, standard exceeding the wings and keel, pod puberulent. Collgfia
yenosa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5573. C. gibba, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5572, B.C.
Dunbaria latifolia, W. 8f A. Prodr. 258.

Hills of Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

A woody twiner, with slender stems and densely downy branchlets and petioles.
Leaflets roundish-deltoid, entire, coriaceous, 2-3 in. long, glabrescent or thinly downy
above, clothed with soft grey or ferruginous pubescence beneath ; stipellse sometimes
present. Racemes lax, many-flowered, distinctly peduncled ; pedicels downy, gemi-
nate, |-f in. ; bracts large, boat-shaped, soon falling. Calyx |--f in., densely downy ;
lower tooth linear, as long as the tube, the others lanceolate. Corolla \-\\ in. long,
the standard 1 in. broad, exceeding the wings and keel. \-~% in. Pod sessile, straight,
l£-2 in. by f-^ in., 4-5-seeded, tipped with the hooked base of the style.

2. D. Heynei, W. c/ A. Prodr. 258 ; stems thinly clothed with fine
spreading hairs, stipules membranous persistent, leaflets thin twice as long as

218 l. leguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) [Dunbaria.

broad subglabrous, petals subequal, pod clothed with fine spreading hairs.
Oollsea gibba, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5572 A. Dunbaria oblonga, Am. in Nov. Act.
Nat. Cur. xviii. 333.

Hills of Mysore and Ceylon, up to 3000 ft.

A woody climber, -with slender terete glabrescent stems and petioles. Stipules
lanceolate, \- g- in. ; leaflets green on both surfaces, with a few minute deciduous hairs,
membranous, the end one nearly sessile, obovate-oblong, cuspidate, 3-6 in. long ;
stipellae minute, caducous. Racemes few-flowered, lax, distinctly peduncled ; pedicels
\-\ in. ; bracteoles large, oblong, caducous. Calyx ^-f in., finely downy ; lowest
tooth acuminate, exceeding the tube. Corolla twice the calyx ; standard f in. broad ;
keel subtruncate. Pod 1^-2 in. by ^ in., straight, densely pilose at first, 4-5-seeded.

3. X>. pulchra, JBenth. MSS. ; stems finely downy, stipules caducous,
leaflets thin twice as long as broad obscurely downy, standard exceeding the
wings and keel, pod clothed with fine spreading hairs.

Lower hills of Sikkim, 1-2000 ft., Hook.fil.

A woody climber, with slender terete glabrescent branches. Leaflets membranous,
green, glabrescent above, greyish -puberulent beneath, the end one oblong, narrowed
to a rounded base, and a long point, distinctly petioled, 3-4 in. long, stipellate.
Racemes few-flowered, lax, distinctly peduncled ; pedicels \~^ in. ; bracteoles large,
navicular, caducous. Calyx finely downy, f in. long ; lower tooth setaceous, 2-3
times the tube, the others much shorter, lanceolate. Corolla 1-1| in. long ; limb of
standard round. Pod as in the last.

Stjbgen. 2. Xthyncolobium, JBenth. Corolla small, caducous, little
exserted.

4. T>. debilis, Baker ; stems filiform, leaflets subcoriaceous ligulate-
oblong obtuse 3-4 times as long as broad, flowers solitary in the axils of the
leaves, pod sessile glabrous.

Khasia Mts.. alt. 4-5000 ft., Hook. fil. $ Thomson, Lobb.

A twining herb, with very slender finely downy stems and distant nodes. Stipules
minute, setaceous, persistent; petiole \-^ in.; leaflets grey-green, thinly canescent
above, densely so beneath, prominently nerved, the end one short-petioled, rounded at
both ends, 1-1 \ in. long. Pedicels as long as the calyx. Calyx \ in., grey-downy ;
teeth linear, the lowest as long as the tube. Corolla yellowish, half as long again as
the calyx. Pod recurved, glabrescent, 1^-2 in. by \ in., 8-10-seeded.

5. '&» censpersa, Benth. PI. Jungh. 241 ; stems filiform, leaflets mem-
branous round-rhomboid, flowers 1-2 together in the axils of the leaves usually
not peduncled, pod sessile glabrous. Dolichos conspersus, Grah. in Wall. Cat.
5542. D. rhynchosioides, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 185. D. punctatus, W. fy A.
Prodr. 247. D. Finlaysonianus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5565. Atylosia punctata,
Dalz. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. 186. ; •

Eastern Himalayas, tropical region ; Silhet and Assam.' Western Peninsula,
Wight. Prome, Wallich. — Distrib. Malaya, China, N. Australia.

A twining herb, with very slender finely-downy stems. Stipules minute, linear ;
petiole 1 in. ; leaflets thin, flexible, green, glabrescent above, pale green, obscurely
downy, distinctly gland-dotted beneath, not stipellate ; end one distinctly petioled,
1-1^ in. long and broad, subacute. Pedicels very short; flowers rarely 3-4 on a short
peduncle. Calyx \ in., grey-downy; lowest tooth as long as the tube. Corolla
reddish, f-i in. ; keel distinctly beaked. Pod linear, 1^-2 in. by ^ in., recurved,
6-8-seeded.— The Japanese Atylosia subrhomhea and Javan Dolichos truncatus of
Miquel both'belong to this section of Dunbaria, and are near this species.

6. D. podocara, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xliii. 2, 185 ; stems
herbaceous, leaflets broad ovate acuminate, flowers in pairs in the axils of the
leaves on a very short peduncle, pod puberulous distinctly stalked.

Dunbaria.] l. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) 219

Tenasskrjm, Kurz.

A perennial twiner, with fine yellowish pubescence. Petiole £-1 in. ; leaflets
puberulous, pale beneath. Pedicels pubescent, £ in. Calyx \ in... with adpressed
yellowish pubescence ; teeth lanceolate. Corolla middle-sized. Pod 1^-2 in. by
£ in., flat, acuminate, many-seeded ; stalk § in. — Ex Kurz loc. cit.

7. X>. circinalis, Baker ; steins woody slender, leaflets thin broad-
ovate acute, flowers many in close subsessile racemes, pod distinctly stalked
clothed with fine spreading hairs. Phaseolus circinalis, Ham. in Wall. Cat.
5594, ex parte. Atylosia circinalis, Benth. PI. Jungh. 24A.

Mouxmein, Griffith. Tenasserim, Heifer. Assam, Wallich.

A slender woody climber, with terete glabrescent branches, finely grey-downy at
first. Stipules minute, caducous ; leaflets flexible, green, glabrescent above, finely
grey-downy beneath, obscurely stipellate ; the end one acuminate, distinctly stalked,
1-li in. long and broad, broadly rounded at the base. Racemes 6-1 0-flowered,
shorter than the leaves; pedicels short, densely grey-downy. Calyx % in. ; lowest,
tooth lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla little exserted ; keel with a recurved
beak. Pod incurved, 2-3 in. by § in., 8-10-seeded, with a stalk \—^ in. long. —
The Wallichian specimen includes the pod of a true Phaseolus.

82. CYLISTA, Ait.

A climbing shrub. Leaves 3-foliolate. Flowers racemed. Calyx-tube cam-
panulate ; teeth scariose and persistent, the lowest much the largest boat-
shaped, the two side ones smaller than the two upper. Corolla enclosed in
the calyx, the petals equal in length ; keel much incurved, truncate. Stamens
diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile, 1-ovuled ; style long, filiform,
stigma capitate. Pod small, oblique, oblong, enclosed in the calyx. — Distrib.
The only species. Differs from Bhynchosia only by its peculiar calyx.

1. C. scariosa, Ait.; DC. Prodr. ii.,410: Roxb. Cor. PI. i. t. 92;
Fl.Jnd. iii. 320; Wall. Cat. 5586; W. 8? A. Prodr. 259; Wight Ic. t. 1597;
Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 74.

Woods of Concan, Deccan, Canara, and Orissa.

A woody twiner, with slender finely downy branches. Leaflets minutely
stipellate, subcoriaceous, ovate or subrhomboidal, acute, 2-4 in. long, thinly grey-
downy above, densely downy below. Flowers in copious distinctly-peduncled lax or
dense racemes ; bracts large, membranous, ovate, caducous ; pedicels short, densely
pubescent. Corolla yellowish-red, \ in. long. C
scariose conspicuously veined lower lip 1 in. broad.

83. ERIOSEKA, DO.

Shrubs or herbs, mostly suberect, with 1-3-foliolate leaves. Flowers ra-
cemed or axillary. Calyx campanulate ; teeth 5, as long as the tube. Corolla
distinctly exserted ; limb of standard roundish, auricled at the base ; wings and
slightly beaked keel shorter. Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary
sessile, 2-ovuled ; style filiform, glabrous, stigma capitate. Pod oblong, turgid,
1-2-seeded ; seeds oblique, the funiculus attached to the extremity of a linear
hilum. — Disteib. Species about 50, mostly Trop. African and American.

1. E. chinense, Vogel, PI. Meyen. 31. Crotalaria tuberosa, Hamilt. in
Don Prodr. 241. Rhynchosia virgata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5503. R. Grahami,
Wall. Cat. 5504. Pyrrotrichia tuberosa, W. c/ A. Prodr. 238.

Himalayas from Kumaon and Gurwhal to Khasia and Assam, ascending to

220 l. leguminos^;. (J. G. Baker.) [Bhynchosia.

6000 ft. Ceylon, Walker. Malacca, Griffith. Pegu, McClelland. — Distrib.
China, Philippines, N. Australia.

Boot a small woody perennial tuber. Stems 1-2 ft., slender, erect, woody, little
branched, densely pubescent. Stipules linear, persistent; leaflets short-petioled,
simple, linear-ligulate, 1-2 in. long, subcoriaceous, greenish with a few adpressed
hairs above, glaucous, densely grey-canescent, brown on the ribs beneath. Flowers 1-^-2,
short -peduncled, in leaf-axils. Calyx ^— £ in., densely pilose. Corolla twice the
calyx, yellowish, purple-black when dried. Pod oblong, f in., densely pubescent.

84. RHYNCKOSIA, Lour.

Twining or erect herbs or shrubs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, gland-dotted
beneath ; stipellse present or absent ; stipules and bracts caducous. Floweis
axillary or racemed. Calyx-tube short; teeth equalling or often much exceeding
it, usually not accrescent, slightly so in § Phyllomatia, the upper often more or
less connate. Corolla included or exserted ; keel incurved, not distinctly
beaked. Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile, usually
2-ovuled ; style long, filiform, much incurved, stigma capitate. Pod round or
oblong, flattish or turgid, usually continuous between the seeds, the hilum
parallel with the sutures and funiculus centrical upon it. — Distkib. Species
about 80, spread everywhere in the tropics and reaching the Cape and United
States.

SuBG7::r. 1. r?iiylIomatia, W. fy A. Calyx-teeth broad and marcescent,
but not so excessively enlarged as in Cylista, in which Graham placed the species.
Seeds with a large grooved white waxy arillus, as in Atylosia.

1. St. rafescens, DC. Prodr. ii. 387 ; pedicels distinct solitary distant,
calyx-iobes narrowed to an obtuse point, pod globose one-seeded. W. fy A.
Prodr. 239; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 189. Glycine rufescens, Willd. Nov. Act.
Per. 1803, p. 222. G. pondicheriensis, Spreny. Syst. iii. 196. Cylista suaveo-
lens, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5587. Cyanospermum javanicum, Miq. Flor. Ind.
Bat. i. 167. Lespedeza indica, Spreny. Syst. iii. 202 ; W. # A. Prodr. 231.
Hallia trifoliata, Roth Nov. Sp. 352. Flemingia Ilothiana, DC. Prodr. ii. 351.

Plains of Western Peninsula and Ceylon. Dacca, Clarke. Khasia, Griffith. —
Distrib. Java.

Suberect, shrubby, with long trailing shoots, clothed with fine short grey pubes-
cence. Petioles erecto-patent, 1-2 in. ; stipules minute, caducous ; leaflets sub-
coriaceous, minutely stipellate, ovate or oblong, 1-3 in. long, acute, rounded at the
base, minutely pubescent, the end one distinctly stalked. Bacemes nearly sessile,
laxly 2-6-flowered; pedicels |— \ in., cernuous. Calyx downy, § in. deep, cut down
nearly to the base into 5 subequal scariose lobes £-£ in. broad. Corolla not exserted.
Pod ^-f in. long, roundish, turgid, finely downy.

2. R. Keynei, W. c/ A. Prodr. 240 ; flowers scarcely pedicellate gemi-
nate or ternate, calyx-lobes lanceolate narrowed at the base, pod two-seeded
twice as long as broad. Cylista reticulata, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 5584. R.
coodoorensis, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 297.

Plains of Mysore, Heyne. Nilghiris, Beddome.

Shrubby, with densely shortly grey-downy elongated slender branches. Stipules
minute, caducous; petiole 1-1^ in. ; leaflets oblong, acute, rounded at the base, sub-
coriaceous, minutely pubescent, the end one 2-3 in. long, distinctly stalked. Flowers
in short-peduncled 2-4-nate racemes of 1-2 distant clusters. Calyx ^-§ in., downy ;

Rhynchosia.] l. leguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) ' 221

lobes subacute, rounded at the base, £-| in. broad. Corolla included. Pod oblong,
£ in. long, obliquely lineate, minutely pubescent.

Stjbgen. 2. Nomismia, W. Sr A. Trailing herbs with, narrow setaceous
or acuminate calyx-teeth. Seeds with a waxy arillus.

3. It. nummularia, DC. Prodr. ii. 386 ; annual, leaflets green on both
surfaces finely pubescent broader than long, racemes elongated few-flowered,
calyx-teeth as long as the tube, pod globose 1-seeded. Wall. Cat. 5493. Glycine
nummularia, Linn. Mant. 571. Nomismia nummularia, W. 8f A. Prod?: 237 ;
Wight Ic. t. 283.

Plains of the Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

Stems trailing to a length of 2-3 ft., clothed with fine grey spreading hairs.
Stipules minute, ovate; petiole 1-6 in.; leaflets subcoriaceous, 1-2 in. broad,
truncate or emarginate, glabrescent above, finely pubescent on the edge and lower sur-
face, the end one distinctly-stalked, broadly deltoid at the base. Racemes 2-6-
flowered, distinctly peduncled, equalling or exceeding the leaves ; pedicels geminate,
very short, cernuous. Calyx £ in. long, densely pubescent ; teeth lanceolate. Corolla
\ in. Pod ^ in. each way, plicate, lenticular, clothed with fine deciduous hairs.

4. II. aurea, DC. Prod?: ii. 386 ; annual, leaflets green on both surfaces
finely pubescent obovate-rhomboidal, racemes close many-flowered, calyx-teeth
3-4 times as long as the tube, pod globose 2-seeded. R. elongata, DC. loc.
cit. R. densiflora, Wall. Cat. 5492 D. R. capitata, DC. P?'od?: loc. cit. Glycine
aurea, Willd. in Nov. Act. Per. iv. 1803, 18. G. elongata, Roth. Nov. Sp. 347.
G. capitata, Heyne in Roth. Nov. Sp. 346. Dolichos rufescens, Grah. in Wall.
Cat. 5544. Nomismia aurea, W.fy A. Prodr. 237. N. capitata, W. $ A. Prodr.
237 ; Wight Ic. t. 295.

Plains from the foot of the Himalayas to Ceylon.

Stems wide-trailing, very slender, clothed with fine spreading hairs. Stipules
minute, lanceolate, caducous ; petiole 1-3 in. ; leaflets subcoriaceous, as long as
broad, ^-2 in. each way, glabrescent above, obscurely pilose below, broadly deltoid at
both ends, exstipellate, the end one distinctly stalked. Racemes short-peduncled,
6-30-flowered, about on a level with the leaves; pedicels |— £ in., densely pubescent.
Calyx f-^ in., densely pubescent ; teeth setaceous, the lowest the longest. Corolla
bright yellow, scarcely exserted. Pod membranous, subcompressed, f— | in. each way,
with a faint line between the seeds, thinly clothed with fine spreading hairs.

5. It. filipes, Benth. in Hohen. PI. Ind. Or. Exsic. No. 1184 ; perennial,
leaflets thick obovate white-canescent reticulato-venose beneath, flowers pe-
duncled solitary, calyx-teeth as long as the tube, pod oblohg two-seeded.

Nilghiris.

Stems woody in the lower part, wide-trailing, slender, densely tomentose. Stipules
minute, lanceolate ; petiole under 1 in. ; leaflets coriaceous, very thick, £-1 in. long,
greenish, obscurely canescent above, covered with persistent thick white tomentum
below, the end one short-stalked, obtuse, with a minute mucro, rounded at the base.
Flowers on thread-like pedicels |-1 in. long, with a persistent silky lanceolate bract
a short distance below the calyx. Calyx £- £ in., densely silky; teeth lanceolate.
Corolla little exserted. Pod ^ in. long by half as broad, finely downy, reticulato-
venose, not lineate between the seeds.

Stjbgen. 3. Ptycho centrum, W. 8p A. Erect undershrubs, with
lanceolate acuminate calyx-teeth. Seeds with a waxy arillus.

6. It. suaveolens, DC. Prod?: ii. 387 ; leaves minutely downy, flowers
in peduncled pairs casually Solitary i calyx-teeth twice' the tube, corolla half as
long again as the calyx, pod minutely 'downy lineate externally septate in-

222 l. leguminos^:. (J. G. Baker.) [Rhy?ichosia.

ternally. W. 8f A. Prodr. 240. Glycine suaveolens, Linn. Suppl. 326. Cajanus
suaveolens, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5579.

Plains of Ceylon and both sides of the "Western Peninsula.

An undershrub, 1-3 ft. high, with many stiff erecto-patent branches, clothed with
fine short grey pubescence, sometimes lengthened out and half twining at the ends.
Stipules minute, lanceolate ; petiole 1-2 in., stiffly erecto-patent ; leaflets almost
membranous, pale green, minutely downy, especially beneath, sometimes stipellate, the
end one roundish, with a long cusp, distinctly stalked, 1-3 in. long. Peduncles
slender, erecto-patent, downy, seldom above 1 in. ; pedicels shorter than the calyx.
Calyx \ in., downy ; teeth linear-setaceous. Pod oblong, £-f in. long, turgid,
2 -seeded.

7. R. cana, DC. Prodr. ii. 386 ; leaves minutely downy, flowers in
peduncled pairs, calyx-teeth exceeding the tube, corolla twice the calyx, pod
minutely downy neither lineate externally nor septate internally. Wall. Cat.
5498 ; W.$A. Prodr. 240. Glycine cana, Willd. Sp. iii. 1063.

Plains of Ceylon, and both sides of the Western Peninsula.

A dwarf undershrub, with very numerous erecto-patent slender shortly downy
branchlets. Petioles- 1-2 in. long, erecto-patent ; leaflets obovate or oblong, obtuse
or subacute, thicker in texture and deeper in colour than in the last, thinly pilose
above, densely or thinly grey downy beneath, 1-2 in. long, exstipellate, the end one
distinctly stalked. Peduncles slender, £-1 in. ; pedicels shorter than the calyx, with
a small persistent lanceolate bract at the base. Calyx £ in., densely silky. Pod
oblong, |-f in. long, turgid, glabrescent, 2-seeded.

8. R. avensis, Benth. MSS. ; leaflets densely tomentose beneath, flowers
in peduncled racemes,, lowest calyx-tooth 3-4 times as long as the tube, pod
densely hairy lineate externally not septate internally. Cajanus candicans,
Wall. Cat. 5576. Atylosia candicans, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xliii. 2,
186.

Ava ; Taongdong, Wallich. Pegu, near Rangoon, McClelland.

Branches slender, woody, virgate, densely clothed with grey tomentum. Stipules
caducous ; petiole 1-2 in., stiffly erecto-patent ; leaflets thick, coriaceous, greenish,
thinly canescent above, densely persistently thickly grey-canescent beneath, the end
one ovate-acuminate, 3-4 in. long. Peduncles equalling or exceeding the petioles ;
pedicels ^-\ in. ; bracts lanceolate, caducous. Calyx ^-f in., densely silky ; all the
teeth linear-setaceous, the lowest the longest. Corolla not exserted. Pod oblique,
oblong, firm, |-f in. long, 2-seeded.

9. R. Eeddomei, Baker; leaflets argenteo-canescent on both sides,
flowers in subsessile congested racemes, calyx-teeth much exceeding the tube,
corolla not exserted.

Western Peninsula ; Cudrape hills, Beddome.

An erect shrub, with terete white-canescent branches. Petioles erecto-patent, ^-|
in. ; leaflets oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, subcoriaceous, thinly persistently
argenteo-canescent above, densely so beneath, the veins conspicuously raised, the end
one short-stalked. Flowers in copious cymes from the axils of reduced leaves ;
pedicels much shorter than calyx. Calyx f in., thinly silky. Corolla bright yellow.
Pod 1-seeded, not seen fully mature, oblong, thinly canescent.

SuBGEisr. 4. Cyanospermum, W. $ A. A. woody twiner with broad
foliaceous calyx-teeth. Seeds without an arillus.

10. R. cyanosperma, Benth. in Oliv. Flor. Trop. Africa, ii. 218. Cya-
nospermum tomentosum, W. fy A. Prodr. 260 ; Wight III. t. 81 (84) ; Date. $

Bhyncliosia.~] l. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) 223

Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 75. Cvlista tonientosa, Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. t. 221 ; Hort. Benq.
55 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 319 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 410 ; Wall. Cat. 5585. Cylista albiflora,
Bot. Mag. t. 1859.

Jungles of the "Western Peninsula and Ceylon. — Distbib. Mascaren isles, Zam-
besi-land.

A robust woody climber, with stems clothed with short grey or brown pubescence.
Leaflets subcoriaceous, flexible, softly pilose on both sides, 4-6 in. long, the end one
ovate-cuspidate, distinctly stalked ; stipellae large, setaceous, persistent. Racemes
close, distinctly peduncled, ^-1 ft. long; bracts large, round-cuspidate, caducous.
Calyx membranous, f in. long, densely clothed with grey hairs ; tube short, teeth
£-£ in. broad. Corolla included, marcescent, bright red or white. Pod as long as
the calyx, deeply torulose, persistently grey-canescent ; seeds large, globose, shining,
violet-black.

StnBGEN. 5. Pseudo-cajan, Benth. An erect shrub with narrow acumi-
nate calyx-teeth. Seeds without an arillus.

11. R. pseudo-cajan, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 45, t. 55. R. incana,

Royle MSS.

Western Himalayas ; Hazara to Gurwhal and Ku&aon, ascending to 9000 ft.

An erect shrub, 4-6 ft. high, with virgate slender branches, clothed with per-
sistent fine grey tomentum. Petiole £-1 in. ; stipules minute, caducous ; leaflets
subcoriaceous, 1-2 in. long, exstipellate, grey-green, thinly canescent above, densely
persistently grey-canescent beneath, with raised veinlets ; the end one oblong-rhom-
boidal, distinctly stalked, apex deltoid, subacute. Flowers in short-peduncled close
corymbs ; pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx § in., densely grey-canescent ;
lowest tooth linear-setaceous, exceeding the tube; the others shorter, lanceolate.
Corolla \-\ in. ; standard thinly silky. Pod oblong, an inch long, f in. broad,
straiglft, hard, persistently grey-canescent, subcompressed, bearing 1-2 seeds in the
upper half. •

Subgen. 6. Eurhynchosia, W. 8? A. Twining herbs or shrubs with
acuminate calyx-teeth. Seeds without an arillus.

* Leaflets small, subcoriaceous or membranous, usually obtuse. Pod much
exceeding the calyx (Copisma, E. Meyer).

12. It. minima, DC. Prodr. ii. 385 ; stems and leaves nearly or quite
glabrescent, leaflets as broad as long deltoid in the lower half, racemes lax
elongated, calyx-teeth exceeding the tube, pod 3-4 times the calyx small. R.
medicaginea, DC. Prodr. ii. 386 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 238 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 74. R. rhombifoHa, DC. Prodr. loc. cit. R. prostrata, Grah. in Wall. Cat.
5496. R. microphvlla, Wall. Cat. 5497. R. nuda, DC. Prodr. ii. 385 ; W. $
A. Prodr. 238; Wall. Cat. 6494 R. ervoidea, DC. loc. cit. Glycine rhom-
bifolia, Willd. Sp. iii. 1065 J )olichos minimus, Linn. Sp. PI. 1020. D. medi-
cagineus, Lam. Diet. ii. 297 ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 55.

Everywhere in the plains, from the Himalayas, where it ascends to 4000 ft., to
Ceylon and Birma. — Dtstrib. Cosmopolitan in the Tropics, Cape, United States.

A twining or wide-trailing annual, with very slender stems, with only a little
short pubescence at the beginning. Stipules minute, lanceolate, caducous ; leaflets
subcoriaceous or membranous, ±- l*in. broad and deep, obtuse, usually exstipellate,
the end one distinctly stalked, mostly conspicuously gland-dotted beneath. Racemes
6-12-flowered, short-peduncled, usually exceeding the leaves ; bracts minute, linear ;
pedicels short. Calyx ^-£ in., pubescent ; lowest tooth setaceous, twice the tube.
Corolla yellow, twice the calyx. Pod |-| in. long, under J in. broad, glabrescent,
turgid, slightly recurved, mostly 2-seeded.

Var. laxiflora; glabrous, leaflets larger l£-2 in. long acute both the upper and

V

224 L. leguminos^:. (J. G. Baker.) \_Rl1y71chosia.

lower half subdeltoid, racemes laxer 2-4 or even 6 in. long. E. laxiflora, Camb. in
Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 44, t. 54. R. Candollei, Decne. ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 170. R.
tenuicaulis, Wall'. Cat. 5495. R. filicaulis, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5502. Dolichos
fatmensis, Hochst. fy Steud. in Schimp. Arab. Exsic. No. 873.

13. R. Memnonia, DC. Prodr. 386; stems and leaves clothed with,
minute persistent grey pubescence, leaflets as broad as long obtuse deltoid in the
lower half, flowers few in lax racemes, calyx-teeth exceeding the tube, pod
small 3-4 times the calyx. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 625. R. pulyerulenta, Stocks
in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 147 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, loc. cit. Glycine Memnonia,
Delile Fl. jEgypt. 100, t. 38, fig. 3.

Scinde, near Kurrachee, Stocks. — Distrib. Arabia, Trop. Africa.
Scarcely more than a variety of the preceding, from which it only differs in
vestiture.

14. R. velutina, W. fy A. Prodr. 233 ; young branches minutely downy,
leaflets thinly grey-canesceut beneath as broad as long obtuse deltoid in the
lower half, racemes 2-4-flowered cymose, calyx-teeth equalling or exceeding
the tube, pod middle-sized 4-5 times the calyx.

NlLGHlRIS.

Stems wide-trailing, rather stouter than in B. minima, glabrescent when mature.
Stipules minute, linear, caducous ; leaflets subcoriaceous, ^-1£ in. long and broad,
green, glabrous above, persistently thinly grey-canescent beneath, exstipellate, the
end one distinctly stalked. Cymes 2-4-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels
^— i in. Calyx \-^ in., finely silky ; lowest tooth linear-setaceous, twice the tube,
the others much shorter, lanceolate. Corolla ^ in. Pod much recurved, 1-1^ in. by
I in., glabrescent, 2-seeded, narrowed very gradually to the base.

15. XL. pilosa, Wall. Cat. 5499 ; branches and leaves clothed with long
fine spreading grey hairs, leaflets oblong rounded at the base, racemes short
few-flowered, calyx-teeth with long setaceous points exceeding the tube.

Bihma ; banks of the Irrawaddi at Segaen, Wallich.

Stems very slender, twining. Stipules linear, £ in., subpersistent ; leaflets sub-
coriaceous, grey-green above, grey beneath, clothed on the edge and below with con-
spicuous long fine hairs, exstipellate, the end one oblong or ovate-oblong, rounded at
both ends, 1^-2 in. long. Racemes like those of B. minima, the buds like dense
tufts of silky hairs ; pedicels shorter than the calyx ; bracts minute, lanceolate.
Calyx £ in., all the teeth with long setaceous points. Corolla half as long again as
the calyx. Pod unknown.

16. TL. Falconeri, Baker ; branches and leaves clothed with short
spreading grey hairs, leaflets ovate-oblong rounded at both ends, racemes long-
peduncled lax few-flowered, lowest calyx-tooth linear exceeding the tube, pod
middle-sized 4-5 times the length of the calyx.

Gtubwhal, Falconer,

Stems wide-trailing, slender, densely clothed with short firm deflexed grey hairs.
Stipules £~% in., subpersistent, linear or lanceolate; petiole 1-2 in.; leaflets sub-
coriaceous, 1-1^ in. long, rounded to both ends, greenish beneath, thinly clothed on
both sides with persistent moderately firm grey hairs, exstipellate, the end one dis-
tinctly stalked. Bacemes 4-6-flowered ; peduncles much exceeding the leaves ;
pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx pilose, | in. ; teeth linear. Corolla half as
long again as the calyx ; standard slightly pilose. Pod 1 in. by f in., finely pubes-
cent, 2-seeded.

** Leaflets larger, flexible, not coriaceous, mostly acute. Pod much exceeding
the calyx.

Rhynchosia.'] l. leguminosjE. (J. G. Baker.) 225

17. 3&. viscosa, DC. Fhodr. ii. 387 ; pubescence minutely glandular, end-
leaflet acute as broad as long, pedicels very short, lowest calyx-tooth as long as
the tube much shorter than the corolla. R. stipulosa, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 229,
t. 43. R villosula, Thivaites Enum. 412. Dolichos glutinosus, Roxb. Fl. Ind
iii. 312 ; Wall. Cat. 5560 yW$ A. Frodr. 248.

Plains from the Himalayas to* Ceylon. — Distrir, Malaya, Trop. Africa, Mauri-
tius, Madagascar. '

Stems rather woody, wide-twining, clothed with deciduous fine short grey viscous
pubescence. Stipules small, deltoid, subpersistent ; leaflets green on both surfaces,
finely gland-dotted, often glabrescent, 1^—3 in. long, the apex deltoid, the base
broadly rounded, sometimes faintly 3-lobed, rarely stipellate, the end one on a
petiohile ^-f in. long. Racemes long-peduncled, lax, 2-4 in. long ; pedicels i_£ in. ;
bracts minute, ovate-cuspidate, deciduous. Calyx \ in., finely gland-downy ; upper
teeth deltoid. Corolla twice the calyx. Pod l\ in. by f in., 2-seeded, turgid, finely
pubescent, straight, tipped with the base of the style, narrowed to both ends.

18. R. himalensis, Benth. MSS. ; pubescence fine glandular, end leaflets
acute longer than broad, pedicels elongated, lower calyx-tooth as long as- the
corolla 3-4 times as long as the tube.

Western and Central Himalayas, alt. 3-7000 ft. Hazara, Simla, Garwhal,
Kumaon, &c.

Stems wide-trailing, slender, terete, clothed with fine short grey viscous pubes-
cence. Stipules lanceolate, £ in., subpersistent, reflexed ; leaflets thin, finely pubes-
cent on both surfaces, not at all coriaceous, a much paler green beneath than above,
exstipellate, 2-3 in. long ; the end one ovate-acuminate, distinctly stalked. Racemes
^-i ft. long, lax, distinctly peduncled; pedicels £ in. ; bracts ^-£ in., oblong-lanceo-
late. Calyx ^ in., densely downy ; lowest to'oth linear- setaceous ; the others lanceo-
late-setaceous^ twice the tube. Standard glabrous, yellow, very conspicuously veined
with purple. Pod 1-1 1 in. by f in., finely downy, 2-seeded, rather recurved, narrowed
to both ends.

39, It. serioea, Spnnoghe in Linntea, xv. 195; pubescence dense soft
spreading, end-leaflet rotundato-rhomboidal obtuse or subacute, pedicels short,
lower calyx-tooth linear as long as the tube much shorter than the corolla.
Dolichos tomentosus, Roth Nov. Sp. 345 ; DC. Frodr. ii. 401 ; W. $ A. Frodr.
248. D. macrodon, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5555.

Central and "Western Himalayas, ascending to 5-6000 ft., and hills of West
Peninsula. — Distrib. Malaya.

Stems woody, slender, wide-climbing, densely clothed with soft short spreading
grey glandular hairs. Stipules lanceolate, £-§ in., subpersistent; leaflets not at all
coriaceous, soft with dense short pubescence on both surfaces, sometimes stipellate, pale
green both above and beneath, the end one distinctly stalked, deltoid at the tip, the
lower half narrowed suddenly to a rather rounded base. Racemes many-flowered,
moderately close, including the long peduncle reaching a foot in length ; pedicels
much shorter than the calyx ; bracts lanceolate, silky, exceeding the buds. Calyx
£-§ in., densely grey-silky ; upper teeth deltoid-cuspidate, shorter than the tube.
Corolla ^— | in. ; standard dark purple inside, callose, distinctly auricled, silky on the
back. Pod 1-1£ in. by § In*., finely-pubescent, turgid, 2-seeded, rather recurved,
t'pped with the long persistent base of the style.

20. It. bracteata, Benth. MSS. ; pubescence very short canescent not
glandular, leaflets rotundato-rhomboidal cuspidate, pedicels short, lower calyx-
tooth linear exceeding the tube shorter than the corolla. Dolichos bracteatus,
Wall. Cat. 5554.

Upper Gangetic Plain, near Benares, Madden. BirmA ; Prome, Jenanghaen and
Taong-dong, Wallich.

vol. n. Q

226 l. leguminosj:. (J. G-. Baker.) [Rhynchosia.

Branches twining or straight, woody, many-grooved, persistently pilose. Stipules
minute, caducous ; leaflets 2-4 in. long and broad, thick, subcoriaceous, green, thinly
downy above, densely softly grey-downy beneath, exstipellate. Racemes moderately
close, distinctly peduncled, much exceeding the leaves ; pedicels shorter than the
calyx. Calyx ^-g- in., densely downy ; upper teeth deltoid or lanceolate, shorter than
the tube. Corolla % in.; standard canescent externally. Pod 1-1£ in, by ^ in.,
turgid, 2-seeded, narrowed in the lower half, minutely downy.

21. Br. acutissima, Thwaites, Enum. 413 ; pubescence short not glandular,
leaflets oblong-rhomboidal, pedicels exceeding the calyx, lowest calyx-tooth
lanceolate much shorter than the corolla.

Travancor, Beddome. Ceylon, near Hantani, alt. 3000 ft., Thwaites.

A twiner, with stems clothed with short pale brown tomentum; Stipules lanceo-
late, caducous ; leaflets 2-5 in. long, very acuminate. Racemes equalling or shorter
than the leaves; pedicels geminate, \-^ in. long; bracts lanceolate-acuminate,
deciduous. Calyx £ in. ; teeth lanceolate, the upper pair subconnate. Corolla £ in.,
yellow veined with red. Ovary 2-ovuled. Pod not seen.

*** Leaflets not at all coriaceous. Calyx as long as the corolla, nearly as long
as the pod. (Arcyphyllum, Elliott).

22. Xt. densiflora, DC. Prodr. ii. 386 ; Wall. Cat. 5492, excl. D. ;
W. $ A. Prodr. 239. Glycine densiflora, Roth Nov. Sp. 348. Hedysaruni
punctatuni, Rottl. in Berl. Mag. 231, non Poir. Desmodium punctatum, DC.
Prodr. ii. 338.

Plains of both sides of the Western Peninsula. — Distrib. Zambesi land.

Stems very slender, woody, wide-twining, finely grey-downy. Stipules minute,
caducous ;v leaflets ovate-rhomboidal, obtuse or acute, 1-2 in. long, flexible, minutely
grey-downy, especially below, sometimes stipellate, the end one short-stalked. Flowers
20-40 or more in dense nearly sessile heads usually shorter than the leaves ; pedicels
much shorter than the calyx ; bracts linear, ^-\ in., persistent. Calyx |— £ in. ; teeth
all lanceolate acuminate ; tube very short. Corolla glabrous. Pod oblong, ^— f in
by \ in., 2-seeded, pubescent, oblique, narrowed suddenly at the tip.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

Dolichos candicans, Wall. Cat. 5567, from Ava, belongs either to § 3 or 5, but
the seed is not known. It has densely tomentose virgate branches, thick coriaceous
obtuse leaflets rather broader than long densely persistently grey-tomentose on the
lower side with the veinlets raised, the end one distinctly stalked 1-2 in. long,
racemes short-peduncled closely few-flowered, small lanceolate bracts, pedicels shorter
than the calyx, calyx densely grey-pubescent § in. long, lowest tooth linear exceeding
the tube, the others shorter, lanceolate, corolla scarcely exserted.

P. mollissima, Dalz. inJoum. Linn. Soc. xiii. 186, from Kandesh, which I have not
seen, is said to differ from R. sericea principally by the want of callosities and auricles
to the standard.

85. FLEBXINCIA, Koxb.

Shrubs, rarely herbs, with leaves digitately 3-foliolate or simple, gland-dotted
below. Inflorescence various ; pedicels very short, not bracteolate. Calyx-tube
short ; teeth narrow, acuminate, the lowest often the longest. Corolla little or
not at all exserted; petals equal in length ; keel obtuse or slightly rostrate.
Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile, 2-ovuled ; style fili-
form, beardless, stigma capitate. Pod oblong, turgid, small, usually two-
seeded ; seeds not strophiolate, the funicle centrical. — Distrib. Only 3 Trop.
African species not here represented.

Sttbgen. 1. Ostryodium, Desv. Shrubs. Leaves simple. Floivers in

Flemingia.] l. leguminos2E. (J. G. Baker.) 227

small cymes, each hidden by a large folded persistent bract, closely distich. Isly
arranged in copious simple or slightly branched racemes, both in the axils of the
leaves and above them.

1. P. strobilifera, R. Br. in Ait. Sort. Keiu ed. 2, iv. 350; leaves ob-
long subacute broadly rounded at the base, axis of racemes zigzag, bracts
pointed or faintly emarginate. DC. Prodr. ii. 351 ; Wall. Cat. 5753 ; W. § A.
Prodr. 243 ; Wight Ic. t. 267 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 75. Hedysarum stro-
biliferum, Linn. Sp. 1053 : Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 350. Zornia strobilifera, Pers. Ench.
ii. 319. F. abrupta, Wall. Cat. 5755.

Himalayas from Simla and Kumaon, ascending to 8000 ft. to Assam, Khasia,
Chittagoxg, Siam, Malacca, and Ceylon. — Distrib. Malayan Islands, Philippines,
Timor. Introduced in Mauritius and West Indies.

An erect shrub, 5-10 ft. high. Branches slender, terete, velvety. Leaves subco-
riaceous, 3-8 in. long, green, glabrescent above, thinly silky, especially on the raised
parallel erecto-patent ribs below ; stipules scariose, linear, i-^- in. ; petiole stiffly
erecto-patent, ^—1 in. Racemes 3-6 in. long, usually simple, the slender zigzag rachis
densely grey-downy; bracts erecto-patent, short-petioled, deeply cordate, ^—1 in. long,
membranous, finely downy, rather broader than long, obscurely cuspidate in the typical
form. Calyx \ in., finely pilose ; teeth lanceolate, exceeding the tube. Corolla
purple, little exserted. Pod oblong, turgid, ^— § in. long, finely downy, 2-seeded.

Var. 1 . bracteata ; racemes copious dense panicled, bracts slightly emarginate. F.
bracteata, Wight Ic. t. 268 ; Bcnth. PI. Jungh. 245. Hedysarum bracteatum, Roxb.
Fl. Ind. iii. 351. F. chlorostachys, Wall. Cat. 5756. — Forests of East Himalayas and
Birma.

Var. 2. fruticulosa; habit low and branches trailing, leaves smaller plicate, ra-
cemes fewer-flowered, bracts ^— § in. slightly emarginate. F. fruticulosa, Wall. Cat.
5754 ; Benth. PI. Jungh. 245.— Temperate region of Central Himalayas.

2. P. Chappar, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5757 ; leaves rotundato-cordate cus-
pidate, rachis of racemes straight, bracts deeply emarginate. Benth. PL Jungh.
244.

Eastern Himalayas, Hamilton. Behar, Dr. Hooker. Ava, Wallich.

General habit and inflorescence just that of the last. Branches terete, with a thin
coating of adpressed hairs. Leaves nearly as broad as long, subcoriaceous, 2-4 in.
each way, green, glabrous above, minutely grey-downy below ; petiole longer than in
F. strobilifera. Racemes often panicled ; rachis more woody than in the last, and the
pubescence shorter ; bracts firmer, less distinctly veined, much broader than long.
Calyx £- 1 in. ; teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla twice the calyx. Pod as
in the last.

Stibgen. 2. Chalaria, W. fy A. Erect shrubs. Leaves simple or 3-folio-
late. Bracts minute, caducous. Flowers in lax panicled racemes.

3. F. paniculata, Wall. Cat. 5759; leaflets simple large cordate-ovate
cuspidate thin not plicate, flowers mostly in a terminal panicle, bracts navicular
as long as the calyx. Benth. PI. Jungh. 245. F. Phursia, Ham. in Wall. Cat.

5758.

Central and Eastern Himalayas, tropical zone ; from Kumaon to Sikkim. Moul-
mein, Heifer.

An erect shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high, with finely downy slender terete branches. Leaves
subcoriaceous, thin, full green above, paler beneath, glabrous except on the ribs of the
undersurface, 3-6 in. long; petiole 1 in. or less long; stipules minute, lanceolate, ca:
ducous. Axillary racemes sometimes simple, sometimes fascicled, the end ones forming
a thyrsoid panicle £ ft. long, with densely grey downy branches, rather laxly flowered
nearly down to the base ; bracts ovate, pilose, scariose ; pedicels shorter than the calyx.
Calyx ±-\ in., densely grey-downy ; teeth lanceolate, acuminate ; tube very short.
Corolla reddish, little exserted ; keel rostrate. Pod % in., oblong, finely downy,
2-seeded.

Q2

228 L. leguminos^:. (J. Gr. Baker.) [Flemingia.

\IHjF' *ilieata* Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56; Fl. Ind. iii. 341; leaves 3-folio-
kt^otuauceotate-otflong deeply plicate, flowers in copious axillary and terminal
panicled racemes, bracts verv minute linear. Wall. Cat. 5752 ; DC. Prodr. ii.
351 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 242 ; Wight Ic. t. 327. Hedysarum lineatum, Linn. Sp.
PI. 1054. Lespedeza lineata, Pers. Syn. ii. 318.

Plains from the Himalayas to Ceylon, Birma and Siam. — Distrib. Malayan
Islands, N. Australia.

An erect shrub, with the ultimate branchlets angular and grey-can eseent. Stipules
lanceolate, scariose, subpersistent, |-f in. ; petiole |-2 in., erecto-patent, deeply
sulcate ; leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous, 1-3 in. long, obtuse, or with a slight cusp, del-
toid at the base, exstipellate, both surfaces especially the lower finely grey-canescent,
sublucent. Panicles from the axils of most of the leaves, erecto-patent, 2-4 in. long,
the flowers crowded towards the end of the branches and absent from the lower part ;
pedicels very short. Calyx |— £ in., densely grey-downy ; teeth lanceolate. Corolla
little exserted ; keel beaked. Pod f-£ in., finely downy, rounded at both ends,
2-seeded.

Sttbgen. 3. Fleming iastrum, DO. Erect shrubs. Leaves digitately
3-foliolate. Flowers in dense subspicate axillary racemes ; bracts linear or lan-
ceolate, caducous.

5. F. stricta, Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. t. 248; Hort. Beng. 56; Fl. Ind. iii.
342 ; branches triquetrous, leaflets thin large acuminate obscurely silky on the
ribs below, bracts linear firm much exceeding the buds, calyx silkv. DC.
Prodr. ii. 351 ; Wall. Cat. 5745, excl. F; W. 8? A. Prodr. 241 ; Wight Ic. t.
329.

Tropical regions of Sikkim, Silhet, Assam ; Birma, Tenasserim, and the Western
Peninsula, — Distrib. China.

A tall shrub, with woody triquetrous branches, clothed with only a few short
adpressed hairs. Stipules large, lanceolate, rigidly scariose, soon falling; petiole
3-6 in., triquetrous, deeply sulcate, not winged ; leaflets subcoriaceous, |— 1 ft. long,
oblong, narrowed to both ends, smooth and glabrous above, with only a few short
obscure hairs on the ribs below. Racemes dense,' oblong-cylindrical, often fascicled,
?-3 in. long, the lower bracts larger than the others and subpersistent, the upper ones
rigidly scariose, linear, £-f in. long, shortly silky, densely imbricated before the
flowers expand ; pedicels very short. Calyx \- § in. ; teeth linear, the lowest twice as
long as the others. Corolla as long as the lower tooth, much exceeding the others ; keel
obtuse. Pod \— § in. long, glabrescent.

Var. pteropus, Baker; petiole distinctly winged, leaflets lanceolate acuminate
plicate, spikes more slender densely fascicled, bracts and flowers smaller.— Pegu,
McClelland.

6. P. G-rahamiana, W. 8r A. Prodr. 242 ; branches subterete, leaflets
obovate obtuse or subacute thinly silky below, bracts linear firm small, calyx
shaggy. F. pycnantha, Benth. in Hohen. PI. Exsic. No. 1211 ; PI. Jungh. 245.

Nilghiris, Wight, Gardner, &c.

A low erect shrub, with tomentose young shoots. Stipules lanceolate, \-^ in.,
caducous ; petiole £-1 in., erecto-patent, not winged ; leaflets subcoriaceous, 2-3 in.
long, plicate, glabrous above, grey-silky especially on the ribs beneath many of the
veinlets raised. Spikes dense, oblong, 1-2 in. long, often fascicled ; bracts under
^ in. long, erecto-patent, subrigid, subpersistent. Calyx § in. ; teeth plumose, linear-
.fetaceous, subequal. Corolla not exserted. Pod oblong, § in. long, finely pubescent,
and often covered with red viscous glands.

7. T. cc:i7C5ta, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56; Fl. Ind. iii. 340; branches sub-
larete, leaflets oblclng hcuminate silky on the ribs below, bracts neither rigid
nor protruded, calyx silkv. DC. Prodr. ii. 351; Wall. Cat. 5747, in qreater
part ; W. § A. Prodr. 241 ; Wight Ic. t. 390 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 75.

Flemingia.'] L. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) 229

F. angustifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 341 ? Orotalaria macrophylla, Willd. Sp.
iii. 982. Rhynchosia crotalarioides, DC. Prodr. ii. '387.

Central Himalayas to Ceylon and Malacca, in the tropical region. — Distrib.
Malay isles, China, Philippines.

An erect woody shrub, 4-6 ft. high, with terete glabrescent old and rather angular
sulcate silky young branches. Stipules linear, \ in., caducous ; petiole 1-4 in., sili-
cate down the face, not winged ; leaflets subcoriaceous, thin not plicate, 4-6 in. long,
narrowed to a long point, and downwards to a rather rounded base, green and glabrous
above, thinly grey-silky beneath. Racemes oblong, dense, 1-2 in. long, sessile, often
fascicled ; bracts lanceolate, ^— \ in. long, silky on the back, like the calyx, deciduous,
not at all rigid ; pedicels very short. Calyx £- § in., densely clothed with adpressed
shining pale brown silky hairs; teeth linear-lanceolate, the lowest exceeding the
others. Corolla scarcely exserted ; keel obtuse. Pod oblong, | in. long, obscurely
downy, 2-seeded.

Var. 1. semialata ; general habit and leaflets of the type, but the petiole narrowly
winged, the racemes often rather laxer and calyx-teeth narrower. F. semialata, Roxb.
Fl. hid. iii. 340 ; Don Prodr. 242 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 241 ; Wight Ic. t. 326 ; Wall. Cat.
5746, in greater part. F. stricta, Wall. Cat. 5745 E. F. prostrata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii.
338 (a low trailing form). — Kange of the type, ascending to 5000 ft. in the Central
Himalayas.

Var. 2. latifolia; tall, very robust, leaflets larger acute 6-9 in. long, bracts §— |in.
long like the calyx densely clothed with shining adpressed brown silky hairs. F.
latifolia, Benth. PI. Jungh. 246 ; Miq. Fl. lad. Bat. i. 163.— Khasia, 2-3000 ft. Hook.
jil. and Thomson, Griffith. — Distrib. Java.

Var. 3. Wightiana ; erect, branches densely silky, leaflets smaller thicker densely
clothed with adpressed grey or ferruginous silky hairs below with the veinlets raised,
petiole not winged, pubescence of calyx and raceme-rachis denser and less adpressed.
F. Wightiana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5751 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 242. F. ferruginea, Wall.
Cat. 5750. — Nilghiris, Wight. Bhotan, Griffith. Ava, at Taong-Dong, Wallich.

Var. 4. nana; a low diffuse undershrub, leaflets obtuse 1-2 in. long plicate reti-
culato-rugose beneath, heads few subglobose few-flowered sometimes shortly peduncled,
calyx-teeth deep very narrow, pod slightly downy. F. nana, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56 ;
Fl. Ind. iii. 339 ; Wall Cat. 5748 A ; Wight Ic. t. 389 (suberect). F. procumbens,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 338 ; Wight Ic. t. 408 (trailing diffuse) ; Balz. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 75.
F. capitata, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5749. — Central and Eastern Himalayas, 2-5000 ft.,
Concan.

8. F. Wallichii, W. fy A. Prodr. 242 ; branches subterete, leaflets obo-
vate obtuse or subacute finely downy beneath, bracts small not at all rigid, calyx
shaggy. F. semialata, var. vestita. Wall. Cat. 5746, G. F. nana, Wall. Cat.
5748, B. F. sericans, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xliii. 2, 186.

Hills of Western Peninsula. Prome, Wallich. Martaban, Kurz.

Branches slender, erect, densely clothed with short spreading hairs. Stipules small,
caducous ; petiole 1-2 in., faintly winged ; leaflets obovate-oblong, 2-4 in. long, gla-
brous on the upper surface, nearly flat. Heads dense, oblong, sessile, 1-2 in. long,
solitary or fascicled. Calyx |-^ in., shaggy, with dense persistent firm spreading
grey hairs, slit down nearly to the base into subequal linear plumose teeth. Corolla
included. Pod oblong, as long as the calyx, finely downy. Not clearly distinct from
the last, from which it mainly differs in vestiture.

Subgen. 4. Xiepidocoma, Jungh. An erect shrub. Leaves digitately
3-foliolate. Flowers in dense globose heads surrounded by large bracts (like tb.3
capitula of Composite).
♦

9. F. involucrata, Benth. PI. Jungh. 246. F. capitata, Zolling.; Micx.
Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 166. Lespedeza involucrata, Wall. Cat. 5742. Lepidocoma
trifoliatum, Jungh. Reise, 338.

230 l. leguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) [Flemingfa.

Eastern Himalayas, Assam and Sikkim, ascending to 3000 ft. Pegu, McClelland,
Kurz. Concan, Stocks. — Distrib. Java.

An erect shrub, 2-4 ft. high, with slender terete zigzag woody finely downy
branches. Stipules large, scariose, caducous ; petiole ^-^ in. ; leaflets oblong or
lanceolate, narrowed to both ends. 2-3 in. long, subcoriaceous. glabrous above, grey and
finely downy below. Heads copious, both terminal on the branches and, axillary on
short peduncles, an inch broad, encircled by about a dozen lanceolate acuminate sca-
riose persistent bracts £ in. long. Calyx ^-f in. long, shaggy with long dense grey
hairs ; teeth very long, the two upper subconnate. Corolla included ; keel obtuse.
Pod small, oblong, included, firm, downy, 1 -seeded.

Sttbgen. 5. Xthynchosioides. Trailing herbs with herbaceous roots.
Leaves digitately 3-foliolate ; bracts minute, caducous.

10. F. vestita, Benth. MSS. ; leaflets obovate-cuneate minutely pilose,
sfipules large persistent, flowers 4-10 in dense long-pedimcled heads, corolla
much exserted. Dolichos vestitus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5545.

Himalayas ; from Simla, Garwhal and Kumaon to Khasia, ascending to 7000 ft.
Sometimes cultivated for the sake of its tuberous esculent root.

Stems trailing to a length of 1-2 ft., branched, densely clothed with short grey
hairs. Stipules J- § in., lanceolate, scariose ; petiole ^-1 in. ; leaflets brought close to
one another by their edges, not at all coriaceous, full green above, pale green beneath,
minutely hairy on both sides, exstipellate, obtuse or shortly cuspidate. |— 1 in. each way.
Flowers 3-6 together, in dense heads like Lotus, on pilose peduncles overtopping the
leaves ; pedicels very short; bracts £ in., silky, oblong or roundish, cuspidate. Calux
\-\ in., densely brown-velvety ; teeth subequal, exceeding the tube. Corolla bright
red, half as long again as the calyx ; keel much incurved, distinctly rostrate. Pod
oblong, included, subcylindrical, 1 -seeded, finely hairy.

Var. nilgheriensis ; leaflets smaller firmer more acute, hairs of stem and petioles
longer and denser, flowers a dozen or more in a head, calyx-teeth linear, corolla
scarcely exserted. P. procumbens, Wight Ic. t. 987 ; Balz. §■ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 75, non
Boxb. — Hills of Western Peninsula.

11. P. tuberosa, Balz. in Keiv Jouim. Bot. ii. 34; leaflets lanceolate
glabrous, stipules minute caducous, flowers very lax in few-flowered peduncled
dichotomous corymbs, corolla not exserted. Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 75.

Concan, Balzell, Stocks.

Stems 2-3 ft. long, copiously branched, thinly clothed with fine spreading hairs.
Leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous, acute, 1-2 in. long, those of the lowest leaves shorter,
oblong. Corymbs copious, terminal and axillary, distinctly peduncled, exceeding the
leaves, the last branches erecto-patent, 1-2 in. long, the flowers usually solitary, rarely
geminate at their tips; bracts and bracteoles minute, rigid, ovate, like those of Shu-
teria. Calyx \ in., strongly ribbed, densely pilose ; teeth lanceolate, exceeding the
tube. Blade of standard round ; keel very narrow, abruptly incurved at the tip. Pod
oblong, 1-2-seeded, if the latter slightly exceeding the calyx.

86. DALBEBGIA, Linn. fil.

Trees or climbing shrubs. Leaves with alternate subcoriaceous leaflets. Flowers
copious, small, in terminal or lateral panicles. Calyx campanulate ; teeth 5,
distinct, usually short. Corolla exserted ; standard broad ; keel obtuse, with
its petals only joined at the tip. Stamens 9-10, monad elphous or the sheath
slit down the keel ; anthers minute, basifixed, with the cells back to back, and the
slit mostly short and apical. Ovary stalked, few-ovuled ; style short, incurved,
glabrous, stigma capitate. Pod oblong or strap-shaped, usually thin and flat,
1-4-seeded, indehiscent, not thickened or winged at the sutures. — Distrib.
Species 60-70, cosmopolitan in the tropics.

DaTbergla.'] l. leguminos^:. (J. G. Baker.) 231

Subgen. 1. Sissoa, Benth. Stamens usually nine in one bundle, the
sheath of filaments being slit only along the top. Pod straight, thin, 1-4-
seeded.

* Leaflets large.

1. I>. Sissoo, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53; Fl. Ind. iii. 223; erect, leaflets
3-5 roundish with a very distinct cusp, flowers in short axillary panicles Math
racemoso-corvinbose branches, pedicels short, pod 1-^-seeded not veined opposite
the seeds. DC. Prodr. ii. 416 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 264 ; Wall. Cat. 5850 ; Benth.
in Journ. Linn. Soe. iv., Suppl. 40 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 25. J), pendula, Tenure
Cat. Hort. Neap. 84.

Plains through India proper, ascending to 5000 ft. in the Central Himalayas. —
Distrib. Afghanistan, Beloochistan.

An erect tree, with finely grey-downy branches. 7/etf/-rachis zigzag; leaflets
firm, soon glabrescent, 1-3 in. long. Panicles much shorter than the leaves, the
erecto-patent branches densely pubescent. Calyx £ in. deep, downy ; teeth very
short, the lowest rather the longest, lanceolate. Corolla yellowish, twice the length
of the calyx ; standard with a long claw and round limb. Stamens 9. Pod thin,
strap-shaped, pale brown, glabrous, 1^—4 in. by ^-^ in., obtuse with a stalk twice
as long as the calyx.

2. D. latifolia, Roxb. Cor. PI. ii. 7, t. 113 ; erect, leaflets 6-7 orbicular
obtuse, flowers in lax axillary panicles with subcorymbose branches, pedicels
elongated, pod 1-3-seeded not veined opposite the seeds. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii.
221 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 416 ; W. § A. Prodr. 264 ; Wight Ic. t. 1156 ; Wall. Cat.
5852 ; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 38 ; Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 77 ;
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 24. D. emarginata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 224 ;
Wall. Cat. 5858.

Common through the Western Peninsula, Sikkim and Behar, Hook. jil. Bun-'
delcund, Edgeworth.

An erect tree, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves 4-6 in. long ; rachis straight ;
leaflets 1^—2^ in. long, firm, greenish or glaucous below, often emarginate at the
point, cuneate at the base, the petiolules unusually long. Flowers in lax broad
panicles, shorter, than the leaves ; pedicels as long as the calyx. Calyx ^-£ in. ; teeth
obtuse, rather shorter than the tube. Stamens 9. Corolla white, twice the length
of the calyx. Pod firm, brown, strap-shaped, rather shining, l£-3 in. by ^-f in.,
in the place of the seeds distinctly marked but not wrinkled.

Var. sissoides; leaflets rather narrower in proportion to their length and some-
times obtusely pointed. D. sissoides, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5876 ; W. <f A. Prodr. 265 ;
Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 39. D. javanica, Mia. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 132?
— Nilghiris. Distrib. Java?

3. D. ovata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5854; scandent, leaflets 5-7 oblong
acute, flowers in axillary panicles with crowded corymbose branchlets, pedicels
very short, pod 1-3-seeded not veined opposite the seeds. Benth. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. iv., Suppl. 40. D. glauca, Wall. Cat. 5862.

Martaban, Wallich. Pegu, Kurz.

Whole plant glabrous, except the branchlets of the panicle. Zea/"-rachis 2-3
in. long ; leaflets firm, greenish or slightly glaucous below, the upper oblong, 3-4
in. long, narrowed gradually to a point, the lower shorter round-ovate. Panicle
broad, about as long as the leaves, made up of distant congested clusters, the
main branches spreading or even deflexed. Flower and pod just like those of B.
latifolia.

Var. obtusifolia; leaflets oblong or obovate-oblong obtuse emarginate 3-5 in.
long. — Birma, Griffith, Kurz.

4. D. Championi, Thwaites Enum. PL Zeyl. 95; scandent, leaflets 1-5

232 l. leguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) [Balbergia.

oblong acute, flowers in lax axillary panicles with subcorymbose branches,
pedicels as long as the calyx, pod not veined opposite the solitary seed. Benth.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 39. D. pseudo-sissoo, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 128 ?

Ceylon, Gardner, Walker, &c. — Distrib. Malay isles.

Branches glabrous, twining. Leaflets firm, glabrous, green on both surfaces, oblong,
2-4 in. long, rounded at the base, narrowed suddenly to a point. Panicles as long
as or shorter than the leaves, the branches finely grey-downy. Calyx £ in., sub-
glabrous ; teeth short, obtuse. Corolla twice the length of the calyx ; claws of the
petals as long as the calyx. Stamens 9. Pod strap-shaped, obtuse, 3-4 in. by
f— | in., always 1 -seeded.

5. Z>. rimosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53; Fl. Ind. iii. 233; erect, leaflets
5-9 oblong obtuse or acute, flowers very small in axillary and terminal panicles
with corymbose branches, pedicels very short, pod thickened and veined opposite
the solitary seed. Wall. Cat. 5853 ; Wight Ic. t. 262 ; Benth. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. iv., Suppl. 32.

Eastern Himalayas, tropical zone, ascending to 4000 ft. ; Khasia, Silhet, Assam.

jLea/'-rachis straight, 2-4 in. long ; leaflets moderately firm, oblong or obovate-
oblong, 2—4 in. long, bright green above, grey with a thin coating of grey short
adpressed hairs beneath. Panicles broad and corymbose, with finely grey-downy
branches, the very numerous small flowers in crowded corymbs. Calyx ^ in.,
finely downy; teeth obtuse, subequal, about as long as the tube. Corolla white,
twice as long as the calyx ; claws of the petals very short. Pod oblong, glabrous,
2-3 in. by l-l^ in., much thickened opposite the large seed. Seeds very rarely 2.

6. 2>. foliacea, Wall. Cat. 5856 A, 0, D ; erect, leaflets 9-13 elongate-
oblong obttise or acute, flowers small mostly in ample terminal panicles with
corymbose branches, pedicels short, pod thickened and veined opposite the
usually solitary seed. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 41.

Forests of Ava, Pegu, and Martaban.

2/e«/-rachis straight, 3-4 in. long ; leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous, not
glaucous beneath. Panicle |— £ ft., the main branches wide-spreading, rather
decurved, the branchlets clothed with thin grey-brown pubescence. Calyx — in.,
finely downy, the lowest tooth about as long as the tube. Corolla twice the length
of the calyx, the claws of the petals short. Pod just like that of D. ri/nosa.

** Leaflets few, small.

7. D. rubig-inosa, Roxb. Cor. PI. ii. 9, 1. 115 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 231 ; scandent,
leaflets 5-7 oblong obtuse glabrous beneath, flowers in short crowded axillary
panicles, pedicels very short, petal-claws as long as the calyx, ovaries 3-4-ovuled.
DC. Prodr. ii. 416 ; W. fy A. Prodr. 265 ; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv.,
Suppl. 43.

Western Peninsula. — Distrib. South China.

Habit of I). rnonosperma, from which it may be readily known by the stamens
and ovary. Branches glabrous, twining. Leaflets firm, not conspicuously veined,
1-2 in. long, rather glaucous beneath. Panicles 1-2 in. long, .sessile, the branchlets
finely pubescent. Calyx scarcely £ in. long, finely brown-silky, with a pair of small
obtuse persistent bracteoles ; teeth short, obtuse. Corolla twice the length of the
calyx. Pod unknown.

8. D. cong-esta, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5872 ; scandent, leaflets 7-11
oblong obtuse more or less clothed with brown pubescence beneath, flowers in
short crowded axillary panicles, pedicels very short, petal-claws as long as the
calyx, pod 1-2-seeded not veined opposite the seeds. W. Sf A. Prodr. 265 ;
Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 43. D. Gardneriana, Benth. loc. cit.

Dalbergia.] l. lbguminosjj. (J. Gr. Baker.) 23

Nilghiius, Noton, Gardner, &c.

Closely allied to D. ruUginosa, of which it is perhaps a variety. Branchlets and
leaves below at first densely clothed with brown pubescence. Leaflets very thick,
l-l£ in. long, emarginate. Panicles 1-2 in. long, dense, the branches densely brown-
velvety. Pedicels ^-^ in. Calyx ^ in., with a pair of conspicuous adpressed
bracteoles ; teeth short. Corolla twice the length of the calyx. Pod thin, brown,
glabrous, distinctly stalked, strap-shaped, l$-2$ in. by | in.

9. D. cultrata, Or ah. in Wall. Cat. 5861 ; erect, leaflets 7-11 obovate-
oblong obtuse emarginate glabrous, flowers in short axillary fascicled panicles
with racemose branches, pedicels as long as the calyx, petal-claws short, pod
1-3-seeded not veined opposite the seeds. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl.
39.

Prome Hills, Wattich. Pegu, McClelland.

G-eneral habit like that of D. lanceolaria. Branches and leaves below glabrous.
Leaflets 1^-2 in. long, moderately firm, green on both sides. Flowers in copious
rather lax panicles, with slender ascending subglabrous branches. Calyx ~ in., sub-
glabrous ; teeth short. Corolla twice the calyx. Pod just like that of D. lanceolaria,
from which it can only be distinguished by the flowers.

*** Leaflets many, small.

10. D. Jung-huhnii, Benth. PL Jungh. i. 254 ; scandent, leaflets 9-15
oblong glabrous obtuse, flowers minute mostly in ample terminal panicles with
crowded cymose branches, pedicels and petal-claws very short, pod oblong not
veined opposite the solitary seed. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 33.
D. parviflora, JRoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 225 ?

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.— Distrib. Malay isles.

Branches slender, glabrous, often twisted. Leaves 2-3 in. long; leaflets thick,
rigid, \-\\ in. long, truncate or emarginate, glabrous, slightly glaucous below.
Branches of the panicle downy, the ultimate branchlets forming distinct scorpioid
cymes. Calyx glabrous, under ~ in. ; teeth short, obtuse, the lowest the longest.
Corolla £ in. Pod thin, membranous, greenish, glabrous, distinctly stalked, 2^-3 in.
by l-l£ in.

11. Z>. confertiflora, Benth. PI. Jungh. i. 255; scandent, leaflets 11-15
oblong glabrous obtuse, flowers mostly in ample terminal panicles with crowded
corymbose branches, pedicels and petal-claws short, pod 1-2-seeded strap-shaped
rather veined opposite the seeds. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 41.
D. paniculata, Wall. Cat. 5848, E & I, ex parte.

Oudh and Sillet, Wallich. Concan, Stocks.

Habit of B. volubilis, from which it can only be safely distinguished by the
stamens. Leaves 4-6 in. long; leaflets moderately firm, 1-2 in. long, obtuse or
emarginate, much paler below than above, but scarcely glaucous. Branches of the
panicle densely pubescent. Calyx £ in. ; upper teeth short, obtuse, lowest lanceolate.
Corolla not more than half as long again as the calyx. Pod thin, glabrous, brownish,
2-3 in. by f-f in., narrowed to the point and to a stalk nearly half an inch long.

12. D. velutina, Benth. PI. Jungh. 255 ; scandent, leaflets 13-17 oblong
obtuse ferrugineo-pubescent, flowers in peduncled axillary panicles with corym-
bose branches, pedicels short, petal-claws long, pod 1-3-seeded strap-shaped not
veined opposite the seeds. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 43. D. stipu-
late Wall. Cat. 5868 A, B ex parte.

Khasia, Silhet, and Eastern Peninsula.

Branches, pedicels, and leaves, especially on the underside, at first densely clothed
with dark brown tomentum. Leaves 6-9 in. long ; leaflets moderately firm, not

234 l. legumjnosj:. (J. G. Baker.) [Dalbergia.

reined, rather glaucous beneath, l£-2 in. long ; stipules large, lanceolate, velvety, more
persistent than in the other species. Panicle distinctly peduncled, £-3- as long as the
leaves, the branches densely brown-pubescent, spreading or ascending ; pedicels
shorter than the calyx, furnished with small subpersistent bracts and bracteoles.
Calyx \ in. ; upper teeth very short ; lowest lanceolate, rather longer. Corolla twice
the calyx. Pod thin, obtuse, brownish, short-stalked, 2-3| in. by |-| in.

13. JD. Stocksii, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 42 ; scandent,
leaflets 11-15 oblong obtuse with a few obscure adpressed hairs, flowers in
copious axillary panicles with corymbose branches, pedicels and petal-claws
short, pod thin oblong veined opposite the large usually solitary seed.

Concan, Stocks.

Branches finely grey-downy. Leaves 4-5 in. long ; leaflets thin for the genus,
f-1 in. long, emarginate, with only a few obscure short adpressed hairs below when
mature. Panicles copious, distinctly peduncled, nearly or quite as long as the leaves ;
branches slender, densely finely grey-downy, densely corymbose at the tip, the lower
ones distant. Calyx oblique, ^ in., densely grey-downy ; teeth half as long as the
tube. Corolla twice the length of the calyx. Pod quite characteristic, thin, glabrous,
£-l£ in. by ^ in., the usually solitary seed filling up the greater part, subacute,
cuneate at the base with a very long stalk.

14. S>. sympathetica, Nimmo in Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 55; scandent,
leaflets 11-15 oblong obtuse thinly grey-silky, flowers in dense short axillary
panicles with dense corymbose branches, pedicels and petal-claws short, pod
thin greenish oblong 1-2-seeded not veined opposite the seeds. Benth. PI. Jungh.
255 ; Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 42 ; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 78. D. fron-
dosa, Wall. Cat. 5855 B ; W. $ A. Prodr. 266, ex parte (Wt. Herb. 918).
D. ferruginea, Hohen. PI. Can. Exsie. No. 343, non Roxb.

Hills of the Western Peninsula.

Trunk armed with strong large curved thorns, the branches often twisted, the
young ones finely grey-downy. Leaves 4-6 in. long ; leaflets moderately firm, obtuse
or emarginate, ^-1 in. long, thinly silky at first, especially beneath. Panicles dis-
tinctly peduncled, with finely downy ascending curved branches, the ultimate branch-
lets secund. fialyx i in., silky, with a pair of small obtuse adpressed bracteoles ;
teeth short, obtuse. Corolla twice the length of the calyx. Pod membranous, obtuse,
2-3 in. by f-1 in., with an unusually short stalk. — Closely resembles J), volubilis in
leaves, and general habit.

*15. U. tamarindifolla, JRoxb. Hort. Beng. 53; Fl. Ind. iii/233;
scandent, leaflets 25-41 thinly pubescent crowded trapezoid-oblong, flowers in
congested sessile axillary panicles with corymbose branches, pedicels short,
petal-claws as long as the calyx, pod thin 1-3-seeded strap-shaped not veined
opposite the seeds. Wight. Ic. t. 242 ; Wall. Cat. 5870 ; Benth. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. iv., Suppl. 44. D. "livida, Wall. Cat. 5866 A, ex parte{ B. D. rufa, and
D. multijuga, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5864, 5865. D. Bluniei, Hassk. PI. Jav.
Par. 400. Derris pinnata, Lour. Fl. Cochin. 432.

Eastern Himalayas ; Nipal, Sikkim, Silhet, Khasia. ascending to 4000 ft., and
frequent down the gulf to Malacca. Hills of Western Peninsula. — Distrib. Malay
isles.

Branches densely clothed with fine brown pubescence. Leaves £-£ foot ; leaflets
quite different in shape to that of all the other species, nearly sessile, caducous,
moderately firm, ^-1 in. long, glaucous, thinly clothed with brown pubescence
beneath, especially on the midrib. Panicles sessile, 1-2 in. long, the branches densely
brown -pubescent ; pedicels shorter than the calyx ; bracts and bracteoles minute,
downy, persistent. Calyx £ in., downy; teeth short, obtuse. Corolla white, 2-3
times the length of the calyx ; blade of the standard orbicular. Stamens 10. Pod
thin, bright brown, glabrous, long-stalked, l£-3 in. by ^-f in.

Dalbergia.'] l. LEGUMiNOSiE. (J. G. Baker.) 235

Var. 1 . pubescens ; branches and leaves below clothed with persistent dense thick
pubescence. — Concan, Stocks.

Var. 2. acacicefolia ; leaflets thicker very oblique rigidly coriaceous glabrous
bright green above glaucous beneath. D. acaciaefolia, Dalz. in Kew Journ. ii. 37. —
Concan.

Subgen. 2. I> alb erg- aria, Benth. Sheath of filaments slit both along
the top and bottom, so that the stamens are in two bundles containing five each.
Pod straight, thin, 1-3-seeded.

16. XI. lanceolaria, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 417 ; erect, leaflets 11-15
glabrous obtuse, flowers in copious ample terminal and axillary panicles with
corymbose branches, pedicels bracteate as long as the calyx, calyx-teeth nearly
as long as the tube, pod glabrous usually 1-seeded rather thickened and veined
opposite the seed. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 45; Dalz. fy Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 78. 1). frondosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53 ; Fl. Jnd. iii. 226 ; DC.
Prodr. ii. 417 ; W. # A. Prodr. 266, in part ; Wight Ic. t. 266 ; Wall. Cat.
5855, A, 0, D 5 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 88. D. zeylanica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53 ;
Fl. Jnd. iii. 228 ; Wall. Cat. 5847. D. arborea, JJeyne ; DC. Prodr. ii. 417.
D. robusta, Wall. Cat. 5849 A. D. hircina, Wall. Cat. 5871 A, not B.

Plains from the Western Himalayas to Ceylon.

An erect tree, reaching 60-80 feet in height, with glabrous branches. Leaves 3-6
in. long ; leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous, with slightly raised veins, green above, paler
and rather glaucous below, 1-2 in. long, rounded at both ends, emarginate at the
apex. Branches of the panicle wide-spreading, silky or subglabrous. Calyx ^ in.,
more or less silky ; teeth obtuse, the lowest rather longer. Corolla 2-3 times as long
as the calyx, the standard \ in. broad, with a large callosity at the base of the limb,
the keel much shorter than the wings. Pod 1^-4 in. by -f-f in., bright brown,
flexible, narrowed to the point and gradually at the base into a long stalk.

17. X>. purpurea, Wall. Cat. 5869 ; scandent, leaflets 11-13 glabrous
obtuse, flowers in copious ample terminal and axillary panicles with corymbose
branches, pedicels ebracteate as long as the calyx, calyx-teeth much shorter
than the tube, pod glabrous 1-seeded rather thickened and veined opposite the
seed. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 46.

Martaban, Wallich, Griffith. Pegu, Kurz.

Closely allied to D. lanceolaria, from which it differs by its scandent habit,
smaller flowers (under \ in. long), and shorter calyx-teeth.

18. D. volubilis, Roxb. Car. PI. ii. 48, t. 191 ; Fl. Jnd. iii. 231 ; scan-
dent, leaflets 11-13 glabrous obtuse, flowers in copious ample terminal and
axillary panicles with corymbose branches, pedicels very short ebracteate, calyx-
teeth minute, pod glabrous 1-2-seeded rather thickened and veined opposite the
seed. DC. Prodr. ii. 417 ; Wall. Cat. 5874 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 265 ; Benth. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 46 ; Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 78.

Central and Eastern Himalayas, to Pegu and Ceylon.

Closely allied to the two preceding. Branches of the panicle densely clothed with
brown velvety pubescence, the main ones horizontal or even decurved, the ultimate
corymbs densely congested. Calyx ~ in. long, densely velvety. Corolla 2-3 times
the length of the calyx. Pod just like that of D. lanceolaria.

19. D. assamica, Benth. PI. Jungh. 255; scandent, leaflets 15-21
obtuse glabrous or nearly so, flowers in axillary panicles much shorter than the
leaves with corymbose branches, pedicels as long as the calyx, calyx-teeth
nearly as long as the tube, pod glabrous flexible 1-2-seeded. Benth. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 45.

236 l. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) [Dalbevgia.

Tropical Himalayas, from Kumaon eastwards ; Assam, Griffith, Jenkins.

A twiner, with glabrous branches. Leaves 6>-10 in. long; leaflets the same shape
and size as in D. lanceolaria, but rather thinner, with a few hairs at the beginning on
the under surface. Panicles deltoid, moderately close, 3-4 in. long, with slender fine
silky branches. Calyx ~ in., finely silky, the lowest tooth lanceolate, as long as the
tube, the others obtuse, rather shorter. Corolla under £ in. Pod just like that of D.
lanceolaria.

20. D. paniculata, Roxb. Cor. PL ii. 8, t. 114 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 227; erect,
leaflets 9-15 obtuse glabrous or nearly so, flowers in copious axillary and ter-
minal panicles with racemoso-corymbose branchlets, pedicels very short, calyx-
teeth as long as the tube" pod glabrous 1-3-seeded rather thickened and veined
opposite the seeds. DC. Prodr. ii. 417; W. $ A. Prodr. 265; Wall. Cat.
5848, A toD; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. FL 78; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv.,
Suppl. 45 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 88.

Plains of the Western Peninsula.

A tall erect tree, the ultimate branches clothed with short erect grey-brown silky
pubescence. Leaflets like those of D. lanceolaria in shape, size and texture. Panicle
very different, mainly terminal, but much less ample, the branches always densely
dotted with brown silky pubescence, the main ones erecto-patent. Calyx £ in., sub-
sessile, densely silky. Corolla twice the length of the calyx, the limb of the standard
not more than £ in. broad, without any callosity at the base, the keel much shorter
than the other petals. Pod just like that of D. lanceolaria.

21. B. glomeriflora, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 70 ;
erect, leaflets 7-9 acute slightly pubescent beneath, flowers in congested
panicles, pedicels nearly obsolete, calyx-teeth obtuse, pod unknown.

Birma, at Prome, Kurz.

A middle-sized erect tree, with fulvo-tomentose branchlets. Leaflets ovate-oblong
or obovate, 2-2^ in. long, thinly coriaceous, glabrous above. Panicle subcapitate,
with villose branches. Calyx glabrous, g- in. Corolla white, a little longer than the
calyx. — Ex Kurz loc. cit.

22. X>. hircina, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Sujypl. 46 ; erect, leaflets
17-25 obtuse both surfaces clothed with short persistent grey hairs, flowers in
short congested axillary corymbose panicles, pedicels ebracteate as long as the
calyx, calyx-teeth nearly as long as the tube, pod small glabrous 1-3-seeded
slightly thickened but not veined opposite the seeds. Wall. Cat. 5871 B,
not A.

Central and Eastern Himalayas, tropical zone ; from Garwhal and Kumaon to
Bhotan, ascending to 4000 ft.

Leaf-rachis 6-10 in. long, finely grey-downy ; leaflets obtuse at both ends, firm,
with veins rather raised, emarginate at the apex, 1-1^ in. long. Panicles short-
peduncled, 1-2 in. long, with densely pubescent ascending branches. Calyx ^ in.
long, densely pubescent. Corolla scarcely more than twice the length of the calyx ;
standard obovate, £ in. broad ; keel distinctly shorter than the wings. Pod much
smaller than that of its allies, often 3-4-seeded, 1-1^ in. by \ in., obtuse or subacute,
narrowed gradually into a stalk twice as long as the calyx.

23. D. Thomsoni, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 33 ; scandent,
leaflets 9-11 glabrous obtuse, flowers in copious ample terminal and axillary
panicles, ultimate branches secund cymose, pedicels very short minutely brac-
teate, calyx-teeth minute, pod thin greenish rather oblique slightly thickened
and veined opposite the solitary seed.

Upper Assam, Griffith. Kasia, 2-4000 ft.. Hook. fit. <$■ Thomson.

Dalbenjia.] l. leguminose. (J. G. Baker.) 237

A climber, with even the branches of inflorescence nearly glabrous. Leaflets very
firm in texture, greenish on both surfaces, f-1 in. long, obtuse, slightly emarginate.
Inflorescence mainly terminal, the principal branches erecto-patent, the ultimate ones
forming distinct elongated scorpioid cymes. Flowers much smaller than in any of its
neighbours and very deciduous, the minute pedicels subtended by lanceolate bracts as
long as themselves. Calyx ^ in., subglabrous. Corolla under | in. long. Pod 2-2^
in. by f in., thin and mot turning brown, narrowed from the middle to a very short
stalk, the lower suture much more rounded than the upper one.

24. X>. cana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5859 ; scandent, leaflets 15-19 acute
glabrescent, flowers in short axillary panicles with corymbose branchlets,
pedicels ebracteate as long as the calyx, calyx-teeth shorter than the tube, pod
thin flat one-seeded softly pubescent not at all thickened or veined opposite the
seed. Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Being, xlii. 2, 70.

Moulmein, Wallich. Pegu and Martaban, Kurz.

Branches, leaf-rachises and leaves below thinly clothed with deciduous brown
silky hairs. Leaves ^—1 ft. long; leaflets rieidly subcoriaceous, 1^—2^ in. long,
rounded at the base, narrowed to a point, the veinlets rather raised on the undersurface.
Panicles sparse, much shorter than the leaves, the erecto-patent branches finely
brown-silky. Calyx subglabrous, £- ^ in. ; teeth lanceolate-deltoid. Corolla twice
the length of the calyx. Pod strap-shaped, straight, 2-2^ in. by ^— § in., pale dull
brown, narrowed suddenly at the base to a stalk twice as long as the calyx.

25. I>. stipulacea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 233 ; scandent,
leaflets 17-25 obtuse glabrous or nearly so, flowers in copious axillary panicles
with elongated racemose branches, pedicels longer than the calyx with con-
spicuous persistent bracts and bracteoles, calyx-teeth as long as the tube, pod
firm glabrous one-seeded thickened and veined* opposite the seed. Wight Ic. t.
453 ; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 47. D. ferruginea. Roxb. Fl. Ind.
iii. 228. D. tingens, Wall. Cat. 5860. D. cassioides. Wall. Cat. 5863. D.
livida, Wall. Cat. 5866 A, in part. D. rostrata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5867.

Eastern Himalayas, tropical zone, ascending to 4000 ft. in Sikkim ; Assam, Khasia,
Silhet, Chittagong, Pegu, Martabant, Tenasserim. — Distrib. Malay isles.

Branches glabrous, or at first finely grey-downy. Leqf-rachis 4-6 in. long ;
leaflets moderately firm, obtuse, 1-1 £ in. long, glabrous, or at first minutely hairy
beneath, green above, subglaucous beneath. Panicles much shorter than the leaves,
with only a few lax ascending branches, the inflorescence readily distinguishable
from that of all the others by the conspicuous persistent oblanceolate glabrous bracts
and bracteoles. Calyx subglabrous, £ in. long ; lowest tooth linear, exceeding the
others. Corolla purplish, twice the length of the calyx ; blade of the standard,
roundish. Pod the largest and thickest of the group, 2-4 in. by 1 in., strap-shaped,
obtuse, narrowed suddenly into a stalk twice as long as the calyx.

Stjbgen. 3. Selenolobium, Benth. Stamens in two bundles of 5 each.
Pod obliquely orbicular-oblong, rather recurved, usually 1-seeded.

26. IP. mcnosperma, Dalz. in Keic Journ. Bot. ii. 36 ; scandent, spine-
less, leaflets 5-7 obtuse moderately small, pod flat. Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 78 ;
Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 48. D. torta, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5879.
D. paniculata, Wall. Cat. 5848 I, ex parte.

Shores of the Western Peninsula, Ceylon and Malayan Peninsula.— Distrib.
Malay isles, China, Philippines, N. Australia.

A wide-twining shrub, with lithe much-twisted black glabrous branches. Leaflets
usually 5, obovate-oblong, glabrous, obtuse, often emarginate, 1-1<£ in. long. Flowers
in sessile congested axillary panicles, 1-2 in. long, the branches only inconspicuously
downy ; pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx ^ in., subglabrous, with a pair of

288 L. LEGUMlNOSvE. (J. Gr. Baker.) . [Dalbergia.

minute obtuse bracteoles ; teeth short, obtuse. Corolla \ in. ; claws as long as the
calyx; standard narrow. Pod brown, flat, glabrous, under 1 in. long, the upper
suture recurved ; stalk as long as the calyx.

27. Z>. spinosa, Roxb. FL Jnd. iii. 233; erect, branchlets spine-tipped,
leaflets 7-9 small obtuse, pod flat. W. 8f A. Prodr. 266 ; Benth. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 49. D. horrida, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5877.

Shores of the Eastern and Western Peninsulas. Chittagong, Roxburgh.

A stiff erect shrub, with numerous short round horizontal branchlets, ending in
pungent spines. Leaves crowded, from the nodes of the branchlets, 1-1^ in. long ;
leaflets firm, obovate-oblong, \-^ in. long. Flowers in congested sessile corymbose
panicles, with minutely, downy branches; pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx
^2 in., minutely downy ; teeth short, obtuse. Corolla whitish, twice the length ot the
calyx. Pod 1 in. long, brown, glabrous, rem" form.

28. D. reniformis, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53; Fl. hid. iii. 226; erect,
spineless, leaflets 9-11 large acute nearly or quite glabrous, pod turgid.
Wight Lc. t. 261. D. flexuosa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5875. Benth. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 48. D. stipulata, Wall. Cat. 5868 i5, ex parte.

Sillet, Roxburgh, Wallich. Pegu, Kurz. Tenasserim, Griffith.

A large crooked bushy tree, with fine brown-silky branchlets. Leaves 4-8 in.
long; leaflets rigidly coriaceous, glabrescent, 1^-2 in. long, broadly rounded at the
base. Flowers in deltoid close axillary panicles, shorter than the leaves, the branch-
lets racemose, densely brown-velvety. Calyx ^ in., campanulate, densely silky ; .teeth
deltoid, shorter than the .tube. Corolla twice the length of the calyx, white ;
standard obovate-emarginate. Pod glabrous, rigid, usually one-seeded, an inch broad
by \-^ in., narrowed suddenly into a stalk \-^ in. long.

imperfectly known species.

29. D. stenocarpa, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xliv. 2, 205.

Shrub, with the young parts clothed with golden or fulvous silky pubescence.
Leaves 5-8 in. long; leaflets 9-13, oblong, 1-1| in. long, retuse, with a minute mucro,
chartaceous, glaucescent and thinly pilose beneath. Panicles axillary, much shorter
than the leaves ; rachises pilose ; pedicels — in. Calyx ~ in., pilose ; upper tooth
very short, obtuse ; lower very long, subulate. Corolla and stamens unknown. Pod
linear, 1-2 in. by £ in., flat, brown, thin, narrowed gradually to a long stalk, indis-
tinctly veined, 1-5 seeded. Pod of D. Sissoo and habit of D. lanceolaria. Sikkim at
Pankabari, Gamble. — Ex Kurz loc. cit.

87. FTEBOCARFUS, Linn.

Erect trees. Leaves with alternate coriaceous exstipellate leaflets. Floioers
yellowish, in copious panicled racemes ; bracts and bracteoles minute, caducous ;
pedicels distinctly articulated at the apex. Calyx turbinate, curved before ex-
pansion, the teeth short. Petals exserted, with long claws ; standard and wings
crisped ; keel obtuse, the petals scarcely or not at all coherent. Staminal sheath
slit both above and below, or above only ; the upper stamen often nearly or quite
free ; anthers versatile. Ovary stalked, 2-ovuled ; style incurved, stigma termi-
nal. Pod orbicular, rarely other than 1-seeded, with abroad rigid wing, the point
turned down to opposite the base or near it. — Distkeb. Species about 15 ;
cosmopolitan in the Tropics.

1. P. indicus, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 419 ; leaflets 7-11 ovate acute,
veining fine, racemes panicled, pedicels as long as the calyx, stamens 2-3-
adelphous, stalk of pod exceeding the calyx, beak of pod a space above the outer
base. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 77 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 23. . P.
dalbergioides, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 236 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 418 ;
Wall. Cat. 5843 ; W. 8f A. Prodr. 267. P. Wallichii, W. $ A. Prodr. loc. cit.

Pterocarpus.'] l. leguminos-e. (J. G. Baker.) 239

Eastern and Western Peninsulas. — Distrib. Malay isles, Philippines, China.

A tall tree, with ascending glabrous branches. Leaves |— f ft. long ; leaflets mo-
derately firm, 2-4 in. long, glabrous, rounded or deltoid at the base, always narrowed
to a point ; petiolules ^-^ in. ; main veins fine, distant. Flowers in copious terminal
and axillary panicles, with subsecund racemose branches, clothed with fine brown pu-
bescence; pedicels |-£ in., furnished with a pair of linear spreading caducous bracte-
oles at the apex. Calyx \-\ in., finely brown-silky ; teeth rounded, the two upper
much the largest. Corolla exceeding the calyx ; standard f— | in. broad. Pod orbicular,
2 in. broad, silky and veined against the seed, the wing ^— | in broad, the style a con-
siderable distance above the base, pointing outwards, at a right angle with the stalk.

2. P. macrocarpus, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xliii. 2, 187 ;
leaflets 7-11 ovate-oblong pointed, racemes simple, pedicels as long as the calyx,
stamens diadelphous, beak of pod at the basal corner.

Martaban and Tenasserim, Kurz.

A tree, with fulvo-pubescent branchlets. Leaves ^-§ ft. ; rachis fulvo-puberulous ;
leaflets coriaceous, l£-2£ in. long, at first fulvo-pubescent beneath ; petiolules ^-g in.
Racemes simple, axillary, fulvo-pubescent ; pedicels ^— ^ in. Calyx \ in., velvety.
Corolla slightly exceeding the calyx. Pod canescent, roundish, 1^-2 in. broad ; wings
subplicate. Ex Kurz loc. cit.

3. P. santalinus. Linn.Jil. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 419 ; leaflets 3 ovate obtuse,
veining fine, pedicels rather shorter than the calyx, stamens 2-3-adelphous, stalk
of pod much exceeding the calvx, beak of pod at the basal corner. Roxb. Fl.
Ind. iii. 234 ; Wall. Cat 5844 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 266 ; Benth. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. iv., Suppl. 76 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 22.

Western Peninsula.

Branches obscurely grey-downy. Leaflets 3 in all our specimens, but said to be
sometimes 5, 2-4 in. long, rounded at both ends, slightly emarginate, clothed with ob-
scure adpressed grey hairs below. Racemes shorter and less copious than in P. indi-
cus, the pedicels shorter. Calyx ±~l in. ; teeth deltoid, minute. Limb of standard not
longer than the calyx. Pod silky at first, the same size as in P. indicus, but the centre
more turgid, wing narrower and style brought down to the basal corner.

4. P. Blarsupium, Roxb. Cor. PI. ii. t. 116; Fl. Ind. iii. 234; leaflets
5-7 oblong usually obtuse, veins close and prominent, pedicels shorter than the
calyx, stamens monadelphous, stalk of pod scarcelv exceeding the calvx, beak of
pod at the basal corner. DC. Prodr. ii. 418 ; W'. ' 8f A. Prodr. 266 ; "Wall. Cat.
5842 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 21 ; Balz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 76. P. bilobus, Roxb.
MSS. ; O. Bon, Gen. Syst. ii. 376.

Plains of the Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

Leaflets thicker than in the others, green and glabrous on both surfaces, 3-5 in. long,
obtuse or subacute, sometimes slightly or deeply emarginate, often twice as long as
broad, the main veins much closer, more numerous, and more prominent than in the
others. Racemes ample, copious, lateral and terminal, the branches thinly clothed with
brown pubescence ; pedicels -2\-^ in. Calyx |-| in., finely brown-downy ; teeth deltoid,
the two upper ones the largest. Corolla twice the length of the calyx ; sheath of
stamens sometimes finally split down the keel as well as the top. Pod 1-2 in. broad,
the same shape as in the last, but the seed smaller and wing broader.

88. PONGAMIA, Vent.

Arborescent or fruticose. Leaves odd-pinnate. Flowers racemed. Calyx
campanulate, nearly truncate. Corolla much exserted ; standard broad ; keel
obtuse, the petals cohering at the tip. Stamens monadelphous, the upper fila-
ment free low down; anthers oblong, versatile. Ovary subsessile, 2-ovuled;

240 • L. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) [Pongamia.

style incurved, glabrous, stigma capitate. Pod woody, flattened, oblong, inde-
hiscent, not at all winged or thickened at the sutures. — Distrib. A single species,
with the habit of Derris from which it differs only in the pod.

1. P. glabra, Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 28; DC. Prodr. ii. 416; Wall. Cat.
5878; W. 8r A. Prodr. 262; Wight Ic. t. 59; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 77;
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 177. Galedupa indica, Lam. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 239. G.
arborea, Poxb. Sort. Beng. 53. Robinia mitis, Linn. Sp. 1044. Dalbergia
arborea, Willd. Sp. iii. 901. Legum. indet. Wall. Cat. 5979. — Rheede Hort.
Mai. vi. t. 3.

Central and East Himalayas, to Ceylon and Malacca, especially near the coast.
— Distrib. Malay isles, N. Australia, Polynesia, Seychelles.

A tall erect tree or climber, with glabrous branches and leaves. Leaflets 5-7, op-
posite, snbcoriaceous, oblong or ovate, pointed, stalked, 2-4 in. long. Flowers in simple
peduncled axillary racemes, nearly as long as the leaves ; pedicels 2-4-nate, \—$ in.,
with a- pair of minute bracteoles in the middle. Corolla \ in. ; standard silky on the
back. Pod- woody, glabrous, ^-\ in. thick, l|-2 in. long, with a short decurVed point.

89. DERRIS, Lour.

Climbers, rarely erect trees. Leaves odd-pinnate, with exstipellate leaflets.
Flowers copious, usually fascicled, showy, in axillary or terminal racemes or pa-
nicles. Calyx campanulate, nearly truncate. Corolla much exserted ; standard
broad ; keel obtuse, the petals cohering slightly. Stamens usually monadelphous,
the upper one free in § Aganope ; anthers versatile. Ovary sessile, few-ovuled ;
style incurved, filiform, stigma capitate. Pod rigid, thin, flat, indehiscent, ob-
long if one-seeded, strap-shaped if few-seeded, with a distinct wing down the
upper or both sutures. — Distrib. Species about 40, belting the world in the
tropics, but most abundant in our area.

Sect. 1. Brachypterum, W. 8f A. Pod thin, strap-shaped, narrow (£ in.
or less broad), winged along the upper suture. Stamens monadelphous. Leaflets
comparatively small. Climbers or erect trees.

1. 2>, scandens, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 103; scandent,
leaflets 9-18 obtuse or acute equal at the base, flowers in very long racemes with
distant nodes and many flowers to a fascicle with unequal pedicels. Dalbergia
scandens, Roxb. Cor. PI. ii. t. 192 ; Fl. Lnd. iii. 232 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 417 ; Wall.
Cat. 5857 ; W. § A. Prodr. 264 ; Wight Lc. t. 275. D. timoriensis, DC. Prodr.
ii. 417. Pongamia coriacea, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5905. Brachypterum scandens,
Dalz. 8f Gibs: Bomb. Fl. 76.— Rheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 22.

Eastern Himalayas, Bengal, Western Peninsula, Chittagong, Siam, Ceylon.
— Distrib. Malay isles, China, N. Australia.

A wide-climbing shrub, with branchlets and leaves below at first obs«urely grey-
downy. Leaves £-| ft. long ; leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous, oblong or obovate-oblong,
short-stalked, bright green, 1-2 in. long. Flowers in very copious short-peduncled
simple axillary racemes, often twice as long as the leaves, with raised nodes, pro-
duced sometimes into short branches, bearing each a cluster of pedicels £— |- in. long,
the different flowers from the same node expanding at different times. Calyx £ in.,
thinly grey-silky ; teeth obscure. Corolla pale rose, 3 times the length of the calyx.
Ovules 6-8. Pod 1-3 in. by f-^ in., narrowed to both ends, 1-4-seeded, glabrous,
turgid, and smooth against the seeds, the wing not more than ^ in. broad.

2. X>. parviflora, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 105; scandent,
leaflets 7-9 subacute equal at the base, flowers in simple racemes shorter than
the leaves, pedicels 1-3-nate subequal. Brachypterum elegans, Thwaites,
Enum. 93.

Derris.] l. leguminos*;. (J. G. Baker.) 241

Ceylon, Thwaites.

A climber, quite glabrous in all its parts, even the pedicels and calyx. Leaflets
rigidly subcoriaceous, oblong or obovate-oblong, 1^-2 in. long, green above, rather
glaucous beneath. Racemes axillary, short-peduncled, 2-4 in. long ; pedicels twice the
length of the calyx. Calyx campanulate, ^ in. ; teeth deltoid, minute. Corolla \ in.,
the claws of the petals -as long as the calyx. Ovules 2. Pod ligulate, glabrous,
1|-2| in. by £ in.

3. I>. robusta, Benth. in Jown. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 104; erect, leaflets
7-19 usually acute oblique at the base, flowers in elongated racemes, pedicels
unequal several to a fascicle exceeding the calyx. Dalbergia robusta, Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 53 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 417 ; Wight Ic. t. 244. D. Krowee, Roxb. Fl.
Ind. iii. 229. D. Orowei, DC. Prodr. loc. cit. Brachypterum robustum, Dalz.
8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 77.

Eastern Himalayas, Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

An erect tree, 30-40 ft. high, with branchlets and leaves below obscurely grey-
silky. Leaves i-| ft. long; leaflets 1-2 in. long, not so coriaceous as in D. scandens,
green and glabrous above, grey and obscurely silky beneath. Racemes like those of D.
scandens, but seldom exceeding the leaves, the flowers densely fascicled and nodes
liable to be produced in the same way ; pedicels ^-\ in., finely grey-downy. Calyx
i in. long ; teeth minute, deltoid. Corolla whitish, 3-4 times the calyx ; standard
erect, with a round blade. Pod 1-5-seeded, narrowed to both ends, glabrous, 1-2^ in.
long, | in. broad, the wing more distinct than in D. scandens, sometimes ^ in.
broad.

4. D. dalberg-ioides, Baker ; erect, leaflets 25-33 obtuse rather oblique
at the base, racemes close snorter than the leaves, pedicels unequal densely
fascicled.

Martaban, Parish. Tenasserim, Heifer. Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Java.

A small spreading tree, 1 5-20 ft. high, with branchlets, pedicels and calyx brown-
silky. Leaves 6-8 in. long; leaflets close, short-stalked, not more than an inch long,
rounded at both ends, emarginate, rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous, dark green above,
pale green beneath, the veins immersed. Flowers in copious short-peduncled racemes,
like those of D. scandens and robusta, but the nodes more crowded ; pedicels and calyx
each about ^ in. long ; teeth minute, deltoid. Corolla rose-coloured, 4 times the
length of the calyx ; blade of the standard oblong. Pod just like that of B.
robusta.

Sect. II. Euderris. Rohust climbers, with the habit of Millettia and Lon-
chocarpus. Leaflets large. Flowers showy, in copious axillary racemes or
panicles, with the nodes often produced into short branchlets. Stamens mona-
delphous. Pods flattened, broader than in the last group and distinctly winged
down one or both sutures.

* Pod distinctly winged down the upper suture only.

t Leaflets few; standard not callose at the base. (Euderris, Benth.)

. o. 2>. uliginosa, Benth. PI. Jungh. i. 252; branches glabrous, leaflets
3t-5 middle-sized rigidly subcoriaceous oblong subacute, flowers middle-sized in
short-peduncled axillary racemes which are sometimes obscurely panicled. Benth.
i?i Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 107 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 77. Pongamia
uliginosa, DC. Prodr. ii. 416 ; Wall. Cat. 5879 ; W. 8f A. Prodr. 262. P. reli-
giosa, Wt. in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. 301. P. triphylla, Wt. loc. cit. Suppl. t. 41.
Galedupa uliginosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53 ; Ft. Lnd. iii. 243. Robinia uligi-
nosa, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 1133. Dalbergia heterophylla, Willd.; DC. Prodr.
ii. 417.

VOL. II. R

242 L. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) [Derris.

Eastern Himalayas, Western Peninsula and Ceylon. — Distrib. China, N.
Australia, Polynesia, Madagascar, Zambesi-land.

A wide-climbing shrub, with branchlets and leaves quite glabrous from an early
stage. Leaves distinctly petioled, £- £ ft. long; leaflets usually 5, distinctly stalked,
narrowed to a point, 2-4 in. long, the lowest "pair shorter, orate, the vpins not promi-
nent on either surface. Racemes short-peduncled, 2-4 in. long, the lower nodes often
produced into short branches ; pedicels fascicled, as long as the calyx. Calyx cam-
panulate, ^ in., subglabrous ; teeth obscure. Corolla rose-red, f in. long ; blade of
standard round, not callose. Pod sessile, glabrous, 1-2-seeded, obliquely roundish or
oblong, 1-1£ in. by 1 in., thin, flat, prominently veined, with a distinct narrow wing to
the upper suture. — A plant gathered at Malacca by Griffith differs by its thicker and
more rigid leaves and longer pedicels. It is referred by Bentham to D. trifoliata,
Lour. Fl. Cochin. 433 (D. afiinis, Benth. PI. Jungh. i. 252), but the pod is unknown.

6. D. vestita, Baker ; branches clothed with dense brown pubescence,
leaflets 5 large obovate-oblong rigidly coriaceous, flowers middle-sized in ses-
sile congested axillary racemes.

Malacca, Maingay.

A climber, with the branches and under surface of the leaves densely covered with
soft short brown pubescence. Leaflets 3-6 in. long, glabrous and rather glossy above,
rather rounded at the base, pointed, with conspicuous main veins raised on the under-
surface. Panicles 1-2 in. long, sometimes fascicled ; pedicels equalling or rather exceed-
ing the calyx. Calyx ■— m-> finely pubescent ; teeth obscure. Corolla red, § in. long ;
standard with a round not callose blade. Pad just like that of D. uliginosa in texture,
veining and shape, but thinly clothed with fine brown pubescence.

7. D. elegans, Benth. Bl. Jungh. i. 252 ; branches clothed with fine
brown pubescence, leaflets 5-7 large obovate-oblong subcoriaceous, flowers large
in short sessile axillary racemes. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 109. Pon-
gamia elegans and P. floribunda, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5883, 5884.

Birma ; Phanoe and Trogla hills, Wallich. Tenasserim, Griffith.

Leaves, including the petiole, a foot long, thin but subcoriaceous, thinly clothed be-
neath with evanescent fine brown pubescence ; leaflets narrowed to a subobtuse point,
rounded at the base, the end one 6-8 in. long. Racemes dense or sublax, 2-4 in. long,
clothed with fine brown pubescence on the rachis and pedicels ; pedicels £- J in., the
lower nodes sometimes produced. Calyx under £ in., broadly campanulate ; teeth ob-
scure. Corolla bright red, £ in. long ; blade of standard round, not callose. Pod just
like that of D. vestita.

8. D. paniculata, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 105; branchlets
clothed with fine very short brown pubescence, leaflets 5-7 middle-sized obovate-
oblong rigidly coriaceous, flowers very small in copious peduncled elongated
panicles. Brachypteruni Benthami, Thwaites Enum. 93.

Ceylon, Walker, Thwaites.

Branches slender, terete, soon glabrescent. Leaflets subacute, rounded at the base,
thick and rigid in texture, 2-4 in. long, not prominently veined, glabrescent from an
early stage. Panicles copious, reaching a foot long, with numerous slender curved
branches, clothed with finely silky brown pubescence ; pedicels ^-^ in. Calyx ~ in.,
between tubular and campanulate, brown-silky, with short obscure teeth. Corolla red,
scarcely \ in. long. Pod 1-2-seeded, 1-2 in. by f in., rigid in texture, turgid against
the seeds, persistently brown-silky, not veined, with a wing under ^ in. broad down
the upper suture.

ft Leaflets many. Standard with two callosities at the base of the limb.
(Paraderris, Benth.)

9. D. oblong-a, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 112 ; branches

Deri-is.] L. LEGUMiNOsas. (J. G. Baker.) 243

subglabrous, leaflets 9-15 small oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, racemes much
shorter than the leaves, standard glabrous, pod broad. D. ovalifolia, Benth PI.
Jungh. i. 252, in part ; Thwaites Enum. 92. Pongamia elongata, Grah. in Wall.
Cat 5915, not 5886.

Concan, Stocks. Ceylon, Gardner, &c.

The most like a Dalbergia in foliage of the species of this section, but very different
in the flowers. Leaves distinctly petioled, not more than half a foot long; leaflets the
smallest of the group, l£-2£ in. long by ^-f in., obtuse or subacute, quite glabrous,
rigidly subcoriaceous when mature, rather glaucous beneath, the veins immersed. Ra-
cemes copious, moderately close, subsessile, many of the nodes produced into short
spreading branchlets ; pedicels rather exceeding the calyx, finely grey-silky. Calyx
^ in. long. Corolla \ in. long; standard reflexed, nearly £ in. broad. Pod one-seeded
in all our specimens, oblong, l£in. by f-|- in., thin but firm, glabrous, with a distinct
wing down the upper suture.

10. X>. cuneifolia, Benth. PI. Jungh. i. 253 ; branches subglabrous, leaflets
5-11 middle-sized obovate-oblong subcoriaceous, racemes much shorter than the
leaves, standard glabrous, pod narrow. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl.
112. G aledupa marginata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53; Fl. Ind. iii. 241. Ponga-
mia marginata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5896. P. cuneifolia and P. monadelpha,
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5887, 5906. P. obovata, Wall. Cat. 5897.

Eastern Himalayas, Nipal, and Sikkim ; ascending to 5000 ft. in Silhet and
Eastern Peninsula.

Leaves distinctly-petioled, ^-f ft. long ; leaflets usually 5-7, moderately firm,
slightly silky at first beneath, 3-5 in. long, subobtuse or acute, the veins immersed.
Flowers very copious, the nodes of the racemes usually produced into branchlets ; ra-
cemes sometimes fascicled ; pedicels finely grey-downy, £-£ in. Calyx ^ in., subgla-
brous, broadly campanulate. Corolla §-^ in., bright red ; blade of the standard
round. Pod 1-3-seeded, 2-3 in. by |— § in., thin, flat, glabrous, with a narrow dis-
tinct wing down the upper suture and sometimes a trace of one on the lower.

11. D. microptera, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 113 ; branches
subglabrous, leaflets 5-9 large membranous obovate-oblong cuspidate, racemes
long and lax, standard glabrous, pod broad.

Sikkim, alt. 2-5000 ft., Koolc. fit

Closely allied to D. cuneifolia, and even more showy. Leaves a foot or more long,
distinctly petioled ; leaflets 3-6 in. long, twice as long as broad, membranous, green,
glabrous on both surfaces from an early stage, with a very distinct cusp. Eacemes
peduncled, flexuose, £-1 ft. long, with distant nodes, the axils and pedicels nearly
glabrous, the nodes not produced into branchlets ; pedicels £-£ in. Calyx ^ in.,
broadly campanulate. Corolla ^-f in., bright red ; standard erect, f-£ in broad. Pod
1-2-seeded, 1|- 3 in. by 1 in., glabrous, thin, firm ; wing very narrow.

12. X>. elliptica, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. Ill ; branches
denselv clothed with brown pubescence, leaflets 9-13 large subcoriaceous obo-
vate-oblong, racemes lax elongated, standard silky on the back, pod narrow. Pon-
gamia elliptica, Wall. PI. As. Bar. iii. 20, t. 237 ; Cat. 5881 ; Wight. Jc. t. 420.
Galedupa elliptica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 242. Pongamia dubia,
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5899. P. volubilis, Zoll. cy Moritz. Verz. 3. P. Hors-
fieldii and hypoleuca, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 148-9.

Martaban, Birma, Penang, Malacca. — Distrib. Siam, Malay isles.

A large handsome climber, easily distinguished from all the other species by its
petals silky on the outside. Leaves long-petioled, a foot or more long; leaflets thin, but
firm when mature green and glabrous above, glaucous and thinly brown-silky beneath,

E2

244 L. leguminosj;. (J. G. Baker.) [Derris.

4-6 in. long, usually twice as long as broad, obtuse or pointed. Racemes \-\ ft. long,
obtuse, very lax, with nodes copiously produced into branchlets, the axis and pedicels
densely clothed with brown pubescence ; pedicels £- £ in.. Calyx very broad, densely silky.
Corolla bright red, f in. long ; blade of standard round, |-f in. broad. Pod 2-3 in. by
f in., 1-3-seeded, thin, flat, with raised sutures, the upper one with a narrow distinct
wijig.

** Pod more or less distinctly winged down both sutures (Dipteroderris,
Benth.)

13. 3>. brevipes, Baker ; leaflets 5-7 glabrous obovate-oblong middle-
sized acute or subobtuse, racemes copiously panicled with densely pubescent
branches, pedicels shorter than the calyx, corolla middle-sized, pod persistently
silky the lower wing obscure. Derris Heyneana, var. brevipes, Benth in Journ.
Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 110.

Concan, Stocks, Nilohiris, Hohenacker. Mysore, Cleghorn.

Branches and leaves on both surfaces glabrous. Leaflets moderately firm, 2-3 in. long,
rounded at the base, obtuse or acute, the upper surface rather glossy, the veins below
little raised, the colour grey-green. Flowers crowded on the short branchlets of
copious ample axillary panicles, which are as long as the leaves, with ascending
branches, densely clothed with short brown pubescence. Calyx under £ in., densely
silky. Corolla red, 3 times the length of the calyx ; standard obovate, not callose.
Pod broad, oblong, 1-seeded, 1^-1^ in. by 1 in., persistently brown-silky, with a narrow
wing down the upper and a very obscure one down the lower suture.

Var. coriacea, Benth. ; leaflets much thicker and very rigid glossy above, flowers
nearly sessile. — Nilghiris, Hohenacker, 1598.

14. D. eualata, Bedd. Ic. PI Ind. Or. 42, t. 186; leaflets 7-9 oblong
middle-sized obtusely pointed, racemes copiously panicled with densely pubes-
cent branches, pedicels as long as the calyx, corolla middle-sized, pod glabrous,
lower wing as broad as upper.

Western Peninsula ; common in plains of South Canaraand Malabar, and at the
foot of the Coorg ghauts, Beddome.

A gigantic creeper, with brown silky branchlets. Leaflets subcoriaceous, glabrous,
2-3 in. long, the veinlets little raised. Flowers in axillary racemes and an ample
panicle often 1 ft. long at the end of the branches ; pedicels fascicled, ^-£ in. Calyx
£-± in., densely brown-silky. Corolla reddish, scarce £ in. ; standard not callose. Pod
ligulate, thin, 4-5 in. by 1-1J in., 1-3-seeded, each wing £ in. broad.

15. I>. Heyneana, Benth. PI. Jungh. i. 252 ; leaflets 5 glabrous obo-
vate-oblong middle-sized subobtuse, racemes copiously panicled with obscurely
grey-downy branches, pedicels as long or longer than the calyx, corolla small,
pod glabrous with a distinct wing down the lower suture. Benth. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 110; Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 77. Pongamia Heyneana,
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5916.

Mysore, Heyne. Concan, Stocks, Law.

A slender climber, glabrous in all its parts,' except the branches of the panicle..
Leaflets moderately firm, grey-green, obtusely pointed, broadly rounded at the base,
2-4 in. long, the veins immersed. Panicles copious, axillary, as long as the leaves,
with numerous very slender ascending branches, with the subdistant nodes produced
into short branchlets ; pedicels A-£ in. Calyx i in., subglabrous. Corolla rose-red,
i_l in. ; blade of standard roundish. Pod oblong or ligtilate, 1-3-seeded, 4^-4 in. by
2-1 in., thin, firm, rather glossy and veined, the wing of the upper suture £-% in.
broad, of the lower much narrower.

Var. paniculata ; leaflets 5-7 considerably smaller and especially narrower, pa-
nicles a foot long very lax with branches clothed with fine silky pubescence, pedicels

Derm.] L. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) 245

3 times as long as the calyx. P. paniculata, Wight, Herb. 920. P. Heyneana, W. §■
A. Prodr. .263.— Western Peninsula, Wight.

16. D. marg-inata, Benth. PI. Jungh. i. 232; leaflets 5-7 large subcori-
aceous obovate-oblong glabrous, racemes copiously panicledwith glabrous branches,
pedicels 3-4 times the calyx, corolla middle-sized, pod glabrous very distinctly
winged down the lower suture. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 111.
Dalbergia marginata, Roxb. Hoi-t. Beng. 53 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 241 ; Wight. Ic. t. 87.
Pongamia eniarginata, Wall. Cat. 5909. P. reflexa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5898.

Eastern Himalayas, tropical zone, Khasia and Silhet, ascending to 3000 ft.

A showy climber, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves ^-f ft. long ; leaflets mode-
rately firm, rather glossy above, \-\ ft. long, narrowed into a distinct cusp, the veins
little raised. Panicles as long as the leaves, with several spreading slander lax-
flowered branches ; pedicels usually solitary, ^ in. long. Calyx ~ in., broader than
deep when expanded. Corolla pale red, ^-f in. long ; standard \ in. broad, not callose.
Pod thin, flat, ligulate-oblong, glabrous, flexible, finely veined, 3-4 in. by 1^-1 \ in.,
the upper wing \-\ in. broad, the lower narrower,

17. X>. platyptera, Bake?", leaflets 5-7 large subcoriaceous oblong sub-
acute glabrous, racemes copiously panicled with silky branches, pedicels as long
as the calyx, corolla middle-eized, pod glabrous very distinctly winged down the
lower suture.

Malabar ; near Calicut, Wight.

Branches glabrous. Leaves l— § ft. long; leaflets obtusely pointed, 3-6 in. long,
broadly rounded at the base, thin, flexible, finely retieulato-venulose ; petiolules £in.
Panicles as long as the leaves, with numerous short ascending fine silky branches ; pe-
dicels close, but not fascicled. Calyx £ in., subtruncate, finely silky. Corolla under
\ in. Pod 3-4 in. by 1 in., including the wings, thin, flat, glossy, glabrous, retieulato-
venulose, one-seeded, narrowed to both ends, the upper wing \ in. broad.

18. D. amoena, Benth. PI. Jungh. i. 252: leaflets 5-7 subcoriaceous gla-
brous middle-sized not glaucous beneath, racemes in copious panicles with glab-
rous branches, corolla small, pedicels exceeding the calyx, pod glabrous narrowly
winged down the lower suture. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 110.
Pongamia amoena, Wall. Cat. 5912.

Martaban, Wallieh.. Tenasserim, Griffith. Malacca, Maingay.

A climber, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves about ^ ft. long : leaflets moderately
firm, glossy above, 3-4 in. long, oblong-cuspidate, the veins not prominent. Paniclts
equalling or exceeding the leaves, the nodes often produced into branchlets, the flowers
close and pedicels densely fascicled ; pedicels £-£ in. Calyx ~ in. Corolla under
\ in., bright red. Pod thin, glabrous, ligulate-oblong, flexible, finely veined, 3-4 in. by
l-l£ in., the upper wing \ in. broad, the lower distinct, but much narrower.

19. X>. XMEaing'ayaxia, Baker ; leaflets 5-7 oblong rigidly coriaceous
middle-sized glabrous glaucous beneath, flowers iu panicled racemes with glabrous
branches, corolla middle-sized, pedicels equalling or rather exceeding the -calyx,
pod glabrous narrowly winged down the lower suture.

Singapore, Maingay.

Closely allied to D. amozna, with which it agrees in general habit, pod and inflo-
rescence, differing in its rather larger more rigidly coriaceous leaves glaucous beneath,
and larger flowers, which are § in. long with a standard with a round ecallose wing,
rounded suddenly to a long claw.

20. D. ferrugrinea, Benth. PL Jungh. i. 252 ; leaflets 5-9 large- obovate-
oblong finely ferrugineo-pubescent beneath, racemes copiously panicled with

246 L. leguminos^:. (J. G. Baker.) [perris.

densely pubescent branches, pedicels exceeding the calyx, corolla middle-sized,
pod fmely pubescent with the wing down the lower suture distinct or obscure.
Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 109. Robinia ferruginea, Roxb. Fl. Jnd.
iii. 329. Pongamia ferruginea, Wall. Cat. 5885. P. oblonga, Wall. Cat.
5893.

Eastern Himalayas, tropical zone, Assam and Silhet. Birma, Wallich.

Branchlets clothed with dense ferruginous pubescence. Leaflets 4-6 in. long, cus-
pidate or subobtuse, rounded at the base, subcoriaceous, green and glabrous above,
finely pubescent, especially on the main raised veins beneath. Panicles axillary, pedun-
cled, |— 1 ft. long, with slender ascending branches, clothed with dense ferruginous
pubescence; pedicels £ in., fascicled and nodes often produced into branchlets. Calyx
^■in. ; teeth deltoid, minute. Corona rose-red, three times the. length of the calyx;
standard emarginate, £ in. broad. Young pod densely brown-silky ; old nearly gla-
bresoent, 2-3 in. by 1 in., oblong or ligulate-oblong, rigid in texture, obscurely veined
on the faces, the sutures much raised, the wing of the upper £-% in. broad, the wing of
the lower one sometimes not perceptible.

21. D. canarensis, Baker; leaflets 15-21 middle-sized oblanceolate-
oblong pubescent beneath, flowers in terminal panicles with pubescent branches,
standard callose, pod winged down the lower suture. Pongamia canarensis,
Dalz. in Hook, Kew Journ. ii. 37. Brachypterum canarense, Dalz fy Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 76.

Concan, near Garsuppa, Dalzell.

Leaves a ft. long ; leaflets 2-2^ in. by \ in., glabrous above. Panicles terminal,
shorter than the leaves ; racemes simple, the branches ferrugineo-pubescent ; pedicels
fascicled in threes. Corolla reddish. Ovary hirsute, 2-3 ovuled. Pod flat, oval or
elliptic, pointed at both ends winged on both sides, 1^ in. long, Dalzell, loc. cit. —
Appears to connect Paraderris and Dipteroderris.

Sect. III. Ag-anope, Miguel. Habit of Fuderris, but the racemes in
ample thyrsoid panicles, with the nodes not produced into branchlets, and the
upper stamen- distinctly free from the rest down to the base.

22. D. sinuata, Thivaites Fnum. 93 ; leaflets subobtuse half as long
again as broad, pedicels as long as the calyx, pod large deeply indented between
the seeds narrowly winged down the upper suture. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
iv., Suppl. 113. Pongamia sinuata, Wall. Cat. 5911. P. grandifolia, Grah. in
Wall. Cat. 5882, not Zoll. $ Moritz.

Pegu, Martaban, Tenasserim, Malacca, Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay isles.

A robust climber, with glabrous branches and leaves. Leaflets 5-7, ovate- or
obovate-oblong, 4-6 in. long, rigidly coriaceous, all but the main veins immersed.
Panicles |-1 ft. long, with numerous ascending thinly brown-silky branches ; pedicels
£-:[ in. Calyx £ in., thinly silky, broadly campanulate, circumscissile above the base.
Corolla \ in., turning dark purple when dried ; standard erect, with a round ecallose
blade. Pod very different from that of any of the other species, 1-4-seeded, 2-8 in.
by \-l\ in., smooth, firm, finely veined, the wing usually not more than ^ in. broad,
and sometimes not perceptible.

23. D. thyrsiflora, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 114; leaflets
acute twice as long as broad, pedicels close very, short, pod comparatively small
not indented between fhe seeds, both sutures distinctly winged. Millettia
thyrsiflora, Benth. PI. Jungh. 249. Amerimnum obovatum, Hamilt. MSS.
Pongamia? Wall. Cat. 9054. Aganope floribunda, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 151.

Eastern Himalayas and the Khasia Mts., ascending to 4000 ft.; Eastern Penin-
sula.— Distrib. Malay isles.

A robust climber, with glabrous branches and leaves. Leaflets 5-9, oblong or

Derri.s.~] L. leguminosj:. (J. Q. Baker.) 247

obovate-oblong, rigidly subcoriaceous, 4-6 ill. long, the veinlets distinct in the dried
specimens. Panicles £-1 ft. long, -with very numerous ascending or spreading
branches, clothed with dense brown-silky pubescence, the upper ones growing
gradually shorter ; pedicels crowded, but not fascicled, much shorter than the calyx.
Calyx £ in., thinly silky. Corolla whitish, 3-4 times the calyx. Pod 1-3-seeded,
l^-3£ in. by 1-1 £ in., thin, flat, glabrous, finely-veined, each wing £-£ in. broad.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

Of the following species of § Euderris the fruit is unknown.

D. acuminata, Benth. PL Jung. i. 252. (Pongamia elongata, Grak. in Wall. Cat.
5886, non 5915. P. acuminata, Grak. in Wall. Cat. 5901.) A large climber, with
glabrous branches and leaves. Leaflets 5-7, elongate-oblong, 4-6 in. long, with a
long very distinct cusp, green on both surfaces, with the main veins raised below.
Racemes 6-9 in. long, the flowers fascicled at the distant nodes, the rachis, pedicels
and calyx with a little brown pubescence ; pedicels £-£ in., equalling or exceeding
the calyx. Corolla rose-red, f in. long. Ovary silky, 5-6-ovuled. — Nipal, Wallich ;
and a plant with 9-1 1 leaflets of similar shape, and shorter closer racemes of con-
siderably larger (f in. long) bright purple flowers in Sikkim, Hook. fil. This last
closely resembles B. micrcptera, but the standard is not callose.

D. secunda, Baker. (Pongamia secunda, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5890. Amerimnum
secundum, Hamilt. MSS.) Leaflets 7, oblong with a long cusp, 2-3 in. long, rigidly
coriaceous, glabrous rather shining above, the veins immersed. Racemes like those of
B. scandens, but in a terminal panicle and in the axils of upper leaves ; rachis and
pedicels finely brown-silky, the latter densely fascicled, exceeding the calyx. Calyx
~ in. Corolla reddish, § in., the blade of the standard oblong, not callose. Ovary
silky. — Assam, Hamilton.

D. polystachya, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 114. Branches and
leaves below glabrous. Leaflets 5-7, subcoriaceous, acuminate, pale green on both
surfaces, twice as long as broad, 3-4 in. long, with a distinct point. Racemes long and
narrow, ^--1 ft. long, from the upper leaves and forming an end panicle, the nodes
copiously produced into branchlets, the rachises finely obscurely pubescent ; pedicels
exceeding the calyx, crowded on the branchlets. Calyx £ in., slightly pubescent.
Corolla f-^ in., rose-red. Ovary silky, with about 4 ovules. — Khasia, 2-4000 ft.,
Hook. fil. Sf Thomson.

D. ovalifolia, Benth. PI. Jungh. i. 252, ex parte. (Pongamia ovalifolia, W. % A.
Prodr. 262 ; Wight Ic. t. 328.) A climber, glabrous in all its parts, with general
habit and leaves very like Balbergia volubilis. Leaflets 9, long-stalked, oblong,
obtuse, emarginate, 1^-2 in. long, membranous, with raised veinlets. Racemes
copious, axillary, ^ ft. long, sometimes geminate, with nodes produced and very
abundant small bright red flowers ; pedicels twice the calyx. Calyx ~ in., broadly
campanulate. Corolla \ in. ; standard with a long claw and a broad blade, not
callose. Ovary slightly hairy, 2-ovuled. — Western Peninsula, Wight.

The following are probable species of § Bipteroderris, of which the flowers are
unknown.

D. discolor, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 111. A robust climber,
glabrous throughout. Leaves long-petioled ; leaflets 5-9 cbovate- oblong, 3-5 in. long,
obtusely pointed, bright green above, very glaucous below, rigidly coriaceous, with
immersed veins. Pod oblong, 1 seeded, thicker than in the other species, l£-l£ m-
by |-i in., both sutures raised and furnished with a narrow distinct wing. — Sikkim
and Silhet, Hook. fil. $ Thomson. A different type of the pod to the admitted
species, like that of Pongamia glabra in shape and texture, but with a double wing.

D. "Wightii, Baker. A slender glabrous climber.. Leaflets 5-7, oblong, obtusely
pointed, broadly rounded at the base, \-\\ in. long, rigidly subcoriaceous, with
immersed veins, pale grey-green on both surfaces. Racemes much exceeding the leaves

248 L. leguminos^;. (J. G. Baker.) [Euchresta.

•with produced nodes. Pod 1-2-seeded, 1-2 in. by £-| in., thin, but firm, rather
veined, persistently brown-silky, with a narrow wing down the upper and a very
obscure one down the lower suture. — Western Peninsula. ; Shevagerry hills, Wight.
Pod clothed like that of D. brevipes, but narrower and leaves much smaller.

90. EUCHRESTA, Bennett.

Shrubs. Leaves odd-pinnate. Flowers racemed. Calyx deeply campanu-
late, very oblique ; teeth 5, deltoid, very short. Corolla much exserted ;
standard narrow ; keel obtuse, its petals scarcely cohering. Stamens diadel-
phous (9, 1), but the filaments fastened very slightly ; anthers versatile. Ovary
long-stalked, 1-2-ovuled j style filiform, stigma capitate. Pod the size of an
olive, turgid, rather fleshy, filled up with the solitary seed. — Distrib. Species
2, the other Japanese.

1. E. Korsfieldii, Bennett PI. Jav. Par. 148, t. 31 ; Benth. in Journ.
Linn. Soc: iv., Suppl. 118. Andira Horsfieldii, Lesch. in Ann. Mus. 16, 481,
t. 12 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 476.

Khasja Mts.. HooJc.fil. $ Thomson. — Distrib. Java, Formosa.

An erect shrub, with glabrous leaves and branches. Leaves long-petioled ; leaflets
3-5, oblong, acute, ^ ft. long, subcoriaceous, opposite, subsessile, pale green, the
veins immersed. Flowers (not seen in Indian specimens) in simple peduncled
racemes ; pedicels geminate, minutely bracteate, snorter than the calyx. Corolla
pure white, £ in. long, twice the length of the calyx. Pod oblong, purplish-black,
£-| in. long.

91. DALHOUSIEA, Grab..

A climbing shrub. Leaves 1-foliolate. Floicers in axillary corymbs. Calyx
campanulate ; teeth short, deltoid. Corolla exserted ; petals equal in length ;
standard broad ; keel obtuse. Stamens free ; anthers uniform, oblong, versatile.
Ovary subsessile, few-ovuled; style filiform, stigma capitate. Pod oblong,
subcompressed, dehiscent, rigidly coriaceous, continuous within, 1-3-seeded. — A
single species, with a peculiar distribution, as it is known only in the East
Himalayas and Angola.

1. D. bract eat a, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5339 ; Wight Lc. t. 265. Poda-
lyria bracteata, Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. t. 259 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 317. ,

Eastern Himalayas, tropical region, Assam, Silhet, and Chtttaqong.

A subscandent shrub, with slender finely grey-downy branches. Leaves simple,
distinctly petioled, oblong, acute or obtuse, rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous, 4-12 in.
long; stipules small, lanceolate, subpersistent. Flowers in sparse lax subsessile
axillary corymbs about as long as the petioles, terminal on the branchlets, which
have several pairs of round membranous large persistent striated bracts ; bracteoles
like the bracts, but larger, completely hiding the flowers. Calyx ^ in., silky. Corolla
whitish, twice the length of the calyx. Pod 2-4 in. long, the thick discoid seeds an
inch broad.

92. SOPHORA, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves odd-pinnate. Flowers showy, yellow or violet-
purple, racemed or panicled. Calyx oblique, broadly campanulate ; teeth
deltoid, very short. Corolla much exserted ; standard broad ; petals equal in
length, all with long claws ; keel obtuse, or appendiculate in § Goebelia, with
a small hooked mucro. Sta??iens free, or obscurely connate at the very base ;
anthers uniform, versatile. Ovary stalked, many-ovuled ; style incurved, stigma

Sophora.'] L. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) 249

capitate. Pod moniliform, sublignose or membranous in our species, usually
indehiscent, the joints turgid, terete or in § Edwardsia furnished with four
wings.— Distrib. Species above 20, widely spread in warm countries.

§ Eusophora. Pod wingless. Keel obtuse, without a mucro.
* Stipules persistent, spiny. Pod finally dehiscing.

1. S. DXoorcroftiana, Benth. MSS. Astragalus Moorcroftianus, Wall.
Cat. 5933. Oaragana Moorcroftiana, Benth. in Boyle III. 198.

Western Tibet. Ladak, Moorcroft. Nubra valley, alt. 10-12,000 ft., Thomson.
Kashmir, Bellew. — Distrib. Kashgar, Bellew.

A low copiously-branched shrub, with densely grey-downy branches, armed with
fine pungent spines, which are the stipules that persist, as in Caragana, long after
the leaves fall. Leaves 1|— 2 in. long; leaflets 11-17, caducous, obovate, obtuse, with
a long awn, \-% in. long, subcoriaceous, pale green, finely grey-silky on both surfaces,
finally nearly glabrescent. Flowers in copious sparse axillary racemes ; pedicels
shorter than the calyx. Calyx \ in., densely grey-silky ; teeth short. Corolla
yellow, more than twice the length of the calyx ; blade of standard oblong. Pod
thinner than in the other species, 3-4 in. long, 5-6-seeded, densely pubescent.

** Small spineless trees with usually indehiscent pods.

2. S. tomentosa, Linn.; DC. Prodr. ii. 95; leaflets 15-19 obovate
obtuse densely grey-downy beneath, pedicels as long as the densely grey-downy
calvx, flowers yellow, pod finely grev-dowhy. Wall. Cat. 5333 ; Boxb. Fl.
Ind. ii. 316 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 179 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 89. S. glabra, Hassk. ;
Mia. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 125.

Shores of the Eastern and Western Peninsulas, and Ceylon. — Distrib. Cosmo-
politan in the Tropics.

Branchlets virgate, thinly persistently grey-downy. Leaves ^ ft. long ; leaflets
flexible, subcoriaceous, 1-2 in. long, dull grey-green, thinly downy above, the veins
immersed on both surfaces. Bacemes terminal, ^ ft. long ; pedicels densely silky, articu-
lated a little below the calyx. Calyx |-f in., nearly truncate, very oblique. Corolla
|-| in. ; blade of standard round, veined. Pod %— ^ ft. long, 6-8-seeded, the oblong
hoary joints separated by a narrow neck as long as themselves.

3. S. violacea, Thwaites Enum. 94; leaflets 19-21 oblong obtuse
glabrous, pedicels as long as the subglabrous calyx, flowers violet, pod glabrous.
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 90.

Ceylon ; Galle district, Thwaites.

A middle-sized shrub. Branches slender, virgate, obscurely silky at first. Leaves
£-f ft. long ; leaflets subdistant, membranous, glabrous, f-1 in. long, bright green
above, glaucous beneath. Bacemes axillary, close, short-peduncled, 3-4 in. long;
pedicels very slender, articulated below the apex. Calyx -very oblique, both at the
base and throat ; teeth obscure. Corolla twice the length of the calyx ; blade of
standard oblanceolate-spathulate, £ in. broad, with a very long claw. Pod 3-4 in.
long, 4-6-seeded ; joints oblong, veined, hard, with a narrow neck between them.

4. S. glauca, Lesch.-, EC. Prodr. ii. 95; leaflets 21-25 acute densely
silkv beneath, pedicels shorter than the denselv silky calvx, flowers purple, pod
persistently velvety. Wall. Cat. 5334 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 179 ; Wight Ie. t.
979 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 89. S. velutina, Lindl. Bat. Beg. t. 1185. Edwardsia
maderaspatana, Wight Ic. t. 1054 (except the pods).

Hills of the Western Peninsula.

Branches clothed with dense persistent grey or brown velvety pubescence. Leaves
\ ft. ; leaflets oblong, not acuminate, rarely subobtuse, f-1 in. long, subcoriaceous,

250 L. leguminos^;. (J. G. Baker.) [Sophora.

green, glabrescent above, densely grey-silky beneath, finally nearly glabrescent, the
hairs on the midrib brown, the veinlets immersed. Racemes dense, terminal, short-
pednncled, \-^ f&. long ; pedicels densely silky. Calyx \ in. ; teeth distinct. Corolla
twice as long as the calyx ; blade of standard (obo vat e, \ in. broad. Pod 3-4 in. long,
moderately firm, 5-6-seeded, finally dehiscing, but little moniliform when all the
seeds are matured.

5. S. heptaphylla, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 96 ; leaflets 7-13 oblong
acuminate glabrescent beneath, pedicels exceeding the finely silky calyx, corolla
small yellow, pod glabrous. Am. Pug. 10; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 89, ex parte.

Ceylon, alt. 4-7000 ft. — Distrib. China.

Branchlets at first brown-silky. Leaves \-% ft. ; leaflets conspicuously alternate,
sub coriaceous, bright green above, 2-3 in. long, the veins rather raised on both surfaces,
glaucous beneath, rounded at the base. Racemes short-peduncled, moderately close,
£-£ ft long ; pedicels \-^ in., articulated at the middle, thinly silky, the lower in
pairs. Calyx £ in., thinly silky at first. Corolla twice the length of the calyx. Pod
2-3 in. long, rigidly coriaceous, 2-4-seeded, the joints oblong, ^— § in. broad, with a
broad neck between them when the«seeds all mature, the faces distinctly veined.

6. SlVftfflitii, Baker ; leaflets 11-15 oblong acuminate thinly pubescent
beneath, pedicels exceeding the finely silky calyx, corolla middle-sized yellow,
pod glabrous? S. heptaphylla, Wight Ic. i. 1155 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 79 ;
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 89, in part, non Linn.

Hills of the "Western Peninsula, Mysore, Cleghorn.

Branchlets persistently brown-velvety. Leaves ^ ft. long ; leaflets subcoriaceous,
2-3 in. long, bright green above, very glaucous with a thin coating of bright brown
pubescence, especially on the midrib beneath, the veinlets on both sides rather raised.
Racemes lax, axillary, short-peduncled, as long as the leaves ; pedicels twice the
calyx. Calyx \ in., oblique at the mouth, persistently brown-silky ; teeth obscure.
Corolla more than twice the length of the calyx. Pod 3-4 in. long, firm, indehis-
cent ; joints oblong, distinctly veined on the faces with a deep constriction between
them.

7. S. acuminata, Benth. MSS.; leaflets 15-19 oblong acuminate
obscurely silky beneath, pedicels shorter than the finely silky calyx, corolla
yellow middle-sized, pod glabrous. Ormosia acuminata, Wall. Cat. 5973.

Eastern Bengal and the Eastern Himalayas, tropical zone, ascending to 4000 ft. ;
Khasia, Assam, Bhotan, Mishmi.

Branchlets thinly grey-silky at first, soon glabrescent. Leaves f-1 ft. ; leaflets
subcoriaceous, 3-4 in. long, narrowed to a very long point, the upper cuneate, the
lower rounded at the base, bright green above, glaucous beneath, with a few obscure
adpressed hairs. Racemes peduncled, moderately close, axillary much shorter than
the leaves. Calyx \-^ in., very oblique, membranous, thinly grey-silky ; teeth
obscure. Corolla bright yellow, more than twice the length of the calyx. Pod 3-5
in. long, 3-4-seeded, moderately firm, indehiscent, with deep constrictions between the
oblong strongly -veined joints.

§ § G-oebelia, Bunge in Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 628, Gen. Pod wingless, inde-
hiscent. Keel appendiculate, with a mucro like Oxytropis.

8. S. alopecuroides, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 96. Goebelia alopecu-
roides, Bunge loc. cit.

"Western Tibet, temperate region, alt. 10-12,000 ft., Thomson, Falconer. —
Distrib. Afghanistan, Orient.

An undershrub, with virgate branches, clothed with short adpressed grey pubes-
cence. Leaves^ ft. long; leaflets 15-25, pale green, oblong, subcoriaceous, obtuse,
f-1 in. long, thinly grey-downy above, densely beneath. Flowers in dense terminal
racemes ^ ft. long ; pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx ^-£ in., very oblique,

Sophora.~\ L. leguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) 251

densely pubescent ; teeth distinct, deltoid. Corolla bright yellow, 3 times the length
of the calyx. Pod \ in. broad, sublignose, finely downy, 6-12-seeded, the seeds close
and constrictions slight except where the ovules do not develop.

§§§ Edwardsia, Salisb. Pod furnished with four distinct wings. — Key-
serlingia, Bunge.

9. S. mollis, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5335 ; flowers smaller developed before
the leaves in short crowded racemes. Edwardsia mollis, Royle'Ill. t. 32, fig. 2.
Sophora Houghiana, Wall Cat. 5336 B.

Plains and low hills of the north-west ; Hazara and the Salt range to Kumaon
and NiPal, ascending to 4000 ft.

A low spineless shrub, with finely grey-downy branches, the flowers developed
first in copious short simple ascending racemes, the leaves appearing with the fruit.
Leaves ^ ft. long ; leaflets 21-25, rigidly coriaceous, pale, grey green, |— J in. long,
obtuse, emarginate, prominently veined, finely grey-downy. Racemes 2-3 in. long ;
pedicels equalling or exceeding the calyx. Calyx ^-\ in., very oblique, finely grey-
downy. Corolla yellow, f-f in. Pod glabrous, 3-4 in. long, 5-6-seeded, the joints
with four distinct crustaceous wings and separated by distinct constrictions.

Var. hydaspidis ; leaves and calyx more densely and persistently silky, flowers
larger. — Salt Kange, Punjab.

10. S. interrupta, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 165; Fl. Sylv. 90;
Anal. Gen. t. 12, fig. 6 ; flowers larger developed at the same times as the
leaves in their axils. Edwardsia maderaspatana, Wight Ic. t. 1054, as regards
the fruit.

Hills of Mysore, alt. 2500-3000 ft., Wight, Beddome.

A tall erect shrub. Leaves \-\ ft. long ; leaflets 19-29, obtuse, emarginate, \-\\
in. long, thinner than in the last, with a few obscure hairs beneath. Racemes dis-
tinctly peduncled, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels twice the length of the calyx.
Calyx \ in., very oblique, obscurely silky. Corolla bright yellow, §-£ in. long ;
blade of standard round. Pod just like that of 8. mollis. — This is doubtless the
plant intended by Wight, but all except the fruit in the plate appears to be drawn
from S. glauca.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.

A plant from the top of Parasnath, in Behar, seen in pod only, doubtless a new
species, comes nearest to S. Wightii, but the 13-15 leaflets are obtuse, with thinner
texture and finer veining, and the joints of the fruit smaller, with a tendency to
dehisce down the sutures.

93. CALFURNZA, E. Meyer.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves odd-pinnate, with numerous leaflets. Flowers
yellow, racemed or panicled. Calyx broadly campanulate ; teeth deltoid.
Corolla much exserted ; petals equal in length ; keel obtuse, rather incurved, its
petals cohering. Stamens free ; anthers small, oblong, versatile. Ovary linear
stalked, many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma capitate. Pod strap-shaped, flat,
membranous, many-seeded, indehiscent, with a narrow wing down the dorsal
suture. — Distkib. Species 6, the others Cape and Abyssinian.

Virgilia capensis, Lam., a well-known Cape plant, allied to Calpumia. is included
in Hohenacker's Nilghiry plants, but is only cultivated in India.

^fel C. aurea, Baker in Oliv. Flor. Trop. Afric. ii. 252 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 89 ;
AWL Gen. t. 12, fig. 5. Virgilia aurea, Lam.; DC. Prodr. ii. 98; W. 8f A.
Prodr. 179. Bobinia Heynei, Wall. Cat. 5653.

Western Peninsula, near Courtallum, and on the Denkinacottah hills in moun-
tain jungl»U— Distrib. Abyssinia.

252 L. leguminos.e. (J. G. Baker.) [Pericopsis.

Branches slender, finely grey-silky. Leaflets 13-21, membranous, oblong, obtuse,
glabrous, l-l£ in. long. Racemes copious, short-peduncled, as long as the leaves ;
pedicels finely silky, much exceeding the calyx. Calyx ^-\ in. Pod pliable, 3-4
in. long, 5-6-seeded, glaorous.

94. PERICOPSIS, Thwaites.

A tree. Leaves odd-pinnate, with large coriaceous leaflets. Flowers
racemed or panicled. Calyx large, cleft to below the middle, the upper teeth
shortest, subconnate. Corolla little exserted ; standard round, reflexed, rather
shorter than the obtuse wings and keel. Stamens free, as long as the corolla,
recurved at the end ; anthers uniform, versatile. Ovary stalked, few-ovuled ;
style long, filiform, recurved at the end, stigma oblique. Pod like that of a
Derris, rigid, indehiscent, flattish, strap-shaped, with a narrow wing down each
suture. — Distrib. A single species, endemic in Ceylon.

1. P. IVXooniana, Thwaites Enum. 413 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 187. Dal-
bergia Mooniania, Thwaites Enum. 93. D. lanceolaria, Moon Cat. 51, non
Linn.

Ceylon, southern and central districts, Thwaites, Ferguson.

A large tree, with slender subglabrous branches. Stipules, bracts and bracteoles
minute, caducous ; leaflets 5-7, glabrous, subcoriaceous, conspicuously alternate,
broad oblong, subacute, 2-3 in. long. Flowers in sparse axillary racemes and
terminal corymbose panicles. Calyx pedicellate, glabrous, £ in., leathery; teeth
lanceolate. Corolla dark purple, yellowish at the base ; keel-petals slightly cohering.
Pod 3-5 in. by 1 in., 4-5 seeded, glabrous, polished.

95. ORBXOSXA, Jacks.

Erect trees. Leaves odd-pinnate. Floivers usually in dense terminal
racemes. Calyx campanulate, deeply 5-cleft, the upper teeth the shortest.
Corolla not much exserted ; petals all with short claws, about equal in length ;
standard round ; keel-petals and wings oblong, obtuse, the former not connate.
Stamens free, much incurved, often exserted when the flower expands ; anthers
oblong, versatile. Ovary subsessile ; style long, filiform, circinate at the end,
stigma oblique. Pod thick, rigid or rather fleshy, turgid, 2-valved, continuous
within, the sutures not winged. Seeds with a bright scarlet aril or testa. —
Distrib. Species above 20, cosmopolitan in the tropics.

* Leaflets glabrous beneath. Seeds {where known) large.

1. O. robusta, Wight Ic. t. 245 (Sophora in tab.) ; leaflets 7-11 oblong
lanceolate dark green, racemes crowded in terminal panicles, pedicels shorter
than the calyx, pod oblong with the valves round on the back. O. floribunda,
Wall. Cat. 5337. Sophora robusta, Roxb. Hort. Peng. 31. Arillaria robusta,
Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Peng. vol. xlii. pt. 2, 71.

Silhet, Roxburgh, Wallich. Pegu and Tenasserim, Kurz.

A large tree, with thick sukate thinly grey-downy branches. Leaflets opposite,
3-5 in. long, acute, rounded at the base, rigidly subcoriaceous, dull green beneath,
the veins fine, rather raised. Racemes in a large end panicle and also from
the axils of the upper leaves, the branches finely grey-downy ; bracts lanceolate,
minute, subpersistent ; bracteoles 0. Calyx under \ in., brown-silky, the teeth as
long as the tube. Corolla twice the length of the calyx. Ovary densely silky. Pod
oblong, glabrous, bright yellow, rather fleshy, but two-valved, usually 1 -seeded, 2-2£
in. long, sometimes 2-seeded. Seeds oblong, l£ in. long, ' enveloped in a complete
thick fleshy scarlet aril.' — Kurz.

Ormosia.~\ l. leguminosjj. (J. G. Baker.) 253

2. O. travancorica, Bedel. Fl. Sylv. t. 45; leaflets 7-9 oblong dull
green long-stalked, racemes crowded in terminal panicles, pedicels very short,
pod oblong with the valves rounded on the back.

Travancore hills, Beddome.

A tall tree, with finely grey-downy branchlets. Leaflets opposite, oblong, cuspi-
date, rigidly coriaceous, 2-3 in. long, dull grey-green beneath, rounded at the base,
slightly downy on the midrib, the veinlets immersed ; petiolules \-j$ in. long.
Flowers crowded on the finely grey-downy branches ; bracts very minute. Calyx
brown-silky, £- A in., deeply 5-clett. Corolla whitish, under twice the length of the
calyx. Pod glabrous, hard, oblique oblong, subacute, 3 in. long, 1-seeded. Seed
oblong, 1 in. long, with a bright scarlet testa.

3. O. macrodisca, Baker ; leaflets 7-9 rigidly coriaceous pale green
oblong, short-stalked, racemes crowded in terminal panicles, pedicels shorter
than the calyx, pod large orbicular with subcompressed thick valves.

Malacca., Maingay.

A large tree, with very thick grey glabrous branchlets. Leaflets very thick and
rigid in texture, pale grey-green on both surfaces, acute, broadly rounded at the base,
3-5 in. long, quite glabrous, the veins immersed. Branches of the panicle stout,
sulcate, glabrous ; bracts and bracteoles minute, subpersistent ; pedicels brown-silky
£-£ in. Calyx ±-^ in., densely brown-silky, cleft considerably below the middle.
Corolla half as long again as the calyx; standard f in. broad. Stamens consider-
ably exserted. Pod hard, thick, 3 in. broad, flat at first, turgid when the usually
solitary seed swells. Seed oblong, 1 in. long, with a large black adnate pitted
aril.

4. O. g-lauca, Wall. PI. Asiat. Par. ii. 23, t. 125 ; leaflets 7-9 oblong
dull pale green distinctly stalked, flowers in axillary racemes, pedicels as long as
the calyx, pod unknown. Wall. Cat. 5338.

Nipal, Wallich.

A tall tree, with thinly brown-velvety stout sulcate branchlets. Leaflets rigidly
subcoriaceous, obtusely cuspidate, 3-4 in. long, dull pale green on both surfaces, the
veins immersed ; petiolules £-£ in. Flowers in peduncled racemes, shorter than the
leaves ; bracts and bracteoles minute, caducous. Calyx \ in., obscurely silky ; teeth
as long as the tube. Corolla white, twice the length of the calyx. Ovary linear,
brown-silky, 3-4-ovuled.

** Leaflets beneath and branchlets velvety. Seeds small.

5. O. microsperma, Baker ; leaflets 11-13 acute short-stalked, vein-
lets beneath slender raised anastomosing, pedicels shorter than the calyx, pod
subcompressed with thin valves, seed oblong turgid.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.

A middle-sized tree, with thick densely brown-velvety branches. Leaflets oblong,
rigidly coriaceous, 2-4 in. long, grey-green, rather glossy above, broadly rounded at
the base, densely persistently shortly pubescent beneath ; petiolules — in. Branches
of the panicle rigidly erecto-patent, densely velvety. Calyx £~ in., with a pair of
small lanceolate bracteoles at the base, densely velvety ; teeth as long as the tube.
Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Ovary densely silky, 3-4-ovuled. Pod orbicular
if 1-seeded, ^— § in. long, oblong if 2-seeded, lineate between the seeds, the valves
thin, rigid, glabrescent. Seeds bright scarlet, \ in. long, exarillate. — Closely resembles
0. coarctata, Jacks, in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. t. 25, from Guiana, and nearly allied to
the Malayan Macrotropis sumatrana, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 294. Kurz refers here
Chcenolobium septemjugum and decemjugum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 302.

6. O. parvifolia, Baker; leaflets 9-13 small acute, long-stalked, veins

254 l. leguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) [Ormosia.

beneath inconspicuous, pedicels very short, pod subcompressed with thin valves,
seeds oblong turgid. Macrotropis bancana, Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 295 P

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.

Branches slender, persistently brown -velvety. Leaflets rigidly coriaceous, grey-
green, oblong, distinctly cuspidate, the end one 2-2£ in. long, rather glossy above,
thinly hairy beneath, the veins line and scarcely at all raised; petiolules ^-i in.
Racemes short ; flowers crowded ; bracts and bracteoles distinct, ovate-lanceolate, sub-
persistent. Calyx £ in., brown-silky, cleft half way down. Corolla twice the length
of the calyx. Ovary silky. Pod and seeds just like those of 0. microsperma.

7. O. venosa, Baker-, leaflets 7 obtuse or subobtuse nearly sessile on the
rachis with thick much-raised parallel main veins beneath, pedicels long, pod-
valves thick turgid, seeds orbicular subdiscoid.

Malacca, Maingay.

A tall tree, with" branches clothed with persistent dense velvety pubescence.
Leaflets obovate-oblong, rigidly coriaceous, 3-4 in. long, grey-green and glabrous
above, densely persistently tomentose beneath. Flowers crowded in terminal racemes,
the branches densely velvety, not rigid as in the two preceding ; bracts and bracteoles
minute, but distinct and subpersistent ; pedicels as long as the calyx. Calyx % in.,
densely velvety, cleft down to the middle. Corolla half as long again as the calyx.
Stamens distinctly exserted. Pod obtuse or subacute, oblong or obovoid-oblong,
glabrous, l|-lf in. long, 1 in. thick. Seeds bright scarlet, exarillate, §-| in. broad.

96. CXSALFINIA, Linn.

Robust erect trees, shrubs or woody prickly climbers. Leaves large, abruptly
bipinnate. Floivers showy, yellow, in copious axillary racemes. Calyx deeply-
cleft, with the disk confined to its base, the lobes imbricated, the lowest the
largest, cucullate. Petals spreading, usually orbicular with a distinct claw, the
uppermost smaller than the others. Stamens 10, free, declinate ; anthers oblong,
uniform, versatile. Ovary sessile or subsessile, few-ovuled ; style filiform, some-
times clubbed at the tip, stigma terminal. Pod oblong or ligulate, thin and
flat, or thicker and subturgid, indehiscent or dehiscent, smooth or in subgen.
Guilandina armed all over with wiry spines. — Distrib. Species about 40, widely
spread in the tropics of both hemispheres.

Subgen. 1. Guilandina (Linn.) Pod dry, armed on the faces with
abundant wiry prickles. Petals narrow.

1. C. Bonducella, Fleming in Asiat. Res. xi. 159; leaves stipulate,
leaflets small, bracts squarrose. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 357. Guilandina Bonducella,
Linn. ; Wall. Cat. 5803. G. Bonduc, W. $ A. Prodr. 280 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 79, in part.

From the Himalayas, throughout India, ascending to 2500 ft. in Kumaon^^
Distrib. Cosmopolitan in the tropics. ^P

Branches finely grey-downy, with abundant small hard falcate yellow prickles.
Leaves a foot or more long, with a pair of reduced pinnae persistent at the base ; pinnae
mostly 12-16; leaflets oblong, obtuse, mucronate, membranous, usually £-1 in. long,
rather downy beneath. Racemes long-peduncled, simple or panic! ed, dense at the top,
lax downwards ; pedicels as long as the calyx, finely brown-downy. Calyx
^-^ in. Petals oblanceolate, yellow, little exserted. Pod short-stalked, oblong, 2-3 in.
long. Seeds 1-2, large, oblong, lead-coloured.

Ccesalpinia.] l. leguminosjj. (J. G. Baker.) 255

2. C. Bonduc, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32; Fl. Ind. ii. 362; leaves without
stipules, leaflets larger, bracts ascending. Guilandina Bonduc, Linn. ; DC.
Prodr. ii. 480; Wall. Cat. 5806; W. $ A. Prodr. 280, ex parte. G. glabra,
Mill. Diet. No. 3.

Eastern and Western Peninsulas. Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay isles, Polynesia,
West Indies.

Very near C. Bonducella, from which it differs by its more robust habit, less
downy branches, larger leaflets (often 2-3 in. long), the absence of the reduced sti-
pular pinnae, by its smaller not squarrose bracts, and more tropical dispersion.

Stjbgen. 2. Sucaesalpinia. Pod dry, naked on the valves, indehiscent or
finally dehiscing, the sutures thin except in C. sepiaria. Petals broad.

3. C. Nug'a, Ait. Hort. Kew, iii. 32 ; glabrous, pinnae 4-6, leaflets 4-6
large ovate, stamens little exserted, pod woody broad-oblong 1-seeded. Gui-
landina Nuga, Linn. Sp. PI. 546. 0. paniculata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32 ; Fl.
Ind. ii. 364; DC. Prodr. ii. 481; W. 8? A. Prodr. 281; Wight let. 36;
Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 79. 0. sumatrana, Wall. Cat. 5831 B, 0, non Roxb.
C. bijuga, Wall Cat. 5833, non Sw. 0. scandens, Koenig; DC. Prodr. ii. 482;
Wall. Cat. 5829.

Chittagong, Silhet, Eastern and Western Peninsulas, and Ceylon. — Distrib.
Malay isles, Philippines, China, N. Australia, Polynesia.

Branches slender, very flexuose. Prickles copious, dark-coloured, hooked. Leaf-
lets distinctly petioluled, 1^-2 in. long, obtuse, glossy. Racemes axillary and terminal,
copiously panicled, with spreading branches ; pedicels as long as the calyx. Calyx
glabrous, %-% in. Petals scarcely exserted. Filaments densely woolly in the lower
half. Pod' 2 in. long, broad, oblong, beaked, hard, glabrous, indehiscent, rather
turgid.

4. C. Sappan, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 482 ; subglabrous, pinnae 20-24,
leaflets 20-30 moderately small oblong v-3ry oblique, stamens little exserted, pod
oblique oblong woody 3-4-seeded. Roxb. Cor. PI. i. 17, t. 16 ; Hort. Beng. 32 ;
Fl. Ind. ii. 357 ; Wall. Cat. 5838 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 281 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 90 ;
Anal. Gen. t. xiii. fig. 1. Biancaea Sappan, Todaro Hort. Bat. Panorm. 3.

Eastern and Western Peninsulas and Pegu. — Distrib. Malay isles.

A small tree. Prickles small and few. Leaf-rachis ^—1 ft. long ; leaflets close,
sessile, subcoriaceous, ^-| in. long, attached at the lowest corner. Panicles often as
long as the leaves, the young branches slightly ferrugineo-pubescent ; bracts large,
lanceolate, caducous ; pedicels £-| in. Calyx f in., glabrous. Filaments densely
woolly in the lower half. Ovary grey- velvety. Pod 3-4 in. by 1^ in., subcompressed,
polished, indehiscent, with a hard recurved beak at the upper angle.

5. C. pulcherrima, Swartz, Obs. 166; glabrous, pinnae 12-18, leaflets
20-24 small oblique-oblong, stamens much exserted, pod thin ligulate flat gla-
brous 6-8-seeded. Poinciana pulcherrima, Linn. ; Bot. Mag. t. 995 ; Roxb.
Fl. Ind. ii. 355 ; DC. Pi'odr. ii. 484; Wall. Cat. 5813; W. $ A. Prodr. 282.—
Rheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 1.

Universally cultivated through India and elsewhere in the tropics ; the native
country not clearly known.

A shrub or small tree. Prickles few and scattered on the branches. Leaflets sessile,
close, membranous, ^-| in. long, not so oblique as in the last, very obtuse. Racemes
very broad, the lower pedicels 3-4 in. long. Calyx ^-f in., glabrous. Petals round,
crisped, reddish-yellow, with a very distinct claw, the largest and most showy of all the
species. Filaments bright red, 3-4 times the length of the corolla. Pod nearly straight,
2-3 in. long, the narrowest and thinnest of that of any of the species.

256 L. LEGUMINOS.E. (J. (3r. Baker.) [Ccesalpinia.

6. C. sepiaria, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 32; Fl. Ind. ii. 360; downy, pinnae'
12-20, leaflets 16-24 small oblong-, stamens little exserted, pod oblong-ligulate
subturgid veined 4-8-seeded. Wall. Cat. 5834, exel. II. ; W. 8c A. Prodr. 282 ;
Wight Ic. t. 37 ; Dalz. 8c Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 80. 0. ferox, Hassk. PI. Jav. Bar.
400. C. japonica, Sieb. § Zucc. Fl. Jap. 9. 0. crista, Thumb. Fl. Jap. 179, non
Linn. Reichardia decapetala, Both ; DC. Prodr. ii. 484. Biancfea scandens,
Todaro Hort. Bot. Panorm. 4, t. 1.

Himalayas to Ceylon and Ava, ascending to 4000 ft. in the North- West. — Dis-
trib. Malay isles, China, Japan and introduced in Tropical America.

Branches more or less densely coated with grey or brown pubescence. Prickles
small, copious, hooked, pale brown. Leaves f-1 ft. long ; pinnse distinctly stalked ;
leaflets membranous, very obtuse, £-1 in. long, green and glabrous above, glaucous
and slightly pubescent beneath. Racemes simple, distinctly-peduncled, ^—1 ft. long ;
pedicels rigidly erecto-patent, twice the length of the calyx. Calyx f-£ in., more or
less pubescent. Corolla \ in., bright yellow. Filaments densely woolly in the lower
half. Pod 3-5 in. by above 1 in., sublignose, glabrous, rather recurved, with the upper
suture dilated into a narrow Items-like wing, subindehiscent.

7. C. mimosoides, Lam. III. t. 335, fig. 2; downy, pinnse 20-60, leaflets
20-40 oblong very small, stamens little exserted, pod recurved oblong very
turgid 2-seeded. DC. Prodr. ii. 482 ; W. 8c A. Prodr. 281 ; Wight. Ic. t. 392 ;
Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 80. 0. Siniora, Ham. in Boxb. Hort. Beng. 32 ; Fl. Ind.
ii. 359. 0. resupinata, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 32 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 362. O. horrida,
Wall. Cat. 5836. 0. armata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5840. Biancsea mimosoides,
Todaro Hort. Bot. Panorm. 3.

Birma at Chappedong, Wallich. Western Peninsula. Ceylon.

Branches armed with copious irregular small prickles, passing down gradually
into aciculi, bristles and hairs. Leaves 1-1^ ft. long, much narrower than in the other
species ; leaflets sessile, membranous, sensitive, glabrous, ^— | in. long. Racemes lax,
simple, 1-2 ft. long, the rachis densely prickly and like the rigidly erecto-patent
prickles very rough with hard raised points ; pedicels 2-3 times the length of the
calyx. Calyx ^— § in., more or less downy. Petals broad, bright yellow, scarcely ex
serted. Filaments densely woolly in the lower half. Pod under 2 in. long, more
turgid than in the other species, half an inch thick, narrowed to the base, hard, sub
indehiscent, clothed with minute deciduous bristles, truncate at the end with a short
recurved beak, the sutures not at all thickened.

Subgen. 3. Cinclidocarpus (Z. & M.). Pod rather fleshy, indehiscent,
naked on the faces, the sutures much thickened. Petals broad.

8. C. digyna, Bottl. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 482 ; leaflets 16-20 membranous,
pedicels spreading 2-4 times the length of the calyx. Wall. Cat. 5839 ; W. 8c
A. Prodr. 281. O. oleosperma, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 32 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 356. C.
flavicans, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5825. 0. gracilis, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 110.
Pterolobium lacerans, Wall. Cat. 5841, F. & I.

Eastern Himalayas, Eastern and Western Peninsulas, and Ceylon. —
Distrib. Malay isles.

Branches glabrous or slightly downy ; prickles scattered, uniform. Leaves £-f ft.
long ; leaflets close, oblong, obtuse, sessile, |-|- in. long, dark green and glabrous
above, grey and glabrescent or obscurely downy beneath. Racemes peduncled, simple,
equalling or exceeding the leaves; pedicels ^-1 in., slender, glabrous, spreading hori-
zontally or rather detlexed. Calyx glabrous, |-i in. Stamens little exserted, woolly.
Pod oblong, glabrous, 1^—2 in. long, 2-4-seeded, turgid, torulose.

9. C. cinclidocarpa, Miq. Flor. Ind, Bat. i. 110 ; leaflets 28-36 rigidly
subcoriaceous, racemes copiously panicled, pedicels erecto-patent as long as the

Ccesalpinia.] l. leguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) 257

calyx. Cinclidocarpus nitidus, Zoll. 8f Moritz. Nat. Geneesk. iii. 74. C. mi-
crophylla, Hamilt. m Wall. Cat. 5826. 0. tortuosa, Wall. Cat. 5827 D.

Assam and Silhet. — Distrib. Java.

Obscurely downy. Prickles scattered, uniform. Leaves a foot or more long ;
pinnae 20-24 ; leaflets close, sessile, obtuse, ligulate, caducous, |~| in. by |~i in., glossy
above. Panicles often as long as the leaves, with finely downy rachises and pedicels.
Calyx f-| in. Petals round with a claw, bright yellow. Stamens little exserted. Pod
oblong, indehiscent, 2-3 in. by 1 in., glabrous, 3-4-seeded.

10. C. tortuosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32; Fl. Ind. ii. 365; leaflets
40-60 rigidly subcoriaceous, racemes simple,, pedicels erecto-patent as long as the
calyx. Wall. Cat. 5827 A, B, 0.

Tenasserim, Wallich. — Distrib. Malay isles.

Branches slightly downy. Prickles small, scattered, uniform. Leaves 1-1 £ ft.
long ; pinnae 30-40 ; leaflets close, glossy, sessile, narrow ligulate, obtuse, \-% in. by
i in., just like those of the last in shape and texture. Bacemes as long as the leaves.
Calyx § in., glabrous. Pod just like those of the two preceding.

97. PELTOPHORUM, Vogel.

Tall unarmed trees. Leaves abruptly bipinnate. Flowers showy, yellow, in
axillary and panicled terminal racemes. Calyx with the disk confined to the
base ; teeth subequal, very deep, imbricate. Petals oblong or roundish, imbri-
cated, spreading. Stamens 10, free, declinate ; fijaments with a dense tuft of
hairs at the base; anthers uniform, linear-oblong* Ovary sessile, free, few-
ovuled ; style long, filiform, incurved, stigma large peltate. Pod oblong, flat,
thin, hard, indehiscent, with a firm broad wing on each suture. — Distrib.
Species 6, cosmopolitan in the Tropics.

1. P. ferrug'ineum, Benth. Fl. Austral, ii. 279 ; flowering pedicels at
most as long as the calyx. Osesalpinia ferruginea, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 111.
O. arborea, Miq. loc. cit. 112. 0. Glenniei, Thwaites Enum. 414. 0. inermis,
Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 367. Poinciana Roxburghii, G. Don Gen.. Syst. ii. 433.

Sincapore, Malacca, Andamans, and Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay isles, N. Aus-
tralia.

Young branches clothed with thin bright reddish-brown tomentum. Leaves dis-
tinctly petioled, ^-1 ft. long; pinnae opposite, 16-20, £~ £ ft. long; leaflets 20-30,
close, ligulate-oblong, sessile, obtuse, unequal-sided, £-f in. long, rigidly subcoriace-
ous, slightly tomentose below. Branches of the panicle numerous, stiffly erecto-patent,
conspicuously ferrugineo-tomentose, as is also the calyx ; bracts minute, lanceolate,
caducous. Calyx \ in. deep. Pod 1-4-seeded, rigid, glabrous, 2-4 in. by 1 in., narrowed
to both ends, closely longitudinally veined.

2. P. dasyrachis, Kurz MSS. ; flowering pedicels 3-4 times as long
as the calyx. Osesalpinia dasyrachis, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 292. 0.
Finlaysoniana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5971.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Java, Sumatra.

Very near P. ferrugineum, with which it agrees in vestiture and leaves. Flower-
a£.cemes 6-9 in. by 3 in. ; lower pedicels patent or rather reflexed, \-\\ in. long ;
bracts linear, subpersistent, £ in. long. Flowers rather larger. Pod the same shape
but rather larger, thinner and not reticulately veined.

98. MEZONEURUM, Desf.

Robust woody prickly climbers. Leaves abruptly bipinnate. Flowers in
ample panicled racemes. Calyx very oblique, usually deeply cleft, with the disk
VOL. ii. s

258 L. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) [Mezoneurum.

confined to the base or extending upwards, the lobes imbricated, the lowest the
longest, remarkably hood-like. Petals spreading, obovate-spathulate, subequal.
Stamens free, declinate, usually exserted ; anthers oblong, uniform. Ovary ses-
sile, many-ovuled ; style filiform, incurved with the stamens, stigma small capi-
tate. Pod large, oblong, flat, thin, indehiscent, with a broad wing down the
upper suture. — Distrib. Species 10, mostly Trop. Asiatic, confined to the old
world.

* Eumezoneuron. Calyx deeply cleft ; disk basal.

1. JUL. cucullatum, W. fy A. Prodr. 283 ; leaflets 8-10 large ovate acute
glabrous, stamens much exceeding the calyx. Dalz. 8f Cribs. Bomb Fl. 80.
Csesalpinia cucullata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 358 ; G. Bon Gen.
Syst. ii. 431 ; Wall. Cat. 5828, excl. B. M. macrophyllum, Blume ; Mia. Flor.
Ind. Bat. i. 104.

Eastern Himalayas from Nipal, ascending to 4,000 ft. to the Khasia hills,
Behar and the Western Peninsula. — Distrib. Malay isles.

Branches glabrous, with small dark hooked scattered prickles. £ea/-rachis |— 1 ft.
long; pinnae 4-10 long-stalked ; leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous, 1-2 in. long, glabrous,
dark-green above, subdistant, rather glaucous below. Racemes simple or forked,
sometimes as long as the leaves, the rachis virgate, tinged with yellow ; pedicels as
long as the calyx, which is the most oblique of all the species, with the posterior sepal
and petal very cucullate. Calyx § in., glabrous, tinged with yellow. Petals bright
yellow, streaked with red. Filaments faintly ciliated near the base. Pod like that of
a Balbergia, with a single large seed in the middle, 3-4 in. long, with a wing like
the valves in texture \— § in. broad.

Var. grandis, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 5830, under Csesalpinia, sp. ; larger in all its
parts, the leaflets 3-4 in. long, and wing of the pod ^ in. broad. Guilandina macro-
carpa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5804. — Distribution of the type.

Rheede Hort. Mai. vol. vi. t. 20, on which is founded Guilandina axillaris, Lam.
(Csesalpinia? axillaris, DC. Prodr. ii. 481) is probably made up of the leaf of this and
pod of Casalpinia Sappan.

2. HI. glabrum, Desf. in Mem. Mus. iv. 246, t. 10 ; leaflets 14-16 small
glabrous oblong obtuse distinctly stalked, stamens much exceeding the calyx.
DC. Prodr. ii. 484. Csesalpinia furfuracea, Wall. Cat. 5835.

Tenasserim, Wallich. — Distrib. Philippines, Timor.

Branches glabrous, the falcate prickles almost restricted to the base of the pinnae.
Leaves 1 ft. long; pinnae 12-14, distinctly stalked; leaflets membranous, caducous,
close, dark green, alternate, £-| in. long. Racemes simple or forked, as long as the
leaves ; pedicels exceeding the calyx. Calyx glabrous, \ in. long, less oblique than in
the last, the upper teeth reaching half down, the lowest twice as long. Filaments
densely ciliated near the base. Pod 5-6 in. by 1 \ in., 2-4-seeded, with a wing |-| in.
broad.

3. SK. enneaphyllum, W. # A. Prodr. 283 ; leaflets 18-22 small gla-
brous oblong obtuse subsessile, stamens slightly exceeding the calyx. Osesal-
pinia enneaphylla, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 363 ; Miq. Flor. Ind.
Bat. i. 104, tab. 2 B. C. sepiaria, Wall. Cat. 5834 H.

Cachar and Chittagong, Hook. fil. and Thomson. Tavoy, Gomez. Pegu, McClel-
land. Ceylon, Thwaites. — Distrib. Malay isles.

Branches slender, glabrous ; prickles copious, minute, falcate. Leaves f-1 ft. long ;
pinnae 16-20, distinctly stalked, 2-3 in. long ; leaflets sensitive, glabrous, membranous,
§— ^ in. long. Racemes copiously panicled, sometimes a foot long ; pedicels slender,
glabrous or pubescent, twice as long as the calyx. Flower smaller than in the last.
Calyx \ -^ in., glabrous. Corolla bright yellow. Filaments densely woolly at the base.
Pod 3-4 in. long by less than 1 in., thin and glossy, 4-6-seeded ; wing A-§ in. broad. —
Very like Ccesalpinia sepiaria in habit and inflorescence.

Mezoneurum.'] l. leguminos^e. (J. Gr. Baker.) 259

4. BE. yuboocems, Xto/. i'w iliffwtr 'ilfm. iv. QIC, I. 11 ; leaflets 12-10
small oblong obtuse pubescent subsessile, stamens slightly exceeding the calyx.
Caesalpinia hymenocarpa, Wall. Cat. 5832.

Ava ; Taong-dong, Wallich. Ceylon, Thwaites. — Distrib. Malay isles.

General habit and inflorescence of the last. Branches, leaves below and calyx
densely finely grey-downy. Pinna 12-24, distinctly stalked; leaflets sensitive,
£-$ in. long. Racemes close, copiously panicled ; pedicels erecto-patent, twice the
calyx. Flowers larger than in the last, bright yellow. Filaments densely woolly near
the base. Pod 3-4-seeded, 3-4 in. by 1 in. broad, without the wing.

** Tubicalyx, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 1081. Calyx shallowly cleft with
the disk extending above the base.

5. BX. sumatranum, W. <$r A. Prodr. 283. Caesalpinia sumatrana,
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 366 ; Wall. Cat. 5831, A, not B and 0.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Malay isles.

Branches thick, rather downy, armed with copious small falcate prickles. Leaves
a foot or more long ; pinnae and leaflets both 8-10, the latter obovate -oblong, rigidly
coriaceous, glabrous, obtuse, 2-3 in. long. Racemes as long as the leaves, forked ;
rachis virgate, woody ; pedicels very short. Calyx glabrous, f-^- in. long, the upper
teeth not more than ^ in. deep, the lowest rather longer, the tube splitting off" at the
insertion of the glabrous filaments. Petals little exserted, reddish-yellow, much nar-
rower than in the other species, permanently imbricated, oblanceolate-spathulate.
Pod thin, 3-4 in. by 1 in., 3-4-seeded, with a moderately broad wing. — The structure
of the flower is so different from that of the other species that it would probably be
better to separate it generically, and place it next to Wagatea.

99. FTEBOLOBIVM, R. Br.

Woody climbers, with the habit of Ccesalpinia, from which they differ only
in pod. Calyx deeply cleft, with the disk near the base, the lobes imbricated,
the lowest longer and more hooded than the others. Petals spreading, oblong
and clawed, equalling the calyx. Stamens 10, free, declinate, little exserted ;
anthers oblong, versatile. Ovary sessile, 1-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma small
terminal. Pod indehi scent, samaroid, with a large horny oblique terminal
wing. — Distrib. Species 4, spread through the Tropics of the old world.

1. *P. indicum, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 246. Caesalpinia lacerans, Roxb.
Fl. Ind. ii. 367. Pterolobium lacerans, Walt. Cat. 5841, A to E ; W. $ A.
Prodr. 283 ; Wt. Icones, t. 196 ; Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2 71 nm*
R. Br. Reichardia hexapetala, Roth ; DC. Prodr. ii. 484.

Western Peninsula .

Branches slender, finely downy ; prickles minute, hooked, uniform. Pinna 8-1 6 ;
leaflets 12-16, close, sessile, oblong, obtuse, membranous, sensitive, §• in. long, glabrous,
pale green. Racemes 2-3 in. long, copiously panicled at the end of the branches ;
pedicels finely downy, spreading, §-£ in. Calyx glabrous, |~ in. ; lowest sepal longest.
Corolla yellow, not showy, as long as the lowest sepal. Pod 1^-1^ in. ; wing f-1 in.
by §-§ in.

Var. 1. microphyllum, Miq. ; Kurz, loc. cit. sp. ; racemes copiously panicled, leaflets
§ in. long, pod 2 in. long with an obtuse or obliquely acute wing I5— 1| in. by A in.-* -
Tenasserim, Heifer. Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Malay isles.

Var. Q. macropterum, Kurz, loc. cit. sp. ; branches stouter, leaflets much larger,
pod 2^-2 f in. long with an obtuse wing 1^-2 in. by f-£ in. — Pegu, Martaban,
Tenasserim.

S2

260 L. LEGUMiNOSiE. (J. G. Baker.) [Poinciana.

100. POINCI ANA, Linn.

Erect unarmed trees. Leaves just those of Cresalpinia. Flowers in corym-
bose racemes. Calyx deeply cleft, with the disk a little above the base, the
segments valvate, oblanceolate, subequal. Petals spreading, subequal, orbicular,
with a claw, the blade crispato-fimbriate. Stamens 10, free, declinate, much
exserted ; anthers oblong, versatile. Ovary subsessile, many-ovuled ; style very
long, filiform, stigma minute capitate. Pod flat, thin, dehiscent, ligulate, con-
tinuous within, the sutures neither thickened nor winged. — Distrib. Species
2-3, Trop. African and Asiatic.

1. P. elata, Linn. ; DC. Pi'odr. ii. 484; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 355; Wall.
Cat. 5812 ; W. fy A. Prodr. 282 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 178 ; Cassalpinia elata,
Swart* Obs. 1.66.

Truly wild; in the Western Peninsula, planted elsewhere. — Distrib. Arabia, W.
Trop. Africa.

An erect tree,. 20-30 ft. high. Leaves £-f ft. long ; pinnae 10-16 ; leaflets 30-40,
membranous, caducous, close, sessile, obtuse, ligulate. Flowers in corymbose
racemes ; pedicels ; and obovoid buds finely grey-downy. Calyx very coriaceous,
|-1 in. long. Petals scarcely exserted, an inch broad, shortly clawed. Filaments
bright red, 3-4 times the length of the calyx, downy near the base. Pod 6-8 in. long
by above an inch,4-8-seeded. — The Mascarene P. regia, Bojer, with petals much
exceeding the calyx, is frequently planted in India.

101. PARK.XNSOCTIA, Linn.

Trees. Leaves with 2-6 pinnae from a very short rachis. Floioers yellow, in
short racemes. Calyx deeply cleft, with a subbasal disk, the divisions subval-
vate, lanceolate, subequal. Petals exserted, broad, the upper with a long claw.
Stamens 10, included, villose ; anthers versatile. Ovary short-stalked, many-
ovuled ; style filiform, stigma terminal. Pod turgid, dry, moniliform, finally
dehiscing. — Distrib. Species 3, of which 2 are American, the other Cape.

1. P. aculeata, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 486; Roxb. Hart. Reny.Sl ; W.
$ A. P-odr. 284; Redd. Fl. Sylv. 91 ; Anal. Gen. t. 13, fig. 2.

Universally cultivated and often naturalised. A native of Tropical America.

A glabrous bush or low tree, armed with sharp woody spines, which represent the
primary rachis of a bvpinnate leaf and have 2-6 pinnae congested in their axils. Pinna
i-1 ft. long, the rachis much flattened, so that when the very minute obtuse oblanceo-
late leaflets have fallen or are not developed they resemble the pbyllodes of an acacia.
Racemes lax, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels long, slender, erecto-patent. Corolla
tender, yellow, f-| in. Pod 3-4 in. long.

102. WAG A TEA, Dalz.

A climbing sbrub. Leaves abruptly bipinnate. Flowers in long simple or
panicled spikes. Calyx cleft about half way down into 5 obtuse teeth, the lowest
the longest and wrapt over the others, the disk high up in the tube. Petals ob-
lanceolate, obtuse, subequal, little exserted. Stamens 10, included, nearly
straight, filaments naked ; anthers oblong. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled ; style
slightly clubbed at the tip, stigma oblique. Pod ligulate-oblong, indehiscent,
few-seeded, subtorulose, with thickened sutures, not winged. — Distrib.
Endemic.

Wagatea."] L. leguminos^e. (J. G. Baker.) 261

1. W. spicata, Dalz. in Kew Journ. iii. 90; Wight Ic. t. 1995 ; Dalz. fy
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 80. Csesalpinia mimosoides, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 5837, non
Lam. 0. ferox, Hohen. PI. Ind. Or. Exs. No. 414, non Hassk.

Hills of Western Peninsula. *?*.

A robust woody pr ckly climber. Leaves f-1 ft. long and broad ; pinnse 8-12;
leaflets 12-14, nearly sessile, oblong, obtuse, or subacute, 1-2 in. lpng, rigidly subcoria-
ceous, glabrous, venulose. Flowers in long simple or panicled dense subspicate
racemes with a thick furrowed woody finely brown-downy axis ; bracts minute, lan-
ceolate-cuspidate. Calyx | in, scarlet. Petals orange. Pod like that of Casalpinia
digyna.

Gleditschia sinensis, Linn. ; Wall. Cat. 5811, is known in India in cultivation
only.

103. CASSIA, Linn.

Erect shrubs or trees, rarely herbs. Leaves simple, abruptly pinnate. Floivers
usually large and showy, in axillary racemes and&terminal panicles. Calyx-
tube very short ; sepals broad or narrow,, imbricated;/ Petals 5, imbricated, sub-
equal, usually broad. Stamens normally 10, but , rarely all perfect, 3-5 being
often reduced to staminodia or altogether absent ;' anthers mostly but not inva-
riably basifixed, dehiscing by terminal pores or with the slit more or less con-
tinued longitudinally. Ovary sessile or stalked, many-ovuled ; style incurved,
stigma terminal. Pod very variable, terete or flat, usualty septate, the albumi-
nous seeds flattened; sometimes parallel with the valves, sometimes with the septa,
dry, dehiscent or ihdehiscent. — Distrib. Species 340, spread everywhere in the
tropics, a few extra-tropical. Monographed by Mr. Bentham in Trans. Linn.
Soc. xxvii. p. 503, t. 60-3.

Sttbgen. 1. Fistula, DC. (Cassia, Roxb.) Sepals obtuse. Stamens all
bearing anthers, of which those of the 2-3 lowest are larger than the others
arid the lilaments longer. Pods very large, terete. Seeds compressed parallel
with the dissepiments. — Trees.

1. C. Fistula, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 490; leaflets 8-16 large narrowed
to the point, flowers in long lax racemes, bracts caducous, petals veined bright
yellow. Roxb. Hort. Peng. 31 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 333 ; Wall. Cat. 5302 ; W. $ A.
Prodr. 285 ; Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 80 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 91. C. rhonibifolia,
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 334 ; Wight. Ic. t. 269.

Central and Eastern Himalayas to Ceylon and Malacca, ascending to 3000 ft.
in Kumaon, wild and often planted. — Distrib. China, Malay isles.

A middle-sized erect tree, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves a foot or more long ;
leaflets 2-6 in. long, ovate, distinctly stalked, usually acute, rigidly subcoriaceous, pale
green, strongly veined. Racemes as long as the leaves ; pedicels spreading, 1^-2 in.
long. Calyx £-£ in., glabrous, caducous. Petals obovate, shortly clawed, f-1 in.
deep. Pod 1-2 ft. long, above an inch thick..

2. C. nodosa, Ham. ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 336 ; branches
slightly downy, leaflets 12-24 moderately large pointed, racemes short corymbose,
bracts persistent, petals moderately large reddish not veined. Wall. Cat. 5331 ;
Wight Ic. t. 410.

Eastern Himalayas and to Malacca. — Distrib. Malay isles, Philippines.

A tree, reaching a hefght of 50 feet. Leaves a foot or more long * leaflets oblongs
acute, distinctly stalked, 2-4 in. long, rather oblique at the base, glossy, subcoriace-
ous, strongly veined, with a few obscure short hairs below. Racemes from the old

262 L. leguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) [Cassia.

branches, dense, under half a foot long; bracts silky, lanceolate, persistent ; pedicels
twice the length of the flower, lower deflexed. Sepals downy, £- ^ in. Petals ob-
long, acute, f-1 in. deep. Pod a ft. long, \ in. thick.

3. C. margin at a, JRoxb. Hort. Beng. 81 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 338 ; branchlets
densely tomentose, leaflets 30-40 small obtuse, racemes short subcorynibose,
bracts persistent, petals smalf reddish not veined. 0. Roxburghii, DC. Prodr.
ii. 489 ; Wall. Cat. 5308 ; W. # A. Prodr. 286 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 180 ; Wight
Must. t. 83.

Ceylon and Western Peninsula.

Branches slender, sulcate. Leaves ^-1 ft. long; leaflets oblong, deeply emarginate,
with a distinct mucro, l-l£ in. long, rigidly subcoriaceous, very oblique, strongly
reined, persistently grey-downy beneath. Flowers in copious short axillary racemes
and terminal panicles; bracts ovate-cuspidate; pedicels under 1 in. long. — Flowers
and pod like that of C. nodosa, but much smaller.

4. C. renigera, Wall. Cat. 5307 ; branches densely pubescent, leaflets
30-40 moderately small obtuse 3-4 times as long as broad, flowers unknown.
Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. 518 ; Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii.
2,71.

Birma ; Taong-dong mountains and banks of the Irrawaddi, Wallich.

Closely allied to C. marginata. Leaves 1 ft. long ; leaflets close, nearly ses- ■
sile, ligulate-oblong, 1^-2 in. long, broadly rounded at both ends, slightly oblique,
rigidly coriaceous, finely grey-downy below ; -stipules oblong, cuspidate, large, mem-
branous, persistent, fastened above the base. Pod 1 foot long, cylindrical, indehiscent,
glabrous.

Sttbgen. 2. Senna (JRoxb. ex parte, as a genus). Sepals obtuse. Perfect
stamens 7, the anthers subequal or those of the 2-3 lowest larger than th
others ; three posterior filaments without anthers. Pods compressed, rareh
terete, the seeds usually flattened parallel with the valves. — Some trees, some
shrubby herbs.

* Leaf with a single large gland placed just above the base of the common

petiole.

5. C. occidentalism Linn.; DC. Prodr. ii. 497; leaflets 6-10 ovate-
oblong. Roxb. Hort. Bmg. 31; W. $ A. Prodr. 290 ; Bot.Reg.t. 83; Dalz.
ty Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 8]. Senna occidentals, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 343. 0. fcetida,
Pevs. Syn. i. 457. 0. Sophera, Wall. Cat,. 5317, ex parte.

Scattered from the Himalayas, to Ceylon, probably introduced. — Distrib. Cos-
mopolitan in the tropics.

A diffuse subglabrous undershrub, a few feet high, usually only of annual dura-
tion. Leaves \ ft. long; leaflets glaucous, foetid, acuminate, 1-3 in. long, glabrous or
finely pubescent. Racemes short -ped uncled, few-flowered, corymbose, axillary and
forming a terminal panicle ; bracts thin, orate-acuminate, caducous ; pedicels spreading,
£-§ in. Sipals obtuse, glabrous, |-i in. Petals \ in. pale lilac, conspicuously veined.
Pod 4-5 in. by ^ in., rather recurved, glabrous, subcompressed, distinctly torulose.
Seeds 15-30.

B.C. Sophera, Linn. ; DC. Prod>\ ii. 492 ; leaflets 12-24 oblong-lanceo-
late. Roxk Hort. Beng. 31 ; Wall. Cat. 5317, ex parte ; W. $ A. Prodr. 287 ;
Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 81. Senna Sophera, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 347. S. escu-
lenta, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 346. Cassia esculenta, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31. 0. chi-
nensis, Jacq. Ic. t. 73. 0. frutescens, Mill. Diet. No. 2. 0. coromandeliana,
Jacq. Fragm. 67, t. 100.— Rheede Hort. Mai. ii. t. 52.

Ca$sia.~\ l. leguminosje. (J. Gr. Baker.) 263

Himalayas to Ceylon and Penang. — Distrib. Cosmopolitan in the tropics, pro-
bably native in Asia only.

Closely allied to C. occidentalism from which it differs by its more shrubby habit,
more numerous smaller narrower leaflets and shorter broader more turgid pods, which
are not usually torulose when mature.

Var. purpurea ; Eoxb. Hort. Beng. 31, sp. ; leaflets smaller more obtuse not more
than 1 in. long, branches slender purple. C. purpurea, Bot. Beg. t. 856. Senna pur-
purea, Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 342.

** Leaf furnished with glands on the main raehis between the leaflets. "

7. C. Tora, Linn, ; DC. Prodr. ii. 493 ; glabrous, leaflets 6 obovate-oblong,
perfect stamens subdual, pod very long slender subtetragonous, seeds uniseriate.
Bo.b. Hurt. Beng. 31 ; Wall. Cat. 5316; W. # A. Prodr. 290; Dalz. $ Gibs.
Bcniih. F/. 81. Henna Tora and toroides, Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 340. C. obtusifolia,
Linn. Sp. Plant. 539. 0. foetida, Salisb. Prod. 326. 0. hvunilis and gallinaria,
(Mad. Hist. 96. C. toroides, Roxb. Hort. Beng. Sl.—Rheede Hort. Mai. ii.
t. 53.

Universally spread through our limits in a truly wild state, ascending to 5000 ft.
in the Central Himalayas.— Distrib. Cosmopolitan in the tropics.

An annual weed, growing up into an undershrub. Leaves distinctly petioled ;
leaflets 1-1^ in., glaucous, membranous, glabrous ; stipules large, linear-subulate, cadu-
cous. Flowers usually in nearly sessile pairs in the axils of the leaves, the upper
crowded. Corolla small, bright yellow. Pods \-% ft. by \ in., membranous, the sutures
very broad, the seeds flattened in the same direction as the pod.

G. bicapstxlaris, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 494 ; glabrous, leaflets 6-8, stamens
very unequal, pod thick terete, seeds biseriate. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31 ; Wall.
Cat. 5313 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 286. Senna bicapsularis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 342.

A native of Tropical America, not unfrequently introduced.

A shrub, with virgate woody branches. Leaves distinctly petioled ; leaflets green,
membranous, obtuse, §— ^ in. ; stipules small, subulate, caducous. Bacemes copious,
corymbose, as long as the leaves. Flowers middle-sized, bright yellow. Pods mem-
branous, curved, sausage-shaped, £ ft. long, ^ in. thick, the sutures very narrow.

0. tomentosa, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 496 ; densely pubescent, leaflets 12-16,
stipules narrow caducous, pod narrow turgid manv-seeded. W. <§r A. Prodr. 286.
0. AVightiana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5329.

A native of Trop. America, introduced in the Nilghiris and Ceylon.

A tall shrub, with the branches and leaves beneath densely matted with grey to-
mentum. Leaves short-petioled, 3-4 in. long; leaflets oblong, obtuse, oblique at the
base. Flowers bright -yellow, middle-sized, in copious distinctly peduncled corymbose
racemes. Lower anthers much larger than the others. Pod linear, membranous,
4-5 in. long, finely downy. — C. tomentosa, Wall. Cat. 5304 is C. kirsvta, Linn., a
totally different species, also a native of Tropical America.

8. C. auriculata, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 496 ; finely downy, leaflets
16-24, stipules broad persistent, pod thin broad few-seeded. Roxb. Hort.
Beng. 31 ; Wall. Cat. 5303 ; W. f A. Prodr. 290; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 81.
Senna auriculata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 349.

Wild in the Central provinces, the Western Peninsula and Ceylon ; often
planted elsewhere.

A tall shrub, with the virgate branches and underside of the leaves finely grey-
downy. Leaves nearly sessile, 3-4 in. long; leaflets obovate-oblong, rigidly subcoria-
ceous. f-1 in., obtuse or emarginate, with a mucro ; stipules large and foliaceous.

264 l. leguminosjE. (J. G. Baker.) [Cassia.

Flowers very large and showy, an inch deep, bright yellow, in copious corymbose ra-
cemes. Pod 4-5 in. long by £— £ in., straight, ligulate, glabrous, flexible, dark brown,
with a distinct space betweenthe uniseriate seeds.

*** Leaf-rachis without glands.

9. C. obovata, Collad: Hist. Cass. 92, t. 15, A; stipules lanceolate'
persistent, leaflets 8-12, racemes narrow, pod flat oblong much recurved with a
crest on the middle of the valve opposite each seed. Wall. Cat. 5319 ; Boiss. Fl.
OHent. ii. 631. C. Senna/ZeVm. Sp. Plant. 539, ex parte. 0. obtusa, Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 31 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 288 ; Wight. Ic. t, 757. Senna obtusa, Roxb.
Fl. Pnd. ii. 344. 0. Burmanni, Wight in Madras Journ. vi. t. 5.

Punjab, Scinde, Western Peninsula. — Distbib. Arabia, Egypt, Abyssinia.

Subglabrous, scarcely shrubby, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves distinctly petioled, 2-3 in.
long ; leaflets obovate- oblong, membranous, very glaucous, obtuse, with a minute
mucro, £-l£ in. Racemes distinctly peduncled, equalling or exceeding the leaves ;
pedicels very short. Sepals glabrous, very obtuse. Corolla, middle-sized, pale yellow.
Stamens very unequal. Pod, thin, glabrous, flexible, l-l£ in. by |- 1 in, short-stalked,
narrowed suddenly at both ends, 6-12-seeded; sutures very thin. — C. angustifolia,
Vahl. (C. lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 5318, Royle III. t. 37, W. $ A. Prodr. 288; Senna
officinalis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 346), with 10-16 oblong-lanceolate acute leaflets and

«?<irly straight oblong pods without crests, is a native of Tropical Africa and has no
aim to be considered indigenous in India.
♦

10. C. alata, Linn.; DC. Prodr. ii. 492; stipules deltoid persistent,
leaflets 16-28 large, racemes narrow, pod long ligulate with a broad wing down
the middle of each valve. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31 ; Wall. Cat. 5301 ; W. $ A.
Prodr. 287 ; Wight Ic. t. 253. Senna alata, Roxb. Fl. Ind, ii. 349. C. brac-
teata, Linn.Jil. ; DC. loc. cit. C.'herpetica, Jacq. Obs. ii. 24, t. 45, fig. 2.

Lower Bengal, Western Peninsula, Birma and Malacca. — Distrib. Cosmo-
politan in the tropics,

A shrub, with very thick finely downy branches. Leaves subsessile, 1-2 ft. long ;
leaflets oblong, obtuse, 2-6 in. long, minutely mucronate, rigidly subcoriaceous, gla-
brous or obscurely downy beneath, broadly rounded, oblique at the base ; rachis nar-
rowly winged on each side of the face. Racemes peduncled, ^-1 ft. ; bracts large, mem-
branous, caducous. Corolla yellow, very distinctly veined. Stamens very unequal.
Pod membranous, dehiscent, straight, glabrous, 4-8 in. by ^-f in. Seeds 50 or more.

.1,1. C. siamea, Lam. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 499; stipules minute caducous,
leaflets ]2-28 with a minute mucro, racemes corymbose forming a long end
panicle, pod ligulate flat not winged, the sutures slightly thickened. C. florida,
Vahl 5 De. Prodr. "ii. 499 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 288 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 179. O.
sumatrana, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 506; Wall. Cat. 5305. Senna
sumatrana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 347.

Western Peninsula, Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula and Siam. — Distrib. Malay
isles.

A low tree, with virgate finely grey-downy terete branchlets. Leaves \-\ ft. ;
leaflets oblong, glaucous, subcoriaceous, epiarginate, strongly veined, subglabrous, dis-
tinctly stalked, 2-3 in. long. Corymbs crowded, both axillary and in a terminal
panicle £-1 ft. long, with grey-pubescent branches. Sepals downy, very obtuse.
Petals middle-sized, bright yellow, not veined. Stamens subequal. Pod nearly
straight, flat, distinctly stalked, 6-9 in. by £ in., firmer in texture and with thicker
sutures than in the two next.

12. C. montana, Heyne; DC. Prodr. ii. 499; stipules minute caducous,
leaflets 20-30 with a large mucro, racemes corymbose forming a long end pa-

Cassia.] L. leguminosvE. (J. G. Baker.) 265

nicle, pod ligulate thin flat not winged, with thin sutures. W. § A. Prodr.
289 ; Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 81. C. setigera, DC. Prodr. loc. cit. ; Wall. Cat.
5330.

Hills of the Western Peninsula.

A shrub, -with slender glabrous obscurely downy virgate branchlets. Leaves peti-
oled, 4-6 in. ; leaflets membranous, firm, oblong, obtuse, glabrous, glaucous, l-l| in.
long, tipped with a conspicuous bristle. Corymbs copious, both axillary and forming long
end panicles. Sepals obtuse, glabrous. Corolla yellow, middle-sized, not veined.
Stamens subequal. Pod stalked, nearly straight, 3-5 in. by ^-| in., glossy, brown,
12-20-seeded.

13. C. timoriensis, DC. Prodr. ii. 499; stipules persistent foliaceous,
leaflets 20-24 with a minute mucro, racemes corymbose forming a long end
panicle, pod ligulate thin flat not winged, the sutures thin. C. palmata, Wall.
Cat. 5306.

Birma, Martaban, Tenasserim, Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay isles, Philippines, N.
Australia.

A low tree, with slender finely downy branches. Leaves £- f ft , distinctly petioled ;
leaflets oblong, obtuse, 1-2 in., membranous, pale green, finely downy below. Sepals
downy, very obtuse. Corolla bright yellow, middle-sized, slightly veined. Pod
straight, thin, glossy, flexible, dehiscent, 5-6 in. by £-$ in., distinctly stalked, 12-20-
seeded.

SuBGEtf. 3. Psilorheg-ma, Vogel. Like the last, but all the ten stamens
perfect, with subequal anthers.

1 4. C. grlauca, Lam. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 495 ; Wall. Cat. 5312 ; W. $ A.
Prodr. 888 : Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 91. C. surattensis, Burm. Fl. Ind, 97. 0. arbo-
reseeus, Void Sy*nb, ni^56; Itoxb. Hort. Beng. 31. 0. fastigiata, Vahl Symb.
iii. 67 ; W. <Sr A. Prodr. 290. Senna arborescens, Roxb. Fl. Did. ii. 345.

Himalayas to Ceylon and Malacca. — Distrib. Malay isles, Trop. Australia,
Polynesia.

A tall tree, with glabrous terete branchlets. Leaves distinctly petioled, ^-f ft. ;
leaflets ovate, acute or subobtuse, 2-4 in. long, subcoriaceous, very glaucous ; rachis
with conspicuous glands between the lower, rarely {C. fastigiata, Vahl), between all the
leaves ; stipules narrow, caducous. Racemes corymbose, not panicled. Sepals large,
obtuse. Flowers large, bright yellow. Pod flat, thin, strap-shaped, glabrous, 6-8 in.
long, £-| in. broad, distinctly stalked, 20-30-seeded.

Var. suffruticosa, Koenig; DC. Prodr. ii. 496, sp. ; leaflets 16-18 smaller more
numerous obtuse 1-2 in. long, flowers .and pods much smaller, the latter not more
than 3-4 in. long 10-12-seeded. C. suffruticosa, Wall. Cat. 5311 ; W. Sc A. Prodr.
289. C. speciosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31. Senna speciosa; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 347. C.
Horsfieldii, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 99. — Distribution of the type.

Stjbgen. 4. Lasiorheg-ma, Benth. Sepals narrow. Stamens 5-10, all
perfect. Pod small, strap-shaped, flat, dehiscent, the seeds compressed parallel
writh the valves. — Diffuse low slender annual or perennial herbs.

* Leaflets 4, large, membranous.

15. C. Absus, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 500; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31 ; Wall.
Cat. 5314; W. § A. Prodr. 291. 0. exigua, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31. Senna
Absus, Roxb. FL Lnd. ii. 340. S. exigua, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 339. 0. coccinea,
Wall. Cat. 5315.

Foot of the Western Himalayas to Ceylon. — Distrib. Everywhere in the tropics
of old world.

266 L. leguminos^j. (J. G. Baker.) [Cassia.

An erect annual, 1-2 ft. high, with stem and leaves clothed with grey bristly vis-
cose hairs. Leaves long-petioled ; leaflets oblong, very oblique, 1-2 in. long, obtuse
or subacute : stipules small, linear, persistent. Racemes narrow, equalling or exceed-
ing the leaves. Sepals lanceolate, bristly, £— in. Corolla reddish-yellow, very small.
Pod oblique, ligulate, 1-1^ in. long, 5-6-seeded, the thin valves beset with grey bristly
hairs.

** Lea/lets very numerous, close, small, narrow, rigidly subcoriaceous (Mimo-
soideae). ,

16. C. pumila, Lam. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 504; gland of petiole stipitate,
stamens 5, seeds 6-12. Wall. Cat. 5327; W. 8f A. Prodr. 292. 0. prostrata,
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32 ; Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 82. Senna prostrata, Boxb. Fl.
Ind. ii: 352.

From the Himalayas (ascending to 6-7000 ft.) to Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay
isles, Trop. Australia.

A low very diffuse shrub, with slender finely downy branches. Leaf 1-2 in. long ;
leaflets 20-40, |-4 in. long, distinctly mucronate, the midrib close to the upper border ;
stipules linear, rigid, persistent. Flowers usually solitary in the axils of the leaves,
on very short pedicels. Sepals £ in. Corolla little exserted. Anthers 5 equal. Pod
3J- 1^ in. by ^-£ in. — Probably this and the next are mere varieties of C. mimo-

17. C. Kleinii, W. # A. Prodr. 293 ; gland of petiole stipitate, stamens
10, seeds 10-15. 0. dimidiata, Klein; Wall. Cat. 5328, not Don.

Western Peninsula and Ceylon.— Distrib. Java.

Very like C. pumila,Jmt more robust, the branches thinly or densely pilose.
Leaflets 20-40, reduced ^8-12 on the lowest leaves, §-£ in. long, rigidly coriaceous,
strongly veined, with a distinct oblique mucro, the midrib close to the upper border.
Flowers 1-3 together in the axils of the leaves, on downy bracteate pedicels. Calyx
\ ~j in. Petals
ish, glabrescent.

18. C. mimosoides, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 505 ; gland of petiole
sessile, stamens 10 rarely 5, seeds 10-20. C. angustissima, Lam. ; DC. Prodr.
loc/cit. ; W. $ A. Prodr. 292. 0. Roxburghiana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5323.
O. amcena, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5321. C. sensitiva and tenella, Boxb. Hort. Beng.
32. Senna sensitiva and tenella, Boxb. Fl. Ind. 353-4.

Himalayas, ascending to 5-6000 ft. in Klmaon and Khasia, to Ceylon and Ma-
lacca.— Distrib. Cosmopolitan in Tropics.

A low diffuse perennial, with slender shrubby finely downy branches. Leaves
1-3 in. long, with a solitary sessile gland on the rachis below the leaflets ; leaflets
60-100, linear, rigidly coriaceous, £-£ in. long, obliquely mucronate, with the midrib
.close to the upper border; stipules large, linear-subulate, persistent. Flowers 1-2 toge-
ther in the axils of the leaves on short pedicels. Sepals ^-\ in., lanceolate-acuminate,
bristly. Corolla little exserted. Stamens 10, alternately longer and shorter, Pod
/'strap-shaped, flat, dehiscent, 1^—2 in. by £ in, nearly straight, glabrescent or finely
downy ; septa more or less oblique.

Var. 1. dimidiata ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32, sp. ; leaves and flowers of the type but
the stamens 5 only. Senna dimidiata, Buck, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 352. — Himalayas.

Var. 2. Wallichidfta ; DC. Prodr. ii. 505, sp. ; finely downy, leaflets larger J-£ in.
long and ltss rigid, flowers larger ±-^ in. long. Wall. Cat. 5320 ; W. §• A. Prodr.
292. C. Leschenaultii, Wall. Cat. 5325. C. myriophylla, Wall. Cat. 5326. C.
Telfairiana, Wall. Cat. 5324 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5874.— Distribution of the type.

Var. 3. auricoma ; Grab, in Wall. Cat. 5322, sp. ; flowers and leaves of the last,
but the branches densely clothed with fine spreading hairs.

Cassia.} l. leguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) 267

DOTTBTFUX SPECIES.

C. jayanica, Linn.; DC. Prodr. ii. 490, Wall. Cat. 5309 (C. Bacillus, Gaertn. ;
Ropeb. Fl. Ind. ii. 337- Wt. Icones, t. 252) differs from C. nodosa by its smaller and
more obtuse leaflets. It is sometimes cultivated within our limits and is wild in the
Malay isles. A plant gathered by Griffith near Prome is either a variety with leaflets
densely pubescent beneath or a new species. The inflorescence of both this and the
Malay plant corresponds with that of C. nodosa.

104. CYNOMETRA, Linn.

Erect unarmed trees. Leaves with few coriaceous odd-pinnate leaflets.
Flowers copious, minute, in axillary corymbs or racemes. Cal x with a very
short tube and subbasal disk ; divisions 4-5, oblong, imbricated. Petals 5,
oblanceolate, equal, not exserted. Stamens 10, or in C. polyandra indefinite,
filaments erect, free, filiform, exserted ; anthers small, oblong, versatile, dehis-
cing longitudinally. Ovary sessile or short-stalked, 2-ovuled ; style filiform,
stigma capitate. Pod turgid, oblique-oblong, with very thick indehiscent
usually rugose tough somewhat fleshy valves. Seed exalbuminous, central,
filling" up the cavity. — Distkib. Species 20, spread everywhere in the tropics.

Stjbgen. 1. Eucynometra. Stamens 10.

1. C. ramiflora, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 509 ; leaflets 2-4, racemes
usually solitary corymbose axillary from the branchlets, pod turgid rugose.
W. f A. Prodr. 293 ; JDalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 83 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 315. O.
cauliflora, Wall. Cat. 5816, ex parte.

Western Peninsula and Ceylon.— Distrib. Malay isles, Philippines, N. Aus-
tralia.

Leaflets 1 -jugate and 2-jugate mixed or often all 1 -jugate, subsessile, if 2-jugate
(var. heterophylla, Thwaites) the upper muck the largest, oblong, subacute very
oblique, 3-6 in. long ; petiole A-l^ in. Racemes few-flowered, corymbose, sessile
from the axils of the leaves of the branchlets, with the primary axis not produced,
rarely geminate ; outer scales ovate, £-£ in. ; pedicels \-^ in. Sepals £ in. Pods
turgid, very rugose, f-1 in. long, subsessile.

Var. mimosoides, Wall. Cat. 5817, sp. ; leaflets all bijugate not so unequal as in
the bijugate form of the type much smaller 1-3 in. long more obtuse and thicker,
flowers and pod smaller, the latter pointed and very deeply wrinkled. C. bijuga,
Spanog. ; Mia. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 78. — Western Peninsula, Pegu, Tenasserim.

2. C. travancorica, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 316 ; leaflets 2, flowers in sessile
corymbs from the branchlets, pod flat smooth.

South Travancore and in the Carnatic near Tinnevelly, alt. 2-4000 ft., Beddome.

Petioles |— £ in. ; leaflets always unijugate, oblique oblong-lanceolate, subacute,
glabrous, 2-3 in. long. Racemes solitary, copious, rounded, few-flowered, with the
central axis not at all produced ; bracts ^ in., deltoid ; pedicels erecto-patent, £-£ in.
Sepals £ in., finally reflexed. Filaments twice the length of the sepals. Pod flat,
smooth, firm, semicircular, sessile, I-I5- in. long.

3. C. inaequifolia, A. Gray Bot. U.S. Fxpl. Fxpedit. 473 ; leaflets
4-6, flowers in very dense oblong sessile solitary or geminate racemes from the
branchlets, pod flat smooth.

Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Philippines, Cuming, 1297-

Leaflets subcoriaceous, rigid, glabrous, oblique, obovate-oblong, subequal, in our
specimens 2-3 in. long. Flowers in very dense oblong sessile cone-like racemes, 1^-2
in. long, the central axis produced ; outer bracts round-cordate, obtuse, £ in. ; pedicels

268 L. leguminosjE. (J. G. Baker.) [Cynometra.

erecto-patent, A-£ in. Sepals £ in., permanently ascending. Filaments twice the
calyx. Pod \ in. thick, woody, oblique obovoid, 2-2\ in. long, not at all wrinkled. —
Col. Beddome has found a plant in South Canara with 3 pairs of leaflets and similar
bracts, of which the flowers are not yet known.

4. C. cauliflora, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 509 ; leaflets usually 2, flowers
in dense sessile congested racemes from thick branches with the axis produced,
pod turgid wrinkled. Roxb. Hort. Benq. 32 ; Wall. Cat. 5816, ex parte ;
W. 8r A. Prodr. 293 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 315 {analysis).

Western Peninsula, Ceylon, Malacca. — Distbib. Malay isles.

Branchlets slender, glabrous. Petioles very short ; leaflets very rarely bijugate,
and if so very unequal, rigidly coriaceous, sessile, glossy, obovate, very oblique
obtuse or subacute, 3-6 in. long. Racemes congested in dense rounded masses, not
more than an inch long, the central axis of each produced, the short erecto-patent
pedicels subtended by small roundish spreading persistent bracts. Calyx £ in. Pod
like that of C. ramiflora, oblique oblong, very turgid, 1-1 £ in. long.

Sttbgen. 2. Fseudocynometra, W. fy A. Stamens indefinite.

5. C. polyandra, Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. t. 286 ; Hort. Beng. 32; Fl. Ind.
ii. 372 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 509 ; Wall. Cat. 5815 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 294.

IVHASIA, SlLHET, PENANG, MALACCA.

Branchlets slender, glabrous. Leaves nearly sessile, £-f ft. ; leaflets 4-6, usually
the latter, sessile, oblique-oblong or obovate, 2-4 in. long, rigidly subcoriaceous,
acute or subobtuse, glossy. Flowers in dense corymbs, sessile in the axils of the
leaves of the branchlets ; pedicels downy, £-1 in. Sepals f in., reflexed. Stamens
40-60, much exserted. Pod oblique oblong, smooth, woody, 2 in. long.

105. SINDOHA, Miquel.

Unarmed trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate; leaflets few. Flowers small,
panicled. Calyx with a very short tube and basal disk ; segments 4, valvate, the
two upper being connate. Petal one, the same size and shape as the upper lip
of the calyx. Statnens 10, the upper one free from the others, shorter and
anantherous, the rest declinate, shortly monadelphous, unequal, the upper
longest, exserted ; anthers oblong, versatile, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary
2-ovuled, short-stalked ; stigma long, filiform, circinate, stigma minute ter-
minal. Pod like that of Guilandina, oblique, round-oblong, dehiscent, the flat,
hard valves armed all over the face with straight large firm prickles. — Distrib.
Another species or variety in Sumatra.

1. S. "Wallichii, Benth. in Hook. Ic. t. 1017-8 ; branchlets and leaves
below shortly tomentose, leaflets 4-6, bracts persistent, calyx prickly. Guilan-
dina Wallichiana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5805. Echinocalyx, Benth. Gen. Plant.
684, 1003.

Sincapobe, Wallich; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.

A small erect unarmed tree, with branches clothed with short brown pubescence.
Leaflets rigidly coriaceous, 2-3 in. long, subobtuse, oblong, glossy above, closely
pubescent beneath. Panicles dense, axillary and terminal ; bracts cordate, roundish}
spreading or reflexed ; pedicels nearly as long as the calyx. Calyx ^ in., brown-
downy, the sepals armed towards the tip with large firm prickles. Pod glabrous,
sublignose, 2-3 in. long.

Vab. 1. siamensis, Teysm., sp. ; leaflets 6 obovate distinctly emarginate larger
thinner strongly veined the end one 3-4 in. long. — Siam, Teysmann.

Vab. 2. intermedia, Baker; leaflets 6-8 smaller more acute, flowers smaller,
and receding towards the next by its shorter pedicels, caducous bracts, calyx without
prickles and more densely velvety sepals and branches. — Malacca, Maingay.

Sindora.'] l. leguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) 2G9

2. S. velutina, Baker ; branchlets and leaves below densely tomentose,
leaflets 10-12, bracts caducous, calyx not prickly.

Malacca, Dr. Maingay.

Leaves £-f ft. Pubescence of branchlets calyx and underside of leaves much
longer and more dense than in the last, bright brown. Leaflets 3-3£ in. long, oblong,
subacute, very thick and rigid. Pedicels very short. Buds £ in. long. Ovary and
lower part of filaments more densely pubescent than in the last. Pod not seen.

106. DIALIUBX, Linn.

Erect unarmed trees. Leaves odd-pinnate, with alternate leaflets. Flowers
copious, small, obscure, in ample terminal panicles. Calyx-tube very short ;
sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, subequal, much imbricated. Petals 0.
Stamens 2, erect, included ; anthers dehiscing longitudinally, attached near the
base. Ovary sessile, 2-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma terminal. Pod firm, dry,
indehiscent, oblong, 1-seeded ; endocarp pulpy. Seed albuminous. — Distrib.
Species about 10, cosmopolitan in the tropics.

* Sepals oblong-lanceolate, not more than ~ in. broad.

1. X>. ovoideum, Thwaites Enum. 97; leaflets 3-5 the end one cuneate
at the base, branches of the panicle ascending, pedicels nearly as long as the
calyx, pod brown- velvety. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 181.

Ceylon, districts north of Kandy, Thwaites.

A tall tree. Leaflets conspicuously alternate, rigidly subcoriaceous, thinner than
in the following, glabrous on both sides, strongly veined, not glossy above, 2-4 in. long,
subobtuse, narrowed gradually from the middle to both ends ; petiolules ^-\ in.
Panicle ample, with slender finely grey- downy branches. Bud lanceolate, i in. long.
Sepals subpetaloid, lanceolate, under ~ in. broad, thinly grey -downy. Filament
nearly as long as the anther in the developed flower. Pod ovoid, slightly compressed,
^-f in. long, eatable, with an agreeable acid flavour; seeds round, compressed,
shining, yellow or reddish-brown. — Closely allied to the Javan D. indum, Linn.
(Bennett PL Jav. Ear. t. 30), which is not known within our limits, and differs by
its oblong buds and shorter filaments and petiolules.

2. Z>. l*Xaing*ayi, Baker; leaflets 9 rounded at the base, branches of
the panicle ascending, pedicels short, pod brown-velvety.

Sincapoee, Dr. Maingay.

Leaflets more crowded on the rachis than in the last, distinctly alternate, oblong-
cuspidate, glabrous, 3-4 in. long, rigidly coriaceous, glossy above, dull and paler
below ; petiolules £— £ in. Panicle ample, close, with rigidly erecto-patent main
branches, the lowest springing from the axils of the upper leaf; pedicels ascending,
not more than half as long as the calyx. Sepals £ in., oblong-lanceolate, thinly
coated on the back with grey-brown pubescence. Filaments much shorter than the
anthers. Pod obovoid, 1 in. long, firm, persistently brown-velvety.

3. D. laurinum, Baker ; leaflets 7 rounded at the base, branches of the
panicle ascending, pedicels short, pod not velvety.

Malacca, Dr. Maingay.

Leaflets oblong, broadly rounded at the base, narrowed suddenly to a subobtuse point,
4-5 in. long, rigidly coriaceous, glossy above, glabrous, opaque, strongly veined beneath ;
petiolules \-^ in. Panicles axillary and terminal; pedicels very short, ascending.
Bud ovoid-oblong, £ in. long. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, densely grey-downy on the
back. Filaments very short. Pod roundish, 1 in. deep, fragile, black, thinly coated
with greyish-brown down. Seed as large as a bean.

270 L. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) [Dialium.

4. D. patens, Baker; leaflets 3-5 rounded at the base, branches of the
panicle spreading, pedicels as long as the calyx, pod not velvety.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.

Leaflets opposite or subopposite, oblong, rigidly coriaceous or subcoriaceous,
glabrous, 3-5 in. long, obtusely pointed, finely veined, rather glossy ; petiolules
£-£ in. Panicles both axillary and terminal, ample, flexuose with the distant main
branches spreading or even sometimes decurved ; pedicels ascending, spreading or
cernuous. Bud £ in., ovoid-oblong. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, subpetaloid, thinly
grey-downy. Filaments very short. Pod 1 in. long, round-oblong, firm, black,
thinly coated with grey-brown down ; seed oblong, £-f in. long.

** Sepals ovate-lanceolate £-£ in. broad.

5. D. platysepalum, Baker.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.

Leaflets 5-7, distant, conspicuously alternate, oblong, pointed, 4-6 in. long,
rounded or the end one subcuneate at the base, rigidly coriaceous, rather glossy
above, finely veined beneath, with a persistent coating of bright yellowish-brown
silky pubescence; petiolules \ in. Panicles ample, deltoid, moderately close, ter-
minal and axillary, the branches clothed with fine brown silky pubescence, the
main ones erecto-patent ; pedicels ascending or cernuous, much shorter than the
calyx. Bud ovoid, under ^ in. long. Sepals leathery, densely brown-velvety on
the" back, reflexed when the flower is fully expanded. Filaments thick and fleshy,
nearly as long as the anthers. Pod round-oblong, f-f in. long, hard, persistently
brown -velvety. Seeds oblong, compressed, glossy, chestnut-brown.

Var. Wa'llichii, Baker ; leaflets 9-1 1 closer smaller oblong-lanceolate acuminate,
the upper 2-2J in. long, petiolules shorter. " Connaracea ? " Wall: Cat. 8534. —
Sincapore, Wallich. Malacca, Maingay.

107. HARDWICKXA, Eoxb.

Unarmed trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate, with few leaflets. Flowers very
abundant, minute, panicled. Calyx with scarcely any tube and a subbasal
disk ; sepals usually 5, rarely 4, oblong, imbricated, subpetaloid, persistent.
Corolla 0. Stamens twice the sepals in number, included or exserted ;
filaments filiform ; anthers versatile, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary sessile,
2-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma capitate. Pod subindehiscent, dry, with only
the upper ovule perfected ; seeds exalbuminous. — Distrib. One other species,
Trop. African.

1. H. bin at a, Jtoxb. Cor. PI. iii. 6, t. 209 ; leaflets 2 sessile oblique
flabellately veined, stamens included, stigma large peltate, racemes few-
flowered, pod strap-shaped thin with the seed at the tip. JRoxb. Fl. Ind. ii.
423 : DC. Prodr. ii. 487 ; Wall. Cat. 5808 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 284 ; Dalz. $
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 83 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 26.

Behar and Western Pentnsttla, ascending to 3500 ft.
> A tree 100 feet high, with slender glabrous branches. Leaflets like those of a
Bavhinia, oblique, ovate-trapezoid, 1-3 in. long, obtuse or subacute, with 4-5 ribs
radiating from the base. Panicles axillary and terminal ; pedicels as long as the
calyx, not bracteolate. Sepals oblong, obtuse, under £ in. long. Pod like that of
Spatholobus, thin, flexible, 2-3 in. long.

2. K. pinnata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 425 ; leaflets 4-6 alternate petiolulate
not oblique, stamens exserted, stigma minute, racemes dense narrow, pod
obovoid or oblong nearlv or quite filled up by the seed. Wall. Cat. 5807 ;
DC. Prodr. ii. 487; W. $ A. Prodr. 284; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 255.

Crudia.~\ L. LEGUMiNOSiE. (J. G. Baker.) 271

Ghauts of Canaba, Teavancobe and the Cabnatic.

Leaflets oblong, rigidly coriaceous, acute, 2-4 in. long, venulose, the upper of the
uppermost pair sometimes apparently terminal ; midrib central, veining pinnate ;
petiolules £-j in. Panicles copious, axillary and terminal, formed of dense slender
cylindrical racemes ; pedicels spreading, -^ ^ in. Calyx broadly campanulate, under
i in. long, with a pair of minute adpressed bracteoles. Filaments twice as long as
the sepals. Pod turgid, l|-2 in. long, rigid, sublignose, not at all oblique.

108. CRUDIA, Schreb.

Glabrous shrubs or»trees. Leaves odd-pinnate,* with conspicuously alternate
leaflets. Flowers in terminal or lateral racemes. Calyx- tube very short, with
the disk nearly basal; segments 4, oblong, imbricated, persistent, reflexed.
Petals 0. Stamens 10, exserted, filaments free, filiform ; anthers oblong,
versatile, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary stalked, few-ovuled ; style filiform,
stigma terminal capitate. Pod flat, rigidly coriaceous, 2-valved. Seeds exal-
buminous. — Distrib. Species 10, one African, the rest Trop. American.

1. C. zeylanica, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 314 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
t. 190. Detarium zeylanicum, Thwaites Enum. 414.

Ceylon, near Caltura, Thwaites.

A tall tree, with slender glabrous branchlets. Leaflets 3-5, oblong, short-stalked,
rigidly subcoriaceous, rather oblique, obtusely pointed, bright green above, paler
beneath, strongly veined. Racemes dense, terminal, on short branches, as long as or
shorter than the leaves; pedicels reflexed, finally ^ in., equalling the reflexed coria-
ceous sepals. Ovary distinctly stalked, oblique-oblong, densely clothed with pale
brown tomentum. Ovules 3-4. Pod not seen.

109. SARACA, Linn.

Erect trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate, glabrous, rigidly coriaceous. Floioers
in dense sessile corymbose axillary panicles, with subpetaloid reddish brac-
teoles. Calyx with the disk at the summit of a cylindrical tube ; divisions 4,
oblong, unequal, subpetaloid. Corolla 0. Stamens 3-8, exserted with long
filiform filaments, and oblong versatile anthers opening longitudinally. Ovary
many-ovuled with a stalk produced beyond the disk ; style long, filiform, stigma
minute capitate. Pod flat, dehiscent, rigidly coriaceous. Seeds exalbuminous. —
Distrib. Species 6, restricted to India and Malaya.

1. S. indie a, Linn. Mant. 98; leaflets 6-12, petiolules short, bracteoles
persistent ascending, sepals about half as long as the calyx-tube, stamens
usually 7. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 57. S. arborescens, Burm. Fl. Lnd. 85, t. 25,
fig. 2. S. minor and Zollingeriana, Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. 84. Jonesia Asoca,
Roxb. Fl. Lnd. ii. 218 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 487 ; Wall. Cat. 5822 ; W. # A. Prodr.
284; Wight Lc. t. 206; Bot. Mag. t. 3018; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 82.
J. pinnata, Willd. Sp. PL ii. 2S7.—Rheede Hart. Mai. v. t. 59.

From the Centbal and Eastebn Himalayas, ascending to 2000 feet in Kumaon,
Ceylon and Malacca. — Distbib. Malay isles.

A low erect tree. Leaves sessile or subsessile ; leaflets oblong or oblong- lanceo-
late, acute or obtuse, 3-9 in. long rigidly subcoriaceous. Corymbs dense, 3-4 in.
broad ; pedicels stout, \~\ in. long, below the oblong-spathulate ascending amplexi-
caul bracteoles. Sepals \-^ in., obovate-oblong. Filaments three times as long as

* Wrongly given as equally pinnate in the Key.

272 l. leguminosji. (J. Gr. Baker.) [Saraca.

the sepals. Pod 4-10 in. by l£-2 in., like that of a MiUettia, 4-8-seeded. Seeds
oblong, compressed, 1^ in. long.

2. S. cauliflora, Baker-, leaflets 10-12, petiolules long, bracteoles 0,
corymbs dense from thick old branches, sepals half as long as the calyx-tube,
stamens about 7.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.

Petiolules .£ in. long ; leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous, strongly veined ; upper
oblanceolate-oblong, acute, a foot or more long; lower shorter, more oblong.
Corymbs solitary or geminate, nearly sessile, ample, dense, 4-6 in. broad ; main
branches stout, woody ; pedicels of lower flowers disarticulated at the base before the
upper expand ; bracteoles none to be seen in the specimens. Flowers the same size
as in the last, but the tube and pedicels more slender. — Closely approaches the
Malayan S. declinata, Miquel, in habit, foliage and inflorescence, but that has only 4
stamens.

3. S. Lobbiana, Baker) leaflets 10-12, petiolules short, bracteoles
large caducous, corymbs sparse from young slender branches, sepals half as long
as the calyx-tube, stamens 7-8.

Martaban ; foot of Mount Kola, Moulmein, Lobb.

A tree 40 feet high. Petiolules \ in. ; leaflets thinner than in the two last,
oblanceolate-oblong, subacute, ^—1 ft. long. Corymbs solitary from leafless slender
branches, with only a few erecto-patent branches ; bracteoles f-^ in., oblong-spathu-
late, navicular, amplexicaul, falling before the flowers expand. ~ Sepals oblong, £ in.
deep. Stamens twice as long as the sepals. Flowers yellow, turning to reddish.

4. S. triandra, Baker-, leaflets 4r-8, petiolules short, bracteoles spreading
persistent, stamens 3-4. Jonesia triandra, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 220. J. scandens,
Roxb. loc. cit. ?

Tenasserim, Malacca. — Distrib. Siam, Sumatra.

Petiolules ^-\ in. ; leaflets oblanceolate-oblong, subcoriaceous, subobtuse or sub-
acute ; upper ^-1 ft. long. Corymbs sessile from the side of slender branches, round,
very dense, sometimes 6-8 in. broad ; bracts persistent, spreading or reflexed ; brac-
teoles obovate, under \ in. long, not boat-shaped or amplexicaul, bright-coloured.
Sepals under £ in. long. Filaments 3-4 times as long as the sepals. Pod oblong,
5-6 in. by 1^-2 in. — Very near the Malay S. macroptera and palembanica, Miquel.

110. AlttHERSTIA, Wall.

An erect tree. Leaves abruptly pinnate. Flowers racemed. Calyx with a
long cylindrical disciferous tube ; sepals 4, oblong, the two lowest connate.
Petals only 3 developed, the upper very broad, with a long claw, the two lateral
as long, but narrower, oblong-spathulate, the two lowest rudimentary. Stamens
diadelphous, 9 lower having the filaments connate in a long tube, alternately
larger and smaller, the upper free from the base ; anthers versatile, dehiscing
longitudinally. Ovary stalked beyond the disk, many-ovuled ; style long,
filiform, stigma capitate. Pod large, flat, almost woody, dehiscent. Seeds
large, round-oblong, compressed, exalbummous. — Distrib. A single endemic
species.

1. A. nobilis, Wall PL As. Rar. i. p. 1, t. 1-2; Wall. Cat. 596;
G. Don Gen. Syst. ii. 437.

Martaban, Tenasserim and Malacca, often planted.

An erect unarmed tree. Leaves very large, abruptly pinnate ; leaflets oblong,
acuminate, £-1 ft., opposite, glabrous, subcoriaceous. Flowers in ample pendulous

/

Tamarindus.] l. leguminoS-ze. (J. G. Baker.) 273

racemes, the most showy of those of the Indian Leguminosse ; pedicel* 2-4 in., with a
pair of large lanceolate persistent coloured bracteoles at the apex enclosing the buds.
Sepals membranous, coloured, 1 in. long. Petals mixed brilliant red and yellow, the
upper one 2 in. long and broad ; tube as long as the sepals, cylindrical. Pod like
that of a Millettia, \ ft. long, \\ in. broad, glabrous, truncate, 4-6-seeded.

111. TAMARIND US, Linn.

A spineless tree. Leaves abruptly pinnate. Flowei's racemed. Calyx-txdae
turbinate ; disk produced some* distance above its base ; teeth lanceolate, much
imbricated, the two lowest connate. Petals only the three upper developed,
the two lateral ovate, the upper hooded, the two lower reduced to scales.
Stamens monadelphous, only 3 developed, the others reduced to mere bristles at
the top of the sheath ; anthers oblong, versatile, dehiscing . longitudinally.
Ovary many-ovuled, with a stalk adnate to the calyx-tube; style filiform,
stigma capitate. Pod ligulate, many-seeded, with a thin crustaceous epicarp
and thick pulpy mesocarp. Seeds exalbmninous. — A single species.

1. T. indica, Linn, s DC. Prodr. ii. 488 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 215 ; Wall.
Cat. 5824 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 285 ; Bah. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 82 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
t. 184. T. occidentalis, Gaertn. ; DC. loc. cit. T. officinalis, Hook. Bot. Mag.
t. 4563.

Diffused through India and the Tropics generally, probably indigenous in
Africa.

A large unarmed tree. Leaves abruptly' pinnate, with 20-40, glabrescent, close
obtuse opposite oblong leaflets. Flowers few together, in copious lax racemes at the
end of the branchlets ; pedicels articulated at the base of the calyx ; bracts boat-
shaped, enclosing the buds, caducous. Petals under £ in. long, yellow, striped with
red. Pod 3-6 in. by 1 in. or more, 3-10-seeded.

112. HUMBOLDTIA, Vahl.

Unarmed erect small trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate, with persistent usually
peltate stipules. Flmvers small, in copious racemes, each furnished with a pair
of persistent coloured bracteoles at the base. Calyx-tube turbinate, with the
disk produced some distance above its base; sepals 4, oblong, subeqnal, im-
bricated. Petals 5 or 3, oblong-spathulate, clawed, subequal, exceeding the
calyx. Stamens 5, equal, exserted, alternating with 5 minute staminodes,
filaments filiform ; anthers oblong, versatile, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary
with a stalk immersed in the disk, linear, few-ovuled ; style very long, filiform,
stigma terminal. Pod flat, dehiscent, rigidly coriaceous. Seeds exalbuminous. —
Disteib. Species 5, the other Tropical African.

1. K. laurifolia, Vahl; DC. Prodr. ii. 488; branches hollow, nodes
constricted, stipule-spur lanceolate, leaves nearly sessile, leaflets 8-10, petiolules
short, petals 5. R. Br. in Wall. PI. As. Rar. iii. 18; W. $ A. Prodr. 285 5
Wight Ic. t. 1605; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 93. Batschia laurifolia, Vahl, Symb. 39,
t. 56.

Malabar and Ceyxon.

A low tree, with the intern odes of the branchlets conspicuously swollen. Leaves
£-1 ft. long ; leaflets oblong, cuspidate, rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous, 3-4 in. long ;
stipules coriaceous, very large, oblong-lanceolate, 1 in. or more long above the attach-
ment. Racemes dense, axillary, drooping, nearly sessile, 3-6 in. long ; pedicels 4-i
in. Flower f in. long, exclusive of the exserted stamens ; bracteoles oblong-spatnu-
late, half as long as the calyx. Pod rigid, ligulate-oblong, 3-4 in. long. Seeds 3-4.
VOL. II. T

274 L. LEGUMiNOSiE. (J. Gr. Baker.) [Humboldtia.

2. K. unijug'a, i?edd. ic. P7. Jwrf. Or. .t. 108 ; branches solid, nodes not
Constricted, stipules not spurred, leaves and 2 leaflets subsessile, petals 5.

Travancore mountains, alt. 3-4500 ft., Beddome.

A large tree, glabrous in all its parts, with terete slender branchlets. Stipules
lanceolate, £ in., rigidly coriaceous; petiole very short, broadly flattened and
hollowed out on the face ; leaflets oblong -lanceolate, rather oblique, 5-6 in. long,
obtusely acuminate, glossy on the upper surface. Pedicels \-^ in., spreading, finely
silky ; bracteoles obtuse, half as long as the calyx. Flower ^ in. long, exclusive of
the exserted stamens. Petals bright red.

3. K. Brunonis, Wall. PL As. Par. iii. 17, t. 233; branches solid,
nodes not constricted, spur of stipules rounded, leaves nearly sessile, leaflets
4, petiolules short, petals 3. Wall. Cat. 2332 ; W. 8f A. Prodr. 285 ; Wight
Ic. t. 1606 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 93.

Ghauts of Nilghiris and Coorg.

Branchlets slender, terete. Petiole not flattened ; stipules small, lanceolate above
the attachment, with a transverse oblong spur ; leaflets oblong, rigidly subcoriaceous,
glabrous, obtusely cuspidate, 4-6 in. long. Bacemes axillary, distinctly peduncled,
equalling or exceeding the leaves ; pedicels £-£ in., spreading or ascending ; bracte-
oles and calyx grey-downy. Flower £-§ in. long, exclusive of the exserted stamens.

4. ZZ. Vahliana, Wight Ic. t. 1607-8 ; branches solid, nodes not con-
stricted, spur of stipules rounded, leaves distinctly petioled, leaflets 6-8, petiolules
long, petals 5. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 93.

Nilghiris ; jungles about Conoor, Br. Wight.

Branchlets slender, terete. Stipules 1 in. or more long, lanceolate above, trans-
versely oblong below the point of attachment ; leaf-rachis 5-7 in. long, including the
1 in. petiole ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, rigidly coriaceous, 5-6
in. long, both sides finely venulose. Bacemes peduncled, subspicate, 1-3-nate ;
bracteoles and sepals very downy on the back, the latter f in. long. Petals very-
caducous, not exceeding the sepals. Pod almost woody, £ ft. by 1^ in., narrowed to
the point.

- s . 113. AFZELZA, Smith.

Erect unanned trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate, with few pairs of opposite

leaflets. Flmvers in copious terminal panicles. Calyx with the disk produced

to the top of its elongated tube ; sepals 4, much imbricated, slightly unequal.

Developed petal one^ orbicular with 'a distinct claw, the others absent or

rudimentary. Stamens 3-9, declinate, filaments long, pilose ; anthers minute,

oblong, opening longitudinally. Pod large, oblong, flattish, sublignose, sub-

indehiscent. — Distrib. Tropics of the Old World ; species 10.

•

1. A. retusa, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Peng. xlii. 2, 73; leaflets
2-6, racemes simple, pedicels glabrous, calyx-tube as long as limb, fertile
stamens 3.

Malacca, Griffith. Andamans, Kurz.

A shrub, glabrous in all its parts. Leaflets stalked, oblong, subcoriaceous, 2-3
in. long, obtuse, conspicuously emarginate. Flowers in simple corymbose terminal
racemes ; pedicels %-% in. Calyx-tube £-§ in., cylindrical ; sepals | in. broad. Petal
twice as long as the sepals ; blade round, £ in. broad. Pod oblong, subcoriaceous,
3-4 in. by 1-1 £ in.

2. A. bijug-a, A. Gray Pot. Amer. JSxpl. Expedit. 467, t. 51 ; leaflets 4,
paniek corymbose, pedicels pilose, calyx-tube as long as limb, fertile stamens 3.

Jfzelia.'] L. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) 275

<)utea bijuga, DC. Prodr. ii. 511 \ Wall. Cat. No. 5823. Macrolobium bijugum,
Coleb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. 359, t. 17.

Malay peninsula, Wallich, Griffith. — Distrib. Seychelles and Malay isles and
Polynesia.

An erect tree, 50 feet high. Leaflets stalked, obliquely oblong, subcoriaceous,
glabrous, 2-5 in. long, subacute or obtuse. Flowers in a dense terminal corymbose
panicle ; pedicels ^-% in., grey-downy. Calyx-bubs cylindrical, |-f in. Petal
exserted, round, with a long claw. Filaments above 1 in. Pod rigid, flat* oblong,
6-8 in. long; seeds 4-5.

3. A. palembanica, Baker; leaflets 6-8, panicle corymbose, calyx-
tube as long as limb, fertile stamens 3. Intsia palembanica, Mia. Fldr. Lnd.
Sat. Suppl. 289.

Malacca, Griffith ("The best Malacca timber tree"), Maingay. Andamans,
Kurz. — Distrib. Malay isles.

A tall unarmed erect tree. Leaflets stalked, oblong, subcoriaceous, obtuse, emar-
ginate, 2-4 in. long ; lowest pair distinctly smallest. Flowers in a dense terminal
corymbose panicle ; pedicels j^-\ in., grey-downy. Calyx-tube cylindrical, |*-£ in.
Petal not exserted. Filaments ^-1 in. Pod oblong, almost woody, glossy, 6-10 in.
by 3 in., straight or rather curved.

4. A.? coriacea, Baker-, leaflets 4-6, panicle thyrsoid with racemose
branches, calyx-tube much shorter than the limb, fertile stamens 9. Intsia
coriacea, Maingay MSS.

Malacca, Maingay. . .

Leaflets stalked, oblong, glabrous, very rigid and coriaceous, 3-4 in. long, obtuse,
emarginate. Flowers in copious elongated terminal panicles, with distant racemose
branches, clothed like the pedicels and calyx with thin rusty tomentum. Ca^-tube
very short; sepals i in., much narrower and less imbricated than in the two other
species. " Filaments alternately longer and shorter (5 long, 4 short), in bud, connate
into a partial tube at the base," Maingay. Pod not seen. — May prove a Pahudia, but
we have young buds only.

114. BAUXXXNXA, Linn.

Unarmed erect trees or climbers with circinate tendrils. Leaves simple,
usually deeply cleft from the tip, rarely entire or fully divided into 2 leaflets.
Floioers showy, in copious simple or panicled often corymbose racemes. Calyx-
tube with the disk produced to the top, sometimes long and cylindrical, some-
times short and turbinate 5 limb entire .and spathaceous, or cleft into 2 or 5
teeth. Petals 5, subequal, usually with a distinct claw. Stamens 10, or
reduced to 5 or 3, if fewer than 10 with sterile filaments absent or present,
filaments free, filiform ; anthers versatile, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary
stalked, many-ovuled ; style long or short, stigma small or large and peltate,
subterminal or oblique. Pod linear or rarely oblong, fiat, continuous within,
dehiscent or indehiscent. Seeds albuminous. — Distrib. Species 130, spread
everywhere in the Tropics.

Sect. 1. Pauietia, Cav. Fertile stamens 10. Calyx with a very short
tube and spathaceous limb. Pod narrow, dehiscent. — Erect shrubs with large
sho wry flowers and connate leaflets.

1. B. tomentosa, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 514 ; flowers usually in axillary
jjairs, petals much longer than the entire calyx-limb, pod stalked not ribbed near
the upper suture. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31 ; Fl. Lnd. ii. 323 ; Wall. Cat. 5790', excl.
F $ G; Bot. Mag. t. 5560 ; W. # A. Prodr. 295 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 92. B.
speciosa, Roxb. ; Walk Cat. 5791.

12

276 L. legumenosj:. (J. Gr. Baker.) [BauMnia.

North "West Provinces to Ceylon and Penang. — Distrib. Malay isles, China,
Trop. Africa.

An erect shrub, with downy branches. Leaf broader than long, not cordate,
coriaceous, 1-2 in. deep, cleft less than halfway down into two obtuse lobes, pubes-
cent below,. 7 -nerved. Flcfwers usually in short-peduncled pairs from the axils of the
leaves, rarely 1 or 3 ; pedicels with a pair of large persistent linear bracteoles.
Calyx-limb broad-ovate, finely downy, i in. Petals l|-2 in. long, obovate-spathulate,
yellow, the upper with a red blotch on the face. Style £-$ in. Pod distinctly stalked,
4-5 in. by £— | in., 6-10-seeded, glabrous.

2. B. brachycarpa, Wall. Cat. 5786; flowers racemose, pod small ses-
sile not ribbed near the upper suture. JBenth. PL Jungh. 261.

Ava ; Taong-dong mountains, Wallich.

A doubtful plant, known only in fruit. Branches slender, glabrous. Leaf cor-
date, roundish, thin, glabrous, 9-ribbed, cleft a third down into two obtuse lobes. Ra-
cemes short-peduncled, many-flowered, about as long as the leaves ; pedicels ascend-
ing, ^-^in. Pod lj-1^ in. by § in., narrowed to both ends, 2-3-seeded, dehiscent.

3. B. polycarpa, Wall. Cat. 5787 ; flowers in long racemes, calyx-limb
entire, pod nearly sessile not ribbed near the upper suture. Benth. PI. Jungh.
261.

Martaban ; banks of the Attran river, Wallich.

Another doubtful species, known only in bud and pod. Leaves suborbicular, slightly
cordate, 3-4 in. long, glabrous, flexible, obtusely lobed ^-^ down. Flowers in narrow
close short-peduncled axillary regular racemes 3-5 in. long. Pedicels shorter than
the bud, which is glabrous, ovoid-lanceolate, £ in. long. Pod 3-4 in. long, § in.
broad, glabrous, dehiscent, nearly straight, 6-10-seeded.

4. B, acuminata, Linn, ; DC. Prodr. ii. 513 ; flowers in close axillary
racemes, petals as long as the calyx-limb which is cleft into 5 subulate teeth at
the tip, pod with a rib on each side of the upper suture. Roxb. Sort. Bang. 31 ;
J7.iw7.ii. 324; Wall. Cat. 5794: W. $ A. Prodr. 295. B. purpurea, Wall.
Cat. 5797, D. B. Candida, Ait. ; DC. Proa1?: loc. cit., non Roxb.

North West Provinces to Ceylon and Malacca. — Distrib. China, Malay
isles.

An erect shrub, with obscurely downy angular branches. Leaves slightly cordate,
flexible, 3-6 in. long, 9-11-nervecl, the lobes acute or subobtuse, not reaching half
way down, at first finely pubescent beneath. Racemes axillary, short-peduncled, co-
rymbose ; pedicels erecto -patent, ^- f in. long, with linear-subulate bracts and brac-
teoles. Calyx 1-1 \ in., narrowed into a long point, cleft at the tip. Petals oblong,
whitish. Style \ in. Pod 4-5 in. long, |-| in. broad, firm, glabrous, 8-12-seeded ; stalk
1 in. long.

Sect. 2. Pileostigrna, Hochst. Fertile stamens 10. Cahjx with a
short tube and spathaceous or 5-cleft limb. Pod narrow, indehiscent. — Erect
shrubs, or climbers with smalf flowers and connate leaflets.

5. B. racemosa, Lam. Diet. i. 390 ; erect, leaves small deeply cleft 7-9-
nerved, flowers in lax simple racemes, calyx-limb entire, stigma sessile. W. 8?
A. Prodr. 295 ; Hook. Lc. 1. 141 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 82 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
t. 182, non Vahl. B. parviflora, Vahl; DC. Prodr. ii. 514; Roxb. Hort, Beng.
31 ; Fl. Ind, ii. 323. B. spicata, Koenig ; Wall. Cat. 5789. B. tinioriensis,.
Decaisne in Nov. Ann. Mus. iii. 466. Pileosti<rma racemosa, Benth. PI.
Jungh. 262.

-. Punjab and Garwhal to Ceylon and Pegu. — Distrib. China, Malay isles,
Timor.

Bauliinia.'] l. leguminosjj. (J. Gr. Baker.) 277

A small crooked bushy tree with drooping branches. Leaves broader than long,
rigidly coriaceous, 1 £-2 in. long, slightly cordate, clothed more or less densely be-
neath with grey pubescence. Bacemes short-peduncled, lax, terminal and leaf-opposed,
£-£ ft. long, with densely grey-downy rachises ; pedicels ^-\ in., erecto-patent. Calyx-
tube turbinate, not more than ^ in. long ; limb £-£ in., not splitting up. Petals ob-
lanceolate, yellow, as long as the limb. Pod ^-1 ft. by £-1 in., not venulose, falcate,
firm, glabrous, turgid ; stalk above an inch long. Seeds 12-20.

B. rttfescens, Lam. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 514, which is sometimes cultivated, differs
from this by its very small leaves, seldom over half an inch deep, short style, and
much smaller pod. It is a native of Tropical Africa.

6. B. malabarica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 321 ; erect, leaves
7-9-nerved slightly cordate deeply bifid, flowers in short mostly simple
corymbs, bracts minute, lower pedicels l£-2 the calyx, calyx-limb 5-cleft, style
produced. Wall. Cat. 5793 ; W. 8> A. Prodr. 294 ; Dak. $ Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 82 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 92. B. tomentosa, Wall. Cat. 5790 F8f G. Pileostigma
malabarica, Benth. PL JungJi. 261.

Western and Central Himalayas (ascending to 1000 ft. in Kumaon and 4000 feet
in Behar) through India proper and to Bibma. — Distrib. B. acida, Eeinw. {B. pur-
purea DC. of Malay isles and Timor scarcely more than a variety.)

An erect low bushy tree. Leaves broader than long, rigidly coriaceous, the same
shape as in the last, but longer, with two obtuse lobes reaching about a quarter down,
.glaucous, subglabrous or finely grey-downy beneath. Bacemes sessile, dense, axillary, as
broad as long ; pedicels ascending, very slender, i-1 in. long. Calyx clothed with
pale brown down ; tube cylindrical, turbinate, $-$ in. ; limb \ in. Petals oblong-
spathulate, little exserted. Pod 1 ft. by f-1 in., nearly straight, firm, glabrous, rather
turgid, reticulato-venulose, rostrate with the style, 20-30-seeded. ; stalk 1 in. long.

Var. reniformis, Eoyle MSS., sp. ; leaves as small as those of B. racemosa, densely
pubescent beneath. — North-west provinces.

7. B. ung-uiculata, Baker-, erect, leaves 7-nerved cordate deeply
bifid, flowers in short simple corymbs, bracts large, pedicels 3-4 times the calyx,
calyx-limb 5-cleft, style produced.

Siam, Sir B. Schomburgk.

Closely allied to the last. Leaves broader than long, rigidly subcoriaceous, 2-3 in.
long, glabrous beneath, with two obtuse lobes reaching \-% down. Bacemes short-pe-
>duncled, as long as the leaves; bracts under £ in., oblanceolate, reflexed; pedicels
blender, lower l§-2 in. Calyx thinly grey-downy externally; tube cylindrical, tur-
binate, £-§ in. ; limb |-^ in. Petals % in., pilose, with a round limb equalling a dis-
tinct claw. Ovary downy, with a distinct stalk and style. Pod unknown.

8. B. Lawn, Benth. MSS.-, scandent, leaves deeply cordate shortly
bifid 15-1 7-nerved, racemes dense forming ample terminal panicles with re-
flexed branches, calyx-limb shortly 5-cleft, stigma sessile. ? B. foveolata, Dalz. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. 13, p. 188.

Concan, Law.

Branchlets slender, terete, ecirrhose, thinly grey -downy. Leaves orbicular, rigidly
coriaceous, 4-9 in. long and broad, finely downy, the numerous ribs thick and much
raised on the under surface. Bacemes forming an ample deltoid panicle \ ft. long and
broad, with numerous deflexed densely pale-brown downy branches, the lower com-
pound; bracts deltoid, minute; pedicels erecto-patent, very short. Calyx-tube £-% in.,
narrow, turbinate; limb |-^ in., shortly 5-cleft. Petals twice the calyx. Stigma
large, peltate, £ in. broad. Pod unknown. — Agrees with the description of Dalzell's
plant except that it is not dioecious.

Sect. 3. Xiysiphyllum, Benth. Fertile stamens 10. Calyx with, a long
tube and 5-cleft limb. Pod broad, indehiscent. — Leaflets distinct.

278 l. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) [Bauhinia*

9. B. Blancoi, Baker ; ecirrhose, corymbs equalling the leaves, flowers
small, tube equalling the ovoid bud. Phanera Blancoi, Benth. PI. Jungh. 264.

Siam, Sir R. SchomburgJc. — Distrib. Philippines, Cuming, 1518.

A glabrous erect shrub. Leaflets 1£ in., rigidly subcoriaceous, obtuse, finely veined,
deeply rounded below the point of insertion. Flowers in dense axillary corymbs ; pedicels
£ in., erecto-patent. Calyx-tube cylindrical, J-§ in., finely velvety ; sepals lanceolate,
equalling the tube. Petals much exserted, oblong-spathulate, coarsely pubescent. Pod
distinctly stalked, glabrous, 5-6 in. by 1-1 J in., 8-10-seeded.

10. B. diphylla, Hamilt. in Symes It. Avens. t. 24 ; cirrhose, racemes
much exceeding leaves, flowers large, tube much shorter than the lanceolate bud.
Wall. Cat. 5784. B. Buchanani, Besv. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Hist. Par. ser. i. vol.
ix. 430. Phanera diphylla, Benth. PI. Jungh. 264.

Concan, Stocks. Birma, Wallich, Maingay. Malacca, Griffith.

A glabrous twiner, with circinate tendrils. Leaflets rigidly coriaceous, 2-3 in. long,
rounded at both ends. Flowers in lax axillary racemes, with rusty -downy branches p
pedicels ascending, 1^ in. CaZ^r-tube 1 in. long, narrow turbinate ; sepals lanceolate,
coriaceous, 1-1 £ in. Petals rather exserted, oblong, with a long claw. Pod f-1 ft. by
l£-2 in., thin, glabrous, indehiscent, many-seeded down the centre ; stalk finally
l£-2 in. long.

Sect. 4. Phanera, Lour. Fertile stamens usually 3, sometimes 4-5.
Caly.v-tube mostly produced ; limb usually 5-cleft, sometimes spathaceous. —
Erect or scandent ; flowers large or small.

*

Leaves narrowed gradually or suddenly to an entire point.

11. B. cornifolia, Baker ; leaf half as long again as broad gradually
pointed, calyx-tube 3-4 times as long as the limb, petals oblanceolate-oblong-
not clawed.

Penang, Griffith.

Branches slender, glabrous, without tendrils, thinly rusty-downy. Leaves 2-3 in.„
rigidly subcoriaceous, slightly cordate, 5-nerved, thinly brown-silky beneath ; petiole
1 in. Flowers in dense terminal corymbose racemes, 3 in. long and broad ; pedicels
erecto-patent, lower above 1 in. long. Calyx thinly rusty-downy externally ; tube
Cytindrical, £— § in. long; bud ovoid, under £ in. Petals more than twice the length
of the calyx-limb. Ovary downy, with a short distinct style and stalk ; stigma large,
peltate.

12. B. Finlaysoniana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5801 ; leaf once and a half
to twice as long as broad gradually pointed, calyx-limb as long as the tube, .
petals orbicular with a distinct claw. Phanera Finlaysoniana, Benth. PL.
Jungh. 262.

Malay Peninsula, Finlayson.

Branchlets slender, glabrescent, without tendrils. Leaves 3-4 in. long, rigidly co-
riaceous, glabrous, shortly cordate, 3-5-nerred, narrowed gradually from the middle
to a point ; petiole very short. Racemes terminal and axillary, close, 3-4 in. long,
the rachis thinly rusty-downy ; pedicels ^ in. Calyx-tube % in., cylindrical. Bud\
ovoid. Petals *£-£ in. long, glabrous. Ovary rusty ; style" and stalk both very
short.

13. B. emarg-inata, Jack, in Mai. Misc. i. 75; Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 223;.

leaf rather longer than broad suddenly obtusely pointed, calyx-limb as long-
as the tube, petals orbicular with a distinct claw. , B. lucida, Wall. Cat. 5779 A. .
B. cordifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 332 ? Phanera lucida, Benth. PI. Jungh. 262.

Penang, Porter. — Distkib. Sumatra.

A cirrhose twiner, with glabrescent branches. Leaves rigidly coriaceous, glabrous^ .

Bauliinia.'] l. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) 279

3-5 in. long, 5-7-nerved, distinctly cordate. Flowers in copious peduncled terminal
racemes 3-4 in. long ; pedicels erecto-patent, lower 1 in. or more long, like the calyx
densely brown-downy. Calyx-tube between cylindrical and turbinate, £-£ in. ; bud
obovoid. Petals twice the length of the calyx, densely silky on the outside. Ovary
downy, with a short distinct style.

** Leaves round-cordate, cleft only at the very tip.

14. B. retusa, Sam. ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 322 ; erect,
ecirrhose, pubescence grey, calyx-tube turbinate very short. B. emarginata,
Wall. Cat. 5792, non Jack. Phanera retusa, Benth. PL Jungh. 263.

"Western Himalayas ; Simla, GKtbwhal, Kumaon, ascending to 4000 ft.

Leaves rigidly coriaceous, rather broader than long, 4-6 in. long, 9-nerved, gla-
brous beneath, usually deeply cordate. Flowers in ample terminal panicles, some-
times a foot long and broad, with corymbose branches clothed with fine grey silky
pubescence, the lower springing from the axils of reduced leaves ; lower pedicels
ascending, £-f in. long ; bracts and bracteoles minute, caducous. Calyx-tube scarcely
any; limb £ in. long, irregularly cleft; bud ovoid. Petals oblong, clawed, twice
the sepals, yellow. Style produced, stigma large. Pod hard, flat, 5-6 in. by l£-l|-in.,
glabrous, late in dehiscing, short-stalked, 6-8-seeded.

15. B. integrifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 331 ; scandent, cirrhose, pubes-
cence ferruginous, calyx-tube cylindrical not exceeding the limb, ovary densely
silky short-stalked. Wall. Cat. 5780. Phanera integrifolia, Benth. PL Jungh.
263.

Penang and Malacca.

Leaves rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous, 9-nerved, deeply cordate, 3-6 in. long, with
a deltoid apical sinus. Inflorescence as in the last, a long panicle with very dense
many-flowered ascending racemose branches, clothed like the calyx with bright rusty
silky pubescence ; bracts small, lanceolate, subpersistent ; pedicels ascending, lower
|— f in. Calyx-tube ^— £ in. ; sepals deltoid ; bud globose. Petals obovate, clawed,
twice the sepals, densely rusty-silky. Style long ; stigma small. Pod oblong, hard,
flat, short-stalked, 5-6 in. by 2 in., late in dehiscing.

16. B. bidentata, Jack in Mai. Misc. i. 76 ; Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag^
i. 223 ; scandent, cirrhose, pubescence ferruginous, calyx-tube cylindrical exceed-
ing the limb, ovary usually subglabrous long-stalked. Wall. Cat. 5778. Phanera
bidentata, Benth. PL Jungh. 263.

Penang and Malacca. — Distrib. Philippines.

Very near B. integrifolia, with which it agrees in leaf, vestiture and inflorescence.
Lower pedicels 1-2 in. long ; bracts caducous. Calyx-tube cylindrical, f-f in. Bud
broad-ovoid or subglobose. Calyx-limb under | in., slit down to the base. Petals 2-3
times the length of the sepals, obovate, clawed, more or less silky. Style long ; stigma
large, peltate. Pod unknown.

**• Leaves deeply cleft, persistently pubescent beneath.

17. B. Vahlii, W. # A. Prodr. 297 ; cirrhose, pubescence dense grey or
ferruginous, leaf-lobes ^btuse, pedicels long, calyx-tube cylindrical, petals much
exserted densely pilose. Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 83. B. racemosa, Vahl, Symb.
t. 62 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 515 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 325 ; Wall. Cat. 5775, non Lam.
Phanera Yahlii, Benth. PL Jungh. 263.

Foot of the Centbal and East Himalayas, ascending to 2500 feet in Kumaon.
Behab, Br. Hooker. Concan, Stocks. Cibcabs, Roxburgh.

An enormous climber, with densely pubescent branchlets and abundant circinate
tendrils. Leaves rigidly subcoriaceous, rather broader than long (1-1$ ft.), deeply

280 l. leguminos-s. (J. Gr. Baker.) [Bauhinia.

cordate, ll-13-ner\re6\ slit \-\ down with an open sinus, persistently downy all over
beneath. Racemes long-peduncled, terminal, dense, sub corymbose ; lower pedicels 1-2
in., with persistent linear bracteoles. Calyx-tuho slender, £-£ in. ; limb under £ ir.,,
splitting into two lobes. Petals 1 in. long, obovate, with a short claw. Ovary ferru-
gineo-tomentose, with a short stalk, long style and minute stigma. Pod sublignose,
rusty-downy, f-1 ft, by 2 in., 8-12-seeded, finally splitting open.

18. B. rosea, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 72 ; pubescence
fulvous, leaf-lobes obtuse, pedicels long, calyx-tube short, petals much exserted
slightly pilose.

Martaban, Brandts.

A climber, with pubescent branchlets. Leaves round-cordate, 3-5 in. each way,
chartaceous, slit ^down, glabrescent above, clothed with persistent fulvous pubescence
beneath. Racemes terminal, corymbose ; pedicels l|-2 in. ; bracts linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, ^ in. Ca^r-teeth linear-lanceolate, ^ in., free and reflexed when mature.
Petals § in., with a long claw and linear-obovate undulated blade. Ovary fulvo-vil-
lose ; style thick, shorter than the ovary. Pod unknown. Ex Kurz, loc. cit.

19. B. rufa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5798 ; cirrhose, pubescence thin dark
ferruginous, leaf-lobes acute, pedicels long, tube slender cylindrical, petals much
exserted densely silky. Phanera rufa, Benth. PI. Jungh. 263.

Silhet, Wallich.

Branches, petioles, leaf-ribs beneath, pedicels and calyx densely ferrugineo-tomen-
tose. Leaves rigidly subcoriaceous, 4-6 in. long, deeply cordate, 11-13-nerved, with a
deltoid sinus reaching 5- down and deltoid lobes. Corymb dense, terminal, subsessile ;
pedicels l£-2 in., more slender than in B. Vaklii. Calyx-tube £-£ in. ; limb equal-
ling the tube, membranous, irregularly slit. Petals oblong-spathulate, twice the
length of the calyx-limb, densely silky on the back. Ovary densely silky,' with a
short stalk and long style, stigma small. Pod unknown.

20. B. velutina, Wall. Cat. 5781 ; ecirrhose, pubescence thin grey pu-
berulent, leaf-lobes obtuse, pedicels very short, tube cylindrical, petals little
exserted obovate with a very long pilose claw. Phanera velutina, Benth. PI.
Jungh. 262.

Tenasserim, Wallich, Griffith, Heifer.

Habit and inflorescence of B. purpurea and variegata. Leaves broader than long,
rigidly coriaceous, pale green, deeply cordate, 9-11 -nerved, with an open sinus reach-
ing £-^ down. Racemes few-flowered, short-ped uncled, axillary, corymbose ; pedicels
i-^ in. ; bracts deltoid, very minute. Calyx thinly grey -pubescent ; tube f-1 in. ;
sepals distinct, lanceolate, as long as the tube. Claw of the petals three times as
long as the limb. Ovary grey-tomentose, narrowed gradually into a long stalk and
style, stigma small. Pod unknown.

21. B. semibifida, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 330 ; ecirrhose,
pubescence thin dark ferruginous, leaf-lobes obtuse, pedicels elongated, calyx-
tube stout ampullseform, petals oblanceolate glabrous little exserted. Wall. PI.
As. Par. t. 253 ; Cat. 5783 ; Wight. Ic. t. 263. Phanera semibifida, Benth. PI.
Jungh. 263.

Malacca, Griffith. Tenasserim, Heifer.

Branchlets, leaf-ribs beneath, pedicels and calyx clothed with bright ferruginous
silky pubescence. Leaves rigidly subcoriaceous, 2-3 in. long, deeply cordate, 11-
nerved. Racemes terminal, subsessile, 3-4 in. long; pedicels 1-1 £ in. Calyx-tuhe
% in., narrowed from the base towards the neck ; sepals lanceolate, distinct, coriace-
ous, reflexed, as long as the tube. Ovary densely silky, distinctly stalked, with a
short thick style and large peltate stigma. — Closely allied to B.ferruginea.

Bauhinia.'] l. leguminoSjE. (J. Gr. Baker.) 281

22. B. elong ata, Korthals in Nat. Verh. Bot. 89. t. 24 ; ecirrhose, pubes-
cence thin dark ferruginous, leaf-lobes obtuse, pedicels snort, calyx-tube cylindri-
cal, petals oblanceolate glabrous little exserted. B. mollissinia, Wall. Cat. 5782.
Plianera elongata, Benth. PL Jungh. 262.

Penang, Wallich. Birma, Maingay. — Distrib. Malay isles.

Branchlets, pedicels and calyx clothed persistently with fine ferruginous tomentum.
Leaves rigidly subcoriaceous, deeply cordate, 11-13-nerved, 4-6 in. long, with an open
sinus reaching about \ down. Corymbs sessile, few-flowered, axillary ; bracts small,
larceolate, subpersistent ; pedicels erecto-patent, lower |— £ in. Calyx-tube slender,
f-1 in. ; sepals as long as the tube, distinct, lanceolate. Petals oblanceolate, clawed.
Ovary tomentose, narrowed into a very long stalk and style, stigma small.

**** Leaves deeply cleft, with acute or subacute lobes, nearly or quite glabrous
beneath ivhen mature.

23. B. ornata, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 72 ; ecirrhose,
leaves 9-11-nerved, pubescence ferruginous, pedicels long, flowers small, calyx-
tube short turbinate, sepals 5 rather exceeding the tube, petals slightly exserted.

Pegu, Kurz.

Branchlets clothed with deciduous bright ferruginous silky pubescence. Leaves
deeply cordate, firm, membranous, reaching nearly a foot long, the acute contiguous
lobes reaching half way down or more, the slender veins clothed at first with ferru-
ginous hairs. Flowers in dense rounded peduncled simple terminal corymbs ; bracts
small, lanceolate, tomentose, persistent; pedicels slender, an inch long, clothed with
short spreading hairs ; lower deflexed. Calyx thinly silky ; tube £ in. ; limb reflexed,
membranous, irregularly cleft. Petals £ in., oblong, clawed, silky on the back.
Stamens 3. Ovary subsessile, densely rusty-silky ; style §-| in., stigma small
pilose.

24. B. khasiana, Baker, ecirrhose, leaves 9-11-nerved, pubescence
dense bright ferruginous, pedicels long, calyx-tube cylindrical-turbinate, limb
5-cleft as long as the tube, petals slightly exserted.

Khasia hills, alt. 1-3000 ft., HooJc.fil. # Thomson.

A climber, with branchlets clothed with bright rusty silky pubescence. Leaves
cordate, large, thin, glabrous, the divergent subacute lobes reaching about a third
down. Flowers in numerous contiguous short-peduncled corymbs, forming a broad
terminal corymbose panicle, the lower branches subtended by large leaves ; pedicels
ascending, 1-H in- loQg> liko the calyx densely clothed with very bright rusty silky
pubescence; bracts caducous. Calyx-tube \-^ in. ; bud subglobose; limb irregularly
cleft. Petals obovate, clawed, densely silky on the back. Stamens 3. Ovary short-
stalked, densely rusty-silky ; style short, stigma small.

25. B. g-labrifolia, Baker ; ecirrhose, leaves 9-nerved, pubescence thin
grey, pedicels long, flowers small, calyx-tube turbinate, limb rather exceeding
tube, petals little exserted. Phanera glabrifolia, Benth. PI. Jungh. 263.

Tenasserim, Heifer, and sent from the Calcutta gardens as B. piperifolia.

Brafichlets slender, at first finely grey-silky. Leaves shallowly cordate, rigidly sub-
coriaceous, glabrous, shining above, moderately large, the acute lobes reaching £-£
down. Flowers in dense many-flowered, short-peduncled corymbs, forming a broad
terminal corymbose panicle ; bracts minute, lanceolate ; pedicels slender, ascending ;
lower f-1 in., clothed like the calyx with adpressed grey silky pubescence. Calyx-
tube £ in. ; bud globose ; limb not usually fully 5-cleft. Petals obovate, clawed,
densely silky on the back. Ovary glabrous, short-stalked ; style produced, stigma
small.

26. B. maci ostachya, Wall. Cat. 5774 ; cirrhose, leaves 9-nerved, pu-
bescence thin grey, pedicels moderately long, calyx-tube turbinate very oblique,

282 L. leguminos^. (J. G. Baker.) \Baulmua.

sepals deltoid, petals much exserted. B. scandens, Roxb. H&rt. Beng. 31 ; Fl.
Ind. ii. 326 ; Wight Ic. t. 264, non Linn. Phanera inacrostachva, Benth. PI.
Jungh. 262.

Silhet, Roxburgh, Wallich. Assam, Hamilton.

Branches glabrous, with copious stalked geminate tendrils. Leaves round-cordate,
rigidly subcoriaceous, subglabrous, 3-4 in. long, with an open deltoid sinus reaching
£- \ down and deltoid subacute lobes. Flowers in forked or simple peduncled narrow
sublax racemes \-^ ft. long ; bracts minute, deltoid ; pedicels \-% in., clothed like
the calyx with fine grey silky pubescence. Calyx-tnhe \ in. ; limb campanulate, £ in.,
regularly 5-cleft half-way down. Petals £ in., obovate, clawed, densely silky. Ovary
densely ferrugineo-tomentose ; stalk and style short. Rod ligulate, 4-6 in. by 2 in.,
flat, indehiscent, persistently tomentose, 2-4-seeded.

27. B. diverg-ens, Bake?", cirrhose, leaves 7-nerved, pubescence thin
grey, pedicels very short, calyx-tube cylindrical, limb spathaceous entire as long-
as the tube, petals much exserted.

Bibma, Griffith.

Stems slender, scandent, glabrescent. Leaves rigidly subcoriaceous, slightly cor-
date, glabrous, broader than long, 3-4 in. long, with a broadly rounded sinus reaching
half way down and divergent deltoid acuminate lobes. Racemes copious, few-flowered,
congested, sessile, axillary ; pedicels scarcely any ; bracts minute, deltoid.. Calyx-tuhe
£-£ in. long; limb tough, entire, § in. broad. Stamens 5. Petals oblanceolate, three
times as long as the limb, glabrous, not clawed. Immature fod narrow, § ft. long,
glabrous, with >a long stalk.

28. B. bracteata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5802 ; cirrhose, leaves 9-11-
nerved, pubescence grey, pedicels very long, bracteoles linear, calyx-tube short
turbinate, limb exceeding the tube, petals much exserted. Phanera bracteata,
Benth. PL Jungh. 264.

Tenasserim, Griffith, Heifer. Siamese gulf, Finlayson.

Branchlets finely grey-downy, with copious stout circinate tendrils. Leaves rigidly
coriaceous, slightly cordate, rather longer than broad, 4-6 in. long, glabrous, with a
sinus reaching half way down, so narrow that the dimidiate deltoid subacute lobes
touch each other. Corymbs many-flowered, short-peduncled, axillary, \-^ ft long ;
bracts large, lanceolate, persistent ; pedicels ascending, slender, clothed like the calyx
with fine grey pubescence, furnished with a pair of opposite linear bracteoles above
the middle, the lower ones 2-3 in. long. Catyx-tv.be £-$ in. ; sepals §-| in., lanceo-
late, subconnate. Petals above 1 in. long, with a tomentose claw, exceeding the cor-
date crisped limb. Ovary grey-downy, with a long style and stalk, stigma small.

29. B. involucellata, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 72 j
leaves 9-11-nerved, pubescence thin, pedicels very long, bracteoles large oblong,
flowers large, calyx-limb as long as the tube, petals much exserted.

Mabtaban, Dr. Brandis.

A climbing shrub, with thinly puberulous young branches. Leaves thinly char-
taceous, cordate-ovate, 3-4 in. long, glabrous, with a sinus reaching half-way down or
more, the lobes narrowed to a subobtuse point. Racemes lax, terminal, glabrescent ;
pedicels 2-2^ in. ; bracteoles oblong, subobtuse, § in. long, velvety within. Calyx
velvety ; tube \ in. or more long ; teeth lanceolate acuminate, finally free andreflexed.
Petals pale rose, 1^ in. long, with an ovate-oblong obtuse blade as long as the claw.
Ovary glabrous ; style thick, moderately long. Pod unknown. Ex Kurz loc. cit.

***** Leaves deeply cleft, with obtuse or rarely subacute lobes, nearly or quite
glabrous beneath when mature.

30. B. glauca, Wall. Cat. 5785 ; cirrhose, pubescence thin ferruginous,
leaves 7-9-nerved cleft below the middle, pedicels moderately long, calyx-limb t

Bauliinia.] l. leguminos^:. (J. G. Baker.) 283

2-valved much shorter than the cylindrical tube, petals glabrous exserted.
Phanera glauca, Benth. PI. Jungh. 265 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 68, t. 2, A.

Tenassebim, Mabtaban, Penang. — Distbib. Malay isles, China.

Branchlets slender, soon glabrescent, with copious tendrils. Leaves the smallest
and deepest cleft of the section, cordate, firm, 1-3 in. long, the ribs at first pilose, the
apical lobes always obtuse. Flowers in copious dense short-peduncled or sessile ter-
minal corymbs ; pedicels slender, erecto-patent, £-1 in., with several setaceous persis-
tent bracteoles. Calyx-tube ^-f in. ; limb | in., reflexed, thinly silky. Fertile
stamens 3. Ovary glabrous, with a short stalk, moderately long style and small
stigma. Pod thin, firm, indehiscent, glossy, 6-8 in. by If -2 in., with 10-12 small
seeds down the middle, like B. diphylla. — Only distinguishable from the Chinese B.
corymbosa, Koxh. ; "Wall. Cat. 5388, by its broad indehiscent pod. A plant gathered
by Hooker and Thomson in Khasia, without flower, has a pod like B. glauca, but the
leaves are larger, thinner, and much less deeply cleft.

Vab. parvifolia, Teysm. & Binend. sp. ; leaves very small \-\ in. long cleft nearly
to base clothed beneath with fine ferruginous silky pubescence, corymbs few-flowered.
Sincapobe, Br. Vxley.

31. B. ferrug"inea, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 331 ; cirrhose, pubescence bright
ferruginous, leaves 9-11-nerved not cleft down to the middle, pedicels long, calyx-
limb 5-cleft rather exceeding the ampullseform tube, petals exserted densely
silky. Wall. Cat. 5776 ; Korth. in Nat. Verh. Bat. t. 23. B. Pottsii, G. Don
Gen. Syst. ii. 462. Phanera ferruginea, Benth. PI. Jungh. 262.

Penakg, Malacca, Sincapobe. — Distbib. Malay isles.

Branchlets soon glabrescent, with a few stout woody tendrils. Leaves rigidly sub-
coriaceous, deeply cordate at both ends, 2-4 in. long, with the ribs at first rusty-
pubescent. Flowers in ample terminal racemes, £~| ft. long ; pedicels erecto-patent,
clothed like the calyx with bright rusty silky pubescence, lj-2 in. long ; bracts mi-
nute, lanceolate, caducous. Calyx-tube ^ in. long ; sepals lanceolate,' coriaceous,
distinct. Petals oblanceolate, clawed. Stanie'ns 3. Ovary densely rusty-silky, with
a long stalk and style and very large oblique stigma. Pod smooth, thin, £ ft. long,
1£ in. broad.

Vab. 1. Griffithiana, (Phanera Griffithiana, Benth. PI. Jungh. 263), a form with
large round persistent stipules. — Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.

Vab. 2. excelsa, (Phanera excelsa, Blume ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 62) ; calyx-tube ob-
long ^— | in. long much stouter than in the type (^-f in.), sepals above an inch long. —
Malacca, Griffith. Distrib. Malay isles.

32. B. nervosa, Wall. Cat. 5777 ; cirrhose, pubescence thin ferruginous,
leaves 11-15-nerved not lobed half-way down, pedicels long, calyx-limb 5-cleft.
as long as the cylindrical tube, petals silky exserted. Phanera nervosa, Benth*
PI. Jungh. 262.

Silhet, Wallich. Assam, Griffith. Khasia Mts., 1-3000 ft., HooJc. fit. 4" Thomson.

A robust climber, with thinly silky branchlets. Leaves rigidly subcoriaceous, deeply
cordate, middle-sized, rather longer than broad, at first thinly silky on the ribs, the
contiguous lobes sometimes subacute. Flowers in copious elongated terminal racemes,
with branches clothed with bright rusty-silky pubescence ; bracts lanceolate, silky,
caducous ; pedicels erecto-patent, lower £-2 in. long. Calyx-tube ^-f in., not narrowed
upwards ; sepals coriaceous, finally distinct. Petals, stamens and ovary as in the last.
Pod £ ft. long, 2 in. broad, thin, firm, strongly veined.

33. B. phoenicea, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 5800 ; ecirrhose, leaves 9-nerved,
pubescence thin dark ferruginous, pedicels short, sepals not fully distinct as long-
as the cylindrical tube, petals glabrous little exserted. W. fy A. Prodr. 296.
B. Benthami, Bedel. Ic. t. 107. B. ruficarpa, Dew. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ix. 430 ?
Phanera phoenicea, Benth. PI. Jungh. 262.

284 L. leguminos^:. (J. G. Baker.) [Bauhinia.

Ghauts of Travancore and Canara.

An extensive climber, with slender branches, clothed at first with fine ferruginous
pubescence. Leaves rigidly subcoriaceous, slightly cordate, thinly silky on the ribs
when young, the obtuse lobes reaching £-£ down. Eacemes few-flowered, short-pe-
duncled, axillary and terminal. Calyx-tube £-f in. Fertile stamens 5. Petals
oblanceolate, with a distinct claw as long as the limb. Ovary densely rusty-downy,
with a long style and stalk and small stigma. Pod flat, finely rusty-downy, | ft. long,
an inch broad, with a raised rib on either side of the upper suture.

34. S. purpurea, Linn. ; Roxb. Hart. Beng. 31 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 320 ;
ecirrhose, leaves 9-11-nerved, pubescence grey, pedicels short, sepals not fully
distinct exceeding the turbinate tube, petals oblanceolate glabrous exserted.
Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 497; Wall. Cat. 5797, excl. A, E, L, ex parte ;
W. 8> A. Prodr. 296 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 92, nan DC. B. triandra, Roxb. Hort.
Beng. 31 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 320 ; Wall. Cat. 5799. B. coroniandeliana, DC. Prodr.
ii. 515. Phanera purpurea, Benth. PL Jungh. 262.

From the foot of the West Himalayas and Khasia Mts. (alt. 4000 ft.), to Ceylon
and Penang. — Distrib. China.

A middle-sized erect tree, with moderately stout glabrescent branchlets. Leaves
rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous, shallowly cordate, the lobes obtuse or subacute, reach-
ing £-£ way down. Flowers in terminal and axillary short-peduncled few-flowered
corymbs ; bracts minute, deltoid ; lower pedicels \-^ in. Calyx-tube £-4 in. ; limb
f— 1 in., coriaceous, slit into two valves, which show a division into 5 teeth. Petals
oblanceolate, with a long claw, reddish, twice the calyx. Fertile stamens 3-4. Ovary
grey downy, with a long stalk and style and moderately large oblique stigma. Pod
4-1 ft, by f-1 in., firm, flat, glabrous, late in dehiscing, rather decurved, 12-15-
seeded.

35. E. varieg-ata, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 514 ; ecirrhose, leaves 9-11-
nerved, pubescence grey, pedicels short, calyx-limb entire spathaceous equall-
ing the cylindrical tube, petals glabrous obovate clawed much exserted. Ham.
in Tram. Linn. Soc. xiii. 496; Roxb. Hort. Benq. 31 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 319; Wall.
Cat. 5795 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 92. B. purpurea, Wall. Cat. 5797, ex parte. B.
Candida, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 318 ; Wall. Cat. 5796, non Ait.
Phanera variegata, Benth. PI. Jungh. 262.

From the foot of the "Western Himalayas, and Sikkim, alt. 4000 ft., and through
India proper, to Birma. — Distrib. China.

General habit of the last, to which it is closely allied. Leaves rather broader than
deep, middle-sized, rigidly subcoriaceous, deeply cordate, the obtuse lobes reaching
%— ^ down. Corymbs few-flowered, lateral, sessile or short-peduncled; bracts minute,
deltoid ; pedicels erecto-patent, \-% in. Ca/y.r-tube f-1 in. ; limb cordate-ovate,
remaining to the end spathaceous and entire. Petals 1^-2 in. long, an inch or more broad,
white, beautifully variegated with red and yellow, sometimes pure white (B. Candida,
Eoxb.) Stamens 3-5. Ovary with a long stalk and style and a minute stigma. Pod
^-1 ft. long, f-1 in. broad, hard, flat, glabrous, rather decurved, dehiscent, 10-15-
seeded.

Sect. 5. Lasiobema, Korthals, gen. Fertile stamens 3. Calyx-tube
scarcely any. Floicers minute, in copiously panicled racemes.

36. B. anguiua, Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. t. 285 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 328 ; DC. Prodr.
ii. 516 ; Wall. Cat. 5773 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 298. B. scandens, Linn. Sp. Plant,
edit. i. 374, ex parte (Rheede Hort. Mai. viii. t. 30-51). Lasiobema anguina and
Horsfieldii, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 71.

From Eastern Bengal and Sikkim to Birma and Eastern and Western
Peninsula. — Distrib. Malay isles.

JBauMnia.] l. leguminos^:. (J. Gr. Baker.) 285

A climbing glabrous shrub, with copious circinate tendrils. Leaves thin, deeply
cordate, 5-7-nerved, the cleft very variable, sometimes scarcely perceptible, some-
times a deep deltoid sinus and the points acuminate. Bacemes cylindrical, 2-6 in.
long, arranged in ample axillary and terminal panicles; bracts minute, linear;
pedicels £ in., erecto-patent, finely downy. Calyx ±z in. long, broadly campanulate,
with 5 deltoid, teeth. Petals white, oblanceolate, twice the length of the calyx. Pod
thin, flat, oblong, glabrous, indehi scent, stalked, 1|~2 in. long, 1-2-seeded.

Sect. 6. Casparea, DO. Calyx-txihe fusiform; limb spathaceous.
Fertile stamen one.

37. B. monandra, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 73.

Birma, Dr. Brandts.

Young branches puberulous, Leaves round-ovate, truncate at the base, palmately
11-nerved, chartaceous, l-l£ in. long, glabrous above, downy on the ribs below, cut
one-third down into two rounded lobes. Bacemes short, terminal, pubescent ; pedicels
1— 1| in., densely puberulous ; bracts minute, subulate. Calyx downy externally.
Petals l£ in., obovate-cuneate, glabrous, undulated, probably whitish. Ovary stalked,
fulvo-villose ; style slender, twice as long as the ovary. Pod unknown. — Ex Kurz
loc. cit.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

E. ltjcida, Wall. Cat. 5779 B (totally different from 5779 A), grown in the Cal-
cutta garden from Penang, has the fully divided leaves of section Lysiphyllum, but
the flower is unknown. The half-leaves are dimidiate cordate-ovate, twice -as long as
broad, narrowed gradually to a point, rigidly subcoriaceous, 3-4-nerved, with the ribs
beneath clothed with adpressed ferruginous tomentum. It may be the Malayan
Phanera diptera, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 70.

B. piperifolia, Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 327 (Phanera, Benth. PI. Jungh. 262), from the
mountain forests of Silhet, is said to be a climber with entire cordate 5-7-nerved
smooth lucid leaves, terminal panicles and 1-2-seeded round-oval pods.

115. NEPTUNIA, Lour.

Herbs without prickles. Leaves bipinnate, with persistent stipules and
numerous small strap-shaped sensitive membranous leaflets. . Floivers minute,
dimorphous, in dense heads on axillary peduncles, polygamous, those of the
lower part of the head bearing only protruded flattened staminodia. Calyx
minute, campanulate, 5-toothed. Petals 5, strap-shaped, connate near the base.
/Stamens of the perfect flowers exserted ; anthers gland-crested. Ovary stalked,
many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma club-shaped. Pod coriaceous, flattened,
ligulate or oblong, 2-valved. — Distrib. Species 8 ; cosmopolitan1 in the tropics.

1. N= oleracea, Low. ; Benth. in Hook. Journ. iv. 354 ; stems almost
entirely prostrate, leaflets 16-30, sterile flowers numerous, pod oblique oblong
G-10-seeded. Bah. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 84. Mimosa natang, Boxb. Cor. PL
t. 119; Hort. Beng. 40; Fl. Ind. ii. 553. Desmanthus natans, Willd.; DC.
Prodr. ii. 444 ; Wall. Cat. 5295 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 270. D. lacustris and
stolonifer, DC. Prodr. loc. cit.

North West provinces, to Ceylon and Malacca.— Distrib. Cosmopolitan in
"tropics.

Stems stout, annual, wide-creeping, rarely throwing out l suberect branches, pro-
ducing copious. fibroffS rootlets from the same nodes that bear the leaves and
peduncles. Pinna 4-6, 2-3 in. long ; rad)is_^apdless. ; leaflets glabrous, obtuse, -^-^
in. long. Peduncles ascending, £-1 ft. ; bracts small, ovate, subobtuse. Staminodes
|r| in., strap-shaped, yellow. Corolla £z in. Pod \-\ in. long, rostrate, dry, soon
dehiscing by the upper suture.

286 L. LEGUMIN0S2E. (J. Gr. Baker.) [Nepiunia.

2. N. triquetra, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 355 ; steins slender
ascending, leaflets 28-30 small, sterile flowers few, pod oblong not oblique
4— 8-seeded. Dalz. Sf Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 84. Mimosa triquetra, Vahl ; Roxb. Ilort.
Beng.4Q; Fl. Ind. ii. 552. Desmanthus triquetrus, Willd.\ DC. Prodr. ii.
444 ; Wall. Cat. 5296 ; W. 8? A. Prodr. 270 ; Wight Ic. t. 756.

Western Peninsula and Bundelkund. — Distrib. Brazil ?

A low diffuse perennial, with slender stems, angular upwards. Stipules small,
acute; pinnae 2-6, an inch or less long, with a gland on the rachis between the
lowest pair; leaflets fc-\ in. Heads small, globose, long or short-peduncled.
Corolla yellow, j$ in. long. Sterile flowers sometimes quite absent from the heads.
p0d 4_i in. long, with more membranous valves than in the two others, and a very
minute beak.

N. plena, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 355 ; stems stout ascending,
leaflets 40-60, sterile flowers numerous, pod oblong-ligulate 15-20-seeded.
Mimosa Adenanthera, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 554. Desmanthus Adenanthera, Wall.
Cat. 5298. D. plenus, punctatus and polyphyllus, DC. Prodr. ii. 444-5.

North "West provinces and Ceylon, introduced. A native of Tropical America.

Glabrous throughout. Steins comparatively stout, suffruticose, several feet high.
Pinna 6-10, with a gland_fretween the lowest pair; leaflets like those of the last.
Stipules and bracts copious, cordate-ovate, acuminate. Heads copious, oblong.
Flowers and heads just like those of N. oleracea, but the pod twice as long.

116. XYLZA, Benth.

Tall unarmed tree. Leaves bipinnate. Flowers in round heads, mostly
perfect. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed at the tip. Petals 5, valvate, slightly united
at the base, little longer than the calyx. Stamens 10, free, exserted ; anthers
gland-crested in an early stage. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled ; style filiform,
stigma minute terminal. Pod large, woody, oblong-falcate, finally dehiscing,
flat, septate between the oblong compressed seeds. — A single species.

1. X. dolabriformis, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 417. Dalz. fy Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 85 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 186 ; Brand. For. Fl. 171. Mimosa xylocarpa,
Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 100; Hort. Beng. 40; Fl. ind. ii. 543. Inga xylocarpa, DC.
Prodr. ii. 439 ; Wall. Cat. 5277 ; W. 8; A. Prodr. 269. I. lignosa, Grah. in
Wall. Cat. 5278. I. dolabriformis, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5279.

Western Peninsula, Birma, Sincapore. — Distrib. Philippines.

A tall tree, without prickles. Pinnce 2; leaflets 4-10, opposite, with an odd
one on the outside and with a gland on the rachis between each, oblong, acute,
subcoriaceous, glabrous, 3-6 in. long, the lowest much shorter. Flowers sessile, in
dense globose peduncled heads, crowded on short branchlets developed with the
young leaves. Corolla \ in. Pod 4-6 in. by l-2£ in., 6-10-seeded.

117. ENTADA, Adans.

Woody unarmed climbers with tendrils. Leaves bipinnate. Floivers in
long narrow spikes, minute, yellowish, polygamous. Calyx minute, campanu-
late, equally 5-toothed. Corolla oblong in bud, the 5 long equal narrow lobes
falcate in expansion. Stamens 10, free, shortly exserted, filaments filiform ;
anthers crowned with a gland. Ovary subsessile, many-ovuled ; style filiform,
stigma concave terminal. Pod flat, woody, very large, composed of many discoid
one-seeded joints, the endocarp persisting round the large compressed orbicular
seeds. — Distrib. Species 10, the others Trop. African and American.

JEntada.~\ l. leguminos^;. (J.G.Baker.) 287

1. ZS. scandens, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 332. Brand. For. Fl.
167. E. Purssetha, DC. Prodr. ii. 425 ; Wall. Cat. 5293 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 267 ;
Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 83. E. monostachya, DC. Prodr. loc. cit.; Wall. Cat.
5293. E. Kheedei and Parrana, Spreng. Syst. ii. 325. E. Purssetha and E.
Rumphii, Scheff. in Natuur. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxxii. 99, t. 16-18. Mimosa
scandens, Linn. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 554. — Rheede Hort. Mai. viii. t. 32-34 ; ix.
t. 77.

Central and Eastern Himalayas, Nipal, ascending to 4000 ft. in Sikkim, Western
Peninsula, Ceylon, Malacca. — Distrib. Cosmopolitan in the tropics.

An immense climber, with slender terete woody branches. Leaves long-petioled,
the rachis usually ending in a tendril; pinnae stalked, mostly 4 ; leaflets oblong or
obovate, obtuse or acute, 1-2 in. long, rigidly coriaceous. Spikes peduncled, \ ft.
long or more, usually panicled from the nodes of old leafless branches, sometimes
simple from the axils of the leaves (E. monostachya, DC). Flowers ^-£ in. long,
sessile or on short pedicels. Pod 1-2 ft. or more by 3-4 in., curved, constricted
"between the seeds. Seeds 2 in. broad.

118. ADENANTHERA, Linn.

Erect trees without spines or tendrils. Leaves ample, bipinnate. Flowers
minute, in narrow spike-like racemes, hermaphrodite, usually pentamerous.
Calyx campanulate, equally toothed. Petals valvate, equal, lanceolate, cohering
•only at the very base. Stamens 10, free, equalling the corolla ; anthers tipped
with a gland. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma minute
capitate. Pod strap- shaped, Jorulose, falcate, the coriaceous valves much
twisted after they separate. Seeds small, bright-coloured. — Distrib. Species 4,
spread through tropics of Old World.

1. A. pavonina, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 446 ; pinnae 8-12, leaflets
12-18 obtuse, seeds concolorous usually bright scarlet. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 370 ;
Wall. Cat. 5300 ; W. & A. Prodr. 271 ; Wight III. t. 84 (80) ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
t. 46; Brand. For. Fl. 168.

East Himalayas (ascending to 4000 ft. in Sikkim), Westebn Peninsula and
Ceylon, shore of Malay gulf. — Distrib. Malay isles, Timor, China, Philippines.

Pinnce short-stalked, 4-8 iD. long; leaflets oblong, alternate, short-stalked, not
coriaceous, f-1^ in. long. Racemes short-peduncled, 2-6 in. long, \ in. broad,
simple from the axils of the leaves and panicled at the end of the branches ;
pedicels as long as the flower, ^-£ in. Pod 6-9 in. by £ in., falcate, 10-12-seeded.
Seeds rarely yellow-brown.

2. A. tricolor, Moon) Thwaites Fnum. 98; pinnae and leaflets 6-8, the
latter acute, seeds half black half bright red. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 94.

Ceylon, Walker, &c. Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.

Pinna short-stalked, 2-3 in. long. Leaflets ovate, rigidly sub coriaceous, f-l£
in. long. Raceme and pod just like those of A. pavonina, the flower perhaps
rather smaller.

119. FROSOFIS, Linn.

Erect trees or shrubs with scattered prickles. Leaves bipinnate, with small
narrow leaflets. Flowers minute, in narrow spikes or subspicate racemes, poly-
gamous. Calyx minute, campanulate, subentire or faintly 5-toothed. Petals 5,
ligulate, subcoherent at the base. Stamens 10, free, slightly exserted, filaments
filiform ; anthers crowned with a gland. Ovary stalked, many-ovuled ; style

288 L. leguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) [Prosopis.

filiform, stigma minute terminal. Pod turgid, cylindrical or oblong, with a thick
spongy mesocarp, septate between the seeds. — Distrib. Species 18, cosmopolitan
in the tropics.

1. P. spicig-era, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 446 ; pinnae mostly 4, rachis
glabrous, flowers sessile, calyx truncate not ciliated, pod slender cylindrical
torulose. Roxb. Cor. PI. i. t. 63 ; Wall. Cat. 5299 ; W. 8f A. Prodr. 271 ;
Dalz. Sf Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 84 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 56 ; Brand. For. Flor. 169,
t. 25 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 634. P. spicata, Burm. Ind. 102, t. 25, fig. 3.
Adenanthera aculeata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 371.

Punjab, Scinde, Western Peninsula. — Distrib. Affghanistan, Persia.

A low tree, with slender grey branches. Prickles copious few or none, |— \ in.,
nearly straight, at first straw-coloured. Pinna 1-2 in. long; leaflets 16-24, sessile,
i-Jf in., ligulate, with an ascending cusp, grey, glabrous, rigidly coriaceous, caducous.
Flowers in short-peduncled axillary spikes, 2-3 in. long, and terminal panicles.
Corolla ^ in. long. Pod straight, edible, glabrous, 4-6 in. long, | in. thick, nar-
rowed gradually into a short stalk, the mesocarp farinaceous. Seeds 10-15, dull
brown, oblong.

2. P. Stephaniana, Kunth ; Benth. in Hook. Journ. iv. 347 ; pinnae
6-10, rachis downy, flowers short-pedicelled, pod thick oblong. Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 633 ; Brand. For. Fl. 170. Lagonychium Stephanianum, M. Bieb. ;
DC. Prodr. ii. 448. Mimosa agrestis, Sieb. ; Spr. Syst. ii. 206.

Punjab, near Peshawur, &c, Falconer, Stewart. — Distrib. Caucasus, Orient,
Afghanistan.

A low bushy tree, with downy slender whitish branchlets, armed with copious
slender stramineous prickles. Leaflets like those of P. spicigera, but smaller and
downy. Flowers rather larger. . Pod oblique oblong, ^—1 in. long, ^ in. thick, black,
rugose, obtuse, contracted abruptly into the stalk ; mesocarp pulpy. Seeds sub-
biseriate.

120. DICHROSTACHYS, DC.

Shrubs. Leaves bipinnate, with minute coriaceous leaflets. Flowers
minute, spicate, dimorphous, polygamous, only perfect in the upper half of the
spike, those of the lower half bearing long filiform staminodia. Calyx minute,
campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla oblong, the 5 strap-shaped petals subconnate
towards the base. Stamens of the perfect flowers slightly exserted, filaments
filiform free ; anthers gland-crested. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled ; style filiform,
stigma capitate. Pod small, strap-shaped, coriaceous, indehiscent, subarticu-
lated, continuous within, twisted up when mature. — Distrib. Species 4-5,
confined to the tropics of the Old World. ,

1. X>. cinerea, W. # A. Prodr. 271 ; Wight Ic. t. 357 ; Dalz. f Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 84 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 185 ; Brand. For. Fl. 171. Mimosa cinerea, Linn. ;
Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 174 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 561. Desmanthus cinereus, Willd. ; DC.
Prodr. ii. 445. Acacia cinerea, Spreng. ; Wall. Cat. 5231. A. Dalea, Desv. ;
DC. Pi-odr. ii. 459.

North "West Provinces, Western Peninsula, Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay isles,
N. Australia, and doubtfully distinct from D. nutans, of Tropical Africa.

A much-branched shrub, with copious spreading branchlets, ending in spines.
Leaves 1-1^ in. long and broad ; rachises often downy ; pinnse 16-20 ; leaflets 24-40,
strap-shaped, sessile, rigidly coriaceous, i-|- in. long. Spikes axillary, short-
peduncled, 1-2 in. long. Corolla ~ in. Staminodes red-purple, h in. long. Pod
2-3 in. by £-f in., 6-10 -seeded, dry, glabrous.

Piptadenia.'] l. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) 289

121. PIPTADENIA, Benth.

Erect trees, unarmed or prickly. Leaves bipinnate. Flowers small, in
dense spikes, hermaphrodite, pentamerons. Calyx campanulate, shortly 5-
toothed. Petals 5, valvate, equal, lanceolate, cohering at the base. Stamens
10, free, as long as the corolla ; anthers tipped with a deciduous gland. Ovary
stalked, many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma terminal. Pod long, thin, strap-
shaped, flat. Seeds brown, compressed.— -Distrib. Species 30, all the rest but
two from Africa Tropical American.

1. P. oudhensis, Brand. For. Flor. 168 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxx. 366.

Otjdh, in forests under the base of the hills in G-onda, Bichd. Thompson.

A middle-sized tree, armed with large conical prickles, glabrous except the inflo-
rescence. Pinncs 4, long-stalked, each of a single pair of nearly sessile obtuse
obovate coriaceous leaflets 2 in. long. Panicles axillary, much shorter than the
leaves ; spikes dense, 1-1 5 in. by § in. Calyx minute ; teeth obscure. Petals A in.,
lanceolate, greenish-yellow. Stamens just exserted. Pod 9-12 in. by f in., with a
long stalk, nearly straight. Seeds 15-20.

122. PARKIA, R. Br.

Tall, unarmed trees. Leaves bipinnate with very numerous leaflets. Flowers
in dense long-peduncled heads, each subtended by a coriaceous persistent ligu-
late bract with a spoon-shaped tip. Calyx tubular, shortly 5-cleft. Corolla
tubular, cleft half-way down, the segments subvalvate. Stamens 10, exserted,
the filiform filaments united in the lower part with each other and the corolla-
tube ; anthers narrow, glandless, the pollen cohering in irregular masses. Ovary
stalked, many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma minute capitate. Pod large, flat,
strap-shaped, coriaceous, finally dehiscing. — Distrib. Species 8, cosmopolitan
in the tropics, mostly American.

1. P. biglandulosa, W. Sf A. Prodr. 279 ; glands of petiole 2, leaflets
linear-ligulate 150-200 to a pinna. Mimosa pedunculata, Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii.
551.

Malay peninsula, Boxburgh. Elsewhere cultivated.

Kachis of leaf downy, 1 ft. or more long ; pinnae 40-60, 3-4 in. long ; leaflets
1 -nerved, rigid, \ in. by i in. Peduncle under a foot long in the specimens seen.
Calyx g- in. ; tube glabrous ; teeth pilose. Immature pod downy, narrowed gradually
into a long stalk.

2. P. Rozburg'hii, G. Don Gen. Syst. ii. 397 ; gland of petiole solitary,
leaflets linear-ligulate 100 or more to a pinna. P. Brunonis, Grah. in Wall.
Cat. 5288. P. biglobosa, Benth. in Hook. Journ. iv. 328. Mimosa biglobosa,
Boxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 551, non Jacq.

Assam, Silhet, Birma, Malay Peninsula. — Distrib. Malay isles.

An erect tree, 40-60 feet high. Leaf-va,ch\s a foot or more long, glabrous or
pubescent; pinnse 20 or more, 3-4 in. long; leaflets 100-120, £-^ in. by ^ in., with
rarely any other veins than the costa perceptible. Peduncle l-l£ ft. ; flowers in tur-
binate heads 2-3 in. long. Calyx \ in. ; tube cylindrical, glabrous ; lobes pilose.
Pod 1 ft. by 1-1^ in., narrowed into a 3-4 in. stalk.

3. P. leiophylla, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 73 ; leaflets
broad-ligulate 50-60 to a pinna, pinnee 20 or more.

vol. 11. v

290 l. LEGUMINOS.E. (J. G. Baker.) [Parhia.

Pegu, Kurz.

An erect tree 80-120 f8el high. Leaf- 1-2 'feet long; rachis fulvo-pubescent,
pinnae 4 in. long ; leaflets rigidly coriaceous, shining, glabrous, £ in. by £ in., with a
distinct fork from the base of the costa and penninerved veinlets. Peduncle 1-li ft.
Calyx ^ in. ; tube glabrous ; lobes round, densely fulvo-tomentose. Pod l-l£ ft. by
l£ in., glabrous, slightly torulose, narrowed into a 6-9 in. stalk.

4. P. insignia, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 74 ; leaflets
oblong 40-50 to a pinna, pinnae about 8.

Mabtaban, Kurz.

An erect tree, 80-100 ft. high. Leaf 1-2 ft. long; rachis fulvo- or ferrugineo-
tomentose ; leaflets 1 in. by £ in., coriaceous, penninerred, glabrous above except on
the ribs, pubescent beneath. Peduncles a foot long, many arising from the apex of
the branches. Calyx § in. ; tube glabrous ; lobes obovate-cuneate, with adpressed
fulvous pubescence. Pod unknown.— Ex Kurz loc. cit.

, 123. DESMANTHUS, Willd.

Suffruticose perennials with the habit and leaves of Neptunia. Flowers
polygamous. Calyx minute, campanulate, 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate, finally
nearly free. Stamens 10 ; filaments free, filiform ; anthers not gland-crested.
Ovary sessile, linear, many-oviiled ; style filiform, stigma clavate. Pod linear,
straight, coriaceous, dehiscent. — Distrib. Species 8, indigenous in America
only.

D. vtrgattjs, Willd.; DC. Prodr. ii. 445; Wall. Cat. 5297; W. $ A.
Prodr. 270. D. strictus and leptophyllus, DC. loc. cit. Mimosa virgata, Linn.
JSp. 1502.

Scattered through India proper and Ceylon, but only introduced. — Distbib. Wild
through Trop. America and introduced in Africa.

A glabrous shrubby perennial, 3-4 ft. high, with virgate branches ; stipules
subulate. Flowers in solitary globose peduncled axillary heads. Leaves with 6-8
pinnae, with a gland on the rachis between the lowest ; leaflets 30-40. Pod 2-3 in.
long, 20-30-seeded.

124. LEUC2ENA, Benth.

Unarmed erect trees. Leaves bipinnate. Flowers sessile, in dense globose
beads, 5-merous, usually perfect. Calyx cylindrical-campanulate, shortly-
toothed. Petals valvate, free. Stamens 10, free, much exserted ; anthers not
gland-crested. Ovary stalked, many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma minute
terminal. Pod flat, coriaceous, strap-shaped, dehiscent. — Distrib. Species 8,
mostly American.

1. Zj. g-lauca, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 416. Acacia frondosa,
Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 468 ; W. 8> A. Prodr. 276. A. Caringa, Ham. in Wall.
Cat. 5239. A. glauca, biceps and leucocephala, DC. Prodr. ii. 467-8.

Spread throughout India, as it is through Trop. Asia and Africa, but probably
indigenous only in Tropical America.

A low erect tree, without spines. Pinna 8-16; leaflets 20-30, linear, acute,
glaucous, membranous, caducous, j~k in., finely downy. Heads short-peduncled, very
dense, often in pairs, £-rf in. broad. Corolla whitish, £ in. Stamens twice the length
of the corolla. Pod straight, 5-6 in. by f-£ in., 15-20-seeded, soon dehiscing.

3Iimosa.] l. leguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) 291

125, BIIIKOfi^- T^n.

Shrubs or herbs, with or without prickles. Leaves in the indigenous species
Tfipinnate ; leaflets small, sensitive, ligulate, caducous. Flowers minute, in
dense globose heads, polygamous, in the Indian species mostly tetramerous.
Calyx campanulate, shortly toothed. Petals connate towards the base. Stamens
twice the number of the petals, much exserted, filaments filiform, free ; anthers
not gland-crested. Ovary stalked, many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma minute
terminal. Pod flat, membranous, made up of 1-seeded joints that separate
when mature from the sutures. — Distrib. Species 230, mostly confined to
Trop. America.

[LIU. pudicayZmrc. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 426; stem and rachises copiously X.
bristly and pricklv, leaves digitate^ pod small with densely prickly sutures. '
. Roxb. Hort. Bengal \ Fl. Tnd. ii. 564 ; Wall. Cat. 5292.

Spread through the hotter parts of India, possibly introduced from Trop. America.

Shrubby, the copious bristly hairs of the branchlets and petioles deflexed, those
of the leaf-rachis ascending. Pinna of the lea ves,^-^ nearly sessile, 2-3 in. long;
leaflets 24-40, glabrous, subcoriaceous. Flowers in small peduncled heads, all down
the branches, 1-2 from each axil. Pod £ in. long, 3-4-seeded, with very abundant
i straw-coloured weak prickles from both sutures, as long as the breadth of the pod.

2. BX. rubicaulis, Lam. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 429 ; rachises copiously prickly
not bristly, leaves bipinnate, pinnae 8-20, pod strap-shaped, the sutures mostly
without prickles. Wall. Cat. 5289 ; W. 8? A. Prodr. 268 ; Dak. # Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 85. M. octandra, Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 200 ; Hort. Beng. 41 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 564.
INI. mutabilis, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 41 ; Fl. Ind. loc. cit. M. Rottleri, Spreng.
Syst. ii. 206.

Western Himalayas, ascending to 5000 ft. in Kumaon, westward to Mishmi and
Bhotan, and through India proper. — Distrib. Afghanistan.

A low tree, with slender grooved finely grey-downy branches, armed with copious
small scattered hooked spines. Leaflets 12-24, membranous, \-\ in. long, rather
downy below, not venulose, with an obscure recurved cusp. Heads §~| in. broad, on
short simple erecto-patent peduncles, from the leaf axils and crowded at the top of
the branchlets, at first reddish, afterwards bleached. Corolla & in. Pod rather
falcate, 3-4 in. by §-§ in., 6-10-seeded, the sutures rarely furnished (M. spinosisi-
liqua, Bottler) with a few distant prickles.

3. UK. ham at a, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 427 ; rachises copiously prickly
not bristly, leaves bipinnate, pinnae 6-8, pod ligulate-oblong with the sutures

; armed with large hooked prickles. W. $• A. Prodr. 268 ; Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 85. M. armata, Rottl. ; Spreng. Syst. ii. 206 ; Wall. Cat. 5290.

Western Peninsula.

Closely allied to M. rubicaulis, with which it agrees in prickles, general habit and
inflorescence. Leaflets 12-20, oblique, ligulate-oblong, ±-\ in. long, downy or
glabrous. Pod rather shorter and broader, downy or glabrous, 4-6-seeded.

4. XtX. sepiaria, Bentli. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 395 ; rachises without
either prickles or bristles, leaves bipinnate, pinnae 12-14, pod ligulate with un-
harmed sutures.

Sincapore, SchomburgJc, Maingay. — Distrib. China. Doubtless introduced into
Asia from Trop. America, where it is common.

A woody shrub, glabrous except the leaf-rachises, which are slightly downy.
.Leaflets 12-20, rigidly coriaceous, narrow ligulate, caducous, \-\ in. long, with a

v2

292 l. leguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) [Acrocarpus.

distinct midrib nearer the upper side and conspicuous veinlets. Heads globose, form-
ing an ample patent panicle; with compound spreading lower branches. Flowers some-
times pentamerous. Corolla 5\ in. Pod distinctly stalked, nearly straight, l£-2 in.
by ^-| in., glossy, finely reticulato-venulose, 6-8-seeded.

126. ACROCARPTJS, W. & A.

An erect unarmed tree. Leaves bipinnate. Flowers racemed. Calyx cam-
panulate, cleft about half-way down into 5 equal lanceolate teeth, the disk com-
pletely investing the tube. Petals oblanceolate, equal, half as long again as the
calyx. Stamens 5, exserted, straight, equal ; anthers uniform. Ovary stalked,
linear, many-ovuled ; style incurved, very short, stigma small terminal. Pod
long-stalked, flat, ligulate, many-seeded, with a wing down the upper suture. —
Distrib. A single species.

1. A. fraxinlfolius, Wight le. t. 254 (excluding the leaf)-, Arnott in
Jardine Mag. ii. 547 ; Wight III. p. 198 ; Bedd.Fl. Sylv. t. 44. A. combreti-
florus, Teysm. 8f Binnen. ; Walp. Ann. vii. 811.

<• Nilghiris, Wight, Beddome, Brandts. Sikxim, Hook. fil. — Distrib. Sumatra.

A large unarmed erect tree, 50 feet high before it forks. Pinna 8, a foot or more
long; leaflets 10-12, nearly sessile, oblong, rather oblique, glabrous, subcoriaceous,
3-4 in. long. Flowers in dense simple racemes produced in February, when the leaves
are fallen ; pedicels short, drooping. Calyx \ in. Petals scarlet, slightly imbricated
in bud. Filaments twice the length of the corolfa. Ovules about 15. Pod long-
stalked, thin, flat, with a wing down the upper suture.

127. ACACIA, Willd.

Spinose or prickly shrubs or trees, erect or climbing. Leaves bipinnate,
with minute leaflets. Flowers in globoseheads or cylindrical spikes, herma-
phrodite or polygamous, usually pentamerous. Calyx campanulate or funnel-
shaped, shortly toothed. Petals exserted, united in the lower half. Stamens
free, indefinite, much exserted ; anthers minute, not gland-crested. Ovary stalked
or sessile, many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma minute capitate. Pod ligulate
or oblong, not jointed) usually compressed and dry, dehiscent or indehiscent,
rarely turgid or subcylindrical, sutures straight or wavy, not thickened. — Distrib.
Species 430, the foliiferous groups cosmopolitan in the tropics, the great phyllo-
dineous series, which comprises two-thirds of the genus, almost restricted to
Australia.

A. melanoxylon, E; Br., and A. dealbata, Link, both Australian species, have been
extensively planted in the Nilghiris.

Series I. G-ummiferae globiferae. Erect shrubs or trees. Spines
long and straight. Stipules spinescent. Flowers in rounded he&ds.

1. A. Farnesiana, Willd.-, DC. Prodr. ii. 461; pinnae 8-16, leaflets
20-40, heads axillary, pod thick short cylindrical glabrous with straight
sutures biserial seeds and pulpy mesocarp. Wall. Cat. 5264, excl. 1. ; Bedd.
Fl. Sylv. t. 52. Mimosa Farnesiana, Linn. ; Boxb. Hart. Beng. 40 ; Fl. Ind.
ii. 55*7. Vachellia Farnesiana, W. § A. Prodr. 272 ; Wt. Ic. t. 300. Acacia
indica, Desv. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 462. Farnesia odora, Gaspar in Linneea, 1839,
Litter. 134.

Himalayas to Ceylon and Penang, — Distrib. Cosmopolitan in the Tropics, but
often planted.

A shrub or low tree, with slender zigzag branches, marked with grey dots. Spines
stipular only, seldom over \—\ in. long on the branchle ts. im/-rachises downy, with
a minute petiolar gland; pinnse 1-1£ in. long; leaflets green, subglabrous, rigidly

Acacia.'] l. LEGUMiNOSiE. (J. G. Baker.) 293

coriaceous. Peduncles crowded in the nodes of full-grown leaves, shorter than the
leaves, with the ring of bracts at or near the apex. Heads fragrant, bright yellow,
under ^ in. diam. Calyx campanulate, very minute. Corolla^fin. ; teeth short,
obtuse. Pod 2-3 in. long, £ in. thick, dull brown, marked with fine ^close horizontal
striae.

2. A. planifrons, W. $ A. Prodr. 276; pinnae 10-16, leaflets 16-24,
heads axillarv, pod narrow ligulate turgid with straight sutures. Bedd. Fl.
Sylv. 95. A.'Farnesiana, Wall. Cat. 5264 I. A. Koxburghii, W. # A. Prodr.
276. A. Canipbellii, Am. Pug. 15. Mimosa eburnea, Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 199 ;
Fl. Ind. ii. 558, non Linn. M. horrida, Sm. in Rees Cyclop. t

Western Peninsula.

A tree, with a flat umbrella-like top, and glabrous branches with grey lenti-
cular dots. Spines J-1 in. long, the old ones spreading, \ in. thick, very pungent.
Leaves glabjous, very small ; glands of the rachis 0 or minute ; pinnae \-~ ini long ;
leaflets — —fe in., rigidly coriaceous, glaucous-green, glabrous. Heads in clusters
from the axils of mature branchlets, \-\ in. diam. ; peduncles very slender, with
the involucre below the middle. Corolla fc in., yellow, twice the calyx. Pod
subcylindrical, glabrous, 2-3 in. long, \-\ in. thick, circinate, rigidly subcoriaceous,
indehiscent.

-**%3. A. arabica, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 461 ; pinna? 6-12, leaflets 20-40,
heads axillary, pod straight strap-shaped firm grey-downy with sutures deeply
indented between each seed. Wall. Cat. 5246 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 277 ; Bedd.
Fl. Sylv. t. 47 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 86. A. vera, Willd. loc. cit. Mimosa
arabica, Lam. ; Roxb. Cor. PL t. 149 ; Sort. Beng. 40 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 557.

Punjab to Behae, Western Peninsula and Ceylon. — Distbib. Arabia, Egypt,
Trop. Africa, Natal. *"

A shrub or tree, with straight finely grey-downy branchlets. Spines \-2 in.
long, large, white, ascending and pungent on the older branchlets. Xeo/-rachises
downy, with several glands ; pinnae ^—1^ in. long ; leaflets membranous, green, J— \
in., glabrous or rather downy. Peduncles short, densely grey-downy, with the bracts
above the middle, 4-6-nate, the subtending leaves of the upper nodes reduced or
suppressed ; heads yellow, £ in. diam. Calyx i in., campanulate. Corolla twico
the length of the calyx. Pod rigidly coriaceous, subindehiscent, densely persistently
grey-downy, 8-12-seeded, \- % ft. by |-$ in., distinctly stalked.

4. A. eburnea, Willd.; DC. Prodr. ii. 461 ; pinnae 4-10, leaflets 12-16,
heads axillary, pod straight narrow-ligulate rigidly coriaceous dehiscent glabrous
with slightly repand sutures. W. 8r A. Prodr. 276 ; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl.
85 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 95 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 637. Mimosa eburnea, Linn. JU.
Suppl. 437, non Roxb.

East Himalayas and Punjab to the Western Peninsula and Ceylon. — Distbib.
Afghanistan, Arabia.

General habit of A. arabica, with fewer leaflets and a different pod. Branchlets
slender, downy or glabrous. Sjnnes £-2 in., the large ones white, £-£ in. Pinna
%-^ in. long, with a gland between the lowest pair ; leaflets —-£ in., rigidly
coriaceous, grey-green. Heads yellow, under £ in. diam. from the axils of developed
leaves ; peduncles densely grey-downy, with the involucre about the middle. Calyx
■ ^ in., funnel-shaped, shortly toothed. Corolla scarcely twice the length of the
calyx. Pod distinctly stalked, 3-6 in. by £ in., thin, flat, straight, drab, glossy,
rather venulose, 6-10-seeded.

5. A. Jacquemontii, Benth. in Hook. Joum. Bot. i. 499; pinnae 6-8f
leaflets 12-16, heads axillary, pod thin flat broad-ligulate dehiscent glabrous
with straight sutures.

294 L. leguminos^!. (J. G. Baker.) [Acacia.

Plains of the North West provinces.

General habit of A. eburnea, from which it mainly differs in the pod. Spines
slender, reaching 1^-2 in. long. Pinna J-$ in. long; leaflets grey -green, sub-
glabrous, rigidly coriaceous. Heads yellow, $ in. diam. Corolla fa in., twice the
length of the calyx. Pod straight, flexible, grey, 2-3 in. by 4— $ in., 5-6-seeded,
with a stalk £-£ in. long.

6. A. tomentosa, Willd.; DC. Prodr. ii. 462; pinnae 12-24, leaflets-
40-60, heads axillary, pod thin flat ligulate-falcate dry dehiscent with, straight
sutures thinly grey-downy. Wall. Cat. 5247; W. 8f A. Prodr. 276. Bedd.
Fl. Sylv. 95; Dak. $■ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 86. A. chrysocoma, Miq. Flor. Ind..
Bat. i. 6. Mimosa tomentosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 41 ; Fl. Lid. ii. 558. M.
Kleinii, Poir. Diet. Sujyjil. i. 82.

Western Peninsula, and Ceylon.

A small tree, with the branchlets and leaf-rachises densely clothed with fine grey
pubescence, the latter with several glands. Pinna 1-2 in. long ; leaflets £-£ in.,
grey-green, more or less downy, membranous or subcoriaceous. Developed spines
1-2 in. long, spreading, brown, not white. Heads purple, ^ in. diam. ; peduncles-;
stout, densely downy, with a medial involucre. Calyx ^ in., funnel-shaped, grey-
downy. Corolla subcylindrical, twice the length of the calyx. Pod 4-6 in. by ^ in.,
short-stalked, 6-10-seeded.

7. A. leucophleea, Willd.-, DC. Prodr. ii. 462; pinnae 12-24, leaflets
30-60, heads in ample terminal panicles, pod narrow ligulate falcate thin flat
tomentose with straight sutures. Wall. Cat. 5261 ; W. fy A. Prodr. 277 ; Dalz.
$ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 86 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 48. A. alba, Willd. ; DC. loc. ciL
A. arcuata, Decaisne Herb. Timor. Descr. 133. Mimosa leucophlaea, Roxb.
Cor. PI. t. 150 ; Fl. Ind, ii. 558. Mimosa alba, Rottl. in Nov. Act. Be?: 1803,.
208.

North West provinces to Ceylon and Birma. — Distrib. Malay isles, Timor.

Easily recognisable from all the foregoing by its panicled inflorescence. Spines-
^-1 in., white. Leaf-Tachises downy, with several glands ; pinnse l-l£ in. long ;
leaflets crowded, rigidly coriaceous, £- £ in. Panicle reaching a foot long and broad,
with long compound densely tomentose ascending branches, the lower only from
leafy nodes ; heads yellow, not more than £ in. diam. ; peduncles with the bract
medial, the upper very short. Corolla under ^ in. Pod 4-8 in. by ^-A in., sessile,,
subindehiscent, clothed with pale brown or grey persistent tomentum.

Var. microcephalia, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5263, sp. ; leaf-rachis glabrous, leaflets -
much larger £-§ in. long. A. densa, Wall. Cat. 5262. — Birma, Wallich.

Series II. Gummiferae spicatae. Erect trees. Spines short and
hooked, except in A. Latronum. Stipules spinescent. Floivers in peduncled
spikes in the axils of the leaves.

8. A . Suma, Kurz in Brand. For. Fl. 187 ; spines in pairs short hooked, .
pinnae 20-40, leaflets 60-100 small ligulate, rachises densely downy, corolla
scarcely exceeding the canescent calyx, pod strap-shaped straight. Benth. in
Linn, Trans, xxx. 519. A. Catechu, W. fy A. Pi'odr. 272 (excl. syn.) ; Benth. in
Hook. Lond. Journ. 1842, 510 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 86 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
t. 49. A. Sundra, Wall. Cat. 5227. . Mimosa Suma, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 41 ^
Fl. Ind. ii. 563. Mimosa frondosa and tamariscina, Heyne MSS. M. albida,
Roxb. MSS.

Bengal, Behar, Western Peninsula, Ceylon.

A middle-sized tree, with white bark and downy branchlets. Leaf-Ta,chis £ ft.
long, with a large basal gland and smaller ones between several of the upper pinnae ^
pinnae 1^-2 in. long ; leaflets very close, rigidly subcoriaceous, pale green, under
£ in. long. Spikes 1-4-nate, 3-1 in. long. Calyx xg-jg in., densely grey-downy ; .

Acacia.'} l. leguminos.2. (J. G. Baker.) 295

teeth deltoid. Corolla nearly white. Pod 3-4 in. by £- f in., rather thicker than in
the two following, reined, 6-8-seeded, distinctly beaked, subindehiscent, narrowed
suddenly into a stalk £-f in. long.

9. A. Catechu, Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 1079; spines short hooked in pairs,
pinnae 40-80, leaflets 60-100 small ligulate, rachises downy, corolla 2-3
times the tomentose calyx, pod strap-shaped straight. Wall. Cat. 5228, A, B,
0, F. Acacia catechuoides, Wall. Cat. 5229 A in part ; Benth. in Hook. Lond.
Journ. 1842, 510. A. polyacantha, Willd. Sp. iv. 1079 ? A. Wallichiana, DC.
Prodr. ii. 458 ? Mimosa Catechu, Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 175 ; Ker. Med. Obs. v. 151,
t. 4 ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 41 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 563 (both No. 41 and 42). Mimosa
catechuoides, Roxb. Fl. Ind. n. 562.

Through the Himalayas from the Punjab to Sikkim, ascending to 4-5000 ft.

BlRMA.

Very near A. Suma, from which it differs by its brown bark, darker yellow flowers,
calyx not more than half as long, both absolutely and in proportion to the corolla, and
not merely downy, but clothed with distinct spreading grey hairs, and by its nar-
rower thinner darker brown pod.

- 10. A. Sundra, DC. Prodr. ii. 458; spines short hooked in pairs,
pinnse 30-40, leaflets 40-80 small ligulate, rachises glabrous, corolla 3 times the
glabrous calyx, pod strap-shaped straight. W. 8f A. Prodr. 273 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 86 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 50. A. chundra, Willd. Sp. iv. 1078. A.
catechuoides, Wall. Cat. 5229 A, ex parte. A. Catechu, Brand. For. Flor. 186,
et Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 519, in part. Mimosa Sundra, Roxb. Cor. PI.
t. 225 ; Hort. Beng. 41 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 562.

"Western Peninsula, Ceylon, Birma.

Scarcely more than a variety of A. Catechu, from which it differs by its fewer
leaflets and pinnse, and by the total absence of pubescence from the leaflets leaf-
rachises and calyx, by the latter being rather shorter, and by the very dark brown
colour of its branchlets.

11. A. ferruginea, DC. Prodr. ii. 458; spines short hooked in pairs,
pinnae 6-12, leaflets 20-40 ligulate-oblong, rachises glabrous, corolla 2-3 times
the campanulate glabrous calyx, pod straight strap-shaped. Wall. Cat. 5226 ;
W. 8f A. Prodr. 273 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 51. Mimosa ferruginea, Roxb. Hort.
Beng. 41 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 561.

"Western Peninsula.

A middle-sized tree, with brown bark and glabrous or slightly downy branchlets.
Prickles sometimes suppressed. Xm/-rachis with a gland on the petiole and one be-
tween the uppermost pinnse ; pinnse 2-3 in. long ; leaflets %-% in. long, pale glaucous-
green, rigidly subcoriaceous. Spikes dense, 3-4 in. long. Corolla yellowish, ^ in.
Pod 3-4 in. long, £ in. broad, dark brown, glabrous, veined, distinctly stalked, 4-6-
seeded, the upper suture narrowly winged.

12. A. Senegal, Willd.-, DC. Prodr. ii. 459 in part-, spines small
hooked often 3-nate, pinnae 6-10, leaflets 16-28 small ligulate, rachises finely
downy, corolla twice the campanulate calyx, pod straight strap-shaped. A.
Verek, Guill. Sr Per. Fl. Seneg. i. 245, t. 56. A. rupestris, Stocks ; Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 638.

Scinde, Stocks. — Distrib. Arabia, tropical Africa.

A low tree, with flexuose glaucous grey branches, iea/'-rachises not above an inch
long, with a gland at the base and one between the upper pair of pinnse ; leaflets
rigidly subcoriaceous, £ in. long, glabrous, pale, glaucous -green. Spikes 2-3 in. long,

296 l. jleguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) [Acacia.

not very dense. Calyx ^ in., campanulate, glabrous, deeply toothed. Corolla yel-
lowish. Pod 3 in. by f in., thin, grey, firm, indehiscent, 5-6-seeded, narrowed sud-
denly into a short stalk.

13. A. modesta, Wall. PI. As. Ear. t, 130 ; spines in pairs short hooked,
pinnae 4-6, leaflets 6-8 obovate, corolla twice the glabrous campanulate calyx,
pod straight strap-shaped. Wall. Cat. 5230; Dene, in Jacquem. Voy. Bot.
t. 56. Mimosa dumosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 559. M. obovata,
Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 561.

Foot of the Western and Central Himalayas. — Distrib. Afghanistan.

A middle-sized tree, with grey glabrous branches. Prickles dark-brown, polished.
iga/-rachises very slender, finely downy, with a small gland at the base and one be-
tween the uppermost pinnae ; leaflets thin, rigidly subcoriaceous, ^-f in. long, shortly
stalked, glabrous, oblique at the base, pale green, obtuse or minutely cuspidate.
Spikes 2-3 in. long, not very dense. Corolla ^ in., greenish. Pod 2-3 in. by f— f in.,
6-8-seeded, glossy, drab, glabrous, venulose, narrowed gradually into a short
stalk.

14. A. lenticularis, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5244; spines in pairs short
hooked, pinnae 4-8, leaflets 12-16 large obovate-oblong, corolla twice the cam-
panulate calyx, pod strap-shaped straight or subfalcate. Benth. in Hook. Lond.
Journ. i. 508.

Foot of Central and Eastern and Western Himalayas, rare, Hamilton, Boyle.

Branches grey, glabrous. Leaves long-petioled, without any gland on the rachis ;
pinnae 3-4 in. long ; leaflets much larger than in any other species, 1-1 \ in. long,
obtuse, pale glaucous-green, glabrous, rigidly subcoriaceous, sessile, reduced on the
upper side towards the base. Spikes very dense, short-peduncled, 3-4 in. long. Co-
rolla £ in., grey, campanulate, deeply toothed. Pod 6-8 in. by f in., 6-0-seeded, thin,
flat, opaque, brown, venulose, with both sutures slightly thickened and furnished with
a narrow wing.

15. A. Latronum, Willd.; DC. Prodr. ii. 460; spines in pairs long
straight, pinnae 6-10, leaflets 20-30 minute ligulate, pod oblong thin flat rather
recurved. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 95 ; Wall. Cat. 5332 ; Wight Ic. t. 1157 ; W. & A.
Prodr. 273 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 87. A. umbraculata, Wall. Cat. 5245.
A. dumosa, W. fy A. Prodr. 274, excl. syn. Boxb. Mimosa Latronum, Linn. ;
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 558. M. cornigera, Linn. Suppl. 438.

Western Peninsula.

A low tree, forming an umbrella-like top when old, with brown glabrous branches.
Full-sized prickles 2-2£ in. long, £-f in. thick, connate at the base. Leaves shorter
than the prickles ; rachises very slender, glabrous or downy, with a small petiolar
gland ; leaflets £-^ in., glabrous, rigidly subcoriaceous. Spikes abundantly produced
from the close nodes of leafless branches. Corolla ^ in., 3-4 times the minute gla-
brous campanulate calyx. Pod l£-2 in. by £-§ in., opaque, dark brown, 2-4- seeded,
veined, finally dehiscing.

Series III. Vulgrares. Climbers with copious scattered prickles. Floivers
in copiously panicled globose heads.

16. A. concinna, DC. Prodr. ii. 464 ; pinnae 12-16, leaflets 30-50 mem-
branous, stipules and bracts cordate-ovate, pod thick succulent when dry
shrivelled and rugose with slightly waved sutures. W. 8p A. Prodr. 277 ; Wall.
Cat. 5250, excl. D ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 87. A. Hooperiana, Zippel. ; Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat i. 10. Mimosa concinna, Willd. ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 41 ; Fl. Ind.
ii. 565. M. rugata, Lam. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 431. M. abstergens, Sprang. DC.
Prod?-, loc. cit.

Acacia.] l. leguminos^:. (J. G. Baker.) 297

Eastern Himalayas, Western and Eastern Peninsulas, and Ceylon.— Distrib.
Malay isles, China.

Prickles abundant, minute, hooked. Branchlets and leaf-rachises finely grey-
downy. Petiole with a large gland near the base and one between the uppermost
pinnae ; pinnae 2-3 in. long ; leaflets §-£ in. long, pale green above, glaucous beneath,
subglabrous, i-£ in. broad, with a very oblique midrib, sensitive, often not crowded.
Panicles with densely downy branches, the lower springing from the axils of the
leaves, -the upper subtended by conspicuous oblique membranous subpersistent bracts ;
heads-yellow, f-4- in. broad, fialyx funnel-shaped, ^ in. long. Corolla little exserted.
Pod strafTsnapeci, straight, 3-4 in. by $ in.'; 6-i0-seeded, with broad sutures, nar-
rowed to a short stalk, depressed between the seeds.

Var. rugata, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5251, sp. ; leaflets and pod larger, the pinnae \ in.
and the latter 1-1 \ in. broad, ovary villose. — Eastern Himalayas.

17. A. Zntsia, Willd. in DC. Prodr. ii. 464; pinnae 12-16, leaflets.
16-24 ligulate-oblong rigidly subcoriaceous not crowded, bracts minute lanceo-
late, pod dry thin. Wall. Cat. 5248; W. $ A. Prodr. 278; Dalz. $ Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 88. Mimosa csesia, Linn. Sp. PI. 1507, ex parte. M. Intsia, Linn. ;
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 41 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 565.

Tropical Himalayas, Western Peninsula, Eastern Peninsula, and Ceylon.

Prickles minute, hooked. Branchlets and leaf-rachises finely downy or glabrous,
the latter with a gland at the base and between the 2-3 upper pinnae. Pinnce 2-3 in.
long ; leaflets £-f in., broad, minutely cuspidate, with the midrib nearer the upper
margin, both surfaces glabrous or nearly so, the lower grey-green. Peduncles finely
•downy, 1-4-nate ; heads yellow, under - in. broad. Calyx shorter, and more broadly
funnel-shaped than in the last. Pod straight, strap-shaped, glabrous, dehiscent,
smooth, 4-6 in. by f-l£ in., 8-12-seeded, the sutures straight or slightly repand,
•cuneately narrowed at the base to a short stalk. *

Var. ccesia, W. & A. Prodr. 278, sp. ; leaflets 40-60 crowded not more than
3^-| in., broad rigidly subcoriaceous obtuse with a minute cusp, pinnae 16-30.
A. Arar, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5249. A. alliacea, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5258. A. intsi-
oides, DC. Prodr. ii. 464. A. pseudo-intsia, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 12. Mimosa
•caesia, Linn, ex parte; Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 565. M. tenuifolia, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 41. —
Himalayas (ascending to 3000 ft. in the West and 5000 in Sikkim) Behar, Western
Peninsula, Birma. — Distrib. Malay isles.

Var. oxyphylla, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5252, sp. ; leaflets 40-50 more membranous
than in the last and more acutely pointed. — Eastern Himalayas.

18. A. pennata, Willd. Sp. P/.iv. 1090; pinna* 16-30, leaflets 80-100
rigidly coriaceous very narrow densely crowded, bracts minute lanceolate, pod
dry thin. Wall. Cat. 5254 ; W. fy A. Pi-odr. 277. Acacia megaladena, Desv. ;
DC. Prodr. ii. 465. A. prensans, Lowe in Bot. Mag. t. 3408. A. paludosa,
Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 14. A. pinnata, Dalz. fy Gib's. Bomb. Fl. 87. Mimosa
pennata, Linn. Sp. 1507, excl. syn. ; Boxb. Fl. Lnd. ii. 565. M. torta, Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 41 ; Fl. Lnd. ii. 566. M. ferruginea, Rottl. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 431.

Central and Eastbbn Himalayas (ascending to 5000 ft.), Behar, Eastern
and Western Peninsula, Birma, and Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay isles, Trop. Africa,
Natal.

Prickles generally fewer and less hooked than in A. Intsia and concinna.
Branchlets and leaf-rachises finely downy, the latter with a large plate-shaped gland at
the base of the petiole and several between the upper pinnae. Pinnce 2-3 in. long ;
leaflets firm in texture, not more than fe-*fa in. broad, dark green above, grey-green
below, both sides glabrous. Peduncles 1-4-nate, finely downy; heads £ in. thick.
Corolla i in., slightly exceeding the glabrous subcampanulate calyx. Pod straight,
strap-shaped, thin glabrous, dehiscent, 6-8 in. by f-1 J in., distinctly stalked, 8-12:
seeded, the sutures rather raised, slightly repand.

298 l. LEGUMINOS.E. • (J. G. Baker.) [Acacia.

Vab. 1. canescens, Grah. in "Wall. Cat. 5256, sp. ; branches and leaf-rachises densely
pubescent, leaflets slightly downy below. A. csesia, Wall. Cat. 5253 A. A. ambly-
carpa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5260. A. concinna, Wall. Cat. 5250 D? A. tomentella,.
Zipp. ; Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 1 3.

Var. 2. arrophula, Don ; "Wall. Cat. 5257, sp. ; pinnae more numerous, leaflets
duller in colour and not so firm in texture, panicle more elongated and compound,,
peduncles often 4-6-nate. — Eastern Himalayas.

Vab. 3. plurkapitata, Steud. ; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1842, 516, sp. ;
pinnae 40-80 not more than 1^-1 £ in. long, leaflets very narrow and crowded, petiolar
glands much smaller, panicle elongated sometimes a foot long above the leaves, pe-
duncle often 6-8-nate, heads smaller, A. polycephala, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5255, non
DC. — Martaban, Penang, and Malacca. — Distrib. Malay isles.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.

A. Wightii, Baker. In Dr. Wight's collection are specimens without fruit of a
well-marked species near A. arabica, from Travancore and Tinnevelly, with glabrous
branchlets and leaf-rachises, large straight dark-brown spines, 2-8 pinna?, 12-32
oblique oblong glabrous subcoriaceous leaflets £-§ in. long, short glabrous 2-4-nate
peduncles with the involucre below the middle, funnel-shaped shortly-toothed calyx
£ in. long, and a minute campanulate glabrous calyx.

128. ALBIZZIA, Durazz.

Large trees. Leaves bipinnate. Flowers in the Indian specierin globose heads,
sessile or pedicellate, usually pentamerous and all hermaphrodite. Calyx
campanulate or funnel-shaped, distinctly toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped,
petals firmly united below the middle. Stamens indefinite, monadelphous at the
base, filaments several times the length of the corolla ; anthers minute, not
gland-crested. Ovary sessile or shortly-stalked; style filiform, stigma capi-
tate minute. Pod large, thin, flat, strap-shaped, straight, indehiscent or sub-
indehiscent, continuous within, the sutures not thickened. — Distrib. Species
26-30, spread through the Tropics of the Old World.

The Australian A. lophantha, which resembles A. amara in the leaves but has the
> flowers in spikes, is naturalised on the Nilghiris.

* Leaflets oblong L at least ^-^ in. broad.

1. A. Xiebbek, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 1844, 8fe; leaflets 8-18,
obtuse, heads not pani$led, calvx pedicellate funnel-shaped. Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 88 ; Bedd. PI. Sylv. t. 53 ; ~Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 639. Acacia Lebbek, Willd. ;
DC. Prodr. ii. 466. A. speciosa, Willd. j DC. Prodr. ii. 467 ; W. $ A. Prodr.
275. Mimosa speciosa, Jacq. lc. t. 198. Acacia Sirissa, Ham. in Wall. Cat.
5265. Mimosa Sirissa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 544. Albizzia lati-
folia, Boivin ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 22.

Tropical Himalayas, ascending to 5000 ft. in the Central Provinces and 4000 ft.
in Khasia ; through India proper and Ceylon to Birma and Tenasserim. — Distrib.
Malay isles, China, N. Australia, Trop. Africa.

A tall tree, without prickles. Leaves with glabrous or downy rachises, and a
large gland near the base of the main petiole ; pinnae 4-8, with or without a gland
between the lowest ; leaflets short-stalked, rigidly subcoriaceous, oblique, l-l£ in.
long, glabrous or finely grey-downy. Heads many-flowered, short-peduncled, 3-4 to-
gether from the crowded upper nodes on downy erecto-patent peduncles. Calyx £ in.,
downy. Corolla greenish-yellow, twice the calyx, the teeth short, lanceolate. Pod
strap-shaped, firm, yellow-Drown, £-1 ft. by f-l£ in., 6-10-seeded.

Albizzia.] l. leguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) 299

2. A. pedicellata, Baker; leaflets 36-40 obtuse, heads not panicled,
calyx pedicellate funnel-shaped. Benth. in Trans. Linn, Soc. xxx. 563.

Malacca, Maingay.

Combines the leaves of A. odoratissima with inflorescence of A. LebbeJc. Leaves with
a gland near the base of the main petiole ; rachises and leaflets finely downy ; pinnse-
12-18 ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, sessile, rigidly subcoriaceous, little oblique, £-f in.
long. Heads many-flowered, on crowded downy peduncles from the upper nodes.
Pedicels and calyx each £-£ in., densely pubescent. Corolla half as long again as the
calyx. Pod a foot or more by 2 in., very thin and brittle, pale yellowish-brown, with
repand sutures and very small seeds.

3. A. odoratissima, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1844, 88; leaflets
16-40 sessile obtuse very oblique, heads copiously panicled, calyx sessile minute
campanulate. Dalz. $• Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 88 ; Bedd. Pi. Sylv. t. 54. Acacia odora-
tissima, Willd.; DC. Prodr. ii. 466; Wall. Cat. 5234; W. # A. Prodr. 275. A.
lomatocarpa, DC. Prodr. ii. 467. A. micrantha, Boiv. ; Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i.
24. Mimosa odoratissima, Linn. ; Roxb. Cor. PL t. 120 ; Hort. Beng. 40 ; Fl.
Ind. ii. 546. M. niarginata, Lam. Diet. i. 12. A. lebekkoides, Benth. loc. cit.
p. 89?

Foot of the Central Himalayas to Ceylon and Malacca.

A tall erect tree, without prickles. Zeq/'-rachises finely downy, with a gland at
the base of the petiole and of the 1-2 upper pinnae ; pinnae 6-8 ; leaflets obliquely
oblong, articulated on the rachis, f-1 in. long, rigidly subcoriaceous, glaucous beneath,
strongly veined, with the midrib parallel with the upper edge at a short distance
from it. Heads small, few-flowered, very numerous, forming ample deltoid terminal
panicles crowded in peduncled corymbs at the end of the branches and smaller ones
from the upper leaf-axils. Caly x underpin. Corolla grey-silky £ in., with lanceolate
teeth. Pod firm, flexible, 6-8 in. by 1-1^ in., opaque or glossy, 8-12-seeded. We
have not material for separating from this A. lebekkoides, Benth., reported by Kurz
from Birma.

Var. mollis, Benth. ; leaflets and leaf-rachises densely grey-downy, the former less
rigid than in the type. — Eohilcund, Thomson. Siwaliks, Edgtworth.

4. A a procera, Benth. in Hook. Journ. 1844, 89; leaflets 12-24 short-
stalked obtuse, heads copiously panicled, calyx sessile funnel-shaped. Bedd: Fl.
Sylv. 96. Acacia procera, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 466. Mimosa procera, Roxb.
Cor. t. 121 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 548.

Central and Eastern Himalayas, Behar, Western Peninsula, Birma. — Dis-
thib. Malay isles, Philippines.

Zca/-rachises glabrescent, with a large gland near the base of the petiole ; pinnae
4-12 ; leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous, grey beneath, glabrous, 1-1^ in. long, obliquely
truncate on the lower side at the base. Inflorescence like that of A. odoratissima^
Calyx A in., shortly toothed. Corolla twice the length of the calyx, deeply cleft.
Pod 4-8 in. by 1- 1 in., thin, brown, glabrous, finally dehiscing, 8-12-seeded.

Var. elata, Baker ; leaflets smaller ^-f in. long less oblique at the base. Mimosa
elata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 546. Acacia elata, Grah. in Wall. Cat.
5233.

5. A. lucida, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1844, 86; PI. Jungh. i. 268;
leaflets 2-4 rarely 6 large acute, heads copiously panicled, calyx minute sessile
campanulate. Mimosa lucida, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 544. , Inga
lucida, Wall. Cat. 5267, excl. B. et F. pro parte.

Nipal, Khasia, Assam, Silhet, Ava, and Sincapore.

Differs widely from all the other species except the next, by its large acute leaflets
and unijugate pinna?. Main and partial petiole each with usually a large gland.
Leaflets oblong, 2-4 in. long, glabrous, membranous, firm, bright green. Ultimate

300 L. leguminosj;. (J. G. Baker.) [Albizzia.

branches of the panicle umbellate or corymbose. Calyx i in., faintly-toothed. Corolla
3-4 times the length of the calyx; teeth lanceolate. Pod 6-8 in. by 1-1£, thin, flexible,
pale brown, 6-8-seeded.

6. A. glomeriflora, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 74 ; leaflets
usually 6 rarely 4 middle-sized acute, heads copiously panicled, calyx minute
sessile campanulate. Benth. in Tram. Linn. Soc. xxx. 560.

Martaban, Kurz.

A shrub, 2-5 ft. high, with puberulous branchlets. Pinna unijugate ; leaflets
oblong- or subrhomboidal-lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, chartaceous, nearly glabrous
above when mature, glaucescent and downy beneath. Heads the size of a pea, in
axillary racemes and terminal panicles. Calyx under ± in., pubescent. Corolla
thrice as long as the calyx, deeply lobed, pubescent, greenish-white. Pod unknown.
Ex Kurz loc. cit.

** Leaflets narrow, dimidiate-lanceolate , ivith the midrib close to the upper
edge.

7. A. Julibrissin, Durazz.; Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1844, 91;
leaflets 20-50, stipules and bracts caducous, heads of flowers not panicled, corolla
three times as long as the calyx. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 639. Acacia Julibrissin
and Nemu, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 469. Mimosa Kalkora, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40;
Fl. Ind. ii. 547 ? M. arborea, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 229.

Throughout the Himalayas from Hazara to Sikkim, ascending to 6-7000 ft. — Dis-
teib. Abyssinia, Eastern and Central Asia, China, Japan.

A middle-sized unarmed tree. Ze«/-rachises finely downy, with a small gland at
the base of the petiole, and between the upper pinna? ; pinnae 8-24; leaflets mem-
branous, sessile, sensitive,' \ in. long, cuspidate, straight on the upper side, rounded
on the lower, ^in. broad. Heads globose, on clustered erecto-patent peduncles from the
crowded leafless upper nodes. Calyx £-£ in., funnel-shaped, shortly toothed. . Fila-
ments rose-red, 1 in. Pod glabrous, membranous, grey or pale brown, 5-6 in. by
f-1 in., 8-12-seeded, narrowed to a beak and short stalk, indehiscent.

Var. mollis, Benth. ; leaflets broader (£-3- in,) more coriaceous, like the peduncles
and calyx densely pubescent. Acacia mollis, Wall. PI. As. Ear, ii. 76, t. 177;, Cat,
5235. — Simla to Nipal.

8. A. stipulata, Boiv. : Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1844, 92 ; leaflets
40-80, stipules and bracts persistent, heads of flowers panicled, corolla twice the
calyx. Dalz. §■ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 88 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 55. Acacia stipulata,
DC. Prodr. ii. 469; Wall. Cat. 5236; W. $ A. Prodr. 274. A. Smithiana,

Wall. Cat. 5237. A. marginata, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5243. Mimosa stipu-
lacea, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 549. M. Smithiana, Roxb. Hort,. Beng. 40 ; Fl. Ind. ii.
550. Arthrosprion stipulatum, Hassk. Retz. i. 212.

Tropical Himalayas, ascending to 4000 ft. in K/omaon and Sikkim, to Ceylon and
Biema. — Distrib. Malay isles.

A tall unarmed tree, with, finely grey downy branchlets. Leaves with many glands
on the rachis ; pinnae 12-40 ; leaflets ± in. or less broad, membranous, sensitive,
%-$ in., sessile, glaucous beneath, finely downy, with a slightly, recurved acute point.
Stipules and bracts large, membranous, downy, cordate, acute. Heads in copious ax-
illary simple and compound terminal racemes with densely pubescent erecto-patent
branches. Calyx like that of A. Julibrissin, but smaller. Pod 5-6 in. by f-1 in.,
pale brown, thin, indehiscent, subsessile, 8-10-seeded.

*** Leaflets very narrowly strap-shaped with a central midrib.

9. A. myriophylla, Benth. in Hook. Journ. 1844, 90; leaflets 80-100

Albizzia.'] L. leguminos^s. (J. G. Baker.) 301

rigidly subcoriaceous, heads panicled stipules persistent subspinescent, pod
subsessile. Mimosa microphylla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 549. Acacia inyriophylla,
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5242.

Eastern Himalayas, ascending to 3000 ft. in Sikkim. Silhet, Assam, and the
Khasia Mts. — Distrib. Siam.

A low tree, with dark brown shoots, Zeo/'-rachises finely downy, with a large
gland on the petiole, and several between the upper pinnae ; pinnae 30-40, not more than
2-3 in. long ; leaflets green, closely crowded, caducous, £-£ in. by ^ in. Heads small,
corymbose, forming an ample terminal panicle, with brown-tomentose branches. Calyx
sessile, campanulate, under ~ in. long. Corolla funnel-shaped, |— £ in. Pod 4-5 in.
by f-1 in., glossy, brown, thin, flexible, 6-8-seeded, narrowed to both ends.

VAR.foliolosa ; leaflets large ^-f in. long nearly ^~ in. broad, rachises less pubes-
cent. Acacia foliolosa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5241. — Martaban, Wallich.

10. A . amara, Boivin ; Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1844, 90 : leaflets
30-60 membranous, stipules minute caducous, heads not panicled, pod distinctly
stalked. Dalz. 8? Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 88 : Becld. Fl. Sijlv. t. 61. Acacia amara,
Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 469; Wall. Cat. 5238 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 274. A. nelly-
renza (nella-renga), Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5240. A. Wightii, Grah. in Wall. Cat.
6259 ; W.$A. Prodr. 274. Mimosa amara, Roxb. Cor. PL t. 122 ; Hort. Beng.
40; Fl. Ind. ii. 548. M. pulchella, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40; Fl. Ind. ii. 548.
Inga ventricosa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5266, ex parte. Albizzia aflinis, Fourn. in
Ann. Sc. Nat. 4, xiv. 371.

"Western Peninsula and. Ceylon. — Distrib. Abyssinia {A. sericocephala, Benth.)
and Kordofan.

A middle-sized unarmed tree, with densely pubescent branchlets and leaf-rachis,
the latter with a small gland on the petiole' and between the lowest pair of pinnae.
Pinna 8-20, 1-3 in. long ; leaflets \-% in. long, sessile, caducous, finely pubescent,
grey or glaucous beneath. Peduncles copious, axillary, densely tomentose, crowded at
the upper nodes in the axils of much-reduced leaves. Calyx -^ in., funnel-shaped,
shortly stalked. Corolla 3 times as long as the calyx ; teeth lanceolate. Pod 6-9 in.
by f-1 in., 6-10-seeded, opaque, grey-brown.

129. SERIANTHES, Benth.

Unarmed trees. Leaves bipinnate. Floivers racemed, much larger than in
the other Mimosce, 5-merous, mostly hermaphrodite. Calyx deeply campanulate,
deeply toothed. Petals adnate at the base to the staminal tube, free above
this. Stamens monadelphous, very numerous ; anthers minute. Ovary sessile,
niany-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma minute capitate. Pod large, oblong, sub-
lignose, indehiscent, rather turgid. — Distkib. Another species in Polynesia.

1. S. grandiflora Benth. in Hook. Bond. Journ. Bot. 1844, 225. Inga
grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 5285. I. Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 5284. I. ventri-
cosa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5266, in part.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Malay isles, Philippines.

Leaf-x&chis with a gland on the common petiole and at the base of each pinna ;
pinnae 6-16 ; leaflets 12-24, glossy green, glabrous, rigidly coriaceous, £-1 in. long,
oblique, rather falcate, obtuse, with the upper and lower edge subparallel. Flowers
shortly pedicellate, in few-flowered axillary corymbose panicles, which are shorter
than the leaves. Calyx and yellowish corolla densely felted on the outside, the
former ^ in., the latter 1£ in. long. Stamens many hundreds, much exserted.

302 L. leguminosj:. (J. G. Baker.) [Calliandra.

Pod £ ft. by 2 in., glabrous, 6-8-seeded, rather turgid, the sutures neither lobed nor
thickened.

130. CALLIANDRA, Benth.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves bipinnate, with small or large leaflets. Flowers in
globose heads, polygamous, 5-merous. Calyx campanulate, toothed. Corolla
funnel-shaped, deeply 5-cleft. Stamens indefinite, monadelphous at the base,
filaments filiform much exserted ; anthers minute, not gland-crested. Ovary
stalked, many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma minute capitate. Pod strap-
shaped, slightly falcate, flat, rigidly coriaceous, the valves dehiscing with
elasticity, bordered by much-thickened sutures, continuous within, narrowed
gradually to a short stalk. — Distrib. Species 80, all the rest Tropical American.

1. C. Griffith!!, Benth, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 537 ; spines minute,
bracts linear-lanceolate.

Khasia Mts., Griffith. >

Branches slender, terete, glabrous. General and partial petioles very short, gland-
less. Leaves as in C. umbrosa ; upper pair of leaflets connivent, oblong-lanceolate,
oblique, acuminate, 2-3 in. long, rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous, strongly veined, lower
nearly sessile, £-£ in. Heads dense, on slender glabrous ascending peduncles 1-2 in.
long, from the axils of developed leaves. Calyx ^ in., funnel-shaped ; teeth deltoid.
Corolla funnel-shaped, glabrous, | in. ; teeth lanceolate. Pod unknown.

2. C. umbrosa, Benth. in Gen. Plant, i. 597 ; spines conspicuous, bracts
minute deltoid. Inga umbrosa, Wall. PL Asiat. Bar. t. 124 ; Cat. 5273.
Albizzia umbrosa, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. 86.

Silhet, Khasia Mts., Chittagong, and Penang.

A tree, with slender glabrous branchlets, sometimes furnished with small erecto-
patent stipular spines. Leaves short; pinnae 2, with a pair of large sessile oblique
oblong acute rigidly subcoriaceous leaflets at the apex, and an odd much smaller one
below on the outer side, all with a gland on the rachis at the base. Flowers sessile,
in small dense globose heads on short ascending peduncles. Corolla £ in., yellow,
inodorous. Pod 6-9 in. by f-1 in. broad, smooth, finely veined, the valves with
elevated rounded thick raised edges.

131. PITHECOLOBIUIVI, Mart.

Erect trees. Leaves bipinnate. Floioers in globose heads, usually herma-
phrodite and pentamerous. Calyx campanulate or funnel-shaped, shortly
toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, the petals united below the middle. Stamens
monadelphous, much exserted; anthers not gland-crested. Ovary sessile or
stalked, many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma minute capitate. Pod strap-
shaped, falcate or circinate, usually dehiscent and much twisted in a late stage,
the sutures not thickened. — Distrib. Species about 100, cosmopolitan in the
Tropics, mostly American, only one African.

Series I. TTnguiscat!. Stipules spinose.

1. P. dulce, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 1844, 199 ; pinnae and leaflets
2,' heads in long narrow terminal panicles, flowers sessile, pod coriaceous.
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 188. Mimosa dulcis, Boxb. Cor. PI. t. 99 ; Hort. Beng. 40 ;
Fl. Jnd. ii. 556. Inga dulcis, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 436 ; Wall. Cat. 5282 :
W. 8f A. Prodr. 268; Wight Jc. t. 198.

Pithecolobium.'] L. leguminos.^. (J. Gr. Baker.) 303

Cultivated throughout India, but not indigenous. A native of Trop. America.

A middle-sized tree, with glabrous leaves and branches. Spines minute, pointing
upwards. Leaflets approximated, oblique, obovate-oblong, rigidly subcoriaceous,
obtuse, 1-2 in. long. Heads dense, §-£ in. broad, shortly peduncled, on elongated
branches. Calyx ^ in., funnel-shaped, grey-downy. Corolla A in. Pod 4-5 in. by
£ in., 6-8-seeded, both sutures indented between the seeds, which are half enveloped
in a pulpy white edible aril.

2. P. g-eminatum, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 1844, 202 ; spines
large, pinnae 2, leaflets 6-10, heads axillary, uppermost leaves much reduced,
flowers sessile. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 96. Inga geminata, W. $ A. Prodr. 269. I.
flexuosa, Grah. in WaU. Cat. 5286.

Ceylon and Western Peninsula.

A low tree, with slender pubescent branches. Common petiole very short, with a
gland between the erecto-patent pinnae ; pinnae 1-1$ in. long ; leaflets bright green,
xigidly subcoriaceous, uppermost pair approximated, £-£ in. long, obtuse, oblique-
obovate; lower smaller, lowest on inside absent. Peduncles slender, pubescent.
Oalyx campanulate, ur'der ^ in. Corolla 3-4 times the length of the calyx. Stamens
1 in. long. Pod not seen.

!~~ P. nitidum, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 1844, 202 (Mimosa nitida, Vahl, Symb.
ii. 103. Acacia nitida, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 460. Inga Kcenigii, W. $ A. Prodr.
269), a plant unknown to recent botanists, is probably a form of this with 4 pinnae.

3. P. umbellatum, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 1844, 202 ; spines
minute, pinnae 2-^4, leaflets""6-20, heads axillary, flowers stalked, pod sublignose.
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 96. Inga umbellata, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 439 ; W. # A.
Prodr. 270. I. corcondiana, DC. Prodr. ii. 441 ; Wall. Cat. 5287. Mimosa
umbellata, Vahl, Symb. ii. 103. M. concordiana, Boxb. Hoi-t. Beng. 40; Fl.
Ind. ii. 556.

Western Peninsula and Ceylon.— Distrib. Malay isles.

A low tree, with the branchlets sometimes reduced to spines, but with the stipu-
lary spines often small and obscure. im/-rachis downy, with a gland between the
pinnae and an obscure one between each pair of leaflets ; leaflets subglabrous, rigidly
coriaceous, ligulate-oblong, obtuse, A- 1£ in. long, the uppermost pair broader
upwards, the lowest on the inner side mostly absent. Heads long-peduncled, few-
flowered. Corolla \ in., twice the length of the funnel-shaped calyx. Stamens f-1
in. Pod very different to those of the other species, recurvato-falcate, indehiscent,
jointed, £-£ in. thick, 6-8-seeded.

Series II. Clypearia. Spineless trees with coriaceous twisted pods
opening from the lower suture.

* Leaflets few and but slightly oblique at the base.

4. P. big-eminum, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 1844, 206 ; branchlets
slightly pubescent, pinnae 2-4, leaflets 4-6, leaves with glands on the petiole

. and at the base of each pinna and leaflet, calyx subcampanulate, pod not lobed.
Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 89 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 96. Mimosa bigemina, Linn. ;
Vahl, Symb. ii. 103. M. lucida, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 40 ; Fl. Jnd. ii. 544. M.
monadelpha, Boxb. Fl. Jnd. ii. 544? Inga bigemina, Willd.; DC. Prodr. ii.
439 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 269. I. lucida, Wall. Cat. 5267 A. I. annularis, Grah.
in Wall. Cat. 5269. I. Wightiana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5281.

Eastern Himalayas, ascending to 3000 ft., Western Peninsula and Ceylon. —
Distrib. Malay isles, Philippines.

A tall tree, with subterete branchlets with thin brown pubescence. Pinna and
■leaves long-petioled ; leaflets subcoriaceous, glabrous above, slightly pubescent at first

*394 l. leguminos*:. (J. G. Baker.) [Pithecoloh'nm.

beneath, obovate-oblong, acute, the upper 4-6 in. long, the lower shorter, all distinctly
stalked. Heads few-flowered, irregular, in copious ample -axillary and terminal
panicles. Calyx subsessile, yg-^ in., densely brown-silky. Corolla silky, 2-3 times
the length of the calyx. Stamens §-£ in. Pod once or twice spiral, 3-6 in. by £-f
in., the valves rigidly coriaceous, slightly downy, the lower suture not at all repand.

5. P. affine, Baker : branchlets densely pubescent, pinnae 2, leaflets 6-8,
leaves with glands on the petiole and at the base of the pinnae and leaflets,
calyx funnel-shaped, pod not lobed. Benth. in Tram. Linn. Soc. xxx. 577.

Malacca, Maingay.

Very near P. bigeminum. Branchlets clothed with dense spreading brown tomen-
tum. Leaflets 3-6 in. long, shortly-stalked, rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous. Calyx
£ in., densely brown-silky. Corolla twice the calyx, narrowly funnel-shaped, shortly
toothed, densely silky. Valves of the pod more rigid than in P. bigeminum, \ in.
broad.

6. P. confertum, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 577 ; branchlets
downy, pinnae 2, leaflets 4, leaves with glands only at the base of the pinnae,
calyx campanulate, pod unknown.

Malacca, Griffith.

Branchlets of the panicle clothed with brown pubescence. Leaflets rigidly coria-
ceous, shining, strongly veined, oblong, obtusely pointed, 3-4 in. long. Heads in
copious short axillary and terminal corymbs. Calyx ^ in., glabrous. Corolla \ in. ;.
cylindrical tube as long as lanceolate teeth. Stamens twice as long as the corolla.

7. P. "bubalinum, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 576 ; branchlets
pubescent, pinnae 2, leaflets 2-4, leaves with glands only at the base of the pinnae,
calyx campanulate, pod large downy not lobed. Inga bubalina, Jack, in Malay
Misc. ii. 77.

Penang and Malacca.

A middle-sized tree. Branchlets clothed with pale brown pubescence. Leaflets
coriaceous, oblong, glabrous, obtusely pointed, 3-4 in. long. Heads in ample axillary
and terminal corymbose panicles. Calyx ^ in., pubescent ; teeth deltoid. Corolla
£ in., ^-£ as long as stamens. Pod oblong-ligulate, sickle-shaped, 2-3 in. by 1-1 £ in.,
very rigid, the valves persistently clothed with fine brown down. Seeds as large as a
bean.

8. P. microcarpum, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 576 ; branchlets
pubescent, pinnae 2-4, leaflets 4-8, leaves with glands only at the base of the
pinnae, calyx campanulate, pod small glabrous spiral not lobed. Inga bubalina,
Wall. Cat. 5272, non Jack.

Penang and Malacca.

Closely allied to P. bubalinum, from which it differs by its more numerous and
less coriaceous leaflets and especially by its pod, which is l| in. by under £ in., forms
a complete spiral, with thinner valves, which become much twisted when it opens,
and seeds not larger than a pea.

9. P. fasciculatum, Benth. in Hook. Land. Journ. Bot. 1844, 208;
branchlets glabrous, glands present on the general petiole and at the base of the

?innae and upper leaflets, pinnae 4, leaflets 4-6, calyx campanulate, pod not lobed.
nga Jiringa, Wall. Cat. 5268, non Jack. I. Clypearia, Wall. Cat. 5270 B.

Penang, Sincapobe, Malacca. — Distrib. Malay isles.

A tall tree, with terete branchlets and leaf-rachises. Glands flat, depressed -r
general and partial petioles elongated ; leaflets obovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute,
distinctly stalked, rigidly subcoriaceous, quite glabrous on both sides, the upper 6-8
in. long, the lower shorter and more ovate. Heads few-flowered, irregular, sessile or

Pithecolobium.'] l. leguminosje. (J. G. Baker.) 305 <

shortly peduncled, on the elongated glabrous branches of terminal and axillary-
panicles, with a pair of small spreading lanceolate bracts at the base. Calyx i in.,
glabrous. Corolla 3 times the length of the calyx. Pod firm, glabrous, l$-l£ in.
broad, at first forming a circle or more, the lower suture not at all waved.

10. P. lobatum, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, 208 ; branchlets
glabrous, glands 0 or confined to general and partial petioles, pinnae 2, leaflets
4-6, calyx canipanulate, pod with the lower suture deeply lobed. Inga lobata,
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5280. I. attenuata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5276. Mimosa
Jiringa, Jack in Hook* Bot. Misc. i. 282. M. Kseringa, Roxb. Sort. Beng. 40 :
Fl. hid. ii. 543.

Pegu, Tenasserim and Malacca. — Distrib. Malay isles, Philippines.

A tall tree, with terete grey glabrous branchlets. Leaflets distinctly stalked,
acute, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, thirl but firm, flexible, glabrous and glossy on
both sides, the upper 4-6 in. long. Heads few-flowered, with 3-4 small spreading
lanceolate bracts at the base, fascicled on short peduncles in ample copious axillary
and terminal panicles. Calyx sessile, glabrous, i in. Corolla 3 times calyx,
glabrous. Stamens \-+ in. Pod firmer than in its allies, 1-1£ in. broad, lobed half-
way down to the upper suture, into round divisions, which are hemispherical on the
face when the seed is ripe.

** Leaflets numerous, more or less trapezoid through the lower border being cut
away at the base.

11. P. subcoriaceum, Thwaites Enum. 100; branchlets subterete,
pinnae 6-12, leaflets very small obtuse or subacute, heads not at all or scarcely
panicled, calyx subsessile. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 96. P. anamallayanum, Bedd. Fl.
Sylv. t. 189.

Western Peninsula; Anamallay hills, 5-8000 ft., Wight, Beddome. Ceylon,
Thwaites.

A tree 30-40 ft. high, with branchlets clothed with dense brown pubescence. Leaf-
rachis with 1-3 petiolar glands, and one midway between the insertion of each pair
of pinnae ; leaflets oblong-trapezoid, \-% in. long, rigidly coriaceous, glossy above,
densely pubescent below. Heads many -flowered, 1 in. diam., on 1-2-nate axillary
peduncles, the uppermost leaves reduced or suppressed. Calyx ~ in., brown-downy.
Corolla funnel-shaped, 3 times the calyx. Pod 3-4 in. long, coriaceous, twisted, 5-6

12. P. contortum, Mart. ; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, 210,
branchlets subterete, pinnae 6-12, leaflets 12-30 small obtuse, calyx sessile,
heads in ample panicles. Inga contorta, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5283. I. Fin-
laysoniana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5284.

Penang, Singapore, Malacca.

Branchlets long and slender, densely clothed with dull brown pubescence. Leaf-
rachis downy, with a small depressed petiolar gland and one below the upper pairs of
pinnae ; upper pinnae 4-6 in. long, lower much shorter, with fewer leaflets ; leaflets
^-f in. long, obtuse, with the upper and lower edge subparallel, subcoriaceous,
shortly pubescent. Panicles deltoid, axillary and terminal, with long slender weak
finely grey-downy branchlets. Calyx i in., campanulate. Corolla 3-4 times the
calyx. Stamens twice the corolla. Pod ^ ft. by ^-f in., at first forming a double
spiral, splitting open from the lower suture and very much twisted.

13. P. Clypearia, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 1844, 209; branchlets
acutely angular, pinnae 6-12, leaflets 12-24 middle-sized obtuse or acute, calyx
atalked, heads in ample panicles. Inga Clypearia, Jack in Hook. Comp. Bot.
Mag. i. 224 ; Wall. Cat. 5270 A. Mimosa trapezifo'lia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 546.
Inga diraidiata, Hook, fy Am. Bot. Beech. 181.

VOL. TT. . X

306 l. legumjnosjE. (J. G. Baker.) [Pithecolobium.

Tenasserim, Penang, Malacca.— Distrib. Malay isles, China.

Branches brown-pubescent, with raised lines decurrent from the branchlets. Lcaf-
rachises acutely angled, with a conspicuous raised gland on the petiole, and one
between each pair of pinnae and leaflets ; upper pinnae 5-6 in. long ; lower much
shorter, with fewer leaflets ; upper leaflets 1-2 in. long, with the lower and upper
margin nearly parallel, rigidly subcoriaceous, glossy above, densely downy below;
lower becoming gradually smaller. Panicles axillary and terminal, with densely
pubescent erecto-patent sulcate branchlets. Calyx campanulate, minute, 3-4 times
shorter than the whitish corolla. Stamens §-£ in. Pod like that of P. contortum,
but rather smaller.

14. P. montanum, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 1844, 209 ; PI. Jungh.
269 ; branchlets acutely angular, pinnae 12-18, leaflets 24-32 small acute or
subacute, calyx stalked, heads in ample panicles. P. falcifolium, Hassk, PL
Jav. Bar. 418. Inga subfalcata, Zoll. in Flora, 1847, 706.

Khasia, Mishmi. — Distrtb. Malay isles.

Wry near P. Clypearia, with which it quite agrees in vestiture, glands, inflores-
cence, calyx and corolla. Leaflets close, regular, ^-f in. long, with the midrib as in
P. Clypearia, carried from the lowest posterior to the upper anterior corner. Lower
pedicels 2-3 times as long as the calyx. Branchlets and leaves below clothed with
dense short light brown silky pubescence.

15. P. ang'ulatum, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 1844, 208; branches
.angular, pinnae 4-6, leaflets 6-12 large acute, calyx stalked, heads in ample
panicles. Inga acutangula, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5271. Mimosa heterophvlla,
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40; Fl.Ind. ii. 545.

East Himalayas and down the gulf to Malacca. — Distrib. Malay isles.

A tall tree, with stout branchlets with a little fine brown pubescence. ic«/-rachis
with a large gland at the base and one between each pair of pinnae and leaflets ;
lower pinnae and leaflets much shorter than the upper ; leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous,
oblong-trapezoid, slightly downy below, the upper 3-4' in. long. Panicles copious,
ample, axillary and terminal. Calyx -^ in., campanulate. Corolla white, funnel-
shaped, 3-4 times the calyx. Stamens $ in. Pod just like those of P. contortum and
Clypearia.

132. INGA, Willd.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves simply pinnate. Flowers in spikes or globose
heads. Calyx a minute 3-toothed cup. Corolla a cylindrical tube, shortly
3-toothed at the tip. Stamens indefinite, much exceeding the corolla, mona-
delphous more than half-way up the corolla ; anthers minute, with the pollen
agglomerated in masses. Ovary sessile, few-ovuled; style subulate, stigma
♦minute, terminal. Pod linear, rigidly coriaceous, with the valves forcibly
'springing back and each suture expanded into a thick raised border. — Distrib.
A large American genus (140 species), of which we have a single unsatisfactory
representative, with the pod of Calliandra and simply pinnate leaf of Inga.

;1. I. cynometroides, Bedd. MSS. Calliandra cynometroides, Bedd.
Fl. Sylv. t. 317 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 537.

Hills of South Travancore, 3-4000 ft., Beddome.

A middle-sized tree, with slender glabrous branchlets. Leaflets 2, sessile at the
apex of a very short petiole, rigidly subcoriaceous, venulose, oblique-oblong, subacute,
2-4 in. long. Flowers capitate, on short peduncles. Corolla |— | in. long. Pod
«essile, 3-4 in. by f-£ in. broad, rather decurved, narrowed to the base, 3-4-seeded,
with a short hooked beak, the valves glabrous, flat, margined all round with a thick
raised border.

li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 307

Order LI. ROSACES. (By J. D. Hooker.)

Herts, shrubs or trees. Leaves stipulate, rarely opposite, simple or com-
pound. Flowers usually bisexual and regular (very irregular in Chrysobalanece).
Calyx-tube free or adnate to the ovary, limb usually 6-lobed, often bracteolate,
imbricate or valvate. Petals 5, rarely 0, inserted under the margin of the disk,
deciduous, usually imbricate. Disk lining the calyx-tube or forming a ring at
its base. Stamens perigynous, indefinite (rarely 1, 5 or 10) in one or many
series, often connate and unilateral in Chrysobalanece ; filaments subulate or fili-
form, usually incurved in bud ; anthers small, didymous. Ovary of one or more
free or connate carpels, with free or connate styles, which are basal, lateral or
subterminal ; stigmas simple, penicillate or capitate ; ovules 1 or more in each
carpel. Fruit variable, of achenes, or berries or drupes, rarely capsular. Seeds
erect or pendulous, testa membranous or coriaceous, albumen 0; cotyledons
large, plano-convex ; radicle short. — Distrib. About 1,000 species, found in all
climates and countries, but chiefly in the temperate.

Chrtsobaxantjs Icaco, Linn. ; the Cocoa-plum of the West Indies is cultivated i u
some parts of the Malabar Coast, but not frequently.

A. Carpels free or adnate to the side of the calyx-tube.

Tribe I. Chrysobalaneae. Flowers usually irregular. Carpel 1 ;
style basal ; ovules 2, ascending. Fruit a drupe. Radicle inferior. — Trees or
shrubs with simple quite entire leaves.

Calyx-tube elongate. Stamens many, unilateral. Ovary 2-

locellate v . . . .1. Parinarium.

Calyx-tube short. Stamens 2. Ovary 1-celled ... 2. Parastemon.

Tribe II. Fruneae. Flotvers regular. Carpel 1, rarely 2; style sub-
terminal, 'rarely basal ; ovules 2, pendulous. Radicle superior. — Trees or shrubs
with simple usually serrated leaves.

Calyx o-lobed. Petals 5, large, glabrous. Carpel solitary . 3. Prtjntts.
Calyx 5-10-toothed. Petals 5-8, minute or 0. Carpels 1 or 2.

Drupe erect, fleshy, with a bony stone 4. Maddexia.

Calyx 5-10-toothed; Petals 5, minute or 0. Carpel 1. Drupe

erect, coriaceous 5. Pygeum.

Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5. Carpel 1. Drupe inverted, style

sub-basilar 6. Prinsepia.

Tribe III. Spiraeae. Flowers regular. Calyx ebracteolate. Stamens
10 or more. Carpels 1-8 ; styles ventral or basal ; ovules 2 or more, pendulous.
Radicle superior. — Shrubs, rarely herbs, with entire or serrate simple or com-
pound leaves. /\AmL*

7. SRIR.EA. ^^^^

Tribe IV. Xlubeae. Flowers regular. Calyx ebracteolate. Stamens
very numerous. Carpels many ; styles sub-basal or ventral ; ovules 2, collateral
pendulous. Fruit of many dry or fleshy carpels not included in the calyx-tube.
Radicle superior. — Usually shrubs, with often compound leaves.

8. Rubus.

Tribe V. Potentilleae. Flowers regular. Calyx usually bracteolate. ■
Stamens usually numerous, rarely few. Carpels 1 or more; style short or
much prolonged after flowering ; ovule solitary, ascending. Fruit of many
achenes, not included in the calyx-tube. Radicle superior. — Herbs or small
shrubs with various leaves.

x 2

3*3

308 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.)

Calyx bracteolate. Stamens many. Styles elongated after

flowering 9. Getjm.

Calyx bracteolate. Stamens many. Styles not elongating.

Ripe carpels seated on a fleshy receptacle . . . .10. Frag aria.
Calyx bracteolate. Stamens 4 or more. Styles not elongating.

Ripe carpels seated on an elevated dry receptacle . . 11. Poikntilla.

Calyx ebracteolate. Stamens 5. Styles not elongating. Ripe

carpels seated on the base of the calyx . . . .12. Chamjerhopos.

B. Carpels adnate to the tube of the calyx, or, if free, included wholly
within it.

Teibe VI. Poterieae. Flowers regular, sometimes apetalous. Cah/.r-
tube often urceolate. Stamens 1 or more. Carpels 1-3 : style terminal ; ovule
1. Achene sunk in the calyx-tube. — Herbs or small shrubs.

Calyx 4-6-bracteolate, or 8-10-1 2-fid. Petals 0. Carpel 1;

ovule ascending . . .13. Axchkmilla.

Calyx 5-lobed or spinous. Petals 5. Carpels 2-3 ; ovule pen

dulous . 14. Agrimonia.

Calyx 5-lobed, ebracteolate. Petals 5. Carpels 1-3 ; ovule

pendulous . 15. Poterfum.

Tribe VII. Rose 83. Flowers regular. Calyx-tube urceolate. Petals 5.
Stamens very numerous. Carpels many, free; ovule 1, pendulous. Achenes
included in the fleshy calyx-tube. — Shrubs, leaves compound.

1G. Rosa.

Tribe VIII. Neuradeae. Flowers regular. Calyx-tube enlarged after
flowering and becoming confluent with the carpels. Stamens 10. Carpels 5-10r
free, or connate into a 6-10-valved fruit ; ovule 1, pendulous. — Herbs.

17. Nelrada.

Tribe IX. Floivers regular. Calyx-tube (or top of the peduncle) becoming
fleshy after flowering and enclosing the carpels. Stamens numerous. Ovules 2 or
more, ascending. Fruit a pome, berry, or a drupe, with the 2-5 bony or coria-
ceous 1-2-seeded stones. — Shrubs or trees.

* Ovary 5-celled ; cells 3- or more -ovuled.

Cells of ovary many-ovuled 17*Cydonia.

Cells of ovary 3-ovuled 18. Docynia.

* Ovary 2-5-celled : cells 2-ovuled.

Flowers panicled. Ovary 5-celled . , # . .19. Ertobotrya,

Flowers corymbose or fascicled.

Ovary 5-celled. Fruit a pome or berry . . . .20. Pyrus.
Ovary 2-3-celled. Fruit 2-3-celled, endocarp thin; testa

coriaceous 21. Photinia.

Ovary 2-3-celled. Fruit 2-3-celled, endocarp thin ; testa

thick reticulately lacunose . . . < . .22. Potththijea.

Ovary 5-celled. Drupe with 5 dehiscent stones . . .23. Stranv^esia.
Ovary 2-5-celled. Drupe with 1-5 bony stones. Leaves

cut toothed or serrate 24. Crat^gits.

Ovary 2-5-celled. Drupe with 2-5 bony stones. Leaves

quite^entire 25. Cotoneaster.

. FARXNARXUXH, Juss.

Trees. Leaves simple, alternate, evergreen, quite entire. Flmvers herma-
phrodite, in corymbose racemes, 2- bracteolate, white or pink. Calyx-tube
oblong camjanulate turbinate or funnel-shaped ; lobes 5, subequal, imbricate.

Parinarium.'] Li. ROSACEA. (J. D. Hooker.) 309

Petals 5, sessile or clawed, deciduous. Stamens G-oo , filaments united into an
incomplete ring at the base, or connate into an unilateral bundle, all perfect or
some without anthers. Carpels 1 (rarely 2), adnate to one side of the calyx-
tube, 1-2-celled ; style basal, filiform ; ovules 2 collateral or 1 erect. Drupe
spherical oblong obovoid or ovoid, with a 1-2-celled 1-2-seeded coriaceous
woody or bony stone. Seeds erect, testa membranous, cotyledons large fleshy,
radicle small inferior. — Distrib. About 40 species, natives of the tropics of
both worlds.

The Indian species of Parinarium are very imperfectly known and are probably
referable to several genera distinguishable by their fruit more than by any floral
character. Of these, P. costatum, polyneurum, oblong if olium and multijloruni, may
form one genus with a 2-celled 2-seeded drupaceous fruit and short stamens.
P. nitidum another, with 1 -celled hardly drupaceous coriaceous fruit and short
stamens ; and P. asperidum a third, with a globose 1 -celled very hard drupe,
glabrous, containing a solitary large glabrous seed with a solid ruminated em-
bryo. The seeds of P. indicum and travancoricum are unknown. P. Jackiannm,
Benth. (Petrocarya excelsa, Jack), must, if Jack's account of the drupe being included
in the enlarged calyx and having superposed cells be correct, constitute a fourth
genus.

SuBGEN. 1. Grymania, Presl, (Gen.) Leaves eglandular or 2-glandular
at the base. Stamens equalling or shorter than the calyx-lobes, forming an
imperfect ring. Drupe oblong or obovoid with a very thick 2-celled stone,
the cells lined with soft wool.

* Leave* eglandular at the base, grey or dirty white beneath, with numerous
stout veins. Stamens 6-10, singularly inserted.

1. P. costatum, Blume ? ; leaves 2-4 in. elliptic-oblong obtusely
acuminate shining above, base acute, nerves 8-10 pair, petiole rather slender.
Miquel Fl. Ind. Pat. i. part 1, 354. ?P. Suniatranuni, Benth. in Hook.
Niger Flora, 335. Miquel I. c. 353. Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 433.
Petrocarya smnatrana, Jack, Mai. Misc. ii. 67.

Eastern Peninsula, Malacca, and Government Hill, Penang, Maingoy.
.? Burma, Kurz. — Distrib. Sumatra.

A tree 15 feet (in Penang). Branches slender ; bark pale in the Malacca spe-
cimens, dark with minute lenticels in the Penang one ; petiole 3-5 in. Panicle effu.se,
much branched, clothed with soft tomentum ; branches slender ; bracts oblong-
lanceolate. Flowers i in. long, shortly pedicelled. Calyx-tube clothed within with
long deflexed hairs; tube longer than the lobes. Petals obovate, ciliate, equalling
the- calyx-lobes. Carpels 2 ; ovaries densely tomentose. Fruit (of Penang specimen)
f-l£ in. long, rounded at the apex, when dry minutely wrinkled and covered with
white scurfy spots. Seeds not seen. — But for the smaller leaves with more acuminate
points, they agree with P. sumatranum, Benth. I have seen no specimen of Blume's
P. costatum.

2. P. polyneurum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 306 ; leaves 4-8 in.
elliptic-oblong obtusely acuminate shining above, base rounded, nerves 12-16
pair, petiole rather slender.

Malacca, Griffith ; Maingay (Kew Herb., 622). — Distrib. Sumatra.

A larger plant than P. costatum, differing in the form and size of the leaves and
) number of nerves ; the inflorescence and flower are very similar indeed ; the bark of
the branches is black with numerous lenticels, which is hardly the case in the
Sumatran specimens.

3. P. oblong-ifolium, Hook.f. ; leaves 6-10 in. oblong or linear-oblong

310 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Parinarium.

obtuse shining: above, base rounded and cordate, nerves 20-30 pair, petiole very
stout.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay {Herb. Kew, 623).

This is very near to the two former, differing only in the shape and size of the
leaves, their petiole and nervation. I cannot doubt but that one of these three
is a form of the P. sumatranum, Bth. (Petrocarta, Jack).

** Leaves 2-glandular at the base, glabrous and shining on both surfaces.
Stamens 20-30.

4. P. Griffithianum, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 334 ; leaves elliptic-
lanceolate caudate-acuminate. P. multiflorum, Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. part i.
356. Maranthes multiflora, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 259, t. 70.

Eastern Peninsula. Tenasserim or Andaman Islands, Heifer; Malacca, Griffith,
Maingay. — Distrib. Borneo.

Branches stout, with black bark. Leaves 5-6 in., narrowed into the short petiole ;
nerves much arched. Panicles shortly peduncled, closely corymbose, with stout
branches and pedicels ; bracts very deciduous. Flower % in. diam. Calyx hoary ;.
tube obconic, gibbous, glabrous within except near the ovary; lobes orbicular,
linear. Petals obovate-orbicular, glabrous, equalling the calyx-lobes. Stamens
20-30 ; filaments united above the base into a coriaceous short tube which is open
and toothed opposite the ovary. Ovary tomentose ; style short, curved ; stigma
capitate. Drupe 1-1£ in. long, cylindric-obovoid or subclavate, hoary, 2-celled;
cells stuffed with brown soft wool. — Differs from the Javanese P. corymboswm in tiie
hoary calyx; and from the Philippine Island P. salicifolium, Benth. (Gry mania,
Presl). in the foliage.

Sttbgen. II. Leaves eglandular at the base. Stamens shorter than the
calyx-lobes, irregularly united into a ring. Drupe small, obovoid, with a thin
1-celled endocarp lined with hairs. Cotyledons amygdaloid.

5. P. nitidum, Hook. f. ; branches and leaves quite glabrous, leaves
elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminate narrowed into the very short
petiole polished on both surfaces.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay (Herb. Kew 619). — Distrib. Borneo.

A small tree (Griffith), branchlets slender. Leaves 3-4 in., coriaceous, very acute
at the base, polished on both surfaces, especially above ; nerves very slender, much
arched ; petiole £ in. ; stipules subulate, Panicles axillary and terminal, hoary,
narrow, with rather short spreading branches. Flowers small, ^ in., very shortly
pedi celled. Calyx-tvhc obconic, pubescent within; lobes short and rounded. Petals very
small, obovate, tomentose. Stamens 5-7, filaments united into a short ring that is
toothed opposite the ovary. Carpel (1-celled, Griff.) inserted almost at the base of
the calyx-tube, villous. Drupe obovoid, £-£ in. long, yellow, smooth, glabrous.

Subgen. IIL. Leaves eglandular or 2-glandular at the base. Stamens
longer than the calyx-lobes, unilateral. Drupe large, globose, woody, glabrous
within ; unknown in P. indicum and travancoricum.

* Leaves eglandular at the base.

6. P. asperulum, Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. Suppl. 307 ; branches and leaves
quite glabrous, leaves elliptic-oblong obtuse or obtusely acuminate, flowers in
short stout tomentose thyrsoid spikes.

Malacca, Griffith. Maingay (Herb. Kew, 618). — Distrib. Sumatra.

Branches black, slender, and leaves glabrous. Leaves 3-4 in., suddenly con^-
tracted to the obtuse point, shining above and covered sometimes with minute raised
points, base rounded ; nerves about 10 pair, very slender with intermediate reticu
lations ; petiole very short. Spikes 2-4 in. long, the very stout angular peduncle

Tarinarivm.'] li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 311

and rachis densely clothed with soft yellowish tomentum ; bracts oblong, obtuse.
Flowers sessile, £ in. long. Calyx-tube clavate, gibbous, clothed with silky hairs
outside, and with long deflexed hairs inside ; lobes broadly ovate, obtuse. Petals
obovate, sessile, nearly glabrous. Stamens 12-15, £ in. long, circinnately incurved,
united at the base into a unilateral ring which is deficient opposite the single carpel.
Ovary densely woolly, imperfectly 2-celled; style very long and slender, stigma
minute. Drupe the size of a small apple, spherical, very hard ; outer surface rough
and rust-coloured ; endocarp § in. thick, bony ; cavity smooth with a furrow down one
side and a few very stout sparingly branched raised veins. Seed large, testa thin ;
embryo with the cotyledons consolidated into a ruminated mass.

** Leaves obscurely 2-glandular at the base.

7. P. indicum, Bedd. Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 109 ; Flor. Syluat. t, 191 ;
leaves elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous, nerves 8-10 pair, racemes tomentose. En-
tosiphon, Bedd. in Mad. Journ. Lift. Ser. 3. i. 44.

Western Peninsula; Wynad, in moist woods, alt. 2-3000 ft., Beddome.

A middling sized tree. Leaves 8-9 by 3 in., slightly undulate ; nerves strong
beneath, much arched ; petiole very short. Racemes axillary and terminal, simple,
stout, rarely divided at the base. Flowers shortly pedicelled, ^-f in. long. Calyx-
tube campanulate ; lobes ovate, acute. Petals ovate, sessile, shorter than the calyx-
lobes. Stamens 12-15, unilateral, twice as long as the calyx -lobes. Ovary hairy,
2-celled.

8. P. travancoricum, Bedd. Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 189 ; leaves lanceolate
glabrous, nerves 12-16 pair, racemes silky.

"Western Peninsula, near Courtallum, alt. 2000 ft., Beddome.

A small graceful tree, young parts grey, silky ; branchlets very slender. Leaves
4-5 by 1-1 5 in., obtusely acuminate; margins waved; nerves beneath silky when
young, finally glabrous ; petiole very short. Bacemes 1-2 in., few-flowered, simple
or branched at the base, drooping, silky. Flowers £ in. long. Calyx-tube campanu-
late ; lobes ovate, acute. Petals broadly ovate, obtuse, equalling or exceeding the
calyx -lobes. Stamens 10-12, unilateral, filaments three times as long as the calyx-
lobes. Ovary hairy, 2-celled.

DOUBTFUL, EXCLUDED AND IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECD3S.

P. Wallichianum, Wall. Cat. 7520 ; consists of branches with leaves only
of a most conspicuousJ plant from Sincapore, which I suspect is a Dipterocarpus.
Branchlets very stout and leaves beneath clothed most densely with appressed
snow-white almost silvery tomentum ; leaves 8-14 by 3-6 in., oblong, abruptly
acuminate, rounded at the base, quite entire ; nerves 30-35 pair, spreading ;
upper surface shining ; petiole very short and stout ; stipules sheathing, 1 in. long,
membranous. — Sincapore. A lofty tree ( Wallich).

P. Helferi, Hook. f. ; branchlets slender clothed with soft rusty tomentum.
leaves elliptic-oblong acuminate membranous white and downy beneath, nerves
about 12 pair, flowers minute in small softly tomentose panicles, calyx-tube shortly
campanulate, stamens 6-7. P. sumatranum, Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 433, not
o/Benth.?

Tenasserim, Heifer.

Leaves 3-4 in., base rounded or acute ; petiole and midrib beneath when young
clothed with rusty soft wool ; whole undersurfaee clothed with loese snow-white
tomentum when young, hoary when old ; nerves spreading, slender. Panicle 1 in.
long. Flowers j$ in., very shortly pedicelled. Calyx-lobes short, rounded.
Petals very small, ovate. Stamens equalling the calyx-lobes. — I have seen but one
specimen.

P. ? A species, apparently allied to P: Helferi, collected by Griffith on hills

312 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Parasiemon.

at Palor in Mergui; it has broadly linear-oblong leaves 5-7 in., quite glabrous
and shining above with 8-10 pairs of very oblique nerves, undersurface also glabrous
except the puberulous midrib and nerves ; petiole stout, tomentose. Flowers minute,
in very small axillary racemes, densely tomentose, too young to discern their parts.

P. ? Jackianum, Benth. in Hook. Niger Flor. 335 (Petrocarya excelsa, Jack, in
Mai. Misc. ii. 66 J ; 'a large tree, leaves oblong acuminate glabrous, racemes ferru-
ginous and tomentose strict erect sparingly branched, stamens 11 unilateral twice
as long as the petals, drupe enclosed in the enlarged calyx and adnate to it, nuts
smooth 1 -celled, with an abortive cell usually above the fertile, embryo cylindric' —
Malaya, Jack. But for the description of the fruit, this might be P. asperulum, Miq.

Pabinabium dillenifolium, R. Br. in Wall. Cat. 7520 (Petrocarya dillenifolia,
Steud.), is Dipterocarpus cornutus, Dyer.

P. excelsum, G. Bon, Gen. Syst. Gard. ii. 479 ; Balz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Flor. Suppl. 32.
A tree introduced at G-oa from Mozambique, and called Matomba by the Portuguese,
is imperfectly known and should be ascertained.

2. PARASTEMON,i.i).C.

A shrub or small tree. Leaves simple, alternate, evergreen, quite entire.
Fkncers polygamo-dicecious, minute, racemose, ebracteolate. Calyx-tube shortly
canipanulate ; lobes 5, imbricate. Petals 5 (or 6), oblong, deciduous. Stamens
2 perfect, unilateral. Carpel 1, adnate to one side of the calyx-tube, 1-celled ;
style basilar; ovules 2, erect. Fruit oblong, coriaceous, 1-celled, 1-seeded,
indehiscent. Seed erect, testa membranous pubescent ; cotyledons fleshy, radicle
inferior, plumule hairy.

1. P. urophyllum, A. B.C. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. xviii. 208. Em-
"belia urophylla, Wall. Cat. 2309. Oelastrus racemosa, Wall. Cat. 4320.

Eastern Peninsula ; Sincapobe, Wallich ; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay ;
Tenassebim or Andaman Islands, Heifer. — Distbib. Borneo.

Quite glabrous. Leaves 2-3 in., elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate,
shining, narrowed at the base into the very short petiole ; nerves faint. Racemes
slender, axillary, equalling the leaves, rarely branched at the base ; bracts concave, at
the base of the pedicel. Flowers ^ in. diam., shortly pedicelled. Fruit % in. long,
ellipsoid, quite smooth and glabrous.

3. PBUNUS, Linn.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, simple, quite entire or serrate or crenate
or glandular-serrulate ; petiole often 2-glandular. Flowers white or red, soli-
tary fascicled corymbose or racemed. Calyx deciduous in fruit; lobes 5,
imbricate. Petals 5. Stamens 15-60, perigynous, inserted in the mouth of the
calyx-tube, filaments free. Carpel 1 ; style terminal ; ovules 2, collateral,
pendulous. Drupe with an indehiscent or 2-valved, 1-seeded, smooth, or
rugged stone. Seed pendulous, testa membranous or coriaceous, albumen scanty
or 0. — Distrib. N. temp, regions, rare in the tropics ; species 80.

The scented kernels of the European and West Asiatic P. Mahaleb, L., are sold
in the bazaars of N.W. India, and the tree is cultivated in Beluchistan, and probably
occurs on the N.W. frontier ; it is a small tree of the Cerasus section, with ovate
crenate leaves, fragrant flowers in peduncled corymbose racemes, and ovoid drupes
i in. long.

Sect. I. Amygdalus. Leaves conduplicate in bud. Flowers subsessile.
Drupe usually pubescent ; stone bony, rugged.

Prunus.] li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 313

P. amygdalus, Baill. ; leaves appearing after the flowers oblong-lanceolate ser-
rulate, petiole glandular as long as the leaf is broad or longer, stipules fimbriate,
flowers peduncled, calyx campanulate, pericarp 2-valved. Brandis For. Flor. 190.
Amygdalus communis, Linn.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 500. — The almond.

Cultivated in the cooler parts of India.

P. persica, Benth. $ Hook. f. Gen. Plant, i. 609 ; leaves appearing after or with the
flowers oblong-lanceolate serrate, petiole glandular or not snorter*than the leaf is
broad, stipules fimbriate, flowers sessile, calyx campanulate, pericarp indehiscent.
Brandis For. Flor. 191. Amygdalus persica, Linn.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 500. A. col-
linus, Wall. Cat. 723. Persica vulgaris, Miller. ? P. saligna, Royle El. 204 (name
only).— The peach. Wall. Cat. 7120.

Cultivated in the cooler parts of India : up to 10,000 ft. in the N.W. Himalaya.

The nectarine is a form with glabrous and the peach with downy pericarp.

Sect. II. Armeniaca. Leaves convolute in bud. Floioers sessile or
peduncled. Drupe large, indehiscent, downy'; stone bony, smooth.

P. armeniaca, Linn. ; leaves appearing after or with the flowers broadly ovate
acuminate crenate, petiole glandular, stipules lanceolate, flowers shortly peduncled,
calyx campanulate, stone with a thickened grooved margin. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 501.
Brand. For. Flor. 191.— The apricot.

Cultivated and almost naturalised in N.W. India up to 10,000 ft., and in Tibet."

Var. dasycarpa, the black-fruited apricot, is also cultivated in Kashmir. Brandis
I. c. Thomson's Kashmir specimens (cultivated at 5-7,000 ft.) have peduncles longer
than the calyx-tube.

Sect. III. Cerasus. Leaves conduplicate in bud. Floioers solitary fasv6-
cled or umbelled. Calyx-tube sh jrt or long. Drupe glabrous, not glaucous.

* Flowers appearing with the leaves,

P. Avium, Linn. ; roots without suckers, leaves flaccid drooping oblong-obovate
acutely serrate pubescent beneath, petiole long 2-glandular, flower fascicled long-
pedicelled, flowering buds leafless, calyx-tube urceolate constricted at the top, lobes
entire, petals flaccid spreading almost obcordate, fruit sweet or bitter, stone smooth.
P. Cerasus o, Brandis For. Flor. 193. — Sweet cherry or gean.

Cultivated in the N. W. Himalaya up to 8000 ft., and almost naturalised.

P. Cerasus, Linn. ; roots with many suckers, leaves erect firm shining crenate-
serrate glabrous beneath, petiole short eglandular, flowers fascicled long-pedicelled,
flowering buds leafy, calyx-tube campanulate not constricted at the top, lobes cre-
nate, petals erect stiff tip rounded, fruit acid, stone smooth. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii.
501. P. caproniana, DC. Prodr. ii. 536. — Wild cherry.

Cultivated in the N. W. Himalaya up to 8000 ft.

1. P. prostrata, Labill. ; Boiss. Flor. Orient,, ii. 648 ; leaves small elliptic-
or ovate-oblong obtuse serrate glabrous above white and tomentose beneath,
flowers solitary or fascicled subsessile, calyx-tube cylindric, fruit small almost
dry. Brandis Far. Flor. 193 ; Sibth. Flor. Grcec. t. 478. Bot. Reg. t. 136.

Western temperate Himalaya from the Sutlej westwards, alt. 5-10,000 ft.,
Jacquemont, Falconer, etc. — Distrib. Westward to Spain, ascending to 12,000 ft. in
Afghanistan.

A scraggy shrub 5-6 ft. ; branches hoary, spreading, suberect or prostrate.
Leaves £-1 in., usually snowy white beneath, rarely green, narrowed into the short
eglandular petiole. Flowers red, on lateral buds, appearing with the leaves. Calyx-
tube \ in., cylindric, glabrous or pubescent ; limb with 5 oblong obtuse entire lobes.
Petals orbicular-obovate, longer than the calyx, rosy. Stametis much shorter. Fruit
I in., ovoid or subglobose, red-purple, flesh scarcely eatable.

314 li. rosacea. (J.D.Hooker.) [Prunus.

2. P. tomentosa, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 203 ; branchlets tomentose, leaves
shortly petioled orbicular-ovate acuminate crenate-serrate sparingly hairy above
densely and softly so beneath, flowers solitary pedicelled) calyx-tube shortly
cylindric glabrous. P. trichocarpa, Bunge, En. Plant. Chin. Bor. 96 ; Sieb. Sf
Zucc. Fl. Japon. t. 22 ; Cerasus tomentosa, Wall. Cat. 715.

North "West Himalaya ; Kashmir, alt. 5-6000 ft. Thomson. Western Tibet,
Ladak, Moorcroft. — Distrib. N. China.

A shrub, with slender spreading branches. Leaves l-l£ in., membranous,
almost velvety beneath, base rounded, tip sometimes prolonged ; petiole very short,
eglandular, tomentose ; stipules slender, laciniate. Flowers axillary. Calyx-tube \ in. ;
lobes oblong-lanceolate, acute, entire. Petals small. Fruit ellipsoid, young hairy
pointed, ripe obtuse compressed.

3. P. rufa, Wall. Cat. 721 (Cerasus) ; young branches densely tomentose,
leaves elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate serrate glabrate, petiole
eglandular pubescent, flowers axillary solitary or fascicled, calyx-tube urceolate
glabrous, P. ferruginea, Wall. MSS.

Central and Eastern temperate Himalaya, Nepal, Wallich: Sikkim, alt.
10-12,000 ft. J. D. H. Bhotan, Griffith.

A small tree, 15-20 ft., branchlets woody. Leaves 1-4 in., narrowed into the
short petiole, very sharply serrate, midrib puberulous above pubescent or glabrate
beneath ; nerves reticulated ; petiole ^ in. ; bud-scales linear, membranous, glandu-
lar-serrate ; stipules filiform laciniate. Flowers pink ; peduncles glabrous, longer
than the petioles. Calyx-tube £ in., ventricose at the base, then contracted, mouth
spreading, lobes broad short subacute crenulate. Petals small, orbicular. Fruit
ellipsoid, on stout lengthened pedicels, red, fleshy, stone rugged.

** Flowers appearing before the leaves.

4. P. Jacquemontii, Hook. f. ; dwarf, leaves small elliptic or obovate
acute sharply serrate glabrous or minutely puberulous beneath, petiole eglandu-
lar, stipules setaceous, drupe globose, stone smooth. Amygdalus humilis, Edgiv.
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 44, not of Bunge.

Western Himalaya; in the Tibetan region, Jacquemont. Gttrwhal, Malari,
alt. 9000 ft., Edgworth ; Niti, 11,500 ft., Strachy and Winterbottom. Kunawur, alt.
12,000 ft., T. Thomson.

Branches strict, slender, divaricating, glabrous, or puberulous in the leaf axils and
buds. Leaves 1 in., variable in breadth, from linear-oblong to rhomboid-obovate
but usually elliptic, narrowed into the short petiole, rather coriaceous ; nerves nearly
straight, very oblique ; petiole puberulous. {Calyx-tube glabrous except at the base
within ; lobes short, crenulate. Petals short, obovate. Ovary glabrous, Edgw.)
Drupe very shortly pedicelled, fleshy in Jacquemont's specimen, dry globose and
cuspidate in Thomson's, stone smooth.

I refer this doubtfully to the section with the flowers appearing before the leaves ;
the specimens being in fruit only. This is the species mentioned by Brandis (For.
Flor. 194, under P. Puddum) as P. humilis, Bunge, of China, and found from the
Chenab to the Jumna, but it differs much from Bunge's humilis in the very short pe-
duncles, and much coarser serratures of the leaves. Edgworth gave it the name of
Amygdalus humilis, without reference to Bunge's species of Prunus of that name.

5. P. Puddum, Roxb. MSS. in Herb. Wall. ; arboreous, leaves ovate- or
oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate sharply serrate, petiole 2-4-glandular,
flowers solitary fascicled or umbelled, calyx-tube narrowly campanulate, petals
obovate or linear-oblong. Branded For. Flor. 194 ; Kurz, For. Flor. Brit.
Burm., i. 434. P. cerasoides, Don, Prodr. 239. P. sylvatica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii.
501. Cerasus Puddum, Wall. PI. As. Rar. ii. 37, t. 143 ; Cat. 714. O. Phoshia,
Ham. in Don, Prodr. 239.

Primus.] li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 315-

Temperate Himalaya ; from Gcrwhal, alt. 3-6000 ft. to Sikkim and Bhotan, alt.
5-S000 ft. Burma, East of Bhamo, Kurz.

A large tree, of brilliant appearance in flower, glabrous except the puberulous
young shoots. Leaves 3-5 in., variable in length and breadth, often doubly serrate,
glabrous ; petiole slender, |-§ in. ; stipules long, subulate, laciniate. Flowers rose
red or white, from lateral buds clothed with concave rounded glabrous scales ; pedun-
cles £-1 in., often subcymose, connate at the base or almost umbellate. Calyx-tube
$ in., glabrous ; lobes ovate, acute, quite entire. Drupe oblong or ellipsoid, obtuse
at both ends ; flesh scanty yellow or reddish, acid ; stone bony rugose and furrowed.
— Allied to the C. pseudocerasus, of Japan. In Sikkim the ovary is often (from insect
puncture) enlarged into a fusiform pale smooth fleshy body 2 inches long gradually
narrowed into the elongate filiform style.

Sect. IV. Prunus proper. Leaves convolute in bud, appearing after the
flowers. Floivers solitary or fascicled. Calyx-tube short. Drupe glabrous,
usually glaucous.

6. P. communis, Hu^ds. ; var. insititia ; shrubby, unarmed or spinous,
leaves obovate ovate or ovate-lanceolate serrulate obtuse acute or cuspidate,
nerves hairy beneath, peduncles solitary or in pairs, calyx-tube obconic, drupe
globose or ovoid drooping. Brand. For. Floi: 192. P. insititia, Linn. ; P.
bokhariensis, and P. aloocha, Royle III. 205 (names only),

Western temperate Himalaya; cultivated or indigenous from Gurwhal to
Kashmir, alt. 5-7000 ft. ('truly wild,' T. Thomson).

This,. Thomson who gathered it in Kashmir, considers to be the common yellow
fruited bullace ; its fruit is eatable, and I see no character whereby to distinguish
it from that plant. I have seen no specimens of Boyle's P. aloocha and bokhariensis,
but have no reason to doubt that they are referable to this. A dark blue damson,
probably P. communis, var. domestica, and an orange red larger one, are stated by
Madden (As. Soc. Journ. xvii. part i. 445), to be cultivated about Almorah.

7. P. triflora, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 38 ; Fl. 2nd. ii. 501 (trifolia) ; shrubby,
unarmed, leaves oblanceolate crenulate shortly acuminate nerves glabrous be-
neath, peduncles usually in threes, calyx-tube turbinate, drupes ovoid cordiform.
Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 434 ; Wall. Cat. 720.

Ava Hills, Kurz. — Distrib. China.

A bushy tree, with blackish bark, everywhere glabrous. Leaves 2-4 in., recurved,
eglandular at the base, equitant in bud ; petiole slender ; stipules gland-ciliate.
Flowers small, white, very regularly in threes from the • buds ; peduncle £ in.
Calyx-lobes longer than the tube, ovate, acute, margins glandular. Petals £ in.,
broadly obovate. Ovary ovoid, stigma large. Drupe purple, glaucous, grooved on one
side ; pulp reddish yellow. — I have taken the characters from Boxburgh and Kurz.

Sect. V. Laurocerasus. Leaves conduplicate in bud. Floivers in axil-
lary or terminal many-flowered racemes. Calyx-tube short, obconic. Drupe
glaucous or not.

* Leaves deciduous.

8. P. Padus, Linn ; leaves oblong-obovate or -lanceolate acuminate,
sharply closely serrulate, base rounded or cordate, nerves 10-20 pair, petiole often
eglandular, racemes elongate pendulous, flowers ^-^ in. diam., stamens 30-40,
drupe | in. diam. globose, stone rugose. Brandis Fo?: Flor. 194. Cerasus cor-
nuta, Wall. Cat. 716 and 717 inpdrt \ Royle III. 207, t. 38, f. 2.

Temperate Himalaya, from Murree, alt. 6-9500, to Sikkim, alt. 8-12,000 ft.,
and Bhotan. — Distrib. Westward to Great Britain, and Siberia to Kamtschatka.

316 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Prunus.

A small nearly glabrous tree, with young parts sparingly pubescent. Leaves very
variable, 4-6 in., usually oblong-lanceolate with a cordate base, serratures often
double very close-set; nerves often with hairs in the axils beneath, under-surface not
glaucous ; nerves spreading, slightly arched ; petiole £-1 in., slender, glands small or
0 ; stipules linear, membranous, caducous. Racemes from the axils of fallen leaves or
terminating lateral leaf-branchlets, 4-10 in. long, drooping; peduncle and rachis gla-
brous pubescent or tomentose ; pedicels \ in. ; bracts linear, caducous. Flowers white.
Calyx-tube hemispheric or turbinate ; lobes rounded, obtuse, gland-toothed. Petals
orbicular, concave. Drupe acid, the size of a large pea ; stone thick, rugged, — Wal-
lich's name of cornuta alludes to a diseased (by insects) condition of the ovary, which
becomes elongate curved and fusiform as in P. Puddum. Foliage red in autumn.

9. P. nepalensis, Ser. in DC. Prodr. ii. 540 (Oerasus) ; leaves lanceo-
late or oblong-lanceolate acuminate crenate-serrate glaucous beneath, nerves
16-20 pairs, base usually acute, petiole eglandular, racemes elongate, drupe
globose, stone smooth § in. diam. Cerasus glaucifolia, Wall. Cat. 717. C. Lind-

leyana, Wall. Cat. 1008.

♦

Temperate Himalaya, from Kuhmaon, alt. 6000 ft. to Sikkim alt. 7-10.000 ft.
Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft.

Very difficult to distinguish from P. Padus except by the fruit, which is more
than twice as large, with a quite smooth thick-walled stone ; leaves usually glaucous
beneath and acute at the base, serratures far less sharp and more distant ; calyx
lobes shorter.

10. P. undulata, Ham. in Don Prodr. 239 ; leaves membranous ob-
long-lanceolate acuminate crenate-serrate glabrous, nerves 6-10 pair, petiole
usually eglandular, racemes slender, flowers £ in. diam., stamens 15-20, drupe
globose pointed, stone smooth \ in. P. adenophylla, Wall. MSS. Cerasus un-
dulata, £er. MSJS. in DC. Prodr. ii. 540. O. capricida, Wall. Cat. 718.

Temperate Himalaya from Ktjmaon alt. 6-8000 ft. to Sikxim alt. 8-12,000 ft.,
and Bhotan. Khasia Mts., Griffith.

Branches slender, quite glabrous. Leaves variable, usually 2-3 in., oblong-
lanceolate but often larger and almost linear-lanceolate, base acute or rounded, mem-
branous and undulate when dry; nerves 8-10 pair, slender, spreading and arched;
glands 0 or 1 or 2 at the base of the leaf, rarely on the slender petioles. Racemes
usually more slender than in the two preceding species, glabrous or puberulous.
Flowers white. Calyx-tube glabrous, lobes glabrous or ciliate. Stamens short. Drupe
with a thin-walled smooth stone. — Foliage of this is often like that of P. nepalensis,
but has usually fewer veins, and the small flowers and drupes well distinguish it —
"Wallich observes that the foliage is poisonous to goats.

** Foliage persistent.

11. P. martabanica, Wall. Cat. 4902 (Cerasus ?) ; glabrous except the
pubescent racemes, leaves oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate quite entire
smooth, nerves very faint, racemes fascicled stout short, petals small orbicular,
stamens very numerous. Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burin, i. 434.

Eastern Peninsula ; Mabtaban, Wallich ; Mergui, Griffith ; Andaman and Ta-

NASSEBIM, KurZ.

Branchlets quite glabrous. Leaves 5-7 in. long, coriaceous, very smooth on both
surfaces, shining above, base rounded ; nerves 6-8 pair, arched, very slender ; petiole
§-£ in., slender, eglandular. Racemes 1-7 in., usually on the old wood ; peduncle and
rachis strict ; pedicels ^ in., stout. Flowers \ in. diam. Calyx-tube obconic, coria-
ceous ; lobes erect, ovate, obtuse. Petals small, orbicular. Stamens 60-80 in many
series. Ovary glabrous, style long, exserted ; Drupe \\ in. long, cylindric oblong,
pointed, apparently dry ; stone thin- walled, smooth. — Foliage like that of P. Java-

Prumis.] li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 317

nica, Miq., but calyx very different and drupe larger. Kurz however refers to this
both P.javnnica and Jung huhniana of Miquel (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, ii. 52, and
Andaman Reports, ed. ii. 37).

12. P. acuminata, Wall. PL As. Rar. ii. 78, t. 181 (Cerasus); glabrous
throughout, leaves lanceolate caudate-acuminate quite entire or remotely serrate,
racemes axillary solitary or fascicled very slender, petals oblong, stamens about
15. Wall. Cat. 719. 0. integerrima, Wall. Cat. 722.

Temperate Central and Eastern Himalaya, from Nepal and Sikkim, alt. 5-7000 ft.,
to Mishmi. Khasia Mts. alt. 4000 ft.

A tree 30-40 ft. ; branches slender. Leaves 4-7 in., flat, smooth on both sur-
faces, hardly shining above, base rounded or acute, sometimes dotted beneath with
minute glands, or glands 0 or few and scattered ; nerves 8-10 pair, obliquely ascend-
ing, slender but evident ; petiole \ in., eglandular ; stipules linear. Racemes 3-5 in.,
suberect or drooping, many-flowered ; pedicels £ in., slender ; bracts minute. Flowers
\-% in. diam., yellowish -white. Calyx-tube broadly campanulate ; limb patent, ob-
scurely 5-toothed. Ovary villous. Drupe ovoid, subacute, \ in. long ; stone thin,
quite smooth.

18. P. punctata, Hook.f. fy T. in Herb. Ind. Or. (Cerasus) ; quite gla-
brous, leaves oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate quite entire or serrulate dotted
with minute glands beneath, racemes subcorymbiform, stamens about 30.

Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft., Jenkins, etc.

A shrub or small tree with slender pendulous branchlets, the youngest puberu-
lous. Leaves 3-5 in., caudate points curved very long obtuse, base acute, smooth
on both surfaces, shining above ; nerves 8-10 pairs, slender, obliquely arched; pe-
tiole ^ in., eglandular ; stipules filiform. Racemes axillary, solitary, shorter than
the leaves, 8-10-flowered ; peduncle very slender; pedicels J~£ in., subcorymbose to-
wards the top of the peduncle. Flowers x in. diam. Calyx-tube obconic ; lobes 5,
rounded, ciliate. Petals orbicular, ciliate. Ovary glabrous. Drupe globose ; stone
thin-walled, quite smooth.

14. P. Jenkinsii, Hook.f. Sf Thorns, in Herb. Ind Or. (Cerasus) ; leaves
linear-oblong caudate-acuminate serrate undulate shining eglandular, racemes ax-
illary short cylindric dense-flowered pubescent, stamens about 50.

Assam, Jenkins ; at Choorpura, (Upper Assam), Griffith.

Branches black, stout, glabrous. Leaves 5-7 in., tip obtuse, base acute, red-brown
above when dry, paler beneath, margin undulate, teeth when present remote ;
nerves 10-15 pair, obliquely arching; petiole ^ in., eglandular; stipules linear-lan-
ceolate. Racemes 1^-2^ in., strict, erect, usually densely clothed with flowers to the
base which is enclosed in concave orbicular scales ; pedicels very smooth. Calyx-tube
turbinate ; lobes rounded, ciliate. Petals small, orbicular, erose. Ovary glabrous.
Drupe with the stone § in., broadly ovoid, obtuse, rugose, and with a thick ridge on
one side, walls very thick and hard.

4. MADDENIA, Hook.f.^ Thorns.

Deciduous leaved trees. Leaves alternate, glandular-fringed or -serrate ; sti-
pules conspicuous, gland-senate. Floicers in racemes or corymbs, sub-unisexual.
Calyx-tube turbinate, 10-lobed, some of the lobes often produced into oblong'
tomentose petals. Stamens 20-30, in one series, filaments incurved ; anthers
small. Carpels 1, with a slender style and usually not perfecting, or two with
shorter or no styles and larger stigmas, one or both perfecting ; ovules 2, colla-
teral, pendulous. Fruit an oblong drupe ; pericarp thin ; stone rather bony. Co-
tyledons thick, oblong. Distkib. Two Indian species.

A form between Pygeum and Prunus, differing from both in the frequent twin

318 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Maddenia.

carpels, of which both often ripen, from Pygeam in the form of the fruit habit, and
deciduous foliage, and from Prunus in the flower whicb is altogether that of Pygeurn
except for the carpels.

1. HI. himalaica, Hook.f. fy Thorns, in Hook. KewJourn. Bot. vi. 1854)
380, t. xii. ; racemes tomentose snort dense-flowered.

Temperate Eastern Himalaya; Sikxim, Lachen Eiver, alt. 8-1000 ft. Bhotan,
Griffith.

A small tree, 20-30 ft. ; bark of branches red brown, shining. Leaves 3-5 in.,
variable in shape, ovate or obovate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate, rather membran-
ous, densely woolly or glabrate beneath, base acute rounded or cordate, cilia of the
margin often gland-tipped especially at the base of the leaf; nerves 15-20 pair, ob-
lique and nearly straight ; petiole very short indeed ; stipules large, linear-lanceo-
late, membranous, acuminate, gland-serrate. Racemes terminal, 1-3 in., dense-flowered.
Flowers 8-20, white, shortly pedicelled. Calyx-tube turbinate ; lobes obtuse and
petals together 10, the latter minute unequal linear-oblong. Stamens 20-30. Car-
pels 1 or 2, fusiform, quite glabrous, tapering into short or long styles with discoid
stigmas. Drupe £ in., broadly ovoid ; epicarp thin ; stone thickly crustaceous, quite
smooth.

2. BX. pedicellata, Hook. f. ; flowers subcorymbose on long slender
pedicels on a short peduncle.

Mishmi Hills, Griffith.

I have very imperfect scraps of this curious species, in unripe fruit only, the pe-
dicels are 2 in. long and each flower has the unripe oblong-carpels £ in. long.

5. PYGEUM, Gcertn.

Evergreens trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, persistent, usually quite entire ;
stipules minute, fugacious, basal glands 2 or 0. Flowers small, racemose, some-
times unisexual by want of the ovary. Calyx-tube obconic urceolate or campanu-
late, deciduous ; limb 5-15-toothed, often unequally. Petals minute, 6-6 in the
5 -6-toothed calyx, 0 in the 10-15-toothed, villous or tomentose rarely glabrous,
often undistinguishable from the calyx-lobes. Stamens 10-50, in one or
more series at the orifice of the calyx-tube, filaments slender incurved ; anthers
small. Carpel 1, basal in the calyx-tube, ovoid or subglobose ; style terminal,
slender, exserted from the bud, stigma capitate ; ovules 2, collateral, pendu-
lous. Fruit a transversely oblong obscurely didymous rarely subglobose drupe,
pericarp thin, dry or juicy. Cotyledons very thick, hemispheric ; radicle minute,
superior. Distrib. Species about 20, Tropical Asiatic and one African.

Differs from Prunus chiefly in the minute villous petals (when present) and form
of the fruit. The often conspicuous basal pair of glands on the leaf are very variable,
a few species have scattered glands, and one has buJlate glands on the tip of the pe-
tiole, formed by a prolongation of the leaf-blade.

* Ovary*glabrous or nearly so.

1. P. acuminatum, Coleb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. 360, 1. 18 ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate quite glabrous, basal glands 0, racemes
slender villous, petals 6 villous. Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Barm. i. 435. Chryso-
balaneus, Wall. Cat. 7496.

Eastern Bengal ; Khasia Mts., Colebrooke, Wallich. Chittagong, Kurz.

A tree. Leaves 4-6 by 1^-3 in ; nerves spreading: petiole \ in. Racemes almost
equalling the leaves, suberect, 4-angled ; pedicels slender. Flowers yellow-green, in-
odorous. Calyx campanulate, acutely 6-toothed. Petals 6, clawed, ovate, villous.
Stamens 30-40. Ovary glabrous ; style very slender, exserted. Drupe 1 in. trans-
versely, dark-purple.

Pygeum:~] Li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 319

2. P. glaberrimum, Ltook.f. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate caudate-acumi-
nate quite glabrous, basal glands 0 or obscure, racemes slender and petioles gla-
brous. P. acuminatum, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. fy T.

Eastern tropical Himalaya, Sntxrcr, alt. 3-5000 ft., J. D. H. Khasia Mts., alt.
3-4000 ft., Simmonds, etc. Chittagong, J. D. H # T. T.

A branching tree, 30-50 ft., glabrous in all its parts, smelling strongly when
bruised of prussic acid. Leaves 4-9 in., base rounded or acute, opaque beneath, with
a few large scattered glands or 0 ; nerves spreading and arching ; petiole ^ in. Ra-
cemes numerous, erect ; rachis and pedicels slender. Calyx-tuhe obconic ; limb ob-
scurely 6-sinuate, disk pubescent at the base. Petals 6, oblanceolate, obtuse, hooded,
quite glabrous. Ovary puberulous, soon glabrate ; style slender, exserted, nearly
straight; stigma capitate. Fruit on a much elongated thickened peduncle, 1 in.
transversely. — Except for the perfectly glabrous inflorescence and petals, this closely
resembles P. acuminatum.

3. P. Wig-htianum, Blume, Melanges Bot. 1855, n. 2 (ex Walp. Ann. iv.
642); leaves rounded-oblong or elliptic obtuse with two largeglands at or near the
base, racemes stout pubescent, petals 5-6 tomentose. Thwaites JSnum. 102. P.
ceylanicum, Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. t. 59, excl. synon. Polyodontia ? ceylanica,

Wight. HI. i. 203 ; Ic. t. 256.

Western Peninsula ; Anamallay, Shevarry, Pulney and Tinevelly ranges, Bed-
dome. Ceylon; central province, alt. 4-8000 ft., Wight, etc.

A middle-sized tree, glabrous except the young shoots and inflorescence, which are
pubescent with dense appressed hairs. Leaves 3-4 in., coriaceous, base rounded or
subacute; nerves arched, spreading, prominent beneath; petiole \-^ in. Racemes
2-4 in. ; axillary, rachis and peduncle stout ; pedicels sometimes £ in. long. Flowers
\ in. diam. Calyx-tube obconic or turbinate ; limb 5- rarely 4- or 6-lobed, lobes
acute. Petals 4-6, oblong, tip rounded, softly tomentose. Stamens about 20. Ovary
quite glabrous ; style stout. Fruit § in. transversely, on very stout pedicels.

Var. parvifolium, Thwaites Enum. 103 ; leaves smaller sometimes lanceolate,
racemes shorter, pedicels very short, flowers smaller, stamens fewer, fruit \ in. trans-
versely.

4. P. lanceolatum, Hool . /. ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acumi-
nate, basal glands narrow oblong, racemes rarely axillary, short few-flowered
pubescent, bracts deciduous, petals 6 linear-lanceolate hairy.

Sincapohe, Lobb.

Branches very slender, young ones and petioles puberulous with appressed hairs.
Leaves 3-4 in., base very acute, rather glaucous beneath; nerves very oblique, midrib
with a few silky hairs ; petiole |-§ in., slender. Racemes |-| in. chiefly on the
branches below the leaves, about 10-flowered, pubescent, sometimes almost globose,
subsessile ; pedicels £ in. Flowers £ in. diam. Calyx-tube turbinate, limb very shortly
lobed. Stamens about 1 2 ; style slender. Ovary perfectly glabrous. Fruit not seen.
— Differs from P. persrmile, Kurz, in the pedicels and glabrous ovary.

5. P. IMCaing'ayi, Hook. f. ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate, basal
glands obscure or 0, racemes very short axillary solitary densely pubescent,
bracts persistent, calyx 6-lobed, petals 0.

Malacca, Maingay {Herb. Kew, 625),

Branchlets very slender. Leaves 2-3 in., rather coriaceous, base acute, nerves
very faint spreading and arched, perfectly glabrous on both surfaces ; petiole \ in.,
slender, glabrous. Racemes ^ in. almost globose, rusty tomentose ; pedicels very
short, exceding the oblong bracts. Calyx-tube obconic, glabrous within ; lobes oblong,
obtuse, villous. Stamens about 15, filament slender. Ovary small, often abortive
and slender, style glabrous. Fruit size of a large pea, nearly globose, with a sharp
mucronate apex.

320 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Pygeum.

6. P. Andersoni, Hook. f. ; quite glabrous, leaves oblong subacute or
obtuse crenate-serrate eglandular, racemes very short axillary dense-flowered
glabrous, calyx 5-lobed, petals broadly ovate with villous margins.

Bengal, summit of Parusnath, alt. 4000 ft., T. Anderson.

A rigid shrub, quite glabrous except the margins of the petals. Leaves 3 in.,
coriaceous, smooth above, and bright green, paler beneath with 10-12 pairs of very
faint nearly straight ascending nerves ; petiole £ in, Racemes 1 in. ; pedicels very
short ; bracts concave, obtuse. Calyx-tube hemispheric ; lobes broadly ovate, obtuse,
ciliate. Petals membranous, twice as large as the calyx-lobes. Stamens about 15.
Ovary very minute, glabrous, imperfect.

** Ovary hirsute or villous.
f Leaves glabrous beneath.

7. P. persimile, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xli. Pars. 2, 306 ; For.
Flor. Brit. Burnt, i. 436 ; leaves elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acumi-
nate, midrib pubescent beneath, racemes 2-3, pedicels very short.

Tenassebim, Kurz.

A tree ; young twigs sparingly appressed-pubescent. Leaves obtuse and equal or
unequal at the base, glabrous above or puberulous along the impressed nerves ; petiole
\ in. slender, pubescent. Racemes from the scars of fallen leaves, or from the
branches ; pedicels very short. Calyx-tube short, urceolate. Ovary densely hirsute ;
style long, exserted, stigma broad. — Next to P. Lampongo {Kurz, 1. c).

I have a specimen from Heifer that may be this, but it is in a most imperfect
state ; the basal leaf -glands are absent or very obscure, the raceme 1 in. long with
persistent bracts; the calyx-tube obconic and limb with 6 oblong obtuse lobes. — A
Malacca plant (Griffith 2052) may be referable here, but differs in the shorter
stout style.

9. P. polystachyum, Hook. f. ; leaves oblong obtuse young hoary
beneath, petiolar glands 2 very tumid, racemes fascicled elongate finely pubes-
cent, calyx-tube shortly 10-lobed, petals 0, stamens 40-50, style glabrous.

Malacca, Maingay (Herb. Kew, 627).

1 A tree, not lofty, with very thick trunk ; ' branches very stout, black, youngest
and young leaves beneath clothed with very fine hoary down. Leaves 5-7 in.,
rounded at both extremities, very coriaceous, glabrous above with impressed veins,
red-brown beneath with puberulous midrib and stout arching spreading nerves ; petiole
1 in., very stout, with two oblong tumid glands at the apex in old leaves (not developed
in the young). Racemes 2-4 in., axillary and from the scars of fallen leaves, hoary-
pubescent, peduncle and rachis stout, strict ; pedicels stout, £ in. ; bracts 0 ; bud»
globose. Calyx-tube | in. diam., urceolate ; teeth rounded. Stamens in several
series, filaments not longer than the calyx. Ovary hirsute ; style stout, exserted.

10. P. parviflorum, Teysm. fy Binnend. in Nat. Tijd. Neerl. Ind. ii.
309 ; leaves oblong obtuse, basal glands 2 large, nerves puberulous beneath,
racemes fascicled on the old wood elongate tomentose, bracts deciduous, calyx
limb 10-12-toothed, petals 0. — Miguel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 361. P. arboreum>
Endl. Gen. PL 1250 in part. Polydontia arborea, Blume Bijd. 1105. Poly-
storthia, Blume Prcef. Flor. Jav. viii. partim.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distkib. Java, Borneo.

A tree ; branches stout, lenticellate ; young branchlets and racemes tomentose.
Jjeaves 4-6 in., variable in length and breadth, coriaceous, base usually rounded ;
nerves strong arching and spreading ; midrib with fine appressed hairs ; petiole \-\
in. Racemes 1-3 in. long; peduncle and rachis stout; pedicels short; buds almost
globose. Calyx urceolate ; teeth small, obtuse, villous. Stamens about 20. Ovary
densely villous ; style slender, hairy. Fruit % in. transversely, clothed with deciduous
hairs. — Bornean specimens have no basal leaf-glands.

Pygeum.] LI. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 321

11. P. brevifolium, Hook. f. ; leaves broadly oblong acute or obtuse
quite glabrous beneath, basal glands minute or 0, racemes axillary globose
tomentose, calyx-limb 5-6-toothed, petals 0.

Malacca, summit of Mt. Ophir, Griffith, Lobb.

A shrub, 3-4 ft. ; branches woody and leaves quite glabrous. Leaves 2-2£ in.,
coriaceous, usually contracted at the tip and obtuse or emarginate, rarely acute ;
nerves beneath faint, spreading and arching ; petiole \-\ in. Bacemes contracted,
not g in. long, 6-10-fld; bracts small; pedicels short. Calyx urceolate; teeth un-
equal, obtuse. Stamens 10-16, filaments short. Ovary villous; style rather short,
glabrous. i

A specimen of this marked ' Lucon, T. Lobb,' in Herb. Hook., is probably so
ticketed by mistake. Lobb having visited Mt. Ophir no doubt collected it there.

12. P. G-ardneri, Hook. f. ; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate,
basal glands 0, racemes axillary stout elongate pubescent, bracts deciduous,
calyx 12-lobed, petals 0, stamens 12 short. Pygeum ? acuminatum, Wight Ic.
t. 993. P. zeylanicum, Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 89, excl. Synon., not of
Gcertn.

Western Peninsula, Nilghiri Hills, Gardner, Wight. Ghats of Bombay,
Ritchie.

A large tree, glabrous everywhere except the inflorescence. Leaves 4-6 in., very
coriaceous, base acute or rounded, equal or unequal, nerves oblique ; petiole £-1 in.,
quite glabrous, or of young leaves silky. Racemes 3-4 in., peduncle and rachis
stout ; pedicels short, stout. Flowers \ in. diam. Calyx-tube urceolate ; limb with
10-12 obtuse tomentose lobes. Petals 0. Stamens 12, rather slender. Ovary
hirsute; style exserted. Fruit 1-1 £ in., transversely 2-lobed, shining and smooth,
apiculate in the sinus at the top.

ft Leaves moi-e or less imbescent beneath.

13. P. ceylanicum, Gcertn. Fruct. i. 218, t. 46; branches leaves
beneath and inflorescence densely finely tomentose, leaves oblong-lanceolate
obtusely acuminate, basal glands large, racemes solitary, calyx obconic ob-
scurely 6-toothed, petals 6 acuminate, stamens about 12. Thwaites Enum. 102.
excl. Syn. P. acuminatum. P. Walkerii, Blume Mel. Bot. 1855 n. 2 {ex Walp.
Ann. iv. 642). Polyodontia Walkerii, Wight. III. i. 203.

Ceylon, warm moister parts of the island, ascending to 3000 ft., Walker, &c.

A rather large tree ; branches stout, lenticellate. Leaves 5-6 in., coriaceous,
base rounded ; nerves rather obliquely ascending, upper surface quite glabrous, under
closely and finely tomentose. Racemes axillary or from the axils of fallen leaves,
li-2 in., densely rusty-tomentose pedicels short, stout, bracts not seen. Calyx-tube
villous within, teeth obscure. Petals villous, hooded. Ovary villous ; style glabrous.

14. P. capitellatum, Hook. f. ; branchlets and leaves beneath finely
pubescent, leaves broadly oblong obtuse, basal glands rather large, racemes
axillary contracted into globose densely villous heads, calyx-tube campanulate
obscurely 10-lobed, petals 0, stamens about 15, style hairy.

Tenasserim, Heifer.

Branchlets rather stout, densely pubescent. Leaves 5-6 in., coriaceous, base
rounded, midrib stout, pubescent above, tomentose beneath ; nerves rather numerous,
8-10 pair, spreading and arched ; petiole \ in. Racemes solitary or crowded, sessile,
£ in. long, very dense-flowered ; pedicels very short. Calyx-\\mh tomentose on the
margin. Stamens longer than the calyx. Ovary villous ; style rather short, with
long hairs.

15. P. montanum, Hook.f. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate
ciliate rugulose above, pubescent or tomentose beneath, basal glands deeply

vol. n. r

322 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Pygeum.

sunk, racemes densely tomentose, calyx urceolate 5-toothed, petals 5 acute,
stamens 12-15, style hairy. Chrysobalanea arborescens, R. Br. in Wall. Cat.
7507.

Eastern Himalaya, Sikkim, Herb. Griff. Khasia Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft, Gomez, &c.

A small tree ; branches stout, young with short stiff hairs, older lenticellate.
Leaves 4-7 in., coriaceous, young with appressed hairs on the upper surface and
densely ciliate margins, base subacute or rounded, tip finely acuminate, above
glabrous except the impressed midrib, beneath clothed with short rather stiff
hairs; nerves 10-12 pair, obliquely ascending, prominent and reticulate beneath;
petiole very short, § in., stout. Racemes 1-1 1 in., solitary or fascicled on the old
wood; pedicels short; bracts not seen. Flowers \ in. diam. Calyx with 5 subulate
remote teeth. Petals villous, ovate-lanceolate. Ovary densely villous ; style slender.

15. P. Griffithii, Hook. f. ; branchlets and inflorescence densely to-
mentose, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtuse or obtusely cuspidate
minutely puberulous beneath obscurely sinuate-toothed, basal glands small,
racemes very short stout, flowers sessile, calyx 6-toothed, petals 0.

Malacca, Griffith.

Branchlets stout. Leaves 5-6 in., coriaceous, base rounded or acute, most
minutely dotted on both surfaces, smooth and glabrous above with puberulous
impressed midrib and nerves, margin ciliate and obscurely toothed, beneath finely
puberulous with 8-10 pair of spreading arching pubescent nerves; petiole | in.,
very stout. Racemes A in. long, axillary, solitary, few-flowered, densely tomentose,
rachis very short. Flowers apparently quite sessile. Calyx-tube obconic, teeth
oblong. Stamens 12. Ovary globose, hairy. — I have seen but one specimen and
the description of the flowers is from Griffith's MSS. The sinuated margin of the
leaf is a remarkable character.

16. P. arboreum, Endl. ; Kurz For. Flor. Brit. Burnt, i. 435 ; leaves
ovate-oblong or broad-oblong shortly cuspidate glabrous or rusty-tomentose
above, brown pubescent or almost tomentose beneath, racemes elongate 2-3
together in the axils of fallen leaves.

Martaban hills to Tenasserim, alt. 3-4000 ft.. Kurz.

A tree, young branches and buds rusty-tomentose. Leaves 4-6 in., rigidly char •
taceous or almost coriaceous, almost wrinkled above. Racemes 2-3 in., pedicels
j^-^q in. Calyx-teeth minute. Petals hardly longer, villous. Ovary densely rusty
villous. Drupe almost £ in. transversely, almost didymous, covered with fugacious
rusty-brown stiff hairs, soon glabrescent. — I have taken the description from Kurz,
having seen no specimens. Miquel divides the P. arboreum, Endl. (Gren. Plant. 1250)
into two species, P. parviflorum, Teysm. & Binnend., and P. latifoliam, Miq. The
former with a hirsute and the latter with an almost glabrous ovary — both are
Javanese.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

Maingay's No. 628 (Distrib. Kew) from Malacca not being in flower is undeter-
minable ; it has slender glabrous branchlets, oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate
quite glabrous rather membranous leaves 3-4 in. long, with short slender petioles,
very short racemes, fruit the size of a large pea, transversely elliptic-globose. ,

6. PRINSEPIA, Royle.

A glabrous spinous shrub. Leaves deciduous, lanceolate or obovate ; stipules
minute, deciduous. Flmoers in short axillary racemes on the sides of the
spines. Calyx persistent, tube cupular ; lobes 5, unequal, orbicular, imbricate
in bud. Petals 5, orbicular shortly clawed. Stamens numerous, many-seriate,

PrinS'ipia.] li. kosacejE. (J. D. Hooker.) 323

inserted on the mouth of the calyx-tube, filaments short ; anther-calls often
unequal, separated by a broad connective. Carpel 1, sessile; style basal,
ascending, stigma capitate ; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Drupe obliquely
ellipsoid or cylindric, with the remains of the style at its base ; epicarp thin ;
stone coriaceous, smooth. Seed erect, cotyledons amygdaloid, radicle inferior.

1. P. utilis, Royle III. 206, t. 38, f. 1 ; Brandis For. Flor. 196 ; Wall.
Cat. 8554.

Dry rocky hills on the temperate Himalayas, alt. 4-8000 ft., from Hazara to
Sikkim ascending to 9000 ft., and Bhotan ; Khasia Mts., alt. 5-6000 ft.

A shrub, 3-5 ft. ; branchlets green, soft, pubescent when young ; pith septate.
Leaves 1-5 in., coriaceous, acuminate, entire or serrate. Flowers £ in. diam., white,
usually opening in autumn. Drupes ^-§ in. purple, subtended by the withered
calyx.

7. SPIRJEA, Linn.

Perennial herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple or compound ; stipules
free or adnate to the petiole, rarely 0. Flowers in axillary or terminal cymes,
white or red. Calyx persistent, lobes 4-5, imbricate or valvate in bud. Petals
4-5. Stamens 20-60, filaments free or connate below. Disk fleshy, often
hairy. Carpels 5 or more, free or connate below ; styles subterminal ; ovules 2
or more, pendulous. Follicles 5 or more, few-seeded. — Distrib. Temperate and
cold regions of the N. hemisphere ; species 50.

Sect. I. TTlmaria. Herbs. Leaves pinnatisect. Disk obsolete. Car-
pels free ; ovules 2.

1. S. vestita, Wall. MSS. ; lateral leaflets small or 0, terminal very
large acutely palmately 3-5-lobed, stipules ^-orbicular, cymes proliferous.
S. Kamtschatica, Wall. Cat. 704 (not of Pallas). S. Kamtschatica, var.
himalensis, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1841, t. 4.

Western temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 7-12,000 ft. —
Distrib. Kamtschatka.

A herb, with perennial root, 1-1 £ ft., pubescent except the leaves above. Leaves
sometimes hoary with thick white tomentum beneath, lateral lobes very variable,
\~-\% in., sessile, ovate, acutely toothed; terminal lobe 2-6 in. diam., palmately
3-5-lobed; lobes acuminate, acutely lobulate and toothed. Cymes oblong, much
branched, very many-flowered. Flowers white, \ in. diam. Calyx small, lobes
obtuse. Petals oblong-orbicular. Carpels many, villous, 2-ovuled. — Very similar
indeed to S. Kamtschatica, a plant confined to the country whose name it bears, and
to Mantchuria, but quite distinct by the stipules.

Sect. II. Aruncus. Dioecious herbs. Leaves triternately pinnate. Disk
tumid. Carpels free ; ovules many.

2. S. Aruncus, Linn. ; Led. Fl. Boss. ii. 16 ; leaflets ovate caudate-
acuminate acutely doubly-serrate glabrous or silky beneath, stipules obsolete,
cymes panicled pubescent. Pallas Flor. Boss. t. 26 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 690.
Don Prodr. 228. S. triternata, Wall. Cat. 706.

Western and Central temperate Himalaya; from Sirmore, alt. 10,000 ft., T.
Thomson, to Nepal, Wallich. — Distrib. From West Europe to Kamtschatka and
Mantchuria, Japan and E. and W. N. America.

A slender herb, 2-4 ft., with stout perennial rootstock. Leaves with long primary
And secondary petioles, petiolules short ; leaflets 1-2 in. (1-10 in. in Japan specimens)
-rather membranous. Flowers dense, white, \ in. diam. Calyx-tube turbinate, lobes

y2 .

324 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Spiraea.

oblong- ovate. Petals orbicular. Carpels 6-8, tumid, glabrous and shining when
ripe. The Indian form has smaller and more numerous carpels than the European.

Sect. III. Sorbaria. Shrubs. Leaves pinnate. Disk adnate to the-
calyx-tube. Carpels connate below ; ovules many.

3. S. sorbifolia, Linn.; Led. Fl. Boss. ii. 15; leaflets 6-9 pair sessile
lanceolate- or linear-oblong acuminate doubly serrate glabrous or hairy beneath,
stipules linear-subulate, cymes in branched panicles. Pall. Flo?\ Boss, t. 24, 25.
S. Lindleyana, Wall. Cat. 703 ; Lindl. in Bot. Beg. t. 33.

"Western temperate Himalayas; from Kunawttr to Ktjmaon, alt. 7-10,000 ft. —
Distrib. Altai Mts. to N. China and Japan.

A tall shrub, glabrous or with soft hairs in the young parts, leaflets beneath and
inflorescence. Leaves 8-12 in. ; leaflets 2-4 in., sessile, gradually narrowed from
near the usually rounded base to the long tip ; terminal sometimes lobed at the base ;.
petiole cylindric. Flowers white, \ in. diam. Calyx-tube hemispheric ; lobes
rounded. Petals orbicular. Carpels 5, glabrous or pubescent; ripe oblong, de-
hiscing dorsally.

Sect. IV. Chamaedrya. Shrubs. Leaves simple. Disk adnate to the
calyx-tube, glandular. Carpels free ; ovules many.

4. S. c alios a, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 209 ; leaves oblong-ovate or -lanceolate
acuminate doubly inciso-serrate glaucous and pubescent or glabrate beneath,
cymes much branched pubescent, flowers hermaphrodite, bracteoles equalling
the calyx, ripe carpels exposed glabrate. Lindl. 8f Paxt. FL Gard. ii. 113,
fig. 191. S. callosa, var. e. robusta, Hook. f. fy Thorns. Herb. Lnd. Or. S. For-
tuni, Planch, in Flw. des Serres, ix. 871 ; Lindl. fy Paxt. Fl. Gard. ii. 113,
with a woodcut ; Bot. Mag. t. 5164.

Khasia Mts. at Kullung rock, and the Boga Panee, alt. 5-6000 ft., Simmons, J»
JD. H. $ T. T.— Distrib. N. China, Japan.

An erect or straggling shrub, with pubescent or tomentose or glabrate striate branches.
Leaves 1-4 in., glabrous and glaucous beneath, or more or less pubescent or tomentose,
those on young twigs sometimes rhomboid-ovate ; petiole very short. Flowers
\—% in. diam., in very open corymbose spreading cymes, pale or deep rose-red, Ca-
lyx-tube obconic ; lobes triangular-ovate, pubescent. Petals orbicular. Bisk-glands
prominent. Bipe carpels £ in., dark brown, glabrous, shining; styles nearly as long,
as the valves. — I have described this from Khasia specimens, which are usually to-
mentose on the under surface of the leaf, but some specimens are as glabrous as the
Japanese. It is remarkable that neither Jenkins, Wallich, nor Griffith had it from
the Khasia Mts.

5. S. bell a, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2426; leaves broadly oblong ovate or
ovate-lanceolate doubly inciso-serrate or crenate glaucous and glabrate or pu-
bescent beneath, cymes much branched pubescent, flowers subdicecious, bracteoles
equalling the calyx, ripe carpels exposed glabrate. Don Prodr. 227 ; Kunze
in Linneea, xx. 60. S. callosa and fastigiata, Wall. Cat. 707, 708. S. glauca
and stellata, Wall. MSS. S. expansa, Wall. Cat. 702.

Temperate Himalaya from] Sirmore alt. 7-10,000 ft,, to Sikkim and Bhotax, alt.
6-12,000 ft.

A very variable plant, unless, as is probable, two species may be confounded
under the above description, which however have not been distinguished by any bo-
tanist.— A shrub 2-6 ft. ; branches erect or inclined or horizontal. Leaves £-2 in.r
glaucous beneath and usually glabrate, but sometimes pubescent. The extreme form*
are those of S. bella proper {callosa, Wall, not Thunb.) in which they are broad ovate
or oblong obtusely toothed towards the apex only, and of fastigiata, Wall., in which
they are much larger ovate-lanceolate acuminate and inciso-serrate throughout ; the

Spircea.'] li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 325

latter is usually a more erect plant, with shorter stricter stouter stems, and closely
resembles 8. callosa, differing chiefly in the apparently more or less dioecious flowers.
S. bella proper, on the other hand, is more slender, often nearly prostrate, with arched
"branches ; there are however all manner of intermediate forms, and some specimens
have both types of leaf. Flowers pink, or rarely white. Calyx-lobes acute, tube
villous within. Stamens minute and deformed in the $ flowers, long in the $ .
Ovaries small or absent, those of the $ flowers with long styles, of the $ short.
Disk of broad incurved scales. Ripe carpels as in S. callosa.

6. S. micrantha, Hook.f. ; leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate doubly
inciso-serrate glaucous hairy beneath, cymes very broad lax and open, bracteoles
filiform often exceeding the calyx, flowers subdicecious, ripe carpels exposed
villous. S. callosa var. macrophyila, Hook. f. fy Thorns. Herb. Ind. Or.

Eastern temperate Himalaya; Sikkim alt. 6-8000 ft. J.B.H.; Bhotan, alt.
5800-10,000 ft., Griffith.

Very similar to the fastigiata form of 8. bella, but more lax in habit, leaves some-
times 7 in., very membranous or coriaceous. Flowers £-£ in. diam., in very long
spreading panicles, pale coloured. Bisk-glands large. Calyx-tube villous within.
Bracteoles filiform, often much produced. Bipe carpels much smaller than in <S. cal-
losa and bella, clothed densely with spreading hairs.

7. S. canescens, D071 Prodr. 227 ; softly tomentose, branches stout
arching, leaves small subsessile obovate or cuneate-obovate quite entire or ob-
tusely 3-5-toothed at the tip, corymbs small compound, flowers hermaphrodite,
ripe carpels half sunk in the calyx-tube villous. S. cuneifolia. Wall. Cat. 699 ;
Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1839, Misc. 59 ; Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 47, t. 57.

Temperate Himalaya from Kashmir to Kumaon alt. 6-12,000 ft., and in Sikkim
alt. 10-12,000 ft.

A shrub, 6 ft., with densely leafy branches. Leaves |-§ in., coriaceous, acute
or obtuse; nerves very oblique; petiole very short Corymbs very numerous,
1-lA in. diam. Flowers pale pink or white, £ in. diam. Stamens not exceeding the
petals. Bisk with broad notched glands. Ripe carpels sunk half or whole way in the
turbinate calyx-tube.

8. S. arcuata, Hook. f. ; glabrate, branches stout arched, leaves small
petioled obovate obtusely 3-8-toothed or -lobed at the rounded top rarely entire
and acute, corymbs small compound puberulous, flowers hermaphrodite, ripe
carpels wholly exserted glabrous shining. S. canescens, var. glabra, Herb. Ind.
Or.H.f.SfT.

Sikkim Himalaya, subalpine; Yemutong and Lachoong, alt. 12-14,000 ft.,
J. B. H. ; Jongri, C. B. Clarke.

A small woody ramous shrub, with very stout horizontal arching glabrous dark
brown shining deeply grooved branches, flowering branches very short. Leaves £ in.,
glabrous or nearly so, narrowed into a slender petiole. Corymbs dense-flowered.
Flowers § in. diam., red. Stamens not exceeding the petal. Bisk with broad notched
glands Ripe carpels not at all sunk in the turbinate very short calyx-tube. — Closely
allied to 8. canescens, but more robust and glabrate, with more petioled leaves, larger
red flowers and very different fruit.

9. S. vaccinifolia, Bon Prodr. 227', leaves small petioled ovate or
elliptic-lanceolate acute or obtuse serrate or crenate glaucous and hoary be-
neath, corymbs much branched tomentose, flowers hermaphrodite, ripe carpels
glabrous. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1839, Misc. 60; 1840, t. 17. S. laxiflora,
Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1839, Misc. 60 ; Lindl. <y Paxt. Fl. Gard. ii. 98, fig.
183. S. rhamnifolia, Wall. Cat. 700.

Western temperate Himalaya ; from Murree to Kumaon.

326 li. kosace^. (J. D. Hooker.) \_Spiroba.

t

An erect shrub, with strict hoary branches. Leaves j-1^ in., usually elliptic and

^icute at both ends, serratures or crenatures small ; nerves beneath faint ; petiole

£-£ in., slender. Corymbs dense-flowered ; flowers small, £ in. diam. Ripe carpels

minute, glabrous, half sunk in the villous calyx-tube.

10. S. parvifolia, Bert. Plant. Nuov. Asiat. ii. 10, t. 4, glabrous, leaves
broadly ovate or orbicular obtuse crenate glaucous beneath, petiole slender, corymbs
in lax spreading rounded glabrous panicles with very slender peduncles and pedicels,
flowers hermaphrodite, ripe carpels glabrous. T. chamaedrifolia, Hook.f. $ Thorns.
Herb. Ind. Ch'.,not of Linn. ? S. vaccinifolia, Lodd. Bot. Cab. 1. 1403, not of Dmu

Western temperate Himalaya; Kishtwar alt. 6-8000 ft., T. Thomson.

A graceful shrub, with slender branches, and drooping floriferous branchlets, gla-
brous throughout or with minutely downy inflorescence. Leaves f-1 in., very rarely
ovate acute and serrate, usually broadly elliptic, thin and almost membranous, flat ;
nerves very indistinct on both surfaces. Lnflorescence sometimes of many simple
corymbs with long capillary pedicels (sometimes h in.) collected into lax broad pani-
cles that terminate drooping lateral branches ; in other specimens the corymbs are
branched as in S. bella, &c. Flowers £ in. diam. Ripe carpels very small, ^ in., half
sunk in the calyx -tube, glabrous. — Very near V. chamadrifolia, L., of Siberia, and
perhaps a form of that plant with smaller flowers and laxer habit ; it is the only
Himalayan species with the ultimate branches of the inflorescence bearing corymbose
pedicels. Except that the leaves are acute, which is rarely the case in our plant, the
figure of S. vaccinifolia in Loddiges admirably accords with it. Loddiges says that
he raised it from seeds sent from Nepal.

11. S. brahuica, Boiss. Flor. Orient, ii. 690 ; a small excessively
branched shrub, leaves minute obovate-cuneate entire or 3-5-lobed or -toothed
tomentose, corymbs few-flowered, carpels minute.

Wuzuristan beyond Peshawur in N. W. India, alt. 5-8000 ft., Stewart. — Disteib^
Beloochistan. I

A very remarkable little species, forming a low shrub with slender stiff interlaced
sometimes spinescent branches. Leaves $-^ in., usually glabrous or puberulous above,
and white with dense pubescence beneath, but in some of Stock's Beluchistan speci-
mens nearly glabrous on both surfaces ; petiole very short. Flowers £ in. diam., in
shortly peduncled tomentose panicles.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

S. venustuxa, Kunthfr Bouch. Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol., 1848, 16, No.*27 ; Walp,
Ann. ii. 521 ; S. pulchella, Kunze in Linnsea, xx. 60 ; and S. nepalensis, Hort.
Loddiges, are no doubt forms of 8. bella.

S. nutans, Koyle (argentea, Loudon), is unknown.

S. oerulescens, Pair. Diet. vii. 350 ; Camb. Monog. in Ann. Sc. Nat. i. 374 ; DC.
Prodr. ii. 544, brought from India by Sonnerat, with axillary panicles, is unknown,
but as Sonnerat was never in any part of India where Spiraea is indigenous, his plant
is possibly the garden S. cantoniensis, Lour.

S. corymbosa, Roxb. Fl.IndiW. 512^ S. chamaedrifolia, L. ? Wall. Cat. 701, is
S. cantoniensis, Lour., a native of China only (see Benth. Fl. Hong Kong, 105) and
not of the N. of India.

8. RUB US, Linn.

Creeping herbs or erect or sarmentose shrubs, almost always prickly. Leaves
alternate, simple or compound ; stipules free *r adnate to the petiole. Floivers
in terminal and axillary corymbose panicles, rarely solitary, white or red.
Calyx-tube broad : lobes 5, persistent. Petals 5. Stamens many. Disk coating
the calyx-tube. Carpels many, on a convex receptacle ; style subterminal ; ovules
2, collateral, pendulous. I>rupes many, 1-seeded, crowded upon a dry or spongy

Buhus.] li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 327

conical or cylindric receptacle. Seed pendulous, — Distrib. Abundant in the
northern hemisphere, rare in the southern ; species 100.

' A genus of which the western European species are notoriously difficult of discri-
mination, as are some of the Himalayan.

Sv.utes 1. Leaves simple, undivided or loM.

" Herbs with creeping or prostrate stems

1. Xt. calycinus, Wall, in Don Prodr. 235; Cat. 737; eglandular, stem
and petioles hirsute and prickly, leaves orbicular-reniform obscurely lobed toothed
hairy above glabrous beneath except on the prickly nerves, flowers axillary, ca-
lyx densely prickly, lobes deeply toothed. K. lobatua. Wall. MSS. ]Jalibarda
calycina, DC. Prodr. ii. 568.

Central and Eastern temperate Himalaya; Nipal, Wallich: Sikkim alt. 6-9000
ft. Bhotan alt. 8500 ft. Khasia Mts. alt. 4-5000 ft.

Almost black when dry ; prickles slender, slightly curved on stem and petioles.
Stem creeping for 1-3 ft. Leaves 1-3 in. diam., sometimes hairy beneath ; petiole
2-4 in. ; stipules \-^ in., broadly ovate, serrate. Flowers 1 in. diam., solitary or twin,
usually on erect 1-2-leaved shoots. Calyx-tube densely clothed with long straight
prickles ; lobes foliaceous, broad. Petals shorter than the calyx-lobes, erect in fruit.
Fruit globose of few large scarlet fleshy carpels ; stone rugose. — Very near a Philip-
pine Island species which has stipules cut into narrow lobes and smaller flowers.

** Shrubs, erect sarmentose or climbing.

f Leaves oblong, entire (obscurely lobulated in R. assamensis) ; stipules pecti-
nate (except in R. acuminatus and Griffithii). Carpels few, 6-12.

2. It. acuminatus, Sm. in Pees Cyclop, xxx. Rubus 43 ; eglandular,
quite glabrous, prickles very few scattered curved, leaves ovate or lanceolate
caudate-acuminate doubly serrate, flowers small corymbose long pedicelled,
corymbs axillary and in elongated terminal panicles, bracts setaceous glandular,
calyx-lobes ovate glabrous with pubescent margins, carpels about 8. Wall.
Cat. 726. R. oxyphyllus, Wall. Cat. 7110. R. betulinus, Don Prodr. 233.
R. triflorus, Ham. MSS.

Central and Eastern temperate Himalaya from Kumaon, Blinkworth, and Nepal
to Sikkim-, alt. 4-7000 ft. Khasia Mts. alt. 4-5000 ft,

Scandent. Branches long, arching, cylindric ; prickles very small, flattened,
rarely on the petioles. Leaves 3-5 in., rather membranous ; base rounded ; nerves
6-8 pair ; petiole slender, £-§ in. ; stipules slender, almost setaceous, glandular. Pa-
nicles sometimes a foot long ; bracts small. Flowers ^ in. diam., in threes or fives ;
pedicels \-% in. Calyx-lobes with recurved or hooked sometimes dorsal tips, erect in
fruit. Petals much shorter than the calyx, white. Carpels glabrous. Fruit of large
globose scarlet drupes enclosed by the calyx, receptacle villous, stone rugose.

3. It. Griffithii, Hook. f. ; eglandular, branches and leaves glabrous,
prickles few scattered curved, leaves oblong-lanceolate caudate acuminate doubly
serrate, panicles axillary and terminal elongate, flowers sessile scattered or
crowded, bracts linear-oblong serrate, calyx hoary with appressed down.

Eastern Himalaya ; Sixxim, Herb. Griffith.

Very similar to R. acuminatus in foliage, but with very short petioles, a totally
different inflorescence, the flowers never in corymbs or fascicles, a densely tomentose
calyx, and linear serrated bracts. — I have seen but one specimen, which is in bud
only. Possibly the locality is erroneous, as Griffiths' collections were in great con-
fusion and it was often difficult to decipher the localities.

4. R. hexagrynus, Eo.vb. Hort. Beng. 39 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 516 ; eglandular,

328 li. rosace jb. (J. D. Hooker.) [Rubus.

pubescent tomentose or glabrate, prickles short stout recurved, leaves oblong
obtuse acute or acuminate serrate, stipules pectinate, panicles terminal, bracts
tomentose pectinate not exceeding the buds, calyx hoary with white down, pe-
tals small, carpels 6. Wight # Am. Prodr. 299 ; Wall. Cat. 725 in part ; R.
indicus, Lesch. in DC. Prodr. ii. 568. R. pyrifolius, Herb. Ind. Or. Hook.f. ty
T. in part, not of Smith ; Kurz For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 436.

Assam, Silhet and the Khasia Mts. ascending to 4500 ft. Katchyen hills,
Ava, Kurz. — Distbib. Yunan.

Climbing ; stem as thick as the arm ; prickles flattened. Leaves 1^-4 in., usually
cordate at the base, glabrous above, beneath pubescent or tomentose wholly or on the
nerves only, usually rugose when dry, not shining ; nerves 8-10 pair, spreading and
arched; midrib beneath prickly; petiole short, \ in., stout, tomentose ; stipules white
and hoary, with no lamina. Panicles large and spreading, densely white-tomentose ;
bracts £-+, in. Flowers §— £ in. diam. Calyx-lobes erect in fruit, villous within, entire,
rarely 3 -fid at the tip. Petals linear, white, shorter than the calyx. Carpels glabrous,
with very slender styles. Fruit of 1-6 large red-purple drupes ; receptacle villous ;
stone rugose. — This and the following have been usually confounded with the Java
R. pyrifolius which has shorter leaves with fewer and more oblique nerves.

5. R. Hamilton!, Hook.f. ; eglandular, glabrous or pubescent, prickles
short stout recurved, leaves oblong-ovate or -lanceolate acuminate serrate, sti-
pules pectinate, panicles terminal, bracts glabrous pectinately laciniate far
exceeding the buds, calyx with appressed hairs, tips of lobes long acuminate
usually laciniate, petals small, carpels 6. R. pyrifolius, Ham. in Herb. Wall, not
of Smith ; Wall. Cat. 725 in part.

Central and Eastern tropical Himalaya ; Bhotan alt. 5000 ft., Griffith ; Sikkim
lit. 2-3000 ft., J. P. H. Assam, Hamilton, Masters, &c.

Very similar toi?. hexagynus, but readily distinguishable by its brown colour when
dry, usually narrower and more acuminate leaves, less tomentose inflorescence, which
IB nearly black when dry, and by the very large pectinately laciniate curved bracts
which are membranous and curving over the young buds give a curiously crinite ap-
pearance to the immature panicles ; the sepals also have usually longer tips split into
setaceous lobes. Fruit as in R. hexagynus.

6. R. assamensis, Foeke Batogr. in Abhandl. Naturwiss. Verein, Bre-
men, iv. 197 (1874) ; eglandular, branches petioles and panicles villous with soft
spreading hairs, prickles very few short, leaves oblong or ovate-oblong very ob-
scurely lobed acuminate toothed hairy above hoary with whitish down beneath,
nerves 5-6 pairs, petioles very short, panicles triangular, flowers small, calyx-
lobes tomentose, carpels 10-12 glabrous. Rubus 20 Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. 8f T.

Mishmi hills, Griffith, and Khasia Mts. at Syong, alt. 5500 ft., H. f. $ T.

An erect whitish shrub ; prickles hooked. Leaves 3-4 in., acute or obtuse at the
base, rarely subcordate, nerves very oblique, margins sometimes without trace of
lobing ; petiole \ in. ; stipules woolly, small, pectinately pinnatifid. Panicles as broad
as long, shortly pyramidal; pedicels short; bracts small, cleft half way into setaceous
lobes. Flowers\ in. diam., white. Calyx-lobes ovate, long-acuminate, usually quite
entire, erect in fruit, inner surface glabrous with a broad tomentose margin. Petals
wholly absent in Khasia specimens. Carpels with a few long hairs and very long
styles. Fruit (in Mishmi specimens) globose, hardly exceeding the calyx ; drupes
few ; receptacle villous ; stone pitted.

tt Leaves lobed at the sides towards the base, normally longer than broad ; sti-
pules pectinate. Carpels many.

7. R. glomeratus, Blume Bijd 1111 ; eglandular, branches slender and
leaves beneath tomentose with white or buff down, prickles minute, leaves ovate-
cordate acuminate 3-5 lobed, the lateral lobes near the base of the leaf very

Rulu$.~\ li. bosace^e. (J. D. Hooker.) 329

shallow toothed, flowers in small axillary and terminal eglandular downy pani-
cles, calyx-lobes villous quite entire, petals obovate equalling the calyx, carpels
many. li. Hasskarlii, Miquel, Flor. Ind. Bat. i. pars, 381. R. acerifolius,
Wall. Cat. 744.

Penang, Wallich, Maingay. — Distrib. Java, Borneo, Philippines.

This resembles a slender narrow leaved small-flowered state of R. moluccanus,
but may at once be distinguished by the narrow leaves, lobed on each side towards
the base only. The flowers are small (£ in. diam.) usually in loose panicles, the sti-
pules and bracts laciniate. — I have seen in Mr. Clarke's collection a small specimen
very like this from the Khasia Mts., alt. 4500 ft., but it is so difficult to distinguish
imperfect specimens of this from the paniculatus and moluccanus, var. micropetalus,
that I hesitate to include the habitat of Khasia.

8. R. paniculatus, Smith in Rees Cyclop, xxx. Rubus 41 ; eglandular,
branches slender, leaves beneath and panicles clothed with white or buff cottony
tomentum, prickles very few minute, leaves ovate-cordate or oblong-ovate cau-
date-acuminate obscurely lobed toothed, nerves 5-7 pair, panicles terminal very
lax and much branched, bracts linear-oblong serrate, calyx-lobes silky usually
entire, petals very small linear-oblong, carpels many glabrous. Wall. Cat. 749.
ft. tiliaceus, Sm. 1. c. ; Wall. Cat. 745.

Temperate Himalaya from Rajaori, alt. 3-7000 ft. to Sikkim, alt. 6-8000 ft.
Khasia Mts. alt. 4-5000 ft.

A very rambling climber ; all parts except the leaves above densely pubescent or
tomentose, with usually cottony white or buff tomentum ; prickles hooked, flattened,
Leaves 3-5 in., rarely as broad as long, rather membranous, sparsely hairy above,
lateral lobes usually very obscure ; midrib without prickles ; petiole 1-2 in., slender,
rarely with a prickle ; stipules small, laciniate. Panicles very large and open ; bracts
small. Flowers f-1 in. diam., often long pedicelled. Calyx-lobes ovate, acute acu-
minate or lanceolate and caudate-acuminate, when they are often incised towards the
tip, erect in fruit. Petals much smaller than the calyx-lobes, white. Carpels gla-
brous. Fruit globose, exposed ; drupes many, large, black ; receptacle villous ;
stone rugose.

9. R. insignis. Hook. f. ; eglandular, clothed with buff cottony tomen-
tum, prickles numerous short, leaves hastate-oblong acuminate toothed lobulate
towards the base, nerves 12-15 pair, -panicles very long lax open prickly, petals
broadly obovate equalling the silky entire calyx-lobes, carpels numerous glabrous.

Eastern tropical Himalaya ; Bhotan, Griffith. Khasia Mts. alt. 2-3000 ft.,
J. B. H. # T. T. ; C. B. Clarke.

A very noble species, with the habit of R. paniculatus, but much larger in all but
the flowers, and at once distinguished by its prickles, which extend along the petiole
and midrib of the leaf beneath, by the numerous nerves, and large almost orbicular
petals. Bhotan specimens have the flowers crowded at the end of the long branches of
the panicle, whilst in the Khasia ones the branches are open and exceedingly lax to
the end. Fruit as in R. paniculatus.

10. R. ferox, Wall. Cat. 724, eglandular, tomentose, prickles on the
stem numerous short stout, leaves cordate sharply toothed upper ovate-lanceo-
late entire lower more orbicular shortly 5-7-lobed glabrous above pubescent or
glabrate beneath, panicles lax-flowered, margins of calyx-lobes pectinate, petals
broad, carpels about 8. Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 437.

Central Himalaya; Nepal, Wallich. Khasia Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft., Griffith, &c.
Burma, probably Ava, Kurz.

Very robust ; stem and especially inflorescence and petioles densely tomentose ;
prickles hooked, compressed. Leaves not white or buff beneath ; lower 3-5 in. long
and broad; lobes deltoid, acute; nerves palmately spreading; petiole 1-2 in., densely

330 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Rubus,

tomentose, often prickly ; stipules and bracts pectinately pinnatifid. Flowers £-f
in. diam. Calyx-lobes broadly ovate, acute, with 2-5 long marginal teeth, densely
tomentose, almost villous, erect in fruit. Petals as long as the calyx, white. Fila-
ments hairy. Carpels numerous, glabrous. Fruit of 20-30 small drupes, stone wavy
on the surface.

A specimen from Birma ? in Griffith's Herb, is more glabrous with more slender
petioles. R. Finlaysonianus, Wall. Cat. 7109, from Siam, known only from a frag-
ment in bud, differs in the apparently entire calyx-lobes clothed with buff tomentum.

fft Leaves normally broader than long, palmately 5-7-lobed; stipules pin-
natifid or pectinate. Carpels many.

11. R. moluccanus, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 566 ; eglandular, tomentose
villous or sublanate, prickles scattered short curved, leaves long-petioled usually
deeply cordate broad ovate or orbicular obtusely or acutely 3-7-lobed toothed
smooth scabrid or rugose above, beneath clothed with grey or yellow wool or
pubescence, panicles axillary and terminal, calyx villous and silky, lobes lan-
ceolate or ovate acute entire or with pectinate margins, carpels very manv. —
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 518 ; Mia. Fl. Ind. Ind. Bat. i. part 1, 382 ; Wall. Cat. 743 ;
Kurz For. Flo?: Brit. Burin, i. 437. R. rugosus, Smith in Bees Cyc. xxx.
Rubus 34 ; Don Prodr. 234 ; Wight et Am. Prodr. 299 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb.
Flor. 89 ; Thwaites Enum. 101 ; Wight. Ic. t. 225 ; Wall. Cat. 748 ; Plant. As.
Bar. iii. 19, t. 234 (Hamiltonianus). R. alceaefolius, Pair. Encycl. vi. 247. R.
micropetalus, macrocarpus, and Fairhohmanus, Gardner in Calc. Journ. Nat.
Hist. viii. 6. R. cordifolius, Don Prodr. 233. R. reflexus, Ker in Bot. Reg. 461 ;
Benth. Hong-Kong Flor. 104. R. Hamiltonianus. Seringe in DC. Prodr. ii.
566. — Rumph. Amboin. v. 88, t. 47, f. 2.

Central and Eastern tropical and temperate Himalaya. «Nepal, Wallich. Sikkim,
alt. 3-7000 ft. Assam; Khasia Mts., alt. 3-5000 ft. Burma. Eastern Peninsula.
Western Peninsula or the Ghats from Bombay Southward. Ceylon ascending to
7000 ft. — Distrib. Malay Archipelago and Islands.

Stem very robust, with wide spreading subscandent branches, densely clothed
with white grey or fulvous tomentum ; prickles hooked, flattened. Leaves 2-10 in.
diam., most variable in texture and pubescence ; upper surface smooth or covered
with tubercles answering to the spaces between the nervules ; under pubescent vil-
lous or clothed with cottony wool, grey or green or buff-coloured, never quite white ;
petiole 2-4 in., glabrate or tomentose ; stipules variable in size, oblong, toothed
pinnatifid laciniate or pectinate. Inflorescence usually clothed with silky buff to-
mentum, rarely white or glabrate. Flowers very variable in size, from |-1 in., in
rather contracted terminal panicles and axillary capitate clusters ; bracts like the
stipules, never bearing gland-tipped hairs. Calyx-lobes A-| in. long, usually tri
angular-ovate, rarely lanceolate, and then pinnatifid in the upper part, erect in fruit.
Petals obovate, white, shorter than the calyx -lobes. Filaments glabrous. Carpels
numerous, glabrous. Fruit globose, succulent, of many scarlet small drupes; re-
ceptacle villous ; stone rugose.

I am quite -unable to arrange the form of this common and protean plant under
recognisable varieties answering to its synonymy. The original R. moluccanus,
founded on the plate and description of Rumphius, has leaves with a rugose upper
surface (folia superne quam maxinie rugosa) and a whitish or ochreous under surface.
I have it from Assam, the Khasia Mts., Penang and Java ; and with the lobes rathor
acute from Nepal and almost all localities, where it becomes R. rugosus, Sm., de-
scribed as such by Wallich (Plant As. Rar.), and figured under its synonym
R. Hamiltonianus. Specimens with acuminate leaf-lobes occur at considerable
elevations in the Himalaya and Khasia Mts., where the leaves also become more
membranous and very large with pale undersurface ; at similar elevations and
localities large leaved states occur with very large flowers, and lanceolate sepals
$ in. long. The branches and inflorescence of Malacca specimens are most densely

Hubus.] li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 331

villous with spreading hairs and the basal leaf-lobes overlap. The Western Ghat
specimens have the leaves rugose above and thin, and the branches and inflorescence
densely clothed with firm buff cottony tomentum. This is also the case with the
Ceylon specimens, of which Thwaites distinguishes 4 varieties :— o. bracts ovate
entire or cut at the tip, fruit small red (Wight. Ic. t. 225) ; /8. leaves smaller
narrower more acute, stipules and bracts cut into filiform segments, petals small,
fruit dark red (i?. micropetalus, Gard.) ; (I should refer this to glomeraius, Bl.) ;
y. tomentose, pale, leaves very rugose and coriaceous, stipules and bracts less deeply
cut, panicle dense, calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate toothed, fruit dark red {R. Fair-
holmianus, Gard.) ; 8. prickles short, stipules and bracts less cut, panicles few-flowered,
flowers larger, petals about equalling the calyx, fruit larger black {R. macrocarpus,
Gard.) ; of these o. only inhabits low grounds.

12. R. reticulatus, Wall. Cat. 747 ; eglandular, pubescent with white
tomentum, prickles few minute or 0, leaves cordate-orbicular subacutely 5-7-
lobed reticulated on both surfaces finely downy beneath, panicles entire or
laciniate ovate acute, calyx-lobes densely tomentose, fruit globose much larger
than the calyx.

Temperate Himalaya ; from Kumaon, alt. 7-8000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 9-10,000 ft.

This I expect will prove another form of R. moluccanus from a higher region,
the leaves of the Kumaon and Sikkim specimens are large broad and rather thin in
texture ; Wallich's Nepal ones are more coriaceous, narrower and elongate with many
lateral lobes, more like those of R. paniculatus, to which Wallich says it is ' valde
affinis.' Sikkim specimens have the cut calyx-lobes. The fruit is very large.

13. XI. Ian at us, Wall. Cat. 746 ; glandular, branches and leaves be-
neath white cottony, leaves cordate orbicular-ovate acute obscurely lobed serrate
glabrous or hairy above, panicles short dense densely villous and covered with
gland-tipped hairs, petals small narrowly linear-oblong, carpels numerous.
II. tiliaceus, Herb. Str. & Winterb.

Central and Western temperate Himalayas. Nepal, Wallich. Ktjmaon, alt.
5-8000 ft., Madden, Strach. and Winterb.

The very broadly ovate cordate obscurely lobed leaves, white cottony tomentum,
and above all the long glandular hairs of the young shoots and inflorescence best
distinguish this species, which has the other characters of R. moluccanus. It may
be likened to a dense-flowered glandular B. paniculatus, with broader leaves.

14. It. birmanicus, Hook./.-, eglandular, branches petioles and leaves
densely clothed with long spreading flexuous hairs, prickles very copious
hooked, leaves acutely palmately 5-lobed crenate rugose above white with
appressed down beneath, stipules and bracts cut into long capillary lobes,
flowers large, calyx-lobes broad, petals orbicular, carpels excessively numerous.

Birma ; in the Patkaye hills, E. of the Assam frontier, Griffith.

Branches flexuous, hairs red brown when dry ; prickles stout recurved flattened
extending to petioles and nerves beneath, but not to the panicle, compressed. Leaves
3-4 in. diam., rather coriaceous, lobes extending nearly half way down, triangular,
dark above when dry with pubescent nerves, dirty brownish white beneath ; petiole
1^ in., stout ; stipules ^ in., as broad as long across the almost capillary divisions.
Panicle (in bud only) narrow with short branches, and bracts^ as large as the stipules ;
buds very broadly ovoid, densely tomentose but not hairy like the peduncles and
pedicels. Calyx-tube hemispheric, lobes broad subacute, entire. Petals equalling
the calyx-lobes, clawed. Stamens excessively numerous, in many series. Carpels
upwards of 100, glabrous, styles very slender with a few hairs on the stigma ;
receptacle villous. — A very remarkable species.

15. It. Treutleri, Hook. f. ; more or less glandular, softly tomentose
with spreading flexuous hair3, prickles slender nearly straight, leaves orbicular-

332 li. eosaceje. (J. D. Hooker.) [Rnbus.

cordate with 5-7 shallow crenate lobes, stipules leafy pectinate, flowers large
solitary clustered or in short panicles, bracts leafy persistent, petals orbicular
small, carpels very numerous hairy. — Rubus No. 24, Hook.f. $• Thorns. Herb.
Ind, Or.

Eastern temperate Himalaya; Sikkim, alt. 7-10,000 ft., Dr. Treutler.

A large leafy erect bush, with often glandular bristles mixed with the soft
flexuous hairs that cover all parts more or less ; prickles passing into bristles, some-
times slightly decurved. Leaves 2-6 in. diam., membranous, green, with scattered
hairs above ; lobes shallow, rounded or acute, crenatures acute ; petiole short or long
and slender, sometimes 3 in. ; stipules ^ in., almost orbicular in outline, concave,
green. Flowers f-1 in. diam., shortly pedicelled; bracts sometimes reduced to
narrow segments. Calyx-tube hemispheric, villous and often bristly ; lobes large, often
leafy and laciniate, or pectinately pinnatifid. Petals nearly orbicular, much smaller
than the calyx, white or pink. Stamens very numerous. Carpels about 100. style
very slender, stigma hairy. — This and B. birmanicus belong to the group with B.
Hookeri, all having very numerous carpels and dry fruits.

Series II. Leaves digitately or pedately 3-5-foliolate.

• Leaves glabrous or nearly so beneath.

16. XI. frag arioides, Bertoloni Miscell. xxii. 16, t. 5 ; herbaceous, un-
armed, stem petioles and peduncles faintly pubescent, leaflets 3 or 5 obovate or
orbicular with a cuneate base lobulate quite glabrous, lobules with acute sinus
and coarse teeth, calyx-tube glabrous, lobes ovate-lanceolate quite entire.

Eastern Temperate Himalaya in swamps; Sikkim, alt. 10-13,000 ft., J. D. H.,
C. B. Clarice.

A very small species ; stem chiefly subterranean, slender, woody, sending up very
short floriferous branches bearing one or two pedately 3-5-foliolate leaves. Leaflets
membranous, contracted into the 1-3 in. very slender petiole ; stipules \ in.,
broadly ovate, obtuse, toothed or quite entire. Flowers f in. diam., white, peduncle
£-1 in. slender. Calyx-tube glabrous ; lobes acuminate, tips slender. Petals obovate,
acute. Carpels about 5, not seen ripe. — Very near to B. triflorus, Richards. &.
japonica of Japan ; see Maximovicz Diagnoses, Dec. x. 375.

17. R. alpestris, Blume, Bijd. 1108 ; erect, nearly glabrous, calyx and
stipules eglandular, prickles small scattered, leaflets 3-5 elliptic narrowed at
both ends acutely crenate-serrate, stipules linear-lanceolate, flowers 1-3 ter-
minal on slender peduncles, calyx prickly, lobes caudate, carpels many glabrous.
Miguel, Fl. Lnd. Bat.i. part 1, 378. R. pentagonus, Wall. Cat. 731.

Temperate Himalayas ; from Garwhal, alt. 7-8000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 8-10,000
ft. — Distrib. Java.

A straggling shrub, with the young parts pubescent ; stem stout, cylindric ;
prickles few, short, slightly curved. Leaflets 2-4 in., membranous, subsessile ; ter-
minal the largest, lateral often oblique ; nerves 7-10 pair, slender, arched, sometimes
faintly pubescent beneath ; petiole 1-2 in., sometimes pubescent, usually armed ;
stipules small, membranous, usually glandular. Flowers f-1 in. diam., usually soli-
tary, rarely 3-nate ; peduncles armed or not, more or less pubescent and glandular.
Calyx armed, rarely unarmed, densely pubescent or glabrate ; lobes often \ in.
pubescent in the outer margins and within, suberect in fruit. Petals white, orbicular,
shorter than the calyx. Stamens 1 -seriate. Fruit globose; drupes 12-15, large,
glabrous, stone rugose.

18. It. Thomson!, Focke Batogr. in Abhandl. Naturwiss. Verein,
Bremen iv. 198 ; prostrate, slender, eglandular, prickles few very small, leaflets
3 broad-ovate acuminate two lateral much the smallest crenate or serrate very

Rulus.] li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 333

membranous, stipules filiform, flowers axillary solitary or in very short racemes
or panicles, calyx unarmed, lobes acute or caudate, carpels many pubescent.

Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 8-11,000 ft., J, D. H., &c.

A slender trailing species, nearly glabrous or with pubescent branches petioles
peduncles and nerves of the leaflets beneath, rarely above. Leaflets very mem-
branous, terminal 2 in., often rhomboid-ovate, contracted at the base ; lateral usually
not half the size, petiolate ; petiole slender, 1-2 in., with few prickles ; stipules entire
or divided. Flowers \-% in. diam., peduncles and pedicels short. Calyx-tube nearly
glabrous ; lobes pubescent, sometimes produced and leafy, suberect in fruit. Petals
small, orbicular, red. Fruit globose ; drupes many, pale red, pubescent ; stone
minutely pitted.

** Leaves silky beneath.

10. R. lineatus, Reimv. in Blume Bijcl. 1108; eglandular, prickles 0
or few small scattered, leaflets 3 or 5 elliptic oblong or lanceolate cilia te-seri ate
caudate-acuminate, beneath with many straight nerves and dense silky silvery
tomentmn, calvx-lobes ovate acuminate silky. Miquel Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. part i.
378. R. pulcherrimus, Hook. Ic. PL t. 729-730.— Rubus 9p.f Clarke in Journ,
Linn. Soc. xv. 141. <

Sikkim Himalaya*, alt. 6-9,000 ft. — Distrib. Java.

A strong suberect herb ; branches softly pubescent, young silky ; prickles when
present straight. Leaflets 3 or 5, 4-5 by |-2£ in., subsessile, coriaceous, acuminate or
cuneate at the base, often doubly-serrate, upper surface glabrous ribbed, under
shining with 20-30 straight nerves on each side, one to every tooth; petiole 1^2 in.,
pubescent ; stipules |-^ in., membranous, ovate-oblong, obtuse, entire, glabrate.
Flowers in axillary short heads and terminal elongate silvery panicles, §-1 in. diam. ;
bracts large, concave, orbicular, membranous. Petals obovate, shorter than the calyx,
white. Drupes numerous, small, red, stone rugose. — Very variable in the size of the
flowers and breadth of the leaflets.

Var. 1. angustifolia ; smaller, leaflets much narrower.

Var. 2. glabrior ; leaflets silky beneath on the nerves only. Mishmi, Griffith.

20. R. Anderson!, Hook.f. ; glandular, unarmed, young shoots petioles
and inflorescence hispid with spreading gland-tipped hairs, leaflets 3 or 5
elliptic or elliptic-oblong caudate-acuminate ciliate-serrate, beneath with many
straight nerves and dense silvery silky tomentum, calyx-lobes triangular-lan-
ceolate caudate. Rubus Sp., Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 141.

Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 7-8000 ft., J. D. H., Anderson.

Very similar in foliage to broad-leaved states of R. lineatus, but at once dis-
tinguished by the almost setose purple gland-tipped spreading hairs, the long
caudate-acuminate calyx- lobes which are also setose, and flowers in terminal broad
panicles with long pedicels. It is a very rare plant ; I gathered it near Darjeeling, as
did Mr. C. B. Clarke, and on Sinchul. Dr. Anderson's specimens are stated to be-
from Punkabarri in a hot region, but I suspect some error.

Series HI. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate.
* Stems slender creeping or prostrate.

21. R. saxatilis, Linn. ; Boiss. Flor. Orient, ii. 691 ; eglandular,
glabrous or slightly pubescent, prickles few slender straight, leaflets 3 rhombic-
ovate somewhat lobed acutely doubly-toothed, calyx unarmed, lobes ovate-
lanceolate acute longer than the narrow petals, carpels few glabrous.

Western temperate Himalayas in the Tibetan region from Kashmir to Kumaon,
alt. 10-11,000 ft. Western Tibet, Dras, alt. 10,000 ft.— Distrib. Caucasus and
westward to the Atlantic, Siberia, Dahuria.

334 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Ruhts.

Stems annual from a stout woody rhizome, short, erect. Leaflets 2-3 in., mem-
branous, the lateral subsessile with cuneate bases and often a lobed outer margin ;
petiole very slender, 3-5 in. ; stipules linear or linear-oblong. Flowers $ in. diam.,
1-4, shortly pedicelled on the top of a slender axillary peduncle. Calyx-tube short,
glabrous, unarmed ; lobes lanceolate, erect in fruit. Petals white, small, slender.
Fruit with few large scarlet drupes ; stone reticulated.

22. XI. nutans, Wall. Cat. 738; eglandular, unarmed, stern petioles
peduncles and calyx-tube clothed with flexuous hairs or bristles, leaflets 3
orbicular or subrhoinboidal obscurely lobed acutely doubly toothed, calyx-lobes
large caudate-acuminate pinnatifid towards the tips, shorter than the obovate
petals, carpels few glabrous. Hook. Bat. Mag. t. 523 ; Edg worth in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xx. 45.

Temperate Himalayas, from Garwhal and Kumaon, alt. 8-10,000 ft.

Stems as thick as a sparrow quill, 1-2 ft. long from a woody rootstock ; hairs
rather stiff, red-brown when dry. Leaflets H-3 in. long and broad, membranous,
glabrous and dark-green above, hairy along the nerves beneath, base cuneate,
lateral shortly petiohilate ; petiole 2-4 in. ; stipules large, broadly ovate or oblong,
entire or toothed. Flowers usually solitary, axillary, l£ in. diam.; peduncle stout.
Calyx-tube villous, lobes J-i in. Fruit of few scarlet drupes ; stone smooth.

Var. nepalensis ; more slender, smaller in all its parts, leaflets $-1$ in., flowers
.V-f in. diam., calyx lobes acuminate, not quite entire. — East Nepal, Tambur River,
alt. 9000 ft,, J. D. H:

23. R. Fockeanus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1875, ii. 206 ; eglan-
dular, unarmed, stem petioles and peduncles pubescent, leaflets orbicular finely
toothed, nearly glabrous on both surfaces, flowers solitary, calyx-tube glabrous
or sparsely setose, lobes ovate-lanceolate quite entire.

Eastern temperate Himalaya ; Sikktm on the Lachoong River and Phullalong
and Singalelah, alt. 10-14,000 ft. J.J). K, C. B. Clarke.

Stems wholly procumbent, widely creeping, slender, very sparingly pubescent.
Leaflets f-1 in. diam., not shining above, and with very few hairs on the nerves be-
neath, lateral petiohilate ; petiole 1 in. ; stipules \ in., oblong, obtuse, toothed or
quite entire. Flowers on very short lateral shoots; peduncle exceeding the petiole.
Calyx \ in. across the lobes, tube almost glabrous, lobes acuminate. Petals not seen.
Fruit a few red drupes ; stone quite smooth. — The small size, absence of long hairs,
opaque foliage and smooth stone of the drupes distinguish this at once from R.
nutans.

24. R. Hookeri, Foeke Batogr. in Abhandl. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen,
iv. 197 (1874) ; stem petioles and inflorescence pubescent with copious soft
hairs and glandular bristles, prickles few straight, leaflets 3 large rhomboid-
ovate or -orbicular caudate-acuminate lobulate and toothed, stipules pectinate,
flowers large solitary and in few-flowered axillary panicles, calyx hispid, lobes with
filiform points, carpels very numerous. R. macrocarpus, Kurz MSS., Clarke in
Journ. IAnn. Soc. xv. 141.

Eastern temperate Himalaya ; Sikkim, alt. 7-9000 ft.

A low shrub, almost hispid with gland-tipped hairs, prickles slender. Leaflets
petiolulate, often subequal, 2-5 in., bright green, bases acute or rounded, upper surface
glabrous with pubescent nerves, under also glabrous with hairy nerves ; petiole
2-3 in. ; stipules orbicular or broadly oblong, foliaceous, recurved, villous. Flowers
l£-2 in. diam., with often persistent foliaceous pectinate bracts. Calyx pubescent,
bristly, lobes 1 in., triangular-ovate, often laciniate, spreading in fruit. Petals much
smaller than the calyx, orbicular, greenish-white. Stamens very numerous. Carpels
in a dense cluster of 2-300 or more, and base of long filiform conniving styles, vil-

Bubus.'] li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 335

lous. Fruit globose, f in. diam. ; outer carpels dry, glabrous below villous above,
imbricating over the inner succulent carpels ; endocarp pitted ; receptacle broad, he-
mispherical, velvety, intruded at the base.

** Stems erect sarmentose or climbing.

25. R. niveus, Wall. Cat. 734; eglandular, bristles 0, branches and
petioles glabrous or tomentose, prickles recurved, leaflets 3 (rarely 5 ) coarsely
or finely double-toothed lateral obliquely ovate acuminate terminal elliptic ovate
or rounded lobulate or lobed, glabrous above, usually white with dense pubes-
cence beneath, stipules filiform, flowers in lateral and terminal few-flowered
tomentose corymbs, calyx-lobes acuminate or caudate, petals small obovate pink,
carpels many villous. R. gracilis, Roxb. Cat. Hort. JBeng. 39 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 519.

Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Bhotan, at elevation of 6-10,000 ft. in
the west and 5-11,500 ft. in the east.

A large rambling bush, without bristles or gland-tipped hairs ; very variable in
all its parts. Stem stout and branches often purple, young often quite glabrous and
glaucous or thickly or thinly tomentose ; prickles short, scattered, pale. Leaflets
1-5 in., entire or lobulate, toothed or crenate, acute acuminate or caudate, terminal
sometimes cordate, usually membranous and glabrous, above sometimes (R. concolor)
green and glabrous beneath also ; petiole slender, 1-2 in., with usually 1-2 prickles.
Flowers \-\ in. diam., usually on slender unarmed pedicels, lower axillary often soli-
tary, upper corymbosely arranged on a long peduncle, nodding ; bracts filiform. Calyx-
tube short, flat ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, 5— £ in., tomentose on both
surfaces, spreading or reflexed in fruit. Petals much smaller than the calyx-lobes.
Stamens very numerous. Fruit globose, large or small, of few or many dry or fleshy
drupes ; stone pitted. — Closely allied to R. lasiocarpus. I find it impossible to
arrange satisfactorily the forms of this most puzzling plant; the following are
noticeable.

Var. niveus proper ( Wall. Cat. 734), softly pubescent, leaflets 2-3 in. membranous
ovate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate lobulate and very acutely deeply toothed, corymbs
of 10-12 shorly pedicelled flowers £ in. diam. — Nepal and all along the Himalaya.

Var. pedunculosus ; more robust, leaflets 3-5 in. broader bases more rounded,
flowers solitary or in pairs on slender pedicels § in. diam., R. pedunculosus, Don
Prodr. 234 ; Wall. Cat. 729.— Nepal, Sikkim.

Var. racemosus ; softly tomentose, flowers in short terminal racemes shortly pedi-
celled suberect. Kashmir, Jacquemont, Falconer. Murree, Fleming (" fruit large yellow
brown "). Kashmir, Clarke (fruit bright red) who also has a densely cottony subvar.
with abbreviated racemes (Kashmir, 8000 ft.). This resembles what a hybrid with
corylifolius might be,

Var. hypargyrus ; leaflets £-1 in., sometimes 5, doubly serrately-toothed membra-
nous hoary beneath all over or on the nerves only, or quite glabrous. R. hypargyrus,
Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 45. R. concolor, Royle MSS. Approaches R. lasio-
carpus.

Var. Aitchisoni ; slender, finely tomentose, leaflets broad membranous with very
large crenatures, fruit f in. diam. of very numerous orange fleshy almost glabrous
drupes. Kashmir common at 7000 ft., Aitchison " fruit eatable."

Var. microcarpa; branches and petiole (6 in.) nearly glabrous, leaflets 4-6 in.
broad membranous lobulate and crenate, flowers £ in., fruit very small of 30-40 quite
glabrous dry drupes. — Sikkim, Lachen, alt. 9000 ft., J. D. H.

Var. concolor ; leaflets as variable as any of above forms, usually membranous
glabrous or nearly so beneath acutely inciso-serrate or toothed or coarsely crenate,
flowers corymbose, sepals £-1 in. R. concolor, Wall. Cat. 733. — From Kashmir to
Kumaon. This passes into var. hypargyrus.

Var. Falconeri ; similar to var. concolor but carpels quite glabrous ! — N. "W. India,
Falconer. On the Kishengunga west from Kashmir, Stewart. — This connects R. niveus
with R. ccesius, L.

According to priority, Roxburgh's name of S. gracilis should be retained for this

336 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Rubus.

plant, but I am disinclined to replace so excellent, well known and suggestive a one
as ntieus for another that is in no way distinctive of the species.

26. XI. macilentus, Camb. inJacquem. Toy. 2?o£. 49, t. 60; nearly glabrous,
eglandular, prickles stout flattened straight or hooked, leaflets 3 ovate or ovate-
lanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate doubly-crenate-toothed, stipules setaceous,
peduncles axillary and subterminal 1-3-flowered, carpels many glabrous. R.
uncatus, Wall. Cat. 750. R. asper, Hb. Royle.

Temperate Himalaya ; from Hazara, alt. 4-6000 ft., Stewart, and Kishtwar, alt.
5-9000 ft. to Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 6-9000 ft.

Stems trailing, stout, red-brown, obtusely angled, shining ; prickles much flat-
tened, £-£ in. Leaflets ^-2 in., rigidly coriaceous, brown when dry, glabrous on both
surfaces, terminal usually ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate, lateral sessile, smaller,
sometimes orbicular ; midrib beneath with hooked prickles ; petiole stiff, sometimes
pubescent along the grooved upper surface. Flowers j$ in. diam. ; peduncles J-f in.,
pubescent, rarely 2-3-flowered. Calyx silky outside, tomentose within ; lobes cau-
date, erect in fruit. Petals orbicular-obovate, clawed, exceeding the sepals, white.
Fruit globose, enclosed in the calyx ; drupes 20-30, yellow or red, glabrous, seated on
a columnar pubescent receptacle ; stone rugged.

27. R . sikkimensis, Hook. f. ; glandular-hairy and covered with longr
straight prickles, leaflets 3 ovate acuminate lobulate and coarsely crenate glan-
dular above nearly glabrous beneath, stipules linear, peduncles axillary 1-2-
flowered, calyx glandular and hispid, lobes caudate, carpels numerous glabrous.

Subalpine Sikkim Himalaya; Lachen, alt. 12-13,000 ft., J. D. H.

A small shrub, dark brown when dry ; stems stout ; gland-tipped hairs long
spreading, half as long as the quite-straight shining prickles. Leaflets 1-2 in., ter-
minal, sometimes deltoid-ovate, base rounded or subcordate, lateral subsessile, smaller,
narrower ; petiole 1-3 in., very slender, pubescent ; stipules \ in. Peduncles \-\ in.,
pubescent glandular and bristly as is the calyx. Flowers f in. diam., inclined. Ca-
lyx-lobes lanceolate, pubescent on both surfaces. Petals red-purple. — This in many
respects resembles R. pungens, Camb., and R. horridulus, H. f.

28. It. ellipticus, Smith in Rees Cyclop, xxx, Rubus 16 ; shaggy with
spreading flexuous hairs, prickles scattered stout hooked, leaflets 3 orbicular obo-
vate or elliptic obtuse or abruptly acute toothed pale and pubescent beneath,
panicles axillary and terminal dense-flowered, calyx-lobes mucronate or acumi-
nate, carnels silky. DC. Prodr. ii. 563 ; Wall. Cat. 740 in part. R. rotundi-
folius, Wall. Cat. 730. R. Gowry-pkul, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 39. R. Gowreephul,
Roxb. Fl. Ind, ii. 517; W. $ A. Prodr. 298 ; Wight Ic. t. 230. R. flavus,
Ham. in Don, Prodr. 234; Brand. For. Flor. 197 ; Kwz, For. Flor. Brit. Burm.
i. 438. R. sessilifolius, Miq. PI. Ind. Or. Hohenack, 438«, 1153. ? R. paniculatus,.
Moon. Cat. Ceyl. PI.

Temperate and subtropical Himalaya, from Sirmtjr, alt. 2-7000 ft. to Sikkim, alt.
4-7000 ft. and Bhotan. Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft. Birma. Western Grhats from
Canara southwards. Ceylon, central province, alt. 4-7000 ft. — Distrib. Yunan.

A tall suberect bush ; branches stout, spreading and recurved, obscurely angled ;
hairs red-brown, often very dense, covering a softer down with occasional glandular
hairs ; prickles stout, hardly compressed. Leaflets 2-4 in., coriaceous, dark green
above, rarely glabrous beneath ; petiole 1-3 in. ; stipules subulate. Panicles small,
many-flowered, pedicels short ; bracts setaceous. Flowers ^-£ in. diam. Calyx
densely pubescent and bristly or not ; lobes ovate, acute acuminate or obtuse and mu-
cronate, erect in fruit. Petals obovate, larger than the calyx, white. Stamens
1 -seriate. Fruit globose, exposed; drupes on a cylindric hairy receptacle, many,
golden yellow, succulent ; stone rugose.

Var. hirta ; leaflets green beneath. R. hirtus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 38 ; Fl. Ind. ii.

Bubu8.~\ li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 337

518 ; E. Wallichianus, Wt. $ Am. Prodr. 298 ; Date. $ Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 89 ; R ellip-
ticus. in part Wall. Cat. 740 ; R. affinis, Madden MSS. — Himalaya and Western Ghats.
Var. denudata ; shaggy hairs absent or very rare. R. rotundifolius, Wall. Cat.
730 in part. — Kumaon, Bhotan.

29. R. fruticosus, Linn. ; DC Prodr. ii. 560 ; var. discolor ; eglandu-
lar, branches robust and leaves beneath hoary with white stellate tomentum,
prickles short scattered hooked, leaflets orbicular obovate or elliptic obtuse or
acute, stipules setaceous, flowers in dense thyrsoid terminal panicles, calyx-lobes
short acute reflexed in fruit, carpels quite glabrous. R. discolor, Weihq 8f Nees ;
Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 695.

Western temperate Himalaya, alt. 3-7000 ft. from Murree to Jamtj. — Distrib.
Afghanistan and westward to the Atlantic.

Stems arched, obtusely angled, channelled ; prickles stout. Leaflets sometimes 5
at the base of the stem, 1-2 in., coriaceous, sometimes abruptly acuminate ; petiole
I-— 1 in., flattened above; stipules subulate, velvety. Panicles 6-10 in.; branches
short, very stout, densely tomentose ; pedicels stout, short ; bracts often toothed or laci-
niate. Flowers §-f in. diam. Calyx-tube short, lobes woolly on both surfaces, sharply
reflexed in fruit. Petals obovate. pink. Stamens very numerous, in many series.
Fruit small, globose ; drupes many, fleshy, black ; receptacle deciduous ; stone
pitted.

30. XI. Clarkei, Hook. f. ; herbaceous ?, eglandular, branches petioles and
peduncles very slender faintly pubescent and with copious slender acicular
straight prickles, leaflets 3 orbicular obtuse and coarsely doubly crenate laxly
pubescent beneath, stipules oblong green, peduncles l~3-flowered axillary, calyx-
lobes lanceolate.

Kashmir, at Sonamung, alt. 9250 ft., C. B. Clarke.

A very slender small perhaps herbaceous species ; branches probably armed, soft,
green, laxly clothed with spreading hairs; prickles numerous, very slender, quite
straight, not extending to the midribs. Leaflets 2-3 in. long, nearly as broad, dark
green, rounded or cuneate at the base, petiolulate ; petiole 1-3 in., slender ; stipules
persistent, obtuse or acute, entire or serrate, pubescent. Flowers drooping, ^in. diam.,
solitary in the lower axils, corymbose in the upper ; bracts green, small, oblong,
acute. Calyx-tube not bristly, densely pubescent ; lobes narrow-lanceolate. Fruit
of few glabrous drupes; stone pitted. — Of this very distinct species 1 have seen no
flowers.

31. XI. antennifer, Hooh.f. ; eglandular, branches petioles and peduncles
laxly pubescent and with copious slender straight acicular prickles, leaflets 3 or-
bicular-ovate acuminate lobulate and acutely doubly toothed, faintly pubescent
beneath, stipules linear-lanceolate acuminate, corymbs axillary and terminal,
calyx-lobes ovate with long slender tips, carpels very many glabrous.

Kashmir ; Sonamurg, alt. 8500 ft., C. B. Clarke.

A much stouter plant than R. Clarkei, similarly clothed with slender straight
prickles and soft hairs, but the leaflets are more coriaceous, very acutely toothed, the
lateral sessile, the terminal cordate, and the inflorescence and flowers are quite dif-
ferent. Stipules J-i in., green, persistent, quite entire. Peduncles often 2-3 in.,
stiff, erect, the terminal continuing the branch and bearing a branched corymb ; pedi-
cels often long and slender; bracts filiform. Flowers erect, f-1 in. across the sepals.
Calyx not or hardly bristly, tomentose ; lobes pubescent on both surfaces, ovate, sud-
denly contracted into filiform tips often as long as themselves. Petals orbicular-ob-
ovate, white, about equalling the limb of the calyx. Carpels on a columnar pubescent
receptacle.

32. It. purpureus, Bunge LJnum. Plant. Chin. Bar. 24 ; glandular,
branches petioles inflorescence and calyxes densely covered with small deflexed

YOL. II. z

338 LI. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Rubus.

prickles, leaflets 3 (rarely 5) broad-ovate coarsely acutely doubly crenate white
beneath, cymes axillary few-flowered, flowers drooping, carpels pubescent.

Western temperate Himalaya, Ktinawub, in the Tibetan region, alt. 11-14,000 ft.,
T. Thomson. — Distbib. N. China.

Branches stout, shining, pale or dark yellowish ; purple glandular hairs few, scat-
tered; prickles short, flattened, straighter on the petioles and inflorescence. Leaflets
2-4 in., glabrous above, terminal broad-ovate or orbicular, cordate ; lateral sessile,
smaller ; petiole 1-3 in., stout, pale, coloured like the stem ; stipules setaceous, glan-
dular. Flowers £ in. diam., solitary in the lower axils, 2-4 in peduncled cymes in
the upper. Calyx pubescent and bristly ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, finely acuminate,
erect in fruit. Petals smaller than the calyx, orbicular-oblong, Fruit enclosed in
the calyx, globose, red, of many (about 20) tomentose drupes situated on a columnar
pubescent receptacle ; endocarp pitted. Very near R. colchicus, Herb. Stev., from the
Caucasus, if not a few-flowered variety of that plant. Jaeschke sends 5-foliolate
leaves of apparently this species from Lahul.

Vab. subinermis, more slender and lax with the prickles reduced almost to bristles.
— Kishtwar, Thomson ; Kashmir, Falconer, alt. 9250 ft., C. B. Clarke ; common in
water channels at 8-10,000 ft., Aitchieson. — Clearly a lax state of the Tibetan drier
climate prickly plant.

33. It. lucens, Foche Batogr. in Abhandl. Naturwiss. Verein, Bremen, iv.
199 (1874) ; eglandular, almost glabrous, prickles scattered short hooked, leaf-
lets 3 ovate elliptic orbicular or ovate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate serrate
shining above, stipules linear, racemes axillary and terminal long slender, carpels
few hirsute. R. laevigatas, Wall. Cat. 1280.

Khasia Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft., Simons, &c. ; Assam, Jenkins ; Mishmi Hills,
Griffith.

Stem very stout, climbing lofty trees ; branches angled, grooved, quite smooth ;
prickles very short. Leaflets 4-5 in., brown when dry, coriaceous, serratures simple,
acute, petiolules short and nerves beneath puberulous ; petiole 2-6 in., prickles many
or few ; stipules almost setaceous. Panicles 6-12 in., lower sometimes crowded in the
leaf-axils ; terminal slender, pubescent ; bracts subulate. Flowers small, ^ in. diam.,
in fascicles or short corymbs ; pedicels slender. Calyx densely hoary ; tube very
short; lobes oblong, obtuse or apiculate, erect in fruit. Petals equalling the sepals,
pink or white, obovate, clawed. Stamens 20-30, in one series. Fruit enclosed in
the calyx ; drupes 6-8, sweet ; stone rugose ; receptacle low, pubescent.

Sect. IV. Shrubs. Leaves pinnately 5-7-foliolate, upper (or all in 37.
foliolo8us) sometimes 3-foliolate.

34. XI. biflorus, Ham. ; Smith in Rees Cyclop, xxx. Rubus 9 ; eglandular,
prickles strong hooked, leaflets 3 or 5 ovate lobulate doubly toothed white and
tomentose beneath, stipules linear-lanceolate, flowers 1-3 together on axillary
slender peduncles drooping, calyx-lobes broad-ovate acuminate, carpels nume-
rous woolly above. Wall. Cat. 735 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 558 ; JSot. Mag. t. 4678.

Temperate Himalaya ; from Sibmobb, alt. 7-9000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 8000 ft.,
and Bhotan.

A strong rambling shrub ; stems and branches quite glabrous, white with
glaucous bloom ; prickles very strong and much recurved. Leaves chiefly on short
lateral branches; upper sometimes 1-foliolate and 3-lobed ; leaflets l-l£ in., rarely
more, acutely tootned or serrate, pnbescent or hairy above, densely tomentose
beneath ; petiole slender, 1-2 in., prickly, pubescent ; stipules £ in. Peduncles ^-l£
in., unarmed or prickly, usually glabrous ; bracts subulate. Flowers |-f in. diam.
Calyx pubescent on both surfaces or glabrate outside ; lobes broad, suberect or
spreading in fruit. Petals equalling or exceeding the calyx, orbicular, white.
Stamens numerous. Fruit globose, f in. diam. ; drupes 20-30 golden yellow, suc-
culent ; stone reticulated with pits ; receptacle columnar, villous.

Hubus.] li. rosace iE. (J. D. Hooker.) 339

35. R. lasiocarpus, Smith in Rees Cyclop, xxx. Rubus 6 : eglandular,
prickles scattered stout straight or hooked, branches glabrous very glaucous,
leaflets 5-9 ovate elliptic or ovate-lanceolate acutely toothed or serrate, beneath
ribbed and usually hoary with white tomentiun, terminal alone lobulate, stipules
subulate, corymbs small axillary and terminal tomentose, petals small red,
carpels many tomentose. DC. Prodr. ii. 558. Wight. 8f Am. Prodr. 299 ;
Wight. Ic. t. 232 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 64 ; Dalz. | Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 89 ;
Kurz For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 439. R. distans, Don Prodr. 256 (pinnatus 234).
R. Horsfieldii, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. part 1, 375. R. albescens, Roxb. Hort.
Beng. 39 ; Flor. Ind. ii. 519. R. rosaeflorus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 519. R. ro-
tundifolius, Royle III. 203 (name only). R. mysorensis, Heyne in Roth Nov.
Gen. Sf Sp. 235. R. indicus, Heyne MSS. ? R. parvifolius, Moon Cat. Ceyl.
PI. R. furfuraceus, Wall. Cat. 739. R. bijugus, Focke Batogr. in Abhandl.
Naturwiss. Verein, Bremen, iv. 200 (1874).

Temperate Himalaya, from Murree and Kashmir, alt. 5-8000 ft. (ascending
to 1500 ft. in Kumaon), to Sikkim, alt. 4-10,000 ft. Burma. "Western Peninsula
on the higher Ghats from Canara southwards. Ceylon, central province, alt.
4-7000 ft.— Distrib. Java.

A large rambling very variable plant ; -branches cylindric, with coloured pruinose
bark, the very young only tomentose ; prickles compressed, variable in size and
curvature, extending to the petioles and rachis, but not or rarely to the inflorescence.
Leaves 3-10 in. ; leaflets 1-3 in., rather coriaceous, opaque, glabrous or silky above,
almost plaited by the strong straight nerves, which are very prominent beneath, some-
times very acute, often doubly toothed and mucronate, terminal usually broad-ovate,
or even orbicular, rounded acute or cordate at the base ; lateral sessile, rarely ovate or
orbicular; petiole stout, grooved above, glabrous and shining or tomentose ; stipules
\ in., linear-subulate. Corymbs axillary and terminal, simple or subpanicled, densely
tomentose or villous, or merely puberulous, on short or long (1-2 in.) peduncles,
2- many-flowered ; pedicels long or short ; bracts setaceous or filiform. Flowers *-f
in. diam Calyx densely woolly ; tube small ; lobes ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute
acuminate or caudate, spreading or suberect in fruit ; laciniate and much lengthened
in Moulmayne specimens. Petals deep pink, orbicular or broadly obovate, rarely
exceeding the calyx. Fruit \-\ in. diam., globose, hoary ; drupes numerous, dry, or
fleshy and then red or orange ; stone pitted ; receptacle columnar, villous.

It is as difficult to define the varieties of this Rubus as it is those of R. niveus, to
which they are in a degree analogous, and it is also difficult to separate the three
following species from it by constant definable characters.

Var. furfuraceus ; a large form, leaflets narrow 1-24 in. grey with very fine
down beneath, corymbs paniculate, terminal large much branched. R. furfuraceus,
Wall. Cat. 739, Ava.

Var. pauciflorus, a large very common Himalayan form, glabrous and shining
except the white undersurface of the leaves, with corymbs of many crowded small pu-
berulous flowers. R. pauciflorus, Wall. Cat. 727 ; Lindl. in Bot. Beg. t. 854. K. longi-
folius, Wall. MSS. R. Ischelus, Herb. Ham. R. distans, Don Prodr. 256 (pin-
natus, 234).

Var. micranthus ; much smaller in all its parts, leaves almost glaucous beneath.
R. micranthus, Bon Prodr. 235. Nipal, Wallich.

Var. sericeus ; leaflets 2-3 in. coarsely serrate pale green membranous beautifully
silky on both surfaces paler but not white beneath, corymbs many-flowered, sepals
lanceolate. Kishtwar, Thomson.

Var. membranaceus ; leaflets 2-3 in. coarsely crenate-toothed very membranous
perfectly glabrous above faintly downy beneath, corymb terminal compound. Ku-
maon, Strach. $ Winterb. (18). Sikkim, J. D. H.

Var. rosafolius ; quite glabrous except the branches of the corymbs and margins of
sepals, leaflets l-l£ in. inci so-serrate membranous, dark brown when dry, flowers
small in axillary corymbs, sepals with filiform points.— Sikkim, alt. 9-10,000 ft., J. D. H

Var. subglaber, Thwaites Enum. 101 ; leaflets l-l£ in. rounded, finely crenate-

z2

340 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Rubus.

serrate faintly pubescent on the nerves beneath ; dark brown when dry, midrib be-
neath often prickly. Ceylon. — Kurz (Jour?i. As. Soc. Beng. 1876, pt. ii. 307) refers
Roxburgh's B. rosaflorus to B. rosoefolius, Sm., but a reference to Hardwick s de-
scription cited by Roxburgh proves that this cannot be correct.

36. XI. racemosus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 519 ; branchlets petioles .and
inflorescence clothed with glandular hairs, prickles straight or hooked, leaflets
5-7 ovate or orbicular-ovate acutely toothed, beneath usually densely white-
tomentose, stipules lanceolate, corymbs axillary and terminal, calyx prickly,
petals large red, carpels many villous. R. lasiocarpus, Sm., Var. f Miq. PI.
Exsicc. Hohenaek. No. 1152.

Nilghiki Mts., Adam, Gardner, &c. Pulney Mts., Wight.

I cannot doubt this being an extreme form of B. lasiocarpus, readily distinguish-
able by the copious glandular bristles and hairs, the usually densely tomentose
branches, corymbs, petioles, &c, and the prickly calyx and large petals ; the leaflets
too are usually broader, very coriaceous, glabrous above or with sometimes copious
almost woolly hairs. In Hohenacker's specimens however the branchlets and
petioles are nearly glabrous, and in all the branches are beautifully pruinose. The
sepals are caudate and quite entire. Wight's Pulney mountain specimens have the
leaflets more membranous, almost glabrous* beneath except along the nerves, like var.
subglaber of B. lasiocarpa. I have seen no authentic specimen of Eoxburgh's plant
(which Kurz (Andaman Report) refers to lasiocarpus) and refer the above to it as
the only Peninsular species according with his description.

37. It. foliolosus, Don Prodr. 256 (microphallus, p. 234) ; eglandular,
branches petioles and inflorescence villous or densely tomentose, priekles
straight or hooked, leaflets 3-7 small ovate or almost orbicular coarsely crenate-
toothed or serrate white-tomentose beneath, flowers small in axillary branched
long peduncled corymbs, petals smallVed, carpels villous. — R. Roylei, Klotzsch
in Iteise Pr. Waidem. JSot. 154, t. 6. R. parvifolius, Smith in Rees Cyclop, xxx.
Rubus 21, not of Linn. ; Wall. Cat. 736.

Central and Western temperate Himalayas. Nipal, Wallich ; Chamba to Ktjmaon,
alt. 5-8000 ft., Thomson, &c.

Except by its usually prostrate habit and much smaller size, I do not think that
this is distinguishable from B. lasiocarpus. In Wallich's specimens the leaflets are
4 in. long, lateral orbicular cuneate, terminal lobed, are very pubescent above and
white beneath, but in Thomson's and others they become more ovate glabrous above
and almost silky beneath or even glabrous except along the nerves as in varieties of
lasiocarpus. The flowers are numerous, about ^ in. diam., with pink petals equalling
the calyx-lobes ; and the fruit is very small, white and villous. Don, misled by a
specimen of B. biflorus sent under the same name by Wallich (and fastened on the.
same sheet in Herb. Linn. Soc), describes the peduncles as 3-flowered. Maximovicz
Diagn. x. 392, is certainly wrong in referring this to the B. parvifolius, Linn.

38. XI. opulifolius, Bertol. Misc. Bot. xxii. 16, t. 4; inflorescence
glandular-hairy and as well as the stout branches and petioles densely softly
tomentose, prickles few straight or hooked, leaflets 3-5 acute or acuminate
crenate-toothed coriaceous densely clothed beneath with white wool, lateral
elliptic terminal broader lobed, flowers in axillary and terminal subsessile
abbreviated racemes, calyx with glandular bristles, petals small red, carpels
many silky.

Khasia Mt., at Moflong, alt. 5500 ft., Griffith ; J. D. H. $ T. T. Upper Kala
Pani, alt. 4000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

A much more robust plant than B. lasiocarpus, with dense soft tomentum on the
young and even on last year's branches, the older of which are however glaucous and
pruinose (as in all these red-flowered species) ; prickles when straight large and
much flattened. Leaflets 1£-2|- in., softly' downy or glabrous above, very white

Bubus."\ . lt. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 341

beneath except the nerves which have a yellowish pubescence ; petiole stout, prickly
or not ; stipules setaceous, quite entire. Flowers much crowded, § in. diam. ; bracts
setaceous, very tomentose. Calyx densely tomentose and bristly ; lobes lanceolate,
acuminate, quite entire. Petals obovate-oblong. Carpels with long silky hairs, not
tomentose as in the ordinary forms of B. ktsiocarpus. Fruit globose, of many fleshy
orange-red almost glabrous drupes ; stone deeply pitted. — This is possibly another
extreme form of B. lasiocarpus, which (like B. racemosus) has become glandular.

39. It. horridulus, Hook. f. ; eglandular, prickles very many crowded
hooked, branches arched, leaflets 5-7 densely softly hairy incised-serrate,
petioles and single-flowered peduncles densely clothed with hooked prickles,
calyx-tube hemispheric densely clothed with straight prickles, petals purple,
carpels villous.

Bhotan, at Panga, alt. 7600 ft., Griffith.

Branches cylindric, slender, glabrous, with usually straight slightly compressed
prickles. Leaves 9.-4 in. ; petiole very slender, sparingly hairy, with numerous
strongly hooked prickles ; leaflets 3— ^ in., equally clothed with long soft flexuous
hair? on both surfaces, acute or acuminate. Peduncle clothed and armed like the
petioles, 1 in., always 1-flowered. Calyx-tube J in. diam., quite clothed with spread-
ing straight shining prickles ; lobes large, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, quite
entire, pubescent on both surfaces, erect in fruit. Petals small, purple according to
Griffith's notes. Stamens very numerous. Carpels numerous, villous, with long
straight white hairs. Fruit small, of 6-12 subpubescent drupes ; stone reniform,
rugosely pitted. — This appears to be in every way a very distinct species, but it is
impossible to say to what extent more copious materials may modify the above
description ; it is allied to B. sikkimensis, H. f, and pungens, Camb.

40. R. pung'ens, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 48, t. 59 ; eglandular except
sometimes the inflorescence and petioles, prickles many slender straight, stems
very long and slender, leaflets 5-7 membranous ovate deeply inciso-serrate
glabrous concolorous, flowers solitary or 2-3 axillary long-peduncled, calyx
densely prickly, lobes caudate, carpels with long hairs. Maximov. Diagn.
x. 386.

Kashmir, Falconer, Jacquemont ; Shapinga, alt. 7000 ft., C. B. Clarke ; woods at
Gulmuz at 8600 ft., Aitchieson. Khagan, 100 miles N.W. of Kashmir, alt. 8000 ft.,
Stewart. — Distrib. Japan (a variety).

Branches long, lax, cylindric, trailing, green, glabrous except the pubescent tips.
Leaves 2-4 in., petiole very slender, sometimes glandular, unarmed or with faintly
hooked prickles ; leaflets 1-1 ^ in., sessile, bright-green on both surfaces, quite
glabrous or faintly hairy on the nerves beneath, terminal broader, cordate, 3-lobed ;
stipules narrow lanceolate or setaceous. Flowers nearly 1 in. diam., erect ; peduncle
stout, slender, prickly and pubescent. Calyx-tube hemispheric ; lobes sometimes § in.
long, pubescent on both surfaces, spreading in fruit. Petals obovate-spathulate,
longer than the calyx, white (?). Fruit globose, small ; drupes few, on a conical
glabrous receptacle, pubescent, stone minutely pitted. — Clearly closely allied to
B. horridulus and sikkimensis, but with more the habit of B. idceus or saxatilis.
The petals are multiplied in Falconer's specimen.

41. It. rosaefolius, Smith Ic. ined. iii. t. 60 ; glabrous or pubescent,
glandular-hairy or not, prickles scattered hooked, leaves long, leaflets 5-7 ovate-
lanceolate acuminate doubly inciso-serrate, green on both surfaces, stipules
subulate-lanceolate, flowers solitary and in very loose panicles, calyx-lobes
caudate, petals white exceeding the calyx, carpels excessively numerous, fruit
large of innumerable orange-red minute glabrous drupes. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii.
518 ; Wall. Cat. 728 ; Kurz For. Flor. Brit. Barm. i. 439 ; Hook. Ic. PI t. 349.
R. pinnatus. Willd. R. asper, Don Prodr. 234 ; Wall. Cat. 741. O. sikkim-

342 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Rubus.

ensis, Otto Kunze MSS. in Herb. Clarke ? R. paniculatus, Clarke in Journ.
Linn. Soc. xv. 140, not of Smith.

Temperate Himalayas ; from Kumaon, alt. 7000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 4-7000 ft.,
J. D. H. Khasia Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft. Ava and Martaban Hills, Kurz. — Distrib.
Java. Naturalised and cultivated in the tropics and warm temperate regions;
flowers often double.

Stems erect or inclined ; branches slender, glabrous, pubescent or almost villous,
as are the petioles and peduncles, sometimes crinite with long dark-brown spreading
simple or gland-tipped hairs (R. sorbifolius, Maxim.) ; prickles sometimes very-
numerous, mostly straight on the stem and hooked on the petiole leaflets and in-
florescences. Leaves 2-5 in. long, bright green, never glaucous or white beneath ;
petiole slender, often prickly ; leaflets 1 -2 in., rarely more, membranous or coriaceous,
sessile or petiolulate , stipules linear-lanceolate or filiform, long-acuminate. Flowers
f-1 in. diam. ; peduncles usually slender, prickly. Calyx glabrous or pubescent, not
prickly, tube small ; lobes acute or acuminate or hair-pointed, or drawn out to a
serrated limb nearly an inch long; spreading in fruit. Petals orbicular-obovate.
Carpels excessively numerous, glabrous, on a villous receptacle. Fruit globose or
more often oblong ; drupes smaller than in any other species ; stone deeply pitted. —
K. paniculatus, Roxb. (K. Eoxburghianus, Wall. Cat. 732.) from the Moluccas is
R. parvifolius, Linn. & Kumph. (Amboin. v. t. xlvii.), and perhaps also R. fraxini-
folius, Poir. ; it has larger leaves and smaller calyx and fruit than rosfpfolius. R.
Javanicus, Celebicus and others are in various respects intermediate, and all may
prove forms of one common Malayan plant.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

E. hibiscifolius, Focke Batogr. in Abhandl. Naturwiss. Verein, Bremen, iv. 197;
unarmed, stem smooth, floriferous branches slender and petioles puberulous, stipules
broadly linear obtuse deciduous, leaves petioled ovate or ovate-lanceolate cordate
long-acuminate 3-lobed unequally subincised-serrate hairy then glabrate above,
paler and puberulous on the nerves beneath, flowers crowded subfascicled shortly
peduncled forming a short narrow inflorescence, bracts ovate-lanceolate acute some-
times denticulate, calyx yellow tomentose cleft hardly to the middle, lobes shortly
triangular. — Leaves exactly like those of R. palmatus, Th., flowers like those of
R. moluccanus. Nipal, Wallich in Herb. Copenhagen {Focke). — I have no idea what
this species can be ; I find nothing like it in Herb. Wallich.

K. Hoffmeisterianus, Kunth Sf Bouche Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. (1817 coll.) 14, is
I suppose R. niveus, Wall.

9. GEUM, Linn.

Erect perennial herbs. Radical leaves crowded, pinnate; terminal leaflet
large ; stipules adnate to the petiole. Flowers solitary or corymbose, white yel-
low or red. Calyx persistent, 5-bracteolate ; lobes 5, imbricate or valvate. Pe-
tals 5. Stamens very many, crowded. Disk smooth or with radiating grooves.
Carpels many, on a long or short receptacle ; style filiform, elongating much after
flowering, straight or bent ; ovules ascending. Achenes many, on a dry recep-
tacle, each with a long filiform straight or bent terminal style which is often
hooked at the tip. — Distrib. Temp, and cold regions of N. and S. hemispheres ;
species about 30.

Sect. I. Geum proper. Style in fruit hooked at the tip or below it.

1. Cr. urbanum, Linn.; Boiss. Flor. Orient, ii. 690; erect, sparsely
softly hairy, lower leaves pinnatisect, leaflets 9-11 with the alternate smaller,
upper sessile, flowers erect, head of hispid achenes sessile. G. Roylei, Wall.
Cat. 713.

Western temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-11,000 ft., from Murree to Kumaon. — Dis-
trib. Siberia and westwards to the Atlantic.

Geum.~\ li. rosaceje. (J. D. Hooker.) 343

Stems 1-3 ft., stout or slender, from a woody rootstock. Terminal leaflets of ra-
dical leaves 2- 3 in. diam., orbicular, lobed and crenate ; lateral much smaller, often
minute, sessile, cut and lobed ; cauline leaves sessile, broad, variously cut and
lobed ; stipules leafy, lobed and toothed. Flowers- £-f in. diam. ; peduncle slender.
Petals yellow, narrowly obovate, equalling or exceeding the calyx-lobes, which are
acuminate and reflexed in fruit. Achenes spreading and recurved, hispid with long
hairs ; awn \ in., bent, hooked at the tip ; receptacle villous. — C. B. Clarke has a
very robust form from Kashmir (Alibad, 9,000 ft.).

Sect. II. Sieversia. Style straight in fruit.

2. G. el a turn, Wall. Cat. 711 ; sparingly hairy, leaves pinnatisect, leaflets
very many short lobed and crenate, flowers erect, achenes hispid. Sieversia
elata, Boyle III. 207, t. 39.

Subalpine and Alpine Himalaya; from Kashmir, alt. 9-12,000 ft. to Sikkim, alt
12-15,000 ft.

Rootstock stout, woody. Leaves 4-12 in., linear-oblong; leaflets £-1 in., close and
imbricating or scattered, uniform or the alternate smaller, terminal orbicular, all
lobed and coarsely crenate, upper or all adnate by a broad base. Flowering stems with
few leaves and 1-6 flowers. Flowers £-1^ in. diam.. Calyx-lobes dt ^toid-ovate,
acute, silky, spreading in fruit. Petals orbicular, yellow, much exceeding the calyx.
Carpels sessile on the base of the calyx, clothed with long silky hairs. Achenes ellip-
soid, acute at both ends, hairy ; style | in., slender.

Vab. humile, Eoyle 1. c. ; smaller, 1 -flowered, Nipal Kumaon and Sikkim, alt.
12-15,000 ft. G. adnatum, Wall. Cat. 712. Potentilla adnata, Wall. MSS.; Lehm.
Pugill. ix. 9; Revis. PotentUl. 47, t. 17.

10. FRAGARIA, Linn. Strawberry.

Perennial scapigerous herbs, with creeping stolons. Leaves digitately 3-
rarely 5-foliolate very rarely pinnate or simple ; stipules adnate to the petiole.
Flowers white or yellow, often polygamous. Calyx persistent, with 5 bracteoles
at its base ; lobes 5, valvate in bud. Petals 5. Stamens many, persistent. Car-
pels many, on a convex receptacle ; styles ventral, persistent ; ovule 1, ascend-
ing. Achenes many, minute, sunk in the surface of a large fleshy receptacle. —
Distrib. Temp, and mountain regions of the N. hemisphere, S. America, Sand-
wich Islands, Bourbon ; species 6 or 7.

* Floivers yellow.

1. F. indie a, Andr.Bot. Rep. t. 479; very slender, leaflets 3-5 obovate
serrate crenate or toothed, peduncles solitary axillary 1-flowered, bracteoles
large cuneate-obovate 3-5-fid. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 520 ; Wight 8f Am. Prodr.
300 ; Wight Ic. t. 989 ; Rot. Reg. t. 61 ; Wall. Cat. 1236, excl. No. 3 for the
most part. F. malayana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 520. F. nilgirica, Zenker PI. Ind.
Dec. 1. 7,t. 9. F. arguta, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1237. F. Roxburghii, Wight 8f
Am. Prodr. 300, name only. Duchesnea fragarioides, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
x. 373 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 1, 372, et D. chrysantha, Miq. ibid. D. fra-
giformis, Don Prodr. 233. Potentilla denticulosa and Wallichiana, Ser. in DC.
Prodr. ii. 573, 574 P. Durandii, Torr. fy Gr. Fl. N. Am. 1. 444. P. fragarise-
folia, Klotzsch in Reis. Pr. Waldem. Bot. t. 10. P. trifida, Lehm. in Otto
Garten, und Blumenzeit. vii. 263 ; Revis. PotentUl. 175.

Temperate and subtropical Himalaya and along the foot of the hills from the Pun-
jab to Assam, ascending to 7500 ft. in the east and 8000 ft. in the west. Khasia
Mts. Nilghiri Mts. Penang {Roxburgh) — Distbib. Affghanistan, Mountains of the
Malay Islands, Japan, Corea, and Formosa.

More or less silkily hairy. Rootstock stout, with many long slender prostrate stems.
Leaves distant; leaflets rarely 5, l-l£ in., petiolulate or sessile, membranous, simply

344 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Fragaria.

or doubly crenate or toothed or serrate, base cuneate entire, nerves parallel ; petiole
1-5 in., very slender; stipules leafy, toothed. Peduncles very slender, equalling' the
petioles, naked. Flowers £-1 in. diam. Calyx-lobes ovate or lanceolate ■;_ bract eoles
narrow or broad, often greatly exceeding the calyx-lobes, rarely quite entire. Petals
obovate, cordate, yellow. Fruit spherical or oblong, bright red, spongy,' insipid ;
achenes minute, obscurely pitted.

A very variable plant. I refer Potentilla deriticulosa doubtfully to it on the
authority of J. Gay (in Herb.), who has further verified the reference of the Ameri-
can P. Durandii toF. indica ; M. E. Durand in 1860 having informed him that this
plant was sent to him from Savannah, where it grew in the streets, and was no doubt
introduced.

** Floivers white.

2. P. vesca, Linn. ; leaflets sessile or nearly so many-toothed, fruit
globose or subglobose, calyx-teeth usually entire.

Vab. nubicola ; slender, silvery, nearly glabrous, runners filiform, hairs on peti-
oles and few flowered peduncles appressed, calyx-lobes narrow spreading in fruit. F.
nubicola, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1238.

Vab. ? collina, slender or stout runners with spreading hairs, hairs on petioles and
few- or many-flowered peduncles more copious spreading, calyx -lobes narrow or broad
spreading or suberect in fruit.

Temperate Himalaya, from Mtjbbee and Kashmir, alt/5- 10,000 ft., to Sikkim, alt.
6-13,000 ft. — Distrib. F. vesca, Affghanistan, Java, N. temp, zone.

I am quite unable to identify the Indian strawberries by means of the characters
given by authors to the European species, which differ in their several works. F. vesca
is defined by Boissier (Fl. Orient.) as having the petioles with spreading hairs, and the
peduncles with spreading or appressed ones ; Ledebour (Fl. Boss,) describes the hairs
of its peduncles as appressed, and Decaisne ( Jardin /ruitier) as spreading, In the
common Himalayan Fragaria the hairs of both petals and peduncles are appressed in
some forms, in others those of the petiole are spreading and of the peduncle appressed,
and in still others both petiole and peduncle have spreading hairs. As the specimens
with most appressed hairs appear from dried specimens to have spreading calyx-lobes
I have referred them to R. vesca as var. nubigena. I must remark however that J .
Gay, who was the greatest living authority on Fragaria, and to whom I sent a series
of specimens, has regarded most of them as F. collina, but evidently with doubt; for a
Simla and a Kashmir specimen he tickets F. collina ? and then crosses out the mark
of interrogation, and a Kishtwar specimen he tickets first elatior? and then crosses that
name out substituting collina 1 and finally crosses out the mark of interrogation : of those
marked collina by Gay ; some have appressed, others spreading hairs on both pedun-
cle and petiole. The Sikkim specimens, again, which I describe above as var. nubi-
cola., are marked F. vesca without a doubt by M. Gay. This slender silvery form
occurs throughout the temperate Himalaya ; it has often small accessory pinnules on
the petiole far below the tip and toothed or entire calyx -lobes.

.3. P. nilg-errensis, Schldl. in Hohenack. Plant. Ind. Or. Exdcc. No.
1518 ; very robust, runners petioles and peduncles clothed with long stout spread-
ing hairs, fruit subglobose or depressed, calyx-lobes entire spreading or suberect
in fruit. J. Gay in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, viii. 206. F. elatior, Wight fy Am.
Prodr. 300 • Wight Ic. t. 988.

Khasia Mts., alt. 5000 ft. J. D. H. $ T. T. .Nnxmrai Mts., Wight, &c.

This will probably prove to be another form of F. vesca, and I find an approach
to it amongst the Himalayan specimens of that plant; and there are specimens of it
marked as from Sikkim in Griffiths' collection, but they are probably from Khasia
and mislabelled. Gay who elaborately describes it says that the calyx- lobes are erect ;
this they seem to be in dried specimens, but Wight's excellent figure (which Gay does
not refer to) shows them to be spreading. The fruit is white with a pale pink tint,
and not worth eating ; it is globose and inclined to be conoidal in the Nilghiris, but
a very depressed sphere in Khasia.

Fragaria.'] li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 345

4. F; Daltoniana, J. Gay in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4. viii. 204; smaller,
slehdert hairy or nearly glabrous, runners filiform, leaflets petiolulate with few
teeth, ffkxwers solitary, fruit elongate-ovoid or fusiform, calyx-lobes and bracte-
oles tootMd spreading in fruit. F. sikkimensis, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
1875,*"ii. 206.

Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 10-15, 000 ft., J. J). H., Kurz, &c.

A very distinct species, at once recognizable by its smaller proportions, petiolulate
leaflets with few teeth, toothed calyx-lobes, bracteoles, and curious fruit, which is
often nearly 1 in. by ^ in. broad, of a bright scarlet but with little flavour.

11. POTENTILLA, Linn. Cinquefoil.

Perennial herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves compound ; stipules adnate to the
petiole. Flowers white or yellow, rarely red, solitary or in corymbose cymes.
Calyx persistent, 5- rarely 4-bracteolate ; lobes as many, valvate in bud. Pe-
tals as many, sometimes narrow. Stamens many, rarely few and definite. Disk
annular or coating the calyx-tube. Carpels many, rarely 1 or few, on a small
dry receptacle ; style persistent or deciduous, ventral or terminal ; ovule 1, pen-
dulous. Achenes many, on a dry receptacle. — Distrib. N. temp., Arctic, and
mountain regions, very few are found in the south ; species 120.

The species of Potentilfa are very difficult of discrimination, being chiefly mountain
plants varying in habit and stature with elevation, much as Ranunculi do. I have no
doubt that several here regarded as peculiar, will prove forms of more western ones,
and those again of one wide spread European, Asiatic, and American plant. Lehman's
"Kevisio Potentillarum " is of little scientific value, and the 200 species it enumerates
are reducible by at least one-third. Boissier in his " Flora Orientalis " has done ex-
cellent work. The character of the calyx and petals are excessively variable, and
that of the terminal and ventral style is not so good as might be supposed, the outer
carpels often differing somewhat from the inner in this respect. Smooth and wrinkled
achenes are not always definite characters. I am inclined to think that the structure
of the stigma is useful as a guide to the affinities of the species, but I hesitate to
introduce it without a study of the whole genus.

Sect. I. Sibbaldia. Stamens 4, 5 or 10. Flowers often unisexual.

* Leaves simple.

1. P. trullifolia, Hooh.f.-, forming dense silky moss-like tufts, leaves
trowel-shaped or ^-orbicular tip truncate 3-fid, stamens 5, achenes many smooth,
styles short ventral.

Sikkim Himalaya; rocky places on the Tibet frontier, alt. 16-17,000 ft., J. D. H.

Tufts matted, an inch high, soft, of densely packed short branches from a woody
slender rootstock. Leaves \ in., densely imbricated, flat, clothed on both surfaces
with long silky hairs, tip with 3 broadly triangular obtuse teeth ; petiole short ;
stipules very broad, membranous, with triangular acute free portions. Flowers
solitary, subsessile, £ in. diam. Calyx hemispheric, silky ; tube very short ; lobes
ovate, obtuse ; bracteoles much smaller, narrow, oblong, obtuse. Petals not seen.
Stamens, rudiments of 5 seen. Achenes about 10, on a villous receptacle, quite
smooth.

** Leaves digitately 3- or 5-foliolate.

2. P. Sibbaldi, Holler f. in Ser. Mus. Helvet. i. 51 ; leaflets 3 obovate-
cuneate truncate 3-5-fid, flowers in branched cymes yellow 5-merous, achenes
smooth, style short ventral. P. procumbens, Clairv. Man. d'JEterbor. en Suisse

346 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Potentilla.

166. P. Sibbaldia, Griesselich Statistik d. Flor. Badem. 239. Sibbaldia pro-
cumbens, Linn. S. parviflora, Willd. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 727. S. cuneata,
Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx, 44. S. cuneata, Kunze in Linnaa, xx. 59.

Alpine Himalaya and Western Tibet, alt. 12-15,000 ft. — Distbib. Lofty
mountains of the N. temp, zone ; Arctic regions.

Covered with rather stiff silky hairs ; rootstock woody, depressed, branched.
Leaves chiefly radical ; petiole £ in., slender; leaflets £-£in., rounded at the base, lobes
short broad subacute, nerves obscure ; stipules large, membranous. Flowering stems
^-6 in. ; cymes leafy and silky. Flowers pedicelled. Calyx \ in. ; lobes triangular-
lanceolate, erect in fruit ; bracteoles linear. Petals narrowly obovate, hardly exceeding
the calyx. Stamens 5-10 (Edgew.) short. Achenes ovoid, smooth, obtuse, receptacle
flat hairy. — I can detect no difference whatever between the Sibbaldia parviflora
Willd. and S. procumbens, L., which latter varies greatly in size and hairiness and size
of petals. J. Gay (in Herb. Hook.) failed to distinguish them.

Var. micrantha ; more densely tufted and smaller in all its parts, flowers sometimes
solitary and alternate sessile amongst the leaves, calyx £-% in. long. "Western Tibet ;
Tibetan region of Sikkim, alt. 16,000 ft.

3. P. perpusilla, Hook. f. ; very small, silky, leaflets 3 obovate-cuneate
truncate 3-fid, flowers in very short cymes 4-merous, achenes smooth, style
short ventral.

Alpine Himalaya, from Champura, Jacquemont, to Kumaon, alt. 12,000 ft. Strach.
$ Winterb. (with Potentilla 26), and the Tibetan region of Sikkim, alt. 16,000 ft.,
J. D. H.

A much smaller plant than P. Sibbaldi in all its parts, and always 4-merous.
Leaflets ^— £ in. Flowers £ in. diam. Petals narrowly obovate, Stamens 4. Achenes
10-12.

4. P. tetrandra, Bunge Enum. PI. Alt. 17 (Sibbaldia) ; densely tufted,
dioecious, silky, shining, leaflets 3 obovate-cuneate 3-fid, flowers yellow solitary or
in pairs subsessile 4-merous, achenes 4, style terminal. Dryadanthe Bungeana,
Ledeb. Flor. Ross. ii. 33. Sibbaldia procumbens, var. tibetica, Hook. f. fy Thorns.
Herb. Ind. Or.

Western Tibet, alt. 14-18,000 ft., Falconer, Thomson, and Tibetan region of Sik-
kim, alt. 15-16,000 ft., J. D. H.— Distrib. Altai Mts.

Forming dense moss-like patches covered with stout silky hairs. Stem densely
leafy, 1-2 in. Petiole £-£ in. ; leaflets about as long. Flowers rarely on short pe-
duncles, usually sessile amongst the leaves, £ in. diam. Calyx-lobes triangular ;
bracteoles linear. Petals obovate, much larger than the calyx, golden yellow.
Stamens 4, very short. Achenes glabrous, smooth.

5. P. axilliflora, Hook. f. ; sparsely silky, stems prostrate very long
and slender leafy throughout, leaflets 3 obovate acutely toothed, stipules small
ovate acute, flowers all axillary small on capillary pedicels, petals minute, sta-
mens 5, carpels many, styles sub-basal. Fragaria indica, Wall. Cat. 1236, 3 in
part.

Western Himalaya, Kttmaon, Herb. Wallich.

Rootstock as big as a walnut, apparently very short and broad, sending off 60-100
very weak almost filiform stems 1-2 ft. long, which trail on the ground, and are leaf-
and flower-bearing along their length. Leaves chiefly cauline; leaflets |^-| in., ses-
sile, membranous, base cuneate entire ; petiole f-f in. ; stipules small, broad, mem-
branous, toothed. Flowers \ in. diam. ; pedicels £-f in. Calyx hairy, lobes
triangular-ovate ; bracteoles linear-oblong. Petals very small, oblong, yellow ? Sta-

Potentilla.] li. rosaceje. (J. D. Hooker.) 347

mens short. Carpels about 20. Achenes many, rounded, hard, slightly wrinkled ;
receptacle villous.

6. P. purpurea, Royle III. 208, t. 40, f. 3 (Sibbaldia) ; polygamous,
leaflets 5 obovate-cuneate 3-fid, flowers purple 5-merous.

N. W. Himalaya, Boyle.

I know this plant only from the figure and meagre description published by Koyle,
who gives no habitat, and I suppose it to be founded on a drawing of a native artist.
The figure represents a procumbent branching rooting flexuous rhizome or stem 4 in.
long, clothed with stipular sheaths, and bearing short lateral branches with tufts of
leaves and flowers. Leaves g— § in. long, hairy; leaflets 5, sessile, ^ in., obovate-cu-
neate, 2-3-fid at the apex, green above, paler beneath. Flowers \ in. diam., solitary
or twin from the axils of the leaves, peduncle naked. Calyx hairy, lobes triangular-
ovate ; bracteoles linear. Petals longer than the calyx, narrowly obovate, pale purple.
Bisk dark purple. Stamens 5. Achenes ovoid, smooth.

*** Leaves pinnate.

7. P. albifolia, Wall. Cat. 1018 ; stems very slender spreading, leaves
pinnate, leaflets few subopposite or alternate obovate coarsely toothed white-
tomentose beneath, stipules large, flowers solitary axillary, achenes many, style
short ventral. Sibbaldia potentilloides, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bat. 54, t. 67.

Subalpine Himalaya from Kashmib, alt, 8-10,000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 12-15,000 ft.,
J. D. H., C. B. Clarke.

Bootstock stout. Stems many, 6-12 in., flexuous, branched, pubescent. Lower
leaves 2-4 in. ; leaflets 5-9, very unequal, ^-1 in., orbicular or obovate, lateral
smaller, lower smallest, green and glabrous above, snow-white beneath ; petiole very
slender ;' stipules sometimes |-| in., loose, sheathing, brown, acute, adnate for half
their length to the petiole. Flowers £ in. diam., on slender peduncles 1-2 in. Calyx
white-tomentose, lobes triangular; bracteoles linear-oblong. Petals small, oblong,
obtuse, yellow. Stamens 5. Achenes numerous, large, deeply furrowed ; receptacle
tomentose.

• Sect. II. Trichothalamus. Stamens numerous. Flowers sometimes
dioecious. Receptacle with long erect stiff hairs, which entirely conceal the
achenes.

* Leaves 'pinnate.

8. P. fruticosa, Linn. ; Boiss. Flor. Orient, ii. 703 ; dioecious, shrubby,
silky, leaflets 3-7 oblong-lanceolate or linear quite entire apiculate, flowers soli-
tary, petals obovate exceeding the calyx, achenes furnished with a long pencil
of silky hairs, style short subterminal. P. rigida, Wall. Cat. 1009 ; Lehm. Revis.
Potentill. 19, t. 1. P. Arbuscula, Don Prodr. 256 (nepalensis 229) ; Wall. PI.
As. Rar. iii. 16, t. 228 ; Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 18. P. reticulata, Bertol. Plant.
Nuov. As. i. 6, t. 2.

Temperate and subalpine Himalaya, from Kashmir, alt. 8-12,000 ft., to Sikkim,
alt. 12-16,000 ft. — Distbib. N. Asia and Europe to the Pyrenees and England.

A much branched rigid robust erect or prostrate leafy low or tall shrub, 6 in.-4 ft.
Leaves imbricating, ^— 1£ in.; leaflets ^-| in., coriaceous; petiole slender; stipules
large, membranous, obtuse. Flowers usually solitary, f-1^ in. diam, ; peduncle rarely
1 in., silky; bracteoles entire or 2-fid. Calyx-lobes ovate or lanceolate. Petals broadly
obovate. Stamens many. Achenes numerous, minute, with long hairs, and sunk in
the long hairs of the receptacle.

Vab. glabrata ; very short, glabrate, leaflets lanceolate. Sikkim, alt. 15,000 ft.

Vab. ochreata ; Lehm. ; slender, very silky, almost white, leaflets much-reduced
linear-larceolate with revolute margins, flowers smaller. P. ochreata, Lindl. in Wall.

348 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Potentilla.

Cat. 1028 ; Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 17. Western Tibet, fromN. ofKumaon to Ladak,
alt. 13-17,000 ft.

Vab. pumila; depressed, very dwarf, branches spreading, leaflets very silky
£-J in., flowers sessile £-£ in. diam. P. Lindenbergii, Lehm. in Otto Gart. und Blumen-
zeit. vii. 339 ; Revis. Potentill. 14, t. 2.

Var. Inglisii ; very dwarf, most densely tufted, leaflets £ in. linear-lanceolate,
flowers often peduncled, peduncle bracteate. P. Inglisii, Royle III. 207, t. 41 ; Lehm.
Revis. Potentill. 18. Kumaon and West Tibet, alt. 14-15,000 ft.— Very near P. hi flora,
Willd. of the Altai and American Polar regions, which has obcordate petals.

Vab. armerioides ; dwarf, forming dense hard tufts or cushions, branches with the
densely crowded spreading leaves f in. diam., leaflets linear-lanceolate very rigid,
margins revolute to the midrib, achenes glabrous. Borders of Sikkimand Tibet, alt.
17-17,500 ft., J. D. H.

9. P. Salessovii, Steph. in Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. ii. 6, t. 3; silky,
shrubby below, leaflets 7-9 oblong obtuse coarsely obtusely toothed above the
middle, flowers large cymose, achenes villous, style ventral very slender. Lehm.
Monogr. Potentill. t. 1 ; Revis. Potentill. 13. P. discolor, Camb. in Jacq. Voy.
Bat. 53, t. 65. Comarum Salessovii, Bunge ; Ledeb. Flor. Ross. ii. 63.

Western Tibet, Lahux and northern border of Kashmir, alt. 11-14,000 ft. —
Distrib. Altai and Thian Schan Mts.

Stems 1-3 ft., woody and as thick as the finger below. Leaves 4-6 in. ; leaflets
1-1^ in., subopposite, subequal, petiolulate, coriaceous, white or green beneath, base
rounded ; petiole stout ; stipules membranous, caudate. Flowers 1 in. diam., very
numerous, peduncled, in branched leafy cymes. Calyx tomentose, lobes ovate or lan-
ceolate, acuminate; bracteoles linear. Petals obovate-oblong, exceeding the calyx,
white? Stamens many, filaments long. Achenes minute, many, immersed in the
long receptacular hairs, clothed with long silky hairs.

** Leaves digitately S-foliolate.

10. P. ambig-ua, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 61, t. 62 : tufted, silky or
glabrous, stem very short leafy, leaflets 3 obovate- or orbicular-cuneate obtusely
3-toothed or 3-fid at the broad tip, stipules leafy, flowers solitary peduncled,
petals much exceeding the calyx, achenes many smooth, style slender ventral.
Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4613 ; Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 21. P. cuneifolia, Bertol,
Misc. xxiv. 15, t. 2. P. cuneata, Wall. Cat. 1015 in part.

Temperate and Alpine Himalaya; from Kashmir, alt. 10-14,000 ft., to Sikkim, alt.
9-15.000 ft.

Rootstock stout or slender. Stems 1-6 in. Leaflets \-\ in., sometimes as broad
as long, sometimes glabrate and glaucous beneath ; petiole ^-1 in. ; stipules variable.
Flowers £-1 in. diam. ; peduncle £-1 in., naked. Calyx pubescent or glabrate ; lobes
triangular, acute ; bracteoles elliptic, obtuse. Petals orbicular, yellow. Achenes sunk
in the very long receptacular hairs, smooth, clothed with long silky hairs. — Foliage of
P. Sibbaldi.

11. P. eriocarpa, Wall. Cat. 1012 ; nearly glabrous, rootstock very
stout, peduncles and long petioles very slender, leaflets 3 cuneate incised and
toothed above the middle, flowers solitary, petals much larger than the
calyx, achenes very small, style slender terminal. Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 22,
t. 4.

Tibetan region of Kunawar, Kumaon, Nipal, and Sikkim, alt. 12-14,000 ft.

Rootstock long ; branches like rootstocks, ascending, 4-10 in. long, as thick as a
swan's quill, densely clothed with imbricating silky or woolly stipular sheaths ; flow-
ering stems from the tips of the:r branches, very slender, 2-18 in., suberect, glabrous
or faintly silky, with one or two subsessile leaves above the middle. Leaves very few ;

Potentilla.'] li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 349

leaflets \-\% in., thin, bright green on both surfaces, 3-multifid ; petiole £-3 in. ;
stipules silky, acute. Flowers 1-1 £ in. diam. ; peduncle ^-3 in., naked. Calyx gla-
brous ; lobes ovate, acute ; bracteoles broadly elliptic, sometimes exceeding the calyx-
lobes. Petals orbicular-obcordate, yellow. Achenes minute, clothed with very long
flexuous hairs.

Sect. III. Potentilla proper. Stamens numerous. Achenes not con-
cealed by the long hairs of the receptacle.

* Root perennial.

f Leaves interruptedly pinnate, the alternate one or more pairs much smaller.
(See also 19 P. leuconota.)

12. P. 2>Iooniana, Wight Ie. t. 233 ; hirsute or villous, leaflets very
many pair elliptic obtuse serrate paler beneath, the smaller orbicular or cuneate,
flowers panicled or corymbose, bracteoles broad toothed, achenes quite smooth,
style very short ventral. Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 54. R. polyphylla and bar-
bata, Wall. Cat. 1030, 1026 j Lehm. I. c. 53 ; Monogr. Suppl. 1, t. 5. P. sor-
dida, Klotzsch. inReis. Pr. Wold. Rot. t. 9.

Temperate Himalaya ; from Kumaon, alt. 11,500 ft. to Sikkim, alt. 10-12,000 ft.
Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft. Ceylon, Horton plains, alt. 7000 ft.

A tall erect-branched leafy plant in Ceylon and at the lower elevations of N. India,
but becoming stunted with almost prostrate flowering- branches at 12,000 ft., very
variable in amount of hairiness, and sometimes having a few of the early leaves
silky; rarely (P. polyphylla) glabrate with appressed hairs. Leaves 6-10 in., narrow,
pinnate nearly to the base, the leaflets smaller downwards; larger leaflets, |-1^ in.,
smaller ^-£ in., all sessile, membranous, coriaceous at higher elevations, brown when
dry ; petiole slender, silky ; lower stipules usually membranous, upper leafy and
toothed or lobed. Inflorescence from an open dichotomously branched lax panicle
with slender pedicels, to a short almost umbellate corymb with stiff stout pedicels (P.
barbata). Flowers ^— § in. diam. Calyx villous, lobes ovate, acute ; bracts larger or
smaller than the lobes, ovate or cuneate, usually 3-toothed or -fobed. Petals obovate-
orbicular. Achenes on an elevated hairy receptacle, quite without wrinkles. — I can
find no characters upon which to found definable varieties of this plant, which by its
occasional silky leaves shows an affinity with P.fulgens.

13. P. fulg-ens. Wall MSS. in Hook. Rot. Mag.undert. 2700 ; softly silky,
leaflets very many pair elliptic oblong or obovate obtuse sharply serrate clothed
beneath with silvery hairs, interposed pairs minute, flowers panicled or
corymbose, bracteoles quite entire or 2-3-fid, achenes small smooth, style short
slender ventral. Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 54. P. splendens, Wall, in Hook. Rot.
Mag. t. 2700 ; Cat. 1017 ; Don Prodr. 330 : Sweet Rrit. Fl. Qard. t. 191. P.
Siemersiana, Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1820, 8 ; Pugill. i. 31. P. lineata,
Trevir. in Spreng. Syst. Veg. ii. 534 ; Reich. Icon Exot. t. 8. P. Naspata, Ham.
MSS.

Temperate Himalaya; from Kunawar, alt. 6-7000 ft. to Sikkim, alt. 7-13,000 ft.
Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft.

As variable as P. Mooniana, and in a very similar manner ; and further almost
connected with it by var. intermedia ; but usually more robust, with more copious
spreading hairs on the petiole and stem, and with the brilliant silvery clothing of the
under surface of the leaves and inflorescence sometimes extending to the upper sur-
face. Rootstock very stout. Stems 6-24 in., stout, ascending or erect, leafy. Leaves
2-6 in. ; larger leaflets £-l£ in., crowded or not, sometimes with deeply impressed
nerves above, at others quite flat, teeth very numerous and acute ; petiole rather stout ;
stipules and inflorescence and petals as in P. Mooniana, but calyx usually very silvery,

350 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Potentilla.

lobes acute ; bracteoles very variable. Achenes on an elevated hairy receptacle. — .
Reichenbach figures the petals as retuse ; they seem hardly so in our specimens, nor are
they so represented in Bot. Mag. Lehmann's name P. Siemersiana published in 1820 has
the priority, but is suppressed by the author himself (Revis. 55).

Var. intermedia; leaflets fewer more oblong slightly silvery beneath, calyx green
sparsely silky or hairy as in P. Mooniana. — Sikkim at Jongri, alt. 13,000 ft., C. B.
Clarke.

14. P. anserina, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 707 ; rootstock sending
out long racemes, leaves lanceolate, leaflets 6-10 pair with minute alternating
ones obovate or oblong deeply sharply toothed silvery with white hairs be-
neath, scapes from the rootstock and from nodes on the runners slender naked
1-flowered, achenes many. P. pseudo-anserina, Bertol. Misc. xxiv. 15, t. 3.

Western Tibet, Piti, &c, alt. 12-16,000 ft., Thomson ; Balti prov. of Kashmir,
alt. 7700 ft., C. B. Clarke. — Distrib. Kashgar, N. Asia, and from Persia westward to
the Atlantic, N. America, Australia.

Bootstock very short ; racemes a foot and more long. Leaves forming a spreading
tuft from the crown, 2-10 in., green above, silky beneath ; leaflets \-2 in., sessile,
smaller ones often minute lanceolate and entire ; stipules membranous. Flowers
^—1 in. diam. ; scape 1-6 in. Caly x- lobes lanceolate, acuminate ; bracteoles lobed or cut.
Petals yellow, orbicular. Achenes numerous, smooth, on a villous elevated receptacle.

ft Leaves not interruptedly pinnate (alternate leaflets not smaller except some-
times in 19. P. leuconota).

15. P. Leschenaultiana, Ser. in DC. Prodr. ii. 584 ; robust, villous,
hairs long spreading soft and silky, leaflets 5-7 obovate or broadly elliptic obtuse
coarsely toothed white beneath, flowers corymbose, petals obcordate, achenes on
an elevated receptacle wrinkled, style subterminal. Wight Lc. t. 990 ; Wight 8f
Am. Pi'odr. 301 ; Lehm. Monogr. Potentill. Suppl. 1, t. 3 ; Revis. 41. P. Gra-
hamiana, Wight Cat.

Temperate "Western Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon. Nilghiri Hills
abundant.

Bootstock short, stout. Leaves 1-10 in. ; leaflets usually 5, sometimes 9 or even
11, £-1 in., membranous or rather coriaceous, teeth acute or obtuse ; petiole slender ;
stipules, lower membranous entire, upper often leafy and toothed. Flowering stems
erect or ascending, 2-18 in., usually corymbosely branched above, the corymbs lax and
spreading or close. Ftowers subsessile or long-pedicelled, 3— $ in. diam., yellow,
rarely white. Calyx villous or silky, lobes triangular or oblong, aeute or subacute ;
bracteoles linear, oblong, acute. Petals longer than the calyx, orbicular obcordate or
more obcuneate. Carpels numerous. Aclienes on an elevated and often globose hairy
receptacle, variable in size, minutely wrinkled. —A most variable plant,, often a road-
side weed.

Var. bannehalensis ; tall, more slender, copiously branched above, leaflets silvery
white (rarely green) beneath, flowers 1 in. diam. on slender pedicels, calyx silky, lobes
very acute. P. bannehalensis, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 52, t. 64 ; Lehm. Bevis.
Potentill. 41.— Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 6-12,000 ft.

16. P. frag-arioides, Linn. ; Ledeb. Fl. Boss. ii. 38 ; villous or hairy,
hairs soft silky, leaflets 5-7 elliptic or oblong obtuse coarsely toothed hirsute
but not white or silvery beneath, flowers corymbose, petals obovate or obcordate,
achenes on an elevated receptacle, style subterminal. Lehm. Bevis. Potentill. 42 ;
Maximov. Diagn. Dec. xv. 158. P. Gerardiana, Wall. Cat. 1023 ; Lehm. I.e. 42.
P. variabilis, Klotzsch in Reis. Pr. Waldem. Bot. t. 11. P. Munroana, Lehm,
Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1849, 7 ; Revis. Potential. 40, t. 13.

Temperate Himalaya, from Wazeristan, Stewart, to Kumaon and Bhotan. —
Distrib. Siberia to China and Japan.

Potmtilla.'] li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 351

A smaller plant (sometimes only 2 inches high) than P. Leschenaultiana, with
which it is almost, if not quite, united through its var. bannehalensis, less villous, with
smaller leaves, more branched open corymbs, longer and more slender pedicels, more
acute calyx-lobes and smaller fruit.

Vak. stolonifera : Lehm. ; Maxim. Diagn. Dec. xv. 160 ; stoloniferous, leaflets some-
times 9, the, alternate smaller. Bhotan, Griffith; Sirmore, Wallich. — I give the
Sirmore hal itat on Maximovic's authority ; the specimens in Herb. Wallich have no
stolons and are referable to the ordinary form of the plant. According to the same
authority this variety is found in Japan and Kamtschatka.

17. P. Clarkei, Hook.f. ; leafy, stout, hispid with long spreading hairs,
leaves short, leaflets 5-7 lower much smaller obovate very coarsely crenate-
toothed, flowers pedicelled in dichotomous cymes with very divaricate leafy
branches and involucriform cut leaf-bracts, calyx-lobes acute, achenes many mi-
nutely wrinkled, style slender terminal.

Kashmir, Sirinuggur, alt. 7000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

Stems 1 ft., ascending from a woody rootstock. Leaves 1-2 in., covered with
spreading hairs on the petiole and both surfaces ; leaflets £-1 in., approximate, ses-
sile, rigidly coriaceous, toothed ^ way down, pale green when dry, lower lateral
sometimes cuneate and 2-3-toothed; stipules on the stem large, semi-ovate, leafy, en-
tire or toothed. Inflorescence very stiff, spreading, dichotomously branched, with
sessile leaves ; pedicel stout, |-1 in. Flowers ^ in. diam. Petals obovate, yellow.
Stamens numerous. Achenes rather large, numerous, on an elevated hairy receptacle. —
The rigid pubescence, habit, inflorescence and carpels at once distinguish this from
its allies ; its floral leaves form a sort of involucre of narrow almost pinnatifid spread-
ing leaflets.

18. P. Griffithii, Hook.f.; tall, branched, hoary, leafy, leaves short-pe-
tioled, leaflets 5-7 white with appressed pubescence beneath 3 terminal leaflets
obovate coarsely crenate-serrate lateral smaller orbicular or oblong, stipules
leafy deeply toothed, flowers in panicled corymbs sessile or pedicelled, calyx-
lobes obtuse or subacute, achenes very minute glabrous, style very short subter-
minal. Potentilla 15, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. 8f T.

Eastern Himalaya, Bhotan, alt. 6-8000 ft., Griffith ; Sdckim, alt. 7-14,000 ft
J. D. H.

Eootstock inclined. Stem 10-24 in., erect or ascending, stout or" slender. Leaves
small, 1-4 in. ; leaflets ^-1 in., green and glabrous or hairy above, quite white be-
neath and sometimes hairy as well as clothed with white opaque down, base cuneate
lateral very irregular in size and shape, lowest pair often minute; petiole hairy; sti-
pules large. Flowers |-1 in. diam. ; pedicel £-2 in., pubescent or tomentose. Calyx
silky, lobes acute or obtuse ; bracteoles quite entire, oblong or ovate, acute or obtuse.
Petals yellow, rounded or retuse at the tip. Achenes numerous, exceedingly minute,
smooth, on a large globose somewhat hairy receptacle. — Near P. discolor, Bunge, of
China, of which I have seen only a small specimen, and which is much smaller, with
prostrate flowering stems and pointed tips to the calyx-lobes.

Vab. 1 ; very slender, flowers £-£ in. on slender long pedicels, petals small. — Sik-
kim, alt. 7-9000 ft.

Var. 2. ; robust, sometimes ^-4 in. high, flowers £-1 in. on stout shorter pedicels,
petals large.— Bhotan and Sikkim, alt. 12-13,000 ft.

19. P- peduncularis, Don Prodr. 230; leaflets numerous oblong closely
deeply serrate clothed beneath with long soft appressed silvery hairs, above silky
or glabrous, flowering stems erect or ascending equalling the leaves, flowers few
large corymbose, bracteoles usually 1-2-toothed, acbenes very large almost glo-
bose, style verv short ventral. Lehm. Hevis. Potentill. 66, t. 25. P. leuconota,
Wall. Cat. 1021, in part. P. velutina, Wall. Cat. 1016.

352 li. rosaceje. (J. D. Hooker.) [Potentilla.

Alpine Central and Western Himalaya; Nipal, Wallich. Sikkim, alt 12-14,000 ft.,
J. D. H. ; C. B. Clarke.

Rootstock very long and stout, inclined. Leaves 2-18 in., linear- or obovate-ob-
long in outline, l-2£ in. diara. across the broadest part; leaflets usually close and
often imbricate, £-1 £ in., tip rounded, sessile, many-nerved, the alternate nerves
smaller, upper decurrent ; petiole slender or stout; lower stipules membranous, upper
leafy toothed. Flowering stems with one or two leaves and a few-flowered irregular
corymb. Flowers % in. diam. ; pedicel elongating after flowering. Calyx silky,
lobes triangular acute ; bracteoles various, usually toothed. Petals orbicular, yellow.
Stamens 20-30. Achenes few, ^ in. diam., four times as large as in any other Indian
species, dark brown ; receptacle low, villous.

Var. obscura ; covered with soft spreading hairs, not silvery, leaflets £ in. broadly
oblong membranous less closely serrate softly hairy on both surfaces. — Kumaon at
Kalari, alt. 13,000 ft., Strach. $ Winterb. I have but one specimen, and though
I find no approach to pubescence on it, judging from the variation of P. splendens,
Mooniana, and Leschenaultiana, it may well be referable to peduncularis, with which
it altogether agrees in habit, flower, and achenes.

Var. Clarkei ; dwarf, sparsely silky, not silvery, leaflets narrowly oblong. — Sikkim
at Yakla, alt. 14,000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

20. P. leuconota, Don Prodr. 230 ; leaflets numerous (alternate some-
times minute) oblong obtuse sharply closely serrate clothed beneath with ap-
pressed shining silky hairs, flowering stems exceeding the leaves, flowers small
subumbellate, bracteoles entire, achenes few hairy or glabrous, style very short
ventral. Wall. Cat. 1021 (excl. spec, of peduncularis) ; Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 65,
t. 24

Alpine Himalaya ; Garwhal, 10,000 ft., Madden ; Nipal, Wallich ; Sikkim, alt.
10-16,000 ft., J. B. H.— Distrib. Borneo (Kina Balou, alt. 11,000 ft,, Low).

Rootstock very stout, sometimes 1 in. diam., inclined. Leaves 2-6 in., very numer-
ous, linear in outline or rather broader upwards; leaflets close or sparse, £-§ in., ses-
sile, glabrous or hairy above ; petiole with appressed hairs. Flowering stem erect or
ascending, with usually a leaf about the middle, and an imperfect whorl of reduced
ones at the inflorescence. Flowers £ in. diam., crowded, the pedicels elongating stif-
fening and forming an imperfect umbel as the fruit advances. Calyx silky, lobes
acute ; bracteoles linear-lanceolate, entire. Petals obovate, retuse or rounded at the
tip, rather longer than the calyx, yellow. Stamens about 20. Achenes not numerous.

21. P. micropliylla, Don Prodr. 231 ; dwarf, densely tufted, sparingly
Silky or glabrate, leaflets very numerous small oblong o i rounded pinnatitidly
toothed to the middle or deeper, scape exceeding the lea^ es 1- rarely 2-flowered,
petals much exceeding the calyx, achenes many minute quite smooth, styles very
short ventral. Wall. Cat. 1010.

Alpine Himalaya, from Garwhal, alt. 10-14,700 ft. to Sikkim, alt. 15-18,000 ft.

Very variable in habit and stature, forming at high elevations dense hard moss-
like tufts, strewed with golden flowers and with the leaves so small and crowded as
with difficulty to be distinguished ; at lower elevations the leaves are 4-6 by f in.
Leaflets opposite and alternate, uniform, -i--^ in. broad, crowded and overlapping or
scattered, flat, or complicate ; petiole slender ; stipules very large, membranous, ob-
tuse. Flowering stem or scape erect, rarely shorter than the leaves, appressed-pubes-
cent or silky, naked or with an undeveloped leaf and bud above the middle, rarely
2-3-flowered. Flowers £-•§ in. diam. Calyx-lobes acute or obtuse ; bracterles oblong.
Petals orbicular or obovate, yellow. Stamens 30-40. Achenes in a globose head on a
villous receptacle.

Var. o. micrcphylla proper ; densely tufted, rootstock stout woody, leaves 1 in., peti-
ole filiform, leaflets ^ in. 3-5-fid pointing forwards and upwards. P. microphylla,
Wall, and y. depressa, Wall. ; Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 30 ; Monog. Suppl. t. 2, f. 2.

Var. £. glabriuscula, Wall. Cat. 1010 ; less densely tufted, leaves 2-3 in., leaflets

Potentilla.'] EI. rosacejs. (J. D. Hooker.) 353

nearly orbicular in outline flat cut in rather a fan-shaped manner, glabrous above,
silky on the'nerves beneath.

Var. 8. latiloba, Wall. Cat. 1010; leaves 2-4 in., leaflets orbicular in outline flat
toothed from below the middle to the tip, nearly glabrous beneath, scape slender 2-3-
flowered sometimes decurved in fruit. P. microphylla, Boyle III. 208, t. 41, f. 2.

Var. achillea folia; leaves 1-2 in., leaflets most densely imbricate pointing obliquely
forwards and upwards almost perpendicularly to the plane of the leaf very silky
beneath.

Var. commutata ; leaves 3-4 in., leaflets § in. separate flat broadly oblong pinna-
tifid to the middle, lobes slightly falcate glabrous above sparingly silky beneath, scapes
shorter than the leaves, calyx-lobes and bracteoles obtuse. P. commutata. Lehm. Pu-
gill. iii. 16; Revis. Potentill. 65. — Kumaon, Wall. Herb.; Bargi Kang Pass, Str. tif
Winterb. The most developed form, approaching in size and habit P. peduncularis,
var. obscura, but widely differing in the fruit.

22. P. bifurca, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 707 ; small, slender,
clothed with appressed silky hairs, stem leafy, leaflets 5-15 oblong entire 2-3-fid
or -partite, flowers small solitary or cymose on slender peduncles, petals much
exceeding the calvx, achenes glabrous except at the base, style slender ventral.
P. Moorcroftii, Wall. Cat. 1014; Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 23, t. 3. P. glauca,
Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 54, t. 66. P. bidens, Bertol. Misc. Bot. xxiv. 16, t. 4.

Western Tibet, alt. 10-1 4,000 ft., and Tibetan border of Lahul, Kumaon, and
Sixxim, alt. 13-17,000 ft. — Distrib. Soongaria, Altai Mts., Mongolia, Caucasus,
Taurus.

Rootstock long, slender, branched, tortuous. Stems 4-8 in., suberect or diffuse.
Leaves \-1 in. ; leaflets £-f in., usually linear-oblong, not toothed or serrate, obtuse
or acute, sessile by a broad or narrow base ; petiole slender ; stipules acute or acumi-
nate. Flowers £ in. diam. ; peduncle |— 1 in., naked, flexuous. Calyx-lobes broad,
rather obtuse. Petals obovate, yellow. Achenes few, large for the size of the plant,
somewhat triangular, obtuse, quite smooth, exceeding the hairs of the elevated
receptacle.

23. P. coriandrifolia, Don Prodr. 232 ; sparsely hairy or glabrate,
rootstock very thick, leaflets 6-cc pair broadly ovate deeply cut into spreading
linear or subulate hair-pointed lobes, flowering stems ascending and prostrate,
flowers subumbellately corymbosa, petals obcordate, achenes nearly glabrous,
style slender terminal. P. meifolia, Wall. Cat. 101 1 ; Lehm. Revis. Potentill.
29 ; Monog. Suppl. i. t. 1.

Central and Eastern Alpine Himalaya ; Nipal, Wallich ; Sixkim, Jongri, alt.
13,000 fr., C. B. Clarke.

Rootstock as thick as the thumb, inclined. Leaves excessively numerous, spread-
ing, 2-4 in. ; leaflets £-| in broad, opposite and alternate, sessile, glabrous except a few
hairs beneath and at the tip of every segment, cut almost to the midrib in a fan-like
manner, primary segments again divided, ultimate ones acute; petiole with appressed
hairs ; stipules subulate. Flowering stems 4-6 in., numerous, declinate and then
ascending, with appressed hairs and a few much reduced leaves. Flowers | in. diam.
on slender pedicels. Calyx glabrate ; lobes triangular, acute ; bracteoles linear-ob-
long, acute. Petals twice as long as the calyx, yellow. Achenes smooth ; receptacle
hairy. — The leaflets of the Sikkim specimens are much more finely divided than those
of the Nipal ones.

24. P. multifida, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 710 ; stems many and
petiole and leaves beneath softly white-torn entose without silky hairs, leaves
pinnate or subdigitately 3-5-foliolate glabrous above, leaflets linear-oblong or
obovate pinnatifid nearly to the base, segments linear or lanceolate ascending, mar-

VOL. n. A A

354 Li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Potentilla.

gins recurved, flowers yellow £-§in. diam. corymbose, achenes numerous minute,
style terminal. Lehm. Bevis. Potentill. 34. " P. breviscissa, Bertol. Misc. Bot.
xxiv. 17, t. 5.

Kashmir and Western Tibet, alt. 10-16,000 ft.; Niti Pass, Kumaon, alt.
16,300 ft,, Sir. $ Wint.—BiSTRiB. Afghanistan to the Caucasus. Northern and Cen-
tral Europe and Asia from Lapland and the Pyrenees ; China ; temperate and Arctic
N. America.

As variable in stature as P. sericea, and in other respects also. Bootstock short,
erect, with many crowns of leaves and stout or slender, suberect or prostrate or as-
cending stems. Leaves £-2 in. diam., normally with 5 subdigitate lobes, but often with
lobes more pinnately dispersed on the slender petiole which is sometimes 4 in. long ;
divisions of pinnules ^-£ in. broad. Flowers j-% in. diam., in close or open corymbose
cymes, or few, or solitary in reduced forms, subsessile or on long slender pedicels.
Calyx silky ; lobes ovate, acute ; bracteoles linear-oblong, obtuse. Petals orbicular-
obovate, retuse. Achent s glabrous, exactly like those of P. sericea ; receptacle hairy.
— A considerable number of species in different sections of Lehman's "Revision" are
referable to this species. P. altaica, Bunge is a state with leaflets reduced to three.
P. verticillaris, Steph., referred here by Ledebour, is according to our specimens
partly P. multifida and partly sericea.

Var. glabrata ; dwarf, rootstock stout, stem prostrate, leaves dense nearly gla-
brous, flowers small.

Var. minor, Ledeb. Fl. Boss. ii. 42 ; very slender, leaflets pinnate cut into very
nlender lobes. P. tenella, Turcz. "West Tibet, Falconer. AfFghanistan, Griffith.

Var. Saundersiana ; very small, leaves palmately 3-5-foliolate, leaflets £-| in.
deeply incised tomentose or silky beneath. P. Saundersiana, Boyle III. 207, t. 41,
f. 1 ; Lehm. Bevis. Potentill. 113. Western Tibet, alt. 15-17,000 ft. Also in Siberia
and Arctic latitudes. Very small 3-foliolate specimens are perhaps undistinguishable
from P. nivea, L., and var. hololeuca of P. sericea may be referable here. Dwarf
forms of these three species are hardly distinguishable in a dry state.

25. P. sericea, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 709; white, densely silkily
tomentose, stems many, leaves oblong pinnate, leaflets 5-11 silky on both sur-
faces, cut nearly to the base into linear subacute ascending lobes with recurved
margins, flowers yellow |-f in. diam. corymbose, petals orbicular-obovate,
achenes many smooth, carpels glabrous, style terminal. Lehm. Bevis. Potentil.
33. P. cinerascens, Bertol. Piant. Nuov. Asiat. 7, t. 63. P. soongarica, Bunge ;
Ledeb. Fl. Boss. ii. 42.

Western Tibet, and Tibetan region of the Western Alpine Himalaya, from
Kashmir, alt. 9-17,000 ft. to Kumaon. — Distrib. AfFghanistan to the Caucasus and
Armenia. Soongaria, N. China, Temperate and Asiatic N. America.

A very variable plant, diminishing in size with the increasing elevation from
18 in. to 3 in. ; covered more or less densely with soft shining silky hairs. Bootstock
very stout, perpendicular, with many heads. Leaves crowded, 1-6 in. long, rarely more
than 1 in. broad ; leaflets oblong, all cut nearly to the midrib, rarely only half way to
it, the terminal leaflets pedately disposed, the lateral opposite and alternate. Flow-
tring stems ascending, densely tomentose, corymbosely many-flowered in the larger
specimens, few or 1-floweredin the smaller. Calyx-lobes triangular-ovate or lanceolate,
acute ; bracteoles narrowly oblong, obtuse. Achenes quite smooth.— I can find no cha-
racter whereby to separate P. soongarica from the common Tibetan form of seri-
cea and it is difficult to retain hololeuca and polyschista as distinct forms, to which
may be added certain forms of P. pensyhanica, L.

Var. -polyschista, Lehm. ; dwarf, densely tufted, leaflets 3-5 short, flowers smaller —
alt. 15-17,000 ft.— P. polyschista, Boiss. Flor. Orient, ii. 710.

Var. hololeuca, Boiss.; Fl. Orient, ii. 710 (sp.); dwarf, leaflets 3-5, ovate pin-
natifid to the middle, most densely white tomentose beneath, flowers few small.
Lehm. Bevis. Pot. 69, t. 27. Perhaps" referable to P. multifida— Pugha in Little Tibet,

Potentitla.'] Li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 355

alt. 14-16,000 ft., Thomson. Small forms of this are undistinguishable in a dry state
from those of P. multijida, especially when the leaflets are reduced to 3 or 5 ; its nu-
merous forms have many names in Europe, Asia, and America.

ttt Leaves digitately 5-foliolate, or upper S-foliolate. (See also states of
24. P. multifida, 25. sericea, and 37. nivea).

26. P. desertorum, Bunge in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. ii. 257 ; Fl. Ross. ii. 53 ;
Ic. t. 337 ; erect, leafy, glandular hairy, radical leaves long-petioled 5-foliolate,
leaflets sessile membranous obovate coarsely crenate, cauline stipules large lan-
ceolate quite entire, flowers in capitate leafy heads, achenes very minute
wrinkled, styles short subterminal. Lehm. Revis. Potentil. 90.

Western Himalaya ; in the dry region of Kashmir and Kishtwar, alt. 7-9000 ft.,
Thomson, C. B. Clarke. — Distrib. Soongaria.

All parts covered with soft spreading often glandular hairs. Stems tufted on a
woody rootstock, soft, erect or ascending. Radical leaves 4-8 in. ; leaflets 1-2 in.,
entire towards the cuneate base, nerves slender, green on both surfaces ; petiole
slender, 2-6 in. ; cauline leaves short-petioled or sessile, 3-foliolate ; stipules ^-f in.
Flowers £-f in. diam., sunk amongst the uppermost leaves ; peduncle elongating in
fruit, strict and stout. Calyx large, \ in. long; lobes lanceolate, acute; bracte-
oles entire or 3-fid. Petals orbicular-obovate, dark yellow, not much exceeding the
calyx. Achenes very numerous, on a globose villous receptacle. P. Kotschyana,
Fenzl, of Cilicia, &c, seems to me to be this plant.

27. P. nepalensis, Hook. Exot. Flor. ii. t. 88 ; more or less clothed
with long soft spreading hairs, stem leafy branched, leaves long-petioled 5-folio-
late, leaflets obovate or elliptic-obovate acute or obtuse coarsely serrate green,
flowers pedicelled in dichotomous panicles, petals obcordate purple, achenes mi-
nute wrinkled. Wall. Cat. 1027 ; Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 91. P. bifurcata,

Wall. MSS. P. formosa, Don Prodr. 232; Sweet Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 136.
P. colorata, Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1820. P. coccinea, Hoffm. Brief,
aus Ind. ii. App. 511. (Engl, edit.) P. Gulielmi Waldmeri, Klotzsch in Reis.
Pr. Waldem. Bot. t. 13.

"Western temperate Himalaya, alt. 5-9000 ft., from Mtjrree to Kttmaon.

Stems erect, from a woody rootstock, 1-3-flowered, stout or slender, from densely
villous to glabrate. Radical leaves 12 by 3 in. ; leaflets sessile, 1-3 by \-l\ in.,
membranous, rarely acute, teeth obtuse or acute ; base entire, cuneate ; petiole
slender; cauline stipules f-1 in., ovate or oblong, lower entire, upper lobed. Flowers
§-1 in. diam ; fruiting pedicels sometimes 3 in., divaricate. Calyx-lobes acute ; brac-
teoles obtuse. Achenes very numerous, on a globose hairy receptacle. — In English
gardens this species has been long cultivated and much hybridized.

28. P. kashmirica, Hook.f. ; erect, leafy, clothed with spreading hairs,
leaves short-petioled 5-foliolate, leaflets obovate-oblong very coarsely serrate
lateral lobes softly hairy on both surfaces, flowers in large wide-spreading dicho-
tomous cymes, petals obcordate yellow, achenes deeply wrinkled, style short sub-
terminal.

Kashmir at Nowgunge, alt. 7500 ft., C. B. Clarke.

Stem a foot high, rather slender ; hairs soft, flexuous. Leaves 2-3 in. ; leaflets
l-l£ in., sessile, th« lateral much shorter and broader, all cut \ way down into sub-
acute lobes or serratures, paler and almost silky beneath ; petiole 1-2 in. ; stipules
lanceolate, acute. Inflorescence 6 in. diam., repeatedly forked and more corymbose
than panicled, many-flowered. Flowers ^ in. diam. ; pedicels slender. Calyx silky ;
lobes ovate, acuminate ; bracteoles obtuse. Petals about § larger than the calyx.
Achenes many, on a globose hairy receptacle. — A very distinct plant, allied to P. nepa-

aa2

356 li. kosace^:. (J. D. Hooker.) [Potentilla.

lensis ; distinguished by the shorter petioles, very deeply serrate shorter leaflets the
lateral of which are lobed on the lower margin, by the yellow flowers and strongly
wrinkled achenes ; the broad corymbose inflorescence further distinguishes it from both
P. nepalensis and desertorum. Its nearest ally is the European P. kirta, L. which has
much larger flowers and achenes.

29. P. arg"entea, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 714 ; hoary with ap-
pressed white tomentum, stems leafy, leaflets 5 oblanceolate pinnatifidly cut
into broad subacute teeth, base entire cuneate, flowers very numerous subco-
rymbose, pedicels slender, petals yellow, achenes minute smooth, style subter-
minal.

Kashmir, Jacquemont ; Pir Punjal, Stewart ; Alibad, 8,000 ft., C. B. Clarice. —
Distrib. Soongaria, N. Asia, Asia Minor westward to the Atlantic.

Stems many from the root, 6-10 in., erect or ascending. Leaflets l-l£ in., ses-
sile, rather stiff, lobes pointing upwards, margins slightly recurved, glabrous above ;
petiole 1-2 in. ; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, entire. Inflorescence broad, much di-
tri-chotomously branched, leafy. Flowers A in. diam. ; pedicels |-l£ in. Calyx
densely tomentose ; lobes acute ; bracteoles entire. Petals rather exceeding the calyx,
obovate. Achenes on a villous elevated receptacle.

30. P. reptans, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 723 i glabrous, sparsely
hairy, stolons long slender rooting, leaflets 5 obovate or oblanceolate crenate-
serrate, peduncles axillary solitary naked 1-flowered, achenes many smooth,
styles subterminal.

Kashmir, Falconer, Jacquemont, Thomson. — Distrib. Siberia, Affghanistan west-
ward to Abyssinia and in Europe to the Atlantic, N. China, Japan.

Rootstock woody ; runners 1-2 ft., slender, leafy at the nodes. Leaflets 1-2 in.,
membranous, somewhat pedate, sometimes petiolulate ; petiole 1-6 in., slender ; sti-
pules small, oblong, entire. Peduncle 1-4 in., erect. Flowers ^-f in. diam. Calyx-
lobes broad or narrow, acute; bracteoles ovate, entire. Petals obcordate, yellow.
Achenes dark brown.

Var. minor ; leaflets g- in. rigid obovate quite glabrous.

Var. ? trifoliolata ; pubescent, leaflets 3 obovate sparingly silky beneath. Kash-
mir valley, Thomson. — Probably a different species.

31. P. pteropoda, Boyle Til. 207, t. 40, f. 2 ; silkily hairy, leaves long-
petioled fan-shaped in outline, leaflets 5 cuneate-oblong toothed at the tip, sti-
pules very long adnate to and almost equalling the petiole, stems 1- few-
flowered, petals large, carpels ovoid. Lehm. Bevis. Potentill. 157.

Mountains surrounding Kashmir, Boyle 1. c.

This is the only described Indian Potentilla of which I have not seen a specimen.
The above character is extracted from Royle's, to which the plate enables me to add
that the flowering stems equal or rather exceed the leaves, and that the petals are
obcordate and twice as large in the acute sepals. The drawing represents a plant
with very much the habit of P. curviseta, but far more robust, with 3-5 much broader
leaflets, that have rounded 5-7-toothed tips.

ftt Leaves digitately 3-foliolate (see also 30. P. reptans, var. ? trifoliolata,
states of '24. P. sericea and 23. multifida).

32. P. arg-yrophylla, Wall. Cat. 1020 ; tall, leafy, clothed with white
silky hairs rarely with opaque tomentum, leaflets 3 elliptic-ovate -oblong -orbi-
cular or obovate acutely toothed white beneath, nerves prominent, flowers many
in panicled cymes usually long-pedicelled, petals large red purple or yellow,
achenes smooth on a densely villous receptacle, style subterminal.

\

Potentilla.'] Li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 357

"Western and Central Himalaya, from Kashmir, alt. 8-13,000 ft. toNiPAL.

Rootstock very stout ; stem 2-3 ft., finely pubescent. Leaflets 2-3 in., sessile or
petiolulate, green, glabrous or finely silky above, dirty white beneath ; nerves not very
prominent, teeth acute; petiole 3-6 in. ; caul ine stipules ovate-oblong, acute. Flowers
%-\\ in. diam. ; pedicels sometimes 2 in., and very slender. Calyx silky, lobes acu-
minate ; bracteoles elliptic-oblong, obtuse acute or acuminate. Petals obcordate-cuneate,
varying from red-purple to almost brown-purple. Stamens about 20, dark purple.
Achenes very numerous ; styles long.

Except in the colour of the petals I can find no difference between P. atrosanguinea
and P. argyrophylla, and I am hence compelled to unite them ; in so doing I retain
the name of argyrophylla from its representing a character known to both forms.

Var. argyrophylla proper ; flowers yellow. P. argyrophylla, Wall.; Lehm. Monogr.
Potentill. Suppl. t. 9 ; Revis. Potentill. 151. P. Jacquemontiana, Canbess. in Jacq. Voy.
Bot. hi, t. 63. P. insignis, Roi/le MSS. ; Lindley in Bot. Reg., 1841, t. 37.— I have
not seen the quinate leaflets which according to Lindley occasionally occur, nor the
broad 2-3-fid bracteoles mentioned by Lehman.

Var. atrosanguinea ; flowers red or purple. P. atrosanguinea, Lodd. Bot. Cab. viii.
t. 786 ; Don Prodr. 232 ; Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 150 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2689 ;
Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 124. P. Wallichiana, Govanin Wall. Cat. 1013.

Var. leucochroa ; much smaller, leaflets sometimes £ in. densely silky often on
both surfaces, flowering stems 1 -few-flowered, flowers yellow or red. P. leucochroa,
Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1019. P. Cautleyana, Royle III. 207, t. 40, f. 1. P. cataclines,
Lehm. PugiM. iii. 37; Monog. Potentill. Suppl.i. t. 10 ; Revis. Potentill. 150. P. vestita,
Klotzschin Reis. Pr. Waldem.Bot. t. 14.— Kashmir to Nipal,alt. 10-15,000 ft.— Leh-
man (Revis. 171) includes Lindl ey's leucochroa under the American P. villosa, which
differs totally in the short style and glabrous receptacle.

33. P. g-elida, C. A. Meyer; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 59; sparsely pubes-
cent or silky or glandular, leaflets 3 small obovate or cuneate deeply crenate,
cauline few much reduced with broad-ovate large entire stipules, flowering stems
slender ascending, flowers on slender pedicels yellow, calyx-lobes acute longer
than the oblong obtuse bracteoles, achenes smooth, styles subterminal, Lehm.
Revis. Potentill. 154. P. grandinora and P. alpestris, Herb. Ind. Or. Hook.f.
$ T.

Western temperate Himalaya; from Kashmir to Kunawur and in "Western
Tibet, alt. 13-17,000 ft. — Distrib. N. Asia from the Caucasus to Dahuria.

Usually covered with soft spreading hairs, sometimes glandular, rarely somewhat
silky. Rootstock rarely large. Leaflets ^-f in. long, sessile or petiolulate, usually
entire for h or g upwards from the base, crenatures very large, sometimes only 4 or
5. and towards the very end of the leaflet, rather membranous, flat, nerves indistinct ;
petiole £-1, rarely 2 in. ; stipules of cauline leaves 5— | in. long, hoary. Flowers
\-\ in. diam., usually 1-4 on slender pedicels. Calyx pubescent or silky. Petals ob-
cordate. Achenes many on an elevated villous receptacle. — A very variable plant.
Some specimens of Mr. Clarke s from Karakoram, alt. 14,500 ft. are upwards of 2 feet
high, others from Kumaon are not as many inches and are quite glutinous. The broad
entire stipules and almost naked flowering stems are its best character. I do not see
how it is to be distinguished from the European P. grandiflora and Siberian P.fragi-
formis, Willd. (exclusive of the Japan plant so called by A. Gay).

34. P. doubjouneana, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 50, t. 61 ; sparsely
pubescent, leaflets 3 obovate-cuneate deeply toothed, cauline with obcuneate
toothed stipules, flowering stems ascending slender leafy, calyx-lobes acute
longer than the obcuneate 3-fid bracteoles, achenes smooth, style subterminal.
Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 157.

Kashmir, alt. 9-10,000 ft., Jacquemont, Thomson.

Very similar to P. gelida, but distinguished by the more leafy flowering stems,

358 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Potentilla.

the obcuneate cut stipules and trifid bracteoles. It appears to be a very scarce plant,
and I regret to find Thomson's specimens have been by me mixed in the distribution
with those of P. gelida, under the name of P. grandiflora.

35. P. monanthes, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1025 ; glandular or sparsely
pubescent, leaflets 3 broadly obcuneate coarsely crenate at the apex, cauline sti-
pules broad-ovate acute, flowering stems very many ascending leafy, flowers
sessile and pedicelled at the top of the stem, calyx-lobes broad "obtuse, bracteoles
orbicular-oblong, achenes minute smooth, style terminal. Lehm. Hems. Poten-
till. 175. P. cryptantha, Klotzsch in Reis. Pr. Waldem. Pot. t. 12.

Alpine Himalaya ; from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 10,000 to 15,000 ft.

Forming large spreading tufts of. leaves and stems 2-12 in. high from a rather
small rootstock, very variable in size. Leaves radical and cauline, all short petioled ;
leaflets £-§ in., rather soft, glandular-pubescent on both surfaces, crenatures rounded ;
petiole rarely 1 in. ; stipules ^— ^ in., rarely cut Flowers £-^ in. diam., axillary and
subterminal, shortly pedicelled. Calyx pubescent, hemispheric ; bracteoles often larger
than the lobes. Petals obovate-orbicular, not much exceeding the calyx, yellow.
Achenes exceedingly numerous and minute, on a globose villous receptacle. — The
rounded tips of the sepals and bracteoles are good characters of this species. The
Potentilla 26 of Strachey and Winterbottom from 12,000 ft. in Kumaon is, I think, a
minute state.

Vab. sibthorpioides ; much smaller, stems filiform prostrate, leaflets %-\ in. broader,
flowers \ in. diam., calyx-lobes and bracteoles narrower. — Lachen valley, Sikkim, alt.
11-13,000 ft., J.J). H.

36. P. cur vis eta, Hook. f. : iigid, thinly silky, leaflets 3 narrowly
linear-cuneate truncate and trifid at the tip, stipules forming a narrow wing to
the petiole for half its length, flowering stems slender, pedicels filiform decurved,
achenes 5-6 hairy, style terminal.

Kashmir ; at Tilail, alt. 12,000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

Whole plant rigidly elastic when dry. Bootstock slender, crowned with stiff re-
curved almost woody leaf bases. Leaves few, 2-3 in. long; leaflets £-1 by \-^ in.,
suberect, coriaceous, hairy on both surfaces, teeth acute, the lateral leaflets with some-
times an additional tooth on the outer margin ; petiole rigid, with a rather mem-
branous brown sheath formed by the stipules which above the base form a green
narrow margin along the petiole to its middle ; free parts of stipules small, subulate, en-
tire. Flowering stems 2-3 in., 2-3-flowered, slender, wiry, with opposite linear bracts
at the middle and a cut one at the giving off of the pedicels ; pedicels circinnately in-
curved after flowering, naked or with a bract at the middle. Calyx \ in. diam., silky ;
lobes lanceolate, acuminate, much larger than the oblong bracteoles. Stamens and
carpels about 20. Achenes few, large, obliquely ovoid ; receptacle flat, villous. — A
very remarkable species, allied to P. tridentata, L., P. Saxifraga, Ard., and P. alba, L.
The only Himalayan one with hairy carpels. Still more near to the P. pteropoda,
Royle, which has 3-5 much broader more toothed leaflets rounded at the tip, and ap-
parently larger flowers. I have seen no petals.

37. P. nivea, Linn. ; Boiss. Flor. Orient, ii. 725 ; dwarf, densely clothed
with white appressed tomentum, leaflets 3 rarely 5 small obovate acutely ser-
rate, flowering stem 1-3-flowered, calyx villous, petals obcordate, achenes several
smooth and faintly wrinkled, style terminal. Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 165. P.
caespitosa, Lehm. Add. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1849, 10 ; Revis. Potentill. 172,
t. 53. P. argyrophylla, var. prostrata, Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. f.fyT.

Western TiBETand drier Alpine regions of the whole Himalaya, alt. 10-17,000 ft.
— Distrib. Caucasus and westwards to the Alps, Arctic and cold regions of N. Europe,
Asia and America.

Pot&ntilla.] li, rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 359

A small high Alpine species, very difficult in some of its forms to distinguish from
dwarf states of P. multifida on the one hand, and but for the smaller flowers, from P.
leucochroa on the other, which again resembles closely P. argyrophylla of the Hima-
layas and P. villosa of Arctic America. — Rootsiock very stout and woody. Leaves 1-2 in. ;
leaflets £-1 in., sessile, very coriaceous, glabrous or silky above, snow-white beneath ;
petiole stout ; stipules ovate, acute, downy, entire or toothed. Stem with 1 (rarely
more) reduced leaf. Flowers £ in. diam., on stout peduncles. Calyx woolly ; lobes
acute ; bracteoles oblong, obtuse. Petals yellow, obcordate. Achenes few, pale, tumid,
on a densely woolly low receptacle.

** Root annual. . '

38. P. Kleiniana, Wight 8r Am. Prodr. 300 ; sparsely sillriLy hairy,
stems many from the root very slender prostrate leafy, leaves digitately 3-5-foli-
olate, leaflets 5 narrowly obovate or oblanceolate obtuse obtusely serrate, sti-
pules ^-lanceolate, flowers small in terminal panicled cymes, achenes minute
deeply wrinkled, stvle terminal. Wight. III. t. 85; Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 79.
P. Wallichiana, Wall. Cat. 1022; Lehm. Rev. Potentill. 80, t. 34, not of
DC. Prodr. P. gracilis, Wall. MSS. Duchesnea sundaica, Miq7 Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. part 1, 372, t. 6.

Temperate Himalaya from Kashmir, alt. 3-7000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 4-9000 ft. and
Bhotan. Khasia Mts., alt 4000 ft. Nilghiri Mts., alt 6-7000 ft. Ceylon, cen-
tral province, alt. 6-7000 ft. — Distrib. Yunan, Java, Japan.

Annual. ' Stems 3-24 in., flexuous. Leaflets \-1 in., variable in breadth, mem-
branous or rather coriaceous, entire towards the cuneate base, flat or complicate, be-
neath glabrous or with silky hairs on the nerves ; petiole very slender, 1-4 in. ;
stipules £ in., entire or toothed. Flowers \ in. diam., usually pedioelled, or in spread-
ing cymes. Calyx sparsely silky ; lobes entire ; bracteoles acute or obtuse. Petals
yellow, not much exceeding the calyx. Achenes in a globose head with a large glabrous
receptacle. — Leaflets very rarely 7, sometimes pedate.

39. P. supina, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 725 ; annual, hairy, stems
spreading leafy, leaves pinnate, leaflets 3-9 opposite and alternate oblong obtuse
lobulate or serrate, stipules ovate entire, pedicels axillary solitary, petals small,
achenes minute, stvles subterminal. Wight fy Am. Prodr. 300 ; Lehm. Revis.
Potentill. 193. P. cicutarisefolia, Willd. P. denticulata, Ser. ; Wall. Cat. 1029.
P. Heynii, Roth-, Wall. Cat. 1024. P. cana, Wall. MSS. P. ruthenia ?
Herb. Ham. P. amurensis, Maxim. P. obovata, Bertol. Piant. Nuov. Asiat. 8,
t. 4. Oomarumflavum, Roxb. Cat. Hart. Beng. 39 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 521.

Throughout the warmer parts of India, from Kashmir to Malacca and the Nil-
ghiri Hills ; ascending the Himalaya to 850') ft. in the north-west. Iskardo in
Western Tibet., alt. 7-8500 ft. — Distrib. Affghanistan and westward to the Atlan-
tic, N. Asia and N. Africa.

Stems very numerous from the root, 6-18 in., spreading, dichotomously branched,
prostrate or suberect, stout or slender. Leaves ^-3 in., flaccidly membranous ; leaflets
irregular in position form and cutting, usually obovate, often oblong or cuneate, ob-
tusely crenate incised or serrate ; petiole slender, ^-2 in. ; stipules very broad or nar-
row, flowers £-i in. diam.; pedicels £- ^ in., slender. Calyx-lobes obtuse or acute,
as are the bracteoles. Petals oblong, vellow, smaller than the calyx. Achenes very
many, minute, smooth or ridged ; receptacle globose, villous. — There are two extreme
forms of this common plant both found everywhere in Asia and in Africa, and many
intermediates ; it appears to be very rare in the Western Peninsula absent from Cey-
lon, which is remarkable for a tropical and subtropical annual that extends to Malacca.

Var. 1 ; stems excessively numerous from the root slender, flowers \ in. diam.,
achenes minute smooth. Plains of India.

360 li. rosaceje. (J. D. Hooker.) [Potentilla.

Var. 2 ; stems more robust more dichotomously branched, flowers £ in. diam.,
achenes larger ribbed. Kashmir.

DOUBTFUL AND UNDETERMINABLE SPECIES.

Potentilla sp. from Shillong, Khasia Mts., alt. 5,000 ft., C. B. Clarke ; perennial,
sparsely hairy, leaflets 3 sessile £-1 \ in. elliptic-ovate or obovate acutely toothed hairy
beneath less so above, cauline stipules small cut, flowering stem inclined or prostrate
slender 2-3-leaved, cymes corymbose rusty tomentose leafy flowers § in. diam., calyx-
lobes lanceolate acute, bracteoles elliptic obtuse, petals obcordate twice as long as the
calyx, carpels many.

Potentilla Candolleana, Boyle Ml. 203, name only.

Potentilla Atropos and pteropoda are names given without description or in-
dication of affinity in Hofmeister's travels, and are no doubt described Himalayan
plants.

12. CHAMJERHODOS, Bunge.

Herbs with a woody rootstock, and ascending or erect leafy stems. Leaves
alternate, divided ; stipules membranous, adnate to the petiole. Flowers small,
5-merous, in branched cymes. Calyx persistent, tube ebracteolate ; lobes erect,
valvate. Petals 5, equalling or exceeding the calyx. Stamens 5, opposite the
calyx-lobes, short. Disk lining the base of the calyx ; its margins free, bristly.
Carpels 5, 10, or more, sessile in the base of the calyx ; style basilar, deciduous ;
ovule 1, ascending. Achenes few or many, dry, glabrous. — Distrib. Mountains
of Northern Asia and N. America ; species 4 or 5.

l.C. sabulosa, Bunge ; Ledeb. Flor. Ross. ii. 35 ; Ic. t. 257 ; tufted, glan-
dular and villous ; leaves 3-partite, segments narrow lobed obtuse.

"Western Tibet, alt. 12-15,000 ft. — Distrib. Altai Mts.

Bootstock short, with many densely tufted short heads. Stems 2-4 in., slender,
erect or ascending, branched, naked or leafy. Leaves with the slender petiole £ in.
Flowers £ in. diam., yellow. Achenes smooth, ovoid, narrowed upwards.

13. ALCHSMILLA, Linn. Lady's mantle.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves orbicular, lobed or deeply divided ; sti-
pules adnate to the petiole. Floivers minute, in lax or crowded corymbose cymes.
Calyx urceolate, persistent, 4-5-bracteolate ; lobes 4-5, valvate in bud. Petals
0. Stamens 1-4, inserted on the mouth of the calyx. Disk coating the calyx-
tube, and all but closing its mouth by its thickened margin. Carpels 1-5, basal
in the calyx-tube ; style basal or ventral ; ovule 1, basal. Achenes 1-4, enclosed
in the membranous calyx-tube. — Distrib. Natives chiefly of the American
Andes ; a few are European, N. Indian, and American ; species 30.

1. A. vulgaris, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 729 ; leaves plaited orbicu-
lar-cordate 7-9-lobed toothed, stipules confluent into a funnel-shaped tube with
short broad spreading toothed lips.

Kashmir, alt. 8-9000 ft., Falconer, Stewart, C. B. Clarke — Distrib. Persia and
westward to the Atlantic, N. Europe and Asia, Greenland and Labrador.

More or less clothed with silky hairs. Bootstock perennial, creeping. Stems
6-18 in., ascending, simple. Badical leaves 2-3 in. diam., basal lobes overlapping;
petiole 6-18 in. ; stipules usually spreading out like a fan. Cymes glabrous, irregu-
larly racemed or panicled. Flowers £ in. diam., yellow-green : pedicel very short.
Achenes 1-2.

Alchemilla.'] Lf. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 361

2. A. indica, Gard. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. viii. 8; villous with soft
long spreading hairs, leaves orbicular-cordate 5-7-lobed minutely toothed, sti-
pules confluent in a cylindric tube with oblong entire or toothed acute lips. A
vulgaris, Wight Ic. t. 229. A. vulgaris var. sarmentosa, Thwaites JEnum. 102. A.
ceylanica, Moon Cat. PL Ceyl. 37.

Nilghiri Mts., Wight &c. Ceylon ; Central Province, alt. 5-7000 ft.

Rootstsck creeping, woody. Stems prostrate, stout, leafy. Leaves 1-2 in. diam.,
glabrous or silky above, margins silky, coriaceous, basal lobes overlapping or not;
petiole 1-10 in.; stipules £-1 in., the free portion membranous, erect or spreading,
ciliate. Cymes globose, dense-flowered, on slender axillary peduncles 1-2 in. long.
Calyx villous, ^ in. long or less.

Var. sibthorpioides ; very slender, leaves £-§ in. diam., cymes panicled. — Ceylon,
Gardner.

14. AGRI9XONXA, Linn. Agrimony.

Slender erect leafy perennial herbs. Leaves interruptedly pinnate ; leaflets
coarsely serrate ; stipules partially adnate to the petiole. Flowers small, yellow,
in terminal spikelike racemes, 2-bracteolate ; pedicels bracteate at the base. Ca-
lyx persistent ; tube turbinate, spinous; mouth contracted; lobes 5, triangular,
imbricate. Petals 5. Stamens 5-10 or more, inserted at the mouth of the
calyx. Disk lining the calyx-tube, its margin thickened. Carpels 2, included in
the calyx-tube ; styles exserted, stigma 2-lobed ; ovule 1, pendulous. Fruit pen-
dulous, of 1 or 2 achenes enclosed in the hardened spinous calyx. — Distrib.
N. temp, regions, and S. America ; species 8.

1. A. Eupatorium, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 727 ; hairy or villous,
leaflets elliptic-ovate or lanceolate acute obtuse or acuminate, coarsely obtusely
serrate, bracts slender, calyx-tube villous deeply grooved, outer spines spread-
ing. A. lanata, Wall. Cat. 709 ; Wallroth Beitrdg. Bot. 1. 54, t. 1, f. 9. A.
nepalensis, Don Prodr. 229 ; Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 55, t. 68.

Temperate Himalayas, from Murree and Kashmir, alt. 3-10,000 to Sikkim, alt.
7-10,000 ft. Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft. Mishmi Hills, Griffith.— Distrib. West-
wards from Persia to the Atlantic, Siberia and Java, N. America, Java ?

Rootstock woody, short or long. Leaves 3-7 in.; leaflets 6-21, sessile, alternate
often small, hairy on both surfaces ; larger 1-3 in., elliptic-ovate or -obovate rarely
orbicular; smaller often orbicular and minute; petiole slender; stipules large, leafy,
^-lunate, entire or toothed. Racemes slender, lengthening in fruit; pedicels reflexed
m fruit; bracts 3-fid or 3-partite. Flowers ^ in. diam. Petals oblong-obovate, yellow.
'Calyx-tube ± in., hardened in fruit, grooved, lobes conniving in fruit; top of tube with
a deuse ring of spines which become hooked in fruit and are erect with the outer
spreading. — I am quite unable to correlate the India form of this plant with the
characters given for the European species so called ; all are more or less glandular
and have a deeply furrowed calyx -tube and a horizontal rootstock. — A. javanica, Miq.
seems not different as far as a single specimen enables me to judge.

2. A. pilosa, Ledeb. ; Fl. Boss. ii. 32 ; sparsely hairy, leaflets elliptic-ovate
-obovate or -lanceolate obtuse or acute coarsely obtusely serrate, bracts slender,
calyx-tube almost glabrous deeplv grooved spines all erect. A. viscid ula, Bunge
Mem. Sav. Mr. St. Peter sb. ii. 100, ex Walp. Rep. ii. 41.

Kashmir to Kunawur, alt. 6-8000 ft., Thomson, C. B. Clarke.— Distrib. Eussia
to Manchuria, China and Japan.

Very similar to A. Eupatorium, but more glabrous than its Indian forms, and calyx
almost glabrous with erect spines. — I do not see how A. viseidula differs.

362 lt. rosace je. (J. D. Hooker.) [Agrimonia.

3. A. zeylanica, Moon Cat. 37 ; villous with long spreading hairs, leaf-
lets nearly orbicular coarsely obtusely toothed, lower bracts broad leafy, calyx-
tube villous deeply grooved, spines spreading. A. Eupatorium, Thwaites Enum.
102; Wight Ic. t. 224.

Ceylon, central province, at an elevation of 5-7000 ft.

I keep up this species with great hesitation, suspecting it to be only a tropical
form of A. Eupatorium, and there being ^approaches to it amongst the Sikkim and Khasia
specimens of that plant ; it is however far more unlike than these to any European
form in the villous pubescence, short leaves and tounded leaflets. It is further re-
markable that neither this nor any other Agrimonia should be found in the Western
Peninsular mountains of the Indian continent.

15. FOTERIUM, Linn.

Erect perennial herbs. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets stalked ; stipules adnate to
the sheathing petiole. Flowers small, subsessile, in dense long-peduncled heads
or centrifugal spikes, bracteate, 2-bracteolate, often polygamous. Calyx-tube
persistent, turbinate, mouth contracted : lobes 4, petaloid, deciduous, imbricate.
Petals 0. Stamens 4 or more, inserted at the mouth of the calyx, filaments
slender pendulous. Disk lining the calyx-tube and closing its mouth. Carpels
1-3, enclosed in the calyx-tube ; styles filiform, stigma penicillate ; ovule 1 ,
pendulous. Achenes solitary, enclosed in the hardened 4-angled often winged or
muricate calyx-tube. — Disteib. N. temp, regions ; species 20.

* Carpels solitary.

1. P. filiforme, Ilook.f. ; glabrous, very small and slender, leaflets sessile
ovate-orbicular or -cuneate deeply toothed, peduncle subradical very long and
slender, heads globose .white, stamens 6.

Sikkim Himalaya ; in marshy ground, Lachen valleys, alt. 11,500 ft., J. D. H.

A small and very delicate plant quite unlike its congeners in habit ; the stems be-
ing short and the heads on very long 6-8 in. filiform peduncles, each with a minute
reduced leaf and bud about the middle. Stems tufted, ascending. Leaves 1-3 in. ;
leaflets 3-5 pair, \iu. broad. Heads \~ in. diam., quite white ; bracts orbicular or
oblong, membranous, glabrous ; flowers monoecious. Calyx-tube ellipsoid. Style very
slender, stigma capitate.

2. P. di an drum, Wall. Cat. 710 (Sanguisorba) ; tall, quite glabrous,
leaflets petiolulate oblong-cordate crenate-toothed, heads globose, stamens 2, fruit
oblong deeply 4- winged.

Temperate Central and Eastern Himalaya; Nipal, Wallich. Sikkim, alt.
10-13,000 ft., J. D. H.

Stem erect, 2-3 ft., branched above. Leaves 6-10 in. ; leaflets £-1 in., opposite
or alternate, membranous, often complicate when dry, crenatures or teeth variable,
acute or obtuse. Heads ^-| in. diam., on slender erect axillary peduncles ; bracteoles
oblong, fimbriate. Flowers dark-purple, hermaphrodite (polygamous ?). Calyx-tube
ellipsoid, 4-gonous, glabrous ; segments orbicular, concave, 3 -nerved. Style short,
stigma large plumose. Fruit pendulous, \ in. long, smooth between the undulate
wings.

3. P. indicum, Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. viii. 10 ; tall, base of
stem and petioles clothed with rusty hairs, leaflets petiolulate orbicular or cor-
date-ovate with few large teeth, heads globose, fruit trapezoid. Thwaites
Enum. 102.

Poterium.] li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 363

Ceylon, Sir J. G. McKenzie ; Adam's Peak, Alwis.

Very similar to P. diandrum in stature, habit, foliage, &c, but leaflets with fewer
teeth, petiole and midrib of leaflets underneath with flexuous hairs ; bracteoles orbi-
cular, clawed, ciliate ; calyx segments slightly hairy or scabrid on the back ; fruit
^ in., trapezoid, with short wings and a bony endocarp. The flowers are probably
polygamous ; I find 12 imperfect ones in one bud, and fewer perfect, but my mate-
rials are very insufficient. — This is a very little known plant, the only specimen I have
seen is Sir J. McKenzie's (in Herb. Benth.). Gardner described it from some found
by Mr. Alwis. Dr. Thwaites says that he has searched for it in vain. Like Agri-
monia, the genus is unknown in the Indian "Western Peninsula.

4. P. long-ifolia, Bertol. Misc. Dec. xxii. 14, t. 1 (Sangttisorba) ; tall,
glabrous, leaflets petiolulate linear-oblong crenate with often accessory leaflets
at the base of the petiolules, heads cylindric, stamens 4, fruit short 4-winged.

Khasia Mts., alt. 5-6000 ft., Griffith, &c.

Rootstock creeping, stout. Stem 2-4 ft., strict, much branched above. Leaves
10-16 in. ; leaflets 1-3 in, rigid, base subcordate oblique, under surface reticulate;
petiole stiff, erect ; stipules very variable, of radical leaves subulate, of cauline folia-
ceous fan-shaped and toothed or produced and pinnate, tip rounded. Heads 1-2^ in.,
panicled, on slender stiff peduncles. Flowers purple, hermaphrodite; bracteoles ob-
long, fimbriate. Calyx-tube ellipsoid, 4-angled, compressed, pubescent, segments in
opposite pairs of which one is broader than the other, thick, and thickened towards
the tip which is notched with a mucro in the notch and 3-nerved, back with a few
hairs. Stamens with slender filaments. Style filiform, elongate, stigma capitate.
Fruit broader than long, ^ in. long, wings membranous.

** Carpels 2.

5. P. Sang uisorba, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 733 ; sparsely hairy,
leaflets petiolulate orbicular deeply toothed, heads globose, stamens about 20,
fruit trapezoid acute at both ends.

Wazubistan (N. W. of the Punjab), alt. 5-8000 ft., Stewart. — Distrib. Persia
and westward to the Atlantic, N. Asia.

Sterns suberect or ascending, leafy, with lax flaccid hairs. Leaves 3-6 in. ; leaflets
opposite or alternate, |-§ in., membranous, base rounded, petiolules very short ; pe-
tiole slender. Heads panicled. — I have seen flowering specimens only, which seem
not to differ in any particular from the European plant.

16. ROSA, Linn.

Erect, sarmentose or climbing shrubs, usually prickly. Leaves pinnate ;
leaflets serrate ; stipules adnate to the petiole. Flowers terminal, solitary or
corymbose, white yellow or red, bracts rarely persistent. Calyx-tube persistent,
globose ovoid or pitcher-shaped; mouth contracted; lobes leafy, imbricate in
bud. Petals 5, large. Stamens many, inserted on the disk. Disk coating the
calyx-tube, all but closing its mouth by its thickened margin, silky. Carpels
many, rarely few, in the bottom of the calyx-tube ; styles subterminal, free or
connate above, stigma thickened ; ovule 1, pendulous. Achenes coriaceous or
bony, enclosed in the fleshy calyx-tube. — Uistrib. N. temp, regions, rare in
America ; extending into Abyssinia, India, and Mexico ; species, about 30 very
distinct forms with innumerable subspecies and varieties. .

The following roses are so commonly cultivated by the natives of India, that I
think it right to give a synopsis of them taken from Brandis' " Forest Flora," 199.

364 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Rosa.

A. Styles distinct.

I. Bracteatje. Fruit and branchlets densely tomentose; prickles twin, mostly
infra-stipular ; flowers bracteate ; sepals deciduous.

1. R. Lyellii, (including R. involucratd). See below.

2. R. bracteata, Wendl. ; flowers large white, calyx-tube clothed ^ith prickles.
— The Macartney rose. China.

11. Eglanteria, Prickles some stout and some slender ; flowers yellow or red ;
sepals persistent.

3. R. Eglanteria, Mill. See below.

4. R. sulphurea, Ait. ; leaflets 7 whitish beneath, flowers large yellow double.
R. Rapini, Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 672. Asia Minor to Persia.

III. Gallics ; erect, prickles mixed with glandular bristles ; leaflets rugose ;
flowers rosy or purple ; sepals more or less pinnatifid.

.5. R. damascena, Mill. ; Wall. Cat. 684 ; pickles unequal, larger hooked, sepals
reflexed in flower. — The commonest Indian garden rose ;^ cultivated for Attar. Native
country unknown.

6. R. centifolia, Linn.;. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 513; prickles unequal large hooked,
bristles numerous, leaflets and calyx glandular-ciliate, flowers nodding. — The Cab-
bage, Moss, and Provence roses. — Caucasus and Assyria.

7. R. (tallica, Linn. ; prickles slender equal, flowers erect. — Europe, Asia
Minor.

IV. Canine:. Prickles uniform ; bristles 0 ; flowers purple red, rosy or white.

8. R. indica, Linn. ; Wall. Cat. 85, 685 ; evergreen, glabrous, stipules very nar-
r< >w adnate almost to the top, flowers large on long pedicels rarely single, sepals re-
laxed. R. chinensis, Jaca. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 513. R. sinica, Linn. R. fragrans,
RedoutS ; R. semperflorens, Bot. Mag. t. 284 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 514 ; Wall. Cat. 686.—
The Indian, China, Bengal and Tea roses, and hybrid perpetuals belong here. China.

9. R. microphylla, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 919 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 515 ; Bot. Mag. t.
3490 ; Wall. Cat. 692 ; branchlets flexuous, prickles infra-stipular, leaflets 9-15 small,
scape densely prickly, sepals short broad-toothed, flowers large double rosy. — China.

10. R. alba, Linn.; leaflets 5-7 large grey rugose downy and pale beneath,
flowers large white pale or blush double, sepals often pinnatifid. R. glandulifera,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 514. — Caucasus, Affghanistan ?

V. Banksians:. Climbing ; stipules small, often deciduous ; flowers rather small,
corymbose.

1 1 . R. Banxsle, Br. ; unarmed, leaflets 3 or 5 shining, flowers white or yellow.
Bot. Mag. t. 1954; Bot. Reg. t. 1105. R. inermis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 516.— China,
Japan.

12. R. microcarpa, Lindl. ; prickles hooked, leaflets usually 3 shining, flowers
white, sepals deciduous, fruit small globose red. — China.

13. R. sinica, Ait. ;Bot. Mag. t. 2847; Bot. Reg. t. 1922; Wall. Cat. 694;
prickles red hooked, leaflets 3 shining, flowers solitary large white, peduncles and
calyx clothed with straight prickles, fruit muricate crowned with the spreading sepals.
R. triphylla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 515. — China, Japan.

14. R. Fortuneana, Lindl. ; prickles small hooked, leaflets 3 or 5 dark shining,
flowers solitary white double, peduncles short bristly, calyx naked and glabrous. —
China.

B. Styles united in a column ; flowers corymbose ; prickles uniform.

15. R. moschata. See below.

16. R. sempervirens. See below.

17. R. mtjltiflora, Thunb. ; Bot. Mag. t. 1059; Bot. Reg. t. 425 ; stipules and
bracts pectinate ; flowers double rosy ; petioles and inflorescence with long soft hairs
and no glands ; sepals broad ovate. — Japan, China.

Rosa."] li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 365

Sect. I. Styles distinct.
* Sepals deciduous in fruit

1. R. involucrata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 38 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 513 ; branchlets
and inflorescence densely tomentose, prickles straight, flowers shortly pedicelled,
bracts large lanceolate, calyx-tube unarmed. Don Prodr. 235 ; Bot. Reg. t.
739 ; Wight Ic. t. 234 ; Kurz For. Flor. Brit. Burin, i. 440 ; Wall. Cat. 696 ;
Crepin. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xiv. 140. R. Lyellii, Lindl. Monogr. Ros. 12,
t. 1 ; Crepin I. c. 143. R. Lindleyana, Tratinik Ros. i. 190. R. palustris, Buch.
MSS. R. niultiflora,, Herb. Ham.

By the sides of streams of the G-angetic Plain. "Westward to Mt. Aboo in Mar-
war and eastward to Birma and along the lower Himalaya from Kumaon eastwards.
Mysore, Munro.

A stout bush, erect or with arching subscandent branches ; prickles often in sti-
pular pairs, compressed. Leaves 3—4 in. ; leaflets 3-4 pair, 1J in. and less, elliptic or
oblong, acute or acuminate, finely serrate, shining above, glabrous on both surfaces or
tomentose on the under ; stipules small laciniate. Flowers 2-3 in. diam , white, fra-
grant, solitary or in short corymbs, rarely axillary and longer pedicelled ; peduncles
and pedicels sometimes with glandular hairs ; bracts more or less glandular- serrate,
especially below. Calyx-tube obovoid ; lobes caudate-acuminate, quite entire, decidu-
ous. Petals retuse. Fruit globose, densely tomentose ; mass of stigmas discoid, ex-
serted ; achenes very many, £ in. long. pale. — Except that one is described as scandent
I cannon distinguish R. involucrata from R. Lyellii. It is the common rose of the
Bengal plains and foot of the Himalaya and the only really tropicnl species of India.
Lindley's varieties burmana, parvifolia, glabra, and acutifolia (in Wall. Herb.) explain
themselves. Wallich's specimen of involucrata var. glabra is stated to come from
the mountains of Pundua on the confines of Sylhet, i. e. the Khasia Mts., which I
greatly doubt, for I found it in the Jheels only of Sylhet; and Blinkworth's habitat
of the Alps of Sirinuggur probably applies to the Dheyra dhoon. Wallich who pro-
cured R. Lyellii in Nipal describes it as a large climber in woods, possibly confounding
it with R. moschata. Crepin hazards the conjecture that Lyellii is a hybrid between
involucrata and moschata, and regards it as a very doubtful plant, under which cir-
cumstances I have retained Roxburgh's name of involucrata, which first appeared in
his "Cat. Hort. Bot. Calc." in 1814.

2. R. anserinaefolia, Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 677; tall, subscandent,
prickles hooked, bristles C, leaflets broadly elliptic obtuse simply serrate and pe-
tioles pubescent beneath or on both surfaces, flowers in few- or many-flowered
corymbs shortly pedicelled white, fruit very small globose.

Wuzuristan ; alt. 5,000 ft., Br. Stewart. — Distrib. Affghanistan and Belu-
chistan.

This is a common wild and cultivated Affghan rose, ascending to 10,000 ft., of
which Griffith gathered many specimens, and which no doubt extends within the
British frontier, though the nearest hitherto detected habitat is that given above,
whence the specimens have very small folinge and flowers. — A shrub often 10 ft. ;
branches with tew or many unequal stout compressed prickles often in pairs ; branch-
lets leaves beneath petioles and calyx covered usually with a rather furfuraceous
pubescence mixed on the petioles and calyx with minute prickles and glands. Leaves
1-3 in. ; leaflets \-% in., rarely glabrous above, sessile, nerves beneath indistinct; pe-
tiole slender; stipules broad, with glandular ovate free portion. Flowers from soli-
ttry to many in a short crowded corymb, f-l£ in. diam., fragrant; pedicels short,
glabrous or pubescent ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, densely glandular. Calyx tube glo-
bcse, usually smooth and glabrous ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, to-
msntose, deciduous ; tips pubescent, sometimes dilated. Fruit smooth, \ in. diam. ;
head of stigmas very large ; achenes £-£ in. long. — The above description is of the
oxlinary state of the plant. Stewart's specimens have more obovate green leaflets
|in. long, faintly puberulous beneath, and solitary flowers barely 1 in. diam.

366 n. eosace^;. (J. D. Hooker.) [Rosa.

** Sepals persistent in fruit.

3. XI. macrophylla, Lindl. Monogr. Ros. 35, t. 6 ; prickles straight or
0, glandular and pubescent or not, leaflets elliptic-ovate acuminate or -cute
finely serrate, bracts large, flowers solitary or corymbose red, sepals very long
tips filiform often dilated and serrate. Brandis For. Flor. 203 ; Wall. Plant.
As. Rar. ii. 19, t. 117 ; Cat. 690 ; Don Prodr. 235 ; Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot.
Belg. xiii. £84, xiv. 167. R Hoffmeisteri and Gulielmi Waldemarii, Klotzsch
in Reis. Pr. Waldem. Bot. 153, t. 7, 8. R. Hookeriana, Bertol. Misc. Bot.
xxiv. 14, t. 1.

Temperate Himalaya, from Murrbe, alt. 3500-10,000 ft. to Sikkjm, alt.
8-10,000 ft,— Distrib. China.

Erect ; prickles straight or slightly curved, with broad dilated bases. Leaves
2-8 in. ; leaflets £-2 in., usually pubescent beneath, base acute rarely rounded ; pe-
tiole pubescent ; stipules large, broad, spreading. Flowers l-3£in. diam., bright red,
peduncles pedicels and calyx usually very bristly and glandular ; bracts foliaceous,
oblong or lanceolate, glandular on the margin. Calyx-tube £-1 £ in. ; lobes 1-2 in.,
persistent. Petals broadly obcordate. Fruit sometimes 2 in. long ; styles hairy, ex-
serted ; achenes large, often | in. long, few or many.

Var. minor, Lindl. I.e. ; leaflets \ in. often obtuse, flowers \-\\ in. diam.

Var. Hookeriana ; nearly unarmed, leaves very pubescent, peduncles and calyx
hardly glandular. E. Hookeriana, Wall. Cat. 691, not of Bertol. R. torulosa, Wall.
MSS.

4. R. Eg lanteria, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 607 ; erect, branches with
straight prickles, branchlets prickly and bristly or naked pubescent, rarely gla-
brous, leaflets deeply doubly-glandular-serrate, hairy and glandular beneath,
flowers frw yellow, calyx-tube hemispheric or globose. R. lutea, Mill. ; Boiss.
Flor. Orient, ii. 671 ; Bot. Mag. t. 363 ; Brandis For. Flor. 201. R. bicolor,
Jacq. Hort. Find. i. t. 1. (The Austrian rose.)

Drier parts of the inner Himalaya, from Kisutwar westward and in Western
Tibet, alt. 8-11,000 ft.— Distrib. Affghanistan and westward to Asia Minor, and
northward to Siberia.

A small bush, very leafy ; prickles slender, much compressed, pale. Leaves
1^-3 in., leaflets 2-4 pair, ^— | in. ; petiolulate, elliptic-obovate or orbicular, obtuse
or apiculate, rather membranous, glabrous or sparsely hairy above ; petiole pubes-
cent and glandular ; stipules broad, free portion half ovate, toothed. Flowers
2-2^ in. diam. ; pedicel often glabrous ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, glan-
dular. Calyx-tube glabrous, unarmed or prickly ; lobes long-acuminate, tomentose,
persistent, entire or with marginal laciniae ; tips usually dilated. Petals obcordate,
variable in depth of colour.

5. R. Webbiana. Wall. Cat. 683; erect, prickles pale, bristles 0,
leaflets oblong or orbicular, flowers subsolitary, calyx-tube usually glandular-
bristly, sepals exceeding the petals, fruit ovoid or globose. Royle III. 208,
t. 42; Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xiii. 274; Brandis For. Flor. 202.
R. unguicularis, Bertol. Misc. xxii. 35, t. 3. R. pimpinellifolia, Herb. Ind.
Or. Hook, f^ T.

Drier inner Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon and Western Tibet, alt.
5-13,500 ft. #1 J

Glabrous, or with pubescent petioles and leaves beneath ; glandular hairs 0 yr
confined to the inflorescence; prickles copious, £-§ in., straight or curved, with loig
bases, yellow. Leaves £-2 in. ; leaflets 2-5 pair, |-f in., rarely obovate, entire towar"
the usually rounded base, rarely pubescent ; stipules small. Flowers pink, 1-3
diam., usually solitary. Calyx globose or ovoid, often densely bristly, rarely qufy
smooth ; lobes caudate-acuminate, glandular, often with dilated tips, entire, persii

'Rosa.'] li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) • 367

tent. Petals obcordate. Fruit ovoid or globose, £-1 in. diam., glandular or glabrous
stigmas villous ; achenes many, £ in. long, pale. — Differs from B. pimpinellifolia in
the fewer leaflets, uniform prickles, pubescent longer sepals, and iruit not depressed.

6. R. sericea, Lindl. Monogr. Bos. 105, t. 12; suberect, prickles broad
compressed, bristly or not, leaflets acutely toothed towards the rounded tip silky
beneath, flowers solitary ebracteate white or pale straw-coloured, petals usually
4, fruit pyriform. Boyle HI. 208; Don Prodr. 236; Bot. Mag. t. 5200;
Brandts For. Flor. 202 ; Crepin in Bull. Bot. Soc. Belg. xiv. 151 ; Wall. Cat.
695. R. tetrapetala, Boyle III. 208, t. 42. R. WaUich-ii, Trattin. Bos. ii. 293.

Temperate Himalaya, from Kumaon 9-13,000 ft. to Sikkim, alt. 9-14,000 ft. and
Bhotan, alt. 5-10,000 ft. — Distbib. China, Yunan (form with leaves very hairy on
both surfaces).

Erect or subscandent ; branches perfectly glabrous and unarmed or prickly only, or
also loosely or densely bristly and glandular ; prickles ^-lf in., straight, brown.
Leaves 1-3 in., crowded ; leaflets 7-9, ^-1 in., usually oblong, obtuse with an excurrent
midrib, rarely villous on both surfaces ; stipules oblong, membranous, apiculate.
Flowers 2-2^- in. diam., on short lateral shoots, hence almost axillary ; peduncle and
calyx -tube bristly and glandular. Calyx-lobes pubescent, ovate-lanceolate, persistent.
Petals obcordate, rarely 5, white rarely pink or faintly yellowish. Bruit subglobose
or broadly pyriform, silky or glabrous ; achenes few, ^ in. long.

Sect. II. Styles united into a column which is exserted far beyond the calyx-
tube.

7. R. moschata, Mill. ; Brandis For. Flor. 201 ; climbing, prickles
recurved, leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate puberulous beneath, flowers many
in compound corvmbs white, sepals often pinnatifid, fruit small subglobose.
Wall. Cat. 688 ; Bot. Beg. t. 829, 861. ? R. recurva, Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 514.
R. Brunonii, Lindl. Monogr. Bos. 120, t. 14; Don Prodr. 236 ; Bot. Mag. t.
4030; Wall. Cat. 689 (Brunonis). R. Lindleyi, Herb. Wall. R. pubescens,
Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 514. R. glandulifera, Herb. Boxb.

Temperate Central and Westerif Himalaya, from Murree to Nipal, alt, 2-1 1,000 ft.
— Distrib. Affghanistan.

A tall climber ; prickles scattered, stout. Leaves 2-6 in. ; leaflets 2-4 pair,
1-3 in., acute or acuminate, serratures very numerous and acute, base rounded ; sti-
pules glandular, free part subulate. Inflorescence pubescent and usually glandular,
but not prickly or bristly, braces subulate. Flowers 1^-2 in. diam., very numerous ;
pedicels l-l£ in., slender. Calyx-tube small, obovoid ; lobes £ in., lanceolate, cau-
date-acuminate, entire or cut or pinnatifid, reflexed after flowering, deciduous. Petals
orbicular-obovate, yellowish-white. Fruit | in. diam., dark brown, glabrous ; styles
far exserted.

8. XI. long-icuspis, Bertol. Misc. Bot. xxi. 15, t. 3 ; climbing, prickles
scattered curved, leaves evergreen, leaflets glabrous shining ovate-lanceolate ser-
rate caudate-acuminate, petioles and inflorescence glandular and bristly, flowers
corymbose, petals tomentose externally, fruit subglobose. Crepin in Bull. Soc.
Bot. Belg. xiii. 256. R. sempervirens, L. ; Hook.f. fy Thorns. Herb. Ind. Or.

Khasia Mts., alt. 2-5000 ft. Mishmi Hills, Griffith.

A tall and often very strong climber, with a stout trunk. Leaves 3-6 in. ; leaf-
lets 2-3 pair, 2-3 in., petiolulate, firmly coriaceous, very sharply serrate, quite gla-
brous, base rounded ; petiole stout, often glandular and prickly ; stipules with ovate
or subulate free portions. Corymbs short, more or less glandular, sometimes with
minute prickles ; bracts large, lanceolate, caudate, glandular all over. Flowers 1± in.
diam. ; pedicels rather stout. Calyx-tube broadly obovoid ; lobes very large with
often ciliated toothed tips, sometimes with a few long teeth at the side. Petals obcor-

368 lt. rosace 2E. (J. D. Hooker.) [Rosa.

date, silkily tomentose externally. Fruit |-£ in. diam. ; styles far exserted ; achenes
£ in. — Crepin sums up the distinction between this and its very near ally 7?. semper-
virens. L., in the more coriaceous leaves with longer tips, the narrower stipules and
bracts, the more or less pubescent pedicels and calyx, the narrower sepals, longer buds,
and velvety back7of the petals. Of these all but the last character are excessively va-
riable, and I expect that the latter even may disappear. —There is a single specimen
of this in Herb. Wallich from the Khasia (Pundua) under No. 696.

9. It. Leschenaultiana, Wight 8r Am. Prodr. 301 ; climbing, prickles
scattered curved, leaves evergreen usually glandular beneath, leaflets elliptic-
ovate acute or acuminate serrate, petioles and inflorescence glandular-bristly,
flowers corymbose, petals at length glabrous, fruit subglobose. Wight Ic. t. 38 ;
Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bat. Belg. xxiii. 259. R. sempervirens var. Leschenaul-
tiana, Thory et Redoute Ros. iii. 87. R. sempervirens, Hook. f. 8f Thorns.
Herb. Ind. Or. R. Wallichii, Sabine in Wall. Cat. 687.

Western Peninsula ; Nilohiri and Pulnky Mts.

Very closely allied indeed to E. brevicuspis, and I believe only a variety of that
plant, itself too near sempervirens ; it differs in being more glandular, leaflets less
acuminate, larger sepals and petals, the latter of which are pubescent only before ex-
pansion. (

DOUBTFUL species.

E. Moorcroftii, Wall. Cat. 693 from Ladak in "Western Tibet. The specimen is
wanting in Herb. Linn. Soc, but is probably B. Eglantera.

K. Jacquemontii, Crep. MSS. — I have only a fruiting specimen of this, which is
quite insufficient for description. It is Jacquemont's No. 1170, p.

17. NEURADA, Linn.

An annual white woolly depressed branched herb. Leaves ovate, petioled,
lobed ; stipules minute. Floivers axillary, solitary. Calyx-tube flat, dilated, at
length conic spiny and forming with the ripe carpels an orbicular disk ; lobes 5,
triangular ; bracteoles 5, subulate. Petals 5, small. Stamens 10, inserted in the
contracted mouth of the calyx, filaments subulate. Carpels 10 in a whorl, spread-
ing; styles subulate, persistent; ovules solitary from the apex of the carpel.
Fruit a depressed cone, with spinous margins ; carpels 10, horizontal, dehiscing
above, styles spinescent. Seeds curved, germinating within the carpels. — Dis-
tkib. N. Africa, Arabia, Persia, Affghanistan.

1. N. procumbens, Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 735; Wight Ic. t.
1596 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 840.

Scinde, Stocks. Southern Punjab, Mooltan and Adunwhari hills.

Branches 5-10 in. Leaves £-f in., ovate, tomeritose on both surfaces. Flowers
\ in. diam., shortly pedicelled. Fruit |-| in. diam., under surface quite flat. The
orbicular fruit forms a persistent collar at the top of the root of the young plant.

17.* CVDONZA, Tourn.

Bushes with black bark. Leaves simple, quite entire ; stipules ovate, ob-
lique. Flowers large, solitary, white or pink, woolly ; bracts herbaceous, toothed.
Calyx-tube clavate ; lobes large, spreading, toothed. Petals 5, contorted in bud,
claw woolly or glabrous. Stamens 20. Ovary 5-celled ; styles 6, connate and

Gydonia.] li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 369

woolly below the middle ; ovules many in each cell, 2-seriate, ascending or
horizontal. Fruit subglobose, intruded at the base and apex, firm and fleshy,
fragrant, 5-celled, cells many-seeded. Seeds small, plano-convex, testa mucila-
ginous.— Distrib. S. of Europe and the East, China.

1. C. vulgaris, Pers.-, Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 656; Dene. Mem. Fam.
Pom. 128 ; Wall. Cat. 665. 0. Sumboshia, Ham. in Don Prodr. 237. Pyrus
Cydonia, Linn. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 511 ; Brand. For. Fl. 205. — The Quince.

Cultivated in !N. W. India, and up to 5500 ft. in the Himalaya. — Distbib. Na-
tive country unknown ; is self-sown in the East and in South Europe, &c. — Decaisne
refers the Quince of N. W. India to C. lusitanica, Mill, but it certainly in no way
differs from the common fruit of Europe.

18. DOCYNIA, Dene.

Small trees. Leaves deciduous, simple, lobed in young plants ; stipules-small,
subulate. Flmvers white, solitary or fascicled. Calyx-tube clavate ; limb shortly
tubular, 5-partite ; lobes reflexed, toothed. Petals 5, with long woolly claws,
imbricate in bud. Stamens 30-50. Ovary 5-celled ; styles 5-celled, connate
and woolly below the middle •, ovules 3, subbasilar in each cell. Fruit rounded
ovoid or pyriform, flesh hard ; cells 1-3-seeded ; endocarp like parchment. Seeds
plano-convex, testa coriaceous; cotyledons amygdaloid. — Distrib. Himalaya
and the Khasia Mts.

1. D. indica, Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 131, t. 14; leaves ovate or oblong-
lanceolate long-acuminate entire or serrulate glabrous above beneath densely
woolly at length glabrate, fruit almost globose. D. Griffithiana, Dene. I. c.
Pyrus indica, Wall. PI. As. Ear. ii. 56, t. 173 ; Roxb. Cat. Hort. Beng. 38 ;
Fl. Ind. ii. 511 ; Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 441. Cydonia indica, Spach,
Suite Buff. ii. 158 ; Wenzig in Linncea, 1874, 12.

Eastern temperate Himalaya ; Sikxim, alt. 4-6000 ft. J. B. H. Bhotan, alt.
7500 ft. Khasia Mts., alt. 6000 ft. Bibma, Kurz. — Distrib. Poneshee (Yunan).

A small tree, 12-15 ft., in a young state like a Crataegus, having 3-lobate lobulate
and sharply toothed leaves and often spinescent branches ; young parts of old plants
densely clothed with white woolly tomentum. Leaves 3-4 in., coriaceous, at length
quite glabrous^ with prominent arched nerves beneath, serratures chiefly beyond the
middle ; petiole slender, \-\ in. Flowers l-l£ in. diam., shortly pedicelled, densely
woolly. Calyx-tube pyriform ; lobes narrowly lanceolate. Petals spreading. Fila-
ments long, slender. Styles slender, united at the base into a woolly cone. Fruit a
nearly spherical yellow green apple, with orange spots, l-l£ in. diam., and rather
longer, rounded at the base and crowned with the broken sepals, usually 5-celled ;
cells 3-seeded ; seeds quite like those of apple — it is rather austere with a slight
quince flavour and forms a good stew. — B. (xriffithiana from Bhotan is only B'. indica.

2. D. Hookeriana, Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 131, t. 15 ; leaves oblong
or linear-lanceolate long-acuminate serrate, fruit between fusiform and ellipsoid
contracted below the sepals.

Khasia Mts., alt. 5000 ft., at Myrong, J. B. H. $ T. T.

Very closely allied to B. indica, but the leaves are larger (4-5 in.) and narrower
in proportion, and the fruit is of a wholly different shape and not half as long as
broad. I have only fruiting specimens ; these show no trace of woolliness, but no
doubt in a younger state the branches and leaves are as woolly as those of B.
indica.

VOL. n. B B

370 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Friobotrya.

19. ERXOBOTEYA, Lindl.

Small or large trees. Leaves simple, entire or serrate, very coriaceous;
stipules lanceolate or broad. Floivers in thyrsoid panicles, white. Calyx-
tube turbinate obconic or clavate ; lobes small, erect or spreading, persistent.
Petals 5, contorted or imbricate in bud, obovate or orbicular, usually ob-
lique and notched, margins sinuate, claw glabrous or woolly. Ovary 2-5-celled ;
styles 5, connate and woolly below ; ovules 2 in each cell, basal, ascending, pla-
centa sometimes cupuliform. Fruit a succulent or dry rarely 1-2-celled berry ;
endocarp membranous, 1- rarely 2-3-seeded. Seeds large, ovoid and cylindric or
flattened on one side, testa hard coriaceous and mucilaginous ; cotyledons very
thick. — Distrib. Himalaya, Malay Peninsula, China, Japan.

I cannot distinguish Eriobotrya from Photinia, except by the inflorescence ; all the
other characters given by Decaisne break down amongst the species enumerated
under it ; thus the petals are contorted in all but elliptica and japonica, and their
claws are glabrous in several ; the styles are only two in all but the above, and one
other, which has 3 styles ; the crown of, the ovary is glabrous in E. dubia, and I do
not find the calyptriform process of the placenta in any but japonica; but I have not
examined all for this character, and it is one difficult to detect in dry specimens.

* Petals contorted in bud. Styles 2 or 3.

1. E. petiolata, Hook./.-, robust, leaves 6-9 in. long-petioled elliptic-
lanceolate acuminate thickly coriaceous entire or obtusely serrate glabrous be-
neath, nerves 12-14 pair, inflorescence clothed with appressed tomentum,
flowers pedicelled, calyx-lobes rounded, styles 2. E. elliptica, Herb. Ind. Or. H.
f.fyT.-, Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 145 in part.

Eastern Himalaya ; Sikkim, alt. 5-9000 ft. Bhotan at Tongsa, Griffith.

A tree ; branchlets glabrous. Leaves firmly coriaceous, 6-9 by 3-3^ in. ; base
acute; petiole 1^-2 in. Panicles 3-6 in. long and broad, branched from the base, very
spreading, clothed with rusty tomentum as are the very young leaves on' both sur-
faces. Flowers £ in. diam., not crowded, shortly pedicelled. Calyx-tube short, ob-
conic ; lobes also short, semicircular. Petals contorted, orbicular, concave, claw
glabrous. — Misled by the provisional naming of the Indian collections distri-
buted by Dr. Thomson and myself, Decaisne has included this under E. elliptica,
from which it differs entirely in the longer petioles, appressed almost scurfy tomen-
tum of the panicle and form of calyx.

2. E. latifolia, Hook. f. ■ stout, leaves 6-8 in. long-petioled broadly
elliptic acute at both ends quite entire glabrous above beneath with deciduous
tomentum, nerves 10-12 pair, panicle softly tomentose.

MoIlmayne ; on Thoung G-yne, alt. 5000 ft., Thos. Lobb.

A shrub, 12 ft. Leaves firmly coriaceous, 3-4 in. broad, opaque above, quite
glabrous beneath when old, without a trace of serratures, narrowed into the stout
petiole which is 1^-2 in. long, and glabrous except the young leaves which are
softly woolly. Panicle 6 in. long and as broad, much branched, clothed with rusty
pubescence. Flowers $ in. diam., crowded. Calyx-tube broadly obconic; lobes
rounded. Petals contorted, broadly obovate or orbicular, claw glabrous. Styles 2.

3. E. longifolia, Hook. f. ; robust, leaves 7-10 in. shortly petioled nar-
rowly oblanceolate acuminate quite entire narrowed into the petiole, nerves 25-30
pair almost horizontal, panicle glabrate. Photinia longifolia, Dene. Mem. Fam.
Pom. 142.

Eriobotrya.'] li. rosaceje. (J. D. Hooker.) 371

Mismn Hills, Griffith.

A shrub, branchlets as thick as a swan's quill. Leaves firmly coriaceous, l£-l£ in.
diam. ; margins revolute (in drying ?), perfectly glabrous, hardly shining above ; pe-
tiole | in. Panicles 4-5 in. long, glabrate ; branches rather slender. Flowers shortly
pedicelled, white. Calyx appressed- pubescent, tube obconic ; limb £ in. diam. ; lobes
. triangular, obtuse, glabrous within. Petals cochleate, claw glabrous. Styles 2, the
united part pubescent. — I have not seen the""~p~etals, which Decaisne describes ; he
refers it to Photinia, biit^ the habit foliage and inflorescence are altogether those of
Eriobotrya.

4. E. Hookeriana, Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 146 ; robust, leaves 8-12 in.
very shortly and stoutly petioled elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate acuminate sharply
coarsely serrate, more or less pubescent beneath, nerves 20-30 pair, panicle tomen-
tose, branches spreading. Photinia subsessilis, King in Herb. Calc.

Eastern Himalaya ; Sikkim, alt. 6500-8000 ft., J. B. H. Bhotan. alt. 4-6500 ft.
Griffith.

A small tree, with very stout branches. Leaves 8-12 by 2-4^ in., when young
thickly covered with rusty tomentose, old glabrate or glabrous, very thickly coria-
ceous, opaque above with impressed close-set nerves, serrated nearly to the truncate
rounded or subacute base ; petiole §-| in., very thick ; stipules semi-lunate, very co-
riaceous. Panicle 4-6 in. and as broad, finely softly tomentose, almost woolly.
Flowers} in. diam., white; bracts small, ovate; pedicels short, stout. Calyx-tube
shortly obconic ; lobes rounded, obtuse. Petals contorted, orbicular, claw woolly.
Styles 2, base woolly. Fruit f in. long, ellipsoid, yellow.

5. E. dubia, Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 145, excl. some syn. ; rather slender,
leaves 3-5 in. shortly petioled elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate acuminate
quite glabrous shining above coarsely sharply serrate, nerves 10-12. pair, panicle
softly tomentose or only puberulous, crown of ovary glabrous. Photinia? dubia,
Lindl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 104, 1. 10 ; Wall. Cat. 668, 1. P. dubia, Wen-
zig in Linncea, 1874, 94, excl. synonym. Cratsegus ? Shicola, Ham. in Don
Prodr. 238. Mespilus tinctoria, Don Prodr. 238.

Central and Eastern Himalaya ; Nepal, Wallich ; Sikkim, alt. 5-6000 ft., J. D. H.
Bhotan alt. 4000 ft., Griffith.

A small tree, 20-40 ft. Leaves thinly coriaceous, not exceeding li in. broad,
gradually narrowed at the base into the petiole, which is slender and 5-^in. Panicles
2-4 in. long and broad ; branches rather slender. Flowers not crowded, \ in. diam.,
white, shortly pedicelled ; bracts short, subulate. Calyx-tube short, obconic ; lobes
rather variable, short, acute or obtuse. Petals orbicular, claw slightly woolly. Styles
2, glabrous, on the short hemispheric glabrous top of the ovary. Fruit ^ in long,
shortly ellipsoid, 1-seeded, eatable.

6. E. beng-alensis, Hook./.; rather stout, leaves 4-8 in. long-petioled
elliptic or elliptic oblong or lanceolate acuminate coarsely obtusely serrate or lobu-
late quite glabrous shining above, nerves 8-12 pair, panicle softly tomentose, crown
of ovary woolly. E. dubia, Dene. Mem. Pom. 145, in part ; Kurz, For. Fl.
Brit. JBurm. 443. Mespilus bengalensis, JRoxb. Cat. Hort. Beng. 38 ; Fl. Ind. ii.
510. Photinia dubia, Wall. Cat. 668,2, 3, 4, and E.

Eastern Himalaya ; Sikkim, alt. 4000 ft., C. B. Clarke. Khasia Mts. and Muku
hills, alt. 3-4000 ft. Chittagong, Ava. Wallich; Tenasserim, Heifer; Malacca,
Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Bhamo.

A large robust tree. Leaves often 2| and sometimes 3£ in. broad, sometimes acute,
obtuse or rounded with coarse lobules or crenatures ; petiole stout or slender, f-lf in.,
glabrous. Panicles 3-5 in. long and broad, branched from the base, branches rather
stout. Flowers ^ in. diam., white, smelling of hawthorn. Calyx-tube obconic ; lobes
acute or obtuse. Petals orbicular, claw slightly woolly. Styles 2, base very woolly.
Fruit f in. long, ellipsoid, 1-2-seeded, uneatable. — Confounded by Wallich. myself,

bb2

372 li. rosacea (J. D. Hooker.) [Friobotrya.

and others with E. dubia, but very distinct ; a much larger tree, with longer
broader petioled leaves with slender petioles ; the top of the ovary being woolly also
well distinguishes it.

7. E. ang-ustissima, Hook. jhl. ; quite glabrous, leaves erect 2-4 in.
very narrow linear-lanceolate narrowed into the short petiole obtuse remotely
serrate, panicle small glabrous.

Khasia Mts. alt. 5000 ft. Simons ; Mooshye, and between Myrung and Nunklow,
Hook.f. $T.

A very remarkable shrub, 4 ft. high, found by Thomson and myself in but two
spots, and there forming a low fastigiate brushwood on river banks, with stout dark
branches, and erect rigid leaves, not much exceeding \ in. in breadth; nerves 8-10
pair, ascending ; petiole slender, \ in. Panicles \\ in. ; branches short, erect, gla-
brous. Flowers few, § in. diam. Calyx pubescent; tube short; lobes rounded.
Petals obovate or obcordate, claw woolly. Styles 3, slender, base and crown of ovary
woolly.

** Petals quincuneial. Styles 5.

8. ZS. elliptica, Lindl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 102 ; very robust, leaves
petioled 6-10 in. obovate or oblong-lanceolate entire or coarsely serrate glabrous
beneath, nerves about 20 pair, inflorescence densely clothed with soft spreading
wool, flowers sessile, styles 5, fruit small obovoid or globose. Wall. Cat. 667.
E. japonica, 0. elliptica, Wenzig in Linruea, 1874, 100. Mespilus Ouila, Sam.
in Don Prodr. 238.

Nepal, Wallich ; Mishmi Hills, Griffith.

Similar in many respects to E. japonica, but leaves much broader, glabrous be-
neath, with glabrous petioles 1-1£ in. Flowers sessile or subsessile. Calyx-lobes
triangular. Petals orbicular, claw woolly. Styles 5, woolly to the top ; stigmas large,
spathulate, recurved. Griffith's specimens have fruit, which is nearly globose up-
wards of £ in. diam. and 1-seeded.

9. E. japonica, Lindl. ; branches very robust, and leaves beneath and
inflorescence densely softly woolly, leaves subsessile narrowly oblanceolate acu-
minate remotely serrate woolly beneath, petiole very short, fruit ovoid large
intruded at the top. W. 8f Am. Prodr. 302 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Flor. Suppl.
32 ; Wight Ic. t. 226. Mespilus japonica, Banks ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 610. (The
Loquat.)

Cultivated in many parts of India.

Branchlets as thick as the little finger. Leaves 6-8 by l|-3 in., thick and stiffly
coriaceous ; base obtuse or narrowed into the very short stout woolly petiole ; nerves
12-15, very prominent beneath. Panicles 3-6 in. long and broad; branches very stout.
Flowers \ in. diam., crowded, fragrant. Calyx-tube short; lobes ovate, subacute. Petals
broadly ovate. Fruit 1-1 £ in. long, rather narrower, yellow, rarely as many as 5-
seeded.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.

E. macbocabpa, Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burm. ii. 443 ; evergreen, glabrous, leaves
5-6 in., from obovate to oblong-lanceolate shortly subobtusely acuminate quite entire
narrowed into the stout £-§ in. petiole ooriaceous smooth glossy, fruit subglobose size
of a bullet glabrous crowned with the calyx-limb, peduncle 1-3 in. stout simple glabrous
axillary in the upper leaves of the thick branchlets. — Birma, rare in forests on N. E.
slopes of Kambala-toung ; and Pegu at Yomah, alt. 2-3000 ft., Kurz.

20. PYRUS, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves deciduous, simple or pinnate ; stipules deciduous.
Flowers white red or pink, in terminal cymes or corymbs ; bracts subulate or

<

Pyrus."] li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 373

lineal'. Calyx-tube urceolate turbinate or obconic, lobes 5 erect or reflexed, per-
sistent or deciduous. Petals 5, quincuncially imbricate in bud. Stamens 20 or
more, filaments sometimes connate at the base. Disk annular, or coating the
calyx-tube. Carpels 2-5, connate and adnate to the calyx-tube, styles 2-5, free
or connate below, stigmas truncate ; ovules 2 in each cell, basal, collateral,
ascending. Fruit (a pome) fleshy, 2-5-celled ; cells with a membranous or car-
tilaginous often 2-valved endocarp, 1-2-seeded. Seeds when in pairs plano-
convex, testa coriaceous ; cotyledons amygdaloid. — Disteib. N. temp, and cold
regions ; species 40.

Sect. I. BXalus. Leaves entire. Ovary 3-5-celled ; styles more or less
united below. Fruit globose ; flesh of uniform consistence ; endocarp coriaceous
or like parchment. — Flowers fascicled or subumbellate.

1. P. BXalus, Linn. ; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 96 ; leaves ovate shortly acumi-
nate crenate glabrous above tomentose beneath, calyx densely tomentose lobes
persistent, petals pink, fruit large very shortly peduncled. Roxb. Fl. Incl. ii.
511 ; Brandis For. Fl. 205 ; Wall. Cat. 7111. Malus communis, Desf. ; Boiss.
Fl. Orient, ii. 656 ; Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 153.

Apparently wild in the North "Western Himalaya, ascending to 9000 ft., and to
11,400 in Western Tibet; cultivated in N. *W. India, Central India, the Dekkan,
&c. — Distrib. from Persia westwards to the Mediterranean.

A tree, rarely exceeding 30 ft. Branches and foliage at length glabrous. Leaves
2-3 in. ; petiole half the length of the blade, tomentose or woolly. Flowers 1^-2 in.
diam. Calyx-lobes broad-ovate, acute, persistent. Petals with a tomentose claw.
Styles 5, united below the middle. Fruit globose, intruded at both ends.

2. P. baccata, Linn. ; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 97 ; leaves elliptic-ovate acu-
minate serrulate glabrous, calyx glabrous, peduncles very long, petals white, fruit
small globose. P. baccata v. himalaica, Maxim. Diag. Dec. xv. 167 ; Wenzig
in Linncea, 1874, 44 ; Brandis For. Fl. 205 ; Wall. Cat. 681. Malus baccata,
Desf. ; Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 154. (The Siberian Crab.)

Temperate Himalaya; from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 6-10,000 ft. (sometimes
cultivated), and in Bhotan, alt. 7500 ft., Griffith. Khasia Mts., alt. 6000 ft.—
Distrib. Siberia to Manchuria.

A small tree, trunk short, head rounded. Leaves 2-3 in., rarely almost orbicular,
young glabrous or as well as the petiole pubescent ; petiole half the length of the
blade. Flowers 1^-2 in. diam., in sessile umbels or fascicles, rarely with the pedicels
collected on a short peduncle ; pedicels slender, 2-3 in. Calyx glabrous or puberulous,
without tomentum within ; lobes lanceolate, deciduous. Petals very variable in
breadth. Styles 3-5, nearly free, very woolly at their united bases. Fruit \-\ in.
diam., red or scarlet, intruded at the base. — The fruit of this is much smaller than in
the common form of the plant, and often subpyriform like that figured in Pallas
Flora Kossica, i. t. x.

3. P. sikkimensis, Hook./.', leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate acumi-
nate serrulate tomentose beneath, calyx woolly, peduncles very long, fruit small
shortly pyriform.

Sixxim Himalaya, alt. 7-10,000 ft., J. D. H. Bhotan, Griffith.

Very similar to P. baccata, but the leaves (which attain 5 by 3 in.) are more
acutely serrate, woolly beneath and on the petiole and on the midrib above, the pedun-
cles and calyx are also very woolly. It is marked by Decaisne as a distinct species
(of Malus), but I suspect it will prove a form of P. baccata. The claw of the petals
is woolly ; the limb broadly obovate-oblong or almost orbicular ; the styles are united
below the middle into a perfectly glabrous column ; the calyx-lobes deciduous ; the

374 ii. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Pyrus.

stamens about 25 ; the fruit speckled and very good stewed. — The specks on the fruit
are like those of P. variolosa, but smaller,

Sect. II. Pyrus proper. Leaves entire. Petals white, claw glabrous.
Ovary 6-celled ; styles free. Fruit globose or pyriforni, flesh granular. — Flowers
in few-flowered corymbs.

4. P. communis, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 653 ; leaves oblong
ovate acute crenulate or subentire hardly exceeding the slender petiole, corymbs
short, calyx-lobes ovate or lanceolate persistent, fruit pyriform. Roxb. Fl. Ind.
ii. 510 ; Brandts For. Fl. 203. (The Common Pear.)

Believed to be wild in Kashmir {Brandis) ; cultivated in the N. W. Himalaya,
alt. 2-8000 ft., and in Western Tibet to alt. 10,000 ft.— Distrib. N. Persia west-
ward to S. Europe,

A tree or shrub, glabrous or with woolly young parts and inflorescence, young
often spinous. Leaves variable in breadth and in length of point, of young plant
lobed. Corymbs terminating short shoots. Flowers 1| in. diam. Calyx-lobes
variable. Petals obovate, white. Fruit 1-2 inches, gradually narrowed into the
peduncle.

5. P. Pashia, Ham. in Don Prodr. 236; young parts woolly, leaves
ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate crenulate the young serrulate, glabrous
when old, cymes corymbose or subumbellate woolly, calyx-lobes acute deciduous,
petals white and pink, fruit globose warted. Wenzig. in Linncea, 1874, Decaisne
Jard. Fruit., Le Poirier, t. 7 (Pirus) ; Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burm. 441. P.
variolosa, Wall. Cat. 680 ; Brandis For. Fl. 204. P. verruculosa, Bertol.
Piant. Nuov. Asiat. ii. 10, t. 2. P. nepalensis, Herb. Ham. et. Hort.

Temperate Himalaya from Kashmir to Bhotan, alt. 2500-8000 ft. (sometimes cul-
tivated, Brandis). Khasia Mts., alt. 5000 ft. Ava, Wallich. — Distrib. Yunan.

A deciduous tree, in a young state like a Cratcegus with 3 lobed and doubly
sharply serrated leaves glabrous or woolly beneath, and often spinescent branches ;
branches dark, woody. Leaves 2-4 in., acuminate, sometimes caudate, glabrous and
black when dry ; petiole slender, half the length of the blade. Inflorescence very va-
riable, usually corymbose with a very short peduncle and woolly, but the peduncle
sometimes very thin, or is all but absent when the flowers are fascicled or umbelled ;
pedicels \-1 in., slender in flower, stout in fruit. Flowers 1 in. diam. Calyx-lobes
ovate, acute, usually very woolly, especially externally. Petals orbicular-obovate.
Stamens about 30. Styles 3-5, quite free, more or less woolly at the base. Fruit
very variable in size, f-1^ in. diam., dark yellow- brown, scurfy, covered with raised
white spots, austere, eatable when decaying. — A very variable plant, especially in the
inflorescence ; I was inclined to suppose that Khasia specimens with acutely serrated
leaves and longer pedicels were different specifically, but I suspect the leaves were
from young trees, and there is every gradation of pedicel from £-2 in.

6. P. kumaoni, D«w. Jard. Fruit, under Pirus Pashia; leaves ovate
or ovate-lanceolate acute or acuminate crenulate, glabrous, base acute or
rounded, cymes corymbose glabrous, calyx-lobes broad rounded glabrous except
the woolly margins, fruit globose warted.

Western Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kttmaon, alt. 5-8000 ft, Boyle, Strach. $
Winterbottom, &c.

Very similar in foliage to P. Pashia but at once distinguishable by the more gla-
brous corymbs and broad rounded calyx-lobes.

7. P. Jacquemontiana, Bene. Jard. Fruit. (Pirus) t. 8 ; leaves ovate
or oblong-lanceolate acute crenulate glabrous, base rounded, corymbs laxly to-
mentose, lobes tomentose above, young fruit glabrate.

Pyrus.'] li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 375

Punjab in woods by mountain torrents, Jacquemont.

I know this only by the above characters given by its author, who says that it
much resembles P. Pashia, but is easily recognised by its smooth young fruit; he
however does not speak positively of its being a distinct species. The form of the
calyx-lobes is not stated.

Sect. III. Aria. Leaves simple, entire or margin lobulate. Calyx-lobes
persistent. Ovary 2-5-celled, styles 2-5. Fruit pyriform or globose crowned
with the calyx-lobes, flesh granular, endocarp membranous.

8. P. lanata, Don Prodr. 237 ; leaves broadly oblong margins lobulate
lobules serrulate woolly beneath, corymbs densely woolly, petals glabrous
within, styles 2-3 woolly all over. P. kumaonensis, Wall. Cat. 678. P.
Aria, Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. f. 8f Thorns. ; Brandts For. Fl. 206 (excl. syn. P.
vestita). P. Aria var. kumaonensis, Maxim. Diagn. Dec. xv. 173. Sorbus
lanata, Wenzig in Linmsa, 1874, 61.

Eastern temperate Himalaya; from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 8-10,000 ft.

A middle sized tree, with the young parts densely woolly ; bark of branches
smooth, dark brown, shining. Leaves 5-8 by 2-4 in., acute, glabrous above when
old, except often the midrib ; lobules of leaf with many serratures ; base acute or
rounded; nerves 8-12, nearly straight; petiole £-f in. Corymbs short, 2-5 in. broad,
terminal and subterminal, much branched. Flowers shortly pedicelled, ^ in. diam.,
white. Calyx turbinate ; lobes short, ovate, acute. Petals narrowly obovate, nar-
rowed into naked claw. Stamens 20. Styles 2-3, densely woolly. Fruit very few
in a corymb, or solitary, {-1% in. diam., globose and 2-3-seeded, or smaller pyriform
and 1-2-seeded. — This differs from P. Aria in the lobulate leaves (like those of P.
latifolia, Poir.) with regularly serrulate lobes, much larger flowers and fewer very
large fruits, the latter of which are very variable in size and shape according to
the number of seeds ripened. I have not cited Aria kumaonensis, Dene., or A. lanata,
Dene. (Mem. Fam. Pom. 162, 163) under this or the following, the species being so
much confounded ;■ one of them is the Sorbus nepalensis of gardens and Cratcegus (Aria)
cuspidata, Spach. (Suite Buff. ii. 106).

9. P. vestita, Wall. Cat. 679 ; leaves elliptic acute not or obscurely lo-
bulate serrulate very shortly petioled most densely woolly beneath and on both
surfaces when young, corymbs densely woolly, petals woolly within, styles 3-5
woolly at the base only. P. crenata, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1655, not of Don ;
Wenzig in Linncea, 1874, 60.

Temperate Himalaya ; from Garwhal to Sikkim, alt. 9-10,000 ft.

A tree very closely allied to P. la,nata, but distinguished by the more elliptic and
more woolly leaves with rarely marginal lobules, and more numerous nerves. The
shorter broader petals woolly within and the styles glabrous except at the very base,
are excellent characters. The figure in the ' Botanical Eegister ' if intended for this, is
a very bad one in respect of its representing slender petioles and a want of woolly
clothing. I do not understand why Lindley identifies it with Don's P. crenata, the
leaves being serrate and not crenate, and the corymbs compound. Very old leaves
have the tomentum on the leaves beneath appressed, polished and silvery.

Var. khasiana ; leaves smaller, narrower, very membranous. P. Aria, L. ? Hook,
f. $ T. Herb. Ind. Or.— Khasia, alt. 5-6000 ft.

Sect. IV. Sorbus. Leaves pinnate. Calyx-lobes persistent. Ovary 2-4-
celled. Styles 2-5, free. Fruit globose crowned with the persistent calyx ;
endocarp membranous or coriaceous.

10. P. Aucuparia, Gce?-tn.; Ledeb. Fl. Boss. ii. 100; glabrous or with
white woolly down, leaflets 7-12 pair linear-oblong obtuse and apiculate or

376 li. rosace je. (J. D. Hooker.) \Pyrus.

oblong lanceolate and acuminate sharply serrate green beneath, petals orbicular.
P. ursina, Herb. Strach. fy Wint. No. 5. Sorbus Aucuparia, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 657.

Western temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 11,500-13,000 ft.
Distrib. Turkestan and from the Caucasus westward to the Atlantic, and from Siberia
to N. China and Japan.

A small tree, young parts with white cottony tomentum which sometimes persists
on the petioles and inflorescence. Leaves 4-8 in. ; leaflets f-l£ in., entire towards
the rounded base. Corymbs usually quite glabrous. Flowers ^-^ in. diam., pedicels
short. Calyx glabrous, lobes broad short rounded or subacute. Petals white, orbicu-
lar. Styles 2-5, quite free, woolly at the base. Fruit globose, |-£ in. diam., red. —
Strachey and Winterbottom's specimens have a fine glaucous bloom on the fruit which
appears to hare been blue like those of P. foliolosa, but the specimens want the rusty
tomentum of that species.

11. P. foliolosa, Wall. PI. As. Ear. ii. 81, t. 189 ; Cat. 667, in part ;
pubescence on leaves beneath petioles and inflorescence rusty brown, leaflets
10-15 pair linear-oblong acute or obtuse apiculate sharply serrate pale brown
when dry beneath, petals orbicular-obovate, style very short. P. ursina,
Wall. Cat. 675 ; Brandis For. Fl. 206. Sorbus ursina and foliosa (error for
foliolosa), Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 159. S. ursina, Wenzig in Linntea, 1874,
75.

Temperate Himalaya, from Kunawur to Sikkim, alt. 9-12,000 ft.

Very near P. Aucuparia, but a more rubust plant with red-brown tomentum on
the petioles inflorescence and midribs of the leaves beneath, at length glabrate ; the
flowers also are smaller, more densely crowded, with linear bracts intermixed, and have
much stouter peduncles and pedicels. Fruit small, bluish-red, ovoid, globose or
turbinate. Styles usually 5. — The flowers in Sikkim specimens are greenish white
and rather foetid, but Gen. Munro sends a specimen from Kunawur with red flowers.
Wallich describes the fruit as red. — There are two specimens under this name and
number in Wallich's Herbarium, one with the lithographed ticket 677 attached has
also a MSS. label stating it to have been procured from Gossain Than (a locality in
Nepal which Wallich did not himself visit) ; the other specimen has a similar MSS.
ticket stating it to be found at Sheopore by himself; on both tickets he has written
' an ab. ursina, Wall, distincta ? ' — Of these the first in no way differs from his three
sheets of P. ursina (Cat. 675); whilst the second is a totally different plant, viz. P.
Wallickii, mihi. The description in Wallich's ' Plant. As. Ear.' is that of his
foliolosa (and ursina) except in that he describes the tomentum of the young plant
as white, whereas it is rusty-red, as he says it is on the fully dsveloped leaves &c.
As the ursina of Wallich's Catalogue and Herbarium is the foliolosa of his Plant.
As. Rar., the latter name must replace the former.

12. P. microphylla, Wall. Cat. 676 ; nearly glabrous, slender, leaflets
10-17 pair small linear-oblong acute deeply and acutely serrate, corymbs long-
peduncled lax-flowered, petals small orbicular. Sorbus microphylla, Dene. Mem.
Fam. Pom. 159 ; Wenzig in Linncea, 1874, 76.

Temperate Himalaya ; Sirmore, Webb (in Herb. Wall.) ; Sikkim, alt. 10-14,000 ft.,
J. D. H., C. B. Clarke.

Possibly only a form (or young state ?) of P. foliolosa or Aucuparia, but a very
much more slender subscandent plant with more deeply serrate leaflets, §-§ in. longr
very slender flattened petioles, longer peduncles and pedicels and large bluish berries
and 5 styles. Wallich's specimens have no flowers, those of Sikkim ones are red, and
the globose fruit is white or pale blue. What pubescence is present resembles that of
P. foliolosa. It is remarkable that no one since Capt. Webb has found this in the
Western Himalaya.

13. P. "Wallichii, Hook. Jil. ; young parts clothed with white wool,
leaflets 5-9 pair 1-2 in. linear-oblong acute or apiculate obscurely serrate

Pyrus.~\ li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 377

towards the tip, glaucous beneath, corymbs very tomentose compound, petals
broadly obovate. P. foliolosa, Wall. Cat. 677, in part. Sorbus foliosa, Wenzig
in Linncsa, 1874, 75, excl. synon.

Central and Eastern temperate Himalaya; Nepal, Wallich. Sikkim, alt.
6500-9000 ft., J. D. H., &c.

A small tree, young parts densely woolly, old glabrate except the corymb. Leaves
4-6 in ; leaflets coriaceous, sometimes perfectly entire, base very unequal-sided, mid-
rib stout ; nerves numerous, slender. Corymbs 2-3 in. diam. ; peduncle and pedicels
stout. Flowers ^-| in. diam., white. Styles 3, glabrous. Fruit (unripe) very small,
ovoid, £in. diam. — A very distinct species.

14. P. insignia, Hook. f. j very robust, leaflets 4-6 pair 3-4 in. linear-
oblong acutely obscurely crenulate very coriaceous glaucous beneath, fruiting
corymbs excessively compound, branches very stout.

Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 8-11,000 ft., J. D. H.t C. B. Clarke.

A small very robust tree ; branchlets nearly as thick as the little finger, bud-scales
rigid, chestnut-brown, shining ; young parts clothed with long rather silky rusty brown
wool, old glabrous. Leaves 6-10 in.; leaflets soon glabrate, apiculate in the sinus
between the obscure crenatures, which are incurved in old leaflets, pale and rather
glaucous beneath ; base unequal-sided ; young petioles densely silky. Flowering co-
rymbs appearing with the young leaves, densely rufously woolly, with stout peduncle
and branches. Flowers crowded, \ in. diam. ; bracts linear. Calyx obconic, short,
teeth triangular. Styles 3, glabrous. Fruiting corymbs branched from the base, 6 in.
long and as broad ; branches covered with oblong white spots, pedicels short stout.
Fruit globose or broadly ovoid, 3 -celled, ^ in. diam. (when dry).

Sect. V. Micromeles (Dene. Gen.). Leaves simple. Calyx-ldbss
deciduous. Ovary 2-3-celled ; styles 2-3, free or united. Fruit globose, um-
bonate ; endocarp membranous or coriaceous.

* Leaves shortly petioled, narrowed to both ends ; nei-ves very oblique close set
nearly straight, very prominent.

15. P. G-riffithii, Bene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 170 (Micromeles) ; leaves
5-9 in. young woolly beneath elliptic acuminate serrulate, corymbs very many-
flowered densely woolly, fruit small. P. sikkimensis y. microcarpa, Wenzig in
Linncsa, 1874, 59.

Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 6-9000 ft., J. D. H., C. B. Clarke. Bhotan, Griffith.

A tree, with stout branches ; young twigs and leaves covered beneath with a soft
cottony wool that is deciduous in flakes. Leaves coriaceous, opaque above, paler be-
neath; nerves 12-15 pair, slightly curved; petiole \ in., stout, channelled. Ccrymb
5-6 in. diam., branched from the base, most densely woolly. Flowers | in. diam.,
white. Calyx-tube obconic, woolly ; lobes ovate, membranous, subacute. Petals ob-
ovate, glabrous. Stamens long. Disk tumid, 10-lobed, woolly. Styles 2, slender,
glabrous. Fruit size of a pea, 1-2-celled, cells 2-seeded. Seeds plano-convex. — Very
similar to Pyrus vestita.

16. P. rhamnoides, Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 169 in part (Micromeles) ;
leaves 3-5 in. very young hairy beneath elliptic acuminate serrulate, petiole
short slender, corymbs tomentose many-flowered, fruit small not spotted 2-celled.
Photinia polyneura, King in Herb. Calc.

Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 7-9000 ft., J. D. H., C. B. Clarke.

A tree, very young branches and leaves tomentose and hairy, soon glabrous.
Leaves coriaceous, very variable in breadth, |-2 in.; nerves 12-14 pair, very pro-
minent beneath, slightly curved; petiole ^-f in. Corymbs branched from the base,

378 li. ROSACEA. (J. D. Hooker.) [Pyrus.

pubescent in flowers, glabrous in fruit. Flowers § in. diam., white; pedicels slender.
Calyx-tube obconic, hairy ; lobes triangular. Petals broadly oblong, glabrous. Sta-
mens long. Disk tumid, 10-lobed, puberulous. Styles 2, slender, united below the
middle or free, glabrous. Fruit \ in. diam., smooth, endocarp thin ; cells 2-seeded.
Seeds plano-convex.

** Leaves more or less ovate (rarely obovate), petiole slender. Disk in the
umbo of the fruit tumid or flat not lobed.

17. P. khasiana, Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 169 in part (Micromeles) ;
leaves 4 in. elliptic-obovate rather suddenly acuminate serrate, nerves very ob-
lique nearly straight, fruit \ in. diam. spotted 4-celled.

Khasia Mts ; at Nungbree wood, alt. 5000 ft., Griffith.

A tolerably large tree, in foliage more like P. rhamnoides than any of the following
species, having many nearly straight nerves. The only specimens (Griffith, 2078,
1044 of Posth. Papers, ii. 67) are in old leaf and fruit, which latter Griffith describes
as of the size of a cherry; it is constantly 4-celled ; the endocarp thick and coriaceous ;
the cells narrow 1 -seeded, the pulp granular, and is 4-angled when dry and has a
narrow depressed umbo with a conical centre.

18. P. granulosa, Bertol. Plant. Nuov. Asiat. ii. 10, t. 3 ; leaves ovate-
lanceolate long-acuminate serrate, base rounded or acute, nerves 8-10 pair
spreading arched, fruits few in a corymb ^-f in. diam. spotted 4-celled. P.
sikkimensis, Wenzig in Llnncea, 1874, 58, in part; Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burm.
i. 442. P. Karensium, Kurz in Journ. Beng. As. Soc, 1872, ii. 306 ; 1873, ii.
232.

Khasia Mts. Griffith ; near Churra, Myrung and Mamloo, alt. 4-6000 ft., J. D. H.
$ T. T. Martaban, alt. 7000 ft., Kurz.

A shrub or small tree, in a fruiting state perfectly glabrous, branches with oblong
white lenti eels. Leaves 4-5 in., stiff; nerves prominent beneath; petiole 1-1 \ in.
Fruiting corymb with smooth branches. Fruit with the flesh of large granules, en-
docarp thickly coriaceous, cells narrow ; umbo small depressed with a small conical
centre. — Differs from P. khasiana in the ovate leaves with arching nerves.

19. P. polycarpa, Hook. f. ; quite glabrous, leaves ovate-lanceolate
long-acuminate serrate, base rounded or acute, nerves 6-8 pair spreading arched,
corymbs effuse perfectly glabrous, fruit £ in. unspotted. Pyrus, b. Herb. Ind.

Khasia Mts., alt 5-6000 ft., Griffith, Simons, &c.

A small tree, foliage remarkably similar to that of P. granulosa, but the nerves
fewer, and at once distinguished by the very small unspotted fruit, with only 2 cells
both broad, and small seeds with thick plano-convex cotyledons. The only flow-
ering specimen I have is from M. Simons, in it the corymb is much branched, per-
fectly glabrous, and smooth, somewhat warted in fruit. — Flowers ± in. diam. ; pedicel
slender. Calyx-tube rather pyriform ; limb expanded ; lobes triangular-ovate. Pe-
tals nearly orbicular, glabrous, concave. Disk inconspicuous, glabrous. Stamens
long, slender. Styles 2, united to the middle, quite glabrous. Fruit rather ovoid,
§-£ in., umbo large for its size, depressed with a conical centre.

20. P. cuspidata, Bertol. Plant. Nuov. Asiat. ii. 9, t. 1 : young parts
flocculent, leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate long-petioled caudate-acuminate serrate,
nerves 10-12 spreading arched, corymbs contracted densely warted when in
fruit, fruit small not spotted 2- very rarely 3 -celled. Micromeles verrucosa,
Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 169. Rosacearum ? frutex, Broicn in Wall. Cat. 7467.

Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft., Wallich, &c.

A large tree, with pale foliage ; branchlets stout, studded with oblong lenticels ;

Fynis.] li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 379

twigs mid young parts clothed with a flocculent cotton that falls away in white flakes.
Leaves 3-4 in., rather membranous, pale green, not shining, point very long, coarsely
serrate, base acufte or rounded ; petiole very slender. Corymb more rounded than in
its allies, white and tomentose when young, more rusty or glabrous when old ;
branches rather short ; covered when fruiting with raised lenticels. Flowers \ in.
diam. ; pedicels slender. Calyx-tube pyriform ; limb expanded, glabrous within,
teeth triangular, acute. Petals obovate, woolly within in bud, claw pubescent. Sta-
mens slender. Disk glabrous, inconspicuous. Styles 2, very slender, united below
the middle, glabrous. Fruit i in. diam., rather pyriform, crown tubular £ its own
diameter, with a deep depression and conical centre.

21. P. ferrug-inea, Hook. f. ; branchlets leaves beneath and corymbs
densely clothed with rusty wool, leaves very shortly petioled broadly elliptic
suddenly acuminate serrulate, corymbs few-flowered, styles 3. Sorbus sikkim-
ensis var. ferruginea, Wenzig in Linncea, 1874, 60.

Bhotan, Griffith.

Branchlets with few lenticels. Leaves 2^-3 in., lower half or one-third quite en-
tire, upper surface sparsely pubescent or glabrate ; nerves 6-8 pair, spreading and
arching; petiole \ in., densely woolly. Corymbs densely woolly, of few primary sub-
umbellate branches A- f in., which are twice or thrice divided into erect stout pedi-
cels. Flowers \ in. diam. Calyx-tube pyriform ; lobes short, triangular, acute, very
deciduous. Petals obovate, woolly on the face and claw. Stamens slender. Disk
not raised. Styles usually 3, glabrous, united to the middle ; ovules inserted in the
middle of the axis.

22. P. Thomsoni, King MSS. ; glabrous, leaves very shortly petioled,
elliptic-lanceolate or -oblanceolate acuminate serrate above the middle, corymbs
glabrous, styles 2-4, fruit f in. diam.

Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 8-10,000 ft., J". D. H., C. B. Clarke.

A large tree; branches glabrous, sparingly lenticellate. Leaves 3 in., brown when
dry, apparently glabrous at all stages ; base acute, rarely rounded or obtuse ; nerves
8-12 pair, spreading and arched ; petiole ^-i in. Corymb of few primary subumbel-
late erect main branches, 1 in. long, di-trichotomously forked. Flowers § in. diam. ;
pedicels slender. Calyx-tube pyriform ; limb expanded ; teeth ovate, obtuse. Petals
obovate, claw woolly. Stamen stout. Styles stout, united at the middle or base,
glabrous ; ovules attached in the middle of the axis. Fruit with few white spots,
crown sunk. Seeds tumid. — Young flowering specimens of this were distributed as
Photinia arguta, Wall., var. ?, and are cited by Decaisne under his Micromeles verru-
cosa (Pyrus cuspidata, Bertol.) from which it differs in the glabrous narrow leaves
with short petioles serrated only beyond the middle.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

P. (Malus) Sieversii, Ledeb. Fl. Alt. ii. 222. A Soongarian species, closely allied
to P. baccata, differing in being branched from the base, is enumerated by Decaisne
(Mem. Fam. Pirus) as having been found in Kashmir by Jacquemont.

P. (Mickomeles) castaneifolia, Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 169 ; " leaves oblong or
oblong-lanceolate acuminate base obtuse acutely serrate glabrous, petiole rather long
slender, peduncle and pedicels floccose when young, fruit small. Sorbus sikkimensis,
Wenzig in Linncea, 1874, 58." Eastern Bengal, Griffith,~No. 2077-1. — I cannot iden-
tify this.

P. (Sorbus) sikkimensis, Wenzig in Linncea, 1874, 58; evidently includes more
than one species from Sikkim and the Khasia Mts. Thus, var. a., the Sikkim plant
included under this variety, I cannot recognise by the description, though it is of a plant
stated to be found by myself; the Khasia one includes P. granulosa and verrucosa. —
Var. )8. oblongifolia, this I do not recognise though it professes to be a Sikkim disco-
very of mine. — Var. y. microcarpa, a Sikkim plant, is I suppose P. Griffithii, to which

380 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) \JPyrus.

Wenzig doubtfully (and erroneously) refers P. Nussia, Don. — Var. 5. ferruginea is P.
ferruginea.

P. crenata. Don, Prodr. 237 ; "leaves long-petioled ovate acute crenate glabrous
above, young beneath and branchlets white-tomentose, corymbs simply woolly, calyx-
lobes ovate acute. — Suemba in Upper Nepal, Hamilton. Obs. P. Pollveria differs in
the shorter broader serrate not crenate leaves and in the more numerous flowers." — I
do not recognise the above. — Can it be the common pear ?

21. PHOTINIA, Lindl.

Evergreen small trees or shrubs. Leaves coriaceous, quite entire or serrulate ;
stipules subulate, deciduous. Flowers small, corymbose, white. Calyx-tube ob-
conic ; limb 5-cleft ; lobes short, persistent. Petals 5, contorted or imbricate in
bud, orbicular or obovate, claw glabrous or woolly. Stamens 20 or more.
Ovary with a conical pubescent or woolly crown, 2- rarely 3-celled ; styles 2,
rarely 3, free, or combined at the base, short ; ovules 2, collateral, nearly basal
in each cell, ascending. Fruit small, globose or ovoid, 1-2-seeded ; flesh rather
hard ; endocarp crustaceous or membranous. Seeds obovoid, triquetrous or com-
pressed, nearly as long as the fruit, testa coriaceous. — Distrib. Eastern tropical
and subtropical Asia j species 7 or 8.

1. P. Lindleyana, Wight 8r Am. Prodr. 302 ; quite glabrous, leaves
elliptic oblong or ovate acute crenulate or entire base rounded, nerves 13-15
pair faint, petiole long stout, flowers ^ in. diam., claw of petal villous, fruit tur-
binate or subglobose. Wight Ic. t. 228 ; Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 141. P. No-
toniana, Wall. Cat. 671, not of Wight 8f Am. P serrulata, Lindl. y. Wenzig in
Linncda, 1874, 94.

Nilghirri Hills, Noton, Wight, &c.

A small tree ? everywhere glabrous except the crown of the ovary and claw of the
petals ; branches stout. Leaves 3-6 in., very thickly coriaceous, not shining on either
surface, flat; nerves nearly horizontal ; petiole 1|— 2 in., cylindric. Corymbs 3-5 in.
diam., much branched from the base, branches stout. Flowers | in. diam., pedi-
celled ; bracts subulate. Calyx-lobes rounded. Petals orbicular-obovate, claw dis-
tinct. Styles 2, very stout, short. Fruit £ in. long, smooth, glaucous ; endocarp
crustaceous. — "Wallich's P. Notoniana is only a form of Lindleyana, with the crena-
tures few and confined to near the top of the leaf.

2. P. Notoniana, Wight $ Am. Prodr. 302 {not of Wall. Cat.) ; leaves
elliptic ovate oblong or lanceolate acuminate quite entire base acute or rounded,
nerves very many and slender, petiole long (1-1^ in.), corymbs pubescent or
glabrous, flowers £ in. diam., fruit globose. Wight Lc. 991 ; III. t. 86 ; Dene.
Mem. Fam. Pom. 141 ; Bedd. Fl, Sylv. t. 192. P. Blumei, Dene. I. c. 142.
Eriobotrya integrifolia, Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 442.

Nilghirri and Pulney Mts., Wight, &c. Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft. Mar-
taban, alt. 7-7200 ft., Kurz. Ceylon; Central province, alt. 6-7000 ft. — Distrib.
Java.

A small tree, glabrous except the inflorescence, which is finely pubescent. Leaves
2^-6 in., very variable, sometimes caudate-acuminate, thickly coriaceous, the numerous
nerves very delicate, hardly shining above; petiole f-2 in., flat or grooved above.
Corymb excessively branched, 3-10 in. diam. ; branches slender in flower ; stout in
fruit. Flowers pedicelled, white. Calyx-lobes rounded. Petals orbicular, claw gla-
brous or slightly villous. Fruit \ in. diam., blue, glaucous ; endocarp membranous.
Seeds compressed, radicular end incurved. — I refer Kurz's plant here on the authority
of his citation of Beddome ; he describes the leaves as sometimes cuneate-oblong and
with a few inconspicuous teeth.

JPhotiuia.'] li. rosaceje. (J. D. Hooker.) 381

Var. ceylanica ; leaves sometimes orbicular, inflorescence quite glabrous. Ceylon,
alt. 6-7000 ft. — Distbib. Java. — Javanese specimens have sometimes crenate leaves.

Var. eugenifolia ; leaves from narrow lanceolate to broadly oblong, corymbs hoary
with white pubescence. P. eugenifolia, Lindl. in Bot. Beg. sub. t. 1956 ; Wall. Cat.
670, in part. P. micrantha, Bene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 143. — Khasia Mts.

Var. maerophylla ; leaves 7-9 in. ovate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate, petiole
l-2£ in., corymbs quite glabrous. Khasia Mts.

3. P. integrifolia, Lindl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 103 ; quite glabrous,
leaves oblanceolate acuminate quite entire narrowed into the short (£-£ in.)
petiole, corymbs large spreading, flowers £ in. diam., fruit globose. Wall. Cat.
669 ; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. under tab. 1956. Pyrus integerrima, Don Prodr.
237.

Central and Eastern Himalaya ; from Nepal, Wallich, and Sikkim, alt. 4-7000 ft.
to Bhotan, Griffith. Khasia Mts. alt. 3-4000 ft.

I have great difficulty in distinguishing this from P. Notoniana (in the Khasia
Mts. especially), its best character is the very short petiole and uniformly oblanceolate
smaller leaves 3-5 in. long. In the Himalaya it is very constant in its characters,
but in the Khasia Mts. it comes very near small states of Notoniana, var. macrophylla.
Hence though no foliage of allied plants can be more unlike in form than the ordinary
states of this plant present, I am in doubt as to their specific differences. P. integri-
folia, Miquel (Fl. Ind. Bat. i. part i. 387), from Java, appears to be the same plant.
The styles are almost invariably two, but three are said, to occur. The crown of the
ovary is woolly, but of the fruit glabrous.

4. P. Griffith!!, Bene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 142 ; branchlets midrib be-
neath petiole and inflorescence woolly, leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate ser-
rulate near the tip, nerves very slender, petiole 1-2 in., flowers £ in. diam.
Pomarc. Griff. Ic. PI. Asiat. iii. t. 573 {bad) ; Posth. Papers, ii. 178, No. 921.

Bhotan Himalaya, at Trelagong, Griffith.

A large tree; branchlets rather slender, woolly, pubescence whitish. Leaves
5-7 by 1^-2^ in., much more membranous than in any preceding species, very finely
acuminate, serratures minute, rather shining on both surfaces; nerves arched, 25-30
pair ; petiole cylindric. Corymbs ample. Flowers shortly pedicelled. Calyx-lobes
rounded. Petals obovate ; claw woolly. Styles 2-3, woolly and connate below. Ovary
■with a densely woolly crown. — Griffith describes the calyx-lobes and petals as 5 or 6.

5. P. mollis, Hooh.f. ; branchlets leavesbeneath short petiole and inflo-
rescence clothed with white wool, leaves very membranous elliptic or lanceolate
acuminate serrulate base acute, corymbs rounded many-flowered, flowers £ in.
diam., styles 2-3 glabrous united at the base.

Sikkim Himalaya, at a low elevation, J. B. H., Gamble.

Tree 20-30 ft. Branches slender, glabrous, with red brown bark and small len-
ticels ; branchlets and other woolly parts white. Leaves 4-5 in., pale when dry, very
membranous, serratures fewer and smaller towards the base, rather suddenly acumi-
nate ; nerves 6-10 pair, spreading, arched, very slender. Corymbs 2 in. diam., shortly
peduncled, branches spreading, rather lax-flowered. Flowers white, pedicelled ; bracts
minute, linear, caducous, membranous. Calyx woolly ; tube hemispheric; lobes
rounded. Petals orbicular, retuse ; claw very short, glabrous. Stamens not long,
slender. Bisk not thickened, woolly at the base. Styles slender ; stigma 2-lobed.
Fruit | in. long, ovoid, crowned with the persistent calyx ; endocarp thinly crustace-
ous, septum membranous. Seeds nearly as long as the fruit.

382 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [PourtMcea.

22. POURTHIJEA,7)ch«.

r

Shrubs or small trees, glabrous or woolly when young. Leaves simple, cre-
nate, persistent ; stipules minute, subulate. Flowei*s small, white, in few-
flowered corymbs, with warted fruit-bearing branchlets. Calyx-tube obconic ;
lobes 5, acute. Petals 5, contorted, obovate, oblique and notched, claw glabrous.
Sta?nens 20, filaments slender. Ovary 2-3-celled ; styles 2-3, connate high up,
stigma capitate 2-fid ; ovules 2 in each cell, collateral, basal, ascending. Fruit
small, globose or ovoid, 1-2-seeded, flesh granular; endocarp membranous.
Seeds ellipsoid, plano-convex ; testa thickly coriaceous with reticulated grooves
on the convex side ; cotyledons plano-convex ; radicle curved, short, ex-
serted. — Distrib. Himalaya, China, Oorea, Japan.

1. P, arg-uta, Bene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 147. Photinia ? arguta, Wall.
Cat. 672 ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. wider 1956 ; Wenzig in Linncea, 1874, 90, excl.
synonym.

Khasia Mts., alt. 3-5000 ft., abundant. Birma, Griffith. Foot of the Sikkim
Terai, Gamble (var. Hookeri only).

I can distinguish but one Indian species of this very abundant Khasian bush,
which occurs all over the range ; all have white-woolly young leaves and inflorescence,
which is thrown off with age, the fruit varies much in size.

Var. 1. Wallichii; leaves 1^-2 in. coriaceous ovate- lanceolate acuminate quite
glabrous in age, nerves 8-10 pair, corymbs subsessile few-flowered sometimes almost
capitate, fruit \ in. diam. globose. P. arguta, Dene. I. c.

Var. 2. Hookeri ; leaves 3-4 in. coriaceous oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate,
petiole longer, corymbs 2-3 in;, long, fruit | in. diam. globose. P. Hookeri, Bene. I. c.
148. Sikkim and Khasia.

Var. 3. salicifolia ; leaves 4-5 in. coriaceous narrowly lanceolate caudate -acumi-
nate more persistently woolly beneath, corymb effuse, flowers larger. P. salicifolia,
Dene. I. c. 148.

Var. 4. membranacea ; leaves 2-3 in. very membranous ovate-lanceolate acumi-
nate or caudate-acuminate, corymbs of few long branches floriferous at the tip. Khasia,
Griffith (no number). This is no doubt a lax form growing in woods.

Var. 5. latifolia ; leaves 4-5 by 1^-2^ in. rather coriaceous oblong or oblong-
lanceolate acuminate more persistently woolly beneath, serratures smaller, corymbs
umbelliform, branches 1| in., flowers longer pedicelled. Hookhoom valley, Birma,
Griffith.

Var. 6. parvifolia ; leaves l^-2£ in. coriaceous narrowly lanceolate acuminate,
corymbs contracted, fruit £ in. rather ovoid. Khasia Mts. at Jowai, C. B. Clarke.

23. STRANV2ESIA, Lindl.

Shrubs or small trees. Leaves coriaceous, evergreen, quite entire or serrulate ;
stipules subulate. Floivers small, white, in compound many-flowered corymbs.
Calyx-tube small, obovoid ; limb dilated, 5-toothed. Petals 5, obovate, usually
contorted in bud, claw naked or bearded. Stamens 20. Ovary 5-celled ; styles
5 connate high up ; stigma capitate 2-fid ; ovules 2 in each cell, basal, colla-
teral, ascending. Fruit globose, rather fleshy, 5-celled ; endocarp crustaceous,
dehiscing loculicidally ; cells 1-seeded. Seeds ovoid, plano-convex ; testa coria-
ceous, mucilaginous ; embryo plano-convex. — Distrib. Himalaya and China ;
species 3 or 4.

1. S. glaucescens, Lindl. in Bot. Beg. t. 1956; leaves obovate oblan-
ceolate or narrowly lanceolate acuminate or obtuse and apiculate entire or serru-
late quite glabrous, calyx and pedicels woolly. Brand. For. Fl. 210 ; Wenzig

Stranvcesia.'] li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 383

in Linncea, 1874, 204. S. glaucescens and S. Nussia, Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom.
178. Crataegus glauca, Wall. Cat. 673. Pyrus Nussia, Ham. in Don Prod?\
237. Ootoneaster affinis, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 658.

Western and Central Himalaya ; Kttmaon, alt. 3-7500 ft. Nipal, Wallich. Khasia
Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft.

A small leafy evergreen tree, very variable in foliage, young parts tomentose in a
very early state. Leaves in Western specimens often 6 in. long and 2-2^ broad, more
obovate than is usual in the Eastern, hardly shining above, paler beneath ; in Khasian
specimens the leaves are sometimes 4 by ^-§ in., long-acuminate and curved (var. an-
gustifolia, Dene.), always narrowing into the petiole ; nerves very slender ; petiole
|— | in. Corymbs 2-4 in. broad ; branches slender, hairy or glabrate. Flowers pedi-
ce lied, £ in. diam., pedicels woolly. Calyx woolly; lobes acute, persistent. Petals
spreading, usually notched, not oblique. Ovary small ; crown hardly raised, hairy.
Style-colViXtm woolly below. Fruit | in. diam., orange yellow, crowned with the in-
curved calyx-teeth ; flesh thin ; crown of the crustaceous carpels exserted, glabrous.

24. CRATAEGUS, Linn.

Shrubs or small trees, often spiny. Leaves simple lobed or pinnatifid ; sti-
pules deciduous. Flowers in terminal corymbose cymes, white or red ; bracts
caducous. Calyx-tube urceolate or campanulate ; mouth contracted ; lobes 5,
persistent or deciduous. Petals 5, inserted at the mouth of the calyx, imbricate
in bud. Stamens many. Carpels 1-5, adnate to the calyx-tube ; styles 1-5 ;
stigma truncate ; ovules 2 in each cell, ascending. Fruit ovoid or globose,
with a bony 1-5-celled stone, or with 1-5 bony 1- rarely 2-seeded stones. — Dis-
trib. N. temp, regions, chiefly American, extending south into New Granada ;
species about 50.

1. C. Oxyacantha, Linn. ; Ledeb. Fl. Boss, ii. 88 ; leaves cimeate or
triangular-ovate with a cimeate base pinnatifidly 3-5-lobed rarely pinnate sinus
acute, lobes sharply toothed towards the tip, fruit glabrous ovoid, carpels 1-3
wholly adnate to the calyx-tube. Brandis Far. Fl. 207. C. ribesius, Bertol.
Miscel. Pot. xxii. 14, t. 2. (Hawthorn).

Western temperate Himalaya, from Mttrree to Kishtwar, alt. 6-9000 ft. — Dis
teib. Affghanistan and westward to the Atlantic, W. Siberia.

A small tree, 20-30 ft., trunk short, branches spinescent ; young shoots and
leaves beneath and inflorescence sparsely softly pubescent or glabrate. Leaves 1-2 in. ;
petiole very slender ; stipules leafy, upper usually falcate, serrate, lower larger or-
bicular and cut. Corymbs many-flowered. Flowers % in. diam., white, odorous.
Calyx-lobes subacute. Petals orbicular. Styles 1 or 2, slender, glabrous. Carpels
adnate by their whole length to the calyx-tube, tips pubescent. Fruit scarlet, flesh
scanty ; endocarp of 2-3 bony pyrenes more or less firmly united. — Boissier regards
the Himalayan plant as C. monogyna (itself a var. of Oxyacantha) but there are com-
monly 2 and often 3 styles and carpels.

2. C. Clarkei, Hooh.f. ; softly tomentose, leaves oblong pinnate or pin-
natifid, base cuneate or truncate, segments oblong toothed at the broad tip, fruit
pubescent globose, carpels 5, free above.

Kashmir, at Hirpoor, alt. 8000 ft., Thomson, C. B. Clarke.

Pubescence soft, white, spreading. Leaves 2-4 in., opaque above, lower segments
often free obovate and spreading, tips rounded or acute ; petiole slender ; stipules
very large, semicircular and falcate, toothed, Flowers apparently smaller than
in C. Oxyacantha and fewer in the corymb, which is clothed with spreading hairs.
Calyx-lobes persistent, obtuse. Petals (from fruiting specimen) orbicular-obovate.

384 • lj. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Oratcegus.

Styles inserted ventrally, free. Carpels free for nearly § of the upper part from
one another and the calyx-tube. Fruit green, 5-lobed when dry, £ in. diam.,
crowned by the reflexed calyx-lobes ; pyrenes separable, free above, faces rough. — The
structure of the ovary and fruit is essentially the same as in the following species, but
the tops of the pyrenes are not so much protruded.

3. G. crenulata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 38 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 509 ; glabrous,
leaves linear-oblong or obovate crenulate obtuse very coriaceous, fruit globose,
carpels 5 free above. Wall. Cat. 674 ; Lindl. in Bat. Reg. xxx. t. 52. 0. Pyr-
acantha, Brandts For. Fl. 208. Mespilus crenulata, Don Prodr. 238. Pyra-
cantha crenulata, Roem. ; Dene. Mem. Fain. Pom. 171.

Temperate Himalaya in dry places from the Sirmor to Bhotan (exclusive of
Sikkim), alt. 2500-8000 ft.

A large woody rigid spinescent shrub. Leaves crowded on short lateral branch-
lets, 1-2 in., shining, narrowed into the very short petiole ; nerves indistinct. Corymbs
short, many-flowered, glabrous or puberulous ; branches slender. Flowers \-\ in.
diam., white ; pedicels slender. Calyx-tube hemispheric ; lobes obtuse. Petals orbi-
cular, claw very short. Styles 5, inserted ventrally. Carpels 5, free for § of their
upper part from one another and the calyx-tube. Fruit globose, orange-red, crowned
with the erect calyx-lobes ; pyrenes separable, faces polished, upper § free and pro-
truded between the calyx-lobes. — Differs from the European C. Pyracantha in the
obtuse leaves and smaller flowers and fruit.

25. COTONEASTEB,Z»m.

Shrubs or small trees. Leaves quite entire, coriaceous, usually very downy
beneath ; stipules setaceous, deciduous. Flowers small solitary or in axillary
or terminal cymes, white or pink, sometimes polygamous. Calyx-tube turbinate
or campanulate ; lobes 5, short, persistent. Petals 5, imbricate in bud. Stamens
20, inserted at the mouth of the calyx. Carpels 2-5, adnate wholly or by their
backs only to the calyx-tube ; styles 2-5, free, stigma truncate ; ovules 2 in
each celr, erect, basal, geminate, raphe lateral. Fruit small, ovoid globose or
turbinate, with 2-5 bony 1-seeded stones. — Distrib. Europe, temp. Asia ; N.
Africa, Mexico •, species 15.

A genus distinguishable only by habit from Cratcegus. The species are very
variable and difficult of discrimination.

A. Leaves deciduous (subpersistent in nummularia and rotundifolia) ; mar-
gins not recurved.

* Leaves 1-4 in. Cymes usually branched and many-Jlowered.

1. C. bacillaris, Wall. ; Lindl. in Bat, Reg. under t. 1229; a bush or
small tree, leaves l£-3 in. oblong or obovate or oblong-lanceolate woolly or gla-
"brescent beneath acute or obtuse narrowed into the petiole, cymes short many-
flowered puberulous, fruit dark brown globose. Brandis For. Fl. 208 ; Wall.
Cat. 660. O. obtusa, Wall, in Bot. Reg. 1. c. ; Cat. 659, in part.

Temperate Himalaya, from Wazaristan, alt. 4-8000ft. ; Mtjrree and Kashmir,
alt. 4-10,000 ft. to Nepal, Sikkim? and Bhotan?. Salt, range, alt. 1500-2500 ft.
(Brandis%

A common and variable deciduous Himalayan shrub ; wood much used for walking
sticks, whence its specific name. Of Wallich's C. obtusa, I cannot distinguish three of
the specimens from bacillaris even as a variety; Lindley's character of "cymes con-
gested and branchlets glabrous " in obtusa, and " cymes divaricate and branchlets
pilose " in bacillaris, do not distinguish Wallich's var. The other specimens marked

Gotoneaster.] li. bosacejj. (J. D. Hooker.) 385

as obtusa are the C. affinis of Lindley and differ only in the tomentose under surface
of the leaves and corymbs, which in this respect present every intermediate with
bacillaris ; its leaves are however often smaller rounder and sometimes rounded at the
base (C. rosea, Edgw.). I am somewhat doubtful of the Sikkim and Bhqtan plants here
referred to bacillaris. I do not remember a black or dark brown fruited large shrubby
species in Sikkim, and Griffith's Bhotan specimens are in flower only ; one of these
has leaves under 1 in. long. The Sikkim specimens doubtfully referred here have the
leaves of affinis and a young shoot has them sometimes almost orbicular, rounded at
the base (as in rosea) and 2 in. diam. Except by the dark berries it is difficult to
distinguish var. affinis from C. frigida.

Var. affinis ; leaves beneath petioles young shoots and inflorescence more or less
woolly or tomentose. C. affinis, Lindl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 101 ; Bot. Reg.
under t. 1229. C. obtusa, Wall. Gat. 659, in part. C. rosea, Edgw. in Trans. Linn.
Soc. xx. 46. Mespilus affinis, Don Prodr. 238.

Var. parvifolia ; leaves ^-1 in. elliptic acute or obtuse, cymes short dense-flowered,
flowers smaller. Bhotan, Griffith, alt. 7000 ft.

2. C. frigida, Wall. Cat. 657 ; a large bush or small tree, leaves 3-5 in.
oblong or oblong-lanceolate acute narrowed to the base young tomentose beneath,
cvmes very many-flowered woolly, fruit globose scarlet. Lindl. in Bot. Req.
t. 1229. ? 0. affinis, Hohen. Plant. Exsicc. Nilg. No. 1575. 0. nepalensis,
Hort.

Central and Eastern Himalaya; Nipal, Wallich, interior of Sikkim, alt.
7-9000 ft, J. D. H.

A tree, 20 ft. high, or large bush, deciduous, similar in habit and foliage to C. ba-
cillaris, but with far more numerous flowers in a cyme and scarlet berries. Ho-
heuacker's Nilgiri specimens, which I take to be frigida, are from a tree cultivated in
Lord Elphinstone's garden at Kaitee. Decaisne quotes Jacquemont as having found
this, but I suspect that C. bacillaris var. affinis is the plant intended, as C. frigida
occurs nowhere in Jacquemont's region of travel.

** Leaves ^-2 (rarely 4-5) in. Cymes few-flowered or flowers solitary.

3. C. acuminata, Lindl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 101, t. 9 ; an erect
shrub, twigs leaves beneath and inflorescence pubescent or tomentose, leaves
usually 1-2 in. ovate acuminate or acute at length glabrous beneath, cymes 1-5-
flowered very short, fruit turbinate scarlet. Brandis For. Fl. 209. R.
Roylei or. Royleana, Hort. C. rotundifolia, Herb. Str. $ Wint., not of Wallich.
Mespilus acuminata, Lodd. Bot. Cat. t. 919.

Temperate Himalaya, from Sirmor and Ktjmaon, alt. 4500-12,000 ft., to Sikkim,
alt. 7-13,000 ft.

A deciduous shrub, sometimes 14 ft. high ; wood used for walking sticks (like
bacillaris), the most constant in form of foliage of any Indian species except Si-
mondsii, also in their size, about 2 in., though in one of Wallich's specimens they ex-
ceed 5 in. ! — The fruit varies from turbinate to subcampanulate. The number of
flowers in a cyme varies extremely, Brandis says from 2-10, I find 2-5 the average,
but solitary flowers are not uncommon.

4. C. vulgaris, Lindl. ; Bern. Fl. Orient, ii. 685 ; an erect bush, leaves
f-l£ rarely 2 in. broadly ovate acute or obtuse hoary or glabrous above softly
tomentose beneath, cymes short few-flowered glabrescent, fruit globose black or
red.

Western Tibet and Wazuristan, alt. 5-11,000 ft. — Distrib. Siberia, Soongaria,
Persia Westward to the Atlantic.

Usually a slender erect deciduous shrub, varying much in form of foliage and pu-
bescence of both surfaces ; its habit, more ovate leaves, and fewer flowered cymes, best
VOL. II. • f C C

386 li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) [Cotoneaster.

distinguish it from C. nummutaria. In lax specimens the cymes have slender pedun-
cles and pedicels and drooping flowers. The character of drooping fruit by which it
has been sought to distinguish these two species depends on the length of the pe-
duncle. Fruit very variable in size and colour. Specimens apparently of C. vulgaris,
from Bargil, Kashmir, alt. 10,500 ft. collected by Mr. C.B. Clarke have leaves 2 in. long.

5. C. multiflora, Bunge ; Led. Fl. Ross. ii. 93 ; an erect slender bush,
leaves f-2in. ovate elliptic or obovate acute obtuse or rounded at the tip thin
glabrous above, glaucous and glabrous or faintly silky beneath, petiole slender,
cymes 3-10-fid on short or long peduncles nearly glabrous. Dene. Mem. Fam.
Pom. 174. Ootoneaster 6, Herb. Strach. fy Wint.

Kashmir, Jacquemont ; Niti Pass Kumaon, alt. 11,500 ft. Strach. $ Winterb. —
Disteib. Altai, Persia, Soongaria.

I refer the Grarwhal plant to Bunge's multiflora with some hesitation ; it closely
resembles the Altai and Soongaria plant in its thin pale leaves glaucous beneath, but
they are usually ovate and acute whereas in the Altai and Soongarian ones they are
orbicular obovate or obcordate ; there are however leaves on some specimens of the
Himalayan plant quite like those of the other in being broadly elliptic and rounded
at both ends, and Baikal specimens have all the leaves ovate acute. I have seen but
few Indian specimens.

6. C. nummularia, Fisch. fy Mey. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 666 ; a
straggling or prostrate bush with woody often divaricate branches, leaves
£-l| in. orbicular or obovate obtuse or retuse or apiculate white or densely silkily
woolly beneath, cymes woolly very short 2-5-flowered, flowers crowded, fruit
small obovoid globose black. Brandis For. Fl. 209. O. Lindleyi, Steud.-,
Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 176.

Western Tibet and Kashmir, alt. 6-11,000 ft. — Distrib. Soongaria, Afghanis-
tan and "Westward to Asia Minor.

A smaller subevergreen, more woody rigid species than C. vulgaris, with smaller
leaves sometimes only £ in. long, never ovate and often orbicular. Flowers small ;
calyx usually tomentose but sometimes glabrate ; fruit black, erect. — Cultivated spe-
cimens have orbicular leaves nearly 1 in. diam., and almost glabrous beneath. I do
not know upon what grounds Steudel and Decaisne regard the nummularia of Loudon
which appears to me to be the true plant, as different from that of Fischer.

7. C. rotundifolia, Wall. Cat 663 ; a low rigid horizontally and dis-
tichously branched shrub, leaves £-|in. distichous orbicular or orbicular-obovate
mucronate glabrous or sparsely hairy above and beneath, flowers solitary subses-
sile, fruit turbinate scarlet. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. under t. 1229 ; Saunders Refug.
Bot. i. t. 54. O. microphylla, var. uva-ursi, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1187. C.
prostrata, Baker in Saunders Refug. Bot. i. t. 53.

Central and Eastern Himalaya, alt. 9-11,000 ft. ; from Nipal, Wallich, to Sikxim,
J. J). H., &c, andBHOTAN, Griffith.

A rigid shrub, remarkable for its almost horizontal branches and regular small
orbicular mucronate leaves, which are not woolly or downy, but have sparse appressed
hairs, they are very coriaceous, often a little recurved, and are subpersistent in Eng-
land ; but as in Wallich's specimens they are all but fallen off, this character probably
depends on the severity of the winter. Decaisne {Mem. Fam. Pom. 176) refers to
this C. n&palensis, alpina &n&Roylei of gardens, but our Roylei is certainly G. acu-
minata. Baker's C. prostrata from Saunders' garden is identical with specimens of
rotundifolia from the Hort. Soc. Gardens in Herb. Bentham, and has the peculiar ap-
pressed hairs of the twigs and under surface of the leaves of rotundifolia, from
which I cannot distinguish it.

8. C. Simondsii, Hort. ; Baker in Saunders Refug. Bot i. t. 65 ; an

erect bush with slender branches, leaves f in. subdistichous rhombic-orbicular

Cotoneaster.'] Li. rosacea. (J. D. Hooker.) 387

acuminate glabrous above sparsely silky beneath, nerves distinct, margins
subrecurved, flowers solitary or twin subsessile, fruit turbinate scarlet. C.
acuminata, var. Simondsii, Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 175.

Khasia Mts. ?

The origin of this is unknown. It is probably named after Mr. Simons who col-
lected largely in the Khasia Mts. and who may have sent seeds to England from
thence or from Bhotan. It is remarkable that it occurs in no Indian Herbarium, but
so would be the fact, that except this be a native of the Khasia, that range should
possess no Cotoneaster. It very nearly resembles C. rotundifolia.

B. Leaves persistent, rigid, £ in. long ; margins recurved. Flowers almost
always solitary. (See also C. nummularia, rotundifolia and Simondsii.)

9. C. microphylla, Wall. Cat. 662 A. ; a low ramous woody intri-
cately branched shrub, leaves £ in. ovate or obovate acute retuse or obtuse
glossy above pubescent or tomentose beneath, margins recurved, flowers £ in.
diam., fruit globose scarlet. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1114 ; Saunders Refug. Bot.
i. t. 49 ; Brandts For. Fl. 209. C. emarginata, Hoffm. according to Decaisne,
Mem. Fam. Pom. 176. ? 0. buxifolia, Baker in Saunders Refug. Bot. i. t. 52.

Temperate Himalaya, alt. 4-8000 ft. from Kashmir to Bhotan; — var. glacialis
from 9-14,000 ft.

In a dried state it is very difficult to distinguish this from the following, and from
single flowered states of C. buxifolia. I suspect that the C. buxifolia of Saunders'
Eefugium is a state of this, though it may be a 1-flowered state of buxifolia.

Var. glacialis ; leaves glabrous and glaucous beneath, flowers smaller often pink.
C. congesta, Baker in Saunders Refug. i. t. 51.

10. C. thymifolia, Sort.; Baker in Saunders, Refug. Bot. i. t. 60; an
almost prostrate woody intricately branched shrub, leaves %-% in. cuneate-ob-
ovate or oblong tip rounded or retuse glossy above pubescent or tomentose
beneath, margins recurved, flowers solitary ^ in. diam., fruit small globose scar-
let. C. microphylla, Wall. Cat. 662, B. Crataegus integrifolia, Herb. Ham.

Temperate and Alpine Himalaya from Kashmir, Falconer, to Sikkim, J. B. H.

This so resembles certain states of C. microphylla, that I retain it as a species with
great doubt ; in habit the two are identical, but C. thymifolia has narrower leaves
that are never elliptic or ovate or acute, but always broader upwards and rounded or
retuse at the tip ; the flowers are smaller, but this is not a character of much value.
It was distributed -with true microphylla by "Wallich and with buxifolia by Strachey
and Winterbottom from Nynee Tal.

11. C. buxifolia, Wall. Cat. 661 ; a small rigid intricately branched
woody bush, leaves £ in. elliptic-ovate acute or apiculate dull not shining and
often pubescent above densely tomentose beneath, margins recurved, cymes 2-6-
flowered tomentose short, fruit globose scarlet. Wight Ic. t. 992 ; Beddome
Fl. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. xcvii. 1. 13, f. 3. O. aftinis, DC. Prodr. ii. 632 (the Nil-
ghiri plant). O. lanata, Hort. ; Regel Oartenjl. ix. 59.

Western Peninsula, Nilghiri and Pulney Mts. ? Temperate Himalaya from
Sirmore, alt. 4-7000 ft. to Bhotan, alt. 10,000 ft., Griffith.

I have under C. microphylla stated that it is difficult to distinguish dried single-
flowered specimens of this from that plant, though in their ordinary states they are
very different, C. buxifolia having an opaque and often hoary or hairy upper surface
to the leaf, which is more regular in shape, and several-flowered cymes, with smaller
flower and fruit. I am in great doubt as to any of the Himalayan specimens referred
to this being other than 2-3-flowered states of microphylla. The C. lanata of Lindley

oc2

388 li. rosaceje. (J. D. Hooker.) [Cotoneaster.

is a garden state with rather larger leaves and long branches, both due to alteration
in habit induced by culture. Decaisne refers Hohenacker's Nilghiri specimen (n.
1154) to lanata, saying that it is not Wallich's plant, but Wallich's and Hohenacker's
specimens are identical in characters and might have come from the same branch ; and
there is certainly but one species known from the Nilghiris ; he further describes the
leaves of lanata as deciduous, whereas those of buxifolia are supposed to be persistent.
Decaisne (Mem. Fam. Pom.) gives the synonym of C. lanata as a species of Lindley's,
but I do not find it alluded to elsewhere, except as a garden name. It is cultivated at
Kew, and differs from ordinary C. buxifolia only in its greater development.

Order LII. SAXIFRAGACEffi. (By 0. B. Clarke.)

Trees shrubs or herbs. Leaves alternate and exstipulate, or stipules adnate
to the base of the petiole, or opposite and exstipulate. Inflorescence various ;
flowers hermaphrodite or polygamo-dioecious, the sepals petals and stamens
symmetrically regular. Calyx more or less adnate to the ovary, sometimes nearly
free, sometimes quite inferior ; lobes imbricate or valvate Petals 5 or 4, rarely
0, perigynous or epigynous, rarely subhypogynous, imbricate or valvate. Sta-
mens inserted with the petals, equalling or double their number, rarely numer-
ous ; staminodes or glands sometimes present between the stamens and the ovary.
Ovary of 2 or 3-5 carpels ; usually 2- or 3-5-celled with axile placentae, less
commonly 1-celled with parietal placentae ; styles as many as the carpels, dis-
tinct or combined nearly to the summits, stigmas capitate or lateral and subcapi-
tate ; ovules numerous, anatropous, erect or pendulous. Fruit capsular or berried.
Seeds numerous or several (solitary in Polyosma) albuminous ; the albumen
rarely scanty or nearly wanting. — Distrib. Species 540 ; in the cold or tempe-
rate regions of the whole world and in the mountains of the tropics ; together
with a few genera of tropical trees.

Saxifragacece is now extended to contain Saxifraga on one side, Bibes on another,
and the tropical Itea and Polyosma between ; and thus has become very difficult of
definition. Crassulacece are generally recognised by their fleshy habit and distinct
carpels. Rosacea are separated by no absolute line ; Astilbe in Saxifragacece touching
Spircea in Eosacece.
r ,
*■ Tribe I. Saxifrag eae. Herbs.

* Ovary 2-cetted.

Leaves twice ternate more than a foot long ...... 1. Astilbe.

Leaves simple 2. Saxifraga.

** Ovary 1-celled.

Flowers solitary. Petals 5. Leaves opposite 3. Vahlia.

Flowers racemose. Petals 5, minute 4. Tiabella.

Flowers solitary. Petals 0! Leafy small plants '. . . . 5. Chbysosplenium.

Scapes 1 -flowered. Petals 5. Staminodes prominent ... 6. Pabnassia.

Tribe II. Hydrang-eae. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, exstipulate,
simple. Stamens double the number of petals or more numerous. Ovary infe-
rior or half-superior.

* Stamens 8, 10 or 12.

Filaments linear. Fruit capsular 7. Hydbangea.

Petals falling off in a cap. Glabrous 8. Pileostegia.

Petals expanding. Berry blue 9. Dichboa.

Filaments winged 10. Deutzia.

** Stamens 20-40 11. Philadelphia.

Astilbe.'] lii. saxifragaceje. (C. B. Clarke.) 389

Tribe III. Escallonieae. Trees and shrubs. Stamens equalling the
petals in number. Ovary inferior or half-superior.

Leaves alternate. Seeds numerous 12. Itea.

opposite. Seeds solitary 13. Polyosma.

Tribe IV. Ribesieae. Shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple. Ovary inferior,
1-celled. Seeds immersed in pulp.

Flowers racemose or subsolitary 14. Kibes.

1. ASTILBE, Horn.

Erect herbs with a perennial creeping" rootstock. Leaves alternate, twice or
thrice ternate ; leaflets doubly serrate with prominent veins ; stipules large,
adnate to the petiole, sheathing. Flcnvers (sometimes polygamous) small, in a
terminal panicle, spicate-racemose. Calyx slightly adnate to base of ovary with
5 (rarely 4) imbricate lobes. Petals 5 or 0 (rarely 4) perigynous. Stamens 10
or 5 (rarely 8) perigynous. Carpels 2, united below, narrowed upwards into a
short style ; stigmas small capitate ; ovules numerous axile. Ripe carpels dry,
acuminate or acute at the top, divaricating, dehiscing ventrally. Seeds small,
narrow, oblong, tailed at both ends. — Distrib. Species 3 or 7 ; from the Hima-
laya, Java, Mantchuria, Japan and Virginia.

1. A. rivularis, Ham. in Don Prodr. 211 ; flowers green-yellow, petals
0, stamens 5 opposite the sepals, ripe carpels deflexed. DC. Prodr. iv. 51. Spi-
raea barbata, Wall. Cat. 705 ; Camb. in Jaeq. Voy. Bot. t. 58.

Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Bhotan, alt. 5000-9000 ft., abundant.
Khasia Mts., alt. 4000-6000 ft., very common.

Stem and leaves "with long fulvous hairs, especially about base of the petioles.
Leaflets 1-4 in., ovate, acuminate, often cordate at the base, generally scabrous on the
nerves on both surfaces. Eachis of panicle woolly-pubescent, and brown-villose ;
pedicels short with a small bract at the base. Sepals green, subglabrous, oblong, ob-
tuse, erect, £ in. Young carpels but slightly united. Ripe carpels | in. long. Seeds
numerous.— Spireea triternata, Wall. Cat. 708 is reduced to Astilbe rivularis by H.f. $
T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 74, but every "Wallichian specimen is referable to
Spireea Aruncus, L. which in fruit requires to be carefully distinguished from Astilbe
by the carpels, suddenly narrowed at top into short divergent beaks, usually 3-4 in
number, with few larger and much less tailed seeds. Astilbe speciosa Junghuhn (Miq.
Flor. Ivd. Bat. i. pt. i. 393) differs from A. rivularis by the flowers often 4-fid, the
stamens 8 or 10, the ripe carpels broader at the base.

2. A. rubra, H.f. 8f T. in Bot. Mag. t. 4959 ; petals 5 pale pink linear
or linear-spathulate twice or thrice the sepals in length, stamens 10, the 5 oppo-
site the petals shorter, ripe carpels suberect.

Khasia Mts., alt. 4000-6000 ft., Griffith, &c.

Stems and leaves with long fulvous hairs, especially about base of the petioles.
Leaflets 1-3 in., ovate, acute, sometimes cordate at the base, generally scabrous on the
nerves on both surfaces. Bachis of panicle woolly-pubescent and brown-villose ;
pedicel short with a small bract at the base. Sepals £in., green, subglabrous, oblong,
obtuse, erect. Young carpels united for a great portion of their length. Bipe carpels
£ in. long. — A. japonica, Morr. $• Decne; A. Thunbergii, Maxim.; and A. chinensis,
Maxim., differ by being more slender and less villose.

EXCLUDED SPECIES.

A. Stoliczkai, Kurz in Seem. Journ. Bot. v. 240 with simple leaves, from the North
West Himalaya probably does not belong to the genus ; may be a Spireea.

390 lii. saxifragace-E. (C. B. Clarke.) - [Sawifraga.

2. SAXIFRAGA. Linn.

Herbs, mostly small perennials. Radical leaves often rosulate ; stem leaves
alternate (in Sect. Porphyrion subopposite), exstipulate, petiole sheathing at base.
Flowers corymbose or paniculate or reduced to 3-1 ; white or yellow, rarely red.
Calyx adnate to the ovary at base (rarely free) 5-fid, imbricate. Petals 5, peri-
gynous. Stamens 10 (rarely 5) perigynous. Carpels 2 (very rarely 3-5) united
below, narrowed upwards into a style, stigma lateral subcapitate ; ovules numer-
ous, axile. Pipe Carpels dry, opening at the top ventrally. Seeds small, ellipsoid
in Indian species. — Distrib. Species 160, almost all in the Northern Hemi-
sphere ; inhabiting cool temperate, and especially alpine, localities.

Sect. I. Nephrophyllum. Calyx adnate to the base of the ovary, lobes
erect in fruit. Petals white, much exceeding the calyx. Stems erect leafy. Pa-
dical leaves petioled, reniform, lobed. Bracts 2, unequal at base of peduncles.
— In the Indian species the surculi are represented by bulbils, covered with ful-
vous hairs, forming a cluster at the base of the stem.

1. S. odontophylla, H.f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 64 ; no bulbils
in the upper axils, radical leaves crenate with 7-12 shallow rounded lobes, lobes
of stem-leaves often triangular acute. Wall. Cat. 454, partly. S. asarifolia,
Sternb. Saxifrag. Suppl. t. 24.

Western Temperate Himalaya, alt. 10,000 ft.; Kumaon, Blinkworth; Kulu,
Edgeworth ; Gurwhal, Falconer ; Lahul, JaescKke.

Laxly villose, 6-10 in. high. Flowers 3-6. Upper leaves few, sometimes 0. In
the ripe fruit the calyx -tube is short campanulate or funnel-shaped ; the lobes are
ovate-linear, approximate, with acute sinuses. — This species bears a general resem-
blance to S. granulata, but the calyx in fruit is very different. It is more difficult to
separate it from S. sibirica. Engler {Monog. Saxifrag. 99) has taken Sternb. Saxi-
frag. Suppl. t. 25 as the type of S. odontophylla, which should rather be referred to
S. sibirica.

2. S« sibirica, Linn. ; DC. Prod?-, iv. 36 ; no bulbils in" the upper axils,
radical leaves with 5-7 acute or obtuse lobes, upper stem leaves often simple
entire oblong or ovate acute. Sternb. Rev. Saxifrag. t. 25, f. 1 ; H.f.fy T. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 64 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 807 ; Engler Monog. Saxifrag.
101. S. odontophylla, Wall. Cat. 454, partim.

Western Himalaya and Kashmir, alt, 9000-14,000 ft., frequent; Boyle, Fal-
coner, T. Thomson, &c. — Distrib. From Kashmir to the Caucasus and to the
Altai.

Stem pubescent, 6-8 in high. Flowers 1-10. Calyx-tube in the ripe fruit short,
campanulate or funnel-shaped ; lobes ovate-linear, sinuses narrow. Seeds oblong, sub-
angular, quite smooth, testa minutely reticulate. Flowers and capsules smaller than
those of S. odontophylla. All the Indian specimens referred to S. granulata, Linn, by
H.f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 63 are here reduced to S. sibirica. In the ripe fruit
of S. granulata the calyx is divided only about half way down, the tube is hemi-
spherical, the lobes are oblong distant with rounded sinuses.

3. S. cernua, Linn. : DC. Prodr. i. 36; bulbils in the upper axils, flower
often terminal solitary all the lower flowers of the raceme being replaced by
sessile, purple bulbils, or flowers 2-3 pedicelled. Eng. Bot. t. 664 ; Don in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 364 ; H. f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 63 ; Engler
Monog. Sftxifrag. 106.

Western Himalaya and Western Tibet, alfc. 14,000-17,000 ft. ; N. of Ladak, T.
Thomson, C. B. Clarke ; Nubra, Strachey ; Tanglang Pass, Heyde. — Distrib. Alps of
Europe, Temperate and Arctic N. America and W. Asia.

Saxifraga.] lii. saxifragace2E. (0. B. Clarke.) 391

Stem 4-6 in. high. Kadical leaves reniform, palmately 4-6-lobed ; upper leaves
3-1 -fid passing into bracts. Calyx-tube in the ripe fruit short, campanulate or fun-
nel-shaped ; lobes ovate-linear, approximate, with acute sinuses. — Turczanimow judi-
ciously remarks (Fl. Baikal-Dahur. i. 454) that the only reason for not treating &
cernua as a var. of S. sibirica is its much wider geographical range. The very im-
perfect specimens collected by Strachey and Winterbottom in Kumaon and referred
to S. orienialis, Jacquem., by H. f. & T. doubtfully in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 63 are cer-
tainly not S. orienialis nor any species of the section Cymbalaria ; they have bulbils
in the upper axils and belong perhaps to S. cernua, j8. pauciflora, Sternb.

Sect. II. Kirculus. Sepals nearly free, in fruit patent or reflexed. Pe-
tals yellow, often with 2-4 spots near their base. Stems erect leafy. Leaves
entire withering not deciduous, lower petioled, upper sessile more or less stem-
clasping. — Distrib. All Himalayan ; S. Hirculus extending thence to Europe
and North America.

* Stem leaves loosely overlapping each other.

4. S. palpebrata, H.f fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 67; densely tufted,
stems 1-flowered, stem-leaves oblong narrower at the base, calyx half adnate to
the ripe fruit, petals obovate. Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 119.

Sixkim, alt. 13,000-15,000 ft. ; Tunkra Pass, J. D. H. Kumaon, alt. 13,000 ft.,
Ealum, Strachey §■ Winterbottom.

Stems 2-5 in. high. Leaves ciliate ; the lowest radical leaves spathulate, obtuse
or orbicular ; cauline £ in. Styles exceedingly short. Ripe carpels hardly equalling
the sepals. Seeds trigonous, ellipsoid, smooth,

5. S. cordigera, H.f. Se T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 68; tufted, stems
1-flowered, cauline leaves cordate-ovate, calyx slightly adnate to the ripe fruit,
the lobes patent, petals obovate. Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 119.

Sixkim and East Nipal, alt. 12,000-15,000 ft.; Yeumtong and Kambachen,
J. D. H. ; Yakla Pass, C. B. Clarke.

Stems 2-4 in. high. Leaves ciliate; lowest radical spathulate, obtuse or orbicular;
cauline | in. Styles exceedingly short. Ripe carpels hardly equalling the sepals.
Seeds ellipsoid, angular, smooth, testa lax somewhat plaited.

6. S. Iiychnitis, H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 68 ; tufted, stems 1-
flowered, calyx little adnate to the ripe fruit, sepals densely brown-pubescent,
petals elongate-spathulate 3-nerved. Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 120.

Sixkim, alt. 14,000-16,000 ft., Lama Kongra, J. B. H. Kumaon, alt. 14,700 ft. ;
Barji Kang Pass, Strachey $ Winterbottom.

Glandular-pubescent. Stems 1-5 in. high. Kadical leaves spathulate-ovate ; cau-
line |-| in., linear-oblong or elliptic. Petals ^-1 in. long. Styles very short. Car-
pels hardly equalling the sepals. Seed trigonous, ellipsoid, smooth.

7. S. viscidula, H. f fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 69 ; stems 3-1-
flowered, calyx slightly adnate to the ripe fruit, sepals glandular little pubescent,
petals sp&thulate-oblong 7-5-nerved. Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 120.

Sixkim, alt. 13,000-15,000 ft., J.B. H.

Glandular-pubescent. Stems 3-4 in. high. Eadical leaves spathulate-lanceolate ;
cauline £ in., oblong, subacute. Pedicels \ in. long. Petals ^ in. long. Styles not
very short.

** Upper stem leaves narrow linear, little overlapping each other ; stems 1-
Jlowered.

392 lii. saxifragacejE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Saxifraga.

8. S. aristulata, H.f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 68; tufts mosslike,
stems l£-3 in. glandular but not woolly-pubescent upwards, leaves with recurved
margins and terminated by a deciduous linear awn, petals broadly obovate.
Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 121 .

Sikkim, alt. 13,000-18,000 ft.; Yeumtong and Lachen, J. B. H.

Stem-leaves \ in., shining, glabrous. Sepals glabrous, slightly adnate to the ripe
carpels. Petals £-| in. long.

Var. 2 ; stem-leaves much larger lanceolate-linear somewhat overlapping each
other. — Sikkim, Samdong, J. B. H. This variety approaches S. brachypoda, Don.

9. S. sag"inoides, H. f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 68 ; tufts mosslike,
stems 1 in. woolly-pubescent upwards, leaves striate but hardly with recurved
margins rarely terminated by a deciduous awn, petals oblong. Engler Monog.
Saxifrag. 121.

Sikkim, alt. 10,000-18,000 ft.; Lachen, &c, J. B. H. Kumaon, alt. 13,000 ft. :
Ralum, Strachey § Winterbottom.

Stem-leaves hardly | in. long, glabrous. Sepals glabrous, slightly adnate to fruit-
ing carpels. Petals scarcely \ in. long. Fruit small. Seed trigonous, subglobose,
smooth. — Hardly to be distinguished from S. aristulata. Moreover Sir J. 1). Hooker
collected in Sikkim intermediate* forms having the woolly pubescent peduncle of S.
saginoides, with the leaves and stature of S. aristulata.

*** Upper stem-leaves not overlapping each other ; flowers corymbose, rarely
reduced to one in starved examples.

10. S. latiflora, H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 71 ; flowers 3-1
large, sepals ovate herbaceous large, radical leaves smaller than the stem-leaves.
Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 122.

Sikkim, alt. 13,000 ft. ; Kankala, J. B. H.

Stems 4-8 in. high, glabrous below, glandular-pubescent above. Leaves oblong-
elliptic ; radical petiolate, glandulose-ciliate ; cauline 1£ by £-1 in. Petals ovate-
oblong, naked at the base, a little exceeding the sepals. Styles very short. Capsule
ovate-oblong. — Resembles S. diversifolia but has finer flowers.

11. S. Kir cuius, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iv.44; surculi decumbent, leaves sub-
glabrous radical petioled narrow-spathulate cauline oblong narrowed at both
ends, flowers 3-1, petals narrow obovate. Eng. Bot. t. 1009 ; Dim in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xiii. 372 ; H.f.fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 69 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii.
808 ; Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 122.

Var. 1. typica; stems 6-12 in. 1-3-flowered, cauline leaves £-1 in., sepals
strongly deflexed, base often brown -villous externally, petals 2-3 times the sepals
golden with red dots and 2 pits at the base, styles very short. Not yet collected in
India.— Distrib. Arctic regions ; Alps of Europe to the Caucasus.

Var. 2. indica ; peduncles very brown villous, capsule much shorter oval-oblong,
sepals hardly deflexed even on the ripe fruit, petals shorter 1-2 times the calyx,
styles often wanting, with no obvious stigmas, but the capsules produce good seed. —
North Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 11,000-17,000 ft., Falconer, T. Thomson, J. B. H.,
&c.

Var. 3. hirculoides (sp.) Bene, in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 78 ; stems 2-3 in. often very
villous upwards ; like var. 2 but the petals have no pits or glands at the base and are
shorter than sepals, or scarcely exceed them.

Kashmir, Jacquemont. "Western Tibet, alt. 17,000 ft. ; Balch Pass, Strach. §
Winterb.

Var. 4. subdioica; like var. 3, but the stems are 3-6 in. high, and carry 4-10
shortly corymbose or altogether congested flowers ; the stigmas are obscure and some

Saxifraga.] lii. saxifragace^:. (C. B. Clarke.) 393

of the flowers seem functionally male, though in others with no visible stigmas there
are perfected seeds. S. Hirculus, var. y. H.f. Sr T. in. Joum. Linn. Soc. ii. 69.
Western Tibet ; Falconer; Lanak Pass, alt. 15-17,000 ft., T. Thomson.

12. S. nutans, H.f. fy T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. ii. 69; pedicels short,
flowers 6-12 subracemose nodding, sepals with black glands and densely pubes-
cent. Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 124.

Sikkim, alt. 10,000-12,000 ft., J. D. H.

Stem 5-10 in. high, densely glandular-pubescent upwards. Radical leaves petioled,
oblong, obtuse ; cauline about 1 in., sessile, broadly oblong. Petals pale yellow, spa-
thulate, 1 £ times the calyx. Styles short.

13. S. diversifolia, Wall, in Sterrib. Saxifrag. Sujtpl. t. 22 ; flowers
corymbose rarely 3-2, sepals ovate-oblong small, cauline leaves sessile often cor-
date and amplexicaul, radical leaves long-petioled often large. Wall. Cat. 452 ;
DC. Prodr. iv. 44 ; Hook. Lond. Joum. Bat. iv. t. 21 ; H.f. fy T. in Joum. Linn.
Soc. ii. 70; Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 125. S. parnassifolia, Wall. Cat. 451,
partly ; Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 405 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 25 ; Sternb. Saxifrag.
Suppl. t. 25. S. Moorcroftiana, Wall. Cat. 453 ; Sternb. Saxifrag. Suppl. t. 2*4.
S. lysimachoides, Klotzsch in. JReis. Pr. Waldem. Bat. t. 42.

Alpine Himalaya ; from Kashmir to Bhotan, alt. 9000-17,000 ft., abundant.

Sterns 8-18 in. high, leafy, glandular, often finally glabrous. Radical leaves long-
petioled, narrowed into the petiole or (var. parnassifolia) ovate, subcordate ; cauline
4-2 in., ovate or broad oblong. Sepals at length reflexed. Petals with 4 stalked
glands at their base, 1^-2 times the sepals. Styles very short. Capsule ovate-oblong.
Seeds angular, testa smooth somewhat plaited.

14. S. corymbosa, H.f.$. T. inJoxmx. Linn. Soc. ii. 70 ; flowers corym-
bose rarely 3-1, leaves shining generally glabrous, radical leaves long-petioled
lanceolate not large, peduncles glandular upwards not villous. Engler Monog.
Saxifrag. 126. S. parnassifolia, Wall. Cat. 451, partly.

Sikxem and Eastern Nipai/, alt. 11,000-14,000 ft.; Lachoong, &c, Wallanchoon,
J. D. H, C. B. Clarke.

Stems 3-8 in. high, much less stout than those of S. diversifolia. Stem-leaves
£-1 in., oblong or ovate, sometimes sessile and stem-clasping, sometimes narrowed
suddenly just above the base. Petals obovate, twice the sepals. Styles short. Capsule
ovate ; sepals at length deflexed. Seeds ellipsoid, subtrigonous, smooth.

This differs from S. diversifolia in being much smaller with smaller leaves and
flowers. The starved 1-3-flowered examples of S. corymbosa may be distinguished
from the Indian S. Hirculus by the peduncles being glandular but scarcely brown -
villose.

Sect. Til. Boraphila (as to the Indian species). Sepals more or less
united, patent or reflexed in fruit. Petals white. Leaves undivided, dentate or
crenate.

15. S. strig-osa, Wall, in Sternb. Saxifi-ag. Supjrf. t. 22 ; whole plant
strigose, leaves near the base of the stem falsely rosulate, upper leaves small al-
ternate sessile deflexed, calyx in fruit patent nearly free. Wall. Cat. 448 ; H.f.
8r T. in. Joum. Linn. Soc. ii. 64 ; Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 136.

Central and Western Himalaya ; Nipai. ; Gossain Than, Wallich ; Sixxim, alt.
9000-14,000 ft. ; Lachen, Lachoong, J. D. H.; Singalelah, C. B. Clarke. Bhotan,
Griffith.

Stem 4-8 in. high, somewhat rigid, paniculate upwards ; upper axils generally
producing hispid bulbils, so that the flowers are only 1-3. Lower subrosulate leaves

394 lit. saxifragacej:. (C. B. Clarke.) \_8cuxifraga.

1-2 in., sessile, oblong-lanceolate, with one or two acute teeth. Petals small, exceed-
ing the sepals. Styles short. Capsule less than \ in. long. Seeds minute, smooth,
elliptic, angular.

16. S. pallida, Wall, in Sternb. Saxifrag. Suppl. t. 23 ; scape 2-6 in.
leafless with narrow bracts at the divisions of the corymb or simple, calyx in
fruit adnate to base of ovary for one-third its length, lobes finally recurved,
petals twice sepals, capsule £-§ in. long. Wall. Cat. 450 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 38 ;
H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 65 ; Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 140.

Alpine Himalaya; Sikkim, alt. 13,000-17,000 ft. ; Lachen, Kankala, &c, J.B. H.
Nipal ; Gossain Than, Wallich. Kumaon, alt. 14,500 ft. ; Barji Kang Pass, Strachey
§■ Winterbottom.

•Slightly pubescent, sometimes glabrous. Eadical leaves long-petioled, ovate, den-
tate-crenate. Flowers and fruit very variable in size, sometimes not larger than in
the next species. Style hardly any. Seeds ellipsoid, longitudinally striated by 10-12
rows of tubercles.

17. S- micrantha, Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 50 ; scape 4-8 in.
high leafless (rarely 1-leaved) with leaflike bracts at the lower divisions of
the corymb, calyx in fruit shortly adnate to base of ovary, lobes finally recurved,
petals hardly exceeding sepals, capsule seldom more than £ in. long. H.f. 8f T.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 64 ; Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 141.

Alpine Eastern and Western Himalaya, alt. 9000-11,000 ft. ; Edgeworth ; Dhurm-
sala, C. B. Clarke; Gurwhal, Falconer. Sikkim, alt. 10,000-14,000 ft.; Lachen,
Tungu, J. D. H.

Pubescent. Kadical leaves long-petioled, ovate, dentate-crenate. Style exceedingly
short. Seeds ellipsoid, longitudinally striated by 10-12 rows of tubercles. — This spe-
cies will perhaps be merged in the preceding when more material accumulates.

Sect. IV. Microphylla. Flowers solitary, yellow or white, on leafless
peduncles, £-2 in. high. — Tufts dense formed by the stems 1-3 in. long, branch-
ing and crowded, covered upwards with densely whorled undivided small obtuse
leaves about \ in. long.

18. S. imbricata, Eoyle III. 226, t. 49; uppermost leaves with a per-
forated whitened pit at their apex, flowers sessile, sepals ovate obtuse glabrous or
slightly ciliate pubescent. H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 62 ; Engler
Monogr. Saxifrag. 264.

Alpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to Kashmir, alt 12,000-17,000 ft., Boyle, Jacque-
mont, J. B. H., &c.

Leaves £-^ in., obovate-elliptic, glabrous or a little ciliate, hardly glandular. Pe-
tals narrow, twice the sepals, deciduous ; white (C. B. Clarke noted in the field, also
Jacquemont and Jaeschke) ; yellow in the figure of Eoyle. Fruit less than % in. long.
— All the examples now referred surely to S. imbricata at Kew exhibit some perforated
leaves ; var. y. and 5. of H. f. & T. (in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 62) must be referred
elsewhere.

19. S. hemisphaerica, H.f.fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 62; upper-
most leaves with a broad scariose laciniated margin, flowers subsessile, sepals
ovate obtuse erect in fruit slightly pubescent. Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 212.

Sikkim, alt. 17,000-18,000 ft., Mt. Donkiah, J. B. H.

Lower leaves \ in., oblong, entire, glabrescent, upper shorter, ciliate. Petals 0 in
the fruiting specimens alone collected by Sir J. D. Hooker, probably deciduous as in
S. imbricata. Fruit less than \ in. long.

Saxifraga.~\ lii. saxifragace^. (C. B. Clarke.) 395

20. S. perpusilla, H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 72 ; flowers yellow
on glandular peduncles 3— f in. high, uppermost leaves about £ in. obovate-oblong
concave white ciliate on edges otherwise glabrous, sepals ciliolate erect in fruit.
Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 210.

Sikkim, alt. 16,000-17.000 ft. ; Mt. Donkiah, J. D. H.

Stems scarcely an inch long. Petals golden, twice the sepals, oblong, persistent.
Styles very short. Fruit ovate, subquadrate, shorter than the petals. — The tufts are
small, the leaves and sepals very small.

21. S. microphylla, Bogle in Herb. Bth. ex H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. ii. 72 ; peduncles puberulous about \ in., leaves oblong glabrous, sepals
much adnate below erect in fruit, petals 0 or oblong coriaceous equal to the
sepals (green-white ?). Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 210.

Western Himalaya, Boyle. Kumaon, alt. 14,700 ft. ; Barji Kang Pass, Strachcy
and Winterbottom.

Still smaller than S. 'perpusilla, with inconspicuous flowers. Bipe carpels acumi-
nated upwards, sometimes united conically to the top.

22. S. Jacquemontiana, Dene, in Jacq. Vog. Bot. t. 78 ; flowers
golden subsessile or on a glandular peduncle $ in. long, uppermost leaves ob-
ovate-oblong, sepals broad-elliptic glandular-pubescent patent or finally deflexed.
H.f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 71 ; Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 211.

Alpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to Kashmir, alt. 13,000-18,000 ft.; Jacque-
onont, Edgeworth, J. B. H., &c.

Lower leaves ^-\ in., orbicular or elliptic, glabrescent ; upper glandular-pubescent
or nearly glabrous. Petals \ in. long, nearly twice the sepals, elliptic, persistent.
Fruit ovate, shorter than the petals. Seeds minute, ellipsoidal, smooth, testa reticu-
lated not tuberculate.

Var. 2. £. Stella-aurea ; Up,) H. f. $. T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 72; peduncles
i-2 in.— from Sikkim to Kashmir, alt. 13,500-17,000 ft. ; J. B. H.

Sect. V. Flozvers yellow, on sparsely leafy peduncles 1-3 in. from tufts formed
by weak stems clothed upwards with subrosulate undivided spathulate-oblong
small leaves £-£ in. long.

23. S. ramulosa, Wall, in Sternb. Saxifrag. Suppl. t. 26; peduncles
glandular-pubescent 1-2-flowered, upper rosulate leaves glabrous rigid oblong
often with 1-5 pits on their front margin, sepals glandular-pubescent in fruit
much adnate, lobes triangular suberect. Wall. Cat. 446 ; DC Brodr. iv.
21 ; Bogle III. t. 49 (bad) ; H.f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 62 ; Engler Mo-
nog. Saxifrag. 268. S. glandulifera, Jacquem. Journ.

Central and Western Himalaya, from Nipal to Kashmir, alt. 8500-12,000 ft. ;
Wallich, Jacquemont, Strachey $ Winterbottom, &c.

Stems 2-6 in. long, branches crowded into tufts ; branches barren or producing a
flower-stem, terminated by rosulate crowded leaves. Eosulate leaves spathulate-ob-
long, sometimes very small, sometimes £ in., margins cartilaginous ; leaves on the
peduncle linear-spathulate or narrow- oblong. Petals obovate, clawed, much exceed-
ing the sepals. Carpels in fruit narrowed upwards. — A species by the texture and
perforations of its leaves allied to S. imbricata ; which differs by its sessile flowers
and its less glandular-pubescent sepals.

24. S. umbellulata, H.f $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 71 ; flower-stems
2-3£ in., peduncles 1-5 umbelled very glandular, rosulate leaves narrowly spa-
thulate glabrous or slightly ciliate-pubescent. Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 222.

396 lii. SAXiFRAGACEJi. (C. B. Clarke.) [Saxifraga.

Sikkim, alt. 12,000-14,000 ft. ; Tungu, J. D. H.

Kosulate leaves £ in., cauline \ in. long, narrow oblong, very glandular-pubescent.
Peduncles £-l£ in. Petals nearly double the sepals, golden.

Sect. VI. Spinuloses. Flowers yellow, peduncled, solitary or few.
Stems elongate, 2-8 in. long, uniformly leafy ; i.e. no whorled leaves either at
the base or summit. Leaves £-f in. long, acute, rigid, often spinulose.

25. S. brachypoda, Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 378 ; stem simple
1 -flowered glabrous below often bearing bulbils in the upper axils, peduncle glan-
dular-scabrous rarely glabrate, leaves linear-lanceolate shining half stem-clasping
glabrous or shortly spinulose on the margin. Don Prodr. 209 ; Sternb. Saxi-
frag. Suppl. t. 24; DC. Prodr. iv. 46 ; H.f. $ T. injourn. Linn. Soc. ii. 66;
Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 218. S. glandulosa, Wall. Cat. MS ; DC. Prodr. iv.
45.

Alpine Himalaya, from Bhotan to Kumaon, alt. 9000-13,000 ft., common.

Leaves about f in., densely imbricate, ascending or reflexed. Sepals ovate, acute,
little pubescent, suberect in fruit. Petals broad, golden, much exceeding the sepals.
Styles not much shorter than the ripe carpels. Seeds ellipsoid, subtrigonous, smooth.

26. S. nmbriata, Wall, in DC. Prodr. iv. 45; stem simple 1- rarely
2- 3-flowered glabrous or sparsely ciliate below often bearing bulbils in the
upper axils, peduncle glandular-scabrous, leaves lanceolate shining cordate at
base but not stem-clasping, margins prominently spinulose. Wall. Cat. 443 ; H.
f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 67 ; Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 218. S. Wallichi-
ana, Sternb. Saxifrag. Suppl. t. 22.

Alpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to Kumaon, alt. 11,000-14,000 ft.; Wallich,
J. D. H., Strachey <$f Winterbottom.

Leaves about § in., densely imbricate, ascending or reflexed. Sepals ovate, obtuse,
very glandular-pubescent, suberect in fruit. Petals broad, golden, much exceeding
the sepals. Styles not much shorter than the carpels in fruit. — This hardly differs
from S. brachypoda.

27. S. filicaulis. Wall, in Sternb. Saxifrag. Suppl. t. 23; stems glandu-
lar-pilose much branched, branches 1-flowered, leaves £-f in. linear-oblong mi-
nutely denticulate. Wall. Cat. 445 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 46 ; H.f. $ T. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. ii. 66 ; Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 221.

Alpine Western Himalaya, Gurwhal and Kumaon, alt. 10,000-11,500 ft. ; Wal-
lich, Falconer, Edgeworth, T. Thomson, &c.

Bulbiferous sometimes in the upper axils. Sepals small, ovate, glandular-pilose,
erect in fruit. Petals golden, more than twice the sepals. Styles in fruitlittle shorter
than the carpels.

28. S. hispidula, Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 380 ; stems hispid
glandular simple 1-3-flowered, leaves £-£ in. long oblong-lanceolate acute entire
or often 1-3-toothed hispid on both surfaces. Don Prodr. 210 ; DC. Prodr.
iv. 46; H.f. § T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 67 ; Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 222.
S. evolvuloides, Wall. Cat. 447 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 46 ; Sternb. Saxifrag. Suppl.
t.23. Q

Alpine Himalaya, from Bhotan to Nipal, alt. 13-15,000 ft. Nipal, Grossain
Than, Wallich ; Bhotan, Griffith; Sikkim, Kankola, J. D.H., Jongri, C. B. Clarke.

Barely bulbiferous in the upper axils. Sepals narrow, ovate, hispid-glandular,
erect in fruit. Petals golden, obovate, near twice the sepals. Styles short. Seeds
ellipsoid, subtrigonous, smooth.

Saxifrage/,.] lii. saxifragacejE. (C. B. Clarke.) 397

Sect. VII. Flag-ellares. Flowers yellow, on leafy stems 2-8 in high
rising from a basal tuft of rosulate leaves ; from this tuft spread horizontally
leafless thread-like surculi which terminate in rooting buds. Stem leaves entire,
narrow.

29. S. Brunoniana, Wall, in Sternb. Saxifrag. Suppl. t. 23 ; steins
corymbosely 1-10-flowered, pedicels long often 1-2 in., leaves linear acute shin-
ing, margins spinulose. Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 223. S. Brunonis, Wall.
Cat.Ul; DC. Prodr. iv. 45; H.f. 8r T.inJourn. Linn. Soc. ii. 66.

Temperate Himalaya, from Sikkim to Kashmir, alt. 16,000 ft.; Wallich, Jacque-
mont, T. Thomson, J. D. H., &c.

Glabrous ; 2-8 in. high. Eosulate leaves |-f in. ; cauline usually small. Spals
elliptic-oblong, small, patent in fruit. Petals 3 or 4 times the length of the sepals,
oblong-elliptic. Styles short. Seed ellipsoid, smooth, most minutely papillose.

30. S. pilifera, H.f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 66 ; stems corymbosely
1-4-nowered, pedicels short about ^ in., leaves hardly £ in. spathulate-linear or
oblong, margins not spinulose, petals equalling the sepals. Engler Monog. Saxi-
frag. 223.

Sikkim, alt. 14-15,000 ft., J. D. H.

Stems 1-3 in. high, pubescent. Leaves £- £ in., cauline pubescent, rosulate, nearly
glabrous. Sepals much adnate in fruit into a campanulate tube ; lobes obtuse, erect.
Styles short. Ripe carpels very small.

31. S. flag" ell aris, Willd. in Sternb. Saxifrag. t. 6; stems 2-8 in
high corymbosely 1-10-flowered, pedicels 0-2 in., cauline leaves linear-lanceolate
pubescent ciliate or subspinulose, petals golden much exceeding the sepals
sometimes \ in. long. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 373 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 45 ;
Ledeb. Ic. Fl. Ross. t. 321 ; H.f. Sr T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 65 ; Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 809 ; Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 223. S. myosotifolia, Pall, ex Don in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 373 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 45. S. stenophylla, Royle III. t. 50 ;
H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 65. S. Hoffmeisteri, Klotzsch in Reis. Pr.
Waldem. Bot. t. 41. S. aurea and S. radicans, Jacq. Voy. Bot.\ with some
others ; but S. aspera, Willd., sometimes quoted here, does not belong.

Alpine Himalaya, from Kashmir and Kumaon, alt. 13,500-17,000 ft., common,
to Sikkim, alt. 18,000 ft., Lama Kongra, J. D. H. — Distrib. North Asia, Arctic
regions and Kocky Mountains.

Stems pubescent upwards. Sepals oblong, pubescent, slightly adnate and erect
in fruit. Petals often with red lines (not dots) near the base. Styles short. Seeds
ellipsoid, smooth, testa reticulate and microscopically punctulate. — This species is
called polymorphic, but without very good reason, the following three varieties being
distinguished by trivial characters only, and running into each other. The Eocky
Mountain var. setigera (sp. of Pursh) is more remote by the calyx much adnate to the
fruit.

Var. 1. typica; leaves pubescent, margins a little ciliate.

Var. 2. mucronulata (Royle sp.) ; leaf margins more ciliate or glistening and
subspinulose.

Var. 3. stenophylla (Royle sp.) ; lower leaves and stem less pubescent or nearly
glabrous.

Sect. VIII. Porphyrion. Leaves sub-opposite, small, often with a pore
at the apex. Flowers solitary, red or purple.

32. S- oppositifolia, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iv. 17 ; rosulate leaves \~$ in.
obovate glabrous or the upper ciliolate, no disc surrounding the carpels. Engl.

398 lii. SAXIFRAGACE.E. (C. B. Clarke.) ; [Saxifraga.

Bot. t. 9 ; Bern, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 400 ; H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
ii. 62 •, Engler Monog. Saccifrag. 276.

Western Tibet, alt. 15-17,000 ft.; Sassar, T. Thomson.— Distrib. Alps of Eu-
rope and Asia, Arctic Eegions.

Stems 1-2 in. long, much branched and crowded, forming dense tufts. Leaves
densely crowded, Flowering stems from the ends of the branches, £-2 in. long, with
decussate opposite (or altogether alternate) leaves. Sepals ovate-oblong, nearly gla-
brous, erect in fruit, adnate to the ovary at the base. Petals § in. long, obovate-
oblong, twice the sepals. Seeds ellipsoid, rugulose, minutely papillose. — In Dr.
Thomson's specimens some flowers have 3 carpels.

Sect. IX. Bergenia. Rootstock stout. Leaves ample, undivided, with a
large sheath at the base of the petiole. Scape corymbose, 6-18 in. high. Petals
white or red. Calyx-lohes erect in fruit. Seeds much larger than in other sec-
tions, elongate, subpyraniidal, smooth.

33. S. ligrulata, Wall, in Asiat. Research, xiii. 398, with a figure ; leaves
orbicular or obovate quite entire ciliate, base cordate, pedicels and calyx glabrous,
calyx-teeth ovate not narrowed at base, fruit-pedicels cernuous. Wall. Cat. 449 ;
Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 348 ; Hook. JSxot. Flora, i. t. 49 (excellent) ; Hook.
Hot. Mag. t. 3406 (the sepals too acute, and the leaves too undulate) ; DC.
Prodr. iv. 38 ; H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 60.

Temperate Himalaya, from Bhotan to Kashmir, alt. 7-10,000 ft., common.
Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft.

Leaves a foot in diam. in Khasia ; smaller in Bhotan until 2 in. diam. in Kumaon ;
glabrous on both surfaces, dotted on the lower. Petals ^-1 in. long, white or rose or
purplish, orbicular with a claw of variable length. Fruit subglobose. Styles very
long. Carpels sometimes 3.

Var. 2. ciliata ; Boyle III. t. 49 (sp.) ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4915 ; H. f. $ T. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 60 ; leaves hirsute on both surfaces. — Nipal and Kumaon, alt.
6-8000 ft.; Boyle. T. Thomson, Edgeworth, Strachey and Winterbottom.

34. S. Stracheyi, H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 61 ; leaves obovate
scarcely cordate at base, pedicels and calyx pubescent or puberulous, calyx-teeth
oblong, often wider above their base, fruit-pedicels generally erect. ? S. ligulata,
var. 7., H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 61 ; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 65.

Kumaon and Kashmir, alt. 8000-14,000 ft., common.

Leaves glabrous on both surfaces margin either subentire ciliate, or crenate-
serrate. Petals white or rose, or (according to a field note of Dr. Thomson's) yellow.
Fruit ovate-lanceolate. Styles long.

35. S. purpurascens, H.f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 61 ; leaves
glabrous obovate entire, margins undulate, pedicels very pubescent, flowers nod-
ding, calyx-lobes very obtuse. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5066.

Sikxim, alt. 10-15,000 ft.; Lachen, J. D. H. ; Yakla Pass, C. B. Clarke
Leaves 2-3 in. diam., punctate beneath. Petals f in. long, obovate-oblong. Styles
long. Carpels elliptic-lanceolate. Fruit erect.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

Saxifraga from Karnag in Tibet, stated to be near S. diapensoides by Kurz
(Flora, 1872, 286) is quite unknown to me. It is not described.

Vahlia.'] lii. saxifragace^. (C. B. Clarke.) 399

3. VAHLIA, Thanh.

Annual or biennial herbs. Leaves opposite, entire ; stipules 0. Flowers ax-
illary, usually geminate, subsessile or pedicelled. Calyx-tube entirely adherent
to the ovary ; lobes 5, valvate, persistent in fruit. Petals 5, epigynous. Stamens
5, epigynous. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, with 2 pendulous niany-ovuled placentas ;
styles 2, stigma capitellate. Capsule dehiscing at the apex between the styles.
Seeds numerous, minute, ellipsoid, smooth. — Distrib. Species 3 ; in tropical and
subtropical Asia, and in tropical and South Africa.

1. V. viscosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 89 ; flowers subsessile geminate or soli-
tary in nearly all the upper axils, filaments with a minute hairy scale at the
base. W. $ A. Prodr. 364 ; Wight Lc. t. 563 ; H.f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
ii. 74 ; Dalz. 8> Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 90 ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 383. V. sessiliflora,
Wall. Cat. 7188; DC. Prodr. iv. 54. V. Weldenii, Reich. Hort. Rot. t. 91 ; DC.
Prodr. iv. 53. Bistella geminiflora, Delile Centurie PL oVAfriq. No. 91, with a

figure. Oldenlandia digyna, Retz Obs. iv. 23.

Dry places of India, from Ceylon to Bundelkund- and the Punjab, frequent. —
Distrib. Persia, Egypt, tropical Africa.

Glandular-pubescent. Stem 6-12 in. high, erect or diffuse, branched. Leaves
^-1 in. long, subsessile, oblong, narrowed at both ends, ovate or lanceolate. Petals
about £ in. long, white (ex Roxb. yellow), obovate. Stamens and styles about | in.
long in the Indian specimens, these parts much larger and the filaments pubescent in
the African var. Weldenii. Capsule about £ in. diam., subglobose. — This and the suc-
ceeding species when in fruit must be carefully distinguished from Oldenlandia which
has the capsule completely 2-celled. The leaves of Vahlia have often a connecting
line as if falsely stipulate. Mitreola which differs by its single style is also mixed with
Vahlia in Herbaria.

2. V. oldenlandioides, 'Roxb. Fl. Lnd. ii. 89; peduncles |-£ in. long
from nearly all the upper axils mostly 2-flowered, filaments naked at the base.

W. 8f A. Prodr. 364 ; Wight Lll. t. 115 ; Lc. t. 562 ; H.f. $ T. in Journ. Linn.
>\,oc. ii. 74 ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 384. V. Oldenlandia?, DC. Prodr. iv. 54 ;

Wall. Cat. 7187. V. silenoides, DC. Prodr. iv. 54.

Tropical dry portion of the "Western Peninsula and Ceylon ; Shuter, Perottet,
Roxburgh, Wight, &c. — Distrib. Tropical Africa.

Glandular-pubescent upwards. Stem 3-12 in. high, erect or diffuse, branched.
Leaves \-1 in. long, subsessile, linear or linear-ovate. Calyx-lobes not exceeding the
tube. Petals about £ in. long, white, obovate. Capsule about £ in. diam., subglobose.

4. TI A REZ.X. A, Linn.

Slender erect herbs ; root perennial. Leaves alternate ; radical long-petioled
with large stipules adnate to base of petiole ; stipules of upper leaves small. Ra-
ceme terminal, subebracteate. Calyx shortly adnate to the ovary ; lobes 5, valvate.
Petals 5, white, or 0. Stamens 10; the 5 alternate with sepals sometimes without
anthers. Ovary 1-celled of 2 carpels ending in two styles ; ovules numerous,
attached to two nearly basal placentas. Ripe carpels very unequal, diverging at top,
and dehiscing ventrally. Seeds 6-16, near the base of the fruit, ellipsoid, smooth.
— Distrib. Species 5, one Himalayan and Japanese ; the other 4 North
American.

1. T. polyphylla, Don Prodr. 210 ; stem-leaves several all petioled
cordate-ovate subpentagonal crenate-serrate, petals small linear or 0, fruit cernuous

400 Lir. saxifragace£. (C. B. Clarke.) [Tiarella.

glabrous. Wall. Cat. 437 : DC. Prodr. iv. 50 ; H.f. # T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
ii. 74.

Temperate Central and Eastern Himalaya; from Bhotan to Nipal, alt.
8-11,000 ft.; Wallich, Griffith, J. D. H., &c— Disteib. Japan.

Stem 6-18 in. high, pubescent. Leaves pilose on both surfaces, lower long-peti-
oled, blade 1-3 in. diam. Sepals £in. long, whitish, glandular. Petals when present
shorter than the sepals. Pipe carpels one \ in. long, the other £ in.

5. CHSYSOSPLEN2U3K, Linn.

Weak, succulent herbs, growing in damp or watery places. Leaves undivided,
petioled ; stipules 0. Floivers axillary and terminal, short-pedicelled, small, green
or yellow, 4-merous in the Indian species, rarely 5-merous. Calyx-tube adnate
to the ovary ; lobes 4, imbricate. Petals 0. Statnens 8 (or 4), subepigynous.
Ovary 1 -celled, 2-lobed above ; styles sbort ; ovules numerous, attached to
parietal placentae alternating with the stigmas. Capsule half-superior, dehiscing
at top crosswise. Seeds small, ellipsoid. — Distrib. Species 22 ; North Europe,
Asia (South to the Himalaya) and A nerica ; in the Andes to Magellan's Straits.

* Leaves opposite.

1. C. nepalense, Don Prodr. 210; glabrous, branched, or in water
tufted, leaves ovate or subcordate obtuse crenate, flowers subsessile, seeds smooth
shining chestnut-brown. Wall. Cat. 438; DC. Prodr. iv. 48; H. f. $ T. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 72 ; Maxim, in Bull. Acad. Petersb. Mel. Biol. ix. 766.

Temperate Himalaya; from Bhotan to Kumaon, alt. 7000-10,000 ft., frequent.

A decumbent, weak species, with branches 6-8 in. long, closely resembling C. op-
positifolium, L., which only differs in having its leaves entire or obsoletely crenate.

Maximowicz (in Bull. Acad. Petersb. Mel. Biol. ix. 767) has founded a new Hima-
layan species C. sulcatum, Maxim, on Wall. Cat. 438 ; which differs from C. nepalense
in having the seeds profoundly 12-sulcate ; but the examples of "Wall. Cat. 438 at Kew
exhibit the smooth seeds of C. nepalense.

2. C. trichospermum, Edgw. MSS.-, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
ii. 73 ; glabrous, branched, leaves ovate or elliptic obtuse crenate, flowers shortly
pedicelled, seeds globose shining chestnut-brown covered with golden 1 -celled
linear papillae. Maxim, in Bull. Acad. Petersb. Mel. Biol. ix. 767.

Temperate "Western Himalaya, alt. 7-8000 ft. ; Edgeworth, Madden ; Dwali,
alt. 8000 ft., in Kumaon, Strach. Sf Winterbottom.

A rather stouter plant than C. nepalense, the leaves £-§ in. diam.

** Leaves alternate ; plant glabrous.

3. C. alternifolium, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iv. 48 ; stem weak succulent
suberect 2-8 in. long, leafless (or 1-leaved) except at the base and the summit,
radical leaves long-petioled suborbicular crenate-lobed, flowers subsessile. Engl.
Bot. t. 54 -, H. f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 73 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 813 ;
Maxim, in Bull. Acad. Petersb. Mel. Biol. ix. 760.

Sikkim, alt. 12,000-15,000 ft. ; Kankola, J. D. if.— Distrib. Alpine and Arctic
Europe, Asia and N. America.

Leaves \-% in. diam., oval or cordate, rounded at the top, floral leaves golden
yellow. Seeds shining, smooth.

4. C. carnosum, LL.f. Sf T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 73; tufted, stems
2-4 in. high erect thick leafy, radical leaves represented by short sheathing

CTmjsosplenium.'] lii. saxipragace/E. (C. B. Clarke.) 401

scales, flowers sessile. C. carnosuluru, Maxim, in Bull. Acad. Peters., Mel. Biol.
ix. 757.

Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 14-15,000 ft., Yeumtong and Kankola 'near the per-
petual snow,' J. D. H.

Leaves about \ in.diam., glossy, very deep green, elliptic, obtuse, crenate-dentate.
Flowers lurid. Calyx segments purple. — This may prove only an extreme form of
C. alter nifolium.

5. C. G-riffithii, H.f. # T.inJourn. Linn. Soc. ii. 74; stems 4-6 in.
high suberect, leafy at the summit, radical leaves represented by short sheathing
scales, leaves reniform-cordate deeply crenate-lobate, flowers pedicelled. Maxim.
in Bull. Acad. Petersb., Mel. Biol. ix. 759.

Bhotan ; Griffith.

Leaves £-1 in. broad ; lobes 6-16, very obtuse, often £ in. deep. — Very near C. nu-
dicaule, Bunge.

6. C. tenellum, H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 73; stems filiform
procumbent interlacing leafy, leaves reniform cordate crenate-lobate, flowers
scattered pedicelled, seeds smooth shining. Maxim, in Bull. Acad. Petersb., Mel.
Biol. ix. 762.

Temperate Western Himalaya ; Kedarkanta in Gtuuwhal, Boyle ; Madhari Pass,
in Kumaon, alt. 10,000 ft., Strachey $ Winterbottom.

Stems 1-3 in. long. Leaves § in. broad, with 4-8 shallow lobes ; radical long-
petioled.

*** Leaves alternate; plant pubescent.

7. C. lanuginosum, H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 74 ; stem
3-8 in. high erect leafy, corymb loose terminal sparingly leafy, leaves 1-2 in.
long elliptic slightly crenate. 0. adoxoides, Maxim, in Bull. Acad. Petersb., Mel.
Biol. ix. 760. Saxifraga adoxioides, Griff. Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 570.

Eastern Himalaya; Bhotan, alt. 7500-8000 ft., Griffith. Sikkim, alt.
7-9000 ft., T. Anderson, C. B. Clarke.

Whole plant pubescent and with brown-red wool. Corymb, when well developed,
2-3 in. across, with leaf-like bracts at a few of the divisions. — Sometimes stunted and
more compact.

6. PARNASSIA, Linn.

Glabrous perennial scapigerous herbs. Scape angular, 1-flowered, often
bearing one leaf in the middle, more rarely naked or with several leaves. Leaves
entire, radical long-petioled. Calyx-tube free or adnate to the ovary, the lobes
5, imbricate. Petals 5, white or pale yellow. Stamens 5, perigynous or nearly
hypogynous, alternate with 5 large staminodes. Ovary 1-celled ; style short
with 3-4 (or 5) nearly simple stigmas ; ovules numerous attached to the parie-
tal placentae opposite the stigmas. Capsule superior or half-inferior, loculici-
dally 3-4-valved. Seeds many, obovoid or subcylindric, smooth, testa sometimes
lax ; albumen hardly any ; (in which point Parnassia differs from the character
of the order Saxifrayacece and is therefore placed by some authors elsewhere). —
Distrib. Northern temperate hemisphere, extending south to the mountains of
the Indian Peninsula. Species 12.

Sect. I. Nectarodroson. Staminodes ending in numerous long gland-
bearing processes. Petals entire.

1. P. palustris, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 320 : leaves cordate at the base,
cauline usually solitary, processes of the staminodes 7-21. Eng. Bot. t. 82 ;
Bois. Fl. Orient, ii. 814 ; Drude. in Liancea, xxxix. 307.

VOL. II. D D

402 lii. saxifragace^:. (C. B. Clarke.) [Pamassia.

Western Tibet, Falconer ; Skardo in Baltistan, alt. 7500 ft. T. Tlwmson, C.
B. Clarke. — Distrib. Subalpine and subarctic regions.

Petals ovate-elliptic with a broad claw. Stamens nearly hypogynous. Carpels 4.
Capsule superior or nearly so, oblong-elliptic, much longer than the sepals. Seeds
cylindric ; testa loosely reticulate.

Sect. II. Fimb rip et alum. Staminodes ending in several long gland-
bearing processes. Petals fimbriate.

2. P. foliosa, H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 79 ; stem with 4-8
leaves, staminodes ending in 3 long processes each tipped with a distinctly clubbed
gland. P. foliosa and P. Numniularia, Drude in Linneea, xxxix. 313.

Khasia Mts., alt. 5000-6000 ft., Moflong to Syung and at Nonkrem, J. D. H. and
T. Thomson. — Distrib. West China and Japan.

Stem 8-12 in. high. Radicalteaws orbicular, deeply cordate. Sepals patent or
reflexed. Petals ovate above a short claw, fimbriated around their whole edge. Carpels 4.
Capsule superior or nearly so, long-ellipsoid, much longer than the sepals.

Drude states he had no specimen of P. foliosa. Kew possesses both P. foliolosa
collected by H. f. & T., and P. Nummularia collected by Maximowicz ; the two are
identical.

Sect. HI. Nectarotrilobos. Staminodes at the vertex 3- (rarely 6-)
lobed, the lobes short or cylindric, not linear. Stem 1- (or 0-) leaved.

* Capsule triquetrous, superior or nearly so.

3. P. "Wig-htiana, Wall, in W. fy A. Prodr. 35 ; petals obovate-oblong
margins much fimbriate, staminodes 3-5-lobed, lobes cylindric (or in the Nil-
ghiri plant) thickened at the top, capsule 3-celled superior, obcordate. Wall.
Cat. 3755 ; Wight. III. t. 21 ; Ic. t. 945 ; Am. in Hook. Comp. Pot. Mag. ii.
315; H.f. 8r T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.W. 80; Drude in Linneea, xxxix. 314. P.
ornata, Wall. Cat. 1247 ; Am. in Hook. Comp. Pot. Mag. ii. 315. P. Schmidii,
Zenker PL Ind. t. 5.

Nilghiri Mts., alt, 7000 ft. Khasia Mts., alt. 4500-6000 ft. « Himalaya," Wal-
lieh. Kumaon, fide H.f. # T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 80. — Distrib. Yunan and in-
terior of China.

Stem 8-18 in. high. Leaves often l£ in., reniform or oval, deeply cordate. Petals
(at least in the Khasia plant) light yellow. Placenta near the base of the capsule.
Seeds ellipsoid ; testa reticulate, not very lax.

4. P. mysorensis, Heyne in W. fy A. Prodr. 35; petals obovate-
oblong, margins not or obscurely fimbriate, staminodes 3-lobed, lobes cylindric
or dilated upwards, capsule 3-celled superior obcordate. Wall. Cat. 3754 ;
Wight Hi. t. 21 ; Am, in Hook. Comp. Pot. Mag. ii. 315 ; H. f. $ T. in Journ.
Linn, Soc. ii. 80 ; Drude in Linneea, xxxix. 317.

Eastern Himalaya; Sikkim, alt, 8000-12,000 ft. ; Lachen and Yeumtong, J. D. H.
Mts. of ths Western Peninsula. Khasia Mts. alt. 3500-5500 ft.

Stem 3-8 in. high. Leaves \-% in. diam., reniform, deeply cordate. Petals small,
white. Seeds small, ellipsoid ; testa somewhat laxly reticulate.

** Capsule half -inferior.

5. P. nub ic ola, Wall, in Wight III. t. 21; margins of petals not (or
slightly) fimbriate, staminodes broadly dilated upwards 3-lobed, capsule £ in.
long obconic below subhemispheric above, style very short or 0. Wall. Cat.
]246 ; Am. in Comp. Hook. Pot. Mag. ii. 315; H.f. $. T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
ii. 81 ; Drude in Linneea, xxxix. 315.

Temperate and Alpine Himalaya from Sikkim to Kashmir, alt. 6000-12,000 ft.,
frequent.

JParnassia.'] lii. saxifragaceje. (C. B. Clarke.) 403

Stem 4-18 in. high, subalate with 4-5 ridges under the fruit. Leaves 1-2 (some-
times 3) in., ovate or cordate, oblong. Petals ^ in. long, white, obovate. Carpels
and stigmas 3 ; (Drude says 4 but they are nearly invariably 3 in the Kew plentiful
examples). Seeds obovoid-ellipsoid, smooth ; testa reticulate, not lax.

6. P. ovata, Ledcb. in Mem. Acad. Petersb. v. 528 ; margins of petals not
(or slightly) fimbriate, staminodes broadly dilated upwards 3-lobed, capsule
£- § in. long obconic below subhemispheric above, style manifest ^ in. long.
DC. Prodr. i. 320 ; Ledeb. Ic. Fl. Ross. t. 242; Fl. Boss. i. 263 ; H.f. # T. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 82 ; Drude in Linncea, xxxix. 320. P. Turczaninovii,
Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 263; Drude, I. c. 321. P. affinis, H. f. $ T. I. c. ii. 81 ;
Drude, I. c. 317. P. Laxmanni, Pall, in Roem. §• Sch. Syst. vi. 696; Ledeb. Fl.
Ross. i. 264. P. trinervis, Drude, I. c. 322.

Temperate and Alpine Himalaya from Sikkim to Kashmir, alt. 8000-15,000 ft.,
frequent. — Distrib. Altai Mts.

Stem 3-8 in. high. Leaves £-£ in., ovate or ovate-oblong, often cordate ; cauline
usually solitary in the lower half of the stem. Petals i-J in. long, spathulate-ob-
ovate. Carpels 3, rarely 4. Testa of the seed close (Drude). — This differs from P
nubicola by the smaller size of all its parts and the manifest style. P. cabulica,
Planch in Herb. Griffith, differs by the stems being usually leafless. P. subacaulis,
Kar. & Kir. differs by the leaves being oblong narrowed at their base ; it was col-
lected by Dr. Henderson near Yarkand, and appears in his list No. 136 under the
name P. maisorensis.

7. P. pusilla, Wall, ex H.f. § T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 81 ; margins
of petals slightly fimbriate or quite entire, staminodes with a very short claw
hardly longer than broad dilated upwards 3-lobed, capsule ^ in. long obovoid-
ellipsoid adnate about £ its length, style manifest ^ in. long. Wall. Cat. 1245 ;
Am. in Wight. III. p. 45 and in Comp. Hook. Rot. Mag. ii. 315 ; Drude in
Linncea, ix. 318.

Axpine Himalaya fromSixxiM to Kxjnawur, alt. 12-15,000 ft., Wallich, J. D. H.,
Munro, &c.

Stem l-2£ in. long. Leaves £-§ in., reniform or ovate-cordate ; cauline leaf usually
one, often in the upper half of the stem. Petals ^-f in. long, obovate. Carpels 3.
Seeds ellipsoid, smooth ; testa reticulate not lax. — This species should probably be
estimated an alpine var. of P. ovata, from which it differs in its stunted size and
shorter staminodes.

Sect. IV. Saxifrag*astrum. Staminodes cylindric, undivided at the
vertex.

8. P. tenella, H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 80 ; petals £ in. long
green-white reflexed obovate, capsule ^ in. long obcordate triquetrous. Di-ude
in Linncea, xxxix. 323.

Sikkim Himalaya ; alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. ; Lachen and Lachoong, J. D. H.

Stem 2-5 in. long, weak. Kadical feaves | in. broad, reniform, margin minutely erose;
petiole with adnate fimbriate stipules at the base ; cauline usually 1, cordate-ovate.
Staminodes thick, cylindric, glandulose, clavate at its summit. Styles 3, short, but
manifest. Seeds (immature) of the genus.

7. HYDRANGEA, Linn.

Large shrubs or trees, in their young state often subscandent with smaller
leaves. Corymbs terminal, with deciduous bracts. Flowers all fertile and small,
or the exterior flowers of the corymb sterile apetalous with the calyx-lobes peta-

D d 2

V'

404 lit. saxifragace-e. (C. B. Clarke.) [Hydrangea.

loid and greatly enlarged. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, limb 4-5-fid. Petals
4-5, valvate. Stamens 8-10, subepigynous. Ovary inferior ; styles 2 -4 ; ovules
very numerous, axile. Capsule 2-4-celled, dehiscing at the apex between the
styles. Seeds minute, shortly tailed at each end, very numerous. — Distrib.
Species 33 from Java to the Himalaya and Japan (the centre of the genus),
Eastern N. America, Western S. America.

The seeds of Hydrangea are described by many authors, as by the accurate Maxi-
mowicz, as alate. The seed in its inner coat is a perfectly smooth ellipsoid ; the
outer coat is a loose long cylindric sack, in the middle of which the nucleus lies ; as the
seed ripens the empty ends of the sack wither and contract whence results a seed
4 tailed at each end.'

* F?'uit truncate at top, petals falling off in a cap, styles very generally not
always separate.

1. K. altissima, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 50; leaves glabrous except
tufts of brown hairs in the axils of the main nerves beneath which hairs some-
times are continued along the \eins also, stamens 10. Wall. Cat. 439 ; DC.
Prodr. iv. 14 ; H.f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 75 ; Brand. For. Fl. 211.

Temperate Himalaya from Gurwhat, to Bhotan, alt. 4000-8000 ft. (10,000 ft.
in Sikkim, J. D. H.), frequent.

A spreading shrub, 8-15 ft. high, branchlets glabrous. Leaves 3-6 in., ovate-
lanceolate, sometimes cordate, sometimes narrow-lanceolate ; usually finely (some-
times more coarsely) serrate or entire except near the apex ; upper petioles often
winged and woolly-hairy. Corymb pilose. ~¥\<wer-buds conical, acute, but the calyp-
tra-like corolla by the rapid swelling of the stamens becomes hemispheric before
falling. Sepals of the radiate flowers usually entire ; sometimes waved or slightly
toothed. Capsule subhemispheric, compressed, broader than long. — H. scandens,
Maxim., which includes several Japanese species, only differs by having 15 stamens
and rather larger buds.

** Fruit truncate at top, petals expanding.

2. K. robusta, H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 76 ; leaves large ovate
or cordate at base adpressedly brown-hirsute on the nerves beneath and minutely
tessellated with white hairs along the tesselations but not tomentose, styles nor-
mally 2. H. cyanema, Nutt. in Hot. Mag. t. 5038.

Temperate Eastern Himalaya ; Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 5000-8000 ft., frequent ;
Griffith, J. D. H., &c.

A spreading shrub, 8-15 ft. high; branchlets hairy or pubescent. Leaves up to
9 in., from narrow oblong to broad cordate, the base never acute, serrate (usually
coarsely), upper surface with scattered hairs, and adpressedly brown pilose along the
nerves ; upper petioles often winged, sometimes incise-serrate and subruncinate. Corymb
hirsute. Sepals of the radiate flowers sharply serrate or crenate or undulate. Petals
and stamens blue. Styles not rarely 3. Capsules subhemispheric, compressed, broader
than long.

Var. Griffitkii; upper leaves narrowed into the petiole, with scattered bristly
hairs on the nerves beneath smooth not tesselated between them. — Eastern Bhotan,
Griffith.

' 3. K. aspera, Don Prodr. 211 ; leaves long-lanceolate generally narrowed
into the petiole, under surface with grey woolly hair, styles normally 3. If. f.
# T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 75: H. vestita var. fimbriata, Wall. Cat. 440 /3 ;
DC. Prodr. iv. 14.

Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6000-7000 ft. ; Sikkim, Lachen, J. D. H. ; Nipal,
Wallich ; Kumaon, Upper Tola, Strachey $ Winterbottom.

Arboreous, sometimes 20 ft. high, branchlets pubescent. Leaves 6-8 by 2-3 in.,

Hydrangea.] lii. saxifragace^. (C. B. Clarke.) 405

upper surface with scattered minute hairs, lower microscopically mealy punctate and
densely clothed with long white hairs ; petiole of the uppermost leaves not at all or
hut slightly winged. Corymb hirsute. Sepals of the radiate flowers usually serrate
or toothed, sometimes quite entire. Styles not rarely 4, rarely 2. Capsule hemisphe-
ric, obscurely trigonous or subquadrate.

*** Capsule crowned with a disc formed by the base of the normally 3 styles,
petals expanding.

4. X. vestita, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 49; leaves densely pubescent-
tomentose beneath, styles short. Wall. Cat. 440 a. ; DC. Prodr. iv. 14, ex-
cluding var. /3. ; H.f ty T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 75 ; Maxim, in Mem. Acad.
Petersb. x. No. 16. p. 10. H. heteromalla, Don Prodr. 211 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 15.
H. Khasiana, H.f. $■ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 75.

Temperate Himalaya from Bhotan to Kumaon, alt. 8000-10,000 ft. ; frequent.
Khasia Mts., alt. 4500-5500 ft.

Arborescent, 15 ft. high; branchlets hairy. Leaves 4-9 in., ovate or oblong,
serrate, base sometimes cordate ; upper surface with scattered hairs, lower tessellated
and densely clothed with white densely papillose hairs. Corymb hirsute. Sepals of
the radiate flowers entire. Styles occasionally 4.

5. H. stylosa, H.f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 75; leaves glabrous,
nerves beneath pubescent, styles long subulate.

Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 8000 ft., Lachen, J. D. H.

Branches and branchlets puberulous. Leaves 2 in., serrate, elliptic, narrowed at
the base. Corymb pilose. Sepals of the radiate flowers crenate-dentate.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

* H. anomala, Don Prodr. 211 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 15 ; leaves sinuate-crenate nearly
glabrous ovate rounded at the base 4 in., radiate flowers 0. — Nipal. — Of this no spe-
cimen exists at Kew. Perhaps it is but a synonym of H. altissima. H. f. & T. (in
Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 76) reduce it to Dichroa, but that has not ovate leaves rounded
at the base.

8. PILEOSTEGIA, H.f $ T.

A glabrous shrub with the habit of Viburnum and decussate branches.
Leaves coriaceous, petioled, obovate-oblong, entire, persistent. Panicles terminal.
Cali/x-tube adnate to the ovary ; lobes 4 or 5, imbricate. Petals 4 or 5, val-
vate, falling off in a cap. Stamens 8 or 10, subepigynous. Ovary inferior,
4-6-celled ; style thick, surmounted by a thicker truncate pyramid the 4-6
angles of which are stigmatic ; ovules numerous, elongate, pendulous. Seeds
(immature) numerous, testa an elongate cylindric sack at the apex of which
lies the nucleus.

1. P. viburnoides, H. f $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 76, t. ii. ;
Maxim, in Mem. Acad. Petersb. x. No. 16. p. 18.

Khasia Mts., alt. 3000-5000 ft. ; Griffith; T. Lobb ; Nnnklow, J.D.H. <5f Thom-
son.— Distrib. Japan, Formosa.

Leaves 3-5 in. Panicle with a few linear-lanceolate bracts \ in. long. Flowers
small ; filaments elongate, £-§ in. long.

406 Lii. saxifragaceje. (C. B. Clarke.) [Dichrua.

9. DICHROA, Lour.

A shrub. Leaves opposite, serrate, lanceolate, persistent. Panicle terminal.
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary ; limb 5-6-toothed. Petals 5 or 6, thickish, val-
vate, blue or purplish. Stamens 10 or 12, epigynous. Ovary f -inferior, 1-celled;
styles 3-5 ; ovules numerous, on 3-5 parietal placentae formed by the inflexed
margins of the carpels. Berry ^-inferior, blue. Seeds numerous, small, obovoid ;
testa with large reticulations.

1. D. febrifug-a, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 301; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 128;
Maxim, in Mem. Acad. Petersb. x. No. 16, p. 2. D. cyanitis and D. latifolia,
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 721, 722. Adamia versicolor, Fortune in Jown. Hort.
Soc. i. 298 ; Lindl. $ Paxt. Fl. Gard. i. t. 5. A. cyanea, Wall. Cat. 441 ; Tent.
Fl. Nep.t. 36; PL As. Par. t. 213 ; Bot. May. t. 3046 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 16; H.
f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 76. A. chinensis, Gardn. fy Champ, in Kexo Journ.
Bot. i. 311. Cyanitis sylvatica, Reimo. in Blame Bijd. 921 ; DC. Prodr. iv.
16.

Temperate Himalaya from Bhotan to Nipal, alt. 5000-8000 ft., abundant.
Khasia Mts., alt. 4000-6000 ft.— Disthib. Java, China, Philippines.

Stems 5-9 ft. high, somewhat virgate. Leaves 3-8 in., tapering into the petiole,
pubescent or puberulous on the nerves, otherwise glabrous, usually narrow, some-
times obovate-lanceolate. Petals ~ in. long. Berry finally an intense blue. — The
Chinese varieties have larger flowers than the Indian.

10. DEUTZIA, Thunb.

Shrubs with opposite branches and stellate pubescence. Leaves opposite
serrate, ovate or lanceolate, deciduous. Flowers white, corymbose in the In-
dian species. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary; teeth 5, small. Petals 5.
Stamens 10, subepigynous, filaments broadly winged the wing often ending
upwards in a tooth on each side. Ovary inferior, 3-5-celled ; styles 3-5, long ;
ovules numerous, axile. Capsule 3-5-celled, hemispheric or ovoid from a
rounded base, truncate at the summit, at length septicidal. Seeds minute,
numerous, obovoid-ellipsoid ; testa reticulate, a little longer than the nucleus,
appearing at last as a short stalk at its base, as a point at its summit. — Distrib.
Species 7, Himalaya to North China and Japan ; and one outlier in Mexico.

1. D. corymbosa, Br. in Boyle HI. t. 46; petals obovate imbricate,
calyx teeth short triangular, calyx-tube with scattered stellate hairs, corymbs
many flowered, Wall. Cat. 3652 ; H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 83, exclud-
ing synonyms in Bot. Reg. ; Brand. For. Fl. 212 ; Maxim, in Mem. Acad.
Petersb. x. No. 16, p. 32. ? D. parviflora, Bunge Enum. PI. Chin., p. 30 ;
Maxim, in. Mem. Acad. Petersb. x. No. 16, p. 33, with figures. Philadelphus
(Leptospermum) corymbosus, Wail, in Herb.

Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Bhotan, alt. 6000-10,000 ft., frequent.
— Distrib. China, Mantcburia, Amurland.

Leaves 1-2 in., oblong or elliptic lanceolate ; on the under surface the stellate
hairs are often few, sometimes thickly scattered, not matted into tomentum in the
mature leaves ; under surface sometimes prominently reticulate. Petals glabrous or
stellately pubescent. — Maximowicz 1. c. keeps the Chinese D. parviflora still distinct
by the puberulous smaller petals, the shorter teeth to the wing of the filament, the
leaves more prominently reticulate beneath, &c, none of which distinctions appear
to hold in the large Kew collection. The name corymbosa can only be preferred to
parviflora if Brown's naming in Wallich's distribution be reckoned publication.

Deutzia.] lii. saxifragaceji. (C. B. Clarke.) 407

2. Z>. st amine a, Br. in Wall. PL As. Rar. 82, t. 191 ; petals oblong
induplicate-valvate, corymbs many-flowered, calyx-tube hoary tomentose with
stellate hairs, teeth short triangular. Wall. Cat. 8651 ; Pot. Peg. xxxiii. t.
13 ; H. f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 83 ; Prandis Forest Fl. 212 ; Maxim,
in Mem. Acad. Petersb. x. No. 16, p. 29. D. Brunoniana, Wall. Cat. 3650. D.
corymbosa, Lindl. Pot. Reg. xxvi. t. 5. Leptospermum stamineum and L.
scabrum, Wall, in Herb.

Temperate Western Himalaya to Kashmir, alt. 5000-9000 ft., common. The
specimens collected by Sir J. D. Hooker in Sikkim and East Nipal and named D.
staminca should be referred to D. corymbosa.

Leaves 1-2 in., oblong- or elliptic-ianceolate, grey tomentose beneath with stellate
hairs.

3. X>. macrantha, H. f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 84; petals f in.
long oblong induplicate-valvate, corymb large 8-flowered, calyx-tube with stel-
late tomentum, teeth linear.

"Western Himalaya ; Ktjmaon, alt. 5500 ft. ; below Binsur, Strachey # Winter-
bottom.

Leaves 4 in., elliptic-lanceolate from a rounded base, acuminate, with close scat-
tered stellate hairs on both surfaces.

11. PHILADELPHUS, Linn.

Shrubs with opposite branches. Leaves opposite, deciduous. Calyx-tubs
adnate to the ovary ; lobes 4 (rarely 5), valvate. Petals 4 (rare 5) roundish,
convolute in bud. Stamens 20-40, subepigynous, filaments subulate. Ovary
inferior, 3-5-celled ; styles 8- 5, filiform, free or combined at the base ; ovules
numerous, axile, pendulous. Capsule inferior, corky, 3-5-celled, turbinate from
a narrow funnel-shaped base, the summit shortly conical, at length loculicidal.
Seeds numerous, oblong, testa loosely reticulated. — Distrib. Species 8 ; central
Europe, the Himalaya, Japan and N. America.

1. P. coronarius, Linn ; var. tomentosus ; leaves hairy beneath,
margins densely hairy or glabrous except a few marginal hairs. P. tomentosus,
Wall. Cat. 3563 ; Royle III. t. 4 ; H.f. # T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 83. P.
triflorus, Wall, and P. nepalensis, Loud, ex Maximov. in Mem. Acad. St. Petersb.
No. 16, 36. P. coronarius, Brand. For. Fl. 212.

Temperate Himalaya ; from Kashmir to Bhotan, alt. 5000-9000 ft. ; frequent in
Gturwhal and Ktjmaon.

Leaves l£-3£ in., ovate-lanceolate, serrate ; petiole £ in. Cymes few-flowered,
often with linear bracts ^ in. long; pedicels -\-^ in. Calyx-teeth, elongate-triangular,
acute. Petals §-£■ in. long, white. Capsule | in. long. — The typical P. coronarius
(of which Zeyheri, Jloribundus, verrucosus, latifolius, and many others are varieties)
is a native of Europe and the East, extending to North China and Japan.

12. ITEA, Linn, \

Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, petioled, glabrous, glandular-dentate or
crenate. Racemes axillary and terminal, long, many-flowered. Calyx-tube adnate to
base of the ovary, lobes 5. Petals 6, oblong, perigynous, white, valvate. Sta-
mem 5, perigynous. Ovary -^--superior, ^-celled : style slurt, simple: ovules

408 lii. saxifragace,*:. (C. B. Clarke.) [Ilea.

many, axile. Capsule ^-superior, conical or elongate, many-seeded, splitting
through the dissepiments and the style. Seeds elongate, testa loose more or less
produced at each end. — Distrib. Species 5, the Himalaya, Indian Archipelago,
Japan, Virginia.

1. X. macrophylla, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 419; leaves large
rounded at the base, petals closely reflexed on the pedicel between the calyx-
teeth, calyx-tube in fruit somewhat campanulate. Wall. Cat. 7200 ; DC. Prodr.
iv. 6; H.f. 8r T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 77. Kurrimia ?, Wall. Cat. 7200.

Subtropical Eastern Himalaya ; Bhotan and Sikxim, alt. 1000-4000 ft., Griffith,
Gamble. Khasia Mts., alt. 2000-4000 ft., frequent. — Distrib. Java.

A small tree. Leaves often 6 by 3 in., broadly ovate, acute, glandular-denti-
culate, but sometimes not larger than in /. chinensis nor more rounded at the base.
Racemes 1-3 from several upper axils, usually shorter than the lea\es, and like the
calyx-tube puberulous. Capside £-f in. long, the bases of the carpels clearly sunk
below the limb of the calyx- tube ; the calyx -teeth finally wear off.

2. I. chinensis, Hook. $ Am. Bot. Beech. Voy. 89, t. 39 ; leaves usually
narrowed at the base, petals erect persistent often appressed to the fruit, calyx-?
tube in fruit turbinate or conical. H. f. § T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 77 ;
Benth. Fl. Hongk. 129.

Khasia Mts., alt. 4000-5000 ft., WaUich, &c— Distrib. China, Hong Kong,
Formosa, &c.

A shrub. Leaves usually 3 or 4 in., oblong, narrowed at both ends, glandular-
denticulate, but sometimes 6 in. by 2£ in. and exactly resembling those of 7. macro-
phylla. Racemes 1-2 from several upper"* axils, about as long as the leaves, and
like the calyx-tube puberulous. Capsule £-§ in., bases of the carpels hardly sunk
below the calyx-tube ; calyx-teeth persistent, suberect.

3. Z. nutans, Boyle III. 226 ; petals erect subpersistent, calyx-tube in
fruit hemispherical hairy, racemes solitary terminal elongate much longer than
the leaves. H. f. # T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 77 ; Brand. For. Fl. 213.

Gurwhal and Kxjmaon, alt. 3000-5000 ft., Royle, &c.

A shrub. Leaves 3-5 in., elliptic-oblong, acute, glandular-denticulate. Capsule
I in. long; calyx-teeth persistent, erect.

13. POLYOSMA, Blume.

Evergreen trees, branchlets petioles and inflorescence pubescent. Leaves op-
posite or subopposite, petioled, acuminate. Flowers in terminal racemes (in
some non-Indian species solitary) 3-bracteolate. Calyx-tube entirely adnate to
the ovary; lobes 4, small, persistent. Petals 4, epigynous, linear, valvate,
white yellowish or greenish expanding by recurving, fugacious, very hairy
within. Stamens 4, epigynous, filaments hairy. Ovary inferior, 1 -celled ; style
columnar, stigma simple ; ovules numerous, ascending, on two parietal placentae
which project considerably into the cavity of the ovary. Fi-uit sub-baccate,
1 -seeded. Seed ascending, subbasal. — Distrib. Species 6, extending from East
Bengal through Malaya to tropical Australia and its islands.

1. P. fragrans, Benn. PI. Jav. Bar. p. 196; leaves entire obovate-lancec-
late drying green, flowers sessile, fruits (ex Miq.) small globose rostellate. H.

Polyosma.~\ lii. saxifkagacej5. (C. B. Clarke.) 409

f. Sf T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 77 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, pt. i. 724 ; Suppl. i.
336. Itea fragrans, Wall, in JRo.rb. Fl. Ind. ii. 420 ; Wall. Cat. 8472, partly.

Singapore, Wallich. — Distrib. Sumatra.

Bark of the twigs not lenticellate. Leaves 2-4 in., usually pubescent on the
nerves on both surfaces. Lower flowers on the raceme \ in. long, quite sessile, yel-
lowish.

. 2. P. integrifolia, Blume Bijd. 659 ; leaves entire or denticulate, lan-
ceolate narrowed at both ends drying black, flowers shortly pedicelled, fruits
§-£ in. long smooth ellipsoid acute at both ends. Benn. PI. Jav. Bar. p. 196 ;
DC. Prodr. iv. 276 ; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 260 ; H. f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
ii. 77 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 724 ; Suppl i. 335. Itea fragrans, Wall. Cat.
8472, partly. P. Wallichii, Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 444.

Khasia Mts., alt. 3000-4000 ft., De Silva, J. D. H., and T. Thomson. Assam,
Griffith. Malay Peninsula, Griffith, Wallich, Maingay. Andamans, Kurz. —
Distrib. Java, Sumatra.

A tree 60 ft. high (Blume) ; bark of the twigs lenticellate. Leaves often 6-8 in.,
usually pubescent on the nerves beneath. Lower flowers of the raceme £-§ in. long ;
pedicels ^-^ in. — Very near to P. ilicifolia, Blume (remarks Mr. Kurz in Journ.
As. Soc, 1876, pt. ii. 308) but the flowers are smaller and more hairy, the fruit
larger, and the leaves longer and more acuminated. In both Var. 1 and Var. 2 the
leaves are sometimes very hairy beneath.

Var. 1. ti/pica; leaves quite entire.

Var. 2. Wallichii, Benn. PI. Jav. Bar. p. 196 ; Wall. Cat. 8471 ; H. f. $ T. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 77 ; leaves denticulate.

3. P. mutabilis, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 261 ; leaves leathery narrow-ob-
ovate acute drying green- yellow, flowers pedicelled very tomentose, fruit \ in.
long ovoid obscurely rugose ultimately nearly glabrous. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
Suppl i. 336. P. lsetevirens, Griff. MSS.

Malay Peninsula ; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Java, Sumatra.

A tree 22 ft. high, with a thick trunk (Maingay) ; branches and leaves variable
in their pubescence (even more than in P. integrifolia) from dense woolly to nearly
glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1 \ in., quite entire, rarely obscurely glandular-den-
ticulate : upper surface sometimes softly hairy, sometimes shining and glabrous,
lower always hairy. Pedicels ~-|- in. long, woolly. Flowers \-^ in. long. Fruit
erect on the pedicels, the bracteoles remaining horizontal become very prominent. —
P. Icetevirens Griff, is here reduced to P. ?nutabilis, Blume, from Blume's description
only.

14. RISES, Linn.

Prickly or unarmed shrubs. Floivers often unisexual. Pedicels bracteate at
the base and 2-bracteolate at the middle. Calyx adnate to the ovary with 4-5
epigynous lobes, or the calyx-tube produced above the ovan\ Petals 4-5, small,
epigynous, white yellow red or purple-black. Stamens 4-5, epigynous. Ovary
inferior, 1-celled ; styles 2, free or connate, stigmas simple ; ovules numerous, on
2 parietal placentas. Berry oblong or globose, crowned with the calyx, several-
seeded. — Distkib. Species 56; temp. Europe, Asia, N. America, and the
Andes.

Sect. I. G-rossularia. Peduncles 1-3-flowered. Pricklv.

410 ill SAXiFRAGACEj;. (C. B. Clarke.) [Bihes.

1. R. Grossularia, Linn ; Wall. Cat. 6835 and in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii.
515 ; Enq. Lot. t. 1292 ; II. f. $ T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. ii. 86 ; Bom. Fl. Orient.
ii. 815 ; Brand. For. Fl. 213. K. Himalensis, Roylelll. 225. R. alpestre, Bene,
in Jacq. Jroy. Bot. t. 75.

Alpine Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 9000-12,000 ft.;
frequent. — Distrib. North and Alpine Europe ; the Atlas, Greek and* Caucasus
ranges.

Prickles usually 3 beneath each axil ; stems smooth or with numerous prickly
setae. .Lcawssuborbicular, obtusely 3-5-lobed, the lobes incise-crenate, somewhat vil-
lous beneath. Peduncles usually solitary. Calyx-tube long, produced above the fruit.
Berry $ in. long, oblong, inedible in the Indian plant.

Sect. II. Ribesia. Flowers raceuied. Unarmed.

* Calyx-tube hardly produced above the fruit.

2. R. orientale, Foir. Diet. Suppl. ii. 856 ; sticky glandular and minutely
hairy, leaves round-reniform crenate obscurely 3-5-lobed, bracts \ in. long, linear
often exceeding the pedicels, berry § in. long yellow or reddish glandular-pubes-
cent. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 817; Brand. For. Fl. 214. R. leptostachyum,
Dene, in Jacq. Toy. Bot. t. 76 ; H. f. § T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. ii. 86. R. vil-
losum, Wall. Cat. 6832 ; and in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 514. R. glutinosum, Jacq.
Journ.

Kashmir and Baltistan, alt. 8000-12,000 ft. : Jacquemont, Munro, Boyle, &c. —
Distrib. Cabul, Persia, Armenia, Asia Minor and Greece.

A shrub 6 ft. high, polygamo-dicecious. Learns \-\\ in. diam. Racemes erect,
somewhat dense in flower, lax and pendent in fruit. Flowers small, greenish. — B. he-
terotrichum, Ledeb. Ic. Fl. Ross. t. 235, only differs by the eglandular fruits ; and
there is a whole series of closely allied species from the Altai to Persia.

3. R. glaciale, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 513 ; stem glabrous, leaves
glabrous or with scattered hairs above, bracts \-± in. linear-lanceolate usually
much exceeding the pedicels, calyx-segments oblong, berries \ in. long glabrous
or minutely pubescent. Wall. Cat. 6833 ; H. f. 6/ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
ii. 88 ; Brand. For. Fl. 214. R. acuminatum, Wall. Cat. 6834.

Temperate and Alpine Himalaya, fromBHOTAN to Kashmir, alt. 7000-12,000 ft. ;
common and often epiphytic.

Polygamo-dicecious. Leaves 1-2 in., cordate, 3-5-lobed, crenate-serrate, the
middle lobe often elongate ; or simple, cordate-ovate, acuminate, sometimes 4^
in. long. Racemes pubescent, sometimes elongate. Flowers brownish or pink. Var.
2. laciniatum, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 87 (sp.), differs by the calyx-
segments lanceolate. (The leaves are often not more laciniate than in examples of
R. glaciale.)

4. R. desmocarpura, H. f. § T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 87 ; stem
glabrescent, leaves softly pubescent beneath, bracts \-\ in. long linear-
lanceolate often exceeding the pedicels, calyx-segments ovate-oblong obtuse,
berry \ in. long glandular-pubescent.

Sikkim and Bhotax, alt. 8500-10,000 ft. ; Griffith ; Lachen in Sikkim, J. D. H.

Dioecious. Leaves 1-4 in., cordate, 3-5-lobed, crenate-serrate, the lobes often
elongate. Racemes pubescent, often elongate. Flowers brownish. — Very near R.
glaciale, Wall., differing chiefly by its very hairy berries.

5. R. luridum, H.f. 8c T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 87 ; branchlets and
leaves glabrous, bracts \ in. long, spatlmlate-oblong much exceeding the pedicels,
calyx-lobes lanceolate, berries glabrous small less than -J- in. long.

Kibes.] lii. saxifragace^j. (0. B. Clarke.) 411

Suoum Himalaya, alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. ; Lachen, J. D. H.

A shrub, 4 ft. high, with erect twigs, polygamo-dioecious. Leaves 3-5-lobed, 1 by
\\ in., lobes crenate-serrate. Racemes pubescent, erect in fruit, short. Flowers sub-
sessile, chestnut. Calyx-tube of the flower subcampanulate. — Very near R. glaciate ;
the leaves are in general outline subreniform while those of R. glaciate usually have
.the middle lobe elongate and acuminate.

** Calyx-tube produced above the fruit.

6. It. nigrum, Linn. • DC. Prodr. iii. 481 ; branches and leaves nearly
glabrous, racemes pubescent long pendulous, bracts -£-£ in. long narrow, berry
black. Eng. Bot. t. 1291 ; H. f. Sf T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 88 ; Boiss. jfl.
Orient, ii. 815 ; Maxim, in Bull. Acad. Petersb., Mel. Biol. ix. 222 ; Brand.
For. Fl. 215.

Temperate Western Himalaya from Ktjnawar to Kashmir, alt. 7000-12,000 ft..
T. Thomson. — Distrib. North Europe and North Asia.

Leaves in the Kashmir examples not always punctate beneath. Racemes long,
pendulous ; no solitary peduncle at their base. Pedicels long. Flowers green.

7. R. G-riffithii, H.f. § T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 88 ; leaves pubescent
on the nerves beneath, racemes 3-6 in. long flexuose pendent very lax, bracts
£-i in. long linear-lanceolate exceeding the pedicels, berry \ in. long glabrous
red.

Eastern Himalaya; Biiotan, alt. 7500 ft,, Griffith. Sikkim, alt. 10,000-13,000 ft.,
J. D. H.

An erect shrub 8 ft. high. Leaves 2-3 in., 5-lobed ; lobes acuminate or caudate,
sharply serrate. Calyx-tube in flower and in young fruit broadly campanulate.

8. R. rubrum, Linn.; DC. Prodr. iii. 481; branchlets glabrous, racemes
pubescent elongate pendulous, bracts ~— ^ in. long lower often broad or obovate,
berry red smooth. Eng. Bot. t. 1289 ;' H. f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 89 ;
Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 816 ; Maxim, in Bull. Acad. Petersb., Mel. Biol. ix. 233 ;
Brand. For. Fl. 215. R. Himalayense, Dene, in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 77 (not of
Boyle).

Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 8000-12,000 ft., frequent;
Royle, T. Thomson, &c. — Distrib. Alpine Europe, Caucasus, Altai.

Leaves long-petioled, petioles often ciliato at the base, ovate-cordate, 3-o-lobcd ;
lobes acute, crenate-serrate ; upper surface glabrous or with scattered hairs, lbwer
glabrous or pubescent. Pedicels short. Calyx-lobes short, obtuse. Blowers largo,
greenish-yellow.

? Var. ; berries black, leaves glabrous or pubescent beneath, pedicels very
short. Kashmir, alt. 9500 ft, ; Levinge. Karakorum, alt. 11,500 ft., C. B. Clarke.
Lahul; JaeschJce in Brand. For. Fl. 215.

Order LIII. CRASSULACE2S.

Herbs, often with a woody perennial rootstock, or under-shrubs, usually suc-
culent. Leaves alternate or opposite, usually simple but divided in Bryophyllum
and Kalanchoe ; stipules 0. Floioers often cymose, sometimes spicate-race-
mose in Cotyledon, or paniculate in Bryophyllum, regular, hermaphrodite or
unisexual. Calyx 4-5-fid more rarely 6-8-fid, free. Petals as many as the
sepals, free or connate. Stamens hypogynous or upon the petals, as many or
twice as many as the petals. Carpels usually as many as the petals (fewer in
Triactina and in a few Sedums) with a hypogynous gland or scale at the base of

412 Lin. crassulace^:. (C. B. Clarke.) [Tillcea.

each ; free, or connate below, narrowed upwards into the styles ; ovules many on
the edges of the carpels (few in Tillcea , Triactina and some Sedums). Follicles
dehiscing down the inner faces, many-seeded, or 1- few-seeded in Tillcea, Tri-
actina and a few Sedums. Seeds albuminous ; embryo terete, cotyledons short. —
Distrib. Species 400 ; spread over nearly the whole globe except Polynesia ;
rare in Australia and South America ; abundant in South Africa ; general in
the northern hemisphere.

* Stamens as many as the petals, leaves opposite (see also Cotyledon).

Small herbs with minute axillary sessile flowers 1. Tillcea.

Succulent herbs with flowers in a paniculate cyme 2. Crassula.

** Stamens twice as many as the petals.

f Petals connate, at least at the base.

Calyx shortly 4-fid 3. Bryophylltjm.

Calyx 4-partite 4. Kalanchoe.

Calyx 5-partite 5. Cotyledon.

ft Petals free.

Carpels 5-4 (rarely 3) free or slightly connate 6. Sedum.

Carpels 6-8 '. . 7. Sempervivum.

Carpels 3, connate half their length 8. Triactina.

1. TILLZEA, Linn.

Small glabrous succulent herbs. Leaves opposite, entire, flat in the Indian
species. Flowers minute, axillary, often fasciculate, solitary or cymose, white
or red. Calyx 4-5-fid. Petals 4-5, free or connate at the base. Stamens 4-5.
Hypogynous scales 4-5 or 0. Carpels 4-5, free, narrowed into short styles with
minute stigmas ; ovules 2 to each carpel in the Indian species. Follicles 2-
seeded. — Distrib. A genus of 20 species, widely distributed, scarcely separable
from Crassula.

1. T. pentandra, Boyle III. 222 (name only) ; leaves lanceolate-
linear acute, flowers sessile in the axils often 2-3-nate, seeds ellipsoid sub-
trigonous pointed at the end. Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 50 ; H. f. fy T.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 90 ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 386. Crassula (Disporo-
carpa) Schimperi, Fisch. § Mey. Ind. Sem. viii. 56.

Subtropical Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 3000-6000 ft., frequent.
Deccan Peninsula; Mysore, T. Lobb; Nilghiris, Hohenacleer ; Concan, Stocks. —
Distrib. Tropical Africa, Abyssinia and the Cameroons.

Stems procumbent,branched ; internodes shorter than the leaves. Leaves J-A in.
long, connate at the base. Calyx- segments lanceolate-acuminate, Petals elliptic,
acuminate, white, not exceeding the sepals. Hypogynous scales cuneate, truncate
{ex C. A. Meyer).

2. T. pharnaceoides, Hochst. in Schimp. Herb. Abyss. No. 104; leaves
ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, flowers densely clustered in the axils pedicelled,
seeds ellipsoid blunt at the end. Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 387 ; Bth. $ H.f. Gen.
JPt. i. 657. T. trichopoda, Fenzl in Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 767. Combesia abys-
sinica, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 307. Crassula (Disporocarpa) pharnaceoides,
Fisch. § Mey. Ind. Sem. viii. 56. C. campestris, Harv. $ Sond. Fl. Cap. ii.
351.

Tillcea.'] liii. crassulace^i. (C. B. Clarke.) 413

Punjab Plain; Hushiarpore, Aitchison; Peshawur, Vicary. — Distkib. Persia,
Central and South Africa.

Stem decumbent, branched ; internodes longer than the leaves. Leaves £-^ in.
long, connate at the base. Pedicels very short or \ in. long. Ca^r-segments lan-
ceolate, acuminate. Petals shorter than the sepals, united at the base, very acute or
hair-pointed. Hypogynous scales minute, spathulate (ex Richard). — This species is
still smaller than T. pentandra, its flowers are less than ^ in. long.

2. CRASSVLA, Linn.

Herbs, usually with thick branches and leaves. Leaves opposite, usually
connate, fleshy and with cartilaginous margins. Flowers cymose, not large.
Calyx 5-fid or 5-partite. Petals 5, free or connate at the base. Stamens 5.
Hypogynous scales various. Carpels 5, narrowed into short thick styles ; ovules
numerous. Follicles 5, many-seeded.— Distrib. Species 120, nearly all from the
Cape of Good Hope ; a few in Abyssinia, one in the Himalaya.

1. C. indica, Dene, in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 73 j glabrous, stem 4-12 in.
high leafy, radical leaves rosulate spathulate-obovate, cauline acute, cymes
forming a compound panicle. H. f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 90. Sedum
paniculatum, Wall. Cat. 7227.

Kumaon and Gurwhai., alt. 3000-8000 ft., frequent. Bhotan, Griffith.

Lower leaves l-l| in. long, blunt or shortly acute; stem-leaves sessile, subdecur-
rent, usually narrow oblong. Panicle sparsely leafy. Petals dull rose, scarcely twice the
sepals. Hypogynous glands small, obovate. Seeds very numerous, oblong-ellipsoid,
smooth, finely reticulate, quasi-striate.

3. BRYOPHYLLUM, Salisb.

Tall erect herbs, perennials'. Leaves opposite, crenate. Flowers large, pen-
dent, in spreading panicles with opposite branches. Calyx with a long inflated
tube ; lobes 4, short, valvate. Corolla with a campanulate tube and shortly 4-tid
limb. Stamens 8, in two series, inserted on the middle of the corolla-tube" Hy-
pogynous scales 4, obtuse. Carpels 4, free or connate at the base, attenuated into
long styles ; ovules very many. Follicles 4, many-seeded. — Distrib. Species
4, in tropical Africa ; one extending through the tropics of the whole world.

1. B. calycinum, Salisb. in DC. Prodr. iii. 396 ; leaves petiolate sim-
ple or 3-partite, leaflets oblong or elliptic crenate or subincised-crenate. Bot.
Mag. t. 1409 ; Wall. Cat. 7205 ; Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. 100, with a
figure ; W. f A. Prodr. 360 ; Jf.f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 90 ; Oliv. Fl.
frop. Afr. ii. 390. B. pinnatum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1876, pt. ii. p. 309 ;
Cotyledon rhizophylla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 456. C. pinnata, Lamk. Diet. ii. 141.
Kalanchoe pinnata, Pers. ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 728 ; Dalz. fy Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 105.

Tropical plains of India, from the base of the Himalaya to Ceylon and Malacca ;
universal in Lower Bengal. — Distrib. Throughout the tropics of the world ; presumed
a native of Africa and an introduced plant in Bengal.

Glabrous. Stems 1-4 ft. high. Calyx 1-1^ in. long, purplish green. Corolla
globose-octagonal at the base, green, constricted in the middle ; the exserted parts red-
dish-purple. Hypogynous scales subquadrate, free or slightly adherent to the carpels.
Fruit enclosed in the persistent papery calyx and corolla. Seeds small, oblong-ellip-
soid, smooth, longitudinally obscurely striate.

In the crenatures of the leaves of this plant buds are easily formed which develop,
drop off, and at once produce new plants.

414 liit. crassulacej;. (C. B. Clarke.) [Kalanchoe.

4. KALANCHOE, Adam.

Erect stout perennial herbs. Leaves opposite or the upper alternate. Flowers
large, erect, in many-flowered subpaniculate cymes. Calyx 4-partite, or 4-fid half
way down. Corolla with a flask-shape tube and spreading 4-iid limb, much exceed-
ing the calyx (yellow in the Indian species), persistent. Stamens 8, in two series,
adnate to the corolla-tube. Hypogynous scales 4, linear or oblong. Carpels 4,
adnate to the base of the corolla-tube, attenuated into long styles ; ovules very
many. Follicles 4. Seeds very many, oblong, ellipsoid, with 8-15 longitudinal
ribs. — Distrib. Species 25, chiefly in tropical and South Africa j several in tro-
pical Asia ; one in Brazil.

* Calyx divided not more than half way down.

1. XL. glandulosa, Hochst. in A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 312 ; very glandu-
lar upwards, branches of panicle subopposite, stem-leaves stem-clasping, calyx
very glandular-pubescent. Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 396. K. Ritchieana, Dak.
in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 346 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 105. K. heterophylla,
Herb. Wight. Cotyledon hirsuta, Herb. Heyne.

Mts. of the Deccan Peninsula ; Heyne ; Wight, Ritchie. — Distrib. Abyssinia.

Stem very thick at the base, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves obovate, nearly entire, the
lowest 4-6 in. long, much tapering at the base, scarcely petioled. Calyx-teeth.
ovate, acute. Corolla-tuhe % in. long. Hypogynous scales linear. — This species
connects Kalanchoe with Bryophyllum; it has the tubular calyx and subopposite
panicle branches of Bryophyllum ; but the erect flowers, spreading corolla lobes,
narrow hypogynous scales and seeds of Kalanchoe. The calyx is described as
' vesicular ' in fruit ; but. it is very slightly so either in the Indian or Abyssinian
examples.

** Calyx divided nearly to the base.

2. XL. spathulata, DC. PI. Grasses, t. 65 ; Prodr. iii. 395 ; glabrous,
leaves spathulate-oblong crenate, upper distant and becoming very narrow
sometimes 3-foliolate, the lowest bracts similar, lower panicle-branches usually
opposite, sepals elongate triangular from a broad base. Haw. in Phil. Mag.
Lond. N.S. vi. 303 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 728. K. nudicaulis, Ham. in
Herb. K. crenata, Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 394, partly. K. varians, Haw.
in Phil. Mag. Lond. N.S. vi. 302; Wall. Cat. 7222, and PI. As. Rar. t.
167 (not good under the name K. amplectens) ; H. f $ T. in Journ. Linn.
tioc. ii. 91. K. acutiflora, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1876, pt. ii. p. 309, omitting
the synonyms.

Tropical Himalaya, from Bhotan to Kashmir, alt. 1000-3000 ft.; common.
Elbma; Wallich. — Distrib. Warm China, Java.

Stem 1-4 ft. high. Lower leaves commonly 3-4 (sometimes 10) in. long besides
the petiole ; upper leaves (with the petiole) often 3-4 in. long by £ in. broad, fre-
quently sessile. Corymb flattish or more rarely elongate, with few scattered linear
Lracts \-% in. long. Flowers clear yellow, the corolla-tube glabrous. Calyx in fruit
often as much as § in. wide. — This species should probably be united with K.
(pgyptiaca (which hardly differs except by the orange tint of the flowers) and with
K. crenata as in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 394 ; but the Indian plant is very constant
in its trifling characteristics and habit.

3. XL. floribunda, W. § A. Prodr. 359 ; upper parts of the stem and
cyme with short spreading glandular hairs, lower branches of the cyme usually

Kalanchoe.] liii. crassulaceji. (C. B. Clarke.) 415

alternate, upper branches often long raceniiforni, sepals oblong acute standing
apart at base. H. f. §. T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 91. K. "VVightiana, Walt.
Cat. 7225. Cotyledon amplexicaulis, Heyne in Herb. Rottl.

Mts. of the Deccan Peninsula, alt. 2000-7000 ft.; common.

Stem 1-3 ft. high. Leaves obovate-elliptic crenate. cauline 2-3 in. long, petiole
short. Cyme with very many flowers. Corolla clear yellow, tube glabrous.

Var. glabra ; cyme often level-topped, the branches perfectly glabrous not at all
racemose with numerous approximate small lanceolar bracts £ in. long, calyx-tube
in fruit £-A in. wide. K. floribunda, Thwaites Enum. 129. K. spathulata, Wall.
Cat. 7224. Cotyledon heterophylla, Roxb. Fl. hid. ii. 456. C. corymbosa, Herb. Rottl.
— Mts. of the Deccan Peninsula ; extending to Ceylon (Thwaites No. 540) and
Parasnath in Behar, alt. 4000 ft. J. D. H. — -This should perhaps be united with
K. crenata ; it differs from K. spathulata by the wider (elliptic) upper leaves, the
much narrower capsule, the cyme less paniculate.

4. XL. g-randiflora, W. 8r A. Prodr. 359 ; glabrous, leaves broadly ob-
ovate crenate, cyme large compound with large green-yellow flowers, sepals
ovate-lanceolate. Wall. Cat. 7226; Wight Ill.t. Ill; H. f. $ T. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. ii. 91 ; Rot. Mag. t. 5460.

Nilghiri and Pulney Mts., alt. 7000-8000 ft. ; Gardner, Wight, &c.

Stem, leaves, and panicle often glaucous. Stem-leaves 2-3 in. long, subsessile.
Bracts of cyme £- £ in. long, elliptic, petioled, early deciduous. Sepals united at base
for a distance often £ in. or more. — All the well-developed examples of K. Wightiana,
Wall. Cat. 7225 belong to K. floribunda Var. above ; but under Wall. Cat. 7225
are included several young examples of K. grandiflora.

5. XL. brasiliensis, Camb. in Fl. Rras. Merid. ii. 196 ; cyme densely
glandulose-pubescent, corolla-tube and lobes without very hairy. Mart. Fl. Rra-
sil. t. 89. K. crenata, Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 394, partly.

Mts. of the Deccan Peninsula ; Tovequary Hill in Belgaum and North Deccan
Hills, Ritchie. — Distrib. Brazil, Tropical Africa.

Stem-leaves f in. long, elliptic, short petiolate, crenate. Petals hair-pointed (as
in the allied Indian species). Flowers white ex Dr. Bitchie's field note ; yellow ex
Cambess. and Oliver. — If this plant be united with K. crenata as proposed by Britten
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 394 the species here described Nos. 2 to 5 may all be
included.

6. XL. laciniata, DC. PL Grasses, t. 100 ; Prodr. iii. 395 ; leaves pin-
natifid-laciniate, the lobes entire subserrate or dentate, sepals lanceolate sub-
patent. Wall. Cat. 7221 ; W. § A. Prodr. 360 ; Wight. Lc. 1158 ; Thwaites Enum.
129; H.f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 91 ; Miq. Fl. Jnd. Rat. i. pt. i. 728 ;
Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 105 ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 392. K. teretifolia,
Hatv. in Wall. PI. As. Rar. 53, 1. 166 ; Wall. Cat. 7223 ; PL. f. 8> T. in Journ,
Linn. Soc. ii. 91 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1876, pt. ii. p. 309. Cotyledon laci-
niata, Roxb. Fl. Jnd, ii. 456.

Tuopical regions of the Deccan Peninsula ; in Bengal at Patna, Dacca. Buhma,
Wallich. Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Yunan, Java, Tropical Africa.

Var. 1. typica ; leaves once pinnatifid, segments |-1 in. broad flat incise-crenate
sometimes bipinnatifid ; cyme-branches and sepals often glabrous.

Var. 2 ; leaves 2-3-pinnatifid, segments linear, cyme-branches and sepals pu-
bescent.

416 liii. CRASSULACEiE, (C. B. Clarke.) [KalancJwe.

K. terctifolia, Wall. do«e not appear separable from this var. K. acutiflora, Haw.
in Andr. Bot. Repos. t. 560 ; Miq. Fl. hid. Bat. i. pt. i. 728, probably is not an Indian
form ; it has white flowers.

5. COTYLEDON, Linn.

Herbs, branching or scapigerous. Leaves opposite or alternate, fleshy.
Floivers in spicate racemes or cyniose. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla 5-fid to the
base (or in non-Indian species less deeply). Stamens 10 or 5, inserted on the
corolla. Hypogynous scales oblong or quadrate. Carpels 5, free, attenuated into
filiform styles ; ovules very numerous. Fruit of 5 many-seeded follicles. — Dis-
tbib. Species 60 ; in Eastern Asia, Western and Southern Europe and the whole
of Africa ; also in Mexico.

The genus as it now stands includes such species as are excluded from Crassula
by their alternate leaves, and from Sedum by their spicate racemes or by having only
5 stamens.

* Stem simple, leaves alternate, spike elongate dense, stamens 10.

1. C. spinosa, Linn. Sp. PI. i. 615 ; radical leaves rosulate spathulate
terminated by a spine, cauline oblong-lanceolate flat, pedicels 1-flowered,
corolla yellow- white twice exceeding the calyx. Umbilicus spinosus, DC.
Prodr. iii. 400 ; Ledeb. Fl. Boss. ii. 174. U. spinosus and U. fimbriatus, Turcz.
Fl. Baikal-Dahur, i. 432. Sedum spinosum, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 186.

West Tibet; Falconer No. 482. Baltistan, alt. 10,000-11,000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

Height 6-15 in. Leaves 1-1 £ in. long. Pedicel \ in. long, shorter than its
oblong acute bract. Sepals ovate, very acute, greatly exceeding the tube of the
corolla.

** Steins several, leaves alternate, cymes small, stamens 5.

2. C. Oreades, C. B. Clarke ; annual, glabrous, stems branching from
the base, branches ascending leafy, leaves on the sterile branches \ in. long, ro-
sulate narrow lanceolate aristate, flowers at the summit of the branches 3-1
nodding white. Umbilicus Oreades, Dene, in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 62 (U. luteus,
Ic. t. 73, except that the stamens are not ten); H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. ii. 91.

Alpine Western Himalaya; Kashmir; Pir Punjal, Jacquemont ; Marbul Pass,
C. B. Clarke. Gurwhal, Falconer. Kumaon, alt. 14,000 ft. ; Shilong, Strachey $
Winterbottom.

Stems 2-4 in. long, several, curved. Stem-leaves like the rosulate leaves but
rather smaller. Sepals \ in. long, oblong, acute. Petals a little exceeding the sepals,
united at their base only. Seeds ellipsoid, microscopically covered with tubercles. —
This specie* has the habit altogether of Sedum, but it cannot be put there because
it has only 5 stamens; neither can it be put in Crassula because Crassida has always
opposite leaves. Therefore it is put in Cotyledon ; though in Cotyledon the corolla
should be tubular, the tube at least equalling the calyx. Similar remarks apply to
the next species.

3. C spathulata, C. B. Clarke ; glabrous, stolon leaves rosulate £ in.
long petioled spathulate, cauline linear-oblong, flowers corymbose shortly
pedicelled, sepals £-§ in. long oblong acute nearly equalling the corolla and
many times exceeding its tube. Umbilicus spathulatus, H.f. $ T. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. ii. 92.

Cotyledon."] liii. crassulacej). (C. B. Clarke.) ' 417

Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 10,000-12,000 ft., J. D. H.

Stems 3-6 in. high, throwing decumbent stolons from the base. Cauline leaves
\ in. long, sessile. Petals united at base only. Stamens 5. Flowers sometimes
4-merous. Seeds ellipsoid, smooth, tailed.

6. SEDUM, Linn.

Succulent herbs. Leaves alternate or rosulate, rarely opposite ; entire or
laciniate. Flowers cymose, hermaphrodite, or unisexual by abortion. Calyx •
5-4-partite. Petals 5-4:, free. Stamens 10-8, the alternate ones adnate to the
petals. Hypogynous scales quadrate or cuneate, entire or ernarginate. Carpels
5-4, free or slightly united at base, narrowed into the styles ; ovules very numer-
ous. Follicles 5^4, many-seeded. — Distrib. Species 130 ; mostly in the cold
and temperate regions of the northern hemisphere ; one species is found in
Abyssinia and one in Peru.

Sect. I. Rhodiola. Rootstoch perennial, thick, suberect, with a crown
of scales from the axils of which rise the simple leafy annual stems carrying
terminal cymes. Flowers dioecious or polygamous, often 4-merous. Petals in
the males often much exceeding the sepals ; in the females shorter or narrower.
Styles usually short, recurved in fruit. Seeds oblong-ellipsoid, compressed,
testa loose produced beyond the end of the nucleus, often as a bent short tail.

* Cymes dense, not carrying bracts on the short branches (though there are
frequently bracts at the base of the outer branches).

1.0. Rhodiola, DC. Prodr. iii. 401 ; leaves obovate or broadly oblong
often toothed towards tbe apex, petals yellow, hypogynous scales in the
males oblong ernarginate. Ledeb. Fl. Ross, ii. 179 ; JT.f.Sf T. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. ii. 95. S. imbricatum, H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 101. Rhodiola
imbricata, Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 47. R. rosea, Linn, j Engl. Pot. t.
508.

Alpine "Western Himalaya; from Kttmaon to Kashmir, alt. 12,000-17,000 ft.;
frequent. — Distrib. The arctic and alpine regions of America, Europe and Asia.

Very glaucous. Rootstock having an odour of roses. Stems 3-15 in., thick.
Leaves \-\^ in. long, imbricated (often very closely) from a narrow or broad base.
Cyme densely congested. Sepals narrow oblong. Stamens long, exsert. Carpels in
fruit \ in. long, not narrowed gradually at the base. — The examples of S. imbricatum
have dioecious (or functionally dioecious) heads ; and the carpels have short recurved
styles, altogether as in Sect. Rhodiola.

2. S. heterodontum, H. f 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 95; leaves
ovate incise-dentate from a broad or cordate or auriculate base prominently white-
margined, flowers rose-coloured ? (ex H. f. & T.). S. serratum, Jacquem.
Journ.

Temperate and Alpine Western Himalaya, alt. 8000-14,000 ft.; Kashmir,
Jacquemont; Kunawur, T. Thomson-, Mandala, Cleghorn.

Stems 12-18 in. Leaves loosely imbricate. Cyme very dense, especially in fruit.
Otherwise agrees closely with S. Rhodiola, of which H. f. & T. suggest it may be a
variety.

3. S. crenulatum, H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 96 ; leaves ellip-
tic or broad oblong sessile crenulated, cymes sessile enclosed by the upper leaves
and outer leaf-like bracts, sepals purple narrow-oblong, petals rose-coloured. ^

VOL. n. BE

418 liii. ceassulacej:. (0. B. Clarke.) [Sedum.

Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 12,000-18,000 ft.; Yeumtong and Mt. Donkiah, J. B. H.,
W. T. Blandford. Kumaon, alt. 12,000-17,000 ft., Chumpua and Niti Pass, Strachey
$ Winterbottom.

Dried specimens are a ruddy chestnut colour. Stems 3-8 in. — Very like S. Rho-
diola, of which it may be a variety.

** Cymes 1- few-flowered (except S. tibeticum), or in fruit somewhat lax,
branches not bearing leaves (though there may be bracts at their bases).

4. S. tibeticum, H. f § T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 96 ; leaves subentire
oblong or ovate-oblong, cymes 4-20-flowered not very dense in fruit, flowers
often 6-merous, sepals on the fruit triangular-acuminate.

Alpine Westebn Himalaya, alt. 12,000-16,000 ft.; Kunawub (Werang Pass)
T. Thomson ; Lahul, Jaeschke. — Distrib. Cabul, Griffith.

Glabrous. Stems 4-10 in. Leaves ^-\ in., loosely imbricate, the upper oblong
subacute, the lower often ovate. Petals rose or purple. Follicles and seeds as in
S. Rhodiola.

Vab. Stracheyi, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 96 (sp.) ; leaves ovate often
toothed. Alpine Western Himalaya, alt. 12,000-17,000 ft., T. Thomson, Strachey $
Winterbottom, Dr. Henderson. — The leaves sometimes entire, and the upper, oblong :
it then seems undistinguishable from S. tibeticum.

5. S. quadrifidum, Pall. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 407 ; stems 2-5 in. numerous,
leaves approximate oblong subterete, cymes 5-1-fiowered, flowers red often
4-merous, sepals oblong. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 177 ; H. f.fy T. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. ii. 97. S. coccineum, Royle Til. t. 48.

Alpine Westebn Himalaya, alt. 11,000-18,000 ft., from Kumaon to Kashmib,
frequent. Sikkim, alt. 16,000-18,000 ft., J. B. H.— Distbib. Arctic Kussia and
Siberia.

Stems and leaves glabrous or puberulous. Leaves \ in., sometimes very acute.
Petals usually twice the sepals. Hypogynous scales subquadrate (ex H. f. & T.).
Follicles with short styles, recurved or sometimes erect, straight.

*** Cymes lax, branches bearing leaves, or the flowers supported by a leafy
bract.

6. S. XXimalense, Don Prodr. 212; leaves £-§ in. loosely imbricate
narrow-obovate or lanceolate often dentate towards the summit, cymes large
leafy, sepals lanceolate-linear, petals deep purple twice the sepals, pedicels
much thickened under the fruit. DC. Prodr. iii. 402; H. f. 8f T. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. ii. 97. S. Himalayanum and S. hypericifolium, Wall. Cat. 7236,
7237.

Sikkim and Nipal, alt. 12,000-17,000 ft., frequent; Wallich,J. D. H., &c.

Stems 4-14 in., usually puberulous or pubescent, sometimes glabrous. Petals
lanceolate. Hypogynous scales black-purple, broadly triangular (ex H. f. & T.).
Follicles \ in. long, black-purple. — S. atropurpureum, Turcz. of Central Asia differs
among other things by its compact cyme.

7. S. foupleuroides, Wall. Cat. 7229 ; leaves £-l£ in. long loosely im-
bricate ovate or ovate-oblong, base cordate or auriculate-bilobate, cymes large
leafy, sepals lanceolate-linear, petals lanceolate small black-purple twice the
sepals. H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 98.

Nipal; Gossain Than, Wallich. Sikkim, alt. 10,000-14,000 ft. ; Tungu, Lachen
J. B. H.

Sedum.'] liii. CEASSULACEiE. (C. B. Clarke.) 419

Stems 6-14 in. high, glabrous, or the cyme puberulous. Hypogynous scales black
purple, broadly cuneate-quadrate (ex H. f. & T.).

8. S. elong-atum, Wall. Cat. 7233; leaves £-2 in. long loosely im-
bricate oblong narrowed at base almost petioled or elliptic sessile, cymes large
loose, petals lanceolate black-purple. H.f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 98.

Alpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to Kashmir, alt. 10,000-12,000 ft.

Stems 8-20 in. high, glabrous, as are the leaves. Cymes puberulo-pubescent.
Sepals lanceolate-linear. Hypogynous scales broad, cuneate-quadrate (ex H. f. & T.).
Follicles scarcely £ in.

9. S. fastigiatum, H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.ii. 98; stems numer-
ous, leaves £-£ in. long crowded terete oblong-linear, cymes 3-8-flowered, sepals
lanceolate, petals | in. long linear twice the sepals.

Sikkim, alt. 14,000-17,000 ft.; Kankola, Lama Kangra, J. D. H.

Stems 2-5 in., curved, glabrous, as are the leaves. Cymes puberulo-pubescent.
Hypogynous scales quadrate. Follicles more than \ in. long, black-purple. — A species
resembling S. quadrifidum but larger with larger flowers and fruit.

10. S. humile, H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 99; densely tufted,
stems 1-2 in. glabrous or minutely pubescent, leaves %-£ in. long, linear or
linear-oblong, cymes 1-4-flowered, sepals ovate acuminate, petals lanceolate
wider upwards twice the sepals.

Sikkim, alt. 15,000-16,000 ft. ; Yeumtong and Tunkra Pass, J. D. H.
Flowers large for so small a plant. Hypogynous scales broad quadrate (ex H. f. &
T.). — This species is distinct from the other Indian species by its sepals.

11. S. coriaceum, Wall. Cat. 7238; rootstock thick, stems numerous
pubescent, cymes and leaves on both surfaces puberulous, leaves £ in. flat
obovate, cyme with few leaves. H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 99.

Nepal, Wallich.

Like S. tibeticum, var. Stracheyi, but wholly puberulous ; the leaves obovate and
the cymes few-flowered.

Sect. II. Rootstock thick. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely imperfect. Folli-
cles narrow oblong-lanceolate ; style nearly straight, slender, not (or scarcely at
all) recurved. Seeds ellipsoid, compressed, testa loose produced beyond the end
of the' nucleus, often as a short bent tail.

12. S. asiaticum, DC. Prodr. iii. 401; stems 6-12 in., leaves 1-1£
in. approximate near the cyme linear remotely dentate, cymes dense, flowers
yellow, petals lanceolate-spathulate twice the sepals. Wall. Cat. 7239. S.
crassipes, Wall. Cat. 7234; H.f. § T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 99. Khodiola
asiatica, Don Prodr. 213.

Sikkim to Kashmir, alt. 11,000-16,000 ft., frequent ; Wallich, Falconer, J. B. H.,
&c.

G-labrous or the cyme branches minutely puberulous. Hypogynous scales very-
short, subquadrate (ex H. f. & T.).

Var. Wallichianum, H. f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 100 (sp.) ; Hook. Ic. PI.
t. 604 ; leaves broader mere denticulate sometimes subpinnatifid. — H. f. & T. say
that this differs by its red flowers ; but Sir W. Hooker says that the plants which
flowered at Kew had yellow flowers.

E B 2

420 liii. crassulace^. (C. B. Clarke.) [Sedum.

18. S. llnearifolium, Royle III. t. 48 ; stems 3-5 in. and with the leaves
glabrous, leaves J-4 in. imbricate narrow oblong or linear entire or toothed,
cymes 2-8-flowered, sepals oblong-lanceolate, petals nearly £ in. long broad-
lanceolate. H. f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 100. S. pauciflorum, Edgw.
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 49 ; H. f. fy T. 100. S. mucronatum, Edgw. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. ii. 48.

Temperate Western Himalaya, alt. 7000-10,000 ft. ; Gttrwhal, Kumaon, &c. ;
Boyle, Falconer, T. Thomson, &c,

A species easily recognised by the large -white petals (but H. f. & T. say red ?).
Sepals not ovate in Var. pauciflorum, but as in the typical linearifoliitm. — Edgeworth's
S. mucronatum is identically his S. pauciflorum as shown by H. f. & T.

Var. 1. typica; leaves dentate.

Var. 2. 'pauciflorum ; leaves little dentate or entire.

14. S. trifidum, Wall. Cat. 7230; stems 3-11 in. glabrous, leaves 2-4
in. petioled oblong sinuate-pinnatifid, or 1-2-pinnatifid with linear blunt lobes,
cymes branched leafy, sepals narrow-lanceolate, petals linear-lanceolate twice
the sepals. H. f. 8f T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. ii. 100. S. sinuatum, Royle III.
p. 222 ; Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 47.

Temperate Himalaya from Sikkim to Kashmir, alt. 6000-12,000 ft., common
on rocks and on trees.

Cymes leafy. Flowers pedicelled, pink. Follicles when ripe very thin-walled. — A
well-marked abundant species in which however the leaves vary between the wide
limits given above.

Sect. III. Annuals, or perennials with no thick rootstock. Flowers herma-
phrodite. Seeds obovoid, not compressed, the testa not loose.

* Follicles 5, erect in fruit. Radical leaves rosulate.

15. S. rosulatum, Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 48; stems 2-4 in.,
cauline leaves £-§ in. somewhat remote spathulate-obovate or spathulate-
orbicular, sepals oblong glabrous rarely minutely nubescent, petals white elliptic
or oblong not very acute. H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 101. S. pyriforme,
Royle Herb. Umbilicus radicans, Klotzsch in Reis. Pr. Waldem. Rot. t. 44.

Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 5000-9000 ft. ; frequent, Royle, Falconer, T. Thomson,
Edgeworth, &c. — Distrib. Affghanistan.

Stem glabrous, more rarely glandular-pubescent. Eosulate leaves \-\% in. spa-
thulate or elongate obovate. Cymes weak, straggling, often subsecund or subscor-
pioid with long pedicels £-1 in. long. Follicles small, thin-walled, erect. Seeds ellip-
soid, somewhat obvoid, smooth, longitudinally striate.

16. S. adenotrichum. Wall. Cat. 7231 ; stems 3-9 in. glandular-
pubescent, cauline leaves ^— § in. somewhat remote oblong narrowed below or
obovate, sepals oblong minutely pubescent, petals white often with pink stripes
lanceolate acute. H.f 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 101, excl. Var. 0. ; Edgw.
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 48 ; Baker fy Saunders Ref. Rot. t. 296.

Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 3000-8000 ft. ; frequent. Wallich, T. Thomson, Strachey
§ Winterbottom, &c.

Rosulate leaves £-1^ in. spathulate or elongate obovate. Cymes lax with pedicels
|-1 in. long, often with two or more erect elongate branches. Follicles thin-walled,
erect. Seeds obovoid, ellipsoid, smooth, longitudinally striate. — This species may be
generally distinguished from S. rosidatum by its larger size, stronger cyme, and more

Sedum.'] liii. crassulace^. (C. B. Clarke.) 421

pubescent stem and sepals : but the only absolute distinction appears to lie in the
more acute petals.

17. S. Griffith!!, C. B. Clarke; stems 2-4 in. very weak glabrous,
cauline leaves \-% in. linear, cyme leafy corymbose, sepals narrow oblong,
petals white elliptic lanceolate. S. adenotrichum, Var. /3., H. f. 8f T. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. ii. 101.

Bhotan; Griffith.

H. f. & T. probably joined this -with 8. adenotrichum because of the acute petals ;
but in all other points, especially its weakness and glabrousness, it is nearer 8. rosu-
latum. It differs from both in the linear cauline leaves and particularly in the cyme,
which is corymbose and somewhat dense, with linear bracts like the cauline leaves.

18. S. trullipetalum, H. f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 102 ; glabrous,
stems 2-4| in., cauline leaves £ in. imbricate lanceolate-linear acute, cymes
dense, petals white-yellow with a very long claw and ovate cordate or lanceolate
limb.

Temperate and Alpine Himalaya from SiKKiMto Kashmir, alt. 11,000-16,000 ft.
Rosulate leaves £in. long, ovate-lanceolate. Sepals elliptic- lanceolate, acute.

19. S. Jaeschkei, Kurz in Seem. Journ. Bot. v. 240 ; annual, leaves
spathulate-oblong acute often rosulate, flowers large golden solitary.

Lahtjl, in West Tibet ; Jaeschke.

Branches 4-5 in. or less, crowded, simple, or branched from the base. Lower
leaves generally densely rosulate ; cauline scattered, smaller, narrower, or crowded
towards the end of the branches. Flowers soUtary at the end of the branches or
crowded in dwarf specimens, nearly £ in. long. Calyx segments \-\ in. long,
fleshy, green, similar to and often larger than the leaves. Petals double the sepals,
lanceolate, obtuse. Stamens less than half the length of the petals.

The above is closely copied from Mr. Kurz, who evidently possessed better mate-
rials than certain scraps transmitted to Kew by Jaeschke and referred by Dr.
Thomson to S. asiaticum, which has not the elongate leafy branches of the corymb.

There are several points however in which Mr. Kurz' description does not fit the
flowering slips (3 in. long) at Kew ; Mr. Kurz says that the leaves are shorter than
the sepals which are but 3 to 4 lines long ; in the Kew examples the leaves on the
corymb branches are \ in. long and more. The Kew slips may however belong to
examples of 8. asiaticum in its first year of flowering.

20. S. Ewersii, Ledeb. Fl. Alt. ii. 191; glabrous, stems 4-12 in., cauline
leaves £-1 in. diam. remote obovate or orbicular opposite or some of the upper-
most alternate, cymes usually dense, flowers rose-purple. Ledeb. Fl. Boss. ii.
182, and Ic. Fl. Boss. t. 58 ; H.f. # T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 102. S. Gerar-
dianum, Wall. Cat. 7235. S. azureum, Boyle III. t. 48. S. rubrum, Boyle III.
p. 222 ; Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 47.

Temperate and Alpine Himalaya from Ktjmaon to Kashmir, alt. 9000-17,000 ft. ;
frequent. — Distrib. Alpine Siberia and Soongaria.

Leaves fleshy, glaucous, entire or sinuate. Cymes sometimes less dense, corymbose
with alternate branches. That the flowers are ever blue appears to rest wholly on
Koyle's figure. Seeds ellipsoid, somewhat obovoid, testa not loose.

** Follicles 3-5, divaricate in fruit.

21. S. pallidum, Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. i. 353 and iii. 314; stems 1-5 in.
annual solitary cymose at top, carpels minutely squamose-tuberculate, seeds

422 liii. CRASSULACE-2E. (C. B. Clarke.) [Sedum.

obovoid finely striate longitudinally. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 185 ; H. f. $ T. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 102; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 790. S. Urvillei, DC. Prodr.
iii. 408.

Punjab Plain; Peshawur, Vicar?/; Hurroo and Hassababad, Aitchison. — Dis-
trib. Affghanistan and thence to Greece.

Glabrous or minutely glandular-pubescent. Leaves 1 in., oblong to linear. Flowers
5-merous subsessile, white (or rose ex Boissier). Petals acute, thrice as long as the
triangular acute sepals. <7yrae-branches minutely glandular, divaricate-recurved in
fruit. — A species that has been confounded with S. multicaule ; it differs in its habitat
and is absolutely separate by the seed.

22. S. multicaule, Wall. Cat. 7232 ; glabrous, stem 3-8 in. high usually
much divided from the base, carpels not tuberculate, seeds obovoid covered with
minute tubercles. H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 102. S. japonicum,
Sieb. Herb, in Mia. Ann. Mus. JBot. Lugd.-Bat. ii. 156.

Temperate Himalaya, alt. 4000-7000 ft., from Kashmir to Bhotan ; frequent.
— Distrib. China and Japan.

Leaves \-\ in. long, linear-oblong, acute. Flowers subsessile, petals yellow. Cyme
branches divaricate in fruit, usually elongate, subscorpioid.

23. S. perpusillum, H. f. 8f T. in Jowm. Linn. Soc. ii. 103 ; glabrous,
stems 1-2 in. branching crowded, follicles short oblong turgid small, seeds large
(therefore few in each carpel) obovoid hispid with elongate papillae.

Sikkim, alt. 12,000 ft., J. D.H.

Leaves £ in. long, sessile, oblong or linear. Cyme small, leafy. Flowers pedicellate,
erect. Sepals oblong, obtuse. Petals white, oblong, a little longer than the sepals.
Follicles connected ^ their length. — The specimen referred here by H. f. & T. collected
in the Western Himalaya has different seeds ; it is in too imperfect a state for
identification.

7. SE1VIPERVIVU1VI, Linn.

Fleshy herbs, often sending up annual flower-stems from a rosette of leaves
crowning the perennial rootstock. Leaves alternate. Cymes paniculate. Floivers
in the Indian species 8-merous, more rarely 6-8-merous. Calyx divided nearly
to the base. Petals free, or scarcely cohering at the base, oblong-lanceolate.
Stamens double the number of the petals, free. Hypogynous scales small, bifid,
united in pairs. Carpels equal in number with the petals, free or adnate to the
calyx, narrowed upwards into filiform styles ; ovules very numerous. Follicles
many-seeded. — Distrib. Species 40, extending from the Canary Islands across
South Europe and North Africa to Asia Minor and the Western Himalaya.

1. S. acuminatum, Dene, in Jacq. Voy. Lot. t. 74; leaves mucronate
glabrous, pedicels and sepals glabrous or slightly ciliate, sepals oblong-lanceolate
acuminate scarcely pubescent, IT. f. fy T. in. Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 92. S.
himalayense, Klotzsch in Reis. Pr. Waldem. Bot. t. 43. Sedum Moorcroftianum,
Wall. Cat 7228.

Alpine Himalaya, from Kunawur to Kashmir, alt. 10,000-15,000 ft. ; "West
Tibet, Strachey §■ Winterbottom, &c.

Stems 4-8 in. high. Eosulate leaves l-2£ in. long, obovate-lanceolate or nearly
linear ; cauline £- f in., sessile, oblong, acuminate, but little imbricate. Cyme some-
what lax. Petals glabrous, purple-rose, twice or thrice the sepals. Seeds narrow
obovoid, striate longitudinally.

Sempervivum.~\ liii. crassulacejE. (C. B. Clarke.) 423

2. S. mucronatum, J?f/(/w. in Trans. Linn. Soc.xx. 49; basal leaves
rosulate mucronate ciliate on the edge or glabrous, sepals glandular-pubescent
oblong-lanceolate acuminate. H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 92.

Alpine Himalaya, from Ktjmaon to Kashmir, alt. 10,000-12,000 ft.; Kumaon,
Strachey $ Winterbottom ; Niti, Edgeworth ; Gttxrwhal, Falconer ; Kashmir, Jacque-

Stems 2-6 in. high. Kosulate leaves l-l£ in. lanceolate; cauline sessile, oblong-
lanceolate, more or less pubescent. Cyme somewhat dense. Petals white, scarcely
twice the sepals. Seeds narrowly obovoid, striated longitudinally, hardly half so big
as in S. acuminatum.

3. S. sedoides, Bene, in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 74 ; basal leaves rosulate oblong-
obovate minutely pilose, sepals oblong or somewhat obovate obtuse or at least
not acuminate pubescent, carpels distinctly glandular-pilose upwards. H. f. 8f
T. in Jcmrn. Linn. Soc. ii. 93. S. fimbriatum, Klotzsch in Reis. Pr. Waldem. Bot.
t. 43. S. album, Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 49 )H.f.Sf T. 1. c. 93.

"Western Himalaya. Gurwhal, and Pir Punjal Kashmir, Falconer. Kunawur
and Kashmir, Jacquemont.

Stems 1-3 in. Kosulate leaves f in. long; cauline £- £ in. somewhat densely
imbricate, sessile, oblong or elliptic, glandular-pubescent. Cyme dense. Petals lan-
ceolate (white or rose-white ?). Seeds narrowly ellipsoid, minutely striate longitu-
dinally.

8. TRIACTINA,^./.^.

A weak succulent herb. Leaves alternate and verticillate. Flowers yellow,
in lax leafy cymes. Calyx 5-partite. Petals 5, free, yellow. Stamens 10. Hypo-
gynous glands 3, linear. Carpels 3, connate to the middle ; ovules several in
each carpel. Follicles 3, connate to the middle, divaricate above, 1-seeded.

1. T. verticillata, H.f. 8f. T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 103.

Sikxim, alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. ; Lachen, J. D. H. ; Tumbok, C. B. Clarke.

Glabrous. Stems 4-10 in. long. Leaves ^~1£ in. long, entire, narrowly obovate.
Flowers subsessile. Sepals very small. Seed ellipsoid, somewhat obovoid, hispid
with elongate papillae.

This plant by the characters of its carpels and seeds is very closely allied to Se-
dum perpusillum H. f. <$r T. H. f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 90 characterise
Triactina as having polyspermous follicles ; the material collected by Sir J. D. Hooker
was scanty, and the subsequent collections of C. B. Clarke have all the follicles
1-seeded.

Order LIV. DROSERACEX. (By 0. B. Clarke, F.L.S.)

Herbs ; catching insects by means of glandular sticky hairs, or by means
of petioled leaves with automatically closing laminse. Flowers hermaphrodite,
regular. Calyx 4-5- (rarely -8-)partite, or sepals free imbricate persistent.
Petals and stamens as many as the sepals, hypogynous or nearly so. Ovary
nearly free, globose or ovoid, 1-3-celled ; styles 5-3, capitate fimbriate or bifid ;
ovules numerous, on parietal placentae equal in number to the styles. Capsule
membranous 5-3-valved, many-seeded. Seeds with fleshy albumen ; embryo
cylindric or minute. — Distrib. Species 110, spread over nearly all temperate
and tropical lands except the islands of the Pacific.

Leaves glandular ; cauline 0 or alternate 1. Drosera.

Cauline leaves whorled vesicular glabrous 2. Aldrovanua.

424 liv. droserace^!. (C. B. Clarke.) [Drosera.

1. DROSERA, Linn,

Perennial herbs, scapigerous or with a leafy stem, glandular-pilose. Leaves
rosulate or alternate, usually circinate in vernation ; stipules 0 or scariose and
adnate to the petiole. Calyx free from the ovary, 4-8-partite, sepals persistent.
Petals 4r-8, hypogynous or scarcely perigynous, white or rose, withering persis-
tent. Stamens as many as the petals, hypogynous or scarcely perigynous. Ovary
1-celled with 2-5 styles ; ovules parietal, numerous. Capsule loculicidally
2-5-valved. Seeds numerous, in the Indian species obovoid-ellipsoid with the
testa black smooth reticulate not lax. — Distrib. Species 100, scattered through-
out the world except Polynesia ; very numerous in Australia.

1. D. Burmanni, Vahl. Symb.m. 50 ; leaves all radical rosulate cuneate-
spathulate, stipules equalling half the petiole, scapes 1-3 glabrous, flowers race-
mose with glabrous pedicels, styles 5 undivided. Don Prodr. 212 ; DC. Prodr. i.
318 ; Roxb. FL 2nd. ii. 113 ; Wall. Cat. 1242 ; Wight. Lll. t. 20 (the styles incor-
rect) ; Wight Ic. t. 944 ; W. 8f A. Prodr. 34 ; Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. iii.
vol. ix. 190; Mia. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i._pt. ii. p. 120 -,_H. /._$• T, in_Journ. Linn.
Soc. ii. 82 ; Thwaites Enu
As. Soc. 1876, pt. ii. 310.

Throughout India in the Plains, from Ceylon and Bombay to the base of the
Himalaya and Burmah ; abundant ; ascending to 4000 ft. in the Himalaya, and 8000
ft. in the Deccan. — Distrib. China and Japan, Malaya, West Africa, Australia.

Leaves £-l|- in. long. Scapes 2-8 in. high ; pedicels erect in fruit. Calyx minutely
papillose.

2. Z>. iridic a, Linn. Sp. PI. 403 ; stem decumbent elongate with alternate
long linear leaves, racemes leaf-opposed, styles 3 bifid to the base. DC. Prodr,
i. 319 ; Roxb. Fl. Lnd. ii. 313 ; Wall. Cat. 1244 ; Wight Lll. t. 20 (the styles in-
correct) ; W. 8f A. P?-odr. 34 ; Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. iii. vol. ix. 204
Miq. Fl. Lnd. Pat. i. pt. ii. p. 120; H. f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 82
Thwaites Enum. 21 ; Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb: Fl. 12 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc
1876, pt. ii. 310. D. Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 3752. D. serpens, Planch. 1. c
204 ; Rheede Hort. Mai. x. t. 20.

Ceylon and the Deccan as far north as Chota Nagpore, frequent ; Burma and
the Malay Peninsula (but not known in the Gangetic Plain). — Distrib. China,
Malaya, Tropical Australia, Africa.

Stems 2-12 in., simple, rarely branched. Leaves 1-3 in., very glandular-pubes-
cent, hardly broader than the glabrous petiole. Racemes 2-6 in. ; pedicels £-§ in.
Sepals lanceolate, minutely glandulose or nearly glabrous. Seeds obovoid; testa
prominently reticulated, not scrobiculate nor differing essentially from the seeds of
the other two Indian species.

3. D. peltata, Sm. in Willd. Sp. PI. i. 1546 ; stem erect leafy, leaves
alternate long petioled lunate peltate, sepals ovate glabrous erose or fimbriate,
styles 3 fimbriate. DC. Prodr. i. 319 ; Sm. Exot. Bot. t. 41 (wrong as to colour
of the fiowers) ; Don Prodr. 212 ; Wight Lll. t. 20 ; W. 8? A. Prodr. i. 34 ;
Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. iii. vol. ix. 296 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1876,

t. ii. 310. D. lunata, Ham. ; DC. Prodr. i. 319; Wall. Cat. 1243; Hook. Lc.

i. t. 54; Planch. 1. c. 296; Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. pt. ii. p. 120; H. f. $ T. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 82 ; Thwaites Enum. 22. D. gracilis and D. foliosa, Hook,
f. ; Planch. 1. c. 297, 298. D. Lobbiana, Turcz. (fide Kurz).

g

Drosera.~\ liv. droserace^!. (C. B. Clarke.) 425

Throughout India. Var. 1 confined to the Malayan Peninsula ; var. 2 ascending to
10,000 ft. in the Himalaya, and 8000 in the Nilghiris. — Distrib. Malay Archipelago
to Australia.

Stems 3-12 in. high, simple or corymbose upwards. Racemes subterminal, pedi-
cels ^-f in. long. Flowers white. Seed as in the preceding species ; with a close
testa (as Benth. correctly) and not tuberculate, which Planchon says it is. This plant
turns very black in drying, but often stains the drying paper purple.

Var. 1. typica ; rosulate leaves persistent, sepals very fimbriate. Moulmein and
Sincapore.

Var. 2. lunata; rosulate leaves early deciduous, sepals erose or but slightly
fimbriate.

[D. intermedia of Herb. Boyle is stated to have been collected in N. W. India ;
which, as Boyle's specimens are D.peltata typica, is improbable. D. intermedia of W.
4" A. Prodr. 34 is probably founded on the specimen so named and still preserved in
Wight's Herbarium which seems to have been collected, not in India, and by a Dr.
Haynes, not Heyne.]

2. ALDROVANDA, Linn.

A weak succulent diaphanous glabrous floating herb in water. Stems arti-
culate, with whorls of spathulate-orbicular leaves at the nodes, the laminae
£-£ in. diain., contorted, bladdery. Flowers peduncled, axillary, solitary. Calyx
5-partite. Petals 5, hypogynous, connivent in a cap. Stamens 5, hypogynous.
Ovary 1-celled ; styles 5 with terminal branching stigmas ; ovules numerous, on
5 parietal placentae. Capsule globose, 5-valved. Seeds numerous, broad, oblong,
testa black shining.

1. A. vesiculosa, Linn.) DC. Prodr. i. 319; Reich. Iconogr. Europ.
iii. t. 24 ; H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 83 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 34 ; Planch,
in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. iii. vol. ix. 304. A. verticillata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 112.

Salt-pans south of Calcutta; Roxburgh; T. Thomson; S. Kurz. — Distrib. Cen-
tral Europe and Australia.

Order LV. HAMAMELIDES:. (By 0. B. Clarke, F.L.S.)

Trees or shrubs, often with stellate pubescence ; prosenchyma of the wood
marked with discs as in the Coniferce. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple or
palmately lobed ; stipules 1-2, rarely wanting, deciduous or rarely persistent.
Flowe?'s hermaphrodite or unisexual, collected into heads, spikes, or close ra-
cemes, or spikes. Calyx small or 0, adnate to the ovary ; free in Distylium.
Petals 0, or 4-5 perigynous or nearly epigynous. Stamens 4-oo , perigynous, or
in Distylium hypogynous ; anthers dehiscing longitudinally ; the valves decidu-
ous in Loropetalum. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, separate and ultimately divari-
cate, persistent (deciduous in Altingia) ; ovules l-oo , axile, pendulous. Capsule
woody, dehiscing at the vertex across the dissepiment so as to split each style
in two, and in some genera also afterwards imperfectly dehiscing through the
dissepiment ; endocarp often horny separating from the exocarp. Seeds 1, or
many when usually only the lowest in each cell is perfect. — Distrib. Species
30 ; found in Asia from Persia and the Himalaya to Malaya China and Japan ;
in North America and in South Africa.

426 lv. hamamelide^i. , (C. B. Clarke.) [Parrottia*

A. Ovules solitary in each cell.

* Petals 0.

Ovary half-inferior. Leaves deciduous. Stamens 5-7 ... 1. Pabbottia.

Ovary superior, Flowers separate, not in heads 2. Distylium.

Ovary half-inferior. Leaves persistent. Stamens 8 .... 3. Sycopsis.

** Petals present.

Petals obovate-spathulate. Anthers blunt. Leaves deciduous. 4. Coeixopsis.
Petals 4, linear. Connective horned. Leaves persistent . . 5. Lobopetaltjm.
Petals 5, linear. Calyx-tube circumscissile. Leaves persistent 6. Maingata.

B. Ovules several in each cell.

Male flowers with a perianth. Leaves cordate-ovate, entire . 7. Bucklandia^
Male flowers without a perianth. Leaves oblong-lanceolate,

serrate 8. Axtingia.

1. FARROTTIA, C. A. Mey.

Large branching shrubs. Leaves alternate, orbicular or oblong, crenate,.
deciduous ; stipules large, early deciduous. Flowers hermaphrodite, appearing
before the leaves, in capitate heads surrounded by large membranous bracts.
Calyx half-adherent to the ovary 5 limb 5-7-fid. Petals 0. Stamens equal in
number and opposite to the calyx-lobes, perigynous j anthers dehiscing by a
longitudinal slit. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, soon divaricate, with simple stigmas ;
ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous. Capsule woody ; endocarp horny,
separating from the exocarp. Seed narrowly ellipsoid, testa shining strami-
neous or scarcely brown. — Disteib. Species 2, one in Kashmir, one in Persia.

1. P. Jacquemontiana, Dene, in Jacq. Toy. Pot. t. 82 ; anthers less
than A in. long subquadrate, ovary and fruit with long woolly pubescence. H.
f. # T. in Journ. Lmn. Soc. ii. 85 ; Brandis For. Fl. p. 216, t. xxviii. Fother-
gilla involucrata, Falc. in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 18 (without description).

Kashmie, alt. 5000-9000 ft. ; common.

A gregarious bush 6-12 ft. high, closely resembling a hazel; twigs and leaves
beneath with stellate pubescence. Leaves 2-3 in. diam., blunt, petiole \ in. long.
Flowers small, involucral bracts obovate J in. long. Cafytf-segments narrow, oblong
or linear. Fruit in harsh spherical heads 1-1 £ in. diam.

2. DISTYLIUM, Sieb. $ Zucc.

Small trees. Leaves alternate, persistent, coriaceous, entire, oblong-lanceolate -y
stipules lanceolate, early deciduous. Flowers small, in short upright axillary
spikes, polygamous, not congested. Calyx free, deeply 3-5-fid, imbricate ; some-
times wanting. Petals 0. Stamens 2-8, hypogynous ; anthers dehiscing by a
longitudinal slit. Ovary superior, 2-celled ; styles 2, soon distant at base, with
capitate stigmas ; ovule solitary in each cell, attached near the upper inner angle.
Capsule woody ; endocarp horny, separating from the exocarp. Seed narrowly
ellipsoid, testa shining, stramineous. — Disteib. Species 2 ; one in Khasia, one
in China and Japan.

Vistylium.'] ly. hamamelide^:. (C. B. Clarke.) 42T

1. D. indicum, Benth. in Herb. Griff. No. 3377; leaves 3-4 in. more
or less stellately pubescent beneath, petiole \ in., unripe fruit £ in. long densely
stellate tomentose.

Khasia Mts. ; Griffith.

Griffith's specimens are all in half-ripe fruit. Baric lenticelled, the end of the
twigs and stipules with rusty stellate pubescence. Spikes 1-3 in. long, with stellate
pubescence, each bearing 2-4 fruits, pedicels |-1 in. long. The calyx seems to have
been early deciduous. Styles very long. — This species appears near the typical B.
racemosum, Sieb. & Zucc. but has larger leaves not glabrous and much larger fruits ;
the ripe fruits in B. racemosum do not exceed \ in. long. B. racemosum is a tree-
25 ft. high.

3. SYCOPSIS, Oliv.

A tree (or shrub). Leaves alternate, petioled, entire, coriaceous, lanceolate ;.
stipules minute, early deciduous. Flowers unisexual, in small close axillary
spikes, both sexes in the same spike. Male : calyx very small ; petals 0 ; sta-
mens 8 (of which number several appear abortive) ; rudimentary ovary 2-fid.
Female : calyx-tube adnate to the ovary for f its height ; petals 0 ; ovary 2-
celled ; styles 2 separate ; ovules solitary in each cell pendulous.

1. S. Griffithiana, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 83 with a figure \
Benth. $ H. f. Gen. PI. i. 666.

Khasia Mts. ; Griffith.

Boughs much branched with lenticular bark. Leaves 2-3 in. with stellate pubes-
cence when young but soon glabrous ; petiole \ in. long. Spikes less than 1 in.
stellately pubescent (and with sheathing bracts Benth. Sf H. /.). Young fruits ^ in.,
diam., white-tomentose with close matted stellate hairs. Anthers dehiscent longi-
tudinally.— Specimens imperfect.

4. CORYLOPSIS, Sieb. $ Zucc.

Shrubs in habit leaves and inflorescence resembling hazels. Leaves alternate,
petioled, ovate or oblong, serrate, deciduous ; stipules large, deciduous. Flowers
appearing before the leaves in pendulous racemes, each flower nearly sessile
with a large sheathing bract. Calyx-tuhe adnate to the ovary, limb of 5 val-
vate lobes. Petals 5, perigynous, obovate-spathulate. Stamens 5, perigynous ;
anthers separated by a somewhat broad connective, dehiscing longitudinally
laterally. Scales 5, alternate with the stamens, or 10-15 irregularly placed.
Ovary half-inferior, 2-celled ; styles two, soon divaricate ; ovules 1 in each cell,,
pendulous. Capsule woody, endocarp horny, separating from the exocarp.
Seeds narrowly ellipsoid, testa black shining. — Disteib. Species 4, extending
from East Bengal through China to Japan.

1. C. XXimalayana, Griff", in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,xxiii. 642, with
a figure wherein the name is changed to C. grata ; twigs petioles and peduncles,
stellate-tomentose or pubescent, bracts and calyces silky, racemes dense in fruit.
H. f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 85. Hamamelida, Griff. Jc. PL Asiat. t. 633
(excellent).

Khasia Mts., alt. 4000—6000 ft, common. Bhotan, alt. 5000—8000 ft.;
Griffith.

428 lv. hamamelide.e. (C. B. Clarke.) [Corylopsis.

About 6 ft. high ; bark lenticelled. Leaves 4 in., round-ovate and acute, or
smaller and narrower, often cordate at base with a petiole £-l£ in., plicate, glabrous
above, pilose silky or tomentose beneath ; nerves straight, parallel, prominent.
Petals obovate or elliptic, unguiculate, yellow- white. — C. mtdtiflora, Hance, from the
tea districts of Fokien, hardly differs except that the nerves of the leaves are much
fewer and wider apart, and that the petals have a very long claw and round limb.

5. LORO PET ALUM, Br.

A much branching woody shrub. Leaves alternate, oblong, entire, persis-
tent; stipules membranous, soon deciduous. Flower-hea,d.a peduncled, quasi-
terminal, ebracteate, of 6-8 sessile^owers. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, limb
of 4 valvate lobes. Petals 4, perigynous, linear, circinate in aestivation. Stamens
4, perigynous, filaments very short, connective produced as a horn. Hypogy-
nous scales 4, very small. Ovary half-inferior, 2- celled; styles 2, distinct, soon
divergent ; ovules in each cell 1, pendulous. Capsule woody, ovoid, endocarp
horny, separating from the exocarp. Seeds narrowly ellipsoid, testa black
shining.

If. chinense, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 459. Hamamelis chinen-
sis, Br. in Abel China, 375, with a figure ; suggesting the new genus Loropetalum.
DC. Prodr. iv. 269 ; H.f.$ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 85.

Khasia Mts. alt. 4000-5000 ft. ; J. J). H. $ T. Thomson.— Distrib. South China.

Twigs and inflorescence with much stellate pubescence. Leaves l-2£in.long, stellate-
hairy on both surfaces (small in the Chinese specimens), acute, from a rounded
base ; petiole £-£ in. long. Petals £-| in. long, 4 or 5 times the sepals, yellowish.
Anthers short, the edges of the valves bent in to meet the connective, so that the
young stamen has 4 pseudo-cells ; the valves open from the connective and soon after
drop off altogether.

6. MAINGAYA, Oliver.

A tree. Leaves alternate, undivided, petioled, persistent ; stipules small, deci-
duous. Heads peduncled, quasi-terminal, ebracteate, of about 15 flowers. Calyx-
tube adherent to the ovary ; the limb closed, splitting up on one side a little
way from the base and then circumscissile deciduous in a cap. Petals 5, peri-
gynous, linear, circinate in aestivation. Stamens 5, perigynous, filaments very
short, connective produced as a horn. Scales about 10, very small. Ovary half-
inferior, 2-celled ; styles 2 distinct, short ; ovule 1 in each cell, pendulous.
Capsule woody, ovoid, endocarp horny, separating from the exocarp. Seeds
unknown.

1. M. malayana, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 517, t. 44.

Penang; Maingay,1$o. 1871.

A tall tree with rather small stem (ex Maingay), glabrous, the innovations ped-
uncles and calyx with stellate hairs. leaves 3-5 in. long, oblong-lanceolate, petiole
£-§ in. long glabrous. Petals J— | in. long, 4-6 times the sepals. Dehiscing capsule
\ in. long and £ in. broad. — Maingay a differs from Loropetalum in the 5 not 4 petals,
in the habit, but particularly in the calyx-limb circumscissile falling off in a cap be-
fore the flower expands.

BucMandia.'] lv. hamamelideje. (C. B. Clarke.) 429

7. BUCKLANDXA, Br.

A tree attaining 80 ft. high. Leaves alternate, cordate-ovate, acuminate,
entire, long-petioled ; stipules solitary or in pairs, large, oblong, coriaceous,
deciduous. Inflorescence of 2-5-peduncled heads, at first enclosed between a
pair of stipules ; flowers adnate by their calyces, about 8 in a head, polygamous.
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary ; limb 5-lobed. Petals in the 9 flower linear-
spathulate, fleshy, variable in number ; in the $ rudimentary. Stamens 10-14
(in the $ r one) ; filaments long. Ovary half-inferior, 2-celled ; styles 2, separate,
soon divaricate ; ovules in each cell 6 in two rows. Capsule nearly superior,
woody, subglobose, endocarp horny, showing a tendency to separate from the
exocarp. Seeds in each cell 6, oblong, trigonous; the upper wingless solid,
without any embryo, the lower one in each cell winged fertile.

1. B. populnea, Br. in Wall. Cat. 7414 ; Griff, in Asiat. Res. xix. 95,
with two plates. B. populifolia, H. f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 86 ; Kurz
Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, i. 445. Liquidambar tricuspis, Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i.
pt. i. 1097 and Suppl. 346, with a figure.

Temperate Himalaya, from Nepal to Bhotan, alt. 5000-8000 ft., common.
Kttasia Mts., alt. 4000-6000 ft., common. Bttrmah, Griffith, Kurz. — Distrib. Java,
Sumatra.

Branches and adult leaves glabrous. Leaves 3-8 in. with a cartilaginous edge,
quite entire or 3 -cuspidate especially in young plants, petiole 1-5 in. glabrous or
when young densely silky with brown hairs. Peduncles (at least at first) densely
brown silky; as are the young ovaries. — The Malayan Liquidambar tricuspis does
not differ in the smallest point from Himalayan specimens some of which have tri-
cuspidate leaves and sericeous petioles. Cf. Kurz in Flora, 1871, p. 289.

8. A LTINOI A, Noronha.

Trees. Leaves alternate, petioled, ovate or oblong, glandular-serrate, per-
sistent ; stipules deciduous or persistent. Flowers in dense heads ; heads wrapped
by a large bract, males racemose, females solitary. Male heads a mass of sta-
mens with very short filaments, probably representing numerous achlamydeous
flowers. Anthers obverse-pyramidal, the valves when young turned in till they
reach the connective so that the young stamen is pseudo-4-celled ; dehiscing
longitudinally. Female heads of 12-20 flowers; calyces confluent, without
limb. Petals 0 (some rudimentary stamens have been taken for petals). Ovary
f-inferior, 2-celled ; styles 2, separate, deciduous ; ovules numerous, axile.
Fruit-head globose, harsh. Seeds numerous ; lowest 1-2 of each cell winged
fertile, the upper without wing or embryo. — Distkib. Species 2; extending
from East Bengal to China and Malaya.

1. A. excels a, Noronha in Verh. Bat. Genootsch v. 41, ex BentK fy
Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. pt. ii. 669 ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate, petiole
1-1£ in. Kurz Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, i. 446. Sedgwickia cera9ifolia, Grif.
in Asiat. Pes. xix. 99, with two plates. Liquidambar Altingia, Blume Fl.
Jav. fasc. xvii. 8, with a figure; H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 86 ; Miq. FL
Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 836. L. Altingiana, Blume Bijd. 527.

430 lv. hamamelidej:. (0. B. Clarke.) [Altingia.

Assam and Bhotan ; Griffith. Pegu and Mergui, Kurz. — Distrib. Java, Yunan.

A tree 60-100 ft. high. Leaves 3-4£ in., glabrous on both surfaces, or with tufts
of hairs in the axils of the nerves beneath. — The only other species, A. chinensis,
differs in its thicker leaves, less acuminate, and much more shortly petioled.

Order LVI. KALOBAGEJE. (By O. B. Clarke, F.L.S.)

Herbs, either weak aquatics or small land plants. Leaves opposite or
whorled (or in the Indian species occasionally partly alternate) when submersed
often pectinately pinnatifid ; stipules 0. Flowers axillary, solitary or clustered,
sessile less often pedicelled, the whorls often simulating a spike ; hermaphrodite
or unisexual, always small. Calyx-lobes 4 or 0. Petals 4 epigynous or 0.
Stamens 8, 4, or 1 epigynous in the hermaph. flowers. Ovary inferior, 4-, 2- or
1-celled ; styles 4, 2 or 1, fimbriate or simple ; ovules 4, pendulous (or in
Hippuris 1). Fruit small dry or drupaceous, 4-2-1-celled, indehiscent or
separating into its carpels; seeds 4 or more rarely 1. — Distrib. Species 80,
many aquatic ; spread over the whole globe.

Terrestrial. Flowers all sessile or subsessile. Stamens 8 . . 1. Haloragis.

Terrestrial. Male flowers pedicelled. Stamens 8 .... 2. Serpicula.

Aquatic. Stamen 1. Style 1. Ovule 1 3. Hippuris.

Aquatic. Stamens 8 or 4. Styles 4. Seeds 4 4. Myriophyixum.

Aquatic or subaquatic. Stamen 1. Styles 2. Seeds 4 . . 5. Callitriche.

1. KALORAGIS,i'r,/.

Branching wiry herbs. Leaves opposite, the upper sometimes alternate, toothed,
rigid. Flowers minute, nearly sessile in the axil of bracts, spicate or racemose,
partially unisexual or hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube 4-8-ribbed ; lobes 4 erect
persistent acute valvate. Petals 4 coriaceous, often wanting in the $ . Sta-
mens 8 epigynous. Ovary 2- or 4-celled with 4 pendulous ovules ; stigmas 4
(in the females at least) sessile, feathery. Fruit a dry 2-4-celled 2-4-seeded
nut ; but in the two Indian species by abortion 1-celled 1-seeded. — Distrib.
Species 40 ; reaching from Japan and East Bengal to New Zealand ; Australia
being the centre of the genus ; one species found in Juan Fernandez.

1. K. micrantha, Br. in Flinders Voy. ii. 550 ; glabrous, leaves ovate
acute denticulate, flowers in terminal often subpaniculate racemes. Benth. Fl.
Austral, ii. 482. H. tenella, Brongn. in Duperr. Voy. t. 68. Gonocarpus nii-
cranthus, Thurib. Fl. Jap. t. 15 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 66. Goniocarpus micranthus,
Koen. 8f Sims Ann. Bot. i. 546, t. 12.

i

Khasia Mts., alt. 5000-7000 ft., Griffith, J. D. H. $ T. Thomson. . Sikkim, alt.
8000-10,000 ft., J. D. H. — Distrib. From Sikkim and Japan across China Malaya
and Australia to New Zealand.

A wiry branching herb, stems 4-16 in. Leaves \ in., opposite, very shortly
petioled ; upper sometimes alternate passing by degrees into the lower bracts. Flowers
very small ; pedicels about ^ in. Petals thrice the triangular sepals. Fruit about
^ in. long, shining, glabrous with 8 ribs, 1-celled, 1-seeded.

2. H. tetrag-yna, Hooh.f. Fl. New Zealand, i. 62 ; harshly though often
minutely scabrous, leaves lanceolate (ovate in the New Zealand form) serrate,
flowers in terminal often subpaniculate spikes. H. scabra, Benth. Fl. Hongk.

Maloragis.] lvi. halorage^:. (C. B. Clarke.) 431

139. Goniocarpus scaler, Koen. fy Sims Ann. Pot. i. 547, t. 12 ; DC. Prodr.
iii. 66. G. tetragyna, LaUll. Fl. Nov. Moll. i. t. 53.

Khasia Mts., alt. 5000-6000 ft. ; between Nunklow and Myrung, and at Kul-
long ; J. D. H. $ T. Thomson. — Distrib. China, Malaya, Australia, New Zealand.

A suberect rigid herb 4-10 in. high with many branches. Leaves § in. in the
Khasia examples oblong acute,, as in the Chinese ; in the New Zealand much shorter
often ovate ; opposite, the upper sometimes alternate, passing by degrees into the
bracts. Flowers sessile, very small. Sepals triangular with a cartilaginous recurved
border. Petals twice the sepals, scabrous-pilose on their backs. Fruit with 8 (often
obscure) ribs, tubercular, scabrous and covered also with most minute white points,
1-celled, 1 -seeded. — The Australian specimens agree with those of Bengal in these
minute points ; and moreover the fruit appears in the Australian specimens uni-
formly 1-seeded (as stated correctly by Koenig for the Chinese plant) and not
4-seeded (as stated and figured by La Billardiere).

2. SERPICULA, Linn.

Herbs, small, decumbent, branching. Leaves opposite or alternate (often on
the same plant). Flowers monoecious, minute, clustered in the same axils, the
females sessile the males pedi celled. Male: calyx-tube short, lobes 4 ovate
acute *, petals 4, cucullate ; stamens 8 ; stigmas 4, rudimentary. Female : calyx-
tube long, lobes 4 ovate acute ; petals and stamens 0 ; ovary 1-celled ; styles 4
spreading with papillose or plumose stigmas ; ovules 4, pendulous. Nut minute,
ovate, 1-seeded, 8-ribbed or smooth. — Distkib. Species 2>"4 in the marshes of
warm Asia, Africa, and America.

1. S. zeylanica, Am. in Merb. ; suffruticose, leaves linear or linear ob-
ovate entire or with 1-3 linear small teeth on each edge, fruit glabrous 8-ribbed
tuberculate on the ribs. S. indica, Thwaites partim, viz. OJP. No. 447, 146.
Haloragis oligantha, Am. Pugillus PI. Ind. Or. 18, not of W. fy A. Prodr.

Ceylon; Adams Peak, Thwaites.

Glabrous. Stems 6-16 in. Leaves £-§ in. opposite and alternate on the same
stem, densely approximated. Pedicels of the male fl. equalling the leaves. Stamens
8. Fruit most minutely puncticulate between the ribs not pilose.

Var. minor; stems very delicate scarcely 2 in. S. indica Thwaites $. minor
No. 146 partly. Ceylon, Central Provinces ; Thwaites. Appears worthy of specific
distinction, but Mr. Thwaites treats it as a variety.

2. S. indica, Thwaites JEnum. p. 123 partly ; leaves obovate-oblong or
obovate dentate-serrate, fruit with minute glands and very small white hairs, ribs
very obscure or generally altogether wanting. S. brevipes and S. hirsuta, W.
■# A. Prodr. 338. S. hirsuta, Wight. Ic. 1001 ; Am. Pugillus PI. Ind. Or. 18.
Serpicula sp., Wall. Cat. 7488.

Ceylon and Mts. of the Deccan Peninsula, alt. 6000-8000 ft., frequent. My-
sore, T. Lobb.

Pilose, or sometimes glabrous except the ovary and calyx. Leaves £-1 in.
usually minutely ciliate on the edges, opposite with the upper ones alternate, or with
some lower leaves alternate also ; or all opposite. Pedicels of the male flowers
usually as long as the leaves, often much longer. Stamens 8. Fruit generally very
free from ridges or tubercles.

432 lvi. halorageje. (C. B. Clarke.) [Serpicuia.

8. veroniccefolia, Bory of Java; Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4. vi. 126, slightly
differs from the most glabrous Indian specimens (8. brevipes W. $ A.) by being quite
glabrous, more robust in habit, a brighter red colour, and the fruit more tuberculate.

Serpicuia veetictliata, Roxb. Cor. PL t. 164 and Fl. Ind. iii. 578 is Hydrilla
verticillata Richard among the Vallisneriece.

3. HIPPURIS, Linn.

A glabrous water plant, the stems thick, simple, leafy. Leaves in whorls of
4-6-12, linear or oblong. Flowers minute, solitary, sessile in the axils of the
leaves ; hermaphrodite or unisexual. Calyx-tube subcylindric, limb entire. Pe-
tals 0. Stamen 1, epigynous. Ovary inferior, 1-celled ; style 1, linear, stigmatose
along nearly its whole length ; ovule 1, pendulous. Drupe ellipsoid, very smooth,
indehiscent, with a thick wall.

1. H. vulgaris, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 6 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 71 j Engl. Bot. t.
763 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 754.

West Tibet, alt. 10,000-15,000 ft.; Falconer, T. Thomson, Strachey $ Winter-
bottom. — Disteib. Cabul ; Dahuria ; and in the frigid or cool temperate waters of
the whole Northern Hemisphere ; also at Magellan Straits.

Leaves in the Tibet specimens about 1 in. 6-10 in the whorl. Flowers in the
upper part of the stem that emerges from the water ; lowest part of the stem losing
its leaves. — In all respects agreeing with the common European type.

4. MVRXOPHYX.X.UHX, Linn.

Herbs, glabrous, their stems floating. Leaves dentate-serrate or pectinate-
pinnatifid, rarely entire, whorled in the Indian species except M. intermedin.
Flowers small, sessile or nearly so, in the axils of floral leaves or in
nearly naked spikes ; monoecious or hermaphrodite. Male : calyx-tube short,
limb 2-4-fid or 0 ; petals 2-4 ; stamens 2-8. Female : calyx-tube deeply 4-
furrowed, limb 0 or of 4 minute lobes ; petals minute or 0 ; ovary inferior, 4- or
2-celled ; styles 2 or 4, short, usually recurved with plumose stigmas ; ovules
solitary in each cell, pendulous. Fruit 4-furrowed or separating into 4 or 2
carpels. — Distbib. Species 15, found all over the world.

Wight's Herb. No. 942 named M. indicum Willd. consisted really of M. interme-
dium DC. and M. tuberculatum Roxb. mixed together. The single plate we have
illustrating Indian Myriophyllum viz. Wight 111. t. 102 is made up of a stem of M. in-
termedium together with an analysis of the fruit (very good) of M. tuberculatum.

Further, the plate of Haloragis oliganiha Wight Ic. t. 1061 is M. intermedium DC.y
as are Wight's own herbarium specimens of Lis Haloragis oliganiha ; but not so
Arnott's, as see under Serpicuia zeylanica above.

Lastly, though Wight's Herb. 942 was named M. indicum, Willd., Wight's own
Herb. No. 1094 is truly M. indicum as Arnott quotes it to be in W. $ A. Prodr. 339.

1. M. tuberculatum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 12 ; Fl. Ind. i. 451 ; spikes
in fruit subterminal, floral leaves £-f in. linear cuneate toothed upwards,
fruit £ in. long, a broad furrow between the acute carpel-backs, both the ridges
and the broad furrows carrying pointed small tubercles. Wall. Cat. 6337 ; DC.
Prodr. iii. 69 ; Miq. Fir Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 635. M. intermedium, Wight HI. t.
102 as to the fruit only. M. indicum, Griff. Not. iv. 687.

Assam and East Bengal. Very common in the j heels, but no specimen from west
of Calcutta.

Upper whorls usually of male flowers, lower of female ; hermaphrodite flowers

Myriophyllum.'] lvi. haloragej:. (C. B. Clarke.) 433

also occur. Stamens always 4, but the number is probably not constant. Stigmas
pink, much fimbriate. Fruit looked down upon appears stellate.

2. 1*1 . indicum, Willd. Sp. PL iv. 407 ; spikes in fruit subterminal, floral
leaves £-£ in. narrow-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, upper entire or crenate,
fruit scarce T\ in. long but much broader, carpels 4 rounded on the back but
separated by wide furrows tubercled and puberulous or finally quite smooth and
glabrous. Wall. Cat. 6338 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 68 ; W. 8c A. Prodr. 339 ; Miq. FL
Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 634. M. tetrandrum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 451 ; Grif. Notul. iv.
686 ;W.$A. Prodr. 339 ; Miq. 1. c. 634. [M. indicum, Wight III. t. 102 to be
altogether excluded. ~\

Assam and Bengal, in the jheels and canals, common, Coromandel coast and
Ceylon.

Upper whorls of male flowers, lower of female, intermediate often hermaphrodite.
Stamens 4. Stigmas green, little fimbriate. Fruit looked down upon appears
stellate.

There is a variety with longer floral leaves, so that the inflorescence is hardly
terminal, and with the leaves not quite opposite ; but the fruit noway approaches
that of M. intermedium.

3. HI. verticillatum, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 755 ; whorls of fruit
axillary, floral leaves £-l£ in. pectinate, segments linear, fruit about as long as
broad not deeply furrowed or tuberculate. DC. Prodr. iii. 68; Engl. Bot.
t. 218 ; not Roxb. Hort. Beng. 12.

Kashmir, Falconer, Jacguemont, Thomson (all barren). Ponds above Shapiyon,
alt. 7000 ft. ; C. B. Clarke. — Distbib. Persia, Dahuria, North Asia, Europe, North
America.

Fruit subquadrate, backs of the carpels rounded, furrows between them broad
but shallow.

4. HI. spicatum, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 68; spikes always terminal,
bracts oblong entire shorter than the expanded petals, fruit £ in. ovoid, backs of
the carpels broad flattened furrows very narrow soon becoming deep, carpels
more or less tubercled on the back. Engl. Bot. t. 83 ; Gaertn. Fruct. t. 68 ;
Fl. Dan. iv. t. 681 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 755.

Kashmib, alt. 5000 ft. descending to 1000 ft. along the northern boundary of the
Punjab ; frequent. Ktjmaon, alt. 5000 ft. — Distbib. Cabul, cold and temperate
Northern Hemisphere.

Fruit ovoid, seen from above appears round, the valleys between the carpels being
too narrow to be noticed till closely examined. The fruit of the Indian examples is
rather larger than that of the European, the backs of the carpels being very flat
somewhat corky and thickened ; called M. spicatum Linn. var. muricatum by Maxi-
mowicz (Diagn. PL xv. 183) who quotes correctly Griff". No. 2442 (Kew Distrib.).

5. TC. intermedium, DC. Prodr. iii. 69 ; fruit axillary, floral leaves £-1
in. long alternate solitary or 2-3-nate linear and entire to lanceolate and incise-
serrate, fruit very small hardly -^ in. long but less broad, carpels rounded and
most minutely scabrous on their backs, furrows shallow. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
i. pt. i. 634. M. indicum, Wight III. t. 102, the plant only, not the fruit. M.
variaefolium, Hook. Ic. PL t. 289. M. lineare, Heyne in Herb. Rottl. Halo-
ragis oligantha, W. 8c A. Prodr. 338 ; Wight Ic. 1061 not of Am.

Nilghibi Mts., alt. 7000 ft. ; Hohenacker No. 1563, Gardner, Schmidt, Wight.
Cuttalam, Deccan Peninsula, Bottler. Mayaburam, Sir T, Adam. — Distrib. Malaya,
Australia, New Zealand, South America.

VOL. n. FP

434 lvi. haloragej:. (0. B. Clarke.) [Myriophyllum.

Leaves in the Indian examples sometimes whorled, more commonly in tufts of 1-3,
each tuft placed irregularly round the stem. The Australian M varitsfolium has the
leaves usually whorled ; but the whorls get broken and the Australian examples be-
come thus exactly like the Indian ; the fruit is altogether the same. — The correct
name of this plant i& open to much question. De Candolle's is the oldest, but the
accompanying description was drawn up to fit Hottonia sessiliflora, Vahl Symb. ii.
36 which probably was something altogether xlifferent ; then a Myriopkyllum is dis-
covered in India which De Candolle's description very fairly fits, and Hohenacker
and others apply it to the Candollean name.

5. CALLITBICHE, Linn.

Glabrous slender annual herbs growing in moist places, or their branches
floating or submerged. Leaves opposite, linear- or obovate-spathulate, entire, the
upper ones often rosulate. Floivers minute, axillary, unisexual, usually monoecious,
solitary, or sometimes one male and one female in the same axil simulating a
hermaphrodite flower ; achlamydeous ; bracteoles white, membranous, linear-
oblong, very caducous. Male : stamen 1. Female : ovary 4-ridged 4-celled ;
styles 2, elongate, stigmatose their whole length ; ovules solitary in each cell,
pendulous. Fruit coriaceous, indehiscent, 4-seeded, the 4 carpels at length
separating. — Distrib. Species 1 or 2 found almost all over the globe ; but some
authors allow 10 or 20 species.

[The distribution of such critical species as these Callitriches cannot be safely
stated; there are examples collected in Sikkim, alt. 8000-9000 ft., by Sir J. D.
Hooker which are probably C. verna (and not C. stagnalis), but they show no fruit.]

1. C. stagnalis, Scop. Fl. Carniol. ii. 251 ; leaves obovate-spathulate,
styles subpersistent, fruit suborbicular the edges acute keeled but hardly winged.
Koch Syn. Fl. Germ. 212 ; Heqelm. Monogr. Callitrich. 58. O. Wightiana,
Wall. Cat. 7008 ; W. § A. Prodr. 339 ; Wight Ic. 1947 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
i. pt. i. 635.

Indian mountains from the Himalaya, alt. 5000-10,000 ft., to the Deccan, alt.
7000 ft. Ceylon, alt. 5000 ft., Thwaites.— Distrib. Europe. North Asia, Tropical
Africa, Malaya, Australia and New Zealand.

2. C. verna, Linn. ; Koch Syn. Fl. Germ. 212 ; leaves oblong-spathulate,
fruit longer than broad the edges not keeled. Hegelm. Monogr. Callitrich. 55.

Temperate Western Himalaya, alt. 5000-8000 ft., Edgeworth; Kashmir,
alt. 7000 ft., C. B. Clarke. — Distrib. Europe. Cold and temperate Asia and North
America.

Order LVII. RHIZOPHOREffi. (By the Kev. G. Henslow, F.L.S.)

Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, stipulate (except Anisophyllea), usually
coriaceous, glabrous ; stipules interpetiolar, very caducous. Flowers axillary,
usually bisexual, surrounded at the base with connate or cupuliform bracts or
ebracteate. Calyx more or less adnate to the ovary (except Blepharistemma) ;
limb produced beyond the ovary, 4-14-lobed ; lobes valvate, persistent. Petals
equal in number to the sepals, entire emarginate 2-fid or lacerate. Stamens
usually twice the number of petals, in pairs opposite to and embraced by them,
rarely indefinite (Kandelid) ; anthers 2-celled, rarely multi-locellate (Bhizophora) .
Ovary from 5- to 1-celled by solution of the septa ; styles connate (except in

Ehizophora.'] lvii. rhizophorejj. (G. Hensldw.) 435

Anisophyllea) ; ovules usually 2 in each cell, pendulous. Fruit coriaceous,
mostly indehiscent, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed pendulous, arillate or not ; albumen
fleshy or 0 ; embryo inverted, small if surrounded by albumen, elongated if
exalbuminous ; radicle macropodous in the tribe Rhizophorece, perforating the
apex of the pericarp and germinating while the fruit still adheres to the tree. —
Distrib. Tropical plants ; many sharing with an arboreal vegetation the muddy
shores of the estuaries of rivers. Genera 17, species about 50.

Tribe I. Rhizoplioreae. Leaves opposite, stipulate. Ovary inferior ;
style single. Embryo exalbuminous, macropodous, germinating while the fruit
is still on the tree.

Petals 4, entire. Stamens 8. Ovary 2-celled 1. Khizophora.

Petals 5-6, emarginate. Stamens 10-12. Ovary 3-celled . 2. Ceriops.

Petals 5-6, lacerate. Stamens oo . Ovary 1-celled ... 3. Kandelia.

Petals 8-1 4, 2-fid. Stamens 16-28. Ovary 2-4-celled . . 4. Bruguiera.

Tribe II. Legnotideao. Leaves opposite, stipulate. Ovary half-infe-
rior or superior but adnate to the base of the calyx ; style single. Embryo im-
mersed in fleshy albumen.

Calyx-tube minutely braeteolate, half-superior, lobes erect . 5. Carallia.
Calyx-tube ebracteolate, half-superior, lobes reflexed . . . 6. Peixacalyx.
Calyx-tube ebracteolate, adnate to the base of the ovary ; cells

of the ovary 4-ovuled 7. Gynotroches.

Calyx-tube with connate bracteoles, adnate to the base of the

ovary, lobes patent ; cells of the ovary 2-ovuled .... 8. Weihea.
Calyx-tube ebracteolate, adnate to the base of the ovary, lobes

erect 9. Bijepharistemma.

Tribe III. Anisophylleae. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. Ovary infe-
rior ; styles 4. Embryo exalbuminous.

Characters of the tribe 10. Anisophyllea.

1. BKIZOPKORA, Linn.

Trees. Branches marked by leaf-scars. Leaves ovate or elliptic, mucronate.
Flowe?-s rather large, on axillary 2-3-chotomously divided and few-flowered
cymes. Calyx 4-lobed, surrounded at the base by connate bracteoles. Petals
4, entire, inserted on a fleshy disk. Anthers subsessile, multi-locellate. Ovary
2-celled, half-inferior, projecting beyond the calyx as a fleshy cone ; cells 2-
ovuled ; stigma bifid. Fruit coriaceous, ovoid or obconic, crowned with the
reflexed limb of the calyx. Radicle elongated, clavate, perforating the apex of
the fruit and descending from the tree into the mud. — Distrib. About 5 spe-
cies : frequent on pauddy tropical shores.

1. It. mucronata, Lam. Diet. iv. 169 ; III. t. 396, f. 2 ; peduncles arising
from the axils of leaves of the same year longer than the petioles about 3-
flowered, flowers pedicellate. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. t. xiii. fig. 4 ; Dalz.
# Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 95; Wight III i. 209; Ic. t. 238; Kurz For.. Ft. Brit.
Burm. i. 447. R. macrorrhiza, Griff, in Trans. Med. Phys. Soc. Calc. viii. 2.
R. candelaria, W. $ A. Prodr. i. 310 ; Wall. Cat. 4876. ' R. Mangle, Linn. ;
Moxb. Fl. lnd. ii. 459.— Rheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 34.

FF 2

436 lvii. rhizophorE53. (G. Henslow.) [Rhizophora,

Tidal shores from the mouths of the Indus to Malacca and Ceylon. — Distrib.
Tropical shores of Asia, Africa and Australia.

A large shrub or tree, evergreen. Leaves 3-7 by l£-4 in., narrowed at the base.
Flowers more or less drooping. Calyx-lobes triangular, narrowing upwards. Petal*
villous, shorter than the calyx-limb, subconnivent, coriaceous ; margins involute. — A
variety in Malacca, E. stylosa, Griff, (sp.) Notul. iv. 666; and Ic. PI. Asiat. t.
640, differs according to Griffith from, R. conjugata in its smaller stature, length of
style, smaller radicle, more villouspetals and more elongated base of the flowers, but
the description shows a~cloeeF" agreement with R. mucronata than with R. con-
jvgata.

2. R. conjugata, Linn.; DC. Prodr. iii. 33; peduncles arising from
the axils of (fallen) leaves of the previous year snorter than the petioles
mostly 2-flowered, flowers sessile. R. candelaria, DC. 1. c. 32. R. apiculata,
Blume Flor. Jav. i. 91, and Mus. Bot. 134; Wight III. i. 209, t. 3 ; Kurz For.
Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 447.

Tidal marshes from the mouths of the Indus to Malacca and Ceylon. — Distrib.
Tropical shores of Asia and Africa.

Shrubby or arborescent. Leaves 4-8 by l-3£ in., usually more lanceolate than in
the preceding species and subacuminate. Calyx-lobes ovate. Petals glabrous, linear,,
flat, submembranous. Stamens 11-12.

2. CERIOPS, Am.

Trees. Leaves ovate or obovate. Peduncles axillary with subcapitate flowers.
Calyx 5-6-merous, surrounded at the base with connate bracts. Petals 5-6, in-
serted at the base of a 10-12-lobed fleshy disk, emarginate, appendiculate ;
lobes of the petals with clavate or capitate bristles. Stamens 10-12, filaments
inserted between the lobes of the disk slender; anthers 2-celled. Ovary 3-
celled (at least above), cells 2-oVuled; style short, stigma simple. Fruit
coriaceous, ovoid, surrounded by ,the reflexed limb of the calyx, 1-celled,
1-seeded. Germination as in Rhizophora. — Disteib. Species 2 or 3, natives of
the tropical shores of the Old World.

1. C. Candolleana, Am. in Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 363; calyx 5-cleft,
lobes linear acute, petals 5 glabrous emarginate tip with 3-4 capitate bristles.
Blume Mus. Bot. 142; Wight III. i. 209; Ic. t. 240; Bedd. Flor.. Sylv. Anal.
Gen. t. xiii. fig. 5 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 590 ; Brandis For. Fl. 218 ; Kurz,
For. Fl. Brit. Bu?vn. i. 448. R. timorensis, DC. Prodr. iii.' 32.

Tidal forests, &c, from the mouths of the Indus to Malacca and Ceylon. — Distrib.
of the genus.

A small shrub or small tree. Leaves 2-3 by 1-2 in., obovate, very obtuse,
cuneate or attenuate at the base. Flowers in rather loose cymes or subcapitate.
Stamens 10, alternately shorter. Ovary half-inferior, 3-celled. Fruit small, club-
shaped or suboTate, surrounded near the base by the reflexed segments of the calyx.

2. C. Roxburg-hiana, Am. in Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 363; calyx 5-6-cleft,
lobes subovate subobtuse, petals concave glabrous below setoso-ciliate above
towards the apex. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat,, i. 591 ; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burm.
i. 448. Rhizophora decandra, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 36 ; Wall. Cat. 4875.

Tidal forests from the Sunderbunds to Malacca. — Distrib. of the genus.

A dwarf tree or shrub. Leaves 1-4 by § to 2 in., narrowed at the base, very ob-
tuse, reddish brown beneath, glabrous. Inflorescence of small axillary cymes or
glomerules. Peduncle very short. Stamens 10-12.

Kandelia.] . lvii. rhizophore^. (G. Henslow.), 437

3. KANDELIA, Wight 8f Am.

A small tree. Leaves oblong, obtuse. Peduncles axillary, dichotomously
branched, few-flowered. Flowers rather large, white. Calyx 5-6-merous, sur-
rounded at the base by connate bracteoles, adnate to the base of the ovary ;
lobes linear, valvate. Petals 2-fid ; lobes multifid, segments capillary. Stamens
indefinite, filaments slender exserted. Ovary 1-celled, prolonged above the
calyx into a fleshy cone ; stigma 3-lobed ; ovules 6, fixed in pairs to a central
•column. Fruit ovoid, girt by the reflexed limb of the calyx, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
Radicle fusiform, very acuminate. Germination as in Rhizophora.

1. K. Rheedii, W. $ A. Prodr. i. 310 ; Am. in Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 365 ;
Blume Mus. Rot. 135 ; Wight III. i. t. 89 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 362 ; Wall. Cat.
4876 ; Redd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. 100, pi. xiii. fig. 6 ; Kurz For. Fl. Brit.
Rurm. i. 449. Rhizopora Oandel, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 32. — Rheede Hort.
Mai. vi. t. 35.

Sunderbtjnds and tidal shores of both Peninsulas and Ceylon. — Distbib. Malay
Islands.

A small evergreen tree. Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in., narrowed at the base, quite entire,
dark green above, reddish brown beneath, glabrous. Peduncles about 1^ in., erect,
twice branched dichotomously. Fruit 1 in. long, conic-ovoid.

4. BRUGUIERA, Lam.

Trees. Leaves usually coriaceous, oblong, quite entire. Peduncles axillary,
recurved, 1-qo -flowered. Floivers rather large, coriaceous. Calyx 8-14-merous,
obconical or campanulate, ebracteate, adnate to the base of the ovary ; lobes
subulate-lanceolate, valvate. Petals oblong, 2-lobed, appendiculate, embracing the
stamens which spring elastically from them when mature. Stamens 16-28,
filaments filiform ; anthers linear, mucronate, about as long as the filaments.
Ovary 2-4-celled, included in the calyx-tube ; cells 2-ovuled ; style filiform,
stigma 2-4-lobed minute. Fruit turbinate, coriaceous, crowned with the calyx-
limb, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Germination as in Rhizophora. — Distrib. Species
about 8 in the tropics of the Old World.

1. B. g-ymnorhiza, Lamk. III. t. 397; peduncles 1-flowered, calyx
about 12-cleft, lobes linear acuminate erect about f in. in length equalling
the tube in fruit, petals densely hairy at the base nearly glabrous above 2-lobed
with 2-4 bristles on each lobe and 1 in the notch, ovary 3-4-celled. W. fy A.
Prodr. 311 ; Rrand. For. Fl. 219 ; Miq. Fl. Ind,. Rat. i. 586 ; Blume Mus. Rot.
136 ; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Rurm. i. 450. B. Rheedii, Miq. 1. c. 587 ; Rlume,
1. c. 136 ; Redd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. PI. xix. fig. 1 ; Wight Ic. t. 239 ; Balz. $
Gibs. Romb. Fl. 95 : Hook. Ic. PI. t. 397. Rhizophora gymnorrhiza, Roxb. Fl.
Ind. ii. 460 ; Griff. Ic. PL Asiat. t. 645.

Littoral and especially estuarian forests of India from the mouths of the Indus
to Malacca and Ceylon. — Distbib. Tropical Asia, Australia, Africa and the Pacific.

A large evergreen tree. Leaves slightly acuminate, 3-6 by 1^-2^ in. ; stipules
oblong, very deciduous. Peduncles cernuous, shorter than the petioles. Flowers
about 1 in. diam. Calyx-tube almost campanulate, limb 10-14-cleft. Petals 10-14.
Radicle fusiform with about 6 prominent angles, apex obtuse. — A variety {B. Wighiii,
Bl. sp.) growing at the mouth of the Ganges and Indian Archipelago only differs ap-
parently from the preceding by the entire margins of the petals being more or less
ihairy.

438 LVir. rhizophorej]. (G. Henslow.) [Bruguiera.

2. B. eriopetala, W. 8f A. in Wight III. i. p. 210; Ic. t. 239 B. ; ped-
uncles 1-flowered, calyx usually about 10-cleft, lobes linear acuminate about
1 in. exceeding the ribbed tube in fruit, petals with margins densely hirsute
with silvery hairs from base to apex lobes somewhat obtuse, one seta on each
lobe and one longer in the notch, ovary 3-4-celled. Wall. Cat. 2451 ; Brands
For. Fl. 219. B. Rumphii, Blume Mus. Bot. 138. B. parietosa, Griff. Notul.
iv. 670 ; Ic. PL Asiat. t. 641.

Malabar; at Quilon, Wight. Malayan Peninsula, Griffith. — Distrib. Malay
Archipelago, China.

A tree. Leaves ovate or oblong, acuminate at both ends. Calyx-lobes from 9-14,
somewhat triquetrous, suberect in fruit. Anthers linear.

3. B. caryophylloides, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 141 ; peduncles about
3-flowered, calyx about 8-cleft, lobes linear subacute about \ in. reflexed and
half the length of the tube in fruit, petals ciliate from base to apex nearly erect
bifid bearing 3-4 bristles and 1 in the notch, ovary 2-celled. Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. 589 ; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 450. Rhizophora caryophylloides.
Jack Mai. Misc. i. 34; Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 80; Wall. Cat. 4879; DC. Prodr.
iii. 32, 8; Am. in Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 368 ; Wight III. t. 210. R. cylindrica,
Linn. sp. 635. Kanilia caryophylloides, Blume Mus. Bot. 141. — Rheede Hoi-t.
Mai. vi. t. 33.

Tidal forests of India, from Malabar to Malacca and Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay
Archipelago.

A small tree. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, scarcely
coriaceous. Peduncles shorter or nearly equalling the petioles, 1-5- usually 3-
flowered ; buds subacute, pedicelled. Calyx-tube obtuse at the base, not ribbed. Fruit
about £ in., urceolate, slightly constricted below the calyx-limb. Radicle subclavate,
subacute.

4. B. malabarica, Am. in Wight HI. i. 210 ; peduncles about 3-flowered,
calyx about 8-cleft, lobes subobtuse reflexed about | in. and half the length of
the tube in fruit, ovary 2-celled. Rhizophora cylindrica, Linn, sp. 635 in part.
—Rheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 33.

Malabar Coast ; Rheede, Wight.

A tree. Leaves herbaceous. Peduncles equalling the petioles, 3-flowered. Buds
obtuse, sessile. Fruit about ^ in. long, campanulate, not or scarcely constricted below
the calyx-limb. Radicle as in the last species but apparently much softer than that of
any other. — This may prove to be a variety or subspecies of B. caryophylloides.

5. B. parviflora, W. 8? A. Prodr. i. 311 ; peduncles many-flowered,
calyx about 8-cleft, lobes lanceolate about ~ in. long erect much shorter than
the tube in fruit, petals with 5 bristles, ovary 3-celled, fruit subcylindric about
1 in. long, radicle subcvlindric slender truncated, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 588 ;
Wight III. i. 210; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 101; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 449.
Rhizophora parviflora, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 641 ; Wall. Cat. 4877. R. cylindrica,
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 36 ; Wall. Cat. 4877. Kanilia parviflora, Blume Mus. Bot..
140 1. 30; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 95.

Littoral forests, from the Sunderbunds to Malacca. — Distrib. Malayan Archi-
pelago.

A shrub or small tree. Leaves oblong or broadly lanceolate. Peduncles once or
twice trichotomous. Calyx-tube tapering at the base, ribbed; lobes very short and.
rigid.

Qarallia.'] lyii. rhizophorej:. (G. Henslow.) 439

5. CARALLIA, Roxb.

Trees and shrubs. Leaves petiolate, ovate or elliptic. Peduncles short, rather
thick. Floioers small, in short 3-chotomous axillary branching cymes, sessile
and often crowded. Calyx-tube minutely bracteate at the base ; limb 5-8-lobed,
campanulate ; lobes erect, short, valvate. Petals 5-8, inserted on the margin of
a crenulated disk lining the calyx-tube, clawed, orbicular, 2-fid or entire, sub-
serrate or lacerate at the apex. Disk epigynous, 10-16-lobed. Stamens in-
serted with the petals, filaments filiform ; anthers small, oblong. Style subulate
or filiform. F?-uit small, globose, coriaceous, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed globose-
reniform ; testa fibrous ; embryo curved. — Disteib. Species about 7, natives of
the Indian Ocean.

1. C. integ-errima, DC. Prodr. iii. 33 ; leaves quite entire or rarely
serrulate towards the apex obovate elliptic or oblong, flowers usually 8-merous

' cymoso-capitate, petals not embracing the filaments. Wight HI. t. 90 ; Benih.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 67 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. cxciii. ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl.
95 ; Brand. For. Fl. 219. 0. cevlanica, corymbosa and sinensis, Am. in Tayl.
Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 371. 0. lucida, Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 451 ; Wall.
Cat. 4880 ; Wight 1c. t. 605. 0. timorensis, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 128 (ex char.).
0. octopetala, F. Muell. PI. Aust. Trop. Occid. 0. symmetrica, Blume Mus.
Bot. i. 130. Pootia cereopsifolia, Miq. PI. Hoehst.

Forests of the outer 'Sikkim Himalaya, Bengal, Assam, Silhet, Btjbmah, both
Peninsulas and Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay Archipelago, China, Australia.

An evergreen tree with very lucid foliage. Flowers small, white. Berry globose,
size of a peppercorn, usually 1-seeded. — The leaves vary excessively. The Cingalese spe-
cimens are often all obovate and very obtuse; in some Chinese and Philippine Islands
ones they are narrow-oblong and acuminate, in the majority from the greater part of
the area, viz., Ceylon and the Indian Peninsulas, China, the Indian Archipelago and
N. W. Australia, they are elliptic-ovate. Bentham (Journ. Linn. Soc. 1. c.) has shown
good cause for setting aside ^Roxburgh's specific name of C. lucida.

2. C. lance ae folia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 481 ; leaves elliptic or oblong regu-
larly serrulate, flowers 6 -8-merous subcapitate, petals embracing the filaments.
Wight Ic. iii. t. 604 ; Kurz For. Fl. Brit Burm. i. 437 ; Wight Ic. t. 604.
0. confinis, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 129. 0. lucida, Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. t. 211 ; Wight
Ic. iii. t. 605. 0. lanceolaria, Wall. Cat. 4881.

Tropical forests of Tenasserim, Kurz. — Distrib. Sumatra.

Cymes less crowded than in the last species. Petals reniform, crenulate. Fruit
larger than the preceding, turbinato-globose, 2-3-seeded.

3. C. calycina, Thwaites Enum. 121 ; leaves ovate or elliptical quite
entire, peduncles rather long dichotomous, cymes slightly branching above the
middle.

Ceylon, Singh Eajah forest, between Galle and Eatnapoora, at no great elevation,
Thwaites.

A great tree. Leaves l£-3 by 1-lf in., ovate, shortly acuminate, narrowed at the
base, punctate beneath ; petiole ~-\ in. ; stipules about f in. very deciduous. Brac-
teoles rounded, retuse, often mucronate, about ~ in. Flowers subsessile, £ in. diam.
Calyx-lobes 4, equalling the tube. Petals broadly cordate, clawed, margin inciso-
sinuate. Ovary 4-celled ; stigma crenate.

Var. fi. Thwaites 1. c. ; leaves shorter more rounded and coriaceous. Central Pro-
vince, alt. 4-5000 ft., Thwaites.

440 lvii. rhizophorejE. (G. Henslow.) [Pdlacalyx.

6. FELLA CALYX, Korth.

A small tree, ferruginously pubescent. Leaves oblong, minutely serrulate or
entire, subscabrous above, rufescent with stellate pubescence beneath. Flowers
subsolitary or in dichotomously branched glomerules. Calyx ebracteolate ; limb
6-8-fid, recurved, campanulate above the ovary. Petals 2-6, tips lacerate. Sta-
mens 10-12, inserted with the petals on the margin of a crenukted disk lining
the calyx-tube, filaments short subulate ; anthers small. Ovary with the ovu-
liferous part inferior, 5-10-celled ; style subulate, stigma discoid, 5-10-lobed ;
pvules many in each cell, fascicled, pendulous from the axis. Fruit pisiform or
turbinate, black, fleshy, 5-10-celled, many-seeded. Seeds ovoid, testa striated ;
embryo becoming green, straight, in the axis of the albumen; cotyledons
scarcely broader than the terete elongated radicle.

1. P. axillaris, Korth in Van der Hoev. et de Tries Tijdschr. iii. 20,
t. 2 ; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 75 ; Griff. Notul. iv. 429 ; Ic. PL Asiat.
t. 486 (Cunoniacese). .

Penang and Malacca, Griffith.

Leaves 5-8 by l£-3 in., shortly acuminate. Flowers small, shortly pedicelled,
erect. Calyx-tube £ in. long, densely ferruginously pubescent.

7. GYNOTROCHE3, Blume*

Small trees and shrubs. Leaves oblong ; stipules deciduous. Floiuers small,
axillary, fascicled ; peduncles jointed in the middle. Calyx ebracteolate, 4-5-
partite ; segments valvate, reflexed. Petals 4-5, inserted below the margin of an
8-10-lobed perigynous disk, clawed, spathulate, fimbriate-lacerate. Stamens
8-10, inserted in the disk, filaments filiform ; anthers small. Ovary superior,
adhering by a broad base to the calyx, ovoid-globose, 3-6-angled, 3-6-celled ;
style columnar, fun-owed, conical at the base ; stigma 3-6-lobed, lobes emargi-
nate recurved ; ovules 4 in each cell, ascending, fascicled. Berry globose, 4-6-
celled, many-seeded. Seeds small, obovoid, testa crustaceous wrinkled, albumen
fleshy •, embryo terete. — Distrib. Species 2, natives of the Malay Islands.

1. G-. axillaris, Mia. Ft. Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 592; Blume Mus. Bot. i.
127, t. xxxi. ; Kurz. For. Ft. Brit. Burm. \. 451. G. Dryptopetalum, Blume
I. c. G. reticulata, A. Gray, Bot. Amer. Explor. JSxped. vol. i. 607, ex descr.
Dryptopetalum coriaceum, Am. in Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 372, Microtropis cori-
acea, Wall. Cat. n. 4338.

Sincapore and Penang, Anderson, Wallich. Malacca, Griffith. Moulmein,
Lobb. — Distbib. Malay Archipelago.

Leaves 2-5 in., oblong or elliptic, acuminate, coriaceous. Flowers small, numerous,
axillary, subdicecious : male with petals and perfect stamens ; ovary often empty ;
stigma not dilated : female or hermaphrodite flowers with longer pedicels ; petals and
stamens often smaller, the latter sometimes effete ; stigma radially lobed. Fruit
baccate, ^_i. in. diam.

8. WEIHEA, Sprang.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves oblong, quite entire or obtusely serrate ; stipules
interpetiolar, oblong, deciduous. Floivers in axillary 1- or more flowered pedV
uncles. Calyx with connate bracts ; limb 4-5-fid, patent. Petals inserted
under the margin of an obscure disk, clawed, spathulate,' fimbriate-lacerate,

Weihea.'] lvii. rhizophoke^. (G. Henslow.) 441

longer than the sepals. Stamens 16-30, inserted on the margin of the disk ;
filaments filiform ; anthers oblong. Ovary superior, 3-5-furrowed, 2-4-celled ;
style filiform, stigma with 2-4 radiating lobes ; ovules 2 in each cell, collateral,
pendulous. Fruit globose, fleshy, 2-4-celled, septicidally but slowly dehiscing
into 2-4 valves ; cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds arillate, ovoid, subtrigonal, testa cori-
aceous ; embryo straight, cotyledons elliptical, radicle terete. — Disteib. Species
5, natives of S. and Trop. Africa, Madagascar and Ceylon.

1. W. ceylanica, Baill. Adans. iii. 38. Anstrutheria zeylanica, Gard.
in Cole. Journ. Nat. Hist. vi. 344, t. 4 ; Thwaites Enum. 121 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
t. exciv.

Maisob and Carnatic, Wight, &c. Ceylon, Galle District, Trincomalee, &c, at
no great elevation.

A very much branched shrub or small tree. Branches terete. Leaves 3-3£ by
l£ in., petioled, glabrous, acuminate, rounded at the base, green and shining above,
pale beneath, nerves reticulate prominent on both surfaces ; petiole about ^ in. Pe-
duncles solitary or in pairs, shorter than the petioles. Flower-buds of full size six
months before opening. Calyx-limb 4-fid ; segments ovate, acute, persistent, densely
covered with adpressed hairs, valvate. Petals 4, hypogynous, cuneate, imbricated in
bud. Stamens about 30, hypogynous ; anthers erect, cordate, obtuse. Ovary supe-
rior, 3-celled ; style simple, persistent. Berry thick, spongy. Embryo in the axis of
fleshy albumen ; cotyledons flat, veined ; radicle thick, elongated and directed upwards.

9. BLEFKARISTEIVIIVIA, Wall.

A shrub ? Leaves opposite, petioled, membranous, elliptic-oblong, acuminate,
crenately-toothed ; stipules small, caducous. Flowers in 2-3-chotomous many-
flowered axillary cymes, polygamo-dicecious. Calyx-tube ovoid, ebracteolate ;
lobes 4, minute, triangular, erect. Petals 4, twice the length of the calyx, in-
serted round a disk at the base of the calyx-tube, clawed ; tips lacerate. Disk
free ; of the male, 8-toothed ; of the female often cleft. Stamens 8, inserted
upon the margin of the disk ; in the female small, filaments ciliated ; anthers
small, oblong. Ovary obtusely subtrigonal, contracted at the base, ovoid, free,
3-celled ; cells 2-ovuled ; style of the female flower longer than the calyx,
stigma obsoletely 3-lobed. Fruit unknown.

1. B. corymbosum, Wall. Cat. 6320 ; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii.
78 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. PI. xiv. fig. 2. Dryptopetalum raembranaceum,
Miq. in PI. Hohenack. n. 713.

Western Peninsula, Heyne, &©.

Glabrous, excepting the inflorescence and buds. Leaves l|-2£ in. ; stipules lan-
ceolate, membranous, pubescent. Calyx minutely roughened above. Stamens ciliated
like the claws of the petals. Bisk almost entirely free from the calyx. Ovary nar-
row, empty ; style short. Petals in the female flowers, shorter. Stamens less ; anthers
small, effete ? Bisk smaller. Style longer than the calyx.

10. ANISOPHYLLEA, Br.

Trees and shrubs, glabrous, young parts silky. Leaves exstipulate, dis-
tichous ; alternate ones smaller or minute, and often stipuliform or 0 ?, oblique,
ovate lanceolate or elliptic, with 3-5 main nerves branching from the base,
quite entire. Floivers minute in axillary simple or fascicled spikes, ebracteate or
minutely bracteolate bi- or unisexual. Cidyx-tube ovoid, adnate to the ovary,
terete or ribbed ; limb 4-fid, lobes erect. Petals 4, small, involute, entire, lobed
or lacerate. Sta?nens 8, filaments short, subulate ; anthers small, didymous, pro-

442 lvit. rhizophoreji. (G. Henslow.) [Anisophyllea.

bably abortive in the females. Ovary inferior, 4-celled ; styles 3-4, subulate,,
erect or recurved, stigmas acute or subcapitate ; ovules solitary in each cell,
pendulous, anatropous. Fruit coriaceous, oblong or pyriform, ribbed or smooth,
1-seeded. Seed pendulous, exalbuminous, testa coriaceous ; embryo clavate, co-
tyledons very small or 0, radicle large. — Distrib. Species 5, natives of Tropical
Asia and Africa.

1. A. zeylanica, Benth. in Niger Flora 342 and 375; leaves broadly
ovate^lanceolate acuminate narrowed at the base with about five prominent
nerves parting from the base, inflorescence of racemes supra-axillary solitary or
geminate. Thwaites Enum. 119 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 195. Tetracrypta cinna-
momoides, Gardn. fy Champ, in Hook. Kew Journ. i. 314 and v. 378, t. 5.

Ceylon; southern and central parts ascending to 1500 ft.

A tree 40-50 ft. ; bark smooth ; lower branches horizontal, upper suberect ; twigs
puberulous. Leaves glabrous on both surfaces, younger red ; pairs opposite in verna-
tion, the smaller squamiform 1 -nerved caducous, the larger 5 -nerved with involute
margins. Flowers small, subsessile. Bracts minute. Calyx-limb superior, 4-cleft;
lobes acute, valvate, persistent. Petals somewhat fleshy, laciniate, induplicate in
aestivation ; segments 5, linear-subulate. Stamens 8, alternately shorter ; filaments
subulate, inserted on the calyx ; anthers versatile. Styles 4, erect, conico-subulate,
stigmas capitate.

2. A. distich a, Hook, in Herb.; leaves rhomboid-oblong inequilateral
5-nerved distichous entire, flowers subsolitary, petals 3-toothed. Haloragis
disticha, Ja,ck. in Mai. Misc. ii. 19 ; and in Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 371.

Malay Peninsula; Jack. Singapore. — Distrib. Sumatra

A shrub with rusty hairy branches. Leaves in two series, one of large leaves and
another of very small stipuliform ones inserted below the insertion of the larger so
as to overlap their bases ; the larger 1-1£ in., subsessile, nearly glabrous above, be-
neath with short appressed hairs, the smaller \ in., similar in shape but more acute.
Calyx-lobes persistent. Petals shorter than calyx, 3-fid. Stamens as long as the pe-
tals ; anthers 2-celled. Ovary 4-gonous, ferruginous, 4-celled ; styles 4, equalling the
stamens ; stigmas simple. Drupe oblong-ovate, red ; stone with 8 longitudinal fur-
rows, 1-seeded.

3. A. Griffith!!, Oliver in Trans. Zinji. Soc. xxiii. 460, t. 48 ; leaves
lanceolate or ovate often slightly acuminate, spikes solitary or geminate.

Malacca, Griffith.

Probably a tree. Leaves 3-4 by 1-11 in., petiole ^-£in., coriaceous, turning yel-
low on drying; nerves 3, 1 central, 2 closely parallel to the margin. Flowers sessile,
somewhat remote. Calyx-lobes coriaceous, triangular, valvate. Petals shorter than
the sepals, coriaceous, broadly quadrate-oblong, entire or scarcely 3-lobed. Stamens
8, 4 opposite to and closely embraced by the petals, filaments rather stout ; anthers
small, rounded or didymous. Ovary 4-celled below ; styles 4.

4. A. grandifolia, G. Henslow; leaves oblong acuminate scarcely nar-
rowed at the base 5-nerved quite entire, panicles axillary with subfasciate
branches.

Penang, Maingay.

A tree about 50 ft., trunk very stout. Leaves large, 3^-1 0£ in., coriaceous. In-
florescence of several somewhat flattened or fasciate branches, forming an irregular-
panicle ; pedicels bearing numerous minute sessile male flowers with a few female
possessing rudimentary ? stamens ; male buds ^ in. in diam., female rather larger.
Mate Fl. Sepals 4, valvate, puberulous ; lobes triangular. Petals 4, fringed. Sta-
mens 8, opposite to and embraced by the petals ; filaments short. Pistil rudimentary ;

Anisophyllea.'] lvii. rhizophorej:. (G. Henslow.) 443

styles 4 ?, minute, densely hairy. Female Fl. Calyx-limb partially lined with a disk,
lobes each bearing a minute rudimentary stamen ; anthers dehiscing in bud ? Styles
4, spreading, subulate, densely hairy. Drupe narrowly pyriform, 3 by 1£ in.

Order LVIII. COMBUST A CEiE. (By 0. B. Clarke, F.L.S.)

Trees, or shrubs often climbers. Leaves alternate subopposite or opposite,
sometimes ternate, petioled, entire, simple (in llligera 3-foliolate) ; stipules 0.
Flowers bracteolate at base, in the tribe Gyrocarpece cymose ; in the Combretece
spicate or racemose (the racemes often panicled) ; not rarely polygamo-nioncecious.
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary and produced above it (sometimes to a great
length), the limb of 4-5 (rarely 4—7) valvate lobes. Petals 4-5 or 0 (rarely
6-7). Stamens 4r-5 or 8-10 on the calyx ; in the Gyroearpece the filaments
have staminodes attached at the base, and the anthers dehisce by recurved
lateral valves. Ovary altogether inferior 1-celled ; style simple, stigma simple
or in llligera sinuate almost lobed ; ovules 1-7 (usually 2-3) pendulous from
the apex of the cell. Fruit coriaceous or drupaceous, generally indehiscent,
ovate, angular or very commonly winged ; in Calycopteris and Gyrocarpus
crowned by the greatly enlarged calyx. Seed 1, without albumen ; cotyledons
in Terminalia and others convolute ; in Combretum and others plano-convex. —
Distrib. Species 240, in the tropics of the whole world ; and in S. Africa out-
side the tropic.

Suborder I. Combreteae. Calyx-lobes valvate. Stamens without glands
or staminodes at their base ; anthers dehiscing by a longitudinal slit. Ovules 2-7,
suspended by long funicles. Flowers racemose or spicate.

* Petals 0. Calyx-limb (except in Calycopteris) deciduous.

Flowers spiked or racemed. Calyx-limb deciduous 1. Terminalia.

Calyx-limb much accrescent on the fruit 2. Calycopteris.

Flowers capitate. Calyx-limb deciduous 3. Anogeissus.

** Petals 5-4 (except in Combretum apetalum).

f Calyx limb persistent.

Leaves alternate. Growing with the Mangroves 4. Ldmnitzera.

ft Calyx-limb deciduous.

Calyx-tube above the ovary less than |- in. long 5. Combretum.

Calyx-tube above the ovary more than \ in. long 6. Quisqualis.

Suborder II. G-yrocarpeae. Calyx-lobes valvate or imbricate. Stamens
with glands or staminodes at their base ; anthers opening by recurved lateral
valves. Ovule 1, suspended by a short funicle. Flowei's cymose.

Scandent. Leaves 3-foliolate . 7. Illigera.

Erect tree. Leaves entire or lobed 8. Gyrocarpus.

1. TERMINALIA, Linn.

Large trees. Leaves alternate or subopposite, exstipulate, entire or slightly
crenulate, often with glands on the petiole or near the base of the midrib beneath.
Flowers small spicate, the racemes spikes sometimes panicled, hermaphrodite
or the upper flowers on the racemes males ; a narrow bract at the base of each

444 lviii. combretace.e. (C. B. Clarke.) [Terminalia.

flower, soon deciduous. Calyx-tube produced above the ovary with a cam-
panulate mouth, limb of 5 short valvate triangular lobes, deciduous. Petals 0.
Stamens 10 inserted on the calyx-tube ; epigynous disc within them densely
hairy. Ovary 1-celled, inferior ; style long, simple ; ovules 2 or 3, pendulous
from the summit of the cell. Fruit ovoid, very various in size, smooth or
angular or winged with 2-5 wings, indehiscent, coriaceous. Seed solitary, ex-
albuminous, cotyledons convolute. — Distrib. Species 80 : in the tropics of
the whole world, less numerous in America.

T. angustifolia, Jacq. Hort. Vindob. t. 100 not of Roxb. ; leaves attenuated at
both ends lanceolate, with two glands at the apex of the petiole, fruit narrowly
2-winged. Willd. Sp. PL iv. 970; DC. Prodr. iii. 11; W. $ A. Prodr. 312; Miq.
FL Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 599. T. Benzoin, Linn. ; Spreng. Syst. ii. 358 ; Lamk. Diet. i.
349 ; Wall. Cat. 3976. Catappa Benzoin, Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 127, is included in the
Peninsula Flora of W. & A., but there is nothing to show that it has ever been found
wild in the Deccan. — Distrib. Central Malayan Islands.

Sect. I. Catappa (including Myrobalanus). Fruit not winged, ovoid
or subcompressed, sometimes showing (especially when dry) two or five obscure
lines or ridges.

1. T. Catappa, Linn. ; Willd. Sp. PL iv. 967; leaves alternate clustered
towards the ends of the branches very short-petioled obovate from a cordate
but very narrow base, spikes solitary axillary simple, fruit 1-1| in. ellipsoid
slightly compressed so as to show two ridges. Roxb. Hort. Benq. 33 and FL
Ind. ii. 430 ; Lamk. III. t. 848 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 11 ; Wall. Cat. *3975 ;" W. $
A. Prodr. 313 ; Wight Ic. 172 ; Bou Mag. 3004 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
599 ; Bedd. Fl. Syl'v. t. 18 ; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma, i. 454. T. Catappa
and Badamia, Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. iv. vol. vi. 92. T. moluccana, Lamk.
Diet. i. 349, not of Roxb. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 11 ; Willd. Sp. PL iv. 96 ex-
cluding the synonym T. eglandulosa, Roxb. T. Myrobalana, Roth. Nov. Sp. 378.
T. subcordata, Willd. Sp'. PI. iv. 968. T. intermedia, Spreng. Syst. ii. 359. Jug-
lans Catappa, Lour. Fl. Cochinc. 703. Catappa domestica, htorea and sylvestris,

Rumph. Hei'b. Amboin. i. t. 68. Badamia Commersoni, Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 97.

Rheede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 3, 4.

Wild in the lowlands of Malaya, and perhaps of the Transgangetic Peninsula ;
largely planted in all India from the North- West Provinces to Ceylon and Burma,
mostly at 0-1000 ft. alt. — Distrib. Planted in nearly all tropical countries.

Attains 80 ft., with branches in horizontal whorls. Leaves 6-8 in., deciduous in
the cold season, usually softly hairy when young, when adult hairy or glabrous,
with two glandular depressions near the base of the midrib on the under side which are
often obscure or wanting ; petiole £-| in. Spikes (and innovations) grey or rusty
tomentose or pilose, the upper flowers male, the lower hermaphrodite, the bracts mi-
nute. Calyx-teeth, glabrous or nearly so within and without. Young ovary glabrous
or hairy. Fruit finally glabrous. — This species may generally be recognised by the
short petiole and the very narrow but cordate base of the leaf.

2. T. procera, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33 and FL Ind. ii. 249 ; leaves alter-
nate clustered towards the ends of the branches obovate attenuated into a very
short petiole, spikes solitary axillary simple, fruit ellipsoid obscurely 5-sided,
not in the least compressed. Wall, Cat. 3974 ; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma, i.
454. Terminalia sp. nov. No. 168, Kurz. in Journ. As. Soc. 1876, pt. ii. 130.

Andamans ; Roxburgh, Kurz. Nicobars ; Kurz.

Attains 100 ft. with branches in horizontal whorls. Leaves 6-12 in., with two
glandular depressions near the base of the midrib on the under side which are often

Terminalia.~\ lviii. combretace^. (C. B. Clarke.) 445

obscure or wanting, glabrous when adult ; petiole £ in. Upper flowers of the spikes
male, lower hermaphrodite. Fruit l-l£ in. — Much resembles T. Catappa.

3. T. foetidissima, Griff. Notvl. iv. 685 ; leaves alternate clustered
towards the ends of the branches, obovate attenuated into the petiole, spikes
solitary axillary simple, fruit 1£ in. obovate ellipsoid subacute, compressed with
one face convex the other flat.

Meegui and Malacca ; Griffith. Malacca, Maingay No. 644, 643£. .

Leaves 6 in., glaucescent reticulate beneath, coriaceous with cartilaginous margin,
without glands ; petiole 1 in. Flowers all or very nearly all hermaphrodite. Young
ovary and bracts very hairy. Calyx-teeth, glabrous or nearly so within and without.

Eeduced by Mr. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877 pt. ii. 53, 54, to T. belericd ; from
which it differs so greatly in leaves and fruit that it raises a suspicion whether Mr.
Kurz had the true plant of Griffith before him.

4. T. belerica, Roxb. Char. Reform. ; leaves alternate clustered towards
the ends of the branches broadly elliptic narrowed equally at both ends, petiole
very long, spikes solitary axillary simple, fruit £-f in. diam. globular suddenly
narrowed into a short stalk smooth covered by a close fulvous tomentum, when
dried obscurely 5-angled.

Throughout India ; common in the plains and lower hills, extending to Ceyxon
and Malacca ; not in the desert region of the West of India. — Disteib. Malaya.

Attains 60-80 ft. Leaves 3-6 in., deciduous in the cold season, when mature
glabrous and generally punctate on the upper surface ; the punctations being much
more permanent than in the other species (whence Koth's name); petiole l-l£ in.
Bracteoles minute. Upper flowers of the spikes male, lower hermaphrodite. Young
ovary always tomentose. Calyx-teeth pubescent within and without. T. moluccana,
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 601 differs from belerica by its short petioles ; the de-
scription appears compounded out of two plants.

Vab. 1. typica ; no glands at the apex of the petiole. T. belerica, Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
t. 19 ; T. eglandulosa, Roxb. Herb, (wrongly referred in Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 968) ;
T. moluccana, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33. Fl. Ind. ii. 432 ; T. belerica, W. $ A. Prodr.
313 excl. syn. Wall. Cat. 3968; Wight Ic. t. 91 ; Thwaites Enum. 103; Balz. $
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 91 ; Brand. For. Fl. 222 ; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 455 ; Rheede
Hort. Mai. iv. t. 10. T. Gella, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. iii. 227. T. punctata,
Roth Nov. Sp. 381 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 13. Myrobalanus belerica, Gaertn. Fruct. ii.
t. 97.

Vab. 2. belerica, Koxb. Hort. Beng. 33, Cor. PL t. 198, Fl. Ind. ii. 431 ; two
glands at the apex of the petiole beneath the leaf. DC. Prodr. iii. 12; Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. pt. i. 600. — Circar Mts., Roxb. ; also Malaya, if T. microcarpa, Decne. Herb.
Timor. 129 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 602 ; Benth. Fl. Austral, ii. 502 be referred
here : the examples in the Kew Herbarium exactly agree but do not show the fruit.

It is remarkable that not one specimen of this typical belerica Eoxb. exists at
1 Kew; and that both W. & A. (Prodr. 313) and Brandis (Forest Fl. 222) expressly
state that they have never been able to discover a single example. The distinction
between it and Eoxburgh's eglandulosa {'moluccana, "Willd. in Fl. Ind.) is indeed
trivial ; but the absence of the glands seems without exception in the Indian so-called
belerica ; while Eoxburgh founded his belerica on the single character that it had
two glands, thereby differing from his T. eglandulosa, which he subsequently renamed
T. moluccana, Willd., a species made up of two trees.

Vae. 3. laurinoides, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 600 ; leaves obovate or obovate-
elliptic shortly acuminate much thinner than in the typical belerica. Mergui ;
Griffith. Ceylon; Thwaites, Gardner, Col. Walker.— Disteib. Java, Malaya. T.
nitens Presl. Epimel. 214 is very near but has long subpersistent bracteoles.

T. bialata is much mixed (in absence of fruit) with T. belerica, but may generally
be distinguished by the absence of punctations on the leaves.

446 lviii. combketace.2E. (C. B. Clarke.) [Terminalia.

5. T. Chebula, Retz Obs. v. 31 ; leaves not clustered often subopposite
ovate or elliptic usually acute not acuminate and rounded at the base, spikes
terminal often panicled, fruit f-l£ in. ellipsoidal or obovoid from a broad base,
glabrous more or less 5-ribbed when dry. Roxb. Hort. Berig. 33, Cor. PI. t.
197, Fl. Ind. ii. 433 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 12 ; Wall. Cat. 3967 : TV. $ A. Prodr.
313 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 601 ; Dah Sf Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 91 ; Bedd. Fl.
Sylv. t. 27 ; Brand. For. Fl. 223 and t. 29 ; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 456.
T. reticulata, Roth. Nov. Sp. 381 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 13. T. Aruta, Ham. in G.
Don Gen. Syst. ii. 659. Myrobalanus Chebula, Gaertn. Fruct. ii. t. 97. Em-
bryogonia arborea, Teys. fy Binn. No.. 2160 in Hort. Bog.

Abundant in Northern India from Kumaon to Bengal, and southward to the
Deccan table lands at 1000-3000 ft. alt., and Ceylon, Burma and the Malay
Peninsula. — Distbib. Siam, Malaya.

Attains 80-100 ft. Leaves 4-5 in., deciduous in the cold season, more or less
hairy when young ; petiole about 1 in. often with two glands near its summit. Ra-
cemes terminal. Bracteoles conspicuous in the young spikes, exceeding the flowers
pubescent, but soon deciduous. Flowers all hermaphrodite. Calyx-teeth, hairy
within.

Vab. 1, typica ; adult leaves nearly glabrous beneath or the interstices of the
ultimate nerves with minute sunk white tomentum, young ovary shaggy without, calyx-
teeth without glabrous. — Deccan, Ceylon, and Burma and Malay Peninsula.

Var. 2 (T. citrina of authors partly) differs from var. 1 only in having the
young ovary quite glabrous ; it has the ovate fruit and round-based leaves of T.
Chebula. Common in Northern India from Kumaon to Bengal, and in Chota
Nagpore.

Var. 3 ; adult leaves very shaggy beneath, fruit much smaller, often only f in.
Gnarled small trees on the summit of Parasnath in Behar alt. 4000 ft. : but pass by
degrees into var. 2 the common form at the base of Parasnath.

Var. 4, tomentella, Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 455 (sp.) ; leaves when young
densely coppery-pubescent beneath, when adult pubescent or glabrous beneath, young
ovary glabrous, fruit ovoid hardly 1 in. Pegu, up to 2000 ft. alt. ; Kurz. — This is
reckoned, perhaps rightly, a species by Kurz, but the leaves are less hairy, the fruits
less reduced in size than those of the preceding var.

Var. 5, gangetica ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33 and Fl. Ind. ii. 437 (sp.) ; adult leaves
with brown-red silky hairs on both surfaces. Wall. Cat. 3967 E. ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
i. pt. i. 602. Banks of the Ganges ; Roxburgh. North-west India, cult. Edgeworth.
Very unlike the typical Chebula by the brown silky hair which covers the twigs
leaves and whole inflorescence. It may be a good species but the fruit is similar to
that of Chebula. — Eoxburgh remarks that this tree ripens its fruit on the banks of
the Ganges, a remark he would hardly have made had he thought the tree indigenous.
It is therefore likely that T. gangetica, Roxb. does not grow wild within the limits of
the Indian Flora.

Var 6, parviflora, Thwaiies Enum. 103 (sp.) ; calyx-teeth pubescent without.
T. zeylanica Heurck $ Muell. Arg. Obs. Bot. 220. Ceylon ; Thwaites. — The flowers
are not smaller nor the fruits more acutely ribbed than in some examples of T.
Chebula.

6. T. citrina, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33, Fl. Ind. ii. 435; leaves sub-
opposite elliptic or oblong acuminate narrowed into the petiole, spikes terminal
and lateral often panicled, fruit nearly 2 in. oblong-lanceolar, while fresh ob-
scurely ,5-angular. Wall. Cat. 3970; DC. Prodr. ii. 12 : Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i.
pt. i. 602. Myrobalanus citrina, Gaert. Fruct. ii. t. 97 ;' W. $ A. Prodr. 313 ;
Brand. For. Fl. 223.

Assam, East Bengal, Burma and Tenassebim ; frequent. Malacca at Mount
Ophir.

Terminalia.~\ lviii. combretace^. (0. B. Clarke.) 447

Attains 80 ft. Leaves 3-6 in., when adult glabrous shining, the interstices of the
nerves beneath with sunk close white tomentum ; petiole £ in. usually with two glands
at the top or on the base of the leaf beneath. Bracteoles linear, conspicuous on the
young spikes. Flowers all hermaphrodite. Calyx-teeth, glabrous without, hairy
within. Young ovary glabrous. — The examples from other parts of India than the
East referred to T. citrina by collectors are in the present enumeration supposed
included under T. Chebida. T. citrina has a straighter stem, a brighter foliage and
narrower fruits, but ought perhaps hardly to be reckoned a distinct species.

Var. 2. malayana, Kurz. in Journ. As. Soc. 1876, part ii. 130; petioles longer,
fruits smaller. Nicobars ; Kurz. Maingay sends a similar form from Malacca
No. 643.

Sect. II. Fentaptera. Fruit with 5 acute subequal wings. Spikes
usually panicled.

7. T. Arjuna, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 28; leaves subopposite oblong or
elliptic nearly glabrous beneath when adult, spikes usually panicled, fruits
1-2 in. nearly glabrous ovoid- or obovoid-oblong, the wings not very broad their
striations curving much upwards. Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 91 ; Brand. For.
Fl. 224. T. Berryi, W. <£ A. Prodr. 314 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. .92. T.
glabra, W. §A. Prodr. 314; Thwaites Enum. 104; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl.
91. T. ovalifolia, Rottl. in ^Herb. Pentaptera Arjuna, Roxb. Sort. Beng. 34
and Fl. Ind. ii. 438 ; Wall. Cat. 3981; DC. Prodr. iii. 14, Mem. Combr. t. 2.
Pentaptera glabra, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 34 and Fl. Ind. ii. 440 ; Wall. Cat. 3979.
P. angustifolia, Roxb. Hurt. Beng. 34 and Fl. Ind. ii. 437.

Deccan, Ceylon and the sub-Himalayan tracts of the North West Provinces.
Very common.

Attains 60-80 ft. Leaves usually 4-6 in. (sometimes 10 in.), suddenly narrowed
at the base, often cordate, obtuse or very shortly acute at the apex ; petiole rSrely
more than A in., often very short, with two glands near its apex. Bracteoles very
small. Calyx-teeth nearly glabrous both within and without. Young ovary very-
short, covered with crisped brown or rufous hair. Wings of the fruit usually trun-
cate or suddenly narrowed at the top. — Dr. Brandis states that T. Arjuna is common
in Bengal ; it is unknown in east and central Bengal but abounds in Southern Behar,
Chota Nagpore and on the Sone — i. e. along the whole northern face of the Deccan
table-land.

Var. 2. angustifolia (i. e. Pentaptera Roxb. and not Terminalia angustifolia Roxb.).
Leaves narrow elongate-oblong suddenly narrowed into the petiole. Southern Penin-
sula and Concan. Wall. Cat. 3971.

8. T. tomentosa, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 17 ; leaves subopposite or upper-
most alternate elliptic or ovate glabrous or very hairy beneath when adult,
spikes panicled, fruit 1-2 in. glabrous or hoary obovoid-oblong, wings broad
striations carried horizontally to the edge. Brand. For. Fl. 225.

Deccan, Ceylon, and the sub-Himalayan tracts of the North West Provinces,
Nipal, and Sikkim, ascending to 4000 ft. ; very common. Burma ; Brandis, Kurz.

Attains 80-100 ft. Leaves 4-8 in., petiole h in. Flowers often attacked by a Cynips
producing numerous galls which simulate fruit. Bracteoles very small. Calyx-teeth.
without tomentose villous or glabrescent.

Var. 1. typica ; leaves cordate or suddenly narrowed into the petiole, adult more
or less hairy beneath often very hairy, petiole with two glands near the base of the
leaf, young ovary villous, fruit glabrous. T. tomentosa, W. 4" A. Prodr. 314; Wight
Ic. t. 195. T. glabra, var. tomentosa, Palz. §• Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 91 ? T. alata, Roth
Fov. Sp. 379 ; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 458. T. ovata, Herb. Rottler. T.
Chebula, Retz )8. minor Huerck Sf Muell. Arg. Obs. Bot. 219. Pentaptera tomentosa,
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 34, Fl. Ind. ii. 440; DC. Prodr. iii. 14, Mem. Combr. t. 1; Wall.
Cdtf.3978. — Common throughout India.

448 lviii. combretace^:. (C. B. Clarke.) [Terminalia*

Vab. 2. crenulata ; leaves narrowed into the petiole often obovate-elliptic adult
nearly glabrous beneath, young ovary glabrous. T. crenulata, Roth Nov. Sp. 380 -r
W. $ A. Prodr. 314. Pentaptera crenulata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 34, Fl. Ind. ii. 438 ;
DC. Prodr. iii. 15 ; Wall. Cat. 3978. P. macrocarpa, Wall. Cat. 3982.— Deccan and
the sub-Himalaya ; common. Burma ; Kurz. Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 458
states T. crenulata, Both, to be T. Arjuna of Beddome and Brandis. But both-
Beddome and Brandis haATe stated that T. crenulata W. <$■ A. is a variety included
under their T. tomentosa. Kurz has not communicated any example of his T. crenu-
lata, nor in his description does he notice the character of the venation of the fruit
by which Dr. Brandis has separated T. Arjuna and T. tomentosa. The synonym
T. crenulata Kurz remains therefore doubtful. Perhaps as Mr. Thwaites hints TV
Arjuna (T. glabra, Enum. 104) and T. tomentosa should be made one species.

Vab. 3. coriacea ; leaves as in T. tomentosa typica but beneath with a close hard
fulvous tomentum rather than villous, fruit pubescent with minute fulvous hairs.
T. coriacea, W. Sf A. Prodr. 315. Pentaptera coriacea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 34, Fl.Ind.
ii. 438. — Mountains of the Coromandel Coast; Roxburgh. Deccan; Herb. Rottler*
Malabar Hills ; Dr. Ritchie.

Sect. III. Chuncoa. Fruit with three very unequal wings, rarely more
than \ in., often much smaller.

9. T. paniculata, Roth Nov. Sp. 383 ; leaves oblong or elliptic acute-
adult nearly glabrous, panicles compound, fruit brown-red villous with one
very broad and two narrow wings. W. 8f A. Prodr. 315 ; Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 92 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 20 ; Brand. For. Fl. 226. T. monoptera, i?o^ Nov.
Sp. 382. T. trioptera, Heyne in Herb. JRottl. Pentaptera paniculata, Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 34, Fl. Ind. ii. 442 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 14 ; Wall. Cat. 3980. Hiptage
sp., Wall. Cat. 9029.

Malabar ; lower hills from Bombay to Cochin ; common : Nilghibi and Kubg
mountains.

A large tree, the innovations rusty-tomentose. Leaves 4-7 in., lower subopposite,
upper alternate, base cordate, two glands generally present near the base of the mid-
rib beneath ; petiole |— § in. Spikes very dense, bracteoles and young ovaries villous.
Fruit about £ in. long, with one wing £ in. broad, the other two wings hardly
£ in. broad.

10. T. pyrifolia, Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 457; leaves crowded
towards the ends of the branches oblong- or broadly-lanceolate glabrous,
spikes simple, fruit indistinctly brown velvety with two broad wings and one
very narrow one. Pentaptera pyrifolia, Presl Epimel. Bot. 215.

Pegu to Tenassebim, frequent ; Kurz, Heifer (ex Presl). Pbome ; Maclelland.

Attains 80 ft. ; glabrous except the innovations and spikes. Leaves 2-4 in., co-
riaceous, narrowed into the petiole ; petiole f-l£ in., without glands. Calyx densely
tawny or brown-pubescent. Fruit £-f in. long, the two lateral wings about £--§ in.
broad, chartaceous, rounded and striated. — Mr. Kurz cites as a doubtful synonym
T. javanica, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 602 ; the example of which at Kew agrees,
but has no fruit.

11. T. myriocarpa, Heurck fy Muell. Arg. Obs. Bot. 215 ; leaves ob-
long or elliptic acute, adult nearly glabrous, petiole very short, spikes panicled,
fruit yellow shining with two very broad wings and one narrow one. Kurz
For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 457. Pentaptera Saja, Wall. Cat. 3983.

Subtropical valleys in Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 1000-3000 ft., abundant. Assam
Hiixs ; Simons, Griffith. — Distbib. Ava, Bhamo.

Attains 80-100 ft., the innovations pubescent-tomentose. Leaves 4-8 in., base
obtuse, nerves numerous and very parallel, upper subopposite ; petiole about \ in.,,

Terminalia.'] lviii. combketace2E. (C. B. Clarke.) 449

usually with two glands at its apex. Spikes dense, bracteoles and young ovaries
villose. Epigynous disc with very little or no hair. Fruits ^-fg in. long, exceedingly
numerous, minutely villous, broad wings each £ in. wide puberulous, the third acute
hardly winged. — The top of the tree in flower appears pink, the middle white, from
the panicles changing colour.

Sect. IV. Fruit large, 1-1£ in., with two very broad wings. (Really allied
to Sect. Catappa).

12. T. bialata, Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 456 ; leaves clustered
near the ends of the branches obovate narrowed into a very long petiole, spikes
axillary simple elongate, fruit 2-3£ in. wide rusty tomentose. Pentaptera
bialata, Roxb. Sort. Beng. 34 ; Fl Ind. ii. 441 ; Wall Cat. 3986.

Burma and the Andamans; Maclelland, Kurz.

Attains 80-100 ft. Leaves 5 in., glabrous when adult; petiole 2£-3£ in. Spikes
very long, the upper flowers male, the lower hermaphrodite. Young ovary and calyx
brown-pubescent or tomentose. Calyx-teeth hairy within. Fruit l^-lf in. long.

Var. cuneifolia, Wall. Cat. 3972 ; leaves lanceolate rather than obovate, fruit
less than 1 in. long and nearly glabrous. — Prome ; Wallich. Tenasserim and Anda-
mans ; Heifer No. 2182 Kew Distrib.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

T. MortrccANA, Wall. Cat. 3969 consists of leaves generally resembling those of T.
procera, and a detached fruit which also resembles that of T. procera. But the petioles
have a thickening simulating an articulation, and M. Planchon has suggested (by a
note on the specimen) that the leaves are those of an Elaocarpus.

T. angustifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33 and Fl. Ind. ii. 437 ; a large tree, tender
parts hairy, leaves narrow-lanceolate acuminate glandular on the margin at the base,
fruit scarcely distinguishable from that of T. Chebula, young leaves with much ferru-
ginous hair. T. travancorensis, W. $ A. Prodr. 314. Tinnevelly and Travancore,
Roxburgh. — No example known and not seen by anyone except Koxburgh ; if it be
not a variety merely of T. Chebula.

T. bengalensis, Roxb. in DC. Prodr. iii. 12 ; leaves alternate obovate obtuse entire
glabrous on both surfaces and the petioles without glands. In Bengal. — This species
is not known by any authentic specimen and is insufficiently described : it is
improbable that it is distinct from all the other known species.

2. CALYCOPTEBIS, Lamk.

A diffuse shrub with drooping branches. Leaves opposite, shortly petioled,
elliptic or ovate, acuminate, entire. Racemes dense, axillary, and crowded
towards the ends of the branches so as to form large panicles. Flowers small,
greenish, each with a lanceolate bract. Calyx-tube 5-striate, produced above
the ovary ; limb 5-fid, persistent and much enlarged in fruit. Petals 0. Sta-
mens 10, the five upper ones between the calyx-teeth, the five others alternate
with them and lower down on the calyx-tube. Ovary 1-celled, inferior ; style
subulate, simple ; ovules 3, pendulous from the top of the cell. Fruit narrow
ovoid, 5-ribbed, villous, 1-seeded, surmounted by the enlarged calyx. Cotyle-
dons convolute.

1. C. floribunda, Lamk. Diet. Supp. ii. 41 and III. t. 357 ; Brand. For.
Fl 220. 0. nutans, Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 468. Getonia floribunda,
Roxb. Cor. PI t. 87 and Fl. Ind. ii. 428 ; Roth Nov. Sp. 216 ; DC. Prodr. iii.
15; Dalz 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl 91; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 605; W. $ A.
Prodr. 315 ; Wall Cat. 4013. G. nutans, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33 and Fl Ind.

vol. n. Q Q

450 lviii. combretacejs. (C. B. Clarke.) [Calycopteris.

ii. 428 5 Wall. Cat. 4012 ; Miq. 1. c. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 15. Getonia nitida, Roth
Nov. Sp. 217. Cornbretuin sericeuni, Wall, in Herb. Calc.

On hot hills, alt. 500-2500 ft., abundant throughout the Deccan and from Assam
to Sincapore.

A dense shrub 6-12 ft. high, often gregarious, diffuse -with drooping branches, not
at all scandent, generally rusty Tillous ; in the variety nitida of Eoth the upper sur-
face of the leaves is glabrous shining. Leaves 2-5 in., not narrowed into the petiole
which is \-$ in. Panicles often large and then more or less nodding. Flowers very
like those of Terminalia and hardly larger. Base of stamens and style pilose or gla-
brous. Calyx-lobes in fruit \-\ in. long, broad-lanceolate, becoming more or less
papery, sometimes transparent showing conspicuously the veins. Fruit itself less than
I in. long. Kurz, in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 59, divides this shrub into two
species, viz. : —

1. C. nutans; leaves pubescent rarely almost glabrous, longer stamens £-§ as long
as the calyx-lobes.

2. C. jloribunda ; leaves glabrous, longer stamens as long as the long bluntish
calyx-lobes.

3. ANOGEZSSUS, Wall.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or falsely opposite, petioled, entire.
Flowers in dense globose heads, on axillary peduncles much shorter than the
leaves. Calyx-tube long attenuated above the ovary, subpersistent ; limb small
with 5 lobes, deciduous. Petals 0. Stamens 10 in two series. Ovary inferior,
1-celled ; style filiform, simple ; ovules 2 pendulous from the top of the cell.
Fruits small, coriaceous, compressed 2-winged, packed horizontally into dense
heads. Seed 1 ; cotyledons convolute. — Distkib. Species 5 : of which one is
Tropical African, the other four Indian.

1. A. latifolia, Wall. ; JBedd. Fl. Sylv. 1. 15 ; leaves broad elliptic obtuse
at both ends, peduncles 1 or more from the same axil often branched, bracteoles
inconspicuous, ripe fruits shining glabrous the beak as long as the nucleus or
longer. Wall. Cat. 4015; Brand. For. FL 227. Conocarpus latifolia, DC.
Prodr. iii. 17 ; Roxb. Sort. Peng. 34 and Fl. Ind. ii. 442 ; Royle El. t. 45 ;
W. $ A. Prodr. 316 ; Wight Ic. t. 994 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Pomb. Fl. 91 ; Miq. Fl.
Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 605. Andersonia altissima, Herb. Madr.

From the Himalaya to Ceylon ; very common, ascending to 3000 ft. Not in the
Transgangetic Peninsula.

Attains 80 ft., but usually occurs as a small tree ; leafless during most of the hot
season. Leaves sometimes 5 in. with a petiole £ in., usually much smaller, sometimes
acute, never acuminate. Innovations and peduncles more or less rusty-pubescent.
Fruit sometimes § in. (excluding the beak) by \ in. including the wings, usually
smaller, more or less rusty-pubescent when young.

Vab. glabra ; leaves glabrous beneath.

Vah. villosa ; leaves small densely rusty villose on both surfaces. Mysore, C. B.
Clarke.

"Vab. parvifolia ; leaves small {\ in.) silky pubescent. Central Provinces. Brandis
For. Fl. 228.

2. A. acuminata, Wall. ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 16; leaves elliptic or ob-
long acute at both ends villous or pubescent beneath, peduncles solitary (rarely
clustered) very rarely divided, ripe fruits shining glabrous. Wall. Cat. 4014 ;
Brand. For. Fl. 228; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 466. A. hirta, Wall.
Cat. 4016. Conocarpus acuminata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 34 and Fl. Ind. ii. 443 ;
W. $ A. Prodr. 316 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 17 and Mem. Combr. t. 3 ; Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. pt. i. 605.

Anogeissus.~] lviii. combretaceji. (C. B. Clarke.) 451

Vab 1. typica ; leaves usually broad-lanceolate fulvous beneath, peduncles with
obovate bracts often leaflike large, fruit very broadly winged (twice as broad as high)
with a deflexed pubescent beak much longer than the nucleus. Andersonia acuminata,
Herb. Rottl.

The northern edge of the Deccan ascending to 3000 ft. BrNDELKUND, Edgeworth.
Mountains above the Circars; Roxburgh. Godaveey forests; Brandis. North-
west India, Bogle.

A tree, sometimes attaining 60 ft. ; . trunk rarely straight, when young armed
with long spines (Kurz). Leaves commonly 2^ by 1 in., upper becoming smaller,
often obovate, passing into bracts ; petiole less than £ in. Peduncles and neck of
ovary rusty-tomentose.

Var. 2. lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 4014 F; leaves usually narrow-lanceolate grey
beneath, bracteoles on the peduncles small linear very deciduous, fruit winged sub-
quadrate with an erect beak shorter than the nucleus. Andersonia lanceolata, Herb.
Bottl.

Pegu, Tenasserim and Kookie-land.

An erect elegant tree 60-100 ft. high. Leaves commonly 2 by \ in., upper long-
lanceolate ; petiole scarcely any. Peduncles and neck of ovary with dense rusty
spreading hairs. Fruits sometimes \ in. broad.

3. A. phillyreaefolia, Heurck fy Muell. Arg. Obs. Bot. 209 ; leaves nar-
rowly lanceolate narrowed upwards obtuse, peduncles short rarely divided,
heads and fruit small, beak about as long as the nucleus. Wall. Cat. 8557.

Prome ; Wallich.

Apparently a shrub or small tree. Leaves l£ in., subsessile, narrowed at base,
glabrous or silky beneath. Peduncles £-§ in., solitary or clustered, rusty-pubescent,
much less shaggy than in A. acuminata var. lanceolata. Fruits about ^ in. broad. —
Kurz, in Journ. As. Soc. 1874, pt. ii. 188, reduces this to A. acuminata; but from the
example he has communicated to Kew it appears that his A. phillyreafolia is not
the plant of Heurck Sf Muell. but A. acuminata var. 2 above. The present species
however may prove only a more extreme form of A. acuminata.

4. A. pendula, Edgiu. Cat. PI. Banda, p. 47; leaves elliptic or obovate
acute or obtuse always narrowed at base, peduncles solitary simple, fruit sub-
quadrate ultimatelv glabrous, beak much less than half the height of the
nucleus. Brand. For. Fl. 229. A. myrtifolia, Wall. Cat. 4017; Boyle III.
p. 209.

Bundelkund ; Edgeworth. North-west India ; Boyle. Common in Kajputana ;
Brandis. Deksa ; Stocks.

A gregarious bush or small tree. Leaves f-1 in., usually glabrous, sometimes
silky beneath. Peduncles sometimes with an elliptic leaflike bract. — A species which
may be distinguished at once by its small leaves.

4. LUBINITZERA, Willd.

Large glabrous shrubs or small trees, growing in tropical salt marshes along-
with Mangroves and closely resembling them in habit. Leaves clustered towards
the ends of the branches, alternate, thickly leathery,* subsessile, narrow-obovate,
entire or scarcely crenate. Floioers in racemes. Calg.v-tube with two adnate
bracteoles near the base, oblong, narrowed at both ends, produced above the ovary;
lobes 5 persistent. Petals 5, oblong. Stamens 10 in two series, or fewer. Ovary
inferior, 1-celled ; style subulate, simple ; ovules 2-5 pendulous from the top of
the cell. Fruit woody, elliptic- oblong, £-1 in. including the calyx-limb, lon-
gitudinally striate or nearly smooth. Seed 1 ; cotyledons convolute. — Distrib.
Species 2 ; on the shores of the tropics of the Old World, and of Polynesia.

g g 2

452 lviii. combretaceje. (C. B. Clarke.) [Lumnitzera.

1. Xc. coccinea, W. 8? A. Prodr. 316; racemes dense terminal some-
times 2 or 3 forming a small corymb, petals scarlet £ in. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i.
pt. i. p. 606. L. littorea, Voigt. ; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma, i. 469. L. pen-
tandra, Griff. Notul. iv. 684, and Ic. PL Asiat. t. 644. Pyrranthus littoreus,
Jack. Mai. Misc. ii. 57; Wall. Cat. 4018.

Meroti; Griffith. Nicobars; Kurz. Malacca; Maingay, Griffith.— Distrib.
Malaya, North Australia, Polynesia.

A small tree 20-40 ft. high. Leaves 2-3£ in. Stamens 5-10, usually 7 ; twice
as long as the petals, filaments crimson.

2. I*, racemosa, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 22 ; racemes axillary some-
what dense in flower 2-4 in. long in fruit, petals white very small. W. fy A.
Prodr. 316 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 606 ; Dalz $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 90 ;
Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. iv. vol. vi. p. 103 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen.
PI. xxi. ; Brand. For. Fl. 221; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 468. Pvrranthus
albus, Wall. Cat. 4019. Petaloma alternifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 372. Bru-
guiera niadagascariensis, DC. Prodr. iii. 23. — Rheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 37.

On the coasts of India, Ceylon and the Transgangetic Peninsula as on the
Andamans and Nicobars (Kurz) ; general. — Distrib. Tropical Africa, Malaya, North
Australia and Polynesia, in the Mangrove swamps.

A small tree 20-40 ft. high. Leaves usually 2-3 in. sometimes only 1 in. Stamens
sometimes 5, sometimes 10 (always 10 Kurz) about as long as the petals, filaments
white. Bacemes in fruit ascending.

5. COIKBRETUM , Linn.

Large shrubs (except C. nanum) with long pendent or scandent branches,,
without spines (except C. spinescens). Leaves entire, petioled, opposite or more
seldom alternate or ternate. Flowers polygamo-dieecious, often in panicled
spikes or racemes ; bracteoles small. Calyx-tube constricted above the ovary,
shortly or long produced, urceolate, funnel-shaped or tubular ; limb 4-5-lobed,
deciduous. Petals as many as the calyx-lobes (0 in C. apetalum) placed on the
calyx-limb. Stamens twice as many as the petals, inserted in two series with
them. Ovary inferior, 1-celled ; style 1, subulate, simple ; ovules 2-5, pendent
from the top of the cell. Fruit with 4-5 wings angles or ridges, dry, generally
indehiscent. Seed 1 ; cotyledons plaited or flat, in a few species convoluted. —
Distrib. Species 120, common in the tropics of America, Africa, and Asia -r
also in South Africa, but not in Australia or Polynesia.

Sect. I. Poivrea. Floivers 5-merous. Fruit 5-winged or 5-ridged.

* Fruit with 5 membranous wings.

1. C decandrum, Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 59 ; leaves oblong suddenly acumi-
nate nearly glabrous on both surfaces when adult, panicles large terminal, young
ovary densely villose, calyx hardly constricted above the ovary urceolate co-
vered with short hairs within and without. Roxb. Hort. Benq. 28 and Fl. Ind.
ii. 232; G. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 437; Wall. Cat. 4009; Brand. For^
Fl. 221 ; Kurz Far. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 460. 0. Roxburghii, Spreng. Syst. ii.
331. Poivrea Roxburghii, DC. Prodr. iii. 18; W. $ A. Prodr. 317. Pen-
taptera Roxburghii, Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. iv. vol. vi. 84.

Bengal, abundant, alt. 0-3000 ft. North Dec can plateau very common, less
common South. North West Provinces nearly to the Punjab. Tenassebim and
the Andamans.

Combretum.'] lviii. combeetace^;. (C. B. Clarke.) 453

An exceedingly large shrub with many branches pendent and subscandent, con-
spicuous in flower by the floral leaves (bracts) becoming cream-white. Leaves oppo-
site, 4-5 in., somewhat hairy when young, when old glabrous or rarely with tufts of
hairs in the axils of the nerves beneath ; petiole £ in. Racemes numerous, very villous,
in large terminal quasi-panicles, the leaves thereon 2-3 in , becoming petaloid at the
time of flowering ; bracteoles linear, £ in., somewhat persistent. Ovary sessile. Calyx
segments lanceolate-subulate, suberect. Petals oblong, glabrous, hardly exceeding the
calyx or twice as long as the calyx (Kurz). Disc covered with short hairs. Fruit
f-1^ in., oblong or elliptic, subquadrate, nearly smooth.

2. C. pilosum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28, Fl. Ind. ii. 231 ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate adult more or less hairy beneath, panicles terminal the racemes
densely fulvous-villous and congested, young ovary fulvous-villous, calyx shortly
constricted above the ovary then funnel-shaped hairv within and without.
G. Don in Tram. Linn. Soc. xv. 434; Wall. Cat. 4005; Kurz For. Fl. Brit.
Burma i. 462. C. lsetum and spinescens, Wall. Cat. 4004, 4006. C. insigne,
Heurck fy Muell. Arg. Obs. Bot. 247 {from description only).

East Bengal ; alt. 0-1000 ft., from Silhet to Mebgui frequent.

A large scandent shrub without thorns, the innovations densely rusty- villous.
Leaves opposite, 4-8 in., usually when adult with some rusty hair at least on the
lower surface (but some of Griffith's specimens are quite glabrous) ; petiole ^-\ in.
Bracteoles \ in., narrow-lanceolate, somewhat persistent. Ovary sessile. Calyx-tube
upwards 5-fluted, the segments triangular acute erect. Petals narrow-obovate, far
exceeding the calyx, with rusty silky hairs on their backs. Disc low in the funnel of
the calyx with short hair. Fruit 1 in., elliptic or circular, usually pubescent, some-
times glabrous.

Var. 2. spinescens ; with stout spines at the base of the branchlets, otherwise
does not differ. Irrawaddy bank; Wall. Cat. 4006. Cachar, Keenan.

Here perhaps belongs the very doubtful species described by Kurz in Forest
Fl. Brit. Burma, i. 462 under the name C. ovale, R. Br., which is said to differ from
C. pilosum by having the innovations puberulous instead of pubescent. The fruit is
unknown. It can hardly be C. ovale, E. Br. which considerably differs as see under
C. aculeatum, Vent, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 423.

3. C. apetalum, Wall. Cat. 3990 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate adult nearly
glabrous, panicles terminal large much divided the ultimate racemes long
slender distant, young ovary densely pubescent almost tomentose, calyx-tube
hardly constricted above the ovary then urceolate pubescent within and with-
out. Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 460. O. virgatum, Wall. Cat. 3992.

Pegu ; Wallich, Maclelland, Kurz. — Distrib. Burma.

A scandent shrub or (ex Kurz) a weak tree 15-20 ft. high. Leaves 1-4 in., sub-
opposite, the petiole ^-\ in., and midrib beneath usually grey puberulous, sometimes
long fulvous hair near the base of the main nerves beneath. Racemes long, undu-
lating, very narrow, the flowers though numerous being very small ; bracteoles £ in.,
linear, exceeding the young ovaries. Ovary sessile. Calyx-teeth, lanceolate, erect.
Petals 0. Disc covered by short hairs. Fruit f in., elliptic, nearly circular, glabrous,
surface between the wings covered with close sessile circular glands.

4. C. pyrifolium, Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 464 ; leaves small ovate
to "broad-oblong and suborbicular glabrous, spikes puberulous in slender axil-
lary or short terminal panicles, fruits 5- or occasionally 4-winged. Pentaptera
pyrifolia, Wall. Cat. 3985.

Pegu; Kurz. — Distrib. Burma.

A scandent shrub, with the habit of Combretum ovalifoliwm, the innovations rusty
puberulous. Leaves 1^-2 in., opposite or alternate, punctate on the upper surface,

454 lviii. COMBRETACE.E. (C. B. Clarke.) [Gomhretum.

petiole ^ in. Fruit ^-f in., glabrous. — Herbarium twigs of this species are much
like whole plants of V. nanum, but the fruits are hardly half as long.

** Fruit with 5 sharp angles.

5. C. trifoliatum, Vent. Choix t. 58; leaves lanceolate or elliptic nar-
rowed at both ends glabrous, spikes lateral and terminal often compound rusty-
villous, calyx-tube hardly constricted above the ovary then urceolate silky.
G. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 439 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 610 ; Kurz.
For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 461. 0. lucidum, Blume Bijd. 641. 0. undulatum
and 0. elegans. Wall. Cat. 3993, 4003. 0. subalternans, Wall. Cat. 4008?
Terminalia lancifolia, Griff. Notul. iv. 685. Embryogonia lucida, Blume Mus.
Bot. ii. t. 52. Oacoucia ? trifoliata, DC. Prodr. ii. 22. C. lucida, Hassk. in
Flora 1844, p. 607.

Transgangetic Peninsula from Pegu to Sincapore, alt. 0-1000 ft., frequent. —
Distrib. Burma, Java.

A scandent shrub. Leaves 2-4^ in., opposite, not seldom ternate, sometimes sub-
alternate, usually shining, the petiole £-§ in. (and sometimes the midrib) pubescent.
Bracteoles linear, small, early deciduous. Ovary sessile. Calyx-teeth lanceolate, erect.
Petals narrow, little exceeding the calyx. Disc and base of the calyx-tube within
covered with long hair. Fruit about l£ in., and half as broad, shining, black.

Sect. II. Tetrag'onocarpus. Floivers 4-merous. Fruit with 4 ob-
tuse or acute ridges, the ridges not expanded, into thin papery wings.

6. C. tetralophum, C. B. Clarke; leaves lanceolate glabrous or nearly
so, racemes in subterminal panicles which are ferruginous and covered with
scales but only slightly villose, calyx-tube constricted above the ovary then
urceolate covered with ferruginous scales, fruit with very acute ridges.

Malacca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2195)=Combretum No. 19 of Eh. f. $ T.
distrib. — Distrib. Siam, Borneo.

A scandent shrub. Leaves 4-5 in., opposite, shining, often with a little rusty hair
along the base of the midrib beneath ; young remotely glandular-punctate ; petiole
£-§ in. Bracteoks ^ in., soon deciduous. Constricted part of the calyx-tube nearly
as long as the young ovary, the teeth triangular erect covered without by close flat
sessile ferruginous glandular scales. Petals narrow, hardly exceeding the calyx-teeth..
Disc and base of the calyx within densely covered by long fulvous hair. Fruit f-1
in. and half as broad, shining, black. — This species in the fruit and leaves so much
resembles C. trifoliatum above that it has been mixed with it as a 4-fid variety : but
the flowers are altogether different, and there is not one 5-angled fruit on any of the
Kew specimens.

7. C. tetrag-onocarpum, Kw-z For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 461 ; leaves
elliptic obtuse coriaceous glabrous, spikes robust fulvous-villous axillary solitary
and in thin terminal panicles, calyx-tube and ovary rusty-villous, fruit with
four thick coriaceous prominent angles.

Swamp forests of Pegu ; frequent, Kurz.

A glabrous large scandent shrub. Leaves 3-5 in., younger remotely glandular-
punctate ; petiole less than \ in. Flowers small. Calyx-tube short ; limb cup-shaped
with 4 short acute teeth, scaly and pubescent without, densely villous within. Petals
minute. Fruit 1 in. and more, glabrous, pale brown, elliptic-ovate, the angles thick
coriaceous sharp prominent and almost winglike, much narrower than the diameter
of the nut.

The example of this species communicated to Kew by Kura exhibits neither
fruit nor flowers ; the character of the species is therefore copied from Mr. Kurz..

Cvmbretum.'] lviii. combretace^:. (C. B. Clarke.) 455

It is evidently allied to C. tetralophum ; the leaves on Mr. Kurz' specimen are
very unlike those of C. tetralophum, but in many Combretums while the typical leaves
are acute lanceolate there may be found on the same shrub lower branches with obtuse
obovate leaves. Kurz however says that the calyx-tube in C. tetragonocarpum is
"short oval," whereas in C. tetralophum it is " elongate nearly filiform," so that the
two species must be distinct. He has placed this species in his section with 10 sta-
mens and 5-merous flowers : this it is presumed is a slip.

8. C. acuminatum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28, Fl. Ind. ii. 228; leaves
opposite ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate adult pubescent or nearly glabrous be-
neath, racemes scarcely divided axillary and also in sparingly leafy terminal
panicles scaly and pubescent, calyx scarcely constricted above the ovary then
campanulate, fruit narrowly oblong with four thick bluntish ridges. Wall. Cat.
3998. 0. costatum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28 and Fl. Ind. ii. 227 ; Kurz For. Fl.
Brit. Burma i. 465. 0. stenopetalum, Jleurck 8? Muell. Arg. Obs. Bot. 225.
0. sarcopterum, Thwaites Enum. 415. 0. neurophyllum ? Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i.
pt. i. 608 ex descript.

Transgangetic Peninsula from Assam to Sincapore, alt. 0-1000 ft., plentiful.
Ceylon; Thwaites, Mrs. Walker. Madras Peninsula? Wight No. 1014 (Wight's
specimen is typical acuminatum but may have come from Ceylon). — Distrib. Malaya
to the Philippines.

A large scandent shrub. Leaves often 6-8 in., cordate or acute at the base, some-
what densely glandular- punctate beneath, the glands often prominent or becoming
scales ; petiole often very short, rarely exceeding f in. Bracteoles minute, soon decidu-
ous. Young ovary and calyx-tube scaly, hardly pubescent. Calyx-limb campanulate,
grooved or fluted (at least in the dried specimens), teeth erect short triangular. Petals
narrow, small. Disc and base of calyx-tube with short hair or nearly glabrous. Fruit
1-2 in. about £ as broad as long, puberulous brown. — In this species, and in some
others, in the hermaphrodite flowers before the calyx expands a very small hole
appears at the top through which the style is long protruded ; subsequently the calyx
opens and the stamens are long extruded.

The examples of C. acuminatum, Roxb. at Kew are abundant, but the name C.
costatum Roxb. does not occur in the Kew Herbarium nor is the fruit described by
Roxb. It is clear that Mr. Kurz understands by C. costatum, Roxb. the plant named
C. acuminatum, Roxb. at Kew. It is almost certain that the two species of Koxburgh
are but one. The two names are of one date, and in this list the name taken up by
"Wallich and subsequent Indian botanists is preferred to the name taken up by Mr.
Kurz, especially as there is no doubt at all what Eoxburgh's C. acuminatum was,
while a doubt may be still raised about his C. costatum.

Sect. III. XSucombretum. Flowers 4-merous. Fruit with 4 papery
wings. Calyx not long-tubular-campanulate above the constricted portion.

t Surface of the fruit between the wings covered densely with lanceolate-linear
scales £-3 in. (bubsection Flagrocarpece).

9. G. flagrocarpum, Herb. Calc. ; leaves opposite elliptic- or ovate-
lanceolate adult pubescent and prominently glandular-punctate beneath, ra-
cemes rusty-pubescent "simple axillary and also crowded towards the ends of
the branches, calyx funnel-shaped above the ovary glandular and somewhat
pubescent without. Pentaptera undulata, Wall. Cat. 3984 {not Combretum
undulatum, Wall.). Combretum sp. No. 20, Herb. HJc.f. $ T. 0. Wallichii,
Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 465 not of DC.

Northern and Eastern Bengal, ascending the hills to 5000 ft. alt. ; very com-
mon, extending to Chittagong. — Distrib. Upper Burma.

456 Lvni. combretace-E. (C. B. Clarke.) [Combretum.

A large scandent shrub. Leaves 4-6 in. (always large and generally more than
2 in. broad), even on the upper surface glandular-punctate and pubescent on the
nerves, only ultimately becoming glabrous ; petiole £-§ in. Bracteoles often \ in.,
linear, subpersistent. Calyx-teeth erect, short, triangular. Petals obovate, much
longer than the calyx. Disc and base of calyx within clothed with short hair. Fruit
l-l£ in. long and as broad, puberulous, brilliantly red or dark brown.

10. C. Wallichii, DC. Prodr. iii. 21 ; leaves opposite elliptic or orbicular
acuminate adult glabrous beneath with tufts of yellow hair in the axils of the
main nerves, racemes rusty-puberulous undivided axillary solitary and approxi-
mated almost panicled in the uppermost axils, calyx shortly constricted above
the ovary then funnel-shaped or subcampanulate puberulous without. Wall.
Cat. 3999.

Nipal; Wallich. Interior of Sikkim, alt. 4000-5000 ft. (Kulhait), C. B. Clarke.

A scandent shrub. Leaves 2-4 in., glandular-punctate on both surfaces ; petiole
\ in. Bracteoles minute, fugacious. Calyx-tube, filled densely with long hairs exsert
from the mouth, teeth short triangular suberect. Petals small, obovate. Fruit f-1
by 1J-1|- in., rich dark -brown, puberulous.. — The tufts of hair are seen in all the
axils of the nerves beneath of C. Wallichii, in none of C. flagrocarpum ; also the
leaves of C. Wallichii are smaller and thinner than those of C. flagrocarpum : the
constricted part of the calyx-tube of C. Wallichii is shorter and the flower within
densely filled with fulvous hair; the bracteoles are different. — As to Combretum
Wallichii, Hassk. in Flora 1844, p. 106, and Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. p. 608, which
these authors suggest to be allied to C. latifolium or C. Wightianum, it can only be
said that as they did not possess the fruit of C Wallichii it is impossible to guess to
what species their remarks refer.

ft Surface of the fruit between the wings glabrous, pubescent, or with sessile
glands, but not with elongate scales.

11. C. squamosum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 231 j leaves opposite lanceolate
to orbicular-elliptic acute adult glabrous, racemes lateral compound and ter-
minal glabrous but covered with round flat glandular scales, calyx-tube shortly
constricted above the ovary then funnel-shaped. Wall. Cat. 3987 ; Miq. Fl.
Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 607. G. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 438 (but flowers not
5-fdj; W. $ A. Prodr. 317 ; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 463. O. lepidotum,
Presl Bemerk. 142 (see Kurz in Flora 1871, p. 289).

Northern and Eastern Bengal near the foot of the mountains from Nipal to
Chittagong and thence to Sincapore ; plentiful. — Distrib. Malaya to the Philip-
pines.

A large scandent shrub. Leaves 4-6 in. from a broad base, prominently covered
with flat circular glandular scales on both surfaces, those on the upper surface some-
times ultimately disappear ; upper leaves usually much smaller and narrower, often
lanceolate. Axillary racemes usually divided, panicled, but on some branches all
undivided ; bracteoles subulate, fugacious. Ca^r-teeth short, triangular. Petals ob-
ovate, small. Disc and base of calyx-tube within clothed with long fulvous hairs
which are not exserted. Fruit £-1^ in., sometimes broader than high or not ; clothed
between the wings with close flat round glands.

Var. aureum, Wall. Cat. 3988. C. malulsea, Wall. Cat. 3991 ; same as the type,
but turns a rich brown in drying.

12. C. quadrang-ulare, Kurz in Journ. As Soc. Beng. 1874, pt. ii.

188 ; leaves subopposite lanceolate or elliptic attenuated into the petiole, racemes
lateral compound and terminal covered with round flat glandular scales, flowers
small, calyx-tube above the ovary campanulate. C. attenuatum, Wall. Cat.

Combretum.~\ lviii. combretacejs. (C. B. Clarke.) 457

Moulmein, Wallich. Tenasserim, Heifer No. 2181, Kew Distrib.

Whole plant covered with sessile flat circular scales, otherwise glabrous or nearly
so. Branchlets quadrangular. Leaves 3-4 by 1| in. Fruit £-f in. — Hardly dis-
tinguishable from C. squamosum Koxb. but by the small flowers and the leaves
attenuated at the base. C. Van Heurckii, Muell. in Heurck fy Muell. Arg. Obs. Bot.
227, may as far as the description goes be this plant but the fruit is not described.
Griffith's No. 725 quoted cannot be found at Kew.

13. C. dasystachyum, Kurz Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1874, pt. ii. 187 ;
leaves opposite and often ternate elliptic- or obovate-oblong acuminate densely
pubescent on the nerves beneath, racemes rarely divided axillary solitary and
subterminal 2-4 together, young ovary (and calyx without) glandular and
minutely pubescent, calyx-tube distinctly constricted above the ovary then
funnel-shaped, fruit large.

Pegu ; Kurz. Chittagong ; Hk. f. $ Th. Assam ; Jenkins. Cachar ; Keenan.

A scandent shrub, the innovations rusty -pubescent or villous. Leaves 5-10 in.,
lower surface puberulo-punctate, upper punctate-scabrous ; petiole £-§ in., densely
villous. Bacemes in flower rusty-villous ; bracteoles £ in., linear. Calyx-teeth tri-
angular, acute, erect. Petals narrow obovate, small. Disc and base of calyx densely
covered with long fulvous hair. Fruit l£ by 1 in., with scattered small round glands,
otherwise glabrous.

14. C. chinense, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28, Fl. Ind. ii. 230, not of G.
Don ; leaves opposite or ternate obovate or lanceolate adult glabrous, racemes
undivided solitary axillary and approximated subterminal, young ovary (and
calyx without) glandular and minutely pubescent, calyx-tube distinctly con-
stricted above the ovary then funnel-shaped, fruit f-1 in. often bright red
when ripe. Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 463. 0. Griffithii, Huerck fy Muell.
Arg. Obs. Bot. 231, Jide Kurz.

Transgangetic Peninsula from Assam to Tenassebim and Penang; alt. 0-1000
ft. frequent. — Distrib. China, according to Roxburgh.

A scandent shrub, nearly glabrous. Leaves 3-5 in., punctulate on both surfaces,
the points often obscure in age ; petiole £- £ in. Calyx-teeth, triangular, erect. Petals
narrow-obovate, small. Disc and base of calyx within densely covered with long
fulvous hair. Fruit about as broad as high, subglabrous. — There is no example of
C. chinense Roxb. at Kew ; Mr. Kurz has applied that name to var. tematum, and
the description fits well.

Var. tematum, Wall. Cat. 4002 (sp.) ; leaves often 3-nate obovate obtuse usually
narrowed into the petiole, uppermost sometimes lanceolate.

Var. 2. Porterianum, Wall. Cat. 4000 (sp.) ; leaves never 3-nate lanceolate or
oblong distinctly acuminate.

15. C. nanum, Ham. in Don Prodr. 219 ; leaves opposite or all alter-
nate from round obovate to lanceolate glabrous, racemes undivided subter-
minal generally few with one greatly elongated, young ovary and calyx without
glabrous sparsely glandular punctulate, calyx-tube constricted above the ovary
then funnel-shaped, fruit 1£ by 1 in. or somewhat smaller puberulous or sub-

flabrous. DC. Prodr. iii. 21 j G. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 429 ; Wall. Cat.
994. Brand. For. Fl. 221.

Himalaya Terai from Sikkim to the Punjab ; Wallich, Royle, Edgeworth, Vicary,
Strachey $ Winterbotlom, J. D. H.

A decumbent low shrub, burnt down annually by the forest fires; branches
6-18 in., glabrous, the racemes minutely pubescent. Leaves typically 4 by 3£ in.,
but often much smaller and narrower, shining, coriaceous, with scattered points on

458 lviii. combretace^. (C. B. Clarke.) [Combretum.

both surfaces ; petiole £-§ in. Raceme often subterminal and solitary, 6-7 in. with a
peduncle 1-2 in. ; bracteoles fg in., linear-spathulate. Calyx-teeth, triangular, erect.
Petals narrow-obovate, far exceeding the sepals. Disc and base of calyx within
covered by long fulvous hairs.

16. C. ovalifolium, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28, Fl. Ind. ii. 256; leaves
opposite ovate to lanceolate glabrous or nearly so, racemes lateral much divided
and terminal, young ovary and calyx without very glandular and slightly pubes-
cent, calyx-tube shortly constricted above the ovary then widely campanulate.
W. § A. Prodr. 317 ; Wight in Hook. Rot. Misc. iii. p. 86 with a figure ;
Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 90. C. Heyneanum, Wall. Cat. 4001. 0. Rox-
burghii and 0. albidum, G. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 429. 0. laxum, Roxb.
Fl. Ind. ii. 230. 0. Wightianum, Thw. Enum. 103 in part. 0. Thwaites-
ianum, Heurck $• Mull. Arg. Obs. Bot. 238.

Throughout the Deccan Peninsula, common ; and in Ceylon.

A large scandent shrub, nearly glabrous. Leaves typically 4^ by 3 in., but often
shorter and much .narrower, shining, quite glabrous or more rarely with some brown
hair about the base of the midrib beneath ; petiole \ in. Bracteoles minute ; buds
subglobose, obtuse. Calyx-teeth, triangular, acute, reflexed. Petals narrowly obovate,
scarcely exceeding the calyx. Disc and base of the calyx within with much long
hair. Fruit f in. long and nearly the same in breadth, dark brown, nearly glabrous.
— Mr. Thwaites has sent to Kew (under number 1601, named C. Wightianum) two
plants, viz., C. ovalifolium Roxb. and C. extensum Roxb. ; upon which Van Heurck
and Mull. Arg. have founded two new species.

Sect. IV. Quisqualoides. Fruit with 4 membranous wings. Calyx
constricted above the ovary and then produced into a cylindrical tube £-4 in.,
terminated by a short campanulate 4-fid limb.

I

17. C. extensum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28, Fl. Ind. ii. 229 ; leaves
opposite ovate or elliptic acute glabrous or nearly so, racemes lateral rarely
divided often elongate and terminal subpaniculate, young ovary (and calyx
without) puberulo-pubescent, calyx-teeth triangular acuminate reflexed, buds
ovate very acute. Wall. Cat. 3996 ; G. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 422 ;
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 608 ; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 463. 0. rotun-
difolium, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 226 ; Wall. Cat. 3995. 0. Wightianum, Wall.
Cat. 4007 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 317 ; Wight Ic. t. 227 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl.
90. 0. Horsfieldii, Miq. 1. c. 609 ; Kurz in Flm-a 1871, p. 289. 0. platy-
phyllum, Heurck 8r Muell. Arg. Obs. Bot. 242 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1874,
pt. ii. 188. C. macrostachyum, Wall. Cat. 3997. 0. latifolium, Blume Bijd.
641 ; Miq. 1. c. 609. 0. leucanthum, Heurck $ Mull. Arg. Obs. Bot. 240.
C. formosum, Griff. Notul. iv. 682, fide Kurz.—Rheede Hort. Mai. vii. t. 23.

Deccan Peninsula. Ceylon. Tbansgangetic Peninsula from Silhet to
Singapoee. — Distrib. Malaya.

A large scandent shrub, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves 4-8 (sometimes 10 in.)
punctate on both surfaces when young ; petiole usually short but sometimes 1 in.
Racemes very thickly covered with flowers, sometimes short but generally elongate
4-6 in. Calyx with a ring of hairs at the base within, but not entirely filled by long
hair. Petals narrow-obovate, slightly exceeding the calyx. Fruit \\ in. and nearly
as broad, puberulo-glandular or nearly glabrous.

18. C. sundalcum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 327 ; leaves opposite ovate
or oblong suddenly acuminate mature nearly glabrous, spikes subglobose dense
in ample terminal panicles, young ovary and calyx without punctate-glandular

Combretum.'] lviii. combretace^. (C. B. Clarke.) 459

scarcely pubescent, calyx-teeth triangular acuminate reflexed, buds ovate very
acute.

Malacca, Maingay No. 1681. — Distrib. Sumatra.

Leaves 3-5 in., punctulate on both surfaces ; petiole £ in. Calyx with a ring of
hairs at its base within but not densely filled with long hair. Fruit 1 in. and nearly
as broad, brown, nearly glabrous. — This species so exactly coincides with C. extensum
in its flowers and fruits that it may be doubted whether it is specifically distinct.
The leaves appear smaller and thinner, and the dense heads of flowers at the ends of
the branches of a large panicle give it a very different aspect.

EXCLUDED AND DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

Combretum sp. 2. Griff. Notul. iv. 682 is probably one of the large Termi-
nalias.

Combretum (Sect. Poivrea) semi-adnatum, Heurclc $ Muell. Arg. Obs. Bot. 244 ;
leaves ternate short-petioled elliptic acute at first simply pubeiulous, racemes axil-
lary long-peduncled dense, flowers long pedicelled, bracteoles adnate to the pedicels
for half their length. " In the East Indies." — This must be very distinct from all
the known Indian species by its long-stalked ovary ; otherwise it might be C. tri-
foliatum.

Combretum ovale, Br. See under 2. pilosum.

6. QUISQUALIS, Linn.

Rambling subscandent large shrubs. Leaves opposite, oblong or obovate,
acuminate, entire. Floiuers in short spikes, axillary and terminal, white or red.
Calyx-tube prolonged loug and slender above the ovary, deciduous ; limb 5-fid.
Petals 5. Stamens 10, short. Ovary 1-celled ; style filiform, somewhat adherent
tp the calyx-tube, stigma subcapitate ; ovules 3-4, pendulous from the apex of
the cell. Fruit dry, coriaceous, 5-angled or 5-winged, subindehiscent. Seed 1,
cotyledons (occasionally 3, Kurz) not convolute. — Distrib. Species 4, tropical ;
3 Indian, 1 African.

Known from Combretum Sect. Poivrea by the elongate calyx-tube, and from Com-
bretum Sect. Quisqualoides by the 5-merous flowers and the fruit.

1. Q. indica, Linn. Sp. PL 556; calyx-tube above the ovary l|-2£ in.,
calyx-teeth triangular acute not acuminate, fruit with very sharp angles scarcely
winged. Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 336 ; Lamk. 111. t. 357 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 23 ;
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 427 ; Wall. Cat. 4010 ; Wight 111. t. 92 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 318;
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 610 ; Brandis For. Fl. 220. Q. villosa, Roxb. Fl.
Ind. ii. 426; Spreng. Sijst. ii. 331; DC. Prodr. iii. 23. Q. glabra, Burm. Fl.
Ind. t. 28. Q. pubescens, Burm. Fl. Ind. t. 35. Q. ebracteata, Beauv. Fl.
Owar. t. 35. Q. Loureiri, G. Don Gen. Syst. ii. 667. Q. sinensis, Lindl. in
Bot. Reg. N.S. vol. xxx. t. 15. Q. longiflora, P?*esl Epimel. 216. Quisqualis sp.,
Griff. Notul. iv. 683. — Rumph. Herb. Amboin. v. t. 38.

Throughout India, alt. 0-1000 ft., cultivated: wild probably in the Transgange-
tic Peninsula. — Distrib. Cultivated generally in the tropics, wild in Malaya.

Leaves 4 in., nearly glabrous or in var. villosa shortly pubescent beneath ; petiole
4-4 in., rusty villous as are the innovations. Spikes somewhat dense ; bracteoles
| in., usually lanceolate, but variable, generally subpersistent. Petals rose or
scarlet, oblong or nearly round. Fruit f-l£ by scarcely £ in., glabrous, black, very-
acute at the top.

460 lviii. combretacej). (C. B. Clarke.) [Quisqualis.

2. Q. densiflora, Wall. Cat. 4011 ; tube of the calyx above the ovary
£-f in., calyx-teeth lanceolate-subulate, fruit distinctly winged. Miq. Fl.
Ind. Bat. i. pt. i, 611. S. confertum, Jack in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 155;
3fif.Lc.61L

Penang ; Wallich. Motjlmein ; Falconer. Malacca ; Griffith. Sincapobe ; Lobb.

Leaves 4-6 in., nearly glabrous ; petiole £-£ in., rusty-pubescent. Spikes dense,
fulvo-pubescent ; bracteoles £-f in., lanceolate, pubescent, subpersistent. Petals
less than £ in., scarlet. Fruit 1 by •§ in., shining, quadrangular, oblong ; the wings
narrow but distinct, papery. — This species seems congeneric with Combretum pilosum
above.

3. Q. malabarica, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 155 •, calyx-tube above the
ovary § in., calyx-teeth lanceolate-subulate, petals ^ in. and more.

Deccan Peninsula; Carcoor Ghat, Wynaad, alt. 1500 ft., Beddome.

A large climber, nearly glabrous, the petioles becoming permanent as rigid spines.
Leaves 4-5 in.; petiole f in., glabrous. Spikes somewhat few-flowered, minutely
grey-puberulous or pubescent ; bracteoles \ in., linear. Petals pink. Fruit unknown.
— Much more glabrous than Q. densiflora, the bracteoles much smaller, the petals
much longer.

7. ILLIGERA,

Scandent shrubs. Leaves alternate, petioled, with three entire petioluled
leaflets. Flowers in elongate lax peduncled cymes ; bracteoles 1-3 at the base
of each flower. Calyx-tube shortly constricted above the ovary ; limb of 5
valvate oblong deciduous lobes. Petals 5, valvate, oblong, alternate with and
as long as the calyx-lobes. Stamens 5, epigynous, filament near the base carry-
ing on each side a staminode ; anthers dehiscing by lateral valves. Ovary 1-
celled ; style 1, filiform, ending in a dilated undulate sinuated stigma ; ovule 1,
pendulous from the apex of the cell. Fruit broadly 2-4-winged (2-winged in
the Indian species known) the wings veined. Seed with plane-convex (not
convoluted) cotyledons. — Distrib. Species 7 or 1, extending from Khasia to
Singapore, Malaya and the Philippines : and one aberrant species in Angola
having 5 leaflets.

1. I. Coryzadenia, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 251 ; leaflets pubes-
cent on the nerves beneath fulvo-pilose on the midrib above punctate at least
while young, staminodes sub-petaloid hooded and enfolded not emarginate.
I. appendiculata, Blume; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 469. Coryzadenia
trifoliata, Griff. Notul. iv. 356.

Mebgui ; Griffith. Tenassebim, Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 4341 partly). Anda-
mans ; Kurz.

Stem striate, nearly glabrous. Petiole 2-4 in. petiolules £-1 in. (variable as in
most of the species), more or less fulvo-pilose ; leaflets 2-4 in., oblong or broad-
elliptic, suddenly acuminate, usually cordate at base but sometimes acute ; the lower
leaves often much larger and their leaflets nearly orbicular. Cymes often 6-8 in. ;
bracteoles minute, ovate, and the calyx without minutely pubescent. Fruit 1 by 2\
in. including the wings, softly minutely pubescent. — Kurz (in Journ. As. Soc. 1877,
pt. ii. 59) unites the two species of Meissner, viz., i". Coryzadenia and /. appendiculata.

2. I. XLurzii, C. B. Clarke; leaflets glabrous epunctate very coriaceous
with an incurved cartilaginous margin, staminodes subpetaloid hooded and
enfolded not emarginate, fruit 2£-3£ in. wide 2-winged.

llligera.'] lviii. cOMBRETACEiE. (C. B. Clarke.) 461

Burma (Karens) ; Kurz. Mikir Hills, Khasia ; Simons. Tenasserim ; Heifer
(Kew Distrib. No. 4341) partly. Malacca, Maingay No. 649, 650.

Stem striate, nearly glabrous. Petiole 2-5 in. ; petiolules ^-1 in. ; leaflets elliptic-
lanceolate, those from the lower stem broader sometimes nearly orbicular. Cymes
often 6-8 in. ; bracteoles very small, ovate, and as the calyx without minutely pubes-
cent. Fruit 1 in. long, the wings brown nearly glabrous with horizontal striations.
— If Meissner's species are united as proposed by Mr. Kurz, this must be regarded as
a variety.

3. I. Khasiana, C. B. Clarke ; leaflets glabrous with tufts of long yel-
low hairs in the nerve-axils beneath and sometimes minutely setose on the
midrib on the upper surface, staminodes not petaloid concave deeply emarginate,
fruit 2\ in. wide (not quite ripe) 2-winged.

Khasia ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 4340) ; Churra, alt. 3000-4000 ft., J. D. H. $
T. Thomson; Likinsow, 2500-3000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

Stem striate, nearly glabrous. Petiole 2-5 in. ; petiolules ^-1 in. ; leaflets
elliptic-lanceolate (no lower leaves preserved). Cymes often 6-10 in. ; bracteoles
very small, ovate, and as the calyx without minutely pubescent. Fruit 1 in. long and
more, the wings brown nearly glabrous with horizontal striations.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

I. obtttsa, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 251 founded on Wight's Herb. No.
394 is said to have drupes 5 lines long 4 lines thick, and therefore cannot belong to
the genus llligera as at present defined. There is no example in the Kew Herbarium
of any llligera from the Deccan Peninsula.

8. GYROCARPUS, Jacq.

A tall tree. Leaves alternate, long petioled, large, entire or lobed, clustered
towards the ends of the branches. Flowers small, unisexual, very numerous,
clustered in large branched cymes without bracts. Male flowers very numer-
ous ; calyx 4-7-partite ; petals 0 ; stamens 4-7, inserted at the base of the
calyx with as many alternate clavate glands, anthers dehiscing by valves ;
ovary 0. Female or hermaphrodite flowers few ; calyx-tube adherent to the
ovary, limb 2-partite, persistent, enlarging in fruit ; petals and stamens 0 ;
ovary 1-celled ; style 0, stigma sessile ; ovule solitary pendulous from the apex
of the cell. Nut bony, crowned by the elongate spathulate coriaceous calyx-
lobes. Seed with convolute cotyledons.

1. G. Jacquini, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 11, Cor. PI. t. 1, Fl. Ind. i. 445 ;
Lamk. III. t. 850 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 196 ; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 470.
G. asiaticus, Willd. Sp. PI iv. 982 ; Wall. Cat. 968 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
978 ; DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 248. G. americanus, Jacq. PI. Amer. t. 178. G.
acuminatus, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 248. G. sphenopterus and G.
rugosus, R. Br. Prodr. 405.

Deccan Peninsula, alt. 0-1000 ft., frequent. Bengal, rare. Malay Peninsula,
frequent. — Distrib. The tropics of the whole world near the sea.

Attains 60-80 ft. (Kurz). Leaves (of full-grown trees) 4-5 in. and as broad,
broadly ovate, acuminate, entire, generally glabrous, those of young plants often very
large deeply lobed and more or less pubescent. Peduncles 1-3 in., in the upper axils.
Drupes £-f in., ovoid ; calyx-lobes 2-3 in.

462 lix. myrtace^e. (J. F. Duthie.)

Oeder LIX. MYRTACEiE. (By J. F. Duthie, F.L.S.).

Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves opposite, seldom alternate or whorled,
petioled, simple, entire, rarely denticulate or crenate, 3-nerved or pinnately-
nerved and usually with an intramarginal nerve, generally coriaceous and dotted
with pellucid glands. Stipules if present small and deciduous. Flowe?-s regu-
lar, very rarely irregular, hermaphrodite or polygamous by arrest, axillary, soli-
tary or in spikes cymes corymbs or heads, naked or with an involucre, often
with 2 bracts at the base, white, pink, purple, or yellow, never blue. Calyx
superior or ^-superior, limb 4-5-ruany-fid or -partite, persistent or deciduous,
valvate or imbricate, sometimes entire or closed in bud. Petals inserted on a
disk surrounding the cavity of the calyx, equal in number to the calyx-lobes and
alternate with them, rarely 0. Stamens usually oo, inserted with the petals in
-several rows, rarely definite and alternate with the petals ; filaments free or
more or less coherent at the base or in bundles opposite the petals ; anthers
small roundish with parallel cells bursting longitudinally. Ovary inferior or
^-inferior, crowned by a fleshy disk, 1-celled with 1 or more ovules, or 2-
many-celled with oo ovules ; placentation axile (parietal in JRhodamnia) ; style
terminal rarely lateral, smooth or bearded at the summit ; stigma undivided.
Fruit usually crowned with the calyx-limb, either 1-celled and 1-seeded by
arrest, or 2-many-celled with loculicidal or septicidal dehiscence ; or baccate
and indehiscent with the cells many-seeded or 1-seeded by arrest. Seeds angu-
lar cylindric or compressed; testa hard or membranous, sometimes winged;
albumen 0 ; embryo straight curved or spirally twisted, cotyledons usually short
and obtuse sometimes combined into a mass with the radicle, very rarely leafy,
radicle often thick close to the hilum. — Distrib. Tropical and subtropical regions
of both hemispheres ; species upwards of 1800.

Species of the Australian genus Eucalyptus are being successfully cultivated
on the Nilghiri hills and in other parts of India. The common Myrtle (Myrtics com-
munis, L.) is extensively grown in India, the leaves being used in native medicine ; it
extends from the Mediterranean region as far as Afghanistan and Beluchistan.
Allspice (Pimenta acris, Wight), a "West Indian tree, is much cultivated for the sake
of its aromatic leaves and berries.

Glaphyria sericea, Jack, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 128, from Penang, may be a spe-
cies of Leptospermum by description only. Myrtus andros&moides, Poir. is Myonima
multiflora, Ait. A native of Mauritius. Hircea Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 3566 F.
is Becaspermum paniculatum, Kurz.

A. Fruit capsular.

Tribe I. Leptospermeae. Ovary 2-5-celled. Fruit opening by as
many valves.

Leaves narrow.

Stamens definite (10 or fewer) free, in one series. Leaves

alternate. Flowers few or solitary in the axils .... 1. B^ckea.
Stamens oo, free, in one series. Leaves alternate. Flowers

few or solitary in the axils 2. Leptospebmtjm.

Stamens oo, slightly combined below into bundles opposite

the petals and exceeding them. Flowers in heads or

spikes 3. Melalecca.

Leaves broad. Stamens oo, united into 5 bundles opposite the

petals. Flowers in axillary cymes 4. Tristania.

JBcechea.'] lix. myrtace^. (J. F. Dnthie.)

B. Fruit fleshy.

Tribe II. Myrteae. Ovary 2- or more-celled (except Bhodamnia).
Fruit a berry or drupe.

Limb of calyx closed in bud with the lobes subimbricate, ra-
ther deeply valvately divided when in flower *4. Psidium.

Limb of calyx 4-5-lobed or -partite in bud, not becoming
further divided when in flower.

Ovary 1-celled with 2 parietal placentas. Leaves 3-

nerved 5. Ehodamnia.

Ovary 1-3-celled with double rows of ovules in each
cell separated by spurious partitions. Leaves some-
times 3-nerved 6. Khodomyktus.

Ovary 5- rarely 4-celled with 2-6 ovules in each cell.
Embryo long and narrow, curved, circular, or spiral,

with small cotyledons 7. Decaspebmtjm.

Ovary 2-3-celled with several ovules in each cell and
without spurious partitions. Embryo thick and
fleshy, not divisible, or with 2 thick fleshy cotyle-
dons and a short radicle 8. Eugenia.

Tribe III. Lecythideae (Sub-tribe Barringtoniese). Ovary 2- or more-
celled. Fruit indehiscent, hard and fibrous or fleshy. Leaves alternate, not
gland-dotted.

Stamens all perfect. Eruit angular, fibrous, 1 -seeded . . 9. Barbingtonia.
Outer or inner stamens or both without anthers. Fruit

ovoid or globular, fleshy, many-seeded 10. Careya.

1. EiSCKEA, Linn.

Glabrous heath-like shrubs. Leaves opposite, narrow, pointed, with many
pellucid glands. Flowers normally 5-merous, axillary, peduncled, with 2 minute
bracts at their base. Calyx-tube campanulate ; lobes 5, membranous, persistent.
Petals 5, suborbicular. Stamens 10 or fewer, shorter than the petals. Ovary
inferior or ^-inferior, 2-3-celled, with several ovules in each cell. Capsule
bursting from above loculicidally. Seeds angular j embryo straight with short
cotyledons. — Distrib. Species about 50, the greater number Australian, a few
in New Caledonia, one only extending into India.

1. B. frutescens, Linn. ; leaves linear pointed ascending or spreading,
flowers axillary shortly peduncled, calyx-lobes roundish petaloid, stamens 10
rarely 8, ovary 3-celled. DC. JProdr. iii. 229; Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. m.
260; Bot. Mag. t. 2802; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 69; Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. pt.
i. 406 ; Benth. Fl. Hongh. 118. B. Oumingiana, Schauer in Walp. Rep. ii. 920.
B. chinensis, Gaertn. Fruct. i. 157, t. 31. — Osbeck Ltin. 231, t. 1.

Eastern Peninsula ; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay, Cuming, Lobb, Low. — Disteib.
Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines, S. China.

A slender shrub with rod-like branches. Leaves small, £-£ in. long, flat or some-
what channelled above, convex beneath. Peduncles usually solitary and short with
2 minute bracts at the base. Flowers small, white, 5-merous, occasionally 4-merous.
Calyx-tube campanulate.

464 lix. myetace^e. (J. F. Duthie.) [Leptospermum.

2. LEPTOSPERMUM, Font.

Shrubs, rarely small trees, glabrous or silky-pubescent. Leaves alternate,
entire, rigid, •with 1-3 nerves or nerveless. Floivers solitary in the axils of the
leaves, or 2-3 together at the ends of the branches, rarely peduncled, sometimes
polygamous ; bracts broad, scarious, often imbricate, the lower ones soon falling
off. Calyx-tube broadly campanulate or turbinate, adnate to the ovary below,
the free upper part broad ; lobes 5. Petals 5, spreading. Stamens oo, in a
single series, not longer than the petals ; anthers versatile, their parallel cells
bursting longitudinally; connective' swollen, gland-like. Ovary inferior or
^-inferior, enclosed in the calyx-tube, 6- or more-celled, rarely 3- or 4-celled ;
style filiform, inserted in a deep depression of the ovary, sometimes short, stigma
capitate or peltate. Capsule usually exceeding the calyx-tube, opening loculici-
dally from above. Seeds oo, linear or winged, often sterile ; embryo straight. —
Distrib. Species upwards of 25, chiefly Australian, a few in New Zealand and
New Caledonia.

1. Xi. amboinense, Blame Bijd. p. 1100 ; Mus. Bot. i. 68 ; glabrous or
silky on the young parts, leaves linear-lanceolate or obovate obtuse, flowers ses-
sile or nearly so solitary terminal or axillary, ovary 5-celled. DC. Prodr. iii.
229 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 404. L. flavescens, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
iii. 262 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 227 ; Bot. Mag. 2695 ; Benth. FL Austral, iii. 104,
var. a. Macklottia amboinensis, Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. i. 196. — Myrtus
amboinensis, JRumph. Herb. Amb. ii. 77, t. 18.

Malacca ; Griffith, Maingay, Low. — Distrib. Indian Archipelago, and from
Queensland to Tasmania.

A shrub. Leaves 1 in. and smaller, 1-3-nerved or the nerves indistinct, narrowly
or broadly oblong or even obovate. Flowers sometimes % in. across. Calyx glabrous,
tube broadly campanulate ; lobes rather shorter than the tube. Anthers attached to
a purplish gland-like connective. Ovary glabrous, prominent above the calyx-tube,
and with a central depression round the style.

2. Xi. javanicum, Blums Bijdr. 1100 ; Mus. Bot. i. 68 ; leaves lanceolate
obtuse obscurely 3-nerved tipped with a deciduous mucro, ovary 5-celled.
L. floribundum, Jungh. Java i. 578. Macklottia javanica, Korth. Ned. Kruidk.
Arch. (1847), 196.

Moulmein ; exposed rocks, alt. 5000 ft., Lobb. — Distkib. Java, Sumatra ?

A shrub, £-1 ft. high. Leaves ^-1 in. by \ in., narrowly obovate with silky hairs
on the edges and beneath, midrib prominent beneath, lateral nerves soon vanishing
upwards. Flowers about £ in. across, few or solitary, axillary. Calyx-lobes ovate,
obtuse, membranous, deciduous. Anthers attached to a dark-coloured gland-like con-
nective. Style about £ in. ; stigma capitate. Capsule 5-celled, smooth, smaller than
in Miquel's specimens from Java.

3. MELALEUCA, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, entire, lanceolate or
linear, flat or subterete, 1-3-many-nerved. Floivers in heads or spikes, each
sessile in the axil of a floral leaf, 5-merous ; bracts deciduous. Calyx-tube
subglobose; lobes 5, imbricate or open. Petals 5, spreading, deciduous.
Stamens oo, more or less united at their bases into 5 bundles opposite the petals ;
anthers versatile, the cells parallel and bursting longitudinally. Ovary infe-

Melaleuca."] .lix. myrtaceje. (J. F. Duthie.) 465

rior or ^-inferior, enclosed in the calyx-tube, usually with many ovules in each
cell. Capsule opening loculicidally from above by 3 valves. Perfect seeds
cuneate ; embryo straight, cotyledons longer than the radicle. — Distbib. Up-
wards of 100 species, all Australian, one of them extending into Tropical
Asia.

1. XH. Leucadendron, Linn. ; leaves alternate elliptic or lanceolate
straight oblique or falcate 3-7-nerved with anastomosing nerves, spikes long
interrupted solitary or 2 or 3 together terminal at first and then surmounted
by leafy branches, rachis and calyx glabrous or woolly. Benth. Fl. Austral.
iii. 142 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. (1877) pt. li. p. 61 ; For. Fl. Brit.
Burm. i. 472.

Tenasserim and Mergui, Griffith; Malacca, Maingayt Cuming. — Distrib. Malay
Islands to Australia.

A tree, often of large size, with a thick spongy bark peeling off in layers, and
pendulous branches ; or stunted and with stiff erect branches. Leaves often vertical,
acuminate acute or obtuse, narrow and 6-8 in., or broader more rigid and 2-4 in*
Flower-spikes 2-6 in. Calyx-tube ovoid ;, lobes roundish and often scarious at the
margin. Petals £ in. Starninal bundles under £ in., each with 5-8 filaments.
Ovules oo, ascending, attached to an oblong placenta. Fruiting -calyx about \ in. in
diam. Seeds obovoid or cuneate ; cotyledons obovate, thick, much longer than the
radicle.

The following are the principal varieties of this species, concerning which Mr.
Bentham remarks (Fl. Austral, iii. 142) : — " This species, very widely spread and
abundant in the Indian Archipelago and Malayan Peninsula, varies exceedingly in the
size, shape and texture of the leaves, in the young shoots very silky-villous or woolly,
or the whole quite glabrous ; in the short and dense or long and interrupted spikes ;
in the size of the flowers ; in the greenish -yellow, whitish, pink or purple stamens, etc..
and at first sight it is difficult to believe that they all can be forms of one species ; but
on examination none of these variations are sufficiently constant or so combined as to
allow of distinct races."

Var. Leucadendron-, spikes glabrous. Linn. Mant. 105 and Suppl. 342; Lour.
Fl. Cochinch. 468; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 397; DC. Prodr. iii. 212; Wall. Cat. 3646;
Blume Mus. Bot. i. 66 ; Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 401. Myrtus Leucadendron,
Linn. — Rumph. Herb. Amb. ii. 72, tt. 16, 17, f. 1. — Cultivated in India.

Var. minor ; spikes villous. M. minor, Sm. in Rees. Cycl. 23 ; DC. Prodr. iii.
212 ; Wall. Cat. 3645 ; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 67 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 403. M.
Cajuputi, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 394 : W. Sf A. Prodr. 326 ; Miq. 1. c. 403. M. Leuca-
dendron, Lam. Encycl. 641. M. viridiflora, Gcertu. Fruct. i. 173, t. 35; DC. Prodr.
I. c. ; Wall. Cat. 3647. M. saligna, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 66. M. Cumingiana and
lancifolia, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Mosc. xx. 164. Myrtus saligna, Gmel. Syst. 793. —
Rumph. Herb. Amb. ii. 76. — This appears to be the plant from which the Cajuput-oii
of commerce is chiefly obtained.

Miquel(Fl. Ind. Bat. 1. c.) describes M. Cumingiana as specifically distinct, distin-
guishing it from M. lancifolia by the absence of auricles to the starninal bundles ; the
existence of these however in the latter does not appear to be evident. Mr. Bentham
(PI. Austral. 1. c.) considers that both of them belong to one of the common Archipe-
lago forms with twin leaves and small flowers.

4. TRISTAN! A, R. Br.

Tall shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or crowded at the summit of the
branches, rarely opposite. Flowers small, yellow or white, arranged in axillary
cymes; bracts deciduous or 0. Calyx-tube turbinate campanulate or open,
attached below to the ovary ; lobes 5, imbricate in aestivation, persistent. Petals

VOL. II. h H

4*66 lix. myrtace^i. (J. F. Duthie.) [Tristania.

5, spreading. Stamens oo, shorter than the petals, usually united in 5 bundles
and opposite to them ; anthers versatile, cells parallel and opening longitu-
dinally. Ovary inferior or ^-superior, 3-celled ; ovules many in each cell, sus-
pended or horizontal. Capsule loculicidally 3-valved. Perfect seeds few, linear,
cuneate, or winged at the upper part; embryo straight, cotyledons broad, longer
than the radicle. — Distrib. Upwards of 1 4 species inhabiting the Malay penin-
sula and islands, New Caledonia, and Australia.

1. T. Wig-htiana, Griff. MSS. ; leaves alternate shortly petioled ob-
lanceolate acuminate glabrous closely pinnate-nerved, cymes corymbose dicho-
tomous long peduncled terminal and axillary equalling or exceeding the leaves,
branches angular pubescent, bracts leaflike, flowers small on short pedicels,
staminal bundles 3-androus, capsule very small almost wholly exserted, seeds
narrow compressed winged. T. sumatrana, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 308.
Hypericinea pimentifotfa, Wall. Cat. 4828.

Malacca, Griffith; Sincapore, Wallich, Lobb; Penang, Walker. — Distrib. Java,
Sumatra, Borneo.

A shrub. Bark reddish-brown. Leaves 4£-6 by 2-2£ in., gradually narrowing
towards the base, obtusely acuminate or cuspidate, shining above, dull and tawny-
coloured beneath, margins revolute, lateral nerves slender uniting in a continuous
jntramarginal one. Primary and secondary branches of inflorescence very long.
Calyx-tube broadly campanulate above, spreading or reflexed in fruit, its inner surface
and the ovary clothed with pure white pubescence. Petals nearly round, glandular.
Style short. Seeds 4-5 in each cell.

2. T. burmannica, Griff. MSS. ; leaves alternate or crowded at the
ends of the branches shortly petioled oblong-lanceolate obtuse or obtusely
acuminate glabrous or tomentose, cymes axillary few-flowered much shorter
than the leaves branches angular pubescent, flowers small yellowish on short
pedicels 2 or 3 together with linear bracts at the base, calyx-lobes sub-acute,
staminal bundles about 5-7-androus, capsule exserted about § its length,
seeds £ in. long winged. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. (1877) pt. ii.
p. 61 ; For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 474. " Tristania facie," Griff. Notul. 648.
Hypericinea micrantha, Wall. Cat. 4829.

Tenasserim:, Heifer ; Moulmein and Malacca, Falconer, Griffith, Wallich ; Pegu,
Kurz. — Distrib. Java and Borneo.

A shrub upwards of 8 ft. Bark grey. Young parts and upper branches of inflo-
rescence pubescent. Leaves 2-4 by §-l§ in., shining above, lighter below or rusty-
coloured, coriaceous, margins revolute, dots inconspicuous, lateral nerves slender,
prominent, uniting in a continuous looping one near the margin ; petiole £ in. or less.
Cymes compact, dichotomous. Petals nearly round, shining. Ovary silky-pubescent ;
ovules many, suspended. Capsule ^ in. Seeds compressed.

Var. tomentosa ; leaves ochre-coloured hairy on both surfaces towards the base
and along the prominent midrib, cymes nearly sessile compact and densely clothed
with yellow tomentum, flowers larger and calyx-tube broader above, style longer,
stigma capitate, young capsule rugose pubescent, seeds about 4 in each cell. — "A
small tree." Tenasserim mountains, 4000 ft., C Parish. There are no ripe capsules
on the single specimen preserved in the Kew Herbarium. Possibly a distinct species.

Var. ? ; leaves longer (2-5 in.), cymes lax, peduncles f in., the capsules and seeds
however are similar to those of Wallich's Hypericinea micrantha ; there are no
flowers on this specimen. — Near Moulmein, alt. 1000 ft., C. Parish.

3. T. merg-uensis, Griff, in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1854, 637 ; leaves
alternate or the upper nearly opposite very shortly petioled or sessile obovate-
lanceolate obtuse or obtusely acuminate glabrous, panicles on long peduncles,
branches angular pubescent above, bracts leaflike, calyx-lobes oblong rounded

Tristania.'] lix. mtktace^. (J. P. Duthie.) 467

at the apex, staminal bundles 6-10-androus, capsule roundish large exserted
nearly £ in., seeds compressed. Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 473. " Tristaniae
affinis," Griff. Notul. 650; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 636, f. 3. Melaleuca eugeniifolia,
Wall. Cat. 3648. M. decurrens, Wall. Cat. 3649.

Meroui, Griffith ; Tenasserim or Andaman Islands, Heifer ; Malacca, Finlayson,
Wallich ; Mount Ophir, Griffith. — Distrib. Borneo. Cap. Rochardo, Wallich.

A tree with pendent branches. Leaves 2-7 by 1\ in., gradually narrowing
towards the base, often retuse at the apex, pinnate-nerved, rusty red beneath, darker
Above and punctate. Branches of the inflorescence compressed, angular, furrowed,
upper part together with the bracts and calyx covered with stiff whitish hairs.
Calyx-tube rather less than £ in., broadly campanulate in fruit, its nearly truncate limb
spreading or reflexed ; lobes obtuse. Petals small, transversely oblong with a minute
claw at the base. Filaments hairy below. Ovary pilose ; style rather long, stigma
slightly capitate ; ovules co, pendulous from the apex of the cells. Valves of the
capsule transversely wrinkled externally. Seeds about 8 in each cell, compressed,
^ in. long. — Griffith remarks that the flowers are white and disagreeably scented.
In Wallich's M. decurrens the blade of the leaf extends to the base, and the leaves
are less conspicuously dotted.

4. T. BXaing'ayi, Duthie ; leaves alternate shortly petioled narrowly
oblanceolate attenuated at each end obtuse coriaceous glabrous, cymes chiefly
from the upper leaf-axils, branches compressed or angular pubescent, flowers
sessile 3-4 together, staminal bundles 5-11-androus, capsule rather large about
^ in roundish exserted £ its length, seeds winged 9-10 in each cell.

Maiaya, Maingay ; Kew Distrib. 767 in part.

Leaves l£- 2^ by £-f in., dark and polished above, rusty-yellow beneath, dotted,
margins slightly revolute, nerves not prominent. Cymes dichotomously branched ;
peduncles £-l£ in. ; pedicels and calyx covered with light yellow tomentum, lobes
rounded at the apex or subacute. Petals small, transversely oblong or orbicular,
hairy outside. Filaments hairy below. Ovary pubescent with white hairs. Capsules
^ in. in diam.

5. T. G-riffithii, Kurz in Pegu Rep. Append. B. p. 50 ; leaves crowded
towards the ends of the branches lanceolate attenuated at both ends, cymes
subaxillary few-flowered, flowers rather large white, capsule scarcely exserted,
seeds winged. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 61 ; For. Fl.
Brit. Burm. i. 474. T. conferta, Griff. Notul. p. 649 ; not of R. Br.

Mergtji, Griffith ; Pegu, Kurz.

A shrub. Leaves coriaceous, pellucid-punctate. Terminal buds with imbricating
membranous scales. Calyx-tube turbinate ; lobes 5, ovate, acuminate, falling off cir-
cumscissly at the apex of the fruit. Petals round. Filaments nearly equal to the
petals. Style filiform, shorter than the stamens ; stigma capitate. — I have not seen,
specimens.

4*. PSIDIUM, Linn,

Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire, not dotted. Peduncles 1- few-
flowered ; flowers large, white. Calyx urceolate or obovate ; limb undivided in
aestivation, separating valvately into 4-5 lobes when in flower. Petals 4 or 5,
free. Stamens oo. Ovary 2- or more-celled with many ovules in each cell.
Berry many-seeded. Seeds with hard testa ; embryo curved, radicle long,
cotyledons short. — Distrib. Tropical and subtropical America; about 100
species have been enumerated.

H h 2

468 lix. mtrtacejb. (J. F. Duthie.) [Psidium.

1. P. Guyava, Linn.-, Benth. Fl. Hongh. 120; Brandts Far. Fl. 232;
Griseb. Fl. Brit. West. Ind. 241 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. (1877)
pt. ii. p. 62; Fw: Fl.Brit. Burm. 1. 476.

Naturalised throughout India.

A small tree, pubescent on the young branches. Leaves on very short petioles,
ovate or oblong, and usually acuminate, 3-4 in. long, glabrous or nearly so above,
softly pubescent beneath and with the principal nerves prominent. Peduncles
axillary, £ in., 1-3-flowered ; buds ovoid in the adnate part, the free part also ovoid
but larger and more or less pointed. Petals broad, A in. in diameter. Fruit globose or
pear-shaped. — "Indigenous in Mexico and possibly in other parts of Tropical America,
cultivated and naturalised in most tropical countries. In India the Guava is culti-
vated almost everywhere except in the north-western corner of the Punjab. It often
run wild, but there is no ground for supposing that the Guava is indigenous in India.
"Wood compact, close-grained, takes a beautiful polish." {Brandis I. c.)

Var. jn/riferum, Linn, (sp.) ; peduncles ,1-fld, fruit pyriform. Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii.
480.

Var. pomiferum, Linn, (sp.) ; peduncles usually 2-3-fld, fruit globose or ovoid.
Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 480.

5. RHODAMNIA,//,;.

Shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite, 3-nerved, hoary or pubescent be-
neath. Flowers rather small, pedicels short, sometimes very shortly fasciculate
or in lax racemes ; bracteoles small, deciduous. Calyx-tube ovoid or subglobose,
not produced beyond the ovary ; segments 4, persistent. Petals 4r, spreading.
Stamens oo, in many series, free,; filiments filiform; anthers versatile with
parallel cells dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 1-celled with parietal placentation
and many ovules ; style filiform, stigma peltate. Berry globose, crowned with
the limb of the calyx. Seeds few, reniform, globose or variously compressed,
testa hard ; embryo horseshoe-shaped, radicle long, cotyledons very short. —
Distrib. About 12 ? species ; 3 in Australia, and the rest natives of Tropical
Asia.

1. R. trinervia, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 79; leaves ovate-oblong or ovate-
lanceolate acuminate glabrous or more or less reticulate above prominently
3-nerved from the base often silvery-pubescent beneath, peduncles slender axil-
lary 1- rarely 3-fl. with minute bracteoles under the calyx, berry globose red-
dish. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. (1877) pt. ii. p. 63 ; For. Fl. Brit.
Burm. i. 474; Benth. Fl. Austral, iii. 278. Myrtus trinervia, Sm. in Linn.
Trans, iii. 280. Eugenia ? trinervia, DC. Prodr. iii. 279 ; Bot. Mag. 3223.

Tenasserim, Heifer ; Malacca, Cuming, Griffith ; Sincapore and Penang, Walker y
Wallich ; Nicobar Islands, Kurz. — Distrib. Malay Islands and Philippines to Aus-
tralia.

A small tree or shrub with greyish wrinkled bark and pilose branchlets, young
parts and inflorescence often densely silky. Leaves variable in size, 4-6 by \\- 2£ in.,
sometimes rugose beneath, shortly petioled, subacute at the base. Peduncles varying
in length, shorter than the leaves. Flowers white, fragrant. Petals twice as long as
the calyx-lobes, hairy outside. Stamens nearly as long as the petals. Berry about
£ in. in diam. — I have adopted Mr. Kurz's nomenclature who includes the various
forms under the following varieties.

Var. concolor ; leaves green on both surfaces, sparingly pubescent, peduncles 4-7-
or fewer-flowered. R. cinerea, Griff. Notul. 653, not of Jack. ; Kurz in Journ. As.
Soc. 1. c. E. concolor, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Sujypl. i. 315. Myrtus smilacifolia, Wall.
Cat. 3629.

Var. sjpectabilis ; leaves silvery- white 1 eneath or greyish when old, flowers usually

Blwdamnia.~\ lix. myrtaoe2B. (J. F. Duthie.) 469

fewer 2 or solitary. E. spectabilis, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 78 ; Miq. I. c. 479 ; Kurz I.e.
R. cinerea, Jack in Mai. Misc. Monoxora spectabilis, Wight 111. ii. 12, t. 97*, f. 5.
E. Nageli, Miq. I.e. E. subtriflora and E. Mulleri, Bl. I.e. 79.

6. RHODOMYRTUS, DC.

Trees or tomentose shrubs. Leaves opposite, 5- or 3-nerved. Flowers rather
large, axillary. Calyx-tube turbinate, oblong or subglobose, hardly produced
above the ovary ; lobes 5 rarely 4, herbaceous, persistent. Petals 5, rarely 4,
spreading. Stamens oo, free, in many series. Ovary 1- 2- 3-celled with spuri-
ous partitions, or divided into numerous 1-ovuled superposed cells ; style fili-
form, stigma capitate. Berry drupelike, globose or ovoid, with few or numerous
seeds not distinctly superposed in rows. Seeds compressed, reniform or nearly
orbicular, horizontal, testa hard; embryo curved or spiral, radicle very long,
cotyledons small. — Distrjb. 5 species, 4 of them inhabitants of E. Australia,
and 1 widely distributed over Tropical Asia, especially throughout the Indian
Archipelago as far as China.

1. R. tomentosa, Wight Spicil. Neilgh. i. 60, t. 71 ; branches downy
above slightly compressed, leaves elliptic or obovate obtuse shortly petioled
3-nerved hoary on the underside with soft tomentum, peduncles axillary shorter
than the leaves 1-3-fl., flowers with 2 ovate bracteoles at the base, calyx
tomentose 5-cleft, lobes unequal, berry oval or subglobose 3-celled, seeds com-
pressed forming 2 rows in each cell. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 477 ; Benth.
Fl. Hongk. 121 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. t. xiv. Myrtus tomentosa, Ait. ;
DC. Prodr. iii. 240; Vahl Symb. ii. 56; Blume Bijdr. 1081 ; W. 8f A. Prodr.
i. 328 ; Wight III. ii. 12, t. 97* f. 3, Ic. 522 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 498 ; Wall.
Cat. 3630 ; Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. i. 197. M. canescens, Lour. Fl.
Cochinc. i. 311.

Western Peninsula, Pulney Hills, Beddome ; Nilghiris, Adam. Eastern' Pen-
insula, Malacca, Griffith. Maingay ; Sincapore and Penang, Thomson, Anderson.
Ceylon, alt. 6-8000 ft., Walker, §C

A shrub, 4-5 ft. ; young parts clothed with thick tomentum. Lower leaves in
threes, upper ones and those of the branches opposite, 1-2| in. with 3 or rarely 5 pro-
minent nerves starting from near the base, dark brown above, at length glabrous and
shining, hoary beneath and rugose. Peduncles about half the length of the leaves,
bearing 1-3 large pink flowers ^-f in. across. Petals downy outside, shortly clawed.
Berry about the size of a cherry, dark purple, pulp fleshy, sweet and aromatic. — Col.
Beddome says that this is abundant on the higher mountains in the Madras Presi-
dency, and is known at Ootacamund as " Hill Gooseberry." The fruit is eaten raw,
or made into jam called " Thaonty." Its wood is whjte with pink heart, the grain
close and cutting like cheese, but splitting when seasoned ; useful for small turnery.

7. DECASPERMUM, Forst.

Shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite, pinnate-nerved. Floivers small, in
axillary racemes, and sometimes forming terminal leafy panicles, occasionally
polygamous. Calyx-tube campanulate, scarcely or not at all produced above
the ovary ; lobes 4 or 5, spreading. Stamens oo, in several series, free, fila-
ments filiform ; anthers small, versatile, with parallel cells opening longitudi-
nally. Ovary 4- or 5-celled with 2 or very few ovules in each cell; cells
often divided by spurious dissepiments ; style filiform, stigma peltate. Berry

470 ltx. mtetace^. (J. F. Duthie.) [Decaspermwm.

globular, crowned with the calyx-lobes. Seeds few, reniforni; testa hard;
embryo hippocrepiforni or circular, with a long radicle and short linear cotyle-
dons.— Distrib. Species about 4, inhabiting Tropical Asia and Australia, and
the Pacific Islands.

Closely related to Myrtus.

1. D. paniculatum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. (1877) pt. ii.
p. 61 ; For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 475 ; leaves shortly petioled oblong acumi-
nate suddenly narrowing below, flowers in terminal and axillary panicles
often polygamous, calyx-lobes roundish or subacute, ovary 4-celled. Nelitria
paniculata, Lindl. Collect, under No. 16 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 231 ; Wall. Cat.
3627 ; Wight III. ii. 12, t. 97*, f. 10, Ic. 521 ; Benth. Fl. Austral, iii. 279.
N. polygama, Spreng. Syst. ii. 488; Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. i. 197*
N. pallescens, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 314. Eugenia polygama, BoxK
Hort. Beng. 92 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 491. E. cuspidata, Wall. Cat. 3627.

Eastern Bengal, Khasia Mts. ; Pegu, Kurz ; Mergui, Griffith ; Malacca,.
Maingay, Cuming. — Distrib. Java, Philippines, Australia.

A shrub or small tree ; young parts and inflorescence covered with silky pubes-
cence. Leaves 2 by about 1 in., abruptly contracted at the base, cuspidate-acuminate,
dark and glossy above, paler and often of a reddish colour beneath. Panicles ascending,
equalling or exceeding the leaves ; bracts leaflike, or small and deciduous. Flowers
small, crowded. Calyx-tube more or less clothed with white hairs; lobes usually
less hairy or nearly glabrous. Petals ciliate. Style exserted. Berry globose, about
£ in. — This plant varies much in the size of the flowers, the shape of the calyx-lobes,
and in the degree of hairiness. I have given M. pallescens as a synonym on the
authority of Kurz (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 57). Some of Maingay's Malacca
specimens with an abnormally congested leafy inflorescence somewhat resemble JV.
leucocoma.

Var. khasiana ; leaves narrower, panicles long peduncled lax few-flowered,
flowers larger, petals § longer than the calyx. — Khasia, Griffith, J. D. H. 8f T. T.,
Kurz.

Var. Finlaysoniana ; leaves thicker, panicles shorter than the leaves, calyx-tube-
densely clothed with white torn en turn, lobes all rounded and less hairy, stamens
nearly equalling the petals. N. polymorpha, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 75, t. lx. ; Hirsea
Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 7263. — No locality given, Finlayson, Lobb.

8. EU6ENIA,Zn

Trees or shrubs, smooth or rarely tomentose or villous. Leaves opposite
rarely alternate, coriaceous or membranous, pinnate-nerved. Inflorescence cen-
tripetal with solitary axillary flowers, or in short racemes (leafless branches),
or centrifugal in dense terminal cymes, or in terminal or lateral trichotomous
panicles. Bracts usually small and deciduous. Calyx-tube globose or more or
less elongate ; lobes 4 rarely 5. Petals 4 rarely 5 or more or 0, free and spread-
ing or united in a calyptra. Stamens oo, in many rows, free or slightly com-
bined into 4 bundles, filaments filiform; anthers small, versatile, bursting
longitudinally. Ovary 2- rarely 3-celled ; style filiform, stigma small ; ovules oo
in each cell. Berry drupelike, rarely dry and fibrous, crowned with the persis-
tent calyx-limb. Seeds few, globose, variously compressed, testa membranous
or cartilaginous; embryo thick and fleshy, radicle short, cotyledons thick
more or less united or distinct. — Distrib. Upwards of 700 species inhabiting
chiefly tropical and subtropical America, tropical Asia, a few in Australia
and Africa.

Eugenia.] lix. myrtace2E. (J. F. Duthie.) 471

Sect. I. Jambosa. Inflorescence cymose. Calyx usually with a thick-
ened staminal disk and 4 conspicuous persistent lobes. Flowers showy, usually
4-merous. Berries large, turbinate or ovoid. Seeds large, with a thick fleshy
endocarp. (To p. 481).

* Flowers lateral, sessile or subsessile, usually from leafless axils.

1. E. formosa, Wall. PI. As. Ear. ii. 6, t. 108 ; Cat. 3609, in part ;
leaves large opposite or in threes nearly sessile elliptic-oblong obtusely acumi-
nate cordate or amplexicaul at the base, racemes lateral short few-flowered,
calyx-tube turbinate narrowed into a long pedicel, lobes unequal, fruit subglo-
bose pendulous crowned with the recurved calyx-limb. Kurz in Journ. As.
Soc. Beng. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 68 ; For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 492 ; Wight III. ii. 14.
Jambosa formosa, Walp. Rep. Bot. ii. 191 ; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 92 ; Mia. Fl.
Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 412. J. mappacea, Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. i. 200.

Eastern Bengal and Eastern Peninsula, Chittagong, Upper Tenasserim,
Moulmein. Banks of Attra E., Wallich.

A lofty tree with wide-spreading branches. Bark soft, ash-coloured, marked with
the scars of fallen leaves. Branchlets alternately compressed or subtrigonous. Leaves
crowded at the ends of the branchlets, 5- upwards of 16 by 4-4| in., very coriaceous,
shining above, paler beneath ; midrib stout ; lateral nerves prominent beneath,
uniting within the margin. Flowers large, purple turning to red, scentless. Peduncles
fleshy, branches clavate jointed near the middle; bracteoles 2, minute. Calyx-tube
much produced ; lobes spreading, orbicular. Petals twice as large as the calyx-lobes;
shortly clawed.' Stamens many, very long. Ovary turbinate. Berry size of a walnut,
2-celled, smooth, shining, white, insipid. Seeds large, rugose, greenish,

Var. ternifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. Ind. ii. 489 (sp.) ; leaves in threes.
Wall. Cat. 3607; Wight JU. ii. 14; Ic. t. 611; Blume Mus. Bot. 92 {Jambosa). -
Sikxim, J. D. H. ; Assam and Silhet, Wallich. Pegu, McClelland.

2. E. amplexicaulis, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. Ind. ii. 483; leaves
opposite amplexicaul oblong with a rounded apex, peduncles short lateral 3- or
9-tlowered, berries spherical size of a small apple. Wight III. ii. 14 ; Ic. t. 608 ;
Wall. Cat. 3612 ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1033 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi.
(1877) pt. ii. p. 68; For. Fl. Brit. Burnt, i. 493. Jambosa amplexicaulis,
DC. Prod. iii. 287. J. alba, var. amplexicaulis, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 414 ;
Blume Mus. Bot. i. 96. — J. sylvestris alba, Rumph. Herb. Amb. i. 127, t. 39 ?

Chittagong, Roxburgh.

A stately tree. Trunk tolerably straight, quickly dividing into numerous spread-
ing branches. Bark of woody parts brown. Leaves 6-8 by 3-4 in. Peduncles trifid,
each division 3-flowered. Flowers large, white, scentless. Berry greenish-yellow
when ripe. — Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1. c. refers to specimens in Herb. Brandis
collected in Upper Tenasserim as coming very near to this species, and only differing
from Eoxburgh's figure by having a terminal inflorescence. In the figure given by
Eumphius 1. c. the leaves are acute at the base.

3. E. malaccensis, Linn. ; Lam. Diet. iii. 196 ; leaves shortly petioled
large ovate or elliptic-oblong attenuated at each end coriaceous glossy, racemes
lateral dense shortly peduncled, flowers red, calyx-tube turbinate narrow below,
lobes unequal, fruit subglobose or depressed-turbinate crowned with the in-
curved calyx-lobes. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 483 ; Wall. Cat. 3611 ; Wight III. ii. 14,
/t. 98 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. ex. ; Kurz in Journ. As.^Soc. Beng. xlvi. pt.
ii. p. 68 ; For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 493. E. macrophylla, Lam. I. c. Jambosa
malaccensis, DC. ; Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. (1847) 200; Bot. Mag. 4408; W. 8f
A. Prodr. i. 332. J. purpurascens, DC. I. c. excl. syn. Roxb. J. domestica,

472 lix. myrtace^. (J. F, Duthie.) [Eugenia.

Humph. Herb. Amb. i. 121, t. 37 {not good) and 38, f. i. ; DC. I. c. 288 ; Blume
Mas. Bot. i. 91 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 411 ; Berg in Fl. Brazil xiv.
pt. i. $76 Myrtus macrophylla, Spreng.; Blume Bijdr. 1084. M. malaccensis,
Spreng ; Blume I. c. 1083.— Burm. Fl. Ind. 114 ; Rheede Hart. Mai. i. 29, t. 18.

Malaya, Maingay, Griffith. Chittagong (cult. ?) J. D. H. & T. T. Tenasserim. —
Distrib. Malayan Islands. — Many varieties are cultivated in different parts of
the world.

A shrub, 6-8 ft. high, with terete-compressed branchlets. Leaves 9-12 by 3£ in.,
glossy on both surfaces ; dots inconspicuous ; nerves indistinct above, the primary ones
few prominent beneath and uniting more or less distinctly within the margin, some-
times in double loopings ; petiole stout, channelled above, \-^ in. Flowers large
and handsome. Calyx-tube f in. ; lobes unequal, rounded, with membranous edges,
the larger pair f in. long. Petals large, suborbicular, glandular. Stamens numerous,
about 1 in. in length. Style long, persistent, nearly equalling the stamens. Fruit
large and juicy, very generally eaten, but insipid (Roxburgh). — In a cultivated spe-
cimen from Chittagong the leaves are distinctly pellucid-punctate with large glands.

Vab. purpurea ; fruit ovoid dark purple. E. purpurea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37 ; Fl.
Ind. ii. 483; Wight 111. ii. 14; Ic. ii. 549. J. purpurea, Wall. Cat. 3610. J.
domestica, var. purpurea, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 92 ; Mia. 1. c. — J . nigra, Rumph. Amb.
125, t. 38, fig. 1?

4. S. polypetala, Wight III. ii. 14 ; Ic. t. 610 ; leaves ternate linear-
lanceolate, peduncles lateral 3-4-flowered, corolla many-petalled. Wall. Cat.
3616 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 69 ; For. Fl. Brit.
Burm. i. 493. E. salicifolia, Buch. Cat. 37. E. angustifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind.
490.

Silhet, Wallich ; Khasia Mts., Griffith ; Chittagong, Roxburgh.

A small tree. Leaves 4-5 in. by nearly an inch in width, midrib and lateral nerves
prominent beneath, uniting close within the margin. Flowers smaller than those of
E. diospyrifolia. Calyx-tube broad, and rather more than | in. long when in flower.
— Roxburgh says (1. c.) that this flowers in March and April, and the fruit ripens in
June and July; it is readily known by its many (12-16) petals and the ternate
leaves. Allied to Jambosa cemula, Blume, and J. media, Korth.

** Flowers terminal and axillary.

t Calyx-tube broadly turbinate. .

§ Calyx % in. or more in

5. E. diospyrifolia, Wall. Cat. 3617 ; leaves long and narrow ovate-
lanceolate or oblong acutely acuminate cordate at the base and nearly sessile,
flowers terminal few, calyx-tube about f in. long produced beyond the ovary,
lobes very broad.

Silhet, Wallich; Khasia, Griffith.

Leaves 6-7 by 1| in. pale coloured and with a yellowijsh tinge beneath. — Allied to
E. Munronii, but the lateral nerves of the leaf are much less prominent beneath and
do not form by their union such a distinct intramarginal one ; the flowers are fewer
on shorter peduncles, and the calyx-tube is broader above and not so attenuated
below. 0

6. E. Munronii, Wight III. ii. 14 ; Ic. t. 546 ; leaves shortly petioled
narrowly lanceolate obtusely acuminate somewhat cordate at the base very
coriaceous, nerves prominent beneath ^uniting in a thick waving intramarginal
one, cymes terminal, flowers large reddish or white, calyx-tube attenuated

Eucjenia.~] lix. MYRTACEiE. (J. F. Dutbie.) 473

CVc

below. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cix. Jambosa samarangensis, var. hetero-
-morpha, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 96. J. alba, var. beteromorpha, Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. pt. i. 415.

Khasia Mts., Griffith, J. D. H. & T. T. ; Kurg Mts., Munro ; Nilghiris
Gardner.

A middling-sized tree, 12-20 ft. in height. Leaves 6-9 by f-3 in. Calyx-lobes
somewhat membranous. — Some of the Khasia specimens appear to be intermediate
between this and E. aquea : the leaves are less attenuated at the apex, and not quite
so prominently nerved ; the flowers are rather larger than in either, and the calyx
not so slender below as in typical examples of this species.

7. E. aquea, Burm. Fl. Ind. 114: leaves nearly sessile ovate oblong or
ovate-lanceolate often cordate at the base, cymes terminal and from the upper
axils shortly peduncled 3-7-flowered, fruit turbinate flattened at both ends.
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 492 ; Wall. Cat. 3613 Sc 3614 A. & B. ; Wight
III. ii. 14 ; Ic. t. 550 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cix. ; Kurz in Journ. As.
Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. (1877) pt. ii. p. 69 ; For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 494. E.
javanica, Lam. Diet. iii. 200, in part. Jambosa aquea, DC, W. fy A. Prodr.
l. 332 excl. Humph, t. 39 ; Blume Mus. Bot. 102 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
421 ; Thwaites Enum. 115 ; Berg in Fl. Brazil xiv. pt. i. 378. J. madagascar-
iensis, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 103 ? Cerocarpus aqueus, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bog.
262 ; Bot. Zeit. (1814) 593. Myrtus javanica, Blume Bijd. 1084.— Humph.
Herb. Amb. i. 126, t. 38, f. 2.

Chittagong, Ava, Pegu, Martaban, and Tenasserim (apparently only planted,
Kurz). — Ceylon, ascending to 5000 ft.

A middling-sized tree, 20-30 ft., much-branched, variable in the form of its
foliage, the shape of the calyx-tube, and the colour of the flowers. Bark smooth, ash-
coloured. Leaves coriaceous, black-dotted, l£-2£ by 1-1 1 in. ; midrib prominent be-
low, primary nerves 8-10 on each side forming inconspicuous loops near the mar-
gin. Flowers large, white, red, or pale purple. Calyx-tube turbinate or cylindrical,
about 1 in.

8. E. densiflora, DC. Prodr. iii. 287 under Jambosa-, leaves petioled
oblong or oblong-lanceolate rounded at both ends or shortly acuminate the
apex coarsely nerved and reticulated, cymes compact terminal, flowers 2 43
together on short pedicels, " calyx and petals tinned with clear rose-colour,
filaments long rose-coloured " (Maingay MSS.), fruit nearly spherical 2-seeded.
E. corymbosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 497 ; Wight Ic. t. 627 ? Jambosa densiflora,
Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. i. 200 ; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 93 ; Miq. Anal. Ind.
i. 17 , Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 416. Myrtus densiflora, Blume Bijd. 1087.

Malacca and Singapore, Maingay, No. 758, 760, 760£. — Distrib. Malayan
Islands.

Upper branches stout, 4-gonous, with reddish bark peeling off in shreds. Leaves
from 4 to upwards of 10^- by- 1^—3 in., slightly polished above, often conspicuously
dotted beneath ; midrib stout ; primary nerves distinct on both surfaces, prominent
beneath and uniting to form two conspicuous intramarginal nerves ; petiole f in.
Branches of inflorescence thick and 4-gonous, often articulated and breaking up into
cubical segments. Calyx-tube turbinate, f in. ; lobes 4, large, rounded, with mem-
branous edges, opposite pairs equal. Style long, persistent. Fruit ^ in. in diam.,
crowned with the persistent calyx-lobes.— Allied to E. Jambos, from which it differs
in the shape and nerving of the leaves, smaller flowers and more unequal calyx-lobes.
The leaves of the Sincapore specimens are much smaller and less distinctly punctate
below. Miquel says (Fl. Ind. Bat. 1. c.) " seems to be the same as E. corymbosa,
Eoxb. (Wight Ic. ii. 627)," but the petals in ^Roxburgh's coloured fig. No. 1143 are
bright yellow.

&

474 lix. myrtaceje. (J. F. Duthie.) [Eugenia.

9. E. Jambos, Linn. ; leaves narrowly lanceolate acuminate attenuated
at the base into a short petiole coriaceous midrib stout nerves prominent below
and uniting within the margin in a distinct and continuous one, racemes short
terminal, flowers large white, calyx-tube turbinate, berry subglobose crowned
with the 4 persistent calyx-lobes. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 494 ;

Wall. Cat. 3615 ; Wight IU. ii. 14 ; Ic. t. 435 (vulgaris) ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal.

Gen. ex. ; Brandis For. Fl. 233. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. (1877)
pt. ii. p. 69; For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 495. Jambosa vulgaris, DC. ; Blume
Mus. Bot. i. 93 ; W 8f A. Frodr. i. 332 ; Bot. Mag. 3356 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i.

t. i. 425 ; Berg in Fl. Brazil vol. xiv. pt. i. 377. Myrtus Jambos, Kunth ;
orth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. i. (1846) 200 ; Blume Bijdr. 1085.— Humph.
Herb. Amb. i. 123 ; Rheede Hort. Mai. i. 27, f. 17.

Indigenous in the Sikkim Teeai {Brandis) ; Burma (cult, only Kurz), Pegu,
McClelland ; Penang, Wallich. — Distbib. Yunan to Australia. (Said to be natura-
lised at Hong Kong).

A moderate-sized tree ; branchlets compressed or sub-4-gonous. Leaves variable
in length, lJp-2 in. broad ; nerves reticulate beneath ; midrib stout ; petiole short
and stout, \ in. or less. Calyx-tube produced above the ovary ; lobes round. Berries
1-2 in. diara.

Vab. divaricata ; branchlets stout distinctly 4-gonous, cymes terminal and from
the upper axils dense subsessile, branches stout spreading. Penang (Maingay, 735).
— This resembles E. densiflora in its inflorescence.

10. E. macrocarpa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. Ind. 497; leaves
shortly petioled lanceolate acuminate narrowed at the base rounded or subcor-
date coriaceous minutely dotted, midrib and nerves very prominent beneath and
uniting in conspicuous double marginal loopings, interspaces reticulate, cymes
compact terminal and lateral subsessile, flowers sessile, bracteoles persistent at
the nodes, calyx-tube turbinate narrow below, limb suboctofid, lobes unequal,
berry globose. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. (1877) pt. ii. p. 68 ; For. FL
Brit. Burm. i. 492 ; Wight Ic. t. 612. Jambosa macrocarpa, Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. pt. i. 417. J. coarctata, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 99.

Assam and Chittagong, Wallich ; Cachab, Keenan ; Motjlmein, Falconer ; Ma-
lacca, Griffith, Maingay (736 Kew Distrib.) ; Pegu and Mabtaban, ascending to
2000 ft., Falconer, Brandis. — Distbib. Malay Archipelago.

Branchlets 4-gonous. Leaves rarely subalternate, or in threes, 5-10 by £-4 in. —
In Maingay's Malacca specimens the angles of the branchlets are winged, and the bark
is of a reddish colour ; the petioles are stout, rather less than f in. ; calyx-tube | in. ;
style long and persistent. Eoxburgh describes the fruit as about the size of an
orange, and resembling that of Dillenia indica ; it is eaten, and ripens in August and
September. In Eoxburgh's figure a section of the fruit shows it to be 5- seeded. The
leaves are drawn too acute. Keenan describes it as being rather a tall tree with short
horizontal branches ; buds roundish, rosy ; the bruised leaves smell like cinnamon,
and the stamens are clove-scented. In Griffith's plant the calyx-tube is finely striate,
and there is a slight constriction near the middle.

11. E. javanica, Lamk. Diet. iii. 200; leaves subsessile elliptic-oblong
rounded at the apex or obtusely acuminate rounded or subcordate at the base,
cymes axillary and terminal shorter than the leaves long-peduncled lax many-
flowered, flowers white, berries depressed-turbinate. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. xlvi. (1877) pt. ii. p. 69 ; For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 494. E. alba, Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 39 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 493 ; Wall. Cat. 3614 O. Jambosa alba, Rumph.
Herb. Amb. i. 127, t. 39 ; W. 8? A. Frodr. i. 332 ; Wight III. ii. 14; Ic. t. 548 ;
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 413 in part. J. samarangensis, DC. Frodr. iii. 286 ;
Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. i. 201; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 95; Bijd. 1084

Eugenia.'] lix. myetaceje. (J. F. Duthie.) 475

(Myrtus) ; Berg in Fl. Brazil vol. xiv. pt. i. 377. J. macrophylla, DC. Prodr.
I.e. in part.

Malacca, Griffith; Andaman and Nicobab Islands, Kurz. — Distrib. Malay
Islands.

A tree ; trunk rarely sp*aight and soon divided, branchlets terete or terete-com-
pressed. Leaves 5-6^ by 1|-2| in., or larger in cultivated examples; nerves indis-
tinct above, slender but prominent beneath and uniting in loops within the margin.
Calyx-tube turbinate, about £ in., slender below ; lobes 4, rather unequal, membranous
at the edges. Berry size of a medlar, white or red. — This tree, according to Mr. Kurz,
flowers in March and April, and the fruit ripens in May and June.

Vab. Boxburghiana, Wall. MSS. (sp.); leaves shortly petioled cordate at the
base rounded at the apex, cymes compact terminal. E. decora, Wall. Cat. 3608.
Chittagong.

12. E. pendens, Duthie ; young branches terete, leaves shortly petioled
oblong or ovate-lanceolate narrowed below obtusely acuminate subcoriaceous
pellucid-punctate, principal lateral nerves prominent beneath and widely
separated, cymes terminal and axillary 5-7-flowered, flowers large the lower
ones long pedicelled, calyx-tube turbinate.

Malacca, Griffith, 2349, Maingay, 747.

" Kather a small tree with pendent branches " (Griffith). Leaves shining a little
on the upper surface, 5-8 by 2-3A in. ; nerves indistinct above prominent beneath,
uniting in a distinct looping one within the margin ; petiole § in. Peduncles equalling
the petioles or a little longer ; lower pedicels about £ in. Calyx-tube § in. ; lobes
4, rounded, with membranous edges, opposite pairs equal, refiexed after flowering.
Petals large, orbicular. Style very long, l£in., persistent.

§§ Calyx less than £ in. in length.

a. Flowers pedicelled.

13. E. Wallichii, Wight Bl. ii. 17; Ic. t. 536; leaves lanceolate or
elliptic-oblong acuminate acute at the base dark and shining above, lateral nerves
uniting twice within the margin, cymes corymbose axillary and terminal shorter
than the leaves, calyx-tube suddenly contracted at the base lobes prominent per-
sistent, petals frequently expanding before falling, berries oblong. 0. bifaria,
Colebr. in Wall. Cat. 3606. E. prsecox, Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 488 ? ; Wight Ic. t.
619 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. (1877) pt. ii. p. 66 ; For. Fl. Brit.
Burm. i. 483.

Sikkim, J. B. H. ; Khasia and Bhotan, Griffith ; Assam, Masters ; Silhet,
J. D. H. $T.T.; Chittagong, Boxburgh, J. B. H. $ T. T. ; Mergui, Griffith.

A tree ; branchlets stcut, quadrangular. Leaves 4£ by If in., coriaceous, rusty-
coloured beneath ; petiole about \ in. Flowers white. Calyx-tube about \ in. long.
Stamens about 4 times the length of the calyx. Style long, persistent. Berry about
£ in., crowned with the cup-shaped calyx-limb.^ — In Roxburgh's figure of E. prmcox
the inflorescence is more branched and the £&wers rather smaller ; the leaves are
drawn acutely acuminate.

Vab. lance&folia ; leaves rounded at the base?- petiole much shorter ; E. lancese-
folia, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 37 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 494. Silhet Forests, Boxburgh. Chitta-
gong, J. B. H. $ T. T.

j3. Floivers sessile.

14. E. g r andis, Wight Bl. ii. 17 ; Ic. t. 614 ; leaves large thick hard
and coriaceous shining broadly obovate or suborbicular abruptly acuminate or

476 lix. myrtace^. (J. F. Duthie.) [Eugenia.

rounded at the apex narrowed or rounded at the base, nerves prominent "beneath
or on both surfaces, panicles terminal and axillary not exceeding the leaves,
flowers large, calyx-tube turbinate attenuated below, petals free and expanding,
berry globose or somewhat pyriform crowned with the large spreading cup-like
calyx-Umb. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cvii. ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
xlvi. (1877) pt. ii. p. 67 ; For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 489. E. firma, Wall. Cat.
3603; not of DC. Jambosa grandis, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 108. J. firma, Blume
I. c. J. urceolata, Korth. in Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 418 in part. Syzygiuni
grande, Walp. Repert. ii. 180; not of Wall. Cat. 3554. E. cymosa, Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 37 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 492 ; not of Lam. S. flrmum, Thwaites Enum. 417.
S. montanum, Thwaites I. c. 116.

Silhet, Wallwh; Pegu, Mabtaban, and Tenassebim, Brandis; Moulmein and
Mebgtji, Griffith ; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay ; Sincapore, Walker ; Ceylon,
Thwaites, ascending to 4000 ft. — Distbib. Borneo, &c.

A large tree. Leaves 4-8 by 3-3^ in. ; lateral nerves sometimes forming double
loopings within the margin; petiole f-1 in. Calyx-lobes short, rounded, unequal. Ber-
ries 1 in. to \\ in. —Blume distinguishes his J. firma specifically by the nerves not
being impressed on the upper surface, and by the more unequal calyx-lobes. The
Ceylon specimens have the leaves very much polished, the lateral nerves more numer-
ous and uniting closer to the margin, the cymes more lax and fewer-flowered. A
plant from Amherst named E. ficifolia, MSS. in Herb. Wallich 3603 B, has the
leaves very large and more rounded at the base.

15. 32. lepidocarpa, Wall. Cat. 3618 in part ; leaves broadly ovate or
elliptic-oblong abruptly acuminate or rounded at the apex shining above, nerves
prominent on both surfaces, interspaces finely reticulate, panicles terminal few-
flowered, flowers sessile, calyx £ in. campanulate spreading above, petals free and
spreading. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 68. E. grandis, var.
lepidocarpa, For. Fl. Brit. Burin, i. 490. Syzygium palembanicum, Miq. Fl.
Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 313.

Pegu and Tenassebim, Brandis ; Malaya, Griffith, Maingay ; SnsCAPOBE, Wallich.
— Distbib. Sumatra.

Branchlets greyish, more or less compressed at the nodes. Leaves thick, coria-
ceous, smaller than those of E. grandis ; midrib furrowed above, stout beneath ; petiole
about £ in. Panicle branches angular, much compressed below the nodes. Calyx
pedicel-like below ; lobes rather unequal, rounded, with membranous edges. Berries
about £ in., subglobose, crowned with the cup-like calyx-limb, often prominently
ribbed longitudinally.

Vab. minor ; leaves and flowers smaller, panicles axillary and terminal,* flowers
crowded in umbel-like heads. — The leaves resemble those of E. mangifolia and the
inflorescence has more the habit of E. Wallichii. — Malaya, Griffith (2416).

15*. S. Beddomei, Duthie ; leaves crowded broadly ovate abruptly
attenuate below very coriaceous polished above, midrib and stout lateral nerves
prominent beneath freely anastomosing towards the margin and uniting at some
distance from it, inflorescence elongate, branches acutely 4-gonous, petals free.

Tinnevelly Hills ; alt. 5000 ft., Beddome.

A large tree. Leaves 4^ by 3 in., rounded or emarginate at the apex ; petiole
| in. or less, stout ; midrib channelled above. Flowers like those of E. grandis.

16. IS. tetraedra, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 310 (Jambosa ?) ; branch-
lets compressed acutely 4-gonous or the older ones subterete, leaves broadly
elliptic often folded very coriaceous shining above rusty coloured beneath,
nerves prominent on both surfaces, cymes terminal and axillary with divaricate

Eugenia.'] lix. mybtace^. (J. F. Duthie.) 477

branches, calyx-tube about £ in. gradually tapering to the base, lobes 4 pro-
minent, petals free or slightly united, berry ovoid or subglobose size of cherry.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay, 732. — Distrib. Sumatra.

A large tree. Leaves 3-6 by 1^-2 \ in. ; lateral nerves uniting close to the margin;
petiole ^ in. Branches of inflorescence flattened below the flowers. Calyx-lobes with
pale membranous edges. — Kurz in a MS. note on a specimen in the Calcutta Her-
barium suspects that this is the E. tetraedra of Miquel, but with some hesitation on
account of the terete branchlets. The examination of a more complete series of
specimens in the Kew Herbarium enables me to confirm his suspicion.

17. E. pachyphylla, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. 332 (1873);
For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 490; leaves obovate or obovate-oblong more or less
cuneate at the base acuminate thick and coriaceous, flowers usually solitary or
in threes sessile arranged in short stout terminal 3-chotomous panicles, branches
4-gonous articulate, calyx about % in. long obconical attenuate below, lobes
4 rounded persistent.

Tenasserim, Brandis, alt. 3000 ft. Malacca ; Griffith, Maingay.
A tree. Branchlets white. Leaves 3-4 in., turning dark when dried ; lateral
nerves slender, prominent, distant ; petiole thick, |-| in. — Flowers in April.

18. E. tristis, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlii. 233 (1873) ; For.
Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 490; leaves elliptic or elliptic-obovate acute at the base
obtusely apiculate coriaceous, panicles corymbose terminal sessile, branches
short stout, berry size of cherry depressed-globose crowned with the 4-lobed
discoid calyx-limb.

Tenasserim, Brandis.

A tree. Branchlets terete, thick, pale brown. Leaves 4-5 in., opaque ; lateral
nerves rather distant, stout, prominent. Berry 2- or 1 -seeded. Calyx-lobes £ in. (in
fruit) rounded.

ft Calyx-tube hemisphei'iccd.

19. E. hemispherica, Wight HI. ii. 14; Ic. t. 525; leaves opposite
rarely subalternate petioled ovate-lanceolate or oblanceolate narrowed towards the
base acuminate at the apex or often rounded, cymes axillary and terminal solitary
or in pairs shorter than the leaves, calyx-tube short semiglobose, disk 4-gonal,
petals large orbicular reflexed glandular, berry spherical. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t.
cciii. Strongylocalyx hemisphericus, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 90. Thioaites Enum.
116.

From S. Canara to Cape Comorin, at about 3000 ft. alt.,KuRG Mts., Anamallay
and Tinnevelly Ghats, Beddome. Ceylon, up to alt. 4000 ft., Thwaites.

A large tree, upper branches subtetragonous. Leaves minutely dotted, 2-6 by
f-2 in. ; nerves inconspicuous above more prominent beneath, and uniting within the
margin but not very regularly, with sometimes a second but fainter nerve close to the
edge; petiole §-£ in. Inflorescence pyramidal. Peduncles 6-9-flowered. Flowers
large, white, varying in size. Berries about 1 in. in diam. — This species varies much
in the shape of the leaves and in their appearance when dried. The timber is useful
for various purposes.

20. E. lanceolaria, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. Ind. ii. 494; leaves
shortly petioled narrowly lanceolate, flowers terminal about 15 together corym-
bose fascicled, berries irregularly round lobate. Wight. Ic. t. 613.

Silhet, " Roxburgh"

A small tree 10-12 ft. in height. Flowers very large, rosy, and somewhat

478 lix. myrtacejj. (J. F. Duthie.) [Eugenia.

fragrant. Fruit size of small apple, not eaten. — Col. Beddome believes it to be closely
allied to E. hemispherica. I hare not seen specimens.

ftt Calyx-tithe slender, conical or clavate.
§ Flowers on long slender pedicels.

21. IS. bifaria. Wall. PI. As. Rar. ii. 47, t. 161, not of Wall. Cat.
3606 ; leaves very shortly petioled crowded oblong acuminate rounded at the
base shining and convex above, lateral nerves uniting at some distance from the
margin in two conspicuous ones, corymbs axillary solitary branched few-
flowered, calyx-tube clavate narrowed into a slender pedicel, lobes 4 roundish
unequal, berry oval about 1 in. long crowned with the incurved calyx-lobes.
Wight HI. ii. 14; Ic. t. 609. E. laurifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 92; Fl. Ind. ii.
489 ; Wall. Cat. 3605. Jambosa bifaria, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 422. J.
laurifolia, DC. Prodr. iii. 287.

Silhet Mts., Wallich.

A tree, quite glabrous ; branches terete or alternately compressed, or the ultimate
ones obscurely 4-gonous, swollen at the nodes, ashy-coloured. Leaves about 5 in.,
twice or three times longer than the internodes ; nerves prominent beneath nearly
transverse ; petiole terete, £ in. Corymbs rather lax, two or three times shorter
than the leaves, shortly peduncled. Flowers large, white, on slender pedicels. Petals
orbicular, shortly clawed, twice as large as the calyx-lobes, minutely crenulate. Sta-
mens numerous, long, spreading. Berry pendulous, l£ in. long, yellow. — In some
of Wallich's specimens named E. laurifolia the corymbs appear to be terminal.

22. E. filiformis, Wall MSS.-, leaves petioled rather small nearly
ovate with a broad obtuse acumen coriaceous pellucidly dotted, cymes laxly
racemose terminal or lateral, flowers solitary on long slender pedicels, calyx-
tube turbinate or subcylindrical, lobes nearly equal, berries ovoid or roundish
crowned with the 4 reflexed calyx-lobes 2-seeded. Syzygium filiforme, Wall.
Cat. 3580. S. capillare, Wall. Cat. 3578.

Sincapore and Penang, Wallich ; Malaya, Maingay, Griffith.

Upper branches slender, rod-like, Wete, or subcompressed at the nodes. Leaves
2-3 by l£-l£ in. ; midrib prominent beneath, lateral nerves spreading out nearly at
right angles with the midrib ; petiole about \ in. Pedicels ] £ in. Calyx-tube \ in.
Berries ^ in. long by f in. — One of Maingay's specimens has a much longer almost
cylindrical calyx-tube. Wallich's E. (Syz.) capillaris seems to be only a state of E.
filiformis with thinner narrower leaves, shorter pedicels, and smaller flowers.

23. E. K.urzii, Duthie in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. (1877) pt. ii. p. 68 ;
Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 491 ; leaves more or less broadly lanceolate
acute or attenuate at the base obtusely acuminate coriaceous pale beneath,
flowers rather small white peduncled arranged in short axillary racemes or at
the axils of fallen leaves, calyx-tube clavate-turbinate spreading above, lobes 4
rounded persistent, petals free, berry globose size of pea. E. cerasiflora, Kurz
in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. (1873) 233 ; not of Miguel.

Sikkim, alt. 1-5000 ft., J. D. H. ; Assam, Jenkins; Kha.sia Mts., Kurz; Mishmi,
Griffith ; Cachak, Keenan ; Pegu and Martaban, Kurz.

A large tree 90-100 ft. Branchlets white, compressed or subtetragonous. Leaves
4-7 in., shining a little on the upper surface ; lateral nerves slender but prominent ;
petiole f— £ in. Cymes about 5-flowered. Calyx-tube £-£ in., the produced portion
£ in. ; lobes £ in., reflexed after flowering. Petals % in. Filaments slender. Style
persistent. Berry J-| in., 1-2-seeded, smooth, crowned with the spreading calyx-

Eugenia.] lix. myetace^. (J. F. Duthie.) 479

limb. — The Assam specimens have smaller flowers and a more slender calyx-tube.
No. 2356 of Griffith's collection from E. Bengal ? differs from the above in having
nearly sessile leaves and flowers. It is probably distinct, but the specimen is too
incomplete, and the locality somewhat doubtful.

24. S. albiflora, Duthie in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. (1877) pt. ii. 68 ;
Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 491 ; leaves obovate or nearly ovate shortly and
bluntly acuminate acute at the base, cymes from the upper axils or termi-
nating older shoots few-flowered shorter than the leaves, calyx-tube narrow and
slender below, lobes 4 rounded or subacute, petals united white,

Bubma, alt. 1000 ft., Griffith (2419).

A small tree with terete branchlets. Leaves 3-5 by 2-2£ in., smooth, pale and
indistinctly nerved above ; lateral nerves rather distant and prominent beneath faintly
uniting within the margin, interspaces finely reticulate ; petiole g- in. '* Buds white
{Griffith MSS.). Calyx-tube about £ in. long.

§ § Pedicels shorter and more erect.

25. E. fusiformis, Duthie) young branches 4-gonous, leaves petioled
obovate-lanceolate cuneate below subcoriaceous pellucid-punctate, lateral nerves
rather close, cymes terminal compact branches angular and somewhat winged,
flowers 2 or 3 together on short pedicels, calyx-tube narrowly fusiform much
produced above the ovary.

Malaya, Maingay No. 743.

Bark yellowish. Leaves 4^ by 3 in., shining a little above, minutely dotted ;
midrib and nerves dark-coloured ; lateral nerves uniting within the margin ; petiole
about f in. Calyx-tube £ in. in length and £ in. across at the widest part ; lobes 4,
rounded, reflexed after flowering. Style persistent, exserted portion equalling the
calyx-tube. — Closely allied to No. 2236 of Beccari's Borneo plants.

26. E. laeta, Ham. in Trans. Wem. Soc. v. 338 {excl. syn. Rumph.) ;
leaves rather thin shortly petioled ovate-lanceolate attenuated at the base with
a longish obtuse acumen pellucid-punctate, primary nerves directed upwards
not distinctly uniting within the margin, peduncles terminal and axillary 1-
few-flowered often jointed in the middle, calyx-tube long cylindrical tapering
to the base, stamens crimson or purple numerous exceeding the large rounded
petals, berry ovoid. Jambosa laeta, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 104.

Moist "Western Ghat forests from Bombay southwards, Hamilton, Beddome, Gibson,
Ritchie, Stocks.

A small or middling-sized tree; branchlets terete, Leaves 4-5 by 1^-lf in.,
secondary nerves crossing the primary ones more nearly at right angles with the mid-
rib ; petiole \ in. Flowers large, 2-3 in. when expanded, crimson or white. Calyx-
tube f-1 in. ; lobes rounded, unequal, reflexed when in flower. Petals white,
glandular. Style l^in. persistent. — Hamilton's type specimen in the British Museum
from Mysore is certainly identical with the Western Ghat specimen named S. pauci-
flora in the Kew Herbarium.

Vae. pauciflora, Wight 111. ii. 15 ; Ic. t. 526 (sp.) ; pedicels solitary from the
extreme axils 1 -flowered. Jambosa pauciflora, Dalz. Sf Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 94. E.
Wightii, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cix. — Courtallum, Wight.

27. E. cylindrica, Wight. III. ii. 14 ; Ic. t. 527 ; ultimate branches
terete, leaves shortly petioled ovate-lanceolate acuminate coriaceous minutely
pellucid-punctate, primary nerves prominent beneath forming double loops
within the margin, cymes terminal or from the upper axils 3-8-flowered shorter

480 Lix. MYRTACE2E. (J. F. Duthie.) [Eugenia.

than the leaves, calyx-tube cylindrical tapering to the "base constricted near the
apex, fruit subspherical urceokte. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 202 ; Anal. Gen. cix. Jam-
bosa cylindrica, Thioaites JEnum. 115.

. Ceylon, ascending to 3000 ft., Walker, Thwaites.
A moderate-sized tree. Leaves 4-6 by l£-lf in. The nervation forms a charac-
teristic feature in this species, the lateral nerves uniting in a double system of intra-
marginal loopings, the inner one being situated about half-way between the midrib and
the margin ; petiole \-% in. Flowers large, \ to nearly 1 in. diam., white, turning to
purple. Calyx-tube f to nearly 1 in. long. Petals orbicular, dotted. Fruit |-f in.
diam. — Blume (Mus. Bot. i. 114) compares this with his Clavimyrtus virens ; but the
latter is distinguished by a more contracted inflorescence and the calyx shorter and
less attenuated below.

28. E. ramosissima, Wall. Cat. 3604; leaves lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate attenuated towards the base acuminate subcoriaceons pellucid-punc-
tate, cymes axillary and terminal much branched, branches spreading, calyx-tube
clavate or narrowly obconical, lobes rounded nearly equal, petals densely glan-
dular. Clavimyrtus ramosissima, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 115.

Sikkim, J. B. H. Silhet, Wallich. Khasia Mts., Griffith.

A tree ; branchlets terete, with a pale yellow bark. Leaves 3-4 by about 1-1^ in.,
shining above, obscurely dotted, with a long acumen, narrowing at the base into a
short petiole, reticulate-nerved beneath ; midrib prominent ; primary nerves few,
slender, uniting in a looping one within the margin. Calyx-tube § in., tapering
gradually to the base with nearly straight sides. — This species resembles Jamhosa
glabrata DC. but differs in the less slender and more branched peduncles ; the leaves
are narrower at the base and the nerves are more prominent.

29. 22. Helferi, Duthie ; upper branches 4-gonous, leaves shortly petioled
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate coriaceous pellucid-dotted, nerves
inconspicuous primaries numerous uniting within the margin, interspaces
finely reticulate, cymes terminal and from the upper axils branched shorter than
the leaves, calyx-tube clove-shaped \ in., lobes 4, opposite pairs equal.

Mergtji, Heifer (2118). Sincapore, Lobb.

Bark of upper branches and of inflorescence reddish, deciduous. Leaves 3£-4 by
1-li in. ; petiole about \ in. — Allied to J. Teysmanni, Miq. and E. ramosissima ; from
the latter it differs in having thicker leaves, the primary nerves much closer and less
prominent beneath, but with a more distinctly continuous marginal one, branches of
the inflorescence more erect, and flowers smaller.

30. E. mang itolia. Wall. Cat. 3619 ; leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate
thick coriaceous nervation prominent on both surfaces interspaces finely reticu-
late, cymes axillary and terminal corymbose, flowers large numerous, calyx-tube
fin. dilated above, petals free. E. reticulata, Wight III. ii. 16 ; Ic. t. 541.

Assam, Griffith, G. Mann; Silhet, Wallich; Khasia Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft.,
J. B. H.$T.T.

Branchlets terete. Leaves 3-5 by 1-2 in., shining above ; lateral nerves uniting
close to the margin sometimes in two continuous ones. Calyx much produced above
the ovary. — This differs from E. inophylla in the more prominent nerves of the leaves
and in the shape of the calyx. Miquel (Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 435) speaks of it as
being closely related to Jambosa conferta, Korth.

31. E. inophylla, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. Ind, ii. 496; leaves
shortly petioled ovate-oblong with an acute base obtusely acuminate closely
nerved dark above and shining, cymes terminal corymbose, calyx clove-shaped,

Eugenia.] lix. myrtace^e. (J. F. Duthie.) 481

lobes 4-5 short obtuse, petals 4-5 distinct, berries pyriform. Wight III. ii.
17; Ic. t. 623. Syzygium inophyllum, DC. Prodr. iii. 260; Wall. Cat. 3600,
in part. Jambosa inophylla, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 433. Oalvptranthes
obtusifolia, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3600 B.

Silhet, Wallich ; Mergui, Griffith ; Singapore and Penang, Wallich.

A tree. Trunk straight. Young branches terete-compressed, polished. Leaves
upwards of 4f by 2£ in., thickly coriaceous ; lateral nerves rather close, spreading
transversely ; petiole" about \ in. Calyx \ in. — In Wallich's specimens (3600) the
petals appear to be calyptrate. Although resembling the clove -tree it possesses no
kind of fragrance : the large pear-shaped berries are not eatable (Eoxburgh).

Sect, II. Syzygium. Flowers small, in compact cymes. Calyx without
a thickened staminal disk, tube turbinate rarely elongate ; limb 4-5-lobed, or
truncate. Petals usually calyptrate. Berries small, globose pyriform or oblong,
1-2-seeded (to p. 500).

• Cymes terminal and axillary, rarely from leafless axils (to p. 496).

f Petals usually free (to p. 488).

§ Calyx short, turbinate or subcylindrical.

% Berries globose or subglobose.

a. Lateral nerves of leaves rather distant.

32. E. anisosepala, Duthie ; leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate lateral
nerves close uniting at some distance from the margin, cymes terminal corym-
bose, calyx-tube turbinate about £ in. lobes unequal, petals free or slightly
combined.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay 753.

"Avery large tree " (Griff.) ; branchlets terete, grey, polished. Leaves 3-3|- by
l£-l£ in., shining above, dark when dry. Inflorescence- branches sharply angled, alter-
nately compressed upwards. Inner calyx-lobes broad and petaloid, appearing to fall
early with the corolla, the two outer ones narrower and gibbous below. Style long,
persistent. — In Griffith's plant the inflorescence is more branched and longer than the
leaves, and the flowers are smaller (| in.).

33. E. G-riffithii, Duthie ; leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate narrowed at
both ends coriaceous smooth and shining above, nerves impressed above promi-
nent beneath, cymes terminal or from the upper axils, flowers 2 or 3 together at
the ends of long compressed branches, calyx-lobes unequal, petals free thick
edges membranous.

Malacca, Griffith 2375.

■ Branchlets terete. Leaves 5-6 by 2-2£ in., shortly petioled ; lateral nerves unit-
ing in conspicuous loops at some distance from the margin and with a fainter set near
the margin, interspaces reticulate. Calyx-tube about \ in.

34. X2 . Thumra, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 92 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 495 ; leaves broadly
ovate or ovate-lanceolate shortly acuminate base subacute dark and shining
above reddish beneath, lateral nerves horizontal prominent on both surfaces
uniting conspicuously within the margin, cymes terminal and axillary long-
peduncled, flowers sessile umbellate, calyx-lobes 4 rounded, petals free, berry
spherical or subpyriform. Wight Ic. t. 617 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
vol. xlvi. (1877) pt. ii. p. 67; For. Fl. i. 488. Syz. speciosum, Wall. Cat.
3568.

VOL. II. II

482 lix. MYRTACEiE. (J. F. Dutliie.) [Eugenia.

Marshy parts of Pegu forests, Kurz. Kangoon, Maingay. Amherst and Moux-
mein, Wallich ; Tenasserim, Heifer.

Branchlets terete, compressed. Leaves 5-8 by 2^-3^ in., coriaceous, reticulate
"beneath ; petiole ^ in. Branches of inflorescence lax, quadrangular, many-flowered,
bracteate. — A specimen in the Kew Herbarium underpins name (I can find no type-
specimens) is certainly Wallich's 8. speciosicm. Koxburgh's incomplete description
and unfinished drawing (No. 2510) as far as they go agree fairly well with this latter.
The flowers are sometimes 5-merous.

Var. ferruginea, Wight Ic. t. 554 (sp.); petals 8. E. octopetala, Ham. — Mergui,
Griffith.

35. E. rubens, JRoxb. Hort. Beng. 92 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 496 ; leaves shortly
petioled opposite or subalternate ovate-lanceolate shortly acuminate thinly car-
tilaginous glossy above finely nerved, panicles terminal and axillary corymbose
branches acutely angular ultimate divisions urnbelliform, petals free, berry size
of small cherry. Wight. III. ii. 17 ; Ic. t. 630 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
vol. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 67 ; For. Fl. i. 488. Jambosa Wightiana, Blume Mus.
Bot. i. 106.

Chittagong forests, Boxburgh. Tenasserim from Moulmein to Mergui, Griffith,
Kurz.

Large tree ; branchlets terete or subcompressed, white. Leaves 4^-6^ in., turning
black or reddish when dried ; lateral nerves slender, uniting distinctly within the mar-
gin ; petiole about \ in. ? Panicles on longish peduncles, but falling short of the
leaves. — Closely allied to the preceding. The leaves are of a thinner texture, the
stamens longer, and the sepals and petals larger (Kurz).

b. Lateral nerves of leaves close.

36. E. cymosa, Lam. Diet. iii. 199 ; not of Roxb. ; leaves ovate acuminate
finely and closely nerved, cymes axillary and terminal snorter than the leaves,
flowers small, calyx-tube campanulate lobes 4, petals free, berry globose size of
large pea. Wight III. ii. 17 ; Ic. t. 555 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol.
xlvi. pt. ii. p. 67; For. Fl. i. 486. Syz. caudatum, Wall. Cat. 3591. S.
vimineum, Wall. Cat. 3593?. S. concinnum, Wall. Cat. 3582. S. nelitri-
carpum, T. 8f B. in. Nat. Tydsch. Ned. Ind. xxv. S. cymosum, DC. Prodr. iii.
259 ; Korih. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. i. 202 ?. E. nigrescens, Poir. Suppl. iii.
123 ?. E. rhodomelea, Commers. in DC. Prodr. I. c. Jambosa tenuicuspis,
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 431. Myrtus cymosa, Spreng. ; Blume Bijd. 1086.

Cachar, Keenan; Silhet and Tavoy, Wallich; Burma, Griffith; Moulmein,
Heifer ; Malacca, Maingay, Griffith ; Sincapore and Pulo Dinding, Wallich, Kurz.
— Distrib. Java.

A large shrub or tree. Leaves 2-3 in., rounded at the base, smooth and
polished above, often glaucous, with a longish slender but obtuse acumen ; lateral
nerves not very distinct, uniting close within the margin ; petiole ^-\ in. Peduncles
equalling the petioles or shorter. " Berries slightly depressed at the apex, purple-
black when ripe" (Maingay MS.). — Wallich's E. concinna, which I refer here doubt-
fully, has the leaves rather longer and more oblong ; the petals appear to be free
though not expanding ; the specimens however are too incomplete for a proper deter-
mination.

Var. rostrata; leaves with a long slender acumen more prominently nerved,
lateral nerves spreading out towards the margin, petiole longer, calyx nearly truncate.
— The leaves which remain green after drying resemble those of E. verecunda.
E. rostrata, Bedd. MS. — Anamallays. Perhaps a distinct species.

37. E. toddalioides, Wight III. ii. 16 ; Ic. t. 542 ; leaves lanceolate
acuminate attenuate towards the base coriaceous pellucid-punctate, cymes lateral

Eugenia.'] lix. myrtacej;. (J. F. Duthie.) 483

di- tri-chotomous each branch 1-3-flowered, calyx-limb dilated tube contracted
not thicker than the pedicel, lobes 4 unequal shallow, petals free but not
expanding.

Sikkim, alt. 4000 ft., Gamble ? Mergvi, Griffith in Hb. Wight.

A small tree. Branchlets subterete. Leaves 2-3 by 1-lf in. ; lateral nerves many
uniting close within the margin. Flowers about \ in. — Habit of E. Gardneri and
E. lissophylla but the petioles are shorter than those of the former and the inflorescence
is different from both.

38. IS. my rtifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 490 ; leaves ellip-
tic-lanceolate acuminate very shortly petioled, nerves not conspicuous close in-
terspaces finely reticulate and punctate, cymes axillary lax on longish peduncles,
branches acutely angular, flowers about 3 together small, calyx-tube broadly
obconical or campanulate, lobes 4 conspicuous subacute, berry globular. Wight
III. ii. 15 ; Ic. t. 618 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 67 ;
For. Fl. i. 486. Syzygium myrtifolium, DC. Prodr. iii. 261; Wall. Cat.
3571 ; Miquel Anal. Ind. ii. 20 ; Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 456. 0. oleina, Wight
III. ii. 15.

E. Bengal, Griffith ; Pegu, McClelland ; Sincapore, Wallich. — Distbib. Sumatra,
Borneo.

A shrub or small tree with 4-gonous branchlets. Leaves lf-3 by |-1 in., shining
above, often rusty-red beneath. Cymes many-flowered, shorter than the leaves.
Petals free or slightly united. Style persistent, exserted portion twice the length of
the calyx-tube.— Affords a dark strong wood. ,

39. IS. micrantha, Thivaites Enum. 117 {Syzygium) ; leaves ovate or
elliptic obtusely acuminate narrow at the base obscurely dotted, cymes about
equal to the leaves, flowers small, calyx acutely 4-lobed, petals free, berries red
round size of pea. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cviii.

Ceylon, central province, alt. 3-5000 ft., Thwaites, Gardner.

A moderate-sized tree. Leaves 2-4 by f-2 in. ; petiole £ to nearly \ in. — In
Wight's herbarium there are specimens of this named E. rubicunda, which it resem-
bles in many respects.

40. S. acuminatissima, Kurz in. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. pt.
ii. p. 67 ; For. Fl. i. 487 ; leaves ovate-lanceolate acutely acuminate pale
shining indistinctly nerved above, cymes terminal and axillary lax exceeding
the leaves, flowers small, calyx broad above lobes 5, stamens short. Myrtus
acuminatissima, Bl. Bijd. 1088. Jambosa acuminatissima, Hassk. in Flm-a
(1849) 592 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 438. Syz. altissimum, Wall. Cat. 3588.

Mergo, Heifer ; Malacca, Maingay ; Penang, Porter. — Distrib. Java.

Branchlets terete or subtetragonous. Leaves 3-6 by 1^-2 in. ; lateral nerves slender
beneath ; petiole \ in. Inflorescence-hv&nches long, angular. Calyx saucer-shaped
above after flowering. Petals only slightly united. — In Heifer's plant the lateral
nerves unite at some distance from the margin with a second fainter one close to the
edge, the inflorescence is more lax and divaricate.

XX Berries oblong.

41. E. Arnottiana, Wight 111. ii. 17; Ic. t. 999; leaves elliptic-oblong
acuminate coriaceous closely nerved, cymes dense from the upper axils branches
stout, flowers subsessile in umbels of 8-12, bracteoles long caducous, petals dis-

ii 2

484 lix. myrtaces. (J. F. Duthie.) [Eugenia.

tinct, berries oblong. Bedd. Fl. Sylv.fAnal. Gen. cvii. Syzygium densiflorum,
Wall. Cat. 3601 ; W. $ A. Prodr. i. 329.

Common on the Nilghiri and Pulney Hills, alt. 6-7000 ft., Wight, &c. Ana-
mallay Mts., alt. 4000 ft., Beddome. M£

A large spreading tree, trunk low; branchlets 4-gonous. Leaves 2-3 by 1-1^ in.,
obscurely dotted, the numerous nerves uniting close within the margin ; petiole
^-nearly 1 in. Flowers cream-coloured, crimson in bud. Fruit dark purple. — Tim-
ber valuable (called " Nawal ") ; the fruit is eaten but astringent (Beddome).

Var. Benthamiana, Wight MSS. (sp.) ; leaves almost sessile cordate-amplexicaul
upper generally solitary, flowers smaller, petals apparently united. — Nilghiri Mts.,
Gardner. Perhaps distinct.

A specimen in the Kew Herbarium from the Pulney Hills (No. 254 of Beddome's
collection) I find a difficulty in placing satisfactorily. To the above species it bears
a great resemblance but for the elongate calyx-tube.

§§ Calyx elongate. '

X Floiuers axillary, racemose, calyx ^-1 in. long.

42. E. Maing'ayi, Duthie ; leaves shortly petioled long oblong-lanceo-
late acuminate rounded at the base, racemes short axillary or from the leafless
axils of the rugged lower branchlets, calyx-tube elongate clavate about § in.
glandular, lobes 4 rounded deciduous.

Malaya, Maingay 750.

01der#branchlets with rugged corky bark, upper stout, terete, reddish. Leaves
4^-7^ by lf-2J in., indistinctly nerved above, midrib stout beneath ; petiole £ in.
Style short, acute. — This plant differs from the other members of the section in the
rounded base of the leaves ; it seems to approach nearest to E. claviflora, and has a
general resemblance to E. borneensis, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 434 (Jambosa), but
the petioles of the latter are much longer.

43. E. claviflora, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 488 ; leaves lan-
ceolate narrowed at the base obtusely acuminate, corymbs lateral subsessile um-
belliform, calyx-lobes rounded, flowers clavate, berries long ovate crowned with
the cyathiform base of the calyx-limb: Wight III. ii. 15 ; Ic. t. 606 ; Kurz in
Journ, As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 65 ; For. Fl. i 480. Syzygium
claviflorum, Wall. Cat. 3575. S. longiflorum Wall. Cat. 3572. S. excavatum,
Wall. Cat. 3574.

Sekklm and Khasia Mts., alt. 2-4000 ft., J. D. H. 4" T. T.\ Silhet and Chitta-
gong, Wallich; Pegu, J&ms- ; Nicobae and Andaman Islands, Kurz; Tenasserim,
Heifer; Singapore and Penang, Wallich.

A tree. Leaves 3-6 by about l£ in., rather closely nerved. Berry about an
inch long. — In Chittagong this grows to be a stout useful timber-tree of very con-
siderable size ; it flowers in March, fruits in May ; fruit eaten (Eoxburgh). Wallich's
specimens named S. excavatum have very thick coriaceous leaves somewhat revolute
at the margin ; the berries are | in. long including £ in. of projecting calyx-limb.

44. E. leptantha, Wight III. ii. 15 ; Ic. t. 528 ; leaves from ovate-
elliptic to oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate narrowed into a very short pe-
tiole, cymes raceme-like arranged on the leafless axils or at the nodes of denuded
branches, calyx-tube long narrow clavate, limb with broad shallow teeth or
nearly truncate, berry clavate-oblong. Benth. Fl. Austral, iii. 283 (Syz.) ; Kurz
in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 65 ; For. Fl. i. 480. Syz. suavis-
simum, Wall Cat. 3573. Syzyg. Griff. Notul. 654.

Sikkim, fcot of hills, J. D. H. $ T. T. ; Pegu, Kurz; Eangoon, Cleghom; Moll-
mein, Fakoner; Mergut, Griffith; Amherst, Wallich; Sincapore and Penang,

Eugenia.] lix. myrtacej}. (J. F. Duthie.) 485

Wallich; Andaman Islands, Heifer, Kurz. — Distrib. Malay Archipelago to Aus-
tralia.

A moderate-sized tree. Leaves 4-5£ by \\ in., p ile, finely nerved. Calyx-tube
about £ in., finely attenuated towards the tase; limb dilated and much produced
beyond the ovary. Berry about ^ in.

45. S. Wig-htiana, Wight III. ii. 15 ; Ic. t. 529 ; leaves elliptic-oblong
tapering at each end, peduncles axillary or in racemes on the leafless branches
or shoots, calyx elongate clavate repandly 4-5-lobed, petals 12 or fewer by
abortion the outer ones occasionally expanding. E. lanceolata, Lam. Diet. iii.
200 ; Wight III. ii. 15; Ic. t. 530 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 284 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal.
Gen. ex. ; W. 8f A. I. c. (Syz.) ; Thwaites Enum. 119 (Acmena). Syzygium
Wightianum, Wall. Cat. 3577; W. $ A. Prodr. i. 330. Myrtus Soneratii,
Spreng. Syst. ii. 485.

Concan, Stocks ; Nilghiri and Dindygul Mts., Quilon, Wight. Ceylon, ascend-
ing to 2000 ft., Walker, Thwaites.

A very showy tree when in full blossom (Beddome). Leaves 3-5 by H in., pellucid-
dotted. Flowers nearly sessile. — This varies much in the length of the calyx-tube, and
the number of flowers. Its numerous petals give it a relation similar to E. polyipetala
in the Jambosa section.

XX Floivers in terminal and axillary corymbs. Calyx shorter.

46. 23. pellucida, Duthie; leaves narrowly oblong or oblanceolate
rounded or subacute at the apex finely and closely nerved nerves and dots pellu-
cid, cymes terminal and axillary, flowers crowded at the ends of the longish
ascending branches, calyx-tube £ in. slender below, lobes 4 prominent opposite
pairs equal. E. contracta, Wall. Cat. 3602 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol.
xlvi. pt. ii. p. 65 ; For. Fl. i. 481, not of Poir.

Martaban to Tenasserim, Heifer (2406, 2407), Kurz.

A shrub ; branchlets terete. Leaves 2-6 by about 1 in., chocolate-coloured above
when dry, paler beneath ; nerves rather prominently reticulated ; petiole \ in.
Cymes sometimes exceeding the leaves. Petals orbicular, free or slightly combined.

Var. contracta ; leaves narrower, lateral nerves directed upwards, cymes mostly
axillary and falling short of the leaves. Syz. contractum, Wall. Cat. 3602 ; not of
Poir. in DC. Prodr. iii. 259 (Eug.). — Attran river, Wallich. Mr. Kurz is of opinion
that the Martaban specimens with dry blackish and less distinctly-nerved leaves
may prove to be distinct, or may be a large and long-leaved variety of E. cuneata,
Wall.

47. IS. zeylanica, Wight III. ii. 15 ; Ic. i. 73 ; leaves ovate- or linear-
lanceolate acuminate polished above hard and coriaceous indistinctly nerved
densely glandular, cymes axillary and terminal usually compact many-flowered,
flowers white conspicuous, calyx-tube elongate-turbinate usually glandular and
pruinose, lobes 4-5 conspicuous, petals free or united in a calyptra, berry sub-
globose white. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 65 ; For. Fl.
i. 481. E. spicata, Lam. Diet. iii. 201 ; DC. I. c. (Syz.). Bedd. Fl. Sylv. i.
t. 202. E. glandulifera, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 496. Syz. zeyla-
nicum, DC. Prodr. iii. 260 ; Wall. Cat. 3564, in part ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 94. S. politum, Wall. Cat. 3626. S. Belluta, DC. I. c. 261. Acmena
zeylanica, Thwaites Enum. 118. A. parviflora, DC. I. c. 262. Jambosa brac-
teata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 437. S. corticatum, Wall. Cat. 3565. Myrtus
zeylanica, Linn. Sp. PI. 675. — Rheede Hort. Mai. v. t. 20.

Western Peninsula, from Concan southwards ; Silhet ; Malay Peninsula to
Sincapore ; Penang ; Andaman Islands, Kurz ; Ceylon, up to 4000 ft., Thwaites.
— Distrib. Sumatra, Borneo.

486 lix. mtrtacej:. (J. F. Duthie.) [Eugenia.

" A large shrub or moderate-sized tree ; young branches often acutely quadrangular
or winged. Leaves 1-5 in., varying in width from £-2 in., rounded or tapering at
the base, giving off an aroma when bruised ; petiole £-g in. Flowers in clusters
of 3-5, shortly pedicelled. Calyx and pedicels usually rough with glands. Petals soon
falling off. Berry about the size of a pea. — According to Thwaites the narrow-
leaved form is the most abundant in Ceylon.

Var. laxiflora, Bedd. 1. c. ; flowers in lax racemes, panicles exceeding the leaves.
— In a specimen collected by Col. Beddome on the Tinnevelly Hills some of the
flowers have the pedicel-like calyx-tube unusually long.

48. IS. grata, Wall. Cat. 3586 (Syzygimn) ; leaves ovate-lanceolate nar-
rowly acuminate rounded or subcuneate at the base distinctly punctate above
glaucous beneath, flowers in dense clusters terminal and axillary, calyx narrowly
campanulate smooth, berries black oval or subglobose crowned with the persis-
tent calyx-lobes. Wight III. ii. 15 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Being, vol. xlvi. pt.
ii. p. 65 ; For. Fl. i. 480. E. scabrida, Wall Cat. 3564 D. Myrtus quadran-
gularis, Ham.

Assam, Jenkins, Griffith; Khasia Mts., Griffith; Pegu, Kurz; Mottlmein,
TVallich; Mergtji, Griffith.

A small tree. Leaves 3-5 by 1-2 in., sometimes almost acutely acuminate.
Calyx-tube tapering below, pruinose, usually quite smooth or longitudinally ribbed
when dried. Berry about £ in. long. — The flowers are rather larger than those of
E. zeylanica, to which it is closely allied.

49. XS. linearis, Wall. Cat. 3596 {Syzygimn) ; leaves linear-lanceolate
acuminate subfalcate indistinctly nerved above, flowers crowded at the ends
of the branchlets, calyx campanulate pruinose limb 4-partite, petals free, berry
size of a pea crowned with the persistent calyx-lobes.

India ? Herb. Wallich (without locality).

Leaves 2-3 by ^--^ in., conspicuously dotted above ; lateral nerves distant, uniting
within the margin ; petiole about \ in. Flowers larger than those of E. zeylanica ;
pedicels equal in length to the calyx-tube. Style nearly twice as long as calyx-tube.
• — A specimen of this in Bottler's Herbarium is named Myrtus ruscifolia, Willd., and
is said to come from India.

50. E. penang-iana, Duthie ; leaves thick elliptic-obovate obtusely
acuminate attenuate at the base nerves close indistinct on both surfaces,
cymes short crowded towards the ends of year-old branches, calyx-tube nar-
rowly clavate or subcylindrical nearly ^ in. much produced lobes 4 small, petals
free ?.

Penang, Government Hill, Maingay, 744.

Branchlets terete. Leaves 2^-2| by about 1 in., brownish-yellow when dried. —
Allied to E. chlorantha, and No. 1567 of Beccari's Borneo plants.

A specimen at Kew. collected by Heifer (no locality given), comes near to this.
The calyx- tube is rather longer and more spreading above after flowering; the leaves
are of thinner texture, and more conspicuously nerved.

51. ZS. skiophila, Duthie ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate with a slender obtuse
acumen narrowed at the base subcoriaceous pellucid-punctate, calyx-lobes 4
incurved, petals small free spreading distant, berry red size of a pea.

Penang, Government Hill, Maingay, in deep shaded ravines.

A small tree, 15 ft. Branchlets terete. Leaves shortly petioled, 4|-6 by l|-2 in. ;
midrib rounded beneath ; lateral nerves close, inconspicuous above, spreading at
right angles and uniting close within the margin. Calyx-tube £ in. Stamens short.

lix. MTRTACEiE. (J. F. Duthie.) 487

52. E. chlorantha, Duthie ; leaves ovate acuminate thick opaque shin-
ing nerves numerous close, cymes in short racemes from the upper axils or ter-
minating previous year's shoots, calyx-tube \ in. cylindrical below, petals free
greenish, berry globose about ^ in. crowned with 4 rounded unequal calyx-
lobes. Syz. rigidum, Wall. Cat. 3581 \ not of DC. (Dug.).

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay, 733 ; Singapore, Wallich. — Distrib. Malay Islands.

" A very elegant tree when in flower" (Maingay MS.). Branchlets terete. Leaves
2£-5£ by 1^-3 in. ; midrib impressed above, prominent beneath; primary nerves
slender prominent on both surfaces, uniting in loops within the margin, interspaces
finely reticulate. Calyx-tube furrowed below. Petals \ in., reflexed. Filaments
bright red.

53. E. lineata, Blume Bijd. 1087 (Myrtus) ; Mus. Bot. i. 116 (Clavi-
myrtus) ; leaves lanceolate-oblong or nearly elliptic obtusely acuminate narrow
at the base, cymes axillary and terminal shorter than the leaves, calyx-tube
clavate lobes 4, petals free, berry size of large pea crowned with the constricted
calyx-limb. E. corymbosa, Wall. Cat. 3566 F. Jambosa lineata, DC. Prod?:
iii. 287 ; Miq. Fl. Did. Bat. i. pt. i. 428.

Malacca, Maingay (720), Griffith (2390 in part) ; Penang, Jack. — Distrib. Java,
Borneo, Sumatra.

A shrub or small tree. Branchlets terete. Leaves 2-3^ by 1-2 in., coriaceous,
shining above, finely nerved. Extreme branches of inflorescence 3-fl. Calyx-tube
about \ in. ; lobes about equal, persistent. Petals shortly clawed, suborbicular, twice
the calyx-lobes.

54. E. rubricaulis, Miq. Fl. Did. Bat. i. pt. i. 432 (Jambosa) ; leaves
elliptic from an acute base long and obtusely acuminate shining above, smaller
nerves and dots pellucid, cymes axillary and terminal, calyx-tube £ in. obovate-
cylindrical, lobes 4, petals free.

Tenasserim, Heifer ; Malacca, Griffith. — Distrib. Java.

Branchlets subterete, reddish. Leaves 2-3 by §-§ in., stiffly cartilaginous ; midrib
prominent beneath, tinged with red ; lateral nerves close, distinct beneath, inter-
spaces subreticulate ; petiole — -^ in., channelled above. Flowers nearly sessile.
Calyx-lobes ovate, rounded, scarious at the edges. Anthers cordate-apiculate.

55. E. pyrifolia, Wall. Cat. 3584 (Syzygium) not of Desv. \ leaves ovate
or oblong-lanceolate with a long obtuse acumen coriaceous dark and shining
above, corymbs terminal trichotomous long-peduncled, calyx-tube about \ in.
gradually tapering to the base lobes 4 shallow, petals united, berry oblong.
Syzygium pyrifolium, DC. Prodr. iii. 261 (Syzyg.) ; Forth, in Ned. Kruidk. i.
204 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i, 457. Calyptranthes pyrifolia, Blume Bijd.
1090.

Sincapore, Wallich. — Distrib. Java.

A tree. Leaves lf-3 by f-2 in. ; acumen sometimes £ in. long ; lateral nerves
close, conspicuous ; petiole about \ in. Flowers sessile, in threes. — Syz. punctulatum,
Wall, Cat. 3583, with less acuminate dull-coloured leaves, nerves less distinct, and more
elongate fruit, may perhaps belong here ; there are no flowers with the specimens.

56. E. tumid a, Duthie ; leaves oblong-ovate or obovate shortly acuminate
narrowed at the base closely nerved, cymes terminal and axillary equalling or
exceeding the leaves, calyx-tube — in. narrow swollen below the middle.

Malacca, Maingay, 755.

Branchlets terete. Leaves 2^-3^- in., chocolate-coloured above, rusty-yellow

488 lix. myrtace^. (J. F. Duthie.) [Eugenia.

beneath when dried ; lateral nerves slender, uniting close within the margin ; petiole
\ in. Panicles lax, spreading; branches acutely angular. Calyx with 4 nearly equal
shallow lobes.— The petals are probably free, though not expanding. The swollen
part of the calyx -tube is occupied by the ovary.

tt Petals usually united and falling in one piece (to p. 496).

§ Cymes terminating the young shoots (to p. 405).

J Leaves broad, oblong or lanceolate (to p. 404).

|| Branchlets 4-gonous.

57. E. montana, Wight Ic. t. 1060 ; young shoots acutely 4-angled,
leaves petioled coriaceous lanceolate with a short obtuse acumen to obovate
or orbicular obtuse, cymes terminal very numerous corymbose many-flowered
branches often leafy, flowers small sessile or subsessile, fruit globose size of a
currant. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cvii.

Nilghiri Mts., Wight, Gardner, Schmidt.

A very large tree ; branchlets winged at the angles. Leaves occasionally alternate
or subalternate, 5-6 by 2\ in., smooth and shining above; primary nerves prominent
beneath, becoming less distinct towards their union within the margin ; midrib stout,
channelled above ; petiole ^-nearly J in. Peduncles angled, often very flat and
broad. Flowers in threes at the apex of each extreme division. Calyx obtusely 4-
lobed. Petals calyptrate. Fruit purple, crowned with the calyx. — The wood is used
for building purposes, &c.

58. H. bracteolata, Wight III. ii. 15 ; Ic. t. 531 ; young branches
4-gonous angles subacute, leaves short-petioled elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate
acute or slightly acuminate at both ends pellucid-dotted, cymes terminal and
from the upper axils shorter or not much longer than the leaves, the extreme
divisions terminating in a cluster of 6-9 sessile flowers, each division and each
flower with 2 small acute bracteoles, calyx-tube conical 4-gonous, limb repandly
4-lobed. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 66 ; For. Fl. i. 482.

Tenasserim, Griffith, Heifer ; Mergtji^ Griffith ; Malacca, Maingay.

A shrub or small tree. Leaves 4^-7 by 1^-2^ in. ; midrib rather prominent be-
neath, primary nerves slender and uniting close within the margin, coriaceous, more
or less polished above, dots not conspicuous ; petiole about £ in. Branches of in-
florescence with acute angles. Flowers conspicuous, white according to Maingay.

59. E. lissophylla, Thivaites Enum. 117 (Syzygium) ; leaves ovate-
lanceolate acuminate quite smooth faintly nerved beneath pellucid-punctate, cymes
very often longer than the leaves, calyx- teeth short rounded, berry round size of
a pea. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cviii.

Concan, Stocks; Nilghiri Mts., Herb. G. Thomson; Ceylon; forests in the
Central Provinces, alt. 3-5000 ft., Thwaites.

A moderate-sized tree. Branchlets quadrangular. Leaves 1^-3 by ^ to about
1 in. ; petiole £-£ in. — This plant much resembles E. Gardneri, but can be distin-
guished by its 4 -sided branchlets, narrower leaves and shorter petioles.

60. IS. venusta, Ro.xb. Hort. Beng. 37 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 491 ; arboreous with
numerous drooping branchlets, leaves shortly petioled oblong or broadly lanceo-
late obtusely acuminate, panicles axillary rarely terminal shorter than the leaves
brachiate ultimate divisions 3-flowered, flowers myrtle-like, calyx 4-toothed,
petals 4 orbicular reddish. Wight Ic. t. 625 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
vol. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 67 ; For. Fl. i. 487.

Eugenia.] lix. myrtacej:. (J. F. Duthie.) 489

Tipperah Hills, Roxburgh ; Pegu, Kurz.

Bark dark brown, smooth. Ovary 2-celled. — Wight's figure is copied from Rox-
burgh's (Ic. 1. 1560) with the addition of a terminal panicle. Miquel (Fl. Ind. Bat. i.
pt. i. 456) compares it with Syz. Kalahiense, Korth, but the leaves of the latter are
smaller and of a different shape. In Kurz' specimens the branchlets have white
bark.

61. E. G-ardneri, Thwaites Emm. 117 (Syzygium); leaves pale green
ovate-lanceolate rostrate-acuminate faintly parallel-nerved beneath pellucid-
punctate, cymes axillary and terminal shorter than the leaves, calyx obscurely
4-toothed, berry spherical size of a small cherry.

Anamallay and Tinnevelly Ghats, up to 4000 ft. alt., Beddome ; Ceylon,
Central Provinces, alt. 2-4000 ft. alt., Thwaites.

A moderate- sized tree; branchlets terete or subtetragonous. Leaves 2^-4 by 1-H
in. ; petiole slender, about \ in. Flowers small. Petals cohering and falling to-
gether.— Very close to E. venusta, Roxb., with which Mr. Kurz unites it ; the
marginal nerves are further from the edge, and the panicles are mostly terminal and
more compact.

62. ZS. subavenis, Duthie ; leaves ovate shortly and obtusely acuminate or
retuse narrowed towards the base quite smooth on both surfaces nearly nerveless,
cymes longer than the leaves. E. umbrosa, Thivaites Enum. 118 (Syz.), not of
Berg-, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cviii.

Ceylon ; open grassy places in the Central Provinces, alt. 5-6000 ft., Thwaites.

A moderate-sized tree, very much branched ; ultimate branches 4-angled. Leaves
1-2 in. by ^-nearly an inch in width j petiole about ^ in. — This differs from E. lisso-
phylla in the shape and nervation of the leaves ; the inflorescence is similar in both
(Thwaites).

63. XS. valdevenosa, Duthie ; leaves large elliptic acuminate petioled,
midrib very prominent beneath, lateral nerves uniting to form a conspicuous mar-
ginal one interspaces finely and sharply reticulate, cymes terminal lax, calyx-
tube gradually tapering to the base quadrangular lobes shallow, berry globose
size of a small cherry crowned with the slightly projecting calyx-limb. E.
elliptica, Wall. 3587 (Syz.) ; not of Lam. nor Smith.

Penang, Wallich; Malacca, Maingay (723 & 762).

A tree, about 15 ft. high (Maingay); branchlets tetragonous. Leaves 8-13 by
3-4f in. ; primary nerves |-^ in. apart ; marginal nerves double ; petiole £ in. or
more. Branches of inflorescence angled and winged. Calyx-tube about \ in. Petals
falling together. Style persistent.

64. E. scoparia, Wall. Cat. 3594 (Syzygium) ; branchlets virgate
4-gonous leaves shortly petioled ascending elliptic-lanceolate acuminate minutely
and densely glandular lateral nerves inconspicuous, cymes ascending lax few-
flowered, flowers small, calyx squarrose very shortly 4-lobed, corolla calyptrate,
stamens short, fruit small spherical.

Sincapore, Wallich.

Leaves 2^-2f by f-1 in., reddish-brown above and yellowish beneath when dried,
margins slightly revolute ; petiole % in. Berry crowned with the remains of the calyx-
limb, wrinkled in drying. Style short, persistent in the pit formed by the produced
calyx-limb. — Resembles Syzygium avene, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 312, and per-
haps not specifically distinct.

1 1| Branchlets terete.

IF Calyx-limb almost truncate.

a. Calyx-tube shortly turbinate.

490 lix. myrtacej:. (J. F. Duthie.) [Eugenia.

65. E. crenulata, Duthie ; leaves broadly ovate-oblong or suborbicular
very thick and coriaceous shortly obtusely acuminate crenulate, nerves close
prominent on both surfaces, cjmies terminal corymbose main branches long,
calyx-limb truncate, petals united in a thick calyptra.

Malacca, Maingay, 739.

Branchlets terete. Leaves 4^-6 by 3-4 in., dull, black-dotted ; midrib stout ; late-
ral nerves uniting close within the margin, interspaces reticulated. Cymes exceeding
half the length of the leaves. Bracts small at the base of the flowers and at the joints
of the inflorescence-branches. Calyx-tube about \ in., turbinate, much produced above
the ovary. — The foliage very much resembles that of E. grandis.

66. E. venulosa, Wall. Cat. 3585 (Syzygium) ; leaves ovate or broadly
obovate obtuse or shortly acuminate attenuated below into a short petiole
very coriaceous polished above, nerves slender but prominent on both surfaces,
flowers in terminal corymbs, branches lax spreading exceeding the leaves, calyx-
tube obconical £-| in. limb nearly entire, corolla calyptrate, fruit subspherical
crowned with the circular rim of the calyx-limb.

Malacca, Wallich, Maingay 741, &c. ; Sincapore, Wallich, Walker.

Bark grey; branchlets terete. Leaves 1^-3 by 1-2 in.; primary nerves uniting
close within the margin, interspaces reticulate, dots inconspicuous ; petiole about
£ in. Main branches of inflorescence 1-2 in. Berry about \ in. in diam., longitu-
dinally furrowed. — In Maingay's plant, which I would refer here, the corolla is
rather more exserted in bud.

67. E. caryophyllaea, Wight III. ii. 15; Ic. t. 540; leaves shortly
petioled obovate spathulate rarely ovate-lanceolate obtuse or with a short blunt
acumen attenuated to the base, cymes terminal corymbose laxly trichoto-
mous, flowers small about ~ in-> fruit globose size of a pea. Bedel. Fl. Sylv.
Anal. Gen. cviii. Eugenia corymbosa, Lam. Diet. iii. 199 ; DC. Prod?', iii. 284.
Syzygium caryophyllseum, Gae?'tn. F?'uct. i. 166, t. 33 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 260 ;
Wall. Cat. 3563 ; W. # A. Prodr. i. 329 ; Miq. Anal. Ind. i. 25 ; Fl. Ind. Bat.
i. pt. i. 454 ; Thwaites Enum. 117. Oalyptranthes caryophyllata, Pers. Ench. 4.
Myrtus caryophyllata, Linn. — Rheede Hqrt. Mai. v. t. 27.

S. Canara, Law ; Travancore, Wight ; Concan, Stocks ; Nilghiri Mts., Kurzy
G. Thomson ; Ceylon up to 3000 ft. alt., Walker, Thwaites. — Distrib. Borneo.

A large shrub, or middling-sized tree ; branchlets terete. Leaves 3-4 by about
1^ in., subcoriaceous, dark above (when dried), rusty-red beneath, inconspicuously
dotted. Calyx shortly turbinate, lobes 4 shallow. — A distinct species though varying
considerably in the foliage. The fruit is eaten.

68. E. frondosa, Wall. MS. ; leaves ovate-lanceolate with a long obtuse
acumen cuneate at the base polished above lateral nerves slender prominent
on both surfaces, cymes axillary and terminal shorter than the leaves, calyx-
tube about £ in. narrow below suddenly enlarging above lobes very shallow,
petals united. Syz. venosum, DC. Prodr. iii. 260 ; Me?n. Myrt. 1. 17 ; Wall.
Cat. 3590.

Nipal, Wallich.

Branchlets terete. Leaves 3-4 by about l£ in., subcoriaceous ; petiole |-| in. —
Habit of E. mangifolia but smaller in all its parts.

69. E. areolata, DC. Prodr. iii. 260 {Syzygiuni) ; Me?n. Myrt. t. 18;
leaves elliptic cuneate at the base acuminate subcoriaceous nerves reticulate
marginal double, peduncles paniculate axillary and terminal 2 or 3 times shorter
than the leaves, buds globose, calyx quite entire, corolla calyptrate.

Eugenia.'] lix. mtrtacej;. (J. F. Duthie.) 491

Nipax, Wallich.

Very nearly related to E. frdndosa. — There are specimens in the Kew Herbarium,
probably belonging to this species, fastened down on the same sheet with it, in
which the leaves have dried of a fresher tint, and the difference in the nervation is
considerable; the flowers also are rather larger.

b. Calyx-tube slender and tapering.

70. E. khasiana, Duthie \ leaves narrowly lanceolate acuminate at both
ends nerves and dots pellucid, cymes from the upper axils or terminal lax,
flower-buds pyriform \ in., limb of calyx truncate.

Khasia Mts., Griffith, J. B. H. $ T. T.

Branchlets terete. Leaves 3-4 by 1 in., smooth and shining above, finely reticu-
late between the lateral nerves which unite close within the margin ; petiole \ in.
Inflorcscence-bvsincb.es long and slender, acutely quadrangular. Calyx spreading above
after flowering.

71. ZS. oblong*ifolia, Duthie ; leaves oblong acuminate narrowed towards
the base nerves rather close slender but prominent on both surfaces, cymes
terminal corymbose much branched shorter than the leaves, calyx-tube \ in. or
less gradually tapering to the base limb truncate, petals calyptrate.

Malacca, Maingay (746).

Branchlets terete or subtetragonous ; bark greyish. Leaves 3-4^ by lj-lf in.,
shining a little above, lateral nerves uniting close within the margin, interspaces reti-
culated. Inflorescence-branches sharply 4-angular, compressed towards the nodes.
Filaments slender ; anthers small.

72. ZS. expansa, Wall. Cat. 3567 (Syzygium) ; leaves shortly petioled
ovate or oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate subcoriaceous, cymes axillary or
terminating previous year's shoots, flowers small crowded at the ends of the
long peduncles, calyx nearly truncate.

Penang, Wallich.

Young branches subterete, compressed at the nodes. Leaves 3-6 by 1^-2 in.,
polished a little above ; lateral nerves slender, raised on both surfaces, uniting within
the margin, interspaces reticulate ; petiole i in. Calyx-tube f in., gradually tapering
to the base. Fruit not seen.

mt Calyx-limb 4^5-lobed.

73. ZS. cordifolia, Wight III. ii. 16 ; Ic. t. 544 ; leaves sessile cordate
amplexicaul ovate or ovate-lanceolate obtuse or obtusely acuminate, cymes
corymbose terminal and axillary much shorter than the leaves, berry nearly
round crowned with the cup-like calyx-limb. E. androsaemoides, Bedd. Fl.
Sylv. Anal. Gen. cvii. ; not of DC. Syzygium cordifolium, Thivaites Enum.
PI. Zeyl. 116. Oalyptranthes cordifolia, Moon Cat.

Ceylon ; Ambagamowa and Eatnapoora districts, up to 3000 ft., Thwaites.

A very large handsome tree; branchlets terete. Leaves 6-8 by about 3 in., often,
larger, thick and coriaceous, polished above ; midrib stout and prominent beneath ;
lateral nerves usually not very distinct, sometimes forming double loopings within the
margin. Calyx-tube about £ in. ; lobes 4. Petals calyptrate. Berries subglobose,
about an inch in diameter. — E. androscemoides of Wight's Herb, is E. obovata, Wall.

74. ZS. subdecussata, Wall. Cat. 3589 {Syzygium) ; leaves ovate or
very shortly petioled oblong-lanceolate cordate at the base subacute thick and

492 lix. myrtace^}. (J. F. Dnthie.) [Eugenia.

coriaceous midrib keeled beneath lateral nerves indistinct, cymes terminal
corymbose branches stout angled compressed and flattened upwards, flowers
crowded, calyx-tube shortly obconic obscurely 5-lobed, petals calyptrate.

Sincapore, in very dense woods, Wallich; Government Hill, Penang, Maingay,
740.

A tree, about 15 ft. high (Maingay). Branchlets terete-compressed. Leaves
2^-4 by 1-lf in., smooth and polished above ; lateral nerves slender beneath, uniting
close to the margin, interspaces laxly reticulate. Flowers red and white (Maingay).
Calyx-tube about £ in., squarrose. Bracts triangular. Fruit size of a small cherry.

75. E. colorata, Duthie ; leaves very shortly petioled elliptic or oblong-
obovate rounded or subcordate at the base rather acutely acuminate very thick
and coriaceous, cymes terminal, branches stout alternately compressed shorter
than the leaves, flowers crowded in compact corymbs, petals united, calyx about
^ in. with 5 shallow lobes.

Malacca, Maingay, 749.

Branchlets terete, reddish-brown. Leaves 4-5| by \\ to 2|in.; midrib angled
beneath, tinged with red; nerves indistinct above, slender beneath, uniting close
within the margin, interspaces reticulate.

76. E. revoluta, Wight HI. ii. 17 ; Ie. t. 534 ; leaves lanceolate with a
small obtuse point to ovate or broadly obovate and obtuse coriaceous margins
often revolute, cymes terminal longish peduncled, flowers sessile congested at
the ends of the branchlets, fruit spherical reddish size of a small cherry. Bedd.
Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cvii. ; not of Berg. Syzygium revolutum, Thwaites Enum.
117.

Nilghiri Mts., Hb. Hohenacker. Ceylon, in the Central Provinces, alt. 3-6000
ft. (Adam's Peak), Walker, Thwaites, &c.

A moderate-sized tree ; branchlets terete or obscurely 4-gonous. Leaves shortly
petioled, variable in size, polished above, dull and glaucous beneath. Calyx 4— o-
toothed. Petals free, or cohering and falling off as a lid. — The Nilghiri specimens
have the leaves smoother above and more conspicuously dotted, the nervation is not so
prominent beneath. There is a small-leaved form of this in Wight's Herbarium
collected in Ceylon by Col. Walker, and called var. parvifolia ; the leaves are about 1
by i in.

77. E. oblata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 493 ; leaves oblong or
broadly lanceolate acuminate finely nerved, panicles terminal and axillary shorter
than the leaves, petals united in a calyptra, berries round or transversely oval
size of a cherry. Wight HI. ii. 15 ; Ic. t. 622 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
vol. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 67 ; For. Fl. i. 488. S. oblatum, Wall. Cat. 3569. S. pu'l-
chellum, Wall. Cat. 3566 in part. Jambosa pulchella, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt.
i. 422. E. comosa, Wall. Cat. 3566 D ; I.e. 3600 C {under E. inojjhylla).

Assam, Jenkins ; Khasia Mts., Silhet, Chittagong, Pegu, and Maetaban to
Tenasserim ; Penang and Sincapore, Wallich. — Distrib. Yunan.

A tree ; branchlets terete, reddish-brown. Leaves 3-4 in., often with a long
slender point, shining above, turning dark when dried ; petiole |-f in. Cymes tri-
chotomous, on long peduncles. Flowers rather large, sessile. Calyx-tube about £ in.,
gradually tapering to the base ; lobes 4 or 5, unequal, persistent. Stamens numerous,
long ; anthers with an apiculate connective.

78. E. laevicaulis, Duthie; leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate nerves
close uniting very near the edge, cymes terminal and axillary short contracted
branches ascending, calyx-tube about ^ in. turbinate lobes 5, fruit roundish or
flattened at both ends size of a cherry.

Eugenia.] lix. myetace^e. (J. F. Duthie.) 493

Malacca, Maingay, 753-2.

Branchlets terete, polished. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1^ in., chocolate -coloured and shining
above, rusty -red beneath when dry ; petiole \ in. Calyx-lobes distant. Style long,
persistent. — Allied to E. oblata, but with smoother branchlets and narrower more
contracted inflorescence.

79. S. sylvestris, Moon in Wight III. ii. 15 ; Ic. t. 532 ; leaves glabrous
from lanceolate with an obtuse point to obovate or spathulate obtuse coriaceous,
cymes corymbose crowded terminal or from the extreme axils on long peduncles,
flowers small, calyx ~ in«> fruit spherical black-purple. Becld. Fl. Sylv. Anal.
Gen. cvii. Syzygium sylvestre, Thwaites Enum. 116. Calyptrantb.es Jambo-
lana, Moon Cat. p. 39.

Ceylon ; common up to an elevation of 3000 ft., Walker, Thwaites.

A very large tree ; branchlets terete. Leaves about 4 by 1|— 2£ in., shining above,
rusty-coloured beneath, and minutely and densely punctate, closely nerved, the
lateral nerves horizontal and uniting close within the margin, margins somewhat
revolute ; petiole §-f in. — In Wight's figure the leaves are drawn too acute.

80. E. assimilis, Thwaites Enum. 116 {Syzygium) ; leaves petioled
ovate-lanceolate or obovate more or less abruptly acuminate narrow at the base
rarely rounded, cymes crowded at the ends of the branchlets half as long as
the leaves, berries spherical. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cvii.

Ceylon ; up to alt. 5000 ft., Thwaites.

A moderate-sized tree. Leaves 2-5 by l£-2 in. ; petiole ^-nearly £ in. Peduncles
obtusely 4-sided. Flowers rather large, about | in. in diam. Petals falling in one
piece. — Differs from E. Arnottiana in the larger leaves and flowers, the united petals,
and in the shape of the fruit; the nervation of the leaves is less close, and the
marginal nerve is more distant from the edge. — A variety of this with larger leave's
and flowers is also found in Ceylon.

81. E. Neesiana, Wight III. ii. 15 ; Ic. t. 533 ; leaves nearly sessile
oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate subcoriaceous pellucid-punctate, cymes
terminal and from the upper axils laxly corymbose, berry subglobose. Bedd.
Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cvii. Syzygium Neesianum, A?m. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur.
xviii. 355 (1836) ; Thwaites Enum. 117. Oalyptranthes cordifolia, Moon Cat.

Ceylon ; up to 3000 ft. alt., Thwaites, Gardner.

A good-sized tree. . Branchlets terete. Leaves 3-4 by \-\\ in. Pedicels half the
length of the shortly turbinate calyx. Flowers small. Petals free or falling in one
piece. Berry § in., crowned with the circular calyx-throat and the incurved acute
lobes.

82. E. microcalyx, Duthie ; leaves nearly sessile ovate or elliptic-ob-
ovate obtuse or shortly acuminate polished above nerves faintly impressed above
prominent beneath, cymes terminal and axillary often exceeding the leaves,
bracts small acute persistent, flowers very small, calyx-tube short subcylindrical
^ in. or less lobes 4 distant subacute nearly equal, petals united.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay, 727 & 731. — Distjrib. Borneo?.

Branchlets subterete. Leaves 2-4| by l£-2£ in., dark above when dried, reddish
beneath ; lateral nerves uniting some way within the margin. Bracts often in threes.
— In Maingay's No. 727 the leaves are less distinctly nerved, the lateral nerves
faintly unite close within the margin, and the flowers are rather smaller. No. 3354
of Beccari's Borneo may perhaps be referred to this species. Habit of E. olivifolia.

494 lix. mtrtace^;. (J. F. Dufchie.) [Eugenia.

XX I^ftves suborbicular.

83. 33. cyelophylla, Thioaites MSS. {Syzygium) ; leaves shortly petioled
or nearly sessile broadly ovate to nearly orbicular very thick and coriaceous
margins revolute, cymes terminal not exceeding the leaves, branches stout
4-gonous, berries nearly spherical crowned with the remains of the 4-fid
calyx-limb.

Ceylon; Adam's Peak, Thwaites (C.P. 3915).

Leaves 2^—3 in. by 2 in., margins broadly and irregularly recurved in the dried
specimens, black-dotted above, not glaucous beneath ; midrib very stout ; marginal
nervation double. Berry about the size of a pea. — This differs from E. revoluta in
the rounder more coriaceous leaves, shorter petioles, and the stouter inflorescence
branches.

84. E. sclerophylla, Thwaites JEnum. 118 {Syzygium) ; leaves small
sessile very coriaceous obovate or nearly round cordate at the base glabrous
above nerved beneath, midrib thickened towards the base, cymes about equal
to the leaves, berries spherical size of a small cherry.

Ceylon ; Central Provinces, alt. 6-8000 ft., Adam's Peak, Thwaites.
A moderate-sized tree ; branchlets 4-gonous. Leaves ^-1 in. dull. Berries crowned
with the cup-shaped calyx-limb, turning black.

85. E. i otundifolia, Wight III. ii. 17 ; leaves shortly petioled orbicular
obtuse or obscurely acuminate subcordate at the base or attenuated coriaceous
glossy and nerveless above, cymes terminal sessile few-flowered, berry spherical
size of a small cherry. Becld. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cviii. Syz. rotundifolium,
Am. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. 335 ; Thwaites Enum. 118.

Ceylon; Central Provinces, alt. 6-8000 ft., Gardner, Thwaites.

A small tree or shrub ; young branches 4-gonous. Leaves £-§ in. long, nerved
beneath, margins revolute. Calyx obovate, shortly 5-toothed. Berries red turning
to black. — Closely allied to the preceding species, differing chiefly by its petioled
glossy leaves.

86. IS. calophyllifolia, Wight III. ii. 17 ; Ic. t. 1000 ; leaves shortly
petioled obtuse ovate obovate or orbicular very coriaceous, cymes terminal
corymbose short-peduncled many-flowered, fruit ovoid or oblong. Bedd. Fl.
Sylv. Anal. Gen. cvii. Syz. calophyllifolium, Thwaites Enum. 118.

Nilghiki, Wight, Adam, Gardner ; Sisparah, Wight. Ceylon, Adam's Peak,
alt. 6-7000 ft., Thwaites. . ' .

A large spreading tree with a fine umbrageous head ; young branches 4-gonous.
Leaves glabrous, about 1 by | in., reticulated beneath when dry, not dotted. Calyx
repandly 4-toothed. Petals orbicular, falling together in one piece. Fruit succulent,
dark purple, edible.

87. IE. oligantha, Thwaites Enum. 118 {Syzygium) ; leaves small ob-
ovate obtusely and shortly acuminate or retuse narrowed towards the base
faintly nerved dotted, heads terminal few-flowered shortly peduncled. Bedd.
Fl. Syfa Anal. Gen. cviii.

Ceylon ; Ambagamowa district, alt. 3-5000 ft., Thwaites.

A small tree ; upper branches 4-gonous, angles winged. Leaves ^-nearly 1 in. by
\-^ in., shortly petioled. Bracts equal to about half the calyx-tube. Calyx-tube cam-
panulate, much produced; lobes 4. rather conspicuous. Berries spherical, red turning
black, size of a pea.

Eugenia.] lix. mtrtace^. (J. F. Dnthie.) 495

XXX Leaves narrow.

88. Ew olivifolia, Duthie; leaves small shortly petioled spathulate obovate
or lanceolate obtuse shining above dull beneath and densely glandular, lateral
nerves few directed upwards, cymes about equal to or shorter than the leaves,
flowers small shortly pedicelled. S. spathulatmn, Thwaites Enum. 118 ; not of
Berg (Eug.) ; Bedel. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cviii.

Ceylon, alt. 3-5000 ft,, Thwaites.

A small tree. Leaves 1— If by ^-f in. Berries spherical, red turning to black,
size of a pea. — This plant differs from E. rubicunda in the direction of the lateral
nerves, and in the shape of the calyx-tube, which becomes more suddenly narrowed
towards the base.

89. E. rubicunda, Wight III. ii. 15 ; Ic. t. 538 ; leaves shortly petioled
narrow oblong attenuated at both ends obtuse coriaceous pellucid-punctate,
primary nerves close, cymes terminal corymbose longer than the leaves, flowers
minute, calyx repandly 4-lobed shortly turbinate. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen.
cviii. ; Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 94. Syzygium rubicundum, W. 8$ A. Prodr.
330. S. salicifolium, Wall. Cat. 3597 ; not of Graham.

Tinnevelly District, common up to 3000 ft. alt., Beddome.

A small tree, or large shrub : branchlets 4-gonous. Leaves 2^-3 by about | in. ;
petiole •£— in. — The leaves are narrower and more prominently nerved than in
K lissophylla, from which however Col. Beddome believes it to be not specifically
distinct.

90. E. cuneata, Wall. Cat. 3598 (Syzygium) ; leaves narrow obovate-
lanceolate obtuse tapering below into a short petiole lateral nerves horizontal,
cymes from the terminal axils exceeding the leaves, flowers small, calyx-
tube narrowly turbinate f— I in. truncate above, petals calyptrate, berry size
of a pea.

Silhet, Wallich ; E. Bengal, Griffith ; Khasia Mts., 3-5000 ft., J. D. H. % T. T.
Branchlets 4-gonous. Leaves about If by £ in., smooth above, reticulate beneath.
Inflorescence often leafy.

§§ Cymes terminating previous year's branches.

91. E. papillosa, Euthie; under surface of leaves young branches and
pedicels clothed with rusty-coloured scurf, leaves large subsessile and somewhat '
amplexicaul obovate-oblong midrib and nerves very prominent beneath, cymes
crowded at the extremities of year-old branches, calyx clove-shaped.

Malay Peninsula, Maingay, 737.

Branchlets terete or subtetragonous, stout. Leaves 7-9 by 3| in. ; lateral nerves
uniting conspicuously within the margin, dark above when dry, reddish beneath. In-
florescence-hT&nches long, stout, compressed upwards. Bracts 2 at the base of each
flower. Calyx-tube % in. ; lobes 4, prominent, subtriangular, obtuse, reflexed. Petals
falling together. — One of Beccari's Borneo plants No. 2521, with larger leaves and
flowers, has a similar clothing of reddish scurf.

92. E. pustulata, Duthie ; leaves oblong acuminate narrowed below
subcoriaceous nerves whitish prominent beneath distant uniting conspicuously
within the margin, cymes terminating year-old branches, sepals acute, petals
falling in one piece.

Malacca, Maingay, (751).

Branchlets terete ; rough with prominent glands, especially the upper branches,
and the midribs and nerves of the leaves. Leaves 4|-7 by l£-2£ in., indistinctly

496 lix. myrtacejE. (J. F. Duthie.) [Eugenia.

nerved above ; midrib rounded beneath. Ivflorescence-hv&nches short, stout, 4-an-
gular. Flowers about \ in.

93. E. brachiata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 488 ; leaves
abruptly ovate or elliptic tip rounded or very shortly acuminate, panicles
axillary or from the leafless axils much branched shorter than the leaves,
flowers minute, calyx-tube obconic about ^ in. lobes 4 shallow, corolla calyptrate,
berry spherical. E. odorata? Wight III. ii. 16 ; not of DC. (Syz.). Syzygiuni
brachiatum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 460. E. cinerea, Kurz in Pegu For.
Rep. Append. B. p. 50 ; For. Fl. i. 483. S. cinereum, Wall. Cat. 3576. S.
ribesioides, Wall. Cat. 3553 A.

Pegu, Kurz ; Mergui, Griffith ; Amherst and Penang, Wallich. — Distrib.
Amboina.

A tree. Branchlets terete or subtetragonous ; bark white. Leaves 2^-6 by \\-Z
in., shortly petioled, glossy above, paler beneath ; nerves finely impressed above,
prominent beneath. Bracts ovate, acute, persistent. Flowers sessile in clusters of
6-9. Berries purplish to black. — The leaves of Wallich's specimens are much
broader at the base than those of Wight. In Wallich's S. ribesioides the leaves are
broader and less acuminate, the peduncles are shorter and the branchlets whiter.

94. E. verecunda, Wall. Cat. 3579 (Syzygium) ; leaves ovate with a
long point, nerves close reticulate, petiole about \ in., corymbs lax about
half the length of the leaves, flowers very small, calyx with 4 shallow distant
lobes broadly expanding above after flowering, petals calyptrate.

Malacca, Griffith ; Penang, Wallich.

Branchlets terete, compressed at the nodes. Leaves 1\ by 1-1^ in., pale yellow ;
petiole midrib and margin tinged with orange. — Wallich was inclined to connect this
with his S. continuum ; the latter however differs by having shorter petioles, the leaves
less distinctly reticulated, larger flowers, free petals, and the calyx-tube more gradually
tapering to the base.

** Cymes lateral, mostly from the scars of fallen leaves.

f Petals free.

95. 22. nitida, Duthie ; leaves broadly ovate or oblong tip rounded or
shortly acuminate polished above coriaceous, primary nerves few prominent
beneath and uniting at some distance from the margin, cymes lateral chiefly
from the leafless axils, calyx-tube spreading and recurved after flowering lobes
prominent subpersistent, petals ?.

Malay Peninsula, Maingay, 728.

Branchlets terete, reddish-brown. Leaves 3-3| by 2 in., black and shining above,
rusty-red beneath, dots inconspicuous not pellucid, nerves indistinct above ; petiole
\-7j in. — Herbarium specimens resemble E. brachiata, but the flowers are larger, and
the leaves broader and more shining.

96. En polyantlta, Wight III. ii. 17 ; Ic. t. 543 ; leaves obovate or ob-
lanceolate obtusely acuminate cuneate at the base dark and shining above
rusty-red beneath dots not pellucid, cymes short many-flowered axillary and from
the leafless axils, flowers small, calyx rather deeply 4-lobed, petals free and
expanding. Not of Wall. Cat. 3603 ; not of Miq. (Syz.). E. lucidula, Miq. Fl.
Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 444. Myrtus cymosa, Blume Bijd. 1086, not of Spr. (ex
Miquel 1. c).

Tenasseeim, Heifer ; Motjlmein and Mergui, Griffith. — Distrib. Java.
A slender tree, upwards of 80 ft. (Griffith MS.). Branchlets 4-gonous. Leaves the
same size as those of E. balsamea, which it resemlles in habit. Petals white.

Eugenia.'] lix. myrtace^. (J. F. Duthie.) 497

97. ZS. malabarica, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 199 ; Anal. Gen. cvii. ; leaves
obovate-spathulate or quite obcordate rarely oblong marginal looping inconspi-
cuous, cymes from the old wood below the leaves rarely in the lower axils very
short, flowers numerous very small bracteolate, calyx-tube with 4 indistinct tri-
angular lobes, petals opening separately, fruit spherical about \ in.

Western Peninsula , Wynaad, jungles, 2-4000 ft. alt., Beddome.

A middling-sized tree. Branchlets terete. Leaves 2-5 by l-2f in., minutely
dotted beneath ; petiole ^-£ in. Cymes about £ in. Calyx-tube more or less truncate
in age, about ^ in. diam. Petals orbicular with a slight claw, pointed, very soon
deciduous.

98. 23. cong-lomerata, Duthie ; leaves obovate or oblanceolate rounded
at the apex or shortly and obtusely acuminate tapering gradually to the base mar-
gins revolute, flowers from the leafless axils in dense sessile or subsessile clusters,
calyx-tube broadly campanulate lobes 4 rounded persistent, petals free.

Malayan Peninsula, Mdingay, 74to.

Bark of older branchlets grey ; upper branchlets su btetragonous. Leaves 3-4 by
1-1 1 in., sometimes subfalcate, coriaceous, dark and shining above, rusty-red beneath,
minutely black-dotted ; midrib stout beneath, lateral nerves few, prominent beneath
and unitiug distinctly in loops within the margin ; petiole about ^ in. Bracts oblong,
obtuse. Filaments short, stout. — Resembles No. 3326 of Beccari's Borneo plants,
but the flowers are larger and the peduncles longer in the latter.

ft Petals united.

§ Leaves alternate. *

99. 22. alternifolia, Wight III. ii. 16 ; Ic. t. 537 ; leaves alternate sub-
orbicular thick and coriaceous, cymes lateral longish-peduncled corymbose dense
sometimes congested near the apex of year-old branches, fruit subspherical size of
a cherry. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 198.

Kttbnool, Cxjddapah, and N. Abcot districts, Leddome; Balaghaut, Wight.
Assam, Nagari Hills.

A large tree. Branchlets terete. Leaves 3-8 in., rounded at the apex or rather
suddenly obtusely acuminate, dark green and shining above paler beneath, minutely
dotted ; primary nerves numerous, uniting close within the margin ; petiole 1 in. or
more. Flowers yellowish-white, sweet-scented. Calyx viscid and shining, entire or
with 4 very minute teeth. Petals calyptrate.

§§ Leaves opposite.

100. E. tetragona, Wight Ill.ii. 16 ; branchlets stout acutely 4-gonous,
leaves ovate-oblong or nearly oval thick and coriaceous, lateral and marginal
nerves very prominent beneath, cymes from the lower leafless axils shorter than
the leaves, fruit globose size of a large pea. Syzygium tetragonum, Kurz in
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 66 ; For. Fl. i. 484 ; Wall. Cat. 3550.
S. ficifolium, Wall. Cat. 3558. S. rameum, Wall. Cat. 3595.

Sikkim, J. D. H. ; Bhotan, Griffith. Khasia Mts., J. B. H. $ T. T. Sjxhet,
Wallich. Ava, Kurz. — Distbib. Yunan.

A large tree ; branchlets with the angles often winged. Leaves 5-6£ by 2£ in.,
attenuated at each end, dots minute but not pellucid ; petiole about £ in. Calyx-tube
narrow below, suddenly enlarging at the throat ; lobes small, rounded. Petals calyp-
trate.— The flowers are sweet-scented according to Wallich.

The branchlets are not so acutely 4-gonous in Wallich's S. ficifolium and S. rameum,
and the leaves of the former are broader.

VOL. n. K K

498 lix. myrtace^e. (J. F. Duthie.) [Eugenia.

101. IS. occlusa, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 460 (Syzygimn) ; leaves on
longish petioles elliptic obtusely acuminate acute at base coriaceous shining
above paler beneath, lateral nerves distant indistinctly uniting within the mar-
gin, flowers rather large in condensed lateral panicles, calyx-tube broad above
and with a truncate margin.

Nicobar Islands, Kurz. — Distrib. Java.

Branchlets terete or subcompressed upwards, light brown or whitish. Leaves
2-4 in., varying in width, rusty-brown when dried ; midrib furrowed above ; petiole
about 1 in. Panicles shorter than the leaves, branches divaricate or subdeflexed.
Buds globose. Calyx-tube upwards of \ in. — The calyx and corolla are apparently
fused together in the calyptrate operculum. Under this species Mr. Kurz refers E.
eerasoides, Koxb., E. polyantha, Wight, and the specimens 2394 & 2395 of Griffith's
and Heifer's collection.

102. E. operculata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. irac?.ii.486; leaves broadly
ovate or elliptic rounded at the apex or obtusely acuminate narrowed below lateral
nerves few distant prominent becoming fainter towards the margin, panicles
from leafless axils lax divaricate, berry globose or ovoid. Wight Ic. t. 552 ;
Brandts For. Fl. 234 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 483. E. eerasoides, Roxb. Hort. Beng.
92 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 488 ; Wight Ic. t. 615 ; Miq. Anal "Bbl. Ind. i. 27 : Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. pt. i. 443 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. pt. ii. 66 ; Far. Fl. i.
484. Syzygium nervosum, DC. Prodr. iii. 260; Mem. Myrt. ii. 16 ; Wall. Cat.
3551 A & B ; 3553 B & C {under E. ribesioides) ; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 119 ;
Thwaites Enum. 417 ; Miq. Fl. Ind, I. c. 460 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cvi.
S. costatum, nodosum, and angkolanum, Miq. Fl. Ind. I. c. 448. Oalyptranthes
mangiferifolia, Hance in Walp. Ann. ii. 629. 0. costata, Ham. in Wall. Cat.
3556. C. grandis and C. Tatna, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3554, 3555.

Sub-Himalayan forests from the Jumna to Assam, ascending to 2000 ft. Oudh
and Gtobakhpur forests, Cachar, Chittagong, Pegu, Kurz. Ceylon, up to 3000 ft.
— Distrib. Indian Archipelago and S. China, Yunan.

A large tree ; branchlets subterete or 4-gonous. Leaves 3-8 by 2-4 in., subcori-
aceous, dots often black (in the" dried specimens), rarely pellucid ; primary veins
8-12, curving into a rather faint intramarginal vein ; petiole i-f in. Inflorescence
often thyrsoidal. Peduncles long, acutely angled. Flowers small", greenish, in threes,
nearly sessile, odorous. Calyx campanulate, with short obtuse lobes, or nearly trun-
cate. Petals united and falling in one piece, calyptra often apiculate. Berry J±-| in.,
rugose, juicy. The wood is used for building and for agricultural implements. The
fruit is eaten.

Var. PanMa ; berries oval. E. Paniala, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 489. Wight Ic. t. 616 ;
Kurz For. Fl. i. 483. Syz. Panealla, Wall. Cat. 3557 ? Calyptranthes cuneata,
Ham. ?— Chittagong, Roxburgh; Silhet, Wallich; Pegu, Rangoon, McClelland.—
There is no fruit with "Wallich's and Hamilton's specimens. Flowers in April, fruit
ripens in June.

Var. obovata, Kurz. For. Fl. i. 482 ; leaves obovate or oblanceolate, cymes more
compact. Syz. obovatum, Wall. Cat. 3552, not of DC. S. vastum, Wall. Cat. 3561.
S. polyanthum, Thwaites ; not of Wight. — Silhet, Chittagong, Rangoon, Wallich ;
Ava, Griff.

103. E. Stocksii, Duthie; leaves elliptic-obovate rounded or obtusely
acuminate at the apex indistinctly nerved dots not pellucid, cymes axillary and
from the leafless axils half the length of or equalling the leaves, flowers small,
petals calyptrate.

Concan, Stocks. Wynaad, Beddome.

A lofty tree; branches acutely 4-gonous. Leaves 4-6 by If— 3 in., thin; lateral
nerves few slender below curving upwards and becoming faint towards the margin.

Eugenia.'] lix. myrtace^:. (J. P. Duthie.) 499

Peduncles 1-2 in. Flowers about £ in. Calyx-lobes 4, rounded or subacute. — Habit
•of E. balsamea, but the cymes are much longer peduncled and the leaves are not
pellucid-punctate.

104. E. balsamea, Wight III. ii. 16 ; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate
narrowed below acuminate subcoriaceous pale pellucid-punctate, lateral nerves
prominent widely separated, cymes lateral short compact, flowers small, berry
round. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. pt. ii. 66 ; For. Fl. i. 485.
Syz. balsameum, Wall. Cat. 3592. Memecylon floribundum, Wall. Cat. 4113.

Sikkim, alt. 2000 ft., J. D. H. $ T.T.; E. Bengal, Griffith; Pegu, Kurz; Silhet,
Wallich, J. D. H, $ T. T. Assam, Masters. — Distrib. Yunan.

Branchlets subterete or obscurely 4-gonous. Leaves 3-5 by 1-1^ in. ; petiole
| in. Inflorescence-branches compressed, angular. Calyx-tube truncate. Petals united,
or sometimes becoming free.

Vak. angustifolia ; leaves narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, ^-f in. wide. — Khasia Mts.,
2000 ft., J. D. H. Sf T. T.

105. E. fruticosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 487; shrubby,
leaves broadly oblong to oval acuminate finely nerved, flowers small in dense
lateral panicles, berries small ovoid. Wight Ic. t. 624 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. xlvi. pt. ii. 66 ; For. Fl. i. 485. S. fruticosum, DC. Prodr. iii. 260 ;
Mem. Myrt. 1. 19 ; Wall. Cat. 3559 in part.

Silhet and Chittagong, Roxburgh, Wallich ; Pegu, Kurz ; Tenasserim, Heifer.

A large shrub or small tree. Leaves variable as to size, very similar to those of
E. Jambolana ; petiole shorter. Panicle-branches divaricate, acutely angular. Calyx
very short. Corolla calyptrate. Berries siz% of pea. — Resembles E. polyantha, Wight,
in i&> inflorescence.

|06. E. Jambolana, Lam. Diet. iii. 198 ; leaves ovate or oblong obtuse
or more « >r less acuminate coriaceous closely nerved, panicles lateral below the
leaver • rarely axillary or terminal, calyx shortly turbinate limb truncate or ob-
scurely 4-lobed, petals calyptrate, berry olive-shaped to globose purple from size
of a pea to a pigeon's egg. Ham. in. Wern. Soc. Trans, v. 342 ; Roxb. Fl. Did
ii. 484 ; Wight Ic. t. 535 ; Benth. Fl. Austral, iii. 283 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. i. t. 197
Bfxindis For. Fl. 233 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. pt. ii. 67
For. Fl. i. 485. Syz. Jambolanum, DC. Prodr. iii. 259 ; Wall. Cat. 3560
W. 8f A. Prodr. i. 329 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Fl. Bomb. 93. E. frondosa, Wall. Cat
3560 G ; not 3590. E. Moorei, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 33. Oalyptranthes Jam-
bolana, Willd. Sp. PI. ii. 975. C. capitellata, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3560 B.

Common (wild or cultivated) .and generally distributed throughout India in botli
peninsulas and in Ceylon ; from the plains to 4-5000 ft. — Distmb. Malay Archipelago
to Australia.

A tree, usually of considerable size with a thick and rather crooked trunk. Leaves
3-6 in., extremely variable in shape, smooth and shining, the numerous nerves
uniting within the margin ; petiole ^-1 in. Cyme short and compact or laxly pani-
culate. Flowers numerous, about the size of those of E. opercidata or much smaller,
sweet-scented. Berries often obliquely oblong. — The wood is whitish, close-grained.
and durable; the bark affords brown dyes, and a kind of gum kino. The fruit is
often eaten. Roxburgh mentions a variety having fruit of a superior quality, and as
large as a pigeon's egg ; probably the result of cultivation.

Var. caryophyllifolia ; leaves ovate-lanceolate with a long acumen, calyx short: y
4-toothed, berry globose size of a large pea. E. caryophyllifolia, Lam. Diet. iii. 19S ;
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 486 ; Wight Ic. ii. 553. E. calyptrata, Roxb. Ic.
1142 ? Syz. caryophyllifolium, PC. Prodr. iii. 259 ; Wall. Cat. 3562 partly, & 3551,
C. ; Thwaites Enum. 116. S. Jambolanum, var. microcarpum, Thwaites Etmm. 417 ;
-Wall. Cat. 3562 C. Syz. lateriflorum, Royle. Myrtus Cumini, Linn. ; exclude

500 lix. myrtace^:. (J. F. Dnthie.) [Eugenia*

syn. Bumph. $ Burm.—Pluk. Aim. t. 274, 2. Bheede Hort. Mai. v. t. 29. Bumph
Herb. Amb. i. t. 41.

Vab. obtusifolia; leaves obtuse, berries oblong. E. obtusifolia, Boxb. Hart. Beng.
ST; Ft. Ind. ii. 485 ; Wight Ic. t. 620. Jambolifera pedunculata, Gaertn. Fruct. i.
78, t. 36. — Bumph. Herb. Amb. i. t. 42. The emargination in the leaves of Rumphius'
figure is an error.

107. E. tenuis, Wall. Cat. 3570 (Syzygiuni) ; leaves ovate or ovate-
lanceolate obtusely acuminate narrowed at the base coriaceous pale pellucid-
punctate lateral nerves slender close interspaces finely reticulated, panicles from
the leafless axils dense, calyx-tube broadly campanulate much produced lobes 4
shallow. Calyptranthes tenuis, Ham. MSS.

Sukanaghab, Hamilton.

Leaves 2^-2| by 1-1 A in.; margins slightly revolute; midrib slender, orange-
coloured as well as the edges of the leaves; petiole about £ in. Peduncles % in. or
less. Corolla calyptrate. Style persistent, exserted. — The leaves have a close resem-
blance to those of E. verecunda.

108. IS. Keyneana, Wall. Cat. 3599 (Syzygiuni) ; leaves narrowly oblongs
or elliptic obtusely acuminate narrowed at the base into a short petiole finely
and closely nerved, cymes lateral from the scars of fallen leaves rarely axillary,,
calyx-lobes unequal, petals united, berries oblong. Calyptranthes Danca, Ham.
in Herb. E. salicifolia, Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 73 ; not of DC. ; not of Berg, or
Wall. Cat. 3597 (Syz.) ; Wight III. ii. 16 ; Ic. t. 539 ; JDalz. Bomb. Fl. 24 excl.
syn. Wall. ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cix.

"Western Peninsula ; beds of river* in Bebab ; Bombay Ghats and Concan,
Stocks ; Canaba, Bitchie ; Coorg, Heyne ; Sagob, Vicary.

A small tree or shrub. Leaves 3-5 by f-1 in., pellucid-punctate. Cymes lax,
much branched. Flowers small, white. Berries £ in. or more in length, crowned with
the cup-like calyx-limb.

E. salicifolia of Wight's Herbarium is certainly the E. Heyneana of Bottler's and
Wallich's herbaria. Wallich's E. salicifolia is E. rubicunda, W. & A., a plant
having very much the habit of this, but with the inflorescence terminal. The wood
is used for rafters (Beddome).

Vab. alternant ; cymes from the axils of the upper leaves. S. alternans, Miq. in
Herb. Hohenacker. — Concan and Canara, Stocks, Hohenacker. The leaves are very
like those of E. pellucida.

Sect. III. Eueugenia. Flowers solitary or in fascicles. Petals dis-
tinct. (To end.)

* Young parts and inflorescence fulvous or silvery pubescent. (To p. 504.)

t Staminal disk broad.

109. E. Jossinia, JDuthie ; leaves shortly petioled obovate-spathulate
obtuse cuneate below coriaceous glabrous, peduncles axillary solitary or crowded
at the end of the branches 1-flowered, pedicels and calyx rusty-pubescent, calyx-
limb 4-lobed persistent, berry about the size of a sloe. E. cuneata, Heyne in
Wall. Cat. 3625 ; not of Wall. Cat. 3598 ; JBedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cxii. Jos-
sinia indica, Wight III. ii. 12, t. 122 ; Ic. t. 523 ; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 122 ; Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 468.

Sevaghebby Hills, Tinnevelly Distbict, Wight, Beddome ; Cotjrtallum, Wight.

A small tree or shrub. Leaves 1-lf by £-| in., revolute at the edges ; nerves in-
conspicuous above. Peduncles f in. long. Calyx-tube subglobose; lobes rather
unequal. Petals hairy, | in. long.

Euyenia.] lix. myrtace^e. (J. F. Duthie.) 501

110. E. floccosa, Bcdd. Fl. Sylv. t. 200; young branches densely floc-
cose, leaves ovate or suborbicular sometimes lanceolate obtuse densely floccose at
length glabrous except on the ribs minutely dotted beneath coriaceous, edges
revolute, flowers terminal in very short few-flowered cymes or solitary and large,
calyx coriaceous densely pilose furnished at the base with 2 large bracteoles,
petals exceeding the calyx-lobes white hairy at the back, fruit large size of
a pigeon's egg densely woolly crowned with the persistent calyx-lobes.

S. Tinnevelly Ghats above Calcad, 3-4000 ft., Beddome.

A large and beautiful tree. Leaves very thick, 3-5 by 2-3£ in. ; nerves quite
inconspicuous except in dried specimens, penninerved, with the usual marginal looping
or occasionally 3-nerved at the base, the two lateral nerves not prominent ; petiole
densely floccose, |— § in. Flowers about 1 in. diam. Disk large, subglobose, woolly.

111. E. codyensis, Munro in Wight III. ii. 13 ; leaves short-petioled
ovate-oblong or obovate tapering towards the base shortly obtusely acuminate,
flowers nearly sessile clustered in terminal heads at the extremities of short
abortive branches or axillary and solitary or few together, fruit globose 1-2-

seeded.

Nilghiri and Kurg Mts., Munro.

A shrub with stout terete branchlets ; young parts clothed with white pubescence.
Leaves 1^-2^ by f-lf in., coriaceous, glabrous, shining above ; dots minute, pellucid ;
lateral nerves slender, prominent, uniting within the margin ; petiole |-A in. Calyx -
tube campanulate, silky-pubescent ; lobes 4, broad, persistent, ciliate. Petals oblong,
twice the length of the calyx. Berries about £ in. in diameter. — Judging from the
•specimen in "Wight's Herbarium it seems to be closely allied to E. elliptica, Lam., of
which it is perhaps only a variety ; the leaves are rather longer petioled and the
flowers larger.

Allied to this is E. buxifolia, Lam., a native of the Mauritius.

112. E. lucida, Lam. Diet. iii. 203; young parts and inflorescence
covered with light-coloured cottony pubescence, leaves petioled broadly obovate
or nearly orbicular revolute at the edges very coriaceous, flowers large solitary
in the axils or collected 3 or 4 together at the ends of the former year's branches
each with 2 small subacute bracts, calyx-lobes rounded unequal. Jossinia lucida,
DC. Prodr. iii. 237. E. cotinifolia, Jacq. Obs. iii. 3 t. 53 in part. E. hypo-
leuca, Thwaites MSS. C.P. 3864 .£ 3865; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cxii.
Myrtus cotinifolia, Spreng. Syst. ii. 481 in part. M. Oommersonii, Spreng.
lc.479.

Ceylon ; Wattekelle Hill, 5000 ft. alt., Thwaites. — Distrib. Bourbon, Mauritius.

Leaves l\-2 by 1-lf in. ; nerves indistinct above, slender beneath and uniting
within the margin; petiole about \ in. Flowers upwards of an inch in diam. Pedicels
£ in. or less. Calyx-tube \ in. " Fruit obovate or globose glabrous crowned with
the obtuse calyx-lobes " (Decandolle, 1. c).

113. E. macrosepala, Duthie ; leaves petioled ovate or oblong-lanceo-
late subacute at the base obtusely acuminate or sometimes rounded at each end
coriaceous, flowers lateral from leafless axils sessile solitary or in pairs each
with 2 linear pilose bracts equalling or exceeding the calyx-tube, calyx-lobes
4 long narrowly lanceolate acute exceeding the obtuse petals.

N. Canara, Stocks.

Upper branches stout, terete or compressed at the nodes ; bark brownish. Leaves
3-4^ by 1^-lf in., shining a little above and of a reddish tinge ; nerves inconspicuous
above, slender but prominent beneath uniting within the margin. Calyx-lobes clothed
with long spreading white hairs. Petals ovate, pilose at the back and ciliate at the
margin. Staminiferous disk not so broad and square as in E. elliptica, Lam.

502 lix. mtrtacej:. (J. F. Duthie.) [Eugenia.

114. S. calcadensis, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. 35, t. 162 ; Fl. Sylv. Anal.
Gen. ex. ; young parts rusty-pubescent, leaves opposite or subalternate elliptic
to subobovate obtuse very rugose on the upper surface but glabrous in age except
the channelled midrib, peduncles axillary solitary about equal to the petioles 2-
rarely 1-flowered, flowers showy white, ovary 2-celled with numerous ovules.

Calcad Hills in S. Tinnevelly, up to 2000 ft., Beddome.

A small tree. Leaves 2^-3 by l-l£ in., coriaceous, not dotted ; nerves inconspicuous-
above slightly prominent beneath, the primary ones joining within the margin ; pe-
tiole ±-j[ in. Pedicels l-l£ in., with a subulate bract at the base of each. Flowers
1-1^ in. in diam., with 2 small linear bracts at the base. Calyx-lobes rounded. Petals
oblong ciliate £-§ in. long. Disk suborbicular, densely woolly, covering the whole of
the top of the ovary at the apex of the calyx-tube. Stamens inserted all over the
disk.

tf Staminal di&k not enlarged.

§ Floivers pedicelled.

115. S. bracteata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. Ind. ii. 490; young parts
and inflorescence rusty-pubescent, leaves shortly petioled ovate-oblong tapering
or cuneate at the base obtusely acuminate glabrous when old coriaceous shining
pellucid-dotted, peduncles axillary short 1-flowered solitary or 2-3 together or
in fascicles with 2 small bracteoles under each flower, berry globose 1-2-seeded.
DC. Prodr. iii. 264 : W. # A. Prodr. i. 331 ; Wight III. t. 13; Thivaites Enum.
114 ; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 87 (in part) ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. ex. Myrtus
bracteata, Willd. Sp. PI. ii. 969. M. coromandeliana, Kbn. MSS. M. rusci-
folia, Willd. 1. c. 970 ; DC. 1. c. 241 ; Spreng. 1. c. 482. M. latifolia, Heyne in
Moth. nov. sp. p. 232 (not of Aubl). M. Heynei, Spreng. I. c. 482 ; DC. I.e. 241.

Silhet and Plains of S. India, especially near the sea; Madbas, G. Thomson,.
Wight, Hunter ; Anamailay Mts., up to 3000 ft. alt., Beddome ; Ceylon, Jaffna,
Gardner.

A shrub or small tree. Leaves 1^-2 by about f in. Calyx-lobes broad, unequal, re-
flexed after flowering. Petals ovate-oblong, twice as long as the calyx-lobes, pubescent
at the back, margins ciliate.

Var. Roxburghii ; leaves broader, petioles longer, flowers larger. E. Koxburghii,
DC. Prodr. iii. 271 ; Wall. Cat. 3621 (in part) ; Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 66, t. exxiv. ;
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 441 (in part) ; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 87 (in part). E. zey-
ianica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 92 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 490 excl. syn. Willd. ; W. ^ A. Prodr. i. 331 ;.
Am. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. 336 (1836). E. Willdenowii, Wight III. ii. 13;
Ic. t. 545 ; not of DC; Thwaites Enum. 114 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. ex. : not of
Wall. Cat. 3623*. Myrtus littoralis, Roxb. in E. I. C. Mus. t. 151. M. spicata, Ham.
— Plains of S. India and in Ceylon.

Bottler's specimens in the Kew Herbarium, and those of Arnott from Ceylon
named E. zeylanica have the leaves upwards of 4£ in. long. In Wight's figure the
peduncles are incorrectly represented as 2-flowered.

Vab. fasciculata ; leaves 2^-3 in., flowers fascicled more erect peduncles shorter.
E. fasciculata, Wall. Cat. 3622 ; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 87— Silhet, Wallich.

116. E. Rottleriana, W. $ A. Prodr. i. 331 ; much branched, young
shoots petioles peduncles and calyx covered with rusty-silky tomentum, leaves
very narrow lanceolate tapering at both ends obtuse glabrous on both surfaces
except when young pellucid-dotted, peduncles axillary or somewhat lateral 3-4
together or sometimes solitary filiform scarcely one-fourth the length of the
leaves, bracteoles 2 under the calyx, calyx-segments 4 triangular ovate obtuse,
petals 4 much longer than the calyx villous on the margin. Wight III. ii. 13 j,
Ic. t. ' '

Eugenia.'] lix. mtrtacetE. (J. F. Duthie.) 503

Southern provinces of the Westebn Peninsula, Wight, Beddome-, Courtallum,
Wight.

A small tree or shrub. Leaves 1-2 by ^-£ in. ; petiole \ in. or less. — Col.
Beddome mentions two distinct forms, the one with leaves l-l£ by ^ in., the other
2 in. by £ in. The former coming very near E. Willdenowii (of Wight).

117. E. terpnophylla, Thivaites Enum. 114 $ 417 ; young parts and
inflorescence rusty-pubescent, leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate with a long
acumen narrowing towards the base lateral nerves uniting at some distance from
the margin, berry spherical usually 1-seeded. JBedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. 67, t. 283 ;
Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cxi.

Ceylon ; up to no great elevation, Thwaites.

A middling-sized tree ; branchlets terete. Leaves 2^-5 by £-2 in., membranous,
faintly reticulate ; lateral nerves prominent beneath, 5-8 on each side marginal
often double ; petiole J-f in. Peduncles axillary and terminal, short, few-flowered ;
pedicels about equalling the petioles. Petals white, twice as long as the rounded
calyx-lobes. Berry downy, size of small cherry.

118. E. xanthocarpa, Thivaites Enum. 416; young branches and
buds clothed with rusty pubescence, leaves elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acumi-
nate glabrous acute at the base, midrib channelled above primary nerves promi-
nent, pedicels axillary fasciculate rusty-pubescent about equalling the petioles,
berry 1-4-seeded nearly spherical rusty-pilose tuberculate. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal.
Gen. cxi.

Ceylon ; near the coast between Galle and Colombo, Thwaites.

A low tree. Leaves 2£-4 by 1-1| in. ; petiole \ in. Berries \-% in., ochraceous. —
Differs from E. terpnophylla in having more numerous primary nerves, in their being
less prominent beneath, and uniting closer to the margin ; and in the ochraceous ber-
ries which are often 2-4-seeded (Thwaites 1. c).

119. E. rufo-fulva, Thivaites Enum. 416 ; young parts covered with
short reddish or tawny pubescence, leaves lanceolate acutely acuminate glabrous
above (except when young) shining hairy covered beneath with short adpressed
reddish or tawny tomentum at length glabrous, peduncles axillary fasciculate
1-3-flowered about equal to the petioles, calyx with small subulate bracteoles.
Bedd Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cxi. E. terpnophylla, var /3., Thwaites 1. c. 114.

Ceylon, near Avishavelle, Thwaites.

A tree, 30-40 ft. Leaves 4-5 by 1-1 £ in. or much narrower in some of Mr. Thwaites'
specimens; petiole about £ in. Calyx- lobes unequal, obtuse or subacute. "Differs
from E. terpnophylla by the leaves being pilose beneath, and the primary nerves
anastomosing nearer the margin " (Thwaites 1. c).

120. E. arg entea, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cix. ; leaves ovate-elliptic
to lanceolate with a long narrow acumen rounded at the base silvery pubescent
beneath, peduncles filiform axillary pubescent, bracteoles 2 filiform exceeding
the calyx-lobes persistent, fruit spherical sparingly clothed with short adpressed
hairs.

S. India, Wynaad, alt. 3000 ft., Beddome.

A small tree or shrub. Leaves 4-5^ by l|-l£ in.; nerves rather prominent be-
neath, lateral spreading nearly at right angles from the midrib and running into a
regular looped nerve near the margin. Peduncles 1 in. long, from the old axils or
axillary. Flowers $ to nearly \ in. across. Fruit about the size of a large cherry,
black when dry, crowned with the persistent calyx-lobes.

504 lix. myrtace.e. (J. F. Duthie.) [Eugenia.

§§ Flowers sessile or subsessile.

121. S. floceifera, Thwaites Enum. 115; leaves oblong-lanceolate acutely
acuminate, young parts and inflorescence densely clothed with yellow tomen-
tum, pedicels axillary short clustered, calyx-lobes 4 lanceolate much longer than
the tube. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cxi.

Ceylon ; Keigara Corle, at no great elevation, Thwaites.

A small tree ; branchlets terete. Leaves acutely acuminate, 4-8 by 1-2 in., at
length glabrous ; primary nerves rather prominent beneath, joined into a marginal
looping one ; petiole £-| in. Petals white, equalling the calyx-lobes, \ in.

122. E. fulva, Thwaites Enum. 115 ; leaves elliptic or oblong abruptly
and shortly acuminate rounded at the base smooth above prominently nerved
beneath young parts and inflorescence clothed with yellow tomentum, flowers
axillary and cauline small sessile crowded. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cxi.

Ceylon ; Pasdoon Corle, at no great elevation, Thwaites.

A small tree with terete branchlets. Leaves coriaceous, 4-6 by 2£-3 in., the
young ones rusty -tomentose beneath ; petiole about ^ in.

123. E. rivulorum, Thwaites Enum. 115 ; leaves rather large lanceolate
acuminate narrow at the base covered very slightly beneath with fulvous pubes-
cence at length glabrous, flowers rather large sessile axillary and cauline, calyx-
lobes 4 pilose externally rounded equalling the tube. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal.
Gen. cxi.

Ceylon ; banks of streams in the Singherajah forest between Gralle and Ratna-
poora, at no great elevation, Thwaites.

A small tree with terete branchlets. Leaves 10-14 by 3-4£ in.; midrib stout
longitudinally striated ; principal nerves very prominent below and uniting to form a
conspicuous intramarginal one ; petiole about £ in. Petals oblong,' pale purple,

124. E. insig nis, Thzvaites Enum. 416 ; young parts covered with white
fugacious down, leaves rather large glabrous oblong acuminate smooth above ribs
channelled paler beneath, primary nerves about 12 prominent anastomosing
near the margin, interspaces smooth, flowers axillary and on the branches few
sessile small, calyx with white hairs or floccose, fruit spherical. Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
Anal. Gen. cxi.

Ceylon ; Galpara in the Reigam Corle, Thwaites.

A low branching tree. Leaves 6-8 by 2-3£ in., rather acute at the base ; petiole
£-§ in. Calyx-lobes £ in. Petals rather longer than the calyx, ciliate. Fruit clothed
with white hairs or floccose.

** Whole plant nearly glabrous.

t Flowers sessile.

125. E. decora, Thwaites Enum. 115 ; leaves oblong acuminate rounded
at the base glabrous shining above paler beneath minutely reticulate, flowers
sessile crowded axillary and cauline, berries transversely oblong 2-seeded.
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cxii. ; not of Wall. Cat. 3608.

Ceylon ; Galle, at no great elevation, Thwaites, Champion.

A small tree ; young branches terete. Leaves 4-5 by about 2 in. ; petiole i in.
Flowers white. Birries red or nearly black, ^ by § in. — Champion's single specimen
from Galle has only one flower terminating a lateral branch; the calyx-tube is spa-

•

Eugenia."] lix. myrtacej:. (J. F. Duthie.) 505

ringly clothed with adpressed hairs, the lobes large unequal rounded and ciliate, the
jpetioles are glandular and ciliate at the edges.

ft Flower 8 pedicelled.

126. E. amoena, Thicaites Enum. 114 ; leaves sessile ovate-lanceolate acu-
minate cordate at the base or subamplexicaul glabrous coriaceous, flowers often
terminal subfasciculate, pedicels much shorter than the leaves. Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
Anal. Gen. cxi. E. Mooniana, Wight, var. /3., Thwaites Enum. 114.

Ceylon, Kokool Corle and Delosbage District, up to 1500 ft., Thwaites.

A small tree; branchlets terete. Leaves 2-6 by l£-2£ in. ; nerves inconspicuous
above, more prominent beneath and uniting in a distinct marginal nerve with often a
seco nd fainter one nearer the edge. Pedicels \-^ in. Bracts ovate, acute. Petals 4,
oblong, white, about \ in. in length, longer than the roundish calyx-lobes. — Some of
Mr. Thwaites' specimens, and which he considers to be merely a state of this species,
liave the leaves much thinner, broader at the base, and with rather different nervation,
the pedicels are shorter, and the calyx-lobes sometimes acute.

127. E. Mooniana, Wight El. ii. 13 ; Ic. ii. 551 ; not of Gardner in
Hook. Journ. of Bat. ii. 352 (1843) ; shrubby, glabrous or the young shoots
puberulous, leaves short-petioled ovate acuminate tapering at the base, peduncles
axillary solitary or 2 together 1-flowered, flowers small, calyx-tube ventricose
oblong, lobes 4 reflexed pointed, fruit globose or oblong size of cherry.
Thwaites Enum. 114 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. ex.

Courtallum, Wight ; Nilghibi Hills, Hb. Hohenacker ; Sevaghebry Hills,
Wight ; Concan, Stocks ; Ceylon, up to 4000 ft., Thwaites.

A most variable species in the shape of the leaves and the length of the petioles
and flower-stalks. Leaves l|-2£by |-1£ in. ; acumen shortand obtuse, or prolonged to
a fine point. Pedicels about £ in., axillary or from the old wood below. — It approaches
E. uniflora, but the leaves are thicker and the pedicels are less slender. — Col. Bed-
dome says (1. c.) "I have another species allied to this which may prove to be new
(specimens imperfect) the peduncles are several-flowered."

Vab. gracilis ; leaves longer, fruit oblong. E. gracilis, Bedd. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxv. 217 ; Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. ex. — Anamallay Hills.

E.- uniflora, Linn.; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 441 ; leaves nearly sessile ovate
sublanceolate glabrous rather thin and pellucid-punctate, pedicels axillary usually
solitary and 1-flowered shorter than the leaves, calyx-lobes 4 reflexed, berries
globose, torulose. E. Willdenowii, DC. Prodr. iii. 265; Sprcng. Syst. ii. 480
(Myrtus) ; Wall. Cat. 3623. Syzyg. Michelii, Lam. Diet. iii. 203 ; DC. Prodr. iii.
263. Myrtus braziliana, Linn. Sp. PI. 471. Plinia rubra, Linn. Mant. 243. P.
pedunculata, Linn.f. Suppl. 253. E. zeylanica, Willd. Sp. PI. ii. 963.

A native of S. America, becoming naturalised in^Ceylqn and parts of India.

Vab. subcordata; leaves slightly cordate at the base. W. $ A. Prodr. i. 331 ;
Wight III. ii. 13.

128. E. mabaeoides, Wight III. ii. 13 ; shrubby, leaves short-petioled
obovate-spathulate rigid glabrous shining above densely glandular, flowers on
short pedicels axillary solitary or clustered on leafless branches, calyx-tube
ventricose, limb 4-parted, berry spherical size of small cherry. Thwaites Enum.
114 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cxi.

Ceylon ; Central Provinces 4-7000 ft. alt., Moon, Gardner, Thwaites.
A shrub ; much branched. Leaves resembling those of Maba buccifolia, \-2 by
^-Uin.

129. E. microphylla, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. ex. ; glabrous in all
its parts, young branches angled and winged, leaves opposite occasionally alter-

506 lix. myrtaceje. (J. F. Dnthie.) [Eugenia.

nate thickly coriaceous linear obtuse nerves inconspicuous, peduncles axillary
solitary shorter than the leaves 1-flowered, fruit size of large grain of pepper.

Banks of rivers, Asamboo Hills, Tbavancobe, 4-5000 ft. alt.

A small tree, much branched and very dense. Leaves §-^ by £-£ in., bright red,,
quite glabrous when young, prominently black-dotted ; petiole 1£ in. — I have seen no-
specimens.

130. 22. Thwaitesii, Duthie ; young parts pilose, leaves shortly petioled
firm ovate obtuse rather abruptly acuminate subacute at the base, pedicels axil-
lary fasciculate twice as long as the petioles, flowers small, berry spherical gla-
brous shining. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cxii. E. concinna, Thwaites Enum.
416 ; not of Phil, in Linncea xxviii. 640 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cxii.

Ceylon, Ambagamowa District, Thwaites.

A tree ; branchlets terete. Leaves sparingly pilose, at length glabrous, 3-5 by-
l$-2& in. ; petiole nearly £ in. Pedicels about £ in. or more. Calyx-lobes unequal.
Petals ciliate, downy outside. Berries red, about | in. in diameter.

131. ZS. sing- amp attiana, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. 65. t. 273; leaves
ovate or ovate-oblong retuse or subacute subcordate at the base coriaceous deep
green above very pale beneath quite glabrous, flowers white in very short ter-
minal crowded racemes, calyx and bracts slightly pubescent.

Singampatty Hills, Tinnevelly Ghats, moist forests, alt. 3000 ft., Btddome.

A small dense tree. Leaves about 3 by 1^-2 in. ; primary nerves numerous,
forming a continuous looping one near the margin. Flowers about £ in. across.
Petals prominently nerved.

DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.

E. cabtophyllata, Willd. (the Clove-tree) is a native of the Molucca Islands,
and not indigenous in India.

E. sp. (No. 2420 of Griffith's Herbarium) is too imperfect for description.

E. pulchella, Boxb. is a native of the Molucca Islands.

E. wynaadensis, Bedd. in Mad. Lit. Soc. Journ. ex Ic. PI. Ind. Or. 35, t. 161 ; Fl.
Sylv. Anal. Gen. ex. ; young parts and inflorescence densely fulvo-tomentose, leaves
oblong-lanceolate with a long blunt acumen quite glabrous on both surfaces when
old, peduncles supra -axillary, calyx-lobes lanceolate acuminate a little longer than
the corolla, bracts 2 linear much longer than the flowers, stamens inserted round
the edge of the disk, ovary 2-celled, ovules pendulous from the apex about 4 in each
cell.

Western Peninsula ; Wynaad, alt. 2-3000 ft., Beddome.

A small tree or shrub. Leaves 3-3^ by 1-1^ in., rather thin ; lateral nerves indis-
tinct above, slender beneath and uniting into a continuous one within the margin;,
petiole £-£ in. Peduncles \ in. Fruit?. — This is probably, as Col. Beddome sug-
gests, the type of a new genus intermediate between Pimenta and Eugenia. The-
materials at my disposal are too incomplete for the preparation of a proper generic
description. The above is compiled from Col. Beddome's description of the plant.

Sttbteibe BARRINGTONIEJE. (By C. B. Clarke.)

9. BARRINGTONIA, Forst.

Trees. Leaves alternate, crowded towards the ends of the branches, entire or
slightly crenate-serrate, pinnate-nerved, not dotted. Flowers in elongated ter-
minal and lateral racemes, less often in interrupted spikes ; bracts small, deci-

Barringtonia.'] lix. myrtacej: (barringtonie2E by C. B. Clarke.) 507

duous. Calyx-tube scarcely produced above the ovary ; lobes 2-4 valvate, or
3-5 imbricate. Petals 4, rarely 5, much imbricate, 'somewhat adnate at the
base to the staminal tube. Stamens very many, in several series, connate shortly
into a tube at the base ; filaments filiform, long, all bearing anthers. Ovary
inferior, 2-4-celled, crowned with an annular disc ; style long, simple, stigma
small ; ovules 2-8 in each cell, pendulous. Fruit fibrous or somewhat berried,
globose ellipsoid or quadrangular, crowned with the calyx, by abortion 1-seeded.
Seed ovoid or ellipsoid, without albumen ; embryo large, exhibiting two layers,
cotyledons nearly obsolete. — Distrib. Species 20 ; in tropical Asia, Africa,
Australia and Polynesia, often near the sea.

Sect. Butonica, Juss. (gen.). Calyx valvate, 2-3- (rarely 4-) lobed.
(Barringtonia, Agasta and Butonica of Miers).

* Leaves entire.

1. B. speciosa, Forst. Char. Gen. PI. 76, t. 38; leaves large obovate,
petals 2-2£ in. Linn. f. Suppl. 312 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 288 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii.
636 ; Wall. Cat. 3632, excl. B. ; Plume Bijd. 1096 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 333 ;
Wight It: t. 547 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 485 ; Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc.
se?: ii. Bot. i. 56, t. 10 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 496. B. asiatica, Kurz in Journ. As.
Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 70. B. ? macrophylla, Miq. I. c. 491. Mammea asiatica,
Linn. Sp. PL 731. Agasta splendida, asiatica and indica, Miers I. c. pp. 60-64,
tt. 11, 12.

Ceylon, Thwaites (Southern Deccan Peninsula probably not wild ex Beddome) ;
Andamans, Kurz; Sincapohe, T. Anderson ; on sea-coasts. — Distrib. The shores of
Malaya, Australia and Polynesia.

Tree 30-50 ft., glabrous. Leaves often 15 by 7 in., obtuse, narrowed at the base,
quite entire, sessile. Raceme short, erect ; lower pedicels with a leaf-like bract,
upper bracts much smaller. Calyx closed over the bud; lobes 2, \\ in., oblong.
Petals white. Ovary 4-celled ; ovules about 6 in each cell. Style often exceeding
4 in. Fruit 3 by 3 in., quadrangular or nearly ovoid, by abortion 1-seeded. — Mr.
Miers founds a second genus on a drawing of Forster which represents the fruit as 4-
celled. But the drawing appears to be taken from the fruit of B. speciosa, the very
anomalous embryo having misled Forster to sketch in faintly four septa.

** Leaves crenate-denticulate.

"2. B. racemosa, Blume ; DC Prodr. iii. 288; racemes pendulous pedi-
cels |— | in., calyx-tube in the bud broadly funnel-shaped segments 2-3, fruit ovoid.
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 634; Wall. Cat. 3634; W. fy A. Prodr. 333; Wight Ic. t.
152, including fruit ; Bot. Mag. t. 3831 ; Dak. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 94 ; Kurz
For. Fl. i. 496. B. speciosa, Wall. Cat. 3632 B. B. alba and rubra, Miq. Fl.
Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 487. Eugenia racemosa, Linn. Sp. PI. 673. Stravadium
album and rubrum, DC. Prodr. iii. 289. Butonica racemosa and alba, Miers in
Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. ii. Bot. i. 65, 66, t. 13, fig. 1-17. B. rubra and inclyta,
Miers 1. c. pp. 70, 71, t. 14, fig. 1-3, 19.— Rheede Hart. Mai. iv. t. 6.

On sea-coasts. Concan; Stocks. Quilon, Wight No. 1064. From the Soondeh-
bvn to Malacca ; Wallich, Kurz, Griffith, Maingay. Andamans ; Kurz. — Distrib,
Malaya and Polynesia.

An evergreen tree attaining 50 ft., glabrous. Leaves 10 by 3 in., cuneate-oblong,
lightly crenate-denticulate ; petiole £-± in. Racemes 12-18 in., pendulous, flowers
distant, pedicels |-£ in. Calyx-lobes § in., ovate. Style often l£ in. Fruit If by
1£ in., ovoid, obscurely quadrangular below when quite ripe ; in ripening attaining

508 Lix. myrtace.e (barringtonie^e by C. B. Clarke.) [Barringtonia.

nearly its full length before one-third its full breadth ; in Maingay's examples nearly
ellipsoid : exocarp very thick, fibrous.

3. B. ceylanica, Gardn. MS. ; racemes pendulous pedicels £-| in., calyx-
tube in the bud broadly funnel-shaped segments 4 at first rounded rather than
ovate. B. racemosa var. /3., Thivaites Enum. 119. Butonica ceylanica, Miers
in. Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. ii. Bot. i. 77.

Ceylon, south of the island abundant ; Thwaites.

Treated by Mr. Thwaites as a var. of B. racemosa, and after specific separation by
Miers I.e. reduced to B. racemosa again by Kurz in Journ. As Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 70.
Butonica intermedia, Miers I. c. from New Caledonia differs by calyx-lobes 2-3, ovate.

4. B. conoidea, Griff. Notul 656, Ic. 635, 636 fig. 1 ; racemes suberect,
calyx-tube in the bud campanulate somewhat urn-shaped, fruit ovoid with 8
wing-like descending^ processes from the base. Kurz For. Fl. i. 497. B. alata,
Wall. Cat. 3633. Butonica alata, Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. ii. Bot. i.
70, t. 14, fig. 10-15.

Mouxmein ; Wallich. Coast forests of Tenasseeim ; Kurz. Malacca ; Griffith.

An evergreen shrub or small tree (Kurz), glabrous. Leaves 7 by 2| in., oblong,
narrowed downwards, at the very base cordate, crenulate-serrulate or nearly entire ;
petiole £ in., thick. Raceme 4 in., lax, but erect ; pedicels £-f in., glabrous (or some-
what puberulous, Kurz). Calyx-tube broad at the base, .the 8 descending processes
often manifest in the bud as figured by Griffith. Calyx-lobes usually 2, | in., ovate.
Petals and style as in B. racemosa. Fruit 1^ by 1 in., conically ovoid, broadest at the
very base and there 8-winged ; wings produced downwards in 8 semi-cordate pro-
cesses.— Mr. Miers 1. c. has asserted that Griffith's figures are mixed, and that part of
them refer really to B. alba, Miers : but Kurz has rectified this in Journ. As. Soc.
1877, pt. ii. 70. Griffith's figures agree more closely with the material than do
Miers's.

Sect. Stravadium, Juss. (gen.). Calyx lightly imbricate, 3-5- (usually
4-) lobed. (Stravadium and Doxomma of Miers).

* Ovary 2-cetted, whole calyx less than | in. (Stravadium, Miers).

5. B. acutangula, Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 97, t. 101 ; leaves short-petioled
cuneate-elliptic, racemes elongate pendulous, fruit quadrangular oblong equally
narrowed towards and subtruncate at each end. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 635 ; W. $■
A. Prodr. 333 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 488 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 95;
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 204 ; Brand. For. Fl. 235 ; Kurz. For. Fl. i. 497. Eugenia
acutangula, Linn. Sp. PI. 673. Stravadium acutangulum, Miers in Trans. Linn.
Soc. ser. ii. Bot. i. 80. S. rubrum, Wall. Cat. 3635. S. obtusangulum,demissum,
Rheedii, globosum, Miers 1. c. pp. 81, 82, 86 with syn., and probably (from the
descriptions) several others of which examples authenticated by Mr. Miers have
not been seen. — Rheede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 7.

Throughout India from the Himalaya to Ceylon and Sincapobe very common ;
no tree is more plentiful in the plain of Bengal. — Distbib. Malaya ; and North-West
Australia (if Stravadium gracile Miers be considered the same species as by Bth. Fl.
Austral, iii. 288).

Attaining 30-40 ft., glabrous. Leaves 5 by 2 in., minutely denticulate-crenatev
narrowed into the petiole £-% 'n- Racemes often 1 foot, glabrous, rachis not succu-
lent; pedicels 0-^ in. Calyx-tube in the bud very short, funnel-shaped ; lobes £ in.,
roundish, not longer on the fruit. Petals \ in., pink. Filaments long, usually red.
Fruit l-lji by ^-f in., broadest in the middle, angles broad, rounded. — "Indian Oak "
of the English denizens.

Barringtonia.~\ lix. myrtace^ (barringtoniejE by C. B. Clarke.) 509

Var. pubesccns, sp. Miers, I. c 83 (Stravadium) ; leaves pubescent on the nerves
beneath, racemes and pedicels often more or less pubescent. Deccan Peninsula;
frequent.

** Ovary ^-celled, whole calyx more than § in. (Doxomma, Miers).

f Petiole short usually less than % in.

6. B. augusta, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1873, pt. ii. 233 ; For. Fl. i.

498 ; leaves cuneate-obovate, flowers sessile, calyx-tube in the bud acutely 4-
winged. Stravadium augustum, Wall. Cat. 3637. Doxomma angustatum,
Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. ii. Bot. i. 105, excl. quotations of Jack and
Heifer. D. magnificum, Miers I. c. 106.

Moulmein and Tavoy ; Parish. Amherst ; Wallich. Tenasserim ; Kurz.

An evergreen tree 30-50 ft. Leaves 14 by 7 in., narrowed to the base, minutely
serrulate or nearly entire, glabrous ; petiole \ in. Eaceine sometimes 3 ft., always
elongate with a thick rachis, pendulous ; bract to each flower £ in., ovate or lanceo-
late, caducous. Calyx total length \ in., minutely white-tomentose. Petals f in.,
ovate, white (Parish). Fruit (half-ripe) 1 in., ellipsoid, somewhat obovoid, quadran-
gular, wings 4, narrow.

7. B. Heifer i, C. B. Clarke ; leaves linear-oblong, pedicels \ in., calyx-
tube in the bud funnel-shaped. Doxomma angustatum, Miers in Trans. Linn.
Soc. ser. ii. Bot. i. 105, partly.

Tenassertm and Andamans ; Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2426).

Leaves 20 by 4 in., narrowed to the base, minutely serrulate or nearly entire, gla-
brous ; petiole \ in. Raceme exceeding 1 ft., pendulous, glabrous or minutely puber-
ulous. Calyx total length A in., obscurely puberulous ; tube in the bud terete or very
obscurely quadrangular ; whereas in B. augusta (to which Heifer's plant is referred by
Miers) the wings are broad sinuous even in the bud.

tt Petiole long, usually more tKan £ in.

8. B. pterocarpa, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1873, pt. 234; For. Fl.
i. 498 ; leaves obovate-lanceolate petiole often 1 in., spike 20 in. pendulous,
flowers sessile, calyx-tube in the bud 4-winged. [The syn. D. magnificum
Miers, quoted by Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 70, does not belong.]

Pegu and Martaban to Tenasserim ; Kurz No. 3021.

An evergreen tree, 30-50 ft., glabrous. Leaves 10 by 3| in. (attain 16 in. ex
Kurz), acute, attenuated at the base, minutely serrulate or nearly entire. Rachis of
spike thick, glabrous or obscurely puberulous. Calyx total length f in., tube ob-
scurely puberulous, distinctly 4-winged in the bud but much less so than in B. au-
gusta. Fruit (ex Kurz) 2 in. oblong, quadrangular, angles with narrow but thick
wings, fibrous-fleshy. — This seems very near B. augusta, as Mr. Kurz states.

9. B. macrostachya, Kurz For. Fl. i. 498, including B. pendula Kurz
I. c. ; leaves lanceolate petiole 1-3 in., spike 20 in. pendulous, flowers sessile, calyx-
tube in the bud quadrangular or nearly terete. B. cylindrostachya, Griff. Notul.
iv. 655. B. sarcostachys, Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 490. Stravadium acumi-
natum, Wall. Cat. 3636. Careya macrostachya, Jack in Mai. Misc. i. 47. C.
pendula, Griff. Notul. iv. 661. Doxomma pendulum, cylindrostachya, acumi-
natum, sarcostachys and macrostachyum, Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. ii.
Bot. i. 99, 100, 102, 104, t. 15, fig. 9-15.

Mergui ; Wallich, Griffith, Parish. Malacca ; Griffith, Maingay No. 763.— Dis-
trib. Malaya to Borneo.

510 lix. mtrtace^ (BAERiNGTONiEiE by C. B. Clarke.) [Barringtonia.

An evergreen glabrous tree 30-40 ft. Leaves 12 by S\ in., much narrowed at
either end, minutely crenulate-dentate ; petiole longer than in the other species and
dilated at the base. Spike with thickened rachis, glabrous or scarcely puberulous ;
bracts subulate, small, caducous. Calyx total length f-1 in., tube quadrangular, not
winged in the bud. Petals high red, filaments white. Fruit 2£ by l£ in., ellipsoid,
equally tapering to each end, roundish but with 4 distinct ribs. — Kurz has reduced
all the synonyms above except Careya pendula of Griffith, of which he appears to
have possessed no example and which he supposed to differ by having the flowers
pedicelled. But in Griffith's Careya pendula the flowers are sessile or subsessile, and
it does not appear to differ in any way from Barringtonia macrostachya.

10. B. rig'ida, C. B. Clarke ; leaves long-petioled lanceolate, spikes 2-3 in.
rigid erect sub-tomentose. Doxomma rigidum, Mien in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser.
ii. Bot. i. 104.

Malacca ; Maingay, No. 767.

Leaves 1 2 by 3£ in., glabrous, acute at each end, entire or very nearly so ; petiole
\\ in., not dilated at the base. Spikes from axils not close to the end of the branches,
rusty brown. Fruits |- by \ in., sessile, approximated, erect, with 4 obtuse angles,
nearly equally wide their whole length, subtruncate at apex and base, fibrous. — This
species is quite unlike all others of the section : the fruits are more like those of sect.
Stravadium, but Miers has satisfied himself that they contain 3 abortive cells : flowers
unknown.

10. CAREYA, itorfc.

Trees or very small shrubs. Leaves alternate, crowded towards the ends of
the branches, membranous, slightly crenate-serrate, pinnate-nerved, not dotted,
narrowed at the base, sessile or petioled. Flowers large, in racemes or in-
terrupted spikes. Calyx-tube campanulate or funnel-shaped, hardly -produced
above the ovary ; lobes 4, ovate, imbricate. Petals 4, imbricate. Stamens very
many, in several series, slightly connate at the base ; filaments filiform, inner-
most and outermost without anthers. Ovary inferior, 4-5-celled, crowned by
an annular disc ; style long, simple, stigma small ; ovules very many on axile
vertical placentas, in two rows in each cell. Fruit large, globose, fibrous,
crowned with the calyx ; dissepiment absorbed or obscure. Seeds nmnerous,
lying in pulp, ellipsoid ; albumen 0 ; embryo large, cotyledons obsolete. — Dis-
tkib. Species 3 ; confined to India.

1. C. herbacea, Roxb. Cor. PL iii. 13, t. 217; Fl. Lnd. ii. 638; a smajl
undershrub, leaves cuneate-oblong or obovate serrulate. DC. Prodr. iii. 295 ;
Wall. Cat. 3638 ; Wight Ic. t. 557 ; Brand. For. FL 237 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 499 ;
Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. ii. Bot. i. 96.

Terai of the Himalaya and Khasia Mts., alt 0-1000 ft. ; from KrMAON to Chit-
tagong ; extending throughout dry jungles in the plain of Bengal ; not rare : especi-
ally in sun-grass Terai jungles annually burnt in the dry season.

Rootstock woody, perennial ; herbaceous leafy flowering shoots 6-8 in. Leaves
7 by 2\ in., obtuse, long attenuate at the base, glabrous or obscurely puberulous ;
petiole 0-1 in. Flowers 1-2 rarely several on each shoot, terminal ; peduncles |— 1^-in.
grey puberulo-pubescent ; bracts 2, ^-| in., linear, at the base of the calyx ; flower
subarticulated within the bracts. Calyx total length f in. ; tube campanulate, terete ;
lobes ovate, obtuse. Petals l-ll in., greenish-purple, elliptic. Fruit 1-1£ in. diam.,
globose, crowned by the persistent calyx and often by the style. — Careya herbacea,
Griff. Notul. iv. 660 is a confused description only partly referring to the present
plant ; perhaps mixed in the editing, as Miers suggests.

W -Careya.] lix. myrtace^ (barringtonie^ by C. B. Clarke.) 511

2. C. arborea, Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. 14, t. 218 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 638 ; a tree, leaves
•obovate or oblong, spikes about 3-flowered, petals obtuse. DC. Prodr. iii. 295 ;

Wall. Cat. 3640; W. $ A. Prodr. 334; Wight. IU. 99, 100; Dalz. $ Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 95 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 205 : Brand. For. Fl. 236 ; Kurz For. FL i.
499 ; Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. ii. Bot. i. 97. — Rheede Hort. Mai. iii. 36.

Throughout India, alt. 0-4000 ft. ; from the Himalaya to Travancore and Tenas-
serim : no example from Ceylon.

Attaining' 30-60 ft. Leaves 12 by 6 in., oblong or orbicular, obtuse or shortly
acuminate, narrowed at the base, crenate-denticulate, glabrous ; petiole 0-1 in. Spikes
3-8 in. ; flowers usually few, sessile ; bracts 3, unequal. Calyx total length f-1 in.,
terete, campanulate, obscurely pubescent ; lobes ovate, obtuse. Petals If in., white,
elliptic. Filaments red. Ovules in two rows in each cell of the ovary {Kurz). Fruit
2£ by 2 in., globose, surmounted by an enlarged mouth having a depressed pit at the
vertex within the calyx-teeth. Seeds §-£ in., ellipsoid. — Dissepiments of the fruit
permanent, at least sometimes. C. orbiculata, Miers I. c. i. 98 1. 16, fig. 6-8 (founded
on Griffith's example Kew Distrib. No. 2428 collected at Mergui) has the ovary slightly
verrucose, apparently from the attack of some insect.

3. C. sphaerica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 636 ; a tree, leaves obovate or orbicular,
spikes many-flowered, petals acute white. Wall. Cat. 3639 ; Wight Ic. t. 147,
556 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 500 ; Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. ii. Bot. i. 97, t. 16,
fig. 9-15.

Mountains of Chittagong, Roxburgh.

This is very doubtfully separable from the preceding species : Roxburgh says that
in each cell of the ovary the ovules are in six rows (not in two as in C. arborea). Mr.
Kurz does not appear to have seen the tree, and closely follows Roxburgh. Neither
Col. Beddome nor C. B. Clarke have ever distinguished C. spheerica alive. Mr. Miers
has set aside in the herbarium (as C. sph&rica) examples collected as C. arborea by
Wallich, Rottler, Ritchie and J. D. H., so that none of these could have distinguished
the tree in the field.

11. PLANCHONIA, Blume.

Trees. Leaves alternate, crowded towards the ends of the branches, mem-
branous, crenulate, pinnate-nerved, without dots. Racemes short, terminal ;
flowers greenish-yellow or white. Calyx-tube turbinate, scarcely produced
above the ovary ; lobes 4, imbricate. Petals 4, imbricate. Stamens very many,
in several series, slightly connate at the base, innermost without anthers.
Ovary inferior, 3-4-celled, crowned by an annular disc ; style long, simple,
stigma, small ; ovules many in each cell. Fruit (ex Miers and Kurz) large,
3-1-celled, fibrous, ovoid, crowned by the calyx. Seeds several, ellipsoid, lying
in pulp ; albumen 0 ; embryo horseshoe-shaped, cotyledons short. — Distrib.
Species 2, extending from the Andamans to Australia.

1. P. littoralis, Van Houtte in Fl. des Serres vii. 25 ; glabrous, leaves
obovate-oblong, flowers greenish on very short thick pedicels. Miers in Trans.
Linn. Soc. ser. ii. Bot. i. 94 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 500. P. littoralis, Miers I. c. Piri-
garda valida, Blume Bijd. 1096. Gustavia valida, DC. Prodr. iii. 290 ; Hassk.
in Flora, 1844, 595.

Andamans, in the evergreen coast-forests ; Kurz.

An evergreen tree 40-60 ft. Leaves 7 by 3^ in., obtuse or scarcely acute, much
narrowed at the base, denticulate ; petiole |-^ in. Raceme short, terminal ; flowers
middle-sized. Calyx-tube \ in., top-shaped, obsoletely 8-angled ; segments \ in., ovate,
rounded. Petals 1 in., obtuse, reflexed. Filaments 1^ in., purple. — (Description
chiefly copied from Kurz).

512 lx. melastomaceje. (C. B. Clarke.)

DOUBTFUL GENUS.

Lencymmaea, Presl. Epimel Bot. 211, a genus supposed by Kurz to come next
Planchonia, has opposite leaves and branches, and is probably stipulate (from Presl's
description) : at all events it cannot be allied to Planchonia.

Order LX. MELASTOMACEX. (By C. B. Clarke.)

Herbs or shrubs, more rarely trees, sometimes climbers. Leaves opposite or rarely
whorled, generally petioled, entire or nearly so, often palmately 3-5-7-nerved from
near the base to the apex (usually pinnate-veined in Memecylori) ; stipules 0.
Flowers spiked panicled or corymbed, rarely solitary or clustered, regular, herma-
phrodite. Calyx-tube united by vertical walls to the ovary, rarely nearly free ;
limb usually 4-5- (sometimes 3- or 6-) lobed, sometimes truncate, rarely falling off
in a cap. Petals as many as the calyx-lobes, contorted in the bud, on the mar-
gin of the calyx-limb. Stamens as many or more than (frequently twice as many
as) the petals, inserted with them ; alternate stamens often shorter sometimes
rudimentary, filaments bent inwards in the bud ; anthers opening at the summit
by one or two pores, rarely by slits down the face ; connective often appendaged
near the base by bristles tubercles or a spur. Ovary 4-5- (rarely 3- or 6-)
celled (in Memecylon 1-celled) ; style simple, filiform, rarely short ; ovules very
many (except in Memecylon) ; placentas in the Melastomece axile, in the Astro-
niece parietal, in Memecylon free central. Fruit included in the calyx-tube,,
capsular or berried, breaking up irregularly or by slits through the top of its
cells. Seeds minute, very many (in Memecylon one only) ; albumen 0 ; coty-
ledons short (or in some of the Memecylece long thin convolute). — Distrib. Spe-
cies 1800, tropical with a few subtropical ; very many in America, many in
south-east Asia, a few in Africa and Polynesia.

Suborder 1. Melastomeae. Ovary 3-6- (usually 4-5-) celled. Ovules
very many, on placentas radiating from the axis. Seeds very many. Anthers
opening by a single terminal pore (rarely by 2).

Tribe I. Osbeckieae. Seeds curved through half a circle, minutely punc-
tate.

Stamens all alike. Fruit capsular • . 1. Osbeckia.

Stamens all nearly alike. Fruit a berry 2. Otanthera.

Stamens very unequal 3. Melastoma.

Tribe II. Oxysporeae. Seeds straight, oblong or cuneate, raphe often
excurrent. Ovary with the vertex usually free conical. Petals more than 3.,
Inflorescence not scorpioid. Fruit capsular.

* Inflorescence terminal {see also Ochthocharis).

Panicles broad showy 4. Oxyspora.

Large climber. Flowers umbellate 5. Kendrickia.

Panicles narrow. Flowers minute 6. Aixomorphia.

** Inflorescence axillary, stamens equal, flowers ?ninut&.

Stamens 4 7. Blastus.

Stamens 10 « 8. Ochthocharis.

Stamens 8 9. Anerincleistus-

Osbechia.'] lx. melastomace^;. (C. B. Clarke.) 513

Tribe III. Sonerileae. Seeds straight, oblong or cuneate, often angular,
raphe sometimes excurrent. Ovary flattened or depressed at the vertex.
Fruit capsular.

Petals 3. Inflorescence scorpioid 10. Sonebila.

Petals 4. Flowers nearly sessile 11. Sabcopyeamis.

Petals 4. Flowers in a long-peduncled head 12. Phyixagathis.

Tribe IV. BXedinillese. Seeds straight, cuneate or obovate, often angu-
lar. Connective often appendaged near the base. Fruit baccate.

* Longer stamens having two long bristles attached to the base of the connec-
tive in front.

•Cymes lateral 13. Martjmia.

Panicles terminal 14. Dissochjeta.

** Longer stamens having the connective at base variously appendaged but not
with two long bristles in front.

Four vertical plates on tbe ovary 15. Anplectbum.

*** Stamens equal or nearly so.

■Connective at base without bristles behind . 16. Medintlla.

Connective at base with bristles behind . 17. Pogonantheba.

•
Suborder II. Astronieee. Ovary 4-5-celled ; ovules very many on
parietal nearly basal placentas. Seeds very many. Anthers short opening by
filits. Fruit baccate.

Calyx-tube smooth. Panicles terminal ....*.... 18. Astbonia.

Calyx-tube verrucose. Cymes small 19. Ptebnandba.

Calyx-tube with scales. Flowers solitary or clustered ... 20. Kibessia.

Suborder III. ZlXemecylese. Ovary 1-celled ; ovules about 9 on a basal
short free central placenta. Stamens equal ; anthers short, opening by pores
or short slits. Berry 1-seeded. — Leaves usually pinnate-nerved.

Stamens 8 ' 21. Memecylon.

1. OS BECK! A, Linn.

Herbs or shrubs, mostly erect and setose ; branches commonly tetragonous.
Leaves opposite or sometimes ternate, entire, subcoriaceous, 3-7-nerved. Flowers
terminal, solitary capitate or panicled, purple mauve or white, often bracteate.
Calyx-tube ovoid, carrying stellate hairs or pectinate scales ; limb 6- or 4-fid,
usually stellately hairy (in O. aspera and O. Rheedii vnth. simple hairs). Petals
5-4. Stamens 10 or 8, equal or subequal ; anthers oblong, truncate attenuate or
beaked ; connective not produced at the base, slightly swollen or with two
tubercles. Ovary inferior, 4-5-celled, more or less adherent to the calyx, setose
at the apex ; style long, simple ; ovules very numerous on placentas radiating
from the axis. Capsule opening by 4- 5 pores in its free vertex. Seeds very
many, curved through half a circle, covered with minute elevated points. — Dis-
trib. An eminently Indian genus ; 29 out of the 32 species being found in
India, two in Malaya, one in Australia ; and one Indian species extending also to
China and North Australia.

VOL. II. L L

514 lx. melastomace^. (C. B. Clarke.) [OsbecJcia.

[With regard to the following generally accepted sections of Osbeckia founded pri-
marily on the 4-fid or 5-fid flowers it should be premised that several Osbeckias which
have the flowers normally 4-fid carry also a few 5-fid flowers on the same plant ; and
that sometimes a strong plant may produce all or nearly all the flowers 5-fid. This
occurs eminently in 0. crinita and in 0. cupularis.]

Sect. I. Amblyanthera. Perianth normally 4-merous. Anthers not
beaked. Herbs or small shrubs.

1. O. truncata, Don ms. ; W. fy A. Prodr. 322 ; hairs on the stem patent,
flowers capitate often with two or four leaves close under the head, bristles on
the apex of the ovary 16-20, fruit |— § in. broad 8-ribbed ovoid-oblong. Wight
Ic. t. 375 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 53. 0. muralis, Naud. in Ann. Sc.
Nat. Ser. 3. xiv. 56. 0. Leschenaultiana, Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 92. O.
zeylanica, Steud. in Herb. Hohenack. No. 577.

Throughout the Deccan Peninsula, alt. 0-4000 ft. ; extending plentifully to Chota
Nagpore. East Bengal, Mudhopoor ; C. B. Clarke.

Stems 4-16 in., annual, 4-angled. Leaves 1 in., elliptic, subacute, 3-nerved, hairy
on both surfaces, drying yellow ; petiole ^ in. Bracts ovate or oblong, glabrous on
their backs. Calyx-tube and teeth with stalked stellate hairs ; teeth erect, subper-
sistent. Petals less than £ in., purple. Capsule occasionally 5-celled.

Vae. Kurzii ; plant scarcely 2 in. with very small leaves and flowers, capsule
ovoid ribs altogether obscure.— Parasnath Summit, Behar, alt. 4200 ft. ; Kurz.

2. O. cupularis, Don ms.; W. § A* Prodr. 323; flowers subcapitate
often with two or four leaves close under the head sometimes more lax, bristles
on the apex of the ovary very numerous, fruit rarely less than \ in. broad
obscurely many-ribbed ovoid. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 61 ; Triana
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 55# O. brachystemon, Naud. 1. c. 67 and xiii. t. 7,
f. 1 ; Triana I. c. 63. O. truncata, Aim. in Hook. Comp. Pot. Mag. ii. 308 ;
Naud. I. c. 57. O. confertiflora, Naud. I. c. 59. O. Leschenaultiana, Wight Ic.
t. 996 ; Thwaites Enum. 104 partly ; not of DC. O. Wightiana, Benth. in
Wall. Cat. 4074 {not in Wall. Cat. 4060).

Mountains of the southern part of the Deccan Peninsula and of Ceylon ; Wight
No. 1148 and 1095 (and No. 1093 with 4-fid and 5-fid flowers). Mysore; Lobb.
Bababoodun Hills; Law. Nilghiris ; Hohenacker No. 963 (named O. Leschenaultiana).
(Mergui ? Herb. Griffith). Ceylon ; Gardner.

Annual and biennial, drying yellow. Stems 8-20 in., tetragonous, glaucous up-
wards, with simple ascending often closely-adpressed hairs. Leaves 1-2 in., elliptic,
subacute, 3- (or sub- 5-) nerved, hairy on both surfaces; petiole ^-| in. Bracts ovate
or oblong, glabrous on their backs. Calyx-tube and teeth with stalked stellate hairs ;
teeth patent subpersistent. Petals f-f in., dark-purple or nearly white.

Var. erythrocephala, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 58. O. Leschenaultiana,
Thwaites Enum. 104.— Ceylon, alt. 6000 ft. ; Thwaites No. 1576 and 284, Gardner r
Walker. — Turns black in drying ; stem below with deflexed hairs ; stellate hairs
about the inflorescence a rufous-brown ; fruit sometimes large somewhat glaucous
and slightly produced at the vertex; flowers in this variety seem always 4-fid. —
Triana distinguishes (under the name O. cupularis) "Wight's No. 1093 which has
sometimes 5-fid flowers, the stamens 8, 9 or 10, from Wight's No. 1148 which he takes
as O. brachystemon : but the two seem identical. Mr. Thwaites makes but one
.species here. Triana arranges the main sections of Osbeckia according as the
flowers are 4-fid or 5-fid ; he thus places O. cupularis in the 5-fid section at a great
distance from O. brachystemon ; then he says (under the head of O. Leschenaultiana)
that O. cupularis has 4-fid flowers. O. Leschenaultiana is the name generally found
in herbaria for this variable species, but Triana is right in saying that DC. meant by
O. Leschenaultiana a very different plant.

Osbechia."] lx. melastomace^. (C. B. Clarke.) 515

3. O. parvifolia, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 308; stems gla-
brous or with scattered small hairs, flowers few pedicelled with lanceolate bracts
£-£ in. but not with large floral leaves, fruit \ in. broad ovoid obscurely ribbed.
Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 58 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 53. (X
Leschenaultiana, Thwaites Enum. p. 104, partly. 0. zeylanica, Bot. Reg. t. 565,

Ceylon, Walker No. 332.

Small, woody, procumbent, with the habit of Thyme. Leaves £-§ in., ovate-sub-
acute, nearly sessile, shortly setose on both surfaces, drying black. Calyx-tube and
teeth with stalked stellate rufous hairs ; teeth suberect, subpersistent. — Mr. Thwaites
treats this also as a var. of 0. cupularis, and it has all the appearance of being an
alpine form of that plant.

4. O. Rheedii, Thwaites Enum. p. 104; stiffly shrubby, scabrous, leaves
rigid 3 -nerved harshly scabrous on both surfaces or glabrous above, flowers 1-4
clustered, calyx-tube with adpressed simple hairs, teeth long-lanceolate with
erect simple hairs.

Ceyxon ; Wight, Walker, Thwaites.

Small, woody, much branched. Leaves 1 in., elliptic or oblong, narrowed at both
ends ; petiole \ in. Petals § in., pale purple. Fruit \-\ in. broad, ovoid, truncate. —
Mr. Thwaites states the flowers 4-fid, as they are in all the Kew examples ; Triana
puts the species in his section Asterostoma with 5-fid flowers without explanation.
The plant differs from Asterostoma in the smaller flowers and (what is of more
importance) in the anthers which are truncate at top and altogether those of section
Amblyanthera.

Sect. II. G-enuinae. Flowers normally 4-fid, not large. Calyx campanu-
late, not produced or produced into a short neck in the fruit. Anthers beaked.

5. O. chinensis, Linn. ; JRoxb. Fl. Lnd. ii. 224 ; leaves broadly oblong or
linear suddenly narrowed at the base, flowers capitate, fruiting calyx-tube with
few (or none) adpressed pectinate scales soon smooth shining. Lour. Fl. Cochinch.
228 ; DC. JProdr. iii. 141 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4026 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii.
53. O. angustifolia, Bon Prodr. 221 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 142 ; Wall. Cat. 4067 ; PL
As. Bar. t. 251 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 69. O. japonica, Naud.
I. c. 70. O. glabrata, Wall. Cat. 4071. O. myrtifolia, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 51.

0. linearis, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 51, ivithjig. ; Wall. Cat. 4969,pa?-tly ; Miq. Fl.
Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 519 ; Naud. 1. c. 70 and xiii. t. 7, fig. 4. O. zeylanica, Naud..

1. c. 71. O. decora, Wall. Cat. 4070. Tristemma angustifolium, Blume Bijd.
1079 ; DC. P-odr. iii. 144.

Himalaya Terai from Rumaon to Bhotan, up to 4000 ft. alt. Abundant in
North and East Bengal including Assam and Khasia and thence to Singapore. Also
in Chota Nagpore, alt 2000-4000 ft. — Distrib. Through China and Malaya to Japan
and North Australia.

Stems 2 ft., branches descending, tetragonous, with adpressed hairs. Leaves com-
monly 2 in., narrow-oblong, sometimes 6 in., long-linear, in the Parasnath variety ellip-
tic-oblong from a subcordate base, acute' 3-5-nerved, hairy on both surfaces ; petiole
less than £ in. Bracts ovate, on the back glabrous or with a few scattered hairs.
Calyx-teeth, lanceolate, glabrous, not keeled on the back, ciliate on the margin ; hairs
at their tips not spreading stellate. Petals ^ in., mauve. Anthers with a beak about
half their own length. Bristles on the apex of the ovary about 16. Fruit | in. wide
(or much larger in the Parasnath variety), ovoid, with a short neck, often glabrous,
sometimes with few or several bristles, calyx- limb never persistent ; in the Pegu ex-
amples the neck is much prolonged widened at the top. — The figure Bot. Mag. t. 4026
rejected by Bentham and Triana, admitted by Naudin, is the true plant: the anther
is drawn too long-beaked for O. octandra to which Triana refers it, and the accom-
panying text states the anthers to be "longish beaked"; also the plant is stated to

t l 2

516 lx. MELAST0MACE2E. (C. B. Clarke.) [Osbeckia.

have been imported from China "where 0. chinensis is common, 0. octandra unknown.
Triana appears to have rejected the figure because it shows 5 petals ; the accompany-
ing text states the calyx to be 4-5-fid. Now there are several instances of normally
4-fid Osbeckias having some or many 5-fid flowers ; but there is no recorded instance
of a normally 5-fid Osbeckia producing 4-fid flowers. The Bot. Reg. t. 542 is an in-
ferior figure, but from similar reasoning is probably 0. chinensis also.

6. O. cap it at a, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4072 ; leaves ovate acute from a
broad or cordate base subsessile, flowers capitate, calyx-segments lanceolate
rounded on the back ciliate. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 68 ; Triana in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 53. 0. glauea, Naud. 1. c. Osbeckioidea, Grif. Ic. 639.

East Bhotan, Tassangsee, alt. 4500 ft. ; ex Griffith Journ. Khasia Mts., alt.
4000-5000 ft. ; plentiful.

A perennial herb 8-20 in., branched from the base ; branches tetragonous, with
adpressed bristles. Leaves 1 in., hairy on both surfaces, 3-9-nerved, nerves deeply
sunk on the upper surface in the dried specimens. Bracts ovate, acute, hairy on the
back. Calyx-tube sometimes densely covered with clustered bristles, often with pec-
tinate bristle-bearing scales at the apex only, sometimes even when young altogether
glabrous. Petals ^ in., mauve. Anthers with a beak more than half their own
length. Bristles on tile apex of the ovary about 16. Fruit ovoid, i in. wide, often
glabrous, sometimes more or less bristle-bearing ; neck short, calyx-limb never per-
sistent.

7. O. zeylanica, Willd. Sp. PI. ii. 300; leaves oblong or elliptic nar-
rowed at both ends, petiole 0-^ in., flowers capitate, calyx-tube with spreading
stellately hairy scales persistent on the fruit. Pluk. t. 173, f. 4 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind.
ii. 223 ; Wall. Cat. 4069 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 322 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
519 ; Thwaites Fnum. p. 104 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 53. O. seri-
alis, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 67. O. debilis, Naud. I. c. 65.

Tropical Deccan Peninsula, Wight No. 1143; Bababoodun Hills, Malabar;
Law. Ceylon ; Thwaites.

Erect, annual, 3-15 in. ; branches ascending, tetragonous, with adpressed bristles
or nearly glabrous. Leaves |-1 \ in., hairy on both surfaces. Bracts very narrow.
Calyx-segments keeled on their backs, often setose, ciliate on the margin, with stellate
prominently-spreading bristles at their tips. Petals § in., purple-mauve. Anthers
with a beak more than half their own length. Bristles on the apex of the ovary about
16. Fruit £-i in. broad, ovoid-oblong, calyx-limb deciduous.

Var. Helferi ; neck of fruit more produced upwards with 8 ribs, pectinate scales
on the lower half of the fruit placed in three whorls encircling it horizontally. — Te-
nasserim and Andamans, Heifer. Wallich, No. 4069 partly. — O. zeylanica is united
with O. chinensis Linn, by Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 74.

Sect. III. Ceramicalyx. Shrubs or stout herbs. Peiiarlh normally
4-merous. Calyx campanulate produced in fruit into a long or short neck or
altogether truncate. Anthers large, produced into a very long beak.

8. O. hispidissima, Wight Ic. t. 1612; stems with reflexed strong
bristles |— § in., bracts to the pedicels round many extra ones without pedicels,
calyx-segments oblong obtuse glabrous on the back strongly ciliate. Triana in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 53.

Mysore ; Wostara, Cleghom. Deccan Peninsula; Munda Eani, Wight No. 1100.

Suffruticose, erect ; branches stout, tetragonal. Leaves 4-6 in., lanceolate, nar-
rowed at both ends, with strong bristles scattered on both surfaces or in one specimen
nearly glabrous, nerves 3 strong and 2-4 faint ; petiole £-f in. Corymbs about 5-
flowered ; flowers dark crimson (Wight). Calyx-tube with scattered penicillate

Osbeckia.'] lx. melastomace^e. (C. B. Clarke.) 517

bristle-bearing scales. Anthers with a beak much longer than half their length, with
two tubercles at the base. Bristles on the apex of the ovary more than 50. Fruit
£-§ in. broad, urn-shaped, entirely without neck ; scales permanent, calyx-segments
deciduous.

9. O. stellata, Wall. Cat. 4062 ; branches with short adpressed rigid
hairs, calyx-tube most densely covered with stellate white yellow or brown
hairs, teeth stellate hairy, neck of the fruit short or not exceeding half the
length of the fruiting ovary dilated at the top. DC. Prodr. 142 as to var. a. ;
Bot. Reg. t. 674 ; Hook. Exot. Fl. i. t. 37 ; Don Prodr. 221, partly. 0. crinita,
Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 72 ; Smith in Wall. Cat. 4062 ; Kurz in
Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 75. Melastonia crinita, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 402.

Himalaya Teeai from Ktjmaon to Bhotan, common; ascending the hills tc
5000 ft. alt. Chittagong ; Roxburgh. — Distbib. Canton.

Shrub 4-6 ft. ; branches tetragonal. Leaves 3 in., lanceolate, 5-nerved, with
short hairs on both surfaces or in hot moist valleys glabrous, narrowed or subcordate
at the base ; petiole § in. Flowers large, rose-purple, clustered or in somewhat close
corymbs ; bracts ovate, acute, not very hairy on the back. Calyx-tube so densely
clothed with hairs as to have a woolly appearance and texture. Bristles on the apex
of the ovary about 20. Fruit f by £ in. including the short neck, ovoid-oblong, densely
woolly. — Don's description of O. stellata says the flowers are 4-5-fid ; as 5-fid flowers
are not known in our O. stellata but are frequent in our O. crinita, Don probably in-
cluded under one name both our species. Naudin's descriptions of O. stellata and O.
crinita only differ in assigning the long-necked fruit to O. stellata ; therefore Naudin's
O. stellata is our O. crinita. As Triana gives no descriptions or remarks, but quotes
both "Wall. Cat. 4062 and Naudin's O. stellata as one species, it cannot be guessed
which of the two forms Triana took as O. stellata. The real distinction between O.
crinita and O. stellata lies in the extreme thick woolliness of the covering of the
calyx-tube in our O. stellata : consequently Sir J. Smith has written on the original
Wall. Cat. 4062 (type spec.) " Osbeckia ? nov. sp. (crinita)." Sir "W. J. Hooker states
(Exot. Fl. 1. c.) that he changed the name from O. crinita to O. stellata and got Don
to accept the name O. stellata. Subsequently Mr. Bentham gave the name O. crinita
to the next species which has a less hairy calyx.

10. O. crinita, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4066; branches with spreading
hairs, calyx-tube with many stellate rufous-brown hairs teeth stellate hairy, neck
of the fruit (in Wall. Oat. 4066 typical example not quite ripe) equalling or
exceeding the fruiting ovary much longer than its own breadth. O. stellata,
Don Prodr. 221, partly. O. stellata var. 0., DC. Prodr. iii. 142. O. stellata,
Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 72.

Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 4000-8500 ft., abundant. Khasia Mrs., alt. 3000-6000 ft.
Motilmein, alt. 7000 ft. ; Parish.

Shrub 4-8 ft., much branched. Leaves 2-4 in., lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate,
bristly on both surfaces, narrowed or subcordate at the base ; petiole £- § in. Flowers
large (generally smaller than those of O. stellata), 4-fid and not infrequently 5-fid,
purple or pure white, in somewhat close corymbs ; bracts ovate, acute, usually very
hairy on the back. Bristles on the apex of the ovary about 20. Fruit f in. including
the neck, ovoid, suddenly narrowed into the cylindric neck, often nearly glabrous. — The
bushes of O. crinita at Darjeeling have usually a few 5-fid flowers at the summits of
the branches : and there is a large-flowered white variety at 4000 ft. alt. which has
all the flowers 5-fid. O. speciosa, Herb. Hook, (not Don) is a low-level form with spread-
ing hairs on the stem but the stellate hairs of the calyx white or yellow not rufous.

11. O. rostrata, Don Prodr. 221; stem quadrangular glabrous or with
scattered patent hairs, corymb compound large, fruit ovoid suddenly narrowed
into a long cylindric neck. DC. Prodr. iii. 143 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii. 53 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 74. O. ternifolia, Don Prodr.

518 lx. melastomace.e. (0. B. Clarke.) [Osbeckia.

221 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 142 ; Wall. Cat. 4058. O. pulchella, Wall. Cat. 4059 ;
Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 73. O. campestris, Wall. Cat. 4063; O.
longicollis, Wall. Cat. 4065. Melaetonia pulchella, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 403. —
Melastomacea, Griff. Ic. 638.

In the swamps at the foot of the Himalaya, from Nipal to Burma ; abundant in
North and East Bengal including Assam at 500-1000 ft. alt.; and (ex J. D. H.)
ascends the hills to 4000 ft. alt.

Erect, 4-8 ft., virgate, hardly divided except towards the corymb. Leaves 3-8 in.,
5-nerved, often in whorls of three, broadly lanceolate, glabrous or with long hairs scat-
tered on both surfaces ; petiole £-£ in. Corymb often with elongated branches ; bracts
ovate, glabrous or little hairy. Calyx when young glabrous or somewhat densely
stellate hairy. Petals rose-purple. Bristles on the apex of the ovary 0 or about 20.
Fruit ■§• in., generally glabrous finally, sometimes with scattered stellate hairs. — A
species easily recognised by its habitat (Terai- or rice-swamps), its erect undivided
stem and its rose-purple flowers. It varies greatly in hairiness.

Var. 1. pulchella, Benth. ; stem leaves calyx and apex of ovary absolutely
glabrous.

Var. 2. longicollis, Wall. ; stem with hispid patent scattered bristles, leaves
bristly-hairy on both surfaces, young calyx somewhat densely stellate-hairy, fruit with
scattered stellate hairs.

Var. 3. O. marginulata, Wall. Cat. 4064 ; stem and capsule with ascending hairs.
— Burma.

Sect. IV. A shrub. Perianth large 4-merous. Anthers without beaks.

12. O. gracilis, JBedd. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 216 ; erect, slender, nearly
glabrous, leaves 2|-3 in. narrow lanceolate 3-nerved bristle-hairy on both sur-
faces, petiole f-§ in., peduncles with 2-3 large flowers, calyx-tube with a few
remote bristles lobes ciliate ended by a bunch of bristles, anthers without beaks.
(Resembling O. longicollis Wallich i.e. O. rostrata above).

Deccan Peninsula ; Anamallay Mts. ; alt. 4000 ft., Col. Beddome.

This species (only known from Col. Beddome's description here copied) is referred
by Triana {Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 54) to his section Ceramicalyx, which has very
long beaks to the anthers. Col. Beddome's plant seems really nearer O. octandra DC.
below.

Sect. V. Asterostoma. Shrubs. Perianth large 5-merous. Anthers
attenuate upwards not beaked.

[The series of species following from No. 12 to No. 19 inclusive is quite unbroken :
the flowers, anthers, fruit and hairs on the ovary are much the same in all. The spe-
cies are separated by minute or trifling characters only ; Triana makes more than the
following eight, Thwaites less, out of the same material.]

13. O. buxifolia, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 309; leaves £ in.
subsessile ovate obtuse 3- 5-nerved rufous woolly beneath nearly glabrous striolate
above, calyx-teeth \-^ in. long-lanceolate acute rufous-villous without. Naud. in
Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 63 ; Thwaites Enum. p. 105 ; Triana in Trans. Linn.
JSoc. xxviii. 54.

Ceylon, alt. 6000-8000 ft. ; Walker, Gardner, Thwaites.

Small, woody, branched ; branches and innovations rufous shaggy. Flowers 1-3,
clustered at the end of the branches. Fruit campanulate, truncate, rufous-hairy.

Var. 1. typica; hairs on the calyx-tube with a long stem standing at right
angles to the surface of the tube very stellate.

Var. 2. minor, Thwaites No. 2618 ; hairs on the calyx-tube simple villous ad-
pressed, flowers smaller than in the type. .

OsbecJcia.] lx. melastomace^i. (C. B. Clarke.) 519

14. O. aspera, Blume in Flora, 1831, p. 474 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate
or elliptic-acute sparsely hairy on both surfaces or nearly glabrous beneath except
on the nerves, calyx-tube strigose or sparingly clothed with pectinate bristle-
bearing scales, segments \ in. ovate-oblong obtuse ciliate with a few clustered
but scarcely stellate bristles on the top. W. fy A. Prodr. 323 (excl. syn. 0.
glauca Benth.) ; Wight Ic. 377 ; Thwaites Enwn. p. 105 (as to var a. and |8.
only) ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 74 •, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii. 54. O. Kleinii, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 309 ; Triana I. c. O.
minor, Triana I.e. 55. Melastoma asperum, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 145 (omit-
ting syn.).

Deccan Peninsula ; Wight. Ceylon ; at no great elevation, Thwaites.

A low shrub, woody below ; branches often elongate, adpressedly scabrous. Leaves
1-2 in. ; petiole £-£ in. Corymbs usually 3-6-flowered. Calyx-lobes much longer
than broad. Fruit \- g- in. broad, campanulate, truncate. — Triana founded his new
sp. 0. minor on Mr. Thwaites' No. 1569 ; and does not state in what particulars the
species differs from 0. aspera, 0. Kleinii and 0. glauca ; but they must be very
minute.

Var. 1. typica; no stellate hairs on the calyx.

Var. 2. Kleinii ; several or very few stellate hairs on the calyx-tube, hairs at the
summits of calyx-lobes clustered but hardly stellate.

15. O. glauca, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4073 ; leaves elliptic narrowed or
obtuse at either end softly hairy on both surfaces, calyx-tube with scattered
small stellate hairs teeth ~ in. obtuse glabrous on the back ciliate with one
stellate hair at the summit. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 54. 0. aspera,
Bot. Mag. 5085.

Trincomalee, Travancore, Quelon are the localities on the examples of Wall.
Cat. 4073.

Small, woody, branching ; branches adpressedly hairy, glaucous upwards. Leaves
1-1 £ in. ; petiole £-i in. Calyx-lobes much broader than long. Fruit £-£ in. broad,
campanulate, truncate. — With larger flowers and more silky hairs than 0. aspera.

16. O. Walker i, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 309; leaves elliptic
narrowed at both ends margins not recurved hairy on both surfaces, calyx-
tube adpressedly fulvous-hairy teeth narrowly lanceolate or linear uniformly
fulvous-hairy without cilia or stellate hairs. Thwaites Enum. p. 105 ; Triana
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 54, excl. var. /3. Bechetii.

Ceylon; alt. 6000-8000 ft.; Walker, Gardner, Thwaites No. 1571.

A small shrub ; branches hispid. Leaves 1 in., 3-nerved ; petiole ^ in. Flowers
1-3, in terminal clusters. Calyx-tube witto small clustered substellate hairs. Fruit
^-f in. broad, campanulate, truncate. — This species is close to O. buxifolia, Arn.
from which it differs by the petioled leaves without recurved margins, and by the
adpressed hairs on calyx-tube. But Thwaites' specimen No 2618 has leaves with
recurved margins and adpressed hairs on the calyx-tube : and is called 0. buxifolia
&. minor by Thwaites, O. Walkeri £. Bechetii by Triana.

17. O. Wigrhtiana, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4060 ; silkily hairy towards the
ends of the branches, leaves 5-7- nerved softly hairy on both surfaces elliptic or
oblong usually acute, flowers 1-5 clustered, calyx-tube densely covered with
pectinate scales fringed by long bristles, teeth \ in. ovate-oblong obtuse covered
with simple or somewhat clustered hairs. W. 8f A. Prodr. 323 ; Wight Lc.
998 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 63 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii. 54.

Deccan Peninsula, Southern Mountains. Ceylon, alt. 3000-5000 ft., Thwaites
{No. 1570 var. 5.).

520 lx. MELASTOMACE.3E. (C. B. Clarke.) [OsbecMa.

A branched shrub. Leaves l£-3£ in. ; petiole £-J in. Fruit | in. wide, campa-
nulate, truncate. — United by Mr. Thwaites with 0. aspera above, from which it differs
by the more pectinate-scaly calyx, and hardly by any other character.

18. O. Leschenaultiana, DC. Prodr. iii. 142; flowers 1-5 clustered
with much rufous hair, leaves subsessile ovate obtuse or elliptic acute usually
somewhat rounded at the base, calyx-tube densely clothed with stalked stellate
rufous hairs teeth \ in. oblong obtuse with clustered bristles. Triana in Trans,
Linn. Soc. xxviii. 54. 0. Gardneriana, Wight Ic. 997.

Nilghibi Mts., alt. 6000-8000 ft., frequent.

A branched shrub ; stem usually patently hairy. Leaves 1—1^- in., 3-5-nerved,
hairy on both surfaces. Fruit § in. wide, campanulate, truncate.

19. O. rubicund a, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 309 ; branches
scabrous-pilose, leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong acute 5-nerved hairy on both
surfaces petiole ^-\ in., flowers 1-5 clustered, calyx-tube densely covered with
stalked stellate hairs teeth lanceolate acute covered with simple and clustered
bristles. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 62 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii. 54.

Ceylon: Wight, Walker, Gardner.

A branched shrub. Leaves 1-2 in., usually rounded at the base. Calyx-teeth
\ in. Fruit § in. wide, campanulate, truncate. — Triana reduces here O. elliptica,
Naud. 1. c. : but Naudin says his O. elliptica has short triangular calyx-teeth : while
O. rubicunda .only exists as a species upon its lanceolate acute calyx-teeth. Thwaites
is probably right in referring O. elliptica Naud. to O. cupularis var. erythrocephala
above.

20. O. reticulata, JBedd. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 216 ; branches
densely clothed with adpressed hairs, leaves ovate acute petioled densely hairy
on both surfaces and also alveolate-reticulate beneath, flowers 1-3 clustered,
calyx-tube with large densely clustered bunches of hairs teeth short oblong obtuse
densely ciliate scabrous and with a large terminal substellate hair. O. alveolata,
Bedd. Ic. t. 168.

Deccan Peninsula ; Anamallay Mts., above 6000 ft. alt. ; Col. Beddome.
A branched shrub. Leaves 1-4 in., round or subcordate at the base, 5-9-nerved;
petiole |-1 in. Fruit \ in. broad, campanulate, truncate.

21. O. Ittoonii, Thwaites Enum. p. 105; procumbent, rooting from the
nodes, peduncles 1-flowered, calyx-tee^h long-lanceolate acute with stellate
hairs. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 55.

Ceylon ; Colombo and Saffragam District ; somewhat rare, Thwaites.

Stems elongate, roundish, with scattered lax hairs. Leaves 1-3 in., broad- elliptic,
acute, 5-nerved, hairy on both surfaces ; petiole £-f in. Peduncles ^-l£ in., solitary
or few and subumbelled, carrying small round or ovate bracts. Calyx-tube densely
clothed with stalked stellate hairs standing at right angles to the surface. Fruit less
than £ in. broad, campanulate or somewhat ovoid, truncate.

22. O. aspericaulis, Hook. f. ms. ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii.
55 ; stem erect simple scabrous with short hairs ending in a robust much-
branched corymb, leaves 6 in. petiole 1| in., fruit ovoid truncate distinctly 10*

Tenasserim or Andamans, Heifer No. 2244.

Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, rounded at the base, 5-9-nerved, hairy on both sur-
faces. Bracts lanceolate, caducous. Calyx-tube with scattered adpressed simple*

Osbechia.'] lx. melastomaceji. (C. B. Clarke.) 521

hairs and a few compound hairs near the top, teeth long-lanceolate with simple hairs
on the back. 0 vary crowned with many long bristles. Petals § in. Fruit § in.

23. O. octandra, DC. Prodr. iii. 142 ex Triana,; branches and brancb-
lets woody, leaves oblong to lanceolate short-petioled 3-nerved sparingly sca-
brous or quite smooth on the upper surface, flowers scattered or 2-5 shortly
pedicelled, calyx-teeth ovate-oblong, fruit scarcely f in. broad obscurely ribbed
or smooth sometimes with scattered stellate hairs. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii. 54 excl. nearly all syn. 0. virgata, W. 8f A. Prodr. 323 ; Thwaites
Enum. p. 105 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. p. 61. O. polycephala,
Naud. I. c. 67. O. Wightiana, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4074. [Of the figures
quoted by Triana, Bat. Mag. 2235 and Wight Ic. 998 do not refer to the present
plant; Bot. Mag. 4026 has been referred above to O.chinensis; and Wight
Ic. 376 may represent our var. major but does not give any idea of the typical
O. octandra, DC.]

South Deccan Peninsula in and near the mountains ; plentiful. Ceylon, up ta
3000 ft. alt. ; Thwaites.

Branches subquadrangular with adpressed hairs, or woody nearly round and gla-
brous. Leaves (in the typical O. octandra) not more than 1 in. ; petiole ^ in. Calyx-tube
with scattered stellate hairs, teeth usually ciliate and with one stellate terminal
bristle, sometimes perfectly glabrous. — This typical woody small-leaved shrub appears-
very distinct, but even the small-leaved branches carry sometimes large leaves also ;
and it thus graduates into —

Var. major ; leaves larger often 2 in. frequently hairy on the upper surface often
whitened beneath, heads flowers and fruit larger than in the type. O. virgata, Wight
Ic. t. 376. — This variety is confounded by many authors with 0. cupularis ; but it
differs in the perianth being more constantly 5-merous, and in its anthers which are
not truncate nor suddenly narrowed into a very short beak, but gradually narrowed
upward. It has also been mixed with 0. aspera, but diners by the ovary having
much fewer bristles on the top.

24. O. nutans, Wall. Cat. 4068; leaves narrowly lanceolate 3-nerved
glabrous striolate above scabrous on the nerves beneath, flowers in small clus-
ters, calyx-tube nearly glabrous with pectinate scales between the bases of the
calyx-teeth, calyx-teeth large broad lanceolate glabrous ciliate on margin hairy
at the vertex, fruit often nodding. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 54.

Subtropical Himalaya from Sikkim eastwards, alt. 500-2500 ft., frequent to the
upper end of Assam ; also on the northern base of the Khasia Mts.

A woody branching small shrub. Leaves commmonly 1| by £ in. ; petiole ^ in.
Flowers mauve-purple, not very large. Fruit | in. broad, campanulate, truncate.

25. O. Wynaadensis, C.B. Clarke; stems with adpressed short hairsr
leaves 5 in. oblong-lanceolar petiole f in., flowers in subterminal corymbs, calyx-
tube with scattered flat setigerous scales otherwise glabrous teeth large broad-lan-
ceolate glabrous shortly ciliate.

Deccan Peninsula, Wight No. 1099 ; "Wynaad, alt. 4000 ft.; C. B. Clarice.

Leaves 5-nerved, scabrous-hairy on both surfaces. Fruit A in. broad, ovoid, trun-
cate, the free part of the ovary with a ring of short hairs (joined at their base into a
narrow tube) near its top, otherwise glabrous.

26. O. nepalensis, Hook. Fl. Exot. t. 31 ; leaves 3-4 in. elongate ob-
long-lanceolate 5-nerved softly hairy on both surfaces petiole less than £ in.r
flowers in small rather close corymbs, calyx-tube with large flat scales fringed
with bristles of which 5 prominently alternate with the calyx-teeth, calyx-teeth
large broad-lanceolate glabrous ciliate. DC. Prodr. iii. 142 ; Wall. Cat. 4061 -t

■522 lx. melastomaceje. (C. B. Clarke.) [Osbeckia.

Sot. Reg. 1475 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 68 and xiii. t. 7, fig. 2 ;
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 55 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 75,
O. Chulesis, Don Prodr. 221 ; DC. Prodr. 143. O. speciosa, Don Prodr. 222.

Subtropical Himalaya from Nepal eastwards and in the Khasia Mts. ; alt.
0-4000 ft., abundant. — Distrib. Ava.

A shrub ; branches with adpressed hairs. Bracts ovate, glabrous, villous, centre
•of the backs villose. Flowers purple-mauve or white. Fruit f by | in., campanulate,
truncate, scales permanent.

2. OTANTKEBA, Blume.

Shrubs. Leaves subcoriaceous, entire, 3-5-nerved. Panicles small, terminal
and subterminal. Calyx-tube ovoid, carrying pectinate scales or simple hairs or
subglabrous ; teeth 5-6, deciduous. Petals 5-6, obovate. Stamens 10-12, alter-
nate slightly longer ; anthers opening by one pore at the summit, not beaked ;
connective not produced at the base, augmented by two auricles which are
close to the anthers in the shorter stamens a little removed below them in the
longer. Ovary half-inferior, apex carrying bristles, 5-6-celled ; style filiform,
simple ; ovules very numerous, placentas axile, radiating. Fruit a berry. Seeds
very many, curved through half a circle, minutely punctate. — Distrib. Specieu
2 or 3, extending from Burma to Singapore, Malaya, the Philippines and North
Australia.

Otanthera comes between Osbeckia and Melastoma : the alternate stamens being
auricled at the base exactly on the plan of those in Melastoma, but in a much less
degree.

1. O. moluccana, Blume in Flora, 1831, p. 489; leaves sparingly
shortly hairy beneath, small panicles of 3-5 flowers terminal and from one or two
of the upper axils, fruit ovoid truncate with scattered shortly-stalked stellate
hairs. Blume Mus. Bot. p. 56, t. 20 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiii. 353 ;
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 515. O. cyanoides, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxv. 56. Melastoma cyanoides DC. Prodr. iii. 146. M. moluccanum, Blume
Bijd. 1078 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 146.— (Rheede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 43 quoted by Triana
may be O. rubro-limbata).

Mergtji; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2253). — Distrib. Moluccas; Sierra Leone
(Triana).

Stems scabrous. Leaves 2-2£ in., elliptic-lanceolate ; petiole \ in. Bracts ovate,
deciduous. Petals less than \ in., white. Fruit A in. broad.

[O. bracteata, Korth. has the calyx-tube covered with long simple approximated
ascending bristles, the broad bracts on the pedicels several close together subpersis-
tent : otherwise it is much like O. moluccana. Kurz in For. Fl. i. 502 and in Journ.
As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 75, says O. bracteata, Korth. is not unfrequent in Tenasserim.
But Griffith's Mergui plant is clearly O. cyanoides Triana as appears from examples
named by Triana's hand, while Kurz quotes Triana for O. bracteata.']

2. O. nicobarensis, Teysm. $ Binn. Nov. PI. Sort. Bogor. 29 ; flowers
terminal and axillary in small panicles, calyx-teeth glabrous acuminate ciliate,
fruit oblong from a rounded base purple.

Nicobars ; collected by the Novara expedition and communicated by them to the
Buitenzorg Botanic Garden ; Kurz {Journ. As. Soc. 1876, pt. ii. 131).

A low shrub ; branches tetragonous, subglabrous, but hairy at the nodes. Leaves
|— 3 in., ovate or oblong-ovate, acuminate, rounded at the base, 5-nerved, shortly stri-
gose on both surfaces ; petiole | in. Petals 5, purple. Stamens subequal, anthers
with two auricles added at the base. — Not seen.

Otanthera.] lx. melastomace^. (C. B. Clarke.) 523

EXCLUDED SPECIES.

0. rtjbro-mmbata (Lachnopodium rubro-limbatum, Blume) is figured by Link
& Otto, 16. PL Set. t. 41, as a plant raised in European gardens from the "East
Indies." It is more likely from Malaya than India, and Mr. Bentham in Fl. Austral.
iii. 292 thinks it probably identical with Otanthera bracteata.

0. Koti-gtteda, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 64, is reduced to 0. Wightiana
by Triana ; but Naudin describes its calyx-teeth short.

3. MELASTOMA, Linn.

Strigose or villous shrubs. Leaves petioled, oblong or lanceolate, entire,
3-7-nerved. Flowers terminal, solitary clustered or panicled, showy, purple, 5-
(rarely 6-7-) merous. Calyx-tube with simple (rarely with penicillate) hairs,
lobes deciduous. Petals equal in number to the calyx-lobes. Stamens twice as
many as the petals, very unequal, alternate longer ones with purple anthers
having the connective long-produced at base and terminating in two lobes, the
shorter ones having yellow anthers the connective not produced but with two
tubercles in front. Ovary more or less united to the calyx-tube, 5- (rarely 6-7-)
celled, apex bearing bristles; style filiform, simple; ovules very numerous,
placentas axile, radiating. Fruit coriaceous or somewhat berried, bursting
irregularly. Seeds minute, very many, curved through half a circle, minutely
punctate. — Disteib. Species 40 or 8 in South-East Asia and its islands, ex-
tending to North Australia and Polynesia.

* Hairs closely adpressed at their base to the calyx-tube.

1. M. malabathricum, Linn. ; DC. Prod?: iii. 145 ; stems with short
dense hairs adpressed or spreading, leaves with adpressed scabrous hairs above,
scabrous on the nerves beneath and shortly hairy or nearly glabrous between
them, bracts large elliptic narrowed into a stalk generally enclosing the buds,
scaly hairs on the calyx-tube flat lanceolate, calyx-teeth long (or very long)
ovate-lanceolate to narrow-lanceolate, glabrous within or with a few short hairs
near the tip only. Roxb. Hort Beng. 33 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 405; Wall. Cat. 4040;
JBot. Reg. t. 672 ; W. 8f A. Prodr. 324 ; Wight III. t. 95 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 92; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiii. 285; Thwaites Enum. 106
(a. and j3.) ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 503, not of Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 507.
? M. obvolutum, Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 3. Trembleya rhinanthera, Griff.
Notul. iv. 677, cf. Kurz in Flora, 1871, p. 289.

Throughout India very abundant, from sea-level up to 6000 ft. alt. " Indian
Khododendron " of the English denizens. Not towards the Indian Desert. — Distrib.
Not found out of India : i.e. the above description has been narrowed to the Indian
typical plant which is not found in Malaya, etc.

A spreading shrub 6 ft. Leaves 3-4 in., broad-lanceolate; petiole ■§ in. Flowers
1-5, clustered, mauve-purple. Fruit \ in. wide, short-ovoid, truncate, becoming
pulpy within. Calyx-teeth often £-§ in., not shorter than the tube. — Mr. Bentham
in Fl. Austral, iii. 293 proposes to include 24 species of Naudin under M. mala-
bathricum, Linn.

Var. adpressum, "Wall. Cat. 4081 ; leaves narrow-lanceolate smaller than in M.
malabathricum with a rigid more harshly scabrid pubescence. M. anoplanthum Naud.
in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. vol. xiii. 277. — Mergui to Singapore, and in Penang. The Java
plant under this name in the Kew Herbarium is as different from Wall. Cat. 4081 as
is any Melastoma in this section.

2. IMC. polyanthum, Blume in Mus. Bot. i. 52, t. 6 ; stems with short
dense hairs adpressed or spreading, leaves with short hairs above adpressed or

524 lx. melastomace^. (C. B. Clarke.) [Melastoma,

subpatent, with short often soft hairs between the Derves beneath, bracts lanceo-
late or lanceolate-obovate much smaller than the buds and early deciduous,
scaly hairs on the calyx-tube flat lanceolate, calyx-teeth triangular acute gla-
brous within shorter than the tube and often (O. brachyodon, Naud.) very short.
Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiii. 287 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 502.
M. malabathriciun, Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. p. 4, with Jig. ; Benth. Fl.
Austral, iii. 292, partly. M. brachyodon, Naud. I. c. 292.

Singapore; Sir B. Schomburgk, T. Anderson. — Distrib. Throughout Malaya
abundant to North Australia.

Only differs from M. malabathricum in the smaller bracts and shorter calyx- teeth ;
and is united with it by Mr. Bentham.

3. JUL. normale, Don Prodr. 220 ; branches densely shaggy, leaves with
short patent hairs above and pubescent or villous beneath, calyx-teeth long lan-
ceolate hairy within nearly to their base. DC. Prodr. iii. 145 ; Naud. in Ann.
Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiii. 289; Kurz For. Fl. i. 504. M. Wallichii, DC. Prodr. iii.
146 ; Wall. Cat. 4039, partly. M. napalensis, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 707.

Nipal to Bhotan, alt. 2000-6000 ft. Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft., frequent. —
Distrib. Ava, Kurz.

A large shrub, reaching 20 ft. in the interior Himalaya. Leaves 3-5 in., lanceo-
late ; petiole ^-f in. Flowers 3-10, clustered ; bracts not large nor enclosing the
buds ; petals a brighter more rosy mauve than in M. malabathricum. Fruit as in
M. malabathricum or rather larger. — M. velutinum Seem, of Polynesia does not belong
here.

4. HI. imbricatum, Wall. Cat. 4047 ; stem densely clothed with ad-
pressed ovate obtuse scales, leaves beneath with very small scabrous hairs, scales
on the calyx-tube flat ovate acute, calyx-teeth ovate acuminate hairy within
half-way down, fruit ovoid the margin at the top somewhat dilated, triana in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 60, but the syn. M. fasciculare Naud. is doubtful.

East Bengal ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2242). Penang, Wallich ; Tenasse-
rim, Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2243).

Apparently very large. Leaves 8 in., broad-elliptic, acute; petiole 2 in. Flowers
in terminal clusters of about 12 ; bracts not large. Fruit ^-f in., ovoid.

** Hairs on the calyx-tube long, at their base spreading, then ascending or
patent.

5. IKE. sang uineum, Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 2241 ; stem with scattered
long harsh patent hairs, leaves glabrous above scabrous beneath on the nerves and
minutely hairy between them or nearly glabrous, calyx-teeth linear-lanceolate.
DC. Prodr. iii. 145 ; Don in Mem. Wern. Soc. iv. 289 ; Miq. Fl. Jnd: Bat. i.
pt. i. 504 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiii. 281. M. decemfidum, Jack in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 6; Roxb. Fl. Jnd. ii. 406 ; Wall. Cat. 4042 ; DC. Prodr.
iii. 146 ; Naud. I. c. 282 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 75.

Penang, Singapore and Malacca ; Wallich, Cuming, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib.
Malaya and South China.

Leaves 4-5 in., narrowly lanceolate ; petiole |-f in. Flowers 1-4, clustered, often
very large, rose-purple. Bristles on the calyx-tube often |— £ in., hair-pointed. Fruit
\ in. wide and upwards.

Var. molle, Wall. Cat. 4046 ; leaves 6 by 2£ in. with scattered villous hairs on
both surfaces. M. crinitum, Naud. I.e. 280.

6. m. Houtteanum, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiii. 291 ; branches
with dense adpressed or ascending villous hairs, leaves with scattered hairs above
shortly villous beneath, calyx-teeth linear-lanceolate. Kurz For. Fl. i. 504.

Melastoma.] lx. melastomacejj. (C. B. Clarke.) 525

Pegu, Kurz. Tenassebim or Andamans ; Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2241).

Leaves 4-5 in., broad-lanceolate ; petiole £-f in. Flowers clustered. Hairs on
•calyx-tube \-% in. — This species is essentially like M. sanguineum, but the indu-
mentum of the stem and branches is of a widely different character : as to the leaves,
the indumentum of M. sanguineum var. molle is exactly half-way between that of
M. sanguineum and M. Houtteanum.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

As to the numerous species of Melastoma admitted by Triana in Trans. Linn,
Soc. xxviii. 59, 60 as native in India, the names M. triflorum, Naud. ; ellipticum,
Naud. ; microphyllum, Naud. ; lamiginosum, Blume ; Eoyenii, Blume ; longifolium,
Naud. are not found in the Kew collection. So far indeed from multiplying species
out of the existing material, it would be better to reduce the whole of the Indian
forms to three, viz., M. malabatkricum (including M. polyanthum and M. imbri-
catum) ; M. normale. ; and M. sanguineum (including M. Houtteanum).

As to the 13 species of Melastoma described by Eoxburgh, the first eight are
•octandrous ; the next two have been admitted ; the last two are outside the limits of
the present Flora.

M. Findlaysonii, Wall. Cat. 4041, has not the place of collection given, and it is
doubtful whether it was found within the limits of the Flora Indica. The Wallichian
example shows the leaves and fruit, which might be those of Osbeckia Leschenaultiana
.above described ; but Triana (assuming probably that had the stamens been all similar
Wallich would have named it Osbeckia and not Melastoma) has called it Dissotis
Findlaysonii.

M. cubva, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 406. " Shrubby, all the tender parts strigose, leaves
petioled ovate-cordate 5-7-nerved finely serrulate, panicles terminal subcorymbiform
supra-decompound, flowers 10-androus, petals cordate ciliate." — Chittagong. Neither
figure nor specimen is known : the description is too short for safe identification.

4. OXYSFORA, DC.

Large spreading shrubs with drooping branches terminated by large, lax,
.almost naked panicles of rose-purple flowers. Leaves opposite, long-petioled,
large, 5-7-nerved, ovate, acuminate, 'uppermost pair below the panicle often
sessile much smaller and subcordate at base. Panicle long, sometimes narrow ;
branches decussate ; bracts very small. Calyx-tube ovate-cylindric ; teeth 4,
short, triangular. Petals 4, subacute. Stamens 8, of which 4 are purple with
longer filaments, 4 are yellow ; anthers narrowed upwards, at top opening by
one pore, produced at base, connective with or without appendage. Ovary
inferior, 4-celled, apex glabrous; style simple, elongate; ovules very many,
placentas axile, radiating. Capsule dry, elliptic, elongate, with 8 ribs. Seeds
very many, falcate ; raphe lateral, produced at top in front into a point. —
Disteib. Species 4, whereof 3 are in East Bengal, 1 in Sumatra.

1. O. paniculata, DC. Prod?', iii. 123 ; branchlets panicles and nerves of
the leaves beneath with some stellate pubescence, capsule long-elliptic very little
narrqwed below the calyx-mouth, seeds with a sharp right angle at the top of
the back and a produced angular point at the top in front. Watt. PL As. Par.
t. 88 ; DC. Mem. Melast. t. 4 (not correct as to the base of the connective) ; Wall.
Cat. 4076 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. p. 556. 0. vagans, Pot. Mag. t. 4553 ;
Lemaire Jard. PI. t. 79. Arthrostemma paniculatum, Don in Mem. Wern. Soc.
iv. 299 ; Prodr. 222 {partly). Melastoma rugosa, Roxb. MS.

Subtbopical and Tempebate Himaxya, from Nipal to Bhotan ; alt. 3000-7000 ft.
Khasia Mts. ; alt. 3000-5000 ft., common. Abundant in the interior of Sikkim cover-
ing the hill sides.

526 lx. MELASTOMACEiE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Oxyspwa.

Leaves 4-5 in. (in some examples attaining 14£ in.), ovate, acute; petiole 1-2 in.,
at its apex are some rough bristles. Longer stamens with the anther-cells diverging
below the truncate base of the connective where the filament is attached. Fruit
f by i in.

2. O. vag-ans, Wall. Cat. 4075, partly; branchlets petioles and nerves of
the leaves beneath with some scattered patent villous hairs, capsule elliptic pro-
minently narrowed below the enlarged calyx-mouth, seeds blunt-headed with a
sharp right angle at the top of the back and a very short point at the top in
front. 0. vagans, var. a. Wall. PI. As. Bar. p. 78 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii. 73 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 505. Melastoma vagans, Boxb. Sort. Beng. 33 ;
Fl. Ind. ii. 404. Homocentria vagans, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 308.

Mishmee; Griffith. Khasia Mts., alt. 1000-3000 ft., common. Chittagong ;
Boxburgh.

A rather smaller shrub than the preceding with the panicle generally more
slender. Longer stamens with the anther-cells slightly produced at the base, con-
nective having added to its base a linear spur. — Wall. Cat. 4075 contains some O.
paniculata not any O. cernua.

3. O. cernua, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 73; glabrous, capsule
elliptic truncate hardly narrowed below the calyx-mouth, seeds simply falcate.
Kurz For. Fl. i. 505. O. vagans var. 0. Wall. PI. As. Bar. p. 78. Melastoma
cernua, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 33 ; Fl. Lnd. ii. 404. Allozygia cernua, Naud. in
Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 309.

Mishmee; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2262); Chittagong, alt. 0-1000 ft.;
H.f. $ T.

A shrub, generally resembling O. paniculata. Leaves commonly 6 in., attaining
1 2£ in. in some examples ; petiole 2 in. Eachis of the panicle somewhat sharply
quadrangular at the base, but cannot be said to be 4-winged in any of the specimens
at Kew (as Eoxburgh states it to be). Longer stamens with the anther-cells shortly
produced and diverging below the truncate base of the connective where the filament
is attached.

5. KENDRICKIA,JM;,/'.

A climber, ascending to the top of the highest trees, when in blossom ting-
ing the forest red. Leaves opposite, petioled, oblong or obovate, obtuse, fleshy.
Flowers terminal, in few-flowered umbels or solitary, large ; peduncles stout, 2-
bracteolate. Calyx urn-shaped, rose-purple ; limb shortly 4-toothed, greenish.
Petals 4, fleshy, a fine red. Stamens 8, equal ; anthers at the attenuated summit
opening by one pore, at the base shortly produced, connective having a horn
about £ in. at the base. Ovary inferior, 4-6-celled ; style simple, filiform ; ovules
very many, placentas axile, fleshy. Capsule globose, 1-celled by absorption of
the septa, opening at the apex by 4-6 valves. Seeds very many, minute,
prismatic.

1. K.. Walkeri, Hook.f. in Gen. PI. i. 752; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii. p. 75, t. vi. fig. 70. Pachycentria Walkeri, Thwaites Enum. 107.
Medinilla ? Walkeri, Wight Lll. i. p. 217 ; Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist.
viii. p. 11.

Anamaixays; Col.Beddome. Ceylon, alt. 3000-5000 ft. ; Wight; Walker; Gard-
ner, Thwaites.

Stems in their lower part creeping up trees like ivy, hence flattened with the leaves

Kendrickia.'] lx. melastomacEjE. (C. B. Clarke.) 527

distichous; at the summits spreading pendent with leaves on all sides. Leaves l-2in.y
narrowed at the base, minutely furfuraceous or nearly glabrous, 3-nerved from the
base with two additional nerves from the midrib much higher up ; petiole £ in. Petals
| in. — " One of the most beautiful of Ceylon plants " (Thwaites).

6. ALL09I0RFHIA, Blume.

Shrubs, tall or short. Leaves opposite, long-petioled, large, lanceolate ovate
or orbicular, 15-nerved, glabrous or nearly so. Panicles terminal, compound,
with small flowers in clustered whorls. Calyx-tube funnel-shaped or campan-
ulate, limb of 4 very short lobes. Petals 4, rose or white, small. Stamens 8T
nearly equal ; anthers attenuated at the top with one pore, cells long-produced
and diverging at their bases ; connective without appendage. Ovary 3- (rarely
4-) celled enclosed by but nearly free from the calyx- tube; style filiform,
simple ; ovules very many, placentas axile, 2-fid. Capsule small, dry, urn-shaped
or subcylindric, ribbed, opening at the top by 3-4 valves. Seeds very manyr
narrowly obtrapezoidal. — Distkib. Species 5 : whereof 4 are from the Malay
Peninsula and its attached islands ; 1 from Canton.

1. A. exig-ua, Plume in Flora, 1831, p. 52§ ; leaves lanceolate or ovate-
lanceolate not cordate at the very base, pedicels in fruit not more than § in.y
fruit ovoid 3-celled prominently 6-ribbed contracted at the top below the
permanent calyx-rim. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 310 ; Triana in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xxviii. 74. Melastoma exigua, Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 10 ;
DC. Prodr. iii. 149 ; Wall. Cat. 4048.

Penang and Malacca ; Wallich, Griffith, &c. — Distbib. Philippines.

A tall shrub, nearly glabrous. Leaves often 9-10 in. ; petiole 1-3 in. Panicle
minutely rusty-pubescent ; bracts £-| in., lanceolate or narrow-spathulate. Calyx-tube
most minutely hairy. Kipe fruit i in. broad.

2. A . umbellulat a, Hook. f. ms. ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii,
74; leaves lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate often cordate at the very base, pedi-
cels umbellulate in bud \ in. and more. Kurz For. Fl. i. 506.

Tenasseeim or Andamans ; Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2260).

Shrub 10 ft. (Heifer) ; nearly glabrous except the panicle which is minutely pu-
bescent and much more lax than that of A. exigua. Flowers larger than those of A.
rxigua. Calyx-tube in the young flowers funnel-shaped rather than campanulate •
teeth more prominent. Fruit unknown.

3. A . Grriffithii, Hook. f. MS. ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 74 ;
leaves round obtuse cordate at the base, panicle elongate with small distant
whorls which are shortly corymbose rather than umbelled or clustered.

Malacca, Griffith, Walker, Maingay No. 775.
■ Almost stemless ; rootstock woody. Leaves 5-6 in. long and more broad, glabrous
or slightly puberulous beneath. Panicle about 12 in., rusty-pubescent. Calyx-tube
campanulate, minutely hairy. Fruit unknown.

4. A. hispida, Kurz in Flora, 1871, 290; petioles thick 5 in. hispid
bristly, leaves 8-9 in. ovate 9-ribbed sparsely bristly above more densely beneath
especially on the nerves, panicles glabrous or with bristles at the divisions, pedi-
cels slender about \ in. so that the flowers are in subsessile clusters, calyx-tube
4-ribbed carrying some long bristles short campanulate with minute teeth, ovary
adnate to the calyx near the base only.

Btjbma, Martaban ; Dr. Brandis (Kurz).
Not seen : the above is copied from Kurz.

528 lx. melastomace-E. (0. B. Clarke.) [Blasti

7. BLASTUS, Lour.

A shrub with round branches. Leaves opposite, petioled, oblong-lanceolate,
3-5-nerved. Flowers very small, in axillary clusters ; peduncles short, without
bracts. Calyx-tube oblong, puberulous, limb shortly 4-lobed. Petals 4. Sta-
mens 4, equal ; anthers attenuate at the top, opening by one pore, cells pro-
duced and diverging at their bases; connective without appendage. Ovary
inferior, 4-celled, puberulous at the apex ; style filiform, simple ; ovules very
many, placentas axile, paired. Capsule small, obscurely 4-furrowed, opening at
the summit by four pores. Seeds very many, raphe long, testa long-linear,
produced at each end much beyond the small oblong nucleus.

1. B. cochinchinensis, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 527; Seemann Journ. Bot.
i. 281. Anplectrum parviflorum, Benth. Fl. Hongk. p. 116.

Assam ; Masters. East Bengal (prob. North-East Assam) ; Griffith. — Distrib.
Hongkong and Formosa.

A shrub 6 ft., glabrous, innovations minutely puberulous. Leaves 3-4 in., lanceo-
late or elliptic-lanceolate ; petidle J-f in. Peduncles in fruit 5 in. or less. Fruit less
than £ in. broad.

8. OCKTHOCHARIS, Blume.

Small erect glabrous shrubs, branches round. Leaves opposite, petioled, ob-
long or lanceolate, 3-5-nerved, minutely denticulate-serrulate. Flowers minute in
axillary clustered cymes, rarely in axillary and terminal lax cymes. Calyx-tube
obovoid, smooth ; teeth 5, small, persistent. Petals 5. Stamens 10, equal ; an-
thers oblong, obtuse at the top opening with one pore, at the base shortly pro-
duced ; connective without appendage. Ovary inferior, 5-celled, glabrous at the
apex ; style simple, filiform ; ovules very many, placentas axile. Capsule glo-
bose, 5-valved, enclosed by the membranous calyx-tube. Seeds very many, irre-
gularly club-shaped. — Disteib. Species 4 or 5, extending from Singapore to
Borneo.

1. O. paniculata, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 247, t. 64; leaves
opposite very unequal, panicle terminal. Blume Mus. Bot. i. 40 ; Naud. in Ann.
Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. p. 307, with Jig. ; Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 556 ; Triana
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 74. Melastoma oxvphvllum, Benth. in Wall. Cat.
4083. ™

Singapore; Wallich. — Distrib. Malaya.

Branches quadrangular, nearly glabrous, becoming minutely rusty towards the
panicle. Leaves attaining 5 in. by 2, lanceolate, 5-nerved, glabrous or minutely rusty
on the nerves ; petiole f in. Panicle 1£ by If in., rusty puberulous, short-peduncled ;
branches opposite, supported by small linear bracts j^—L in., the ultimate pedicels
~-~ in. Calyx-tube campanulate, nearly glabrous ; teeth 5, minute. Petals 5, f in.,
ovate, subacute, rose-purple. Fruit (not ripe) £ in. diam. subglobose.

2. O. jajranica, Blume in Flora, 1831, 523; leaves somewhat fleshy
3-nerved secondary nerves obscure, cymes 1 in. axillary, pedicels in fruit scarcely
\ in. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 307 ; Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 556 ;
Kurz For. Fl. i. 507. Melastoma ? littoreum, Wall. Cat. 4087.

Tenasserim, Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2277). Singapore ; Wallich, Griffith No.
2278, T. Anderson, Maingay. — Distrib. Java.

Ochthocharis.'] lx. melastomacej:. (C. B. Clarke.) 529

A small shrub, 2-3 ft. Leaves 2| in., lanceolate or narrow lanceolate, narrowed
at both ends, sparsely minutely bristle-serrate ; petiole £ in. Fruit \ in. diam., sub-
globose. — The closely allied Malayan species have the cross secondary nerves very
conspicuous ; by which they differ from the present fleshy seashore plant.

9. ANERINCLEISTUS, Korth.

Large villous shrubs ; branches round. Leaves petioled, ovate or lanceolate,
entire, 5-7-nerved, with scattered hairs above, villous beneath. Flowers minute
(in very small axillary clusters in the Indian species). Calyx-tube campanulate,
densely hairy ; lobes 4, very small. Petals 4, minute, glabrous. Stamens 8,
equal ; anthers attenuate at the top, opening with one pore, scarcely produced at
the base ; connective with or without a short spur. Ovary nearly free, 4-celled ;
style filiform, simple ; ovules many. Capsule opening by 4 large pores at the
summit. Seeds exceedingly minute, cuneate-obovoid. — Distrib. Species 3;
Tenasserim coast, Mergui and Sumatra.

1. A. Helferi, Hook. f.\ Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 75;
branches clothed with adpressed soft hairs, midrib of the leaves beneath with
ascending subadpressed soft hairs, calyx-tube with ascending hairs. Kurz For.
Fl. i. 507.

Mergui ; Griffith, Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2304).

Leaves 6 by 4 in. ; petiole 2 in. Clusters of flowers § in. Fruit \ in., ellipsoid.

2. £L . G-riffithii, Hook. f. ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 75 ;
branches densely clothed with brown soft spreading and deflexed hairs, midrib
of the leaves beneath densely clothed with similar patent hairs, calyx-tube with
somewhat spreading hairs. Kurz For. Fl. i. 507.

Mergui ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2304).

Exactly as the preceding species except as to the small differences in the indu-
mentum above stated. Probably will be found to be a variety only when more material
is obtained.

10. SONERILA, Po.vb.

Herbs, sometimes woody at the base, nearly always small, many stemless.
Leaves opposite, equal or unequal, from round to linear, entire or serrulate,
3-5-nerved. Flowers in racemes or scorpioid spikes, mostly red. Calyx-tube
campanulate or long-funnel-shaped ; teeth 3, short. Petals 3, acute or obtuse.
Stamens 3 (in S. obliqua 6), equal ; anthers obtuse or attenuate at the top,
cells at the base shortly divaricate ; connective without appendage. Ovary
inferior, 3-celled, glabrous at the apex ; style simple, filiform ; ovules many,
placentas axile. Capsule obovoid, trigonous, elongate funnel-shaped, or cam-
panulate, opening at the top by 3 valves. Seeds very many, smooth or covered
by glandular points or small tubercles, ovoid or ellipsoid ; raphe simple or run-
ning out into a lateral appendage, sometimes overtopping the seed. — Distrib.
Species 58 ; 45 tropical Indian and Malayan, and 1 in South China.

Section A. Stamens 3. (To Species 42.)

* Anthers short, timncate or acute at the top.

t Species not of Ceylon or the South Deccan Peninsula.

vol. n. MM

530 lx. melastomacEjE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Sojierila.

1. S. tenera, Boyle III. 215, t. 45; stem 2-4 in. erect littlerdivided,
pedicels 0-£ in., anthers short oolong truncate hardly narrowed at the top.
Wall. Cat. 4098 partly.

Subtropical Western Himalaya, Boyle, Edgeworth. Chota Nagpore, alt.
1000-2000 ft., abundant ; C. B. Clarke.

Stem weak, sometimes winged, puberulous or minutely pubescent. Leaves \-^ in.,
ovate, nearly entire, equal or unequal, with a few scattered lax hairs ; petiole less
than £ in. Calyx-tube puberulous and with a few scattered lax hairs ; teeth (at time,
of flowering) ovate, acute, as long as broad. Petals £ in., ovate, acute, rose-purple.
Capsule nearly \ in., trigonous, elongate funnel-shaped, ribs between the angles very
obscure, often narrowed at the base so as to be subsessile. Seeds ovoid, smooth ;
raphe not excurrent. — Wallich has distributed with Eoyle's S. Unera. a Tavoy plant,
S. stricta, and Eoyle has not detected the error, The pubescence of the stem as
given in the figure of Eoyle is very unlike nature. Triana has named Eoyle's ori-
ginal specimen "potius S. brachyandra, Naud." a Manilla species, and has made
Edgeworth's specimen and some Khasian ones of S. stricta the type of S. tenera.

2. S. Stricta, Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 4394 ; stem 3-7 in. erect often
branched, pedicels in fruit often nearly \ in., anthers ovate much narrowed at the
top.

Khasia Mts., alt, 3000-4000 ft., plentiful. Pegu to Tenasserim, frequent.

Stem more or less puberulo-pubescent, and also with long lax spreading hairs.
Leaves \-\ in., lanceolate or elliptic, narrowed at each end, with scattered lax hairs.
Calyx-tube puberulous and with a few scattered la^ hairs, teeth broader than long.
Petals |— j in., obovate, rose-purple. Capsule \ in., trigonous, elongate funnel-shaped,
ribs between the angles very obscure. Seeds ovoid, smooth ; raphe not excurrent. —
The type of this species is S. burmannica Wall. Cat. 4098, but the striking form S.
stricta was first published and the name must therefore be maintained. The true S.
JRottleri Wall, is a Courtallum species and widely different, but Wallich seems in
hand-and-eye distribution to have mixed the present species with it.

Var. typica ; leaves with a few denticulations, uppermost sometimes in whorls of
4, often purplish beneath. — Moulmein ; Lobb No. 347 ; Parish, No. 427.

Var. burmannica, Wall. Cat. 4098 ; leaves usually entire or nearly so. S. tenera,
Wall. Cat. 4098 partly; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc, 1877, pt. ii. 78. S. Eottleri, Wall.
Cat. 4097 partly. Sonerila sp. 5 Griff. Notul. iv. 676.

3. S. erecta, Jack in Mai, Misc. et in Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 63; stem 8-12
in. firm erect with opposite branches, racemes secund, flowers sessile, capsule
long-cylindric subtrigonous, seeds hemi-ellipsoidal covered with glandular raised
points, raphe shortly excurrent and overtopping the seed. Wall. Cat. 4092 ;
Benn. PI. Jav. Bar. p. 217 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 563 ; Naud. in Ann,
Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 324 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 75.

Moulmein, Lobb. Pinang, Wallich. Malaya, Maingay. — Dtstrib. Malaya.

Stem bifariously hairy. Leaves f in., equal or unequal, lanceolate, slightly ovate
at the base, hairy on both surfaces, subentire or minutely denticulate, sessile and long-
petioled on the same plant. Racemes 2-6 -flowered. Calyx-tub- minutely pubescent.
Petals \ in., ovate, acute, rosy. Anthers ovate, much narrowed upwards. Fruits §*■$
in., £ in. apart.

ft Species of Ceylon and the South Deccan Peninsula.

4. S. zeylanica, W. $ A. Prodr. 322; branches quadrangular nearly
glabrous, anthers ■—-£ in. ovate narrowed upwards, capsule } in. funnel-shaped
subtrigonous with 6 prominent ribs. Am, in Hook. Comp. Bot, Mag. ii. 307
(Oeylanica) ; Naud. 'in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 321 ; Thvxiites Enum. 109 ;
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 75.

Sonerila.~\ lx. jjelastomaceje. (C. B. Clarke.) 531

Ceylon, alt. 6000 ft. ; Thwaites, Walker.

Stems 4-12 in. with many spreading' branches. Leaves §-£ in., ovate or narrow-
oblong, acute, denticulate, with a few scattered hairs above otherwise glabrous ; pe-
tiole 0-£ in. Calyx-tube glabrous or with a few lax hairs. Petals \ in., purple or
white, ovate, acute. Capsule about as long as its pedicel. Seeds with minute glan-
dular elevated points, raphe excurrent but hardly overtopping the seed. — S. zeylanica
is only separated from S. rostrata and S. affinis by the anthers, which (as above
stated) are usually ^-^ in. long in S. zeylanica while in S. affinis they are usually
£ in. In those cases where the anthers of an authentic example of S. zeylanica are
actually longer than those of some examples of S. affinis, we endeavour to fall back
on the degree and nature of the attenuation of the anthers, which should be acute in
S. zeylanica, acuminate in S. affinis. The var. pumila is more distinct from S. zey-
lanica than are S. rostrata and S. affinis. Triana has placed Thwaites' numbered
specimens of these species under various others.

Var. pumila, Thwaites Enum. 109 (sp.); anthers short-oblong very truncate.

Var. WalJcercs ; seed without elevated points, excurrent raphe very much over-
topping the seed, being exactly over the top of the seed like a cap. — Perhaps a species.
Ceylon ; Walker.

5. S. torn en tell a, Thwaites Enum. 109 ; branches petioles and calyx-
tube rusty-pubescent, anthers ovate very short, capsule short funnel-shaped
trigonous 6-ribbed bristly. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 75.

Ceylon; Saffragam, Thwaites.

Branched, 10 in. high. Leaves ovate and ovate-oblong, minutely denticulate, with
a few scattered hairs above, slightly pubescent beneath. Petals i in., ovate, acute,
white or pale rose. Pedicels as long as or longer than the capsule.

6. S. Brunonis, W. $ A. Prodr. 321 ; stem a foot high somewhat
stout branched nearly glabrous, leaves oblong-lanceolate longitudinally 5-7-nerved
from near the base with very rarely one or two fainter nerves from the midrib
higher up. Wight Lll. 94, Lc. t. 1059.

South Deccan Peninsula; Courtallum; Wight No. 1142. Ceylon, Newera
Ellia ; Thwaites.

Stems 4-angled. Leaves 1^-2| in., with a few scattered hairs above and micro-
scopic puberulous dots beneath ; petiole £- H in. Petals i in., mauve-purple, ovate
acute. Capsules § in., narrow-funnel-shaped, with six thick ribs, longer than the
pedicels, clustered on the shortened racemes. Seed obovoid with glandular elevated
points, raphe not excurrent. — The present species is exceedingly like S. versicolor or
& axillaris, but (as Wight observes) may always be recognised by the longitudinal
nervation of the leaves.

7. S. pedunculosa, Thwaites Enum. 109 ; stem 3-10 in. weak rooting
at the nodes, peduncles quasi-terminal very long, capsule ^-\ in. funnel-shaped
subtrigonous obscurely 6-ribbed usually shorter than the pedicel. Triana in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 75. S. Rottleri, Wall. Cat. 4097, partly.

Tbavancobe, Quilon • Wight No. 1111. Ceylon; tropical; Thwaites.

Stems and peduncles glabrous or pubescent. Leaves l-2£ in., ovate or oblong,
minutely serrulate, sparsely pilose above minutely dotted beneath; petiole £-l£ in.
Peduncles 2-6-flowered. Calyx-tube glabrous or with a few scattered hairs. Petals
% in., ovate, acute, reddish. Seeds with elevated points, raphe much excurrent on the
side near the top.

8. S. Arnottiana, Thwaites Enum. p. 108; stem 12 in. high round
branched upwards at least rufous- villous, petioles nerves of the leaves beneath

mm 2

532 lx. melastomace^. (C. B. Clarke.) [Sonerila.

and peduncles with brown-red hairs, capsule § in. broadly funnel-shaped tri-
gonous 6-ribbed somewhat scabrous usually longer than the pedicel. Bedd. Ic.
PI. hid. Or. t. 300.

Ceylon, alt. 6000 ft. ; Thwaites.

Leaves nearly 2 by | in., oblong or ovate, with 3-5 longitudinal nerves, nearly gla-
brous or with few scattered hairs above, minutely serrulate ; petiole ^-f in. Calyx-
tube with lax spreading hairs. Petals \-\ in., ovate, acute, purple. Seeds covered
with elevated points, raphe excurrent the whole length of the seed.

Var. tenella, Beddome in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 217; stem leaves petioles and
calyx-tube nearly glabrous. — Anamallays; alt. 3000 ft., Beddome. Stated by Col.
Beddome to be allied to S. Arnottiana, Thwaites, and reduced to it by Triana in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 75. The examples communicated by Col. Beddome to Kew
do not show fruit but seem the same as S. Brunonis ; they differ considerably in
their glabrousness from S. Arnottiana.

9. S. Wiffhtiana, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bat. Mag. ii. 307 ; stem attain-
ing 15 in. round branched veiy brown-villous, petioles nerves of the leaves be-
neath and peduncles with brown or yellow hair, capsule \ in. funnel-shaped tri-
gonous 6-nbbed scabrous usually shorter than the pedicel. Triana in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xxviii. 75.

Ceylon : Adam's Peak ; Thwaites.

Leaves f-1^ in., elliptic or oblong, with 3-5 longitudinal nerves, serrulate, with
scattered scabrous hairs often on both surfaces ; petiole often 1 in. Calyx-tube with
lax spreading hairs. Petals | in., purple, ovate, acute. Anthers ovate-oblong, ob-
tuse. Seeds covered with elevated points, raphe scarcely excurrent. — This species
only slightly differs from S. Arnottiana by its greater hairiness, its rather larger flowers,,
and more elongate capsule.

10. S. Kookeriana, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 308; stem
attaining 10 in. round branched and petioles and peduncles with red villous
tomentum, leaves with scattered hairs on both surfaces, nerves beneath with
spreading dense red or yellow hairs, capsule § in. funnel-shaped trigonous
(cribbed scarcely scabrous usually longer than the pedicel. Naud. in Ann.
Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 321 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 75.

Ceylon, Adam's Peak ; Walker, Thwaites No. 1 73 and 426 partly.

Leaves f-l£ in., ovate or oblong, with 3-5 longitudinal nerves, serrulate ; petiole
i-f in. Calyx-tube with many spreading rufous hairs. Petals \ in., ovate, acute
(pale ?). Anthers ovate-oblong, obtuse. Seeds with subtubercular raised points,
raphe much excurrent near the top of the seed.

11. S. Gardner!, Thwaites Enum. p. 107; stem 12 in. round rufous-vil-
lous, leaves ovate from a broad base short-petioled, petals £-§ in. broad-elliptic t
capsule £ in. ovoid trigonous slightly scabrous and hispid usually longer than
the pedicel. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 75 ; Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t.
298.

Ceylon, alt. 5000 ft. ; Horton Plains, Thwaites.

Leaves f-1 in., minutely serrate with scattered hairs on both surfaces, nerves be-
neath rufous -villous ; petiole £-\ in. Peduncles short and with the calyx-tube rufous-
villous. Petals mauve-purple. Anthers ovate-oblong, obtuse. Seeds subtuberculate
with raised points, raphe elongated both above and below the seed. — This species is
well separated from the preceding species by its ovoid not funnel-shaped capsule.

Var. firma, Triana I. c. ; leaves sessile. S. firma, Thwaites ms. — Ceylon, alt. 5000
ft., Central Province at Wattehelle; Thwaites No. 3873. — The example of this com-
municated by Mr. Thwaites to Kew is in flower and does not show fruit. It seems
exactly S. Gardneri except as to the sessile leaves, but the fruit may prove it to be
something quite different.

Sonerila.] lx. melastomacejE. (C. B. Clarke.) 533

** Anthers long attenuated or acuminated upwards.
t Plants with distinct stems, the leaves of each pair not very unequal.
§ Species of Ceylon and the South Deccan Peninsula.

12. S. robusta, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 308 ; stein attaining
21 in. shaggy with rufous-brown hair, leaves cordate-ovate sessile with long
rufous hairs above and on the nerves beneath, capsule nearly \ in. catnpanulate
trigonous hispid-scabrous 6-nerved, pedicel about \ in. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat.
ser. 3. xv. 327 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76.

Ceylon; Walker ; Adam's Peak, alt., 5000-7000 ft. Thwaites No. 426 partly.

Branches ascending, round, with harsh or soft hairs. Leaves £ in., nearly entire.
Calyx-tube with many spreading hairs. Petals % in., elliptic, acute, purple. Anthers
attenuated, long. Capsules 3-6 to the raceme, nearly sessile. Seeds with raised
points, raphe exeurrent on one side near the top.

Vab. glabricaidis, Thwaites ms. ; stem 4-angular nearly glabrous, leaves sessile
nearly glabrous beneath. — Ceylon ; at Boputalanda, Central Provinces, Thwaites No.
3955.

13. S. Harvey i, Thwaites Enum. 107 ; stem 18 in. erect with ascending
quadrangular branches nearly glabrous, calyx-tube glabrous, anthers subacumi-
nate but much shorter and less attenuate than in S. robusta.

Ceylon, Central Province, alt. 6000-7000 ft. ; Thwaites No. 2974.

Leaves f in., rhomboid-oblong, unequal-sided, obtuse or subcordate at the base,
glabrous on both surfaces, denticulate ; petiole about ^ in. Racemes short. Petals
% in., elliptic, acute, purple. — Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76 has erroneously
called this species S. Hartwegi, and altered the naming of Thwaites' examples so as
to confuse it with No. 12 S. robusta.

14. S. affinis, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 307; stem 4-12 in.
branching nearly glabrous, leaves ovate and ovate-lanceolate serrate, capsule
^— ^ in. funnel-shaped trigonous 6-ribbed smooth usually shorter than the pedi-
cel. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 325; Thwaites Enum. 109; Triana in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76.

Ceylon, Central Province, alt. 4000 ft. ; Thwaites ; Gardner, Walker.

Leaves $ in. (sometimes much smaller), thin, sparsely pilose above, minutely glan-
• dular-dotted and sometimes thinly hairy beneath ; petiole f in. Calyx-tube nearly
glabrous, or with a few lax hairs. Petals % in., ovate, acute, mauve. Anthers oblong,
attenuated upwards. Seed with raised points, raphe exeurrent on one side near the
top. — See the remarks under No. 4 S. zeylanica.

Vab. rostrata, Thwaites Enum. 108 (sp.) ; anthers more attenuated, leaves less
serrated, flowers usually a deeper colour. — Ceylon, alt. 1000-2000 ft. ; Thwaites No.
2644.

15. S. rhombifolia, Thwaites Enum. 108; glabrous, stem 1-2 ft., leaves
rhomboid narrowed at both ends crenate-serrate, capsule 5 in. funnel-shaped
trigonous 6-ribbed about as long as the pedicel.

Ceylon ; at no great elevation, Thwaites.

Leaves 1 in., 3-nerved the lateral nerves near the margin, minutely glandular-
punctate ; petiole § in. Petals i in., purple-mauve. Seeds with raised points, raphe
exeurrent on one side near the top.

16. S. amabilis, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76; branches
woody round with scattered ascending bristly hairs, leaves oblong petioled
3-nerved subentire with scattered bristly hairs on both surfaces, capsule ^ in.
funnel-shaped or somewhat campanulate trigonous G-ribbed smooth.

534 lx. melastomacE/E. (C. B. Clarke.) [Sonerila..

Southern Deccan Peninsula, Tinnivelly, alt. 2000 ft.; Col. Beddome.

Leaves 1^ in., narrowed to each end, obtuse ; petiole \ in. Racemes 3-6-flowered,
crowded. Calyx-tube with few lax hairs. Petals §-$ in., mauve. Anthers long,
much attenuate. — Mr. Kurz had published a very different species as Sonerila amabilis,
namely, S. Kurzii (No. 38).

17. S. travancorica, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 156 ; branches stout
round adpressedly villous, leaves elliptic acute subentire pinnate-nerved with
many long brown hairs on both surfaces, capsule ^ in. subcampanukte tri-
gonous 6-ribbed smooth longer than the pedicel. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii. 76.

Travancore, alt. 4000 ft. ; Col. Beddome.

Leaves H-3 in., acute hut scarcely acuminate, glandular-dotted, shaggy on the
nerves beneath ; petiole j-l£ in. Racemes 3-9-flowered, short, pedicels with few scat-
tered hairs. Calyx-tube glabrous or sparsely pilose. Petals *-% in., mauve, elliptic,
acute. Anthers oblong, much attenuated upwards. Seed with raised points, raphe
excurrent on one side near the top.

18. S. hirsutula, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 307 ; branches with
spreading rufous hairs, leaves ovate or oblong subentire with many long brown
hairs on both surfaces glandular-dotted and shaggy on the nerves beneath, calyx-
tube with many lax patent rufous brown hairs. Thwaites Enum. p. 108;
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76.

Ceylon, Central Province, alt. 6000-7000 ft. ; Walker, Thwaites No. 276.

Stem 1-2 ft. high, erect ; branches round with four lines. Leaves 1-3 in., 5-nerved
from near the rounded or cordate base or imperfectly pinnate-nerved ; petiole often
2 in. Racemes short-peduncled, about 4-fiowered. Petals | in., elliptic, acute, mauve.
Anthers greatly elongate. Capsule ^-i in., subcampanulate, strongly 6-ribbed, longer
than the pedicel. — This species is very near S. travancorica ; it differs by the patent
(not adpressed) hairs on the stem, and the broad or cordate (not acute) base of the
leaves.

10. S. pilosula, Thwaites Enum. p. 108 ; leaves ovate-lanceolate pinnate-
nerved with short hairs over both surfaces very unequal at the base, calyx-tube
with many short patent hairs, petals f in. purple-red. Triana in Trans. Linn.
Soc. xxviii. 76.

Ceylon, Walker; Saffragam District, alt. 1000-2000 ft., Thwaites.

Stem 6-18 in., round, striated, with many short patent hairs. Leaves 2-3| in.,
entire, somewhat acuminate ; petiole 1-2^ in. Racemes short, 6-1 2-flowered. Anthers
much elongate. Capsule funnel-shaped, 6-ribbed (Thwaites).— This species is marked
by the very unequal base of the leaves ; one side of the blade being often continued
for \ in. along the petiole. Perhaps a form of No. 22 S. elegans.

20. S. speciosa, ZenJc. PI. Ind. 18, t. 18; stem nearly or quite gla-
brous below ending in a long peduncle villous upwards, leaves 5-9-nerved from
the base, petals f in. mauve round-elliptic acute, capsule | in. hispid oblong
trigonous from a subcampanulate base. Zenk. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 1. vi. 151 ;
Bot. Mag. t. 5026 ; Wight Ic. t. 995-2 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76.
S. solanoides, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 324, xvi. t. 18, f. 3. S. orbi-
culata, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. viii. 57, with Jig. S. elegans, Bot . Mag.
4978, not of Wight.

Hills of the South Deccan Peninsula, frequent: Nilghiris, Wight; Mysore,
T. Lobb ; Courtallam, Wight ; &c.

Stems attaining 9-12 in., upper half often naked. Leaves 2-3 in., ovate or elliptic,.

Sonerila.] lx. melastomaceje. (C. L>. Clarke.) 535

acute, glabrous or nearly so, denticulate or subserrate ; petiole 1-2 in. Raceme often
subpaniculate with 8-14 flowers and very hirsute. Calyx-tube generally with much
lax brown hair. Anthers shortly beaked. Capsule definitely but lightly 6-ribbed,
erect, usually longer than its pedicel. Seeds with raised points ; raphe large, excurrent,
like a hood near the top of the seed on one side.

21. S. grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 4099; sterns very woody below branch-
ing round, leaves glabrous bristle-serrate 5-7-nerved from the base, petals f-f in.
elliptic acute mauve. Wight. Ic. t. 995 ; W. Sf A. Prodr. 322 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5354 ;
Benn. PI. Jav. Bar. 216 ; Triana in Trans. Linn, Soc. xxviii. 76.

Nilghiris ; near Sisparah, Wight, Gardner.

Leaves 1-2 in., crowded on the branchlets, oblong or elliptic, narrowed at both
ends, acute, not much acuminate ; petiole £-| in. Racemes densely flowered ; pedun-
cles short, terminal. Calyx-tube glabrous. Anthers much attenuated. Capsule 5-5 in.,
funnel-shaped, smooth, obscurely ribbed.

22. S. elegans, Wight Lc. t. 995-3; leaves pinnate-nerved with a very
few scattered hairs above nearly or quite glabrous beneath, raceme pubescent,
pedicel and calyx-tube hairy, capsule finally with its pedicel stiffly scabrous.

Nilghiris, Sispara; Wight No. 1109 partly, Mclvor.

Suffrutescent ; branches glabrous or with few scattered hairs. Leaves 2-4 in.,
elliptic-lanceolate from a rounded base, minutely serrulate, sometimes purpurascent
beneath ; petiole i-2 in. Racemes lateral and terminal, long-peduncled. Petals $ in.,
light mauve. Capsule § in., erect, funnel-shaped, trigonous, rather obscurely 6-ribbed,
longer than its pedicel. Seeds with prominent raised points, raphe much excurrent
near the top on one side. — This has been confused with the next species by Triana
{Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76) and in Herbaria. It decisively differs by the very
scabrous ripe capsules : also the indumentum of the leaves is different, and the
peduncle longer. S. pilosula Thwaites (No. 19) may be a form of this with more
pubescent leaves.

23. S. versicolor, Wight Ic. t. 1057 ; leaves pinnate-nerved with scat-
tered hairs on both surfaces, raceme nearly glabrous, pedicel and calyx-tube gla-
brous, capsule finally quite glabrous. S. axillaris, Wight. Ic. t. 1058.

Nilghiris ; Wight ; Gardner, &c. Mysore, T. Lobb.

Suffrutescent, branches pubescent. Leaves 2-4 in., elliptic-lanceolate from a
rounded base, finely serrulate, sometimes purpurascent beneath, hairs above sometimes
with vesicular bases (giving the leaves a spotted appearance) ; petiole 1-3 in. Ra-
cemes terminal and many lateral. Petals ^ in., mauve. Capsidcs f-^- in., erect, in crowded
clusters, narrowly funnel-shaped or almost oblong, rather obscurely 6-ribbed, longer
than the pedicel. Seeds with prominent raised points, raphe excurrent near the top
on one side. — S. axillaris Wight is exactly the same plant the axillary racemes being
placed alternately up the stem on short peduncles with some regularity. S. pilosula,
(No. 19) differs by its hairy racemes and calyx- tube. In both S. versicolor and S.
elegans the leaves are more or less unequal at the base.

24. S. lanceolata, Thwaites JEnum. p. 107 ; leaves sessile long-lanceolate
from a rounded base glabrous, capsules 3— £ in. clustered glabrous oblong some-
what funnel-shaped distinctly 6-ribbed longer than the pedicel. Triana in Ti-ans.
Linn, Soc. xxviii. 76 ; Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 299.

Ceylon, alt. 1000 ft., Walker, Thwaites.

Suffrutescent ; branches round, glabrous. Leaves 2-3 in., 3-nerved from the base
distantly serrulate upwards ; petiole less than ~ in. Petals J in., mauve, broad
elliptic, acute. Anthers not much attenuated. Seeds smooth or nearly so ; raph
large, hooded, excurrent the whole length of the seed.

536 lx. MELASTOMACEiE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Sonerila.

25. S. ang"ustata, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76 ; glabrous,
leaves narrowly lanceolate 1-nerved, capsule I in. short funnel-shaped cernuous
about equal in length to the pedicel. S. rhombifolia /3. angustata, Thwaites ms.

Ceylon; District Galle, Thwaites No. 2799 partly.

Stem 6 in. ; branches wiry, subquadrangular. Leaves If by \ in., with remote
shallow crenatures upwards ; petiole \ in. — The species is distinguished from No. 15
S. rhombifolia Thwaites by Triana, and the leaves appear very different. The speci-
men of Thwaites has no flowers.

§§ Species of the Transgangetic Peninsula.

26. S. tenuifolia, Blame in Flora, 1831, 491 ; stem attaining a foot
glabrous or with a few spreading hairs, leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate
strongly serrate, capsule glabrous with a very wide mouth. Benn. PL Jav. Par.
211, t. 44 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 324 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
563 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76.

Malacca, Mount Ophir ; T. Lobb, Maingay No. 779. — Distrib. Java.

Leaves f-2 in., unequal, often pilose above ; petiole %-l\ in. Anthers oblong, atten-
uated. Capsule \-\ in., trigonous, shorter than its pedicel, mouth £-| in. broad.
Seeds with raised points, raphe excurrent on one side near the top.

27. S. linearis, Hooh.f. ?m.; Trianain Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76; nearly
glabrous, leaves linear-spathulate sessile minutely distantly toothed or sub-
entire, capsule \ in. canipanulate narrow-cylindric glabrous faintly 6-ribbed
longer than the pedicel. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 78.

Moclmein, on Mount Gerai, alt. 3000 ft., T. Lobb No. 345, 425.

Very erect, 15 in., with small round branches. Leaves 1 by ^ in. Racemes ter-
minal, 2-4-flowered. Calyx-tube minutely puberulous. Petals % in., mauve. Anthers
slender, attenuated upwards.

28. S. picta, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 249, t. 52 ; leaves ovate or
lanceolate pinnate-nerved serrulate, racemes about 6-flowered short-peduncled
terminal, calyx-tube and pedicel puberulous subpubescent, petals £ in. elliptic
acute mauve, anthers much elongate. Blume Mus. Bot. i. 11 ; Miq. FL Ind. Bat.
i. pt. i. 564 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 326 ; Triana in Trans. Linn.
Soc. xxviii. 76 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 78.

Mergui, Griffith ; Moulmein, T. Lobb, Parish. — Distrib. Sumatra.

Stem 4-8 in., little divided, pubescent or subtomentose upwards. Leaves 1-4 in.,
nearly glabrous, pubescent on the nerves beneath, usually none of the nerve quite
basal and 2-3 nerves high up the midrib, blotched white or not along the midrib
above ; petiole |— § in. Capstde (ex Korthals) funnel-shaped, trigonous, sparsely pilose.
Seeds with raised points, raphe very excurrent, hooded.

Var. Lobbii ; stem very rusty tomentose, leaves small scarcely 1 in. — Top of
Thoungyeen, Moulmein, alt. 4000 ft. ; T. Lobb.

29. S. secunda, P. Br. in Wall. Cat. 4094 ; stem weak pubescent sim-
ple, leaves elliptic acute pinnate-nerved, peduncle capsules and pedicels glabrous,
capsule I in. funnel-shaped subtrigonous as long as the pedicel, ribs not promi-
nent. Benn. PL Jav. Par. 216 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76 ; Kurz
in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 78.

Tavoy ; Wallich.

Stem 2-4 in., with 4-5 large leaves approximated at its summit. Leaves 2-4^
in., minutely denticulate, with scattered long lax hairs on both surfaces, hairs some-

/£?. Sonerila,] lx. melastomace^e. (C. B. Clarke.) 537

times vesicular at the base, sometimes blotched along the midrib above ; petiole
\-^ in. Peduncle terminal, 2- 3 in. . Flowers not seen.

§ § § Species of Bengal.

30. S. squarrosa, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey # Wall. i. 182;
stem 2-4 in. little divided thick, leaves crowded towards the upper part of the
stem spathulate-lanceolate serrulate, petiole jointed on a tubercle of the stem
which is supported on each side bv rufous bristles, flowers racemed. Wall. Cat.
4093, PL As. Rar. t. 102 ; Naud.'in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 325; Triana in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76.

Khasia Mts., alt. 3000-4000 ft. ; frefuent.

Leaves f-l£ in., glabrous, attenuated into the petiole ; stipules ^-\ in. Racemes
few-flowered ; peduncles subterminal, short. Calyx-tube glabrous. Petals }-% in.,
ovate, acute, mauve. Capsule \ in., glabrous, funnel-shaped, subtrigonous, hardly
ribbed, pedicel very short. Seed obovoid, without raised points, raphe not at all
excurrent.

31. S. arg-uta, R. Br. in Wall. Cat. 4095 ; stems 0-2 in., leaves elon-
gate spathulate; petiole jointed on a tubercle of the stem which is supported on
each side by a rufous bristle, peduncle 1-flowered. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser.
3. xv. 326 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76.

Khasia Mts., alt. 3000-4000 ft., Wallich, H.f $ T., C. B. Clarice.

Leaves (including the petiole) 1-4 by \-\ in., attenuated into the petiole, with
scattered large hairs above or glabrous, 1 -nerved, very minutely denticulate. Pe-
duncle l£-2 in. Calyx-tube glabrous. Petals ^-^ in., mauve, elliptic, acute. Capsule
| in., oblong, glabrous, subtrigonous, ribs obscure. Seed obovoid, with minute raised
points, raphe not excurrent. — One example collected by Sir J. D. Hooker has broadly
lanceolate leaves, f in. broad, but agrees otherwise with the type.

32. S. maculata, Roxb. Fl. Lnd. i. 177; stem short decumbent round
often divided and with several lateral racemes, leaves pinnate-nerved ovate or
lanceolate from a rounded or narrowed base ciliate scarcely serrulate usually
with many long hairs on both surfaces sometimes nearly glabrous, peduncles not
very long, capsules glabrous cernuous in clusters of 5-15. Wall. Cat. 4091 ;
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Son. 1877, pt. ii.
78. S. emaculata, Roxb. Fl. Lnd. i. 178. S. angustifolia, Roxb. I. c, not of
Wall. Cat. ; Wall. PI. As. Rar. t. 102. S. picta, Griff. Notul. iv. 676 (ex Kurz
in Flora 1871-90). S. Brandisiana, Kurz in Flora, 1871, 290. Sonerila sp.
3 and 4, Griff. Notul. iv. 676.

Nipal; Wallich. Assam Hills and Khasia Mts., alt. 1000-5000 ft., plentiful.
Maetaban and Tenasserim, Kurz.

Leaves often 4 by 2 in., frequently unequal at the base, sometimes appearing
spotted above from vesicular-based hairs ; petiole 1-2 in., usually ciliate and pubes-
cent. Calyx-tube puberulous, and generally with a few scattered hairs. Petals mauve,
elliptic, very acute. Capsule £ in., oblong or somewhat funnel-shaped, slightly tri-
gonous, obscurely ribbed, much longer than the pedicel. Seeds with prominent raised
points, raphe only slightly excurrent near the top of the seeds on one side. — Wall.
Cat. 4090 marked Sonerila angustifolia Roxb. is an Argostemma.

tt Plants pith distinct stems, the leaves of each pair exceedingly dissimilar.

33. S. moluccana, Roxb. Fl. -lnd. i. 178; stem short hirsute, larger
leaf of eacb pair 4-5 in. with a petiole of 1 in. the smaller one £ in., capsule

538 lx. melastomace^:. (C. B. Clarke.) [Sonerila.

intensely hispid scabrous. Wall. Cat. 4089 ; Blume Mus. Bot. i. p. 10 ; Benn.
PI. Jav. Bar. 215; Miq. Fl. Jnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 562 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Socr
xxviii. 77. S. paradoxa, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 321. S. begoniae-
folia, Blume Mus. Bot. i. p. 11 ; Naud. I. c. 322 ; Triana I. c.

Pinang ; Wallich, Griffith, Maingay. Malacca ; Maingay. Singapore ; Wallich,
Lobb, — Distbib. Malaya.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, very unequal at the base, pinnate-nerved, with much rufous
or brown hair on both surfaces, ciliate, hardly serrulate. Calyx-tube very shaggy. Pe-
tals | in., elliptic, acute. Capsule less than \ in., broad-campanulate, loDger than its
pedicel. Seeds almost epunctate, raphe very strongly excurrent near the top on one side.

ftf Stemless or almost stemless specws {the stem sometimes elongate in S.
Griffithii).

§ Capsule subhemispheric, i.e. short ivith the three angles obscure.

34. S. Wallichii, Benn. PI. Jav. Bar. 215 ; leaves pinnate-nerved ovate
acute, capsule short subcauipanulate glabrous crowned by a prominent white
margin, seeds with raised points and the raphe moderately excurrent on one side
towards its top. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 77. S.'Rheedii, Wall.
Cat. 4096 ; W. fy A. Prodr. 321. S. acaulis, Beddome in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxv. 216.

South Malabar Ghats. Cochin, Johnston ; Anamallays, Beddome ; Baba-
boodun Hills, Law.

Leaves from £ to 5 in. often broad or cordate at the base sometimes acute,
minutely denticulate or entire, usually puberulous and also with a few scattered
hairs; petiole 0-2^ in. Peduncle 1-8 in.; flowers 3-17, crowded, subumbelled*
pedicels glabrous. "Petals \ in., elliptic, acute, mauve. Anthers not greatly elongate.
Capside ^-^ in. exclusive of the margin, shorter than the pedicel.

35. S. scapig-era, Dalz. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. 672, t. 23 ;
leaves nerved from near the base ovate or ovate-oblong, capsule campanulate
glabrous crowned by a very narrow margin, seeds without raised points or excur-
rent raphe. Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 93 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii.

77.

Bombay Ghats, Dalzell ; Concan and Bababoodun Hills, Law ; Mysore, Lobb.

Leaves commonly ^-H in., broad or cordate at the base, minutely crenate-serrate,
glabrous, sometimes glandular puberulous dotted above ; petiole often 2 in. Peduncle
1-3 in. ; flowers 4-10, crowded, subumbellate ; pedicels glabrous or nearly so. Petals
i-f in., elliptic, acute, mauve. Anthers much elongate. Capsule £-£in., shorter than
the pedicel. — The peduncle pedicels and petioles frequently become succulent and
much thickened. Generally resembling S. Wallichii and closely allied to it.

♦

36. S. rotundifolia, Bedd. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 216 ; leaves orbicu-
lar or ovate nerved from near the base, peduncles 1-4-flowered, raceme glabrous
or nearly so, capsule short hemispheric glabrous crowned by a narrow margin,
seeds with raised large subtubercular points raphe not excurrent. Triana in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 77 ; Bedd. Ic. PI. Lnd. Or. t. 169.

South Deccan ; Anamallays, alt. 5000 ft. ; Beddome.

Leaves £-§ in. diam., cordate at the base, minutely denticulatef glabrous and
minutely puberulous, dotted on both surfaces ; petiole ^-1^ in. Peduncles 1^-3 in.
Petals | in., orbicular-obovate, mauve. Anthers short for the genus, little attenuate*
truncate. Capsule je~rd m-> shorter than the pedicel.

Sonerila.] lx. melastomaceje. (C. B. Clarke.) 530

37. S. Xurzii, C. B. Clarke; leaves orbicular nerved from the base
pedicels 8-5 with many patent hairs, capsule short (Kurz). S. amabilis, Kuri
in Flora, 1871, 290.

Sikkim; Eungait Valley, alt. 4000-5000 it., Kurz; Eungbee Valley, alt. 2000-
3000 ft., Jaffrey.

Leaves £-f in. diam., with many long patent hairs, subentire, cordate at the base ;
petiole ^-l£ in., with long patent hairs. Peduncle 1-2 in., with many patent hairs ;
pedicels crowded, subumbelled. Petals f in., broadly elliptic, obtuse, rose-mauve.
Anthers narrower upwards, hardly acuminated.

§§ Capmie oblong funnel-shaped, distinctly trigonous.

38. S. G-riffithii, C. B. Clarke ; leaves glabrous minutely dotted puber-
ulous beneath, capsule I in. funnel-shaped, pedicel nearly I in., seeds with very
minute points raphe prominently excurrent on one side near the top.

Malacca, Mount Ophir ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2300), T. Lobb, Mainqay
No. 781.

Stemless, or the stem l-2£ in. Leaves |— I in., ovate, glabrous or with scattered
bristly hairs above, minutely denticulate, subciliate, nerves from near the base ; petiole
$-1 in. Peduncle 1-4 in., 2-6-flowered ; raceme short, glabrous or nearly so. Petals
| in., broadly elliptic, acute. Anthers long, attenuate.

39. S. nudiscapa, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 78 ; leaves with
flaccid scattered hairs beneath, capsule | in. narrow funnel-shaped, pedicel much
shorter, seeds with very small minute raised points raphe scarcely excurrent.

Mergui ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2303). Tenasserim or Andamans, Heifer
(Kew Distrib. No. 2303).

Nearly stemless. Leaves 1-2 in., very thin, ovate or elliptic-oblong, obtuse, nearly
entire, somewhat pinnate-nerved; petiole 0-f in. Peduncle l-l£ in., 3-8-flowered;
raceme short, glabrous or nearly so. Petals % in., elliptic, acute. Seeds hardly half
as large as in any other species.

40. S. violae folia, Hook. f. ms. ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 77;
glabrous, bundles of rufous bristles £-f in. about the base of the petioles, capsule
| in. funnel-shaped usually shorter than the pedicel, seeds with minute raised
points raphe not excurrent. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 78.

Moxjlmeix ; Lobb No. 356.

Stemless. Leaves 1-2 in., ovate, entire or minutely denticulate, 5 -nerved, the upper
two nerves often branching from the midrib at a point some way above its base ; pe-
tiole £- 2| in. Peduncle 1-3 J in., 3-8-flowered. Petals £ in., mauve, elliptic, acute.
— In this and the next species the rufous bristles at the base of the petiole are exceed-
ingly like those in S. arguta and S. squarrosa, but they are in numerous tufts (not
2 only and quasi-stipular as in those species) and the petiole is not jointed on a
tubercle of a woody stem as in those species. •

41. S. khasiana, C. B. Clarke ; bundles of rufous bristles \-\ in. about
the base of the petioles, leaves usually with scattered bristly hairs above, capsule
£-} in. oblong shorter than the pedicel, seeds with minute dots raphe not ex-
current.

Khasia Mts., alt. 4000-5000 ft.; Mamloo, Kalapani, H. f. 4' T>'> Jarain in
Jaintea, C. B. Clarke.

540 lx. melastomaceje. (C. B. Clarke.) [Sonerila.

Stemless. Leaves less than 1 in., ovate, often acute, entire, ciliate but scarcely
serrate, 5-nerved from the base or the two upper nerves from the midrib ; petiole
£-l£ in. Peduncle l-2£ in., 1-4-flowered. Petals \ in., mauve, elliptic, acute. An-
thers long, narrowed upwards but scarcely acuminate. — Near S. violcefolia, and
possibly a hairy dwarf mountain form of it.

Section B. Stamens 6.

42. S. heterostemon, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 326, xvi.
t. 18, f. 4 ; glabrous or nearly so, leaves unequal, stamens 3 with longer fila-
ments and purple anthers somewhat produced at base 3 with yellow anthers not
produced, capsule broadly funnel-shaped sessile.

Malacca ; Griffith, Lobb, Cuming. Singapore ; Maingay. — Distrib. Malaya.

Stems attaining 18 in., much branched, with many lateral racemes. Leaves 2-4£ in.,
elliptic, acuminate or acute, broad often unequal at the base, entire, with 5-7 main
longitudinal nerves; petiole j-lj in. Eacemes on short peduncles, elongate in fruit,
10-20-flowered. Seeds with raised points, raphe excurrent the whole length of the seed.
— The sessile broad funnel-shaped capsules readily distinguish this species. The leaves
are sometimes puberulous subpubescent on the nerves, and sometimes show spots on
the upper surface. This species is reduced to S. obliqua, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch.
Bot. p. 250 by Triana and probably correctly : but S. obliqua Korth. is classed as tri-
androus by all who quote it : cf. Miq. Fl. Bid. Bat. i. pt. i. 563.

43. S. Bensoni, Hook.f. in. Bot. Mag. t. 6049; glabrous below, ped-
uncle upwards and raceme hairy, stamens equal, anthers all yellow not produced
at the base.

Raised in London from seed sent from the Malabar Ghats by Col. Benson.

This plant seems exactly S. speciosa (No. 20). The change of .habitat and
forcing in rich soil in an English stove may have developed the three stamens usually
suppressed in the genus (?).

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

S. bullata, Griff. Notul. iv. 675, from Malacca, is not identifiable. Triana
(Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 77) thinks it may be a Briessenia, but the terminal panicle
points rather to Allomorphia.

S. glaberrima, Am. in Hook. Bot. Mag* ii. 307. The specimen thus named in
Wight's Herbarium is S. rhombifolia. We have seen no other.

S. Helferi, C. B. Clarke ; stem 8 in. branched woody round rusty-pubescent,
leaves f in. elliptic acute entire 3-nerved from the base rusty shortly pubescent on
both surfaces as is the petiole (\ in.), racemes lateral 2— i-flowered on peduncles less
than £ in., capsule |-| in. funnel-shaped subsessile nearly glabrous with triangular
ereet teeth. — Tenasserim or Anbamans, Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2295).

S. maculata ; Rheede's plant (Hort. Mai. ix. t. 65) usually referred to S. macu-
lata is certainly not that plant ; it may be No. 20 S. speciosa, Zenk.

11. SARCOPVRAXKIS, Wall.

An erect glabrous herb ; stem quadrangular. Leaves petioled, ovate or lan-
ceolate, serrulate, 3-nerved. Floicers in small clusters, pedicelled or nearly
sessile, axillary and terminal, small, rose-purple. Calyx-tube glabrous, obpyra-
midal, 4-winged ; limb very short, 4-toothed. Petals 4, ovate. Sta??iens S,
equal ; anthers oblong, scarcely produced at the base, connective appendaged at
the base with a spur. Ovary half-adnate to the calyx, 4- celled ; style filiform j
•ovules very many, placentas axile. Capsule crowned with four large scales,

Sarcoptjramis.'] lx. melastomacejE. (C. B. Clarke.) 541

opening by 4 valves at the top. Seeds numerous, obovoid, covered with pro-
minent raised points, raphe not excurrent.

1. S. nepalensis, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 23; Cat. 4088; Benn. PI.
Jav. Rar. 214. S. lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 6290 ; Benn. I. c. ; Kurz in Journ. As.
Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 77. S. grandiflora, Griff. Notul. iv. 678 ; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 639.

Nipal and Sikxim, alt. 4000-9000 ft. ; plentiful. Khasia Mts., alt. 4000-6000 ft. ;
plentiful. Burma and Malay Peninsula ; Griffith, Kurz.

Stem often 2-6 in., succulent, weak, sometimes 18 in. with thick woody branches.
Leaves 2-4 in., from ovate to lanceolate, long-acuminate ; petiole h-l in. Calyx-tube
glabrous, sometimes with minute bundles of hairs between the bases of the teeth.
Petals scarcely \ in. Fruit about \ in., quadrangular, mouth of the calyx-tube very wide.
— Triana reduces (in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxyiii. 77, 78) to this species Sonerila Naudi-
niana Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. p. 565 with syn. But Miquel removed this plant
from Sarcopyramis because it had 6 stamens : there is no authentic specimen of it at
Kew. ♦

12. FKYLLAGATHIS,^ume.

IJerbaceous small shrubs with very short stems. Leave* opposite (or the ter-
minal leaf solitary), large, petioled, orbicular, cordate, 7-9-nerved. Floivers in
a peduncled dense head, purple. Calyx-tube campanulate, glabrous or with long
bristles near the top, teeth 4 (rarely 3), acute, long-setose. Petals 4 (rarely 3),
ovate, acute, glabrous. Stamens 8 (rarely 6), equal ; anthers elongate, scarcely
produced at the base, connective without appendage. Ovary adnate to the bot-
tom of the calyx- tube, 4- (rarely 3-) celled, glabrous at the apex ; style filiform ;
ovules very numerous, placentas large axile. Capsule broadly funnel-shaped,
opening by 4 valves at the top. Seeds ellipsoid, somewhat obovoid, with glan-
dular hardly raised dots, raphe slightly excurrent along one side of the seed its
whole length. — Distrib. Species 2 ; one Malayan, one Bornean.

1. P. rotundifolia, Blume in Flora, 1831, 507 ; leaves glabrous or
puberulo-glandular beneath, flower-heads with ovate bracts beneath. Korth. in
Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. t. 57 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. p. 332 ; Bot.
Mag. t. 5282 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 77. Melastoma rotundifolium,

Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. #riv. 12 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 149.

•

Malacca ; Griffith, Maingay. ? Tenasserim or Andamans, Heifer No. 2266.

Leaves usually 4-9 in. diam., obtuse or acute, entire, usually red beneath ; petiole
2-5 in., with long pendent coarse bristles or nearly glabrous. Bracts to the flower
head red, £ in. wide and upwards. Calyx-teeth from short-ovate with a mucro to
ovate-lanceolate attenuate. Capsule about \ in., fruiting pedicel about £ in. — Hei-
fer's No. 2266, in fruit, shows the capsule trigonous with smooth almost convex faces :
the other typical examples show the fruit 6-8-ribbed, the ribs prominent : in all these
the fruit is over-ripe and the wall partly broken down. Heifer's plant may be a
new species or even a new genus ; but the leaves are exceedingly like the well-marked
leaves of Phyllagathis.

13. MARUaXXA, Blume. *

Twining shrubs ; branches round, thickened at the nodes. Leaves opposite,
short-petioled, coriaceous, elliptic-lanceolate, cordate at the base, 3-nerved from
the base besides two submarginal nerves, entire, tomentose beneath. Cymes
axillary ; flowers 3-5, large, pedicelled, purple or white. Calyx-tube cylindric,

542 lx. melastomaceje. (C. B. Clarke.) [Marumia.

tomentose (and often bristly or stellate-hairy) ; lobes 4, persistent. Petals 4,
obovate. Stamens 8, unequal ; anthers elongate, opening by a single pore ; con-
nective of the longer anthers carrying in front two long bristles and behind
often one or two spurs or several twisted bristles. Ovary at the base (or half
its height) adnate to the calyx, 4-celled, densely hairy at the apex; style
filiform ; ovules numerous, placentas axile. Berry ellipsoid, crowned by the
calyx-limb. Seeds numerous, oblong-ellipsoid, with glandular scarcely raised
dots, raphe slightly excurrent along the whole length of one side. — Distrib.
Species 10, extending from the southern half of the Transgangetic Peninsula to
Borneo and the Philippines.

1. XME. nexnorosa, Blume in Flora, 1831, 505 ; branches rusty closely
pubescent snbtomentose, calyx-tube rusty closely pubescent stellate-tomentose
sometimes scabrous subtuberculate, teeth ovate-lanceolate acuminate. Naud.
in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 279 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 532 ; Triana in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 82. M. affinis, Korth. in Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 241,
t. 60 ; Miq. I. c. 533. Melastoma nemorosum, Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 8 ;
DO. Prodr. iii. 149 ; Wall. Cat. 4043.

Pinang; Wallich, SchomburgJc, Phillips. Malacca; Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib.
Borneo, Sumatra.

Leaves 3-4 in., shining, minutely puberulous above, rufous-stellate beneath ; petiole
-*- in. Peduncle 1-2 in. ; pedicels \-% in. Connective of the longer anthers at the base
with two long bristles in front and several short twisted hairs behind.

2. M. zeylanica, Blume in Flora, 1831, 505 ; branches rusty closely
pubescent or subtomentose and with scattered spreading long bristles, calyx-
tube rufous-stellate tomentose and with spreading bristles \ in., teeth triangular-
lanceolate. Blume JRumph. t. 5 ; Triana in Tram. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 82. M.
echinulata, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 280 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
534. Melastoma rhodocarpum, Wall. Cat. 4045.

Malacca; Maingay. Singapore; Wallich, Walker, T. Anderson. — Distrib. Ma-
laya to the Philippines.

Leaves 3-4 in., shining above, rufous-stellate beneath ; petiole £-£ in. Peduncle
1 in., pedicels \-^ in. Connective of the longer anthers at the base with two long
bristles in front and several short twisted hairs behind. •

Var. subglabrata; leaves beneath glabrous except the nerves. Singapore, T.
Anderson.

3. TfL. reticulata, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 34 ; branches rusty tomentose
and with spreading scattered long bristles, calyx-tube rufous-stellate tomentose
and with spreading bristles \ in. from clustered tubercular bases, teeth short
triangular in the bud ovate rounded reflexed after flowering tomentose within.
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 82. M. stellulata, Korth. in Verh. Nat.
Gesch. Bot. 243, not of Blume.

Malay Peninsula ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2269). Malacca ; Maingay No.
784. — Distrib. Sumatra and Java.

Leaves 2-5| in., -shining impressed-reticulate above, with scattered stellate pubes-
cence beneath : petiole £ in. Peduncles £-1 in., chiefly from the upper axils forming
a quasi-terminal panicle ; pedicels \ in. Connective of the longer anthers at the base
with two long bii sties in front; anthers very long, sigmoid. — M. oligantha, Naud. in
Ann. Sc. hat. ser. 3. xv. 300 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 534 is said by Triana to be
also a syn. of M. reticulata^ Blume.

Dissochceta."} lx. melastomx6e;e. (C. B. Clarke.) 543

14. UISSOCHiETA, Blume.

Shrubs, usually/twiners. Leaves opposite, petioled or nearly sessile, elliptic
or oblong-lanceolate, rounded at the base, 3-nerved from, the base besides two
subniarginal nerves, entire. Flowers large or small, in terminal sometimes
leafy panicles, purple or -white, bracts large or small. Calyx-tube campanulate-
cylindric, densely stellate-tomentose pubescent or glabrous ; limb obscurely
4-lobed, more rarely distinctly 4-toothed, persistent. Petals 4. Stamens 8, un-
equal, 4 shorter sometimes wanting, connective of the 4 longer with 2 long
bristles in front at the base (in all the Indian species). Ovary adnate to the
calyx, 4-celled, apex glabrous or densely hairy; style filiform; ovules very
many, placentas axile. Berry ovoid or elliptic, crowned with the calyx-limb.
Seeds ellipsoid, flattened on the side of the raphe. — Distrib. Species 16, ex-
tending from Pinang and Malacca throughout Malaya to the Philippines.

* Anthers very long, attenuate iqnvards.

1. X>. annulata, Hooh.f. ms.; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 83;
branches panicle and leaves beneath with much rufous stellate tomentum, panicle
narrow leafy with large bracts to the young flowers, calyx-tube of the buds more
than £ in. densely woolly-rufous and stellate-hairy, teeth distinctly triangular.
Melastoma bracteatum, Wall. Cat. 4044, partly.

Pinang; Wallich, Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2268). Mount Ophir, Malacca,
Maingay No. 788. — Distrib. Borneo.

Leaves 3-4^ in., glabrous above or minutely pubescent on the nerves ; petiole £ in.
Panicle consisting of axillary cymes (exactly resembling that of Marumia reticulata') ;
bracts f in., oblong, caducous ; pedicels less than \ in. Fruit (not ripe) ellipsoid,
calyx-mouth enlarged, teeth somewhat rounded. — The stem of this plant has rings
-at the nodes as in Marumia : its natural affinity seems altogether with Marumia
reticulata and M. nemorosa : it recedes from M. reticulata only by the absence of the
long bristles on the calyx-tube so common in Marumia ; from M. nemorosa it recedes
by the quasi-paniculate inflorescence and the absence of any twisted hairs at the base
of the connective other than the two long bristles in front.

2. D. punctulata, JLook.f. ms.\ Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 83;
branches and panicle densely closely dark-red furfuraceous, panicle narrow not
leafy, bracts small linear deciduous, calyx-tube \-\ in. densely dark-red furfu-
raceous, teeth short triangular in the expanded flower.

Malacca; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2291); Maingay No. 789. Singapore and
Pinang ; Walker.

Leaves 2|-3i in., glabrous above, with scattered dark-red stellate hairs beneath ;
petiole i-| in. "Panicle terminal, pedicels hardly more than £ in. Fruit (not ripe)
campanulate (seems about to become ovoid), calyx-teeth not then prominent, nor the
mouth enlarged.

3. D. bracteata, Blume in Flora, 1831,495; branches upwards and
panicle with small stellate pubescence, panicle somewhat spreading not leafy,
bracts large oblong longer than the expanding buds, calyx-tube v>f the buds
i-i in. with more or less stellate pubescence limb (in the bud) nearly entire or
very obscurely 4-toothed. Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 529 ; Triana in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xxviii. 84. D. bracteosa, JSaud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 76 ;
Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 527. Melastoma bracteatum, Jack in Trans. Linn.
JSoc. xiv. 9 ; Wall. Cat. 4044, partly.

544 li. MELASTOMACEiE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Dissochceta.

Pinang; Wallich, Porter. Malacca ; Maingay No. 791, 793.

Leaves 2|— 3^ in., glabrous above, with scattered stellate hairs beneath ; petiole
\ in. Pedicels 0-£ in. Petals rose (Jack). Fruit ellipsoid, mouth of the calyx en-
larged.— Maingay's example No. 791 has larger flowers than the "Wallichian types but
appears to agree otherwise: the fruits in Maingay's examples are more than ^ in.
long (though not ripe).

4. D. pallida, Blume in Flora, 1831, 500; branches and panicle mi-
nutely pubemlous with microscopic stellate often evanescent hairs, panicle some-
what spreading not leafy with minute lanceolate caducous bracts, calyx-tube of
the buds \-\ in. minutely pubemlous or glabrous, limb (in the bud) nearly
entire or very obscurely 4-lobed. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 77, t. xv.
f. 4 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 528 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 83.
D. superba, Naud. I. c. ; Miq. I. c. D. ovalifolia, Naud. I. c. 76 ; Miq. I. c. 527.
D. astrosticta, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 318. Melastoma pallida, Jack in Tram.
Linn. Soc. xiv. 12 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 150 ; Wall. Cat. 4049.

Pinang; Wallich. Malay Peninsula; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2292). Sin-
gapore, Pinang &c. ; Walker, Maingay No. 792. — Distrib. Malaya Archipelago.

Leaves attaining 6 by 3| in., glabrous above, dotted beneath with separate stellate
miDute hairs ; petiole f in. Pedicels less than \ in. Fruit ovoid, mouth of the calyx
much enlarged. — The 4 shorter stamens are sometimes obsolete, which accounts for
the multiplication of species here by authors.

** Anthers shoi-t, oblong , truncate, not narrowed upwards.

This section is much more distinct from section * than the latter is from Maru-
mia ; there is no case of intermediate anthers, they are either decidedly truncate or
very elongate. The three species of this section ** are very closely allied ; the panicle
is large and lax, the ultimate pedicels short, the bracts caducous, the flowers small,
the calyx-limb from the bud trancate or only very obscurely 4-lobed.

5. D. intermedia, Blume in Flora, 1831, 493; leaves beneath and
panicle stellately tomentose sometimes ferruginous, fruit \ in. broad more or less
pubescent crowned by the enlarged calyx-mouth not distinctly ribbed. Naud.
in Ann. Sc. Nat: ser. 3. xv. 72 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 524 ; Triana in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 83. Melastoma rubiginosum, Wall. Cat. 4052, partly.

Pinang and Singapore ; Wallich. Malay Peninsula, Griffith (Kew Distrib. No.
2287), Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2286).— Distrib. Malay Archipelago.

Leaves 3 in. ; petiole \ in. Nodes of panicle often much thickened. Flowers
rather larger than in the two following species.

6. J>. celebica, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 36; leaves beneath and panicle
rufous-stellate tomentose, fruit less than f in. broad minutely pubescent ribbed,
calyx-limb caducous leaving only a scar. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 530 ;
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 83. D. microcarpa, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat.
ser. 3. xv. 72 ; Miq. I. c. 523. D. bancana, Miq. I. c. 529. Melastoma fallax,
Wall. Cat. 4050 ; ? Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 13. M. rubiginosum, Wall.
Cat. mm, partly.

Pinang pWallich. Malay Peninsula ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2288). Ma-
lacca; Maingay No. 790. Singapore; T.Anderson. — Distrib. Malay Archipelago.

Leaves 3 in. : petiole \ in. Nodes of panicle often much thickened. — Not well dis-
tinct from the preceding species.

7. D. gracilis, Blume in Flora, 1831, p. 498; leaves beneath and panicle
glabrous or very nearly so, fruit less than § in. broad glabrous ovoid much nar-

Dissochceta.] lx. melastomacej:. (C. B. Clarke.) 545

rowed upwards, calyx-mouth appearing only as a scar. Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch.
Bot. 267 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 75 ; Miq. Fl. Jnd. Bat. i. pt. i.
526; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 83. Melastoma gracile, Jack in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xiv. 14 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 149. M. fallax, Wall. Cat. 4080. ? M. glauca,
Griff. Ic. PI. Asiat. 637.

Pinang and Singapore ; Wallich. — Distrib. Malay Archipelago.

Leaves 3 in. ; petiole sometimes | in. Nodes of panicle often thickened. Stamens
8 or 4, as in the two preceding species. Petals nearly white (Jack). Bracts \ in.,
oblong, much exceeding the expanding buds.

15. &NFLECTBUM, A. Gray.

Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, entire, oblong, narrowed
upwards, 3-5-nerved from the base. ' Floioers not large, white, in terminal pa-
nicles sometimes leafy at the base. Calyx-tube ovoid, limb obscurely 4-lobed or
truncate. Petals 4. Stamens 4 perfect ; anthers attenuated upwards, opening
by one pore, connective at base shortly appendaged or subnude, never with two
long bristles in front ; imperfect stamens 4, 2, or 0, with a rudimentary anther
often bicaudate. Ovary 4-celled, free at the apex, with 4 vertical ridges ;
style simple ; ovules many, placentas axile. Berry ovoid or globose, crowned
with the calyx-limb. Seeds very many, small, falcate, obovoid; raphe long,
lateral. — Distrib. Species 12, extending from Mergui, Pinang and Singapore
to Borneo, and the Philippines.

1. A. glaucum, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 84 excl.many of the
syn. ; leaves 4-6 in. from a broad or subcordate base glabrous beneath suddenly
narrowed into a short obtuse subcaudate tip. A. cyanocarpum, Kurz in Journ.
As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 78, not of Triana. Dissochseta spoliata, Naud. in Ann. Sc.
Nat. ser. 3. xv. 69, t. 4, fig. 1 ; Miq. Fl. Jnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 521. Melastoma
cernuum, Wall. Cat. 4054, not of Roxb. M. glaucum, Wall. Cat. 4055. Os-
beckia tetrandra, Roxb. Fl. Jnd. ii. 224.

Pinang ; Wallich. Mergui and Malay Peninsula ; Griffith\Ke^ Distrib. No.
2289) ; Maingay No. 793-2. Tenasserim or Andamans ; Heifer (Kew Distrib. No.
2290). — Distrib. Malay Archipelago.

Flowers cernuous. Shorter stamens 4, 2 or 0. Fruit £-i in. broad. Pedicels and
calyx-tube minutely puberulous, plant otherwise glabrous. — A. cyanocarpum, Triana.
has the stem somewhat thickly covered with long spreading bristles. None of the
plants collected within the area of the Indian Flora show such bristles : the two spe-
cies may not be distinct, but Mr. Kurz, while not uniting them, says that Heifer's
No. 2290 is Triana's A. cyanocarpum, which must be wrong, as Triana has written A.
glaucum on Heifer's No. 2290.

2. A. pallens, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 38 ; leaves l£-2£ in. glabrous or mi-
nutely puberulous beneath 3-nerved (scarcely 5-nerved) suddenly narrowed into
a long obtuse subcaudate tip. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 304 ; Miq.
Fl. Jnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 554 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 84. Melastoma
petiolare, Wall. Cat. 4053.

Pinang ; Wallich, Porter. Malacca ; Maingay No. 795, 2663.— Distrib. Sumatra,
Borneo.

Shorter stamens usually 0. Fruit ± in. broad, glabrous. Young calyx-tube often
minutely but densely rufous tomentose. — Some of the Archipelago examples have
leaves 4| in. and are then very like A. glaucum.

vol. n. n n

546 lx. melastomace^. (C. B. Clarke.) [Anpledrum.

3. A. divaricatum, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 84, partly)
branchlets panicles and leaves beneath with ferruginous stellate tomentum.
Dissochaeta anceps, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 70. D. palembanica,
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 317. D. glauca, Blume in Flora, 1831, p. 501.
Melastoma glauca, Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 15. M. polyanthum, Benth. in
Wall. Cat. 4051.

Pinang ; Wallich, Walker. Malacca ; Griffith, Maingay No. 794 ; Cuming, No.
2259. — Distrib. Java to Philippines.

Leaves usually 2-2 £ in., oblong, acute, glabrous above or rufous stellate-tomentose
on the nerves ; petiole ^-\ in. Young calyx-tube densely stellate-tomentose. Shorter

4. A. annulatum, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 84; branches
nearly glabrous but with scattered patent bristly hairs, more thickened at the
nodes than the other species and with a ring of dense rufous tomentum below
each node, leaves nearly glabrous beneath. Melastoma annulatum, Wall. Cat.
4056.

Pinang; Porter.

Leaves 4-5 in., glabrous, oblong, cordate at the base; petiole |- ^ in., with spread-
ing bristles. Panicle with spreading bristles, and rufous-tomentose. Young calyx
rufous-tomentose, Fruit £ in. broad, ovoid, ultimately glabrous or nearly so.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

A. assamicum, C. B. Clarke ; stem with coarse spreading bristles somewhat an-
nulated at the nodes, leaves very large short-petioled elliptic-lanceolate with spreading
bristly hairs on the nerves beneath otherwise glabrous.

Assam, foot of the Naga Hills, and Bhotan, Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2285).

Branches stout. Leaves 5-7 in., very acute, cordate at the base ; petiole £-£ in.,
densely coarsely bristly. Panicle (in fruit) terminal, large, repeatedly trichotomous ;
fruits very numerous (like those of Anplectrum), smooth, campanulate at the base (not
ripe £ in. broad). — Flowers not seen.

Ac BARBATU3r,tTHawa in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 84; Melastoma? barbatum,
Wall. Cat. 4082 from Chappedong in Martaban.

The Wallichian example exhibits neither inflorescence, flowers nor fruit, and is
indeterminable. Leaves 4 in., ovate, shortly acuminated, glabrous; petiole £ in.,
glabrous but with a dense erect fringe of rusty bristles on its upper face ; stem nearly
glabrous.

16. MEDINILLA, Gaud.

Branching shrubs, erect or scandent. Leaves opposite or whorled, entire,
often fleshy, glabrous in all the Indian species, usually longitudinally 3-9-nerved.
Floivers in terminal panicles or lateral cymes, white or rose, with or without
bracts, 4- or 5- rarely 6-merous. Calyx-tube ovoid or cylindric, limb truncate or
obscurely toothed. Stamens twice as many as the petals, equal or nearly equal
(rarely unequal) ; anthers opening at the top by one pore ; connective not (or
very shortly ) produced at the base but having two tubercles in front and a spur
behind. Ovary inferior, 4-6-celled, usually glabrous at the apex ; style filiform;
ovules very many, placentas axile. Berry crowned by the limb of the calyx.
Seeds very many, ovoid or subfalcate, raphe often thickened and excurrent. —
Distrib. Species 50 ; mainly in Malaya, East Bengal and Ceylon ; a few are
found in the Fiji Archipelago and in the East African islands.

Medinilla.] IX. iiELASTOMACE^. (C. B. Clarke.) 547

* Flowers in axillary cymes (see also 10. M. himalayana).
t Leaves whorled.

1. M. rosea, Gaud, in Freyc. Toy. Bot. 484, t. 106; branches round,
leaves obovate-oblong 3-nerved the two lateral nerves near the margin, flowers
4-merous. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 286 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii. 85.

Malacca, Mount Ophir; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2282), MaingayTSo. 796.—
Distrib. Marianne Islands.

Leaves l£ in.; petiole \ in. Cymes 3-10-flowered. Flowers large. Anthers
shortly produced at the base, connective having a short spur. Berry nearly \ in.
broad, ovoid. Seeds falcate-ellipsoid, raphe not excurrent.

2. BX. macrocarpa, Blume Humph, i. 14, t. 2 ; branches round, leaves
obovate-oblong acute 3-nerved, flowers 5-merous. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat.
ser. 3. xv. 293 ; Mia. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 544 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii. 86.

Malacca; Maingay No. 799. — Distrib. Malay Archipelago.

Leaves 2£-4 in. ; petiole £- § in. Cyme 3-10-flowered. Flowers large. Calyx-
limb even in the bud truncate entire in Maingay's examples. Anthers long, pro-
duced at the base, spur of the connective long. Berry \ in. wide, hardly narrowed
upward. Seeds falcate-ellipsoid, smooth, raphe not excurrent.

tt Leaves opposite.

3. AX. Hasseltii, Blume in Flora 1831, p. 513 ; branches round verru-
cose, leaves lanceolate, flowers 4-merous, fruit ovoid, calyx-rim not produced far
above the fruit, seeds obovoid smooth slightly flattened on the side of the raphe
which is not produced. Mia. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 542. M. crassifolia, Triana
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 86, partly. Melastoma laurifolium, Wall. Cat. 4084.

Singapore; Wallich. Malacca; Maingay No. 1ST. — Distrib. Java, Sumatra.

Leaves 4-7 in., 3-nerved, an obscure pair of nerves very near the margin some-
times added, very acuminate, narrowed at the base in the Indian examples (less so in
Blume's authentic specimen) ; petiole ^-\ in. Anthers at the base distinctly but
shortly produced, spur of the connective short. Fruit £ in. diam. — Keduced to M.
crassifolia by Triana ; but, as Blume observes, the leaves are much longer, with
shorter petioles, and the flowers 4-merous. The true M. crassifolia, Blume, has not
been found in British India.

Var. Griffithii ; cymes lateral on short peduncles but greatly developed repeat-
edly divided with opposite branches at right angles and sometimes 40 flowers on one
cyme.— Mount Ophir, Malacca; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2282).

4. BK. rubicunda, Blume in Flora, 1831, 512 ; branches round some-
what striated, leaves elliptic or lanceolate, flowers 4-merous, fruit ovoid, calyx-
rim very short, seed obovoid smooth slightly flattened on the side of the raphe
which is not produced. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 288, t. 13, fig. 1 ;
Miq. Fl Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 539 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 86.
M. erythrophylla, Lindl. in Paxt. Mag. Bot. x. 79 ; Naud. I. c. 289 ; Miq. I. c.
540. Melastoma rubicunda, Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 18; DC. Prodr.
iii. 148 ; Wall. Cat. 4086. M. erythrophyllum, Wall. Cat. 4085.

Subtropical Himalaya from Sikkim eastward. Khasia Mts., alt. 2000-5000 ft.,
common. Pinang ; Wallich, — Distrib. Sumatra.

Leaves 2-6 in., narrowed at both ends, 3-5-nerved, one pair of nerves often
starting \ in. above the base of the leaf; petiole 0-£ in. Peduncles rarely 1 in.

NN 2

548 lx. MELASTOMACEiE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Medlnilla.

Anthers at the base very shortly produced, spur of the connective very short. Fruit
^-i in. diam., when ripe black, edible though insipid, rim of the calyx then evanes-
cent.— This plant really differs little from M. Hasseltii ; but in its typical form the
leaves are elliptic nearly sessile : also the anthers at the base and the spur of the
connective are even shorter.

5. BX. fuchsioides, Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. viii. 12; branches
round somewhat striated, leaves subsessile elliptic-oblong subcuneate at the
base, peduncles 1-3-flowered, flowers 4-merous. Thwaites Enum. 106 ; Triana
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 86.

Ceylon ; Gardner ; Newera Ellia and Horton Plains, Thwaites,
Leaves 2-3J in., 3-5-nerved, minutely glandular beneath (Thwaites). Peduncles
solitary ; pedicels and calyx rose-purple. Petals a fine lake below, white at top. An-
thers shortly produced at the base, connective with a short spur. Fruit §• in. diam.,
subglobose. — The specimens of this very succulent plant are imperfect and the above
description is mainly compiled from Gardner and Thwaites' description.

6. BX. maculata, Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. viii. 13 ; branches
quadrangular angles waved winged, leaves subsessile ovate obtuse or oblong
obscurely crenate, peduncles 1-3-flowered, flowers 4-merous small. Thwaites
Enum. 106 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 86, excluding the syn. Don.

Ceylon ; Central Provinces, alt. 3000-5000 ft., Thwaites, Macrae, Walker.

Leaves f-l£ in., 3-nerved, minutely glandular beneath (Thwaites). Calyx-tube
green-red. Petals | in., pale-rose. Anthers shortly produced at the base, connective
with a short spur. Fruit £ in. broad, very small, subcampanulate.

Var. Thwaitesii, leaves cuneate-obovate. — Ceylon; Hellesseen, Pasdoon Corle,
Thwaites No. 3443.

7. BX. Beddomei, C. B. Clarke ; branches round, leaves short-petioled
orbicular or broad-elliptic, peduncles 1-flowered, flowers 4-merous large. M.
radicans, Bedd. Jc. PI. Jnd. Or. t. 184, not of Blume. Triplectrum radicans,
W. 8f A. Prodr. 324.

"Western Peninsula ; Kurg, Wight. Wynaad, alt. 2000-3500 ft., Beddome.

Leaves 1-1| in., 3-nerved, much thicker than those of M. maculata. Petals (in
Wight's own No. 1151) more than \ in. Beddome says the flowers are " 14-15 lines
long." Anthers prominently produced at the base, spur of the connective also promi-
nent ; four additional imperfect stamens sometimes present {ex Beddome). — This
plant wholly differs from M. maculata (with which Triana unites it doubtfully) by
its much larger flowers as well as different leaves and anthers. It does not appear
however that Triana ever saw Wight's No. 1151. Nor did Beddome, who doubts if
it can be the same as his M. radicans : with which however it agrees perfectly.

8. BX. malabarica, Bedd. 1c. PI. Jnd. Or. 157 ; branches round striate
somewhat verrucose, leaves 2-3 in. elliptic narrowed to both ends 3-5-nerved,
petiole less than \ in., flowers 4-merous, anthers oblong short truncate subnude
at base.

Anamallays and Nilghiris, alt. 3000-4000 ft. ; Beddome.

Peduncles axillary, 1-3-flowered. Flowers large. Filaments long, anthers short
with two glandular swellings at the apex of the filament inside, spur of the con-
nective perceptible behind but very small. — This species in leaves and inflorescence
is much like M. rubicunda ; but in its anthers it is altogether remote, and approaches
Pachycentria.

** Flowers in terminal panicles or quasi-lateral cymes.

Medinilla.] lx. melastomace^:. (C. B. Clarke.) 549

9. III. speciosa, Blume in Flora 1831, 515; branches thick smooth
with numerous erect bristles at the nodes, leaves 6-10 in. in whorls of 4 or 3
less often in pairs subsessile obovate-lanceolate 7-9-nerved one pair of nerves
starting 1-4 in. above the base of the leaf. Bot. Mag. t. 4321 •, Wand, in Ann.
Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 291 ; Miq. Fl Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 540 ; Triana in Tram. Linn.
Soc. xxviii. 87. Melastoma eximium, Blume Bijd. 1072, not of Jack.

Malaya ; Maingay No. 798. — Distrib. Java, Moluccas.

Panicle long, branches whorled ; bracts \ in., narrow obovate-lanceolate ; pedicels
calyx and petals rose. Anthers shortly produced at the base, spur of the connective
short. Fruit \-\ in. broad, ovoid, rim of the calyx shortly produced above the fruit.

10. BX. himalayana, Hook. f. ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii.
88 ; branches round smooth striate, leaves nearly sessile broadly elliptic, cymes
terminal and quasi-lateral trichotomous, peduncles 1-1£ in., pedicels divaricate
in fruit.

SncxiM ; alt. 3000-6000 ft. ; J. D. H. Khasia Mts. ; Surareem, alt. 5000 ft. ;
J. B. H., C. B. Clarke.

Leaves 2\ in., 3-5-nerved almost from the base, obtusely acuminate ; petiole not
| in. Flowers § in. diam., rose. Anthers 2-tubercled at the base, connective without
a spur. Berry § in. diam., spherical. — This species has been confounded in her-
baria with M. rubicunda, which is found over the same area. In M. himalayana
the terminal panicle is small and often only quasi-axillary panicles are seen : but the
peduncle is much longer than in M. rubicunda and the branches of the panicle in
fruit are divaricate, not ascending as in M. rubicunda.

11. BX. pauciflora, Hook. f. ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 88 ;
ultimate branchlets subquadrangular, leaves sessile elliptic, cymes terminal very
short few-flowered.

Sikkim at Darjeeling ; Herb. Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2283).

Leaves l£ in., 3-nerved from the base, abruptly acuminate. Flowers § in. diam.,
very shortly pedicelled. Calyx-tube campanulate, limb obscurely 4-toothed. Anthers
small, linear, with two tubercles at the base, connective without a spur. — Only one
example of this has been seen : the inflorescence is strictly terminal ; the locality is
not quite" certain and may be " East Himalaya."

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN AND DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

M. Maingayi, C. B. Clarke, glabrous, branches round smooth, leaves 1-1 £ in.
opposite sessile cuneate-obovate obtuse 3-nerved, flowers 4-fid, petals \ in., anthers
oblong narrowed upwards opening by a terminal pore with two tubercles at batee and
no distinct spur on the connective, seeds oblong elliptic smooth larger than in the
other species of Medinilla. — Malacca ; Maingay No. 807, 806.

There is nothing to show the nature of the inflorescence or the shape of the berry.

M. Griffithii, C. B. Clarke; glabrous, branches round remotely verrucose,
leaves 5-7 in. elliptic acuminate at both ends 3-nerved, petiole £-f in., inflorescence
in weak axillary cymes, fruit small, seeds of the genus. — Mishmee ; Griffith (Kew
Distrib. No. 2281).

This differs by its large long-petioled leaves from all the other species.

M. merguiensis, C. B. Clarke; glabrous, branches round smooth, leaves 2-3|
in. obovate-elliptic obtuse 3-nerved, petiole £-* in., cyme compound, anthers ob-
long narrowed upwards with a terminal pore, a iong spur to the connective near the
base but the tubercles at the apex of the filament very obscure.— Mergui ; Griffith
(in Herb. Wight).

Only a detached fragment of the panicle is preserved. This may be a Pachy-
centria.

550 LX. melastomacej:. (C. B. Clarke.) [Medinilla.

17. POGON ANTHER A, Blume.

Shrubs, nearly glabrous ; branches round, minutely scaly. Leaves opposite,
petioled, oblong or ovate, entire, glabrous, 3-nerved. Flowers small, pulveru-
lent, in small terminal panicles having opposite branches. Calyx-tube cainpanu-
late, subquadrangular ; limb 4-toothed. Petals 4, lanceolate. Stamens 8,
equal ; anthers oblong, acute, opening by a terminal pore, not produced at the
base ; connective at the base bearded behind with a tuft of hairs, not spurred.
Ovary half-inferior, 4-celled, with a tuft of hairs at the apex ; style filiform ;
ovules very many, placentas axile. Berry small, globose, 4-celled, crowned with
the calyx-limb. Seeds very many, obovoid-oblong, smooth. — Distrib. Species
2 ; in Malaya from Malacca to Borneo.

1. P. pulverulenta, Blume in Flora, 1831, 521; Korth, Verh. Nat.
Gesch. Bot. t. 65 ; Griff. Notul. iv. 678 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 553 ; Triana
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 89. Melastoma reflexa, Blume I. c. ; Naud. in Ann.
Se. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 303 ; Triana I.e. M. pulverulentum, Jack in Trans. Linn.
Soc. xiv. p. 19 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 149 ; Blume Bijd. 1072. M. rubicundum, Jack
1. c. 18; DC. I.e. 148 ; Wall. Cat. 4086.

Maxacca and Singapore ; Wallich, Griffith, Maingay. — Distbib. Through Malaya
to Borneo.

Leaves 3-4£ by l-2£ in., narrowed to both ends, 3-nerved with sometimes other two
faint nerves close to the margin ; petiole \-^ in., with two tubercles or auricles at its
apex. Panicle 2-3 in. and as much broad, short-peduncled, with minute bracts at the
divisions. Berry about. | in. broad, narrowed beneath the small calyx -limb. — Blume
distinguishes as P. reflexa, a form with white transparent petals having a minute
tooth on each margin, and which occurs creeping on rocks near the seashore as
noted by Jack and Griffith, from the typical P. jmlverulenta which occurs in the
forests, and which has red petals powdered with yellow and a tooth on each side.
The distinction between the limb of the petal being toothed or only tumid cannot be
traced in the dried specimens : and Blume's subsidiary distinctions regarding the
texture of the leaves and the presence or absence of the extra pair of submarginal
veins do not hold. Jack named the white-flowered form rubicundum because the
panicle and calyces are in it a fine rose-purple.

18. ASTRONIA, Blume.

Shrubs with round branches. Leaves opposite, petioled, ovate or oblong,
entire, 3-nerved. Flowers in terminal panicles, small, white or purple. Calyx-
tube campanulate, glabrous or puberulous ; limb irregularly truncate or 3-8-lobed.
Petals 4-5. Stamens 8-10-12, equal ; filaments short, broad ; anthers short,
obtuse, opening by slits down the front, connective spurred at the base or unap-
pendaged. Ovary inferior, 2-5-celled, glabrous at the apex ; style short, stigma
capitellate ; ovules numerous, placentas axile, nearly basal. Capsule finally break-
ing up irregularly. Seeds very many, linear, raphe excurrent. — Distrib. Species
12 ; in Malaya, the Fiji and Navigator groups and Tahiti.

1. A. smilacifolia, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 152 ; glabrous,
panicle and calyx-tube minutely brown-rufous tomentose, calyx-limb minutely
5-lobed. Melastoma smilacifolia, Wall. Cat. 4057.

Pinang ; Wallich. Malaya ; Maingay No. 808.

Astronia.] lx. MELASTOMACEiE. (C. B. Clarke.) 551

Leaves 4-5 in., lanceolate and broad-lanceolate, narrowed to both ends ; petiole
i-l£ in. Panicle 1-3 in., ultimate pedicels 0-| in. Petals less than | in., obovate.
Capsule £-j in. broad, ovoid or hemispheric.

19. PTERNANDEA, Jack.

Glabrous shrubs with round branches. Leaves opposite, sessile or short-pe-
tioled, ovate or lanceolate, entire, coriaceous, 3-nerved. Flowers small, in axil-
lary (and terminal) small cymes or panicles. Calyx-tube verrucose, campanulate ;
limb truncate, obscurely 4-toothed. Petals 4, blueish or white. Stamens 8,
equal ; filaments short, subulate ; anthers broad-oblong, obtuse at both ends,
opening by slits, connective simple at the base or very shortly spurred behind.
Ovary inferior, 4-celled, apex flat glabrous ; style long, stigma clavate ; ovules
very many, placentas sub-basal. Berry ovoid, truncate. Seeds very many,
cuneate-obovoid, raphe excurrent on one side towards the end, somewhat an-
gular.— Distrib. Species 6 (or perhaps 2 only), from Pinang and Malacca
through Malaya to the Philippines.

1. P. caerulescens, Jack in Mai. Misc. ii. 61 ; leaves 2£-4£ in. ovate
or lanceolate, stamens blue. Wall. Cat. 4077 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii. 153 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 509 and in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 79.
Ewyckia cyanea, Blume Humph, i. 24, t. 8; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 568 ;
Triana I. c. E. Jackiana, Walp. Rep. v. 724. E. paniculata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
Suppl. 321 ex Kurz. Apteuxis trinervis, Griff. Notul. iv. 672. — Nov. Gen.
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 225.

Pinang and Malacca ; Wallich. Mebgtti ; Griffith. Tenassebim ; Heifer. Ni-
cobabs ; Kurz. Malacca ; Cuming, Griffith. — Disteib. Through Malaya to the
Philippines.

Leaves narrowed at the base; petiole 0-£ in. Panicles 1-3 in., terminal and in
the upper axils, very short-peduncled, often crowded with many flowers, ultimate pe-
dicels very short, bracts minute. Berry \ in. broad, narrower at the mouth.

Vab. Jackiana ; petioles attaining \ in., cymes axillary few-flowered. — Malacca ;
Griffith; Maingay No. 801.

2. P. capitellata, Jack in Mai. Misc. ii. Addenda prefixed to the paper
p. 3 ; leaves 6-8 in. ovate or broad-elliptic, cymes hardly 1 in. axillary few-
flowered dense. Wall. Cat. 4079 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 325 ; Triana in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xxviii. 153 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 509 and in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii.
79. Ewyckia capitellata, Walp. Rep. v. 724 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 568.
E. medinilliformis, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xviii. 261.

Pinang ; Jack, Wallich. Tenasseeim ; Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2279). Ma-
lacca ; Maingay No. 802. Singapobe ; Wallich.

Leaves widest near the base ; petiole less than \ in. — Doubtfully distinct from
P.4 caerulescens : the leaves are usually much larger while the cymes are smaller.

3. P. paniculata, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4080 ; leaves short-petioled nor-
mally elliptic or lanceolate, ends of the branches dividing into bundles of small-
leaved branchlets on which are the scattered flowers. P. latifolia, Triana in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 153. Ewyckia latifolia, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 6.

Pinang; Porter. Malacca; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2273). — Disteib.
Sarawak.

The normal leaves are about 5 by 2 in., the abnormal leaves on the " panicles " are
very narrow lanceolate, often 1 by ^-^ in. — This is probably only a proliferous state of
P. ccerulescens as Korthals and Miquel treat it.

552 lx. MELASTOMACEiE. (C. B, Clarke.) [Pternandra.

20. K.IBESSIA, DC.

Large shrubs, glabrous or minutely pubescent. Leaves opposite, short-peti-
oled, ovate or oblong, entire, coriaceous, 3-nerved. Flowers axillary, long-pedun-
cled, solitary or clustered, large (except in K.tuberculata); peduncles 1-3-flowered,
pedicels 2-bracteolate in the middle. Calyx-tube campanulate or hemispheric,
covered with elongated scales or simple tubercles ; limb 4-lobed and persis-
tent or calyptriform and deciduous. Petals 4, ovate or oblong. Stamens 8,
equal, filaments short, subulate ; anthers short, very thick, opening by slits,
connective at the base naked or shortly spurred. Ovary inferior, 4-celled, apex
glabrous depressed ; style filiform, stigma clavate ; ovules very many, placentas
sub-basal. Berry subglobose, covered with scales or tubercles, or in K. tuber-
culata ultimately nearly smooth. Seeds cuneate-obovoid, angular. — Distkib.
Species 14 ; confined to Malaya, from Pinang to Borneo.

1. XL. simplex, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bat. 253 ; leaves narrowed at
the base, calyx-tube with oblong-linear scales those towards the top of the tube
about \ in. persistent in the fruit, calyx-limb calyptriform, fruit ^ in. broad.
Blume Mus. Bat. i. 9 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 152. K. cupularis,
Dene, in Deless. Ic. Sel. v. t. 5 and in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. v. 317. Pternandra
echinata, Jack in Mai. Misc. ii. Addenda prefixed to the paper 3 ; Wall. Cat.
4078, for the most part.

Pinang and Malacca ; Wallich, Griffith, &c. Singapore ; T. Anderson. — Dis-
tkib. Borneo, Philippines.

Young branches obscurely quadrangular, rusty puberulous. Leaves 2-3 in., oblong
or elliptic, acuminate, when young pubescent beneath, when mature glabrescent or
with rusty pubescence on the nerves; petiole |-£ in. Peduncles 1- (less often 3-)
flowered ; bracts nearly \ in., oblong, persistent. Scales of the calyx-tube minutely
rusty pubescent.

2. XL. pubescens, Dene, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. v. 318; leaves ob-
long base somewhat rounded or subcordate,' calyx-tube with triangular short
subulate scales, those towards the top of the tube scarcely | in., limb 4-lobed
persistent, fruit ^ in. broad. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 152. Pter-
nandra echinata, Wall. Cat. 4078, letter a only.

Pinang, Wallich.

Young branches obscurely quadrangular, rusty puberulous. Leaves 2-3 in., oblong
or elliptic, acuminate, when mature with minute rusty pubescence beneath, nerves with
longer pubescence ; petiole hardly £ in. Scales of the calyx-tube minutely rusty-
pubescent. Apex of the ovary in fruit concave, with 16 radiating lines. — Very near
the preceding species. #

3. XL. acuminata, Dene, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. v. 316 ; leaves nar-
rowed or rounded at the base nearly glabrous, calyx-tube with triangular
scales those towards the top of the tube linear elongate, limb calyptriform acu-
minated into a linear point. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 153.

Singapore ; Walker, Maingay No. 804.

Young branchlets and peduncles minutely rusty pubescent. Leaves 2-3 in., oblong
or elliptic, acuminate, when mature glabrous or scarcely rusty pubescent on the nerves
beneath ; petiole scarcely £ in. Bracts of the buds \ in., ovate.

Kibessia.~\ lx. melastomacej;. (C. B. Clarke.) 553

4. K.. tuberculata, Hook. f. in Gen. PI. i. 772 ; young calyx-tube
covered with sessile flat tubercles, limb 4-toothed, fruit ovoid nearly glabrous
finally. Rectomitra tuberculata, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 7 ; Triana in Trans. Linn.
Soc. xxviii. 153. Ewyckia tuberculata, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 255 ;
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 569.

Malacca ; Maingay No. 805. — Distrib. Sumatra.

Branchlets round, glabrous. Leaves 2-3 in., ovate or elliptic, shortly acumi-
nate, glabrous ; petiole £~J in. Peduncles glabrous, clustered, 3-5-flowered ; bracts
less than £ in. Fruit ^-\ in. diam.

21. ZMCEBXECVIiON, Linn.

Shrubs or trees, glabrous. Leaves opposite, short-petioled or sessile, coriaceous,
orbicular ovate or lanceolate, entire, pinnate-nerved rarely 3-nerved. Flowers
usually in small axillary rarely terminal simple or panicled cymes or umbels.
Calyx-tube campanulate, glabrous ; limb dilated, truncate or shortly 4-lobed.
Petals 4, blue or white, rarely reddish. Stamens 8, equal, filaments long ;
anthers short, opening by slits in front, connective ending in a horn behind.
Ovary inferior, 1-celled ; apex glabrous surmounted by a convex or depressed
disc with 8 radiating grooves ; style filiform, simple ; ovules 6-12 (in M.
Maingayi 20 at least), whorled on a free central placenta. Berry globose or
ellipsoid, crowned with the calyx-margin, 1-seeded. Seed large, cotyledons
convolute. — Distkib. Species about 100 (but very difficult and many doubtful
of determination) numerous in South-East Asia and its islands ; a few extending
into Polynesia and Australia, several in tropical Africa.

The following is merely an artificial key to the material at Kew : the species
which appear tolerably distinct from M. edule are taken first ; and the last group
contains the enormous mass of specimens that appear difficult to separate from M.
edule.

I. Leaves 3-nerved from the base.

1. UK. Arnottianum, Thwaites Enum. 113; leaves long caudate-
acuminate, apex obtuse, peduncle 1 in. very slender. Triana in Trans. Linn.
Soc. xxviii. 159. Eugenia ? capitellata, Am. Pugill. 17.

Ceylon ; " at no great elevation," Thwaites, Walker.

Shrub 10-1 2 ft. ; branchlets slender, round. Leaves 2-2£ in., somewhat distichous,
elliptic, suddenly acuminated, base roundish, punctate on both surfaces ; petiole
scarcely ^ in. Peduncles solitary ; flowers few, very small, sessile at their apex ;
petals white {Thwaites). Berry scarcely \ in. diam., globose, areola A in. wide. — A
variety communicated by Mr. Thwaites has the leaves much larger, 4^ in., the acumi-
nated apex much shorter.

2. UK. Gardner!, Thwaites Enum. 113 ; leaves acute scarcely acumi-
nate, inflorescence clustered, peduncle 0-£ in. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii. 159.

Ceylon ; alt. 2000-5000 ft. ; Thwaites.

A small tree ; ultimate branchlets quadrangular. Leaves broad-elliptic, narrowed
at the base, opaque, pellucid-punctate ; petiole £ in. Flowers white {Thwaites), very
small ; buds very acute. Calyx-tube at the time of flowering funnel-shaped, dis-
tinctly 4-toothed. Berry size of a pea, spherical, purple-black.

II. Leaves pinnate-nerved, often very opaque, midrib always conspicuous,
nerves conspicuous or obscure.

554 lx. MELAST0MACE2E. (C. B. Clarke.) [Memecylon.

* Ultimate hrancldets quadrangular (see also No. 21, 22, 24, 37, 40).
t Leaves usually more than 4 in. (nerves often distinct).

3. UK. Wig-htii, Thwaites Enum. 113; leaves 3-4^ in. subsessile elliptic-
lanceolate base cordate, peduncle 0, pedicels clustered ^-\ in., calyx-tube at
the time of flowering subcanipanulate.

"Western Peninsula ; Canara ; Ritchie. Ceylon, alt. 3000-4000 ft., Thwaites.

A tree 25 ft. ; ultimate branchlets stout, acutely quadrangular. Secondary nerves
conspicuous, marginal looped nerve obscure. Buds obtuse, calyx-limb 4-dentate.
Petals blue. Berry \~ in. diam., globose. — United by Triana with M. amplexicaule
No. 24, which has round stems, much larger flowers, and the calyx-tube at the time
of flowering saucer-shaped.

4. VtL. Kookeri, Thwaites Enum. 113 ; leaves 6-9 in. sessile oblong-lan-
ceolate base cordate, peduncle 0, pedicels \ in. clustered, calyx-tube at the time
of flowering saucer-shaped. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158.

Ceylon ; alt. 1000 ft. ; Thwaites.

An erect shrub 8-12 ft., sparingly branched ; ultimate branchlets stout, acutely
quadrangular. Leave's very conspicuously nerved, secondary nerves running into a
conspicuous marginal nerve. Buds obtuse, but apiculate ; calyx-limb obscurely 4-
lobed. Petals blue. Berry § in. diam., spherical, finally black -purple. — Thwaites
has sent (under No. 2686*) examples marked " M. Hookeri, variety with exalate
branchlets, sessile flowers." These examples have perfectly round branchlets and
seem in all respects identical with No. 25 M. macrophyllum, Thwaites.

5. IME. Griffithianum, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xviii. 274 : leaves
5-7 by 1-1£ in. nearly sessile linear-lanceolate rounded or somewhat acute at
the base, peduncle 0, pedicels £-f in. clustered. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii. 158, not of Kurz, in For. Fl. i. 515. M. cseruleum, var. 3 Grinithianuin,
Kurz, For. Fl. i. 511.

Mergui ; Griffith (No. 2323 Kew Distrib.).

Ultimate branchlets 4-winged. Leaves somewhat opaque, secondary nerves visible,
marginal quite obscure; petiole 0-£ in. Flowers rather large, pale blue (Griffith);
buds obtuse. Calyx-tube at the time of flowering funnel-shaped, limb nearly trun-
cate. Disc depressed, conspicuously rayed. — M. Horsfieldii, Miquel, said by Kurz
{Joum. As. Soc. 1876, pt. ii. 54) to be a synonym of M. Griffithianum, widely
differs ; of M. Campongum, Miquel, also given as a synonym by Kurz, no authentic
specimen exists at Kew. In Joum. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 82, and For. Fl. i. 515,
Kurz quotes for M. Griffithianum Heifer's No. 2331, from which it is clear that he
refers to No. 20 M. grande, Eetz, var. merguica.

6. m. eleg-ans, Kurz in Joum. As. Soc. 1872, pt. . ii. 307, For. Fl. i.
514 ; leaves 3-4 in. elliptic obtuse narrowed at the base, petiole ^-f in., pedun-
cles £ in. 3 or 4 together carrying mostly simple umbels, pedicels § in.

) South Andaman Island ; Kurz.

A shrub ; ultimate branchlets distinctly quadrangular. Leaves with the secondary
nerves visible, marginal quite obscure. Peduncles quadrangular. Flowers blue
(Kurz). Calyx-tube somewhat large, at the time of flowering saucer-shaped ; disc on
the apex of the ovary depressed, prominently rayed.

Var. dichotoma ; leaves 3-4 in. subsessile ovate-elliptic acute or shortly acumi-
nate, cymes very short, peduncle 0-£ in., pedicels ^-| in. Malacca, Griffith (No. 2324
Kew Distrib.) ; Mount Ophir, Maingay No. 818, 820. Branchlets somewhat flat-
tened, repeatedly forked, ultimate quadrangular, at least under the nodes. Leaves at
the base rounded or acute but not at all acuminate, secondary nerves conspicuous,

Memecylon.'] lx. melastomace,e. (C. B. Clarke.) 555

marginal obscure ; petiole sometimes manifest, attaining T\ in. Flowers blue, some-
what large, buds obtuse. Calyx-tube truncate even in the bud. Disc depressed
distinctly rayed. Berry ± in. diam., spherical, areola very small, about -X- in!
wide.

ff Leaves rarely attaining 4 in., usually opaque, nerves obscure.

7. M. amabile, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 163 ; leaves l£-2£ in. nearly
sessile oblong-lanceolate opaque, base cordate, peduncles £-f in. 1-3 together
axillary and terminal, pedicels \ in.

South Canaba G-hats, up to 2000 ft. ; Beddome.

Cymes small, simple on each peduncle or compound but close. Calyx-tube funnel-
shaped at the time of flowering, limb truncate ; buds obtuse. Petals blue. Disc
plane (Beddome). — Very probably a form of M. terminate No. 22 with quadrangular
branchlets ; but the peduncles are rather shorter, and the flowers smaller.

Vab. malaccensis ; leaves l£-2| in. oblong acuminate base rounded very opaque
coriaceous, peduncles | in. clustered axillary and terminal, cymes simple, pedicels less
than I in. — Malacca, Maingay No. 819. — Branchlets quadrangular, 4-winged below
the nodes. Petiole ^ in. Buds acute, not large. Calyx-tube saucer-shaped at the
time of flowering ; limb in the bud nearly truncate. Disc depressed, obscurely rayed.
— This is perhaps really allied to M. pauciflorum No. 10, but the leaves differ
materially in their rounded base and acuminate apex.

8. EI. eleg-antulum, Thwaites Enum. 112 ; leaves 3 in. narrow-lanceo-
late long acuminate apex obtuse, panicles filiform somewhat elongate few-
flowered, pedicels subsolitary one half longer than the calyx. Triana in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xxviii. 159.

Ceylon ; Saffragam district at no great elevation ; Thwaites.
Leaves acute at the base, nerves obscure ; petiole ^ in. Flowers white. Berry
spherical, the size of a pea.

9. Tit. gracile, Bedd. Lc. PI. Lnd. Or. t. 164 ; leaves 1-1£ in. elliptic-
lanceolate acuminate apex obtuse, peduncles solitary ^ in. 8-flowered, pedicels

.fin.

Travancore and Tinnevelly Ghats ; Col. Beddome.

A small tree or large shrub ; branchlets slender, distinctly quadrangular. Leaves
opaque, nerves very obscure ; petiole i-i in. Petals pale blue. Disc distinctly
rayed. — Beddome describes the pedicels as 2-3 in. long, probably a misprint for 2-3
lines.

10. JUL. pauciflorum, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 356 ; leaves £-l£ in. subsessile
rhomboid oblong or elliptic obtuse or acute but not acuminate opaque acute at
the base, peduncles scarcely any, pedicels less than \ in. Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i.
pt. i. 578 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 514. M.
australe, F. Muell. ex Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviiL 159. M. umbellatum,
Benth. Fl. Austral, iii. 293, not of others.

Chittagong ; H. f. $ T. Mergui ; Griffith ; Tenasserim, Heifer (Kew Distrib.
No. 2332). Andamans ; Kurz. Singapore ; Lobb— Distrib. Through Malaya to
North Australia.

A tree 20-25 ft. high. Flowers minute, whitish (Kurz). Calyx at the time of
flowering saucer-shaped. Disc distinctly rayed. Buds very acute or rostrate.
Berry | in. diam., spherical, areola scarcely ^ in. wide; pedicel £-§ in.— Miquel
(Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. p. 578) says that M. pauciflorum is hardly more than a form
of M. myrsinoides Blume ; and Blume's authentic specimens hardly differ except

556 lx. melastomacej:. (C. B. Clarke.) [Memecylon.

by the leaves being considerably larger. Triana in Kew Herb, has referred a
totally different plant to M. myrsinoides, viz. Wall. Cat. 4019 (M. wmbellatum,
Wall.), which has round stems, petioled leaves, buds not rostrate, and is M. edvle or
very near thereto.

11. IMC. ellipticum, Thwaites Enum. 112; petiole 0-^ in. but often
distinct, leaves 2£ in. broad-elliptic obtuse or shortly acuminate apex obtuse,
base round or acute not acuminated, peduncles clustered 0-£ in., pedicels at-
taining | in. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 159.

Ceylon ; between Galle and Katnapoora at no great elevation ; Thwaites, Walker,
Gardner.

A small tree. Calyx at time of flowering saucer-shaped, small. Flowers white.
Nerves of the leaves obscure, but the marginal ones visible. — Mr. Thwaites appears
to have issued his No. 1557 without name : it seems the same as 3479, and has small
globose berries about £ in. diam., the areola scarcely ^ in. wide.

12. JVI. varians, Thwaites Enum. 112 ; leaves £-l| in. oblong acute or
obovate rhomboid or elliptic obtuse always narrowed at the base, nerves very ob-
scure, petiole 0-£ in., inflorescence densely clustered hardly extending \ in. from
the stem, buds obtuse, calyx-tube at the time of flowering saucer-shaped, disc
very obscurely rayed. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 159. M. parvi-
foliurn, Thwaites Enum. 113 ; Triana I. c.

Ceylon ; alt. 2000-7000 ft., Thwaites.

A small tree. Petals white or blue. Berry \-\ in. diam., spherical, shortly pedi-
celled, areola ^ in. diam., prominent. — Thwaites says that his M. jparvifolium is
possibly a variety of his M. varians but that the leaves are cuneate at the base and a
good deal smaller ; but in 2927 (marked M. varians) the leaves are smaller than in
most of his M. parvifolium and very cuneate at base. This species is very near M.
ellipticum Thwaites, but differs by its leaves not acuminated. It is also very near
M. pauciflorum (No. 10) which differs in its rostrate buds and strongly radiate disc.
Lastly the branchlets are sometimes nearly round and then 'it has been named M.
capitellatum or M. edule.

** Ultimate branchlets round.

t Berry large, % in. diam. or more.

13. INC. procerum, Thwaites Enum. 415 ; leaves 6-10 in. elliptic acumi-
nate subacute at the base, petiole §-£ in., berry §-£ in. diam. subsessile areola
prominent f in. wide. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158.

Ceylon ; Pasdoon and Hinidoon Corle, Thwaites.

A tree 30-40 ft. high. Leaves thick, but both the secondary and looped marginal
nerves can be seen, much paler beneath ; petiole grooved on the upper surface. Calyx
£ in. broad (in flower ?).

14. IMC. ovoideum, Thwaites Enum. 112 ; leaves 3 in. round-elliptic
base cordate sessile or exceedingly shortly suddenly narrowed into a minute
petiole, peduncle 0, pedicels very short clustered. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii. 159. M. macrocarpum, Thwaites Enum. 110.

Ceylon ; alt. 4000-5000 ft,, near Adam's Peak; Tliwaites.

A small tree \ branchlets thick. Leaves very thick, coriaceous, nerves obscure.
Berry £ in. diam., areola raised on a cylindric neck, disc within the mouth elevated
and strongly rayed in the ripe fruit. — Thwaites ovoideum No. 2622, among other
things differ ^n the mouth of the fruit which is depressed not radiate and is to be
referred to M. revolutum No. 27.

Memec7jlon.~\ lx. melastomaceji. (C. B. Clarke.) 557

15. BX. heteropleurum, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 362 ; leaves 4-6 in. nearly
sessile narrowly elliptic acuminate nerves distinct, inflorescence close axillary,
buds obtuse, flowers large. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat, i. pt. i. 579 ; Triana in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xxviii. 157.

Burma and Malay Peninsula ; Griffith (No. 2337 Kew Distrib.). Malacca;
Maingay No. 816. Singapore; Maingay No. 815. — Distrib. Sumatra and Java.

Leaves acute, but not at all acuminate at the base ; both the secondary and marginal
nerves prominent. Calyx-tube saucer-shaped at the time of flowering, limb truncate
even in the bud. Disc flat, prominently rayed, Berry \ in. diam. or more, areola
\ in. wide, somewhat prominent, disc much depressed.

16. BX. cerasiforme, Kurz, For. Fl. i. 516; leaves 3-4 in. elliptic
acuminate at both ends coriaceous, berries in short cymes £ in. diam. very
succulent.

Chittagong ; Kurz.

Leaves dried olive-yellow, lateral nerves obscure ; petiole | in. Flowers not seen.
Peduncles (of the fruits) £ in., pedicels \ in. Berries blue-black unusually succulent.

17. XIX. BXaing-ayi, C. B. Clarke ; leaves 8 in. subsessile oblong-lanceo-
late rounded or subcordate at the base secondary and marginal nerves promi-
nent, cymes clustered axillary, peduncles and pedicels about £ in. stout, flowers
very large, buds obtuse, calyx-tube at the time of flowering campanulate limb
truncate disc somewhat convex very prominently rayed.

Malacca; Maingay No, 814.

The finest species of the genus, the flowers being far larger than in any other spe-
cies, the calyx-tube in bud nearly £ in. wide. Maingay's example does not show fruit,
but from the size of the flower it may be presumed that it would be large.

18. BX. microstomum, C. B. Clarke ; leaves 5 in. sessile ovate or ob-
long subobtuse cordate at the base opaque, flowers small densely clustered axil-
lary, berry nearly £ in. diam., calyx-limb 0, areola scarcely ~ in. dia^n..

Malacca ; Keddah Peak, Maingay No. 821. ? Malay Peninsula, Col. Low.

A small tree (Maingay). Leaves thick, subamplexicaul, marginal nerves obscure,
secondary visible. Pedicels less than \ in., slender. Buds obtuse ; calyx-tube
funnel-shaped at^he time of flowering, rays of the disc very obscure.

ft Berry less than ^ in. diam. Inflorescence 2 in. or more, except in M.
merguicum and M. grande.

19. BX. Amherstianum, C. B. Clarke, leaves 2-3 in. oblong acute
very thick nerveless, petiole £ in., panicle large terminal. Wall. Cat. 9127.

Amherst ; Wallich.

Flowers in close umbels at the summits of the ultimate branches of the panicle. —
Differs from M. paniculatum, Jack, in the much smaller and thicker leaves.

20. BX. grande, Retz Obs. iv. 26 ; leaves 3-5 in. elliptic or somewhat
ovate acuminate narrowed but not at all acuminate at the base, petiole § in.,
peduncles £-1 in. solitary or 2-3 together thick, berry nearlyfcf*in. wide areol^
^ in. wide. Wall. Cat. 4103 ; Triana in Trans. Linn, <Wi9 »£¥&. 158. M,
laxiflorum, Wall. Cat. 4472. M. edule var. 0, Thwaite^^m'irllO. M> am-
biguum, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 359 ; Triana I.e. WL

Ceylon ; Thwaites, No. 3442. Singapore; Wallich.— Distrib. Java. FtooS

/

558 lx. melastomacejs. (C. B, Clarke.) [Memecylon.

Nerves of the leaves subprominent, marginal more obscure, apex obtuse often out
of one plane so that in drying it is either broken off or crumpled and turned on one
side. Branches of the cyme glabrous. Buds obtuse, not large. Calyx-tube at the
time of flowering saucer-shaped, limb truncate. Disc scarcely depressed, rays pro-
minent.— As regards the name of this species, that of Retz is cited by Triana, and
his description **uits the species, but will also suit several others. As regards the
plant itself, the flowers and fruit are identical with M. edule var. ovatum; but the
leaves are rather larger and the inflorescence rather more effuse. Thwaites is very
likely right in regarding it as a variety of M. edule.

Var. 1. Horsfieldii, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 572 (sp.) ; nerves less prominent, in-
florescence shorter, buds acute. M. celastrinum, Kurz For. Fl. i. 515. — Pegu, Kurz.
Malacca; Maingay No. 811.

Var. 2. pubescens ; leaves 3-4^ in. glabrous elliptic suddenly acuminate, cymes
proliferously umbellate, branches distinctly rusty-pubescent. — Malacca; Griffith
(Kew Distrib. No. 2336). Branchlets round. Leaves acute, hardly acuminate at
the base, secondary and marginal nerves somewhat prominent ; petiole ^ in. In-
florescence in young flower 2 in. Calyx (in flower time) very small, shallow, saucer-
shaped. Vise rayed. Fruit not seen. — This variety is marked by Triana, M. am-
biguum Bl. ?.

Var. 3. khasiana ; leaves 3-4 in. elliptic acuminate at both ends, apex acute,
petiole | in., fruit in a lax panicle extending 2-3 in., berry \ in. wide areola some-
what prominent ^ in. wide. — Khasia Mts. ; Griffith (No. 2333 Kew Distrib.).
Leaves dried yellow, not very thick but rather opaque, nerves evident, marginal
obscure. Peduncle in fruit 1-1$ in., pedicels often £ in. The remains of the disc
in the mouth of the fruit show that it was in flower prominently rayed. — Very near
var. Horsfieldii but has the leaves more acuminate at both ends.

Var. 4. merguica; leaves 4-6 in. elliptic and broad-elliptic obtuse narrowed
gradually to the base subepetiolate, nerves somewhat distinct, peduncles solitary or
clustered £-f in., cymes compound. M. G-riffithianum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
1877, pt. ii. 82, not of Naud. — Mergui ; Griffith. Tenasserim or Andamans; Heifer
(No. 2331 Kew Distrib.). Leaves (in all the examples) with scattered glands on
the lower surface. Calyx-tube at the time of flowering saucer-shaped or almost
funnel-shaped, limb subtruncate. Buds medium-sized; obtuse ; disc on the apex of
the ovary rayed prominently. Fruit \ in. diam., areola j% in. wide.

21. XIX. costatum, Miq. in Blume Mus. Bot. i. 360; leaves 5-8 in.
subsessile oblong-lanceolate cordate at the base secondary nerves strongly im-
pressed, thyrsiform, Miquel, peduncles and pedicels exceedingly thick. Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 573; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii.»157. M. grande,
Blume Bijd. 1095 ; Wall. Cat. 4101.

Malacca; Maingay No. 813. — Distrib. Java, Sumatra, Borneo.

A small tree ; branchlets round but with four short acute wings at the base of
the leaves. Calyx-tube at the time of flowering campanulate, limb truncate. Disc
depressed, rays prominent. Berry \ in., ellipsoid, longer than broad ; areola promi-
nent, more than — in. wide. — A species well marked by the prominent short wings
on the branchlets at the base of the very short petiole.

ttt Berry less than % in. diam. Inflorescence less than 2 in. Leaves cor-
date at the base, sessile or very shortly petioled.

N 22. UK. fcMgainale, Bah. in Hook. Kew Journ. iii. 121 ; leaves l£-2£ in.
la-nceo] opaque, peduncles |— 1£ in. slender 1-3 from the same axil ax-

illary and tetmigj^^^icels umbelled. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158 ;
Dalz. £ Gibs. Bomb. FL 93.

Southern Gnats of the Deccan Peninsula ; Canara ; Gibson, Dalzell.

\

Memecylon.'] lx. melastomacejj. (C. B. Clarke.) 559

A shrub 2-3 ft. (Dalzell). Calyx-tube at the time of flowering saucer-shaped,
limb truncate. Buds not large nor acute. Disc depressed, rays obscure. Berry
i in. wide, ovoid, subglobose (broader than long), areola £ in. wide. — This species
has the branchlets with 4 lines and sometimes almost quadrangular: it is probably
not distinct from M. amabile No. 7.

23. IKE. ceeruleum, Jack in Mai. Misc. i. 26 (not of GuiU. fy Perr.) ;
leaves 4-6 in. ovate or oblong acute not acuminate, berry ^ in. ellipsoid much
longer than broad areola prominent £ in. broad. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
580; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158; Kurz For. Fl. i. 511. M. cor-
datum, Wall. Cat. 4100, partly ; Griff. Notul. iv. 673. M. manillanum, Naud.
in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xviii. 276 ; Miq. I. c. 576. M. lutescens, Presl Epim.
Bot. 208, not of Naud.

Southern Malay Peninsula with its islands, plentiful. — Distbib. Philip-
pines.

Shrub 10 or 12 ft. Leaves opaque, sessile, rounded at the base, secondary and
marginal nerves inconspicuous. Peduncles clustered, thick ; inflorescence 1-1 \ in.
Calyx-tube at the time of flowering funnel-shaped ; buds obtuse. Flowers somewhat
large, intense blue. Disc much depressed, rays obscure. — Widely cultivated in Ben-
gal, &c, for the sake cf its bright blue flowers. The branchlets are round as Jack
states and not quadrangular as Presl states : but there is no doubt as to Presl's
plant as he describes from Cumming's No. 2322 which is M. ceertdewn. Of Kurz's
M. caruleum, var. 2. floribundum, I know nothing.

Vab. pulchrum, Kurz For. Fl. i. 510 (sp.); peduncles and pedicels more slender.
— Andamans, Kurz. Kurz's specimens have the inflorescence hardly more slender
than in M. cteruleum. Kurz appears to have abandoned the distinction he founded
on the less ellipsoid berry.

24. BX. amplexicaule, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 260 ; leaves 2-6 in. elliptic or
oblong amplexicaul, peduncle 0, pedicels less than \ in. slender clustered,
berry £ in. globose or subovoid, areola £ in. broad somewhat prominent. Wight
Ic. t. 279 ; W.$ A. Prodr. 320 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xviii. 277 ; Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 580. M. depressum, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4101 ; Triana
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158. M. sessile, Wall. Cat. 4112. M. cordatum,

Wall. Cat. 4100 partly.

Pinang Roxburgh, Wallich.

Leaves sometimes acuminated, secondary nerves prominent. Buds small, obtv
Flowers pale yellowish-blue. Disc depressed, rays obscure. Berry not longer
broad. — This (and not M. cmruleum, as Triana says) is certainly Koxburff'
amplexicaule, for, besides other reasons, Koxburgh's figure, preserved at Y
yellow flowers.

Vab. 1. malabarica; leaves often not exceeding 2-3 in., sometime distinctly
petioled, never acuminate, secondary nerves obscure. — Nilffhiris, Mts.
plentiful. Not from Ceylon, for Thwaites, No. 2570 cited^by Trianr
No. 3.

Vab. 2. cordata, Wight mss. ; branchlets distinctly quadranr .'.ilur.— :ii= seems
not remote from No. 7 amabile.

25. BX. macrophyllum, Thwaites Enum. Ill ; ^ in. oblong-^
lanceolate, peduncles 0, pedicels short, berry £ in. dir . sphfiical. Triana in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158.

Ceylon; ait. 1000-3000 ft., Thwaites.

Leaves with the nerves little impressed but ":t>th ihe econdary and marginal

560 lx. melastomace.*:. (C. B. Clarke.) [Memecylon.

are visible. Petals pale blue (Thwaites). — Neither Mr. Thwaites' examples nor his
description show this species to differ from M. amplexicaule except by the leaves
being larger (see No. 4. M. Hookeri).

26. XIX. orbiculare, Thwaites Enum. 112 ; leaves 1£ in. diam. orbicular
very thick and opaque, pedicels less than \ in. clustered. Triana in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158.

Ceylon; alt. 1000 ft., Hinidoon Corle; Thwaites.

A small tree. Buds small, obtuse. Calyx-tube at the time of flowering saucer-
shaped. Petals blue. Disc obscurely rayed.

27. TIL. revolutum, Thwaites Enum. Ill ; leaves 3 in. round-elliptic
coriaceous nerves impressed, peduncles clustered rather stout in fruit f in.,
berry \ in. diam. spherical mouth less than £ in. wide. Triana in Tram. Linn.
Soc. xxviii. 359.

Ceylon ; alt. 5000 ft., Eambodde ; Thwaites.

A small tree. Flowers small, white. Berry black -purple. Whole inflorescence
not exceeding 1 in. in the fruiting example communicated by Mr. Thwaites, but Mr.
Thwaites' picture shows it 2 in. very dense and compound in flower.

28. TIL. deccanense, C. B. Clarke) leaves 4-5 in. narrowly oblong-
lanceolate, peduncle 0, pedicels clustered less than \ in., flowers small. M.
Heyneanum, Wight Ic. t. 278 ?. M. Wightianum, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii. 158 (not M. Wightii, Thwaites).

Deccan Peninsula ; Wight.

Branches with 4 lines, ultimate branches terete. Leaves rounded and almost

cordate at the base, opaque, thin, secondary nerves not prominent; petiole £ in. —

r }parated by Triana from M. Heyneanum from which it considerably differs. As to

Vight Ic. t. 278 it exhibits exactly the leaves of the present species, but the in-

w&orescence appears rather to belong to the next.

tttt Berry less than ^ in. diam. Inflorescence less than 2 in. Leaves
4-6 in., long-petigled, narrow-lanceolate, acurninate at the base.

29. TIL. Heyneanum, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4102 ; leaves 4r-7 in. lanceo-
late elongate nerves impressed narrowed into the petiole \ in., inflorescence
less than 1 in., peduncles usually short, buds large acute. W. fy A. Prodr. 319 ;
Triana \, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158. M. jambosoides, Wight Ic. t. 277 ;
Thw-''- ^num. 112 ; Miq. Fl. Lnd: Bat. i. pt. i. 580.

°eninstjla; Courtallum &c. Wight. Ceylon; up to 3000 ft.,

the time of flowering broadly funnel-shaped, limb truncate. Disc
Berries less than £ in. diam., spherical, nearly sessile.— The typical
ith. is a well marked and easily recognised plant: but the two
Waites could never have been referred to it in the herbarium,
berry is as much as | in. diam. in the Ceylon plants, but his
Dot show fruit.

ves broader a fresh green colour narrowed almost to the
ly any true petiole, nerves visible but slender and hardly
- No. 2468.
leaves linear-lanceolate when dry orange yellow thick and
1555. '

Memecylon.'] lx. melastomacejE. (C. B. Clarke.) 561

ttttt Berry less than % in. diam. Inflorescence less than 2 in. Leaves
usually less than 4 in., distinctly acuminate, often rostrate, base not cordate,
petiole short. (See also M. grande above). N.B. This series only differs
from the M. edule series by the more distinct acumination of the leaves.

30. BX. leevig-atum, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 358; leaves 2-3 in. broad-
elliptic suddenly shortly acuminate at both ends, petiole |— £ in., peduncles clus-
tered 0-\ in., inflorescence not f in., buds large very acute. Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. 576 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 157 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 513.
M. Myrtilli, Blume I. c. 357 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 578. M. pachyderma, Wall.
Cat. 4104. M. Vosmaerianuni, ScMeffer in Flora 1870, 249.

Tavoy; Wallich. Tenasserim and Andamans; Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2328).
Malacca; Maingay No. 817. — Distrib. Java, Sumatra, Borneo.

Branchlets round (Blume says subquadrangular in M. Icevigatum, terete in M. Myr-
tillus; but they seem all the same and never distinctly quadrangular). Leaves some-
what thin but opaque, nerves obscure but can be seen. Peduncles occasionally terminal
as well as axillary. Calyx-tube at the time of flowering more than £ in., wide, saucer-
shaped. Disc on the apex of the ovary obscurely rayed. Berry \ in. diam., globose,
subsessile, mouth small.

Var. sylvaticum, Thwaites Enum. 110 (sp.) ; petiole somewhat shorter, leaf long
decurrent (but in Thwaites' example No. 1567 the leaves are petioled exactly as in
M. sylvaticum). — Ceylon ; alt. 2000-4000 ft. ; common, Thwaites. As Mr. Thwaites
remarks, some of his examples of M. sylvaticum, are very near M. edide ; they differ
by the more acuminate leaves and the larger, sharply acute buds. Triana in Herb,
inquires how the two differ.

31. XIX. intermedium, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 358; leaves 2-4 in. oblong-
lanceolate acuminate at each end somewhat rostrate with the apex obtuse,
petiole ^-\ in., peduncles solitary axillary \-\ in., pedicels few £-£ in., buds
somewhat large acute. M. umbellatum, Blume Bijd. 1094 ; Naud. in Ann. & -
Nat. ser. 3. xviii. 273; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 157. M. garcih
nioides j3. elongatuni, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 358. p

Tenasserim or Andamans; Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2335).— Distrib. Sumatra,
Java.

Leaves somewhat thin, nerves all slender but visible. Calyx-tube at the time of
flowering saucer-shaped. Disc on the apex of the ovary obscurely rayed. — This
species is exceedingly near M. Icevigatum ; the leaves are narrower with a longer
acumination ; the simple umbels at the summit of manifest peduncles give a slightly
different look to the inflorescence.

32. XtX. plebejum, Kurz For. Fl. i. 513 ; leaves 2£-3£ in. elliptic-lan-
ceolate acuminate acute at the base, petiole £-£ in., cymes lateral short, other-
wise like M. edule.

Pegu; Kurz.

Leaves opaque, nerves scarcely visible, marginal quite obscure.— Kurz' example
communicated exhibits neither flower nor fruit, so there must be doubt whether the
subjoined var. belongs. -

Var. silhetense : peduncles 0-£ in. clustered, inflorescence extending hardly £ in.,
calyx-tube at the time of flowering saucer-shaped or somewhat funnel-shaped small,
disc on the apex of the ovary prominently rayed. Chattuck, in the plain of Sylhet.
H.f. cf T. — Leaves exactly those of M. plebejum Kurz. Marked M. Icevigatum
Blume ? by Triana, but the inflorescence as well as the leaves must be nearer M. ple-
bejum, unless all are referable to one species.

VOL. II. 0 0

562 lx. MELAST0MACE2E. (C. B. Clarke.) [Memecylon.

33. JDX. acuminatum, Smith ex Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158 ;
leaves 2-2£ in. broad-elliptic acuminated at both ends apex long rostrate obtuse,
petiole £-§ in., peduncles solitary (or 2 together) \-\ in., cyme somewhat lax
compound, bud3 very acute not large.

Malacca ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2325-1).

Leaves nearly concolorous, opaque. Peduncles sometimes terminal as well as
axillary. Disc on the apex of the ovary distinctly rayed. — This can hardly be more
than a variety of M. Icevigatum; it differs by its decisively rostrate leaves and smaller
flowers. Memecylon Maingay No. 810 (from Malacca) slightly differs by having
the leaves much lighter coloured on the lower surface and shortly rostrate, the
•peduncles shorter, and is still nearer M. Icevigatvm.

*.Var. flavescens; leaves 2^-3 in. elliptic acuminate at both ends apex rostrate
ob.tuse secondary and marginal nerves distinct, petiole £-| in., inflorescence extending
£->$ in., peduncles clustered about i in., cyme-branches repeatedly shortly divide'!,
flowers very small. Malacca; Griffith No. 2325-2. — Leaves concolorous, greenish
yellow in. the dried examples. Branches of the cyme minutely scabrous almost
puberulous. Calyx-tube at the time of flowering saucer-shaped, limb truncate. Disc
on the apex of the ovary distinctly rayed. — Marked as " no v. sp." by Triana.

34. BX. fuscescens, Thivaites Enum. Ill ; leaves 2-2\ in. nearly sessile
elliptic acuminate rostrate base acute, nerves slender but visible, inflorescence
extending less than £ in. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 159.

Ceylon ; Kokool Corle, at no great elevation ; Thwaites No. 2926, 287.
Berry £ in. diam., spherical, ex Thwaites. — Mr. Thwaites in a note on No. 2926
doubts if it is really distinct from M. Icevigatum var. sylvaticum (No. 36 above).

35. IVI. rostratum, Thwaites Enum. Ill ; leaves 1^-2 in. elliptic acumi-
nate rostrate apex obtuse base attenuate opaque coriaceous; inflorescence extend-
ing less than | in. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 159.

Ceylon; Central Province, alt. 3000-4000 ft., Gardner, Thwaites.
A small tree. Petals white. Berry \ in. diam., spherical, mouth scarcely ^ in.
wke.

36. 3ME. rhinophyllum, Thwaites Enum. 110; leaves 2-3 in. subses-
sile elliptic acuminate apex obtuse base acute opaque nerves very obscure,
inflorescence extending less than f in. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii.
159.

Ceylon; Central Province up to 3000 ft.; Walker, Thwaites, No. 2928,
2572.

A small tree. Peduncles about £ in., clustered; cymes small, somewhat dense ;
buds small, notacute. Flowers pale blue. Berry % in. diam., black-purple, spherical. —
Differs from the last species by its leaves sessile not acuminate at the base. These
three Ceylon species (41, 42, 43) seem very close together, but Mr. Thwaites, who
knows them alive, keeps them separate. But they are not so near together as the
Malayan species of Blume in this same series. In this (as in so many other cases)
there are only two courses open in order to represent all the material, viz., either a
large grouping of existing species or the founding of a number of new ones on very
slender grounds. .

tttttt Berry less than £ in. diam. Lnflorescence less than 2 in. Leaves
usually less than 4 m.f not acuminate though often acute, base not cordate.

37. DX. ang'ustifolium, Wight Lc*. t. 276 ; leaves 2 in. opaque very nar-
row-oblong obtuse base .attenuate, petiole | in. Thwaites Enum. Ill; Triana
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158.

Memecylon.} lx. melastomacej:. (C. B. Clarke.) 568

Deccan Peninsula ; Wight, No. 1069. Ceylon ; up to 2000 ft. alt. ; Thwaites.

Shrub 6 8 ft. high. Inflorescence dense, extending hardly f in. ; peduncles usually
£-| in., clustered. Flowers blue, as of M. edule. Calyx-tube at the time of flower-
ing saucer-shaped, limb truncate. Disc on the apex of the ovary depressed, very ob-
scurely rayed. Berry size of a pea, black-purple. (Thwaites.)

Var. 1. attenuata; leaves still narrower elongate attenuate apex obtuse. — Ceylon,
Thwaites.

Var. 2. Helferi ; branchlets quadrangular, berries \ in. diam. — Tenasserim or An-
damans; Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2334). — This has been placed with M. angusti-
folium because of its narrow leaves, which are, however, more obtuse and less petioled
than those of M. angustifolium. If not placed here, it must form an additional
species near M. varians No. 12.

38. XIX. phyllanthifolium, TJnvaites ex Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii. 159 ; leaves £ in. nearly sessile narro*v-oblong obtuse narrowed at the
base coriaceous opaque.

Ceylon, alt. 5000 ft. ; Thwaites.

Branches wiry, leaves approximate, resembling a small woody Phyllanthus.
Flowers very small, usually 3 on an axillary peduncle about £ in. Berry small, sphe-
rical, crowned prominently by the calyx-limb, but not ripe. — Entirely unlike every
other species in the genus.

39. 1*1. campanulatum, C. B. Clarke ; leaves 2£-4 in. subepetiolate
elliptic acute base attenuated opaque, calyx-tube at the time of flowering dis-
tinctly campanulate.

Malacca; Griffith, Memecylon No. 5 (No. 2325 (not 2325-1 nor 2325-2) of Kew
Distrib.).

Leaves suddenly narrowed, sometimes very shortly acuminate. Pedicncle 0 ; pedicels
£-i in., clustered. Calyx-tube even in the bud campanulate, limb truncate. Buds
somewhat acute. Disc on the apex of the ovary depressed, very obscurely rayed. —
This has been treated as a var. of No. 23 M. caruleum, Jack; it seems >very much
\nearer M. leevigatum, from which it differs chiefly in the round (not acute) base of
the calyx-tube at the time of flowering.

40. IVT. edule, Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 82 ; leaves l|-3£ in. elliptic or ovate acute
at both ends hardly acuminate, petiole £-§ in., nerves obscure, calyx-tube at
the time of flowering saucer-shaped limb truncate.

Eastern Peninsula and Ceylon.

Flowers medium-sized, blue rarely white ; buds obtuse or at least not very acute.
Calyx-tube at the time of flowering saucer-shaped, limb truncate. Disc at the apex of
the ovary depressed, obscurely rayed. Berry ± in. diam., black-purple, globose or
slightly ovoid, mouth about ^ in. wide. — The first three varieties run completely toge-
ther which will account for the variety of quotation of the synonyms by authors : var.
4 recedes further from the type. The remaining varieties are called species by most
authors. M. myrsinoides, Blume, differs from M. edule by its quadrangular branch-
lets. Triana reduces M. umbellatum, Wall. Cat. 4109, to M. myrsinoides, Blume:
but the examples of Wallich 4109 have the branchlets exactly round.

Var. 1. typica; peduncles clustered ^— | in., leaves acute or obtuse. M. edule,
Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 260; DC. Prodr. iii. 6; Wall. Cat. 4107; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. p. 93 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 512. M. edule var. o., Thwaites Enum. 111. M. umbel-
latum, Burm. Fl. Zeyl. t. 31. M. tinctorium, Keen, ex W. $ A. Prodr. 319 ; Wight
III. t. 93. M. globiferum, Wall. Cat. 1108. M. pyrifolium, Naud. in Ann. 8c. Nat.
ser. 3. xviii. p. 277.

Var. 2. ramijlora ; inflorescence densely clothing the branches, peduncle often
(but not always) wanting. M. edule, Lamk. Diet. iv. 88 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 6 ; W. $ A.

o o 2

564 lx. melastomacej!. (C.B.Clarke.) [Memecylon.

Prodr. 319. M. sessile, Wall. Cat. 4112 ex W. $ A. Prodr. 320. Not M. ramiflorum,
Griff. Notul. iv. 673.

Var. 3. capitellata ; peSuncle more elongated sometimes 1 inch. M. capitel-
latum, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 6 ; Boxb. Hort. Beng. 28. ? Lamk. III. t. 284.

Var. 4. ovata ; leaves often 4 in. more rounded at the base more acute sometimes
subacuminate at the apex. M. ovatum, 8m. ex Kurz For. Fl. i. 512. M. edule,
var. 7, Thwaites Enum. 110. M. umbellatum, Hb. Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4109. M.
tinctorium, var. )8, W. § A. Prodr. 319. M. prasinum, Naud. in. Ann. Sc. Nat.
ser. 3. xviii. p. 275. M. grande, Wall. Cat. 4103, partly. M. lucidum and pyri-
folium, Presl Epim. Bot. 209, 210.

Var. 5. lata ; nerves distinct, peduncles elongate often l-l£ in., pedicels 0, calyx
prominently 4-toothed. M. capitellatum, Thwaites Enum. 110 {not of Linncetcs). —
Ceylon ; Thwaites No. 1564, 1565 ; Walker ; Moon ; Major Champion. — Called Samara
lata by Moon in Herb, by "which he understood Burmann's Fl. Zeyl. t. 30 : also
M. Walker?, Hook, in Herb. : also marked nov. sp. by Triana in Herb. Hook.

Var. 6. rubro-carulea, Thwaites Enum. 415 (sp.) ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii. 159. — Ceylon; East Matelle ; Thwaites. — Mr. Thwaites says this diifers from
M. edule by the leaves more acuminated with the base more rounded. But the
specimen (No. 3809) sent to Kew has the leaves very obtuse not at all acuminated,
and narrowed into the petiole at the base : in short it is a typical example of M.
edule var. 1 typica.

Var. 7- cuneata, Thwaites Enum. 112 (sp.); Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii.
159. — Ceylon ; alt. 3000 ft. ; Thwaites No. 2538. — The leaves are cuneate attenuate at
the base, so that in some there is hardly any petiole ; otherwise the same as M.
edule.

Var. 8. leucantha, Thwaites Enum. 110 (spA; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii.
159.— Ceylon; alt. 3000-5000 ft.; Thwaites; Gardner.— This differs from M. edule
by its white flowers and its leaves more distinctly nerved.

Var. 9. scutellata, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 157. M. myrtifolium,
Wall. Cat. 4111. M. obtusum, Wall. Cat. 4110. M. punctatum, Presl, and scutella-
tum, Naud. ex Kurz For. Fl. i. 513. — Transgangetic Peninsula from Chittagong to
Singapore. — Distrib. Malay Archipelago. Leaves very thick, opaque, obscurely
punctulate on both surfaces, narrowed much at the base, subepetiolate ; otherwise
much like M. edule type. — Kurz separates specifically M. punctatum, Presl, having
the calyx with a tubercled base, from M. scutellatum, Naud. having the calyx with a
smooth base. But both these descriptions of calyx may be seen on one branchlet, as
in Heifer No. 2330 Kew Distrib. : the tuberculation is caused by an insect.

Var. 10. Thwaitesii; calyx-tube in the bud distinctly campanulate, teeth after
flowering triangular. M. umbellatum, Thwaites No. 387, not of Burmann. — Ceylon,
alt. 3000 ft. — Burmann states that his umbellatum, Fl. Zeyl. t. 31 is called Wary-
kaha by the Cinghalese, a name attributed by Thwaites to M. capitellatum, Linn. It
appears closely allied to M. capitellatum, Linn, but the very broad base of the calyx
in bud is unlike M. edule.

Var. 11. Rottleriana ; inflorescence lax extending 2-2^ in. — Deccan Peninsula ?
— Called M. capitellatum by Heyne in Herb. Bottler and probably the extreme form
of that variety.

Var. 12. molesta; branchlets distinctly quadrangular. — Anamallay Mts. ; Wight
No. 1072. — Wight's specimens are ample and beautifully preserved : they are exactly
M. edule var. 2. ramiflorum, except that the branchlets (and even the branches) are
quadrangular. They are sufficient to shake the faith of any botanist in the whole
existing arrangement of the species of Memecylon.

DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.

M. subquadrangulare, DC. Prodr. iii. 6 ; no example known, and not recog-
nisable from description.

M. Royenii, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 360, is probably some form of M. edule, Koxb.,
for Blume states that it is the Wellie Kala of Burmann's herbarium.

M. floribundum, Wall. Cat. 4113 is a Eugenia.

Memecylon.'] lx. melastomacej:. (C. B. Clarke.) 565

M. pyriforme, Wall. Cat. 4106 is not Melastomaceous.

M. paucifxorum, Wall. Cat. 4114 is Canthium glomeratum, Miq.

M. acuminatum, Wall. Cat. 4105 is not a Memecylon.

M. subtrinervium, Miq. var. grandifolia, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1876, pt. ii.
131, from the Nicobars, with leaves 8-10 in., and obovoid-oblong berries § in. diam.,
is perhaps next to M. heteropleurum No. 1 9, but we have seen no specimen.

Two brancblets with detached leaves and fruits collected by Dr. T. Anderson at
Singapore are referred by Triana to Pachycentria tuberculosa, Korths, a Borneo
species. The identification appears correct ; but this very imperfect material is the
only ground for supposing that the species has been collected within the limits of the
present Flora.

Order LXI. LYTHRACEJE. (By C. B. Clarke, F.L.S.)

Trees shrubs or herbs ; branches often quadrangular. Leaves entire, oppo-
site, sometimes alternate or whorled ; stipules 0. Inflorescence various, often in
cymes or panicles. Flowers hermaphrodite, regular, rarely oblique, unisexual in
Crypteronia. Calyx-tube free, persistent; lobes 3-6, valvate, accessory often
added. Petals as many as the calyx-teeth, rarely 0, inserted near the top of the
calyx-tube. Stamens definite or very many, inserted on the calyx-tube. Ovary
free, in the bottom of the calyx- tube (rarely inferior), 2-6-ceUed ; style long,
stigma capitate rarely 2-lobed ; ovules very many, placentas axile (rarely pa-
rietal). Fruit coriaceous or membranous, free or more or less adnate to the
base of the calyx, 2-6-celled or by imperfection of the partitions 1-celled,
dehiscent or not. Seeds many, various in shape, angular round or winged,
albumen 0 ; embryo straight, cotyledons convolute in Sonneratia and Punica. —
Distbib. Species 250 ; in the tropics of the whole world especially of America ;
a few species scattered over the temperate zones.

Nesjea triflora, Kunth, introduced into "Wight and Arnott's Prodromiis (p. 307),
is a Mauritian plant collected occasionally in India.

Tribe I. Ammanniese. Low or aquatic herbs with small or minute
flowers. Calyx membranous.

Herbs growing in moist places 1. Ammannia.

Herb growing in water the flower-spike exsert 2. Hydrolythrum.

Tribe II. Lythreae. Trees or shrubs. Calyx herbaceous or coriaceous.
Petals often large wrinkled. '

* Calyx curved, Jlowers secund.

Stamens declinate 3. Woodfordia.

** Calyx straight, Jlowers symmetric.

Flowers 6-fid. Capsule circumsciss 4. Pemphis.

Flowers 4 -fid. Capsule irregularly breaking up 5. Lawsonia.

Flowers minute subunisexual. Capsule 2-valved 6. Crypteronia.

Flowers 6-fid. Capsule 3-6-valved. Seeds winged .... 7. Lagerstroemia.
Flowers 4-8-fid. Capsule 4-8-valved. Seeds minute ... 8. Duabanga.
Berry subglobose, 10-15-celled, oo -seeded .9. Sonneratia.

Anomalous genera with inferior ovary.

Calyx-lobes 5-7, thick. Stamens oo 10. Pttnica.

Calyx-lobes 5, small. Stamens 10 11. Axinandra.

•566 lxi. ltthrace^. (C. B. Clarke.) [Ammannia.

1. AftXMANNXA, Linn.

Annual glabrous herbs growing in damp places ; branches often quadrangu-
lar. Leaves opposite and alternate, sometimes whorled, entire ; stipules 0.
Flotvers small, axillary, solitary and subsessile, or in small trichotomous cymes ;
bracteoles usually 2. Calyx campanulate or tubular-campanulate, 3-5-toothed,
often- with minute interposed teeth or folds. Petals 3-5 or 0, small,, inserted
between the calyx-teeth. Sta?nens 2-8, inserted on the calyx-tube. Ovary
enclosed in the calyx-tube, 1-5-celled, the septa very thin often absorbed ; style
filiform or short, stigma capitate ; ovules very many, placentas axile. Capsule
membranous, globose or long-ellipsoid, enclosed in the calyx, 2-3-valved, or
irregularly breaking up or circumsciss. Seeds many, often nearly covering the
placenta which is often ultimately free central, small, smooth, round on the
back, raphe on the inner face, ellipsoid or nearly hemispheric. — Distkib.
Species 30, in,the tropics and warm temperate zones of the whole world.

Subgenus I. Rotala. Floioers axillary, solitary or in sessile spikes.
Capsule 2-4-valved.

* Calyx in fruit campanulate, longer than hroad.

1. A. peploides, Spreng. Syst.i. 444; cauline leaves elliptic nerves pro-
minent beneath, capsule 2-valved, seeds narrow-oblong subfalcate. Bows. Fl.
Orient, ii. 742 : Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 84. A. nana, Roxb. Fl.
Ind. i. 427, not of Wallich. A. repens, Rottl. ; DC. Frodr. iii. 80. Ameletia
indica, DC. Frodr. iii. 76; Wall. Cat. 2093; JT. 8? A. Frodr. 303; Blume
Mus. Bot. ii. 135, t. 47; Dalz. 8? Gibs. Bomb.'Fl. 96: Wight Ic. t. 257. A.
elongata, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 135. A. acutidens, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
617. A. polystachya, Wall. Cat. 2094. A. latifolia, Wall. Cat. 2096, partly.
Peplis indica, Willd. Sp. Fl. ii. 244.

India; common, in rice fields &e. throughout the plains and in -warm places
in the lower mountains.— Distrib. Malaya to the Philippines and Canton ; Cabul and
Persia.

Stems decumbent often rooting or erect, 3-12 in. high. Leaves opposite, larger on
the main stem, £-f in., elliptic, narrowed at the base, sometimes almost petioled.
Flowers often approximate in numerous sessile axillary spikes, solitary, sessile in the
axils of reduced floral leaves; bracteoles 2, minute, lanceolate: or flowers some-
times strictly axillary, distant. Calyx-tube long-campanulate, scarcely striate ; teeth
4, often pink, acute, triangular in fruit, accessory tee.th obscure or 0. Petals 0, or 4
small. Capsule ellipsoid, longer than broad. Seeds pink, somewhat angular, hilum
quite obscure. ■

2. A. Ritchie i, C. B. Clarke; cauline leaves elliptic nerves not preemi-
nent beneath, capsule 4-valved, seeds nearly hemispheric.

Bklgaum, in rice fields, Ritchie.

Stems 6-12 in. rooting amongst floating weeds (ftitchie). Leaves opposite,
cauline ^-f in., elliptic, sessile. Flowers solitary, distant,Siower distinctly pedicelled.*
Calyx long-campanulate, truncate ; teeth 4, minute, hardly so large as the minute
interjected ones. Petals 4, mimite, rose. Capsule ellipsoiu, longer than broad, as
long as the calyx-tube. Seeds brown-yellow, elliptic, peltate.

3. A . rot undifolia, Bam. in Don Frodr, 220 ; leives orbicular, flowers
sessile close-packed in terminal spikes, capsule 4-valved. floxb. Fl. Ind. i. 425 ;

Ammannia.] lxi. lythrace^. (0. B. Clarke.) 567

DC. Prodr. iii. 79 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 306 ; Wall. Cat. 2095 ; Wight Ic. t. 258 ;
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 85. A. latifolia, Wall. Cat. 2096, partly.
A. subspicata, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. i. 484. Ameletia rotundi-
iblia, JDalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 96. A. subspicata, Benth. in Hook. Kew Journ.
Bot. iv. 81.

India ; common, in rice fields &c. throughout the plains and in warm places in the
lower mountains ; not received from Ceylon. — Distrib. China, Formosa.

Eootingand creeping extensively so as often to form large patches in moist turf:
stems usually 4-6 in., roundish and leafy. Leaves % in. diam., opposite, sessile or
shortly petioled, nerved, approximate below becoming distant towards the spikes.
Flower-spikes dense, pedunculate, often 3 sometimes one only, sometimes panicled ;
floral leaf one t<f each flower, ovate or oblong, bracteiform, bracteoles 0 or most
minute. Calyx-tube campanulate, not elongate; teeth 4, acute, triangular, without ,
interjected folds. Petals 4, obovate, twice the length of the calyx-teeth, , bright^
rose. f Capsule ellipsoid, a little longer than broad. Seeds brown-yellow, ellipsoid
peltaie. — In this species, in A. floribunda below, and probably in others, the flowers
are dimorphic ; ,one kind has the stamens included and the style very long-exserted,
the father kind has the stamens long-exserted and the style short : these are
doubtless reciprocally fertile in the manner discovered by Mr. Darwin for Lythrum
Salickria. No stress must be laid on the descriptions of the length of the style in
this Igenus.

4. A. tenuis, C. B. Clarice ; leaves opposite ovate or elliptic, flowers ses-
sile close-packed in terminal spikes, capsule 2-valved. Ameletia tenuis, Wight
Ic. t. 257 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 96.

Central India from Banda to the Concan and Behar. East Bengal ; (rrijfiih
No. 2310. -s

Erect, or but shortly creeping at the base ; varying from simple stems 3-4 in. to
very compound stems 8-10 in. Leaves \-^ in., sessile or nearly so, often acute.
Flower-spikes dense, on filiform peduncles ; floral leaf one to each flower, oblong or
lanceolate, bracteoles lanceolate, exceeding half the length of the calyx. Calyx-
tube campanulate, much more elongate than that of A. rotundifolia ; teeth 4,
acute, without interjected folds. Petals 4, obovate, not much longer than the
calyx-teeth. Capsule ellipsoid, much longer than broad. , Seeds brown-yellow, el-
liptic, peltate.

5. A. floribunda, C. B. Clarke; leaves alternate, upper narrow-oblong
or linear, flowers sessile close packed in terminal spikes, capsule 2-valved. Ame-
letia floribunda, Wight 111. 206, not good and the reference to the figure wrong ;
Hook. Ic. PI. t. 826; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 96. Nimmonia floribunda, Wight
in Madras Journ. of Science vi. 34, t. 20.

Mahableshwur Hills, Bombay ; Law, Stocks.

Erect or but shortly creeping at the base ; stems often much branched, 8-10 in.
L«tver leaves 1-2 in., broad-oblong, obtuse, sessile, base broad, upper leaves \-\ in.,
linear or narrow-oblong. Flower-spikes dense on filiform peduncles 5 floral leaf one
to each flower, oblong or lanceolate ; bracteoles lanceolate, exceeding half the length
of the calyx. Calyx-tube campanulate, elongate, like that of A. tenuis; teeth 4,
acute, without interjected folds. Petals 4, obovate, nearly twice the calyx- teeth,
bright rose. Capsule ellipsoid, much longer than broad. Seeds brown-yellow, el-
liptic, peltate. — Very closely allied to the preceding species.

6. A. Rotala, F. Muell. Fr'agm. iii. 108 j. leaves in whorls of 3-6 linear,
flowers sessile axillary, capsule 3-valved. Benth. Fl. Austral, iii. 295. Rotala
yerticillaris, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 76 j Wall. Cat. 6321; W. &f A. Prodr. 303;

568 lxt. LTTHRACEiE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Ammannia.

Wight Ic. t. 260 ; Balz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 96 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 614.
R. apetala, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 108. — Rheede Hort. Mai. ix. t. 81.

Deccan Peninsula ; Wight, Bottler. Concan, Law. Ceylon, abundant, Thwaitcs.
— Distrib. Australia. Tropical Africa.

Erect or shortly creeping; stems 3-6 in. Leaves \-^ in., sometimes somewhat
ovate at the base. Lower whorls of flowers often distant, upper sometimes almost spi-
cate. Calyx tubular ; teeth 3-5, small. Petals small, fugacious, or 0. Stamens 3-5.
Capsule ellipsoid, longer than broad. Seed half-obovoid, the plane face somewhat
excavated. — Hypobriehia Spruceana, Benth. in Herb. Spruce which has been reduced
to a synonym of Rotala verticillaris, differs in its inflorescence and short calyx.

7. A. dentelloides, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1870, pt. ii. 76; leaves
opposite linear, flowers sessile axillary, capsule 2-valved.

Sikkim Terai near Siligori ; Kurz, C. B. Clarke.

Stems 2-4 in., procumbent. Leaves \- £ in., linear or narrow oblong, obtuse.
Flowers scattered, not at all spicatc. Calyx-tube elongate-campanulate, 5-ribbed ;
teerh 5, triangular, acute; teeth and sometiines the whole tube with minute scattered
hairs, accessory teeth 0. Petals minute. Capsule ellipsoid, much longer than broad.
Seed half-ellipsoid, excavated on the plane face.

** Calyx in fruit hemispheric, tube as broad as or broader than long.

8. A ■ pygrneea, Kurz in Seemann Journ. Bat. v. 376 ; very minute,
leaves opposite linear, flowers sessile axillary, capsule 2-valved.

Khasia Mts., alt. 2000 ft., H.f. $ T. ; Rajmahal Hills (Bengal), Kurz; through-
out Chota Nagpore, alt. 1000-2000 ft., C. B. Clarke. Calcutta ; Botanic Garden,
Kurz.

Stems tufted, 1-3 in. Leaves \-~ in., linear or narrow-oblong, at the base narrower
almost petioled, obtuse often with two points (as described by Harvey in Suffrenia
capensis). Flowers not spicate, most minute. Calyx-tube short ; teeth 4, triangular,
accessory teeth 0. Petals if any minute, not yet seen. Stamens 2 (occasionally 3-4
Kurz). Capsule spherical, slightly acute. Seeds black, half- ellipsoid or nearly half-
spherical, excavated on the plane face. — Kurz says the capsule is 3-valved : the very
perfect examples from Chota Nagpore have the capsule 2 valved Suffrenia capensis,
Harvey 1'hes. Capens. ii. t. 189, differs from the Indian plant only in the larger and
longer capsule. Compare Rotala filiformis, Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 468,
where Harvey's linear-leaved plant is united with the European Suffrenia which has
oblong, broad-based leaves.

9. A. simpliciuscula, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1871, pt. ii. 54; leaves
opposite narrow-oblong, flowers solitary axillary shortly pedicelled, capsule 3-
valved.

Chittagong ; tropical rice fields ; H.f.$ T.t Kurz.

Stems decumbent, 1-2^ in. Lower leaves i in., almost petioled, upper shorter,
somewhat obovate. Flowers small, lower distant, upper approximate. Calyx-tube
short ; teeth 4, triangular, accessory teeth 0. Capsule globose, much longer than the
calyx. Seeds black, subhemispheric, excavated on the plane face.

10. A. pentandra, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 425 ; cauline leaves opposite ellip-
tic-Dblong sessile faintly nerved, flowers solitary axillary sessile, capsule 3-celled.
DC. Frodr. iii. 79 ; W. c/ A. Frodr. 305; Wall. Cat. 2102 ; Blume Mm. Bot.
ii. t. 46 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 85. A. nana, Roxb. in Wall. Cat.
2105. A. rubra, Ham. in Don Frodr. 220; Wall. Cat. 2107. A. subspicata,
Herb. Hohenack. No. 1611. A. densiflora, Roth Nov. Sp. 99; DC. I.e. 79;

Ammaimia.] lxi. ltthracej:. (C. B. Clarke.) 569

W. $ A. Prodr. 305. A. debilis, Ait. in Herb. Zoll. %■ Mor. Rotala Kox-
burghiana, Wight Ic. t. 260 ; Wall. Cat. 2105. Tritheca pentandra, Miq. Fl.
Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 614. Winterlia uliginosa, Spreng. Syst. i. 788. Sellowia
uliginosa, Roth I. c. 163 \DC.l, c. 380.

Throughout Tropical India, in moist places, very common. — Distrib. China, Ma-
laya : and (including the varieties below enumerated) Australia and Tropical Africa.

Stems 6-12 in., often with many opposite branches divergent at right angles and
covered with flowers. Cauline leaves usually 1 in., upper floral leaves becoming brac-
tiform, oblong, base broader. Flowers often approximate, never in distinct spikes ;
bracteoles subulate as long as the calyx. Calyx-teeth 5, lanceolate, very acuminate ;
accessory teeth 5, subulate, often as long as the primary teeth. Petals 5, narrow-
obovate, small or 0. Capsule spherical or globose-depressed. Seeds black, hemi-
spheric, excavated on the plane face.

Var. illecebroides, Am. in Herb. Wight ; smaller, cauline leaves ^ in. A. nana,
Wall. Cat. partly not Uoxb. nor Rottl. Kotala ? decussata, DC. Prodr. iii. 76 ; Hiern
in Oliv, Fl. Prop. Afr. ii. 467-

Var. fimbriata, Wight Ic. t. 217 (sp.); cauline leaves longer narrower often cor
date, at the base, petals larger sometimes fimbriate. A. Heyneana, Wall. Cat. 2104.
A. hexandra, Wall. Cat. 2103. — Wallich's example has six stamens, otherwise is
exactly A. fimbriata, Wight.

Subgenus II. XSu-Ammannia. Flowers in whorls, cymes or clusters.
Capsule circumsciss or bursting irregularly.

11. A. baccifera, Linn.) BlumeMus. Bot. ii. 133; cauline leaves oppo-
posilo or alternate oblong or narrow-elliptic narrowed at the base, flowers in
dense clusters forming knots on the stem or in looser but very short axillary
cymes, capsule globose. Dalz. c/ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 97 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
1877, pt. ii. 85. A. vesicatoria, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I 426 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 78 ; W.
8f A. Prodr. 305; Wall. Cat. 2098, partly. A. indica, Lamk. ; DC. I.e. 77;
W. cy A. Prodr. 305; Wall. Cat.- 2099 ; Blume I.e. t. 46. A. debilis, Ait.
Hort. Kew, ed. 1, i. 163. A. verticillata, Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 743, not of Link.
Hapalocarpum vesicaioriuni and H. indicum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 618.
Oryptotheca apetala, Blume Bijd. 1128; DC. I. c. 76.

Throughout Tropical India, in moist places, very common. — Distrib. Afghanistan.
Malaya. China. Australia. Tropical Africa.

Glabrous, erect, 6-8 in. sometimes 2 ft. Lower leaves and branches usually oppo-
site ; cauline leaves 1-2^ in., usually narrow but obtuse. Calyx-tube hemispherical;
teeth 4, broad, triangular, accessory folds or teeth small. Petals usually 0, or
small. Capsule depressed, imperfectly circumsciss above the /middle. Seeds black,
subhemispheric, excavated on the plane face.

12. A . salicifolia, Monti ex Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 132 ; glabrous, leaves
sessile lanceolate rounded at the base, flowers densely clustered in the axils,
capsule globose depressed not covered by the calyx-teeth. Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 97. A. egyptiaca, Willd. Hort. Berol. t. 6. A. verticillata, Lamk. III.
t. 77. f. 3, not of Wight ; DC. Prodr. iii. 79. A. glauca, Wall. Cat. 2100 ;
W. 8f A. Prodr. 305. A. densiflora, Miq. in Herb. Hohenack. No. 770.

Punjab ; Edgeworth, T. Thomson. Ktjmaon, alt. 4000 ft. ; Strachey <f Winter-
bottom. Behar ; J. D. H. East Bengal ; Griffith. Concan ; Stocks, Ritchie.
Deccan Peninsula ; Wight 981 ; Perottet. — Distrib. Tropical Africa.

Glabrous, erect, sometimes 2 ft. high, leaves and branches opposite. Cauline
leaves often 2 in. by less than ^ in., frequently cordate at the base. Calyx in fruit
hemispheric ; teeth 4, erect, triangular, too short to close over the capsule ; accessory

570 lxi. lythkace^;. (C. B. Clarke.) [Ammannia,

folds usually present but small. Capsule reddish, exactly like that of A. haccifera.
Seed half-obovoid, excavated on the plane face, one end much smaller than the
other. — A. verticillata, Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 743, has the leaves attenuated to the
base; and is therefore A. haccifera, Linn., for the only character by which A. hacci-
fera can be distinguished from A. salicifolia.

13. A. cordata, W. fy A. Prodr. 304 ; glabrous, leaves sessile oblong cor-
date subamplexicaul, flowers 2-5 shortly pedicelled in each axil, capsule globose
covered by the calyx-teeth. Wall. Cat. 6322. A. salicifolia, Monti var. /3.
Thwaites Enum. 121.

East Bengal, Noakhali, C. B. Clarke. Deccan Peninsula ; Wight. Ceylon ,
Thwaites.

Glabrous, erect, 12-18 in., leaves and branches opposite. Cauline leaves 1-l^in.,
margins often white cartilaginous. Flowers very shortly pedicelled, but not congested.
Calyx-tube campanulate with 4 green striations ; teeth 4, triangular, connivent over
the capsule; accessory teeth as 4 small prominent horns. Capsule globose, much
larger than that of A. salicifolia, not becoming red pseudo-baccate as does that of
A. haccifera and A. salicifolia. Seeds subhemispheric, excavated on the plane face.

14. A. lanceolata, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 2106 B., C. ; leaves opposite
oblong-elliptic attenuate to the base scarcely petioled, flowers 2-5 shortly pedi-
celled in each axil, calyx campanulate minutely pubescent, petals large. A.
verticillata, W. fy A. Prodr. 304, exclud. all syn. A. salicifolia, Thwaites Enum.
121, as to var. a. only. — Rheede Hort. Mai. ix. t. 84?.

Deccan Peninsula, Wight. Bed hills of the Carnatic; G. Thomson. Ceylon;
Thwaites.

Erect, 4-16 in., branches numerous, opposite. Cauline leaves 1-1^ in., margins
often white cartilaginous, younger leaves usually puberulous punctate or subpubes-
cent. Flowers not congested, often whorled ; bracteoles linear, obtuse, green, as long
as the calyx. Calyx-tube campanulate, ovoid; teeth 4, triangular, short, with 4
shorter triangular exterior teeth. Petals exceeding much the calyx, larger than in
any other species of Eu-Ammannia. Capsule globose. Seed subhemispheric, ex-
cavated on the plane face.

15. A. seneg-alensis, Lamk. III. t. 77, f. 2.; leaves opposite elongate-
oblong sessile subauriculate at the bass, cymes peduncled compound, capsule
i in. diam. globose. DC. Prodr. iii. 77. A. auriculata, Willd. Hort. Berol.
t. 7 ; DC. I. c. 80 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 743.

Plains of the Punjab and of North-West Hindostan, ascending to 5000 ft.
Boyle, T. Thomson, Edgewort h.—DisTmB. Afghanistan. Persia. Egypt. Tropical
Africa. Australia.

Glabrous, erect, 6-24 in., branches sharply quadrangular. Cauline leaves 1-2 in.
Bracteoles on the cyme-branches minute, linear. Calyx campanulate, with 4 or 8
green lines becoming indistinct in fruit ; teeth 4, broad-triangular, teeth obscure.
Petals 0 or caducous. Stamens 6 or 8. Capsule becoming ultimately red, much
exceeding the calyx-tube. Seeds half-ellipsoid, excavated on the plane face. — This
species is distinct so far as the Indian material is concerned. Some African ex-
amples have the cyme much closer and are doubtfully separable from A. salicifolia
above. Kurz (in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 85. 86) gives Chittagong as a locality
for this plant: which may be so, or his plant may have been A. cordata No. 13.

16. A. raultiflora, JRoxb. Fl. Ind. i. 426; leaves opposite elongate-oblong
sessile subauriculate at the base, cymes peduncled compound, capsule i in.
diam. globose. DC. Prodr. iii. 79} W. $ A. Prodr. 305; Wall. Cat. 2101;

Ammannia.'] lxi. lttheace^;. (C. B. Clarke.) 571

Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 743 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 97 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
1877, pt. ii. 85.

Throughout India on the plains. — Distrib. Afghanistan. Persia. Australia.

Glabrous, very erect, 6-24 in. ; branches numerous, sharply quadrangular. Cauline
leaves 1-1 £ in. Bracteoles on the cyme-branches most minute, linear. Calyx cam-
panulate, hemispheric or scarcely elongate ; teeth 4, short-triangular. Petals 0, or
small and caducous. Stamens 4, 6 or 8. Capsule often ultimately red, globose, not
enclosed by the calyx. Seeds half-ellipsoid, excavated on the plane face. — Very
closely allied to A. senegalensis and united with it by Mr. Hiern, perhaps correctly,
but the two forms do not meet or pass into each other in India. Cryptotheca dicho-
toma, Blume Bijd. 1128; DC. Prodr. iii. 76 (Ammannia microcarpa, DC. Prodr. iii.
77), from Java and Timor, has been united with A. multiflora Boxb. by Kurz in
Journ. As. Soc. 1871, pt. ii. 56, but differs in the much more elongate calyx-tube and
larger cauline leaves : it is certainly very near A. multiflora.

17. A. octandra, Linn. f. Suppl. 127; leaves opposite linear-oblong
subauriculate at the base, cymes very shortly pedimcled 3-5-flowered, calyx in
fruit large canipanulate 4-angled with 8 distinct ribs. Boxb. Cor. Pi. t. 133 ;
Fl. 2nd. i. 425; DC. Prodr. iii. 80; Wall. Cat. 2097; W. fy A. Prodr. 304;
Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 132 : Dalz. 8? Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 97 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
1877, pt. ii. 86. Arnmaiiella linearis, Miq. Fl. 2nd. Bat. i. pt. i. 619. Dip-
lostemon octandrum, Miq. I.e. 615.

Deccan Peninsula ; Bottler ; Heyne ; Wight ; G. Thomson. Ceylon ; Thwaites.
Chittagong ; Kurz. — Distrib. Malaya.

Erect, 6-18 in., branches quadrangular, often scabrous. Cauline leaves 1-2 in.,
sometimes very narrow. Calyx in fruit \ in., often minutely pubescent or scabrid,
nearly truncate ; teeth 4, small. Petals ~ in., obovate, rose-coloured. Stamens 8,
filaments long, dark-red. Capsule somewhat ellipsoid, as long as the calyx. Seeds
subhemispheric. — This species is reduced to A. latifolia Linn, by Griseb. Fl. Brit.
West Ladies 270 ; but the West Indian specimens, though like the Indian in leaves
and habit, are entirely without the subalate angles of the ripe fruit which form *,he
essential character of A. octandra.

18. A. subrotunda, Wall, ex Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1871, pt. ii. 55;
" leaves sessile almost orbicular pinnate-nerved, flowers on slender short pedi-
cels forming shorter or longer slender racemes."

Burma or East Bengal ; Kurz. — Distrib. Ava.
Kat seen : diagnosis copied from Mr. Kurz.

2. HYDROLYTHRTJIffl, Hook.f.

A glabrous aquatic herb. Lower leaves whorled, linear. Spikes exsert out
of the water with oblong bractiform leaves. Flowers whorled, subsessile in the
axils of bracts, lower whorls distant, upper approximate, often with opposite
bracts ; bracteoles 2, subulate. Calyx campanulate ; teeth 4, triangular ; ac-
cessory teeth 0. Petals 4, inserted between the calyx-lobes. Stamens 4, on the
middle of the calyx-tube. Hypogynous scales 4, bifid. Ovary in the bottom of
the calyx, free, 2-celled ; 3tyle simple, stigma capitate ; ovules not many, pla-
centas axile. Capsule small, globose, 2-celled. Seeds 3 or 4 in each cell, ovoid,
concave. — A genus only separable from Ammannia by habit : for hypogynous
glands exist in Amm. rotundifolia.

572 lxi. lythracejs. (C. B. Clarke.) [Hydroly thrum.

1. H. Wallichii, Hook. f. in Gen. PL i. 777; Hook. Ic. PL t. 1007.
Kotala, sp. Wall. Cat. 9059. K. (Mirkooa) myriophylloides, Welw. ; Oliv. Fl.
Trop. Afr. ii. 469. Ammannia Wallichii, Kurz in Joum. As. Soc. 1877, pt.
ii. 84.

Tavoy ; Wallich. Mottlmein ; Lobb. — Distrib. Java, Angola.

Stems 8 in., weak, little divided, probably erect in the water. Leaves £-£ in.,
about 8-12 in each whorl ; emersed leaves \ in., acute or obtuse. Calyx without ac-
cessory teeth. Petals elliptic, rose-coloured, far exceeding the calyx-teeth. Capsule
not ripe in the Indian examples, dehiscing septicidally from the apex in the African.
— Mr. Hiern says (in Oliv. Fl. Jrop. Afr. ii. 469) that the Angola plant is conge-
neric with the Tavoy plant ; but it appears conspecitic.

3. WOODFORDXA, Salisb.

A shrub. Leaves opposite, subsessile, entire, lanceolate, beneath whiter and
with black glandular dots. Flowers in short panicled cymes on axillary pedun-
cles, rarely solitary, scarlet; pedicels 2-bracteate at their base. Calyx long-
tubular, slightly curved, mouth oblique ; teeth 6, short, with 6 minute accessory
teeth. Petals 6, small or 0, inserted at the top of the calyx-tube. Stamens
12, declinate, inserted on the calyx-tube below its middle. Ovary at the bot-
tom of the calyx-tube, free, sessile, oblong, 2-celled ; style filiform, stigma
small ; ovules very many, placentas axile. Capsule ellipsoid, membranous, in-
cluded in the calyx. Seeds very many, narrowly cuneate-obovate, quite smooth,
without hairs or papillae.

1. W. floribunda, Salisb. Par ad. Lond. t. 42 ; Boiss. FL Orient, ii. 737 ;
Brand. For. FL 238. W. tomentosa, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. t. xiv. fig. 4.
W. fruticosa, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1871, pt. ii. 56 ; For. Fl. i. 518. Grislea
tomentosa, Roxb. Cor. PL t. 31 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 233 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 92 ; Bot.
Mag. t. 1906 ; Wall. Cat. 2110 ; W. 8p A. Prodr. 308 ; Blume Mus. Bot. ii. t.
45 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 621 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 97. G. uniflora,
Rich. Fl. Abyss, t. 52. G. punctata, Ham.; DC. I.e. 92; W. $ A. Prodr.
308. G. micropetala, Hochst. et Steud. in Herb. Sehimp. 1906. Lythrum fruti-
cosum, Linn. Sp. PL 641.

Throughout India, common ; ascending to 5000 ft. ; but not seen in the alluvial
mud of Bengal. — Distrib. Beloochistan, Tropical Africa, Madagascar, China.

A shrub with long spreading branches, brilliantly red with flowers in the hot
season. Leaves 2-4 in., opposite or subopposite, usually rounded or cordate at the
base (but one African form has leaves attenuate at the base) ; usually grey pubescent
beneath, sometimes quite glabrous. Calyx ^-^ in., bright red. Petals scarcely longer
than the calyx-teeth. Seed (figured by Blume and by Beddome as densely covered by
long papillae and stated by Kurz to be papillose-pilose) in every example at Kew
entirely glabrous not exhibiting at any period of its development the smallest trace
of a papilla. — This shrub is very uniform in character throughout India : the African
examples vary much more. It is trimorphic after the manner described by Mr. Dar-
win in Lythrum Salicaria. See Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 481.

4. PEIVIPHIS, Forst.

A maritime shrub or tree, attaining 35 ft. Leaves opposite, oblong, entire,
very thick, fleshy. Floivers axillary, solitary, peduncles 2-bracteate at their
base. Calyx-tube campanulate, 12-ao -ribbed ; teeth 6, short, with 6 shorter
accessory teeth. Petals 6, inserted at the top of the calyx-tube, nearly as long as

t

Pempliis.'] LXi. ltthrace^. (C. B. Clarke.) 573

it, obovate, wrinkled, white or rose. Stamens 12, inserted in two series towards
the middle of the calyx-tube. Ovary free, at the bottom of the calyx-tube, 3-
celled at the base ; style long, stigma capitate ; ovules many, ascending, pla-
centas 3 sub-basal. Capsule coriaceous, ooovoid or nearly globose, included in
the calyx-tube or exsert nearly half its length, circumsciss somewhat irregu-
larly, ultimately 1-celled. Seeds very many, long cuneate-obovoid, angular,
smooth, standing out in all directions from what appears to be a free central
placenta.

1. P. acidula, Forst. Gen. t. 34 ; DC. Trodr. iii. 89; Wall. Cat. 2108;
W. 8f A. Prodr. 307 ; Griff. Notul. iv. 510 ; Blume Mus. Bot. ii. t. 43 ; Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 619 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. t. xiv. fig. 5 ; Kurz For.
Fl. i. 518. P. angustifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 465. Maclellandia Griffithiana,
Wight Ic. t. 1996. Lythrum Pemphis, Linn.f. Suppl. 249 ; Lamk. 111. ii. 408,
fig. 2. Melanium fruticosum, Spreng. Syst. ii. 455.

Southern coasts of both Peninsulas and of Ceylon. — Distrib. Tropical coasts of
the Old World

Branchlets young leaves and inflorescence with short grey hairs. Leaves 1 by f in.
Peduncles £- § in. Capsule \ in. diam.

5. LAWS ONI A, Linn.

A glabrous erect shrub with round branches, sometimes spinous. Leaves
opposite, entire, lanceolate. Flozvers rather small, in large terminal panicled
cymes ; bracts small, deciduous. Calyx-tube exceedingly short ; lobes 4, ovate.
Petals 4, obovate, wrinkled, inserted at the top of the calyx-tube. Stamens
usually 8, inserted in pairs between the petals, sometimes 4 only or 8 not paired.
Ovary free, 4-celled (or 4-celled at the base) ; style very long, stigma capitate ;
ovules many, placentas axile. Capsule coriaceous, globose, exsert, irregularly
breaking up, ultimately 1-celled. Seeds many, angular, pyramidal, smooth,
packed on a central placenta.

1. L. alba, Lamk. III. t. 296, Jig. 2 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 91 ; Wall. Cat. 2109 ;
W. # A. Prodr. 307 ; Wight III. t. 87 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 620 ; Boiss.
Fl. Orient, ii. 744 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 97 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen.
xiv. fig. 6 ; Brand. For. Fl. 238. L. inermis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 258 ; Griff. Ic.
PI. Asiat. t. 580. L. spinosa, Linn. ; Lour. Fl. Cochinc. 281. L. purpurea,
Lamk. ; Spreng. Syst. ii. 217.

Throughout India, very common, cultivated ; perhaps wild in "Western India. —
Distrib. Cabul, Persia. Cultivated in many tropical and warm temperate regions.

About 6 ft. high, often trimmed so as to make a close fence. Leaves |-l£ in.,
narrowed at the base, sometimes very shortly petioled, acute or obtuse. Flowers \ in.
diam., sweet-scented, rose or white. Sepals j% in., permanent. Capsule size of a
pea.

6. CRYPTERONIA, Blume.

Trees. Leaves opposite, petioled, entire, ovate or lanceolate. Racemes
elongate, in branched panicles. Flowers minute, white or green, with short
linear bracts at the base of the pedicels, polyganio-dicecious. Calyx-tube short,
saucer-shaped, or longer subhemispheric ; teeth 5 (rarely 4), valvate, persistent.
Petals 0. Stamens as many as the calyx-teeth, inserted between them near the

574 lxi. lttheacejj. (C. B. Clarke.) [Crypteronia.

top of the calyx-tube. Ovary free, globose, 2-celled ; style long, stigma capitate
sub-2-fid ; ovules many, placentas axile. Capsule '2-celled,, globose, pubescent,
crowned by the persistent style, dehiscent at the vertex across the dissepiment
so as to divide the style ; fruit-pedicel deflexed. Seeds many, long-ellipsoid,
testa produced at each end. — Distrib. Species 5 extending from Eastern Ben-
gal to the Philippines. — The branches appear all functionally dioecious : those
that perfect seed have all the stamens with short filaments : those that have
stamens with long filaments have an ovary and style but set no seed.

1. C pubescens, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 123 ; leaves pubescent beneath,
calyx-teeth short triangular, ripe capsule jg in. broad. Henslovia pubescens,
Wall. Cat. 4904, and PI. As. Ear. iii. 14, t. 221 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 716.
H. pubescens together with the pubescent portion of H. afiinis, Planch, in Hook.
Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. 477, t. xvi. B.

Kangoon; McClelland. Mergui; Griffith, No. 2512-2 {marked H. affinis by
Planchon). Pinang.

Tree 30 ft. (attaining 80 ft. fide Kurz); branchlets nearly glabrous. Leaves
3-4g in., from broad-elliptic to lanceolate, narrowed at both ends ; pubescence beneath
yellowish or brownish. Panicles pubescent ; pedicels scarcely — in. Calyx very
small, in fruit being quite flat, not at all cup-shaped. Capsule in H. pubescens Wall.
exactly the same size as in H affinis Planch. : in both the fruits are sometimes barren
and twice the normal size, probably from the attaek of an insect.

Var. Hookeri ; leaves glabrous beneath, panicle pubescent or rarely glabrous. C.
paniculata, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 86; For. Fl. i. 519, not of Blume.
Henslowia Hookeri, Wall. Cat. 8566. H. affinis, as to the glabrous portion, Planch, in
Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. 477. H. pubescens, Griff. JSotul. iv. 404 and Ic. PI.
Asiat. t. 564, fig. ii. — Amherst and Tavoy ; Wallich. Mergui ; Griffith and Heifer
(No. 2512 Kew Distrib.). Malaya; Maingay No. 650-2. — Henslovia leptostachys,
Planch, (with which H. paniculata; Miq. coincides) differs by the smaller flowers
much more remotely placed on more slender racemes. From Kurz's description
(glabrous leaves) it seems that his C. paniculata exactly coincides with Wallich' s
H. Hookeri, and does not include (as Mr. Kurz supposes it does) the plant of Griffith.
C pubescens and C. glabra may possibly be united under C. paniculata, Blume, but
C. Griffithii is distinct.

2. C. glabra, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 123 ; leaves glabrous beneath, calyx in
fruit somewhat cup-shaped with triangular-lanceolate suberect teeth, capsule
A in. broad. Henslovia glabra, Wall, Cat. 4093 ; Planch, in Hook. Lond. Journ.
Bot. iv. 478 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 716.

Khasia Mts., alt. 1000-3000 ft.; Wallich; H. f. $ T. Chittagong, alt. 1000
ft.; H.f. $ T.— Distrib. Philippines.

An erect tree, 50-60 ft. Leaves lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, narrowed at both
ends, membranous, nerves prominently raised beneath but slender. Pamc/e-branches
glabrous or minutely pubescent ; pedicels ~ in.

3. C. G-riffithii, C. B. Clarke ; leaves glabrous very coriaceous, panicles
and calyx covered with rusty red pubescence, pedicels ~j in., calyx of male
flower ^ in. broad with lanceolate erect teeth. Henslovise sp. Griff. Notul. iv.
406, and Ic. PL Asiat. t. 564, fig. i.

Malacca; Griffith No. 2513. Malaya; Maingay.

Leaves 5-7 in., elliptic-lanceolate, the nerves raised beneath and thick. — This is
very near C. Cumingii, Planch, of the Philippines, and may be a variety of it. C.
Cumingii has a grey pubescence on the panicle, the pedicels are ^ in. or more, the
calyx is smaller.

Lagerstrcemia.'] lxi. lytheace^:. (C. B. Clarke.) 575

7. la&O-SS&STHOr.RZXA, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, distichous (or the uppermost alternate),
entire, oblong or ovate. Panicles axillary and terminal, usually trichotomous,
sometimes dense ; peduncles 2-bracteate at their apex ; pedicels 2-bracteolate.
Flowers often large. Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, smooth grooved angular or
subalate ; lobes 6 sometimes 7-9, ovate, subacute, valvate. Petals 6 sometimes
7-9 (or 0), inserted at the summit of the calyx-tube, clawed, wrinkled,
margin crisped erose or fimbriate. Stamens very many, inserted near the bot-
tom of the calyx-tube ; filaments long, exsert. Ovary sessile, in the bottom of
the calyx, 3-6-celled ; style long, bent, stigma capitate ; ovules very many,
ascending, placentas axile. Capsule more or less adnate to the calyx, ellipsoid,
coriaceous, smooth, 3-6-celled, 3-6-valved. Seeds many (rarely few), elongate,
flat, erect, winged from their summit. — Distrib. Species 18, in South-east
Asia extending to Australia ; Burma being the centre of the genus.

Sect. I. Velag-a. Calyx-tube smooth, neither ribbed nor subalate.

* Calyx glabrous or puberulous, not fulvous-tomentose.

1. Is. indica, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 93 ; petals £-§ in. long-clawed, cap-
sule £ in. diam. nearly globose, calyx-teeth erect on the fruit. Roxb. Hort.
Beng. 38 ; Fl. hid. ii. 505 • Bot. Mag. t. 405 • W. % A. Prodr. 308 ; Wight III.
t. 86 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 521. L. elegans, Wall, in Paxt. Mag. Bot. xiv. 269,
ivithjig. Velaga globosa, Gaertn. Fruct. t. 133.

Throughout India ; common in gardens ; possibly wild in the eastern boundary;
— Distrib. Cultivated throughout the warm parts of Asia originally from China.

A shrub, showy in flower. Leavesl in., glabrous, elliptic or oblong, sessile, acute
or somewhat obtuse at each end, never acuminate. Panicle not condensed, minutely
pubescent or glabrous. Petals bright pink. Calyx-teeth on the fruit long-triangular,
erect but distant, thin not woody. Seed \ in. including its wing.

2. Zi. parviflora, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 38 ; Cor. PI. t. 66 ; Fl. Ind. ii.
505 ; leaves glabrous or shortly pubescent beneath, petiole less than £ in., petals
less than \ in., calvx-teeth ultimatelv woody erect closely adpressed to the
fruit. DC. Prodr. iii. 93 ; Wall. Cat. 2119 altogether not partly as say W. 8f A.
Prodr. 308 ; Wight Ie. t. 69 ; Grif. Ic. PI. Asi'at. t. 592 ; Bedd, Fl. Sylv. t. 31 ;
Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 98; Brand. For. Fl. 239; Kurz For. Fl. i. 521.
L. Fatioa, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 125. Fatioa nepaulensis, Wall. ; DC. Prodr.
iii. 89.

At the base of the "Western Himalaya, alt. 1000 ft. Throughout the Deccan
Plateau (i.e. everywhere south from the Gangetic Plain), alt. 1000-3000 ft.; abun-
dant. Not in Central Bengal, nor Ceylon. — Distrib. Ava.

A tree, attaining 60 ft. Leaves 2-3| in., glabrous in the typical plant, oblong,
acute or acuminate with the apex obtuse, beneath a lighter colour, often prominently
reticulate. Panicles many- or few-flowered, not condensed. Calyx glabrous puberu-
lous or minutely pubescent, in fruit somewhat funnel-shaped at the base, teeth small.
Petals narow, white. Capsule variable in size, in the typical plant f-1 by £-£ in.
Seeds (with the wing) £ in. and upwards.

Var. 1. majuscula ; leaves glabrous larger sometimes 4-5 by 2 in., fruit very large,
sometimes exceeding H by 1 in. L. lanceolata, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 32, not of Wall. —
Common on the north-eastern edge of the Deccan Plateau in Chota Nagpore and
Behar. — Dr! Brandis (For. Fl. 240) supposes that Col. Beddome has made the grave

676 lxi. ltthkacej;. (C. B. Clarke.) [Lagerstrcemia.

error of adding the fruit of one species to the leaves and flowers of another. Col.
Beddome's figure is correct, but it is not L. lanceolata Wall. L. corymbosa, Griff, in
Herb, is this, but the ticket of locality "East Bengal" is doubtful.. This variety is
not known from East Bengal.

Vab. 2. benghalensis ; leaves pubescent beneath at least on the midrib, fruit smaller
than in the type, often less than £ in., fruit-calyx campanulate instead of funnel-
shaped at base. — Nipal; Wall. Cat. 2119 partly. Sikkim; alt. 1000-5000 ft.;
J. D. H., Gamble, C. B. Clarke. Assam ; Mrs. Mack. Birma ; Griffith, whence his
Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 592.

3. Ii. lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 2120 ; leaves glabrous often very white
beneath, petiole usually \ in., petals \-% in., calyx-teeth ultimately thick patent
or reflexed. W. $ A. Prodr. 309 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 98?; Brand. For.
Fl. 240. L. microcarpa, Wight Ic. t. 109 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 30.

Malabar Coast ; from Bombay to Travancore, plentiful ; no specimen from
Coromandel.

Tree 30-50 ft. Leaves 3 in., elliptic-lanceolate, narrowed to both ends. Panicle
generally compound, never condensed. Calyx rarely glabrous usually pubescent, some-
times white and shortly tomentose. Capsule usually smaller than that of L. parviflora,
^— | by ^ in. — A species distinguishable from all the forms of L. parviflora by its calyx-
teeth patent in fruit and its longer petioles. Wallich's name is adopted in preference
to that of Wight who confounded the plant with L. parviflora.

4. Zi. venusta, Wall. Cat. 2117 ; calyx-tube in bud smooth ovoid white
puberulous with 6 linear accessory teeth outside the primary teeth, appearing as
prominent horns on the buds.

Birma ; Melloon on the Irrawaddy near Thayet Myoo ; Wallich.
Leaves 3-4^ in., elliptic-oblong, acute, glabrous. Panicle large, not condensed,
white, puberulous. Bud as large as a pea, much larger than that of L. parviflora.

** Calyx with abundant fulvous or brown-red tomentum.

5. Xi. Rottleri, C. B. Clarke ; leaves stellately fulvous- tomentose be-
neath, capsule | in. resembling that of L. pai-viflora.

Deccan; Bottler.

Leaves 3 in., lanceolate, glabrous above, midrib tomentose ; petiole £ in. Panicle
lax, tomentose. Calyx in the bud fully \ in , with dense brown-red stellate wool
without any trace of grooves or ribs. Seed £ in. including the wing. — Named by
Rottler L. hirsuta? Bheede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 22; but this species, which is only
known from Rheede's figure, is represented as having a deeply-grooved calyx.

6. Xi. calyculata, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1872, pt. ii. 307 ; For. Fl. i.
522 ; leaves puberulous beneath, capsule ^-^ in.

Martaban; Kurz.

A tree, 60-70 ft. Leaves 5-7 in., oblong, acuminate, short-petioled. Panicles
compound, with ferruginous or fulvous tomentum. Calyx in fruit cup-shaped cam-
panulate, closely adpressed to the capsule, without grooves or ribs, densely ferrugi-
nous-tomentose ; lobes short-triangular, reflexed. Capsule oblong, shining.

Sect. II. Adambea. Calyx-tube grooved, ribbed or subalate.

t Adult leaves glabrous or nearly so.

Lagerstroemia.] lxi. lythrace^:. (C. B. Clarke.) 577

7. Zi. Flos-Itegiiiae, Retz Obs. v. p. 25 ; petiole distinct usually £ in.,
calyx covered with hard white (sometimes ferruginous) tomentum, ribs 12- 14-
flat or round not acute on the back, apex of the ovary glabrous. Kurz For.
Fl. i. 524. L. Regime, Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 65 ; Hort. Beng. 38 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 505 ;
DC. Prodr. iii. 93; Wall. Cat. 2114; W. # A. Prodr.'30S; Wight Ic. t. 413;
Plume Mm. Pot. ii. t. 41 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Pat. i. pt. i. 623 ; Pe'dd. Fl. Sylv. t.
29 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 98 : Brand. For. Fl. 240. L. niacrocarpa, Wall.
Cat. 2114. Adambea glabra, Lamk. Diet. Sd.—Pheede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 20, 21.

From Assam to Malacca, abundant. Hills of the Dkccan PeVinstjla, common;
and in Ceylon. In North- West India only cultivated?. — Distkib. Malaya and China,
in many cases perhaps cultivated.

A tree, reaching 50-60 ft., sometimes -when old having on its trunk and larger
branches a few strong straight spines 1-3 in. (See Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii.
177.) Leaves 4-8 in., from broad-elliptic obtuse to long-lanceolate. Panicle large,
lower branches often 6 in., curved, ascending, flowers scattered. Petals commonly
1 in. (sometimes more), mauve, margins erose-undulate, hardly fimbriate. Calyx in
fruit thickened, woody ; lobes triangular spreading. Fruit large, sometimes reaching
14^ in. by 1 in. (Wallieh reduced his L. niacrocarpa number 913 to L. Flos-Rcgince,
and also sank his herbarium names L. ohlonga and L. glaucescens.)

Vab. angusta, Wall. Cat. 2113 ; leaves 15 (excl. potiole) by 6 in. ; fruit 1| in.,
more acute at the apex. Irra-waddy, Wallieh. Rangoon ; McClelland. — This may
possibly be the plant which Mr. Kurz (For. Fl. i. 524) means to preserve as the
species L. macrocarpa. Not merely the leaves on young plants but the leaves on
Wallieh' s specimens near the panicle are very large.

8. Zi. hypoleuca, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1872, pt. ii. 307 ; For. Fl. i.

523 ; leaves shortly petioled sometimes glaucous white beneath, calyx covered
with hard white tomentum, ribs 12 acute.

Axdamaxs, Kurz.

Tree 60-70 ft. Leaves 6-8 in., from ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate or
scarcely acute, attenuate or obtuse at the base. Panicle large, 1 ft. long, narrow-
elongate, white, puberulous. Petals £ in., oblong, lilac, undulate on the margin
(Kurz). Capsule § in. (Kurz), oblong, mucronate, woody. Calyx much more acutely
ribbed than that of L. Flos-Regince, but the teeth of the alternate ribs are very ob-
scurely excurrent in Mr. Kurz's specimens.

9. Zi. floribunda, Jack in Mai. Misc. i. 38 ; petiole very short, calyx
covered with ferruginous stellate w^oollv tomentum with 12 acute ribs, apex of
hairy ovary. DC. Prodr. iii. 93; Wall. Cat. 2115 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
623 (not Blume Mus. Bot. ii. t. 41) ; Griff. Not id. iv. 509 ; Kurz For. Fl. i.
522.

Burma to Singapore ; frequent. — Distrlb. Siam, Malaya, China.

Tree 30 ft. Leaves 5-7 in., oblong, acute, subsessile, rounded at the base. Pa-
nicle large, lower branches often 6 in., ascending, curved, with rich brown stellate
woolly tomentum. Calyx nearly equally 12-ribbed accessory teeth obsolete or obscure.
Petals smaller than in L. Flos-Regirus, at first of a more rosy colour but withering to
mauve-purple. Fruit ^ by \ in.; calyx-teeth spreading, small, not woody.

Var. cuspidata, Wall. Cat. 2116 (sp.) ; accessory teeth of the calyx in the bud pro-
minent appearing as 6 cusps at the summits of the alternate ribs. — Tavoy, Amherst,
Wallieh, who marks the species as L. floribundce prox. It differs from the type in no
point except the cusps mentioned.

\ JL

10. Zi. hexaptera, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 623 ; calyx ^?J puber-
ulous, teeth 6-9, ribs 6-9 almost winged alternaie with the teetli j^yx-teeth

*«in fruit spreading woody.

VOL. II. v v

578 lxi. lytheace^. (C. B. Clarke.) [Lagerstwemia.

Malacca ; Maingay No. 653, 654.— Discrib. Celebes.

A moderate-sized tree {Maingay). Leave* 2-3 in., narrow elliptic-oblong, not acu-
minate, oblique, twisted at the apex, minutely ashy-puberulous beneath; petiole ^ in.
Panicle 4-6 in. ; branches stout, ashy- or grey-puberulous. Calyx in the bud funnel-
shaped not campanulate, smaller than that of L. Flos-Begins. Petals ^-\ in., flat,
shortly clawed, sparingly erose-undulate on the margin. Fruit % by f in., calyx-
wings slightly enlarged on the fruit. — The specimens of Maingay are very perfect but
are identified with Miquel's plant from his description only.

ft Adult leaves pubescent beneath.

11. Xi. villosa, Wall, ex Kurz Pegu For. Report Append. B. 54 ; leaves
lanceolate acuminate pubescent on both surfaces, flowers small apetalous con-
gested at the summits of the panicle-branches, calyx-ribs 6 obscure in the
bud. Kurz For. Fl. i. 524.

Burma ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2240) ; McClelland (Lagerstroemia sp. 9) ;
John Scott; Kurz.

Tree 40-50 ft. (Kurz) ; branchlets panicles and leaves ashy-grey, pubescent.
Leaves 2-3 in., finely acuminate, narrowed to the very short petiole. Buds very small,
calyx-tube smooth, ribs only to be seen near the summit of the tube as six horns
alternating with the primary calyx-teeth. Capside §-f by \ m., the calyx-tube finally
distinctly ribbed. — The name villosa is not in Wallich's Catalogue nor does it exist
on any specimen at Kew, so that it cannot be guessed where Mr. Kurz found it : but
the species is very good and unmistakable.

12. Xi. tomentosa, Presl Bot. Bemerk. 142; leaves lanceolate acuminate
stellately pubescent beneath, flowers with petals scattered on the panicle, calyx-
ribs 12 prominent in the bud. Kurz For. Fl. i. 522. L. pubescens Wall. Cat.
2112.

Burma ; Griffith % Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2238, 2239) ; John Scott ; Kurz No.
1976; Brandts.

Tree 70-100 ft. (Kurz); branchlets petioles and panicle fulvous stellate-woolly
tomentose. Leaves 3-6 in., elliptic-lanceolate to narrow-lanceolate, adult glabrous
reticulate above except the midrib which is fulvous stellate-tomentose ; petiole i-f
in. Calyx in the bud fulvous, tomentose, with 12 blunt ribs to the base. Petals f in.,
finely clawed, erose, subfimbriate on the margin. Capsule | by £ in., calyx-tube ul-
timately 6-ribbed (ribs corresponding to the primary teeth becoming obsolete) ; teeth
triangular, reflexed. — In fruit the capsule and calyx become exactly like those of
Jj. villosa and when the condensed panicle of L. villosa opens out in fruit, the two
species are easily confounded. One sheet of Wall. Cat. 2112 marked L. pubescens is
really L. villosa, but all the other sheets of Wall. Cat. 2112 are true. Among other
tests, the leaves of L. pubescens are stellately hairy beneath, those of L. villosa are
simply pubescent.

Var. Loudoni, Teym. & Binn. PL Nov. in Hort. Bogor. cult. 1863, p. 27 ; leaves
acute not acuminate, flowers not larger than in the type. Kurz For. Fl. i. 523.

8. BUABMGA, Ham.

Large glabrous trees with pendent quadrangular branches. Leaves opposite,
distichous, large, short-petioled, long-oblong, acute, entire, cordate or rounded
at the V e. Panicles large, terminal, with opposite branches ; flowers large.
Calyx-tut*-' wide, adnate to the base of the ovary ; lobes 4-7, thick, valvate in
the bud. 7 tals 4-7, clawed, obovate, crisped and undulate, white. Stamens
very many, inserted on a perigynous ring. Ovary conical, 4-8-celled ; style

Ducibanga,'] lxi. lythracej:. (C. B. Clarke.) 579

bent, long, stigma capitate 4-8-lo"bed ; ovules very many, ascending, placentas
covering nearly the whole interior surface of the ovary-cells. Capsule globose
on the thick spreading calyx, coriaceous, perfectly or imperfectly 4-8-celled,
4-8-valved. Seeds innumerable, minute, ellipsoid, testa produced at both ends
in two tails much exceeding the length of the nucleus. — Distrib. Species 2,
extending from Nipal south-eastwards to the Philippines and Borneo.

l.*!D. sonneratioides, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii. 178 ; flowering
calyx nearly 1 in. wide at the base, petals 4-7 nearly 1 in., capsule 4-8-
valved. Hook. f. III. Him. PI. t. 11 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 525. Lagerstroemia
grandiflora, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 38 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 503 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 93; Wall.%
Cat. 2111 ; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 109. Leptospartion grandiflorum, Griff. Ic. PI.'
Asiat. t. 591.

Nipal to Mabtaban; alt. 500-3000 ft.; common in the Sikkim and Bhotan
Terai.

Tree attaining 100 ft. Leaves commonly 10 by 3| in; petiole usually £-£ in. —
D. moluccana differs by the calyx in flower much narrower at base, the petals 4 smaller,
the capsule 4-valved : but agrees closely in habit.

9. SOOEEATZA, Linn.f.

Trees, growing near the sea, glabrous. Leaves opposite, petioled, coriaceous,
entire. Floivers without bracts, large, three together at the summits of the
branches, or axillary solitary. Calyx thick, coriaceous ; lobes 4-8, lanceolate,
valvate. Petals 0 or as many as the calyx-lobes and linear-oblong. Stamens
very many, inserted in a circular band on the calyx-tube. Ovary nearly free, or
adnate at the base to the calyx-tube, many-celled ; style long, stigma capitate ;
ovules very many, ascending, placentas axile. Berry subglobose, supported by
the persistent calyx, 10-15-celled. Seeds very many, small, curved, angular;
cotyledons convolute. — Distrib. Species 4-5 on the tropical sea-shores of the
Eastern hemisphere.

f Stigma very large, umbrella-shaped.

1. S. apetala, Ham. in Syme Emb. Ava iii. 313, t. 25 ; leaves narrow-
oblong, calyx-lobes 4, petals 0, stigma more than £ in. broad, capsule £-$ in.
broad globose. DC. Prodr. iii. 231 ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 38 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 506 ;
Both Nov. Sp. 233; Wall. Cat. 3642; W. % A. Prodr. 327; Griff. Notid. iv.
650 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 527.

Common in the Soonderbun. Deccan Peninsula as far as the Concan, Law.
Transgangetic Peninsula to Moulmein, Falconer.

Tree attaining 40 ft., growing in mangrove swamps flooded by the tide. Leaves
3-4 by l-l£ in., always narrow, attenuated at the base ; petiole \ in. Calyx in
flower f in., style included or scarcely exsert. Capsule broader than high, convex at
the top, walls not thickened.

ft Stigma capitate, not very large.

2. S. acida, Linn. f. Suppl. 252; leaves oblong or narrowly obovate-
elliptic, calyx-lobes 6, petals 6 linear-oblong dark-red, capsule globose much de-
pressed often 2 in. broad. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 38 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 506 ; Roth Nov.
Sp. 233 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 231 ; Wall. Cat. 3641 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 327 ; Wight
Ic. t. 340 ; Griff. Notul. iv. 652 ; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 336 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i.
pt. i. 496 ; Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 98 ; Brand. For. Fl, 242 ; Kurz Far. Fl.

pp 2

580 lxi. LTiHRACEiE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Sonneratia.

i. 526. Rhizophora caseolaris, Linn. Sp. PL 635. Aubletia case^laris, Gaertn.
Fruct. i. t. 78. — Rheecle Jlort. Mai. iii. t. 40 ; Humph. Amb. iii. t. 74.

Bengal ; Griffith. Soonderbun ; C. B. Clarke. Kangoon, McClelland. Pegu ;
Kurz. Deccan Peninsula ; Bottler. Ceylon ; Thwaites. — Distrib. Java, Siam.

A small tree, not exceeding 15 ft. (Kurz), growing in mangrove swamps flooded
by the tide. Leaves 3-4 by 1-lf in., attenuate almost to the base so that the petiole
is subobsolete. Buds ellipsoid, calyx-tube not in the least angular. Calyx in" flower
1 in. or more ; style long-exserted sometimes 3 in. Capsule thick-walled, sometimes
more than 2 in. broad, concave at the summit. — The Kew specimens are all narrow-
leaved, the flowers 6-fid not 7-8-fid ; but the examples are few and it is probable
Jthat to the synonyms above cited should be added S. Pagatpat, obovata, evenia, lan-
ceolata for which see Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 496, 497.

3. S. G-riffithii, Kurz Pegu For. Report Append. B. 54 ; For. Fl. i. 527 ;
leaves broad obovate obtuse, calyx-tube not at all angular, lobes 6-8, petals 0.
S. alba, Griff. Notul. iv. 652 not Smith. ? S. neglecta, Plume Mus. Pot. i.
338.

Burma ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2433). Pegu and Tenasserim; Kurz.

Leaves 3 by 2\ in., narrowed at the base ; petiole more than ^ in. Buds flowers
and calyx exactly of 8. acida; calyx-tube ovoid, perfectly free from ribs, petals want-
ing. Fruit unknown. — This seems an apetalous form of S. acida, but the leaves
slightly differ from all the examples of that plant.

4. S. alba, Smith in Pees Cyclop, xxxiii. No. 2 ; leaves elliptic obtuse
or obovate narrowed to a short petiole, calyx-tube 6-8-angular (obscurely so
in the bud distinctly in fruit), lobes 6-8, petals 0, fruit broadly obconic. DC.
Prodr. iii. 231 ; Plume Mus. Pot. i. 338 ; Miq. FL Ind. Pat. i. pt. i. 497 ;
Kurz For. Fl. i. 526. S. mossambicensis, Klotzsch in Peters Peis. Mossamb.
Pot. t. 12. S. acida, Penth. in FL Austral, iii. 301 ; Hiern in Oliv. FL Trop.
Afr. ii. 48S.—Pumph. Amb. iii. t. 73.

Mergui; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2432). Pegu; Kurz. Malaya; MaingayNo.
654-2. — Distrib. Tropical shores of Africa with its islands, Malaya and Australia.

A small tree not exceeding 15 ft. (Kurz), growing in the saline littoral forests.
Leaves 3 in., oblong or nearly round, narrowed at the base; petiole ^-| in. Flowers
the size of S. acida, with a very long style. Fruit 1 in. broad, calyx obconical at the
base (not flat as in S. acida) ribbed as shown in Klotzsch' picture above cited. — This
species was united with S. acida by Mr. Bentham, and the other writers at Kew have
followed. Mr. Kurz has pointed out the distinction in the calyx ; and there is a
wide difference between the fruits so far as at present known ; but the material is not
ample.

10. PUNICA, iraw.

A large shrub ; branchlets round, often armed. Leaves opposite suboppo-
site or clustered, oblong or obovate, obtuse, entire. Flowers shortly pedicelled,
axillary, solitary or somewhat clustered, large, orange-red. Calyx-tube funnel-
shaped, coriaceous, adnate to the ovary below, enlarged above the ovary ; lobes
5-7, persistent on the fruit. Petals 5-7, lanceolate, wrinkled, inserted between
the calyx-lobes. Stamens very many, inserted round the mouth of the calyx.
Ovary inferior with many cells in two whorls ; style long, bent, stigma capitate ;
ovules very many, placentas in some cells axile in others parietal. Perry infe-
rior, globose, many-celled. Seeds very many, angular, testa coriaceous with a
watery outer co:.t ; cotyledons convolute.

Punica.] lxi. lythracejE. (C. B. Clarke.) 581

1. P. G-ranatum, Linn. Sp. PL 676; DC. Prodr. iii. 3; Roxb. HoH.
Beng. 38 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 409 ; Wall. Cat. 3659 ; W. § A. Prodr. 327 ; Wight
III. t. 97 ; Griff. Ic PL Asiat. t. 634 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 737 ; Brand. For.
FL 241 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 528. P. nana, Linn. ; Bot. Mag. 634

Cultivated throughout India ; probably wild in the north-west.— Distrib. Wild
in Cabul and Persia ; cultivated throughout the warmer regions of the globe.

Leaves commonly 2 by ^— | in., narrower at both ends especially at the base, intra-
marginal nerve distinct or obscure. Flowering calyx about 1 in., mouth f in. broad.
Petals ^ in. or more. Fruit often 2 in. diam., containing much red juice round the
seeds. (The Pomegranate.)

11. AXIHAN.DRA, Thwaites.

Trees, glabrous or nearly so, branches quadrangular or terete. Leaves opposite,
petioled, coriaceous, entire, acuminate, finely nerved beneath with an intramar-
ginal nerve. Racemes simple, axillary, erect, the 3-5 terminal panicled ;
flowers small, pedicels short ; bracteoles 3 at the base of each pedicel, minute,
linear. Calyx superior, 5-lobed. Petals 5, small, triangular, caducous, inserted
at the top of the calyx-tube. Stamens 10, in two whorls, 5 alternating with
the petals and 5 others inserted just below ; connective large ; anthers small,
subterminal. Ovary inferior, 5-6-celled ; style straight, stigma simple ; ovules
in each cell 1-2, erect. Capsule half-superior, woody, ellipsoid, below adnate
to the calyx-tube, above loculicidally 3-4 (rarely 5-6-) valved. Seeds erect,
oblong, compressed, produced upwards into a wing ; cotyledons flat. — Distrib.
Species 4-5 from Ceylon, Malacca and Borneo.

A. Eti-Axinandra. Petals convolute. Ovule 1 in each cell.

1. A. zeylanica, Thwaites in Hook. Kew Journ. vi. 66; branchlets
acutely quadrangular, leaves rounded at the base, petiole about ^ in., calyx-
tube without ribs, style very short. Bedd. FL Sylv. t. 207.

Ceylon; Ambagamowa district, alt. 1500 ft.; Thwaites.

A large tree, 50-60 ft. (Thwaites). Leaves 4 by 2 in., gradually or suddenly
acuminate. Racemes 2 in. ; pedicels less than £ in., hardly lengthened in fruit.
Calyx glabrous or microscopically puberulous. Petals falling off" in a cap before
expansion (Thwaites). Capsule 1 by § in. ; valves usually 3, very thick, woody.

B. Naxiandra, Baillon. Petals induplicate-valvate. Ovules 2 in each cell.

2. A. XMEaing'ayi, C. B. Clarke; branchlets terete, leaves narrowed at
the base, petiole often \ in., calyx-tube at the time of flowering 10-ribbed, style
long (exserted portion longer than the whole flower).

Malacca ; Maingay No. 654-2.

Leaves 4 by 2 in., gradually or suddenly acuminate. Racemes 2 in., more panicled
than in A. zeylanica, panicle-branches quadrangular. Calyx and pedicel minutely
puberulous, larger than in A. zeylanica. Petals expanding but caducous. Fruit not
s^en. — Closely allied to A. Beccariana, Baill. in Bull. Soc. IAnn. Paris 1877, No. 16,
127, which has rather slenderer racemes and smaller flowers, the calyx hardly ribbed
at the time of flower.

GENUS IMPERFECTLY KNOWN.

Dichotomanthes, K.urz in Seemann Journ. Bot. ix. 194, is a tree imperfectly known
possibly Lythraceous, collected by Dr. John Anderson in Yunan, as yet not found
within the limits prescribed for the Flora of British India.

582 lxii. onagracejE. (C. B. Clarke.)

Order LXII. ONAGRACEX. (By 0. B. Clarke, F.L.S.)

Herbs, rarely undershrubs, sometimes aquatic. Leaves opposite or alternate,
entire or toothed, undivided (in Trapa the submersed leaves pinnatipartite),
exstipulate. Flowers hermaphrodite, mostly axillary and solitary, or spiked or
racemed towards the ends of the branches ; subirregular. Calyx-tube wholly
adnate to the ovary (half-adnate in Trapa), limb of 2-5 valvate lobes. Petals
epigynous, alternate with the calyx-lobes, rarely 0. Stamens as many or twice
as many as the petals, inserted with them. Ovary inferior (half-inferior in
Trapa), 1-6-celled, most often 4-celled ; style 1, cylindric or subulate, stigma
capitate or nearly 2-Iobed or 4-fid ; ovules one or many in each cell, pendulous
or half-ascending, placentas axile. Fruit various, dehiscent or indehiscent,
membranous capsular or bony, 1- or several-celled, 1 or oc-seeded. Seeds with-
out albumen, or nearly so. — Distrib. Species 300, spread throughout the world,
most abundant in the North Temperate Zone.

(Enothera is an American genus of which several species are cultivated in India :
and among these (E. rosea has run wild in the North-west Himalaya and in the Nil-
ghiris ; (E. tetraptera and (E. odorata have also run wild on the Nilghiris.

* Seeds very many.

f Seeds comose 1. Epilobitjm.

ft Seeds not comose.

Stamens twice as many as calyx-lobes 2. Jussi^ea.

Stamens as many as calyx-lobes 3. Ludwioia.

** Seeds one or two.

Terrestrial. Stamens 2 4. Ciec^a.

Aquatic. Stamens 4 5. Teapa.

1. EFILOB3UZVI, Linn.

Herbs. Leaves alternate or opposite, undivided, entire or toothed. Floicers
axillary and solitary, or racemed or spiked towards the ends of the branches,
purple or white, regular or irregular. Calyx-tube scarcely produced above the
ovary, linear; teeth 4, lanceolate, deciduous. Petals 4, obovate, retuse or
notched. Stamens 8, epigynous, 4 shorter. Ovary inferior, 4-celled ; style
cylindric, stigmas 4 spreading or more or less combined ; ovules many, axile,
ascending, attached along a double placental vertical line in the inner angle of
each cell. Capsule linear, 4-celled, dehiscing from the apex loculicidally, valves
4 recurved from the seed-bearing quadrangular ^column. Seeds very many,
obovoid or ellipsoid, crowned by long silky hairs.— -Distrib. Species 50 ; spread
throughout the temperate and cold regions of the world, plentiful in New
Zealand : appearing in the mountains only of the warmer regions.

Sect. I. Chamaenerium. Flowers irregular. Stamens deflexed on one
side. Style bent on one side in aestivation.

3 . E. ang-ustifolium, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 745 ; leaves narrow
lanceolate glabrous beneath or nearly so reticulating nerves prominent primary,
nerves diverging nearly at right angles from the midrib, peduncles approximate

Epilobium.~\ lxii. onagracets. (C. B. Clarke.) 583

in long terminal spikes. E. spicatum, LamJc. Diet. ii. 373 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 40 ;
Wall. Cat. 6324.

Temperate Western Himalaya, alt. 8000-12,000 ft. ; from Kashmir and Baltis-
tan to GrRWHAL. — Distrib. Western Asia, Europe, North America.

Glabrous or nearly so, except the calyx-tube which is covered with close white
tomentum. Stem 2-4 ft. Leaves often 4-6 by f in., all scattered, nearly sessile,
acute, entire or obscurely denticulate. Spike of flowers soon naked, bracts narrow,
caducous. Calyx-segments lanceolate, acuminate, purplish, subpetaloid, free to the
base. Petals £-§ in., rose-purple, obovate, clawed. Style somewhat hairy above the
base; stigmas 4, distinct, spreading. Capsule 2|-3|- in., closely pubescent. Seed
narrowly obovoid, smooth, coma fulvous.

2. 22. reticulatum, C. B. Clarke ; leaves narrow-lanceolate pubescent
beneath reticulating nerves prominent primary nerves diverging at acute angles
from the midrib, peduncles distant in the axils of leaves that are not bractiibrm
nor caducous.

Sikkim ; alt. 10,000-14,000 ft. ; Lachoong and Kongra Lama ; J. D. H.

Stern round, uniformly pubescent, apparently of the height of that of E. angusti-
folium. Leaves 4 by f in., all scattered, nearly sessile, minutely denticulate, acute.
Calyx-segments broad-lanceolate, acuminate, purplish, subpetaloid, free to the base.
Petals ^-f in., rose-purple, obovate. Style densely hairy above the base; stigmas
4, distinct, spreading. Capsule (not ripe) 3 in. on a peduncle l£ in. — This species has
leaves somewhat like those of E. angustifolium but the inflorescence of E. latifolium.

3. E. latifolium, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 40 ; leaves oblong narrowed
at both ends glabrous or minutely pubescent without reticulating veins, pedun-
cles distant in the axils of leaves that are not bractiform nor caducous. E. spe-
ciosum, Dene, in Jacq. Voy. Pot. t. 69. E. Gerardianum, Wall. Cat. 6326.

Alpine Western Himalaya; alt. 11,000-14,000 ft. Kashmir; Jacquemont, C.
B. Clarke. Sirmork ; Gerard, Edgeworth. Kumaon ; Strachey <$f Winterbottom. —
Distrib. Daburia, Altai, Arctic Asia, Europe and America.

The typical plant is 1 ft. high and glabrous except the calyx-tube ; some of the
Himalayan examples have the stem pubescent apparently much taller and the leaves
minutely pubescent. Leaves 1^-3 by J-f in., scattered and opposite, entire or very
obscurely denticulate, obtuse rarely somewhat acute. Calyx-segments broad-lanceo-
late, acuminate, purplish, subpetaloid, free to the base. Petals ^-f in., rose-purple,
obovate. Style with a few scattered hairs above the base ; stigmas 4, distinct, spread-
ing. Capsule 3 in., closely pubescent. Seeds narrowly obovoid, smooth, coma
fulvous.

Sect. II. Lysimacliion. Floivers regular. Stamens and style erect.

* Stigma distinctly 4-cleft with spreading lobes.

4. IS. hirsutum, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 42 ; hairy, middle cauline leaves
ojJposite or alternate sessile obovate-lanceolate narrowed nearly to the base
denticulate-serrulate. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 746. E. serratum, Jacq. Journ.

Temperate Western Himalaya; alt. 5000-7000 ft. ; from Kashmir to Kumaon ;
Boyle, Madden, Jacquemont. T. ' Thomson, &c. — Distrib. Europe, Africa, Asia from
the Himalaya northwards and westwards.

Stem 2-5 ft., round, Uniformly hairy with glandular pubescence, and with scattered
long white hairs numerous towards the ends of the branches. Middle cauline leaves
usually opposite, often 3 in. or more by -| in., sessile, semi-amplexicaul but not decur-
rent as lines down the stem, green and softly pubescent on both surfaces. Sepals
green, oblong, acute in the expanded flower, in aestivation mucronate. Petals ^ in.
Stigmas 4, distinct, spreading. Capsule 2-31 in., hairy, lower peduncles £-1 in.

584 Lxn. ONAGRACE^}. (C. B. Clarke. ) [Epilobium.

Seeds ellipsoid or obovoid, 2| times as long as broad, little narrowed at the base, punc-
ticulate, not papillose, coma fulvous.

Var. sericeum, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 6325 (sp.) ; pubescence of the stem and leaves
densely white silky (not tomentose). E. tomentosum, Vent. Hart. Cds. t. 90. — Dis-
trib. the same as that of the typical E. hirsutum ; into which this variety graduates.

Var. latum, Wall. Cat. 6329 (sp.) in part; middle cauline leaves much smaller
often about 1 in. not semi-amplexicaui at the base little pubescent, no white silky
hairs on the plant. — Kashmir ; Jacquemont. Chumba, alt. 3000 ft. ; C. B. Clarke.
Kumaon ; Wallich ; near Almora, alt. 5000 ft. ; Strachey §• Winterbottom. Jul-
lundur, alt. 1000 ft; G. B. Clarke. — This plant has been from the leaves supposed
near E. tetragonum ; but the examples show the stigmas decisively spreading, so that
it is either a var. of E. hirsutum or a new species.

5. E. parviflorum, Schreb. ; DC. Trodr. iii. 43 ; middle cauline leaves
mostly opposite sessile oblong-lanceolate hairy, broadest part of the leaf in its
basal third portion. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 747.

Western Himalaya ; Edgeworth ; Simla, T. Thomson. — Distrib. West Asia,
Europe, North Africa.

Stem 2-3 ft., round, without lines, pubescent and with much crisped white hair.
Middle cauline leaves 1^-2 by ^— | in., dentate, pubescent over both surfaces. Sepals
green, oblong, acute, in the bud mucronate. Petals usually smaller than those of E.
hirsutum but are f in. in the Himalayan plant. Stigmas 4, distinct, spreading but
hardly revolute. Capsule 2-3£ in., sparingly hairy, lower peduncles ^-1 in. Seeds
ellipsoid or obovoid, 1\ times as long as broad, little narrowed at the base, punc-
tulate, not papillose, coma fulvous. — Seed exactly as that of E. hirsutum ; punctulate
by raised points, but these papillae excessively minute.

Vab. vestitum, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 6327 (sp.) ; stem and leaves with fulvous
shaggy hair, the stem itself somewhat glaucous. — Nipal ; Wallich.

** Stigmas combined or stigma clavate.

t Stem round, the haii'S sometimes in lines and the bases of the leaves some-
luhat decurrent in lines, but the stem not clearly quadrangular.

6. E. roseum, Schreb. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 749 ; stem uniformly hairy
or with hairy lines, leaves petioled (shortly in nearly all the Indian forms) from
ovate to narrow-lanceolate, seeds obovoid not fusiform nor gradually narrowed
at the top.

Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5000-11,000 ft.; common. — Distrib. West Asia and
Europe.

Var. indicum ; middle cauline leaves lanceolate or ovate with crisped pubescence on
the midrib beneath, lateral nerves slightly raised glabrous or hairy, capsules scattered
long-pedicelled, seed punctulate points raised most minutely. — Baltistnn and Kash-
mir to Kumaon, alt. 5000-11,000 ft., common. — Stem 2 ft., usually bairy all round,
sometimes with four well-marked lines. Middle cauline leaves 1-2 in. opposite some-
times ternate, sometimes glabrous beneath except the midrib, more often with crisped
hairs on the primary nerves also; petiole often less than £ in. but sometimes nearly
\ in. Peduncle of the lower capsules often 1 in. or more. Coma of the seed very white
in well-preserved examples, but often discoloured in others. — E. latum, Wall. Cat.
6329, belongs mainly to E. hirsutum. ; but some of it. belongs here and some to E.
tetragonum. Large quantities of the form of this plant with broad ovate leaves and a
petiole of \ in. or thereabout constitute E. montanum var. himalayense of Indian her-
baria: but in all these the style is unmistakably clavate, not at all (or most obscurely)
lobed at the summit.

Var. Dalhousieanum ; capsules often approximate, the lowest with a very short
peduncle, seed rather narrowly ellipsoid prominently papillose. — From Kashmir to
Sikkim, alt, 6000-9000 ft. ; abundant about Dalhousie. — Stem round, uniformly pu-

Epilobium."] lxii. onagfaceje. (C. B. Clarke.) 585

bescent. Capsule* typically in erect clusters, lowest peduncle usually less than \ in.
— This is one of the best marked forms of Indian Epilobiums and may be a good spe-
cies ; it is common in herbaria marked E. montanum var., or E. origanifolium var. (by
H. f. & T., roseum var.).

Var. anagallidifolium, Lamk. (sp.) in Syme Engl. Bot. t. 506 ; stem 4-12 in. gla-
brous near the base with hairy lines in the middle uniformly minutely pubescent near
the top, leaves small oblong obtuse nearly glabrous beneath, seeds most minutely
papillose. — West Tibet ; Thomson. — Agrees exactly with the figure of Syme : reduced
to E. alpinum Linn, in Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 750 and in Hk.f. Student's Brit. Fl. 145.
It differs slightly from E. alpinum by the less elongate seed very obtuse at the
summit and the more petioled leaves ; but runs into var. indicum.

Var. cylindricum, Don Prodr. (sp.) 222 ; stem glabrescent often with distinct
hairy lines, leaves linear-lanceolate on longer petioles very little pubescent, capsules
long-peduncled, seeds obovoid most minutely papillose. DC. Prodr. iii. 43 ; Wall.
Cat. 6328.— From Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 6000-10,000 ft.— This plaDt has numerous
axillary short branchlets covered with linear-lanceolate leaves and has thus a general
resemblance to E. palustre, but the petioles are long and the seeds not elongate.

7. Z2. XZookeri, C. B. Clarke ; stem without lines uniformly pubescent,
middle cauline leaves opposite nearly sessile elliptic-oblong broad or rounded at
the base, glabrous beneath except the greatly raised nerves, seeds ellipsoid.
Epilobium No. 11, Herb. Ind. Or., H.f. § T.

Khasia Mts., alt. 3000-6000 ft., common. — Distrib. Japan.

Stem 2-3 ft., quite round, usually thick set with leaves. Leaves \\ by ^ in., den-
ticulate; nerves much impressed above, elevated and covered with crisped pubescence
beneath. Petals \ in., purple. Stigma cl&vnte, elongate. Capsules 2-3 in., scattered,
lewe ■ peduncles often \ in. Seeds obtuse, not narrowed at the apex, only slightly
narrowed at the base, most minutely papillose, coma fulvous.

8. 32. kfeasianum, C. B. Clarke; stem without lines uniformly villose,
middle cauline leaves opposite subsessile elliptic-oblong villous over both sur-
faces, seeds ellipsoid. Epilobium No. 6, Herb. Ind. Or., H.f. fy T.

Khasia Mts., alt. 4500-5500 ft.; T. Lobh, Griffith, H.f. $ T., C. B. Clarke.

Stem 2-3 ft., quite round. Leaves 1^ by $ in., approximate, clothed with tawny
hair, nerves impressed. • Petals ^ in. and upwards. Stigma clavate, very obscurely
lobed. Capsules 2-3 in., scattered, little pubescent, lower peduncles ^-1 in. Seeds
obtuse, not narrowed at the summit, only slightly narrowed at the base, most mi-
nutely papillose, coma fulvous. — This differs from E. Hookeri in its villous indu-
mentum and very large flowers, but may be a form of it. It also in its hairiness and
shape of the leaves resembles E. parviflorum var. vestitum ; but the stigma in E.
khasianum is hardly lobed.

9. E. palustre, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 43 ; stem without lines glabrous
or with scanty sparse pubescence, leaves narrow-oblong rarely elliptic sessile or
nearly so glabrous or nearly so, seeds (in the Indian forms) obovoid not nar-
rowed upwards. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 748.

Northern Kashmir and Baltistan; alt. 8000-14,000 ft.; T. Thomson, C. B.
Clarke. — Distrib. Northern Asia, Europe and America ; but the Indian three forms
all recede from the European type in their abbreviated seeds.

Var. typicum; stem 8-10 in., middle cauline leaves 1-1 j by ^ in., entire or
scarcely dentate, capsules 2 in., scattered, lower peduncle often | in., seeds ellipsoid,
not at all narrowed at top not greatly narrowed at the base most minutely papillose,
coma fulvous. — This form agrees closely with the European type, but the seed is
entirely without the beak or production of the testa at the apex.

Var. majus ; stem 1-2 ft., middle cauline leaves 2-3 in. often much denticulate
sometimes petioled and sometimes broader elliptic when the plant can only be uis-

586 lxli. onagrace2E. (.C. B. Clarke.) [Epihbium.

% tinguished from E. roseum var. indicum by its greater glabrousness and obtuser
leaves.

Var. minimum ; stem 3-4 in. with 1-2 capsules, flowers and leaves very small.
— This in general appearance coincides with E. alpinum, Linn, but the seeds are
broadly obovoid not at all elongate upwards.

10. XS. orig-anifoimm, Lamk. Diet. ii. 376 ; middle cauline leaves
opposite sessile or very shortly petioled ovate or ovate-oblong, seeds elongate
narrow obovoid somewhat narrowed at the top. DC. Prodr. iii. 41 ; Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 750.

Alpine Himalaya, alt. 9000-14,000 ft. ; from Kashmir to Sikkim. — Distrib.
Northern cool temperate and Arctic zone.

Greatly varying in the size of stem, leaves and flowers. Stem usually 8 in., some-
times 2 ft., usually with 2 hairy lines, sometimes exactly terete and uniformly pubes-
cent. Middle cauline leaves usually 1 in., sessile, ovate, pubescent only on the
somewhat raised nerves beneath ; but the leaves are sometimes petioled, nearly 3 in.,
pubescent, sometimes ^ in. sessile glabrous. Flowers usually few, approximated
towards the ends of the branches. Petals usually less than \ in. ; in the var. E. Ba-
lansce Boiss. (collected by J. D. H. also in Sikkim) the petals exceed f in. Capsule
1^-3 in., peduncle also variable in length. Seed minutely puncticulate, coma
fulvous.

Var. villosum ; stem villous, leaves f-1 in. villous over both surfaces sessile ovate.
— Sikkim, alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. ; Latong, J. B. H. Epilobium No. 7, Herb. Ind. Or.
H. f. $ T. — Stems 4-8 in., little divided. Leaves acute, nearly all opposite. Flowers
few, approximated, not large. Stigma clavate. Capsule half-ripe, seeds not seen. — A
remarkable plant. The lowest leaves are small thick obovate rounded glabrous,
greatly resembling the similar leaves in E. origanifolium.

11. X*. alpinum, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 41 ; stems weak somewhat pu-
bescent, middle cauline leaves opposite small subsessile narrow-elliptic glabrous
or pubescent on the nerves beneath, flowers few towards the end of the
branches, Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 750.

Sikkim; alt. 12,000 ft.; Lachen, J. B. H.; Jongri, C.B. Clarice.

Stems 2-10 in., slender, scarcely divided. Middle cauline leaves \-\ in., denticu-
late obscurely or prominently, scarcely acute. Capsule \\ in", peduncle \-\ in, Seeds
minutely papillose, narrowly ellipsoid, little narrowed at the summit ; coma silky,
white. — This is perhaps E. alpinum of Boissier but is not the ordinary European plant
which has a beaked seed as described in Hk. f. Student's British Flora, p. 145 ; the
European examples also have a fulvous coma.

ft Stem clearly quadrangular.

12. E. tetragfonum, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 43; middle cauline leaves
mostly opposite oblong or narrow-elliptic glabrous but with crisped hair on the
raised nerves beneath usually denticulate-serrulate rarely acute. Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 748. E. brevifolium, Don Prodr. 222.

Sikkim, alt. 5000-12,000 ft., very common. Khasii Mts., alt, 4000-6500 ft.,
common. — Distrib. Cold and cool temperate zones of both hemispheres, and at
temperate elevations on mountains in the warmer zones.

Stems 1-3 ft., with crisped pubescence on the four angles. Middle cauline leaves
opposite, |-2 in., usually sessile, but in some Indian examples distinctly petioled, nerves
beneath raised often very prominently, above much impressed. Flowers rose or pur-
ple, rather small. Capsule 1^-2 in. ; peduncle A_i. in. Seeds narrowly elliptic, not
narrowed at the summit, very little narrowed at the base, minutely papillose,
coma fulvous.

Epilobium.] lxii. onagrace^. (C. B. Clarke.) 587

Var. ? amplectens, Wall. Cat. 6330 ; stem obscurely quadrangular or the bases of
the leaves confluent and decurrent in two hairy lines, leaves nearly sessile often
somewhat rounded at the base. — Kumaon ; Wallich. Sikkim, alt. 10,000-13,000 ft.
(Tungu and Lachen) ; J. D. H.

Except that the hairy lines down the stem are strongly marked this plant might
be E. origanifolium above.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

E. laxum, Royle III. p. 211, t. 43. The figure shows the stem uniformly hairy,
while the letterpress states that there are four lines on the stem.

2. JUSSZSA, Linn.

Herbs or undershrubs, growing usually in swamps. Leaves alternate, undi-
vided, mostly entire. Flowers yellow or white, axillary, solitary ', pedicel usu-
ally 2-bracteate at the apex. Calyx-tube scarcely produced above the ovary,
linear; teeth. 4-6, acute, persistent. Petals 4-6, epigynous. Stamens double
the number of petals, epigynous. Ovary inferior, 4-5-celled ; style simple,
usually very short, stigma 4-5-lobed ; ovules oo, axile, in several vertical rows
at the inner ang.e of each cell. Capsule linear, round or angular, 4-5-celled,
8-10-ribbed, opening septicidally in valves separating from the persistent ribs
or irregularly between the ribs. Seeds very many, without coma. — Distrib.
Species 30, in the tropics of the whole world, most numerous in America.

1. J. repens, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 54: creeping or floating, leaves ob-
ovate or oblanceolate obtuse narrowed into the petiole, petals 5 (rarely 6) white
the veins at base slightly yellow, capsule woody, seeds quadrate with a white
corky testa. Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 305 ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33 ; Fl.
Lnd. ii. 401 ; Wall. Cat. 6331 ; Hook. Pot. Misc. iii. 300, t. 40 ; W.8f A. Prodr.
336; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 628;' Gibs. <y Dalz. Bomb. Fl. 98 ; Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 751 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 90. J. fluviatilis, Blume
Bijd. 1132; DC. I.e. J. Swartziana, DC. I.e. J. floribunda, Griff. Notul. iv.
688. Oubospermum palii3tre, Lour. Fl. Cochinc. 337. — Rheede Hort. Mai. ii. t.
51. — Probably Jussisea diffusa, Forsk. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 488 with many
others.

Throughout India with Ceylon ; very common. — Distrib. The warmer parts of
the whole world.

Herbaceous, often creeping on the margins of tanks, the stems also spreading on
the water and sustaining themselves on the surface by white vesicles ^—1^ in. Leaves
very variable in size, £-3 in., usually glabrous sometimes hairy, upper usually
1-2 in., nearly always obtuse in the Indian examples. Pedicel usually as long as the
capsule, sometimes quite short. Petals about \ in., obovate. Capsule |— 1| in., linear-
cylindric, glabrous or with scattered hairs. Seeds smooth, reticulated.

2. J. suffruticosa, Linn.) DC. Prodr. iii. 58; erect, leaves lanceolate,
petals 4 all yellow, capsule not woody, seeds subhemispheric, testa with a
prominent raphe shining brown not corky. Wall. Cat. 6334 ; Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. pt. i. 628 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 90. J. exaltata, Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 33 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 401. J. villosa, Lamk. Diet. iii. 331 ; JjC. Prodr.
iii. 57; Wall, Cat. 6333; W. £ A. Prodr. 336; Gibs. $ Dalz. Bomb. Fl. 98.
J. fruticosa, DC. I. c. J. scabra, Willd. ; DC. I. c. J. Burmanni, and octo-
phila, DC. I. c. J. longipes, Griff. Notul. iv. 689. J. decumbens, Wall. Cat.
6322. J. angustifolia, Lamk. Diet. iii. 331 and III. t. 280, fig. 3; DC. Prodr.
iii. 55 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 627. Epilobium fruticosum, Lour. Fl.
Cochinc. 226.— Rheede Hort. Mai ii. t. 50.

.588 lxii. ONAGRACEiE. (0. B. Clarke.) [Jussicea.

In all Inma except the western desert region ; and in Ceylon. — Distrtb. The
warmer moist parts of the whole world.

Erect, branching, sometimes 4-6 ft. Leaves 3 by f in., more or less villous
(rarely in Indian examples subglabrous), sometimes short, ovate-lanceolate, sometimes
nearly linear, shortly- petioled or sessile. Pedicel very short, bracts inconspicuous,
or (in var. bract eata of Bottler) foliaeeous, 1 in. Petals %— ^ in. Capsule 1-2 in.,
linear-cylindric, more or less villous or finally glabrous, 8-ribbed, membranous,
breaking up between the ribs.— The form called J. angustifolia which has very
narrow nearly glabrous leaves is found in Burma and thence to Australia, but there
are no examples from Cis-Oangetic India.

3. LVDWIGIA, Linn.

Herbs. Leaves alternate, undivided, subentire. Flowers usually axillary,
solitary, sessile or nearly so, peduncle 2-bracteate at its apex. Calyx-tube
scarcely produced above the ovary, linear in the Indian species ; teeth 3-5, acute,
persistent. Petals 3-5 (or 0), epigynous. Stamens equal in number to the
calyx-segments, epigynous. Ovary inferior, 4-5-celled ; style simple, stigma
capitate ; ovules very many, attached in 2 or more vertical rows to the inner
angle of each cell. Capsule linear or oblong (in the Indian species), 4-5-celled,
opening by terminal pores or breaking up irregularly along the sides. Seeds
numerous, obovoid, smooth, raphe obscure or prominent but not large, without
coma. — Distrib. Species 20, mostly in North America ; extending from the
cool temperate zone to the equator ; chiefly inhabiting marshes.

1. Za. parviflora, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 11; Fl. Lnd. i. 419; capsule ^ by
£-^2 in. linear-oblong, seeds in many rows in each cell, raphe obscure. DC.
Prodr. iii. 59 ; Wight III. t. 101 ; W. cy A. Prodr. 336 ; Dak 8r Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 99 ; Benth. Fl. Austral, iii. 307 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 752 ; Kurz in Journ.
As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 91. L. lythroides, Blume Bijd. 1134; DC. l.v. D.
jussiaeoides, WalL Cat. 6335 not of Linn, and others.

Throughout India and Ceylon ; common in rice fields and other moist places. —
Distrib. Malaya. North Australia. Persia. Abyssinia.

Erect, 8-24 in., glabrous. Leaves 2-3 by £-| in., lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
narrowed to the base. Flowers very shortly pedicelled, commonly 4-fid. Petals
small, yellow. Capsule inflated, smooth, the seeds not separately distinguishable
through its walls.

2. X<. prostrata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 11 ; Fl. Ind. i. 420 ; capsule $»-§ by
— in. linear, seeds in one row in each cell, raphe narrow but prominent. DC.
Prodr. iii. 59 ; Wight Ic. t. 762 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 91. L.
diffusa, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 301 Wall. Cat. 6336. DC. 1. c. L.
fruticulosa, Blume Bijd. 1133; DC. I.e. Nemato pyxis prostrata, pusilla, and
fruticulosa, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 630.

North-West India; Royle. Assam. Silhet. Rangoon. Ceylon. Madras?
Heyne in Herb. Bottler. — Distrib. Malaya, Japan.

Prostrate, or decumbent and then erect, 8-24 in., glabrous. Leaves 2-3 by £-f
in., lanceolate, narrowed to the base. Flowers sessile, 4-fid. Capsule not inflated, the
walls drawn tightly over the seeds so that each seed can be counted from without. —
This species of Roxburgh's was extricated by Mr. Bentham in Fl. Austral, iii. 308,
where the synonymy is cleared up. Some of the Silhet examples however have some
of the capsules very like those of L. parviflora, and others inflated for half their
length like L. parviflora, and for the other half linear constricted like L. prostrata.
The two species are identical except as to their capsules and seeds.

Circcea.] lxii. onaqraceje. (C. B. Clarke.) 589

4. CIRCZEA, Linn.

Herbs. Leaves opposite, petioled, ovate, sinuate-dentate, membranous.
Flowers small, white, pedicelled, in terminal and lateral peduncled racemes,
finally lax ; pedicels spreading, with minute-subulate (or 0) bracts at their base.
Calyx-tube ovoid, scarcel} produced above the ovary, limb bipartite. Petals 2,
obcordate, 2-lobed, epigynous. Stamens 2, epigynous. Ovary inferior, 1-2-
celled ; style filiform, stigma capitate almost 2-lobed ; ovules attached to the
inner angle of the cells, solitary or rarely 2 superimposed. Fruit small, pyri-
forrn, subcoriaceous, indehiscent, 1-2-celled. Seeds 1 in each cell, ellipsoid.. —
Distrib. Species 2 or 3, in subarctic and cool temperate regions of the northern
hemisphere, extending southwards to the tropics on mountains.

1. C. lutetiana, Linn. ; D C. Prodr. iii. 63; leaves ovate-lanceolate more
oi less pubescent not pellucid, fruit 2-seeded narrowed at the base patent-de-
flexed shorter than its pedicel covered with long hooked hairs. Lamk. III. t.
16, fig. 1; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 753. 0. repens, Wall. Cat. 6341.

Temperate Himalaya from Kitmaon to Sikkim, alt. 7000-10,000 ft. ; WaJlick,
Major Madden, J.D.H., T. Thomson-, examples few. — Distrib. The northern hemi-
sphere, extending south to near the tropic of Cancer.

Stems 1-2 ft., erect or decumbent at the base only, puberulous or pubescent.
Leaves 2 by 1-1£ in., long.-petioled, rounded or narrowed at the base. Bracts 0.
Petals white or pinkish. Fruit £ in., obovoid, the hooked hairs usually longer than
half the width of the fruit. — The C. repens of Wallich agrees closely with the
European common type ; the stem is decumbent for a short space at the base only.

2. C. cordata, Boyle HI. t. 43 ; leaves ovate-lanceolate cordate at the
base more or less pubescent not pellucid, fruit 2-seeded broad-elliptic patent-
deflexed little longer than broad from a broad rounded unequal base covered
with long hooked hairs, not shorter than its pedicel.

Western Himalaya ; Boyle ; alt. 7000-8000 ft. ; T. Thomson. Kashmir, C. B.
Clarke. Simla, Jacquemont ; Dalhousie, Chumba, alt. 7000-9000 ft. plentiful, C. B.
Clarke. — Distrib. Mandshuria, Japan.

Stems 1-2 ft., stouter and more hairy than of E. lutetiana, erect. Leaves 3-^ by
2 in., sometimes larger ; petiole often \\ in. Bracts 0. Petals yellow (ex Eoyle)
and appear so in the dried examples. Fruit scarcely £ in., nearly or quite as much
broad, the two carpels at the base generally descending unequally on the pedicel.

3. C. alpina, Linn.; DC. Prodr. iii. 63; leaves ovate glabrous or slightly
pubescent often pellucid, fruit 1-seeded narrowed at the base shorter than its
pedicel, glabrous or not densely hairy. Lamk. III. t. 16, fig. 2 ; Wight III.
t. 101* ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 753. O. intermedia, Wall. Cat. 6342.

Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 7000-11,000 ft., not rare.
Khasia Mts., alt. 4500-6000 ft. Nilghiris and Pulney Mts., alt. 7000 ft.— Distrib.
The Temperate Northern hemisphere.

"Erect, 6-8 in., typically nearly glabrous. Leaves | in., and about equally broad,
long-petioled, rounded or cordate at the base, often deeply sinuate-toothed subangu-
lose, glabrous or pubescent on the nerves. Bracts minute, subulate, sometimes ob-
scure. Petals white. Fruit less than £ in , obovoid, sometimes nearly glabrous,
sometimes with many hooked hairs, but the hairs neither so many yellow nor long as
commonly are those of C. lutetiana.

Var. himalaica; stem taller 10-18 in., leaves much larger 1£ in. more pubescent
not pellucid. — In the Himalaya only ; the type of Wallich's C. intermedia. This plant
has only one seed to the fruit and differs only in trivial characters from C. alpina.
•

590 lxii. onagrace.e. (C. B. Clarke.) [Trapa.

5. TRAP A, Linn.

Floating herbs. Leaves dimorphic ; submersed opposite, root-like, pinnati-
partite, with filiform segments ; emersed rosulate, rhomboidal, the petiole with
a spongy dilatation near its apex. Flowers axillary, solitary, peduncled. Calyx-
tube short, adnate to the lower part of the ovary; limb 4-partite, 2 or all the
segments persistent and becoming spinescent on the fruit. Petals 4, white,
small, inserted at the margin of an epigynous disc. Stamens 4. Ovary half-
inferior, with a conical vertex, 2-celled ; style subulate, stigma capitate ; ovule
solitary in each cell, pendulous from the upper inner angle. Fruit bony,
1-celled, large, obovoid, with 4 angles, 2 or all of which carry spines, indehis-
cent, with a short cylindric beak at the top through which the radicle is pro-
truded. Seed 1, inverse, cotyledons very unequal. — Distrib. Species 2, ex-
tending through the warmer parts of the Old World, from Central Europe to
China and to Tropical Africa.

1. T. hispinosa, Roxb. Cor. PI. 234 ; Hort. Beng. 11 ; JFY. Lnd. i. 428 ;
leaves usually very villous beneath, fruit with 2 angles spinescent. DC. Prodr.
iii. 64 ; Wall. Cat. 6339 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 337 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
636 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 99 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 91. T.
quadrispinosa, Wall. Cat. 6340 not Roib. — Rheede Hort. Mai. xi. t. 33.

Throughout India and Ceylon. — Distrib. South-eastern Asia and Malaya ; Tro-
pical Africa.

In the Koxburghian type, floating leaves 2 by 2A-- 3 in., very villous beneath, pos-
terior margin entire, anterior lightly crenate ; petiole 4-6 in., woolly. Fruit f in.
long and broad, glabrous or hairy ; two opposite angles each with an often retrorsely
scabrous spine, the other two angles sometimes obsolete. — Very doubtfully distinct
from the next species as Wallich has noted on his specimens.

Var. incisa, Wall. ; leaves much smaller about f in. much less villous beneath
incise serrate on the anterior margin. — Marked also T. quadrispinosa by Wallich ;
but though the leaves are the leaves of T. natans, the fruit is that of T. bispinosa.

2. T. natans, Linn. ; DC. P?'odr. iii. 63 ; leaves sparingly villous on the
nerves beneath, fruit with all 4 angles carrying spines. Lamk. III. t. 75 ; Boiss.
Fl. Orient, ii. 753. T. quadrispinosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 11 ; Fl. Ind. i. 451 ;
DC. I. c.

Kashmir; Falconer, Jacquemont. Silhet; Roxburgh (but no example thence at
Kew). — Distrib. Persia to Central Europe and the Upper Nile.

Floating leaves 1 in., dentate or incise-dentate on the anterior margin ; petiole
2-4 in., glabrescent. Fruit f in. broad, the 4 angles all spinescent but the two lateral
spines shorter.

Order LXIII. SAMYDACE2E. (By C. B. Clarke, F.L.S.)

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, often distichous, petioled occasionally
subsessile, simple, entirely or lightly crenate or serrate, often closely punctulate
beneath ; stipules small, deciduous. Flowers regular, small, axillary, shortly
pedicelled, densely fascicled or in long simple or panicled racemes. Calyx
coriaceous, persistent ; tube short, free, or longer and adnate to the ovary ;
limb 3-7-fid. Petals as many as the calyx-lobes (or 0), perigynous, imbricated.
Stamens definite or indefinite, often with staminodes between or united in a
tube with them. Ovary superior or half-superior, 1-celled ; style 1, capitate or

•

Cascaria.'] lxiii. samydace^. (C. B. Clarke.) 591

3-fid at the apex, or styles 2-5 ; ovules many or several, placentas 2-5 (usually
3)', parietal. Fruit loculicidally 2-5- (usually 3-) valved, valves carrying the
seeds on their medial line. Seeds several (usually few sometimes many), oblong
or angular, albuminous, usually drilled. — Distkib. Species 150, scattered
through the tropical regions of the globe, rarely also in the subtropical.

Petals 0, flowers in axillary fascicles 1. Casearia.

Petals 0, racemes slender in a terminal panicle 2. Osmelia.

Petals present, racemes axillary and terminal 3. Homalium.

1. CASE2LRXA, Jacq.

Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, distichous, petioled, undivided, en-
tire or slightly serrate, often minutely punctate beneath ; stipules small, lateral,
caducous. Flowers small, greenish-yellow, clustered in the axils (in the Indian
species) ; pedicels short, jointed above their bas-e, surrounded by small scales.
Calyx inferior, deeply 4-5-lobed ; lobes imbricate, obtuse, persistent. Petals 0.
Stamens double the number of calyx-lobes or thereabout, united in a tube
with stamit odes alternating with the free portion of the filaments; staminal
tube hypogynous, sometimes very short so that the filaments are nearly or quite
free. Ovary free, ovoid, 1-celled ; style simple ; stigma capitate or 3-fid. ; ovules
many, parietal. Capsule succulent, globose or ovoid, ellipsoid (when dry some-
what 3-angular or 6-ribbed), 3- rarely 2-valved. Seeds many, angular or obo-
void, with a fleshy usually coloured aril ; embryo straight. — Distkib. Species
80, in the warmer parts of the whole globe, most plentiful in America.

* Adult leaves and petioles glabrous.

1. C. glomerata, JRoxb. Hort. Beng. 33; Fl. Ind. ii. 419; leaves lan-
ceolate or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate denticulate or crenate often obscurely
and minutely so but never quite entire, acute or obtuse but not rounded cordate
at the base, pedicels with minute vellow hair, fruit £ in., ellipsoid. DC. Prodr.
ii. 49 ; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 122 ; not of Kurz Flor. Fl. i. 530. 0. ovate, Wall.
Cat. 7192 E, not of Roxb.

Sikkim, Bhotan and Khasia, alt. 3000-5000 ft., common. — Distrib. Hong Kong
(and probably Malaya, for the examples of C. glahrata Miq. collected in Sumatra ap-
pear C. glomerata).

A shrub, or in interior Sikkim a tree 20-30 ft.; branchlets somewhat angular,
glabrous, not or but little lenticellate. Leaves commonly 4 by if in. (in Sikkim fre-
quently 9 in.) ; petiole \ in. Pedicels usually very many, i in. Calyx small, more or
less pubescent in the bud. Stamens 7-10, staminodes yellow. —A plant collected in
Sikkim by Mr. Kurz. marked " C. glabra," has bark densely uniformly lenticellate,
petioles £~ in. and the young buds and pedicels without the smaller yellow hairs ;
it can scarcely be Eoxburgh's C. glabra from the Moluccas and which is not repre-
sented in the Kew Herbarium.

2. C. leucolepis, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, pt. i. 463 ;

leaves oblong acute crenulate base rounded unequal, pedicels with minute grey
hairs. ? C. viridiflora Lamk. Diet. vi. 493.

Singapore ; T. Lobb. — Distrib. Java, Philippines.

Branchlets nearly glabrous. Leaves 5-6 by 2 in. ; petiole ^ in. Pedicels \ in. ;
buds minutely hairy, larger than those of C. glomerata. — There is a doubt whether
Thos. Lobb's No. 468 on which Turczaninow founded the species was not collected at
Luzon instead of Singapore. If so the species has not yet been found in British India.

592 lxiii. samydace^:. (C. B. Clarke.) [Casearia.

Also, Turczaninow's descriptioa is not correct as to the absolute glabrousness of the
species. The sepals and tips of the branchlets of Lobb No. 468 are minutely pubes-
cent ; and the examples of C. angustata, Teys. $• Binn. (see Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
710) only differ by being slightly more pubescent. Lastly, the whole does not differ
from C. glomerata so much as C. glomerata if cultivated at Singapore might be ex-
pected to vary from the Sikkim type.

3. C. graveolens, Dalz. in Honk. Journ. Bot. iv. 107 ; leaves elliptic
obtuse or shortly acute more or less crenate, base of the calyx pubescent,
pedicel above the articulation glabrous, fruit f in. ellipsoid. Dalz. fy Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 11 ; Brand. For. FL 243. 0. Hamiltoni, Wall, Cat. 7195 chiefly.
0. macrosryna, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, pt. i. 463 ; Kurz in Journ.
As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 92 ; For. Fl. i. 529.

Gurwhal and Kumaon; Boyle, Wallich, §c. Sikkim ; alt. 1500 ft., C. B. Clarke.
Deccan Peninsula, especially the western side, common ; Wight, &c. Burma ;
McClelland, Kurz.

A shrub, or tree 20 ft. ; branchlets glabrous to the final stipules. Leaves (in the
type) 4 by 2f in., broadly elliptic, little acuminate, rounded at the base ; petiole ^in. ;
but the leaves are often narrower, almost lanceolate, and acute at the base. Pedicels
usually short, sometimes £ in., jointed at or above the base, aureo-pubescent below
the articulation glabrous above to near the base of the calyx. Calyx always pubes-
cent at the base, above sometimes densely aureo-pubescect sometimes glabrous. — This
species is to be separated from C. glomerata by the pedicel glabrous above its articu-
lation and by its geographic locality ; from C. esculenta by its less entire less thick
leaves and the calyx pubescent at its base. As to the Wallichian Number quoted :
in the large paper type, Wall. Cat. 7195, A and one sheet of B is C. graveolens; the
other part of B does not belong to the genus. The Burmese plant is distributed by
Mr. Kurz under the name C. Hamiltoni, Wall, correctly: but in Journ. As. Soc. and
For. Fl. he has changed the name to C. Canziala, Wall, (see 10. C. tomentosa.) Now
Roxburgh says his C. ovata has the leaves downy beneath, whereas' Mr. Kurz savs
(truly) that his plant has all parts glabrous: Wallich's own Canziala is hairy.

4. C. esculenta, Rovb. Fl. Ind. ii. 422 ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate en-
tire acute at the base or at least not rounded, pedicel above its articulation and
calyx glabrous, fruit |-f in. ellipsoid. O. laevigata, Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot.
iv. 107 ; Dalz. 8c Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 11. C. Ohampionii and zeylanica, Thtoaites
Fnum. p. 19. O. varians, Thwaites Enum. 19 at least as regards var. a; Bedd,
FL Sylv. t. 208.

Malabar, from Bombay to Kurg, frequent. Ceylon, plentiful ; Thwaitcs.
Moulmein and Singapore, Lobb. Griffith, Maingay.

A shrub or small tree, branches glabrous. L?aves 3-6 by 1-2 in., broad-lanceolate,
narrowed to both ends, entire or most obscurely crenate, thick, subcoriaceous ; petiole
$-^ in. Pedicels short, usually less than \ in. in fruit, jointed at the base. Carpels 2,
with 2-fid stigma (Thwaites No. 2604, 2657); but carpels often 3 (see Beddome Fl.
Sylv. 208). — C. Championii Thwaites with very entire coriaceous acuminated leaves is
exactly the form sent from Moulmein and Singapore.

Var. angusta ; leaves narrow-lanceolar 4 by 1 in. — Ceylon ; Thwaites No. 2603
reduced with hesitation to C. esculenta by Mr. Bentham in Fl. Austral, iii. 309.

5. C. coriaeea, Thwaites Fnum. 20; leaves obovate obtuse or rounded
at the vertex entire, pedicel above its articulation and calyx glabrous, fruit
i-f in. ellipsoid. C. varians var. y obovata Thwaites l. c.

Ceylon, alt. 6000-8000 ft. ; Thwaites, Gardner, Walker.

A small tree, branches glabrous. Leaves 2 in!, much narrowed at the base ; petiole
I in. Carpels always 2 ( Thwa.itr.xY

Casearia.'] lxiii. samydace^:. (C. B. Clarke.) 593

6. C. rubescens, Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 108 ; leaves elliptic-
lanceolate entire acute or obtuse base not rounded, pedicels minutely pubescent,
fruit | in. and upwards ellipsoid. Dalz. $- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 11.

Bombay Ghauts, Concan and Kurg ; Balzell, Stocks, Ritchie,

A shrub 4-6 ft. (Dalzell) ; branches glabrous to the final stipules. Leaves 4^ by

2^ in., acuminated, coriaceous often ruddy (but not more so than some examples of

C. esculenta) ; petiole \ in. Pedicels short, usually less than \ in., jointed at the base.

Calyx-lobes broad, minutely pubescent. — This species is here distinguished from C.

esculenta solely by the minute pubescence of the pedicels.

7. C. macrocarpa, C. B. Clarke ; leaves narrowly lanceolate, pedicels
glabrous, fruit 1£ by £ in.

Pinang; Maingay 660-2.

Branchlets reddish, glabrous. Leaves 5 by ] \ in., entire, acute at both ends, red-
dish, reticulate, shining ; petiole \ in. Pedicels few, not exceeding \ in., glabrous,
reddish, buds glabrous. Seeds % in., obovoid, compressed.

8. C. albicans, Wall. Cat. 7197 ; leaves oblong acute at both ends,
pedicels glabrous, fruit 2 by 1£ in. ovoid bright yellow when ripe {Maingay).

Pinang ; Wallich. Malacca ; Maingay, No. 660.

Branchlets thick, glabrous, striate. Leaves 9 by 2| in., entire, coriaceous, nerves
much raised beneath ; petiole § in. Pedicels clustered, \ in., buds glabrous. — It is
possible that this species may prove a variety of the preceding, but the loaves are much
broader, the fruit ovoid (instead of narrowly ellipsoid) as noted by Dr. Maingay.

** Adult leaves on the midrib beneath together with the petiole more or less
pubescent.

9. C. Vareca, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 418 ; leaves oblong
closely serrate softly hairy beneath, pedicels above the articulation glabrous,
fruit \ in. broadly ellipsoid yellow or pinkish yellow. Wall. Cat. 7194 ; Kurz
For. Fl. i. 530.

Terai of the Himalaya from Sikkim eastward and of Khasia, at 500-3000 ft.
elevation, plentiful. — Distrib. Ava.

A shrub, branchlets pubescent. Leaves 3^ by 1^ in., often somewhat cbovate,
obtuse suddenly narrowed but sometimes acuminate; petiole \ in. Pedicels less
than \ in., usually jointed far above the base, very hairy below the articulation. Sta-
minal tube elongate, stamens often 10. Seeds in bright red pulp. — The leaves have
regularly and closely placed serrations which prominently mark this species from all
others and appear to have completely protected it against synonyms.

10. C tomentosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 421 ; leaves elliptic-oblong or lan-
ceolate entire or crenate not acuminate base acute or rounded, pedicels and
calvx hairy, fruit £-f in. broad-ellipsoid. Wall. Cat. 7191 ; Brand. For. Fl.
243, t. 31. O. Anavinga, Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 11. C. ovata, Roxb. Fl.
Ind. ii. 4£0 (not of Willd.) ; Wall. Cat. 7192 excl. E. C. Oanziala, Ham. in
Wall. Cat. 7192; Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc.78; Kurz in Flora 1871, 294. O.
elliptica, Willd. Sp. PI. ii. 628 ; DC. Prod. ii. 51 ; Wight Ic. t. 1849 ; Wall.
Cat. 7193 ; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 253 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 709. 0. glabra,
Hort. Calc. in Herb. Wall, and Herb. Heyne. 0. Dallichii, F. Muell. ; Benth.
Fl. Austral, iii. 309. Samyda piscidia, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 7193 D ?. — Rheede
Hort. Mai. v. 50.

Throughout India and Ceylon, common. — Distrib. Malaya and North Australia.
VOL. II. (i Q

594 lxiii. SAMYDACE2E. (C. B. Clarke.) \_Gasearia.

A shrub, or tree attaining 25 ft. ; branchlets tomentose pubescent or nearly gla-
brous. Leaves 4 by l£ in., tomentose beneath or pubescent or only slightly hairy
about the base of the midrib, rarely so closely serrate as in Wight Ic. t. 1849, often
nearly entire ; petiole variable from £— § to 6 in. in Central India examples. Pedicels
usually numerous, less than £ in. ; buds usually hairy, sometimes nearly glabrous.
Stamina! tube short, stamens 7-10 (sometimes 12 Benth.). Seeds in red pulp. — The
typical C. tomentosa of North-West India has softly villous oblong nearly entire leaves ;
the South Indian examples (var. elliptica)\mre the leaves more glabrous, morecrenate-
serrate and more narrowed at base. With these the Malayan examples agree. As to
C. Canziala, Wall. Cat. 7192 stated by Wall, to be equivalent to C. ovata Roxb. the
numerous examples of Wight and Wallich have the pedicels buds and leaves beneath
villous and if it is separable as a species it is certainly not C. graveolens. Will-
denow says his C. elliptica has glabrous leaves and Roxburgh says his C. glabra has
glabrous leaves; so that these synonyms as known only from description must be
excluded. But it is very probable that they relate to the nearly glabrous form C.
Ballachii (see Benth. Fl. Austral, iii. 309).

11. C. Xiobbiana, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, pt. i. p. 463 ;

leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate entire softly hairy beneath, flowers almost
sessile, fruit less than £ in. diam. nearly globose.

Moulmein and Singapore, T. Lobb ; Malacca, Griffith.

Branchlets round, softly hairy. Leaves 2|-3£by f-l£ in. ; petiole £-| in. Buds
most minutely pubescent. Fruit subsessile. — Scarcely differs from C. tomentosa but
by the more acuminate leaves.

12. C. grewiaefolia, Vent. Choix. 48; leaves large oblong hairy
beneath entire or crenulate base rounded or cordate, pedicels pubescent, fruit
f-1 in. DC. Prodr. ii. 51 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 706. C. variabilis,
Blume Mus. Bot. i. 252. 0. subcuneata, Miq. 1. c. 0. cinerea, Turcz. in Bull.
Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, pt. i. 462.

Malacca, Maingay No. 659, 661. — Distrib. Malaya to the Philippines.

A small tree (Maingay), branchlets more or less pubescent. Leaves 7 by 2\ in. ;
petiole \ in. Pedicels often \ in., jointed at the base, buds generally pubescent. —
Differs little from C. tomentosa but by the cordate base of the leaves as Ventenat
mentions. Miquel says his C. subcuneata differs from the typical C. grewicefolia in
being less hairy ; but in Miquel's own communicated examples there is hardly any
difference even in this respect.

13. C. wynadensis, Bedd. Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 160; leaves elliptic-
lanceolate acuminate denticulate-serrate pubescent beneath narrowed into the
petiole, pedicels pubescent.

Wtnaad ; alt. 2000-3000 ft. ; Beddome.

A small tree (Beddome), branchlets aureo-villous. Leaves 4-6 by 1|- 2 in. ; pe-
tiole £-§ in. Pedicels not very many together, ~ in. or less ; buds minutely pubescent.
Stigma 4-lobed (Beddome). — Differs considerably from C. tomentosa among other
things by the leaves being acuminated to a very sharp point.

•

14. G. XLurzii, C. B. Clarke; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate
narrowed at the base with spreading yellow hairs beneath crenate or nearly
entire, pedicels pubescent very long, fruit ellipsoid (f in. ?). O. glomerata var.
puberula, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 92 ; For. Fl. i. 530.

Chittagong ; H. f. # T. — Distrib. Northern Burma.

Branchlets minutely pubescent. Leaves 5 by 2 in. : petiole nearly £ in. Pedicels
not very many together, \-\ in. Calyx minutely pubescent. Fruit not ripe but

Casearia.'] lxiii. samydacejj. (C. B. Clarke.) 595

•annot become very large. — The pedicels are much longer in this species than in any
of the others ; and the pubescence of the leaves beneath differs from all except that
of C. grewicsfolia. A Casearia collected by Griffith in fruit in Assam may be this,
but the pedicels are shorter, and some of the leaves rounded at the base, approaching
thus C. grewiatfolia.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.

C. ASTTLA, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp.Mosc. 1863, 608; branchlets pubescent, leaves
glabrous, sterile stamens densely white-hirsute, style 0.

East Indies; Roxburgh (Jide Turcz.).

Leaves lanceolate, somewhat long but obtusely acuminate, margin revolute entire,
shining, not punctate ; petiole short. Pedicels 3 or few. Calyx-tube top-shaped, con-
tracted in the middle, segments reflexed. — A very distinct species in the structure of
its flowers, forming the type of a separate subgenus. — Not seen ; the foregoing is
taken from Turczaninow.

Casearia ? coriacea, Wall. Cat. 7196, is Chatocarpus castanocarpus, Thwaites
Enum. 275.

Casearia ? acuminata, Wall. Cat. 7198, has opposite leaves and is remote from
the genus and order. ,

Casearia ?lucida, Wall. Cat. 7199, is a Euphorbiaceous plant, possibly the male
of Wall. Cat. 7196.

2. OS1VIELIA, Thwaites.

Trees. Leaves alternate, petioled, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, entire or ob-
scurely serrate, epunctate ; stipules minute, deciduous. Flowers small, very
nearly sessile, in long racemes which are simple or panicled. Calyx inferior,
divided nearly to the base ; lobes 5, rounded, imbricate. Petals 0. Stamens 10
(or 8), 5 alternating with as many 2-lobed hairy scales and 5 inserted in the-
notch.es of those scales. Ovary superior, 1-celled ; styles 3, short, with capi-
tellate stigmas ; ovules few, placentas 3, parietal. Capsule subglobose, 3-
valved. Seeds few, subglobose, with red fleshy aril. — Distrib. Species 8 ;
one in Ceylon, two in the Philippines.

1. O. zeylanica, Thwaites Enum. 20 ; leaves glabrous narrow elliptic-
lanceolate acuminate nearly entire, panicle terminal. Benth. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. v. Suppl. 89 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 209. Casearia paniculata, Gardn.

Ceylon; Gardner ; Central Province, alt. 3000 ft., not common ; Thwaites.

Younger branches and panicle pubescent. Leaves 2-4 by 1-1 £ in., narrowed at
the base ; petiole \ in. Panicle lax, racemes 4-6 in. Flowers white tinged with red,
each supported by a single cup-shaped bract. Stamens 10. Ovary very hairy. Cap-
sule f in., coriaceous. Seeds 1-4, subglobose.

3. HOHXAZ.XUBX, Jacq.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, crenate or subentire, petioled or sessile,
rarely punctulate. Flowers hairy, small, in slender axillary and sub-terminal
simple or panicled racemes ; bract at the base of the pedicel often prominent
but caducous. Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, adnate to the base of the ovary ;
lobes 5-7, narrow, persistent. Petals 5-7, inserted in the throat of the calyx,
linear-oblong, persistent. Disk tomentose. Stamens solitary or in fascicles of
1-7, opposite the petals with alternating glands. Ovary hall-superior, 1-celled ;

H 2

596 lxiii. samydaceji. (C. B. Clarke.) [Homalium.

styles 2-5, filiform, stigmas capitellate ; ovules many or several, placentas
parietal, extending only down the upper free portion of the ovary Capsule
half-superior, coriaceous, 2-5-valved at the apex. Seeds few, angular or oblong.
— Distrib. Species 30, scattered over the hot regions of nearly the whole globe.

As no one of the Indian specimens exhibits fruit, the description of the capsule
and seeds in the above diagnosis has been assumed to apply to the Indian species.

Sect. I. Blackwellia. Stamens 1 opposite each petal.

* Racemes panicled.

1. H. nepalense, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 34 ; leaves ovate or
elliptic subacute petioled crenate glabrous, panicles with divaricate branches
minutely tomentose or nearly glabrous. Blackwellia nepalensis, Wall. PI. As.
Ear. t. 179 ; Wall. Cat. 4900 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 54. B. (Astranthus) acuminata,
Wall, in Herb.

\ Nipax; Wallich.

Leaves 4\ by 2|- in., subacute obtuse or scarcely rounded at the base ; petiole £ in.
Panicles 3-4 in. long and broad, axillary. Flowers small, short-pedicelled, 6-7 -fid.

** Racemes elongate simple.

2. H. tomentosum, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 34 ; leaves nearly
sessile obovate repand-crenate pubescent or tomentose beneath, flowers clustered
subsessile. Kurz For. Fl. i. 531. Blackwellia tomentosa, Vent. Choix t. 57 ;
DC. Prodr. ii. 55; Mia. Fl. Ind, Bat. i. pt. i. 714. B. spiralis, Wall. Cat.
4897, partly ; DC. I.e.

Pegu ; Wallich, Kurz. — Distrib. Java.

Leaves 5 by 3 in., narrowed or scarcely rounded at the base ; petiole | in. or less.
Racemes 6 in., axillary, scattered, tomentose. Flowers small, 5-6-fid. Calyx-tube not
elongated, segments about equalling the petals.

3. XX. longifolium, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 35 {excl. syn.) leaves
petioled oblong or oblong-lanceolate not rounded at the base entire or nearly so
glabrous, flowers clustered pedicelled, calyx-tube short segments nearly as
long as the petals. Blackwellia macrostachya, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Mosc.
1863, 610 ex descr.

Pinang ; Phillips. Mat aya ; Maingay No. 665.

Tree not very large but high (Maingay). Leaves 4-7 by 1 \-2\ in. ; petiole \ in.
Racemes 6 in., axillary, scattered, but mostly towards the ends of the branchlets, to-
mentose or scarcely more than puberulous ; pedicels short, usually less than £ in.
Flowers small, 6-8-fid. — For the synonym Wall. Cat. 4897 in part adduced by Mr.
Bentham see H. propinquum below.

4. K. minutiflorum, Kurz For. Fl. i. 532 ; glabrous, leaves petioled
oblong coarsely crenate, pedicels glabrous, flowers minute about ^ in. long.

Burma, probably Martaban or Tenasserim ; Brandts.

An evergreen tree. Leaves 3-5 in., obtusely apiculate, thin, coriaceous ; petiole
Jw.$ in., stout. Racemes glabrous, simple or slightly branched, in pairs or solitary,
axillary. Calyx glabrous ; segments oblong-linear, villous -ciliate. Filaments slender,
one before each -petal. — Not .seen : description copied from Mr. Kurz.

5. H. zeylanicum, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 35 ; leaves petioled
elliptic narrowed at both ends crenate glabrous, flowers clustered pedicelled,

Homalium.'] lxiii. samydace^. (C. B. Clarke.) 597

calyx-tube oblong top-shaped segments shorter than the petals. Betid. Fl.
Sylv. t. 210. Blackwellia zeylanica, Gardn. in Cole. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 452.
B. tetrandra, Wight Ic. t. 1851.

Malabab, up to 4000 ft., not uncommon ; Law, Stocks, &c. Ceylon, moister
parts up to 3000 ft. ; Walker, &c.

A tree 40-50 ft. Leaves 4 by 2 in., obtusely acuminate ; petiole f in. Raceme*
axillary, scattered, also approximated at the ends of the branches, often dense -with
flowers; pedicels short, usually about £ in. Flowers small (but varying considerably
in size), 4-6-fid. Styles 3-4.

Sect. II. Racoubea. Stamens 2-7 opposite or subopposite each petal :
some of the filaments sometimes having no anthers.

* Racemes panicled or more or less divided.

6. H. Schlichii, Kurz For. Fl. i. 532 ; leaves petioled elliptic narrowed
at both ends coarsely crenate glabrous, racemes terminal or subterminal, pani-
cled grey-pubescent, stamens 3 before each petal.

Chittagong, in tropical forests ; Kwrz.

7. H. propinquum, C. B. Clarke) leaves petioled oblong undulate-
crenate pubescent on the midrib beneath, racemes often simple, flowers clus-
tered pedicelled, calyx-tube oblong top-shaped segments nearly as long as the
petals. H. longifolium, in part Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 35.- Black-
wellia propinqua, Wall. Cat. 4898. B. spiralis, Wall. Cat. 4897 A.

Pegu ; Wallich.

Leaves 4-8 by 1|— 3 in., obtuse, base usually narrowed sometimes unequally
rounded ; petiole scarcely \ in., villous. Racemes 6 in., towards the ends of the
branches, villous-tomentose, simple or branched once ; pedicels about ^ in. Flower*
small, 6-fid. Stamens 2 before each petal, both bearing anthers.

** Racemes elongate, simple.

8. H. G-rimthianum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 93; For.
Fl. i. 531, character emended and all syn. excl. ; leaves short-petioled elliptic-
rounded subcordate at the base pubescent on the nerves above aureo-villous be-
neath crenate, flowers clustered very short-pedicelled 8-10-fid, calyx-tube very
short. H. fcetidum, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 37 partly, not of others.
Blackwellia dasyantha, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Mosc. 1863, 610. Blackwellia
sp. Griff. Notul. iv. 584.

Mebgui, Griffith No. 991. Tenassebim, Heifer.

Branchlets with spreading yellow hairs. Leaves 3 by 2 in., not much acuminate,
above densely yellow villous-pubescent on the nerves with scattered hairs on the sur-
face especially near the margin ; long golden spreading hairs on the midrib beneath,
and bundles of similar hairs in the axils of the nerves ; petiole scarcely \ in., densely
villous. Racemes 6 in., tomentose; pedicels very short, less than £ in. Flowers small,
but larger and much more hairy than those of H. fcetidum. Calyx-segments shorter
than the petals. Styles 5. — Griffith states in Notul. that his plant has two stamens
before each petal, as his specimens clearly show : it is by oversight that Mr. Kurz
has described one only.

9. K. fcetidum, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 37 ; leaves petioled ellip-
tic narrowed at both ends glabrous crenate, flowers clustered pedicelled 6-8-fid,
calyx-tube short segments a little shorter than the petals. Blackwellia fcetida.

598 lxiii. SAMTDACE.E. (C. B. Clarke.) [Homalium.

Wall. Cat. 4899 ; Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. 53 ; Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 714. As-
tranthus foetida, Wall, in Herb. Ludia fcetida, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 508 ex Wallich.

Malacca ; Griffith, Maingay No. 664. — Distrib. Malaya.

A tree, branchlets leaves and petioles glabrous. Leaves 4-7 by l£-3£ in., base
narrowed ; petiole £-£ in. Racemes 6 in., minutely tomentose or glabrous ; pedicels
short, often £ in. Stamens 2 or 3 before each petal. Ovary densely villous. Styles
3-4 (5 ex Maingay). Fruit 1-seeded according to a note of Maingay.

10. K. grandiflorum, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 37 ; leaves short-
petioled elliptic-oblong entire coriaceous glabrous, flowers pedicelled solitary
6- 7-fid, calyx-tube short, segments enlarged after flowering and longer than the
petals, stamens about 7 to each petal.

Malacca; Griffith.— Distrib. Sumatra.

Leaves 6 by 2^ in. ; petiole hardly } in. Racemes 6 in., puberulo-pubescent or to-
mentose, pedicels about ^ in. Flowers large, calyx-segments after flowering § in.
Ovary even in flower with the apex much elevated. Styles 5.

11. B. travancoricum, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 211 ; leaves petioled elliptic
erenate glabrous, flowers subsessile clustered usually 5-fi.d, calyx-tube short
turbinate segments hardly half the length of the petals, gtamens 3-4 opposite
each petal.

South Malabar Mts. ; Travancore and Tinnivelly Ghauts ; Beddome.

A handsome middle-sized tree (Beddome). Leaves 3-4 by l|-lf in., obtuse acute
or acuminate, base subacute or obtuse hardly rounded ; petiole less than \ in. Ra-
cemes 2-4 in., axillary, puberulo-pubescent, not so dense-flowered as jn H. zeylanicum
(ex Beddome) ; but the flowers appear as dense as in other species.

doubtful species.

H. fostidum, Kurz For. Fl. i. 532 not of others; all parts quite glabrous, leaves
broadly-oblong coarsely crenate, stamens in pairs opposite the petals, ovary glabrous.
Tenasserim, Kurz.
The ovary is densely villous in all the Kew H. fatidum.

Order LXIV. PASSIFLOREJE. (By M. T. Masters.)

Twining herbs or shrubs, rarely erect. Leaves alternate, stipulate, simple or
lobed, penni- or palmi-nerved, frequently glandular beneath. Petiole usually
provided with glands. Stipules foliaceous or minute. Tendrils axillary or 0.
Injlorescence axillary, cymose, sometimes with one or more branches cirrose,
rarely flowers solitary. Bracteoles 3, minute and scattered, or foliaceous and
forming an epicalyx, rarely 0. Flowers regular, unisexual or bisexual. Calyx
tubular at the base, fleshy, subcoriaceous or membranous ; segments imbricate,
5. Petals 0 or as many as the calyx-lobes, springing from the tube of the calyx,
membranous or fleshy, imbricate, marcescent. Corona of one or more rows,
filamentous or membranous or both, arising from various portions of the calyx-
tube, rarely 0 ; basilar corona urceolate or cup-shaped, surrounding the base of
the andrcecium, sometimes represented by five separate glands of the disc ;
rarely 0. Stamens 5, on a gynophore or free at the base, perigynous ; anthers
oblong, 2-celled, basi- or dorsi-fixed, dehiscing laterally or introrsely. Ovary
superior, on a gynophore or subsessile, 1-celled with 3 parietal placentas,
rudimentary or absent in the male flowers. Styles 1 or 3 ; stigmas reniform,

Passiflora.'] lxiv. passiflorej:. (M. T. Masters.) 599

capitate or flattened. Ovules numerous, pendulous, anatropous ; funicle ex-
panded into a cup-shaped arillus. Fruit baccate or capsular. Seeds numerous,
ovoid or flattened, often pitted, covered with a fleshy arillus, albumen fleshy,
rarely scanty ; embryo straight, cotyledons flat leafy, radicle short terete. —
Distrib. Chiefly tropical ; most numerous in South America. Genera about
20 ; species about 300.

Carica Papaya, L. The Papaw is commonly cultivated, and is more or less natu-
ralized in various parts of India.

Tribe I. Passifloreae. Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens hypogynous.

Twining herbs or shrubs 1. Passiflora.

Erect shrubs 2. Pajbopsia.

Tribe II. DXddecceae. Flowers unisexual. Stamens perigynous.

3. Modecca.

1. PASSIFLORA, Linn.

Twining shrubs. Leaves simple or palmilobed, usually with glands on the
tinder surface and on the petiole ; stipules thread-like or leafy. Flowers' pedun-
culate ; peduncles simple or cymose. Bracteoles 3, small, scattered. Calyx-tube
fleshy, limb 5-lobed. Petals 5, springing from the throat of the calyx. Corona
of one or more rows of fine threads springing from the throat of the calyx-tube
and of one or more membranous folds arising lower down. Gynophore sur-
rounded at the base by a shallow membranous cup or basilar corona ; filaments
5, flat ; anthers oblong, 2-celled, dorsifixed ; pollen grains reticulate on the sur-
face. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 3, stigmas reniformi-capitate. Fruit baccate.
Seeds arillate. — Distrib. A. large genus most abundant in tropical and sub-
tropical America. A few are Malayan and two Chinese.

In addition to the following species, several others are cultivated in Indian gar-
dens, and some have become more or less naturalized, as indeed in all hotter coun-
tries. Among these may be mentioned varieties of P.foetida and suberosa . A form of
the latter species was described by Wight as indigenous to Ceylon under the name of
P. Walkeria, 39 111. ii. (t. 108), but there is no reason to suppose it indigenous.

1. P. Leschenaultii, DC. Frodr. iii. 326 ; leaves semiorbicular trun-
cate palminerved shortly 3-lobed glandless pubescent especially beneath. Wall.
Cat. 1231 ; W. 8f A. Frodr . 352 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 353 ; Wight Ic. t. 39.

Khasia, Ptti,$*ey and Nilghiri Mts.

A climbing shrub. Branches slender, angular. Leaves broader than long, more or
less pubescent, especially on the under surface and along the 3 nerves, rarely
entirely glabrous, base rounded or cordate, apex truncately 3-lobed, lateral lobes
spreading lanceolate, central lobe very small : petiole 1 in., with 2 sessile glands
below the middle. Peduncles in pairs in the axils of the leaves, simple, longer than
the petiole ; bracteoles 3, remote, linear. Flowers 2 in. diam. ; tube short, saucer-
shaped. Sepals oblong, obtuse. Petals white, equalling the sepals in length but
narrower. Outer corona near the base of the tube, of two rows of linear filaments, the
outer rather shorter than the petals, the inner much shorter ; inner corona short,
tubular, membranous, plicated, margin incurved and crisped; basilar corona small,
cup-shaped, surrounding the base of the gynophore. Anthers linear. Ovary elongate-
oblong. Fruit 1| by 1 in., ovoid, glabrous, yellowish ; rind leathery.

600 lxiv. passiflore^}. (M. T. Masters.) [Passiflora.

2. P. nepalensis, Wall. Tent Fl. Nep. 20, t. 11 ; Cat. 1230 ; leaves
ovate or ovate-lanceolate entire glaucous beneath. Griffith Itin. notes, 24 ;
Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 605, fig. 4. P. geminiflora, Don Prodr. 63.

Nipal, Wallich. Sikkim, alt. 4-6000 ft. Khasia Mts., alt. 3-6000 ft., H.f. $ T.

A glabrous climber with slender angular branches and distant leaves. Stipules
3 in., linear-subulate. Leaves 2^-4 by 2-3 in., thin, membranous, deep green above,
glaucescent beneath, marked near the base with 2-3 flat circular glands, rounded or
cordate at the base, apiculate, 1- or sub-3-nerved, nerves prominent, smaller nerves
arched, remote, inconspicuous ; petiole £ in., usually with two glands above the middle.
Peduncles simple, in pairs in the axils of the leaves, about half the length of the
petiole, slender, 1 -flowered, jointed above the middle, rarely cym'ose; cymes lax, few-
flowered. Flowers less than \ in. diam., cup-shaped ; tube short, cylindrical. Calyx-
lohes longer than the tube. Petals equal to the calyx-lobes. Corona of many rows of
short threads. Gynophore shorter than the flower. Ovary ovoid or subglobose, gla-
brous. Fruit subglobose, the size of a large pea, purplish.

EXCLUDED 8PECD3S.

P. caloneura. Kurz in Joum. As. Soc, 1877, ii. 95, described as from " Burma
probably Upper Tenasserim or Martaban, Brandis" is, according to an authentic
specimen sent by Dr. Kurz from the Calcutta Herbarium, the Aristolochia trilobata,
L., of the West Indies and South America, no doubt introduced into India ; it is
not in flower or fruit, but the nervation of the leaf, no less than its form and in-
dumentum, leaves no doubt as to this identification.

P. Hbyneana, Wall. Cat. 1233 bis {alias 2248) is an Olacinea, probably referable
to Erythropalum populifolium, Mast.

2. PAROPSIA, Noronh.

Shrubs. Leaves simple. Flowers in dense axillary cymes. Calyx-tube.
short ; limb 5-parted. Petals 5, springing from the base of the calyx-tube. Co-
rona of fine threads springing from the tube of the calyx and more or less divided
into five antipetalous phalanges. Gynophore short; filaments flat; anthers
oblong. Ovary subglobose. Style short dividing into three branches ; stigmas
reniformi-capitate. Fruit capsular. — Distrib. 4 or 5 species, natives of tropi-
cal Africa and Malaya.

1. P. malayana, Planch.; Mast, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. 639;
leaves oblong finely serrated with a long abrupt acumen, calyx-tube campanu-
late, ovary globose.

Malacca, Maingay, Griffith.

A shrub. Leaves Zh by 1 in. ; petiole | in. Flowers ^ in. in diam. Calyx cam-
panulate, tube short covered with tawny down ; lobes oblong, obtuse, 4 or 5 times
longer than the tube. Petals oblong, 1-nerved, half the length of the sepals. Corona
of a single row of flat, villose threads, half the length of the petals and arising with
them from the margin of the tube. Gynophore shorter than the petals. Stamens 5,
filaments filiform ; anthers oblong. Ovary globose, villose. Stigmas large, capitate-
reniform.

2. P. vareciformis, Mast.
oblong-obovate acuminate entire, calyx-tube very short, ovary turbinate. Tri-
chodia vareciformis, Griff. Notul. iv. 571.

Malacca, Griffith.

Shrub, more or less rusty pubescent. Leaves 6 by 2\ in., coriaceous, glabrous

Paropsia.'] lxiv. passiflore^. (M. T. Masters.) 601

above ; petiole under £ in. Peduncles I in. Flowers nearly £ in. Calyx-segments
leathery. Petals narrow at the base, ciliated. Ovary turbinate, villose. Fruit the
size of a hazel nut, subglobose ; rind dry, leathery. Seeds ovoid, flattened, pitted. —
Larger in all its parts than P. malayana.

3. IVXODECCA, Lam.

Twining herbs or undershrubs. Leaves entire or palmilobed, usually with
two or more flat, circular glands on the under surface and with similar glands
at the apex of the petiole. Cymes axillary, few- or many-flowered, on long
peduncles one or more of which is sterile and tendril-like. Male flower : Calyx
tubular or bell-shaped ; limb 5-lobed, lobes leathery, imbricate. Petals 5, free,
membranous, 1-nerved, springing from the calyx-tube. Corona a ring of threads
arising from near the base of the calyx-tube, or wanting. Glands of the disc 5,
opposite the sepals, strap-shaped or capitate. Andrcecium cup-shaped, mem-
branous beneath ; filaments 5, linear -subulate ; anthers linear-oblong, 2-celled.
Ovary rudimentary or 0. Female flower : Calyx and corolla as in the male.
Corona a membranous fold, springing from near the base of the calyx-tube or
none. Glands of the disc 5, strap-shaped, capitate, opposite the sepals. Stami-
nodes 5, forming a membranous cup surrounding the base of the ovary, above
dividing into barren filaments. Ovary globose or elliptic, sessile or stalked ;
style cylindrical or none ; stigmas 3, capitate or flat and dilated. Fruit capsular,
3-valved. Seeds numerous, attached by long funicles to parietal placentas. —
Distrib. A small genus, native of the tropics of the Old World.

Sect I. BXicroblepharis, W. fy A. Petals springing from the throat of
the calyx-tube, stigmas sessile.

1. Tfl. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 6764; leaves membranous uniform or
diverse all cordate ovate acute or some more or less palmately 3-lobed. Wight
Lc. 179 ; W.8f A. Prodr. i. 353 ; Thwaites Enum. 128. M. diversifolia, Wall.
Cat. 6763.

Hills of the Western Peninsula, and Ceylon.

Root tuberous. Branches striated, roughish. Leaves 2-3 by 2 in., glabrous, from
ovate entire rounded or slightly coidate at the base to hastate or palmately lobed ; the
central lobe longest, obtuse; nerves remote; petiole about 1 iu., with a sessile gland
on each side at the top. Peduncles axillary, filiform. Flowers not seen. Calyx,
according to Wight's figure, small ; tube short, lobes ovate. Petals broad, shorter
than the sepals, attached to the throai of the calyx. Ovary subglobose, surmounted
by three cuneate, fringed, reflexed stigmas. Fruit glabrous, the size of a small plum,
subglobose or ovoid, 3-valved. Seeds flattened, heart-shaped, rugulose, with parallel
ridges around the margins. — Wight and Arnott refer Wallich's M. diversifolia to
Vitis lanceolaria, but the type specimen in Wallich's herbarium clearly belongs to the
present species.

2. BX. sing aporeana, Mast. ; leaves leathery shortly petioled oblong
acuminate, flowers elongate, anthers apiculate. Passiflora singaporeana, Wall.
Cat 1232.

Malacca. Singapore, Wallich. — Distrib. Borneo.

Glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by 2 in., coriaceous, oblong-obovate, obtuse, tapering to
the base, Midrib prominent, secondary nerves remote ; petiole 4 in., with a large
sessile gland on either side at the top. Tendrils as long as the petiole. Male flowers
\ in., elongate-fusiform. Calyx leathery, shortly 5-lobed, lobes ovate, connivent
(? always). Petals thick, leathery, oblong acute, springing from the calyx-tube jx.st

602 lxiv. passiflore^. (M. T. Masters.) [Modecca.

beneath the throat. Corona none (?). Glands of the disc 5, small, oblong, at the
base of the calyx -tube, opposite to its lobes. Stamens 5 ; anthers subsessile, erect,
linear; connective long, thread-like. Rudimentary ovary fusiform. Fruit 2 in.,
long, glabrous, fusiform. — Maingay's specimens, like Wallich's. are very imperfect,
but the two are sufficiently alike to leave no doubt of their specific identity.

3. M. cardiophylla, Mast. ; leaves membranous long petioled cordate-
ovate acute shortly acuminate, anthers muticous.

Sikkim, Khasia Mts., and Assam.

Glabrous. Branches terete. Leaves remote, 6-8 by 4-5 in., entire, rarely pal-
mately lobed, basal lobes rounded divaricate ; petiole 2-3 in., with a sessile gland
on either side at the apex. Cymes many-flowered, on a cylindrical peduncle as long
as the petiole, one branch cirrose. Male flowers § in., bell-shaped. Calyx leathery,
spotted, 5-lobed to the middle ; lobes oblong, obtuse. Petals membranous, white,
ovate, obtuse, springing from about the middle of the tube. Androzcium membranous
and tubular below, above divided into five filaments ; anthers linear-ovate, acute.
Glands <>f the disc 5, small, opposite to the sepals. Female flower : Calyx \ in.,
funnel-shaped, slightly dilated above the base, leathery, spotted; lobes oblong,
3-nerved. Petals membranous, springing from the middle of the calyx-tube, oblong,
1 -nerved, entire or minutely serrulate. Glands of the disc opposite the sepals, small,
oblong, curved. Barren stamens forming a shallow membranous tube, divided above
into filiform segments. Ovary raised on a short gynophore, ovoid, surmounted by a
large peltate stigma with 3 reflexed wedge-shaped laciniate lobes. — In foliage very
like the entire-leaved form of M. palmata, but the anthers and stigmas are quite
different.

4. Ztl. cordifolia, Blume Bijdr. 939 ; Bumpkin, i. t. 49 ; leaves mem-
branous cordate roundish acute not acuminate bullate, fruit elongate tapering to
both ends. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 702 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1876, ii. 132
and 1877 ii. 95. ? M. heterophylla, Kurz Andam. Bep. Append. A. 39.

Andaman Islands, Kurz. — Distbib. Java.

Leaves 2-3 by 2 in., shortly petiolate, slightly glaucous beneath. Calyx elongate,
constricted at the neck. Petals small. Anthers oblong muticous. Fruit 3 by 1 in.
— I have seen no authentic specimen of this either from the Andamans or from Java.
The specimen labelled by Kurz heterophylla in the herbarium has much larger and
markedly acuminate leaves. It is probably an entire-leaved form of M. palmata or
M. trilobata.

Sect. II. Blepharanthes, W. fy A. Petals springing from the base of
the calyx-tube. Style trifid or styles 3 ; stigmas capitate.

5. HI. trilobata, Boxb. Cor. PI. t. 297 ; FL Ind. iii. 133 ; leaves mem-
branous cordate 3-lobed with a gland under each sinus, anthers muticous, fruit
oblong. Wall. Cat. 1234 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, ii. 95.

Sikkim, Assam, Khasia Mts., Cachab, Chittagono.

Glabrous. Branches terete, glabrous, sulcate. Leaves remote, broader than long,
6-8 by 8-9 in., 3-5-lobed, cordate or hastate at the base; lobes oblong-obovate, acu-
minate, central one narrowed to the base. Glands 2, orbicular, flat, on the under sur-
face of the leaf near the base; petiole 4 in., cylindrical, with a pair of glands at the
extreme apex. Peduncles axillary, 5-6 in., divided near the apex into a leafless,
many -flowered cyme, one branch of which is cirrose. Male flower : Calyx less than
A in., campanulate, 6-lobed, lobes oblong, obtuse. Petals oblong-obovate, springing
from the base of the calyx-tube. Stamens 5, united at the base, filaments slender ;
anthers linear, obtuse. Glands of the disc 5, ligulate, incurved, opposite the sepals.
Budimentary ovary minute. Female flower : Calyx and petals as in the male, but
larger. Glands of disc 5, ribbon-like, recurved. Staminodes 5, united at the base

Modecca.] lxiv. passifloreje. (M. T. Masters.) 603

into a membranous cup. Gynophore short. Ovary elongate, ovoid; style short,
stigma large capitate 3-lobed. Fruit scarlet, oblong, 2£ by l£ in.

6. XIX. palm at a, Lam. Encycl. iv. 209 ; leaves membranous glabrous
glandular palmately lobed or entire, anthers obtuse muticous, fruit globose.
Wall. Cat. 6762 A and B ; Wight Ic. t. 201 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 353 ; Thwaites
Enum. 128 : Bah. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 104 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 703. M. tu-
berosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 134. M. integrifolia, Lam. I. c. {not of Wall. Cat.
6765). —Rheede Hort. Mai. viii. t. 20-23.

Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

Glabrous. Branches sulcate. Leaves remote, broader than long, 4-5 by 6-7 in.,
roundish, cordate, usually 3-5-lobed nearly to the base with a single circular flat
gland beneath the sinus, sometimes entire, cordate, ovate, acuminate ; lobes oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate, tapering to the base ; petiole 2 in., with a gland on either side
at the apex. Male flower : Calyx about £ in., campanulate, 5-lobed, dilated at the
base, lobes ovate-acute. Petals linear-oblong, 3-nerved, ciliate, springing from the
base of the calyx-tube. Corona a ring of threads from the tube of the calyx, just
above the dilated portion. Filaments subulate, united at the base ; anthers linear-
oblong. Female flower : Calyx £ in., campanulate ; lobes ovate acute. Petals linear,
acute, ciliated, springing from the base of the tube. Corona a membranous fold
fringed with white hairs, arising from near the base of the flower tube. Glands of
disc oblong, opposite the sepals. Staminodes 5, forming a membranous cup surround-
ing the base of the ovary and above divided into flat strap-shaped filaments nearly as
long as the glabrous subglobose ovary. Style nearly as long as the ovary, dividing
into 3 branches ; stigmas large capitate. Fruit the size of a small apple, subglobose.
Seeds large, pitted, ribbed at the edges. — Root said to be poisonous, used as medicine
by the Cingalese (Thwaites 1. c). M. integrifolia, Wall. Cat. 6765, is a garden spe-
cimen of uncertain identity not referable to the present species.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.

M. aliena, Wall. Cat. 6766, from Silhet, is an Asclepiad, the flowers of which are
too imperfect for determination. — There is no specimen in Wallich's herbarium.

M. apiculata, Mast. ; leaves membranous cordate roundish deeply 5-sect, seg-
ments lanceolate narrow at the base with a gland beneath the sinus on the under
surface, anthers apiculate, fruit ovoid. — Burma, Pegu, McClelland.

Glabrous. Branches sulcate. Petiole 2 in. Tendrils very long. Anthers linear
with a long slender apiculus. Fruit l\ in., ovoid, acute. Seeds subglobose slightly
flattened. — Imperfect specimens only exist in the Kew herbaria, Sir Joseph Hooker
who analysed the flower states in a note that it differs from M. trilobata by the api-
culate anther. Possibly it may be the M. furfwracea of Wallich (see below).

M. furfuracea, Wall. Cat. 1235. Prome, Wallich. — There is no specimen of
this in Wallich's herbarium.

M. nicobarica, Kurz in Trimen Journ. Bot. 1875, 327; Journ. As. Soc. 1876,
ii. 132 ; leaves subcoriaceous oblong-acuminate rounded at the base and subpeltate.
Passiflora penangiana, Wall. Cat. 1233. — Penang, Wallich. Malacca, Griffith.

Glabrous. Stems very slender, sulcate. Leaves 4 by 1-2 in., oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, 1-nerved, secondary nerves remote, arched ; petiole eglandular, f in. at-
tached to the blade just within the base. Tendrils about 2 in. branched, thickened
at the ends. Fruit 1^-2 in. long, glabrous, oblong, acute, 3-valved. Seeds discoid. —
The specimens of Wallich and of Maingay are imperfect, but evidently belong to the
same species.

M. populifolia, Blume Rumphia, i. t. 50. — To this I refer with doubt Maingay
n. 668 with cordate ovate-acute leaves, petioles with two large apical glands, fruits
about 3 in. long tapering to both ends.

604 lxv. cucurbitacej:. (C. B. Clarke.)

Order LXV. CUCURBITACE2E. (By C. B. Clarke, F.L.S.)

Climbing herbs or shrubs ; tendrils solitary, lateral, spiral, simple or divided.
Leaves alternate, petioled, frequently cordate, simple lobed or pedately divided.
Flowers monoecious or dioecious, yellow or white, racemed and solitary, less com-
monly panicled. Calyx-tube wholly adnate to the ovary (except in Actino-
stemma) ; linfb rotate campanulate or tubular ; lobes 5 (rarely 3), imbricate.
Petals 5, inserted on the calyx-limb, united in a tube or nearly or quite free,
sometimes fimbriated at the margin, valvate or involute in the bud. Stamens
inserted at the mouth or about the middle or at the base of the calyx-tube,
usually 3 (sometimes 5 or 2) ; anthers free or united into a tube, one usually
1 -celled and the other two 2-celled, cells straight or flexuose or conduplicate,
the connective sometimes crested or produced. Ovary inferior (in Actinostemma
half-superior), usually 3-carpellary ; style 1 with 3 stigmas, more rarely styles
2-3-4 •, placentas usually 3, vertical, in double lines, the edges of the carpellary
leaves being often turned in so far that the ovary (in flower time even) is spuri-
ously 3-celled ; ovules usually many, horizontal, rarely pendulous, sometimes
few and pendulous from near the top of the ovary (in Diccelospermum 3 erect
from the base of the ovary ?). Fruit generally berried or fleshy, indehiscent
or dehiscing by valves or by a stopple, often 1-celled, the seeds being often
packed in pulp or fibre. Seeds usually many, often compressed, horizontal,
pendulous (or in Diccelospermum erect), frequently corrugated or subspinose on
the margins, albumen 0. — Distrib. Species 400, in the warmer parts of the
whole globe especially in the tropics.

Tribe I. Cucumerinese. Ovules horizontal (or pendulous). Female
flowers usually solitary, never panicled. Leaves not divided into distinct leaf-
lets (except rarely in Thladianthd) .

A. Anther-cells conduplicate or sigmoid.

* Corolla divided nearly or quite to the base into 5 petals.

t Petals fimbriate at their margin.

Seeds 6. Calyx-tube 3-4 in 1. Hodgsonia.

Seeds many. Calyx-tube less than 3 in 2. Trichosanthes.

tt Petals entire.

a. calyx-tube of the malefiower elongate ; anthers usually included in

the tube or nearly so.

Seeds many, horizontal. Tendrils rarely divided . 3. Gymnopetalum.
Seeds many, horizontal. Tendrils 2-3-fid. Petiole

without glands 4. Warea.

Seeds 12-18, pendulous 5. Herpetospermum.

Tendrils divided. Fruit very large. Petiole with

2 glands at apex 6. Lagenaria.

b. Calyx-tube of the malefiower short ; anthers usually exserted from

the tube or nearly so.

a. Stamens inserted near the mouth of the calyx-tuhe ; mnthers
hardly or not at all cohering.

##

lxv. cucurbitacej:. (C. B. Clarke.) 605

Male flowers (partly) in racemes. Fruit opening by

a stopple 7. Luffa.

Flowers all solitary. Fruit very fleshy, indehiscent . 8. Benincasa.

|8. Stamens inserted below the mouth of the calyx-tube; anthers
more or less cohering.

Male flowers (partly) racemed. Tendrils simple . . 9. Momordica.
Male flowers clustered or solitary. Tendrils simple . 10. Cucumis.
Flowers all solitary. Tendrils 2-3-fid 11. Citrulltjs.

Corolla campanulate, divided half way down or thereabout.

Tendrils simple. Flowers white 12. Cephalandra.

Tendrils divided. Flowers yellow 13. Cucurbita.

B. Anther-cells straight (or in Bryonia somewhat curved).

* Flowers not large , yellow, male racemes or pedicels not stout.
t Male and female pedicels \-Jlowered, clustered.

Tendrils 2-fid 14. Bryonia.

Tendrils simple 15. Mukia.

tt Male flowers corymbose or subumbellate or racemed.

Fruit shortly peduncled. Connective not produced . 16. Zehneria.

Fruit on a capillary peduncle. Connective produced . 17. Melothria.

Fruit sessile, beaked * . . . .18. Rhynchocarpa.

Fruit circumsciss near the base 19. Corallocarpus.

Fruit subsessile, indehiscent, without a beak . . .20. Cerasiocarptjm.
Ciliate bracts resembling stipules at base of the

petioles ,, 21. Ctenolepis.

**

Flowers large deep yellow, male raceme stout.

Calyx-tube short. Seeds very many 23. Thladiantha.

Calyx-tube elongate. Seeds 3-9 24. Edgaria.

Tribe II. Orthospermeae. Ovules and seeds erect.

Seeds 3, each with two empty cells ...... 22. Dioelospermum.

Tribe III. Zanonieae. Ovules pendulous. Flowers small, the femalei
in panicles or many-flowered racemes. Stamens 5, free, each with a single
small straight anther.

A. Leaves not divided into separate leaflets.

Fruit small circumsciss. Leaves serrate . . . .26. Actinostemma.
Fruit long clavate. Leaves subentire 28. Zanonia.

B. Leaves pedately divided into 3-5 leaflets.

Fruit trigonous obovoid. leaflets serrate. Tendrils

bifid 25. Gomphogykb.

Fruit pea-like. Leaflets serrate. Tendrils simple .27. Gynostemma.
Fruit elongate clavate. Leaflets entire 29. Alsomitra.

606 lxv. cucurbitace^. (C. B. Clarke.) [Hodgsonia.

1. HODGSONIA,//./. $ T.

A large climber. Leaves coriaceous, 3-5-lobed, long-petioled ; tendrils 2-3-
fid. Flowers large, dioecious ; males in long racemes ; bracts oblong, entire,
deciduous ; females solitary. Male : calyx long-tubular, mouth shortly cam-
panulate, teeth 5, short ; petals 5, connate at the base, very long-fimbriate ;
stamens 3, filaments very short ; anthers exserted, connate, linear, one 1-celled,
two 2-celled, cells conduplicate. Female : calyx and corolla as in the male ;
ovary globose, 1-celled ; style long, stigmas 3 oblong bifid exserted ; placentas
3, parietal, near the base of the ovary, 2-ovulate on each side. Fruit large,
depressed globular, 12-grooved, flesh hard; perfect seeds usually six, each
having a smaller commonly barren one attached to its side, flat-ellipsoid, with
sunk veins.

1. K. heteroclita, H. f. # T. in Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 257 ; Hk. f. III.
Himal. PI. t. 1, 2, 3 ; Fl. d. Serves, t. 1262 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt.
ii. 97. Trichosanthes heteroclita, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 705; Wall. Cat. 6684,
A, B, 0. T. grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 6685 not of Blume.

Sikkim ; alt. 0-4000 ft. Assam. Khasia Mts. alt. 0-3000 ft. East Bengat,
and Chittagong ; Pegu and Martaban ; Kurz. Pinang and Malacca.

Stem extending sometimes 100 ft. Leaves 6-8 in. long and broad, glabrous, deeply
lobed ; lobes entire or very sparingly denticulate, acute. Male racemes 8 in. ; bracts
| in. Calyx often rusty-pubescent without, tube 3-4 by § in. Corolla-lobes 2 in.,
brown- villous, 3-nerved without, white, tinged yellow within, ending in a fringe 4 in.
Fruit 4-10 in. wide, red-brown, closely tomentose. Seeds 2-3 by 1-1| in.

2. TRICHOSANTHES, Linn.

Scandent herbs. Leaves entire or 3-9-lobed, denticulate ; tendrils usually
2-5-fid. Flowers dioecious less often monoecious, white ; male peduncles usually
in axillary pairs, one 1-flowered caducous, the other racemose ; bracts large or
small or 0 ; female flower solitary. Male : calyx long-tubular ; teeth 5, lan-
ceolate, entire serrate or laciniate. Corolla 5-fid nearly to the base, lobes long-
fimbriate ; stamens 3 ; anthers almost included, connate (free in T. dioica),
long-linear, one 1-celled, two 2-celled, cells conduplicate. Female : calyx and
corolla as in the male. Ovary inferior, at the base of the calyx-tube, 1-celled ;
style filiform, 3 or 6-fid at apex ; placentas 3, parietal ; ovules very many,
horizontal, half-pendulous. Fruit lanceolate or globose, smooth, acute or ob-
tuse at the apex. Seeds many, horizontal, packed in pulp, compressed, ellipsoid,
sometimes angular on the margin. — Disteib. Species 20, in South-East Asia,
extending through Malaya to North Australia in one direction, through China
to Japan in another.

* Bracts of the male raceme large, sheathing the flowers from a broad base.

1. T. palmata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 704; leaves palmate half-way down
in 5 or 3-7 broad lobes (but vary from angular nearly entire to deeply palmate
with linear-oblong lobes), bracts ovate or obovate lacerate or strongly serrate,
fruit globose the size of a small orange, seeds f in. scarcelv angular on the
margins. Wall. Cat. 6688 excl. C, F ; W. $ A. Prodr. 350 as to a and £ ;
Wight III. t. 104, 105 ; Dalz. §■ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 103. T. laciniosa, Wall. Cat.
6689 A, B. T. aspera, Heyne in Herb. Rottler. T. tricuspis, Miq. Fl. Ind.

Trichosanthes.] lxv. cucurbitacejs. (C. B. Clarke.) 607

Bat. i. pt. i. 679. T. cordate, Wall. Cat. 6686 excl. A and B. T. anguina,
Wall Cat. 6687 ¥ partly. T. bracteata, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 99.
Oucurbita "Melopepo, Wall. Cat. 6725. Involucraria Wallichii, Seringe in DC.
Prodr. iii. 318. Bryonia palmate, Wall. Cat. 6711 F.

From the Himalayas to Ceylon and Singapore; very common in all moist
thickets, ascending to 5000 ft. — Distrib. Malaya, China, Japan, North Australia.

Climbing often 30 ft. Dioecious so far as all the examples go, but Roxburgh has
placed it in Monoecia -without remark. Leaves 2-6 in. diam., not at all hairy beneath,
usually glabrous or less commonly scabrous on the nerves, often with several large
glands near the apex of the petiole, cordate at the base ; segments dentate, serrate,
divaricate, sometimes subpinnatifid (var. incisa Heyne), usually acute (but obtuse in
var. sinuata, Heyne) ; petiole 1-3 in. Tendrils commonly 3-fid. Male peduncles
usually paired, the racemed one 6 in., naked below ; bracts ovate or obovate, glabrous
or viscid with scattered glands or pubescent. Calyx-tube \\ in., closely tomentose or
glabrous ; sometimes much larger in the Sikkim examples ; teeth long-lanceolate,
sometimes dentate serrate or subpinnatifid. Fruit \\-2 in. diam., not acute, bright
red with 10 orange streaks. Seeds very many, immersed in green pulp. — The ex-
treme forms of the leaves are var. laciniosa, Wight, which has the leaves palmate
nearly to the base, the segments scarcely \ in. wide and sometimes subpinnatifid ;
and var. Thomsoni from Moradabad with the leaves entire and slightly 5-angular : in
both the leaves are coriaceous and with their petioles more or less covered with
scattered round white minute flat scales The Himalayan specimens recede further
by their large subsucculent flaccid leaves and very large flowers.

Var. Scotanthus, C. B. Clarke ; calyx-teeth broad-lanceolate entire, petals nearly
destitute of fimbriations especially in the female.

Var. tomentosa, Heyne in Herb. Bottler ; leaves tomentose beneath divided not
more than half-way down. — Deccan Peninsula Mts. ; Wight No. 1134, 1136 partly;
Gr. Thomson. Ceylon, alt. 2600 ft. ; Gardner. — This looks like a good species but
the fruit and seeds are as in var. 1. This closely resembles the Australian T.
subvelutina Muell. in Herb, referred to T. palmata by Bentham. The distribution of
T. palmata is extended to Japan on the faith of two examples collected by Max
mowicz. They belong to the commonest Bengal type of T. palmata, but bear tot
name T. japonica, Kegel, which in Regel hid. Sem. 1868, p. 90, is said to have
solitary male flowers, and has been referred by authors to the neighbourhood of T.
cucumerina. A Trickosanthes collected in Mergui by Griffith No. 759 (No. 2532 Kew
Distrib.) has the leaves with short hairs beneath ; otherwise resembles the var.
tomentosa.

2. T. multiloba, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. ii. 82 ; leaves deeply (only
half-way down) palmate in 5 or 3-9 lobes narrowed near their base, bracts
ovate or obovate deeply serrate, fruit 2-4 in. ovoid or oblong acute, seeds |-f
in. more or less angular on the margins. T. grandibracteata, Kurz in Journ.
As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 99 ex descr.

Sikkim, East Himalaya and Khasia Mts. ; alt. 2000-6000 ft. ; plentiful. Ma-
lacca? Maingay 671. — Distrib. China?. Bhamo. Japan.

Rambling extensively. Dioecious. Leaves 3-6 in. diam., usually glabrous beneath
or less commonly scabrous with scattered bristles, subcordate at the base ; segments
serrate (sometimes lobed), ascending, less divaricate than in T. palmata, acute ;
petiole 1-3 in., often with several large glands near the apex ; tendrils commonly
3-fid. Male peduncles usually paired, the racemed one 6 in., naked below. Calyx-
tube 1-2^ in.; teeth lanceolate-subulate, entire. Fruit bright red with orange streaks.
Seeds very many in green pulp. — This is perhaps a variety of T. palmata, the Hima-
layan large form of which it so closely resembles, that in the absence of the fruit it
cannot always be distinguished from it. — The locality " China " is added on the faith
of Hance's No. 13,745 marked T. palmata Roxb. which it may be, as it does not ex-
hibit fruit nor does Maingay' s Malacca example.

608 lxv. cucurbitacejE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Trichosanthes.

Var, ? majuscula {Trichosanthes sp. 7 Herb. Ind. Or. Hk. f. $ T.); male raceme
stout more than 1 ft., bracts long little serrate, leaves very large. Khasia Mts. ; alt.
4000 ft. ; Hk. f. 8f T. — Perhaps a new species, but the examples consist of male
racemes and leaves only. No. 12,298 C. B. Clarke (Darjeeling alt. 3000 ft.) seems
the same.

3. T. cordata, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii. 703 ; leaves cordate-ovate acute entire
or obscurely angular-lobed hairy beneath, bracts elongate obovate entire or
scarcely serrate, fruit globose size of a small orange, seeds \ in. scarcely angular
on the margins. Wall. Cat. 6686 A. ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii.
99. T. tuberosa, Roxb. Ic. ined. T. palmata, Wall. Cat. 6688 F partly ; & C.

From the base of the Eastern Himalaya in Sikkim and Assam to Pegu. Fre-
quent in the Khasia Terai and Cachar.

An extensive climber. Dioecious. Leaves often 6-8 in., dentate-serrate ; tendrils
usually 3-fid. Male peduncles usually paired, the racemed one often 8 in., stout ;
bracts pubescent. Calyx-tube 1£ in., densely hairy without, segments finely acumi-
nate. Fruit almost exactly as in T. palmata, bright red, orange-streaked, apex not
acute.

Var. subpedata ; leaves pedately lobed almost to the base. — Cachar ; C. B. Clarke.
— The bracts and indumentum are exactly as in the type. Judging by the descrip-
tion, T. macrosiphon, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1872, pt. ii. 308, differs less from T.
cordata, Roxb. than does this var. subpedata.

** Bracts of the male raceme large, subpersistent, narrowed to the base, not

4. T. truncata, C. B. Clarke ; leaves ovate from a truncate hastate or
obtuse (not cordate) base sometimes subpeltate entire or irregularly tricuspid
glabrous denticulate or not, bracts ovate slightly serrate nearly glabrous, female
plant unknown.

Sikkim, alt. 1000 ft. ; J. D. H. Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft. (Cherra Coal-pit)
H. f.$T.; C. B. Clarke.

Stem twining ; tendrils 2-3-fid. Leaves glabrous coriaceous or membranous, poly-
morphous, sometimes exactly ovate with a rounded subentire margin sometimes
deeply 3-cuspidate. Male peduncle 6 in. Calyx-tube f-1^ in., somewhat tomentose
without : corolla (ex Hook, f.) greenish- white.

5. T. himalensis, C. B. Clarke ; leaves palmately 3-lobed deeply cor-
date villous or pubescent beneath, bracts lanceolate incise-serrate, fruit 3-4 in.
long-cylindric tapering at both ends. T. cordata, Wall. Cat. 6686 B. Oucurbita
ficifolia, Wall. Cat. 6721.

Sikkim, alt. 2000-5000 ft. from Yoksun to the plains ; J. D. H, C. B. Clarke.

Stems extensively climbing, with the petioles and leaves pubescent and hairy.
Dioecious. Leaves 5 in., usually deeply palmate, irregularly serrate ; tendrils 3-fid.
Male peduncles 3-4 in., bracts ^-f in. Calyx-tube 1^-2 in., very narrow, little hairy
without. Fruit 3-4 by l-l£ in., nearly circular in section. Seeds |-^ in. diam.,
polymorphous, sometimes obovoid the broader part subtrimerous, sometimes drum-
shaped. — Certain seeds were sent by Dr. Anderson to Naudin, who grew them and
has placed the resulting leaves in the Kew Herbarium accompanied by a drawing of
the seed, and has attached the name Platygonia himalensis thereto. These leaves
may belong to the present species.

Var. glabrior ; leaves glabrous above pubescent or scabrous on the nerves beneath.
—Khasia ; alt. 4000 ft. Trichosanthes sp. 9 Herb. Ind. Or., H. f. $ T— The exam-
ples are of leaves and male racemes only.

*** Bracts of the male raceme 0 or minute.

Trichosanthes.'] lxv. cucurbitacejE. (C. B. Clarke.) 609

6. T. dicaelosperma, C B. Clarke ; leaves cordate-ovate acute denti-
culate softly shortly pubescent on both surfaces, fruit 1£ in. diam. globose, seeds
^ in. compressed subquadrate equally 3-cell§d the lateral cells empty. ?T.
reniformis, Kurz in Flora 1871, 294.

Sikkim, alt. 2000-5000 ft. ; J. B. H. Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft. ; H.f. $ T.

Stems long, twining, innovations at least pubescent. Dioecious. Leaves 4 by 3^ in.,
not at all lobed ; petiole l£in.; tendrils 2-fid. Male peduncles paired, one early
1 -flowered, the other 2-3 in., racemed, ebracteate. Calyx-tube \\ in., narrow, pubes-
cent. Fruit pubescent, with 10 paler vertical bands. Setds in orange pulp. — This
is perhaps Kurz's reniformis obtained in Sikkim, but it can hardly be T. reniformis,
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 675, which has obtuse lobes to the leaves and the male
spikes leafy -bracteate.

7. T. dioica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 701 ; leaves cordate oblong acute, petiole
scabrous woolly, male flowers not racemed woolly without, anthers free. Wall.
Cat. 6692 A, B, D.

Throughout the plain of North India from the Punjab to Assam and East Ben-
gal; common.

Stems twining extensively, more or less woolly and scabrous. Dioecious. Leaves
3 by 2 in., harsh, sinuate-dentate, not lobed ; petiole f in. ; tendrils 2-fid. Male
peduncles paired, the second-flowering often 2 in. but not racemed in any example at
Kew. Calyx-tube If in., narrow. Fruit 2-3^ in., oblong or nearly spherical, acute,
orange-red. Seeds §-£ in., half-ellipsoid, compressed, corrugate on the margin. —
United with the next species by Benth. in Fl. Austral, iii. 315. Roxburgh says
"Stamens three distinct " which has been repeatedly verified in the living plant.

8. T. nervifolia, Linn.; DC. Prodr. iii. 314; leaves cordate oblong
acute, petiole glabrous, male flowers partly racemed glabrous. W. Sf A. Prodr.
349. T. cuspidata, Lamk. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 314.— Rheede Hort. Mai. t. 16, 17.

Dbccan Peninsula ; Quilon, Wight. Kurg (tropical region) ; G. Thomson.
Ceylon ; not uncommon up to 5000 ft. ; Thwaites.

Stems twining, glabrous. Dioecious. Leaves 3 by 1^—2 in., membranous, sinuate-
dentate, not lobed ; petiole f in. ; tendrils 2-fid. Male 'peduncles usually paired, the
second-flowering carrying a raceme (finally elongate and zigzag) of about 12 flowers.
Calyx-tube 1^ in. Fruit (and seeds from Rheede's drawing) 2-3 in., circular in sec-
tion, about twice as long as broad, acute. Seeds §-£ in., half-ellipsoid, compressed,
corrugated on the margin.

9. T. cucumerina, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 315 ; leaves cordate subreni-
form 6- (3-7-) lobed or 5-angular lobes not acuminate pubescent or puberulous
on both surfaces, fruit 1-3 in. ovoid-conical, seeds corrugate. Roxb. Fl. Ind.
iii. 702 ; Wall. Cat. 6690 A, B, O, D, F ; Blume Bijd. 933 ; Dalz. $ Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 102 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 676 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Ndt. ser. 4,
xviii. 191 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 98. T.'laciniosa, Klein in Herb.
Rottler. T. pilosa, Wall. Cat. 6691. Bryonia umbellata, Wall. Cat. 6700 D.
Cucumis Missionis, Wall. Cat. 6728.

Throughout India and Ceylon. — Distkib. Malaya, North Australia.

Stems twining, more or less pubescent. Dioecious or less often (? when cultivated)
monoecious. Leaves 2-4 in. diam., usually 5-lobed about half-way down, lobes obtuse
or if acute not acuminate ; petiole £ in. ; tendrils 2-fid. Male peduncles in pairs, the
earlier 1 -flowered, the later racemed; occasionally in place of the earlier is found a
female. Calyx-tube 1 in. Seeds §-£ in., half-ellipsoid, compressed, in red pulp. —
In Bth. Sf Hk. f. Gen. PI. i. 833, under Ceratosanthes, T. cucumerina is a misprint
for T. comiculata.

VOL. II. RE

610 lxv. cucurbitacej;. (C. B. Clarke.) [Trichosantlies.

10. T. anguina, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 314; leaves cordate subreniform
5- (3-7-) lobed or 5-angular lobes not acuminate pubescent or puberulous on both
surfaces, fruit elongate cylindric sometimes contorted, seeds corrugate. Boxb.
Fl. Ind. iii., 701 ; Bot. Mag. t. 722 ; Blume Bijd. 933 ; W. 8f A. Prodr. 350 ;
Wall. Cat. 6687 ; Lamk. III. t. 794 ; Miq. Fl. ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 677 ? ; Naud. in
Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xviii. 91 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 98.

India, cultivated. — Distbib. China, Malaya.

Except in the fruit this agrees altogether with T. cucumerina, of which it is
probably a cultivated form. The fruit, used as a vegetable, is eminently polymor-
phous. Miquel places this species at the head of his Involucrarim which he states to
have great leafy sheathing bracts to the male flowers, but in the Indian T. anguina
these bracts are minute.

11. T. lobata, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 701 ; leaves cordate orbicular 5-lobed
half-way down or more lobes acuminate pubescent, fruit oblong acute, seeds

9 smooth. Wall. Cat. 6693.

Deccan Peninsula ; Wight ; Bottler, G. Thomson, See.

Stem and petioles with flaccid hairs. Leaves pubescent beneath, and with flaccid
hairs ; tendrils 3-5-fid. Fruit 2-4 by 1-2 in., acute at both ends. Seeds half-ellip-
soid, compressed, margins entire. — Probably a variety of T. cucumerina, as suggested
by W. $ A. Prodr. 350. T. lobata, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 98, having
the seeds tubercled (from Chittagong) is perhaps nearer T. cucumerina or T. anguina
as here understood : but the three species are difficult to separate.

12. T. int eg rifolia, Thivaites Enuni. 127, not of Kurz ; dioecious, leaves
glabrous nerved elliptic or ovate acuminate less often lanceolate 3-nerved entire
coriaceous base rounded or cordate, tendrils simple, flowers somewhat large
solitary, fruit spherical shortly apiculate, seeds numerous crowded.

Ceylon, alt. 2000-4000 ft. ; Thwaites.

Leaves 2^-6 by l£-2 in. ; petiole § in. Fruit 2 in. diam., red. Seeds % in.r
smooth, oblong, oblique, compressed, truncate at the hilum, with two indentations
at the vertex, testa blackish green. — Not seen. The above description is translated
from Mr. Thwaites, who has been careful in communicating examples to Kew of all
his types ; but his No. 1629 is not to be found in its place. Mr. Thwaites describes
no bracts to the male inflorescence, and if the male flowers are all solitary the species
must be near T. dioica, Eoxb.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

T. macbosiphon, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1172, pt. ii. 308, from Tenasserim, in
the absence of both the male inflorescence and the fruit cannot be identified from the
description. It might be T. cordata, Roxb.

Tbichosanthes sp.» Griffith (No. 2543 Kew Distrib.); nearly glabrous, tendrils
2-fid, leaves 3-foliolate very coriaceous, leaflets lanceolate nearly entire the central one
somewhat obovate the lateral ones unequally auricled on the outer base, petiole nearly
2 in., petiolules § in., fruit oblong-ovate but nearly spherical red with yellowish
streaks, seeds very many in green pulp brown compressed, margin somewhat angular
at the hilum end. — Malacca, Griffith. — This imperfect description is drawn up from
a fragment with leaves and from Griffith's note of the fruit attached thereto. The
characters appear nearly those of Telfairia, but the habit and texture are those of
Hodgsonia ; while from Griffith's description of the fruit it appears he did best by
placing it provisionally in Trichosanthes.

Gymnopetalum] lxv. cucuRBiTACEiE. (C. B. Clarke.) 611

3. GYMNOPETALUM, Am.

Twining herbs, tendrils usually simple or 2-fid. Leaves petioled, 5-angular,
nearly entire or deeply Ipbed. Flowers white (or yellow ?), somewhat large ;
monoecious at least, sometimes : male peduncles in fully developed plants 2
from each axil, the earlier 1-flowered, the later longer racemose, either often
suppressed; bracts in the' racemes persistent, large lanceolate incisecUor small :
females 1-flowered usually in separate axils. Male: calyx-tube long, contracted
near the mouth, limb of 5 lanceolate segments; petals 5, not fimbriate on
margin ; stamens 3 ; anthers included, connate, elongate, 1-celled, 2-celled,
cells conduplicate ; rudiments of the ovary 1. or 3, small, linear. Female : calyx
and corolla as in the male ; ovary oblong ; style long, stigmas 3 short linear ;
ovules horizontal, many ; placentas 3, long, vertical. Fruit ovate-oblong, acute
at both ends. Seeds many or few, ellipsoid, compressed, margined, nearly
smooth. — Distrib. Species 5 ; in India, China and Malaya.

1. Cr. cochinchinense, Kurz in Flora 1871, 295 ; leaves 5-angled or
lobed about half-way down, bracts to the male racemes prominent narrowed
at the base deeply lacerate at the apex. Bryonia cochin-chinensis, Lour. Fl.
Cochinch. 595; DC. Prodr. iii. 305. Momordica tubiflora, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii.
711, not of Wallich. Tripodanthera cochinchinensis, Roem. Synops. ii. 48.
Scotanthus tubiflorus, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xvi. 172, t. 3. , Tricho-
santhes cucumerina, Wall. Cat. 6690 E. T. ? Fatoa, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 6695.
Bryonia grandis, Wall. Cat. 6700 K, L.

Sikkim, up to 2000 ft. alt. Assam, Cachar and Bengal, common. Chota Nag-
pore. Tenasserim ; Heifer. — Distrib. Malaya, China.

Stems slender, 5-angular, more or less scabrous-hairy. Leaves 2-3 in. diam., sca-
brous on both surfaces ; tendrils simple or 2-fid. Male racemed peduncle sometimes
6-8 in., usually shorter ; bracts f in., incise-serrate, lobes often again incised. Calyx-
tube | in., villous, closed by deflexed hairs within above the stamens. - Rudiments of
the ovary in the male flower 3. Petals £ in., ovate, entire or somewhat crenate.
Fruit 2 by | in., orange-red, somewhat scabrous,- with 10 longitudinal ribs, pulp
greenish, not very succulent. Seeds \ by ^ and ^ in. thick.

2. G. quinquelobum, Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 681 ; leaves subor-
bicular deeply 5-lobed lobes often subpinnatifid, bracts of the male racemes
oblong serrate. Scotanthus Porteanus, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, v. 25.
? G. heterophyllum, Kurz in Trimen Journ. Bot. 1875, p. 326.

Rangoon; McClelland. Pinang; Porter. Malay Peninsula ; Griffith. Singa-
pore ; G. Thomson. — Distrib. Malaya to Borneo.

Agrees very closely with the last species : the segments of the leaves lire here
narrow, subsinuate, 3-fid or pinnatifid, but graduate towards the half-lobed form of
G. cochinchinensis. — Kurz's G. heterophyllum agrees as described with the present
species ; it is perhaps a specimen with poorly developed male racemes. Kurz says
the flower is white, and quotes Bryonia heterophylla, Wall. Cat. 671 1, which obscures
the whole matter, for that plant is Bryonia palmata, Wall, (now Cephalandra) while
B. heterophylla, Wall. No. 6704- (and of which there is a solitary sheet) differs al-
together from Mr. Kurz' description and is a Cerasiocarpum.

3. G-. Wigflitii, Am. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 278 ; leaves 5-angled or
-lobed, bracts of the male racemes small simple linear. Thwaites Enum. 127.
G. zeylanicum, Am. I. c. Bryonia tubiflora, W. 8? A. Prodr. 347. Cucurbita
umbeUata, Wall. Cat. 6724.

rr 2

612 lxv. cucurbitacejj. (C. B. Clarke.) [Gymnopetalurn.

South Deccan Peninsula ; Wight ; Canara, Hohenacker No. 662. Ceylon, as-
cending to 5000 ft., Walker, Gardner, Thwaites.

Leaves 2 in. diam., more or less pubescent on both surfaces, denticulate, lobes acute
or obtuse or 0 ; petiole 1 in. Male racemed peduncle 2 in. ; flowers crowded, sub-
umbellate; bracts \ in., linear, pedicels often \ in. ; peduncle of the female flowers
§ in. Calyx-tube £ in., slender, with scattered hairs or very pilpse, lobes small. Petals
\ in. (yellow according to Arnott and Hook, f.i whiter according to Thwaites). Rudiment
of the ovary in the male flower simple. Fruit l£-2 in., red, more or less hairy, not
ribbed, Sjpeds J by ~ in., without corrugations or angles. — Bryonia tubiflora, Wight
No. 1118 has the calyx-tube pubescent and is nowise distinguishable from the Ceylon
plant as Mr. Thwaites surmised in Enum. p. 127.

4. Cr. integrifolium, Kurz in Flora 1871, 295 ; leaves cordate-ovate
nearly entire, male peduncles 1-flowered solitary without bracts. Oucumis in-
tegrifolius, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 724 ; Wall. Cat. 6730. Trichosanthes officinalis,
Wall. Cat. 6694. T. integrifolia, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 99.

Bengal ; Roxburgh. Ponlong (Irrawaddy estuary) ; Wallich.

Stem scabrid; tendrils undivided in Wallich' s specimen (2-fid in Roxburgh's
drawing. Leaves 3 in. diam., very harshly scabrous above, densely villous beneath,
margin undulate scarcely denticulate ; petiole 1 in. Flowers monoecious, all solitary,
white; male peduncle 1£ in., female peduncle £ in. Male: calyx- tube elongate,
densely brown-villous, teeth 5, lanceolate ; corolla divided nearly to the base, lobes
obovate, entire, yellow-veined, pubescent. Female : calyx and corolla as in the
male ; stigmas 3, oblong. Fruit from Roxburgh's figure -|-| in. diam., orange-red,
globular, smooth. — Wall. Cat. 6694 consists of three leaves with one male peduncle
and calyx, and a detached fruit ; the leaves resemble those of Trichosanthes dioica,
Roxb.

4. WARE A, C. B. Clarke.

Extensively scandent, tendrils 2-3-fid. Leaves long-petioled, ovate or
deeply 5-lobed. Flowers large, yellow, dioecious; males frequently two
peduncles from one axil, one early deciduous 1-flowered, the other bearing a
raceme without bracts ; females solitary on long peduncles. Male : calyx-tube
cylindric, narrow, then suddenly widened campanulate subhemispheric, teeth 5,
linear ; petals 5, ovate, nearly separate, entire ; stamens 3 ; anthers connate,
included, one 1-celled, two 2-celled, cells conduplicate. Female : calyx and
corolla as in the male ; ovary oblong ; style long, with 3 wide stigmatic lobes ;
ovules horizontal, many, placentas 3, vertical. Fruit oblong, attenuate at both
ends, 3-angular, 6-ribbed, 3-valved nearly to the base. Seeds in each cell
about 16, in two rows, horizontal, compressed, ellipsoid, smooth.

Diffe* from Gymnopetalum by the large campanulate mouth to the calyx, by the
divided tendrils, and the anthers exserted from the tubular portion of the calyx.
Named after J. Ware Edgar, C.S.I.

1. W. tonglensis, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 129. Gym-
nopetalum sp. No. 6, Herb. Ind. Or., H.f. $ T.

. Sikkim, alt.«6000- 10,000 ft., very common ; H.f. J. D. H. ; Tonglo N., C. B. Clarke.
Stem and peduncles nearly glabrous. Leaves 6-9 by 4-5 in., polymorphous, cor-
date, denticulate, nearly glabrous, ovate acute or 5-lobed or cut nearly to the base
into narrow segments ; petiole 4 in. Male peduncle 8 in., pedicels £- f in. Calyx-tube
\\ in., pubescent, cylindric portion more than f in. Petals f in. Fruit 4 by l£ in.
Seeds § in., packed in a fibrous almost juiceless pulp. — This is one of the three species
included in Herpetospermum by J. Hooker in Gen. PI. i. 834.

HerpetosjpermumJ lxv. cucurbitaceje. (C. B. Clarke.) 613

r>. UBBPETOSPERMUM, Wall.

Ext< .dvils 2— °)-fid. Leaves long-petioled, cordate, ovate,

little lobed. Fi \oWt dioecious ; males frequently two peduncles

from one axil, one early deciduous 1-fiowered the other racemose without
bracts ; females solitary on very short peduncles. Male : calyx-tube elongate,
cylindric at the base, abov' t'u3Wtt*liaped ; teeth 5, long, linear ; petals

5, elliptic, nearly separate, entire : stamens 3 ; anthers connate, included, one
1-celled, two 2-celled, cells conduplicate. Female : calyx and corolla as in the
male; ovary oblong, 3-celled, -style long, with three oblong bifid stigmatic
lobes ; ovules pendulous, 4-6 in-ueach cell. Fruit broad-oblong, narrowed at
both ends, 3-angular, irregularlyMnuate-costate, valves 3 separating from the
axis nearly to the base. Seech in two rows in each cell, flat, oblong, pendulous,
the lower end corrugate or almost 3-lobed.

1. K. caudig-erum, Wall. Cat. 6761. Bryonia? pedunculosa, Seringe
in DC. Prodr. iii. 306. Bampinia herpetospermoides, C. B. Clarke in Journ.
Linn. Soc. xv. 130.

Temperate Himalaya, from Simla and Ktjmaon to Bhotan, alt. 5000-8000 ft. ;
very common in Sikkim. Khasia Mts. ; Wallich.

Stem and peduncles more or less pubescent. Leaves 4-.6 in. long and broad, usu-
ally pubescent on both surfaces, serrate, acuminate ; petiole 2-4 in. Male peduncle
8 in., pedicels 1 in., hairy. Calyx-tube 1 in., pubescent without. Petals often 1 in.
Eudiment of the ovary in the male linear, simple. Fruit 3 by l£ in., more or less
pubescent. Seeds usually 12 sometimes 18, A by £ and £ in., thick, often exhibiting
(when dried) wavy marks on the surface, packed in a fibrous almost juiceless pulp. —
Wallich's Khasia specimen exhibits ripe seeds which are very narrow, incised at the
lower end so that the middle lobe appears as a spinous tooth. Lady Dalhousie's
examples collected at Simla are nearly glabrous with smaller flowers. Herpetosper-
mum of Bth. §■ Hk. f. Gen. PI. i. 834, described from imperfect materials, includes
H. caudigerum, Warea tonglensis and Edgaria darjeelingensis. The generic character
did not fit Warea or Edgaria and required emendation as to the ovules and seeds
of Wallich's Herpetospermum.

6. LA GEN ARIA, Seringe,

Large climbers, pubescent, tendrils 2-fid. Leaves ovate or orbicular, cordate,
dentate ; petiole long, with two glands at its apex. Floivers large, white, soli-
tary, monoecious or dioecious, the males long- the females short-ped uncled.
Male : ' calyx-tube funnel-shaped subcampanulate, teeth 5 narrow ; petals 5,
free, obovate ; stamens 3 •, anthers connate, included, one 1-celled, two 2-celled,
cells conduplicate ; rudiment of ovary 0. Female : calyx and corolla as in the
male ; ovary oblong, style short with 3 bifid stigmatic lobes ; ovules many,
horizontal ; placentas 3, vertical. Fruit large, ultimately thick membranous or
almost, woody, indehiscent, polymorphous, usually broader upwards. Seeds
very many, horizontal, compressed, with a marginal groove, smooth.

1. L. vulgaris, Seringe in DC. Prodr. iii; 299; W. $ A. Prodr. 341 ;
Wight III. t. 105* ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 100. L. vittata,
hispida and idolatrica, Seringe I. c. 299. Oucurbita Lagenaria, Linn. ; Lamk.
III. t. 795 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 718 ; Wall. Cat. 6719,—Pheede Horl. Mai.
viii. t. 5.

614 lxv. cucurbitacej:. (0. B. Clarke.) A [Lagenaria.

Cultivated throughout India. — Distrib. Cultivated ioJ^^Bppics and warm
temperate zones of the whole world. « j| IjL -

Leaves often 6 in. diam., softly pubescent on both saMMl, > ss 5-angular

or 5-lobed. Male peduncle often 6 in., female 1 in. Calya

Petals 1-2 in. Fruit often \\ ft., in India ujpkliv < <J^^^^ll-shaped.

Seeds § by | and £ in. thick, with an imprejM^jgroove paralleJ^^Hpnnd near the
margin.

7. LUPPA, Cav.

Climbers, large or small, pubescent ov nearly glabrous ; tendrils 2-5-fid.
Leaves cordate, usually 5-angular or 5-lotoed ; petiole without glands at its
apex. Floioers yellow or white, monceciousj males and females often from the
same axil ; females solitary or panicled, rnSles on long or short racemes or
clustered. Male : calyx-tube top-shaped, lobes 5, triangular or lanceolate ;
petals 5, obovate ; stamens. 3, rarely 5, filaments 3 free or connate ; anthers ex-
serted free, one 1-celled, the others 2-celled, cells sigmoid often on the margin of
the broad connective. Female : calyx-tube shortly produced above the ovary ;
lobes and corolla as in the male ; ovary oblong, style cylindric, stigma 3-lobed ;
ovules very many^ horizontal. Fruit large or small, oblong (not spherical),
smooth or angular or spinous, ultimately fibrous, not succulent, 3-celled, usually
circumsciss near the top. Seeds many, oblong, compressed. — Distrib. Species
10, in the warmer regions of the Old World several widely cultivated, one
indigenous in America.

* Stamens 5.

1. Zi. graveolens, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 716 ; male pedicels clustered in
the axils without bracts, females often in the same axils 1-3 on the peduncle
each 1-bracteate, fruit with numerous soft bristles. Wall. Cat. 6752 ; Naud.
in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xii. 124 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 101.

Sikkim, alt. 1000-2000 ft. ; J. D. H. Rajmahal Hills; Roxburgh. Plain of
East Bengal ; C. B. Clarke. Chittagong ; Kurz. — Distrib. North Australia.

Stems long, little villous ; tendrils 3-5-fid. Leaves 3 in. diam., reniform-orbicular,
5-angled, denticulate, punctulate, scabrous above, pubescent on the nerves beneath ;
petiole 2-3 in. Male pedicels few, much shorter than the petiole ; petals 5, \ in.,
yellow, entire ; stamens 5. Female peduncle short, sometimes divided with 2-3
flowers, each pedicel carrying a small ovate entire thick bract ^ in. Fruit 2 by 1 in.,
covered with papillae, scarcely spinous, obscurely 10-striate, dehiscing horizontally
near the top, stopple without papillae. Seeds scarcely 5. in., very many, packed in
fibres, smooth, not margined.

2. Xi. aeg-yptiaca, Mill, ex Hook.f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 530 ; male
flowers racemed on long peduncles, .fruit elongate clavate smooth 10-ribbed or
somewhat, 10-angular. DC. Prodr. iii. 303. L. pentandra, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii.
712 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 343 ; Wall. Cat. 6751 ; Wight. Ie. t. 499. L. racemosa,
Roxb. I.e. 715. L. clavata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 104, FL Ind. iii. 714. L.
acutangula, W. 8f A. L c, not of Roxb. L. C}4indrica, Roem. Synops. ii. 63 ;
Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xii. p. 119 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii.
100. L. Petola and Cattu-picinna, Seringe in DC. I.e. L. Parvala, Wall.
Cat. 6758. L. Gosa, hederacea and Satpatia, Wall. Cat. 6753, 6755, 6757.
Bryonia cheirophylla, Wall. Cat. 6715 A. Momordica Luffa, Linn. — Rheede
Hort. Mai. viii. t. 8, with many other synonyms for which see Naudin I. c.

Thoughout India very common, often cultivated. — Dis»bib. Cultivated throughout
the tropics, native country uncertain (Naudin).

Luffa.] lxv. cucurbitace^. (C. B. Clarke.) 615

Extensively climbing hairy ; tendrils 2-3-fid. Leaves 4 in. diatrf., reniform-
orbicular, 5-angled or somewhat 5-lobed, dentate, usually scabrous, punctate on both
surfaces, pubescent on the nerves beneath ; petiole 2 in. Male peduncleJi ^n., flowers
often approximate near the summit; pedicels short, each carrying a sma.ll ovate
viscid entire bract sometimes obsolete. Petals 5, f-1 in., yellow, often' "fttRXfdlevated
hairy green ^ins. Stamens 5. Female flower solitary, peduncle 1-3. A\T Fruit
5-12 in. Seeds ^ by nearly \ in., usually black, very narrowly winged, -smooth or
very sparingly tuh^rcled. — The pedicels are rarely elongated nLSaip.qtia, Wall.) ;
one example of Falconer's has the racemes compound. The fflft being the part
eaten and attended to in cultivation is hence vexy variable : ancrao gfcod character
founded on it can be drawn between this species and L. acutangula. 'T

** Stamens 3. ♦ .

3. Zi. acutangula, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 713 ; fruit elongate 10-angled
not covered by spines or papillae. DC. Prodr. iii. 302 ; Wall. Cat. 6759 ;
Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afn. ii. 530, excl. syn. ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
1877, pt. ii. 101, excl. many syn. Oucumis acutangulus, Wall. Cat. 6736.

North- West India ; Boyle. Sikkim ; J. D. H. Assam ; Masters. Plain of East
Bengal; C. B.Clarke. Ceylon; Thwaites. — Distbib. Malaya.

Very near L. pentandpa from which it differs by having 3 stamens as noted by Rox-
burgh and verified by Thwaites. The fruit is usually smaller, often only 3-4 in. —
The figure of L. faetida in Cav. Ic. i. t. 9, shows clearly 5 stamens and is not
Roxburgh's plant. Bheede Hort. Mai. viii. t. 7, is much more probably L. agyptiaca
. than this species. L. acutangula No. 1106 in Herb. Wight is peritandrous and is
L. cegyptiaca exactly. All these, and all descriptions founded on them, are not here
included in L. acutangula, Boxb.

Var. amara, Roxb. FL Ind. iii. 715 (sp.) ; fruit oblong 10-angled without spines
or papillae. Wall. Cat. 6754 A; W. A. Prodr. 343 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 102;
Xaud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xii. 123. L. Plukenetiana, DC. Prodr. iii. 302.
Momordica tubiflora, Wall. Cat. 6749. — From nearly all India especially the Western
side. Naudin, who retains L. amara as a species, says it is " exceedingly near L.
acutangula but distinguished by the leaves a little smaller and sometimes whitish."
. The typical L. amara has the leaves softly pubescent at least while young, for they
become in age scabrous.

4. Zi. echinata, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 104 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 716 ; fruit ellip-
soid densely covered with bristles. Wall. Cat. 6756 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 343 ;
Date. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 102; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 101. L.

- Bindaal, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 104 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 717.

Gujerat ; Dalzell. Scinde ; Stocks. Purnea^ (Bengal) ; J£urz. Dacca ; C. B.
Clarke. — Distmb. Tropical Africa.

Climbing not extensively, sparingly scabrous-pilose; tendrils 2-fid. Leaves 1-2 in.
diam., cordate, reniform-orbicular, entire or obscurely 5-angular or 54obed, or cut
almost to the base into 5 narrow sinuate-pinnatifid segments, dentate ; petiole
1-2 in. Male peduncles normally paired, one 1 -flowered the other racemed very
long 6 in. or more, pedicels 1 in. ; flowers small, white, without bracts. Filaments 3,
two with 2-celled anthers. Peduncle of the solitary female very short. Fruit \\ by
£ in., ribs not visible; spines ^ in., ciliate; stopple without spines, calyx-teeth per-
sistent. Seeds } in., many, slightly scabrous.

Var. hngistylis, Edgw. in Journ. As. Soc. 1852, p. 270 (sp.) ; male raceme shorter
than the leaves, spines of the fruit fewer themselves glabrous. — Banda, Edgeworth. —
The leaves are not more dissected than in some Bengal typical L. echinata, nor are
the styles longer. The whole male raceme is much shorter than the accompanying
1 -flowered male peduncle.

616 lxv. cucurbitace^. (C. B. Clarke.) [Luffa,

5. Ii. Kleinii, W. fy A. Prodr. 344 ; young fruit spinous, spines densely-
woolly. L. umbellata, Roem. Synops. ii. 63. Cucurbita umbellata, Heyne in
Herb. Bottler; Wall. Cat. 6724; DC. Pi-odr. iii. 318.

Travancore ; Klein. Coromandel (?) Wight.

Agrees closely with L. echinata and may be a variety of it, b-tft; the stamens
differ ; the filaments being three, of which two are bifid below the anthers.

W

T

8. BENINCASA, Savi.

A large climber, softly hairy, tendrils 2-fid. Leaves cordate, reniform-
orbicular, more or less 5-lobed; petiole without glands. Flowers large, yellow,
monoecious, all solitary, without bracts. Male : calyx-tube campanulate,
lobes 5, leaf-like, serrate ; petals 5, nearly separate, obovate ; stamens 3, in-
serted near the mouth of the tube; anthers exsert, free, one 1-celled, two
2-celled, cells sigmoid. Female : calyx and corolla as in the male ; ovary
oblong, densely hairy ; style thick, with 3 flexuose stigmas ; ovules numerous,
horizontal ; placentas 3. Fruit large, fleshy, oblong, pubescent, indehiscent.
Seeds many, oblong, compressed, margined.

1. 8. cerifera, Savi; DC. Prodr. iii. 303 ; W. 8f A. Prodr. 344 ; Mia.
Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 665 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xii. 87 ; Kurz in
Journ. As. Soe. 1877, pt. ii. 101. Cucurbita Pepo, Lour. Fl. Cochinc. 593 ;
Roxb. Fl. Lnd. iii. 718. C. hispida, Wall. Cat. 6723. C. farinosa, JBlume
Bijd. 931. Gymnopetalum ? calyculatum, Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. Suppl. 332. —
Rheede ITort. Mai. viii. t. 3.

Throughout India cultivated. — Distrib. Cultivated in Malaya, China, Japan,
Tropical Africa ; where wild uncertain.

Leaves 4-6 in. diam. ; petiole 3-4 in. Male peduncle 3-4 in., female peduncle
1-2 in. Calyx-teeth when young often narrow, scarcely serrate. Fruit 1-1^ ft.,
cylindric, without ribs, hairy, ultimately covered with a waxy bloom. Seeds % by
yin.

9. MOMOR3ICA, Linn.

Climbing, with simple tendrils. Leaves cordate, petioled, undivided in the
Indian species. Flotpers yellow or white, monoecious or dioecious, females soli-
tary peduncled, males solitary or racemed, bracteate or not. Male : calyx-tube
short, campanulate (with 2-3 basal oblong incurved scales ex Hook, f.) lobes 5 ; %
corolla 5-partite nearly to the base ; stamens 3 (2 in M. Cymbalarid) ; filaments
short; anthers at length free, one 1-celled, one or two 2-celled, cells con-
duplicate, or in M. Cymbalaria horse-shoe-shaped. Female : calyx and corolla
as in the male ; ovary oblong ; style long, stigmas 3 ; ovules very many, hori-
zontal placentas 3. Fruit oblong or spherical, rough or smooth, indehis-
cent or 3-valved, many- or few-seeded. Seeds obovate or complanate, smooth
corrugate or sculptured. — Distkib. Species 26f chiefly in the warmer parts of
Africa, several in Tropical Asia, few in Tropical America. — The genus is here
artificially separated from Luffa by its simple tendrils.

* Male peduncles \-Jloivered.

1. UK. Charantia, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 311 ; monoecious, bract about
the middle of the male peduncle orbicular entire, fruit ovoid narrowed to both
ends many-ribbed covered with triangular tubercles. Roxb. Fl. Lnd. iii. 707 >

f

ft

Momordica.'] lxv. cucurbitace;e. (C. B. Clarke.) 617

Wall. Cat. 6746 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 348 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2455 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
i. pt. i. 663 ; Wight Ic. t. 504 ; Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 102 ; Naud. in Ann. St.
Nat. ser. 4, xii. 131 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 102. M. humilis,
Wall. Cat. 6747. M. muricata, DC. I.e.; Roxb. I.e.; Wall. Cat. 6745; Miq.
1. c. M. senegalensis, Lamk. ; DC. 1. c. Oucumis africanus, Bot. Reg. t. 980. —
Rheede Hoi't. Mai. viii. t. 9, 10.

Throughout India, cultivated. — Distrib. Malaya, China, Tropical Africa.

Leaves 1-3 in. diam., orbicular, glabrous or slightly pubescent, cut nearly to the
base into 5-7 narrow sinuate or subpinnatifid lobes. Male peduncle 2-4 in., slender,
bract. Calyx-lobes ovate, acute. Petals f-f in., yellow. Female peduncle 2-4 in.,
slender, bracteate near the base ; ovary fusiform, muricate. Fruit 1-3 in., rostrate.
Seeds | in., compressed, corrugate on the margin, somewhat sculptured.

2. KK. Balsamina, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 311; monoecious, bract very
near the top of the male peduncle orbicular denticulate variegated, fruit ovoid
narrowed to both ends smooth. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 664 ; Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 757, excl. syn. Wight ; Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Prop. Afr. ii. 537, not
of Wallich, nor of W. $ A. Prodr. 349.

Punjab ; T. Thomson, Edgeworth. North-West India ; Boyle. Scinde ; Stocks.
— Distrib. Malaya, Australia, Western Asia, Africa to the Cape.

Glabrous or nearly so. Leaves l£-3 in. diam., orbicular, palmately 3-5-lobed to
about the middle, lobes acutely lobulate, punctulate on both surfaces ; petiole
f-1^ in. Male peduncle 1-3 in. ; calyx-lobes ovate or oblong, acute ; petals J-Jj in.,
yellowish, black at the base. Female peduncle short, less than \ in., ebracteate. Fruit
1-3 in., rostrate, red, usually quite smooth, in the example of Edgeworth's obscurely
ribbed and slightly muricate. Seeds § in., compressed, nearly smooth.

3. IKE. dioica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 709 ; dioecious, petiole without glands,
bract near the top of the male peduncle, flowers large yellow, fruit densely
covered with soft spines. DC. Prodr. iii. 312; W. § A. Prodr. 348; Wight
Ic. tt. 505, 506 ; Dene, in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 71 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 102 ;
Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xii. 133 ; Thivaites Fnum. 126, as to var. a. ;
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 102. M. Balsamina, Wall. Cat. 6741 ;
W. 4" A. Prodr. 349, not of others. M. Wallichii, Roem. Synops. ii. 58 ; Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 664. M. renigera, Hamiltoniana, and Heyneana, Walk
Cat. 6743, 6744, 6748. M. Missionis, Wall. Cat. 6739 ; Dennst. in Miq. I. c.
M. subangulata, Blume ex Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 102. Tricho-
santhes Russeliana, Wall. Cat. 6696. Bryonia grandis, Wall. Cat. 6700 L.

Throughout India, from the Himalaya to Ceylon and Singapore, ascending to
5000 ft. alt. on the hills. — Distrib. Malaya. •

Leaves 2-4 in. long and broad, cordate, ovate, acute, entire, denticulate or more or
less 3-5-lobed, glabrous, often punctate beneath; petiole 1-2 in. Male peduncle
2-6. in. ; bract large, cowl-like, embracing the expanded flower, glabrous, thin or
(in M. Missionis) thick soft pubescent ; calyx-lobes oblong with a narrow termination ;
petals 1 in., full-yellow, the two 2-anthered filaments 2-fid half way down. Female
'peduncles as long as the male, bract small usually near the base. Fruit 1-3 in.,
ellipsoid, acute, without ribs. Seeds nearly ^ in., many, compressed, broad-oblong,
with a few well-marked corrugations on the margins, nearly smooth on the surface. —
The large succulent Lower Bengal form cannot well be confounded with any other ;
but both from the Deccan Peninsula and Punjab there is a much slenderer form, the
males of which have been referred to M. Balsamina (the intense spinousness of the
young ovary prevents the female plants being mistaken): they usually have the
leaves much less dissected, and M. Balsamina almost invariably exhibits both male
and female flowers on the same branch. M. Missionis, Wall., is the slender form

618 lxv. CUCURBITACE.E. (C. B. Clarke.) [Momordica.

with a glabrous small bract to male flower : M. renigera, Wall, has a large woolly
bract : M. Heyneana, Wall, has the leaves deeply 3-iobate : M. Hamiltoniana, Wall.
has the bract foliaceous crumpled serrate. M. Balsamina, Wall, is the typical M.
dioica, Boxb. Thwaites' M. dioica j8 denudata is altogether remote from M. dioiea
(see No. 5).

4. IKE. cochinchinensis, Spreng. Syst. iii. 14; dioecious, petioles
glandular, bract near the top of the male peduncle, flowers large white, fruit
muricated, seeds large. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 102. M. mixta,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 709 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 349 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 664 ;
Bot. Mag. t. 5145 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xii. 132. M. dioica, Wall.
Cat. 6750 A, B, C, D, E, F. Muricia cochinchinensis, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 733 ;
DC. Prodr. iii. 318.

Bengal to Tenasserim, common. Deccan Peninsula ; Wight. Canara ; Law. —
Distrib. Formosa, Philippines.

Leaves 4-5 in. diam., cordate, ovate, usually 3-lobed, glabrous or a little pubes-
cent, often punctate beneath, little dentate ; petiole 2-3 in., almost invariably glan-
dular on its middle a6 well as apex. Male peduncle 2-6 in., bract often pubescent,
embracing the expanded flower ; petals 1-2 in., white tinged with yellow, 3 with
black spots at the base 2 with yellow glands ; the two 2-anthered filaments not 2-fid.
Female peduncle 1-2 in., bract small about the middle. Fruit 4-5 in., ovate,
pointed, bright red, very fleshy, without ribs, covered with conical points nearly
■£ in. high. Seeds ■§■ by -f and | in. thick, many, horizontal, irregular, ovate, com-
pressed, black, corrugated on the margins, sculptured on the faces.

** Male peduncles several-lowered.

5. 1*1. denudata, Thwaites Fnwn. 126 ; dioecious, leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, flowers small, many males on one raceme with inconspicuous bracts, fila-
ments 3, anthers conduplicate, fruit ovoid rostrate muricated with triangular
papillae.

Ceylon ; alt. 3000-4000 ft. ; Gardner, Thwaites, Walker.

Slender, climbing, nearly glabrous; tendrils simple. Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in., deeply
cordate, often 3-5-angled or sparingly 3-5-lobed, central lobe always long acute ;
petiole 1 in. Male peduncle 2 in., often somewhat panicled nearly from the base and
10-20 mostly pedicelled flowered; bracts at the base of the pedicels minute; sepals
ovate, acuminate ; petals ~ in. ; filaments inserted near the top of the calyx-tube,
anthers much exsert. Female peduncle 1 -flowered, about as long as the male, bract
, minute near the middle. Fruit § in. long and broad, suddenly rostrate.

This species is evidently closely allied to the next which Sir J. Hooker removed
from Luffa (where Eoxburgh placed it) because of its simple tendrils. But the ex-
sert anthers, the shape of the flowers and their being pedicelled, all ally M. denudata
and M. Cymbalaria \»th Luffa rather than Momordica.

6. XtX. Cymbalaria, Fend in PI. Kotschy, No. 147 ; monoecious, leaves
reniform-orbicular, flowers small, males few on one raceme with inconspicuous
bracts, filaments 2, anthers horseshoe-shaped, fruit obovate-oblong acute 8-
ribbed smooth. Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 540. Luffa tuberosa, Roxb.
Rort. Beng. 104 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 717 ; W. § A. Prodr. 344. L. amara, Wall.
Cat. 6754 B.

Deccan Peninsula ; Wight. Mysore ; Heyne. Concan ; Stocks. — Distrib. Tro-
pical Africa.

Boot a large woody tuber as in many others of the genus. Leaves 1-2 in. broad,
5-angular or slightly 5-lobed, middle lobe not elongated, glabrous or slightly pubescent,
often punctulate on both surfaces, dentate ; petiole £-1 \ in. Male raceme 1-2 in., with
usually only 2-4 flowers ; calyx-lcbes lanceolate ; petals \ in., yellow ; filaments 2,

Momordica.'] lxv. cucurbitacej:. (C. B. Clarke.) 619

one 2-fid one 3-fid so each with one anther-cell; filaments inserted near the top
of the calyx-tube, anthers completely exsert. Female peduncle f-2 in., 1 -flowered,
ebracteate. Fruit f by scarcely | in. Seeds £- £ in., few, shortly obovoid, smooth,
shining. ,

10. CUCUMXS, Linn.

Climbing herbs, hispid or scabrous ; tendrils simple. Leaves petioled, pal-
mately 3-7-lobed or 5-angled or entire, dentate or serrate. Flowers yellow,
monoecious, males clustered in the axils, females solitary, all shortly peduncled.
Male : calyx-tube top-shaped or campanulate, lobes 5. Stamens 3 ; anthers
free, one 1-celled, two 2-celled, cells conduplicate or much flexuose, connective
produced in a crest. Female : calyx and corolla as in the male ; ovary ovoid,
style short, with three obtuse stigmas ; ovules very many, horizontal ; placentas
3. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent, large or small, spherical or elongate, smooth or
tuberculate. • Seeds very many, oblong, compressed^ mostly smooth. — Distrib.
Species 25, of which half are African, a few in the tropical regions of Asia,
Australia and America, and several widely cultivated of doubtful origin.

1. C. trig- onus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 722; leaves and petioles scabrid not
softly hairy, petioles £-§ in., flowers small, ovary hairy sometimes densely
white woolly or silky, fruit about 1£ in. ultimately glabrous ellipsoid or ob-
ovoid round or obscurely trigonous. W. %■ A. Prodr. 342 ; Wight Ic. t. 497 ;
Wight III t. 105 ; Boiss. Fl Orient, ii. 758 ; Dalz. Sf Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 103 ;
Naud. in Ann. Se. Nat. ser. 4, xi. 30. C. turbinatus, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii. 723 ;
W. fy A. Prodr. iii. 342 ; Miq. Fl Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 671. C. maderaspatanus,

Roxb. I.e. 723; Wall. Cat. 6734. C. Melo var. agrestis, Naud. I.e. 73. C.
pubescens, Wall. Cat. 6729 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 342 ; Bogle III. t. 47 ; Wight Ic.
t. 496 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 103, perhaps not of WilH. and others. C.
pseudo-colocynthis, Bogle III. t. 47. C. eriocarpus, Boiss. Diagn. ii. 59.
Bryonia callosa/JTerft. Bottler ; Wall Cat. 6710.

Throughout India. — Distreb, Malaya, North Australia, Afghanistan, Persia.

Root perennial, by which character alone it can be distinguished from C. Melo
according to Naudin, but the examples seen and collected in India are almost inva-
riably less than one year old. Stem in the typical examples scabrid ; tendrils short.
Leaves 1-2 in. diam., orbicular subpentangular, in the typical plant deeply palmate-
lobed, lobes very scabrid and often narrow ; in the more flaccid G. pubescens the hairs
more scattered, the leaves entire, 5-angled 5-lobed ; petiole £-1^ in. Peduncles of
males and females £-1 in. Fruit sometimes with a few scattered hairs, often with
10 stripes. — The plants marked by Indian botanists as C. pubescens are reduced to
C. trigonus by Naudin in the Kew Herbarium. Kurz (in 3ourn.»As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii.
103) separates C. trigomts with solitary peduncles from C. pubescens with clustered
peduncles and makes the latter a variety of C. Melo, Linn. C. pubescens of Thwaites
Enum. (C. P. 3534) has remarkably acute lobes to the leaves and resembles C.
Hardwickii, but there is no note of the fruit.

2. C. prophet arum, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 301 ; leaves and petioles
scabrid not softly downy, flowers small, petals £ in., ovary very tuberculate,
fruit about 1 in. more or less tuberculate ellipsoid. Wall. Cat. 6733 ; W. 8f A.
Prodr. iii. 342 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 758; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xi. 14.

Scikde ; Stocks. — Distbib. Boloochistan, Arabia, Tropical Africa to Guinea.

Stem scabrid; tendrils short. Leaves 1-1^ in., reniform, subtriangular, much
lobed ; petiole £-1 in. Female peduncle less than £ in., stout. Fruit green, with
paler vertical stripes.

620 • lxv. cucuRBiTACEiE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Cucutnis.

3. C. IMCelo, Linn.', DC. Prod?', iii. 300; leaves orbicular-reniform 5-
angular or lobed lo"bes neither deep nor acute scabrid on both surfaces and also
often with soft hairs, petals £ in., fruit glabrous or somewhat hairy not spinous
nor tuberculate. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 720 ; Wall. Cat. 6738 ; W. $ A. Prodr.
341 ; Jacq. Monog. du Melon, t. 1-33. C. utilissimus, Roxb. 1. c. 721 ; Wall.
Cat. 6731; W. $ A. Prodr. 342. 0. flexuosus, Linn. ; DC. I.e.) W. $ A.
Prodr. iii. 342. 0. maculatus, Willd. ; DC. 1. c. 301 ; W. $ A. Prodr. iii. 342.
0. Gurmia and C. Chata, Wall. Cat. 6726? and 6727. 0. cicatrisatus, Stocks
in Hook. Kew Journ. JSot. iv. 148.

Throughout India, cultivated. — Distrib. Cultivated in most hot countries, and
perhaps the cultivated form of C. trigonus.

Stems scabrous. Leaves 3 in. diam. ; petiole 2 in. Female peduncle sometimes
2 in. Fruit spherical ovoid elongate or contorted. — The Melon.

4. C. sativus, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 300 ; leaves ovate 5-angular or
slightly lobed, lobes acute hispidulous on both surfaces and also o/ten with soft
hairs, petals f in., fruit glabrous sometimes tuberculated commonly elongate.
Lamk. Lll. t. 795; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 720 ; Wall. Cat. 6737 ; W. $ A. Prodr.
342 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 671 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xi. 27 ;
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 103. 0. muricatus, Wall. Cat. 6735 A.
C. Hardwickii, Royle III. t. 47.—Rheede Hoi't. Mai. t. 6.

Throughout India, cultivated. — Distrib. In all warm and warm temperate coun-
tries, cultivated ; where wild unknown.

Stems scabrous. Leaves 3-5 in. diam. ; petiole 2-3 in. Female 'peduncle some-
times 2 in. Young ovary muricate with rigid prickles. Fruit commonly cylindric,
12 by 1£ in. — The Cucumber.

Var~ sikkimensis, Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6206"; fruit 15 by 6 in. clavate with 5
placentas. Concombre du Sikkim, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xi. 28. Cultivated
in Nipal and Sikkim, J. D. H., &c.

11. CITXtULLUS, Schrader.

Climbing herbs, hispid or scabrous ; tendrils 2-3-fid. Leaves petioled, pal-
mately 3-7-lobed, usually deeply with narrow sinuate-pinnatifid segments, but
.sometimes little lobed. Flowers monoecious, all solitary, tolerably large. Male :
calyx-tube campanulate, lobes 5 ; stamens 3, short ; anthers scarcely cohering,
one 1- celled, two 2-celled, cells conduplicate, connective not produced
Female : calyx and corolla as in the male ; ovary ovoid ; style short, stigmas 3,
reniform ; ovules very many, horizontal ; placentas 3. Fruit globose or ellip-
soid, smooth, fleshy, indehiscent. Seeds very many, oblong, compressed, smooth.
— Distrib. Species 2, widely cultivated.

1. C Colocynthis, Schrad. in Linncea 1838, 414 ; leaves deeply divided
harshly scabrid, fruit globose rarely 3 in. diam. intensely bitter. Am. in Hook.
Journ, Bot. iii. 276 ; Wight Ic. t. 498 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 662 ; Naud.
in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, vol. xii. 99 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 101 ; Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 759. Cucumis Colocvnthis, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 302 ; Roxb. FL
Ind. iii. 719 ; Wall. Cat. 6732 ; W. $ A. Prodr. iii. 342.

Throughout India, cultivated and also very often apparently wild. — Distrib.
Western Asia, Arabia, all Africa except the Cape, Spain.

Whole plant scabrid. Leaves 2\ by scarcely 2 in. in the typical wild very scabrous
form, larger in the cultivated forms approaching C. vulgaris, ovate, middle segment
compound-pinnatifid ; petiole 1 in. Petals ± in., obovate, light . yellow. Ovary
villous. Fruit smooth, variegated green and white. Seeds £-£ in., not margined.

Citrullus.'] lxv. cucurbitace^. (C. B. Clarke.) 621

2. C. vulgaris, Sehrad. in Linncea 1848, 412 ; leaves deeply divided or
but moderately lobed glabrous or somewhat hairy hardly scabrid, fruit often
10 in. diam. sometimes much smaller. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xi. 100 ;
Dalz. 8r Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 102; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 103. 0.
fistulosus, Stocks in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iii. t. 3. Cucumis Citrullus, DC.
Prodr. iii. 301. Cucurbita Citrullus, Linn. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 319 ; Wall. Cat.
6717; W. 8f A. Prodr. 351.

Throughout India, cultivated. — Distbib. ' In all warm countries of the world, cul-
tivated.

Said to be annual while C. Colocynthis is perennial ; but the distinction between
the cultivated form of C. Colocynthis and the divided-leaved forms of the water-melon
is very small. The water-melon- has either sweet or bitter fruit: when the latter,
it is Citrullus amarus of authors. — C. fistulosus, Stocks, has thick stems, leaves
sparingly lobed, and is plentifully supplied with long somewhat hispid hairs. — The
Water- Melon.*

12. CfiPKALANDRA, Schrader,

Climbing herbs, scarcely hairy ; tendrils simple. Leaves petioled, 5-angular or
5-lobed, toothed. Floicers dioecious, moderately large, all solitary and white in
the Indian species, ebracteate. Male : calyx-tube campanulate, short, limb 5-
lobed ; corolla campanulate, 5-lobed about half-way down ; stamens 3 ; anthers
exsert, connate, one 1-celled, two 2-celled, cells conduplicate. Female : calyx
and corolla as in the male ; ovary oblong, style long with 3 bifid stigmas ; ovules
many, horizontal ; placentas 3, vertical. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent, cylindric,
smooth. Seeds many, ovoid, compressed, margined. — Distrib. Species 12;
all African, one extending to India and Malaya.

1. C. indica, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, v. 16; leaves 5-angular
occasionally 5-lobed, fruit 1-2 by £-1 in. Kurz in. Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii.
103. Momordica monadelpha, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 708. Bryonia grandis, Linn,
f. SuppU 126 ; Wall. Cat. 6700, except D, I, K, L. B. palmata, Wall. Cat.
'6711 A, B, C. Coccinia indica, W. $ A. Prodr. 347 ; Wight III. 1. 105 ; Dene,
in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 72 ; Hook. Ic. PL t. 138 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 673 ;
Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 103. C. Schimperi, Naud. I. c. ser. 4, xii. 16. C.
Wightiana, Roem. Synops. ii. 93 ; Miq. I. c. 674. — Rheede Hort. Mai. viii. t. 14.

Throughout India, common. — Distbib. Malaya, Africa.

Leaves 2-4 in. diam., 5-angular, papillose, seabrid ; petiole 1 in. Male : peduncle
1 in., jointed below the flower; calyx-lobes linear-oblong; corolla nearly 1 in., lobes
long- triangular. Female peduncle about % in. Ovary smooth. Fruit bright scarlet.

Vab. palmata, W. & A. Prodr. 348 ; leaves deeply lobed segments sometimes nar-
row and sinuate. B. alceaefolia. Herb. Bottler. — Principally in the Deccan Peninsula.
Hook.f. in Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afr. ii. 551 keeps C. quinqueloba {Sehrad. in Eckl. $ Zeyh.
Enum. 280) distinct from this var., but it is not easy to do so. — Whether this plant
is Bryonia grandis, DC. Prodr. iii. 305 with aculeate fruit, or B. Mormoi of the same
work, also said to have acufeate fruit, is perhaps now not material.

13. CUCURBITA, Linn.

Large climbing herbs, hispid or hairy ; tendrils 2-4-fid. Leaves petioled, cor-
date, ovate, 5-angular or lobed. Flmvers monoecious, all solitary, yellow, very
large. Male : calyx-tube campanulate, lobes 5, linear or foliaceous ; corolla

622 lxv. cucuebitace^. (C. B. Clarke.) [Cvmrbita.

carnpanulate, 5-lobed hardly half-way down; stamens 3, inserted low in the calyx-
tube, anthers connate, one 1-celled, two 2-celled, cells conduplicate. Female :
calyx and corolla as in the male ; ovary oblong-, style short, stigmas 3, bifid ;
ovules very many, horizontal; placentas 3. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent, often
large. Seeds ovoid or oblong, compressed, margined or not. — Distrib. Species
5, whereof 4 are cultivated, 1 is said to be wild in Africa.

1. C. maxima, Duchesne in Lamk. Diet. ii. 151 ; leaves with 5 shallow
lobes or subentire sinus between the lobes narrow, hairs of the petiole equal
not pungent, calyx-segments lanceolate-linear, fruiting peduncle stout corky
striated not grooved. DC. Prodr. iii. 316 ; Wall. Cat. 6720 ; Naud. in Ann.
Sc. Nat. ser. 4, vi. 17.

Throughout India, cultivated. — Distrib. Cultivated in all warm and temperate
parts of the globe.

Annual. Leaves 4-6 in. diam., hispidulous and also with much soft hair, denti-
culate ; petiole often nearly as long as the blade. Male peduncle 4 in., female 1^ in.
Corolla 3-4 in. — The Common Gourd.

2. C. moschata, Duchesne ; DC. Prodr. iii. 317 ; hairs of the petiole
equal not pungent, calyx-segments spathulate or foliaceous. Naud. in Ann.
Sc. Nat. ser. 4, vi. 47 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 104. 0. maxima,
W. Sf A. Prodr. 351 ; Wight III. t, 105 ; Wight Ic. t. 507. 0. Melopepo, Roxb.

Fl. Ind. iii. 719 ; Wall. Cat. 6725. 0. Camolenga, Wall. Cat. 6718.—Rheede
Hort. Mai. viii. t. 2.

Throughout India, cultivated. — Distrib. Widely cultivated 'in tropical and sub-
tropical regions. — The Musk-Melon.

3. C. Pepo, DC. Prodr. iii. 317 ; leaves 5-lobed sinus between the lobes
broad, hairs on the petiole beneath rigid almost prickly, fruiting peduncle woody
strongly grooved. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 718 ; W. 8f A. Prodr. 351 ; Naud. in
Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, vi. 29 ; Wall. Cat. 6722.

Throughout India, cultivated. — Distrib. Cultivated in all warm and temperate
parts of the globe. . •

Annual. Leaves 4-6 in. diam., with much soft hair, hispidulous on the nerves
beneath, denticulate, lobes acute often slightly lobed ; petiole often nearly as long as
the blade. Male 'peduncle 4 in. or more, female \\ in. Corolla 3-4 in. — The Pumpkin.

14. BRYONIA, Linn.

Climbing herbs, scabrid or glabrous ; tendrils 2-fid in the Indian species.
Leaves petioled, palmately 5-lobed or 3-5-angular. Flowers small, yellowish,
males and females clustered in the same axils (in the Indian species shortly pedi-
celled). Male: calyx-tube widely carnpanulate, 5-toothed; corolla 5-partite;
stamens 3, inserted low down the calyx-tube, anthers free, two 2-celled one
1-celled; cells curved or somewhat sigmoid, never quite conduplicate, connec-
tive not produced ; rudiment of ovary 0. Female : calyx and corolla as in the
male ; ovary ovoid ; style slender, 3-fid at the top, no disc at the base in the
Indian species ; ovules many, horizontal, placentas 3. Berry spherical, indehis-
cent. Seeds not very many, oblong or ovoid, compressed.— Distrib. Species
12, in the warm and temperate regions of the old world.

1. B. laciniosa, Linn.', DC. Prodr. iii. 308; scabrous or nearly glabrous,
leaves generally deeply palmately 5-lobed sinus sometimes shallow, fruit nearly

Bryonia.] lxv. cucurbitaceje. (C. B. Clarke.) 623

sessile often 2-3 together, seeds ovoid with a thickened corrugate margin often
with large protuberances on the faces. JRoxb. Hort. Beng. 104 ; Fl. Ind. iii.
728; Blume Bijd. 927; Wall. Cat. 6699; Wight Ic. t. 500; W. 8? A. Prodr.
345 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 660 ; JDalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 101 ; Kurz in
Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 104. Bryonopsis courtallensis, Am. in Hook. Journ.
Bot. iii. 274. B. erythrocarpa, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xviii. 194.
B. laciniosa, Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 556. Cucumis verrucosus,
Herb. Bottler.

From the Himalaya to Ceylon. Pegu ; Kurz. — Distrib. Trop. Africa, Mauritius,
Malaya, Australia.

Stems angular, slender, usually glabrous or nearly so. Leaves often scabrous,
punctate above, lobes 2-3 in., with a broad or narrow sinus ; petiole often longer
than the blade, sometimes muricate near the apex. Male •pedicels less than 1 in.,
usually glabrous, female still shorter. Calyx-teeth subulate. Fruit £ in. diam., green
with white vertical stripes. Seeds \ in.

15. ZKUK.IA, Am.

\

Scabrous climoing herbs ; tendrils simple.- Leaves 3-7-angular, not deeply
lobed, cordate, petioled and subsessile on the same plant. Flowers small, yel-
low,' males and females clustered in the same axils ; males very short-peduncled,
females subsessile. Male : calyx campanulate, teeth 5, subulate ; corolla 5-
partite ; stamens 3, inserted low in the calyx-tube, anthers free, two 2-celled
one 1-celled; cells* straight, connective not produced. Female: calyx and
corolla as in the male ; disk annular ; ovary ovoid, hispid ; style thick, apex
3-2-lobed ; ovules not very many, horizontal ; placentas 3-2. Berry globose,
small, indehiscent. Seeds not very many, ovoid, compressed, strongly margined,
faces rough or smooth. — Distrib. Species 2; one South Indian; the other
African, Asiatic, and Australian.

1. M. scabrella, Am. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 276; very scabrous,
leaves rough hispid beneath, seeds rough on their faces. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat.
ser. 4, xii. 142 ; Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 100. M. maderaspatana, Kurz
in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii* 104. Bryonia scabrella, Linn. f. Suppl. 424 ;
DC. Prodr. iii. 306 ; Wall. Cat. 6708 ; W. 8c A. Prodr. 305 ; Wight Ic. t. 501 :
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 724 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 658. B. Wightiana, Wall.
Cat. 6703. B. maderaspatana and althaeoides, DC. 1. c. 306. Cucumis made-
raspatanus, Linn. Sp. PI. 1438. Karivia javanica, Miq. I. c. 661. Tricho-
santhes dioica, Wall Cat. 6692 C.

Throughout India, common : ascending the hills as far as subtropical warmth
extends. — Distrib. Africa, Malaya, Australia.

Stem angular, slender, hispid or scabrid. Leaves 1-3 in., serrate ; petiole often very
short, sometimes 1 in. or more. Flowers ^—^ in. diam. Ovary very hispid. Fruit
§-^ in. diam., bright red.

Var. gracilis ; leaves 4£ by 2^ in. hastate elongate very acute wide at the base
long-petioled nearly entire. Bryonia gracilis, Wall. Cat. 6714. — Pagamew (Bcjrma);
Wallich. Possibly a distinct species.

2. BX. leiosperma, Thivaites Enum. 125 ; scabrous, leaves hispid beneath
and with much long soft hair, seeds smooth on their faces. Bryonia leio-
sperma, W. fy A. Prodr. 345. B. mysorensis, Miq. in Herb. Hohenack.

Deccan Peninsula; Pulney Mts., Wight. Nilghiris, G. Thomson, Holienacker.
Ceylon ; alt. 4000-5000 ft., Thwaites.

624 lxv. cucurbitace^;. (C. B. Clarke.) [MuJcia.

Nearly allied to M. scabrella. Leaves densely softly villose beneath when young
and often when old, elongated acute at the apex. — Mr. Thwaites says the rudimen-
tary pistil in the male flowers is more developed than in M. scabrella and is surrounded
at the base with an annulus.

16. ZEHNERIA, Endl.

Climbing herbs ; tendrils simple. Leaves long- or short-petioled, dentate,
angular or deeply lobed, polymorphous. Flowers small, yellowish, monoecious or
dioecious, males in a peduncled corymb, females solitary on short peduncles or
sometimes subcorymbose on a longer peduncle ; bracts 0 or very small. Male :
calyx tubular-canipanulate, teeth 5 small ; corolla divided nearly to the base
into 5 triangular segments ; stamens 3, inserted low in the calyx-tube, filaments
glabrous or hairy (in the same species), anthers free, all 2-celled or (in the
same species) one 1-celled : anther-cells curved or (in the same species) flexuose
or sigmoid ; connective often papillose at the top, scarcely produced, Female:
calyx and corolla as in the male ; ovary globose or oblong, glabrous or very
hairy ; style cylindric, 3-lobed, surrounded at the base by an annular disc ;
ovules many, horizontal; placentas 3. Fruit succulent, indehiscent, globose
ellipsoid or * cylindric. Seeds many or few, obovoid rounded or compressed,
with or without a margin, faces smooth or somewhat tubercular or pitted. —
Distrib. Species 15 (according to Bth. & Hk. f.) or 5 only ; in tropical Asia,
Australia, and Africa, with one species in South America.

1. Z. Baueriana, Endl. Lconogr. 1. 116, 117 ; leaves cordate acute simple
or 3-5-lobed half way down, petiole longer than the auricles, fruit £ by f in.
when dry reticulate-rugose ellipsoid, seeds much compressed oblong margined
smooth or slightly tuberculate on the faces. Z. mucronata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
i. pt. i. 656. Bryonia mucronata, Blume. Bijd. 923. B. mysorensis, Wall. Cat.
6702 | W. 8r A. Prodr. 345 ; Wight Ic. t. 758 ; Dalz. Sf Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 101.
? B. filiformis, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 727. Karivia samoensis, A. Gray in Seem.
Fl Viti 103.

Deccan Peninsula ; Wight ; Heyne ; Nilghiris, G. Thomson ; Canara, Stocks ;
Belgaum, Ritchie. — Distrib. Malaya, Japan, Norfolk Island, Feejees; but the area
cannot be separated from that of the next species.

Weak, nearly glabrous. Leaves 2 in. diam., generally sharply denticulate ; petiole
^ in. or short. Flowers frequently monoecious in the same axils, sometimes apparently
dioecious ; male peduncle usually 1-2 in., female less than \ in., undivided in all the
Indian examples, but occasionally the female peduncle is elongate umbellate accord-
ing to "Wight. — Roxburgh's Bryonia filiformis perhaps belongs here, but the ripe
fruit is said to be near 1 in. It has been referred to Melothria indica, but the
inflorescence is quite unlike that, as are the yellow flowers and stamens of Rox-
burgh's picture.

2. Z. Hookei iana, Am. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 275 ; leaves cordate
acute simple or angular or 3-5-lobed half-way down, petiole longer than the
auricles, fruit f in. diam. when dry reticulate-rugose globose, seeds much
flattened oblong margined smooth or slightly tuberculate on the faces. Kurz
in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 105. Z. exasperata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
655. Z. scabra, Harv. 8f Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 486 ; Bryonia Hookeriana, W. ty A.
Prodr. 345. B. cissoides, Wall. Cat. 6698. ? B. oxyphylla, Wall. Cat. 6697
(no Jlowers).

North Bengal ; common in Sikkim, Assam, Khasta, and Cachar, ascending to
.5000 ft. alt. Deccan Peninsula and Ceylon, common ; apparently always in the
lower hills.— Distrib. Ava, Malaya, Africa.

Zehneria."] lxv. cucurbitace^:. (C. B. Clarke.) 625

Very near Z. Baueriana and possibly not distinct : but the ovary is globose even
before the expansion of the flower. The leaves are also generally asperous above and
sometimes much more hairy beneath than in any undoubted examples of Z. Bauer-
iana. The African distribution of this cannot be defined, as Z. scrobiculata and even
PUogyne lucida, Naud. can hardly be distinguished from it.

3. Z. umbellata, Thwaites Enum. 125 ; leaves cordate or hastate
rounded angled lobed or 3-5-partite nearly to the base, petiole usually shorter
than the auricles, fruit f-l£ in. smooth or shortly silky eylindric not rugose,
seeds few obovoid only slightly compressed margin obscure rounded faces quite
smooth or slightly rough. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 105. Z. hastata
and connivens, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 656. Karivia umbellata, Am. in Hook.
Journ. Bot. iii. 275; Miq. I. c. 661. K. Rheedii, Roem. ; Miq. I. c. 661. Momor-
dica umbellata, Roxb. Fl. hid. iii. 710. Bryonia umbellata, Klein; DC Prodr.
iii. 305 ; Wall. Cat. 6705 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 345 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 101.
B. sinuosa, Wall. Cat. 6716, partly. B. amplexicaulis, Lamk. Diet. i. 496 ; DC.
I c. 306; W. 8f A. Prodr. 346. B. sagittata and Rheedei, Blume; DC. I. c.
305, 306. Harlandia brvonioides, Hance in Walp. Ann. ii. 648. — Rheede Hort.
Mai. viii. t. 26.

Throughout India and Ceylon, very common. — Distrib. Malaya, China, North
Australia.

Stem and leaves usually nearly glabrous, or leaves scabrous above ; petiole short,
often hispid. Leaves polymorphous; sometimes 6 by scarcely 1 in., narrow triangular-
lanceolate, sometimes cordate-oblong much rounded, often palmate nearly to the base
with 3-5 narrow divaricate segments; basal lobes usually produced strongly backwards,
rounded subacute or most acute. Inflorescence usually dioecious, male corymbose on a
peduncle 2-4 in. or sessile; pedicels glabrous or hairy, subbracteate ; females solitary,
very short peduncled. Young ovary narrow-oblong, glabrous or somewhat pubescent.
Fruit bright-red, usually much larger than that of the two preceding species. Seeds
about 12; sometimes only 4-6 in the typical Z. umbellata, as said always in Z.
amplexicaulis by W. & A. — Wight says that Z. umbellata may be distinguished from
Z. amplexicaulis by having small oblong bracts on the middle of the pedicels, but
these cannot be made out even in Wight's own specimens.

Vae. nepalensis, leaves deeply o-palmate with narrow lobes, scattered glands,
young ovary densely velvety, seeds oblong slightly compressed quite smooth and
rounded with no trace of a margin. Bryonia nepalensis, Seringe in DC. Prodr. iii.
307. — Temperate Western Himalaya, alt. 4000-7000 ft.; Boyle; Thomson; Jacque-
mont; Strachey $ Winterbottom, &c. — A variety many times collected but only within
a very limited area in G-urwhal, Kumaon and Kunawur.

17. IttELOTHRIA, Linn.

Climbing herbs ; tendrils simple or 2-fid. Leaves petioled, deltoid, truncate
or hastate, entire or deeply 3-lobed, little hairy, often punctate. Flowers small,
white, usually monoecious, males and females often from the same axil ; male
pedicels long, clustered (rarely subsolitary) in the axils, or clustered on long
racemes resembling branches without leaves; female long-pedicelled. Male:
calyx-tube short, teeth 5, small ; corolla 5-partite ; stamens 3, inserted in the
middle of the calyx-tube ; anthers free, one 1-celled, two 2-celled ; cells free,
straight, simple, more or less lateral, connective prolonged, undivided, glabrous.
Female : calyx and corolla as in the male ; ovary oblong, style long, stigmas 3
subglobose ; ovules many, horizontal ; placentas 3, vertical. Fruit indehiscent,
globose, acute, or fusiform subrostrate. Seeds many, small, oblong, much com-
pressed, obscurely margined, smooth or very nearly so. — Distrib. Species 25,
all tropicaL

* Fruit fusiform, subtrigonous.
vol. n. s s

626 lxv. cucurbitace^:. (0. B. Clarke.) [Melothria.

1. UK. zeylanica, C. B. Clarke ; tendrils simple, leaves not lobed little
cordate, male pedicels clustered in the axils, fruit If in. fusiform. M. del-
toidea, Thwaites JEnum. 124. yEchmandra deltoidea, Am. in Hook. Journ. Bot.
iii. 274. Bryonia deltoidea, Am. Pugill. 19.

Ceylon; common up to 5000 ft., Walker; Gardner.

Nearly glabrous, stems thin. Leaves 2 by 1^ in., acute, often punctate on both sur-
faces; petiole 1 in. Pedicels of males and females about as long as the petioles.
Corolla hairy round the throat ; rudimentary ovary of the male depressed-globose:
Ovary fusiform ; stigma large, 3-lobed. Fruit ^ in. broad, obtusely trigonous, almost
rostrate. Seeds ^ in., packed in three columns. — The name M. deltoidea is pre-
occupied by Benth. in Flora Nigrit. 368 for a different plant.

2. M. Wallichii, C. B. Clarke ; tendrils simple, leaves not lobed little
cordate, male peduncle racemed, fruit 2 in. fusiform. Bryonia odorata, Wall.
Cat. 6706 D.

Pbome (Burmah) ; Wallich.

Stem glabrous. Leaves 2-3 by 2^—3^ in., very broadly deltoid, sharply trian-
gular, sinuous scarcely denticulate, scabrous above with flat round glands, slightly
hispid beneath. Male raceme nearly as in M. odorata. Fruit pedicel f in. Fruit
rostrate, attenuate at the base, resembling closely that of M. zeylanica but rather
larger. Seeds nearly \ in., larger than those of M. zeylanica, many, oblong, very
complanate, hardly margined, smooth on the faces.

** Fruit globose, subquadrate, obtuse.

3. BX. indie a, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 43 ; tendrils simple, leaves more or
less cordate entire or somewhat 3-lobed, male pedicels clustered in the axils,
fruit £ in. ellipsoid pointed. DC Prodr. iii. 313 ; Naud. in Ann..Sc. Nat. ser.
4, xvi. 169, with a Jig. ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 105. M. Regelii,
Naud. I. c. ser. 5, v. 35. iEchmandra indica, Am. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 274:
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 658. Bryonia tenella, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 725.

Sikkim, alt. 3000 ft. ; C. B. Clarke. Silhet in the Jheels ; H. f. # T. Chitta-
gong ; Kurz. — Distbib. Malaya to the Philippines, China, Japan.

Nearly glabrous, stem slender. Leaves \\ by 1^- in., acuminate or scarcely acute,
often punctate on both surfaces ; petiole 1 in. Pedicels of males and females about
as long as the petioles. Point of the connective short. Fruit white, seeds strongly
margined (ex Naudin). — This appears exceedingly rare in India : but it may be
doubted whether the next is other than a form of it : see Benth. Fl. Hongk. 125.

4. IMC. odorata, Hk. f. 8f T. in Herb. ; tendrils simple, leaves more or
less cordate entire or somewhat 3-lobed, male pedicels in distant clusters on
long racemes, fruit §-£ in. globose quadrate very obtuse. Bryonia odorata,
Ham. in Wall. Cat. 6706 A. B. C.

Nobth-West Himalaya ; Boyle. Throughout the plain of East Bengal, common,
and ascending the hills to 7000 ft. alt.

Nearly glabrous, stem often stouter than in M. indica. Leaves 2-3 by l£-2£ in.,
acute, often punctate on both surfaces ; petiole 1-1| in. Male peduncle long, some-
what zigzag, with a cluster of pedicels (each £-f in.) at each angle ; female pedicel
as long as the petiole. Corolla white, with much hair round the throat. Connective
not much produced ; rudiment of ovary in the male flower globose depressed. Seeds
£-£ in., not or very obscurely margined. — This species has been separated from M.
indica by the long raceme of the male flowers, which, however, does not essentially
differ. The fruit appears very obtuse, the degree of margination of the seeds can
hardly be relied on.

Vab. triloba ; lobes of leaf divaricating sometimes very narrow and long, petiole
often shorter than in the type. Bryonia triflora, Wall. Cat. 6707. — East Bengal;

Melothtia.'] lxv. cucurbitace^. (C. B. Clarke.) 627

Soorma Bank, Griffith (Keif Distrib. No. 2530). — The male inflorescence and the
fruit are altogether those of M, odorata ; the leaves unlike.

5. RX. bicirrhosa, C. B. Clarke', tendrils 2-fid, leaves deeply cordate
ovate caudate-acuminate, male inflorescence elongate racemed.

Birma ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2522).

Nearly glabrous ; stem like that of M. odorata ; tendrils stout all 2-fid. Leaves 4
by 3 in. ; petiole 2-3 in. Inflorescence exactly as in M. odorata. Male flower alto-
gether of the genus, anthers lateral on the connective which is long produced above
them : rudiment of the ovary depressed globose. Fruit not seen. — This appears as
an excessively developed M. odorata.

18. RHYNCHOCARPA, Schroder.

Climbing herbs ; tendrils simple. Leaves petioled, orbicular and undivided in
the Indian species. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, very small ; males sub-
corymbose on a short peduncle; females solitary (rarely aggregated), subsessile,
sometimes in the same axil with the male. Male : calyx-tube campanulate,
teeth 5, small ; corolla 5-partite ; stamens 3 (rarely 5) ; anthers free or united
one 1-celled, the others 2-celled ; cells straight ; connective crested 2-lobed or
long-produced in two points. Female: calyx and corolla as in the male;
ovary ovoid, beaked ; style ending in 2 rarely in 3 long stigmas ; ovules not
many, horizontal ; placentas 2 rarely 3, vertical. Fruit ovoid, rostrate, inde-
hiscent. Seeds ovoid, compressed, not very many. — Distrib. Species 5; in
warmer Africa, one also in Western India.

1. It. fcetida, Schrad. in Linncea, xii. 404 ; foetid, scaberulous-pubescent,
stigmas 2, fruit £ in. globose pubescent beak nearly £ in., seeds 4-6. Naud. in
Ann. Sc.Nat. ser. 4, xii. 146. R. rostrata, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii.
105. JEchmandra rostrata, Am. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 274 ; Dalz. fy Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 100. Bryonia pilosa, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 104, Fl. Inch iii. 726. B.
filicaulis, Wall. Cat. 6713. B. rostrata, Bottler ; DC. Prodr. iii. 304 ; Wall. Cat.
6701 ; W. 8r A. Prodr. 346. B. Perottetiana, Seringe in DC. I c. Tricho-
santhes fcetidissima, Jacq. Ic. Bar. t. 624, Melothria foetida, Lamk. Diet. iv. 87.
Cyrtonema convolvulacea and divergens, Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 286.

Guzerat ; Dalzell. Deccan Peninsula ; Bottler ; Wight. Malabar Hills ? Stocks ;
Dr. Ritchie. Ava, Wallich. — Distrib. Tropical Africa and Natal.

Stem somewhat stout, pubescent. Leaves 2 in. diam., orbicular or ovate, cordate,
dentate ; petiole ^-1 in. Male racemes small, scarcely 1 in. Calyx hairy with subu-
late teeth. Connective'of each anther produced into a long curved pointed horn. Fruit
bright red, 2-celled. Seeds £ in., distinctly margined.

SPECIES IMPERFECTLY KNOWN.

E. ? dei/toidea, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 105; leaves deltoid with
spreading acute basal lobes rough above, berries smooth glabrous.
Upper Tenasserim, Attaran, Brandts ; Pegu and Prome, Kurz.
Not seen ; from the description it may be a variety of B. fcetida.

19. COEALLOCARPUS, Welw.

Climbing or prostrate herbs, scabrid or subtomentose ; tendrils simple. Leaves
petioled, roundish-cordate, somewhat thick, entire lobed or palmate. Flower*

882

628 lxv. cucuebitace^:. (C.B.Clarke.) [Corallocarpus.

very small, monoecious ; males in a small corymb at the apex of a long peduncle ;
females short-pedicelled or subsessile, solitary or clustered. Male : calyx-tube
campanulate, lobes 5, short ; corolla 5-partite ; stamens 3, nearly sessile at the
mouth of the calyx-tube, anthers free, all 2-celled or one 1-celled ; cells
straight, oblong, lateral on the thin connective which is not produced ; ovary
rudimentary. Female : calyx and corolla as in the male ; ovary ovoid ; disc 0 ;
stigmas 3 or 2; ovules not very' many, horizontal; placentas 3-2, vertical. Berry
ovoid, circumsciss near the base, usually rostrate. Seeds not very many, ellip-
soid or nearly globose, somewhat compressed, smooth or nearly so, little mar-
gined.— Distrib. Species 6, in Tropical Africa, the Persian Gulf, and Western
India.

1. C. epigaea, Hook. f in Gen. PI. i. 831 ; leaves punctate or scabrid
with minute hairs, fruit ellipsoid or ovoid suddenly contracted into the beak
distinctly pedicelled, seeds ellipsoid slightly margined. ^Echmandra epigaea,
Am. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 274 ; Wight Ic. t. 503 ; Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl.
100. Bryonia epigaea, Bottler; Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 619; Wall. Cat. 6709;
W. 8f A. Prodr. 346. B. glabra, Roxb. Hort Beng. 104, Fl. 2nd. iii. 725.
B. sinuata, Wall. Cat. 671 I'D.

Punjab, Kawul Pindee ; X E. T. Aitcheson. Scinde and Gujerat ; Balzell.
Deccan Peninsula ; Bottler ; Wight. Belgaum ; Bitchie. Ceylon ; Thwaites.

Leaves 2 in. diam., nearly entire 3-5-angular or 3-5-lobed ; lobes usually broad
sometimes narrow, commonly roundish or sinuous on the margin ; petiole 1 in. Male
■peduncle l£-2 in., female \-\ in. or sometimes 1 in. Fruit § in., beak \ in. more.
Seeds about six, much longer than broad.

2. C. conocarpa, Hook. f. in Gen. PI. i. 831 ; leaves with minute
white hairs on both surfaces hardly scabrid, fruit sessile conical not suddenly
contracted into the beak, seeds ellipsoid not margined. ^Echmandra conocarpa,
Bah. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 100? C. Fenzlii, Hook.f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 565.

G-ujerat, near Malpor and Gundar ; Balzell. Also in Stocks' collection probably
from Scinde. — Distrib. Central Africa.

Hardly dingers from C. epigcea but in the points specified in the diagnosis. The
leaves are 5-lobed, the lobes lanceolate, acute, narrow at each end.

3. C. velutina, Hook.f. in Gen. PL i. 831 ; leaves shortly villous on both
surfaces, peduncles pedicels and calyx villous, fruit ellipsoid sessile suddenly
narrowed into a short beak, seeds globose compressed hardly margined. ^Ech-
mandra velutina, Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 100. ? C. etbaicus, Hook. f. in Oliv.
Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 567.

Scinde ; Balzell. — Distrib. Persian Gulf and Tropical Africa ?

Whole plant villous. Leaves 2 in. diam., subentire or more or less 3-5-lobed,
lobes rounded ; petiole f in. Male peduncle 3 in. with 12 flowers at the top. Male
and female powers as in C. epigcea. Fruit £ in. the beak \ in. Seeds about 12, £ in.
diam.

20. CERASIOCARPUM, Hook.f.

Climbing glabrous herbs ; tendrils simple. Leaves long-petioled, oblong, cor-
date, nearly entire. Flowers very small, monoecious ; male peduncle carrying a
few clustered flowers at the top ; female flower sessile, solitary, often in the
same axil with the male. Male : calyx-tube short campanulate with 5 minute
teeth; corolla 5-partite; stamens 3; anthers subsessile, distinct, one 1-celled,
two 2-celled ; cells oblong, lateral on the connective which is not produced ;

C&rasiocarpum.'] lxv. cucurbitace^:. (C. B. Clarke.) 629

rudiment of the ovary 0. Female: calyx and corolla as in the male; ovary
ovoid ; disc 0, stigmas 3 ; ovules few, horizontal ; placentas vertical. Fruit
ellipsoid, subsessile, indehiscent, without a beak. Seeds 2-6, ovoid, smooth,
slightly compressed.

1. C. zeylanicum, Hook. f. in Gen. PI. i. 832, female flower sub-
sessile, seeds ovoid smooth slightly compressed. ^Echmandra zeylanica,
Thwaites Enum. 125.

Ceylon ; alt. 3000-5000 ft. ; Thwaites.

Leaves 3-6 in., obtuse or acute, cordate or hastate, almost 3-lobed, entire or
undulate-denticulate; petiole £-l£ in. Flowers \-% in. diam., yellow ; petals broad,
acuminate. Berry at most \ in. diam. Seeds £-£ in. diam., little compressed, incom-
pletely margined, 2-6 to each fruit.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

2. C. ? penangense, C. B. Clarke; female peduncle §-1 A in., seeds much com-
pressed somewhat rugose on the faces. Bryonia heterophylla, Wall. Cat. 6704.

Pinang ; Wallich.

Stems rather strong, minutely pilose ; tendrils simple. Leaves cordate-oblong,
acute, entire slightly denticulate, scabrous above minutely hispid beneath. Flowers
monoecious, all peduncled, solitary female and racemed males from the same axil ;
male peduncle 1£ in. with 8 small pedicels at the summit. Fruit f-£ in. diam.,
smooth, nearly globose. Seeds 4 to 6, £ in., somewhat margined, oblong. — Closely
resembles C. zeylanicum except as to the peduncled female : but there are no flowers
on Wallich's example.

3. ? C. Maingayi, C. B. Clarke ; leaves 3-lobed and entire, female peduncle
^-f in., seeds margined not much compressed very rugose pitted on the faces.

Malacca; MaingayTSo. 1268.

Stems nearly glabrous ; tendrils simple. Leaves 2 by 1£ in., with three divaricate
lanceolate lobes or entire, not much cordate, scabrous on both surfaces ; petiole £ in.
Male "peduncle \\ in. with 8 minute pedicels at the summit ; female from the same
axil. Stamens of the genus. Fruit -| by less than f in., oblong, subacute. Seeds
10-12, less than £ in. — This may be a Melothria, but the long male peduncle with
short pedicels and the unproduced connective do not suit. The capsule and seeds do
not suit Cerasiocarpum.

21. CTENOX.EFIS,.ffoo&./.

Climbing or prostrate scabrous herbs, turning black in drying ; tendrils simple.
Leaves cordate, orbicular, 6-7-lobed ; stipuliform bracts at the axils of the
leaves large round or elliptic, ciliate or dentate. Flowei's minute, monoecious ;
males in small racemes on inconspicuous axile peduncles ; female solitary, short-
peduncled, in the same axil with the male. Male : calyx-tube short, cam-
panulate, lobes 5, subulate ; corolla 5-partite ; stamens 3, filaments very short ;
anthers free, one 1-celled, two 2-celled ; cells straight, connective not produced ;
rudiment of ovary 0. Female : calyx and corolla as in the male ; ovary ovoid ;
1-celled ; disc 0 ; style columnar, stigmas 2 or 3 ; ovules 2 or 3, horizontal ;
placentas parietal. Fruit small, globose or subquadrate, oblique, indehis-
cent. Seeds 2 or 3, ellipsoid, much compressed, acutely margined, some-
what boat-shaped. — Distrib. Species 3 ; in India, Tropical Western Asia and
Tropical Africa. The remarkable stipuliform bracts are characteristic of this
genus.

1. C G-arcini, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5,

630 lxv. cucurbitacej!. (C. B. Clarke.) [Ctenolepis.

leaf not very acute nor much longer than the others, male peduncle less than
\ in., fruit not longer than broad. Bryonia Garcini, DC. Prodr. iii. 308 ;
Koxb. Fl Ind. iii. 727; Wall Cat. 6712; W. $ A. Prodr. 344. Zehneria
Garcini, Stocks in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iv. 149 ; Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 99.

Bundelxtjnd; Edgeworth. Dbccan Peninsula ; Bottler,&x,. Ceylon; Thwaites.

Annual ; stem not elongate, more or less scabrous and punctate, scarcely at all
hairy. Leaves l-l£ in. diam., lobes often sinuate and lobed; petiole £-£ in.;
stipuliform bracts |~in. and more, elliptic, with long cilia. Fruit | by \ in.

2. C. cerasiformis, Naud. in Ann. So. Nat. ser. 5, vi. 13 ; middle lobe
of the leaf acute longer than the others, male peduncle £-1 in., fruit ellipsoid
not in the least narrowed into the peduncle. Zehneria cerasiformis, Stocks in
Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iv. 149.

Sonde ; Stocks. Gtttjerat ; Lalzell. — Distrib. Tropical and Southern Africa.
Hardly distinguishable from C. Garcini. Leaves usually larger, sometimes 3 in.
diam.

22. DXC25X.OSFERMUZK, Q. B. Clarke,

A climbing scabrous herb; tendrils simple. Leaves petioled, cordate or
hastate, ovate, acute, little lobed. Flowers minute ; males and females
clustered in the same axils, short-pedicelled. Male: calyx-tube short, cam-
panulate, teeth 5, minute ; corolla 5-partite ; stamens 3, filaments very short,
anthers free, one 1-celled, two 2-celled ; cells oblong, straight ; connective not
produced. Fruit small, membranous, obovoid, subtrigonous, 1-celled, with 3
basal erect seeds. Seeds with three parallel equal cells, the two lateral empty.

1. D. XLitchiei, C. B. Clarke.

Belgaum ; Bitchie. Also in Herb. Stocks doubtless from Western India.

Exceedingly like Mukia scdbrella except as to the seeds, and the flowers are
smaller. Leaves 2£ by If in., scabrid and somewhat hispid on both surfaces; petiole
f in. Fruit \ in. diam. Seeds £ by \ and ^ in. thick, attached to the very bottom
of the fruit, erect. — Female flowers not seen.

23. THLADIANTHA, Bunye.

Climbing herbs ; tendrils simple, rarely 2- fid. Leaves petioled, entire or tri-
partite, deeply cordate, denticulate, softly pubescent or nearly glabrous. Flowers
dioecious, yellow, large or small. Male peduncles in the fully developed plant
paired, one 1-flowered ebracteate caducous, the other racemed the flowers with
or without bracts; female peduncle elongate, 1-flowered, ebracteate. Male:
calyx-tube shortly campanulate, the bottom shut by a horizontal scale ; seg-
ments 5, lanceolate ; corolla campanulate, 5-partite, segments revolute about
half-way down ; filaments 5, inserted near the mouth of the calyx-tube ;
anther 1-celled, narrow-oblong, straight. Female : calyx and corolla as in the
male ; ovary oblong, style deeply 3-fid with 3 reniform stigmas ; ovules many,
horizontal ; placentas 3, vertical. Fruit ellipsoid, obtuse, indehiscent, green,
cylindric with vertical ribs. Seeds many, horizontal, small, obovoid, com-
pressed, smooth. — Distkib. Species 2, Bengal, Malaya, China.

The generic character is here widened to include the Khasia species. As in most
Cucurbits with paired male peduncles, either the simple or the racemed one is often
wanting, and the two do not flower together ; the simple peduncle generally falls off

Thhdiantha."] lxv. ctjcurbitacej:. (C. B. Clarke.) 631

by the time the racemed one is in blossom. The corolla is slightly oblique ; in
T. dubia besides the normal large male flowers much smaller imperfect ones are often
found.

1. T. dubia, JSunge JSnum. PI. Chin. JBor. 29; leaves deeply cordate ovate
acute undivided, male racemes with prominent bracts, petals § in. golden
yellow. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xii. 150, t. 10 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5469 ; Kurz
in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 102. Momordica calcarata, Wall. Cat. 6740.
Gymnopetalum Horsfieldii and piperifolium, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 680.

Plain of East Bengal common, ascending to 8000 ft. in the hills. The female
plant is rare and has never been collected in the plains. Pegu ; Kurz. — Distrib.
Malaya, China.

A large climber. Leaves 4 by 1\ in., denticulate, not at all angular, usually
villous beneath sometimes nearly glabrous ; petiole 1^ in. Tendrils simple in all the
wild examples, but in Naudin's strong cultivated plants bifid. Male racemes 2-3 in.,
flowers approximated, bracts serrate or incise-serrate ; calyx-teeth very narrow;
filaments minutely hairy. Female peduncle 2-3 in., more or less hairy ; young
ovary densely woolly. Fruit 1^ by ^ in., glabrous, obtuse at both ends. Seeds
scarcely J in. — There is an admirable picture of this plant amongst Roxburgh's
drawings.

2. T. Kookeri, C. B. Clarke ; leaves deeply cordate-ovate acute entire
and tripartite with lanceolate segments, male racemes without bracts, petals
less than £ in.

Assam; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 769, 2553). KhasiaMts., alt. 4000-6000 ft. ;
Myrung and Nunklow ; H.f. $ T.

A large climber ; tendrils simple. Leaves polymorphous, acute, resembling alto-
gether those of T. dubia, but generally less hairy and thinner, or tripartite, with seg-
ments 4 by If in., the two lateral lobes very cordate and auricled on the outer base ;
petiolules hardly £ in. ; petiole 2 in. The female flower in Griffith's example resembles
that of T. dubia but is smaller though the petals are slightly more than £ in ;
peduncle about 1 in. Male racermes \\ in., slender; flowers pedicelled, scattered,
yellow; petals scarcely \ in. ; these small flowers probably correspond to the small
imperfect males often found in T. dubia ; if so the large perfect males of T. Hookeri
are as yet unknown. Fruit (and seeds) altogether like those of T. dubia, but rather
smaller, 1^ in. —The ebracteate male raceme of this with pedicels £ in. is exceedingly
unlike that of T. dubia: but in all other points they appear congeneric, and the
habit is the same.

24. EDGARIA, C. B. Clarke.

A large scandent herb ; tendrils 2-fid. Leaves petioled, entire, ovate, acute,
deeply cordate, more or less pubescent. Flowers large, dioecious, yellow. Male
peduncles paired, one 1-flowered caducous, the other racemed ; bracts 0 or in-
conspicuous; female peduncle elongate, 1-flowered. Male: calyx-tube elon-
gate, funnel-shaped, teeth 5, subulate ; corolla deeply 5-partite, with obovate
acute segments ; stamens 3, included in the calyx-tube ; filaments exceedingly
short ; anthers connate into a cylindric tube, one 1-celled, two 2-celled ; cells
straight, linear-oblong, connective not appendaged. Female : calyx and
corolla as in the male ; ovary narrow-obovoid, 3-celled ; style long, stigmas 3,
oblong, 2-fid ; ovules 1-3 superimposed in each cell, horizontal or subpendu-
lous. Capsule large, broadly fusiform, trigonous, 3-celled, fibrous, dry, 3
valved, valves dehiscing downwards and leaving the trigonous central axis.
Seeds 1-3 in each cell, pendulous, compressed, subquadrate, large, corrugate or
somewhat 3-lobed at the lower end and faces when dry.

632 lxv. CUCURBITACE2E. (C. B. Clarke.) [Fdgaria*

1. E. darjeeling-ensis, C. B. Clarke in Journ. IAnn. Soc. xv. 114.
Gymnopetalum sp. 5, Herb. Ind. Or., H. f. 8f T.

Gurwhal; Falconer. Sikkim, alt., 5000-8000 ft., very common; J. B. H. ; C.B.
Clarke.

Leaves 4 by 3£ in., serrate and denticulate ; petiole 3 in. Male raceme 6 in.,,
female 3-4 in. Calyx-tube f in. Petals £ in., widely patent. Fruit 3 by l^in., some-
what pilose, with 2 wavy vertical ribs on each face. Seed | by £ and ^ in. thick.

25. GOMPHOGYNE, Griff.

Climbing, weak, succulent herbs, tendrils 2-fid or simple. Leaves petioled,
pedate, with 5-7 lanceolate serrate leaflets. Flowers small, monoecious (some-
times at least), males racemed ; females panicled or clustered. Malts : calyx
rotate, 5-partite, with, oblong segments ; corolla 5-partite, with elongate erose
segments ; stamens 5, filaments united at the base ; anthers globose, 1-celled,
straight. Female: calyx produced above the ovary and corolla as in the
male ; corolla-segments caudate ; ovary top-shaped, 1-celled ; styles 3, 2-fid
at the apex ; ovules 3, pendulous. Capsule top-shaped, 3-valved at the wide
truncate summit, crowned by the persistent styles. Seeds 3 (2-1), ellipsoid,
little compressed, black, obscurely margined. — Distrib. Species 2, one in the
Himalaya one in Burma.

1. G. cissiformis, Griff. PI. Canto?', p. 26; capsule somewhat succu-
lent £ in. wide at the summit, seeds £ in. oblong with scaly tubercles on the
rounded faces.

Gtjrwhal, alt. 7500 ft. ; Madden. Ktjmaon ; alt. 7000 ft. ; Edgeworth, Strachey
$ Winterbottom. Sikkim, alt. 5000-7000 ft.;. Lachoong, J. B. H.; Doobdi, C. B.
Clarke.

Leaves 2^ in. diam., glabrous or slightly pubescent; petiole 1-1| in. Male
racemes 1-6 in., often compound (or appearing so), towards the end of leafless branch-
lets. Females clustered near the axils or on panicles 2-4 in. Capsule § in.

2. Gr. heterosperma, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1878, pt. ii. 105 ; cap-
sule dry 9-ribbed \ in. wide at the summit, seed £ in. ovoid rugose-lacunose„
Zanonia? heterosperma, Wall. Cat. 3/28.

Burma ; at Taong-dong ; WalUch.

The leaves and inflorescence closely resemble G. cissiformis. The capsule is \ in.r
but narrow linear-oblong.

26. ACTINOSTEMMA, Griff.

A climbing weak herb ; tendrils simple and 2-fid. Leaves petioled, deeply
cordate or hastate, elongate, much toothed, nearly glabrous. Flowers small,
monoecious, in lax axillary panicles, pedicels jointed about their middle; panicles
frequently male with a few females near the base. Male : calyx rotate, 5-
partite, with lanceolate-linear segments ; corolla 5-partite, segments lanceolate-
caudate ; stamens 5, free ; connective dilated-papillose on one side with a narrow
straight oblong anfher-cell on the other. Female : calyx and corolla as in the
male ; ovary subglobose, verrucose, 1-celled ; style short, with 2 reniform.
stigmas ; ovules 2-4, pendulous, subparietal. Capsule ovoid-conical, half-
superior, covered with rough points,. circuinsciss above the middle. Seeds 2-4,
compressed, ovate, corrugated and denticulate on the margin.

Actmostemma.'] lxv. cucurbitace^!. (C. B. Clarke.) 633

1. A. tenerum, Griff. PL Cantor. 25; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser.
5, v. 39. Mitrosicyos lobatus, Maxim, in Prim. Fl. Amur. 112, t. vii.
Pomasterion japonicurn, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. ii. 80. Sicyos oxyacanthus,

Wall. Cat. 6683. Momordica Paina, Wall. Cat. 6742. Oucurbitacese, Wall.

Cat. 9060.

Plain of East Bengal, frequent. Assam. Silhet. — Distrib. Amurland, Japan.

Leaves 4 by 2£ in., acute, scarcely lobed in the Bengal specimens, palmately lobed
in Maximowicz' ; petiole often 2 in. Panicles 3-6 in. Fruit f by | in., not at all
trigonous, upper part muricated as well as the lower. Seeds £ by § in.

27. GYNOSTEMMA, Blame.

A climbing herb ; tendrils simple. Leaves pedate; leaflets 3-6, ovate-lanceolate,
serrate, membranous. Flowers small, dioecious, in axillary diffuse panicles,
greenish. Male : calyx short, with 5 small lobes ; corolla rotate, 5-partite,
with lanceolate segments; stamens 5, filaments connate below; anthers 2-
celled ; cells long, straight. Female : calyx and corolla as in the male ; ovary
spherical, 3-2-celled ; styles 3-2, united at the base, at the apex 2-fid ; ovules
in each cell 2, pendulous. Fruit globose; size of a pea, umbonate, indehiscent,
1-3-seeded. Seed not winged, verrucose, submuricate.

1. G. pedata, Blume Bijd. 23 ; leaflets glabrous beneath or slightly
pubescent, panicles more or less pubescent. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. ii. 687.
G. cissoides, pedata and Wightiana, Bth. fy Hk. f. Gen. PI. i. 839. Enkylia
digyna and trigyna, Griff. PL Cantor. 27. Zanonia Wightiana, Am. in Hook.
Journ. Bot. ii. 272. Z. cissoidea and laxa, Wall. PL As. Bar. ii. 28, 29;
Wall. Cat. 3726, 3727. Z. pedata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 683. Pestalozzia
pedata, Zoll. et Mor. Syst. Verz. 31. P. laxa, Thwaites JEnum. 124.

Ktjmaon ; Strachey $ Winterbottom. Nipal ; Wallich. Sikxjm, Assam, Khasia,
common up to 5000 ft. alt. Ceylon ; Thwaites. — Distbib. Malaya, Japan.

Glabrous or pubescent. Leaflets 5 or 3 by 1^—2 in., lanceolate or obovate-lanceo-
late ; petiolules ^-^ in. ; petiole 1-H in., often pubescent with a line of crisped hairs.
Panicles usually 3-6 in., sometimes 15 in. by nearly a foot broad, leafless. Styles
3 and 2 on the same plant. Fruit £ in. diam., glabrous or puberulous. Seed £ in.,
ellipsoid, subtrapezoid.

28. ZANONIA, Linn.

Climbing herbs ; tendrils simple. Leaves long-petioled, simple, ovate or ob-
long. Flowers dioecious, in large compound pendulous racemes, males pedicelled,
females subsessile. Male: sepals 3, oblong or orbicular, concave; corolla
rotate, 5-partite, segments subacute ; stamens 5, free, inserted on a fleshy disc,
filaments very short; anthers 1-celled, transversely oblong. Female: calyx
and corolla as in the male ; ovary subclavate, at first 3-celled, styles 3, spread-
ing, 2-fid at the apex ; ovules in each cell 2 or many, pendulous, attached in 2
series to a fleshy parietal placenta. Capsule large, elongate-cylindric, clavate,
3-valved at the truncate apex. Seeds large, oblong, pendulous, compressed,
surrounded by a large membranous wing. — Distkib. Species 2-3, extending-
from India to Borneo.

1. Z. indica, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 298 ; leaves ovate rounded or cordate
at the base glabrous or nearly so, fruit 4 in., seeds few pendulous from the sum-
mit of the fruit (Dalzell) wing 2-3 in. Lamk. III. t. 816 ; Blume Bijd. 937 ;

634 lxv. cucuRBiTACEiE. (0. B. Clarke.) [Zanonia.

W. # A. Prodr. 340 ; Wight HI. t. 103 i Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. FL 99 ; Miq. Fl.
2nd. Bat. i. pt. i. 682.-^Rheede Hort. Mai. viii. t. 47, 48, 49.

Assam and East Bengal ; Griffith. Deccan Peninsula ; Wight. Malabar
Mts. ; Stocks, Law, Dalzell. Ceylon ; not uncommon up to 2000 ft., Thwaites. —
Distrib. Malaya.

Leaves 6-8 by 3-4 in., usually acute; petiole 1 in. Male flowers very small,
pedicels ^-\ in. ; female flowers including the ovary £ in. Ovary early becoming 1-
celled by the separation of the 3 fleshy placentas which only at first meet in its centre.
Seeds much compressed, hardly ^ in. thick.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

?Zanonia; leaves 5 by 2 in. narrow-oblong rounded at the base, tendrils lateral.

Chittagong ; H. f. $ T. — The example contains neither flowers nor fruit, but has
all the appearance of Zanonia to which genus the collectors referred it in the field. —
The only other species of the genus (collected by Beccari in Borneo) has the seed
(including the wings) 6 in. broad curved lunate.

29. ALSOMITBA, Bth. $ Hk.f,

Large climbers; tendrils simple or 2-fid. Leaves with 3 oblong entire
leaflets. Flowers small, dioecious, white, in compound panicles, with filiform
branches. Male : calyx rotate, 5-partite, segments oblong, acute ; corolla
rotate, 5-partite, segments obtuse ; stamens 5, filaments short, near together at
the base ; anthers small, oblong, straight, 1-celled. Female : calyx and corolla
as in the male ; ovary elongate-clavate, 1-celled ; styles 3-4, conical, with
semi-lunate stigmas ; ovules very many, pendulous ; placentas 3, thick, vertical,
parietal. Capsule large, elongate-clavate, truncate and 3-valved at the apex.
Seeds very many, compressed, vertical, in six rows, much corrugated, incised or
horned on the margin with a terminal membranous wing longer than the seed
or 0. — Distrib. Species 3-5, extending from Nipal through Malaya to North
Australia.

1. A. sarcophylla, Hook. f. in Gen. PL i. 840; leaves very fleshy, fruit
If by | in. at the top, seeds including the wing § in. very verrucose on the
rounded faces. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1878, pt. ii. 106. Zanonia sarco-
phylla, Wall. PI. As. Ear. t. 133 ; Cat. 3724.

Bir,ma ; from Mandalay to Prome, Wallich, Kurz. — Distrib. Siam.

Leaflets 2£ by If in., obtuse ; petiolule scarcely \ in. Seeds black, not much com-
pressed, narrowed nearly to a point at the base with 2 flat thin (not 2-fid) curved
horns at the apex, between which rises the wing.

2. A. clavig-era, Hook. f. in Gen. PL i. 840 ; leaves herbaceous, fruit
3 by | in. at the top, seeds including the wing 1 in. slightly muricate on the
flat faces. Zanonia clavigera, Wall. PL As. Par. ii. p. 28, partly ? ; Cat. 3725.

Sikkim, ascending to 4000 ft., J. D. H., Gamble, C. B. Clarke. Khasia Mts., alt.
3000-4000 ft.; H. /. ^ T. Silhet ; Wallich. Tenasserim ; Heifer (Kew Distrib.
No. 2520).

Leaflets 3 by lj^-jn., acute; petiolule often exceeding \ in. Seeds yellowish-white,
much flattened, with several deep triangular spinose teeth at the apex, teeth of 2
lamellae, between which the wing is inserted, split in the plane of complanation of the
fruit, and the wing springing from these narrow splits. — Wallich's description of the
seed of Z. clavigera is incorrect and appears to be taken from that of Z. indica,
which grows in the same locality.

Begonia."] lxvi. begoniace^. (C. B. Clarke.) 635

Var. ? Hookeri ; seeds without any wing. — KhgfKa Mts., alt. 3000-4800 ft. ;
J. D. H. — The example is a stout leafless one with large ripe fruits. The seeds are
in situ in the capsule so that the wing cannot have been broken off (as happens with
seeds of Zanonia kept separate). This may be an accidental var. of A. clavigera or it
may be a new species.

Order LXVI. BEGONIACEJE. (By 0. B. Clarke.)

Succulent herbs or undershrubs ; stem often reduced to a rhizome or tuber.
Leaves alternate (sometimes falsely whorled in B. verticillata), more or less
unequal-sided, entire toothed or lobed ; stipules 2, free, frequently deciduous.
Peduncles axillary, divided into dichotomous cymes, the branches and bracts
at their divisions generally opposite. Flowers white rose or yellow, showy,
sometimes small, monoecious. Male : perianth (of the only Indian genus) of 2
outer valvate opposite sepaloid segments, and 2-0 inner smaller segments ;
stamens indefinite often very many, free or monadelphous, anthers narrowly
obovoid. Female: perianth (of the only Indian genus) of 5-2 segments.
Ovary inferior (in Hildebrandia half-superior), 2-3-4-celled ; placentas vertical,
axile (at the time of aestivation), divided or simple ; styles 2-4, free or com-
bined at the base, stigmas branched or tortuous; ovules very many. Fruit
capsular, more rarely succulent, often winged, variously dehiscing or irregularly
breaking up. Seeds very many, minute, globose or narrow cylindric, testa reti-
culated : albumen very scanty or 0. — -Distrib. ■ Species 400 (of which 398
belong to the genus Begonia), in all tropical moist countries ; not yet met with
in Australia.

1. BEGONIA, Linn.
Character of the Order.

Sect. I. Casparya. Stamens numerous, shortly monadelphous ; anthers
narrowly oblong, connective slightly produced, obtuse. Ovary 4-celled (in B.
Candollei 3-celled), placentas 2-fid or 2-partite. Fruit more or less fleshy, not
dehiscing on the faces ; carpels not much compressed, nor having their backs
produced into a thin wing. (None small : leaves in all very unequal at the
base.)

1. 8. Roxburgh!!, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 398; stem lengthened with
inflorescence clustered near the axils, leaves ovate nearly glabrous sinuate-toothed
scarcely serrate, fruit subpyramidal 4-celled very succulent angles obtuse ending
in 4 small horns upwards. Kurz in Journ. As.Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 107. B. mala-
barica, Roxb. Fl. hid. iii. 648, not of Lamk. Diploclinium Roxburghii, Miq. Fl.
Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. p. 692. Casparya? oligocarpa and polvcarpa, DC. Prodr. xv.
pt. i. 276, 277.

From Nepal to Burma ; not uncommon in North and East Bengal with Assam,
ascending to 4000 ft.

Root fibrous, not tuberous. Stem usually 1-3 ft., erect, succulent, glabrous or
minutely pubescent when young. Leaves 6-9 in., acuminate, glabrous or minutely
pubescent on the nerves of both surfaces ; petiole 2-5 in. ; stipules lanceolate, gla-
brous, deciduous. Cymes short, axillary, dichotomous, with narrow lanceolate linear
bracts, often few-flowered, producing but one or two fruits from each axil. Male Fl.:
sepals 2, large, glabrous, nearly white; petals usually 2, smaller than the sepals,
white or nearly so ; stamens about 50. Female : ovary cells 4 ; placentas very

636 lxyi. begoniace^;. (C. B. Clarke.) [Begonia.

thick, succulent, equally 2-partlte ; styles 4, 2-fid nearly from the base, stigmas
winding spirally with 3 turns. Fruit £-§ in. diam pendent ; walls very thick, suc-
culent, indehiscent or finally dehiscent at the angles. Seeds shortly ellipsoid, some-
what obovoid. — Cathcart Ic. Ined. represents the cells of the ovary as occasionally
3 which is not improbable,^ his artist may have confounded B. Candollei (No. 4)
with the present species.

2. B. silhetensis, C. B. Clarke) stemless, inflorescence shorter than
the petioles, leaves ovate finely denticulate hardly serrate or lobed, fruit globose
thick-walled 4-celled densely covered with shaggy brown hair. B. gigantea,
Wall. Cat. 3677 B. Casparya ? silhetensis, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 277.
Begonia sp., Wall. Cat. 9107.

Khasia Mts. ; Wallich. East Bengal; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2569).
Cachab; Keenan.

Eootstock short, thick, fibrous on all sides, scarcely tuberous. Leaves 6 in.,
broadly ovate, not acuminate, shaggy on both surfaces in Griffith's examples, only
slightly hairy in Wallich's. Petiole 6-18 in., hirsute in Griffith's examples, less
hairy in Wallich's. Scapes 2-4 in., 1-7-flowered. Male : sepals 2, hairy without,
^ in. in Griffith's examples, smaller nearly glabrous in "Wallich's ; petals 2, smaller
than the sepals, glabrous; stamens numerous, shortly monadelphous, anthers nar-
rowly oblong. Female : styles bifid with tortuose stigmas. Fruit £ in. and
upwards in diam., globose or ovoid, without angles or protuberances. Seeds many,
shining brown, shortly ellipsoid. — Griffith's No. 2569 (with which Wallich's No. 3677
B agrees), differs considerably in hairiness and in size of the flower from Wallich/s
No. 9107 on which A. DC. founded his Casparyal silhetensis: two species are pos-
sibly here mixed, but the material is not sufficient to justify a new species.

3. B. tessaricarpa, C. B. Clarke ; nearly stemless, inflorescence much
shorter than the petioles, leaves ovate nearly glabrous sinuate-denticulate hardly
serrate, fruit subpyramidal 4-celled laxly hairy, carpels acutely keeled and
ending upwards in a short linear patent horn.

Assam ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2586).

Creeping stem 0-2 in. Leaves 2-4 in., broadly ovate, glabrous or minutely pu-
bescent on the nerves beneath; petiole 6-12 in., pubescent upwards. Inflorescence
2-4 in. Flowers much smaller and fruit less succulent than in B. Boxburghii. Fruit
about § in. diam., slightly pubescent. — This solitary example may be possibly a
stunted example of B. Boxburghii, from which it does not differ in any essential
particular though it is very unlike it in general aspect ; the seeds are alike.

4. B. inflata, C. B. Clarke; stem lengthened, inflorescence axillary,
leaves oblong-lanceolate glabrous or nearly so sinuate-dentate scarcely serrate,
fruit 3-celled.

Darjeeling, alt. 3000 ft.; C. B. Clarke. Bhotan? Griffith (Kew Distrib. No.
2587).

Erect, 3-4 ft., branched. Leaves 4 by 1^-li in., acuminate, very unequally
cordate ; petiole £-§ in. ; stipules lanceolate-subulate, glabrous. • Flowers in short
axillary dichotomous cymes from several axils on each branch ; bracts lanceolate-
subulate. Male : sepals 2, white, obovate, glabrous ; petals 2, linear-obovate ; sta-
mens about 50, scarcely monadelphous ; anthers narrow-oblong; connective produced,
obtuse. Female : perianth of 4 segments ; ovary 3-celled, placentas 2-fid. Fruit
§ in. diam., trigonous or almost triquetrous; carpels round, as it were inflated, with
a narrow line down the back, glabrous or nearly so, indehiscent or probably at
length dehiscing down the ridges as in B. Boxburghii. Seeds short, ellipsoid some-
what obovoid. — Griffith's examples are in good fruit but the locality is doubtful : his
ticket is marked " Umb. ascent. 4 day."

Begonia.] lxvi. begoniaceje. (C. B. Clarke.) ^^^ 637

5. B. Dux, C. B. Clarke ; stem lengthened? inflorescence axillary not
difluse, leaves ovate with scattered hairs above deirti. ewhat cjlia

Moulmein ; Moolee alt. 6000 ft. ; Parish.

Stem exceeding a foot, succulent, tubercular. Leaves 8 in., acuminate, much
auricled on one side at the base, somewhat angular, pubescent on the neryes
beneath; petiole 4 in., pubescent upwards; stipules £ in., ovate-lane* olate, glabrous,
•persistent. Flowers (all male in the solitary example) large, glabrous, in shortfew-
flowered cymes with bracts resembling the stipules. Sepals 2, round ; petalf* 2,* nar-
rower. Stamens very many, shortly monadelphous ; anthers narrow-oblong ; connec-
tive hardly produced. — The section is doubtful, the female flowers being unknown :
it may be a Platycentrum : Parish remarks that it looks like B. Bex ; but the thick
erect tall stem differs.

Sect. II. Alaecida. Fruit triquetrous, faces with a medial line ; carpels
dehiscing dorsally, angles with short subequal wings below the middle; placentas
divided. — Small small-flowered plants ; filaments monadelphous ; styles connate.

6. B. alaecida, C. B. Clarke; stem branched, cymes elongate subpro-
liferous laxly pubescent, fruit inflated glandular-pubescent.

Moulmein; Parish.

Bootstock small, fibrous. Stem 3 in., nearly glabrous. Leaves l£-4£ in.
diam., cordate, round, minutely denticulate, puberulous-punctate above, nearly
glabrous beneath ; petiole l-2£ in. ; stipules ovate, acute, minute. Cymes 3-6 in.,
weak, somewhat panicled ; bracts small, ovate, persistent, with lax hairs. Male :
sepals 2, round ; petals 2, narrow-oblong ; stamens not very many ; anthers very
short, obovoid ; connective not produced. Female : styles united a long way, stigmas
lunate; ovary with glandular hairs. Capsule scarcely \ in. broad including the
wings, ripe green, with 6 lines equally diverging from the base of the styles.
Seeds short, ellipsoid.

7. B. tricuspidata, C. B. Clarke ; stem short or 0, leaves ovate crenate
puberulous on the nerves beneath, scape pubescent, capsule stellately tri-
cuspidate glabrous.

Moulmein; Parish.

Bootstock small, fibrous. Stem sometimes 1-2 in., pubescent. Leaves round or
ovate, somewhat cordate, crenate or nearly entire, with scattered minute hairs above ;
petiole 5-I in., pubescent; stipules minute. Cymes 2-3 in., minutely pubescent;
bracts ovate, minute. Male : sepals 2, obovate ; petals 2, narrowly obovate ; stamens
not many ; anthers very short, ovoid ; connective not produced. Female : perianth of
4 segments, much as in the male: styles combined below, each with two curved
branches. Capsule less than \ in. broad including the wings, with six lines equally
diverging from the base of the styles, wings acute. Seeds very small, shortly
ellipsoid.

8. B. triradiata, C. B. Clarke ; stem short or 0, leaves ovate serrate or
doubly crenate glabrous and white beneath, scape glabrous, capsule stellately
3-rayed glabrous.

Moulmein; Parish.

Bootstock a small cluster of tubers. Stem Q-\ in., glabrous. Leaves |-1|- in.,
somewhat cordate, incise-crenate, minutely pilose above; petiole \-% in., glabrous;
stipules small, lanceolate. Cymes 2-3 in., glabrous; bracts small, lanceolate, gla-
brous, persistent ; flowers pink. Flowers fruit and seeds closely resembling those of
B. tricuspidata.

Sect. III. Knesebeckia Capsule 3-celled, triquetrous, the angles pro-
duced into three often Unequal papery wings ; faces flat with a rib or line down

638 ^M lxv! (O.B.Clarke.) [Begonia.

the imcli ::•'■■ tiling away of 2 or 3 of the faces; placentas-

^-d^^HHH^^^HHRy monadelphous, anthers obovoid, connective not
produced. ^Br

|rawfeniale flower 5 (rarely 6); imbricate, inner smaller, inner-
^^^^^^HHnmest or 0. Sect. Knesebeckia A. DO.

wm&vary and young capsule very pubescent. (See also 12. B. Josephi.)

9. B. picta, Sm. Exot. Bat. t. 101 ; leaves ovate acuminate, capsule with
one wing much elongate. Hook. Exot. Fl. ii. t. 89 ; Wall. Cat. 3685 B and
part of A; Bot. Mag. t. 2962; A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 312. B. echinata,
Boyle III. 313, t. 80. B. erosa, Wall Cat. 3688, partly.

Himalaya, alt. 2000-6000 ft. ; from Kunawur to Bhotan, frequent. Khasia
Mts., alt. 3000-4000 ft, ; H.f. $ T. Throughout Chota Nagpub, alt. 1000-4200 ft. ;
C. B. Clarke.

Bootstock of one or few tubers; plant 6-15 in., the inflorescence scarcely
exceeding the leaves, stem glabrous or obscurely pubescent. Leaves 3-5 by 2-3 in.,
nearly equally cordate, doubly finely serrate, pilose above, villous on the nerves
beneath ; petiole of the cauline leaf usually 1 in. at least ; stipules lanceolate,
hairy, scarcely exceeding the leaves. Peduncle more or less pubescent upwards ;
bracts oblong -lanceolate, persistent, pubescent, Male : outer segments 2, pubes-
cent ; petals 2, smaller ; stamens shortly monadelphous, about 30 ; anthers obo-
void ; connective not produced. Female : perianth of 5 segments, outer larger, pu-
bescent. Styles 3, nearly separate, divided half way up into two tortuose branches.
Capsule large, 1 in., usually pubescent, sometimes nearly glabrous when quite ripe;
one wing \ in. broad, another | in., the third 1| in. in a large example; styles
persistent ; wings slightly ascending, dehiscing by the three faces falling off. Seeds
light brown, shortly ellipsoid. — Flowers pale rose, medium large ; leaves often
variegated.

10. B, Satrapis, C. B. Clarke ; leaves reniforni or shortly ovate-cordate
not acute, capsule with 3 wings no one of them greatly elongate.

Sikkim ; above the Kungait, alt. 2000 ft. ; Herb. Griffith, C. B. Clarke, Dr.
Treutler.

Bootstock of a few tubers. Stem erect, usually elongate above the leaves, pubes-
cent, whole plant 12-18 in. Leaves 2-3 by 3-4 in., nearly equally cordate, minutely
denticulate-ciliate, closely pubescent above, rufous-villous on the nerves beneath ;
petiole of the cauline leaf usually short often less than 1 in. ; stipules lanceolate,
pubescent. Peduncle elongate, very pubescent, bright rose-red, often rising 6 in.
above the highest leaf; bracts oblong-lanceolate, persistent, very hairy, laciniate,
sometimes divided to the base. Male: sepals 2, pubescent; petals 2, smaller; sta-
mens shortly monadelphous, about 50 ; anthers obovoid ; connective not produced.
Female: perianth of 5 (or 6) segments, outer larger, pubescent; styles 3, nearly
separate, each divided half-way up into two tortuose branches. Capsule large, very-
pubescent, length | in., wings not very unequal about \ in. broad (but the capsule
not well ripe). Seeds (not well ripe) like those of B. picta but narrower. — A very
beautiful plant with bright rose flowers.

** Ovary and capsule glabrous (except sometimes in 12, B. Josephi).

11. B. Evansiana, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 627; stem elongate, leaves
ovate-cordate acute unequal at the base, bracts glabrous oblong-obovate, cap-
sule with three unequal wings. Bot, Mag. t. 1473; A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i.
313. B. obliqua, Thunb. ; Banks Ic. Kcsmpf. t. 20. B. sinensis, A. DC. I.e.
ex descr.

Begonia.'] lxvi. begoniacejE. ,(C. B. Clarke.) 639

Pinang ; Evans ex Andrews. — Distrib. Java, China, Japan.

Rootstock tuberous (ex A. DC). Stem 2 ft., nearly glabrous ; peduncles from the
upper axils, elongate, several times dichotomous. Leaves^-6 in., somewhat angular i
and denticulated ; petiole 2-6 in. ; stipules ovate -lanceolate, glltorous. Flowers, bracts,
and pedicels rose. Male : sepals 2, round, glabrous ; petals 2, smaller; stamens very
many (more than 50), long monadelphous ; anthers obovoid ; connective not produced.
Female : perianth-segments" 5, glabrous, inner smaller ; styles 3, nearly distinct,
divided about half-way into two tortuous branches. Capsule f by 1% in. including
the wings, the faces ribbed down the. middle ; styles persistent; wings shghtly
ascending ; capsule dehiscing by two valves on each face, one valve on either side of
the central rib. — There is no example from Pinang in the Kew Herbarium.

12. B. Joseph!, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 313; little hairy, leaves ovate
little unequal at the base peltate (at least when young), capsule 3-winged, one
wing much the longer. B. scutata, Wall. Cat. 3686 A, not of A. DC. £

Sikkim, alt. 3000-8000 ft., the commonest species. Khasia Mts., alt. 4000-
6000 ft.; H.f.J- T.

Very variable in size and habit, stemless or stem leafy, always easily recognised
by the peltate leaves. Rootstock of one or few tubers. Stem generally 0. Radical
leaves (on petioles 4-10 in.) often 6 in., sometimes nearly regularly ovate acuminate,
acutely 3-lobed or orbicular with numerous acute lobes, serrate or doubly serrate or
less often almost entire, usually nearly glabrous but often slightly pubescent on the
nerves beneath sometimes weakly pilose above ; stipules ovate, deciduous, glabrous
or nearly so. Scape 1 ft., usually repeatedly dichotomous with long lower branches,
soon entirely naked ; bracts caducous, caulescent and leafy ; flowers rather small,
rose. Male : sepals 2, caducous ; petals 2, smaller ; stamens shortly monadelphous,
sometimes 8-30 ; anthers obovoid ; connective not produced. Female : perianth-
segments 4-6 ; styles 3, nearly separate, 2-fid near the top, stigmas in large specimens
2 tortuous, in small simple lunate. Capsule ^ by ^ in. including the wings, styles
persistent, upper margin of the wing horizontal, narrow between the two very
narrow wings, the other faces broader below ; dehiscing first by 4 lines, two on
either side of each of the two narrow wings. Seeds short-ellipsoid. — All three varie-
ties are equally common in Sikkim and pass into each other: only the typical
has been collected in Khasia. The plant is believed to be very plentiful in West
Bhotan and East Nipal, but all the numerous Himalayan examples at Kew are
from Sikkim itself. As regards the name : Wallich's Begonias are greatly mixed :
even on the same sheets. The three sheets of No. 3686 at Kew are B. scutata,
A. DC, but the type sheet of B. scutata No. 3686 in the Linnsean Society's Her-
barium is B. Josephi, A. DC, which is also mixed with B. picta in the sheet of
3685 A.

Var. 1. typica', peduncles elongated, leaves large often lobed, ovary flowers and
capsule glabrous. B. Josephi, A. DC. I. c.

Var. 2. macrocarpa, A. DC 1. c. ; ovary flowers and capsule with lax hairs. —
Both large and very small plants occur with a hairy ovary ; the fruit is not larger
than in the typical form.

Var. 3. minima ; scape 2-3 in., leaf small without lobes, ovary usually glabrous.

13. B. pedunculosa. Wall. PL As. Par. 82, t. 97; Cat. 3672 A not B;
caulescent with subterminal inflorescence, leaves narrow-oblong acute from an
unequally cordate base pilose above, stipules and bracts persistent. A. DC.
Prodr. xv. pt. i. 314.

Khasia Mts., alt. 3000-6000 ft., frequent. Bhotan ; Griffith.

Rootstock tuberous, or elongate woody. Stem erect, 4-8 in., usually with some
brown hairs and zigzag, not unfrequently bearing bulbils in the upper axils. Leaves
2-3 in., sharply doubly-serrate, pubescent on the nerves beneath ; petiole usually
short (less than 1 in.) but sometimes elongate ; stipules £-\ in., ovate, acute, ciliate.
Cyme repeatedly dichotomous ; bracts ovate, acute, ciliate ; flowers small, rose-red.

640 lxvi. .begoniacejE. (C. B- Clarke.) [Begonia.

Male : sepals 2, glabrous or nearly so ; petals 2, smaller ; stamens shortly mona-
delphous, about 30, anthers obovoid, connective not produced. Female : perianth,
lobes 4-5, persistent, somewhat enlarged on the fruit; ovary glabrous; styles 3
nearly separate, dividbd near the top into two curved branches. Capsule scarcely £
by f-i in. including' the wing, upper margin of the longest wing horizontal ; capsule
dehiscing by its three faces falling off Seeds short-ellipsoid.

14. B. surculigrera, Kurz in Flora 1871, 296 ; weak, caulescent with
terrflinal inflorescence, leaves cordate-ovate crenate and denticulate, bracts mi-
nute ovate persistent, capsule with 3 subequal wings.

British Burma ; Akyab and Arracan, on low sandstone hills, Kurz.

Weak, succulent, 3-10 in., glabrous or slightly glandular-pubescent, frequently
proliferous, or the peduncle going off into a runner. Leaves l-l£ by l-l£ in., nearly
[glabrous, obscurely acuminate, obtuse at the apex, base equal or unequal ; petiole \ in. ;
stipules small, ovate, glabrous. Peduncle weak, terminal, dichotomous, lax, slightly
glandular-pubescent. Flowers small (white ex Kurz). Male: sepals 2, obovate,
glabrous or with few paleaceous hairs ; petals 2, much smaller ; stamens mona-
delphous, about 8, anthers obovoid, connective apiculate, but not produced. Female:
pverianth-segments 5 ; ovary 3-celled, glabrous, placentas bipartite {Kurz) ; styles 3,
nearly distinct, divided only near the top, stigmas lunate. Capsule less than f by
| in. including the wings, styles deciduous in the few examples seen, upper margin of
the wings convex, dehiscing by its three faces. Seeds short- ellipsoid.

15. B. modestiflora, Kurz in Flora 1871, 296; caulescent, inflores-
cence terminal elongate and panicled in fruit, leaves ovate-acuminate from a
very oblique base denticulate-serrate nearly glabrous, capsule unequally 3-
winged. B. parviflora, Wall. Cat. 3674.

Morung Hills, Nipal; Hamilton. British Burma : Akyab on sandstone rocks,
Kurz. Moulmein on limestone rocks, Parish. — Distrib. Yunan.

Glabrous or nearly so. Root stock tuberous. Stem erect, sometimes a foot.
Leaves 3-4 by 2 in., not lobed, caudate-acuminate, base very unequally cordate or
very obliquely subtruncate ; petiole 1^-2| in. ; stipules small, lanceolate. Cymes
elongate, narrow, slightly panicled ; bracts small, lanceolate, ciliate, caducous ;
flowers numerous, small, white. Male : sepals 2, petals 2, smaller ; stamens (about
12), free ex Kurz (distinctly monadelphous ex Parish), anthers obovoid, connective
slightly produced in a triangular point. Female : perianth-segments 5, much en-
larged in fruit; ovary glabrous, 3-celled, placentas 2-partite; styles 3, nearly distinct,
broader upwards, stigma lunate. Capsule rather more than £ by 1 in. including
the wings ; styles deciduous ; 3 wings prominent, their upper margins horizontal, one
often very greatly produced ; capsule dehiscing by the three faces. Seeds short-
ellipsoid. — Kurz placed this species next B. scutata, but the 5 female perianth seg-
ments refer it to Knesebeckia proper, and not to Trilobaria, A. DC. Possibly two
species are mixed here. "Wallich's very immature specimen has exceedingly small
flowers and weak inflorescence and is referred by Meissner in ms. to B. hydrophila.

16. B. parvuliflora, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 355 ; stem with 1 or no
leaf, leaves round or ovate-cordate subequal at the base, capsule 3-winged one
of the wings very long produced. B. Lobbiana, A. DC. ?ns. not B. Lobbii,
Hassk. B. velutina, Parish ms. ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1873, pt. ii. 81.

Moulmein and Martaban ; T. Lobb ; on limestone rocks, Parish. Tenasserim ;
Dr. Stoliczka (ex Kurz).

Rootstock of 1 or 2 tubers. Stem 0-2 in., glabrous or nearly so, whole plant 6-
12 in. Leaves 1-3 in. diam., softly pubescent above and on the nerves beneath, some-
times nearly glabrous*, doubly serrate -ciliate or simply crenate ; petiole of the cauline
leaf ^-1 in., of the radical leaves often much longer, slightly pubescent ; stipules very

Begonia.] lxvi. begoniacej::. (C. B. Clarke.) 641

small, lanceolate. Peduncles 4-10 in., nearly glabrous, laxly dichotomous ; bracts
£-| in., lanceolate, sometimes fimbriate ; flowers not many, small, white tinged with
rose. Male : sepals 2, broad-elliptic, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs ; petals 2,
narrowly oblong ; stamens about 25, monadelphous, anthers obovoid, connective not
produced. Female: perianth of 5 or 4 segments; styles 3, somewhat combined,
each divided into two curved branches. Capsule ^ by ^ in. including the wings,
one wing very long, margins of all extended horizontally from the summit of the
capsule, dehiscing on all three faces. Seeds short-ellipsoid. — Kurz (in Journ. As.
Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 1.07) keeps B. parvtdiflora "a caulescent wholly glabrous herb"
distinct from B. velutina u a scapigerous herb with leaves pilose above : " but A.
DCs type of B. parvuliflora (marked by him B. Lobbiana) has the leaves decidedly
pilose above and the stems not more caulescent than some of Parish's B. velutina.
The only difference between the two is that in B. velutina the leaves are often
beautifully variegated and doubly serrated ; but not always Parish's specimens.

17. B. g-emmipara, Hook. f. IU. Him. PI. t. 14 ; caulescent, leaved
incise-serrate or lobed, peduncles axillary short few-flowered, 2 large round per-
sistent bracts on each pedicel near the flower, seeds with adpressed papillae.
A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 314.

Sikxim, alt. 6000-11,000 ft; plentiful round Darjeeling.

RootstocJe tuberous. Stem 6-16 in., succulent, glabrous. Leaves ovate- cordate,
acuminate, often with acute or lanceolate lobes, glabrous beneath, often pilose above ;
petiole 1-3 in.; stipules ovate. Peduncles short, axillary, little divided, pedicels
longer ; flowers pendulous, medium-sized, white or with rose stripes, usually mo-
noecious. Male : sepals 2 ; petals 2, narrower ; stamens numerous, shortly mona-
delphous, anthers obovoid, connective not produced. Female : perianth-segments 5,
nearly equal, persistent ; styles 3, nearly distinct, broader upwards, stigmas lunate.
Capsule \ by | in. including the wings, somewhat inflated, with a medial line on each
face ; wings nearly equal, upper margins horizontal. — In some of the axils the
peduncle instead of producing flowers is very shortly once or twice divided, each
branch terminating in 4 quadrangular cups, each packed closely with oblong vivi-
parous bulbils. Alph. DC. gives dioecious as a character of his section Putzeysia,
but this, the only species of that section is, as all other Indian Begonias, monoecious
or occasionally dioecious.

18. B. cordifolia, Thivaites JEnum. 129 ; stemless, leaves orbicular-cor-
date crenate-serrate, capsule with 3 subequal not broad wings. A. DC. Prodr.
xv. pt. i. 328 ; B. Arnottiana, A. DC. I. c. 322. Diploclinium Arnottianum and
cordifolium, Wight Ic. 1. 1815, 1816.

South Deccan Peninsula ; Courtallum ; Wight. Ceylon ; Thwaites.

Rootstock tuberous. Leaves 1^—3 in. diani., rarely subacute, nearly equal at the
base, pilose above, laxly pubescent on the nerves beneath ; petiole 2-5 in., laxly
pubescent; stipules § in., ovate-lanceolate, glabrous. Scape 6 in., repeatedly
dichotomous ; flowers medium-sized, numerous ; bracts \ in., lanceolate. Male :
sepals 2, round ; petals 2, smaller, narrow ; stamens numerous, shortly monadelphous,
anthers obovoid, connective not produced. Female : perianth-segments 5-4- (3- in.
Wight's Icon 3-lobed) ; styles 3, nearly separate, divided half way up into two curved
branches. Capsule § by | in. including the wings, perianth deciduous, styles per-
sistent ; wings narrow, upper margin rounded or shortly horizontal, dehiscing on all
three faces. Seeds shortly ellipsoid. — Wight finally united his D. Arnottianum with
his I?, cordifolium. Alph. DC. separated them again on the sole ground that 2). Arnot-
tianum had 4 segments to the female perianth, D. cordifolium only 3. But in Wight's
specimens of B. cordifolium all the female flowers examined have 5. The var.
insularis of A. DC. founded on Mr. Thwaites' No. 3584 has the leaves acute with
the nerves beneath more shaggy than in the type.

VOL. II. T T

642 lxvi. begoniace^. (C. B. Clarke.) [Begonia.

B. Segments of female flower 3, with sometimes a small fourth ; two outer
large, third small lateral. (Trilobaria, A. DC.)

19. B. amoena, Wall. Cat. 8682; leaves ovate or oblong caudate-
acuminate equally cordate, capsule-wings nearly equal, seeds slender cylindric,
tip curved acute. A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 327. B. tenella, Don Prodr. 223 ;
Wall. Cat. 3681. B. erosa, Wall. Cat 3688, partly.

Temperate Central and Western Himalaya; alt. 5000-7000 ft. from Dalhousie to
Sikkim ; among the commonest species at Simla.

Rhizome tuberous. Stem usually 0 or very short, in "Wallich's specimen nearly 1 ft.
Leaves 3 by 2 in., glabrous, crenate-serrate ; petiole 2-3 in. ; stipules ovate, glabrous.
Scape 3-8 in., glabrous, loosely dichotomous, few-flowered ; bracts ovate-oblong, cadu-
cous ; flowers medium-sized. Male : sepals 2, ovate ; petals 2, elliptic, smaller ; sta-
mens numerous, shortly monadelphous ; anthers obovoid, connective not produced.
Female : perianth-segments 2, large, ovate, opposite, and one smaller lateral, all
enlarged and persistent on the fruit ; styles 3, nearly separate, divided near the top
into two curved branches. Capsule § by nearly f in. including the wings, styles
persistent, upper margins of wings horizontal, dehiscing on all the faces. Seeds
smooth, reticulated; far more elongate than those of any other Indian species.

20. B. scut at a, Wall. Cat. 3686, partly ; leaves ovate cordate-acuminate
often unequal at the base, capsule-wings unequal, larger one much ascending.

A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 328; ? Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 108.

B. rubella, Wall. Cat. 3687.

Ntpal ; Wallich. East Nipal, alt. 4000 ft. ; J. B. H. Sikkim, alt. 4000 ft. ;

C. B. Clarke. ? Bubma, Kurz.

Nearly glabrous. Rootstock tuberous. Stem in fruit often leafless, scape-like.
Leaves 2-6 in., sinuate-toothed or slightly angular not serrate, glabrous or minutely
pubescent on the nerves beneath ; petiole very long, of the radical leaves often 6 in. ;
stipules ovate-lanceolate, deciduous. Scape or stem reaching 9 in., laxly dichotomous
upwards ; bracts oblong, acute, caducous ; flowers medium-sized, many or few. Male :
sepals 2, round ; petals 2, narrower ; stamens numerous, shortly monadelphous ; an-
thers obovoid, connective not produced. Female: perianth-segments 3, 2 larger
round opposite, the third smaller lateral, all deciduous ; styles 3, nearly distinct,
divided about half-way up into two curved branches. Capsule nearly § by f in. in-
cluding the wings; styles persistent ; upper margin of the wings concave, dehiscing
by all three faces. Seeds short-ellipsoid.

21. B. ovatifolia, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 328 ; stem short or 0, leaves
ovate sometimes acute more or less serrate equal or scarcely unequal at the base,
capsule-wings unequal the larger slightly ascending. B. subovata, Wall. Cat.

Sikkim, alt. 4000 ft. ; J. B. H. ; alt. 1000 ft. ; C. B. Clarke, Br. Treutler. Khasia
Mrs., alt. 4000 ft. ; H. f. $ T.

Rootstock of several tubers ; whole plant rarely exceeding 6 in. Cauline leaf 1 or
0. Leaves 1-2| in. diam., roundish or ovate, cordate or scarcely rounded at the base,
pubescent on the nerves beneath ; petiole 1-4 in., pilose above, usually pubescent
towards its summit ; stipules very small, lanceolate. Peduncles lax, succulent,
glabrous or slightly pubescent, 4-8-flowered ; bracts oblong or lanceolate ; flowers
rather small, white or rose. Male : sepals 2, obovate ; petals 2, narrow-obovate ;
stamens about 20, shortly monadelphous, anthers obovoid, connective not produced.
Female: perianth-segments 3, 2 obovate subequal, 1 lateral much smaller, deciduous;
styles 3, nearly distinct, divided half-way up into two curved branches. Capsule
^ by 1 in. including the wings, styles persistent, upper margin of longer wing
straight or con-vex upwards, capsule dehiscing on all three faces. Seeds short-
ellipsoid.

Begonia.] lxvi. begoniaceje. (C. B. Clarke.) 643

Var. cretacea; leaves stouter shaggy on the nerves beneath, peduncles firmer,
female perianth of 4 segments (almost exactly like the male). — Bhotan; Griffith.
(Kew Distrib. No. 2583.) Limestone rocks near Cherra in Khasia, alt. 4000 ft •
C. B. Clarke.

22. B. subperfoliata, Parish ms. ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt.
ii. 109 ; stemless, glabrous, leaves ovate crenate-dentate subpeltate prominently
reticulated on both surfaces, bracts laciniated acutely.

Moulmein, on limestone rocks ; Parish.

Boot tuberous. Leaf solitary, radical, 3£ by 2 in., acute not acuminate, hardly
serrate, equal at the base, peltate or the auricles only overlapping ; petiole 2-4 in.
Peduncle 3 in. with about 10 small flowers ; bracts \ in., persistent, divided to near
the base or sharply serrate. Male: sepals ^elliptic; petals 2, narrow- oblong;
stamens about 25, much monadelphous, anth^J obovoid, connective not produced.
Female: perianth very nearly as in the male; styles 3, combined half-way up,
stigmas lunate. Capsule 3-celled, § by £ in. including the wings, styles persistent,
wings 2 short 1 longer, upper margin of each horizontal, dehiscing by all three faces.
Seeds short-ellipsoid.

23. B. moulmeinensis, C. B. Clarke; stemless, very pubescent
throughout, leaves ovate serrate, bracts incise-serrate or laciniate.

Moulmein ; T. Lobb No. 380.

Closely resembling B. subperfoliata. The specimens which are in bud differ in
pubescence and in the leaf being slightly cordate (not at all peltate), serrate, almost
lobed, and not prominently reticulate on either surface.

24. B. fall ax, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 329 ; glabrous or nearly so, leaves
elliptic acuminate angular toothed very unequal at the base, capsule equally 3-
winged wings narrow their upper margins shortly horizontal. Diploclinium
Lindleyanum, Wight Ic. t. 1817.

South Deccan Peninsula ; Courtallum and Malabar ; Wight.

The branch figured by Wight is 8 in. long with a peduncle from a lower axil and
A. DC. conjectures the plant may be suffrutescent. Leaves 4 by 2 in. ; petiole 1 in. ;
stipules oblong, deciduous. Peduncle many times dichotomous, many-flowered, shorter
than the leaf; bracts numerous, minute ; flowers medium-sized. Male: sepals 2,
rounded ; petals 2, narrow-elliptic ; stamens numerous, shortly monadelphous, anthers
obovoid, connective not produced. Female : perianth-segments 3, 2 large round,
1 small narrow lateral ; styles 3, nearly separate, divided half-way up into two curved
branches. Capsule \-\ in. long and broad including the wings. Seeds shortly-ellip-
soid, somewhat obovoid.— Not seen : the above is drawn up from Wight's figure : the
plant is of the section Trilobaria if all Wight's details are without error.

Sect. IV. Platycentrum. Capsule 2-celled compressed, triquetrous,
having one broad and two narrow papery wings ; dehiscing by the falling away
of the faces between the wings ; placentas 2-fi.d.

A. Female perianth-segments 4-3. — Genus Mezierea, A. DC.

25. B. gigrantea, Wall. Cat. 3677 ; stem tall unbranched glabrous up-
wards, peduncles from the upper axils glabrous, male sepals 2. Mezierea
nepalensis, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 406.

Nipal ; Wallich. Sixxim, alt. 3000-6000 ft. ; Herb. Griffith, J. D. H. ; alt.
1000-4000 ft., frequent, C. B. Clarke.

Bootstock thick, woody, not tuberous. Stem 2-3 ft., rarely branched. Leaves
9-12 by 3 in., caudate-acuminate (sometimes larger and ovate), undulate, toothed,

XT 2

644 lxvi. begoniace^. (C. B. Clarke.) [Begonia.

pubescent on the nerves beneath otherwise glabrous, base very unequal deeply auri-
culed on one side ; petiole |-f in. ; stipules narrow-lanceolate, glabrous, deciduous.
Peduncles short, dichotomous, with many rather small white or pale pink flowers ;
bracts ovate, acute, deciduous. Male : sepals 2, ovate, subacute, glabrous ; petals 0 ;
stamens about 40, shortly monadelphous, anthers obovoid, connective not produced.
Female: perianth-segments 3, 2 outer ovate subacute resembling but smaller than
the male sepals, inner small lateral ; ovary (at the time of expanding of the flower)
completely 2-celled with 2-fid placentas (exactly as in Platycentrum) ; styles 2-3
(sometimes 4, A. DC.) nearly free, or one free the other two combined, sometimes
simply branched upwards, often 3-4-fid and more or less contorted. Capsule f by
1 in. including the wing, styles persistent, oblong, concave upon its narrow face
(between the two very narrow wings), broad wing extending the whole length of
the capsule, its upper margin horizontal convex, narrow face first falling away.
Seeds ellipsoid. — This is the larges^Lidian Begonia: the description and remarks of
Alph. DC. must have been founded ^on very imperfect materials.

26. B. episcopalis, C. B. Clarke ; stem tall much branched pubescent
upwards, peduncles axillary, male sepals 4. Mezierea Griffithiana, A. DC.
Prodr. xv. pt. i. p. 407.

Bhotan; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2504, 2573). " Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft.;
H.f. & T., C. B. Clarke.

Leaves 6 by 1 in., narrow-lanceolate, cordate, toothed, membranous, with scattered
pubescence above, very pubescent or almost glabrous on the nerves beneath, base
very unequal deeply auricled on one side; petiole £-l£ in.; stipules § in., very
persistent, lanceolate, subulate, glabrous. Infloresceiice often from the middle and
lower axils in short dichotomous peduncles, usually pubescent ; bracts oblong-
lanceolate, glabrous, persistent ; flowers somewhat numerous, rather small. Male :
sepals 2, ovate ; petals 0 ; stamens about 40, shortly monadelphous, anthers obovoid,
connective not produced. Female : perianth-segments 4, 2 outer ovate, 2 inner
narrow-oblong ; styles 3 or 2, nearly free at the base, divided into long curved
branches. Capsule as in B. gigantea but the upper margin of the larger wing is con-
cave and somewhat descending. Seeds short-ellipsoid. — In Griffith's Bhotan ex-
amples, the stems upwards peduncles and leaves on both surfaces are very pubescent,
and the petioles are £-£ in. ; Clarke's examples (from Bishop's Falls,, Shillong) are
very nearly glabrous with the petioles l£ in. The Khasia examples of H. f. & T. are
intermediate.

B. Female perianth-segments 4-6. — Sect. Platycentrum, A. DO.

* Connective produced above the anther-cells.

27. 8. xanthina, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4683; leaves large ovate den-
ticulate and angular not ciliate-serrate, petiole hairy, cyme and ovary nearly
glabrous, flowers yellow. A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 347. B. xanthina, var.
pictifolia, Bot. Mag. t. 5102. B. xanthina, var. Lazuli, Bot. Mag. t. 5107.

East Sixkim, alt. 4000-5000 ft. ; J. D. H. Dumsong, Bhotan, alt. 6000 ft. ;
C. B. Clarke.

Rhizome thick. Stem (in the wild examples) 0. Leaves 6-8 in., acute, unequally
cordate at the base, pubescent on the nerves beneath, otherwise nearly glabrous ; pe-
tiole 3-4 in. ; stipules ovate, acute, glabrous or pubescent. Scape 1 ft. with spreading
hairs below, nearly glabrous upwards; bracts at its first division £ in., oblong-lan-
ceolate, glabrous ; flowers medium large, full yellow (in the wild examples). Male :
sepals 2, round ; petals 2, elliptic; stamens about 100, shortly monadelphous ;* con-
nective produced, triangular. Female : perianth-segments 5, outer round, inner
gradually smaller ; styles 2, shortly combined below, each dividing half-way up into
two tortuous branches ; ovary (in the wild specimens) glabrous. Capsule with the
unequal wing very much elongated, descending, its upper margin concave. — In some
cultivated specimens, the stem is elongated and leafy.

Begonia.] lxvi. BEGONiACEiE. (C. B. Clarke.) 645

28. B. rubro-venia, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4689 ; caulescent, leaves elliptic
or lanceolate acuminate entire or slightly angular undulate outer perianth-seg-
ments white with rose-red veins. A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 347. B barbate
Wall. Cat. 3679 B, partly. '

Sixxim, Bhotan and Khasia Mts., alt. 3000-6000 ft., frequent.

Rootstock thick. Plant 8-16 in., stem puberulous or minutely pubescent. Leaves
3-6 in., usually narrow, sometimes elliptic, shortly pubescent on the nerves beneath
otherwise glabrous, base unequal rounded scarcely cordate ; petiole 1-2 in. ; stipules
persistent, lanceolate, caudate, glabrous. Peduncles axillary, 3-6 in., usually divided
only near the top and few-flowered; bracts like the stipules and persistent; flowers
medium-sized. Male : sepals 2, rounded ; petals 2, narrower, white ; stamens numer-
ous, very shortly monadelphous ; connective produced, obtuse. Female : perianth -
segments 5, 3 inner gradually smaller, white ; ovary glabrous ; styles 2, combined at
the base, very tortuous. Capsule £-| by l-l£ in. including the wings, often re-
curved in fruit, the broad wing much descending its upper edge concave ; broader
faces first falling away. Seeds ellipsoid.

Vab. Meimeri, Wall. Cat. 6294 ; shortly caulescent, leaves linear-lanceolate very
tomentose on the nerves beneath.— Khasia Mts., Wallich ; alt. 3500 ft., C. B. Clarke.
— Leaves 2-4 by \-% in. ; petiole £-l£ in., pubescent, tomentose. Flowers and cap-
sules like those of B. rubro-venia but smaller. Wallich's type examples look like a
distinct species, but the examples of C. B. Clarke connect the two.

29. B. laciniata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 649 ; caulescent, leaves roundly
ovate acutely lobed with ^oft pubescence, petioles brown-tomentose, outer
perianth-segments rose-red pubescent on the back, ovary pubescent. Bot. Mag.
t, 5021 ;A.DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 347 ; Wall. Cat. 3678; Kurz in Journ. As.
Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 107. ? B. palmata, Don Prodr. 223. B. Bowringiana, Champ,
in Hook. Keto Journ. iv. 120 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5182.

Nipal to Burma ; ascending in Sixxim to 7000 ft. Very common in Khasia and
Chittagong. — Disthib. South China.

Rootstock long, creeping, neither woody nor tuberous. Stem 6-24 in., more or less
brown-tomentose. Leaves 4-6 in. diam., always more or less lobed, lobes usually
many, caudate-acuminate, often 2 in. long, ciliate, usually but slightly serrate,
rounded or cordate more or less unequally at the base, pilose above, pubescent on
the nerves beneath »d more or less villous or tomentose ; petiole 1^-4 in. ; stipules
| in., persistent, lanceolate, mucronate, pubescent. Peduncles 3-6 in., usually from
one or two uppermost axils, tomentose ; bracts large, oblong, tomentose ; flowers
medium, not very many, always more or less glandular-pubescent on the back,
from nearly white to deep rose. Male : sepals 2, long-elliptic ; petals 2, narrowly
obovate ; filaments nearly free, about 50, anthers obovoid ; connective little produced,
obtuse. Female: perianth-segments 5-4, inner gradually smaller; ovary with
pubescent, not mere glandular, roughness ; styles 2, divided from near the
base into 2 much contorted branches. Capsule £ by 1 in. including the wings,
often recurved in fruit, with a descending wing ; dehiscing by 4 lines adjacent to,
and one on each side of, the two narrow wings. Seeds ellipsoid, somewhat ob-
ovoid.

Vab. ? flava ; flowers full, yellow, leaves green finely serrate, ovary and sepals
pubescent or nearly glabrous. — Sikkim, alt. 5000 ft. ; J. D. H., Treutler ; Darjeeling,
7000 ft. alt.; C. B. Clarke; Herb. Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2577).— Perhaps a
species : the plant has not the brown-red tint of B. laciniata, the leaves are thinner
and less softly hairy. Alph. DC. doubts the correctness of the colour of the flowers ;
it is a full deep yellow as noted on the specimens of J. D. H. and C. B. Clarke,
and as shown in the excellent figure of Cathcart preserved at Kew.

Vab. tuberculosa ; ovary with glandular tubercles not pubescent, flowers pale pink
glabrous.— Sikkim, alt. 6000 ft. ; J. D. H., Treutler.

64>Q lxvi. begoniace^:. (C. B. Clarke.) [Begonia.

30. B. barbata, Wall. Cat. 3679 A and part B; caulescent, leaves not
lobed, ovate acuminate hispid beneath denticulate ciliate, bracts cyme and
ovary pubescent. A. DC. Prodi', xv. pt. i. 348 ; not of Kurz.

From Sit-het and Cachab to Btjbma, alt. 0-2000 ft. Chittagong, abundant in
the hills.

Rootstock creeping, not thick, nor tuberous. Stem decumbent, usually short, with
much spreading brown hair. Leaves 2-5 in., unequal cordate at the base, hispid on
both surfaces, margin very entire; petiole 1-4 in., with spreading hairs; stipules
persistent, lanceolate-subulate, ciliate. Peduncles from the upper axils, not more
than 3 in., pubescent to the summit except in ripe fruit, few-flowered ; flowers
medium, white to pink. Male: sepals 2, ovate, pubescent; petals 2, narrowly
obovate; stamens 50 or more, scarcely monadelphous, anthers obovoid ; connective
much produced, ovate-oblong Female : perianth-segments 5, outer pubescent, inner
gradually smaller ; ovary shaggy. Capsule £ by 1 in. including the wings, hairy at
least until the seeds are scattered, recurved in fruit with a descending wing, dehiscing
by four lines one on either side of the two narrow wings. Seeds ellipsoid, brown.

31. B. meg-aptera, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 348; caulescent, glabrous
or very nearly so, leaves cordate-ovate acuminate undulate angular hardly
serrate. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 108. B. malabarica, Wall. Cat.
3676 D.

Nipal ; Wallich. Sikkim, alt. 2000-8000 ft,, frequent. East Bengal, Patkoye
summit, Griffith. Maetaban Hills ; Kurz.

Rootstock thick, woody. Stem erect, 12-18 in. when well developed. Leaves
4-6 in., unequal at the base, nerves beneath and petiole unusually glabrous ; petiole
1-4 in, ; stipules lanceolate-subulate, glabrous, persistent. Peduncles elongate, from
the upper axils, often 8 in. ; bracts large, oblong, glabrous, caducous ; flowers large,
not very many, pink. Male: sepals 2, ovate; petals 2, ovate, little smaller; stamens
50 or more, monadelphous, anthers obovoid ; connective produced, obtuse. Female :
perianth-segments 5, nearly equal; styles 2, long, combined at the base, with long
tortuous branches. Capsule and seeds as in B. rubro-venia.

32. B. sikkimensis, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 349; caulescent, glabrous
or nearly so, leaves round lobed often nearly to the base lobes often again in-
cised or lobed.

Sikkim, alt. 3000-7000 ft. ; J. B. H. ; C. B. Clarke. •

Rootstock thickened, woody. Stem erect, 12-18 in. when well developed. Leaves
4-6 in. diam., not very unequal nor very cordate at the base, denticulate-ciliate ; pe-
tiole 1-4 in., glabrous; stipules nearly 1 in., lanceolate-linear. Peduncles from the
upper axils, elongate, often 6-9 in. ; bracts elliptic, deciduous, bright-red, as are the
pedicels and flowers; flowers medium, not very many. Male: sepals 2, ovate;
petals 2, elliptic, smaller ; stamens 50 or more, monadelphous ; anthers obovoid ;
connective produced, triangular, obtuse. Female : perianth-segments 5, inner bright-
red gradually smaller ; styles 2, combined at the base, branches very tortuous.
Capsule and seeds as in B. rubro-venia.

33. B. Cathcartii, Hook.f. HI. Him. PI. t. 13; caulescent, leaves cor-
date-ovate acute glabrous beneath except a few paleaceous hairs on the nerves,
peduncles and petioles with deflexed paleaceous hairs, ovary pubescent. A. DC.
Prodr. xv. pt. i. 349. B. nemophila, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 108.
Begonia sp. Griff. Notul. iv. 583 and Ic. t. 612.

Sikkim, alt. 3000-8000 ft. ; J. B. H. ; C. B. Clarke. Birma ; Griffith (Kew
Distrib. No. 2582) ; Kurz. Moulmein ; Parish, Thos. Lobb.

Near B. barbata and best distinguished by the hairs on its stems petioles and
peduncles, which are numerous but scattered, long from a lanceolate paleaceous base

Begonia.'] lxvi. begoniacej;. (C. B. Clarke.) 64*7

and deflexed, by the leaves much less hairy beneath, often quite glabrous ; stipules
nearly or quite glabrous. Flowers fruit and seeds as in B. barbata.

34. B. Thomson!!, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 349 ; caulescent, leaves
ovate acuminate hispid beneath denticulate-ciliate not lobed, petioles densely
shaggy, bracts cyme and ovary shaggy.

Khasia Mts., alt. 3000-4000 ft.; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2570) \Hk.f.$T.;
C. B. Clarke.

This only differs from B. barbata by being everywhere more hairy, the petioles are
densely shaggy as is the stem. — One example referred here of Griffith's has the stem
and petioles covered with a close brown tomentum without any spreading hairs, and
appears much more different from B. Thomsonii than is B. Thomsonii from B.
barbata.

35. B. Griffith!!, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4984 ; stemless, leaves cordate-
ovate acute pubescent beneath hardly ciliate on the margin, peduncle bracts ovary
and flowers pubescent. A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 349.

Bhotan ; Griffith No. 2505 (Kew Distrib. No. 2571).

Appears to be a variety of B. barbata or B. Thomsonii with an abbreviated stem.
The capsules are not ripe but are very like unripe capsules of B. barbata. The leaves
are much less ciliate barbate on the margin than in B. barbata. But for the great
authority of Alph. DC, the three B. barbata, B. Thomsonii and B. Griffithii might
be united.

' 36. B. Bex, Putzeys in Fl. des Serres,t. 1255, 1256; stemless, leaves cor-
date-ovate acute pubescent on the nerves beneath, peduncle upwards bracts ovary
and flowers glabrous. Bot. Mag. t. 5101 ;A.DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 350.

Assam and Mishmee; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2588, 2589, 2591, 2592);
Masters.

Leaves 4-6 in., unequal at the base, undulate, ciliate-denticulate, with a few scat-
tered hairs above ; petiole 1-4 in. with spreading hairs. Scapes 4-9 in., glabrous
except a few hairs near the base ; flowers medium, rose, not very many. Male :
sepals 2, ovate; petals 2, elliptic; stamens numerous, monadelphous, anthers ob-
ovoid ; connective produced, acutely triangular. Female : perianth-segments 5, inner
gradually smaller ; styles 2, combined below, branches very tortuous. Capsule £-£
by 1-1 1 in. including the wings : much as that of B. rubro-venia. — The whole plant is
much less hairy than B. barbata and the allied species : the capsule is glabrous and
its body is less than half the diameter of the pubescent capsules of B. Griffithii.

37. B. brevicaulis, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 350 ; stemless, leaves cor-
date broad-ovate obtuse or scarcely acute, petioles scape flowers and ovary
glabrous or very nearly so.

Khasia; Terai, alt. 1000 ft.; H.f. $ T.

Flowers and fruit much smaller than in any of the preceding species of this
section. Rootstock tuberous. Leaves 1-3^ in., nearly orbicular, not very unequal at
the base, crenate-denticulate, hardly ciliate, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs
above, rarely with minute pubescence on the nerves beneath ; petiole 1-3 in., succu-
lent ; stipules oblong, acute, glabrous. Scape 3-6 in., sometimes with a small leaf
above the base, weak, succulent, with few small flowers ; bracts ovate, acute, very
small. Male: sepals 2, round; petals 2, narrower; stamens about 25, shortly mo-
nadelphous, anthers oblong ; connective much produced, obtuse. Female : not seen.
Capsule \ by \ in., recurved, styles deciduous ; two smaller wings very narrow,
broader wing descending its upper margin concave very thin ; dehiscing by 4 lines
one on either side of each of the two narrower wings. Seeds short-ellipsoid. — This
species resembles in habit many of the sections Parvihegonia and Knesebeckia, and
is very unlike any Platy centrum with a produced connective.

648 lxvi. BEGONiACEiE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Begonia.

** Connective not produced above the anther-cells.

38. B. integrifolia, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. iii. 230; caulescent^
leaves ovate-oblong nearly entire ciliate very unequally cordate, petioles suc-
culent laxly pubescent, inflorescence glabrous. A. DC. Frodr. xv. pt. i. 351 ;
Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 104.

Western Ghauts from Bombay to Mysore ; Law, Dalzell, &c. Moulmein ;
Parish.

Bootstock tuberous. Stem 6-12 in., succulent. Leaves 3-6 in., hardly acute, pilose
above, laxly pubescent on the nerves beneath, finely ciliate ; petiole 1-5 in. ; stipules
lanceolate, upper ones glabrous lower with lax hairs. Peduncle as though terminal ;
flowers white, medium-sized, not very many ; bracts broad, ovate, lower with some
lax hairs, upper glabrous. Male : sepals 2, round ; petals 2, narrow-oblong ; sta-
mens about 50, monadelphous, anthers obovoid. Female: perianth-segments 5,
inner gradually smaller ; styles 2, combined below, branched and much twisted up-
wards. Capsule § by f-f in. including the wings, recurved, smaller wings very
narrow, broad wing descending, dehiscing primarily by the narrow face. Seeds
short-ellipsoid. — Alph. DC. gives Ceylon as a locality, quoting Thwaites No. 2597,
which is Thwaites's B. subpeltata.

39. B. guttata, Wall. Cat. 3671 A; caulescent, leaves ovate-oblong
nearly entire not ciliate, petioles pubescent, inflorescence glabrous. A. DC.
Pi-odr. xv. pt. i. 352.

Pinang; Wallich. Malaya; Maingay No. 675 partly.

Differs from B. integrifolia only in having the leaves nearly without cilia : the
flowers appear somewhat smaller, but the two species are probably one. Wallich's
specimen is very large with a thick woody rootstock, the petioles 10 in.

. 40. B. procridifolia, Wall. Cat. 6292; nearly glabrous, stem erect
simple, leaves subsessile oblong acuminate entire or denticulate. A. DC. Prodr.
xv. pt. i. 352 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 108.

Mabtaban ; near Tavoy, Wallich.

Bootstock fibrous. Stem 6-9 in., weak. Leaves 3-5 by ^-1£ in., very unequal at
the base, glabrous beneath, sometimes with a few scattered hairs above ; petiole y^-1 in. ;
stipules ^ in., oblong, acuminate. Peduncles from the upper axils, hardly so long as
the leaves; bracts ovate, deciduous. Male: sepals 2, £ in., round, rose-coloured;
petals 2, smaller, narrow-obovate ; stamens many, monadelphous, anthers obovoid,
connective not produced. Female : not known. Capstde more than ^ by ^ in. ex-
clusive of the wings, recurved ; styles deciduous ; the two narrow wings ovate the
broad wing much descending.— This may, in the absence of female flowers, belong
to the section Mezierea, but the ovate narrow wings of the capsule suggest the pre-
sent section where it has been placed by Alph. DC.

41. B. goniotis, C. B. Clarke; nearly glabrous, stem elongate branch-
ing, leaves narrow-oblong caudate excessively unequal at base.

Burma, alt 3700-4000 ft. ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No 2579).

Stem 2 ft. Leaves 5-6 by f-1 in., nearly entire or serrate near the apex, one
auricle excessively produced backwards often in an angular or quadrate form ; petiole
£-l£ in.; stipules persistent, ovate, acute, mucronate not acuminate, cordate.
Peduncles axillary, few-flowered, glabrous ; bracts deciduous. Flowers not seen.
Capsule \ by \\ in. including the wings, glabrous, recurved ; styles deciduous ; the
two narrower wings more than \ in. broad towards the top of the capsule, the larger
descending, dehiscing by 4 lines, one on either side of the narrower wings. Seeds
short-ellipsoid. — The breadth of tbe narrower wings of the capsule renders it un-
likely that this is a Mezierea ; but the habit is that of B. episccpalis, No. 26.

jBegonia.] lxvj. begoniace*:. (C. B. Clarke.) 64U

42. B. sandalifolia, C. B. Clarke ; nearly glabrous, stem elongate,
leaves oblong acute very unequal at the cordate base.

Bubma ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2585).

Bootstock not much thickened, nor tuberous. Stem 15 in., glabrous except the
extremities of the branches. Leaves 5-6 by l£-2 in., nearly entire or serrate,
pubescent on the nerves beneath, otherwise glabrous; petiole £-1 in., pubescent;
stipules oblong, acute, persistent, glabrous. Peduncles near the end of the branches,
few-flowered, not elongated ; bracts large, elliptic, glabrous ; pedicels slightly pubes-
cent. Male : sepals 2, round, nearly f in. diam., with some pubescence ; petals 2,
oblong; stamens 50 or more; anthers obovoid, emarginate. Female: not seen.
Capsule f by 1 in. including the wings, glabrous, recurved ; styles deciduous ; the
two narrower wings £ in. broad and nearly an equal breadth for the whole length of
the capsule, the broad wing descending, dehiscing by 4 lines one on either side of
the two narrower wings.

Sect. V. Fapyraceae. Capsule 2-celled (3-celled in B. delicatula),
papyraceous dehiscing by the very thin faces breaking up irregularly, placentas
2-fid. — Small plants with small flowers.

A. Ovary 2-celled. Capsule winged, the wings not much produced above
or below the cells. Sects. Parvibegonia, Lauchea and Monophyllon, Alph. DO.

43. B. verticillata, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 811 ; radical leaf 0 at the time of
flowering, cauline leaves often whorled, bracts ovate marginal with stalked
glands. A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 353 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii.
108.

Moxtlmein ; Lobb No. 382 ; Parish.

Glabrous, or the leaves slightly pilose above. Bootstock small, tuberous. Stent
erect, 2-6 in., whole plant sometimes I ft. Leaves 1-2 in., 3-8 in a whorl at the
summit of the stem, or alternate, oblong-lanceolate, rounded and nearly equal
at the base, coarsely crenate-serrate ; petiole £-l£ in. ; stipules minute, lanceolate.
Peduncles 1-4 axillary, slender, with numerous small white flowers ; bracts persistent.
Male: sepals 2, round; petals 2, linear-oblong; stamens about 8, long-monadelphous,
anthers oblong, connective not produced. Female : perianth-segments usually 4,
inner 2 considerably smaller; styles 2, combined at the base, clavate upwards,
branches two short simple curved. Capsule less than ^ by £-§ in. including the
wings, the two smaller wings exceedingly narrow-linear the larger triangular, its
upper margin slightly descending. Seeds shortly-ellipsoid, minutely papillose on the
margins of the reticulations of its surface.

44. B. prolifera, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 353; glabrous, radical leaf 0
at the time of flowering, cauline solitary sessile, peduncles 1-4 axillary. Kurz
in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 108. ? B. Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 3684.

Moulmein ; Lobb No. 381 ; on limestone rocks, Parish. ?Pinang, Finlayson.

Bootstock a tuber. Stem £-4 in. Leaf 3-8 in. diam., round-ovate, acute, nearly
equally deeply cordate. , Peduncles 2-10 in., repeatedly dichotomous ; bracts hardly
£ in., ovate. Male : septals 2, broad-elliptic, rose-coloured, sometimes slightly hairy ;
petals 2, oblong; stamens about 12, much monadelphous, anthers oblong, connective
not produced. Female perianth of 5 much imbricated segments ; styles 2, branches
two incurved. Capsule £ by £ in. including the wings, recurved ; styles deciduous ;
two smaller wings very narrow above, enlarged and produced below, the upper
margin of the larger nearly horizontal from the top of the capsule. Seeds globose. —
A. DC. describes this plant as stemless, on theoretic grounds, considering that the
apparent stem is formed by a complete adhesion of the petiole to the scape, and
supporting this view by the statement that there are no stipules at the point whence
the peduncles spring. If there were none at that point it would not establish the

650 lxvi. BBQONIACEJ3. (C. B. Clarke.) [Begonia.

above view, but there are two small ovate aeute bracts placed at that point. — B.
Finlaysoniana possibly belongs here : but the example is very imperfect and the
leaves are 2-3, some of them petioled.

45. B. paleacea, Kurz in Flora 1871, 297; cauline leaf 1 obliquely
cordate-ovate or orbicular, petioles and inflorescence with short paleaceous
hairs, capsule winged below.

Martaban ; Attaran Valley ; Brandts.

An erect low herb, simple or nearly so, succulent ; rootstock tuberous. Leaf 3-6
in., sometimes proliferous, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, entire or deeply crenate,
often finely ciliate, membranous, glabrous or sometimes papillose and hairy on the
nerves beneath ; petiole £-1 in. or 0 ; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, pilose. Cymes
long-peduncled, slender, few-flowered, springing from the base of the ribs of the
leaves ; pedicels capillary, glandular-pubescent ; flowers small, white ; bracts of the
male flowers ^ in., broad-ovate, obtuse, glabrous, deciduous, the female smaller, lan-
ceolate, acuminate, pilose, more persistent. Male : sepals £ in., broadly round,
slightly hairy without ; petals a little smaller ; stamens many, monadelphous, anthers
obovoid, emarginate. Female : styles 2, connate, shortly 2-lobed. Capsule nearly
\ in., glabrous or slightly hairy, oblong, 2-celled, 3-winged ; wings \ in. broad, trun-
cate at the apex, or the medial wing twice as broad ; placentas 2-fid. — The above
copied from Kurz, who has placed the species between B. prolifera and B. sinuata ;
the very imperfect specimen communicated seems B. integrifolia, No. 38.

46. S. sinuata, Wall. Cat. 3680; caulescent, leaves cordate-ovate co-
vered on both surfaces by minute but thickly placed stellate haire, capsule
winged below. A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 354; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877,
pt. ii. 108. Diplocinium biloculare, Wight Ic. t. 1814. B. guttata, elongata,
and subrotunda, Wall. Cat. 3671 B, 6291, 6293.

Pinang; Wallich, &c. Tenasserim, Parish, &c. Malaya; Maingay No. 674.

Rootstock small with small tubers. "Whole plant 10 in. but more often quite
small, covered (except the upper part of the cvmes) with much minute stellate
pubescence. Stem 1-6 in. Leaves 1-5 in. diam., nearly equal at the base, denticulate-
sinuate ; petiole ^-3 in. or 0 ; stipules less than \ in., lanceolate, acuminate, stellately
pubescent. Cymes weak ; lower bracts lanceolate, stellately hairy ; upper often
■quite glabrous, sometimes lobed ; flowers not very numerous, small, pink, glabrous.
Male: sepals 2, roundish; petals 2, narrower, obovate; stamens about 20, much mo-
nadelphous, anthers obovoid, connective not produced. Female : perianth-segments 5,
inner gradually smaller ; styles 2, combined half-way up, stigmas lunate. Capsule
\ by f in. including the wings ; wings from the lower part of the capsule, two smaller
triangular acute. Seeds short-ellipsoid, somewhat obovoid.

47. B. andamensis. Parish ww.; caulescent, nearly glabrous, leaves
cordate-orbicular shortly petioled or the upper sessile ; capsule winged below.

Andamans and Moulmein ; Parish.

Rootstock tuberous. Stem erect, whole plant 6-10 in. Leaves 1-4 in. diam., entire
or minutely closely denticulate, equal at the base, with few lax hairs on the nerves
beneath, sometimes minutely pilose above ; petiole of the radical leaves elongate, of
the cauline usually 0-f in. ; stipules small, ovate, acute, glabrous. Peduncles very
glabrous upwards ; bracts very small, ovate, acute ; floors not very many, rose-
coloured, rather larger than in the allied species. Flowers capsule and seeds almost
identical with those of B. sinuata but the styles are less combined. — The capsule is
quite membranous but shows a tendency to dehisce along either side of the narrow
wings, exactly as in Platycentrum : and the present species (with B. sitiuata) seems
closely allied to the small species of that section. This species is reduced to B.
sinuata by Kurz, but it does not exhibit the stellate hairs on the upper surface of
the leaf and the flowers are much larger.

JBegonia."] lxvi. begoniace-e. (C. B. Clarke.) * 651

48. B. martabanica, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 354; caulescent, leaves
petioled cordate-ovate, petioles and nerves of the leaves beneath pubescent.
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 108.

Moulmein; Lobb No. 393 ; Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2575).

This differs from B. sinuata by the absence of the stellate pubescence : and from
B. andamensis in the leaves being longer-petioled, none sessile, more acute with a
serrate ciliate margin ; and in the generally greater pubescence ; the stipules being
pubescent and the lower bracts often ciliate or fimbriate.

49. B. Parish!!, C. B. Clarke ; cauline leaves 1-3 all sessile cordate
orbicular with lax scattered pubescence above and on the nerves beneath, cap-
sule winged above.

Moulmein ; on limestone rocks ; Parish.

Tuber rather large. Erect, nearly 1 ft., stem and lower part of the peduncle with
some lax pubescence. Leaves l£-3£ in. diam., subequal at the base, crenate-serrate ;
petiole of the cauline 0, of the radical 2-8 in.; stipules of the cauline £ in., ovate,
acute, ciliate. Pedicels and flowers glabrous ; lower bracts £ in., ciliate or fimbriate,
ovate, acute. Flowers few, medium, rose-coloured. Male : sepals 2, | in., round ;
petals 2, obovate, narrower, rather shorter ; stamens about 40, long-monadelphous,
anthers elongate-obovoid, connective not at all produced. Female: perianth of 4
(perhaps of 5) segments ; styles 2, long combined, stigmas curved complex. Capsule
(only half ripe) more than \ in. — The ripe capsule not being seen, this species may
be a Platycentrum, as the size of the flowers indicates, but the styles are combined
nearly to the base of the stigmas.

50. B. flaccidissima, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1872, pt. ii. 308 ; caules-
cent, minutely sparsely pubescent, leaves petioled cordate orbicular obtuse,
petals in the male 0.

Tenasserim; Kurz.

A tender very flaccid herb, 4-5 in. high. Leaves 2 in. diam., deeply crenate-den-
tate, almost lobed; petiole 2-3 in.; stipules hyaline, obtuse, about £ in. Cymes
dichotomous, minutely sparsely pubescent ; bracts linear, minute ; flowers small,
white, on capillary pedicels. Male : sepals 2, §-£ in., rotund-ovate ; petals 0 ; sta-
mens many, very monadelphous, anthers subovoid. Female : perianth-segments 4 ;
styles 2, free from the base, each dilated into a concave semilunate stigma ; ovary
sparsely and crisply pilose, 2-celled. Capsule unknown. — Plant not seen. The above
copied from Mr. Kurz. The general description is like that of B. dclicatula, No. 54.

B. Ovary 2-celled. Capsule winged, wings irregular and much produced
below the cells. Perianth accrescent on the fruit. Sect. Dysmorphia, A. DC«

51. B. crenata, Dryand. in Trans. Linn. Soc. i. 162, t. 14, fig. 3 ;
pedicels and young ovary often with minute scattered glandular pubescence,
sepals of the male £-£ in. A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 356 ; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 104. B. minima, Bedd. Ic. PI. t. 110.

Malabar coast, alt. 0-3000 ft, from Bombay to Wynaad. ? Tenasserim, Heifer,
No. 2584.

Nearly glabrous. Bootstock slender, tuberous. Stein slender, 4-10 in., 1-4-
leaved. Leaves 1^-2 in. (sometimes much smaller), ovate, slightljBcordate at the
base, crenate or serrate, glabrous or with slight pubescence on the nerves beneath;
petiole £-2 in. ; stipules small, ovate, acute, glabrous. Peduncles weak ; bracts less
than £ in., ovate, acute, glabrous ; flowers not numerous, white or pinkish. Male :
sepals 2, elliptic; petals 2, narrower; stamens 8-16, very monadelphous, anthers
oblong, connective not produced. Female : perianth-segments 5, outer elliptic,
inner oblong, soon becoming larger than the male flower ; styles 2, combined at base,

652 lxvi. BEGONIACE&. (C. B. Clarke.) [Begonia.

stigmas lunate. Capsule scarcely £ by £ in., membranous, crowned by the accrescent
perianth. Seeds short-ellipsoid. — Col. Beddome's B. minima is reduced by inspection
of his figure merely. Heifer's No. 2584 is in fruit and is either this or some very
closely allied species.

52. B. can a ran a, Miq. Anal. Bot. Ind. iii. p. 18 ; pedicels and ovary gla-
brous, sepals of the male £ in. A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 356. B. rubella, Miq.
in PL Hohenack. No. 843, not of Ham.

Mangalor, in Canara ; Hohenacker.

Closely resembling the preceding species : but the leaves flower and fruit are
rather smaller. The styles in B. canarana are combined higher up (ex A. DC).

0. Ovary 3-celled. Capsule membranous, globose, wingless.

53. B. delicatula, Parish ms ; styles long combined.

Motjlmein ; Parish.

Rootstock small, fibrous. Stem 5-12 in., slightly dividing, with several leaves and
peduncles from all the axils, glabrous, weak. Leaves 2-3 in. diam., broad-orbicu-
lar, cordate, subequal at the base, doubly serrate, very delicate, with weak scattered
pubescence above and on the nerves beneath ; petiole of the cauline leaves long, attain-
ing 3-4 in. ; stipules less than \ in., lanceolate, glabrous. Peduncles repeatedly dicho-
tomous, with very many flowers ; bracts numerous, small, hyaline, subpersistent, ob-
long, ciliate or fimbriate, pedicels and young ovary with minute sparse lax pubescence.
Male : sepals 2, \ in., round ; petals 0 ; stamens 20, much monadelphous, anthers
narrow-obovoid, connective not produced. Female : perianth of 4 segments, inner two
obovate, not very narrow; styles 3, stigmas lunate. Capsule £ in. diam., almost
exactly globose, very membranous, breaking up irregularly, wingless. Seeds shortly
ellipsoid.

Sect. VI. Uniplacentales. Placenta undivided. Capsule 3-celled
with 3 thin not very unequal wings, dehiscing by lines within the margins of its
three faces.

* Stemless, or stemmed having the peduncles long and from the upper axils
only.

54. B. fibrosa, C. B. Clarke ; cauline leaves 2 orbicular sessile witli
many peduncles from the axils of each.

Motjlmein ; on limestone rocks ; Parish.

Rootstock fibrous, no root-leaves in the dried examples ; plant 6-10 in., glabrous
or nearly so. Leaves orbicular, larger 6-8 in. diam., nearly entire. Peduncles rather
stout, as many as 7 from one axil, minutely sparsely puberulo-pubescent ; bracts foli-
aceous; lower f in., elliptic, glabrous, often petioled; upper smaller. Male : sepals 2,
5 in., ovate; petals 2, oblong, smaller; stamens about 10, nearly free, anthers short-
obovoid, connective not produced. Female : perianth of 3 segments ; styles 3, com-
bined less than half their length, each dividing into two curved branches. Capsule
| by \ in. including the wings, upper margin of the broader wing horizontal or some-
what descending. Seeds small, ellipsoid.

55. B. teller a, Dryand. in Trans. Linn. Soc. i. 169, t. 16 ; stemless,
leaves ovate, petioles peduncles and young ovary with much lax pubescence.
A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 386. B. Thwaitesii, Hook Bot. Mag. 4692; A.
DC. I c.

Ceylon, Walker. Pas-dom Corle ; Thwaites.

Rootstock somewhat thick, tuberous. Leaves 2-4 in. diam., obtuse or subacute,

] lxvi. begoniace^. (C. B. Clarke.) 65

subequally cordate at the base, minutely denticulate not serrate, with scattered
weak pubescence on both* surfaces, the young leaves very shaggy; petiole 2-5 in.;
stipules nearly £ in., ovate, acute, glabrous. Peduncles 3-6 in., not exceeding the
leaves, with a few flowers towards their summits ; bracts ovate, acute, ciliate, pu-
bescent or the lower ones glabrous. Male : sepals 2, £-§ in., round, pubescent on
the back ; petals 2, oblong ; stamens about 40, anthers obovoid, connective not pro-
duced. Female : perianth of 5 segments, inner narrower ; styles 3, nearly free, 2-
lobed near their summit. Capsule £ by £ in. including the wings, wings not very
unequal, their upper margins straight from the top of the capsule slightly descending.
Seeds short-ellipsoid. — The example of Walker marked B. tenera, Dryand. in the
writing of M. Alph. DC. is identical with Thwaites' No. 2808.

56. B. subpeltata, Wight Ic. t. 1812 ; stemless, leaves ovate, petioles
pubescent, pedicels and young ovary glabrous. A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 386.

South Deccan Peninsula; probably Malabar or Travancore, Wight. Ceylon,
Thwaites.

This differs from B. tenera, Dryand. in the glabrous pedicels and ovaries, in the
larger flowers, in the somewhat angular leaves which are slightly more serrate. (See
Thwaites Enum. p. 128.) It is hardly distinct from B. tenera.

57. B. concanensis, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 314 ; caulescent, gla-
brous or nearly so, leaves ovate serrate and sometimes lobed. Dalz. 8f Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 104.

Concan, tropical region, Stocks. Bombay, above the Ghats, Law.

Rootstock a tuber. Stem elongated, whole plant sometime 1 ft. Leaves 3-5 in.,
acute not acuminate, cordate, subequal at the base, young leaves with a little lax
pubescence beneath, the older leaves with a few scattered hairs or quite glabrous ;
petiole of the cauline leaves l-2£ in., of the radical often very long ; stipules £ in.,
ovate, acute. Peduncles elongate, dichotomous ; bracts lanceolate ; flowers rose-co-
loured, not very many. Male : sepals 2, nearly £ in., elliptic ; petals 2, smaller,
narrower ; stamens about 40, nearly free, anthers obovoid, connective not produced.
Female : perianth of 5 segments, 3 inner much narrower; styles 3, nearly free, bifid
near the apex. Capsule |— § by f-f in. including the wings, wings from the upper
part of the capsule, their upper margins slightly descending. Seeds ellipsoid. — This
slightly differs from subpeltata by having a distinct (often elongate) stem and the
petioles without patent hairs. As to the placentas which are taken as bipartite by
Alph. DC, but are at least sometimes undivided, it is curious that the example of
B. concanensis at Kew authenticated in A. DCs handwriting is typical B. tricho-
carpa.

58. B. tricliocarpa, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. ii. 230 ; caulescent,
leaves ovate serrate, flowers large, ovary with much lax pubescence. A. DC.
Prodr. xv. pt. i. 350 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 104.

Malabar Ghats ; Concan, Canara, Mysore, Malabar, frequently collected.

Rootstock large, tuberous. Stem elongate, often exceeding 1 ft., glabrous or
nearly so. Leaves 3-5 in., acute scarcely acuminate, cordate, subequal at the base,
with scattered pubescence on both surfaces ; petiole of the cauline leaves often 3-4 in.,
little pubescent ; stipules ^ in., ovate, lanceolate. Peduncles scarcely elongate, re-
peatedly dichotomous ; bracts | in., lanceolate, ciliate, pubescent ; pedicels and ovary
with lax long hairs; flowers white. Male: sepals 2, elliptic, sometimes exceeding
| in., more or less pubescent without, usually entire, sometimes fimbriate or ciliate ;
petals 2, narrower, shorter ; stamens 40 or more, nearly free, anthers oblong-obovoid,
connective not produced. Female : perianth of 5 segments, inner narrower ; styles 3,
nearly free, each divided into two branches. Capsule |-f by nearly 1 in. including
the wings, ultimately glabrous, wings not much unequal, their upper margins from
the summit of the capsule slightly ascending ; placentas undivided.

654 lxvi. begoniace^}. (C. B. Clarke.) [Begonia.

59. B. nivea, Parish ins. ; Kurzin Journ. As. Soe. 1873, pt. ii. 81 ; radi-
cal leaf solitary elliptic-oblong doubly serrate, petiole 0-£ in., scape leafless or
with two very small leaves near its base.

Moulmein ; Parish.

Rootstock tuberous. Eadical leaf 2-3^ in., obtuse, subequal scarcely cordate at
the base, glabrous, white beneath, with scattered very coarse bristles above. Scape
6-8 in., glabrous, leafless, or with a pair of opposite leaves near its base which resem-
ble the radical leaf but are less than 1 in., divided near the summit ; bracts ovate or
oblong, very obtuse, entire, glabrous ; flowers medium-large, white. Male : sepals
2, §-£ in., round; petals 2, not much shorter but narrow; stamens about 10, much
monadelphous, anthers oblong, connective not produced./ Female : perianth of 5 (or
6) segments ; styles 3, much combined, each ending in two curved branches. Capsule
3 by $-% in. including the wings, wings not very unequal, their upper margins hori-
zontal.

60. B. albo-coccinea, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4172; stemless, leaves
broadly round peltate entire. A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 389. B. Grahamiana,
Wight Ic. t. 1811. B. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 3673.

Cottrtalltjm ; Wight. Mysoee and Carnatic, alt. 1000 ft. ; G. Thomson.

Rootstock elongate, thick. Leaves 3-4£ in., usually broader than long, nearly
glabrous when mature but often ciliate on the margin ; petiole 3-6 in., pubescent
often tomentose; stipules large, sometimes exceeding 1^ in., lanceolate, glabrous.
Scapes 4-9 in., usually glabrous below, above with the bracts and pedicels pubescent ;
bracts £ in., lanceolate; flowers many, bright rose-coloured. Male: sepals 2, f in.,
round ; petals 2, elliptic ; stamens 40, very shortly monadelphous, anthers shortly ob-
ovoid, connective not produced. Female : young ovary almost tomentose ; styles 3,
little combined below, 2-lobed and much contorted above. Capsule f by -| in. in-
cluding the wings ; wings equal, continued at nearly equal breadth entirely round the
capsule which is thus exactly elliptic in outline. Seeds ellipsoid.

61. B. floccifera, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. Ill ; scape elongate far above
the leaves many-flowered, leaves broadly rounded with whitish tomentum
beneath.

Travancore and South Tinnevelly Hills, alt. 3000 ft. ; Beddome.

Leaves l£-3 in., broader than long, subequally cordate at the base, denticulate or
nearly entire, thickly coriaceous, with close whitish or yellowish tomentum on both
surfaces, becoming at length nearly glabrous above ; petiole 1-3 in., with similar
tomentum; stipules f in., broad-elliptic, acute, scarious. Scape 18 in., very firm,
branching at 15 in. high into a very compound cyme; bracts many, small, lanceolate,
glabrous, persistent; pedicels and flowers glabrous. Male : sepals 2, scarcely \ in.,
round ; petals 0 ; stamens 40, shortly monadelphous, anthers obovoid, connective
not produced. Female : perianth of 4 nearly equal segments, persistent on the
fruit; styles 3, nearly free, 2-lobed near the apex. Capside ^ by $ in. including
the wings ; wings subequal, rounded, broadest at the height of half the capsule.
Seeds ellipsoid.

62. B. Brandisiana, Kurz in Flora 1871, 295; radical leaves long-
petioled deeply 5-7-lobed, cauline small, perianth both of male and female of

Martaban ; Attaran Valley ; Br. Brandis.

Rootstock tuberous ; stem succulent, nearly glabrous and simple. Radical leaves
5-7 in., rather broader than long, membranous, base subcordate, lobes acuminate and
obtusely repand-toothed ; petiole 5-8 in., glabrous ; cauline leaves much smaller and
shorter-petioled, usually 5-lobed. Peduncle very long, subradical, many times dicho-
tomous ; pedicels capillary ; bracts lanceolate, minute ; flowers very many, white.

Begonia.'] lxvi. begoniacej:. (C. B. Clarke.) 655

minute. Sepals of either sex 2, 1- in., round, emarginate, a little broader than long ;
petals of either sex 0 ; stamens many, free, anthers oblong. Styles 3, bifid at the
apex. Capsule £-£ in., ovate, acute, glabrous, 3-winged ; wings retrorsely produced
below the cells, 2 broad-oblong obtuse, the other linear-oblong; placentas undivided.
Seeds small, short, ellipsoid.

** Stem elongate with lateral inflorescence.

f Perianth of the malejlower of 4 segments.

63. B. Wallichiana, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 383 ; young parts pedicels
and ovary with, short viscid pubescence.

Morung Mountains ; Hamilton ex Wall. Cat.

Branch more than 10 in. long, dividing repeatedly, with many leaves, and flowers
from the lowermost as well as the upper axils. Leaves 2-3 in., cordate, ovate, very
unequal at the base, dentate-serrate, with very short viscid pubescence on both sur-
faces ; petiole ^-1 in., viscidly pubescent; stipules £ in., ovate, acute, ciliate. Pedun-
cles 2 in., few-flowered ; bracts £ in., ovate, acute, scarious, pubescent, persistent.
Male : sepals 2, x in., round-elliptic ; petals 2, narrower ; stamens (ex A. DC.) mo-
nadelphous, anthers ovoid, connective not produced. Female: styles 3, free, each
ending in two long curved and twisted branches. Capsule J by f in. including the
wings, at length glabrous, wings subequal, broadest near the base of the capsule, their
margin everywhere rounded. Seeds ellipsoid. — The locality of this plant is very
doubtful. By Morung Hamilton understood the Terai from the river Teesta to the
Kooshee (see Hamilton's Nepal p. 151): this tract has been explored by very good
collectors (J. Scott, Gamble, &c.) since, and no plant at all corresponding to the pre-
sent large species has been obtained : indeed Alph. DC. doubts (and with reason)
whether any such plant has ever been found in Asia.

ft Perianth of the male flower of 2 segments only.

64. B. malabarica, Lamk. Diet. i. 393, not of Boxb. ; flowers medium
large, capsule more than \ in.. Wall. Cat. 3676, excl. .D ; A. DC. Prodr. xv.
pt. i. 392 ; Thwaites JEnum. 128 (0) only. B. dipetala, Grah. in Bat. Mag. t.
2849 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1730 ; IAndl. $ Paxt. Flow. Qard. i. t. 14 ; Wight Ic.
t. 1813; A. DC. I.e. 391. B. tuberosa, Herb. Mad.-, Wall. Cat. 3675. B.
hydrophila, Miq. in Flora 1853, 769 ; A. DC. I. c. 392.

Malabar Mts. ; common, ascending to 6000 ft. ; and in Ceylon.

Stem often 2 ft., repeatedly dividing, with many leaves. Leaves 2-4 in., cordate,
acute, very unequal at the base, crenate or serrate, pilose above and sometimes pu-
bescent beneath, or altogether glabrous ; petiole 1-5 in. ; stipules | in., persistent,
ovate, acute, glabrous. Peduncles axillary, rarely exceeding 2-3 in., glabrous or nearly
so ; bracts f in., lanceolate, acute ; flowers rose-coloured, not very many on one
peduncle. Male : sepals 2, |-£ in., round, glabrous ; petals 0 ; stamens 40, shortly
monadelphous, anthers obovoid, connective not produced. Female : perianth nearly
as in the male ; styles 3, little combined at the base, each dividing into two curved
and twisted branches. Capsule f by f in. including the wings ; wings little unequal,
continued all round the capsule, rounded altogether or having an obtuse angle at the
outer upper margin. Seeds ellipsoid, slightly obovoid.— The following are distin-
guished as species by Alph. DC.

Vab. 1. dipetala; leaves pilose above and sometimes pubescent beneath, capsule
without any angle on the wings. — This is the old B. tuberosa of the Madras Herba-
rium and B. dipetala vera of Thwaites. But there are examples at Kew in ripe fruit
which have most of the capsules round- winged, others on the same stem angularly
winged ; and in the large series of examples the pubescence is often evanescent or all
but so.

Var. 2. hydrophila; leaves pilose above, capsule shorter than in var. 1, the wings
broader and more unequal.

656 lxvi. begoniacejE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Begonia.

Vab. 3. malabarica; leaves glabrous, capsules large slightly subquadral rather
than elliptic. — As to Rheede Hort. Mai. ix. t. 86 referred here, it may be the present
plant as it is difficult to guess what other species Rhee4e could have got in Malabar :
though it differs not merely in the points mentioned by Alph. DC. ; but in the male
flowers with two sepals and two petals.

DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.

~65^5. khasiana, C. B. Clarke ; flowers minute, capsule less than £ in. B. pe-
dunculosa Wall. Cat. 3672 B.

Stlhet Mts. (which means Khasia) ; Wallich.

Branches weak, succulent, scariose winged, repeatedly divided with many leaves.
Leaves \\-2 in., cordate, acute, very unequal at the base, serrate, pilose above, laxly
sparsely villose on the nerves beneath ; petiole \-\ in. ; stipules \ in., persistent, ob-
long, acute, glabrous. Peduncles from the lower as well ks from the upper axils,
1-1£ in., few-flowered ; bracts minute, elliptic, acute, ciliate, fimbriate. Male :
sepals 2, scarcely £ in., round, glabrous ; petals 0 ; stamens about 8, anthers oblong,
connective not produced. Female: perianth of 5 segments; styles 3, divided up-
wards. Capsule 5 by ^ in. including the wings ; wings 3, one about twice as broad as
the others, its margin from the top of the capsule first horizontal then rounding
away without angles ; capsule dehiscing by marginal lines within the margins of its_
faces ; placentas not seen.

B. tenuifolia, Bryand. in Trans. Linn. Soc. i. 162, from Pulo Pontargh, is not
a Pulo Pinang plant as A. DC. suspects from the similarity of the names (see Prodr.
xv. pt. i. 351).

Okder LXVII. DATISCACEJE. (By 0. B. Clarke.)

Trees or herbs. Leaves petioled, simple or pinnate ; stipules 0. Floivers
small, dioecious in the Indian species, clustered racemed or panicled. Male :
calyx-tube short, teeth 3-9; petals 0; stamens 4-25. Female: calyx-tube
adnate to the ovary, lobes 3-8 short ; petals 0 ; ovary 1-celled, open or closed at
the vertex ; styles lateral, alternating with as many parietal placentae, simple or
2-partite ; ovules very many, ascending or horizontal. Capsule coriaceous or
membranous, opening at the vertex between the styles. Seeds very many, small,
albuminous; embryo straight, radicle next the hilum. — Disteib. Species 4;
natives of the Mediterranean, Central Asia, Java, and North-West America.

Herb. Styles 3, deeply divided. Lower leaves pinnate .... 1. Datisca.
Tree. Styles 4, simple. Leaves all simple , . . 2. Tetbameles.

1. DATISCA, Linn.

Tall glabrous erect herbs. Leaves 3-partite or unequally pinnate, the upper-
most undivided ; leaflets lanceolate, strongly serrate. Flowers dioecious, axillary,
clustered, short-pedicelled. Male : Calyx-tube very short, lobes 4-9, unequal ;
stamens 9-25 : no rudiment of the ovary. Female : Calyx-tube ovoid, trigonous
upwards ; styles 3, divided nearly to the base into two linear stigmas. Capsule
narrow-oblong, trigonous, coriaceous, opening at the vertex between the styles.
Seeds many, ellipsoid, coarsely reticulated. — Distrib. Species 2, one in Western
Asia, the other in California.

1. D. cannabina, Linn. ; JBoiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 763 ; leaves from the
flowering branches long-petioled very narrowly linear-lanceolate attenuated at

Datisca.] lxvii. datiscace.e. (C. B. Clarke.) 657

tooth ends, flowers fascicled, rarely on short lateral branches and falsely ra-
cemed. Lamk. III. t. 823 ; WaU. Cat. 4664 ; A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 410 :
Sibth. Fl. GrcBc. t. 960. D. nepalensis, Don Prodr. 203.

Temperate and Subtropical Western Himalaya from Kashmir to Nipal, alt.
1000-6000 ft.; Wallich, Thomson, &c, not very common. — Distrib. Westward to
the Levant.

Stem 2-6 ft., stout, branching. Lower leaves 1 ft., pinnate; leaflets 7-11,
6 by l£ in., petioluled; upper much smaller and less divided; floral simple, 3 by
1} in. Pedicels often carrying linear bracts. Anthers oblong, rather large ; filaments
very short. Styles \ in. Capsule i by less than £ in.

2. TETRAMELES, R.Br.

A large tree. Leaves petioled, ovate, pubescent beneath at least on the
nerves. Flmoers dioecious, appearing before the leaves ; males panicled, females
in elongate racemes, clustered near the ends of the branchlets. Male : Calyx-
lobes short ; teeth 4, ovate, one or two smaller teeth sometimes added ; petals 0;
stamens 4, opposite the calyx-teeth, inserted round a depressed disc ; rudiment
of the ovary 0 or quadrangular. Female: Calyx-tube ovoid; teeth 4, short ;
petals 0 ; styles 4, short, stigmas simple somewhat club-shaped. Capsule ovoid,
with 4 lines or slight ridges, membranous, opening at the top between the
styles. Seeds very many, minute, flattened, ellipsoid, testa very lax and extend-
ing much beyond the nucleus as a loose ragged large-reticulated membrane.

1. T. nudiflora, R. Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Rar. 79, t. 17 ; A. DC. Prodr.
xv. pt. i. 411 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 212 ; Brand. Far. Fl. 245 ; Kurz For. Fl. 535.
T. Grahamiana, Wight Ic. t. 1956; A. DC. I.e. T. rufinervis, Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. pt. i. 726 j A. DC. I.e. Anictoclea Grahamiana, Nimmo in Orah. Cat.
Bomb. PL 252.— Indeterminata, Wall. Cat. 9045.

Sixxm, alt. 2000 ft. ; J. D. H. Western Ghats from Bombay to Ceylon.
Burma, Tenassertm and Andamans, frequent, Kurz. — Distrib. Java.

Attains 100-150 ft. Leaves 5-6 by 4-5 in. roundly ovate, shortly acuminate,
serrate or nearly entire, pubescent on both surfaces when young, glabrescent when
old, glabrous in Mr. Kurz's Andaman plant except the' nerves beneath. Racemes and
panicles pubescent ; flowers sessile or nearly so. bracts minute or 0. Anthers small,
roundish ; filaments long. Capsule \ by £ in., glandular.

Order LXVIII. CACTEJE. (By C. B. Clarke.)

Herbs, shrubs, or trees ; branches often thickened, striated, or angled. Leaves
usually represented by tufts of spines, or by prickles or small tubercles. Flowers
solitary, sessile, hermaphrodite, regular. Calyx-tvhe adnate to the ovaiy,
lobes 3-ao , small, imbricate. Petals oo , free or shortly united at the base,
imbricate. Stamens oo , free^pr adnate to the base of the petals ; filaments
filiform. Ovary 1-celled ; st™e filiform or cylindric, stigma 2-ao rayed ; ovules
very many on parietal placentas, horizontal. Berry 1-celled, placentas pulpy.
Seeds very many, oblong or reniform \ albumen plentiful, or scanty, or almost 0 ;
embryo straight or curved. — Distrib. Species 1000, confined to America, ex-
cept Rhipsalis cassytha.

Optjntia Dhxenii, Haw.; DC. Prodr. iii. 472 ; Cactus indieus, Eoxb. Hort. Beng.
37, FL Ind. ii. 475; Wight III. 114; an American plant, is naturalised in India, and
vol. n. u tf

658 Lxvni. CACTEiE. (C. B. Clarke.) [BMpsalis,

is nearly or quite the same species as that on which cochineal is tended in Teneriffe ;
see Lowe Fl, Madeira, 313-319 ; Brand. For. Fl. 245-247. Koxburgh states that the
cochineal " insects " brought from America throve and multiplied abundantly on
his Cactus indicus.

1. RHIPSALIS, Gaertn.

Small fleshy shrubs; branches long, terete, or flattened and leaf-like.
Leaves represented by small scales. Flowers lateral, small. Calyx-tube not
produced above the ovary, lobes 3-oo . Petals 6-10, spreading, oblong: Ovary
smooth; style filiform, stigma 3-oo -rayed. Berry globose, smooth; the pla-
centas projecting inwards nearly to the axis. Seeds obovoid ; albumen 0. —
Distkib. Species 30, confined to Tropical America, except the one species
below.

1. It. Cassytha, Gaertn. Fruct. 137, t. 28. fig. 1 ; branches round pen-
dulous whorled, petals 5-6. DC. Prodr. iii. 476 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 865 ; Hook.
Exot. Fl. t. 2; Bot. Mag. t. 3080; Thwaites Enum. 129.

Ceylon; upon rocks and trees throughout the Central Province and certainly
indigenous, Walker; Thwaites.— Distbib. Mauritius, South and Central Africa,
Tropical America.

Calyx-segments 4-5, acute, very unequal, tinged with red at the apex. Corolla
white. Stamens about 20. Placentas 3-4 ; stigma 3-4-rayed. Berry size of a pea,
transparent, white. Seeds oblong, shining, black, obscurely striate.

Order LXIX. FICOIDE2E. (By O. B. Clarke.)

Herbs. Leaves simple, often fleshy, usually opposite or whorled : stipules 0
or scarious. Flowers usually in cymes or clusters, rarely solitary, regular, her-
maphrodite rarely polygamous. Calyx of 4-5 segments, united into a tube or
nearly distinct, free from the ovary in the Indian genera, often persistent. Pe-
tals usually wanting, when present small. Stamens perigynous or hypogynous,
definite or indefinite; staminodes sometimes present. Ovary free " (except in
Mesembryanthemum), 2-5-celled, syncarpous (except in Gisekia) ; styles as many
as the carpels ; ovules many in each carpel and axile, or solitary basal. Fruit
usually capsular, splitting dorsally or circumsciss, more rarely the carpels sepa-
rate into cocci. Seeds many or 1 in each carpel, usually remform, compressed ;
embryo curved or annular, surrounding the farinaceous albumen, radicle next the
hilum. — Distrib. Species 450, chiefly African, a few are scattered through most
tropical and subtropical regions.

Tribe I. Aizoideoe. Calyx-tube elongate. Stamens inserted on the
calyx-tube.

* Carpels dehiscing dorsally . ^

Hairy woody small herbs , . . 1. Aizoon.

** Capsule circumsciss.

Ovary (and capsule) 3-5-celled 2. Sesttvtum.

Ovary (and capsule) 1-2-celled 3. Tbianthema.

Aizoon.'] lxix. ftcoidejE. (C. B. Clarke.) 659

Tribe II. IVIollug-ineae. Calyx deeply 5-partite. Stamens hypogynous.

t Carpels dehiscing dorsally.

Petals many, small, hypogynous 4. Orygia.

Petals 0. Stipules scarious, fugacious 5. Moixugo.

**

Capsule of separate cocci.

Carpels 3-5, separate in the flower , 6. Gisekia.

Carpels 2, combined in the flower 7. Limeum.

1. AXZOON, Linn.

Spreading procumbent herbs, or small shrubs. Leaves alternate or falsely
opposite, entire; stipules 0. Flowers axillary, solitary or in spikes or cymes.
Calyx-tube short ; lobes 6-4, spreading, yellow within. Petals 0. Stamens many,
inserted near the top of the calyx-tube. Ovary free, 5-4-celled, depressed,
nearly included in the calyx-tube ; styles 5-4, free, subulate ; ovules several in
each cell. Capsule almost woody, surrounded by the persistent calyx, 5-celled,
cells splitting from the top downwards dorsally. Seeds 2 or several in each cell,
reniform; embryo annular. — Distbib. Species 8, from Europe to S. Africa,
and from the Canaries to Scinde : one aberrant species in Australia.

1. A. canariense, Linn.-, Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 765; leaves petioled
hairy elliptic, capsules sessile numerous, the valves infiexed. DC.jVl. Grass.
t. 136, Prodr. iii. 453.

Scinde ; Stocks, ' Vicary. — Distbib. Affghanistan, Arabia, Africa. !

Small, woody, closely procumbent, repeatedly dividing. Leaves 1-lti in., papil-
lose and simply hairy or tomentose, petiole 0-£ in. Flowers in near Ay 3very axil.
Calyx-lobes f in. ovate. Capsule § in. broad, the summit when lookeJQ cown upon
pentagonal. Seeds black, smooth, with a few continuous raised ridges concentric
with regard to the unappendaged hilum.

2. SESUVIUM, Linn.

Succulent branching herbs. Leaves opposite, fleshy; stipulets 0. Flowers
axillary, sessile or peduncled, solitary, rarely in cymes. Cailyx-tuie short;
lobes 5, triangular-lanceolate, persistent, often coloured. Petals 0. ^Stamens
many or 5, inserted round the summit of the calyx-tube. (Ovary free, 3-5-
celled; styles 3-5; ovules many, axile. Capsule ovate-oblong, membranous,
3-5-celled, circumsciss. Seeds many in each cell, reniform ; enibryo annular. —
Distbib. Species 4, littoral in warm climates.

1. S. Portulacastrum, Linn. ; Roxb. Fl. Lnd. ii. 509/; glabrous, styles
3-5, seeds black shining smooth. Dak. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 15 J; Kurz in Journ,
As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 110. S. repens, Willd. ; DC. P-odr. iiij.453 ; Wall. Cat.
6836 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 361 ; Wight in. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 71, t. 23.
Psammanthe marina, Hance in Walp. Ann. ii. 660.

Seashores of India, from Bombay to Calcutta and Singapore.— Distbib. Tro-
pical and subtropical seashores. /

Small, or extensively creeping and rooting in sand. Leaves 4-2 in., from obovate
to linear spathulate or subcylindric ; petiole often dilated at baste with scarious mar-

660 lxix. ficoidej;. (C. B. Clarke.) [Trianthema.

gins. Flowers solitary, axillary pedicel \ in. Calyx within a bright rose ; seg-
ments \ in., cuspidate. Stamens 15-40, free or nearly so. Styles 3, less commonly
4 or 5. Capsule 4 in. Seeds not very many, obtusely keeled on the margin.

3. TRZANTHEMA, Linn.

Diffuse prostrate branched herbs, glabrous or papillose. Leaves petioled,
opposite, unequal, from linear, to ovate or obovate, entire ; petioles connected at
base by their dilated membranous margins ; stipules 0. Flowers small, axillary,
sessile or peduncled, solitary or in cymes or clusters. Calyx-tube short or long,
lobes 5, often cuspidate, coloured within. Petals 0. Stamens 5-10 or more,
inserted near the top of the calyx-tube. Ovary free, 1-2-celled ; styles 1 or 2,
subulate ; ovules 1 or many, basal. Capsule membranous or coriaceous, clavate,
circumsciss, the upper portion often carrying away 1 or 2 seeds attached to or
enclosed in it, the lower portion 2-oo -seeded. Seeds reniform ; embryo annular.
— Distkib. Species 10, tropical and subtropical.

* Style!.

1. T. monogryna, Linn. Mant.69; calyx-tube scarious thin closely
sheathed by the base of the petiole, stamens about 15. DC. Prodr. iii. 352, PL
Grass, t. 109. T. obcordata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 34, Fl. Ind. ii. 445 ; Wall.
Cat. 6837, excl. F ; W. # A. Prodr. 355 ; Wight Lc. t. 228 ; Dalz. $ Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 14 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 110. T. pentandra /3. ob-
cordata, PC. Prodr. iii. 352.

Throujhlout India and Ceylon, common. — Distrib. Malaya, Western Asia, Africa,
Tropical Injierica.

GrlabrmsV Leaves £-l£ in., obovate; petiole £ in. Flowers solitary. Calyx-lobes
obtuse, cispi date. Stamens 10-20. Capsule | in., scarious below, beak exserted
coriaceour somewhat mitriform adnate to the enclosed seed, lower part 3-5-seeded.
Seeds black, scarcely shining, with concentric broken undulating raised lines.

2. 1. cirystallina, Vahl. Symb. i. 32 ; calyx-tube herbaceous with
many riLs n<bt sheathed by the base of the petiole, stamens 5. Roxb. Hort.
Beng. St, Fl[: Ind. ii. 444 ; Wall. Cat. 6840 ; W. Sf A. Prodr. 355 ; Edgw.
in Journ. Lintn. Soc. vi. 203 ; Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 14 ; Kurz in Journ. As.
Soc. 1877, pt.^ ii. 110. T. triquetra, Rottl. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 352. T. sedifolia,
Visian. PI. &\g- 1. 3. Papularia crystallina, Forsk. Fl. AEg. Arab. 69.

From the P\\"njab to Ceylon : not in Bengal. — Distrib. Throughout Africa.

Minutely pajbillose or glabrous. Leaves |-| in., narrowly oblanceolate or ellip-
tic ; petiole veiW short or obscure Flowers often very many, solitary densely
clustered. Calyyx-lobes triangular, cuspidate. Capsule ^ in. ; beak a circular corky
flat 'disc depressettl in the centre, deciduous often with one seed attached beneath or
imperfectly included by a membrane. Seeds 2, super-imposed, discoid, black, scarcely
shining, with concentric broken undulating raised lines.

** Styles 2.

3. T. pentsitndra, Linn. Mant. 79 ; stamens 5, beak of the fruit mitri-
form separating iijrto two 1-seeded parts, lower portion of the fruit 2-seeded..
DC. Prodr. iii. 3512 ; Edgw. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. 202 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii.
766. T. obcordata^ Wall. Cat. 6837 F. T. Govindia, Wall. Cat. 6838.

The Punjab, Sci'nde and plains of North- West India. — Distrib. Western Asia-
and Tropical Africa. \

Triantherna.'] lxix. FicoiDEiE. (C. B. Clarke.) 661

Papillse or nearly glabrous. Leaves 1-1 \ in., oblong or elliptic; petiole \ in.
Flowers in sessile clusters. Calyx-lobes ovate, often scarious on the margin, bracts
scarious. Capsule £ in. ; beak consisting of two lanceolar portions acute upwards,
coriaceous, closely adnate to the included seed. Seeds in the lower half of the cap-
sule 2, dull black, roughly puberulous, the concentric lineation very obscure.

4. T. decandra, Lmn. Mant. 70 ; stamens 10, beak of the fruit truncate
consolidated with the two included seeds indehiscent or only finally splitting.
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 34, Fl. lnd. ii. 444; DC. Prodr. iii. 352; Wall. Cat. 6839;
W. $ A. Prodr. 355 ; Wight Ic. t. 296 ; Bah. 8? Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 15 ; Kurz in
Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 110. Zaleya decandra, Burm. Fl. Ind. t. 31, fig. 3.

Deccan Peninsula and Ceylon. — Distrib. Timor ; Ava (ex Kurz).

Glabrous or minutely papillose. Leaves l-l£ in., oblong or elliptic; petiole
£-£ in. Flowers in nearly sessile clusters. Calyx-lobes ovate, usually obtuse, often
scarious on the margins ; bracts scarious. Capsule £ in., beak a truncate solid
cylinder, not at all or very obscurely mitriform. Seeds 4, 2 lower dull black puber-
ulous, with numerous faint concentric raised lines. — Closely allied to the preceding
species.

5. T. hydaspica, Edgiv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. 203 ; stamens 5-7,
beak of the fruit conical thin not completely enclosing a seed. T. polyspermia,
Hochst. in Oliv. Fl. Prop. Afr. ii. 588.

Mooltan ; Edgeworth. ScnspE ; Stocks. Bombay ; Law. — Distrib. East Tro-
pical Africa.

Minutely papillose or glabrous, Leaves £-1 in., oblong or elliptic, often with
scarious margins ; petiole £~ in. Flowers sessile, solitary and clustered. Calyx-tube
10-ribbed ; lobes triangular-elongate, acute, dilated at base so that there appear to be
5 interjected auricles. Capsule \ in. ; beak elongate-conical, hollow. Seeds about
10-15, dull black, with puberulous raised undulating lines that radiate from the
centre (and thus are in a direction at right angles to the lines on the seeds of the
four preceding species). — Flowers separated, or clustered. T. polysperma, Oliv. is
undistinguishable from some of Stocks' Scinde specimens. Diplochonium sesuvioides,
Fenzl. in Harv. $ Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 473 is separated by the very numerous stamens
and shining seeds, as Edgeworth has noted.

4. ORYGIA, Forsh.

A rigid branched glabrous herb. Leaves opposite and alternate, fleshy,
entire ; stipules 0. Cymes terminal and leaf-opposite, lax, few-flowered. Sepals
5, nearly free, ovate. Petals 0. Staminodes many, small, subhypogynous. Sta-
mens 12 or more, subhypogynous. Ovary free, globose, 5-ribbed, 5-celled ; styles
5, filiform ; ovules many, axile. Capsule globose, papery, wrapped in the per-
sistent sepals ; cells 5, dehiscing dorsally. Seeds many, reniform, strophiolate ;
embryo annular.

1. O. decumbens, Forsh. Fl. jEg. Arab. 103; DC. Prodr. iii. 455;
Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 755. Glinus trianthemoides, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 231 ;
DC. I c.;W.$ A. Prodr. 362 ; Wight III t. 113. G. mucronata, Klotzsch. in
Peters Rets. Mossamb. Bot. 140, t. 25. Portulaca decumbens, Vahl Symb. i. 33.
Talinum decumbens, Willd. Sp. PI. ii. 864. Axonotechium trianthemoides,
Fenzl. in Ann. Wien. Mus. i. 354.

Dry and hot India from the Punjab and Sonde to Mysore and Coimbatore.
Not in Bengal. — Distrib. Western Asia and the whole of Africa.

662 lxix. picoidej:. (C. B. Clarke.) [Mollugo.

Stems 6-18 in., somewhat angular or trigonous. Leaves f-1 in., obovate, cuspi-
date ; petiole £ in. Cymes with small lanceolate bracts at their divisions ; flowers
^ in. diam., pedicelled. Sepals purplish-green, with scarious edges, acute. Capsule
| in. diam. Seeds black, not shining, with numerous concentric elevated lines.

5. MOLLUGO, Linn*

Herbs, branched, often dichotomous. Leaves often falsely whorled, or
alternate, or all radical, from linear to obovate, entire ; stipules quickly disap-
pearing. Flowers axillary, sessile or pedicelled, clustered or in cymes or
racemes, small, greenish ; bracts inconspicuous. Sepals 5, persistent. Petals 0 ;
staminodes 0 or small in the same species. Stamens 5-3, rarely many. Ovary
free, globose or ellipsoid, 3-5-celled ; styles 3-5, linear or very small \ ovules
many, axile. Capsule membranous, sheathed by the sepals, 3-5-celled, dehiscing
dorsally. Seeds several in each cell, rarely 1, reniform, appendaged or not at the
hilum ; embryo annular. — Distkib. Species 12, tropical and subtropical.

* Seeds with an appendage at the hilum, inflorescence in axillary clusters.

1. XIX. hirta, Thunb. Fl. Cap. 120 ; flowers sessile or pedicelled, appen-
dage of the seed a membranous scale from which proceeds a linear bristle that
curls half round the seed. DC. Prodr. i. 391. M. Glinus, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss.
i. 48 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 110. iHinus lotoides, Linn. ; Lamh.
III. t. 413 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 455 ; Wall. Cat. 15ir; W. $ A. Prodr. 362 ; Sibth.
Fl Grcsc. t. 472 ; Dak. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 16 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 755. G.
dictamnoides, Linn. Mant. 243 ; DC. I. c. ; Wall. Cat. 1518 ; W. $ A. Prodr.
362. Boiss. I. c. i. 756. G. parviflora, Wall. Cat. 1519. Pharnaceum penta-
gonum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 22, Fl. Ind. ii. 103. Tryphera prostrata, Blume ;
A. DC. Prodr. xiii. pt. ii. 424.

Throughout India and Ceylon, common. — Disteib. All warm regions.

Stellately woolly, sometimes less hairy, rarely glabrous. Stem prostrate, much
branching, leafy. Leaves £-1 in., opposite or whorled, usually obovate but vary from
round to narrow-lanceolate ; petiole 0-j in. Flowers usually sessile or nearly so ;
pedicels sometimes f in. Sepals £-£ in., elliptic or oblong, acute. Staminodes linear
or 0. Stamens usually 10 or more but vary to 5. Styles 3-5, linear, short. Cap-
sule a little shorter than the sepals, oblong. Seeds many, covered with raised tuber-
cular points ; the appendage sometimes carrying more than one bristle. — A variable
weed of which the following are the most notice-worthy varieties.

Var. 1. typica; flowers sessile, sepals £ in. more or less stellately tomentose.
Grlinus dictamnoides, W. <Sf A. Prodr. 362.

Var. 2. lotoides, W. 8[ A. Prodr. 362 (sp.); pedicels of the flowers £-| in., sepals
\ in. stellately tomentose. — Hills of the Deccan Peninsula.

Var. 3. Keenani; stem slightly pubescent, leaves glabrous petioled lanceolate,
flowers sessile, sepals £ in. glabrous with scarious margins, capsule oblong the seeds
clearly seen through the walls, seeds exactly of Var. 1 but smaller than usual. —
Cachar, R. L. Keenan ; possibly a good species but it can be nearly matched out of
the African bundles of Var. 1.

2. IH. Sperg-ula, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 391 ; glabrous or nearly so,
flowers pedicelled, seed appendaged by a minute sliort subulate bristle. Wall.
Cat. 653 ; W. & A. Prodr. 44 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 111. M.
verticillata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 9, Fl. Ind. i. 360, not of Linn. M. parviflora,
DC. P)odr. i. 391. Pharnaceum parviflorum, Roth, Nov. Sp. 186. P. Mol-
lugo, Linn. Mant. 561 ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 22, Fl. Ind. ii. 102. Glinus Mol-
lugo, Fenzl in Ann. Wien. Mus. i. 359. — Rheede Hort. Mai. x. t. 24=.

Mollugo.'] lxix. ficoide^. (C. B. Clarke.) 663

From the base of the Eastern Himalaya to Ceylon and Burma ; common.
(No example from North-West India, the Punjab or Scinde.)— Distrib. Tropical Africa
and Australia.

Stem branching, diffuse, leafy. Leaves j-1 in., usually whorled, spathulate lan-
ceolate or elliptic ; petiole 0-£ in. Pedicels \-\ in. Sepals £-£ in., oblong, margins
often membranous. Stamens 5-10. Stigmas 3, minute. Capsule ellipsoid, a little
shorter than the sepals. Seeds many, covered with raised tubercular points, the
■appendage sometimes comprises a second, yet more minute, bristle.

** Seeds not appendaged, inflorescence in terminal cymes or racemes.

3. BX. stricta, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 391 ; glabrous, stems much
branched leafy, seeds covered with raised tubercular points. Wall. Cat. 649

W. # A. Prodr. 44 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 16 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc,
1877, pt. ii. 111. M. triphylla, Lour. Fl. Cochinc. 79 ; DC. Prodr. i. 392
Roxb. Sort. Beng. 9, Fl. Ind. i. 360 ; Wall. Cat. 651 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 44
M. Linkii, Seringe in DC. I. c. M. pentaphylla, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 391
Roxb. I.e. ; Wall. Cat. 650; W. $ A. Prodr. 44; Dalz. $ Gibs. I.e. Phar-
naceum strictum, triphyllum and pentaphyllum, Spreng. Syst. i. 949. — Rheede
Hort. Mai. x. t. 26.

Throughout India and Ceylon, very common. — Distrib. Eastward to Malacca,
China, Japan, Fiji.

Often a foot high. Leaves \-\\ in., whorled or opposite, varying from lanceolate
acute to obovate obtuse, much narrowed at the base ; petiole hence obscure. Cymes
compound, the branches sometimes racemed so that the inflorescence becomes like
that of M. disticka. Sepals ^ in., elliptic or round. Stamens 3-5, filaments dilated.
Styles 3, short, linear. Capsule as long as the sepals, globose, many-seecTed, the
walls thin. Seeds dark chestnut-coloured ; embryo curled into three-quarters of a
complete circle.

4. BE. Cerviana, Seringe in DC. Prodr. i. 392; glabrous, branched, cau-
line leaves linear-oblong, seeds reticulated without tubercular raised points.
Wall. Cat. 7128 ; W. $A. Prodr. 44; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 756. M. umbellata,
Seringe I. c. Pharnaceum Cerviana, Linn. ; Lamk. III. t. 214.

From the Punjab to Ceylon, in the hotter drier parts of India ; not in Bengal. —
Distrib. Asia, Africa to the Cape, Australia.

Stems 3-6 in., erect, usually several. Leavqg \-\ in., radical tufted spathulate or
obovate, cauline linear-oblong often 4-8 in a whorl, whence spring umbellately many
branches. Peduncles trichotomous or umbellate-cymose. Sepals T^ in., elliptic or
round. Stamens 5. Styles very small. Capsule as long as the sepals, globose,
many-seeded. Seeds pink-chestnut or yellowish, covered with slightly elevated
oblong reticulations, bluntly ridged on the back ; embryo curled through less than a
semicircle.

5. BE, distich a, Seringe in DC. Prodr. i. 392 ; glabrous, branched, cau-
line leaves lanceolate, seeds smooth. Wall. Cat. 652 ; W. § A. Prodr. 44 ;
Wight Ic. t. 3. Pharnaceum distichum, Linn. Mant. 221.

South Deccan Peninsula and Ceylon.

Stems often 12-18 in. Leaves £-1 in., usually whorled, tapering almost to the
base. Flowers in cymes, the branches often ultimately prolonged as racemes. Sepals
£-£ in., ovate. Stamens 5. Styles 3, short. Capsule as long as the sepals, globose
or shortly ellipsoid, many-seeded. Seeds obscurely reticulated, shining chestnut,
bluntly ridged on the back ; embryo curved through three-quarters of a circle. —
Wight's figure represents this plant as hairy : it is glabrous or sometimes microscopi-
cally puberulo-glandular.

664 lxix. ficoidej;. (C. B. Clarke.) [Mollugo.

6. IK. nudicaulis, Lamk. Diet. iv. 234 ; glabrous, stems many leafless
rising from a tuft of radical leaves. DC. Prodr. i. 391 ; Wall. Cat. 648 ; W.
Sf A. Prodr. 43. M. belli difolia, Seringe in DC. Prodr. i. 391. Pharnaceum
spathulatum, Spreng. Syst. i. 948. — Alsine, Burm. Fl. Zeyl. t. 8.

From the Punjab to Ceylon in the hotter drier parts of India ; not in Bengal. —
Distrib. New Caledonia, Tropical Africa, Cuba.

Leaves 1-2 in , elliptic, tapering to the base. Scapes 3-8 in., wiry, repeatedly
dichotomous. Sepals ^ in., oblong. Stamens 5-3 (Oliver). Stigmas 3, very
small. Capstde as long as the sepals, somewhat ellipsoid, many-seeded. Seeds black,
a microscopic scale appendaged to the hilum, obscurely ridged on the back, shining,
closely densely reticulated, very obscurely rough not tuberculated ; embryo curved
through half a semicircle — New Caledonian examples have the seeds rougher, and a
very short linear spur added to the appendage. Cuban examples resemble generally
the Indian, but one of them has the stem very woody thick branched densely packed
with leaves.

6. GXSEKIA, Linn.

Diffuse branched herbs. Leaves opposite or falsely whorled, fleshy, spa-
thulate, abounding in raphides ; stipules 0. Flowers sessile and pedicelled,
hermaphrodite or polygamous, small, greenish or purplish, in axillary cymes.
Sepals 5, nearly free, ovate, herbaceous with membranous margins. Petals 0.
Stamens (in the Indian species) 5, hypogynous* Carpels 5-3, distinct ; each
ending in a short simple style and containing one basal ovule. Fruit of 5, free,
membranous, papillose, indehiscent, carpels. Seeds vertical, subreniform ; em-
bryo curved. — Distrib. Species 5, in India, Arabia, and Africa.

1. Cr. pharnaceoides, Linn. Mant. 562 ; cymes dense, carpels covered
with papillae. Roxb. Cor. PL t. 183 (not good) ; Wight Ic. t. 1167 ; A. DC.
Prodr. xiii. pt. ii. 27 ; Xurz in Joum. Linn. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 111. G. mol-
luginoides, Wight Ic. t. 1168. G. linearifolia, Schum. ; A. DC. Pi-odr. I. c,
Pharnaceum occultum, Forsk. Fl. A£g. Arab. 58. •

The Punjab, Scinde, South Deccan Peninsula and Ceylon. — Distrib. Affgha-
nistan, Africa, Ava {Wallich).

Glabrous. Stems 8-18 in. Leaves f-l£ in., oblong or elliptic, entire, narrowed
at the base ; petiole 0-£ in. Sepals f^ in. Filaments dilated below. Carpels usually
5, in fruit as long as the sepals. Seeds blackish, smooth, minutely glandular-punc-
tate; embryo curved less than a semicircle.

7. ZiiniZSUBZ, Linn.

Branched, mostly prostrate herbs ; glandular or glabrous. Leaves alternate
or subopposite ; stipules 0. Flowers bracteate, cymed, hermaphrodite or unisex-
ual, small, green. Sepals 5, nearly free, ovate, herbaceous with membranous mar-
gins. Petals (in the Indian species) 3-5, small. Stamens 5-10, hypogynous ;
filaments dilated downwards and somewhat connate at the base. Ovary globose,
2-celled; stigmas 2, short; ovule 1 in each cell, basal. Fruit separating
vertically into two coriaceous hemispherical cocci, which at length dehisce
ventrally. Seeds vertical, reniform; embryo annular. — Distrib. Species 10,
African, one reaching the west of India.

1. Ij. indie um. Stocks ms. ex T. Anders, in Joum. Linn. Soc. v
30 ; leaves spathulate round, capsule smooth. Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 596.

Limeum.] lxix. ficoide*:. (C. B. Clarke.) 665

Punjab ; Edgeworth, Vioary, Aitcheson. Scindb ; Stocks.— Distrib. Aden, Nubia.

Subprostrate, glandular-puberulous or glabrate ; branches 8-18 in., much
divided. Leaves %—Jt in., opposite or nearly so petiole £ in. Cymes sessile (or nearly
so) at the nodes. Sepals £ in., roundish. Petals much shorter than the sepals, obovate,
clawed, the upper margin incised or nearly fimbriate. Stamens 6-7 (Oliver). Carpels
in fruit as long as the sepals, hemispheric, dehiscing ventrally; margins of the
valves inflexed so as to retain the seed until moistened. Seed reniform, longer than
broad, compressed, concavo-convex, perfectly smooth, whitish.

Order LXX. U1VIBELLIFERJE. (By 0. B. Clarke.)

Herbs (rarely in non-Indian species shrubs or trees). Leaves alternate,
usually divided or dissected, sometimes simple, petiole generally sheathing at
the base ; stipules 0. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, in compound umbels
(simple in Hydrocotyle and Bupleurum), exterior of the umbel sometimes
radiant ; umbels with involucriform bracts at the base of the general one and
bracteoles at the base of the partial ones (umbellules). Calyx-tube adnate to
the ovary, limb 0 or 5-toothed. Petals 5, epigynous, often unequal, and with
a median fold on the face, plane or emarginate or 2-lobed with the apex
inflexed ; imbricated in bud, in Hydrocotyle sometimes valvate. Stamens 5,
epigynous. Ovary inferior, 2-celled, disc 2-lobed ; styles 2, stigmas capitellate ;
ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous. Fruit of 2 indehiscent dorsally or laterally
compressed carpels, separated by a commissure ; carpels each attached to and
often pendulous from a slender often forked axis (carpophore), with 5 primary
ridges (1 dorsal, 2 marginal and 2 intermediate) and often 4 secondary ones
intercalated between these ; pericarp often traversed by oil canals (vittae). Seed
1 in each carpel, pendulous, albumen cartilaginous ; embryo small, next the
hilum, radicle superior. — Distrib. Species 1,300, mainly in Europe, North
Africa, West Central' and North Asia; a few are North American, tropical, and
natives of the Southern Hemisphere.

Tordylium is stated in Gen. PL i. 871 to be Himalayan. We have seen no spe-
cimens.

An umbellifer in flower, Edgw. No. 175£ from the North-west Himalaya, alt.
6000-7000 ft, may be Johrenia alpina, Fenzl.

Clavis of the. Genera (as to the Indian species only).

Series J. Heterosciadise. Umbels simple or irregularly compound.

Vittce 0. f
t

Leaves undivided. Stipulate. Fruit laterally compressed . 1. Hydrocotyle.

Leaves spinulose-serrate. Flowers capitate 2. Ebyngittm.

Leaves compound not spinulose. Umbels subcorymbose . . 3. Sanicula.

Series II. Haplozyg'iae. Umbels compound. Secondary ridges of the
fruit inconspicuous (except in Trachydium 9-jugum).

Tribe I. Ammineee. Fruit laterally compressed, or at least constricted
at the commissure, not or very obscurely winged.

* Carpels in outline ovate or oblong, not distinctly narrowed upwards, exca-
vated or concave on the inner face ; seed grooved or concave on the inner face.

666 lxx. umbellifer^. (C. B. Clarke.)

Bracteoles simple, linear , .... 4. Vicatia.

Bracteoles lobed or pinnatifid .5. Tbachydium.

Bracteoles entire, lanceolate, white-margined 6. EljEosticta.

** Carpels in outline ovate or oblong, not distinctly narrowed upwards, plane
on the inner face ; seed plane or concave on the inner face.

Leaves entire. Flowers yellow or lurid 7. Bupletjbtjm.

Umbels short-peduncled, leaf-opposed, ebracteolate .... 8. Apium.

Eidges of the fruit thick, corky 9. Cicuta.

Stem rigid, branched, almost leafless. Fruit densely hairy . 10. Pittjranthos.

Eidges of the fruit slender, valleys 1-vittate 11. Cabum.

Eidges of the fruit obtuse, corky, valleys 2-3-vittate . . .12. Sitjm.

Eidges of the fruit slender, valleys #-3-vittate 13. Pimpinella.

*** Carpels in outline elongate oblong', seed in horizontal section nearly cir-
cular, grooved on the inner face.

Ultimate segments of the leaves large, fruit attenuate at base . 14. Osmorrhiza.

Fruit oblong, narrowed upwards, distinctly ridged, glabrous . 15. Chjerophyllum.

Fruit narrowed upwards into a long beak 16. Scanbix.

Fruit oblong, narrowed upwards, obscurely ridged, hispid . .17. Anthriscus.

Tribe II. Seselineae. Fruit widest at the commissure, in horizontal
section circular or somewhat dorsally compressed. *

* Primary ridges of the fruit more or less distinct, not alate.

Fruit globose or subcylindric, ridges distinct. Petals white . 18. Sesbli.
Central flower of the umbellule sessile perfect, lateral male

pedicelled 19. Pycnocycla.

Leaves cut into filiform segments. Bracts 0. Petals yellow . 20. Fosnicuxtjm.

Fruit f in., roughly corrugate between the ridges 21. Pbangos.

Fruit with all the ridges equal, broad, obtuse, corky .... 22. CEnanthe.

Bracts prominent. Fruit ovoid, vittae oo 23. Schtjltzia.

Bracts 0, or small. Fruit ovoid, vittae «» 24. Polyzygtjs.

**

"Primary ridges of 'the fruit (or the lateral only) more or less excurrent,

f Valleys next the dorsal ridge 2-3-vittate.

Petals emarginate. Fruit less than \ in. . 25. Ligustictjm.

Petals subentire. Fruit \ in 30. Abchangelica.

tt Valleys next the dorsal ridge 1-vittate (very rarely lor 2 additional stnall
superficial vittce are present), in Pleurospermum Candollii S-2-vittate.

Tall. Leaves very compound. Seed plane on the inner face . 26. Selinum.
Stemless, or short. Carpels much compressed dorsally . . .27. Cortia.

Seed grooved or concave on the inner face 28. Pi»eubospebmum.

Leaves compound pinnate with large segments. Fruit £ in. . 29. Angemca.

Tribe III. Peucedaneae. Fruit much dorsally compressed, dorsal
ridges slightly excurrent lateral winged, wings of the opposite carpels closely
applied face to face.

Petioles of the leaflets winged. Petals yellow. Fruit £ in. . 31. Ferula.

Flowers not radiant. Ovary glabrous 32. Peucedanum.

Ovary pubescent. Vittae rarely reaching the base of the fruit 33. Heracleum.
Wings of carpels hyaline with a very thick border . . . .34. Zosimia.

Hydrocotyle.~\ lxx. umbellifeejs. (C. B. Clarke.) 667

Series III. Diplozyg-iee. Umbels compound. Secondary ridges of the
fruit prominent, primary equally or less prominent or inconspicuous.

* Fruit glabrous.

Fruit globose. Bracts 0 34.* Coriandrtjm. •

Fruit narrowly oblong. Bracts slender, simple 34.** Ctjminum.

** Fruit hirsute or setose.

Bracts pinnate. Seed plane on the inner face 35. Daucus.

Bracts linear, or 0. Seed grooved on the inner face . . . .36. Caucalis.
Bracts linear-lanceolate, membranous 37. Psammogeton.

1. HYDROCOTYLE, Linn.

Prostrate herbs, rooting at the nodes. Leaves (in the Indian species) cordate
or hastate, not peltate, round or 5-9-gonal, subentire or palmately lobed, pal-
mate-nerved, long-petioled ; stipules small, scarious. Umbels (in the Indian
species) simple, small; bracts small or 0; flowers white, sometimes uni-
sexual. Calyx-teeth 0 or minute. Petals entire, valvate or imbricate. Fruit
laterally compressed, commissure narrow ; carpels laterally compressed or sub-
pentagonal ; lateral primary ridges concealed within the commissure, or distant
therefrom and prominent ; vittse 0, or most slender, obscure ; carpophore 0.
Seed laterally compressed. — Distrib. Species 70 ; in wet places in tropical and
temperate regions, more numerous in the Southern Hemisphere.

Section I. Eu-Hydrocotyle. Petals acute, valvate. Secondary ridges
0. Pericarp not thickened.

1. H. javanica, Thunb. Dissert, ii. 415, t. 3; leaves 1-3 in. diam. cor-
date crenate, subentire or lobed to the middle, petiole laxly pubescent, peduncles
long upper often clustered, fruit much compressed not pentagonal. DC. Prod?'.
iv. 67 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 734 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii.
113. H. hispida, Don Prodr. 183. H. nepalensis, Hook. Exot. Fk t. 30 ;

Wall. Cat. 561 ; DC I. c. 65 ; Miq. I. c. 735. H. zeylanica, DC. I. c. 67; W. $
A. Prodr. 366 ; Miq. I. c. 734. H. hirsuta, Plume Bijd. 884. H. polycephala,

W. $ A. Prodr. 366; Wight 1c. t. 1003. H. hirta, R. Br. Far. aeutiloba, F.
Muell. ; Benth. Fl. Austral, iii. 340. H. Hey ne ana, Wall. Cat. 563. H. stri-
gosa, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 7219.

Himalaya ; from Kashmir to Bhotan, alt. 2000-8000 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt.
2000-6000 ft., common. Mts. of Malabar and Ceylon, common. Pegu and Te-
nasserim, alt. 2000-5000 ft. — Distrib. Malaya to the Philippines and Australia,
Mozambique.

Leaves 1-3 in. diam., pubescent or glabrous. Peduncles ^-2 in., lower solitary,
leaf-opposed. Umbels many-flowered ; bracts minute lanceolate scales among
the pedicels ; pedicels 0-i in., glabrous. Fruit ^ in., orbicular or subquadrate,
reticulate-rugose or smooth (sometimes deformed, enlarged, obovoid, corky);
lateral primary ridges commissural, intermediate faint or 0 ; pericarp hard, thin. —
Fruits exceedingly uniform even in minute characters from the Himalaya to Ceylon.
Thunberg describes H. javanica as glabrous, but all the specimens so named from Java
have at least the petioles and peduncles pubescent and are identical with the Indian.
H. hirsuta, Blume, is a form with fulvous pubescence abundant in the Eastern Hima-
laya.— H. polycephala, Wight 111. t. 117, fig. 1, represents the carpels as subpenta-
gonal and little compressed laterally, and perhaps was taken from H. rotundifolia.

668 lxx. umbelltferj:. (C.B.Clarke.) [Hydrocotyle.

Var. 1. podantha, Molkenboer in PI. Jungh. 89 (sp.) ; pedicels | in. Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. pt. i. 732. — Sikkitn, Bhotan, Khasia, frequent. — Peduncles sometimes 3 in.
Fruits ovoid, intermediate primary ridges 0. — Keferred to H. podantha from the
description only; Molkenboer relies partly on the leaves being setulose, but so
they are in typical H.javanica. H. laxiflora, DC. Prodr. iv. 61 ( = H. densiflora, DC.
Prodr. iv. 61), does not differ unless by the fruits being slightly less compressed.

Vab. 2. Hookeri ; leaves Very pentagonal little lobed, peduncles 6 in., fruit little
compressed yellowish shining with red glandular dots. — Khasia, alt. 5000-6000 ft. ;
H.f. 4" T. — Leaves 1\ in. diam., sparingly setulose. Fruit somewhat pentagonal, the
immediate primary ridges more- defined, nearly as in H. rotundifolia. This may be
a distinct species.

2. K. burmanica, Kurz in Journ. As. Soe. 1871, pt. ii. 60, and 1877,
pt. ii. 113 ; quite glabrous, leaves 5-lobed to the middle, lobes triangular acute
crenate, peduncles long; pedicels § in., fruit moderately compressed somewhat
pentagonal.

Upper Tenasserim ; alt. 3000-5000 ft. ; Brandts, Parish.

Leaves 1-2A in. diam. Peduncles 1-2| in., lower solitary leaf-opposed, upper
2-3-nate. Umbels many -flowered ; bracts minute. Fruit Jj in., broadly orbicular,
obscurely punctate not reticulate ; lateral primary ridges commissural, intermediate
appearing as slightly elevated angles; pericarp hard, thin. — Very n*»ar H. javanica,
differing in its glabrousness, 5-gonous leaves, and less compressed fruits. It may be
H. javanica (cf. Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. 4) when No. 1 must be called
H. hirsuta, Blume.

3. H. conferta, Wight Ic. t. 1002 ; leaves cordate crenate subentire or
lobed to the middle, petiole laxly pubescent, umbels subsessile, fruit somewhat
compressed subpentagonal.

South Deccan ; Pulney Mts., Wight; Nilgherry Mts., Gardner, Schmidt.

Leaves 1-2^ in. diam., setulose. Umbels 5-15-flowered ; peduncle when visible
glabrous, any bracts obscure. Fruit ~ in., orbicular, obscurely punctate, not reti-
culate; lateral primary ridges commissural, intermediate, appearing as slightly
elevated angles ; pericarp hard, thin. — Prom the size and hairiness of the leaves
this has been supposed near H. javanica, differing by its sessile clusters of fruit in
the axils ; but in the structure of its fruit it is exceedingly like H. rotundifolia
with wh|ch indeed it is mixed by Wight ; and from some forms of which it hardly
differs but by the larger more hairy leaves.

4. H. rotundifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 21, Fl. Ind. ii. 38 ; leaves orbi-
cular-cordate subentire or lobed to the middle or lower, pedicels 0, fruit some-
what compressed pentagonal. Wall. Cat. 562 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 64 ; Wight Ic.
t. 564. H. nitidula, A. Richd. ; DC. Prodr. iv. 66 ; Hook. Ex. Fl. t. 29. H.
tenella, Don Prodr. 183 ; DC. I. c. 64; W. $ A. Prodr. 366. H. ranunculoides,
Blume Bijd. 884 (Jide Molkenboer). H. puncticulata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt.
i. 733. H. Zollinger!, Molkenb. ; Miq. I. c. 733. H. perexigua, Fiance in Walp.
Ann. ii. 691.

North- West Himalaya ; alt. 4000-7000 ft. Bengal Plain, ascending to 4000 ft.
in Sikkim and Khasia, frequent. Mts. of Malabar and Ceylon, Wight. — Distrib.
Throughout Malaya. Guinea.

Leaves \-\ in. diam., glabrous and shining or pubescent or subvillous on both sur-
faces. Peduncles glabrous, 0-f in., sometimes on the same specimen ; bracts obscure ;
umbels 10-1 5 -flowered. Fruit ~ in., broadly orbicular, smooth, sometimes punctate ;
lateral primary ridges commissural (more prominent than in the three preceding
species), intermediate forming elevated angles ; pericarp hard, thin. — Easily separated
from the three preceding species by the much smaller leaves. The multiplication of
names is chiefly due to the variability in the length of the peduncle, the specimens

Hydrocotyle.] lxx. umbellifer^:. (C. B. Clarke.) 069

being in other respects very uniform. Some of the hill examples have shining
glabrous subserrate leiHes, the peduncles § in. ; other plains' examples closely pro-
cumbent on mud are villous with sessile umbels. H. kirta, R. Br. differs (if at all)
by its laxly hairy peduncles : see Benth. Fl. Austral, iii. 340, as to Var. pusilla only.
H. sibthorpioides, LamJc. ; DC. Prodr. I. c. 66, which extends throughout South-
Eastern Asia and Japan, only differs (from the form nitidula) by the rather larger
leaves and longer peduncles.

Section II. Centella. Petals obtuse, imbricate. Secondary ridges as
distinct as the primary. Pericarp much thickened.

5. H. asiatica, Linn. ; Rpxb. Hort. Beng. 31, Fl. Ind. ii. 88 ; leaves
orbicular-reniforin entire crenate or lobulate, peduncle short, bracts small ovate
embracing the flowers, pedicels 0, umbel 3-6-flowered. Wall. Cat. 560 ; DC.
Prodr. iv. 62; W. % A. Prodr. 366; Wight Ic. t. 565; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 105 j Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 113. H. Wightiana, Wall. Cat.
7220. H. lurida, Hance in Walp. Ann. ii. 690.— Rheede Hort. Mai. x. t. 46.

Throughout India, alt. 0-2000 ft. ; from the Himalaya to Ceylon and Malacca ;
frequent. — Distrib. Tropical and subtropical regions.

Leaves £-2£ in. diam., usually glabrous or nearly so ; petiole pubescent or glabrous.
Peduncles about | in., often 2-3-nate, laxly pubescent or glabrous; bracts £-£ in.,
not scattered among the pedicels (as in Eu-Hydrocotyle and in Araliacece). Fruit
^-£ in. Carpels oblong, subcylindric, curved, slightly compressed, much longer than
broad, reticulate-rugose, often crowned by the subpersistent petals, each with 9 cur-
vilinear subsimilar ridges, and 2 within the commissure ; pericarp thickened,
woody, white. Seed compressed laterally. — In this species it seems to be the endocarp
that is so greatly thickened, and that is adnate to the exocarp, thus invalidating one
of the most uniform distinctions between Umbelliferee and Araliacece (see Gen. PI.
i. 861).

2. ERYNGIUM, Linn.

Spinescent, glabrous, erect, perennial herbs (the Indian species). Leaves
spinous-toothed, entire lobed or dissected. Flowers in simple heads, each brac-
teolate; bracts stellate, spinulose (in Indian species). Calyx-tube covered with
ascending hyaline scales ; teeth rigid, acute. Petals white, narrow^ erect,
emarginate, scarcely imbricate. Fruit ellipsoid, nearly cylindric : carpels dor-
sally subcompressed, subconcave on the inner face ; primary ridges obtuse not
prominent, secondary 0 ; vittae in the primary ridges inconspicuous or 0, with
some very slender scattered in the endocarp : carpophore 0. Seed semi-terete,
dorsally subcompressed, subconcave on the inner face. — Distrib. Species 100,
temperate and tropical ; plentiful in Western Asia.

1. E. caeruleum, Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. i. 200, excl. syn. ; radical leaves
long-petioled cordate-oblong undivided crenate not spinulose, upper cauline
sessile palmately divided into lanceolate spinulose segments. Boiss. Fl. Orient.
ii. 823. — E. planum, Lindl. in Royle III. 232, not of Linn.

Kashmir, alt. 5000-6000 ft. ; Falconer, T. Thomson, Levinge. — Distrib. Cabul,
Persia, Turkestan.

Stems 2-3 ft., erect, undivided below, corymbose and often bluish above. Kadical
leaves 5 by If in., petiole 2-6 in.; lower cauline often similar smaller with shorter
petioles, but more often subsessile, elliptic, acute, undivided, serrate or subspinulose.
Bracts 5-6, 1 in., linear, with a few spines on the margins, sometimes short exterior
spines alternating with them ; bracteoles linear, spinulose, simple, exceeding the
flowers; a few (in the outermost row but one) sometimes spinous, subtrifid.
Cqlyx-tube densely scaly » teeth lanceolate-subulate, spinescent. Fruit £ in. — This

670 lxx. tjmbellifeiue. (C. B. Clarke.) [Eryngium.

has been referred to E. dichotomum, Desf. which has the radical leaves oblong entire
not spinulose and altogether differs. It is certainly BoissieA plant referred by him
to Biebersteins.

2. E. Billardieri, Delaroche Eryng. 25, t. 2 ; radical leaves long-petioled
3-partite segments 3-fid or pinnatifid spinous-toothed, cauline sessile palmately
3-5-partite. DC. Trodr. iv. 88 ; JBoiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 825. E. Kotschyi, Boiss.
Diagn. se?\ 2, v. 97. E. cserulescens, Jacquem. Journ.

Kashmir, alt. 5000-6000 ft. ; Jacquemont, Falconer, &c. Ladak ; T. Thomson,
Scinde ; Stocks. — Distrib. Western Asia.

Stem 6-18 in., erect or branching from the base, corymbose often bluish above.
Kadical leaves 2-4 in. diam., often hastate ; petiole 2-4 in. ; lower cauline sometimes
similar but short-petioled. Bracts 5-7, 1 in., linear, with few or 0 spines on the
margins; short spines alternate with and somewhat exterior to the bracts; brac-
teoles linear, spinulose, simple, exceeding the flowers. Calyx-tube with lanceolate
scales, teeth lanceolate-subulate spinescent. Fruit £ in. — The Indian examples are
all smaller with smaller heads than the type-specimens of E. Billardieri and are per-
haps Var, meiocephalum, Boiss. 1. c. The bracts are frequently without spines, but
the radical leaves are not narrowly dissected enough for E. Heldreichii, Boiss. I. c.
826. The radical leaves early disappear, it is then much like E. ceeruleum but can
generally be distinguished by its much less strict stem and dissected lower cauline

3. SANICULA, Linn.

Erect herbs. Leaves palmately 3-5-partite, segments toothed lobed or dis-
sected. Umbels irregularly compound, rays few ; bracts sessile, leaf-like ;
umbellules usually small with small bracteoles. Flowers mostly unisexual.
Calyx-tube villous, subechinate ; teeth herbaceous. Petals white, emarginate,
slightly imbricate. Fruit echinate, ovoid or slightly compressed laterally, com-
missure broad, carpophore 0 ; carpels ^-terete or subterete, plane on the inner
face, ridges all obscure, lateral primary commissural ; vittas small, solitary in
each primary ridge, with some very slender scattered in the endocarp. Seed
nearly terete. — Distrib. Species 10, 1 only in the Old World.

1. S. europcea, Linn.; EC. Prodr. iv. 84; leaves glabrous mucronate-
serrate, bracteoles linear shorter than the fruits, perfect flowers sessile male
usually pedicelled. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 832 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877,
pt. ii. 114. S. elata, Ham. ; Don Prodr. 183 ; Wall. Cat. 559 ; EC. 1. c. 85 ;
W. Sr A. Prodr. 367 ; Wight. III. t. 117, fig. 2; Wight Ic. tt. 334, 1004. S.
javanica, Blume Bijd. 882 ; DC. I.e. 85. S. montana, Reinw. ; DC. I. c. 85. S.
hermaphrodita, Ham. ; Don Prodr. 183.

Himalaya; from Kashmir to Bhotan ; alt. 4000-12,000 ft.; common. Khasia
Mts., alt. 3000-5500 ft. ; common. Burma. Mts. of Malabar and Ceylon. — Dis-
trib. Europe, Asia, Africa.

Height 1-3 ft. Kadical leaves 2-6 in. diam., persistent; petiole 1-6 in. Umbel
2-3 to 18 in. diam. ; rays divaricate, repeatedly 2-3-chotomous. Umbellules few-
flowered ; male pedicels often £ in. Calyx-teeth lanceolate. Fruit ~ in., densely
covered with hooked bristles, slightly compressed laterally.

4. VZCATXA, DC.

Perennial herbs, glabrous. Leaves pinnately compound, ultimate segments
narrow. Umbels compoimd ; bracts 1 linear, small, or 0 ; bracteoles several,
linear. Calyx-margin obsolete. Petals obovate, emarginate, white pink or

Vicatia.'] lxx. umbellifer^. (C. B. Clarke.) 671

purple-red. Fruit ovoid, narrowed at the apex, scarcely laterally compressed,
distinctly constricted»at the commissure. Carpels grooved on the inner face,
subpentagonal or subterete, dorsally subcompressed ; lateral primary ridges
commissural, intermediate slender but distinct ; vittse 2-3 in each furrow, not

large ; carpophore entire or bifid. Seed subterete, grooved on the inner face.

Distrib. Species 2-3, Himalayan.

Separable from Pimpinella only by the deeper groove on the inner face of the me-
ricarps as DC. states.

1. V. coniifolla, DC. Prod?', iv. 243 ; ultimate segments of the leaves
linear, carpels ovate broadly grooved on the inner face. Sison ? coniifolium,
Wall. Cat. 591. Chaerophyllum gracillimum, Rlotzsch in Heis. Pr. Waldem.
Bot. 149, t. 46. Ligusticum ? meoides, Jacquem. Journ.

Himalaya, alt. 6000-12,000 ft. , from Baltistan and Kashmir to Nepal,
common.

Stem 1-2 ft., ascending, divided, striate, sparingly leafy. Leaves usually 3-pin-
nate, ultimate segments linear or narrowly oblong-linear, acute. Peduncle 2-6 in.
Bract rarely exceeding ^ in., very rarely more than 1 or slightly divided ; primary
rays of the umbel 6-12, |-2 in., rigid, angularly striate ; bracteoles 3-6, often as long
as the umbellule. Fruit -|-£ in., disc prominent, styles short.

2. V. millefolia, C. B. Clarke ; ultimate segments of the leaves
setaceous, carpels oblong narrowly grooved on the inner face. Chserophyllum
millefolium, Klotzsch in Beis. Br. Waldem. Bot. 149, t. 45.

Kashmir; Tragbol, alt. 11,400 ft., C. B. Clarice. ? Nipal ; Hoffmeister. Sixxim ;
Jongri, alt. 12,000-13,000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

Stem 4-6 in., rarely 12 m. Cauline leaves 2-4 in., 2-3-4-pinnate, ultimate seg-
ments scarcely ± in. Fruit &-& in., oblong or narrow-oblong; disc prominent;
styles short. — United with V. coniifolia by Bentham (in Gen. PI. i. 883), but the fruit
is very much smaller, less grooved on the inner face, and the leaves are much more
finely cut.

3. V. 1 Stewartii, C. B. Clarke; secondary pinnae of the cauline
leaves deeply cut into small narrow-lanceolate teeth, carpels plane on the inner
face, seed with a T-shaped groove on the inner face.

GrURWHAL, alt. 6500 ft., Stewart.

Bracts small or 0. Bracteoles linear, unequal, some overtopping the flowering
umbellules. Fruit (not quite ripe) | in., rather larger than that of V. coniifolia,
ridges obscure ; vittse in each furrow 3 -4, small.

5. TRACHYDIUM, /iw//.

Perennial herbs, glabrous or minutely hirsute. Leaves 1- 2- or 3-pinnate.
Umbels compound, sometimes sessile, when the inflorescence appears to consist
of simple umbels on clustered long peduncles ; bracts several, foliaceous, lobed
or pinnate ; bracteoles 5-10, similar, often united at the base, sometimes
white membranous on the margins, often equalling the rays. Calyx-margin
obsolete or prominent, entire or nearly so. Petals white or pink, elliptic, sub-
acute, or emarginate by the greater or less inflexion of the apex. Fruit
ovoid or subquadrate, laterally subcompressed, slightly constricted at the com-
missure, smooth or tubercled ; carpels terete ; primary ridges distinct, sometimes
thickened, spongy, rugose or tubercled, lateral at the commissure ; secondary

672 lxx. umbellifer^;. (C. B. Clarke.) [Trachydiwn,

ridges 0, or like the primary ; vittae 1-2 between each primary ridge ; carpophore
entire 2-fid or 2-partite. Seed subpentagonal, lunate, dorsally subcompressed,
concave on the inner face. — Distrib. Species 10, Himalayan or Central Asiatic,
and 1 Abyssinian.

Subgen. Enneazy g"on. Fruit truncate ; calyx-margin spongy, patent ;
ridges of the carpels 9, equal, hollow, obtuse.

1. T. novem-jugfum, C. B. Clarke', radical leaves pinnate, pinnse orbi-
cular crenate. — Trachydiuni sp. 5, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. § T.

SnooM, alt, 12,000-15,000 ft. ; Lama Kangra, Tungu, and Yeumtong ; J. D. H.

Stem 0-2 in., grooved, thick, hollow. Kadical leaves 3 in. ; pinnae 7, £ in. diam.,
reticulale-nerved. Bracts like reduced leaves with narrower pinnae ; bracteoles
linear-obovate, toothed lobed or subpinnatifid. Umbels often subsessile ; rays 2-3 in.,
thick, often hollow ; rays of the umbellule often 15-20. Petals lurid green. Styles
very small. Fruit j$-jo m-> ov°id, subquadrate, somewhat cordate at the base, slightly
narrowed close under the calyx-margin which is wider than the summit of the fruit;
style bases depressed, inconspicuous. Carpels semi-terete; primary and secondary
ridges cellular, hollow, almost covering the carpel, smooth ; vittae about 8 (excluding
those on the commissure); carpophore 2-partite. Seed £ -terete, dorsally subcom-
pressed, slightly grooved on the inner face.

Subgeit. Pentazyg-on. Fruit narrowed upwards or truncate; calyx-
margin not prominent; ridges of the carpel 5, simple inflated rugose or
tubercled, secondary wanting.

2. T. Roylei, Lindl. in Boyle III. 232 ; radical leaves 2- sub-3-pinnate
ultimate segments lanceolate-linear, ridges tubercled. Dene, in Jacq. Voy. Bat.
67, t. 79.

West Tibet; Falconer. North-west Himalaya ; Lance ; Lanjar, alt. 17,500 ft.,
Strachey $ Winterbottom. Kashmir; alt. 11,000-14,000 ft.; in many places,
C. B. Clarke.

Stem 0-2 in., thick, grooved, often hollow. Eadical leaves 3 in. (including petiole),
oblong-lanceolate. Umbel solitary, sessile, with some of the rays (peduncles of single
umbels?) again umbelled; bracts leaf-like ; bracteoles 6-10, 1-2-pinnate, with lan-
ceolate acute ultimate segments, often white-membranous on the margin. Fruit
i-i in., ellipsoid, narrowed upwards ; primary ridges inflated, spongy, of cellular
tissue, nearly covering the carpel, glistening when very young, then rugulose, lax,
finally tubercled ; vittae usually 2 between the primary ridges. Seed ^-terete, dor-
sally subcompressed, subpentagonal.

3. T. dissectum, C. B. Clarke', radical leaves 2-pinnate, secondary
pinnae pinnatifid glabrous ultimate segments small linear acute, fruit small ovoid
truncate, ridges narrow not rugose. — Cortia, sp. 3, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. fy T.

Sikkim; Tungu, alt. 13,000-14,000 ft. J. D. H.

Stem 0-7 in., not thickened. Peduncles 1-4 in. ; bracts linear-oblong, pinnatifid,
segments lanceolate-linear acute ; bracteoles pinnate with narrow acute segments ;
primary rays \-\\ in. Style-\}&&Q8 prominent in the young fruit. Fruit ± in.,
slightly narrowed upwards ; pericarp thin, slightly inflated ; ridges hollow, much
narrower than in the preceding species, furrows nearly covering the fruit, vittae 1-2
in each furrow. Carpophore slender, 2-partite. Seed lunate, dorsally compressed.

4. T. hirsutulum, C. B. Clarke ; radical leaves 2-pinnate, secondary
pinnae pinnatifid hirsute ultimate segments small linear acute, fruit small
ovoid truncate ridges narrow not rugose.

Trachydium.] lxx. umbelliferj:. (C. B. Clarke.) 673

Sikkim; Tungu, alt. 13,000-14,000 ft., J. B.H

Stem 0, crown greatly thickeued. Leaves with ascending fine hairs on the mid-
rib. Umbel solitary, sessile, with some of the rays again umbelled. Bracteoles 3-6,
^-1 in., 3-fid or pinnatifid. Carpophore stout, 2-fid. Fruit nearly as of T. dissection,
but the ridges less acute, the style-bases less prominent.

5. T. obtusiusculum, C. B. Clarke; cauline leaves pinnate pinnae
pinnatifid ultimate segments lanceolate subacute, fruit ovoid-oblong narrowed
upwards, ridges narrow undulated not rugose. Ligusticum obtusiusculum,
Wall. Cat. 543. Hymenolaena obtusiuscula, DC. Prodr. iv. 246. — Trachy-
podium sp. 3, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. $ T.

Nipal, Gossain Than ; Wallich. Sikkim, alt. 11,000-13,000 ft, ; Tungu, Lachen,
Jongri ; J. B. H. ; C. B. Clarke.

Stem (including the terminal peduncle) often 1 foot, grooved, hollow. Kadical
leaves (including the petiole) 3-4 by 1 in., in Sikkim examples twice as large as Nipal
ones; pinnae 7-1 1, segments oblong toothed or lobulate. Bracts of a dilated
narrow oblong entire petiole and sub-bipinnate limb with narrow remote segments
in Sikkim examples, ovate pinnatifid with approximate broad lanceolate segments
in Nipal ones. Fruit \ in.; style-bases conical, prominent; primary ridges lax;
pericarp thin, somewhat inflated; vittoe usually 2 between the primary ridges;
carpophore 2-fid. Seed semiterete, dorsally subcompressed, hardly concave on the
inner face.

Var. stricta; ultimate segments and bracts more acuminate, primary rays shorter,
fruit more truncate less narrowed upwards. Trachydium, sp. 6. Herb. Ind. Or.
H.f. $ T.— Sikkim, Chola Pass, alt. 10,000-12,000 ft., •/. B. H. This may be a
distinct species. Stems very erect, rays of the umbel 1-1 £ in., not much divaricate;
but the only distinction of importance is in the fruit which, though not well ripened,
is unlike that of T. obtusiusculum at the same stage.

6. ELJEOSTICTA, Fend,

Annual herbs, glabrous, erect, corymbose upwards or simple. Leaves 1-3-
pinnate, ultimate segments linear. Umbels compound ; bracts and bracteoles
several, scarious. Calyx-teeth 0. Petals obovate, emarginate. Disc depressed,
inconspicuous. Styles short. Fruit elliptic, truncate, laterally compressed,
didymous ; primary ridges very slender or 0, vittse in each furrow 3-1, minute ;
carpophore 2-partite or entire. Seed lunate, margins incurved, hence broadly
grooved on the inner face. — Distbib. Species 4, in Western and Central Asia.

This genus is placed by Bentham {Gen. PI. i. 896) under Conopodium, but differs
in the short truncate fruit, the deeply grooved seed, and scarious bracts.

1. B. meifolia, Fenzl in Flora 1843, 458 ; bracts 5-6 lanceolate, brac-
teoles similar but smaller, fruit broader than long. Scaligeria meifolia, Boiss.
Fl. Orient, ii. 887. S. elata, Boiss. fy Haussk. ; Boiss. I. c. Butinia libanotica,
Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, ii. 62.

Punjab Plain ; Aitcheson. — Distrib. Persia, Syria.

Boot fusiform. Stem 1-3 ft., erect, panicled upwards or (in the small Indian ex-
ample) simple. Kays of the umbel 5-11, f-H in- Pedicels 6-12, £ in., Fruit
JL by JL in., depressed didymous ; ridges obsolete ; vittae minute, 2-1 in each furrow.
— The Indian solitary example may be a new species, but is more probably only a
small specimen ; the fruit is even smaller than in E. meifolia type, the carpophore
subentire.

vol. n. x x

674 lxi. UMBELLiFEiLa. (C. B. Clarke.) [Bupleurum.

7. BUPLEUBUM, Linn.

Glabrous herbs, or shrubs. Leaves entire. Umbels compound ; bracts and
bracteoles foliaceous, or setaceous, or 0. Flowers yellow or lurid, pedicelled
or subsessile. Calyx-teeth 0. Petals obovate, emarginate. Styles short. Fruit
laterally compressed, slightly constricted at the commissure ; carpels terete or
subpentagonal ; primary ridges distinct, sometimes subalate, rarely obscure ;
secondary 0, or obscure ; vittae 1-3 between the primary ridges, rarely 0 or
many ; carpophore entire 2-fid or 2-partite. Disc depressed, rarely prominent
in fruit. Seed terete, sometimes slightly grooved on the inner face. — Distrib.
Species 60, European and temperate Asiatic: 1 South African, 1 Arctic
American.

A genus at once recognised by its absolutely entire leaves.

1. B. plantag-inifolium, Wight Ic. t. 281 j upper cauline leaves
broadly oblong obtuse mucronate, bracts 3-5 elliptic foliaceous, fruit £ in.
oblong subquadrate subalate, furrows 1-vittate.

Mts. of the Deccan Peninsula; Nilghiris, alt. 6000-8000 ft., Wight, &c.

Stout, bushy, 2-7 ft. Lower leaves linear-oblong; upper cauline 2-4 by f-l£ in.,
subsessile, shortly narrowed at the base; nerves 10-30, subpalmate; secondary nu-
merous, distinct, reticulate. Bracts |-1 in., subequal ; bracteoles 4-5, J—A in.,
oblong-elliptic, mucronate; rays 6-12, grooved; pedicels 4-12, shorter than the
fruit. Carpels strongly pentagonal ; ridges thick, obtuse, suborbicular, corky ; fur-
rows glaucescent, vittae very large ; carpophore 2-fid, often 2-partite; Seed subterete,.
deeply but obtusely 5-ridged.

2. B. lanceolatum, Wall. Cat. 551 ; middle cauline leaves petioled
ovate or broadly lanceolate, bract 1 small lanceolate or 0, fruit ovoid-oblong,
ridges obscure, furrows 3-vittate. DC. Prodr. iv. 132.

North-west Himalaya ; from Kashmir to Nipal, alt. 4000-9000 ft., common.

Perennial, 1-5 ft., erect, nearly simple, or sometimes subpanicled with spreading
horizontal branches 1 foot long. Lower leaves long-petioled, lanceolate; middle cau-
line 3-5 by ^—3 in., ovate, acuminate, occasionally rounded at the base, nerves 5-7,
subpalmate ; secondary nerves numerous, distinct, reticulate. Bracts % in., acute ;
bracteoles less than ^ in., linear, usually obsolete in the fruit ; rays 5-8, unequal ;
pedicels 6-12, ^ in., subequal. Fruit £-| in. Carpels much incurved when ripe,
yellowish -brown, subviscid ; ridges distinct in imperfectly ripe fruit, small obsolete
in the fully ripe ; carpophore entire. Seed terete.

3. B. Candollii, Wall. Cat. 552; upper cauline leaves subsessile oblong*
or ovate hardly cordate lower linear-oblong, bracteoles 4-5 elliptic or oblong
usually as long as the flowering umbellule, fruit ellipsoid-oblong, ridges promi-
nent, furrows 3-vittate. DC. Prodr. iv. 131.

Himalaya, from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 8000-12,000 ft. ; frequent.

Perennial, 1-3 ft., erect- more or less corymbose upwards. Lower cauline leaves
2-5 by ±-% in. ; upper 1-4 by |-f in., acute, rarely acuminate, narrowed shortly at
the base, subsessile or sessile and amplexicaul; primary nerves 8-12, often subpin-
nate, oblique ; transverse nerves numerous, distinct, reticulating. Bracts 2-3 or 0,
A-lA in., ovate or oblong, acute, foliaceous, angular; bracteoles £-§ in., foliaceous,
frequently longer than the fruiting umbellule ; rays 5-8, rather short ; pedicels about
half as long as the carpels. Carpels ^ in., yellowish-brown, semi-terete or
dorsally subcompressed ; ridges distinct, but not thick nor winged ; carpophore entire.

Bupleurum."] lxx. umbellifer^i. (C. B. Clarke.) « 675

Seed nearly terete. — The Kashmir and Chumba examples are much more slender
than the Sikkim.

4. B. jucundum, Kurz in Seem.' Journ. Bot. 1867, 240; lower cauline
leaves short-petioled obovate upper ovate amplexicaul deeply cordate, bracteoles
4-5 oblong acute usually shorter than the umbellule, fruit elliptic-oblong,
ridges prominent, furrows 3-vittate. B. sachinalense, F. Schmidt Reis. Amur-
lande, 135. B. heterophyllum, Jacquem. mss. (not of Link).

Kashmir ; Budrawur, alt. 7000 ft., C. B. Clarice. Lahttl ; Jaeschhe. — Distrib.
Amurland.

Stems 1-2 ft., erect from a decumbent base, corymbose with long branches. Lower
cauline leaves 1-1^ in., orbicular, petiole scarcely -| in.; upper 1-2 in., orbicular or
ovate-oblong, mucronate, not peltate; primary nerves 10-20, palmate; transver.se
nerves numerous, distinct, oblique, reticulating. Bract 1, |-| in., ovate, foliaceous,
often amplexicaul or cordate, occasionally 0 ; bracteoles 4-5, usually £ in., often 0 ;
rays 5-8, somewhat stout, angular ; pedicels about half as long as the carpels.
Carpels nearly as in B. Candollii, but rather longer, £ in. — B. aureum, Fisch., differs
in the much larger bracteoles, and the often perfoliate upper leaves.

Var. cachemirica; lower cauline leaves linear-oblong or linear, upper ovate-
lanceolate, ridges subalate. — Kashmir, alt. 7500-10,000 ft., C. B. Clarke; common.
Lower cauline leaves 5 by | in. Bracts often 0 ; bracteoles of 1-4 oblong or linear
frequently 0. — The extreme forms of this with tall simple stem corymbose near the
summit, narrow leaves, and umbels nearly without bracts or bracteoles appear very
distinct from B. jucundum, but there are numerous intermediate forms.

5. B. Thomson!, C. B. Clarke ; cauline leaves linear upper lanceolate
or ovate cordate-amplexicaul, bracteoles 5-9 lanceolate acuminate or linear,
carpels glaucous 5-winged, furrows 4^3-vittate.

Kashmir ; Sonamurg, alt. 9250 ft., C. B. Clarice. North-west Himalaya, alt.
7000-9000 ft., T. Thomson.

Erect, 2-3 ft., corymbose. Upper cauline leaves 2-4 in., lanceolate, acuminate,
uppermost sometimes ovate, transverse reticulating nerves obscure. Bracts usually
0, sometimes 1-2 lanceolate: rays of the umbel 6-10, 1-2| in.; bracteoles usually
as long as the flowering umbellules, caudate ; rays of the umbellule often 20, about
half as long as the mericarp. Fruit ± in., oblong, subquadrate ; carpels terete, wings
more than half as broad as the nucleus ; carpophore very thin, 2-partite. — This has
been supposed to be allied to B. diversifolium ; but the foliage seems nearer that of
B. jucundum, var. cachemirica ; it should be compared with B. polyphyllum, Ledeb. ;
Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 851, of which no authentic example is at Kew.

6. B. diversifolium, Rochel PI. Ban. 68, t. 28, fig. 57; upper cauline
leaves lanceolate caudate base ovate amplexicaul scarcely cordate, bracteoles
5-8 narrow-lanceolate acuminate shorter than the fruiting umbellules, ridges
distinct, furrows 3-vittate. Reich. Ic. PI. Germ. t. 1885.

North-west Himalaya, alt. 7000-9000 ft., Thomson. Kashmir and Baltistan,
alt, 9000-12,000 ft., C. B. Clarke.— Distrib. West Asia, South-East Europe.

Lower cauline leaves linear, hardly broader upwards ; middle cauline completely
amplexicaul. Bracts 0, or 1, small, lanceolate: rays of the umbel 8-14; pedicels
£-£ in. Fruit £ in. glaucous, in outline oblong ; disc brown, subprominent. —
United with B.falcatum, Linn, both by Keichenbach I.e. and in Boiss. Fl. Orient.
ii. 850 : it differs in the completely amplexicaul, usually inflated, base of the cauline
leaves, the lower leaves linear not at all obovate, the fruits glaucous much more
strongly ribbed. Whether regarded as a species or variety, India produces the plant
of Eochel in its most characteristic form.

xx2

676 • lxx. UMBELLiFERiE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Bnpleurum.

7. B. falcatum, Linn.-, DC. Prodr. iv. 132; radical leaves linear
broader upwards middle cauline linear acute narrowed at the base more or less
amplexicaul, bracts 1-5 lanceolate small or 0, bracteoles 4-5 distinctly shorter
than the fruiting urubellule, carpels narrowly oblong, ridges not prominent,
furrows 3-vittate. Jacq. Fl. Austr. t. 158 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 850. B. imai-
colum, A. Kerner Nov. Sp. Fl. dec. ii. 19.

Himalaya; alt. 3000-12,000 ft., from Kashmir to Bhotan, frequent. Khasia
Mts. ; alt. 3000-6000 ft., frequent.— Distrib. Central and W. Asia, S. Europe.

Stem 1-4 ft., erect, corymbose upwards. Eadical leaves spathulate-oblong in the
typical European specimens, in the Indian (which belong to the form B. gramineum
Vill.) they are but slightly broader upwards. Cauline leaves ^-amplexicaul or sessile,
long acuminate, secondary nerves not prominent. Bracts usually 0 in the Indian
forms, sometimes a few scarcely \ in. ; bracteoles usually not longer than the
flowering umbellule, narrowly lanceolate; rays 5-8, li in.; pedicels 5-15, usually
less than half the length of the fruit. Fruit ~-^ in., brown ; carpels terete, ridges
distinct ; disc yellow or brownish, not prominent.

Var. 1. marginata, Wall. Cat. 566 (sp.) ; margins of the leaves prominently car-
tilaginous. DC. Prodr. iv. 132. — Himalaya and Khasia Mts.; the most frequent
form. — Middle cauline leaves often completely amplexicaul, but narrowed not widened
close to the base.

. Var. 2. Hoffmeisteri, Klotzsch in Reis. Pr. Waldem. Bot. 146, t. 52 (sp.); cauline
leaves numerous less acuminate scarcely at all amplexicaul, carpels \ in. glaucous,
ridges very prominent. — Kashmir, alt. 8000 ft., C. B. Clarke; Falconer. — Leaves
somewhat suddenly acute, mucronate, glaucous, primary nerves strong, secondary
subprominent.

Var. 3. niqrocarpa, Jacquem. ms. (sp.) ; stems numerous from the crown, often pro-
cumbent, cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate or linear widest very near the amplexicaul
base, bracts 3-4, | in. lanceolate-linear, disc prominent on the half ripe fruit purple-
black. B. virgatum, Wall. Cat. 555 not of W. # A. B. gracillimum, Klotzsch in
JReis. Pr. Waldem. Bot. 148, t. 50 (sp.) — Baltistan, Kashmir, and N.W. Himalaya;
alt. 10,000-14,000 ft. frequent. Sikkim; Yakla alt. 10,000 ft., C. B. Clarke—
This has all the appearance of an alpine variety of B. falcatum. The leaves vary a
good deal in width ; the lower always linear, the uppermost sometimes ovate. In
habit it agrees with an authentic example of B. baldense, var. ceneum, Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 849, but the leaves seem never oblong.

8. B. mucronatum, W. 8c A. Prodr. 370; cauline leaves linear or
linear-oblong mucronate often subobtuse narrowed at the base, bracts 4r-5
lanceolate prominent, carpels elliptic, ridges prominent, furrows 2-1- (rarely 3-)
vittate. B. ramosissimum, W. fy A. Prodr. 370 ; Wight. Ic. t. 1007. B. fal-
catum, Var. ramosissimum, Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. i.08. B. virgatum, W. 8f
A. Prodr. 370, not of Wall. B. nervosum, Moon Cat. 22.

Mts. of the South Deccan and Ceylon; alt, 5000-8000 ft. ; plentiful.

Differs essentially from B. falcatum, Linn, in the fruit being elliptic instead of
oblong, shorter, and narrowed at the apex. Also there are invariably present
4 or 5 bracts, often ^— § in., the bracteoles are more prominent usually exceeding
the flowering umbel lules, and the upper cauline leaves are less acuminate. W. & A.
have distinguished three forms as under:

Var. 1 typica ; stem little branched, upper leaves linear-oblong obtuse mucronate,
bracteoles sometimes exceeding the fruiting umbellules, carpels strongly ridged,
furrows usually with solitary large vittse. — South Deccan.

Var. 2. ramosissima, W. & A. 1. c. (sp.) ; stem corymbose upwards, leaves less ob-
tuse, bracteoles about as long as the flowering umbellules, carpels distinctly ridged,
furrows usually 2-vittate. — South Deccan.

Var. 3. virgata, W. & A. 1. c. (sp.) ; habit nearly of B. falcata but the fruit very
markedly ellipsoid, often only \ in. long and nearly as broad, ridges not very promi-

Bupleurum."] lxx. umbellifeile. (C. B. Clarke.) 677

Bent, furrows usually 3-vittate — Ceylon. — Stem usually simple, erect, laxly corymbose
above, cauline leaves subacute. — It is the existence of this var. that has led to the
referring the South Indian species to B. falcatum. This Ceylon plant differs from
the Himalayan B. falcatum not only in the shortened fruit but in the invariable pre-
sence of 4-5 bracts.

9. B. distichophyllum, W. fy A. Prodr. 370 ; lower cauline leaves
distichous bases closely imbricate sheathing, upper linear broadest at the base,
fruit elliptic, ridges distinct, furrows generally 1-vittate. Wight Ic. t. 1006.

Nilghiei Mts., alt. 7000 ft. ; Wight, &c.
• Stem 4-14 in., slender, erect ; otherwise closely resembling B. mucronatum from
which it differs chiefly in the very small fruits (i in.). The lower distichous leaves
are in the typical examples very closely packed, 12-16 in the space of 1 in. ; but
when these are absent it is difficult to distinguish from small examples of B. mucro-
natum.

10. B. lonsficaule, Wall. Cat. 557 ; lower cauline leaves linear or lan-
ceolate acute upper often wider at the base, bracteoles 5-8 elliptic-acuminate
foliaceous longer than the flowering umbellule, fruit oblong, ridges subalate,
furrows 3-vittate. DC. Prodr. iv. 131. B. rupestre, Edgw. in Trans. Linn.
Soc. xx. 52.

Himalaya, alt. 8-13,000 ft. ; from Kashmir to Sikkim; common.

Stem 8-24 in., erect, corymbose upwards ; sometimes branching from the root.
Leaves very variable ; in the "Wallichian type narrow-linear acute, the uppermost (and
the bracts) little wider, hardly oroader at the base, transverse nerves not prominent ;
in other examples upper leaves (as the bracts) ovate, acute, with very prominent
secondary nerves. Bracts 1-3 ; bracteoles 5-8, very prominent, with reticulating
nerves, often longer than the fruiting umbellule; rays 3-8, l-2£ in., somewhat stout,
striate. Petals and disc usually black. Fruit £-£ in.

Vae. 1. himalensis, Klotzsch in Eeis. Pr. Waldem. Bot. 146, t. 51 (sp.); upper
leaves ovate-lanceolate base amplexicaul ovate almost cordate, bracteoles 8-10 very
brpad imbricate. — Kashmir, alt. 12,000 ft., frequent. — Connected by imperceptible
gradations with the Eastern plant.

Vae. 2. Balkousieana ; upper leaves and bracts ovate-lanceolate narrowed at the
base, petals yellow, disc brown, fruit stongly ridged hardly winged usually thrice as
long as the pedicel. — Dalhousie and Dhurmsala, alt. 8000-12,000 ft.; plentiful,
C. B. Clarke. — Stems 4-8 in., sometimes erect 24 in., much divided or simple, corym-
bose at the top. Upper leaves and bracts with the transverse nerves obscure.
Bracteoles smaller than in typical B. longicaule, less acuminate, and much less
foliaceous, the transverse nerves far less prominent. — The true affinity of this form
is very doubtful : it differs from B. Candollii in the cauline leaves being narrower
with obscure secondary nerves, and by having all the leaves more acute : from B.
tenue in the acute leaves, stout rays of the umbel, and much stronger umbellules.

Vae. 3. stricta ; stems 12-15 in. usually simple terminated by a strict umbel, bracts
and bracteoles elliptic- oblong hardly acute pendent in fruit. — Sikkim ; Jongri, alt.
12,000-13,000 ft., C. B. Clarke. Stem very erect. Lower leaves "linear, upper rather
broader, all narrowed at the base. Bracts several, sometimes nearly 2 in. ; bracteoles
orbicular or oblong, sometimes f in., longer than the fruiting umbellule ; rays of the
umbel stout, ascending not divaricate. Fruit longer than in any form of B. lovgicaule,
sometimes | in. —This is almost surely allied to Var. Dalhousieana : but it may be
doubted whether it should be attached to B. longicaule, Wall.

11. B. tenue, Don Prodr. 182 ; upper leaves linear-oblong subobtuse
mucronate narrowed at the base, bracts and bracteoles not prominent, primary
ravs of the umbel slender, fruit TVs m-i ridges prominent, furrows 1-vittate.
Wall. Cat. 553 : DC. Prodr. iv. 128. B. flexuosum, Wall. Cat. 554.

678 lxx. umbellifeile. (C. B. Clarke.) [Bupleurum.

Himalaya ; from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 1-9000 ft. ; common in the West, and
in the lower hills, extending in the plains to Jullundur.

. Stem 1-3 ft., solitary, erect, much branched upwards, usually with numerous
umbels. Lower leaves linear; oblong leaves usually with 5-9 somewhat distant pri-
mary nerves and numerous prominent reticulating secondary ones. Bracts 1-4,
£-i in., lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate ; bracteoles 4-5, £ in., obovate-lanceolate,
often as long as the fruiting umbellule or longer ; rays 3-8, usually less than 1 in.,
never stout ; pedicels rarely exceeding ~ in- Fruit broadly oblong, yellowish brown ;
carpels terete ; vittse in each furrow solitary, sometimes obscure. — Distinguished from
B. CandoUii Var. minor by the delicate primary rays of the umbel and the much
smaller fruit.

Var. kkasiana ; upper leaves linear or lanceolate acute or acuminate, bracts and
bracteoles narrow-lanceolate prominent, fruit rather longer. — Khasia Mts., alt.
4000-6000 ft. ; common ; Tenasserim ; Martaban Hills, alt. 7000 ft., Kurz.— -Stem
often very bushy from the base, corymbosely dichotomous with ascending branches,
whereas in B. tenue type there is a simple main stem with divaricate sub-horizontal
branches. Bracts often f in. ; bracteoles overtopping the fruits. — This variety has
always been referred to B. tenue, Don, with which the fruit closely agrees ; it resembles
B. mucronalum, var. ramosissima in its leaves bracts and bracteoles, but differs in its
smaller, shorter pedicelled fruit. We have not seen Martaban specimens, but as
Kurz (Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 114) gives tenue, Don, as a native, we assume he
alludes to this variety.

12. B. BXaddeni, C. B. Clarke; cauline leaves small linear acuminate
narrowed at the base, bracteoles few not prominent, pedicels less than ^ in.,
fruit £ in. oblong strongly ridged, furrows 2-Q-vittate. — Bupleurum No. 8,
Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. § T. '

North-west Himalaya ; Mussoorie, Madden, Jameson ; Simla, Lady Dalhousie ;
Kunawur, alt. 6000-8000 ft,, Thomson,

Stems 1-2 ft., several from the root, erect, simple below, with numerous leafy
branches upwards. Lower leaves linear, almost subulate ; upper j-1^ in., scarcely
amplexicaul. Bracts 1-3, £ in., lanceolate, often 0 ; bracteoles 3, less often 4-5,
^ in., lanceolate or linear, rays 5-8, less than § in. Fruit broadly oblong, glaucous.
— Thomson regarded this as a new species near B. Unue, with which it agrees- in
having very small umbels with subsessile flowers, but it seems more closely allied to B.
falcatum, var. Hoffmeisteri, of which it may possibly be a depauperated mountain form.

13. B. setaceum, Fend in Tchih. As. Min. i. 418 ; stem slender dif-
fusely dichotomously branched, leaves setaceous, umbels simple few-flowered
subracemed with capillary peduncles, fruit ~ in. ellipsoid, ridges distinct, fur-
rows 1-vittate. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 847.

Kashmir, alt. 4500 ft. ; Kishtwar, C. B. Clarke ; Stewart. — Distrib. Bithynia.

Annual. Stem 18 in., erect, above divaricately branched. Cauline leaves 1-1^ in.,
uppermost \ in., setaceous, 3-nerved. Peduncles \-\\ in., usually springing as
though from a bifurcation whereof one branch is arrested. Bracts 1-4, ^-£ in.,
narrowly linear-lanceolate, usually longer than the fruiting umbel ; pedicels 1-4,
less than ~ in. Fruit obscurely transversely rugose between the ridges ; vittse
large, distinct, alternating with the ridges ; carpels terete, slightly pentagonal. —
Identified with B. setaceum from Fenzl's description only. There are several closely
allied species perhaps not really distinct : B. trichopodum, Boiss. # Sprun. (Boiss. FL
Orient, ii. 864) is much less compound, and the fruits have the furrows 3-vittate.

8. AFXU2&, Linn.

Herbs, annual or perennial, glabrous. Leaves pinnate, 3-partite, or com-
pound. Umbels compound, often leaf-opposed. Bracts and bracteoles 0 (in
the Indian species). Flowers white. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals ovate, acute,

Apium.] lxx. UMBELLiFERiE. (C. B. Clarke.) 679

tip inflexed. Fruit orbicular or elliptic, slightly longer than broad, laterally
subcompressed ; carpels semi-terete, subpentagonal, plane on the inner face ; pri-
mary ridges distinct, filiform ; secondary 0 ; furrows 1-vittate ; carpophore un-
divided, or shortly 2-fid. Seed semi-terete, dorsally subcompressed. — Distrib.
Species 14, scattered throughout the world.

The genus is hardly separable from Carum; the one Indian species is easily
recognized by its short-peduncled umbels opposite a leaf without bracts or brac-
teoles.

1. A. graveolens, latin.; DC. Prodr. iv. 101; radical leaves pinnate
with large deeply lobed segments, cauline 3-partite, segments once or twice
trifid coarsely toothed. Wall. Cat. 7212 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 367 ; Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 856.

Base of the North- west Himalaya, and outlying hills in the Punjab ; Falconer,
Jacguemont, &c. — Distrib. Cabul, West Asia, Europe, North Africa.

Biennial. Stem 1-8 ft., erect, branched. Peduncle 0-\ in., leaf-opposed : rays of
the umbel 5-10, £-l£ in.; pedicels 6-16, ^-£ m- Fruit ^-^ in. ; ridges narrow,
vittae broad, occupying the whole breadth of the furrows. — Wild celery.

9. CICUTA, Linn.

Serbs, perennial, tall, glabrous. Leaves usually compound-pinnate. Umbels
compound, rays numerous. Bracts 0, or few ; bracteoles many, small. Flowers
white. Calyx-teeth acute, minute. Petals obovate, emarginate. Fruit ovoid,
not longer than broad, subcompressed, distinctly narrowed at the commissure ;
carpels semi-terete, dorsally compressed, plane on the inner face ; primary
ridges broad, corky, obtuse ; furrows very narrow, 1-vittate ; carpophore 2-par-
tite. Seed semi-terete, dorsally compressed. — Distrib. Species 3, in the North
Temperate Zone.

1. C. virosa, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iv. 99; cauline leaves 2-3-pinnate, seg-
ments lanceolate serrate. Engl. Bot. t. 479; Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 1853.
Cicutaria aquatica, Lamk. Diet. ii. 2, HI. t. 195.

Kashmir ; Falconer ; Srinuggur, alt. 5200 ft., C. B. Clarke. — Distrib. Through-
out Europe and Temperate Asia ; in marshes and ditches.

Stem 2-5 ft., striate, hollow. Leaflets 1-2 by \-\ in. Peduncles 2-3 in., termi-
nal and leaf-opposed. Bracts 0 ; bracteoles 2-8, £ in., linear or narrowly lanceolate-
linear; rays often 15, l£-2^ in. ; pedicels often 30-40, \-% in. Fruit ± in. in
Indian examples (often ^ in. in European), lateral primary ridges commissural ;
commissure obscurely constricted in some Indian examples. — Water hemlock.

10. PITURANTHOS, Viv.

Perennial herbs, branched, somewhat rigid. Radical leaves 2-3-pinnate,
cauline much reduced. Umbels compound ; bracts and bracteoles lanceolate-
linear, small, or 0. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals white, ovate, emarginate.
Fruit ovoid or oblong, more or less laterally compressed, usually hairy ; carpels
terete, subpentagonal; primary ridges distinct (when the hair is removed),
obtuse ; furrows 1-vittate ; carpophore 2-partite. — Distrib. Species 5 African,
2 Indian.

680 lxx. umbellifeRjE. (C. B. Clarke.) [PiturantJws.

SuBGEtf. Eriocycla. Lindley (Gen.). Stem and leaves pubescent. Disc
conical, very prominent. Styles long-, early divergent, recurved. Ovary and
young fruit densely hairy. Fruit oblong, much longer than broad.

1. P. nuda, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 890; much branched upwards with vir-
gate almost naked branches, umbels long-peduncled, rays 3-6, fruit scarcely
laterally compressed. Eriocycla nuda, Lindl. in Boyle 111. 232, t. 51.

North-west Himalaya; Kunawur, alt. 10,000-11,000 ft., Boyle, T. Thomson ;
Jacquemont.

Stem 2-3 ft., glabrescent upwards. Lower cauline leaves 2-pinnate, ultimate seg-
ments \ in., oblong, lobed and toothed ; upper much reduced, often to oblong acute
sheaths \ in. Bracts 1-5, \ in; bracteoles 5-10, ^-£ in., linear; rays 1-4 in.;
pedicels 8-12, ~-j in., obscurely pubescent. Fruit £ in., at first densely hairy,
ultimately much less so ; carpels oblong, narrower upwards ; lateral primary ridges
marginal.

2. P. Thomson!, C. B. Clarice ; stem with many lateral branches and
umbels, rays 4r-8, fruit much laterally compressed. — Eriocycla sp. ? 2, Serb. Ind.
Or. H.f. 8f T.

West Tibet; Piti, alt.' 10,000-12,000 ft., Thomson. Himalaya; Jacquemont.

Stem 12-18 in., grey-pubescent. Lower cauline leaves 2-pinnate ; ultimate seg-
ments f in., ovate, deeply pinnatifid, toothed ; upper leaves greatly reduced. Umbels
long- or short-peduncled, sometimes sessile ; bracts 4-8, ^ in., linear ; rays |-1^ in.,
pubescent, subtomentose ; bracteoles and pedicels much' as in P. nuda, but more
hairy. Fruit £ in. ; carpels oblong, hardly narrowed upwards ; lateral primary
ridges within the distinctly constricted commissure.

11. CAEUM, Linn.

Herbs, perennial or annual. Leaves pinnate, or decompound. Umbels
compound ; bracts few or many, simple or rarely divided ; bracteoles several or .
many, undivided. Flowers white (in Indian species), polygamous, sterile
flowers often with enlarged or irregular petals. Calyx-teeth small, or 0.
Petals retuse or emarginate. Fruit ovoid ellipsoid or oblong, laterally com-
pressed and more or less constricted at the commissure ; carpels terete, sub-
pentagonal, plane on the inner face ; primary ridges slender, conspicuous or
obscure, lateral commissural ; furrows 1-vittate ; carpophore 2-fid or 2-partite.
Seed terete, dorsally subcompressed, plane or obscurely channelled on the inner
face. — Distrib. Species 50 in Europe, Temperate Asia, S. Africa and N.
America.

This genus as modelled by Mr. Bentham differs from Pimpinella in its solitary
vittse, from Seseli by the fruit being more or less constricted at the commissure. (See
Pimpinella caspitosa which has solitary vittse.)

* Fruit glabrous or very nearly so.

1. C. Carui, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iv. 115 ; ultimate segments of the lower
leaves lanceolate, of the upper linear, bracteoles small linear or 0, fruit elliptic-
oblong. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 879.

Baltistan, Kashmir and Gurwhal, alt, 9000-12,000 ft., Boyle, &c. — Distrib. W.
and N. Asia, Europe (often cultivated).

Glabrous. Stem 1-3 ft., branched, erect or diffuse. Leaves 2-pinnate, finely dis-
sected ; ultimate segments of the lower leaves |-£ in., of the upper ^—1 in. Bracts
1-3, small, linear, or 0, rarely divided ; rays 3-8, £-2 in., unequal ; pedicels 3-8,

Carum.'] lxx. umbellifer.e. (C. B. Clarke.) 681

5o-^ in., unequal. Fruit -g-£ in., yellowish-brown, almost viscid ; carpels terete
narrowed upwards, primary ridges thin but very distinct ; vittae solitary, rather
large ; carpophore entire, or shortly 2-fid. — C. meifolium, Bieb. Boiss. Fl. Orient, dif-
fers by its lower leaves with linear segments, its more numerous bracts ; but is
perhaps hardly distinguishable. — Caraway.

2. C. ? diversifolium, C. B. Clarke j upper leaves 3-partite, pinnae
narrow-oblong or linear entire, fruit elliptic-oblong prominently ridged. Sison
diversifolium, Wall. Cat. 592. Falcaria? diversilolia, DC. Frodr. iv. 110.

Nipal; Wallich.

Glabrous. Stem 3 ft. or more, much branched, sparingly leafy upwards, Leaves
2-3 in.; pinnae f by — in., acute, or in the upper leaves often linear. Bracts 1-3,
\ in. linear or 0; bracteoles 0-5, £ in., linear; rays 8-14; pedicels numerous.
Flowers minute, all fertile. Calyx-teeth 0. Petals obovate, slightly emarginate.
Styles somewhat long on conical style-bases. Fruit immature, \ in., nearly terete,
probably resembling that of C. Carui, but may become broad at the commissure
when it may be referable to Fceniculum.

3. C. nothum, C. B. Clarke ; ultimate segments of all the leaves short
linear, bracteoles 4-5 linear-oblong exceeding the pedicels, fruit nearly as in
C. Carui.

Ceyxon ? .

Glabrous. Stem 4-5 in., erect, branched. Leaves 2-3-pinnate, finely dissected ;
ultimate segments ^ in.", somewhat distant and rigid. Bracts 4-5, ^ in., very nar-
rowly oblong, subobtuse; rays 3-7, 1-1 $ in.; pedicels 3-8, rarely attaining \ in.
Calyx-teeth minute. Fruit rather more strongly ribbed than that of C. Carui, less
narrowed upwards ; carpophore 2-partite. — There is little doubt regarding the genus
of this plant, it having been originally referred to Ptychotis by Sir J. D. H. and
. having been again dissected by Bentham and marked Carum. The doubt is as to
its birth-place ; it is marked " Ceylon," but not on an original ticket, and there is no
collector's name. Its aspect is Alpine Himalayan, not at all Cinghalese. There is
another small specimen collected by T. Lobb in Mysore that seems the same thing.

4. C. Bulbocastanum, G. D. J. Koch in Nov. Act. Acad. Cces. Leop.
1825, 121 ; ultimate segments of all the leaves linear, bracteoles 0-8 linear, fruit
oblong not narrowed upwards. DC. Frodr. iv. 115. Bunium Bulbocastanum,
Linn.

Kashmir, alt. 6000-9000 ft. ; Jacquemont, &c. — Distrib. Beloochistan, N. Asia,
Europe, N. Africa.

Glabrous. Boot tuberous. Stem 6-30 in., erect, branched. Leaves 2-3-pinnate,
finely dissected, ultimate segments of the lower often £-1 in., of the upper leaves very
narrow. Bracts 0, or several, linear, sometimes divided; rays 6-16, 1^ in.; pedicels
10-15, J-i in. Fruit |— £ in., yellowish-brown, almost viscid ; carpels exactly oblong,
hardly widened at the middle, semi-terete, dorsally subcompres.sed ; ridges thin,
distinct ; vittse solitary, rather large.

5. C stictocarpum, C. B. Clarke ; ultimate segments of the lower
cauline leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, bracteoles 4-8 linear-lanceolate with
scarious ciliate margins, fruit shining minutely pubero-punctate. — Ptychotis
sp. 3, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. $ T.

Concan ; Stocks, Law.

Glabrous or minutely hairy. Boot fusiform. Stem 1-3 ft., erect, much branched.
Leaves 2-pinnate, ultimate segments often 1 by i in., upper often with linear seg-
ments. Bracts 3-6, 5-3- in., nearly linear: bracteoles \ in.; rays 6-12, |— 2 in.,
equal, slender ; pedicels 8-20, \-\ in. Ovary minutely pubero-pubescent. Fruit

€82 lxx. UMBELLIFER2E. (C. B. Clarke.) [Carum.

~h~Te m-> °voi&, ultimately shining, yellow, the dots microscopical, ridges faint ;
carpels semi-terete ; vittae solitary, small.

Var. hebecarpa ; fruit ^-jg in. hispidulous sometimes densely so and fuscous.
Ptychotis sp. 4. Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. $ T. — Concan ; Stocks, Law.

** Fruit hisjnd or murieate (see also C. stictocarpum No. 4).

6. C. Roxburg'hianuin, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 891 ; ultimate segments
of the lower cauline leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, bracteoles 4-8 linear-lan-
ceolate with scarious ciliate margins, fruit hispid. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
1877, pt. ii. 114. Apium involucratum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 22, Fl. Ind. ii. 97 ;
Fleming Cat. Ind. Med. PI. 6 ; Wight Ic. t. 567. Pimpinella ? involucrata,
W. 8f A. Prodr. 369 ; Wight Ic. t. 335 ; Balz. c/ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 106. Atha-
mantha Roxburghiana, Wall. Cat. 571. Ptychotis Roxburghiana, DC. Prodr.
iv. 109.— PheUandrium sp., Wall. Cat. 7217, Jide W. $ A.

Throughout India extensively cultivated from Hindoostan and Bengal to Sin-
gapore and Ceylon. Not known wild.

Probably a cultivated form of C. stictocarpum which it exactly resembles except
as to the fruit which is j^-^j in., the part used by man and therefore that which has
varied under cultivation. This shows a wide difference in size, colour, and hairiness
in the two forms, but there is a series of connecting links through the var. hebe-
carpa. In C. Roxburghianum, the fruit is more distinctly ridged, subpentagonal ;
the vittae are most minute, W. & A. say several in each furrow, but they ap-
pear generally 1 or 0. The petals are hairy. — "Wight doubts whether his t. 567
(which is copied from Roxburgh) is the Pimpinella ? involucrata of W, & A. Prodr.
369 ; but a reference to his Herbarium shows that it is ; the fruit varying somewhat
in size and a good deal in hairiness. The only scrap Wight got of C. stictocarpum
he arranged (without name) in Ptychotis.

7. C. copticum, Be»i£k,4n Gen. PI. i. 891 ; ultimate segments of all the
leaves linear, bracteoles 3-5 small linear, fruit murieate subhispid. Ammi
copticum, Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 891. Ligusticum Ajawain, Fleming Cat. Ind.
Med. PI. 25. L. Ajouan, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 21, Fl. Ind. ii. 91. Athamantha
Ajowan, Wall. Cat. 572. Ptychotis coptica, DC. Prodr. iv. 108. P. Ajowan,
DC. I. c. 109 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 368 ; Wight. Ic. t. 566. Buniuni aromaticum,
Linn. Mant. 218. Seseli ammoides, Jacq. Hort. Vind. t. 52. Sison Ammi,
Jacq. Hort. Vind. t. 200.

India, extensively cultivated from the Punjab and Bengal to the South Dec-
can. — Distrib. W. Asia, S. Europe, N.-E. Africa.

Minutely pubescent, or the stem and leaves glabrescent. Root fusiform. Stem
1-3 ft., erect, branched, leafy. Leaves 2-3-pinnate ; ultimate segments linear, often
■|— 1 in. Bracts several, linear, rarely 0, sometimes divided ; rays 4-12, £-l£ in. ;
pedicels 6-16, ^-^ in., more or less pubescent. Fruit ~ in., ovoid; carpels sub-
pentagonous, dorsally compressed, nearly plane on the inner face ; ridges usually
distinct; vittae solitary, small. — The bracts are in the Indian Ajowan not rarely
divided, when it is undistinguishable from the West Asian C. copticum. Boissier 1. c.
maintains that the genus should be Ammi because the petals are destitute of a
transverse fold ; but W. & A. are correct in saying {Prodr. 368) that they are just
like those of other Carums.

8. C. khasianum, C. B. Clarke ; lower leaves 3-partite pinnate or sub-
2-pinnate ultimate segments oblong crenate-serrate, fruit very nearly as in C.
copticum, but shorter. — Ptychotis ? sp. Wall. Cat. 7218. Ptychotis sp. 9, Herb.
Ind, Or.H.f.SfT. '

Khasia Mts. ; alt. 3000-5000 ft., common, Wallich, &c. '

Pubescent throughout, or the lower part glabrescent. Root fusiform. Stem 2-4 ft.,

Carum."] lxx. tjmbelliferje. (C. B. Clarke.) 683

erect, corymbose upwards. Ultimate segments of the radical leaves often 2 by £ in.,
narrowed at the base, distinctly reticulate-nerved, of the upper narrower, sometimes
filiform. Bracts 0-5, \ in., linear ; rays 4-8, £-l£ in., hispid; pedicels 8-16, \-\ in.,
bracteoles shorter than the pedicels. Fruit ^ in., ovoid, muricate hispidulous,
ridges prominent ; carpels subpentagonous, dorsally subcompressed ; vittse solitary,
small.

9. C. anethifolium, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 891 ; leaves 2-3-pirmate ulti-
mate segments linear, bracts 4-5 linear, rays 15-40 very pubescent. Athamanta
anethifolia, Wall. Cat. 569. Ptychotis anethifolia, DC. Prodr. iv. 108. Pim-
pinella anethifolia, Don Prodr : 184.

Nipal, Wallich. Kumaon ; Almora alt. 5000 ft., Strachey $ Winterbottom.

Puberulo-pubescent. Boot fusiform. Stem 2-4 ft., erect, leafy, corymbose up-
wards with long peduncles. Leaves 2-3-4-pinnate, ultimate segments £-£ in., some-
times lanceolate-linear; rays ^-1^ in. ; bracteoles 4-8, £-£ in., linear; pedicels 15-30,
£-£ in. — Kipe fruit not seen ; young very pubescent.

10. C. Falconeri, C.B. Clarke; leaves 2-3-pinnate ultimate segments
linear, bracts 4-5 narrowly oblong-linear subobtuse, rays 3-7 glabrous or
nearly so.— Ptychotis sp. 8, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. $ T.

Gtjrwhal; Falconer; alt. 7000-9000 ft., Edgeworth; Chiringa, alt. 7000 ft.,
Strachey § Winterbottom ; Mussooree, Br. Bacon.

Glabrous except the pedicels, flowers, and fruits. Boot fusiform. Stem 2-4 ft.,
erect, corymbose upwards. Upper leaves reduced sometimes to the dilated sheaths;
ultimate segments very long in all the leaves, sometimes 2-3 by jg in. ; rays £-l£ in. ;
bracteoles 4-6, £ in., oblong, subobtuse ; pedicels 8-16, \-\ in., with scattered
hairs. Petals pubescent. Fruit ^ in., ovoid, narrowed upwards, densely hairy. —
Appears closely allied to C. anethifolium ; possibly De Candolle's description of P.
anethifolia {Prodr. iv. 108) was intended to include this.

12. SXU3K, Linn.

Glabrous herbs. Leaves pinnate, pinnae toothed. Umbels compound termi-
nal and lateral ; bracts and bracteoles several. Calyx-teeth acute, or obsolete.
Petals white, emarginate. Fruit ovoid or oblong, laterally compressed, con-
stricted at the commissure (but the constriction masked in the Indian species
by the large corky lateral ridges) ; primary ridges prominent, obtuse, frequently
thickened ; furrows 3-2- (or 1-) vittate ; carpophore (ex DO.) completely bi-
partite, each half adnate to the adjoining mericarp. Seed terete. — Distrib.
Species 4, in the N. Temperate Zone : 1 in South Africa.

The generic character is here somewhat altered from Bentham's (in Gen. Plant.),
in order to retain the Indian species in Sium rather than in Pimpinella. Sium is
here separated by the large simple pinnae of the leaves, and the thickened prominent
ridges of the fruit.

1. S. latijug"um, C. B. Clarke ; pinnae of the lower leaves 1 in. ovate
or ovate-lanceolate, calyx-teeth 0, fruit elliptic, ridges triangular obtuse corky
much wider than the 1-vittate furrows.

Kashmir and Baltisthan, in ditches, alt. -5000-9000 ft. ; very common.

Eoot, stem, leaves, and flowers closely resembling S. latifolium, which differs in
its smaller pinnae, acute calyx-teeth, less thick ridges of the fruit, and many vittae
scattered nearly all round the carpels. S. latijugum is that plant which Bentham
{in Gm. PL ii. 893) refers to as that variety of S. lancifolium in which the ridges are
broader nearly completely covering the furrows : but it can hardly belong to the

684 lxx. UMBELLiFERiE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Sium.

same genus as the true S. lancifolkim in -which the fruits are much smaller the ridges
slender with broad 3-vittate furrows. S. nijpponicum, Maxim, in Bull. Acad. Petersb.
Mel. Biol. ix. 766, is very near S. latijugum, but its calyx-teeth are manifest, and there
are vittse scattered under the ridges besides the subsolitary vittse in the furrows. In
S. multijugum the lateral ridges are rather larger than the others, and form with
the commissure a wide plane face, there are 2 vittse only on the commissure close to
its medial line. The 4 vittse on the outer faces of the carpels are large, exactly
occupying the furrows. The seed is very accurately terete.

13. PIMPINELLA, Linn.

Serbs, biennial or perennial. Leaves 1-2-pinnate or 1-2-ternate or decom-
pound, rarely undivided, toothed. Umbels compound ; bracts few or 0 ;
bracteoles usually linear, sometimes 0. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamo-
moncecious. Calyx-teeth 0 or small, lanceolate. Petals usually emarginate,
ovate acute or lanceolate caudate. Fruit laterally compressed, usually con-
stricted at the commissure, ovate or ovate-oblong or narrow-oblong ; carpels
terete or subpentagonal, often dorsally compressed, plane on the inner face ;
ridges slender, obscure or prominent ; furrows 2-3-vittate (in P. ccespitosa 1-
vittate) ; carpophore entire 2-fid or 2-partite. Seed terete, ^-terete or dorsally
subcompressed, inner face plane or nearly so. — Disteib. Species 70, in the
northern hemisphere, with a few in S. Africa and S. America.

* Fruit glabrous or very nearly so. (See also No. 16, P. diversifolia, var.
alpina).

1. P. achilleifolia, C. B. Clarke ; glabrous, lower cauline leaves 3-4-
pinnate ultimate segments linear-lanceolate, bracts 1-5 J-4 in. linear, rays 6-10.
Athamanta achilleifolia, Wall. Cat. 568. Ptychotis achilleifolia, DC. Prodr.
iv. 109.

Temperate and subalpine Himalaya, Wallich, &c ; from Kumaon ; Naini Tal,
alt. 8500 ft., Sir. and Wint. ; to Sikkim; Jongri, 13,000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

Stem 3-4 ft., erect, corymbose upwards, with long peduncles. Quaternary pinncs
^-| in,, often 3-furcate, somewhat rigid, upper leaves reduced, sometimes almost to
the inflated sheaths. Bracteoles 4-6, <t in., linear; rays ^-2^ in.; pedicels 8-20,
i-5 in. Fruit ^ in,, elliptic, oblong, glabrous, laterally compressed, ridges distinct,
furrows 2-3-vittate ; disc conical, prominent.

2. P. nervosa, C. B. Clarke ; cauline leaves twice 3-partite secondary
pinnae 1-2 in. broadly lanceolate serrate nerves beneath much elevated mi-
nutely scabrid.

Khasia Mts. ; Nonkreem, alt. 5500 ft., H.f. # T.

Nearly glabrous. Stem 2-3 ft., stout. Peduncles 1-6 in. Bracts 0; rays 6-12,
1-2^ in. ; bracteoles 3-8, linear, overtopping the umbellules. Flowers all herma-
phrodite. Calyx-limb 0. Petals emarginate, white or purplish. Styles short. Fruit
£ in., crowned by short conic style-bases, glabrous ; carpels subpentagonal, dorsally
subcompressed; ridges distinct, furrows 2-1-vittate. — This from its coarse habit and
foliage may be an Mgopodium, but there are small vittse in the unripe fruit.

3. P. Keyneana, Wall. Cat. 566 ; lower cauline leaves 3-partite or
twice or thrice 3-partite, ultimate segments ovate or ovate-lanceolate narrowed
at the base, fruit didymous broader than long. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877,
pt. ii. 115. Helosciadium ? Heyneanum, DC. Prodr. iv. 106 ; W. $• A. Prodr.
368 ; Date. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 106. Sium triternatum, Moon Cat. 22. Seseli

Pimpinella.'] lxx. umbellifee^. (C. B. Clarke.) 685

zeylanicum, Herb. Bottler $ Klein. Anethum trifoliatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii.
96?.

Circars, Roxburgh ; Deccan Peninsula and Ceylon, frequent in the hills. Chit-
tagong ; at Burkul, C. B. Clarke. Pegu, Kurz.

Nearly glabrous, or the leaves pilose. Stem 2-4 ft., erect, branched. Ultimate
segments of the lower leaves often 1-2 by \-% in., serrate, of the upper narrower
sometimes linear. Bracts 0; rays 6-12, 1-2 in., glabrous or nearly so; bracteoles
1-2, | in., often 0 ; pedicels 6-10, X-% in. Fruit i-i in. ; carpels ellipsoid, almost
globose, ridges slender, rarely white and conspicuous ; disc obsolete ; carpophore
2-fid, sometimes deeply. Seed nearly terete, not concave on the inner face. — Eoxburgh's
description of Anethum trifoliatum, a native of the Circars, will apply to both P.
Heyneana and diversifolia. Wallich identified it with his trifoliata {diversifolia, DC.)
a Himalayan plant, but W. & A. with more probability refer it to P. Heyneana.

4. P. sikkimensis, C. B. Clarke ; cauline leaves 2- sub-3-pinnate, ulti-
mate segments oblong "bristle-serrate, fruit £ in. elliptic longer than "broad. —
Ptychotis sp., Herb. Ind. Or. H. f.

Sugom ; common in damp forests, alt. 4-7500 ft., J. D. H, C. B. Clarke.

Glabrous or sparsely setulose. Stem 2-4 ft., corymbose. Leaves large, ovate ;
pinnae and pinnules (^ in.) opposite. Bracts 0 or 1-2, scarcely } in., linear ; rays
6-14, 1-3 in., stout, angular, divaricate ; bracteoles few, scarcely £ in,, linear ;
pedicels very many, but only 6-12 fruiting, ^-f in. Calyx-teeth lanceolate. Petals
emarginate, greenish-white ; disc prominent ; styles very short. Fruit slightly nar-
rowed upwards ; ridges not prominent ; carpophore stout, undivided ; carpels much
dorsally compressed, inner face concave ; vittae usually solitary in the two dorsal fur-
rows, and in pairs in the two lateral ones.

5. P. Wallichii, C. B. Clarke-, cauline leaves 2-3-pinnate tertiary
pinnae pinnatifid ultimate segments narrowly lanceolate, fruit ellipsoid "broader
than long.

Nipal ; Wallich in Herb. Hook. Sikkim ; alt. 4000-6000 ft., frequent, C. B. Clarke.

Glabrous. Stem 2-4 ft., erect, branched. Leaves large, ovate, pinnae and pin-
nules opposite, all similarly cut, ultimate segments — -\ in., often 3-fid, not setulose.
Bracts 0; rays 6-12, f in., rigid; bracteoles 1-2, less than \ in., linear, or 0;
pedicels 8-12, hardly £ in. Fruit ^ in., laterally subcompressed ; disc inconspicu-
ous ; ridges prominent ; carpophore slender, 2-partite ; carpels dorsally compressed,
subpentagonal, plane on the inner face ; vittae externally somewhat conspicuous, usu-
ally 3 in each furrow and 4 on the commissure.

6. P. Sasifraga, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iv. 120 ; radical leaves pinnate
pinnae round or elliptic toothed upper sub-2-pinnate, fruit ellipsoid rather longer
than broad. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 873. — Var. dissectifolia ; pinnae (even of the
radical and lower cauline leaves) deeply lobed, lobes lanceolate.

Var. dissectifolia; Kashmir; Tilail, alt., 13,000 ft., and Western Tibet • Kara-
korum, alt 14,000 ft. ; C. B. Clarke.— Distrib. Europe, Northern and Western Asia.
Glabrous or very nearly so, branched from the root. Stem 8-16 in., curved,
striate, little leafy upwards. Leaves oblong, pinnae £-f in. diam. Bracts 0 ; rays
5-10, £-l£ in., unequal, stout, ascending; bracteoles 3-5, £ in., linear ; pedicels 5-10;
■£q-jo m- &tds often piuk or purplish. Fruit \ in. ; carpels ^-terete, subpentagonal,
dorsally subcompressed ; inner face plane ; ridges thin, distinct ; vittae 2-3 in each
furro#; carpophore stout, often 2-partite. Seed concave on the inner face. — This
does not exactly agree in the cutting of the leaf with any described form of P. Saxi-
fraga and the styles are very short ; it may be P. rhodantha, Boiss. in Tchih. As.
Min. i. 414, Fl. Orient, ii. 874.

686 lxx. umbelliferji. (C. B. Clarke.) [Pimpinella.

' 7. P. acuminata, C. B. Clarke ; lower cauline leaves 2-pinnate second-
ary pinnee toothed or incised, pedicels slender, fruit terete. Reutera acuminata,
Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 52

From Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 4-8000 ft., frequent.

Glabrous, or the leaves obscurely pubescent. Stem 3-4 ft., corymbose upwards.
Secondary pinnce 1-2 in. Bracts 1-5, ^-\ in., linear; rays 5-10, 1-3 in. ; bracteoles
3-5, £ in., linear ; pedicels g— ^ in. Petals yellowish-green or nearly white. Fruit
nearly globose, laterally compressed, yellowish-brown, subviscid; carpels terete,
ridges slender, furrows 2-3-vittate ; disc small. — Easily recognised by the long slender
pedicels.

8. P. bella, C B. Clarke ; leaves all similarly cut 2-pinnate secondary
pinnae pinnatind ultimate segments oblong entire mucronate, fruit narrowly
oblong.

Sikkim ; alt. 10,000-12,000 ft., Thomson, C. B. Clarke, K Gamble ; on the water-
shed between Sikkim and Nipal.

Glabrous. Bootstock long, fusiform. Stem 1-3 ft., corymbose upwards. Leaves
large, ovate, pinnae and pinnules opposite, often white beneath. Bracts 0, or 1 linear,
1 in. ; rays 10-15, 1-2 in., angular, stout ; bracteoles 2-5, \ in., linear; pedicels 8-16.
\-\ in. Calyx-margin obsolete. Petals ovate-lanceolate, plane. Disc large, conical.
Carpophore 2-partite. Fruit £ in. ; carpels terete, subpentagonal, inner face hardly
grooved ; ridges slender, furrows 2-3-vittate.

9. P. Kookeri, C. B. Clarke ; leaves pinnate sub-2-pinnate segments
of the lower leaves oblong of the upper linear, fruit ovate as long as broad. —
Acronema sp. 2, Herb. Lnd. Or. H. f. § T.

Sikkim, Northern valleys, Samdong and Lachen, alt. 8-11,000 ft., J. B. H.

Glabrous. Boot tuberous. Stem 1-2 ft., slender, sparingly leafy, remotely
corymbose or subvirgate. Lower leaves cut and whitened beneath as in P. bella, seg-
ments 1-2 in. ; upper much reduced with very narrow segments. Umbels subracemose
upwards, rays few and slender ; bracts and bracteoles 0, or inconspicuous ; pedicels
4-6, f-§ in., slender. Petals very small, often elongate with a whip-like tail much
exceeding their own length (but this does not appear uniformly present, some petals
on the same plants being emarginate with a short infiexed point). Fruit A-jfa in.
globose, narrowed at the apex, laterally subcom pressed, yellow-brown ; ridges obscure ;
furrows 2-3-vittate ; disc evanescent ; carpophore slender, 2-partite.

10. P. tenera, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 894 ; lower cauline leaves pinnate
pinnse ovate ultimate segments of the upper small, fruit ovate-oblong con-
spicuously narrowed upwards. Sison ? tener, Wall. Cat. 593. Helosciadium ?
tenerum, DC. Prodr. iv. 105. Acronema tenerum, Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xx. 51.

Himalaya, alt. 8-15,000 ft.; from Gtjrwhal to Sikkim; Wallich, Falconer,
J. B. H., C. B. Clarke.

Boot tuberous (not annual as Benth. 1. c). Stem 6-8, rarely 12 in. Petals often
excessively elongate as in P. Hookeri. Furrows 2-3-vittate. — Closely resembling P.
Hookeri but smaller, the ultimate segments of the upper leaves not exceeding \ in.,
the carpophore undivided thick ; fruit ~ in., elongated, narrower upwards.

Vae. dissecta ; leaves 2-3-pinnate ultimate segments scarcely -g in. ovate acutely
3-lobed or longer linear subobtuse. — With the type.

11. P. acronemae folia, C. B. Clarke ; leaves 2-3-pinnate ultimate seg-
ments ovate acutely 3-lobed or longer linear subobtuse, peduncles 1-2 on each
stem 2-6 in. stout, bracts 1-5 f in. linear.

Pimpinella.'] lxx. umbelliferj;. (0. B. Clarke.) 687

Sikkim, alt. 11,000 ft., Chola, Lachoong, J, D. H. ; Singaleleh, alt. 10,000 ft,
C. B. Clarice.

Glabrous, 3-8 in. ; root tuberous. Leaves exceedingly like those of P. tenera
var. dissecta; segments £ in. Bays 6-12, 1-1 £ in., stout; bracteoles small; pedicels
10-16, jj— 5 in. Petals elliptic, obtuse, plane, white or pinkish. Fruit nearly as that
of P. tenera. — This closely resembles Vicatia millefolia, but the plane petals exclude
it from that genus.

12. P. hastata, C. B. Clarke ; lower cauline leaves cordate or hastate
triangular-lanceolate crenate serrate villous beneath, fruit ovate as broad as
long.— Pimpinella, sp. 17, Herb. Ind. ()r. H. f. $ T. Umbellifera, No. 875,
Griff. Itin. Notes 56.

Khasia Mts. ; Moflong, alt. 6000 ft., Griffith, H.f. $ T. ; Mairung, alt. 5000 ft.,
C. B. Clarke.

Boot fusiform. Stem 3 ft., erect, obscurely pubescent, sparingly leafy, laxly
corymbose upwards. Leaves 2-4 by 1-1£ in., nearly glabrous above; upper cauline
sometimes 3-partite with cordate ovate leaflets, uppermost sometimes reduced with
narrow segments. Bracts 0 ; rays 5-8, l-l£ in., scabrid, subpubescent ; bracteoles 0,
or 1-2, £ in., linear; pedicels 5-10, ^-i in. Fruit y—To in-> brown, subdidymous,
acute upwards, dorsally subcompressed, inner face slightly concave ; ridges obscure,
furrows 2-vittate ; disc prominent, conical ; carpophore 2-fid or 2-partite. Seed
^-terete, dorsally compressed, inner face slightly concave.

13. P. Leschenaultii, DC. Prodr. iv. 122 ; lower cauline leaves cor-
date orbicular serrate slightly pubescent beneath, fruit ovate-oblong glabrous or
when young with a few scattered hairs. W. 8,- A. Prodr. 369; Wight Ic. t.
1005 ; Thivaites Enum. 131.

Nilghiris, alt. 6-8000 ft. ; Wight, &c. Ceylon, alt. 6000 ft., Thwaites.

Boot fusiform, perennial. Stem 1-2 ft., virgate, obscurely pubescent. Leaves
1-2 in. diam., glabrous above or nearly so; upper reduced to sheaths, or 0. Bracts
0, or 1 small linear; rays 6-16, 1-lf in., scabrid-pubescent ; bracteoles 1-3, £ in.,
linear; pedicels 6-12, ^-\ in. Fruit ~$-fe in., narrowed upwards, strongly com-
pressed, brown, finally glabrous ; carpels ^-terete, not dorsally compressed, inner
faces plane ; ridges not prominent, furrows 3-vittate ; disc prominent, conical. —
Thwaites says his Ceylon examples are intermediate between P. Leschenaultii and
P. Candolleana ; but they are typical P. Leschenaultii with large laterally com-
pressed fruits, &c.

** Fruit papillose-scabrous or pubescent. (See also No. 13, P. Leschenaultii).

14. P. Candolleana, W. § A. Prodr. 369 ; lower cauline leaves ovate-
cordate serrate pubescent beneath, fruit ovate scabrid with clustered hairs when
ripe. Wight Ic. t. 341.

Mts. of the South Deccan, alt. 5-8000 ft, frequent.

Kesembles generally P. Leschenatdtii but is more pubescent. Lower leaves usually
subacute, often pubescent above, sometimes 3-partite with petioluled leaflets ; upper
often 1-2-pinnatifid, ultimate segments oblong acute. Fruit very scabrid, shortly
acute at the apex, very slightly compressed laterally, always much smaller and
shorter than that of P. Leschenatdtii; carpels ^-terete, dorsally subcompressed,
inner face plane ; ridges prominent, furrows 2-3-vittate ; carpophore stout, entire. —
P. javana DC. Prodr. iv. 122 is nearly allied to this but has the upper leaves re-
duced and not pinnatifid, and the fruits less strongly ribbed.

15. P. monoica, Dalz. in Hook, Keio Journ. iii. 212 ; lower cauline leaves
3-partite leaflets long-petioluled cordate-ovate, fruit terete papillose subscabrid.

688 lxx. UMBELLiFERiE. (0. B. Clarke.) [Pimpinella.

Dalz. %■ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 106. Helosciadium Wallichianum, Miq. in PL
Hohenack. No. 633.— Pimpinella sp. 10, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. 8f T.

Mts. of Malabar and the Sottth Deccan ; Wight, &c.

Minutely pubescent or nearly glabrous. Stem 7-8 ft. (Dalzell), much divided
upwards. Leaflets 2-3 by 1-2 in., sharply serrate ; petiolules ^-2 in. ; upper leaves
often much reduced, cut into setaceous linear segments. Bracts 0, rarely 1 linear ;
rays 6-12, £-l£ in.; bracteoles 1-3, £ in., linear, or more often 0; pedicels 8-20,
outer \ in. male, inner \ in. hermaphrodite. Fruit jq in., subdidymous, scarcely
acute; carpels £ terete, inner face plane; ridges obscure, furrows 2-vittate; disc not
prominent ; carpophore entire, or very shortly 2-fid.

16. P. diversifolia, DC. Prodr. iv. 122 ; cauline leaves entire 3-partite
or sub-2-pinnate leaflets ovate or cordate-lanceolate pubescent, fruit ovate nar-
rowed upwards hispidulous papillose-rugose or finally nearly glabrous. P. pu-
bescens, Wall. Cat. 567.. P. trifoliata, Wall. Cat. 565. P. sinica, Hanee in
Seem. Journ. Bot. 1868, 113. Helosciadium ? trifoliatum and pubescens, DC.
Prodr. iv. 106.

Throughout the Himalaya, alt. 4-10,000 ft., very common. Khasia Mts. alt.
3-6000 ft., common. — Distrib. China.

Villous, subtomentose, or scarcely pubescent. Stem 2-5 ft., corymbose upwards.
Radical and lower cauline leaves often round-ovate ; cauline often with 3-5-leaflets,
or twice 3-partite or sub-2-pinnate ; segments of the uppermost narrower, occasion-
ally almost linear ; leaflets usually 1-3 by |— 1 in., serrate, sometimes laciniate or
subpinnatifid. Bracts 0, or 1-2, f-£ in., linear; rays 6-16, ^-1£ in., sometimes
villous, never quite glabrous; bracteoles 8-3, £ in., or 0; pedicels 8-16, ^— §• in.,
all fruiting. Petals emarginate, white greenish or lurid. Fruit ^-^ in., laterally
compressed, ridges never prominent sometimes quite obscure, furrows 2-3-vittate ;
disc not prominent; carpels ^--terete, scarcely subpentagonal, dorsally subcom-
pressed, inner face plane. — A common and variable plant ; the north-west examples
frequently have the peduncles rays and fruits very villous and the leaves glabrous
above. The Khasiari have deeply cordate leaflets and papillose-rugose fruit : from
these P. monoica Dalz. differs only by the minute fruits and the barren outer pedicels.

Vae. 1 . alpina ; petals ovate acute plane, young ovary glabrous, fruit shining yel-
low-brown glabrous much attenuated upwards. P. trifoliata, Wall. Cat. 565 {type
specimen). — Sikkim, alt. 9-10,000 ft. — Rays of the umbel pubescent.

Var. 2. divisa ; lower cauline leaves pinnate and 2-pinnatifid, young fruit terete
clavate upwards, disc yellow-brown. Pimpinella sp. 5 Herb. Ind. Or. H. f Sf T. —
Kashmir and Kistwar, alt. 7000-8000 ft., Thomson. — Probably a new species but
there is no ripe fruit.

17. P. Stracheyi, C. B. Clarke-, leaves simple and 3-partite leaflets
ovate pubescent, fruit oblong narrowed at both ends, style-bases cylindric apex
conical. — Pimpinella sp. 3, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. § T.

Ktjmaon; Dhauli River, Samangentha, alt. 7500 ft., Strachey §• Winterbottom.

Generally resembling P. diversifolia on a small scale ; stems 6-16 in., grey-villous,
as the Kumaon examples of P. diversifolia generally are. Fruit ^in. ; carpels terete,
ridges slender, furrows 2-vittate. Young ovary villous. Fruit ultimately glabres-
cent shining yellow-brown. — Nearly allied to No. 22, P. ccespitosa.

18. Z P. Parishiana, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1872, pt. ii. 309, and
1877, pt. ii. 115 ; leaves pinnate or 2-3-partite leaflets ovate acute serrate or
laciniate, bracts 2-5 almost sheathing the rays, ovary minutely pubescent.

Mottlmein, and Martaban, Kurz ; on the Zwabakin ; Parish.

Habit of P. diversifolia, much divided and very leafy upwards. Leaflets 1-2 by

Pimpinella.'] lxx. umbellifer^:. (C. B. Clarke.)

$-1 in., sparingly pubescent, very irregularly cut, sometimes pinnatifid. Umbels
pubescent, nearly as in P. divers\folia, but with bracts and prominent bracteoles.
Bracts £-% in., pubescent, lanceolate or the bases broad and subconnate ; bracteoles
very similar, exceeding the flowering umbellules. Fruit not seen. — This resembles
P. diversifolia, differing in the more developed involucres : in the absence of ripe
fruit, it may be a Heracleum or some other genus.

19. P. tomentosa, Dalz. ms.\ lower cauliue leaves 2-3-pinnate ulti-
mate leaflets ovate acutely laciniate, fruit narrowly oblong attenuate upwards
scabrid with many ascending ovate small scales. — Pimpinella sp. 8, Herb. Ind.
Or. H. f. 8f T. ? Heracleum tomentosum, Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 108, 313
(not of Smith).

Bombay (probably in the Ghats) Dalzell ; Concan, Stocks.

Pubescent, somewhat villous upwards, hardly tomentose. Stem 2-4 ft., much
branched upwards. Lower leaves large, ovate, ultimate leaflets 1 in., petioluled, ser-
rated with very long teeth ; upper often reduced to sheaths. Bracts 0 ; rays 4-8,
1 in.; bracteoles 0, or 1-2 very small linear; pedicels 3-10, ~~6 m« Fruit | in.,
almost rostrate, laterally compressed, hardly constricted at the commissure ; style-
bases elongate, conical, yellow-brown ; carpels terete, obscurely pentagonal ; ridges
very obscure, furrows 2-3-vittate ; carpophore slender, 2-fid.

20. P. adscendens, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 261 : lower cauline
leaves oblong pinnate pinnae ovate or round rarely 3-partite, fruit ovate
minutely pilose. Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 106.

Bombay, Dalzell \ Nasik, Edgeworth; Belgatjm, Dr. Ritchie; Concan, Stocks.

Minutely pubescent or glabrous. Stems many, 8-24 in. Lower leaves with 4-8
pair of pinnae, terminal leaflet often large, pinnae 5— f in. diam., acutely serrate ;
upper leaves reduced, often more divided. Bracts 4-7, |-^ in., linear ; rays 4-12,
1 in., glabrous; bracteoles 4-7, £ in., linear, minutely ciliate-pubescent ; pedicels
8-16, £-£ in. Fruit ± in#j brown, hardly acute, laterally compressed, disc not pro-
minent ; carpels terete, hardly pentagonal, not dorsally compressed ; ridges obscure ;
furrows 2-3-vittate.

21. P. lateriflora, Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 106; "leaves ternate
leaflets twice ternate lobes of the lower leaves lanceolate of the upper linear
all acute niucronate, fruit densely covered with small granular tubercles."
Dalz. I. c.

Deccan ; in ravines, common ; Dalzell.

Puberulous, 1-1^ ft., erect. Peduncles long, slender, leaf -opposed ; umbels 3-10;
bracts 3-7, subulate; bracteoles 7,. subulate, as long as the pedicels. Flowers
pink. — Not seen ; the above copied from Dalzell.

22. P. caespitosa, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 895 j pubescent, lower leaves
oblong pinnate pinnae ovate, bracts 4-5 linear-lanceolate villous, fruit oblong,
furrows 1-vittate. Petrosciadium caespitosum, Fdgio. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx.
51. P Thaspium foliosum, Royle III. 40.

Gurwhal; Niti, alt. 12,000 ft., Edgeworth, Sirachey $ Winterbottom. Kunawur;
above Eogi, alt. 9-10,000 ft., Thomson.

Rootstock short, woody, branched. Stems many, 4-8 in., sparingly leafy upwards.
Pinna of the lower leaves £-f in. diam., coarsely serrate, hardly mucronate, some-
times lobod or 3-fid. Bracts £-£ in. ; rays 4-6, f in., with much spreading soft
white hair; bracteoles 4-6, £ in., lanceolate; pedicels 6-12, A in. Fruit j*-™ in.,
very villous when young, ultimately glabrescent, laterally compressed ; style-bases

VOL. II. T T

690 lxx. umbelliferj:. (C. B. Clarke.) {Pimjpinella,

large, subglobose on the young fruit ; carpels ^-terete, dorsally compressed ; ridges
obscure ; furrows 1-vittate on the few fruits available. — Strach. & Wint. suggest
that this is the Thaspium foliosum, Koyle.

14. OSKORRHZZA, DC.

Perennial herbs. Leaves twice 3-partite or sub-2-pinnate, ultimate segments
large. Umbels compound, very lax ; oracts few narrow, or 0 ; bracteoles much
shorter than the pedicels. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals emarginate, white.
Fruit linear-oblong, long-attenuate at base; laterally compressed, somewhat
constricted at the commissure ; carpels terete, subpentagonal, grooved on the
inner face ; primary ridges slender, distinct, secondary 0 ; furrows 2-3-vittate ;
carpophore slender, 2-fid. Seed ^-terete, dorsally subcompressed, inner face
grooved. — Distbib. Species 4, North Asia, Japan, North America, Andes.

1. O. Claytoni, C. B. Clarke ; leaves pubescent, bracts 1-5, fruit hispid
below with erect adpressed bristles. 0. brevistylis, DC. Prodr. iv. 232 ; Royle
III. p. 233. O. longistylis, DC. I. c. 232. O. laxa, Royle HI. 233 t. 52.

North- West Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 5000-8000 ft., frequent.
— Distreb. N.E. Asia, Japan, temperate N. America.

Rootstock not tuberous. Stem 2-5 ft. Leaves large, ovate; ultimate segments
1-2 in. coarsely toothed, sometimes larger and pinnatifid. Bracts % in., linear;
rays 3-6, 1-4 in.; bracteoles 4-6, \ in., lanceolate; fruiting pedicels 3-6, \-\h in.;
several other short abortive pedicels indicate male* flowers. Fruit £ by j$-jq in.,
rather suddenly narrowed into conical style-bases ; styles in fruit variable in length.
— The Japanese examples have the pinnae more pinnate, the Himalayan have the
pinnae generally 3-partite: the length of styles cannot be invariably connected with
any other character, geographical or morphological.

15. CHJEROFHYLLUIVI, Linn.

Herbs, glabrous or hairy. Leaves pinnately decompound, or 2-pinnate with
pinnatifid pinnules. Umbels compound ; bracts 1-2, linear, or 0 ; bracteoles
3-6, lanceolate, or linear, or 0. Flowers white, usually polygamous; the
central subsessile fertile, others pedicelled male or hermaphrodite. Calyx-teeth
obsolete (Indian species). Petals emarginate. Fruit oblong, narrowed up-
wards, glabrous (in the Indian species), laterally compressed, narrowed at the
commissure; primary ridges broad, obtuse, prominent (in C. cachemiricum
obscure) ; furrows 1-vittate (or vittae 0 in C. capnoides) ; carpels terete, inner
face with a deep T-shaped groove ; carpophore stout, undivided or shortly 2-fid ;
disc not prominent on the fruit. Seed terete, inner face with a deep narrow
groove, widened into a hollow in the centre of the seed. — Distbib. Species
30 ; in temperate regions.

Technically separated from Anthriscus by the more prominent ridges of the fruit.
As regards the Indian species, the only one referred to Anthriscus is easily dis-
tinguished by the very scabrid fruit.

1. C. villosum, Wall. Cat. 558 chiefly \ stem with many long deflexed
white hairs especially below, upper leaves 2-3-pinnate more finely divided than

Chcerophyllum.~\ lxx. tjmbellifere. (C. B. Clarke.) 691

the lower ultimate segments small, fruit oblong scarcely beaked. DC. Prodr
iv. 225.

Himalaya, from Kashmir to Sikkim ; alt. 5000-12,000 ft., frequent. Khasia
Mts., alt. 4000-6000 ft., frequent.

Boot fusiform. Stem 1-4 feet, erect, branched, always hispid below, often hairy
upward. Leaves large, secondary pinnae of the upper pinnate or pinnatifid, ultimate
segments scarce \ in., with 2-4 lanceolate~teeth, often with scattered hairs ; segments
of the lowest often 1-3 by 1 in. pinnatifid scarcely half-way down; upper sheaths
usually inflated, hairy, with prominent white margins. Bracts 0 ; rays 3-6, 1-3 in.,
stout ; bracteoles 2-5, £-§ in., linear, often white margined, soon reflexed ; pedicels
10-15, often 3-8 fruiting. Fruit £ in., equally broad its whole length, narrowed
somewhat suddenly at .the tip.

2. C. reflexum, Lindl. in Boyle III. 232: glabrous or very sparsely
pilose, upper leaves 2-pinnate more finely divided than the lower ultimate seg-
ments small, fruit oblong narrowed into a thick cylindric beak. C. villosum,
Wall. Cat. 558 in part.

North-west Himalaya ; from Dalhouseb to Kumaon ; alt. 5000-9000 ft., frequent.

Much less hairy than C. villosum, the fruit larger, and usually 1 (sometimes 2-3),
ripen in each umbellule ; pedicels of the other flowers being reflexed, as sometimes
in a much less degree in C. villosum. Fruit ^-\ in., beak | in. ; vittse of the com-
missure 2, in the narrow part of the groove.

3. C. acuminatum, Lindl. in Boyle III. 232; more or less hairy,
upper leaves 1-2-pinnate pinnae large oblong closely regularly falcate-serrate,
fruit oblong narrowed close under the style-bases.

Himalaya from Kashmir to Kumaon ; alt. 5000-9000 ft., frequent.

Stem 2-4 ft., usually with some long white hairs. Lower leaves often with ulti-
mate pinnae 2 by \ in., oblong, acute, upper reduced with narrower segments.
Umbels bracts bracteoles and fruit much resembling those of C. villosum; petals
somewhat larger, often somewhat radiant ; fruits smaller (£ in.) fewer (often 2-3) to
the umbellule. — Closely allied to C. villosum, though very different in the cutting of
the leaves. Lindley puts it next C. aromaticum, Jacq., but it more resembles C.
aureum, Linn.

4. C. capnoides, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 898 ; root tuberous, leaves 1-2-
pinnate ultimate segments oblong entire, fruit oblong-lanceolate vittse 0.
Butinia capnoides, Dene, in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 70, t. 80.

Kashmir; Jacquemont. Kishtwar and Banahal; alt. 6000-8000 ft., Thomson.

Nearly glabrous. Stem 12-24 in. Leaves 4-8 in., lax, ovate ; ultimate segments
4~f by £-i in., undulate, mucronate. Bracts 0; rays 4-8, 1-3^ in., stout; brac-
teoles 4-7, s ifl" lanceolate ; pedicels 6-12, £-1 in., most of them fruiting. Fruit |
in., black, minutely punctate, very much constricted at the commissure, narrowed
upwards, scarcely beaked ; style-bases narrow, conical ; carpels subtrapezoid from the
extreme narrowing of the inner face ; furrows subconcave, epicarp thin, no trace of
vittse. — The Algerian Balanseea Fontanesii, Boiss. & Reut., said hardly to differ from
this by Benth., I. c, apart from the crenate lobed leaflets, the large style-bases, and
other prominent specific marks, has the fruits broadly grooved on the very wide com-
missure, and has large vittae.

5. C. cachemiricum, C.B. Clarke-, upper leaves sub-2-pinnate secondary
pinnae oblong deeply toothed or subpinnatind, fruit oblong-lanceolate, ridges
obscure.

y y2

■

692 lxx. UMBELLiFERiE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Glicerophyllum.

North-west Himalayas ; Dalhousie, alt. 7000 ft. ; C. B. Clarke.

Stem 2-3 ft., hispid with reflexed hairs. Bracts 0; rays 5-8, £-1 in.; brac-
teoles 1-4, £ in., linear, obscure; pedicels 12, the central alone fruiting. Fruit £ in.;
carpels terete ; ridges so obscure that the species should perhaps be referred to
Anthriscus; furrows 1-vittate, no vittse in the groove.

Var. dissecta ; glabrous, leaves 3-pinnate finely cut, fruit nearly \ in. sometimes
2 to the umbellule. — Kashmir, Sind Valley, alt. 12,000 ft., C.B. Clarke. — Rays longer
and stouter than in the type. Perhaps a distinct species, but the fruit closely agrees
with that of C. cachemiricum except that it is a little larger.

16. SCANDIX, Linn,

Annual herbs. Leaves pinnately decompound, ultimate segments small,
narrow. Umbels compound or simple; bracts 1 or 0, bracteoles several.
Flowers white, polygamous, often radiant. Calyx-teeth 0, or minute. Petals
emarginate. Fruit oblong, laterally compressed, beak many times longer than
the seed ; carpels terete or dorsally subcompressed, with a T-shaped groove
on the inner face ; primary ridges distinct, broad or narrow, secondary 0 ;
vittse solitary in each furrow, slender, or 0 ; carpophore undivided or 2-fid.
Seed terete, dorsally subcompressed. — Distrib. Species 10; all northern, mostly
Mediterranean.

1. S. Pecten- veneris, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iv. 221 ; bracteoles lan-
ceolate often incised or lobed at the apex, beak of the fruit dorsally compressed
hispidulous on the margins, fruit 1-2 in. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 914.

Kashmir; alt. 5000-6000 ft., Falconer, Thomson. ' Punjab; Salt Hills, Cleghorn,
Aitchison, Jameson. — Distrib. Cabul to "Western Europe.

Stem 6-12 in., glabrous or pilose as are the leaves. Umbels simple or compound,
short-peduncled ; bracteoles \ in., lanceolate, pubescent or ciliate ; pedicels 3-8,
hardly ^ in. in fruit. Beak of fruit twice as long as the seed ; ridges broad,
obtuse.

17. ANTHRISCUS, Hoffm.

Herbs. Leaves 2-3-pinnate, ultimate segments pinnatifid or toothed, often
broad. Umbels compound ; bracts 1-2 or 0 ; bracteoles several, undivided.
Flowers white, often polygamous. Calyx-teeth 0, or minute. Petals emargi-
nate. Fruit oblong or ovate-oblong, narrowed shortly at the apex, laterally
compressed, constricted at the commissure ; often scabrous ; carpels terete or
dorsally subcompressed, with a T-shaped groove on the inner face ; primary
ridges not prominent, vittse solitary in each furrow, minute, or 0 ; carpophore
undivided or 2-fid. Seed terete, dorsally subcompressed. — Distrib. Species
10, the north temperate regions of the Old World, 1 extending to North-west
America.

1. A. nemorosa, Spreng. PI. Umb. Prodr. 27 ; rays 10-15 stout glabrous,
bracteoles 5-7 lanceolate pubescent, fruit ovate-oblong clothed with ascending
hispid hairs. DC. Prodr. iv. 223 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 911.

Kashmir, alt. 7000-11,000 ft.; plentiful.— Distrib. N. Asia to E.Europe.

Stem 5-8 ft., sparingly hairy. Leaves large with large pinnae and segments,
glabrous, or pubescent beneath. Bracteoles 4- in. Flowers often radiant. Fruits
% in., numerous in each umbellule, black, minutely puncticulate as well as promi-
nently hispid, ridges acute at the apex.

Seseli.] lxx. umbellifer^e., (C. B. Clarke.) 693

18. SESELI, Linn.

Herbs, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 2-3-ninnate or twice 3-partite.
Umbels compound ; bracts 0 few or many, undivided or pinnate ; bracteoles
several or many. Calyx-teeth minute, lanceolate or linear, or 0. Petals
emarginate, white. Fruit oblong ovate or circular, not laterally compressed,
broadest at the commissure ; carpels ^-terete or (in S. trilobum) much dorsally
compressed; inner face plane or (in S. trilobum) concave; ridges strong,
obtuse or subacute, lateral hardly larger than the dorsal ; vittse in each furrow
solitary, usually prominent; carpophore 2-partite, 2-fid or entire; disc not
prominent on the fruit. Seed ^-terete ; in S. trilobum dorsally compressed,
inner face excavated. — Distrib. Species 40 ; in the N. temperate zone of the
Old World ; with 2 doubtful Australian.

1. S. sibiricum, JSenth. in Gen. PI. i. 901; lower leaves 2-pinnate
secondary pinnae large ovate toothed and pinnatifid sessile or decurrent, calyx-
teeth triangular minute deciduous, fruit cylindric villous. Boiss. Fl. Orient.
ii. 967.

West Tibet; Falconer. Kashmir; Jacquemont. Kishtwar, alt. 7000-8000 ft.,
Thomson. — Distrib. Asia, Eussia.

Minutely pubescent or nearly glabrous, 2-4 ft. Lower leaves often 1 ft., upper
often pinnate; pinnae somewhat firm in texture, subspinulose, secondary 1-2 in.
Bracts usually 0 or 1; in the Siberian examples sometimes many; rays 15-40,
l-2£ in., pubescent; bracteoles 5-10, \ in. lanceolate; pedicels 10-25, £-£ in.
Young fruit \ in., densely villous, in age less so ; carpels ^-terete, dorsally com-
pressed, inner face plane ; epicarp somewhat thickened, ridges strong, subequal,
vittse large; carpophore slender, 2-partite. Seed plane on the inner face.

2. S. indicum, W. § A. Prodr. 371 ; lower leaves 2-pinnate secondary
pinnae ovate lobed pubescent, calyx-teeth 0, fruit subglobose ridges thick. Cni-
dium diffusum, DC. Prodr. iv. 153 ; Wight Ic. t. 569. Athamantha diffusa,
Wall. Cat. 570. Ligusticum indicum, Wall. Cat. 7215. L. diffusum, Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 21, Fl. Ind. ii. 92.

Plains of India ; from the foot of the Siwaliks to Assam and Coromandel ; fre-
quent in Central Bengal.

Annual, erect or diffuse, 4-12 in., often much branched. Leaves all similarly cut,
upper without linear segments. Bracts 4-5, § in., narrowly lanceolate, caudate,
pubescent ; rays 8-16, \-l in. ; bracteoles like the bracts but rather smaller; pedicels
8-16, £ in. Flowers white or pinkish. Fruit fo-fo in. (in Koxburgh's drawing
copied in Wight Ic. t. 569) glabrous; in Wall. Cat. 7215, and W. $ A. Prodr. 371,
very hirsute (and hardly half as large) ; hairs often clubbed or substellate at the
apex ; carpels ^-terete ; vittse distinct ; carpophore entire. — There are examples with
fruit intermediate between the two extreme types above described.

3. S. daucifolium, C. B. Clarke; leaves 2-3-pinnate ultimate seg-
ments linear or narrowly lanceolate, bracts many often divided, fruit globose
glabrous. Ammi daucifolium, Wall. Cat. 7209. — Discopleura sp., Benth. in
Gen. PI. i. 907.

East Bengal ; from Bhotan and Assam to Dacca and Chittagong ; Wallich, &c.
— Distrib. China.

Annual, erect, 8-16 in., glabrous or nearly so, very leafy upwards. Margin of the
leaves minutely serrulate. Peduncles often leaf-opposed, short, stout; bracts |-J in.,
sometimes pinnate; rays 8-16, usually shorter than the bracts; bracteoles 6-12,
£ in., linear; pedicels 10-25, £-£ in. Calyx-teeth 0. Petals white or pinkish.

694 lxx. UMBELLiFERas. (C. B. Clarke.) [Seseli.

Fruit much like 8. indicum but smaller and quite glabrous; ridges subequal. —
Mr. Bentham did not possess well-ripened fruit when he referred this species to
Discopleura. Hance referred the Chinese examples doubtfully to Cnidium Monnieri,
Cuss. ; DC. Prodr. iv. 152 ; to which Seseli daucifolium bears a general resemblance ;
but it is more leafy upwards with short peduncles, and the fruit is much smaller
and not dorsally compressed.

4. S. trilobum, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 901 ; lower leaves 2-pinnate or
twice 3-partite, secondary pinnae ovate lobed petioluled villous or tomentose
beneath, calyx-teeth subulate minute deciduous, fruit ovate acute villous. Sca-
phespermum trilobum, Edgw. in Tram. Linn. Soc. xx. 58.

North-West Himalaya; Nrn, alt. 8000-10,000 ft., Edgeworth. Gurwhal, Fal-
coner. Kttmaon; Millem, alt. 11,000 ft., Strachey $ Winterbottom.

Stem 8-24 in., villous and little leafy upwards. Leaves minutely pubescent above ;
secondary pinnae £-f in., crenate-serrate or irregularly lobed. Bracts 3-5, £ in. ;
rays 5-10, 1-2 in.; bracteoles 5-8, £-£ in., linear; pedicels 10-20, %-\ in. Fruit
£-£ in., but little longer than broad; carpels convexo-concave, much dorsally com-
pressed ; ridges strongly marked, subequal, vittae prominent ; carpophore deeply
2-fid. Seed excavated on the inner face, differing thus from all other species of
Seseli. — Perhaps a Pycnocycla.

19. PYCNOCYCLA, Lindl.

Perennial herbs ; branches rush-like, few-leaved. Leaves pinnately dissected,
ultimate segments narrow. Rays of the umbels very short ; bracts and bracteoles
many, small ; umbellules containing one central sessile fertile flower, and
several pedicelled males. Calyx-tube hairy; teeth small, lanceolate, often
unequal. Petals obovate, emarginate, hairy. Frjiit oblong-lanceolate, hairy,
terete (one carpel is frequently aborted), surrounded by the inflated pedicels of
the barren flowers, receptacle not (or very obscurely) enlarged ; carpophore 0 ;
carpels ^-terete, inner face deeply grooved; primary ridges filiform, minute,
lateral at the margin of the broad commissure ; vittse numerous, very slender,
usually 1 under each primary ridge and several still more minute scattered
in the endocarp. Seed lunate or with a T-shaped groove on the inner face. —
Disteib. Species 7, in N.E. Africa and "W. and Central Asia.

Whether one or more flowers in each umbellule perfect seed is hardly a character
of generic importance in this order, as may be seen in Chcerophyllum, wherein C. re-
flexum is hardly separable specifically from C. villosum. If this point be with-
drawn from the generic character of Pycnocycla, it will include Seseli trilobum,
Benth.

1. P. g-lauca, Lindl. in Boyle III. 232, t. 51 ; branches slightly pubes-
cent, ultimate segments of the leaves long-linear subterete, umbels on long pu-
bescent peduncles. Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. 8. P. abyssinica, Hochst. ;
A. Bich. Fl. Abyss, i. 333.

North- West India, Boyle ; Sutledge banks, Falconer. Jubbulpore ; Beddome.
Satpura Hills, G. Thomson. — Distrib. Abyssinia.

Branched from the base, 1-2 ft. ; branches terete, striate, subglaucous. Radical
leaves long-petioled, pinnately dissected ; segments remote, glabrous or nearly so ;
cauline similar, but smaller more shortly petioled. Umbels in flower £ in. diam.,
resembling those of a Scabiosa ; bracts 5-6, §■ in., oblong-linear or linear, hairy ;
bracteoles similar but smaller ; rays ^ in., hairy ; pedicels hairy. Flowers in the
umbellule about 9; petals white, with reddish midrib, hairy. Fruit g- by ^ in. ;
carpel with a X-s^aPed groove on the inner face. — Beddome's examples have the two
carpels producing perfect and similar seeds.

Foeniculum.'] lxx. umbelliferjE. (C. B. Clarke.) 695

20. FCENXCUXiUM, Adam.

Glabrous herbs, biennial or perennial, tall. Leaves 2-3-4-pinnate, ultimate
segments linear. Bracts 0 ; bracteoles 0, or few small linear. Calyx-teeth 0.
Petals yellow, emarginate. Fruit not laterally compressed, oblong or ellipsoid ;
■carpels ^-terete, ridges prominent subequal, furrows 1-vittate ; carpophore 2-
partite. Seed somewhat dorsally compressed, inner face slightly concave. —
Distrib. Species 3-4, from the Canaries to Western Asia, 1 widely cultivated.

1. F. vulgare, Gaertn. Fruct. i. 105, t. 23, fig. 5 ; DC. Pfodr. iv. 142 ; W.
$ A. Prodr. 371 ; Wight Ic. t. 515 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 115.
F. officinale, Allion. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. ii. 975. F. dulce, C. Bauh. ; DC. I.e. -y
F. Panmorium, DC. I. c. ; Wight Ic. t. 570. Anethum Foeniculum, Linn. ;
Roxb. Sort. Beng. 22. A. Panmorium, Roxb. Hart. Beng. 22, Fl. Ind. ii. 94 ;
Fleming Cat. Ind. Med. PI. 6 ; Wall. Cat. 7211. Ozodia fceniculacea, W. $ A.
Prodr. 375.

Commonly cultivated throughout India, alt. 0-6000 ft. ; often appearing wild. —
Distrib. Widely cultivated.

The Indian examples have the ultimate segments of the leaves very long ; the
form F. piperitum DC. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 975 ; Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 1931 (with
short linear ultimate segments) has not been communicated from India.

21. FRANCOS, Lindl.

Tall, perennial herbs. Leaves 3-4-pinnate. Umbels compound ; bracts and
bracteoles many. Calyx-teeth 0. Petals emarginate, yellow. Fruit oblong,
commissure broad ; carpels ^-terete, dorsally compressed, inner face nearly
plane but the epicarp there thin, introflexed in a deep T-shaped groove;
epicarp spongy; primary ridges large, subequal or the lateral larger; vittae
small, numerous ; carpophore 2-partite. Seed dorsally compressed, inner face
slightly concave, with a deep narrow T-shaped groove. — Distrib. Species 25,
in the Mediterranean and West Asian regions.

1. P. pabularia, Lindl. in Quart. Journ. Sc. xix. (1824) 7; glabrous,
ultimate segments of the leaves £-1 in. setaceous, fruit ridges undulate furrows
rough with corrugations. DC. Prodr. iv. 239 ; Wall. PI. As. Bar. ii. 7, t. 212.
Laserpitium sp. Wall, in Trans. Agri. fy Hort. Soc. Ind. i. 74-82.

Kashmih and Baltisthan, alt. 6000-11,000 ft., Falconer, &c. — Distbib. Cabul,
Kashgar.

Stem 4-5 ft. Leaves 12-18 in., very compound. Umbels 6-18 in. diam., some-
times very compound. Bracts 4-8, f in., linear. Pedicels 15-25, £-£in., whereof
4-8 may produce fruit. Fruit \-% in. ; wings ^ in. broad ; style-bases depressed ;
styles short, early reflexed. Seed j^-ib '1Q- diam.

22. (ENANTHE, Linn.

Herbs, growing in wet places ; root fibrous creeping or stoloniferous (in In-
dian species). Leaves 1-3-pinnate, ultimate segments large or linear or minute,
rarely reduced almost to sheaths. Umbels compound ; bracts 0-1 (in Indian
species); bracteoles several linear. Flowers white, often polygamous, males
sometimes radiant. Calyx-teeth small, acute. Petals emarginate. Fruit

696 lxx. umbellifer^. (C. B. Clarke.) [CEnanthe.

glabrous, ellipsoid, longer than broad, or globose, nearly terete, commissure
broad ; carpels ^-terete, dorsally compressed, inner face plane ; lateral primary
ridges large, triangular, corky ; dorsal and intermediate primary ridges much
smaller, sometimes obsolete, or all subequal ; furrows 1-vittate ; carpophore 0 j
disc usually not prominent. Seed terete or dorsally compressed, inner face
plane. — Distrib. Species 25, in the northern hemisphere and S. Africa.

1. <E. stolonifera, Wall. Cat. 585 j stoloniferous, stem long-decumbent
often floating, leaves 1-2-pinnate secondary pinnse lanceolate or rhomboid-lan-
ceolate serrate or lobed scarcely half-way down, peduncles usually elongate.
DC. Prodr. iv. 138 ; Wight Ic. t. 571 ; Kurz in Jou?-n. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii.
Ho. GE. javanica, DC. Prodr. iv. 138. Phellandrium stoloniferum, Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 21, Fl. Ind. ii. 93. Dasyloma latifolium, Lindl. in Royle III.
232. D. javanicum, Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 741. D. sub-bipinnatum, Mia.
in Ann. Mm. Lugd. Bat. iii. 59. Oyssopetalum javanum, Turcz. in Bull. Soc.
Nat. Mosc. 1849, pt. ii. 25.

Northern India from Kashmir and the Punjab to Assam and Pegu ; alt.
0-5000 ft., frequent; common in the plains of Bengal. — Distrib. Java, China,.
Japan.

Glabrous or nearly so, 2-4 ft., rooting freely from many of the lower nodes.
Leaves from 3-partite to 2-pinnate; ultimate segments 1-2 by |-1 in., those of the
upper leaves never linear. Bays 6-30, |— 2 in., stout. Carpels £ by ^ in., subqua-
drate-ellipsoid, sometimes shorter scarcely longer than broad ; dorsal and interme-
diate ridges usually distinct, scarcely prominent. Seed, in horizontal section, nearly
circular. — Dasyloma japonica, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 59, has the leaflets
rather more lobed than any Indian examples, but is (ex Maximowicz. ms.) only a
variety of <E. stolonifera. From this (E. laciniatum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 741,
does not appear to differ.

Var. 1 . khasiana ; very large, secondary pinnae large, nerves beneath reticulated
elevated scabrid subpubescent, rays 3 in. — Khasia Mts., near Moflong, alt. 6000 ft.,
H. f. § T. — Calyx-teeth less prominent than in the type ; bracteoles much exceed-
ing the flowering umbellules. — This may be a distinct species ; but the examples do
not. exhibit fruit.

Var. 2. corticata, Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 53 (sp.) ; leaves often simply
3-partite, fruit scarcely — in. subglobose.— Banks of the Delhi Canal, Edgeworth.

2. <E. benghalensis, Benih. in Gen. PL i. 906 ; roots fibrous, stem
erect divided often from the base, leaves 2-pinnate secondary pinnae lanceolate
or ovate often deeply pinnatifid ultimate segments never linear, peduncles usually
short often 0. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 115. Seseli benghalensis,
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 22, Fl. Ind. ii. 94. Dasyloma benghalense, DC. Prodr. iv.
140 ; Wight Ic. t. 568. D. glaucum, DC. Prodr. iv. 140. Biforis benghalensis,.
Wall. Cat. 588. B. glauca, Wall. Cat. 587.

Bengal Plain and Assam, common. — Distrib. Formosa, Bonin, Loo-choo.

Glabrous or nearly so; 8-16 in.; usually erect on muddy banks. Secondary
pinnae £-1 in,, of the lower leaves often ovate, of the upper lanceolate. Umbel often
sessile. Bracts 0; rays 4-6, rarely f in., stout. Calyx-teeth small. Carpels
T5-T5 by ^ in., subquadrate ellipsoid ; dorsal and intermediate ridges usually distinct
scarcely prominent. Seed nearly terete. — The Indian specimens of (E. stolonifera
are readily separated from (E. benghalensis. (E. stolonifera is usually much larger
with thickened hollow stems ; the leaves are less compound, the rays more numerous
and longer, the fruits longer. It is more difficult to separate the Chinese and
Japanese specimens.

3. OB. linearis, Wall. Cat. 586 ; stem decumbent, nodes rooting freely,
leaves 2-pinnate ultimate segments of the upper £-1 in. linear, peduncles and
umbels nearly as in (E. stolonifera. DC. Prodr. iv. 138.

(Enanthe.] lxx. tjmbelliferj:. (C. B. Clarke.) 697"

Nipal; Wallich.

Closely allied to (E. stolonifera, and only differing in 'the more narrowly cut
leaves, ultimate segments of the uppermost often £ by X-A in. "Wallich's specimens
have no fruit. Mr. Bentham (in Gen. PI. i. 906) has admitted this plant to specific
rank.

4. <E. Kookeri, C. B. Clarke ; stem decumbent, nodes rooting, leaves
mostly reduced to a fistular rachis with a very few remote pinnae, pinnae \ in.
lineal- often 0.— Dasyloma sp. 1, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. 8? T. Umbellifera, No.
985, Griff. Itin. Notes 57.

Khasia Mts., alt. 5000-6000 ft.; Griffith, H.f. <f T., C. B. Clarke.

Glabrous, or the rays sometimes pubescent. Stem 2 ft., erect, fistulous, scarcely
divided. Peduncles elongate. Bract 1, \ in., linear, or 0; rays 4-8, \-2% in.;
bracteoles often longer than the flowering umbellule. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Carpels
TS-J5 Dy is *n>' a^most exactly as in (E. benghalensis, much smaller than in Q£. fistu--
losa, which this plant resembles in habit.

5. OS. Thomson!, C. B. Clarke-, leaves finely 3-4-pinnate ultimate
segments scarcely £ in. linear, peduncle elongate, carpels dorsally compressed.
—Dasyloma sp. 2, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. $ T. Umbellifera, No. 1001, Grif.
Itin. Notes 65.

Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 5000-8000 ft., frequent. Khasia Mts., alt. 4500-
6000 ft., frequent.

Glabrous, 2-3 ft., weak, diffuse, branched. Leaves 6 in., ovate, sometimes 5-
pinnate. Rays 4-8, £-l| in. ; bracteoles not prominent. Carpels ^ by ^ in. dor-
sally compressed, otherwise much resembling (E. benghalensis and (E. Kookeri. Seed
dorsally compressed.

23. SCKULTZIA, Spreng.

Glabrous perennial herbs. Leaves 1-2-pinnate, ultimate pinnae toothed pin-
natifid or multifid. Bracts several, entire or divided ; bracteoles numerous.
Calyx-teeth prominent (in Indian species). Petals obovate, emarginate, white.
Fruit ovate-oblong, commissure broad ; caYpels dorsally compressed ; primary
ridges slender ; furrows 2-4-vittate ; carpophore 2-partite. — Distkib. Species 5
in Central Asia, 1 in India.

1. S-? Benthami, C. B. Clarke. Pimpinella involucrata, Miq. in PL
Hohenack. No. 657 not of W. $ A.

Canaea; Hohenacker.

Calyx-teeth narrow-lanceolate, small. Fruit £-£ in. subquadrate, ellipsoid ; ridges
distinct, very slightly elevated, the two intermediate approximated to the dorsal.
Carpels lunate, compressed, face somewhat excavate. Seed compressed, lunate, inner
face concave. — The examples in ripe fruit have the aspect leaves and umbels of P.
involucrata, W. & A., but the fruit (several still attached) is altogether different, and
the plant is referred by Benth. (in Gen. PI. i. 909) to Schultzia though the fruit does-
not quite fit that. — If not a Schultzia, the three approximate ridges on the back of
the carpels must still bring the plant to this position in the Umbelliferous series.

24. POLYZYGUS, Dalz.

A glabrous herb ; root tuberous. Leaves 2-pinnate or twice 3-partite, secon-
dary pinnae ovate lobed or deeply pinnatifid. Umbels compound ; bracts 0, or
few small; bracteoles few, small, linear. Calyx-teeth small, or the outer

698 lxx. umbellifeRjE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Polyzygus.

slightly larger. Petals oblong, emarginate, white. Fruit ovoid, terete ; com-
missure broad ; primary ridges slender ; furrows wide, 1-3-vittate ; carpophore
2-partite. Seed ^-terete, dorsally compressed, inner face plane.

1. P. tuberosus, Dalz. in Hook. Reio Journ. ii. 260 ; Dalz. fy Cribs.
Bomb. Fl. 107.

Bombay and Malwa, Balzell ; Concan, Stocks ; Canara and Mvsore ; Law.

Stems 8-18 in., several, weak. Secondary pinnae of the leaves £-li in., ultimate
segments lanceolate or ovate. Bays 3-8, £-l£ in. ; pedicels 6-12, |-£ in. Fruit
■^ in. ; style-bases depressed, inconspicuous. — This resembles a Pimpinella, but the
habit is weak, straggling.

25. X.XGUSTXCUM, Linn.

Perennial herbs. Leaves 1-2-3-pinnate or twice 3-partite, ultimate pinnae
large minutely pubescent in the Indian species. Umbels compound, usually of
many rays ; bracts many, few, or 0 ; bracteoles many, rarely divided. Calyx-
teeth obsolete. Petals obovate, emarginate, white. Fruit ovoid or ellipsoid,
terete or dorsally subcompressed, commissure broad ; carpels dorsally com-
pressed, inner face plane ; primary ridges very conspicuous, often subalate, sub-
equal or the lateral wider ; dorsal furrows at least 2-vittate, lateral at least
3-vittate ; carpophore 2-partite. Seed dorsally compressed, about twice as broad
as thick, inner face plane or slightly concave. — Distrib. Species 20, in the
northern hemispheres.

1. Zi. Thomson!, C. B. Clarke ; leaves 1-pinnate pinnae oblong lobed or
pinnatifid, fruit ellipsoid terete, lateral ridges scarcely wider than the dorsal. —
Oreocome sp. 2, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. 8f T.

West Tibet, alt. Il,000-i3,000 ft., Thomson.— Distrib. Afghanistan.

Nearly glabrous ; top of the peduncle pubescent. Stem 2 ft. Lower leaves 6 by
2 in., oblong, primary pinnae 1 by f in., lobed, or sometimes deeply pinnatifid ; upper
leaves reduced nearly to sheaths, or small more finely cut. Bracts 5-8, g-§ in.,
white-margined, deciduous ; rays 10-20 ; bracteoles like the bracts but smaller.
Fruit £ by \0—^ in. ; ridges subalate ; dorsal furrows 3-2-vittate, lateral 3-vittate,
commissure 6-10-vittate.

Var. evolutior ; larger, leaves larger 2-pinnate nerves pubescent. — North Kash-
mir, alt. 6000-9000 ft., frequent. Stem usually 3-5 ft., often leafy upwards.
Umbel very many-rayed, dense. Fruit exactly as in the type.

2. Zj. marginatum, C. B. Clarke; lower leaves pinnate pinnae large
deeply pinnatifid, carpels orbicular with prominent lateral ridges much dorsally
compressed.

North-west Himalaya; alt. 7000-10,000 ft. ; Simla and Naini Tal; Thomson.

Glabrous or nearly so, 2-4 ft., corymbose, nearly naked upwards. Lower cauline
leaves 8-10 by 3 in., pinnae 1-1 £ in. deeply pinnatifid, lower sometimes subpinnate;
segments oblong, serrate or lobed, often minutely pubescent. Peduncles long, pubes-
cent upwards. Bracts 1-5, \ in., linear; rays 12-20, £- 1\ in.; bracteoles 4-8,
^-\ in., linear. Fruit larger than in L. Thomsoni, the lateral ridges much wider
than the dorsal ; vittae 3 in each furrow, 8 on the commissure. Seed 4-6 times as
broad as thick, inner face slightly convex. — Undistinguishable from L. Thomsoni in
the absence of fruit.

3. Xi. elatum, C. B. Clarke; lower cauline leaves 2-pinnate secondary
pinnae 1-3 in. ovate pinnatifid, fruit elliptic much dorsally compressed. Oortia

Ligusticum.] lxx. umbelliferje. (C. B. Clarke.) 699

elata, Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 55. ? Levisticum argutum, Lindl. in
Jtoyh IU. 232.

North-west Himalaya ; Simla, alt. 7000-8000 ft., Edgeworth. Lahui, ; Jaeschke.

Stem 2-3 ft. Lower leaves 12 by 8 in., secondary pinnae distant; upper pinnate
or reduced to sheaths. Bracts 1-4, \ in., linear, or 0; rays 12-40, 1-1 £ in.;
bracteoles 6-12, \ in., linear; pedicels very many. Fruit £-£ in., nearly as in
L. marginatum, but the carpels are longer than broad ; dorsal furrows 2-3-vittate,
lateral 3-vittate, commissure 6-8-vittate. Seed 4-6 times as broad as thick, inner
face plane. — Edgeworth's description is most accurate; the word bivittatis in the
specific character being a misprint for trivittatis. He suggests that it may be the
imperfectly described Levisticum argutum, Lindl.

26. SEXiXNUItt, Linn.

Perennial, branched herbs. Leaves pinnately compound. Umbels com-
pound ; rays numerous ; bracts many, linear or pinnatifid, or few, small, or 0 ;
bracteoles numerous, linear, serrate or pinnatifid, sometimes few small.
Calyx-teeth obsolete, or lanceolate or linear. Petals obovate, emarginate,
white or yellowish-green. Fruit ovoid or subquadrate, commissure broad,
more or less dorsally compressed or complanate ; lateral primary ridges
winged, corky or papery, dorsal and intermediate ridges approximate, equal or
unequal, as wide as the lateral or not, sometimes excurrent, not winged ; dorsal
furrows 1-vittate (or rarely 1 large deep-seated 2 small lateral superficial) or 0,
lateral furrows 1-4 vittate ; carpophore slender, 2-partite ; style-bases not pro-
minent in fruit. Seed subterete, or more or less dorsally compressed, inner
face plane or slightly concave, not grooved. — Distkib. Species 35, chiefly north
temperate, with a South African and Andean.

The Indian species are uniform in habit, having very compound leaves, large
umbels with prominent involucres, three approximated ridges excurrent on the back
of each carpel, and the seed not grooved on the inner face. Ligusticum differs by
having the dorsal furrows 3-vittate. S. tenuifolium has the three dorsal ridges not
excurrent, often subobsolete, and is therefore hardly different from Angelica. Pim-
jpinella sikkimensis (p. 685) was referred to Selinum by Bentham.

1. S. striatum, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 914 ; ultimate segments of the
leaves | in. narrowly oblong-lanceolate, fruit little dorsally compressed, ridges
subequally winged, vittse all solitary, seed about twice as broad as thick.
Laserpitium striatum, Wall. Cat. 583 (not Ligusticum striatum, DC. Prodr.
iv. 158).

Nipax ; Wallich. Khasia Mts. ; alt. 3500-6000 ft., abundant.

Glabrous or nearly so ; 1-4 ft., frequently with many withered fibres at the base.
Leaves 4-8 in., ovate, 3-4-pinnate, uppermost sheath often extending the whole length
of the petiole. Bracts 4-6, J-f in., linear: ray^ glabrous or obscurely pubes-
cent ; bracteoles 4-8, \ in., linear, minutely white on the margin, hardly serrate,
not divided. Calyx-teeth linear, oblong, twice as long as broad. Fruit £- £ in.,
lateral furrows 1-vittate, vittae twice as wide as those in the dorsal; commis-
sural vittse 2, wide apart. Seed obscurely 2-grobved on the inner face. — Easily
recognised by the little-compressed fruits and seeds. All the specimens are Khasian,
except Wallich's, which have the ultimate segments of the leaves less narrowly cut,
showing the secondary nerves impressed : the fruit is exactly as in the Khasian
examples. In Ligusticum striatum, DC. Prodr. iv. 158, the furrows are multi -vittate.
Bentham, I.e., assuming that DC. possessed the true S. striatum, points out that he
was mistaken on this point. But DC. also says that his Ligusticum striatum had
** leaves 2-pinnate the lobes acute entire seldom incised," so that his plant cannot be

700 lxx. umbelltfer^:. (C. B. Clarke.) [Selinum.

referred to any Indian Selinum. . "Wallich must have distributed two plants mixed
tinder one name in this as in so many other cases.

2. S. tenuifolium, Wall. Cat. 579, chiefly, ultimate pinnae £ in. broad-
elliptic pinnatifid deeply into narrow lanceolate acute segments, fruit | in. much
dorsally compressed, lateral ridges much the broadest, dorsal furrows 1-vittate
lateral 2-3-vittate, seed 4-6 times as broad as thick. S. Candollii, Edgw. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 55, not of DC. Peucedanum Wallichianum, DC. Prodr.
iv. 181. Pleurospermum cicutarium, Lindl. in Bogle III. 233. Oreocome
Candolliana, Edgiv. I. c.

Himalaya; alt. 6000-13,000 ft., from Kashmir to Bhotan, very common.

Stem 2-6 ft. Lower leaves often 1 ft., in outline ovate, usually 3-pinnate, ter-
tiary pinnae 1-2-pinnatifid, glabrous or pubescent; upper leaves reduced, sheath
often as long as the petiole. Bracts 4-8, f-l£ in., linear, often toothed or slightly
lobed, rarely pinnate ; rays generally villous ; bracteoles 5-12, often longer than the
umbellule, white-margined, often lobed rarely pinnate or 2-pinnatifid. Calyx-teeth
linear; carpels slightly elliptic, longer than broad; dorsally compressed, subcom-
planate, 3 dorsal ridges approximate, often hardly elevated (whence DC. considered
the plant a Peucedanum) ; commissural vittae 4-6, distant from the medial line. Seed
complanate, inner face plane or subconvex.

Var. 1. filicifolia ; quaternary pinnae pinnatifid into more remote lobes. Oreocome
filicifolia, Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 55. ?Laserpitium coniifolium, Wall.
Cat. 584.— Kashmir and N.W. Himalaya, alt. 6000-10,000 ft., frequent.— Wallich's
ti. coniifolium is without fruit and the leaves appear to belong to two species.
Ligusticum coniifolium, DC. Prodr. iv. 158, from -the description appears the same
plant; DC. says that the furrows are multi-vittate ; referring probably to the lateral
ones, which have 2-4 vittae.

Vab. 2. elata ; quaternary pinnae ^-1 in. broad- elliptic, fruit \ in. much dorsally
compressed, dorsal and intermediate ridges distinctly winged, but less so than the
lateral, dorsal furrows 1-vittate, lateral 2-3-vittate, seed 4 times as broad as thick.
Oreocome elata, Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 54. — North-west Himalaya, alt. 6000-
10,000 ft.; from Kashmir to Kumaon; frequent. — This seems to differ from S. tenui-
folium in the winged 3 dorsal ridges : the fruit also is somewhat larger. As regards
Edgeworth's main character of '• primary pinnae of the upper leaves sessile at the
apex of the sheath," it is common to S. tenuifolium and most other Indian species.

3. S. Candollii, DC. Prodr. iv. 165; quaternary pinnae £-f in. broad-
elliptic pinnatifid deeply into narrow-lanceolate acute segments, fruit £ in.
somewhat dorsally compressed, ridges all distinctly subequally winged, furrows
all 1-vittate, seed 2£ times as broad as thick. Angelica ? Candollii, Wall. Cat.
582.

Kashmir; alt. 7000-8000 ft., Thomson. Nepal and Kumaon ; Wallich. Sikkim ;
alt. 12,000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

Stem, leaves, bracts and umbels generally like S. tenuifolium, but the fruit very
distinct. Fruit subquadrate, longer than broad ; 3 dorsal ridges approximate ; vittce
in the lateral furrows solitary, but twice as broad as the dorsal, commissural 2, thick,
somewhat widely separated. Seed convexo-concave, margins obtuse.

4. S. vag-inatum, C. B. Clarke ; secondary pinnae mostly 1 in. lanceo-
late serrate scarcely lobed or pinnatifid, bracteoles 1-2-pinnate, fruit § in. dor-
sally compressed, ridges all winged the lateral more broadly, vittae obsolete,
seed 3 times as broad as thick. Cortia vaginata, Edgiv. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xx. 55.

From Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 6000-12,000 ft., frequent.

Glabrous, or nearly so, 2-4 ft. Leaves 4-10 in., elliptic; lower like Sium lati-

Selinum.'] lxx. umbellifer^:. (C. B. Clarke.) 701

folium ; tipper reduced ; primary pinnae sometimes sessile on the sheath. Bracts few,
usually inconspicuous; bracteoles 8-12, £-l| in., usually exceeding the umbellule.
Calyx-teeth long linear lanceolate. Fruit subquadrate, longer than broad, 3 dor-
sal ridges approximate. Seed plane on the inner face, or slightly concave. — The
Herbarium specimens are largely mixed with fruits of S. elatum : and Edgeworth's
descriptions of the fruit and bracteoles seem taken from these : the true plant has
very large compound bracteoles, and the above description of the fruit is of ripe ones
attached to unmistakable leaves. Mr. Bentham has referred it to Ligusticum, from
the leaves approaching the Indian Ligusticums and the obsolete vittoe ; but the com-
pound bracteoles and long calyx-teeth refer it to Selinum.

5. S. papyraceum, C. B. Clarke; tertiary pinnae £ in. ovate serrate or
half-pinnatifid into lanceolate segments, fruit £ in. much dorsally compressed,
lateral wings papery wider than the 3 dorsal, dorsal furrows 1-vittate lateral
usually 2-vittate, seed in horizontal section elliptic twice as broad as thick.

From Baltisthan and Kashmir to Sixkim, alt. 8000-12,000 ft. ; frequent.

Eesembling S. tenuifolium so closely that it is difficult to separate until
the fruit is nearly ripe : the leaves are usually less compound, the rays less
villous, the bracteoles not white-margined. Fruit often longer than the umbellule,
subquadrate, rather longer than broad, very strongly compressed; lateral ridges,
quite unlike the white corky wings of the other Indian Selinums : 3 dorsal ridges
very close together, usually very small, but in some examples the intermediate ridges
are developed, nearly as wide as the lateral, the dorsal remaining minute. Seed very
narrow compared with the breadth of the carpel, commissural vittae close to the
carpophore.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

?S. dissectum, Wall. Cat. 581; leaves pinnate segments twice pinnatipartite,
lobes linear-oblong acute, bracts 0, bracteoles few, flowers yellowish, fruit nearly
orbicular narrowly margined, furrows 1-vittate, vittae very distinct, commissural pair
close to the carpophore. Peucedanum dissectum, DC. Prodr. iv. 178. — Nipal;
Gossain Than, Wallich. Habit of Mthusa. — The sheet in the Wallichian Herbarium
contains — 1, a good specimen in flower having 4-8 bracts and prominent bracteoles ;
2, a young flowering specimen, exinvolucrate ; 3, a detached umbel in fruit. DCs
description, copied above, appears made up from 2 and 3, excluding 1 ; 1 certainly
does not belong to 2, and it is possible that the fruit 3 belongs to neither.

27. CORTIA, DC.

Perennial herbs, often nearly stem-less. Leaves 3-4-pinnate, mostly radical,
idtimate segments linear. Umbels compound, central one often sessile on the
rootstock with numerous unequal rays; bracts rays and bracteoles many,
often pinnate or 2-pinnate. Calyx-teeth prominent, sub-linear. Petals obovate,
emargmate, white or purplish. Fruit orbicular or elliptic, much dorsally com-
pressed; lateral ridges winged, dorsal and intermediate approximated much
narrower sometimes hardly winged ; dorsal vittse solitary, lateral solitary or
in pairs; carpophore 2-partite. Seed much dorsally compressed, inner face
plane.— Disteib. Species 2 ; Himalayan. •

This genus only differs from the Indian species of Selinum in the elongate
unequal rays of the umbel ; C Lindleyi differs from all the Selinums by its compound
pinnate bracteoles, C. Hookeri, by being stemless.

1. C. Lindleii, DC. Prodr. iv. 187; bracteoles 2-pinnate, styles of the
fertile flowers short ; fruit commissure 4-vittate. Schultzia ? Lindlei, Wall. Cat.
589. Athamantha depressa, Don Prodr. 184 (ex Wall. Herb.).

702 lxx. UMBELLiFERiE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Cortia.

From Kumaon to Bhotan, alt. 12,000-16,000 ft; Wallich, &c.

Stem 0-8 in. Leaves glabrous or nearly so, ultimate segments rarely ~ in.,
setaceous. Umbel often sessile ; bracts (in the peduncled umbels) many large 2-
pinnate; rays often pubescent, very unequal, sometimes 8-12 in. Fruit £-£ in.;
carpels elliptic, slightly cordate at base; 3-dorsal ridges slightly equally winged,
much narrower than the lateral : dorsal furrows 1 -vittate, lateral usually 2-vittate.
Seed 4-5 times as broad as thick.

2. C. Kookeri, C. B. Clarke; bracteoles long simple or slightly lobed,
styles of the fertile flowers very long, fruit commissure 2-vittate. — Cortia sp. 1,
Herb.lnd. Or.H.f.8rT.

Sikkim ; alt. 13,000-18,000 ft., Donkiah, Jongri, &c, J. D. H. ; Yakla, alt. 16,000
ft., C. B. Clarke ; Phalloot, S. Kurz.

Stemless, with the fruit packed in dense masses over the crown, and a few long
umbel-rays often added. Leaves glabrous or minutely pubescent, ultimate segments
±-\ in., linear. Rays usually pubescent ; bracteoles £-f in.; pedicels of the fruit
j%-\ in., often ultimately thickened ; umbellules generally unisexual, males with long
stamens and obsolete styles. Fruit £ by | in., depressed-circular, base cordate ; 3 dorsal
ridges slightly equally elevated, or the dorsal slightly winged, the intermediate nearly
as broad as the lateral : furrows all 1 -vittate, vittse rather large. Seed 4-5 times as
broad as thick. — The variation in the wings of the fruit of this species may be seen
in one umbellule. But the great difference in the ultimate segments of the leaves is
only seen in different plants, and may indicate two species : in one they are about ^
in , in the other about \ in., and much more remote.

28. PXiEUXlOSFERiaUXMC, Hoffm.

Perennial or biennial herbs, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves 1-4-pinnate,
ultimate pinnae ovate, pinnatifid or multifid, setaceous. Umbels compound,
rays many; bracts many, or few, often pinnatifid or compound, frequently
white-margined ; bracteoles many, broad, more or less white-margined, entire
toothed or pinnatifid. Calyx-teeth small, or 0. Petals obovate, emarginate,
white or dark purple. Fruit elliptic or oblong, terete or dorsally subcom-
pressed ; epicarp often lax ; commissure broad ; primary ridges winged, lateral
narrower broader than the others ; furrows 1-vittate, or the lateral 2-vittate, or
vittae many; carpophore 2-partite. Seed dorsally compressed, 2-3 times as
broad as thick, inner face grooved concave or nearly plane. — Distrib. Species
16 ; Asiatic and Russian.

1. P. Crovanianum, JBenth. in Gen. PL i. 915 ; leaves pinnate pinnae
£-l£ in. toothed or pinnatifid, bracteoles obovate toothed or subpinnatifid at
the apex, fruit £ in. lateral ridges narrowest. Ligusticum Govanianum, Wall.
Cat. 546. Hymenolaena Govaniana, DC. Prodr. iv. 246 ; Boyle III. 233, t. 52.

From Kashmir to Gurwhal, alt. 10,000-15,000 ft., Jacquemont, &c,
Stem 1 foot or less, thick, hollow. Leaves 4-8 in., oblong, pinnae often distant
never finely cut, rarely •deeply pinnatifid. Bracts 1-3 in., of* an oblong entire
white-margined sheath and divided often 2-pinnatifid limb ; rays 1-5 in. ; pedicels
very many, short ; umbellule capitate embraced by the bracteoles. Fruit ellipsoid or
subquadrate ; epicarp very lax, glistening, reticulate, ridges hollow, furrows 1-vittate.
Seed distinctly grooved on the inner face.

2. P. sikkimense, C.B. Clarke-, leaves pinnate rarely 2-pinnate pinnae
£-2 in. toothed or pinnatifid, bracteoles obovate toothed or subpinnatifid at the
apex, fruit \ in. equally 5-ridged hardly winged, epicarp not loose.

Pleurospermum,'] lxx. umbelliferjE. (C. B. Clarke.) 703

Sikkim, alt. 13,000-16,000 ft. ; J. D. H., C. B. Clarke.

Stem 2-24 in., thick, hollow. Leaves 4-8 in., oblong ; pinnae often distant, never
finely cut. Bracts 1-1^ in., usually pinnatifid at the apex ; rays 1-5 in. ; pedicels-
very many, short; umbellules capitate and embraced by the bracteoles. Fruit
narrow-oblong, rather broader upwards ; calyx-teeth small ; disc depressed ; epicarp
dull brown, somewhat corky ; furrows 1-vittate. Seed concave or slightly grooved
on the inner face.

3. P. Candollii, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 884, 916 ; leaves pinnate pinnae
£-l| in. toothed or pinnatifid, bracteoles elliptic or oblong entire, fruit £ in.
lateral ridges broadest, furrows 3-2-vittate. Ligusticnm Candollii, Wall. Cat,
544. Hymenoleena Candollii, DC. Prodr. iv. 245. H. latifolia, Lindl. in
Boyle III. 233. H. pimpinellifolia, Osten-Sacken & Buprecht Sert. Tiamchan,
50.

From Kashmir toKuMAON, alt. 10,000-15,000 ft. ; frequent. — Distrib. Tianschan
Mts.

Stem 6-18 in., usually very thick. Leaves 4-8 in., oblong ; pinnae often distant,
never finely cut. Bracts 0-3 in., often like reduced upper leaves, sometimes a
mere sheath ; rays many, 2-8 in., sometimes carrying scattered white elliptic veined
bracts ; bracteoles obtuse, sometimes mucronate, embracing and usually ov§rtopping
the umbel. Fruit ellipsoid ; ridges narrowly winged. Seed grooved on the inner
face. — This has numerous vittae, but the bracteoles and broad commissure are of

4. P.? rotundatum, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 915; leaves pinnate or 3-par-
tite, leaflets of the lower 1-3 in. diam. with 3 rounded lobes, bracts 0 or 1
small, bracteoles 5-8 \ in. narrow-lanceolate caudate entire white-margined.
Ligusticum rotundatum, Wall. Cat. 549. Hymenolsena rotundata, DC. Prodr.
iv. 245.

Nipax; GossainThan, Wallich.

Stem 2 ft., not very thick. Leaflets 3-5, petioluled, distant, entire or crenate,
scarcely serrate, more often with 3 rounded lobes. Bays 8-12, 1-1£ in,; pedicels
8-16, some as long as the bracteoles. Calyx-teeth 0. Disc and styles small. Young/ ruit
subcylindric with incipient ridges. — "Wallich's examples show no ripe fruit, so that
the genus is doubtful. The elongate not thick stem, the subobsolete bracts, and
the little-prominent bracteoles do not look like Pleurospermum.

5. P. Benth ami, C. B. Clarke ; leaves pinnate or sub-2-pinnate pinnae
1-3 in. deeply lobed, bracteoles oblong toothed scarcely pinnatifid at the apex,
fruiting pedicels £-l| in., fruit \-\ in., lateral ridges widest. Ligusticum Ben-
thami, Wall. Cat. 542. Hymenolsena Benthami, DC. Prodr. iv. 246.

Nipal ; Gossain Than, Wallich.

Stem 2-3 ft. Pinna pinnatifid; lobes distant, large, coarsely serrate Bracts
4-6, 1-lf in., oblong, coarsely lobed or pinnatifid at the apex; rays 4-12, l-2£ in.
Fruit ellipsoid, dorsally compressed; calyx-teeth obsolete, style-bases somewhat
prominent ; furrows 1-vittate. Seed broadly concave on the inner face, hardly
grooved.

6. P. angelicoides, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 915 ; leaves 1-2-pinnate pinnae
3-6 in. with oblong segments, bracteoles 5-8 f in. narrow-lanceolate entire,
fruit £ in. narrowly oblong. Ligusticum angelicoides, Wall. Cat. 548. Hyme-
nolsena angelicoides, DC. Prodr. iv. 245. Pterocyclus angelicoides, Klotzsch in
Eeis. Pr. Waldem. Bot. 150, t. 47.

Kashmir; Falconer. Kttmaon ; Kutam River, alt. 11,500 ft., Strachey $ Win-
terbottom. Nepal ; Wallich.

Stem 3-4 ft. Leaves 12-18 in. ; segments of the secondary pinnae often 1-3 in.,

704 lxx. UMBELLiFERiS. (C. B. Clarke.) [Pleurospermwn.

serrated somewhat closely and regularly. Bracts 5-8, 1-1 f in., narrowly-lanceolate,
entire, white-margined; rays 10-20, 1-4 in.; pedicels in fruit ^-| in., often exceeding
the bracteoles. Eidges of the carpels thin, narrowly winged, lateral rather the
broadest. — The fruit is dorsally compressed ; Klotzsch's figure must have been
taken from very immature fruit, and does not show correctly the shape of the carpel
in horizontal section at any period.

7. P. dentatum, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 915 ; leaves 2-pinnate pinnae £-2 in.
ovate, bracteoles 5-8 £ in. lanceolate entire or minutely denticulate near the
apex, fruit \ in. ellipsoid. Ligusticum dentatum, Wall. Cat. 547. Hymenolsena
dentata, DC. Prodr. iv. 245.

From Kumaon toSiKKiM, alt. 9000-13,000 ft., Wallich, &c.

Stem 2-4 ft. Segments of the pinna % in., oblong or ovate, serrate. Bracts
3-0, 1 in., lanceolate, white-margined; rays 5-15, 1-3 in.; bracteoles usually un-
dulate on the margin, crenulate or denticulate, or quite entire; pedicels in fruit
\isually shorter than the bracteoles. Carpels elliptic, dorsally compressed ; ridges
thin, narrowly alate, lateral broadest; dorsal furrows 1-vittate, lateral 2-vittate ;
commissure plane, 4-vittate ; calyx-teeth 0 ; style-bases not prominent. Seed very
obscurely concave on the inner face, or plane. — Cnidium cuneatum, Ledeb. Fl. Alt. i.
331 (Aulacospermum, Ic. Fl. Ross. iv. 7, t. 312) appears the same, but the authentic
example is in young flower only. It is said to differ by the upper branches and leaves
being opposite and whorled : but this is occasionally seen in many species of Pleu-
rospermum. P. dentatum, in the absence of fruit, is very difficult to distinguish from
P. angelicoides; but the leaves and leaflets are generally smaller, the bracteoles lan-
ceolate (rather than narrow-lanceolate) and slightly crenulate or serrulate. In de-
fining the area of the species ; all Sir J. D. Hooker's examples distributed as P. ange-
licoides have been referred to P. dentatum ; though the leaflets are large, the fruit
is small, and the bracteoles distinctly serrulate.

Vab. erosa, DC. I. c. ; bracts 4-5, leaflets more irregularly incise-serrate. —
Mixed with the type as DC. states. There appear two states of the bracts, and
two very differently cut leaves ; the latter may indicate a different species as DC.
suggests, but the typical P. dentatum has sometimes many bracts.

8. P. pumilum, Benth. in Gen. PL i. 915 ; leaves pinnate pinnae £-1 in.
ovate lobed or subpinnatifid, bracts 1-2 small linear or 0, bracteoles 3-7 } in.
linear entire obscurely white-margined. Ligusticum pumilum, Wall. Cat. 550.
Hymenolaena pumila, DC. Prodi: iv. 245.

Nipal; Wallich. Sikkim; Islumbo, alt 11,000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

The specimens are without fruit. The species is very near P. dentatum, and differs
only in the subobsolete bracts and very narrow bracteoles. The Sikkim example
must have been at least 3 feet high, so that the name pumilum is not well applied to
the species.

9. P. stylosum, C. B. Clarke \ leaves 2-pinnate pinnae 1-3 in. often
pinnatifid, bracteoles 6-10 lanceolate entire or incise-serrate at the apex, fruit
£ in. subglobose transversely plicate-rugose.

Kashmir; Falconer. Lahto; alt. 11,000-12,000 ft., Rev. H. Jaeschke.

Stem 2-4 ft. Segments of the secondary pinna £-1 in., pinnatifid or serrate.
Bracts 4-6, 1-3 in., lobed or pinnatifid at the apex; rays 10-35, 1^-3 in. ; bracteoles
white-margined, entire, incised or lobed in the same umbel. Fruit slightly longer
than broad ; epicarp of very lax tissue (as in P. Govanianum) the transverse folds
occupying the whole back except the ridges ; style-bases prominent even on the ripe
fruit ; calyx-teeth obsolete ; ridges subequal, hardly winged.

10. P. stellatum, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 915 ; leaves 1-2-pinnate pinnae
\ in. serrate or pinnatifid with small narrowly lanceolate lobes, bracteoles 5-8

Pleurospermum.'] lxx. umbellifervE. (C. B. Clarke.) 705

oblong white-margined obtuse lobed or very shortly pinnatifid at the apex, fruit
£ in. ellipsoid somewhat longer than broad, epicarp of very lax tissue, seed grooved
on the inner face. Selinum stellatum, Bon Prodr. 185 ; BC. Prodr. iv. 165.
Hynienolaena stellata, Lindl. in Boyle III. 233.

North-west Himalaya ; Boyle. Kumaon; Milam Glacier, alt. 13,000 ft., Strachey
$ Winterbottom.

Stem 1-6 in. Leaves 2-4 in., oblong ; pinnae ovate, acutely serrate, or subflabel-
lately pinnatifid or nearly 2-pinnate with mucronate lobes. Bracts 1-4, £-l£ in.,
pinnatifid ; rays 3-5, 1-6 in., glabrous ; pedicels very short. Fruit dorsally
compressed ; style-bases globose, depressed ; calyx-teeth obsolete ; petals often per-
sistent. Carpels plane on the inner face ; lateral ridges hardly so wide as the
intermediate and dorsal, all obtuse, hollow ; epicarp rugose, but hardly plicate ; far-
rows 1-vittate.

Var. Lindleyana ; bracteoles entire or slightly lobed, leaves often 2-pinnate ulti-
mate segments oblong or obovate obtuse. Hymenolsena Lindleyana, Klotzsch in
Beis. Pr. Waldem. Bot. 150, t. 49. H. nana, Osten-Sacken § Buprect Sert. Tianshan.
49. Hymenolsena, sp. No. 9, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. $ T. ? Aulacospermum simplex,
Ost. $ Bup. 1. c.— West Himalaya, alt. 13,000-16,000 ft.; Kashmir, Thomson.
Lahxjl ; Bev. H. Jaeschke. — Distrib. Karakorum (Northern slope) : Tianschan Mts. —
Except as to the obtuse (not mucronate) ultimate segments of the leaflets, there
seems no difference between this and P. stellatum type. Of Aulacospermum sim-
plex, the authentic example has the fruit not half-ripe, the bracteoles are rather
smaller.

11. P. apiolens, C. B. Clarke-, leaves pinnate pinnae ^-1£ in. ovate
often pinnatifid with 3-5-7 lobes, bracteoles 6-10 obovate caudate often toothed
near the apex, calyx-teeth obsolete, fruit £-£ in. ellipsoid subquadrate. — Hyme-
nolaenasp. 10, Herb. Ind. Or., H.f 8f T.

Interior valleys of Sixxim, alt. 11,000-14,000 ft. ; J. D. H. ; Elwes ; C. B. Clarke.

Stem 3-18 in. Leaves 4-8 in., oblong, mucronate-serrate. Bracts 4-5, f-l£ in.,
obovate-lanceolate, toothed, sometimes slightly pinnatifid, rarely subentire ; rays
8-16, 1-2 in. ; pedicels many, scarcely \ in. in fruit, much shorter than the brac-
teoles. Carpels dorsally compressed; epicarp loose but not of open tissue; ridges
narrowly winged, subequal; furrows 1-vittate. Seed twice as broad as thick, inner
face exactly plane. — Smells of celery (J. D. H.).

12. P. Hookeri, C. B. Clarke ; leaves 2-3-pinnate ultimate pinnae
\-% in. ovate or oblong toothed or pinnatifid, bracteole3 6-10 obovate-lanceolate
subentire white-margined, calyx-teeth ovate. — Hvmenolaena sp. 8, Herb. Ind.
Ch\, H.f. 8f T. Oreocome sp. 1, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. $. T.

Sixxim, alt. 10,000-16,000 ft. ; J. D. H.

Stem 8-20 in. Leaves 6-12 in., ovate, mucronate-serrate. Bracts 4-7, 1-1£ in.
lanceolate, often toothed or pinnatifid at the apex ; rays 4-8, 1-3 in. ; pedicels very
many, \-\ in., shorter than the bracteoles. Petals persistent. Fruit not ripe, but
will be nearly as in the var. Thomsoni.

Var. Thomsoni ; bracteoles narrowly lanceolate (not at all obovate) narrow and
narrowly white-margined often not prominent. West Tibet, alt. 14,000-16,000 ft.,
Thomson; Shelshed Eiver, alt. 15,500 ft., Strachey $ Winterbottom.— Fruit i in.,
ellipsoid ; epicarp loose but not of open tissue ; ridges thin, narrowly winged, lateral
a little broadest. Seed plane on the inner face or nearly so.— United with P. Hookeri
byH. f. & T. in Herb, and it agrees with it as to the ovate calyx-teeth, but differs in
the much smaller bracteoles and the remote locality. It has been placed next Selinum
tenuifolium by H. f. & T. (mss.) and its bracts and bracteoles are hardly more promi-
nent than in that species : but P. Hookeri type must be placed in Pleurospermum,
which here touches Selinum.

vol. n. • zz

706 lxx. umbellifeile. (C. B. Clarke.) [Pleurospermum.

13. P. densiflorum, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 916 ; leaves 3-4-pinnate ulti-
mate segments very narrowly lanceolate or linear, bracteoles 5-8 elliptic entire
or somewhat pinnatifid at the apex, fruit §- ^ in. with 5 subequal somewhat
broad ridges, seed distinctly grooved on the inner face. Hymenidium ? densi-
florum, Lindl. in Royle III. 233. ? H. suaveolens, Klotzsch in Reis. Pr. Wal-
detn. Bot. 148, t. 48.

North-west Himalaya; Royle. Kashmir, alt. 11,000-14,000 ft., Levinge, G. B.
Clarke. Gttrwhal, Falconer.

Stem 6-15 in. Leaves 3-4 in., ovate. Bracts 5-6, 1-2 in., oblong, tips usually
pinnatifid or pinnate ; rays 5-12, 1-2 in. ; bracteoles prominently white-margined,
exceeding the umbellule, often entire obtuse with the green midrib subexcurrent.
Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit ellipsoid subquadrate, nearly terete ; epicarp thin,
loose, not of lax tissue; dorsal furrows 1-vittate, lateral 2-vittate, commissure
4-vittate. Carpels plane on the inner face. Seed about twice as wide as thick. —
Hardly distinguishable from P. Brunonis but by. the larger more winged fruit : it is
doubtful to which of these species H. stiaveolens belongs, the drawing being made
from immature fruit: the leaves of P. Brunonis are usually more finely cut than as
in Klotzsch's figure.

14. P.' Brunonis, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 916 ; leaves 3-4-pinnate ultimate
segments setaceous, bracteoles 5-8 elliptic or obovate often pinnatifid at the
apex, fruit £-£ in., dorsal and intermediate ridges narrowest, seed exactly plane
on the inner face. Ligusticum Brunonis, Wail. Cat. 545. Hynienolsena Bru-
nonis; DC. Prodr. 245. Hymenidium Brunonis, Lindl. in Royle III. 233.

From Kashmir to Nipal. alt. 9000-14,000 ft., frequent.

Closely resembling P. densiflorum except as to the smaller fruit. Fruit ellipsoid
subquadrate, much dorsally compressed ; epicarp thin, loose, not of open tissue; fur-
rows all 1-vittate, commissure 2-vittate ; carpels plane on the inner face. Seed 4-5
times as wide as thick. — Bentham not having seen ripe fruit doubted the seed being
plane on the inner face as described by Lindley and upon which character he founded
the genus Hymenidium.

29. ANGELICA, Linn.

Herbs, usually tall. Leaves 1-2-3-pinnate, pinnae toothed, usually large.
Umbels compound, rays many ; bracts few, narrow, or 0 ; bracteoles small.
Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals obovate, emarginate, white or lurid-purple. Fruit
ovoid or ellipsoid, dorsally compressed, commissure broad; lateral ridges
broadly winged, dorsal and intermediate not prominent ; carpels complanate,
broadly margined ; furrows 1-2-vittate; carpophore 2-partite. Seed much dor-
sally compressed, inner face plane concave or almost grooved. — Djstrib. Spe-
cies 18 in the north-temperate and arctic regions, and New Zealand.

1. A. g*lauca, JEdgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 53; leaves twice or thrice
3-partite or 2-pinnate, leaflets few 1-3 in. ovate serrate glaucous beneath.

From Kashmir to Simla, alt. 8000-10,000 ft., Falconer, &c.

Glabrous, 4-12 ft. Bracts several, 1 in., linear; bracteoles many, \ in. Bays
often 20-30, 1-3 in., equal ; pedicels hardly half as long as the fruit. Fruit ^ by
| in., subquadrate; dorsal and intermediate ridges approximate, rounded, somewhat
corky; furrows 1-vittate; commissure 2-4-vittate; carpels plane on the inner face.
Seed less than — in. wide, but about twice as wide as thick; almost grooved on the
inner face.

Archangelica.'] lxx. UMBELLiFERiE. (C. B. Clarke.) 707

30. ABCKAN6ELICA, Soffm.

Tall perennial herbs. Leaves 2-3-pinnate, ultimate pinnae toothed, usually-
large. Umbels compound, rays many; bracts few, small, or 0; bracteoles
many, linear, or obsolete. Calyx-teeth obsolete (in India). Petals ovate, sub-
entire, white. Fruit ellipsoid, subquadrate, or oblong ; commissure broad ;
carpels dorsally compressed, lateral ridges winged or acute, dorsal and interme-
diate narrower, distinct ; vittse many ; carpophore 2-partite. Seed dorsally
much compressed, inner face plane. — Distrib. Species 5, in North Temperate
regions.

1. A. officinalis, Hoff. PI. Umb. Gen. i. 168; leaflets l£-4 by f-2 in.,
bracteoles as long as the flowering umbellule, fruit \ in. DC. Prodr. iv. 169.
A. decurrens, Ledeb. Ic. Fl. Ross. ii. 21, t. 166. Angelica Archangelica, Linn.

Vau. himalaica; flowers twice as large, fruit ^ by \ in.

Kashmir; 8-13,000 ft., C. B. Clarke; Aitchieson. Jogi; alt. 11,000 ft., Thomson.
Sikkim; Lachen, alt. 10,000-11,000 ft., J. D. H— Distbib. (of the type) North
Europe, Asia, and America.

Stem 5-10 ft. Leaves 1-3 ft., ovate, ultimate pinnae sessile, rarely decurrent,
terminal often 3-lobed. Bracts small; rays 10-30, ]£-4 in.; pedicels very nume-
rous, \~% in. Lateral ridges usually winged ; pericarp somewhat corky, easily sepa-
rating from the seed ; vittse numerous, small, on the inner surface of the pericarp. —
The fruit of the Himalayan variety is much larger than that of any other Archangelica
preserved at Kew. It closely resembles the flowering example of A. decurrens, but
in Ledebour's figure of that species its fruit is no larger than in ordinary A. officinalis.

31. FERULA, Linn.

Perennial herbs. Leaves 2-4-pinnatifid or 2-4-pinnate. Umbels compound.
Flowers yellow, often polygamous. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals ovate, obtuse,
or emarginate. Fruit orbicular or ellipsoid, much compressed dorsally ; lateral
ridges winged, dorsal and intermediate filiform or obscure ; vittaa many or few ;
carpophore 2-partite. Seed much dorsally compressed, inner face plane.—
Distrib. Species 60, in Europe, N. Africa, Central Asia.

Ferula is difficult to separate from Peucedanum. The Indian species all belong to
the section Narthex.

Sect. Narthex, Falconer (Gen.) Segments of the leaves 1-4 in., oblong,
often pubescent. Bracts 0, or small, deciduous : bracteoles 0, or very small.
Dorsal furrows 1-vittate (rarely a small vitta added) ; lateral 1-2-vittate; com-
missure 2-14-vittate.

1. r. Narthex, Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 994; secondary and tertiary pinnae
decurrent entire or very irregularlv crenate-serrate, ovary glabrous, fruit £ by \
in., vittaa manifest broad 1 (rarely 1-2) in the dorsal furrows. Fluck. 8f Hanb.
Pharm. 280 ; Bentl. $ Trim. Med. PI. t. 126. Narthex Asafcetida, Falc. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 285 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5168 ; Balf. in Trans. R. Soc. Edmb.
xx. 366, tt. 21, 22.

Baltisthan ; Astor, Falconer.

Stem 5-8 ft. Leaves pubescent, at least when young ; lower leaves 1-2 ft., ovate ,
cauline sheaths large, from which spring simple or scarcely compound umbels.
Terminal umbel large, compound, leafless. Vittat broad, usually occupying the whole
furrow, and as long as the carpel; commissural usually 4, 2 slender sometimes added.

708 lxx. UMBELLiFEiLE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Ferula.

•

— This is certainly not F. Asafoztida, Boiss. 1. c, which is Scorodosma fcetidum, Bunge
in Borcz. Fend. tt. 1, 2, with hairy ovary and many very minute (or 0) vittae.
Whether it is the F. Asa-foztida founded by Linnaeus on the figure in Kozmpf. Amotn.
p. 536, is a disputed point. That figure does not represent the numerous lateral
subsimple umbels arising from the sheaths of the cauline leaves which characterise
this, but this character varies so in F. Jaeschkeana (No. 3) that it is impossible to rely
upon it. The fragments of Kaempfer's plant preserved in the British Museum do not
suffice to determine the point. T. Thomsoni (No. 2) has the subsimple umbels of
Falconer's plant (in cultivation), and has also a divaricate corymb very like that
figured by Kaempfer.

2. P. Thomson!, C. B. Clarke ; glabrous, tertiary pinnae 2 by £ in. sub-
entire mostly petioluled, inflorescence as in F. Narthex. — Dorema No. 5, Herb.
Ind. Or.H.f.fy T.

Kashmir; Banahal, alt. 5000-6000 ft., Thomson.

Resembling F. Narthex, but with leaves cut into remote lanceolate subacute
leaflets. — Thomson's examples are in flower, but a fruiting corymb of this, or an allied
Ferula, from Kashmir at Nowgunge (alt. 8000 ft., C. B. Clarke), has umbels and
flowers as in the terminal umbel of F. Narthex ; pedicels %-j in., clavate at the apex ;
carpels i by ^ in., much compressed, elliptic narrowed at both ends, plane or almost
convex on the inuer face : dorsal and intermediate ridges filiform, lateral narrowly
winged ; vittae 3-2 in the dorsal furrows, minute, as long as the carpel, and seeds
very much compressed.

3. F. Jaeschkeana, Vatke Append, in Sem. Hort. Berol. 1876, 2;
secondary and tertiary pinnae decurrent regularly closely crenate, carpel
| by f in., vittae very large solitary in each furrow. F. foetidissima, Hegel 8t
Schmalh. in Gartenfl. 1878, 195-198, t. 944. — Dorema sp. 3 and 4, Herb. Ind.
Or.Hf.8f T.

Kashmir; alt. 6000-12,000 ft., plentiful; Falconer, Thomson, &c. — Distrib.
Turkestan.

Stem, leaves, and inflorescence as in F. Narthex, except that the leaves are closely
crenate or doubly crenate or almost serrate. As in F. Narthex, the fruiting corymb
often appears elongate subpaniculate, sometimes divaricate and corymbose ; peduncles
bearing nearly simple umbels also proceed from the large sheaths of the cauline
leaves. Fruit much larger and thicker than in F. Narthex, vittae much the largest of
any Indian umbellifer : the commissural often 2 only near the medial line, sometimes
4 or 6. — Kegel and Schmalh. think that this plant probably produces the Asafcetida
of commerce ; this may be so, as it is an abundant species in Kashmir, and very
largely supplied with oil : but it is not the Asafcetida of Linnaeus, because Kaempfer's
figure has entire not crenate leaflets.

32. PEUCEDANUM, Linn.

Perennial glabrous or pubescent herbs (the Indian species). Leaves 1-3-
pinnate or twice or thrice 3-partite, ultimate leaflets lanceolate or ovate, rarely
linear, toothed or entire. Umbels compound, rays usually numerous ; bracts
various, bracteoles many few or 0. Floioers often polygamous, white or yellow,
rarely pink. Calyx-teeth obsolete or small. Petals obovate, emarginate or 2-fid.
Ovary glabrous. Fruit much dorsally compressed, ellipsoid, oblong, or orbi-
cular, carpels scarcely convex on the back, more or less acutely winged on the
margin, dorsal and marginal ridges little elevated or obsolete, lateral winged ;
dorsal furrows 1-vittate, lateral 1- rarely 2-vittate. Seed much dorsally com-
pressed, inner face plane. — Distrib. Species 100, throughout nearly the whole
world, few tropical.

Peucedanum.] lxx. umbelliferj:. (C. B. Clarke.) 709

^ The species (formerly referred to Pastinaca) having the ovary and young fruit
hairy have been transferred by Mr. Bentham to Heracleum, whether the vittse are
abbreviated or not.

Ultimate segments of the leaves £-1 in., linear.

1. P. graveolens, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 919; bracts and bracteoles 0,
petals yellow, fruit £ by i in. narrowly winged plano-convex 2-3 times as
broad as thick. P. Sowa, Kurz in Joum. As. Soe. 1877, pt. ii. 116. Anethum
graveolens, Linn.-, DC. Prodr. iv. 186; Wall. Cat. 7210; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii.
1026. A. Sowa, Roxb. Sort. Beng. 22, Fl. Ind. ii. 94; Fleming Cat. Ind.
Med. PI. 5; Wall. Cat. 595; DC. Prodr. iv. 186; W. & A. Prodr. 372;
Wight Ic. t. 572.

Throughout tropical and subtropical India; often cultivated.— Distrtb. Culti-
vated in S. Europe and W. Asia.

Glabrous, 1-3 ft. Leaves 2-3-pinnate. Pedicels many, £ in. Styles small.
Dorsal and intermediate ridges distinct, slender ; vittse large, solitary in each furrow,
2 on the commissure.— The fruits are as broad and as much winged in the Indian
P. Sowa as in the ordinary P. graveolens : never subobsolete, as shown in Wight Ic.
t. 572. In the European P. graveolens the carpels are plano-convex, and not so sub-
pentagonal as depicted by Reichenbach, as Bentham has observed I. c.

** Ultimate segments of the leaves £-2 in., linear-oblong or ovate, entire or
remotely sparingly toothed ; bracts 0 or very small.

2. P. Dhana, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 7216 ; leaves twice or thrice 3-partite
or sub-2-pinnate leaflets 2 by \ in. sessile usually entire, carpels \ by £ in.

North-west India ; Sub-sewaliks up to 4500 ft. ; Edgeworth. Kumaon, in the
subtropical region ; Strachey ^ Winterbottom. North Bengal ; Goruckpore, Hamil-
ton ; Dinajpur, C. B. Clarke.

Glabrous, 6-24 in., subnude upwards. Bracts 3-5, \ in., linear or linear-
lanceolate; rays 5-10, 1-2$ in.; bracteoles 4-8, £ in., linear; pedicels numerous
5 in. Flowers small, yellow. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Styles somewhat long. Car-
pels greatly compressed, subquadrate, tip obtuse, often truncate or emarginate ;
dorsal and intermediate ridges filiform, subobscure, lateral with a wing as thick as
the seed; dorsal furrows 1-vittate lateral 2-vittate ; vittse nearly as long as the
carpel, commissural 6-4.

Var. Dalzellii ; leaflets shortly oblong or suborbicular. Pastinaca glauca, Dalz.
in Hook. Kew Joum. iv. 293 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 107. — Belgaum, Dalzell,
Ritchie. Jubbulpore, McLeod. Chota Nagpore, C. B. Clarke. — Leaflets usually
1 by |-| in., very unlike those of P. Dhana, but the plants in every other point agree.
There has been considerable confusion between Pastinaca glauca, Dalz. {Peucedanum,
sp. Benth.) and Peucedanum glaucum, Wall. : two widely different plants.

*** Ultimate segments of the leaves linear- or ovate-lanceolate serrate ; bracts
0 or very small.

3. P. ramosissimum, Wall, Cat. 578; segments of the lower leaves
ovate-lanceolate of the upper narrow-lanceolate, pedicels in fruit £-^ in., fruit
4 ^v 8"6 m> winged commissure evittate. Palimbia ramosissima, DC. Prodr.
iv. 176.

Khasia Mts., alt. 4000-6000 ft., common.

Glabrous, 2-5 ft. Leaves 2-4-pinnate, much and acutely serrate. Bracts 0,
or 1-3, \'m.; rays 4-8, £-l| in., divaricate; bracteoles 0-5, £ in., linear; pedicels
5-10. Calyx-teeth minute. Styles very short. Carpels elliptic, narrowed at both
ends, entire or subemarginate at the apex : dorsal and intermediate ridges obscure,

710 lxx. umbellifer^:. (C. B. Clarke.) [Peucodanum.

wings of lateral as thick as the seed; furrows 1-vittate; vittae nearly or quite as
long as the carpel.

4. P. sikkimense, C. B. Clarke ; segments of the lower leaves ovate-
lanceolate of the upper narrow-lanceolate, pedicels in fruit £-f in., fruit %-£ by
£— \ in. broadly winged deeply emarginate at both ends, commissure evittate.

Sikkim; alt. 3000-7000 ft., frequent; J. D. H., C. B. Clarke.

Kesembling P. ramosissimum closely except as to the fruit, which has a broader
wing ; the seed is not larger than in that plant, but the pedicels are usually longer
and more slender, and there are often no bracteoles.

5. P. anamallayense, C. B. Clarke; segments of the leaves very nar-
rowly lanceolate, pedicels in fruit £-£ in., fruit | in. orbicular commissure 6-4-
vittate.

Anamaixay Mts. ; Wight, Beddome.

Kesembling P. ramosissimum, but the segments of the leaves narrower, the fruit
different. Umbel as in P. ramosissimum ; bracts 0, or 1-4, £-$ in., linear, sometimes
narrowly oblong, sub- serrate. Calyx-teeth small, lanceolate. Styles long. Dorsal
and intermediate ridges scarcely excurrent, lateral with a prominent wing as thick
as the seed; dorsal furrows 1-vittate, lateral 2-1-vittate ; vittae large usually as long
as the carpel, commissural prominent.

6. P. ceylanicum, Gardn. MS. ; pedicels in fruit £-1 in., fruit £ by £
in., commissure 6-4-vittate. Palimbia ramosissima, Thwaites Enum. 1<U, not
of DC.

Ceylon; Gardner; Galagama, Thwaites.

Kesembling P. anamallayense, and perhaps a variety of it, but the (unripe) fruits
are elliptic and less winged, the pedicels very much longer, and the calyx-teeth much
smaller. Styles long.

7. P. glaucum, DC. Prodr. iv. 179; segments of the middle cauline
leaves narrow-lanceolate serrate of the upper linear entire, fruit ^ by £ in. trun-
cate commissure 2-vittate. Selinum glaucum, Wall. Cat. 580.

Nipal; Wallich.

Glabrous 2-4 ft. Segments of the cauline leaves 2 by £ in., entire in most of
Wallich's examples, serrate in the only fruiting one. Bracts 0; rays 12—16, ^— 1^
in.; bracteoles 0, or minute; pedicels 8-16, £- g- in. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Styles
subprominent. Fruit subquadrate, somewhat emarginate at both ends ; dorsal and
intermediate ridges obscure, lateral subprominently winged, the wing as thick as the
seed ; vittae solitary, nearly as long as the carpel.

Var. ? nagpurensis ; bracteoles 4-7 £ in. linear, fruit narrowed at the base,
margin thicker than the seed, commissure evittate. — Chota Nagpore, alt. 1500-2000
ft. ; Ramghur and Bagoda, C. B. Clarke ; Behar, at Monghyr, G. Lockwood. — Lower
leaves twice 3-partite, leaflets 3 by \\ in., strongly serrate : upper with linear seg-
ments. Fruit truncate emarginate at the narrowed base. — This may be a distinct
species.

**** Ultimate segments of the leaves 1-2 in., serrate) bracts prominent.

8. P. grande, C. B. Clarke; leaves 2-pinnate leaflets with 3 large
rounded lobes, fruit £ in. obovate obtuse. Pastinaca grandis, Dalz. 8? Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 107.

Bombay Ghauts ; Balzell.

Glabrous, 3 ft. Leaves mostly radical, long-petioled, ovate, shining on both sur-
faces, leaflets 1-3 in. Bracts oblong or obovate, obtuse ; rays 20, 2-3 in., stout ;

Peucedanum.~] lxx. umbellifer^. (0. B. Clarke.) 711

bracteoles oblong, obtuse; pedicels 10-16, £-§ in. Petals yellow. Ovary glabrous.
Fruit narrowed to the base and not there emarginate, nearly as broad as long:
dorsal and intermediate ridges triangular, small, obtuse, lateral narrowly winged ;
dorsal furrows 1-vittate, lateral 2-1-vittate; vittae nearly as long as the fruit or the
lateral abbreviated, commissural 4 abbreviated. Seed much broader than thick. —
Perhaps a Heracleum, but the ovary is glabrous.

***** Leaves 3-4r^nnnate, ultimate segments £ in. ovate or lanceolate.

9. P. Thomson!, C. B. Clarke; quaternary pinnae £ in. ovate deeply
pinnatifid, bracts hardlv any, stvles long. — Peucedanum sp. 5, Herb. hid. Or.
H.f. 8f T.

Kashmib ; alt. 5000-9000 ft. ; Kishtwar and Banahal, Thomson.

Glabrous, or the leaves sometimes minutely hispidulous, 3-4 ft., stem subnude
upwards. Lower leaves 6-8 in., broadly ovate, ultimate segments scarcely £ in.
linear-oblong, subobtuse. Umbels large, irregular, and often twice or thrice divided ;
rays unequal; bracteoles hardly any; pedicels 8-12, \ in. Calyx-teeth 0. Ovary
glabrous. Fruit only half-ripe ; will be at least \ in. — The very compound leaves
and irregular umbels easily distinguish this species. The genus is doubtful in the
absence of ripe fruit, but Dr. Thomson marked it Peucedanum, and it has all the
appearance of being so.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

P.? skardicum, C.B. Clarke; glabrous, leaves twice 3-partite secondary pinnae
ovate or elliptic denticulate, bracts 0, bracteoles 4-7 \ in. lanceolate-linear scarious,
petals yellow.— Baltisthan, near Skardo, alt. 12,000 ft., C. B. Clarke.— Stem 3-4 ft.,
corymbose. Pinna £-1 in. diam., shining, yellowish green; nerves prominent,
flabellate and pinnate, hardly reticulate. Peduncles 5-8 in.; rays 10-12, l£-2 in.,
subequal; pedicels 12-20, £ in. Calyx-teeth 0. Petals obovate, emarginate. Disc
large ; styles short. Fruit very immature, but about to be winged.

33. HEXtAGiLEUBX, Linn.

Herbs, biennial or perennial, never quite glabrous. Leaves 1-2-3-pinnate,
segments never minute nor filiform. Umbels compound ; rays usually many ;
bracts few simple, or 0, rarely many foliaceous; bracteoles many, rarely
divided. Flowers polygamous, often radiant, white or yellowish. Calyx-teeth
obsolete, rarely small linear-lanceolate. Petals obovate, emarginate or 2-fid.
Ovary hairy or pubescent. Fruit orbicular obovate or elliptic, much dorsally
compressed ; dorsal and intermediate ridges small or 0, lateral usually winged
or rarely acute ; vittae usually solitary in each valley, as long as the carpel or
abbreviated and dilated below ; carpophore 2-partite. Seed much dorsally com-
pressed, plano-convex.— Distrib. Species 50; in Temperate Europe and Asia ;
1 in N. America, 1 in Abyssinia.

* Species of Northern and North-Eastern India.

t Not large, drying green, pubescence grey or whitish; fruit when ripe greenish
or whitish. (Approaching Pastinaca in habit.)

1. K. Thomson!, C. B. Clarke; lower leaves 2-pinnate, bracts small,
fruit' elliptic ±-± by £-£ in. winged minutely pubescent.— Pastinaca sp. i.,
Herb.Ind. Or. H. f. $ T.

Ladak and Pin; alt. 11,000-15,000 ft., T. Thomson. Lahul ; alt. 10,000 ft,,
Jaeschke. Kashmir ; Tilail, alt. 9000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

712 lxx. umbellifekj:. (C. B. Clarke.) [heracleum.

12-20 in., grey puberulo-pube scent, naked upwards. Leaves 6-10 in.,
ovate-lanceolate, ultimate segments ^-1 in. pinnatifid. Bracts 4-5, £-£ in.; rays-
4-10, 1-2 in; bracteoles 5-8, i in., ovate-lanceolate, white-margined. Ovary hairy.
Petals white. Fruit distinctly but not broadly winged, greenish-pubescent when
ripe, dorsal ridges hardly excurrent ; dorsal vittae extending nearly to the base ; com-
missural 2, near the medial line, half as long. — H. tragoides, Benth. in Gen. PL i. 924
(Zozimia tragoides, Bows.), is very near this, but in it the lower leaves are pinnate
and lobed.

» Var. glabrior ; leaves nearly glabrous more acutely serrate. Pastinaca sp. 2,
Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. § T— North- west Himalaya and Kashmir ; alt. 9000-12,000 ft.,
Jacquemont, TJiomson.

2. XX. pinnatum, C. B. Clarke ; leaves pinnate pinnae ovate toothed or
pinnatifid, bracts small or 0, fruit ^-| in. obovate winged. — Heracleum sp.
14, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. $ T.

Kashmir northwards to the Kakakortjm, alt. 10,000-16,000 ft.; Thomson, C. B.
Clarke.

White-pubescent, 1-3 ft., sparingly corymbose, little leafy upwards. Leaves 6-10
in., oblong; pinnae usually ^-1 in. sometimes 2-3 in., sessile, serrate. Bracts 0-4,
^-^ in., linear or oblong; rays 8-20, 1-3 in.; bracteoles 5-8, §--£ in., linear or
oblong; pedicels 10-30, § in. Petals white. Ovary hairy. Fruit rather broadly
winged, minutely pubescent, whitish; dorsal and intermediate ridges excurrent;
vittae broad extending § the length of the carpel, a minute vitta added in the centre
of the wing ; commissural 2, near the medial line, often more than half as long as
the mericarp. •

3. II. Jacquemontii, C. B. Clarke ; leaves pinnate or 3-partite, seg-
ments ovate, bracts 0, fruit orbicular £ in. winged.

North-west Himalaya?, Jacquemont.

Villous with lax white hairs, 1 ft., nude upwards. Leaves ovate, segments
^-f in., serrate. Rays 7, 1-2 in.; bracteoles 4-8, £-£ in., linear ; pedicels 10-12,
|- in. Fruit minutely pubescent, dorsal and intermediate ridges not excurrent, late-
ral excurrent in a continuous circular narrow wing; vittae nearly as long as the
carpel, commissural 4. — Very distinct by the small fruits.

4. H. cachemiricum, C. B. Clarke ; lower leaves 2-pinnate pinnae nar-
rowly oblong entire or remotely obtusely toothed, bracts small, fruit £ by
| in. elliptic winged. — Peucedanum glaucum, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. 8f T., not of

Wall.

Murree, Falconer ; Jamu, alt. 5000-6000 ft., Thomson ; Kashmir ; Nowgunge, alt.
8000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

Minutely pubescent, 2-3 ft., naked, sparingly corymbose upwards. Leaves
6-12 in., ovate, secondary pinnae 1-3 by ^-| in., sessile, subobtuse. Bracts 2-4,
^-^ in., lanceolate; rays 6-10, 1-2 in.; bracteoles 5-8, £ in., lanceolate ; pedicels
8-20, £-§ in. Fruit pubescent ; dorsal and intermediate ridges hardly excurrent, la-
teral forming a continuous narrow wing ; vittae broad nearly as long as the carpel,
commissural 2, near the medial line.

tt Large, drying brown ; fruit when ripe brown, often with a very thin wing.

5. H. Wallichii, DC. Prodr. iv. 195 ; glabrescent upwards, upper leaves
3-partite or pinnate, bracts 1-2 small deciduous or 0, calyx-teeth linear pro-
minent, fruit f by \ in. obovate, commissure evittate. H. diversifolium,
Wall. Cat. 574.

Nipal; Wallich. Sikkim : on Singaleleh, alt. 10,000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

Stem 3-4 ft., white-hirsute beneath the nodes. Leaves serrate, pilose above and

Heracleum.'] lxx. umbellifere. (C. B. Clarke.) 713

on the nerves beneath. Bracts 1, £ in., linear; rays 6-8, l-2£ in., glabrous ; brac-
teoles 0-5, f in., linear; pedicels 8-16, |-f in. Fruit glabrous, brown, dorsal and
intermediate ridges not prominent, wing broad having a narrow median vitta ;.
rittae about half as long as the fruit subelavate below.

Var. elatior ; more hairy upwards, bracts 4-6, rays 20-30 hairy. — Nipal. —
This may be a different species but contains only very immature fruit. The upper
leaves are lobed, not divided, more hairy than in the type, and the bracteoles are
much more prominent. Bentham (Gen. PL i. 922) referred H. diversifolium to
Peucedanum : but is not now certain to -which of the many plants mixed under the
name H. diversifolium he referred. H. Wallichii is a typical Heracleum, with the
vittae hardly half as long as the mericarp.

6. K. nubig-enum, C. B. Clarke; upper leaves 3-partite or pinnate
glabrescent, bracts several deciduous, calyx obsolete, fruit \ in. orbicular
emarginate at both ends, commissure subevittate.

Sikkim, alt. 10,000-14,000 ft. ; Chola Pass, J. D. H. ; Yakla Pass, C. B. Clarke.

Stem 3-5 ft., pubescent. Tertiary pinnae 1-3 in., ovate, serrate, often lobed,
slightly pubescent. Bracts 4-12, ^ in., linear; rays 30-50, 2-6 in., pubescent;
bracteoles 4-10, ^ in., linear; pedicels 15-30, £-f in. Fruit glabrous, brown; dor-
sal and intermediate ridges obtuse, little excurrent, much broader than the vittae ;
wing broad interrupted at the apex and base ; vittae nearly as long as the fruit,
commissural usually 0, or 1-2 very short near the apex, sometimes fragments of an
interrupted vitta are seen. — The fruit of this plant is much like that of Cortia,
Hookeri.

7. K. Brunonis, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 921 ; upper leaves pinnate oblong,
bracts 5-8 ^-1 in. lanceolate hirsute sometimes divided or foliaceou3, fruit
i-i t>y 6~i in- elliptic. Tordylium ? Brunonis, Wall. Cat. 590. Tordyliopsis
Brunonis, DC. Prodr. iv. 199.

FromKuMAON; Wallich; to Sikkim; alt. 10,000-13,500 ft.

Stem 1-3 ft., pubescent. Cauline leaves 6-8 by 2-3 in. ; pinnae subsessiba, ovate,
lobed or pinnatifid, serrate, sparingly pubescent. Rays 4-8, 1-1 \ in. ; bracteoles 5-6,
i in., lanceolate ; pedicels 8-16, much shorter than the bracteoles. Flowers greenish-
white or purple {J. J). H.), outer often radiant, large. Calyx-teeth minute. Styles
long. Fruit glabrous, brown ; dorsal and intermediate ridges filiform, hardly excur-
rent ; wing prominent with a minute marginal vitta ; vittae § or f the length of the
fruit, commissural 0, or 2 and short.

8. K. sublineare, C. B. Clarke ; pinnae of the upper leaves linear or
nearly linear, bracts small or 0, calyx-teeth linear, fruit \-\ by £-| in. ellip-
tic, commissure 2-vittate. — Pastinaca sp. 4, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. $ T.

Sikkim, alt. 10,000-13,000 ft., J. D. H., &c.

Stem 2-4 ft., pubescent. Lower leaves 6 in., ovate, 2-pinnate ; pinnae lanceolate, ser-
rate, little pubescent, upper pinnate, pinnae often 4 by \ in., or 2 by \ in. Bracts
1-3, £ in., linear, often 0; rays 4-8, 1-1^ in., hairy: bracteoles 2-5, *-J in.,
linear ; pedicels 6-16, { in. Flowers white, outer often radiant, large. Fruit glabrous,
brown, dorsal and intermediate ridges filiform hardly excurrent ; wing broad, con-
tinuous, with a minute marginal vitta ; dorsal vittae more than half as long as the
fruit, commissural 2, usually slender, close to the medial line, nearly as long as
the mericarp, rarely shorter or interrupted.

9. H. canescens, Lindl. in Boyle III. 232 ; stem and leaves softly
hairy, upper leaves mostly pinnate, bracts small or 0, fruit \ by \ in. obo-
vate, commissure 2-vittate. H. hirsutum, Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 57.
? H. cinereum, Lindl. in Boyle III. 232.

714 lxx. UMBELLiFERiE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Heracleum.

North-west Himalaya, alt. 6000-80,00 ft. ; Kishtwar and Banahal, Royle, Thom-
son ; Simla, Lady Dalhousie, &c.

Stem 1-4 ft., subnude upwards, hirsute with white lax hairs at the apex of the
peduncles. Leaves 3-12 in., 1-2-pinnate, oblong or ovate ; pinnae £-3 in., ovate or
oblong, acute or obtuse, crenate-serrate or lobed, rhachis with lax white hair.
Bracts 1-4, \ in., linear or lanceolate, or 0; rays 6-16, 1-3 in.; bracteoles 4-8,
\ in., linear or linear-lanceolate ; pedicels 8-16, 0-§ in. Calyx-teeth linear, small.
Young ovary very hairy, rarely slightly pubescent. Dorsal and intermediate ridges
filiform; distinctly elevated; wing broad; dorsal vittse § the length of the fruit,
not clavate below, commissural distinct, near the medial line, more than half as long
as the carpel. — Easily separated from H. candicans by the indumentum. The leaves
are most variable. No example exists at Kew of H. cinereum, but there appears no
reason why it should not belong here.

10. II. candicans, Wall. Cat. 573 ; leaves pinnatifid or pinnate, pinnae
obtusely lobed or pinnatifid tomentose or white-villous beneath, bracts small
or 0, fruit £ by \-^ in. obovate, commissure 2-vittate. DC. Prodr. iv. 192.

From Kashmir to Ktjmaon, alt. 6000-12,000 ft., common.

Stem 2-6 ft., pubescent or closely villous. Pinna often 8 by 6 in., crenate-serrate,
thickly white-tomentose, or only slightly grey-pubescent. Bracts 1-3, \-^ in.,
linear, or 0 ; rays 10-40, 1-4 in. ; bracteoles 4-8, \ in., linear; pedicels 8-16, '^-\ in.
Calyx-teeth linear. Dorsal and intermediate ridges filiform slightly excurrent,
wing broad with a small distinct median vitta ; vittse in Wallich's example \ the
length of the fruit, in others (with less elongate-obovate fruits) § the length ; com-
missural in the type more than \ the length, or minute near the apex, or 0. •

11. H. obtusifolium. Wall. Cat. 577; upper leaves 3-fid or3-partite
lower 3-5-partite, pinnae round crenate white-tomentose beneath, bracts
2-5 \-\ in. deciduous. DC. Prodr. iv. 192.

Nipal; Wallich. Sikkim ; Lachen, alt. 12,000 ft,, J. D. H. Bhotan, Griffith.

Stem 1-3 ft., pubescent or villous. Pinna 1-4 in. diam., sometimes 2-3-lobed,
always rounded, scarcely serrate. Rays 10-16, l-3£ in.; bracteoles 4-8, |-g in. ;
pedicels 10-20 5—5 in. Calyx-teeth linear, small. Outer flowers of the umbel mode-
rately or not at all radiant. Fruit (ex DC.) obovate, commissure 4-vittate, dorsal
rittse linear, extending f its length in the unripe fruit.

12. H. nepalense, Don Prodr. 185; upper leaves acutely 3-lobed rarely
divided sparingly pubescent, lower pinnate, bracts 0 or inconspicuous, fruit
£ by \ in. obovate, commissure 4-vittate. Wall. Cat. 576 ; DC. Prodr. iv.
192.

FromNiPAL to Bhotan, alt. 5000-12,000 ft. ; frequent.

Stem 2-5 ft,, sparingly pubescent. Pinna often 6 by 4 in., deeply lobed or pin-
natifid, serrate. Bracts 3-5, ^ in., linear, sometimes 0 ; rays 8-20, 1^-3 in.; brac-
teoles 0-6, £ in., linear; pedicels 8-20, |— ^ in. CaJyx-teeih linear, small. Outer
flowers of the umbel radiant or not. Dorsal and intermediate ridges hardly excur-
rent; wing broad, with a prominent small marginal vitta; dorsal vittse f the
length of the fruit, commissural 4, § the length in Wallich's examples, shorter in
others.

Var. bivittata ; fruit \ in. elliptic or subobovate, commissure 2-vittate. — Sikkim
and Bhotan, common, — Uppermost leaves sometimes 3-partite, and middle cauline
leaves sub-2-pinnate. A very doubtful plant, some specimens of which have been
referred to a variety of H. diversifolium with 2-vittate commissure, but the cutting
of the leaves is that of H. nepalense.

13. 3K. barmanicum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1872, pt. ii. 309, and
1877, pt. ii. 116 ; lower leaves 1-2-pinnate hairy, bracts 5-8 f in, lanceolate,

Heracleum.] lxx. umbellifeej:. (C. B. Clarke.) 715

fruit i by i in. obovate, furrows between the lateral and intermediate ridges
2-vittate, commissure 2-vittate. — Heracleum sp. 5, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. $ T.

Khasia Mts., alt. 4000-6000 ft., common. Pegu, alt. 2500-3000 ft., frequent,
Kurz.

Stem 2-4 ft., villous. Upper leaves 3-fid or 3-partite, pinnae 1-3 in., cordate or
ovate-lanceolate, serrate. Rays 6-12, H in.; bracteoles 5-iO, \-± in. Calyx-teeth
linear, small. Petals white, of the outer flowers radiant or not. Dorsal and inter-
mediate ridges elevated hardly exeurrent, vittae between them 1 rarely 2 ; wing broad
with a narrow marginal vitta ; vittae in the furrows between the intermediate and
lateral ridges usually 1-3, more than half the length of the mericarp, commissural
2, usually more than half as long, 2 fragmentary often added.

** Species of Southern India and Ceylon.

14. K. Hookerianum, W. $ A. Prodr. 373 ; lower leaves undivided
roundly 3-lobed villous often woolly beneath, upper much reduced often
to mere sheaths, bracts not prominent, fruit \-% in. broadly elliptic scarcely
obovate obtuse at both ends. Pastinaca Hookeriana, Wight Ic. t. 1010.

Nilghtri Mts. ; Wight, Gardner, G. Thomson.

Stem 12-18 in. villous or pubescent, subnude upwards. Leaves 2-4 in. diam.,
sometimes peltate, often 3-lobed, lobes 2-3-fid, lobes rounded, crenate", not serrate.
Bracts 1-5, ^~ in., lanceolate or 0 ; rays 4-10, 1-3 in., hairy, unequal, sometimes
compound; bracteoles 0-8, 0-^ in., lanceolate or linear, very variable; pedicels
4-10, £ in. Calyx-teeth small, lanceolate. Outer flowers of the umbel radiant or
not. Fruit obtuse, dorsal and intermediate ridges slender, hardly elevated; wing
broad, with a narrow marginal vitta ; vitlae solitary in the furrows, large, nearly
as long as the carpel, commissural 4-2, the 2 longer extending nearly to its base. —
Distinguished from H. rigens, of which it may be a form, by the undivided leaves:
it appears uniformly smaller, more naked upwards, the fruits shining scarcely nar-
rowed at the base.

15. H. rig-ens, Wall. Cat. 575 ; lower leaves pinnate, pinnae 3-5 rarely 7
orbicular villous beneath upper much reduced, bracts not prominent,' fruit
i by \ in. obovate-elliptic. DC. Prodr. iv. 191 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 373. ? H.
sprengelianum, Date. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 108. Pastinaca rigens, Wight Ic. t.
1009.

Mts. of the Deccan Peninsula ; Heyne ; Bottler ; Nilghiris and near Courtal-
lum, Wight. Oetlon, Walker, Thwaites (No. 145 partly).

Near H. Hookerianum, but usually larger (2-3 ft.) with larger umbels. Lower
leaves 3-12 in.; pinnae 1-3 in. diam., obtuse, crenate not serrate. Fruit nearly as
in H. Hookerianum but dull reddish-' rown, often more elongate at the base, in
which case the vittEe extend only § the length of the carpel ; commissural vittae
2-6, usually 4.

V^ab. Candolleana ; lower leaves 2-pinnate, pinnae lobed crenate or crenate-serrate.
Paftinaca Candolleana, W. $ A. Prodr. 372. P. ligusticifolia, Wight III. t. 116 ; W.
$ A. Prodr. 372.— Mts. of the Deccan Peninsula ; plentiful.

16. XE. aquiieglfolium, C. B. Clarke; glabrous, lower leaves 3-partite
or pinnate, pinnee large ovate 3-lobed, fruit \-± in. orbicular or subelliptic,
vittae in the lateral furrows usually 2-3. Heracleum sp. 11, Herb. Ind. Or.
H.f.SfT.

Concan; tropical region, Law, Stocks.

Stem 2-3 ft. Pinnae of the lower leaves 2-4 in. diam., denticulate : upper leaves
often undivided, uppermost reduced to sheaths. Umbels often in a nearly naked
raceme. Bracts 3-5, ±-§ in-> lanceolate; rays 6-10, l£-2£ m. ; bracteoles

716 lxx. umbellifer^. (C. B. Clarke.) [Heracleum.

3-5, \ in., lanceolate or linear, sometimes obtuse. Dorsal ridges distinct, shortly ex-
current, wing broad with a minute marginal vitta ; dorsal vittae produced nearly to
the base; commissural 6-8. — Very near H. rigens var. ligusticifolium which has the
leaves sometimes nearly glabrous, but the leaves are less serrate, and the vittae are
usually 2-3 in the lateral furrows.

17. H. ceylanicum, Gardn. ms. ; lower leaves pinnate pinnae deeply
pinnatifid, lobes oblong hairy above villous- beneath, fruit as in H. rigens. H.
Sprengelianum, Thwaites Enum. 131, not of W. 8f A.

Ceylon; Walker, Gardner, Wight, Thwaites (No. 145 partly).

Pinna of the lower leaves 1-2 by £-§ in., sharply closely serrate or crenate.
Outev flowers of the umbel somewhat radiant, with lanceolate acute calyx-teeth. Fruit
T~h by J in., obovate, totally unlike that of H. Sprengelianum W. & A., but altogether
that of H. rigens from which this differs only in the cutting of the leaves, which is uni-
form in the numerous examples.

18. H. Sprengelianum, W. 8f A. Prodr. 372 ; lower leaves 1-2 pin-
nate hairy, pinnse large ovate pinnatifid or lobed, fruit \-\ by £-§ in. elliptic
narrowly winged. Pastinaca Sprengeliana, Wight Ic. 1. 1008.

Nilghiri Mts., Wight, Gardner. *

Stem 2-4' 'ft. Lower leaves 8-16 in., ovate ; secondary pinnse often 4 by 3 in.,
lobed, crenate-serrate. Bracts usually 0; rays 6-16, 1-2^ in., nearly glabrous ;
bracteoles 3-5, £in., lanceolate, caducous ; pedicels 8-16, in fruit ^ in. Calyx-teeth
obscure, in the radiant flowers small, ovate, obtuse. Dorsal and intermediate ridges
obsolete ; wing less than -^ in. wide ; vittae often f the length of the carpel, or more ;
commissural 2-4. — Easily distinguished from the foregoing species by the small
fruit.

19. B. concanense, Date, in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. ; 260 ; lower leaves
2-3-pinnate pubescent, fruit \-\ by £-4 in. elliptic not winged, primary ridges
obtuse equally prominent. Date, ty Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 107. H. grandiflorum,
Date. 8f Gibs. I. c. 108.

Concan Hills ; Balzell, &c.

Stem 2-4 ft., more or less hispid. Tertiary pinnce of the lower leaves often
1-2 in., ovate, deeply 3-lobed. serrate ; upper leaves much reduced, uppermost often
to sheaths. Bracts 3-5, -|-£ in., oblong, obtuse, or 0; rays 5-10, 1-2 in.;
bracteoles very variable, 5-7, lanceolate and longer than the umbellule, or small,
linear. Calyx-teeth obscure, or small, oblong. Outer flowers usually radiant, large.
Fruit exceedingly hard, much less dorsally compressed than in other species, ridges
prominent; vittae as long as the carpel, those of the lateral furrows usually 2, commis-
sural 2-4.

Var. ? Stocksii ; dorsal and intermediate ridges (in the unripe fruit) slender
lateral ridges ex current into a narrow very thin ring. Heracleum sp. 10, Herb. Ind.
Or. H. f. & T. — Concan ; Stocks. Fruit the same size as in H. concanense type, and
vittae the same. This may be a new species ; for the wing of the unripe fruit frill
almost certainly dilate and will then be unlike that of H. concanense.

20. K. pedatum, Wight. Ic. t. 342 j cauline leaves pedately 5-7-folio-
late, leaflets lanceolate serrate hairy sometimes again lobed deeply.

Deccan; Shevagherry Hills, Wight. Belgaum; Law.

Stem 12 in., or more, remotely hirsute. Petioles 2-6 in. ; leaflets 1-2 by £-f in.
Bracts usually 1, | in., linear-lanceolate; rays 5-6, 1-1 £ in.; bracteoles 0-5,
^-£ in., lanceolate; pedicels 8-12, £ in., in young fruit. Outer flowers of the
umbel radiant ; calyx-teeth linear, prominent; style- bases large conical. Fruit very
immature in our specimen and in Wight's drawing. — The large style-bases and pedate
leaves are not like Heracleum; the fruit promises to be like that of Schultzia.

Heracleum.'] lxx. umbelliferje. (C. B. Clarke.) 717

21. K. Pinda, Dcdz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 107 ; clothed with long weak
white flat hairs, lower leaves bipinnate, pinnae cuneate coarsely toothed, vittse
2 in the lateral furrows, commissure 2-vittate.

Bombay; On Hursur and Hurry-chunder hill forts, Dalzell.

Stem 1-1£ ft., erect, branched. Leaves mostly radical, long-petioled. Bracts 1-3,
broad-ovate, acute, foliaceous ; rays 6-8, unequal ; bracteoles 3, like the bracts.
Flowers white, exterior radiant. — Not seen : the foregoing copied from Dalzell, I.e.

34. ZOSZBKZA, Hoffm.

A perennial herb, pubescent or hirsute. leaves 2-4-pinnate, segments
small. Umbels compound, rays numerous; bracts and bracteoles usually
many, small. Calyx-teeth linear, somewhat prominent. Petals obovate, emar-
ginate, white or yellowish, often unequal sometimes radiant. Fruit elliptic
or orbicular, dorsally compressed, complanate ; dorsal and intermediate ridges
filiform or obscure, lateral hyaline, with a thick corky obtuse wing ; furrows
with solitary large vittse : carpophore 2-partite. Seed 4-6 times broader than
thick.

1. Z. absinthifolia, DC. Prodr. iv. 195; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 1037.
Z. orientalis, Hoffm. Gen. TJmb. 148, t. 4. Z. radians, Boiss. 8f Hohen. in
Boiss. I. c. 1037. Heracleum absinthifolium, Vent. Choix t. 7. H. tomentosum,
Stnith, not of Dalz.

•Scinde ; Stocks. Punjab ; base of Suleiman Mts., Edgeworth. — Distbib. Beloo-
chistan and Cabul to S.E. Europe.

Stem 1-3 ft., pubescent or hirsute. Leaves 4-8 in., oblong -lanceolate, pubescent,
ultimate segments \-% in. narrowly lanceolate or linear. Bracts and bracteoles
variable, usually 5, £-£ in., lanceolate; rays 6-16, 1-3 in., often stout; pedicels
8-20, £-£ in. Fruit § by \ in., elliptic or somewhat obovate, variable in size and
shape, pubescent till fully ripe.

34/ CORIANDRUM, Linn.

A herb, annual, branched, glabrous. Leaves decompound. Umbels com-
pound, rays few; bracts 0, or small linear; bracteoles few, filiform. Calyx-
teeth small, acute, often unequal. Petals obovate, emarginate, white or pur-
plish, of the outer flowers unequal, often radiant. Fruit subglobose ; ridges
not prominent, dorsal primary and adjacent secondary strongest, lateral primary
and secondary obscure; vittse obscure, solitary, under the secondary ridges;
carpels slightly concave on the inner face, commissure distinctly 2-vittate ; car-
pophore 2-partite. Seed convexo-concave, about thrice as broad as thick.

1. C. sativum, Linn.; DC. Prodr. iv. 250; ultimate segments of the
lower leaves ovate or lanceolate of the upper linear. Itoxb. Hart. Beng. 21, Fl.
Ind. ii. 94; Wight III. t. 117, Jig. 9, Ic. t. 516; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 920.
Cuminum Oyminum, Wall. Cat. 594.

Throughout India ; cultivated.— Distbib. Widely cultivated.

34.** CUMINUM, Linn.

A slender, annual herb, glabrous except the fruit. Leaves twice or thrice
3-partite, ultimate segments filiform. Umbels compound, rays few; bracts
and bracteoles several, linear, rigid. Calyx-teeth small, subulate, unequal.

718 lxx. umbellifebje. (C, B. Clarke.) [Cuminum.

Petals oblong or obovate, emarginate, white, often unequal. Fruit cylindric,
tip narrowed ; primary ridges filiform, distinct ; secondary usually hispidulous ;
vittae large, solitary under each secondary ridge ; carpophore 2-partite or 2-fid.
Seed somewhat dorsally compressed, convexo-concave.

1. C. Cyminum, Linn.-, DC. Prodr. iy. 201; Poxb. Hort. Beng. 21, Fl.
Ind.n. 92; Wall. Cat. 7213; Wight III. t. 117, Jig. 6; W. fy A. Prodr. 372 ;
Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 1080.

Punjab Plain, Deccan, &c, cultivated. — Distrib. Widely cultivated.

35. DAUCUS, Linn.

Annual or biennial herbs, usually hispid. Leaves 2-4-pinnate, ultimate
segments narrow or small. Umbels compound, rays usually many; bracts
generally very many, pinnate"; bracteoles many, 3-fid entire or 0. Calyx-teeth
small, or obsolete. Petals obovate, emarginate, white, outer often radiant.
Fruit elliptic, terete or somewhat dorsally compressed ; ridges all prominent,
all or secondary only bristly, lateral primary little developed, lateral secondary
usually the widest almost in the plane of the commissure ; vittae solitary,
under the secondary ridges; carpophore undivided or 2-fid. Seed ^-terete,
dorsally subcompressed, inner face plane. — Distrib. Species 20, mostly Medi-
terranean and temperate Asiatic ; 2 N. American, 1 Australian.

1. D. Carota, Linn.-, DC. Prodr. iv. 211; hispid, leaves 2-3-pinnate,
pinnae pinnatifid segments narrow-lanceolate, outer rays connivent in fruit,
bristles of the secondarv ridges as broad as the fruit, of primary shorter or 0.
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 21, Fl. Ind. ii. 90; Wall. Cat. 7214; W. $ A. Prodr. 374;
Wight III. t. 117, Jig. 7 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 1076.

Kashmir and the Western Himalaya, alt. 5000-9000 ft.; cultivated elsewhere
in India. — Distrib. Of the genus.

Stem 1-4 (in the Himalaya often 6) ft. Bracteoles many, 3-fid and simple. Fruit
jL in. ; bristles on the secondary ridges glistening white, connate at the base only, of
the primary ridges small or sessile, subglochidiate : carpophore undivided. — The
carrot.

36. CAUCALIS, Linn.

Annual herbs, scabrid or hispid. Leaves 2-4-pinnate. Umbels compound,
rays few (in Indian species) ; bracts 0, or linear, inconspicuous ; bracteoles
usually several, linear or oblong, membranous. Calyx-teeth small, acute, or
obsolete. Petals obovate, emargiuate, white or purplish, outer often radiant.
Fruit elliptic or oblong, terete, subcompressed laterally, constricted at the com-
missure ; primary and secondary ridges prominent or not, with 1 or 3 rows of
bristles or tubercles ; vittae solitary, under the secondary ridges ; carpophore
undivided or 2-fid. Seed ^-terete, deeply grooved on the inner face. — Distrib.
Species 18, principally in the temperate Old World.

1. C. Anthriscus, Scop. ; Don Prodr. 183 ; bracts 1-5 £-| in. linear,
fruit £ in., primary and secondary ridges equally bristly not prominent. C.
elata, Wall. Cat. 564 ; Don Prodr. 183. Tordylium Anthriscus, Linn. Torilis
Anthriscus, Gmel.; DC. Prodr. iv. 218; W. 8f A. Prodr. 374; Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 1081. T. japonica and elata, DC. Prodr. iv. 219, 220.

Gaucalis.] lxx. umbellifkr^i. (C. B. Clarke.) 71 £

Himalaya, alt. 3000-9000 ft. ; from Kashmir to Sikkim, frequent.— Distbib. N.
Asia, Europe, N. Africa.

Adpressedly hispid; 1-2 (in the Himalaya 5) ft. Secondary pinna 1 in., pin-
natifid half-way down into lanceolate acute lobes. Umbels long-peduncled, rays 5-12 ■
bracteoles linear, not white-margined. Petals purplish or white, not radiant. Bristles
scattered over the whole surface of the fruit, rough, curved or almost hooked, not
glochidiate.

2. C. leptophylla, Linn.; DC. Prodr. iv. 216; bracts 0, fruit £-£ in.,
secondary ridges prominent, primary filiform minutely hispid, bristles in 1-3
rows: Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 1084.

Kashmir, alt. 4000-6000 ft., Jacquemont, Thomson. Punjab ; Falconer. — Distrib.
W. Asia, S. Europe, N. Africa.

Eesembling C. Anthriscus, but the leaves rather more finely cut, ultimate seg-
ments narrower, sometimes almost linear; fruit larger, bristles longer, shining,
scarcely scabrous, subglochidiate. Umbels often lateral, peduncle 1-2 in., stout;
rays usually 2-5.

3. C. latifolia, Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. 205; bracts and bracteoles small
oblong white-membranous, fruit £ in., primary and secondary ridges equally
prominent and aculeate. Tordylium lati folium, Linn. Sp. PI. 345. Turgenia
latifolia, Hoffm. ; DC. Prodr. iv. 218 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 1087.

Kashmir ; Falconer ; alt. 5000-8000 ft., frequent, C. B. Clarke.

Hispid, almost prickly, 4-24 in., rigid, erect or divaricate. Leaves 1-2-pinnate,
pinnae often 1-2 in., oblong, serrate or pinnatifid half-way to the midrib. Rays 3-4,
1-3 in. ; pedicels hardly \ as long as the fruit. Carpels with 7 subequally aculeate
ridges, the two lateral primary ridges within the commissure less prominent ; bristles
stout, rough, curved or nearly straight at the apex, hardly glochidiate.

37. PSA1MEMOGETON, Edgw.

A small annual, pubescent or glabrous. Leaves 1-2-pinnate, pinnae laci-
niate. Umbels compound; bracts and bracteoles many, small, lanceolate or
linear, scarious. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals obovate, emarginate, white or
purplish, not or but slightly radiant in the outer flowers. Fruit small, ovoid
or lanceolate commissure slightly constricted; primary and secondary ridges
hairy, elevated, scarcely winged, secondary rather the more prominent ; vittse
solitary, under the secondary ridges ; carpophore 2-fid. Seed somewhat dorsally
compressed, inner face plane or scarcely concave.

1. P. biternatum, Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 57 ; segments of the
lower leaves ovate pinnatifid into narrow lobes of the upper narrowly cuneate
laciniate, hairs on the ridges white capitellate 1-seriate scattered longer than
the carpel is broad. P. crinitum, Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 1078. PimpineDa crini-
tum, Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3rd ser. i. 131.

Punjab Plain, ascending the Himalaya to 3000 ft.; frequent. Scinbe.— Distrib.
Beloochistan, Cabul, Persia.

Stem 2-8 in., divaricately branched, pubescent or grey subtomentose, not villous.
Peduncles 1-3 in., stout, lateral and terminal. Bracts 3-8, \-$ in., narrowly lan-
ceolate or linear; rays 5-10, £-1 in.; bracteoles 4-8, \ in., lanceolate sheathing
the young umbellule; pedicels 6-16, \ in. Fruit scarcely £ in., lanceolate, thinly
hairy in the Indian plants ; styles very long.

Var ? villosa ; much taller with patent soft hairs, ridges of the fruit with several
dense rows of often brown hairs.— Scinde, Stocks : a frequent form in Beloochistan

720 lxx. umbelliferj;. (0. B. Clarke.) [Psammogeton.

and Cabul. — Very unlike the type, but there are intermediate forms. Probably
P. brevisetum and setifolium, Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 1079, are other varieties.

DOUBTFUL UMBELLIFERJS.

Sison trinerve, Ham. in Don Prodr. 184 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 111.
Athamantha gigantea, Don Prodr. 184; DC. Prodr. iv. 156.
Athamantha teres, Don Prodr. 185 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 156.

Ligusticum ?nepaxense, Don Prodr. 125; DC. Prodr. iv. 159. '(An Hymeno-
l&na? DC. I.e.)

Order LXXI. ARALIACEJE. (By C. B. Clarke.)

Trees or shrubs, very rarely herbs, sometimes scandent or scandent when
youug and finally self-supporting, not rarely prickly. Leaves alternate, the
uppermost rarely sub-opposite, long-petioled, large, simple or compound ;
stipules adnate to the petiole, sometimes inconspicuous or 0. Flowers regular,
small, sometimes polygamous, in umbels racemes or panicled heads ; bracts
and bracteoles small or conspicuous; pedicels continuous with the base of
the calyx or there jointed. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary; limb* truncate,
obsolete or with small teeth. Petals 5 rarely 6-7 or many, valvate or sub-
imbricate, expanding or deciduous in a cap. Stamens as many as and alternate
with the petals (very many in Tupidanthus), inserted round an epigynous^disc.
Ovary inferior, 2-celled, or cells as many as the stamens (in Arthrophyllum
1-celled) ; styles as many as the cells, distinct or united ; ovules solitary and
pendulous in each cell. Fruit coriaceous or drupaceous usually small, one or
more cells sometimes suppressed. Seed pendulous, albumen uniform or rumi-
nated ; embryo minute, radicle next the hilum. — Distrib. Species BiO, chiefly
tropical and subtropical, a few in the cool temperate zones.

Sect. I. Aralieae. Petals imbricated (but only lightly). Pedicels jointed.

Styles 2-5, free. Leaves compound 1. Aralia,

Styles 5, combined 2. Pentapanax.

Styles 4-3, free. Leaves pinnatifid 3. Araledium.

Sect. II. Panaceas. Petals valvate. Albumen uniform.

* Ovary 2-celled.

Pedicels jointed. Leaves decompound 3.*Panax.

Pedicels continuous. Leaves digitate . . . . ;" . . . 4. Acanthopanax.

** Ovary 4r-10-celled.

t Umbels sessile on the back of the leaf.
Leaves simple 5. Helwingia.

tt Pedicels jointed.
Leaves once pinnate 6. Pojltscias.

ttt Pedicels continuous. Leaves not pinnate.

Fruit angular the size of a pea 7. Heptapleurum.

Fruit more than \ in. long 8. Trevesia.

Flower sessile embraced by 4 bracteoles 9. Brassaia.

Leaves simple (except the lowermost) 10. Dendropanax.

Aralia.~] lxxi. araliaceje. (C. B. Clarke.) 721

Sect. III. Kedereae. Petals valvate. Albumen ruminated.

* Ovary 1-celled.

Leaves pinnate or undivided 11. Arthrophyllum.

** Ovary 2-celled.

Pedicels continuous. Styles distinct 12. Heteropanax.

Pedicels continuous. Styles combined , . . 13. Brassaiopsis.

Pedicels jointed. Styles combined , ... 14. Macropanax.

*** Ovary 5-4^celled ; styles combined.

t Leaves simple lobed or pinnate.

Pedicels continuous 15. Hedera.

Pedicels jointed 16. Hederopsis.

ft Leaves digitate.

Tree. Leaflets ciliate 17. G-amblea.

Sect. IV. Plerandreee. Petals valvate. Stamens 20-50.
Petals united, falling off in a cap 18. Tttpidanthus.

1. AEALIA, Linn.

Herbs shrubs or small trees, glabrous hairy or prickly. Leaves alternate
or whorled, digitate pinnate or compound-pinnate ; leaflets serrate or nearly
entire; stipules not prominent. Umbels solitary or in racemes or panicles
rarely in compound umbels; pedicels jointed close under the flower or not.
Flowers often polygamo-moncecious. Calyx margin truncate or 5-toothed.
Petals 5, ovate, imbricate in bud. Sta?nens 5. Ovary 2-5-celled ; styles 2-5,
free or shortly connate at base (at least in the seed-producing flowers). Fruit
4-5-celled 4-5-angular, or subglobose 2-3-celled. Albumen uniform. — Distrib.
Species 30 ; extending from India and Malaya to Japan and North America.

Sect. I. Ginseng". Herbs 1-2 feet with a whorl of digitate leaves.
Styles 2-3. Fruit red or red and black, shining, globose, subdidymous.

1. A. Pseudo-ginseng, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 936; leaflets lanceolate
with scattered bristles especially on the upper surface. Panax Pseudo-ginseng,
Wall. PL As. Ear. t. 137, Cat 3730 ; C. A. Mey. in Gaug. Repert. Pharm. $
Chem. 1842, p. 525, with Jig. ; Seem. Rev. Heder. 99.

Nipal, Sikxim, and Bhotan, alt. 6000-12,000 ft., frequent. Khasia Mts., alt.
5000 ft.; H.f. $ T.

Rootstock horizontal, tuberous or tuberiferous. Stem 6-15 in., erect, smooth, ter-
minated by a whorl of leaves ; the scale at its base deciduous or persistent. Leaflets
5 rarely 3, 2-6 by |-1£ in., acuminate often caudate, rounded or tapering at the base,
closely serrate or deeply doubly serrate, glabrous except the scattered bristles;
petiole 1-6 in., glabrous"; petiolules 0-1 in. Peduncles shorter or longer than the
leaves, glabrous or nearly so, solitary or 2-4, simple or with 2-5 umbellate heads ;
pedicels £-1 in., pubescent or puberulous; bracteoles £ in., narrow lanceolate-linear.
Flowers polygamo-moncecious ; styles in the male flowers sometimes united nearly to
their summit. Fruit red, or half -black half-red.

Doubtfully separable from the true Ginseng of Japan, Panax Ginseng, C. A.
Mey. I.e. 524, which differs by having broader, more obovate, less bristly leaves, and
not by the characters relied on by C. A. Meyer. The Indian examples show every
vol. n. 3 A

722 lxxi. araliace^. (C. B. Clarke.) [Aralia*

form of rootstock and tuber attributed specially to P. Ginseng and to P. quinque-
folius, Linn. : the scale at the base of the stem is persistent even in some of
Wallich's specimens.

2. A. bipinnatifida, C. B. Clarke', leaflets pinnatifid the lobes serrate
or bipinnatifid pilose above. Panax bipinnatifidum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 100.

Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 8500-11,500 ft.; J. D. H. ; C. B. Clarke.

Generally resembles A. Pseudo-ginseng, and perhaps not distinct. Leaflets
petioluled or sessile, lanceolate acuminate or caudate. Rootstock horizontal, quite
like that of some examples of A. Pseudo-ginseng, and doubtless, like it, producer
tubers not rarely.

Sect. II. Shrubs, erect or scandent, or small trees. Leaves digitate. Styles
5 (or 4). Fruit carpels 5-4, ridged on the back.

3. A. cissifolia, Griff.; Seem. Rev. Heder. 91; leaflets 5 rarely 3
lanceolate narrowed at each end, a tuft of fulvous hairs or spines often at the
apex of the petiole, umbels simple. — Araliad sp. 4, Herb. Ind. Or., H f. fy T.

Temperate Himalaya ; Kumaon, Sikkim, and Bhotan.

A shrub 10 ft. or erect small tree, branches with short strong deflexed prickles
which are sometimes clustered at the nodes. Petioles 5 in., glabrous or pubescent,
often with scattered prickles; stipules large, ovate, often deciduous; leaflets 2-3 in.,
lanceolate, acuminate, pilose above ; petiolule 0-^ in. Peduncles 2-5 in., solitary,
pubescent upwards, carrying each one many-flowered umbel ; bracteoles among the
pedicels few, linear, small. Fruit glabrous.

Var. 1. normalis; a small tree, branchlets and leaves prickly, leaflets fulvous-
pubescent beneath doubly serrate, pedicels pubescent. Sikkim; alt. 9000-13,000 ft.,
Lachen, J. D. H. Bhotan ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2669).

Var. 2. scandens, Edgew. in Herb.; scandent (?) without spines, glabrous, leaflets
simply serrate. Kumaon ; alt. 9000 ft., Madhari Pass, Strachey § Winterbottom.

Sect. III. Eu-Aralia. Erect lax shrubs. Leaves 1-3-pinnate. Styles
5 (or 4). Fruit carpels 5-4, ridged on the back.

4. A. cachemirica, Dene, in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 72, t. 81; unarmed no
leaflets at the points of division of the leaf-rachis, leaflets elliptic shortly
acuminate base often rounded minutely fulvo-pubescent on the nerves above.
Seem. Rev. Heder. 91 ; Brand. For. Fl. 248. A. macrophylla, Lindl. in Bot.
Reg. 1844, Misc. 73. Panax tripinnatum, Wall. Cat. 4934 ; G. Don Gen. Syst.
iii. 384. P. decompositum, Wall. Cat. 4935 ; DC. Prod. iv. 255.— Araliad sp.
43, Herb. Ind.. Or., H.f. $ T.

Temperate Himalaya ; from Sikkim, alt. 7000-8000 ft., to Kashmir, alt. 9000-
12,000 ft.; frequent.

A lax shrub. 5-10 ft. Leaves 1-3-pinnate, ultimate pinna with 5-9 leaflets,
petiolules 0-\ in.; leaflets 3£ by 1| in., often cordate at base, usually simply regu-
larly serrate, pilose above, glabrous or hispid on the nerves beneath- Umbels in
elongate panicles a foot long, but many smaller panicles occur ; bracts % in., few,
lanceolate, or sometimes leaf-like 1^ in.; panicle-branches and pedicels pubescent.

5. A. raalabarica, Bedd Fl. Sylv. ii. 121, and Anal. Gen. t. 15;
aculeate, panicle-branches and pedicels glabrous or sparingly bristly, bracts
^ in. narrow lanceolate acute ciliate.

Western Ghats, from Malabar to Travancore : common on the Carcoor Ghat
in Wynaad; Beddome.

A large shrub, nearly glabrous, with scattered weak prickles and bristles. Leaves

Aralia.] lxxi. aealiacej;. (C. B. Clarke.) 723

2-3 ft., 2-pinnate with a pair of leaflets at each division of the rachis ; petiolules 0-1
in. ; leaflets 3-5£ by 1-1 f in., 5-9 to each pinna, simply or doubly serrate, ciliate*,
acuminate, narrowed ovate or cordate (Beddome) at the base, when young weakly
aculeate, when older nearly glabrous on both surfaces. Umbels in a compound
spreading panicle, at least 8 in. Fruit slightly 10-ribbed (Beddome).

6. A. Thomsonii, Seem. Rev. Heder. 91; prickles short strong, stem
upwards fulvous villous and woolly, pedicels i-f in.— Araliad sp. 42, Herb. Ind.
Or.,H.f.8rT. y

Assam ; in the plains, Jenkins. Khasia Mts., alt. 2000-4000 ft. ; H. f. & T.\
C. B. Clarke.

A large prickly shrub, all parts softly villous. Leaves large, 2-3 -pinnate, with a
pair of leaflets at each division of the rachis, petiolules 0-£ in.; leaflets 3-4 by l£ in.,
5-9 to each ultimate pinnule, elliptic, acuminate, base broad, sparingly often very
obscurely serrate. Panicles l£ ft., compound; bracts \ in., narrow-lanceolate. —
Eesembles A. chinensis, Linn., and A. montana, Blume, but differs from both in its
long-pedicelled flowers. It is much more hairy than the other Indian Aralias.

7. A. foliolosa, Seem. Rev. Heder. 91 > very prickly, leaflets glabrous
beneath or sparingly bristly on the nerves, bracts narrow-oblong somewhat
obtuse persistent, pedicels glabrous or nearly so. Panax (?) foliolosum, Wall.
Cat. 4928. -Araliad sp. 44, Herb. Ind. Or., H.f. $ T.

Sikjum, alt. 5000 ft., J.D.H.; Bhotan, Griffith. Khasia Mrs., Griffith (Kew
Distrib. No. 2659); alt. 3000-4000 ft.; H.f. $ T.

A large lax shrub, glabrous or nearly so ; prickles short strong spreading. Leaves
large, 2-3-pinnate, with a pair of leaflets at each division of the rachis ; petiolules
0-^ in.; leaflets 2-3 by \-l\ in., 5-9 to each ultimate pinnule, elliptic, acuminate,
usually rounded at the base, sparingly serrate, glabrous or minutely pilose above,
pilose on the nerves beneath. Panicle 1 ft., compound ; pedicels £-f in.

Var. sikkimensis ; leaflets more slender more serrate, at their base are often
needle-like spines \-% in., panicle very large. — Sikkim, alt. 2000-5000 ft. ; J. D. H,
N. Gamble, C. B. Clarke.

8. A. armata, Seem. Rev. Heder. 91; prickly, upper part of stem and
petioles glabrous, leaflets pilose on both surfaces, upper part of panicle and
pedicels pubescent, bracts 0 or caducous. Kurz Far. Fl. i. 536. Panax
armatum^ Wall. Cat. 4933 ; O. Don Gen. Syst. iii. 386.— Araliad sp. 45, Herb.
Ind. Or., H.f. $ T.

Sikkim, alt. 2000-6000 ft., frequent. Khasia Mts., alt. 2000-4000 ft. ; H.f. $ T.
Tenassebim; Kurz. Tavoy; Wallich.

A shrub. Leaves very large, usually 3-pinnate, with a pair of leaflets at each
division of the leaf-rachis ; petiolules £ in.; leaflets 4£ by 2 in., 5-9 to each ultimate
pinnule, acuminate, round or cordate at the base, distinctly serrate. Panicle often
1^ ft., the lower part of the rachis glabrous ; pedicels £-f in.— Panax Finlaysoni-
anum, Wall. Cat. 4933, from Turong Bay, Cochin China, hardly differs from this
except that the leaflets have soft brownish-red hairs on the lower surface instead of
bristly hairs.

2. PENT A PANAX, Seem.

Trees or large scandent shrubs. Leaves simply pinnate with 5-9 leaflets, or
digitate with 3-5 leaflets glabrous ; leaflets entire crenate or serrate. Flowers
hermaphrodite or polygamous, in compound racemes or umbelled, pedicels
iointed close under the flowers. Calyx-teeth 5. Petals 5, imbricated in bud.
J 3 a 2

724 lxxi. araliace^e. (C. B. Clarke.) [Pentapanax.

Stamens 5. Ovary 5- (or 4-) celled ; styles 5-4, combined to the summit or
free for more than half their length. Fruit 5-4-celled and angled. Albumen
uniform. — Disteib. Species 5, confined to continental India.

* Flowers in panicled racemes.

1. P. racemosum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 21 ; panicles unisexual elongate
oolong with racemes diverging from the rachis divaricately to its summit,
stvles in the perfect flowers half- or more- free recurved. — Araliad sp. 41,
Herb.Ind. Or., Hf.fy T.

Sikkim; alt, 6000-8000 ft.; H. f. $ T.; Gamble; C. B. Clarke.

A tree 60 ft. (ex H. f. $ T.), or a large climber (ex Gamble). Leaflets 4-9 by
2|-5£ in., usually 5-7, elliptic, acuminate, often rounded or cordate at the base,
sinuate-denticulate ; petiolules often ^— \ in. Panicles glabrous or villous, often 1 ft.
by 4-6 in., 3-9 clustered at the ends of the branchlets; branches 2-3£ in., ra-
cemed, flowering from their base ; pedicels 0-|- in., with a minute linear bract at
their bases. Styles in the male flowers combined nearly to their summit, in the per-
fect flowers 3-5, recurved free sometimes almost to the base. Fruit (not ripe) small,
subglobose ; probably less angular, and elongate than that of P. Leschenaultii ; disc
not elongate-conical.

2. P. subcordatum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 22 ; panicle ovate acuminate,
racemes ascending, rachis unbranched upwards, styles combined nearly to their
summits. Hedera subcordata, Wall. Cat. 4917 ; G. Don Gen. Syst. iii. 394. —
Araliad sp. 41, Herb. Ind. Or., H.f. fy T. partly.

Khasia Mts., alt. 4000-6000 ft. ; Wallich, Griffith, &c, not r*re.

A small tree. Leaflets 3|-4^ by 2 in., usually 3-5, elliptic, acuminate, often
rounded or cordate at the base, sinuate-crenate ; petiolules often £— § in. Panicles
8 in., with 3-8 racemed branches ascending from its lower half; panicle-branches
2-4 in., glabrous racemed flowering from their base ; pedicels often \ in. (rarely
0-^ in.), with a minute linear bract at their bases. Flowers appear all perfect.
Fruit (nearly ripe) small, subglobose, obscurely 5-angled, disc not elongate-conical.

** Flowers umbelled, umbels simply panicled.

3. P. parasiticum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 22 ; leaflets 5 lanceolate entire
glaucous beneath. Brand. For. Fl. 248. Hedera parasitica, Don Prodr. 188 ;
DC. Prodr. iv. 265. H. glauca, Wall. Cat. 4921 ; G. Don Gen. Sijst. iii. 394.
Aralia parasitica. Ham. MS.

Nipal; Hamilton. Kttmaon; Wallich, Boyle. Binsar, alt. 7,600 ft., Strachey $
Winterbottom.

Scandent, glabrous. Leaflets 2f by \\ in. (or smaller), scarcely acuminate, base
rounded or subacute ; petiolules 0-£ in. Panicles 3-4 in., simple with 2-8 umbels ;
pedicels ^-f in., glabrous. Styles long, combined to near the top. Fruit (not ripe)
small, subglobose, obscurely 5-angled ; disc not elongate-conical.

Vae. 1. khasiaha; pedicels and rachis of panicle pubescent. — Khasia Mts.;
Myrung, alt. 5000 ft., Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2680), Simons.

4. P. Leschenaultii, Seem. Rev. Heder. 22 partly; leaflets 3-5 elliptic-
acuminate bristle-serrate, fruit ovoid not very angular, disc" not elongate-
conical: Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. t. 15. Panax Leschenaultii, DC. Prodr.
iv. 254. P. micranthum, Wall. Cat. 4938 : Excl. A. Hedera Leschenaultii
and H. trifoliata, W. $ A. Prodr. 377; Wight Ic. t. 307.— Araliad sp. 39,
Herb.Ind. Or.,H.f.$ T.

SncKiM, alt. 6C00-1000 ft.; J. D. H. South Deccan and Ceylon in the moun-
tains. Bubma, Taong-dong ; Wallich.

Pentapanax.~\ lxxi. araliacejE. (C. B. Clarke.) 725

A tree 30-50 ft., or scandent shrub. Leaflets 3£ by 2\ in., 3 (or 5 in "Wight's No.
1204), base rounded or cordate; petiolules often ±-§ in. Panicles 3-6 in., with 3-6
heads ; pedicels |-| in., glabrous cr puberulo-pubescent. Styles combined nearly to
their summits. Fruit £ in. long and broad subcampanulate ; ribs not prominent.

The typical form of the fruit in the Nilgherries, accurately described and figured
by "Wight and Beddome, differs from the Himalayan, but the large series of examples
bridges over the gap completely.

Var. umbellatum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 22 (sp.) ; fruit oblong strongly-ribbed, disc
often elongate-conical, pedicels glabrous or pubescent. P. Leschenaultii, Seem. Rev.
Heder. 22, partly ; Brand. For. Fl. 248. Hedera fragrans, Don Prodr. 187, not of
Roxb. Panax bijugum, Wall. Cat. 4937 ; C. Don Gen. Syst. iii. 386, &c. — Temperate
Himalaya from Kumaon to Bhotan, alt. 4000-10,000 ft.; common. Khasia Mts., alt.
3000-5000 ft. — Resembles the type except in the fruit: the pedicels are either
glabrous, or more or less pubescent. Seemann has marked as P. Leschenaultii
examples with pubescent pedicels.

3. ASALXDZUK, Miq.

Leaves large, simply pinnatifid, glabrous. Panicles male or hermaphrodite,
males much larger and more compound; pedicels jointed close under the
flowers ; flowers small. Calyx-teeth. 5, triangular. Petals 5, imbricate.
Stamens 5. Ovary 4-3-celled; styles 4^3, separate, linear-cylindric, stigma-
tose on all sides. Fruit 1-seeded. — Distrib. Species 2, Malayan.

1. A. pinnatifidum, Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. 763, t. 13; leaves 12-18
in. lobed nearly (sometimes quite) to the rachis, panicles upwards and flowers
tawny-pubescent.

Malacca : Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2702) ; Maingay No. 676.

Lobes of the leaves 4-6 by 1-2 in., oblong-lanceolate. Male panicles 15 by 12 in.,
compound, with innumerable minute pubescent flowers. Petals pubescent. Young
ovary with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell. Fruit (unripe) \ in. long. — Maingay notes
"Drupes 1-seeded, cotyledons crumpled leafy." The albumen in the imperfectly ripe
seeds seems much ruminated. The seeds of the closely allied A. dentatum are 1 in.
long.

3.* PANAX, Linn.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves pinnate or digitate rarely undivided; leaflets
entire or serrate. Umbels panicled (in Indian species), pedicels jointed close
under the flowers. Flowers often polygamous. Calyx-limb 5-toothed or nearly
entire. Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5. Ovary 2- (rarely 3-) celled ; styles 2
(rarely 3), distinct. Fruit subcompressed or globose, 2- (rarely 3-) seeded,
carpels rounded on the back.— Distrib. Species 25, Polynesian, Australian,
and Malayan, extending to Mantchuria and Tropical Africa.

1. P. fruticosum, Linn.; DC. Prodr. iv. 254; leaves tripinnate,
leaflets lanceolate bristle-serrate, fruit compressed laterally. Blume Bijd. 880 ;
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 21, Fl. lnd. ii. 76; Wall. Cat. 4932; W. $ A-£rod^iQJ
Wight Ic. t. 573 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 537. Nothopanax fruticosum, Miq. ±1. lnd.
Bat. i. pt. i. ^5 ; Seem. Rev. Heder. 70.— Rumph. Amb. iv. t. 33.

Throughout the warmer parts of India, cultivated.— Distrib. Malaya and Poly-
nesia, cultivated; wild state unknown. , . . a.

A shrub, 3-6 ft. Leaflets 2-3 by ±-$ in., but varying greatly in size and orten
irregular in shape, usually much setose-serrate or incised, sometimes near y entire.
Panicles 3-6 in.; bracts minute, deciduous; pedicels H in- Fruit ^ m. long and
" in. thick ; styles persistent recurved.

726 lxxi. ARALiACEiE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Acanthopanax.

4. ACANTHOPANAX, Dene. 8f Planch.

Shrubs or small trees, glabrous (or in non-Indian species tomentose). Leaves
palmate or digitate (in Indian species). Umbels panicled or subsolitary;
pedicels not jointed under the flower. Flowers polygamous or hermaphrodite.
Calyx-teeth 5, small. Petals 5-4, valvate. Stamens 5-4. Ovary 2- (rarely
3-4-) celled ; styles 2 at the apex of a conical disc, distinct or combined at the
base. Fruit laterally subcompressed or .subglobose. Albumen uniform.—
Distrib. Species 6 ; Japan to Malaya, and E. Bengal.

1. A. aculeatum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 86; glabrous, prickly, leaves digi-
tate, leaflets 3-5 elliptic attenuate at base toothed, umbels in small panicles or
solitary, fruit compressed. A. sepium, Seem. Rev. Heder. 86. Panax acule-
atum, Ait. Hort. Kew, v. 482 ; Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 634 ; Wall. Cat. 4926 ; DC.
Prodr. iv. 252. P. Loureirianum, DC. I. c. Plectronia chinensis, Lour. Fl.
Cochinch. 162. Xanthoxylon trifoliatum, Linn. Sp. PL 1455. — Araliad sp. 5,
Herb. Ind. Or., H.f. $ T.

Mishmee ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2665). Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft, frequent.
— Distrib. China, Japan.

A shrub or small tree ; branches angular ; spines short, broad -based, stout, often
deflexed. Leaves of 3-5 leaflets ; petiole 1-2 in., often bearing one or more prickles ;
leaflets 2 by f-1 in., subacute, denticulate or serrate, sometimes with a few stiff
bristles on the nerves beneath; petiolules usually distinct, -|--j- in. Umbels often
solitary ; pedicels numerous, f-1 in. Fruit | in. long and broad ; styles persistent,
recurved, united for half their length. — Seemann has marked some of the Kew
examples A. sepium, others A. aculeatum, between which no difference can be dis-
covered, and his diagnosis of A. sepium applies to the examples he has marked A.
aculeatum. It is very doubtful whether Panax spinosum, Linn. f. (Acanthopanax,
Miq.), specifically differs : the leaflets in this seem quite sessile and the prickles are
less deflexed.

5. XZEX.WXNGXA, Willd.

Glabrous under-shrubs. Leaves petioled, simple, lanceolate or ovate-lanceo-
late, bristle-serrate ; stipules a tuft of linear bristles seen only at the base of
the young petioles. Umbels unisexual, simple, very small, sessile about the
middle of the back of the leaf, or on phyllodes ; females 1-4-flowered ; males
with more flowers ; bracts 0, pedicels not jointed under the flower. Calyx-
margin obsolete. Petals 3-5, valvate. Stamens 3-5. Ovary 3-4-celled ; styles
3-4, combined at base, rising from a conical disc. Fruit ovoid or ellipsoid,
usually 2-3-celled ; carpels rounded on the back. Seed compressed : albumen
uniform. — Distrib. Species 2, an Indian and a Japanese.

1. H. himalaica, Hk. f. $■ T. ms.-, leaves lanceolate, fruit £ in.
ellipsoid.

Sikkim, alt. 7000-9000 ft., frequent. East Himalaya ; Griffith. Khasia Mts.,
alt. 5000-6500 ft., H.f. # T. •

Stem woody, branched. Leaves 3 by 1 in., tapering at both ends ; petiole \-^ in.
Phyllodes when present spathulate-oblong, sessile, 1 ^ in., entire below bristle-serrate
near the apex, midrib strong, the wing membranous imperfectly herbaceous. Flowers
~o in- diam., greenish. Fruit 1-3 on the leaf; pedicels hardly £ in. Seeds narrowly-
oblong, compressed, more than twice as long as broad. — This hardly differs from H.
rusciflora, Willd., which has elliptic (rather than lanceolate) leaves, the fruit shorter
subglobose, the seeds less than twice the length of their breadth.

Helmngia.~\ lxxi. araliacEjE. (C. B. Clarke.) 727

EXCLUDED SPECIES.

Helwingia populifolia, Spreng. Pugillus ii. 89, said to be from Bengal, does not
belong to the genus.

6. POLYSCIAS. Forst.

Glabrous trees or large shrubs. Leaves pinnate, leaflets coriaceous entire.
Umbels panicled (in Indian species); bracts £ in., lanceolate or 0; pedicels
jointed under the flower. Calyx-margin truncate or toothed. Petals 5-4 (in
Indian species), valvate. Ovary o^t-celled (in Indian species), summit flat ;
styles 5-4, distinct. Fruit ellipsoid or globose, prominently ribbed. Seed
compressed ; albumen uniform. — Distrib. Species 8 ; E. African Islands, S.
India, and Malaya.

1. P. acuminata, Seem. Rev. Heeler. 56 ; leaflets 5-13 oblong much
acuminate, panicle narrowly oblong simple, branches short ending in an im-
perfect umbel. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 213, excl. syn. Hedera acuminata, Wight
Ic. t. 1062 ; Thwaites Enum. 131, excl. syn. Eupteron acuminatum, Miq. Fl.
Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 762.

Deccan Mts., alt. 5000 ft. ; Nelghibis ; Wight. Anamallays and Tinnevelly
<xHATS ; Beddome. Ceylon, Adams Peak, alt. 4000-5000 ft. ; Thwaites.

A tree. Leaflets 5 by If in., attenuated at both ends, margin thickened, petiole
\ in. Panicle 8-10 by 1-3 in., branches stout, umbel at the end of each subcapitate
the pedicels not rising from the same point and being sometimes again divided so
that the panicle may be called compound, but the umbels altogether are not above
1 in. diam. ; bracts caducous. Ovary truncate, ellipsoid, soon becoming distinctly
ribbed. Bipe fruit not seen. [The Andaman leaves distributed by Mr. Kurz as Eu-
pteron sp. nov. ? Andaman Rep. Suppl. B. 9 appear to be Arthrophylhim diversi-
folium, Bfume.~]

2. P. pinnata, Forst. Char. Gen. p. 64, t. 32 ; leaflets orbicular subentire
or with small remote teeth base cordate. DC. Prodr. iv. 257 ; Seem. Bev.
Heder. 56. Panax ? Ileyneanum, Wall. Cat. 4927 ; G. Don Gen. Syst. iii. 385.
Nothopanax tricochleatum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 340. Aralia latifolia,
W. $ A. Prodr. 376.

India? Wight No. 1213. — Distrib. Malaya, Polynesia.

This plant is noticed here because taken up in W. $ A. Prodr. and because Dr.
Seeman supposed it might be a new genus. Wight's Herbarium specimen is without
locality, there is therefore small probability that the plant is Indian.

7. KEPTAFLEUBVM, Gaertn.

Large shrubs or trees, glabrous or tomentose, without prickles. Leaves digi-
tate rarely compound-digitate or 1-foliolate ; leaflets coriaceous, entire or
remotely toothed or lobed, never closely serrate nor ciliate, those near the
panicle usually entire ; stipules often connate within the petiole and prominent.
Umbels (rarely capitate) panicled or in compound racemes ; bracts woolly, de-
ciduous or persistent ; pedicels not jointed under the flower ; bracteoles few or
0, or rarely densely tufted. Calyx-margin toothed or truncate. Petals 5-6 or
many, valvate. Stamens as many as the petals. Ovary cells as many as the
petals, disc small or large ; styles small, separate or combined in a short conical
narrow cylindric column. Fruit subglobose, 5-6-angled. Seeds compressed ;
albumen uniform. — Distrib. Species 50, in the tropics of the old world.

728 lxxi. ARALIACE2E. (C. B. Clarke.) [Heptapleurum^

Sfbgen. I. Agalma. Stir/mas connate into a narrow cylindric style,
f Umbels perfect, pedicels not racemed.

1. H. impressum, C. B. Clarke; leaflets (from leaves near the panicle)
lanceolate nearly entire nerves impressed above stellately woolly beneath, petals
sparingly stellate-woolly. Agalma tonientosum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 25. He-
dera tomentosa, Ham. in Don Prodr. 187 ; Wall. Cat. 4922; DC. Prodr. iv.
264. Panax tomentosum, DC. Prodr. iv. 254. — Araliad sp. ±3, Herb. Ind. Or.
H.f. 8f T.

Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6000-11,000 ft. ; from KiiMAONto Bhotan, frequent.

A tree, 60 ft. Leaflets often 10 by 2 \ in., rugose above from the impressed
nerves, lanceolate or oblanceolate, acuminate ; petiolules rarely more than 1 in. ;
leaflets from young trees often distantly lobed or serrate. Panicle 12-15 in., stel-
late-tomentose ; bracts very shortly ovate, somewhat persistent; pedicels £-§ in. —
Seeman has applied the name H. tomentosum to a different Malayan plant : hence the
new name H. impressum.

2. K. hypoleucum, Kurz For. Fl. i. 539 ; leaflets with scattered lax
stellate wool or glaucous beneath glabrous and not rugose above, petals covered
with dense stellate wool. — Araliad sp. 15, Herb. Ind. Or. II. f. cj T.

Khasia Mrs., alt. 4000-6000 ft. frequent ; Griffith, H. f. $ T., C. B. Clarke..
Martaban, alt. 6000 ft. ; Kurz.

A small branched tree. Leaflets 4-8 by l£-3£ in., those even from leaves next
the panicle polymorphous, oblong or ovate, acute, quite entire or serrulate or lobed or
irregularly pinnatifid, the stellate wool beneath deciduous, leaving a glaucous surface ;
petiolules ^-3 in. Panicle often 12-15 in., lower branches often elongate with seve-
ral umbels, stellately woolly ; bracts shortly ovate, somewhat persistent ; pedicels
^-f in. — Closely allied to the preceding. From Mr. Kurz's description it would seem
that the rarer Khasian form with perfectly glabrous glaucous leaves, is the only
Burman one.

3. K. elatum, C. B. Clarke ; leaflets near the panicle nearly entire-
oblong lanceolate glabrous not rugose above, petals glabrous or sparingly stel-
late woolly. Hedera elata, Ham. in Don Prodr. 187; DC. Prodr. iv. 264;.
Wall. Cat. 4914. Agalma elatum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 25. — Araliad sp. 6, Herb.
Ind. Or.f. 8f T.

Kumaon to Bhotan, alt. 5000-7000 ft., not uncommon ; Wallich, &c.

A tree 30-40 ft. Leaflets 4-7 by 1-2^ in., broadest below the middle, in young
trees but sparingly toothed or lobed; petiolules often 1-2 in. Panicle 12-18 in.,
lower branches usually compound; bracts very short, ovate, auriculate; pedicels
^-f in., glabrous pubescent or stellately woolly ; buds usually glabrous.

Vak. Griffithii ; pedicels very woolly, young petals more pubescent. Heptapleu-
rum glaucum, Kurz For. Fl. i. 538. Agalma Griffithii. Seem. Rev. Heder. 25. —
Bhotan ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2698 and E. I. C. No. 2064). Burma ; Marta-
ban, alt. 5000-7000 ft. ; Kurz ; Moolee Mt., Parish.

4. K. glaucum, C. B. Clarke (not of Kurz) ; leaflets near the panicle
nearly entire glabrous obovate-lanceolate with impressed nerve* above, petals
with minute white stellate tomentum. Agalma glaucum, Seem. Rev. Heder.
25.— Araliad sp. 14, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. $ T.

Khasia Mts., alt. 4000-6000 ft. ; H.f. $ T„ C. B. Clarke. East Bengal -r
Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2660).

A small tree. Leaflets 6 by 2 in., broadest above the middle, the tertiary nerves
impressed above but less deeply than in H. impressum, leaflets of young plants with

Heptapleurwm.'] lxxi. aealiace^. (C. B. Clarke.) 729>

remote serratures or shallow lobes ; petiolules 1 in. Panicle much as in H. datum,
nearly glabrous or more or less pubescent or stellately woolly.

5. XX. rostratum, Bedel. Fl. Sylv. ii. p. 122 ; leaflets glabrous lanceo-
late or elliptic narrowed at both ends coriaceous, tertiary nerves obscure above,
petals glabrous or nearly so. Hedera rostrata, Wight Ic. t. 1013. Agalma
rostratum, Seem. Rev. Heeler. 25.

Nllghthis ; Wight ; Gardner, alt. 7000 ft. ; C. B. Clarke. (The Sikkim locality
given by Seeman is an error.)

A small branched tree. Leaflets 4| by 1^-2 in., entire or denticulate; petiolules
f-1 in. Panicle 8 in., branches often bearing one umbel each only ; bracts shortly
ovate, persistent ; pedicels ^— f in., glabrous or stellately pubescent, springing from
a dense tuft of permanent bracteoles.

Var. micrantha ; flowers and fruit smaller, pedicels and bracteoles glabrous. —
Sisparah, Nilghiri Mts., Wight.

ft Pedicels usually racemed,

6. K. racemosum, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 214 ; leaflets glabrous entire nar-
rowed at both ends, pedicels glabrous or often rusty stellately woolly. Hedera
racernosa, Wight Ic. t. 1015 ; Thwaites Enum. 132. Agalma racemosum, Seem..
Rev. Heder. 24.

Nilghihis; Gardner; Canoor, alt. 6000 ft., Wight. Anamaliay Mts. alt.
3000-5000 ft. ; Beddcme. Ceylon, alt. 3000-5000 ft. ; Thwaites.

A large tree. Leaflets 6 by 2| in., elliptic or lanceolate, subobtuse or cuspidate,,
coriaceous, tertiary nerves above obscure; petiolules often 1-1 ^ in. Panicle
6-12 in., the ends of the branches bracts and pedicels rusty pubescent while young ;
bracts shortly ovate, persistent ; pedicels ^ in. Flowers at first often umbelled, the-
fruits usually distinctly racemed. — Closely allied to the preceding species : some of
Thwaites' specimens are not racemed at all, even in fruit.

Subgen. II. Eu-Heptapleurum. Styles short, not connate into a
narrow cylindric column.

* Leaves 1- (rarely 1-3-) foliolate.

7. H. einarg inatum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 44; leaves cuneate-oblong
emarginate. panicles 1-2 in., umbels 2-5-flowered. Hedera emarginata, Moon
Cat. PI. Ceylon ; Thwaites Enum. 132.

Ceylon, up to 4000 ft. ; Walker, Thwaites.

A climbing glabrous shrub. Leaflets f-1 5- by f-f in., narrowed at the base, sub-
sessile, broadest at the very summit and there distinctly emarginate or 2-lobed,
nervee on both surfaces raised. Pedicels \ in., spreading ; bracts 0 or early fugacious.
Flowers very small, white tinged red ( Thwaites).

** Leaves simply digitate ; leaflets usually 5-7.

t Reticulating nerves prominent on the upper surface of the leaflets.

8. K. venule- sum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 44; leaflets oblong or elliptic-
acute usually oroadest below the middle. Brand. For. Fl. 249 ; Kurz For. FL
i. 538. H. ellipticiun, Seem. Heder. 43. Paratropia venulosa, W. fy A. Prodr.
377; Wight III. t. 118. P. elliptica and macrantha, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. u
756. Hedera venosa, Wall. Cat. 4923. H. terebinthacea, Wall. Cat. 4920
partly. Aralia digitata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 22, Fl. Ind. ii. 107. Sciadophyllum
ellipticum, Blume Bijd. 878; DC. Prodr. iv. 260.— Rheede Hort. Mai. vii.
t. 28. Araliad sp. 18, Hob. Ind. Or. H.f. $ T.

730 lxxi. araliacej:. (C. B. Clarke.) [Heptapleurum.

Throughout tropical and subtropical India, from the North-west Himalaya to
the South Deccan and Singapore. — Distrib. Malaya and Tropical Australia.

A small glabrous tree or climbing shrub. Leaflets 4 by 2 in., glabrous, entire,
acuminate, base subacute or rounded ; petiolules 1 in. or larger. Panicle small or
large; lateral branches sometimes 10 in., compound; bracts caducous, large, ovate,
hairy in the young panicle; branchlets and pedicels glabrous or pubescent; pedicels
^-\ in. Buds varying in size, and the disc after flowering is very prominent or not.
— The panicle branches become more delicate and the buds smaller in Burma, where
the plant is exactly Paratropia elliptica, Miq. ; while at Malacca the form collected
by Dr. Maingay (No. 680) is P. micrantha, Miq.

Var. macrophylla, Wall. Cat. 4918 (sp.) ; leaflets 6-8 in. — Amherst; Wallich.

9. H. stellatum, Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 472, t. 178; leaflets obovate ob-
tuse. Seem. Rev. Heder. 45. Hedera obovata, Wight Ic. t. 1011. H. Vahlii,
Thwaites Enum. 132. H. terebinthacea, Vahl Symb. iii. 42 ; DC. Prodr. iv.
265; Wall. Cat. 4&20 partly. Paratropia terebinthacea, Am. Pugill. 20.

South Deccan Peninsula ; near Coimbatore, Wight. Nilghiri Mts., Hohenacker
No. 1472. Ceylon, abundant up to 3000 ft. alt. ; Thwaites.

Altogether resembles H. venulosum except as to the obtuse obovate leaflets, and
may be merely a South Indian and Ceylon form of it.

10. K. subulatum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 42; leaflets often 4-3 more
rarely 5 oblong or elliptic acuminate, panicles linear. Paratropia subulata,
Miq. in Ann. Must. Lugd. Bat. i. 22.

Pinang and Malacca ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2690); Maingay, No. 681. —
Distrib. Sumatra.

Branchlets glabrous. Leaflets 5^ by 2£ in., narrowed at both ends, glabrous or
rarely with scattered stellate woolly hairs beneath, entire or with a few teeth. Panicle
in flower 10 by 1 in., in fruit nearly 3 in. broad, when young with scattered white
stellate wool; bracts \ in., lanceolate, stellately white woolly, soon deciduous;
branches usually very short, sometimes 1 in. ; pedicels J-£ in,, always stellately to-
mentose when young. Fruit pentagonal, disc large, prominent. — May this be a state
of H. heterophyllum?.

ft Leaves coriaceous, tei'tiary nerves not prominent above.

11. K. Wallichianum, C. B. Clarice (not of Seemann) ; pedicels £-£ in.
glabrous, buds £ in. broad. H. exaltatum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 44. Paratropia
Wallichiana, W. fy A. Prodr. 377. Hedera exaltata, Thwaites Enum. 44. H.
Wallichiana, JDalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 108. -Araliad sp. 19, Herb. Ind. Or.
H.f.SfT.

Socth Deccan Peninsula; Kurg, Wight. Nilghiris, alt. 4000-6000 ft., near
Canoor, C. B. Clarke. Ceylon, alt. 4000-6000 ft. ; Thwaites.

A large glabrous tree. Leaflets 5-10 by 2£-4 in., oblong or elliptic, acute, rounded
at the base, very leathery. Panicle oblong, about 12 by 3 in. ; buds glabrous, unusually
large. Fruit crowned by the much enlarged pentagonal disc.

12. H. khasianum, C. B. Clarke ; pedicels \ in. stellately tomentose
when young, buds ~ in. broad. H. Wallichianum, Seem. Rev. ^Heder. 44. —
Araliad sp. 20, Herb. Ind. Or. Hf. $ T.

Bhotan, Mishmee; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2694). Khasia Mts., alt. 3000-
6000 ft. ; H. f. $T.; C. B. Clarke.

Leaflets attain 11 by 3 in., usually much smaller, narrow-oblong or lanceolate,
acuminate, glabrous, the base sometimes almost rounded, very coriaceous, entire ; pe-
tiolules often l£ in. Panicle with white stellate tomentum on the branches pedicels
and backs of the petals, ofcen a foot long in fruit ; 1 jwer branches elongate, ascend-

Heptapleurum.'] lxxi. araliacej:. (C. B. Clarke.) 731

ing, compound; bracts \ in., oblong, acuminate, caducous; pedicels £ in. in fruit.
Fruit globose, hardly pentagonal, disc depressed conical, not pentagonal.

13. XX. Cephalotes, C. B. Clarke ; panicle pubescent, flowers sessile,
bracts deciduous. II. capitatum, Seem. Heder. 45 partly.

Malacca ; Griffith (No. 2700 Kew Distrib.).

Apparently a large tree. Leaflets 14 by4| in., oblong-elliptic, acuminate, rounded
or little narrowed at the base, coriaceous, e*ntire, shining, glabrous above, with scat-
tered loose woolly hairs that easily wear off beneath ; petiolules 3-4 in., stout. Pani-
cle 1 5 in. with stellate pubescence from the base. Heads of fruit globose, close
packed without bracteoles. Fruit much longer than broad, 5-8-ribbed, stellately
white-tomentose, crowned by the broad short cluster of styles ; disc enlarged, some-
what corky.— Very unlike Paratropia capitata W. & A. (a Brassaia), with which,
regardless of geography, Dr. Seeman united it.

*** Leaves twice digitate or digitately decompound.

14. XZ. heterophyllum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 42 ; leaves twice digitate,
panicle narrowly oblong or linear stellately white-pubescent. Hedera hetero-
j^hylla, Wall. Cat. 4919 ; G. Don. Gen. Syst. iii. 394. Paratropia heterophylla,
Presl Bpimel. Bot. 250 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 761.

Pinang ; Wallich. — Disteib. Java.

Branchlets glabrous. Leaves digitately 3-4-petioluled, each petiolule bearing
3-4 rarely 5 leaflets ; leaflets 4-5 by 1-3 in., oblong or elliptic, acuminate, rounded
or somewhat acute at the base, glabrous, entire, membranous ; tertiary nerves promi-
nent above, secondary petiolules much varying in length from |— 1J in. at the same
cluster. Panicle 8-12 by 1-3 in., branches slender, little compound ; bracts £ in.,
ovate-oblong, stellately white tomentose, caducous or sometimes persistent. Flowers
small. Fruit pentagonal.

15. K. biternatum, C. B. Clarke; leaves digitately decompound or
twice pinnate with ternate leaflets at each node of the rhachis.

Malacca ; Maingay No. 684.

A small tree; trunk about 3 it. {Maingay). Leaflets 5 by f in., linear-oblong,
acuminate, unequal subacute at the base, entire, the reticulating nerves prominent on
both surfaces, with scattered stellate hairs (easily wearing off) beneath ; petiolules
0— jlg in. Panicle 8 by 1^ in., branches hardly divided, with scattered stellate hairs ;
bracts deciduous ; pedicels less than \ in. Flowers small, altogether of a Eu-Hepta-
pleurum. — May prove a form of H. heterophyllum.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

Hedera mollis ; "Wall. Cat. 4924 ; the example consists of leaves only ; it may be
Heptapleurum Cephalotes above.

8. TREVESZA, Vis.

Shrubs or small trees, prickly or unarmed, glabrous or stellate-hairy.
Leaves palmate or digitate ; petioles often united by a wing at their base ; sti-
pules united within the petiole or obsolete. Flowers polygamous, large for the
Order ; umbels panicled •, pedicels not jointed under the flower; bracts small
or 0. Calyx-margin entire or toothed. Petals 8-12, valvate, somewhat
thick, often cohering as a cap in the fertile flowers. Stamens as many as the
petals. Ovary with as many cells as the petals ; styles united into a small boss
or short column. Fruit ovoid, large for the Order. Seeds compressed ; albu-
men uniform. — Disteib. Species 8; inhabiting Eastern India, Malaya and
Polynesia.

732 lxxi. araliacej:. (C. B. Clarke.) [Trevesia.

Hardly separable from Heptapleurum by the larger flower and fruit, and the
usually more numerous carpels.

1. T. palmata, Vis. in Mem. Acad. Torino, ser. 2, iv. 262, with Jig. ;
leaves large palmate or digitate nearly glabrous, lobes serrate or again lobed,
petiolules connected at base by a serrate or lobed wing. Seem. Rev. Heder. 77 ;
Kurz For. Fl. i. 539. Gastonia palmata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33, Fl. Ind. ii.
407; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 894. Gilibertia palmata, DC. Prodr. iv. 256.
Hedera ferruginea and palmata, Wall. Cat. 4909 and 4910 partly. Brassaiopsis
confluens, Seem. Rev. Hed. 18 (as to the leaves). — Araliad sp. 30 and 31, Herb.
Ind. Or. H.f. 8f T.

From Nipal and SmxiMto Pegu, alt. 1000-5000 ft., frequent.

A small tree 10-15 ft., the shoots with reddish hair and many prickles.
Leaves 1-2 ft., adult glabrous or with scattered stellate hairs on both surfaces
deeply palmate, in young plants often digitate ; petiole often prickly. Panicles 18 in.,
straggling, young with red-brown tomentum ; bracts 1 in., oblong, usually deciduous •
pedicels 1-H in. Buds exceeding \ in. diam. Fruit | by \ in., ovoid, glabrate, ribs
not prominent, crowned by the stout style.

Vae. 1. insignis, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. i. 220 (sp.); leaves very large,
segments lobed or subpinnatifid. Khasia Mts.; Griffith No. 2664 (Kew Distrib.).

Vae. 2. cheirantha ; leaves palmate nearly glabrous, lobes serrate, petiolules when
present with entire wing. Hedera ? Aralia, Jack in Wall. Cat. 4925. Chittagong,
alt. 0-1000 ft.; Hf. $ T. Pinang and Malay Peninsula, Porter, Sir W. Norris;
Wall. Cat. 4910 partly. Malacca, Griffith (No. 2661 Kew Distrib.).— Distrib..
Philippines. — These are the examples (leaves only) referred in Gen. PL i. 943 to
T. sundaica, Eegel (G-artenfl. 1864, t. 438, not of Miquel). In T. palmata the young
plants only, and only occasionally, produce digitate leaves ; and such are often only
imperfectly digitate, the central leaflets being frequently petioluled the lateral
leaflets continuous. There may be more than one species- of Trevesia here included,
but no species can be founded on imperfectly digitate leaves. One sheet of Wall.
Cat. 4910, marked Hedera confluens, consists of the fruit of Brassaiopsis (probably
B. Hainla) mixed with leaves of Trevesia and constitutes the Brassaiojisis confluens,.
Seem. Kev. Heder. 18.

9. BRASSAIA, Endl.

Unarmed glabrous trees. Leaves digitate; leaflets large, leathery, entire;
stipules united within the petiole. Panicle stout, long, branches mostly un-
divided ; umbels contracted into heads ; each flower surrounded by 4 ovate
bracteoles, as long as the ovary and united below into a tube. Calyx-margin
entire or nearly so. Petals 6-18, valvate, thick. Stamens as many as the petals.
Ovary cells as many as the petals ; styles very short, scarcely united as a short
cone. Fruit obconic and ribbed below, hemispheric above. Seed compressed ;
albumen uniform. — Distrib. Species 2, extending from the Deccan Peninsula
to Northern Australia.

Separated from Heptapleurum Cephalotes by the floral bracteoles.

1. B. capitata, C. B. Clarke ; bracts at the base of the panicle-branches
ovate short very persistent, petals and carpels 6-10. Heptapleurum capitatum,
Seem. Rev. Heder. 45 partly. Paratropia capitata, W. fy A. Prodr. 378.

Nilghebry Mts., Kotagherry and Vellyengry Hill ; Wight.

Leaflets 6-8, 6 by 2£ in., elliptic-oblong subacute, somewhat rounded at the base,
very coriaceous, entire ; petiolules 2 in., very stout. Panicle 16 by 3-4 in., branches
very stout. — Doubtfully separable from B. actinophylla, Endl. (see Benth. Fl. Austral.
iii. 385) by its persistent bracts, less numerous flower-parts. Wight's examples are
very good, but the species seems rare, as Col. Beddome has never met with it.

Dendropanax.] lxxi. aealiace^}. (C. B. Clarke.) 733

10. DENDROPANAX, Bene. 8? Planch.

Trees or shrubs, glabrous, unarmed. Leaves simple, entire, on young shoots
polymorphous, palmately 3-5-lobed ; stipules small, scarcely united within the
petiole. Umbels solitary or in small panicles ; bracts small or 0 ; pedicels not
jointed under the flower. Calyx-margin entire or 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate,
somewhat thick. Stamens 5. ( Ovary 5-celled ; styles united into a column at
the base, their summits (in the Indian species) spreading. Fruit globose or
ellipsoid, distinctly or obscurely 5-ribbed. Seeds compressed ; albumen uniform.
— Distkib. Species 20, mostly tropical American ; four species in China, Japan,
and E. India.

1. D. japonicum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 27 ; leaves densely glandular,
fruit ellipsoid much longer than broad distinctly ribbed. Hedera japonica,
Jungh. in Walp. Rep. ii. 431 (ex Seem.). — Araliad sp. 34, Herb. Ind. Or.
H.f.SfT.

Khasia Mts„ alt. 4000-5000 ft.; H. f.$ T.; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2681,
2679). — Distrib. Japan.

Appears to be an erect shrub or very small tree. Leaves (those near the umbels)
4 by 2-3 in., oblong or elliptic, acute, entire, 1-3-5-nerved from the base ; petiole
5-2 in. ; polymorphous leaves on young shoots sometimes 8 in. diam., deeply 3-5-
palmated ; segments narrowly lanceolate, often remotely and minutely toothed ;
petiole 6-8 in. Umbels solitary or 2-3, panicled ; pedicels ^ in. Fruit f by | in.,
somewhat pentagonal.

2. D. parviflorum, JSenth. Fl. Hongk. 137; leaves not densely glan-
dular usually 3-nerved at the base oblong or elliptic acute, fruits subglobose
obscurely ribbed. Seem. Rev. Heder. 27. Hedera parviflora, Champ, in Hook.
Kew Journ. Bot. iv. 122.

Mount Ophir, Malacca ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2685) ; Maingay, No. 682. —
Distbib. Hongkong.

Apparently an erect shrub. Leaves 3^ by 2\ in., entire or very obscurely toothed,
glands not visible on the young leaves even; petiole |-1^ in. Umbels mostly
solitary ; pedicels £ in. Fruit \ in. diam. — The branchlets from Mount Ophir have
all entire leaves as they carry umbels ; the Hongkong young shoots have polymor-
phous palmate leaves. D.proteum, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 136, has the upper leaves very
narrowly lanceolar, mostly 1 -nerved from the base, but is perhaps only a variety of
the present species.

11. ARTKROPHYLLUM, Plume.

Shrubs or small trees, unarmed. Leaves glabrous or nearly so, lower
usually alternate and compoundly pinnate, uppermost opposite and simple,
intermediate 3-foliolate ; leaflets easily separable from the rhachis ; stipules
united within the petiole. Peduncles mostly forming a terminal umbel, each
ending in a simple (or slightly compound) umbel of flowers ; bracts very small ;
pedicels not jointed under the flower. Calyx-teeth 5, small. Petals 5, valvate.
Stamens 5. Ovary 1-celled 1-ovuled ; style short, simple. Fruit (in the
Indian species) ovoid, not angular. Seed subglobose ; albumen ruminated. —
Distkib. Species 3, Malayan.

1. A. diversirolium, Plume Bijd. 879; leaves near the umbels usually
all simple, leaflets subobtuse or shortly acuminate. DC. Prodr. iv. 2Q6 ;

734 lxxi. ARALIACE2E. (C. B. Clarke.) [Arthrophyllum.

Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 767. A. javanicum, Blume Bijd. 879; DC. I.e.;
Kurz For. Fl. i. 540. A. ellipticum, Blume and DC. II. c. A. Blmneanum^
Zoll. 8f Mor. Verz. 41 ; Miq. 1. c. i. 768. A. ovalifolium, Jungh. 8f Be Vriese in
Miq. I.e. t. 14. Panax polycarpum, Wall. Cat. 4930. P. Jackianum, Wall.
Cat. 4931. Hedera Jackiana, G. Don Gen. Syst. iii. 394. H. ? ovata, Wall.
Cat. 4911. Eupteron sp. no v. Kurz Andean. Rep. Suppl. B 9.

South Andaman, Kurz. Pinang, Phillips. Malacca, Griffith, &c. — Disteib.
Throughout Malaya.

Lower leaves a yard across, decompound-pinnate, with pairs of opposite leaflets at
the divisions of the main rhachis, upper smaller simply pinnate, uppermost 1-3-folio-
late ; leaflets 3 by l£ in., oblong or elliptic, glabrous, entire, reticulations distinct ;
petiolule 0-g in. Peduncles 2 in., stout, many in the umbel, with very small acute
scattered bracts or naked ; pedicels \ in., quite glabrous even when young, or with
more or less rusty stellate wool. Fruit \ by - in.

2. A . pinnatum, C. B. Clarke ; uppermost leaves usually 3-foliolate or
pinnate, leaflets much acuminate often obtusely. Panax pinnatum, Lamk.
Diet. ii. 715; DC. Prodr. iv. 254; Wall. Cat. 9057. P. secimda, Schultz Syst.
vi. 215. Nothopanax ? pinnatum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 766. — Humph.
Amb. iv. t. 32.

Pinang ; Wallich, Maingay, No. 679. Malay Peninsula, Griffith, Maingay, No.
677-— Distrir. Malay Islands.

Leaves pinnate and 2- pinnate, leaflets sometimes ternate ; uppermost often pinnate
with 5-17 leaflets, but sometimes with only 3-1 leaflets; leaflets varying greatly in
size on the same branchlet, much narrowed to both ends, reticulations obscure,
glabrous, entire ; petiolule 0-^ in. Peduncles usually much fewer than in A. diversi-
folium and evidently only pseudo-terminal ; pedicels glabrous or with rusty stellate
wool. Flowers yellow (Maingay) and fruits nearly as in A. diver sifolium. — The fruits
are said by Miquel to be sometimes 2-seeded, but all the Kew examples are 1-seeded.
Both Kumphius and Maingay note two forms of this plant, which are, however, con-
nected by a series of intermediates :

Var. latifolia, Humph I.e.; leaflets few 4 by \\ in. A. pinnatum, Maingay MS.,
No. 679.

Var. angusti folia,, Kumph I.e.; leaflets many \\ by ^ in. A. alternifolium, Main-
gay MS., No. 677.

12. HETEROPANAX, Seem.

A small unarmed tree. Leaves glabrous or nearly so, very large, pinnately
decompound ; stipules not prominent. Panicles large ; umbels racemed, more
or less stellate-hairy ; bracts small, ovate, obtuse, persistent; pedicels not jointed
under the flower. Flowers polygamous, the terminal umbel of each panicle-
branch usually alone fruiting. Calyx-margin nearly entire. Petals 5, valvate.
Stamens 5. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, distinct from the base, spreading. Fruit
much laterally compressed, 2-seeded. Seeds compressed ; albumen ruminated.
— Distkib. Species 1 or 2 ; Western Himalaya, Java, China.

1. XI. fragrans, Seem. Rev. Heder. 73 ; leaves often a yard across with
pairs of opposite leaflets at the nodes of the rhachis. Brand. For. Fl. 249 ;
Kurz For. Fl. i. 541. Panax fragrans, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 21, Fl. Ind. ii. 76 ;
Wall. Cat. 4929 : DC. Prodr. iv. 254, excl. syn. of Don.— Araliad sp. 47, Herb.
Ind. Or.H.f.fy T.

From the Sewalik Hills to Burma, alt. 0-4000 ft.; common in Bengal. —
Distrib. Java, China.

Heteropanax.} lxxt. ARALiACEiE. (C. B. Clarke.) 735

Leaflets 3^ by If in., elliptic, shortly acuminate, little narrowed at the base,
glabrous, entire, nerves not very prominent; petiolules 0-£ in. Panicle often 12-16
in., branches 4—8 in.; umbels dense subcapitate in flower; pedicels in fruit elongating
to j in. and more. Fruit £ by ^ in. and ^ in. thick, ultimately glabrous and often
glaucous.

Vae. 1 . typica ; leaflets elliptic shortly acuminate, base slightly narrowed.

Var. 2. subcordata; leaflets ovate shortly acuminate, base rounded or even
cordate.

Vab. 3. attenuata; leaflets 4£ by l\ in., attenuate acuminate, much narrowed at
base. — Bengal Plain. China. — This may be a distinct species.

13. BRASSAIOPSIS, Bene. 8f Planch.

Large shrubs or trees, glabrous or tomentose, armed or not. Leaves digitate
or palmate or angled; stipules connate within the petiole, not prominent.
Umbels in large compound panicles, young parts at least stellately tomentose ;
bracts not large, often persistent ; pedicels rising from a dense cluster of per-
sistent bracteoles, not jointed under the flower; flowers often polygamous.
Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5. Ovary 2-celled; styles 2,
united, long or short. Fruit broadly globose or turbinate, 2- or by abortion
1-seeded. Seed not compressed; albumen ruminated. — Distrib. Species 10,
from Nipal to Java.

* Leaves undivided.

1. B. simplicifolia, C. B. Clarke) upper leaves simple lanceolate
serrate, adult glabrous.

Mishmee; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2699).

Branchlets prickly, glabrous or with a little hard close tomentum. Leaves near
the panicle alone seen (the lower may be divided) 9 by 3£ in., acute, subacute at the
base, sharply serrated, membranous, nerves much elevated; petiole 1J in. ; stipules
not prominent. Young panicle 5 in., nearly glabrous, branches slightly compound ;
bracts \ in., lanceolate ; pedicels \ in. with scattered stellate hairs, rising from a
dense tuft of bracteoles. — Marked by Seemann as new genus, with a note that the
petals are imbricate. They are, however, valvate, and it is clearly a Brassaiopsis.

2. B. Kainla, Seem. Rev. Heder. 18, partly, leaves divided less than
half-way down into triangular cuspidate segments, fruit broadly orbicular.
Brassaiopsis confluens, Seem. Rev. Hed. 18 (as to the fruit). Hedera Hainla,
Ham. in Don Pi'odr. 187 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 253. Panax curcifolia, Griff. Ltin.
Notes, 145.— Araliad sp. 28, Herb. Incl. Or. H.f. $ T.

Temperate Himalaya, alt. 3000-6000 ft., from Nipax to Bhotan ; Griffith (Kew
Distrib. No. 2668); J. B. H.- C. B. Clarke.

A small tree, the ends of the branches prickly, young parts stellately tomentose.
Leaves 4-9 in. diam., truncate or cordate at the base, subspinose-toothed, finally
glabrous above and nearly so beneath the hispidulous or stellate hairs distantly
scattered. Bracts to the panicle- branches ovate, short, densely stellate-tomentose,
persistent. Buds densely stellate-tomentose. Pedicels |-| in., rising from a dense
cluster of bracteoles | in. oblong and very tomentose. Fruit \ by \ in., globose, sub-
didymous. . Style \ in. on the fruit.

3. B. palm at a, Kurz For. Fl. i. 537 ; leaves palmate divided about half-
way down into oblong acute segments, fruit ellipsoid or turbinate, longer than
broad. Panax palmatum, Roxb Hort. Beng. 21, Fl. Ind. ii. 74. Araliopsis
andamanica, Kurz in Andaman Rep. App. B. 9. Hedera polvacantha. Wall.
PI. As. Rar. t. 190.— Araliad sp. 33, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. $ T.

736 lxxi. araliacej:. (C. B. Clarke.) [Brassaiopsis.

Nipal ; Wallich. Sikkim Terai ; J. D. H. Subtropical zone of East Bengal
and Burma. Chittagong ; Roxburgh, J. D. H. Burma ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No.
2663). South Andaman ; Kurz.

Closely resembles B. Hainla ; sparingly prickly. Pedicels springing from a dense
cluster of bracteoles | in., oblong and very tomentose. Fruit often 1-seeded, when
2 -seeded it is £ by f in., turbinate-ellipsoid. Style on the fruit | in. or rather more.
— Wallich's plate belongs to this plant, as he mentions the fruit as turbinate (as
also does Roxburgh). Aralia palmata, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 187, doubtfully referred
here by Seeman, is an Acanthopanax.

4. B. alpina, C. B. Clarke ; leaves cordate-ovate acute or slightly 3-5-
ouspidate densely stellate-tomentose, bracts to the panicle-branches lanceolate.
— Araliad sp. 27, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. § T.

Alpine Sikkim, alt. 10,000-11,000 ft.; Tonglo and Lachen, J. D. H
An unarmed tree, 30 ft.; young branches densely villous and tomentose with
yellow or brown stellate hair. Leaves 4-5 in. and nearly as wide, softly serrate,
membranous, thickly tomentose on both surfaces when young, when older the
scattered stellate hairs- wear off, but much remains on both surfaces. Panicle (very
young) densely tomentose ; buds completely enclosed in thick stellate wool ; bracts at
the base of the panicle-branches |- in., very narrow. — Can this be a woolly alpine
form of B. Hainla ?

5. B. hispida, Seem. Rev. Heder. 18; stem panicle and petioles prickly,
leaves deeply palmate spinosely serrate, reticulating nerves beneath much raised
and ultimately nearly glabrous — Araliad sp. 30, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. fy T.
partly.

Sikkim, alt. 6000-7000 ft. ; J. D. H. Mishmee ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2696).

Yellowish when dried; prickles numerous and often whorled, lanceolate, com-
pressed, deflexed. Leaves 1 ft. diam. and more, segments oblong-lanceolate narrower
towards the base, coriaceous, lower surface glabrous or sparingly hispidulous ;
stipules united within the petiole with two free linear points. Panicle very large ;
bracts to the branches f in., lanceolate, tomentose, persistent ; pedicels very many,
rising amid numerous bracteoles \-l in. lanceolate closely tomentose. Young calyx-
tube closely densely stellate-tomentose. Petals glabrous, appear yellow. Style after
the petals have fallen scarcely ~ in. Fruit not seen.

6. B. mitis, C. B. Clarke; branches prickly, leaves deeply palmate
softly serrate, the reticulating nerves scarcely raised beneath ultimately pubes-
cent or hispidulous. — Araliad sp. 29, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. fy T.

Sikkim, alt. 4000-8000 ft., not rare ; J. D. H., C. B. Clarke, N. Gamble.

An erect small tree, 20 ft., the panicle and petioles usually without prickles.
Leaves 1 ft. diam. and more ; segments oblong-lanceolate, narrowed towards the base,
membranous, adult beneath softly hairy and not shining ; stipules large, lanceolate-
subulate, nearly distinct. Panicle very large, often with dense bundles of bristles on
the rachis and at the top of the petiole ; bracts on the branches f in., lanceolate,
caducous; pedicels very many, arising amid numerous lanceolate closely-tomentose
bracteoles £- 1 in. Young calyx-tube more or less stellate-tomentoso. Petals glabrous.
Style after the petals have fallen \ in. ; the disc large, subhemispheric. Ripe fruit
not seen.

7. B. Griffithii, C. B. Clarke ; leaves very large palmate divided half-
way down or more serrate-denticulate, adult glabrous or the nerves beneath
minutely hispidulous.

East Bengal; Namroo (? Upper Assam), Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2697).
No prickles seen on the end of the branchlets nor elsewhere. Leaves 16 in. diam. ;
lobes oblong or elliptic, acuminate, tertiary nerves prominent on both surfaces.

J3rassaiojpsis.~\ lxxi. araliace.e. (C. B. Clarke). 737

Panicle very large and compound, much more glabrous than in the allied species ;
bracts to the branches short, ovate, persistent; pedicels £ in., very numerous, bracte-
oles at their base minute. Young calyx-tube sparingly stellate-tomentose, limb
distinctly toothed. Disc of the young fruit much elevated ; style scarcely ~ in.
Fruit I in. diam., globose.

** Leaves digitate.

8. B. speciosa, Dene, fy Planch, in Revue Hort. 1854, 106 ; petiolules
long, leaflets lanceolate or elliptic rounded or attenuate at the base entire
crenulate or lightly subserrate, adult glabrous or nearly so beneath. Seem. Rev.
Hede?\ 19. B. floribunda, Seem. Rev. Heder. 19. Hedera floribunda, Wall.
Cat. 4912 ; G. Don Gen. Syst. iii. 394. H. glomerulata, DC. Prodr. iv. 265 ;
Hook. Rot. Mag. t. 4804: Regel in Gartenfl. 1863, t. 411. Aralia glome-
rulata, Rlume Bijd. 872. Macropanax glomerulatuni, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i.
pt. i. 764.— Araliad sp. 9, 10, and 11, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. $ T.

From Nipal and Assam to Chittagong ; alt. 0-5000 ft., frequent. — Distrib.
Java.

A small tree ; upper part of the branches (and sometimes the panicle also)
prickly ; innovations stellately tomentose often rusty reddish brown. Leaflets 4-8 by
1-3 in., when young often with scattered stellate hairs above and some clustered
stellate wool beneath, acuminate, herbaceous, reticulations moderately conspicuous ;
petiolules usually more than 1 in., summit of the petiole without dense clustered
bristles. Panicle large, usually a foot long or more ; bracts at the base of the
branches oblong or lanceolate, persistent; pedicels f in. rising from a dense cluster
of rusty stellately hairy persistent bracteoles | in. Fruit ^ by -| in., didymo-globose,
or 1-seeded and subglobose. — There are many forms of this plant, but these being
large, it is not easy to establish species upon them. In the young fruit the disc is
sometimes very eleA-ated, and the style is long or short, as mentioned by Dene. &
Planchon: the calyx-tube of the young fruit is shortly hemispheric, or more often
long and obconic. These differences appear to depend on the stage of ripening at
which the fruit is gathered.

Var. 1. typica; leaflets 6£ by 2 in. oblong acuminate entire, base not rounded
under surface of the adult glabrous. Wall. Cat. 4912.

Var. 2. subovata; leaflets 7 by 4^ in. ovate or elliptic shortly suddenly acumi-
nate entire or very nearly so base rounded adult glabrous beneath. — Sikkim,
J. D. H.

Var. 3. hirta ; leaflets 5 by 1^ in. lanceolate narrowed to both ends entire mid-
rib beneath when young with needle-like spreading hairs (unlike those of any other
plant in the order). — The leaflets are detached from the panicle, but except as to the
hairs they appear to belong to the species. Cachar, R. L. Keenan.

Var. 4. rufo-stellata ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate from a rounded base somewhat
closely denticulate-serrate in nearly their whole extent with scattered rusty-stellate
hairs above, when young rusty villose pubescent beneath, panicle densely rufous-
stellate tomentose.-- Chiefly from low levels in Cachar, Khasia, and Chittagong.

Var. 5. serrata ; leaflets 7 by 2£ in. elliptic-lanceolate dentate-serrate base sub-
acute, panicle very sparingly stellate-woolly. Darjeeling, Griffith (Kew Distrib. No.
2689).

9. B. XZookeri, C. B. Clarke; petiolules distinct or long, leaflets very
large oblong narrowed at each end serrate, mature more or less stellate- woolly
beneath.— Araliad sp. 12, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. $ T.

Sikkim, alt. 2000-5000 ft.; Yoksun, J. B. H. Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft.;
Nunklow, H.f. # T.

A small prickly tree. Leaflets attaining 18 by 8 in., somewhat leathery, nerves
above subimpressed ; petiolules i- 2 in. Panicle 2 ft., the branches more than a foot
with broad oblong persistent bracts at their base, the young parts densely white
YOL. II. 3 B

738 lxxi. ARALIACE.E. (C. B. Clarke.) [JBrassaiopsis.

stellate-woolly ; pedicels £-f in., stout, rising from numerous persistent bracteoles
| in., less hairy than those of B. floribunda. Young fruit much as in B. floribunda ;
calyx-tube campanulate or obconic ; disc prominently rayed, not greatly elevated ;
style ^ in. — Possibly a large form of B. floribunda.

10. B. aculeata, Seem. Rev. Seder. 19 ; leaflets serrate attenuate at
base subsessile and often enveloped densely by bristles with stellate hairs on
both surfaces when adult. Hedera aculeata, Don Prodr. 187 ; DC. Prodr. iv.
264. H. sesculifolia, Wall. Cat. 4913. Agalma sesculifolium, Seem. Rev.
Heder. 25.

Kumaon; T. Thomson. Nipal; Wallich. Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft., C. B.
Clarke.

A small prickly tree. Leaflets 9 by 2f in., narrowly lanceolate-obovate, acumi-
nate, herbaceous, soft in texture, rusty stellate-tomentose, apex of the petiole very
hispid ; in one example of Dr. Thomson's the digitate leaf is sometimes replaced by a
single entire leaf cordate at base. Panicle large, compound, greatly resembling that
of B. floribunda, young parts stellate rusty- woolly ; bracts at the .base of the branches
ovate, short, persistent ; pedicels ^-f in., springing from a dense cluster of lanceolate
hairy persistent bracteoles J in. Fruit \ in. long and broad, globose, subdidymous ;
disc on the ripe fruit flat ; style \-~ in. — Wallich's Hedera cesculifolia, in the Linnsean
Society's herbarium, and those marked Agalma cesculifolium in the British Museum
by Seemann, are all 2-ovuled, and identical with Brassaiopsis aculeata.

14. ZH A CROP AX AX, Miq.

Unarmed small trees. Leaves digitate, 3-5-foliolate, leaflets entire or
serrate, in the Indian species glabrous; stipules shortly connate within the
petiole or 0. Panicles large, branched ; bracts small, deciduous ; pedicels
jointed under the flowers; flowers umbelled, polygamous. Calyx-teeth 5.
Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5. Ovary 2-celled ; styles united. Fruit ovoid or
subglobose or somewhat elongated upwards, striated or ribbed but hardly an-
gular. Seeds dorsally compressed , albumen ruminated or very rugose. — Dis-
trib. Species 2, Nipal to Java.

1. BZ. oreophilum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 764; leaflets usually
denticulate serrate or crenulate, panicle-branches spreading stellately rusty-
tomentose. Seem. Rev. Seder. 20; Kurz For. Fl. i. 541. M. floribundum,
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 764. Panax serratum, Wall. Cat. 4915 ; DC. Prodr.
iv. 253. Aralia disperma, Blume Bijd. 872. Hedera disperma, DC. Prodr. iv.
265.— Araliad sp. 8, Serb. Ind. Or. S.f. # T.

From Nipal and Assam to Tenasseeim, alt. 500-7000 ft., frequent. — Disteib.
Malaya.

Attains 30 ft. Leaflets 5 by 14 in., lanceolate, acuminate, sometimes longer and
very narrow, sometimes almost elliptic, base narrowed or rounded ; petiolules 1-3
in. Panicle 1 ft., compound; bracts usually deciduous, inconspicuous; pedicels ^ in.,
stout, more or less stellate-hairy, the bracteoles few or deciduous. Fruit \ in.,
ovoid, sometimes elongated upwards ; disc large, conical, often wider than the top
of the fruit, crowned with the permanent style ^-£ in.

2. UK. undulatum, Seem. Rev. Seder. 20 ; leaflets entire or very nearly
so, panicle-branches ascending glabrous. Hedera undulata, Wall. Cat. 4916 ;
G. Don Gen. Syst. iii. 394.— Araliad sp. 5, Serb. Ind. Or. S.f. $ T.

Sikkim, Bhotan, Assam and Khasia, alt. 500-5000 ft., common. Sllhet station.
A , small tree. Leaflets 3-4 by \\ in., lanceolate, acuminate, rarely elliptic-

Macropanax.~] lxxi. akaliacej:. (C. B. Clarke.) 739

lanceolate, entire rarely minutely denticulate, base narrowed often very acute ;
petiolules \-2 in. Panicle 1 ft., compound ; bracts \ in., triangular, caducous ;
pedicels i in., angular, perfectly glabrous; bracteoles 0 or caducous. Fruit as in
M. oreopnilum.

15. HEDERA, Linn.

Shrubs, climbing extensively, or small trees. Leaves simple, lobed or pin-
nate, glabrous ; stipules 0. Floicers polygamous ; umbels panicled ; bracts
very small, pedicels not or very obscurely jointed under the flowers. Calyx-
margin 5-tootbed or sub-entire. Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5. Ovary 5-
celled; styles connate into a column. Fruit globose, almost berried. Seeds
ovoid ; albumen ruminated. — Species 2 ; one in all temperate regions of the
Old World ; the other Australian.

1. K. Helix. Linn.; DC. Prodr. iv. 261; leaves simple, panicle not
elongated. Bern Prodr. 187 ; Wall. Cat. 4908 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey $
Wall. ii. 515 ; Brand. For. Fl. 248.

Throughout the Himalaya alt. 6000-10,000 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 4000-6000 ft. ;
not rare. — Distrib. From W. Europe to Japan.

Stem glabrous climbing adhesively by means of numerous extra-axillary rootlets.
Leaves 3-4 in., varying from linear- lanceolate to cordate-ovate, entire or variously
lobed palmate or subpinnati fid; petiole £-2 in. Panicle often depressed, subcorym-
bose, or shortly ovate, never large compound ; bracts scarcely \ in., triangular ;
pedicels £-f in., stellately hairy ; bracteoles minute or 0. Fruit black, more rarely
yellow or red. — There is no note of red fruit from India ; yellow fruit is not un-
common there.

16. HEDEROPSIS, C. B. Clarke.

A glabrous unarmed tree. Leaves 1-3-foliolate ; leaflets lanceolate, denti-
culate or nearly entire ; base of petiole much dilated ; stipules inconspicuous.
Umbels panicled ; bracts and bracteoles deciduous ; pedicels jointed close under
the flowers. Calyx margined, 5-toothed somewhat prominently. Petals 5,
valvate. Stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled ; styles connate. Fruit berried, large,
subglobose, crowned by the stout persistent style. Seeds 5-4 ; albumen
ruminated.

Differs technically from Hedera in the. jointed pedicels : the serrate leaflets and
large fruit give to it a widely different aspect.

1 X. Maing'ayi, C. B. Clarke.

Malacca ; Maingay, No. 683.

Leaflets of the compound leaves 3| by l£ in., simple leaves attain 8-2- by 4 in.,
membranous, opaque, base subacute, secondary nerves raised tertiary obscure ; petiole
1-2 in. Panicle glabrous or obscurely pubescent ; pedicels |-| in. Young flowers
small, petals expanding, reflexed. Fruit (not quite ripe) more than £ in. exclusive of
the conical disc and stout style. — Dr. Maingay's examples are in fragments ; the size
of the panicle is doubtful, and it is not improbable that some at least of the leaves
may have more than 3 leaflets or may be pinnate.

17. GAIKBX.EA, C. B. Clarke.

A tree. Leaves digitate, 5-3-1 -foliolate ; stipules within the petiole.
Umbels panicled, bracts 0, pedicels continuous. Flowers polygamous. Calyx-
margin minute. Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5. Ovary 3-5-celled ; styles 3-5,

3b2

740 lxxi. araliaceje. (C. B. Clarke.) [Gambled.

combined nearly half their length. Fruit globose, 3-5-celled. Seed not com-
pressed ; albumen lightly ruminated, nearly as in Hedera.

1. Cr. ciliata, C. B. Clarke ; leaflets oblanceolate or if solitary cordate
harshly pilose above margin bristle-ciliate. — Araliad sp. 3, Herb. Ind. Or.
H.f. £ T.

Sixxim; Tonglo, alt. 10,000 ft., J. D. K, Gamble; Jongri, C. B. Clarke.

Unarmed, 30 ft. Leaflets 6£ by 2£ in., acuminate, hairs on both surfaces harsh
in age, or nearly glabrous beneath ; petiolules 0-£ in., densely rusty villose. Umbels
in small panicles; pedicels £-f in., puberulo-pubescent. Fruit |-in. diam., ultimately
glabrous.

18. TUPZDANTHUS, H.f. # T.

A glabrous small tree at first erect, afterwards a lofty climber. Leaves digi-
tate ; leaflets glabrous, leathery, entire ; stipules connate within the petiole.
Umbels in a compound umbel or small panicle ; pedicels thick, not jointed under
the flowers. Calyx-margin obsolete. Petals closely connate, falling off in a
cap. Stamens very many, in two or several series. Ovary cells very nume-
rous ; stigmas very many (90), sessile, radiating, contiguous but not connate.
Fruit globose, depressed (not seen ripe).

1. T. calyptratus, H. f. $ T. in Bot. Mag. t. 4908 ; Seem. Rev.
Heder. 6.

Khasia Mts., alt. 2000-3000 ft.; Borpani, H. f. $ T. East Bengal; Griffith
(Kew Distrib. No. 2701).

Leaflets 7-9, 7 by 1\ in., narrowly oblong, Shortly acuminate, narrowed at the
base; petiolule 2 in. Main umbel about 3-rayed, branches 3 in., very stout with
large ovate sheathing leathery persistent bracts at their base ; partial umbels 5-7-fid ;
pedicels \-\\ in., glabrous, stout. Buds •§ in. diam., nearly globose; calyx-tube
leathery, smooth. Stamens about 50-70, densely packed ; filaments and anthers as in
most of the order but larger. Unripe fruit more than f by 1 in., will be berried.
Seeds numerous, 20-30 at least.

Order LXXII. CORNACE2E. (0. B. Clarke.)

Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or alternate, generally petioled, entire or
occasionally angular lobed or serrate, frequently unequal at the base ; stipules 0.
Flowers usually small, regular, hermaphrodite or unisexual, in axillary or ter-
minal cymes panicles or heads. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary ; limb trun-
cate or 4-5-toothed, persistent. Petals 0 or 4-5 (occasionally indefinite),
epigynous, imbricate or valvate. Stamens inserted with the petals and equal to
them in number, rarely twice or thrice as many. Ovary inferior, 1-4-celled,
crowned by a usually fleshy sometimes inconspicuous disc ; style single, short
or long, stigma capitate or branched ; ovule solitary (very seldom 2-3), pendu-
lous from the apex of the cell. Fruit generally succulent, 1-4-celled, less often
with 2 pyrenes. Seed oblong, pendulous, albumen copious, fleshy; embryo
minute or cotyledons flat leafy nearly as wide as the seed. — Distrib. Species
75, chiefly in the northern hemisphere.

* Flowers hermaphrodite.

f Petals narrow much elongate.

lxxit corniced. (C. B. Clarke.) 741

Stamens twice or thrice the petals. Cotyledons crumpled . . . 1. Alangium.
Stamens equalling the petals in number. Cotyledons flat ... 2. Marlea.

ft Petals short or oblong.

Ovary 2-celled .. 3. Cornus.

Ovary 1-celled 4. Mastixia.

** Flowers unisexual.

' t Leaves opposite.

Petals 4. Stamens 4 .... . 5. Atjcuba.

ft Leaves alternate.

Ovary 1-celled. Flowers in dense heads 6. Nyssa.

Ovary 4- celled. Flowers in large panicles . .7. Toricelua..

1. AX.AXGZX72K, Lamk.

Shrubs or small trees, armed or not. Leaves alternate-, petioled, oblong,
entire, 3-nerved at the base, persistent. Flowers in axillary fascicles or con-
densed cymes, hermaphrodite, silky, white, jointed on the pedicel ; bracts 0.
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, limb 5-10-toothed or truncate. Petals 5-10t
linear-oblong, valvate, then reflexed. Stamens twice as many as the petals or
more, filaments hairy ; anthers very long. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, surmounted
by a disc ; style very long, stigma large, capitate ; ovule pendulous. Fruit a
berry, crowned by the somewhat enlarged calyx-limb. Seed- oblong, albumen
ruminated ; cotyledons leafy, crumpled ; radicle elongate. — Disteib. Species 2 ;
tropical and subtropical Asia and Africa.

The species with stamens equal in number to the petals in which the structure of
the embryo is unknown are here for convenience placed under Marlea ; Sir J. Hooker
{Gen. PL i. 949) has placed them in Alangium, but till the embryo is known their
position must be uncertain.. ,

rowed, fruit ellipsoid quite smooth with slight vertical ribs when dry. Dalz. $
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 109 ; Brand. For. Fl. 250. A. decapetalum, Lamk. Diet. i.
174; DC. Prodr. iii. 203; Wall. Cat. 6884; W. $ A. Prodr. 325; Wight Ic.
t. 194 ; Miq. FL Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 774 ; Kurz For. FL i. 543. A. hexapetalum,.
Lamk. fy DC. lie.; Roxb. Sort. Beng. 38, FL lnd. ii. 502; Wall. Cat. 6883;
W. $ A. Prodr. 326; Wight III. t. 96. A. tomentosum, Lamk. § DC. II. c. ;
Wall. Cat. 6885. A. sundanum, Kurz I. c. A. latifolium, Miq. in PL Hohe-
nack. No. 719.— Rheede Hort. Mal. iv. tt. 17, 26.

Throughout India from the N.W. Himalaya to Ceylon and Tenasserim ; very
common. — Distrib. Malaya and South China to the Philippines. East Africa.

A small tree or rambling shrub, armed or not. Leaves 3-6 by 1-2 in., oblong {A.
decapetalum), or elliptic (A. hexapetalum), acute or subobtuse, the base unequal some-
what rounded, above nearly glabrous with pubescent nerves, beneath with more or
less scattered hair and often with tufts of hairs or hollow glands in the axils of the
primary nerves ; petiole \ in., hairy, often villous or woolly. Flowers in small close
fascicles; peduncles pedicels and calyx-tube usually woolly. Calyx-limb minutely
toothed. Petals 5-10 usually 6-7, |-1£ in. woolly without. Stamens about 20-30.
Style glabrous, uniformly cylindrie, stigma large subglobose. Fruit f by f in., black,
closely pubescent or finally glabrous ; endocacp bony. — The examples of A. sundanum

742 lxxii. cornace^. (C. B. Clarke.) [Alangiwm.

communicated by Miquel to the British Museum agree with Mr. Kurz's, which have
the calyx-tube not furrowed, and do not materially differ from A. Lamarckii, but the
examples of A. sundanum at Kew have the calyx-tube (even in the bud) deeply
grooved and appear a distinct species.

Var. glandulosum, Thwaites Enum. 133 (sp.) ; young parts ruddy-furfuraceous,
leaves ovate or oblong rostrate-acuminate, beneath with most minute shining glands
and with glandular pores at the axils of the primary nerves, flowers glandular
sparingly hairy, pedicels and calyces furfuraceous with red glands. — Ceylon, Central
Province, alt. 2000-4000 ft. ; Thwaites. — According to Mr. Thwaites a closely allied
but distinct species. The peduncles, calyx-tube, and petals are much less woolly
than in A. Lamarckii; these and the tender surfaces of the leaves are not (in
Thwaites' No. 381) glandular, but covered with most minute glistening hairs, giving
under a common lens a glandular appearance. A. glandulosum thus has much shorter
hairs than the ordinary forms of A. Lamarckii, while some examples of A. Lamarckii
have the under surface of the leaves glabrous or very nearly so.

2. MARLEA, Roxb.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, petioled, orbicular or oblong from an
oblique base. Flowers in axillary contracted cymes, white, jointed on the
pedicel, hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, limb toothed or trun-
cate. Petals 4-8, linear, free or slightly cohering at the base, valvate. Stamens
4-8, filaments attached to the petals slightly at the base and there usually
hairy ; anthers linear. Ovary 1-3-celled or 1-celled at the apex 2-3-celled at
the base, crowned by a disc ; style long, often thicker upwards and pubescent,
stigma simple or lobes 4 linear or sub-clavate ; ovule solitary in each com-
plete or incomplete cell. Berry 1-2-celled, 1-2-seeded. Seed (in M. begonice-
folia and ebenacea) oblong, compressed ; cotyledons orbicular, thin, leafy ;
radicle short — Distrib. Species 8 ; India, to Japan, Malaya, Australia, and
Polynesia.

Sect. I. Fseudalang ium, F. Muell. Ovule 1. Embryo of Marlea.
(Rhytidandra, A. Gray.)

1. 2ft. G-riffithii, C. B. Clarke; leaves oblong acuminate, cymes re-
peatedly divided, flowers numerous and close, style glabrous, stigma simple sub-
globose.

Malacca ; Griffith (No. 3387 Kew Distrib.) ; Maingay No. 708.

A tree (Mainyay); branchlets minutely rusty-pubescent. Leaves b\ by If in.,
very unequal auncled at the base, nearly glabrous or minutely pubescent on the
nerves above, beneath with spreading fulvous hairs on the main nerves and the
surface minutely dotted and with more or less scattered villous hairs ; petiole \ in.,
fulvous, villous. Cyme with minute close fulvous pubescence rather longer and
softer on the calyx-tube ; bracteoles most minute, linear, deciduous. Calyx-tube not
furrowed, limb almost truncate. Petals 5, g in., nearly glabrous. Stamens 5, fila-
ments short with much wool at their summit. Ovule 1.

2. UK. ebenacea, C. B. Clarke ; leaves oblong acuminate, cymes few-
flowered, style hairy, stigma lanceolate grooved. Alangium ebenaceum, Griff,
in Herh.

Malacca; Griffith (No. 3383 Kew Distrib.); Maingay No. 706.

Branches stout, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves 10 by 3 \ in., glabrous, entire,
thick and somewhat coriaceous, base subacute slightly unequal ; petiole |-| in. thick.
Cyme short, 4-8-flowered, minutely fulvous-pubescent. Calyx-tube more softly pubes-
cent, not grooved, limb much dilated, truncate. Petals f-1 in., 6 (sometimes 5),

Marlea.] lxxii. cornace^. (C. B. Clarke.) 743

with minute close tomentum. Stamens 6 or 5, filaments short, woolly. Style
shortly hairy, stigma an elongate quadrangular pyramid ; ovule 1. Fruit f by i-f in.,
nearly glabrous and without ribs, crowned by the short cylindric truncate little-
enlarged limb of the calyx. Seed much compressed, albumen fleshy; cotyledons
orbicular, thin, flat.

3. HE. nobilis, C. B. Clarke. ; leaves elliptic or orbicular, cymes few-
flowered, calyx-tube in the bud deeply grooved.

Malacca ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. Nos. 3384, 3385) ; Maingay^o. 707- Singapore,
Mating ay No. 705.

Branchlets petioles cymes and leaves beneath densely fulvous- villous. Leaves often
8 by 5^ in. (sometimes only half these dimensions), not acuminate, from cordate to
subacute at the base, firm, at length glabrous above ; petiole often | in. Cyme short,
4-8-flowered. Calyx-tube deeply grooved, teeth prominent rising from the angles.
Petals 6-5, f in., much dilated at the base, very villous. Stamens 6-5 ; filaments
short woolly. Style cylindric densely villous, the very apex narrowed, stigma as in
M. ebenacea; ovule 1. Fruit 1 by | in., ellipsoid, compressed, very woolly, with 10
or 12 light vertical ridges, crowned by the incurved calyx-teeth.

4. Ttl. barbata, R. Br. in Wall. Cat. 7129; shaggy with much soft
spreading hair, leaves elliptic or ovate acuminate, cymes many-flowered, style
glabrous apex almost divided into two suhclavate stigmas.

BHOTANand Assam ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 3388). Khasia Mts. ; Wallich.

Leaves 4 by 2^ in., entire, rounded or subcordate at the base, with scattered
golden or brownish hairs on both surfaces especially beneath*;' petiole £-§ in., densely
hairy. Cyme 12-30-flowered with spreading golden hairs. Calyx-tube shaggy, not
grooved, teeth lanceolate. Petals 6-5, ^-\ in., hairy on the back. Filaments short,
hairy. Ovule 1. Fruit § by \ in., ovoid, finally glabrous, slightly striated longitudi-
nally, crowned by the erect calyx-teeth.

Sect. II. Eu-IVIarlea. Ovules 2, rarely 1 or 3. Fruit normally 2-
seeded.

5. Itt. begonitefolia, Roxb. Cor. PL t. 283, Hort. Beng. 28, Fl. Ind.

ii. 261 ; young leaves and innovations villous, mature leaves more glabrous
broad angular lobed or entire, connective hairy or nearly glabrous, style gla-
brous or with scattered hairs. DC. Prodr. iv. 267 ; Bot. Reg. 1838, t. 61 ;
Wall. Cat. 3719 ; Miq. FL Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 744 ; Brand. For. Fl. 251 ;
Kurz For. FL i. 544. M. aflinis, Dene, in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 83. M. tomen-
tosa, Endl. ex Hassk. in Flora 1844, p. 605 ; Miq. L c. 775 ; Kurz I. c. 545.
Diacicarpium tomentosum, Blume Bijd. 657 ; Hasgk. in Bonpland. vii. 173.
D. rotundifolium,.ZZflssA;. I. c. 172. Stylidium chinense, Lour. FL Cochinch. 221.
Styrax javanicum, Blume Bijd. 671 (ex Kurz).

Throughout Northern India, alt. 1000-6000 ft., common from the Punjab to
Bengal and Bukma. — Distrib. China, Japan.

A tree, often small, but attains 60 ft. ; branches horizontal. Leaves 4£ by 3£ in.,
sometimes very large, from orbicular to broad oblong, acuminate, base rounded or
subcordate unequal, not serrate nor denticulate, above glabrous when mature or villous
on the nerves rarely with scattered fulvous hairs on the surface also, mature usually
glabrous beneath with or without tufts of hairs in the axils of the main nerves, which
are puberulous, or closely hairy on the nerves; petiole 1-1 J in., fulvous-hairy or gla-
brous. Cymes 1-3 in., dichotomous, 8-12-flowered, more or less fulvous-hairy ; bracts
inconspicuous. Calyx-tube not grooved ; limb shortly toothed. Petals usually 6-8,
slightly hairy. Filaments short, hairy. Style usually glabrous, stigma capitate, sub-
2-4-lobed. Fruit i by £ in., ovoid, glabrous, obscurely ribbed, crowned with the very

74A lxxii. cornaceje. (C. B. Clarke.) [Marlea.

narrow calyx-limb. — The Japan If. macrophylla and M. heterophylla hardly differ
from this.

Var. alpina ; leaves not angular, hairy all over beneath and no tufts in the nerve-
axils.— Sikkim, alt. 6000-9000 ft. ; H.f. $ T. Marlea sp. 2.

3. COBNUS, Linn.

Trees and shrubs, glabrous or hairy, hairs often centrally attached. Leaves
opposite or alternate, petioled, entire. Floivers small, hermaphrodite, white or
yellow, in branched cymes or in involucrate heads. Calyx-tube campanulate or
urn-shaped ; limb with 4 short or long teeth. Petals 4, oblong, valvate. Sta-
mens 4, anthers oblong. Ovary 2- (very rarely 3-) celled ; style filiform or cylin-
dric, stigma capitate sub-2-lobed ; ovule solitary pendulous in each cell.
Drupe ovoid, 2-celled, 2-seeded ; endocarp bony. Seeds oblong, compressed,
albumen fleshy ; cotyledons leafy. — Distrib. Species 15, in N. temperate regions,
and 2 in Burma and Hongkong.

Sect. I. Thelycrania, Endl. Flowers cymose, without bracts.

1. C. sang-uinea, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 1092 ; a shrub, leaves
opposite rarely exceeding 3 in. shortly or not at all acuminate not very glau-
cous beneath. DC. Prodr. iv. 272; Brand. For. Fl. 253, 0. australis,

C. A. Mey. ; Boiss. I. c.

Kashmir; alt. 7000 ft. ; Gulmurg, Stewart.— Distrib. W. and N. Asia, Europe.

An erect shrub, branchlets leaves beneath and cymes with minute white hairs.
Leaves (in Kashmir examples) I5 by 1| in., ovate from a rounded base, obtuse, beneath
paler and with appressed hairs, nerves 4 on each side with spreading crisped hairs
beneath ; petiole nearly \ in. Fruit I in. diam., subglobose, minutely hairy.

2. C. macrophylla, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey $ Wall. i. 433 ;
a tree, leaves opposite or alternate usually exceeding 3 in. distinctly acuminate
glaucous beneath. Don Prodr. 141 ; Wall. Cat. 469 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 272 ;
Brand. For. Fl. 252, t. 32. 0. brachypoda, C. A. Mey. \ Walp. Ann. ii. 725.

Throughout the Himalaya, alt. 4000-8000 ft., frequent. — Distrib. China, Japan.

An erect tree 40 ft., branches horizontal. Leaves 6 by Z\ in. (often much larger),
ovate ; base rounded or subacute ; secondary nerves 6 on each side, ultimately gla-
brous above, beneath with scattered minute appressed hairs ; petiole 1 in. Panicles
terminal, erect, often 4-5 in. diam., branches opposite or alternate. Calyx-tube urn-
shaped, whitish from the numerous appressed hairs. Fruit ^~ | in. diam., globose.
— C. altemifolia, Linn, f., a N.American species differs very little, if at all, from this.

Var. Stracheyi; panicle densely clothed with spreading fulvous hairs, young
leaves silky hairy. — Kumaon, alt. 7000 ft., Kathi ; Strachey $• Winterboitom.

3. C. oblong-a, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey $ Wall. i. 432; leave."
narrowly oblong narrowed at both ends adult glabrous or minutely hairy be
neath. Don Prodr. 140; Wall. Cat. 468; DC. Prodr. v. 272; Brand. For
Fl. 253 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 545.

From the Jhelum to Nipax, alt. 4000-7000 ft. ; frequent. Bhotan Griffith
Khasia: Mts., alt. 4500 ft.; C. B. Clarke. Martaban Hills; alt. 4000-7000 ft.
Kurz.

A tree 20-30 ft. Leaves 5 by \\ in., somewhat coriaceous, nerves much elevate"
beneath; petiole \ in. Pedicels and cyme-branches minutely pubescent; bracteoles
small. Calyx-tube campanulate, hardly urn-shaped. Petals almost glabrous. Fruit
I by i in., ellipsoid, glabrous or nearly so.

Comus.~\ lxxii. CORNACP.J!. (C. B. Clarke.) . 745

Var. Griffithii ; leaves beneath with spreading hairs. — Bhotan ; Griffith, No.
2091.

Sect. II. Benthamia, Lindl. (gen.) Floioers connate in dense heads
subtended by 4 large white tracts.

4. C. capitata, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey fy Wall. i. 434;

leaves oblong or elliptic adult closelv covered above with minute hairs, calyx-
teeth distinct reflexed. Bon Prodr. 141 ; Wall. Cat. 467, PI. As. Par. t. 214 ;
Brand. For. Fl. 253. Benthamia fragifera, Lindl. in Pot. Peg. t. 1579 ; Wight
III. t. 122.

From Kulu and Kumaon to Bhotan, alt. 4000-7000 ft., not rare.

A small tree, the tender parts densely clothed with minute bicuspidate hairs.
Leaves 3£ by )£in., narrowed at both ends, hardly acuminate. Heads hemispherical,
|-£ in. wide ; bracts 1 by £ in. Fruiting heads depressed, globose, 1 in. wide, suc-
culent, of numerous coalesced pericarps; endocarp about \ in., bony, ellipsoid or ob-
ovoid, compressed; calyces spreading on all sides from the young fruit heads,
ultimately deciduous.

Var. khasiana; adult leaves glabrous or very nearly so. — Khasia, alt. 5000-
6000 ft., Kalapani ; H. f. <$[ T. This variety approaches C. japonica, Thunb. which
is closely allied but has the calyx-limb subtruncate.

4. MASTIXIA, Plume.

Trees, young parts more or less pubescent. Leaves alternate or opposite,
petioled, entire. Floicers hermaphrodite, 2-bracteolate, small, in terminal many-
flowered panicles ; bracts small or lengthened, pedicels short or 0, jointed under
the flower. Calyx-tube campanulate, pubescent or silky ; limb 5-4-toothed.
l^etals 6-4, ovate, leathery, valvate, silky. Stamens 5-4 ; anthers cordate-ob-
long. Ovary l-celled ; disc fleshy ; style cylindric, simple ; ovule 1, pendulous
from one side of the cell very near its summit. Drupe ellipsoid or ovoid,
crowned hy the calyx-teeth or a scar ; putamen grooved down one face ; endo-
carp protruded inwards down one side. Seed ellipsoid ; albumen fleshy ;
embryo small, radicle elongate, cotyledons thin, elliptic. — Disteib. Specie3 8 ;
S. India and Malaja.

* Leaves all alternate.

t Practs about £ in., acute.

1. IKE. tetrandra, C. P. Clarke ; bracts caducous, calyx- teeth in the
bud shortly triangular, stamens usually 4. Bursinopetalum tetrandrum, Wight
mi. ; Thwaites Enum. 42.

Ceylon; Thwaites.

A large tree, foliage heavy green. Leaves 3^ by l£ in., elliptic or obovate-oblong,
suddenly obtusely acuminate, narrowed at the base, glabrous, drying green ; petiole
^-f in., minutely pubescent when young. Panicle 2-3 in. diam., branches and calyx-
tube with close fulvous pubescence. Calyx-teeth rarely 5. Style jE in. Fruit 1 by
| in., almost cylindric, or £ by ^ in. ellipsoid.

Var. Thwaitesii ; leaves If by ^-f in. obtuse turning black in drying, panicle
and petals glabrous. — Ceylon ; Thwaites. Very different in general appearance from
M. tetrandra, but Mr. Thwaites regards it as a variety.

2. X/L. arborea, C. P. Clarke; bracts acute persistent till after the
petals drop, calyx-teeth in the bud triangular-lanceolate, stamens 5. Bursino-

74>6 lxxii. cORNACEiE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Mastixia.

petalum arboreum, Wight Ic. t. 956; Thwaites JEnum. 42; Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
t. 216.

Cachar ; Calacherra, B. L. Keenan. Nilghiri Mts. ; near Sisparah, Wight.
Cbylon ; alt. 4000-7000 ft., Gardner, Thwaites.

A large tree, foliage dark green. Leaves 3 by 2 in., elliptic or obovate-oblong,
suddenly shortly acuminate, narrowed at the base, glabrous, drying black; petiole
£- 1 in., minutely pubescent when young. Panicle 2-3 ii». diam., branches and calyx-
tube with close fulvous pubescence. Style less than ^- in. Fruit 1|- by ^— | in., ellip-
soid.— Closely allied to the preceding. Possibly not distinct from M. pentandra,
Blume Mus. Bot. i. 256, of which there is no authentic example at Kew; the descrip-
tion agrees except that the leaves are much larger, 4-8 in.

ff Some of the bi'acts £-| in., linear-oblong, obtuse.

3. XH. pentandra, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 256 ; leaves 4-7 in., bracteoles
and calyx-tube very hairy, calyx-teeth 5 ovate subacute. M. cuspidata, Blume
I. c, ex Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 1095.

Malabar ; Canara, Dharwar and Bellary ; Law ; Con can ; Stocks.

A tree. Leaves 4-7 by lf-2^ in., oblong or elliptic, narrowed to each end, pube-
rulous on both surfaces at least when young, drying green, whiter beneath; petiole
|-l£ in., pubescent when young. Panicle 3-6 in. diam., very pubescent towards the
extremities. Some of the lower bracts 1£ in., leaflike though narrow, many of the
upper exceeding J in. Buds silky. Style less than X in. Fruit l£ by f in., elongate-
ellipsoid. —Identified from description only: Blume does not mention the large bracts,
so that this is possibly a new species.

4. BX. bracteata, C. B. Clarke ; leaves 2 in., bracteoles and calyx-tube
minutely silky or almost glabrous, calyx-teeth 5 short triangular.

Malacca; Maingay, No. 710.

Branchlets glabrous. Leaves 2-3 by l-l£ in., elliptic, suddenly and obtusely acu-
minate, narrowed at the base, glabrous, drying an olive green ; petiole \ in. Panicle
2 in. diam., nearly glabrous. Some of the lower bracts nearly ] in., leaflike though
narrow, many of the upper nearly \ in. and obtuse. Buds silky. Style less than
— in. Fruit not seen.

** Leaves subopposite and opposite.

5. M. Jung-huhniana, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 772 ; leaves glabrous
beneath or shortly hairy on the main nerves, calyx-teeth 4 roundish minutely
pubescent.

Malacca ; Maingay No. 709.

A tree of moderate size ; tips of branchlets pubescent. Leaves 4^ by 2 in., oblong,
narrowed to both ends, drying a shining green above, much whiter beneath ; petiole
i in., pubescent when young. Panicle 2-3 in. diam., trichotomous ; bracteoles -|-|in.,
pubescent. Young petals most minutely silky. Fruit not seen. — Identified with M.
Junghuhniana by the description, which closely agrees. It has been named M. tricho-
toma, Blume, in the Kew Herbarium, of which species it is very possibly a variety.

6. IMC. JMaing'ayi, C. B. Clarke ; under surface of the leaves and panicle
densely softly woolly.

Singapore; Maingay No. 7 rll.

Branchlets densely woolly. Leaves 5 by 2f in., elliptic, acute not acuminate, nar-
rowed at the base, shining green above, with much spreading soft hair and rugose
beneath ; petiole 1 in. Panicle 4 in. diam. ; branches thick ; bracts | in , ovate, ob-
tuse, thick. Young flowers densely woolly. Fruit 1^ by| in., ovoid, much narrower
upwards. — A very fine and distinct species.

Aucuba.] lxxii. coenace^. (C. B. Clarke.) 747

5. AUG USA, Thanh.

Glabrous branching shrubs. Leaves opposite, petioled, ovate or lanceolate,
obtusely serrate, leathery, shining, turning black in drying. Floivers small,
dioecious, in pseudo-axillary panicles, lurid purple ; bracts inconspicuous ; ped-
icels jointed and 2-bracteolate. Male : calyx small, 4-toothed ; petals ovate or
lanceolate, valvate ; stamens 4 ; disc quadrangular, fleshy ; no rudimei t of an
ovary. Female : calyx-tube ovoid, limb 4-toothed ; petals as in the male ; no
rudiments of stamens ; ovary 1-celled, disc fleshy ; style short, thick, stigma
capitate ; ovule solitary, pendulous. Beii-y ellipsoid, crowned by the calyx-
teeth and style. Seed oblong, albumen copious; embryo minute, radicle superior
near the summit of the seed. — Distrib. Species 3 or 1, Sikkim, Hongkong,
Japan.

1. A. himalaica, Hook. f. III. Him. PI. t. 12 ; leaves lanceolate or
narrowly lanceolate acuminate, branches of the panicle very pilose.

Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 6000-9000 ft., Griffith, &c. — Distrib. Japan.

A stout shrub, 6-12 ft., branching dichotomously. Leaves 8 by If in., narrowed at
the base, denticulate or serrate ; petiole f-1 in. Panicles f in. diam., terminal on
very short lateral branches. Fruit ^ hy\ in., smooth, shining, variable in colour,
orange yellow or scarlet. — Yokohama specimens, named A. longifolia in Herb. Hook.,
are identical with the Indian. A. japonica differs by having rather broader less acu-
minate leaves and less hairy panicles. The increase of material renders more probable
the suggestion made by Sir J. Hooker /. c. that there is but one and that a very vari-
able species of Aucuba.

6. NTTSSA, Linn.

Trees (or shrubs), innovations silky. Leaves alternate, petioled, entire.
Floivers capitate, on axillary peduncles, polygamo-dicecious, 1 or few females
and many males in a head, each 3-4-bracteolate, or the males irregularly coa-
lescing. Male : calyx short, cup-shaped, 5-7-toothed ; petals 5-7, imbri-
cate, hairy ; stamens usually 10 (in the Indian species) around a large circular
disc ; rudiment of the ovary 0 or small. Female : calyx-tube campanulate ;
limb 5-toothed : petals 0 or minute ; no rudiments of stamens ; ovary 1-celled ;
style cylindric, simple or shortly 2-fid ; ovule solitary, pendulous. Berry oblong
or ovoid. Albumen copious ; cotyledons flat, leafy, nearly as broad as the seed.
— Distrib. Species 5-6, in N. America, and from Sikkim to Java.

1. N. sessiliflora, Hookf. in Gen. PI. i. 952 ; leaves oblong acuminate,
flowers sessile. Daphniphyllopsis capitata, Kurz For. Fl. i. 240 ; and in Journ.
As. Soc. 1875, part ii. 201, with Jig. Hex daphnephylloides, Kurz in Journ. As.
Soc. 1870, pt. ii. 72. Agathisanthes javanica, Blume Bijd. 645 : Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. pt. i. 839. Ceratostachys arborea, Blume Bijd. 644 ; Miq. I. c.

Sikkim, alt. 5000-8000 ft. ; J. D. H., Kurz. Khasia Mts.: H.f. $ T. Cachar ;
B. L. Keenan. Martaban, alt. 5000-7000 ft. ; Kurz. — Distrib. Java.

A tree, 60 ft. Leaves 6 by 2 in., acute at the base, punctate on both surfaces,
adult glabrous beneath, rarely pubescent and chiefly on the nerves; petiole 1 in.
Peduncles 1-1 5 in., more or less pubescent. Calyx-teeth rounded, pubescent and
ciliate. Ripe fruit \ by ~ in., ovoid, narrowed upwards to a point, glabrous.

748 lxxii. cornacej:. (C. B. Clarke.) [Toricellia.

7. TORICELLIA, DC.

A small tree, branches thick. Leaves alternate, long-petioled, deciduous,
broadly cordate, acute, sharply serrate; petiole sheathing at base. Flowers
small, white, dioecious, numerous in pendulous panicles ; pedicels short, bracteo-
late, in the female jointed under the flower, in the male not. Male : calyx-tube
short, lobes generally 5 ; petals 5, oblong, acuminate, induplicate-valvate ; sta-
mens usually 5; disc flat; rudiment of ovary 0 or of 1-3 small bristles.
Female ; calyx-tube ovoid ; limb minute, 3-5-toothed ; petals and stamens 0 ;
ovary 3-5-celled, disc inconspicuous ; style very short, stigmas 3-5, cylindric ;
ovule solitary pendulous in each cell. Drupe small, purple, obliquely ovoid,
crowned by the stigmas, 4-celled, 1-seeded. Seed linear, curved ; albumen
fleshy ; embryo minute.

1. T. tilieefolia, DC. Prodr. iv. 257; Seem. Journ. Bot. iii. 361, t. 41.
Sambucus tilieefolia, Wall. Cat. 483.

Nipal; Wallich. Sikkim, alt. 6000 ft., J. B. H. Bhotan; Griffith.

Leaves 6 in. diam., adult glabrous or slightly pubescent on the nerves beneath,
membranous, palmately nerved from the base ; petiole often 3-4 in. Male panicle
1 ft., very compound, minutely pubescent or glabrous, with a few scattered linear
bracts \ in. : fern, sometimes nearly as long as the male, but much less dense ami
with far fewer more scattered flowers. Fruit | in., ovoid, glabrous.

N

749

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

The Synony?ns and Species incidentally mentioned are printed in Italics.

NN . .

. 175

fqUus, Blume

175

tulosus, Wall.

176

cu u$ E. Meyer

.175

tn amsocrmus,

Hassk. . . .

. 175

minor, Desv. . .

lib

paucijiorus, Desv.

175

precaf.orius, Linn.

175

'ui-. Watt.

3 7o

Acacia, Wil d. . .

. 2tf2

alba, Willd. . .

294

alliacea, Ham. .

Ml

amara, Willd. .

301

amblycarpa, Grah.

. 298

arabica, Willd. .

293

Arar, Ham. . .

297

arcuata, Decaisne

294

arrophula, Don. .

298

biceps, DC. . .

290

caesia, W. § A. .

297

cmsia, "Wall. . .

298

Campbellii, Am.

293

canescens, Grah.

298

Caringa, Ham. .

290

Catechu, Willd. .

295

Catechu, W. & A.

294

Catechu, Brand. .

295

catechuoides, Wall.

295

chrysocoma, Miq.

294

chundra, Willd. .

295

cinerea, Spreng. .

288

concinna, DC.

296

concinna, Wall. .

298

Dalea, Desf. . .

288

dealbata. Link. .

292

densa, Wall. . .

294

dumosa, W. & A.

296

•burnea, Willd. .

293

data, Grah. . .

299

Farnesiana, Willd.

292

Farnesiana, Wall.

293

Page
ferruginea, DC. . .295
foliolosa, Grrah. . .301
frondosa, Willd. . 290
glauca, DC. . . .290
Hooperiana, Zippel. 296
indica, Desv. . . .292
Intsia, Willd. . . 297
intsioides, DC. . .297
Jacquemontei, Bth. . 293
Julibrissin, Willd. . 300
Latronum, Willd. . 296
Lebbek, Willd. . .298
lenticularis, Ham. . 296
leucocephala, DC. . 290
leucophlaea, Willd. . 294
megaladena, Desv. . 297
melanoxylon, K. Br. 292
microcephala, Gr. . 294
modesta; Wall. . . 296
mollis, Wall. . . .300
myriophylla, Gfrah. 301
Nemu, Willd. . . 300
nitida, Willd. . . 303
odoratissima, Willd. 299
oxyphylla, Grrah. . 297
paludosa, Miq. . .297
pennata, Willd. . .297
pinnata, D. & G. .297
planifrons, W. # A. 293
pluricapitata, Steud. 298
polyacantha, Willd. 295
polycephala, Grah. . 298
prensans, Lowe . . V 297
procera, Willd. . . 299
pseudo-mtsia, Miq. . 297
Eoxburghii, W. & A. 293
rugata, Ham. . . 297
rupestris, Stocks . 295
Senegal, Willd. . . 295
Sirissa, Ham. . . 298
stipulata, DC. . . 300
Suma, Kurz . . .294

Page
Sundra, DC. . . . "295
Sundra, Wall. . . 294
tomentella, Zipp. . 298
tomentosa, Willd. . 294
umbraculata, Wall.. 296
vera, Willd. . . . 293
VereJc, Guill. & Pers. 295
Wallichiana, DC. . 295
Wightii, Baker . . 298

Acacieje 61

Acanthopanax, Dene fy

Planch. . , . . 726
aculeatum, Seem. . 726
sepium, Seem. . . 726

Acmena parviflora,

DC 485

zeylanica, Thwaites 485

Acrocarpus, W. $ A. . 292
combretiflorus,

Teysm. & Binnen 292
fraxinifolius, Wight 292

Acronema, Hf. & T. . 686
tenerum, Edgw. . .686

Actinostemma, Griff. . 6J3
tenerum, Griff. . . 633

Adambea glabra,

Lamk 577

Adamia chinensis,

Gardn. & Champ. 406
cyanea, Wall. . . 406
versicolor, Fortune . 406

Adenanthera, Linn. . 287
acuieata, Roxb. . . 288
bicolor, Moon . .287
pavonina, Linn. . . 287

Mchmandra conocarpa,

Dalz. & Gibs. . 628
deltoidea, Arn. . . 626
epigata, Arn. . .628
indica, Arn. . . .626
rostrata, Arn. . . 627
velutina, D. & G. .628

'50

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
zeylanica, Thwaites. 629

vRschynomene, Linn. . 151
aspera, TAnn. . . 152
aspera, Wall. . .151
bispinosa, Jacq. . .115
cannabina. Retz. . 115
diffusa, Roxb. . .115
diffusa, Willd. . .151
grandiflora, Linn. . 115
indica* Linn. . . .151
indka, BdrjJi. • 114
indica, Hadek. . .162
indica, Wall. . . . lo2
kashmiriana, Camb. 151
procumbens, Roxb. . 115
pumila, Linn. . .151
Boxburghii, Spreng. 151
Scsban, Linn. . .114
tpinulosa, Roxb. . 115
surattensis, W. & A. 152
trachyloba, Miq. . 152
viscidula, Willd. . 151

Afzelia, Smith . . . 271
1 iiuga, A. Gray. . 274
?coriaeca, Baker, . -To
palembanica, baker 27 5
retusa, Kurz. . .274
cesculifolium, Seem. 738

Agalma elatum, Seem. 728
glaucum, Seem. . .728
Griffithii, Seem. . 728
racemosum, Seem. . 729
rostratum, Seem. . 729
tomentosum, Seem. . 728

Aganope jioribunda,

Miq 248

Agasta asiatica, Miers. 507
indka, Miers. . . 507
splendida, Miers. . 507

Agati grandiflora, Dsv. 115

Agathisanthes Javanica.
Bl 747

Agelsea, Soland. . . 46
vestita, H.f. . . . 46
Wallichii, H. f . 47

Agrimonia, Linn. . .361
Eupatorium, Linn. . 361
Eupatorium, Thw. . 362
javanka, Miq. . .361
lanata, Wall. . .361
nepalensis, Don. . 361
pilosa, Ledeb. . . 361
viscidula, Bunge. . 361
zeylanica, Moon . .362

AizoiDEiB .... 658

Aizoon. Linn. ... 659
canariense, Linn. . 659

Alangium, LamJc. . . 741

Page
decapetalum, Lamk. 741
ebenaceuni, Griff. . 742
glandulosum, Thw. 742
hexapetalurn, Lamk. 741
Lamarekii, Thw. . 741
latifolium, Miq. . 741
sundanum, Kurz . 741
tomentosum, Lamk. 741

Albizzia affinis, Fourn. 301
amara, Boivin. . .301
glomeriflora, Kurz . 300
Julibrissin, Durazz. 300
latifolia, Boivin . 298
Lebbek, Benth. . . 298
lebekkoides, Benth. . 299
lomatocarpa, DC. .299
lophantha . . . .298
lucida, Benth. . . 299
marginata, Ham. . 300
micrantha, Boiv. . 299
myriophylla, Benth. 300
nellyrenza (nella-

renga) Grah. . .301
odoratissima, Benth. 299
pedicellata, Baker . 299
procera, Benth. . . 299
Smithiana, Wall. . 300
speciosa, Willd. . . 298
stipulata, Boiv. . . 300
umbrosa, Benth. . . 302
Wightii, Grah. . .301

Alchemilla, Linn. . . 360
ceylanica, Moon Cat. 361
indica, Gardn. . . 361
vulgaris, Linn. . . 360
vulgaris, Thwaites . 361
vulgaris, Weight . 361

Aldrovanda, Linn. . 425
vertkillata, Roxb. . 425
vesiculosa, Linn. . 425

Alhagi, Desv. . . .145
mannifera, Desv. . 145
maurorum, Desv. . 145
napaulensium, DC. 145

Allomorphia, Blume. . 527
exigua, Blume . .527
Griffithii, H.f. . . 527
hispida, Kurz. . .527
umbellulata, H.f. . 527

Allozygia cernua, Nd. 526

Alsine, Burm. . . . 664

Alsomitra, Bth. # Hk.f. 634
clavigera, H.f. . . 634
sarcophylla, H.f. . 634

Altingia, Noronhm . . 429
excelsa, Noronha . 429

Alysicarpus, Neck. . 157
belgaumensis, Wt . 160

Page
bupleurifolius, DC. 158
bupleurifolius, Roxb. 159
bupleurifolius, "Wall. 159
diver sifolius, Wall. . 158
glaber, E. Meyer . 159
glumaceus, Wall. . 159
gracilis, Edgew. . 158
hamosus, Edgew. . 157
Harnieri, Schweinf. 158
heterophyllus. Bth. . 158
Heyneanus, W. & A. 159
Hochstetteri, A. Rich 1 59
longifolius, W. $ A. 159
ludens, Wall. . 158, 159
lupulinus, Stocks. . 159
monilifer, DC. . .157
nummularifolius,

DC 158

obovalis, Edgew. , 159
parviflorus, Dalz. . 172
pilifer, Wall. . .159
pubescens, Lavj . .160
quadrangular^, Edg. 159
racemostts, Benth. . 160
rotundifolius, Dalz. 172
rotundifolius, Wt. . 157
Bubibarna, Wall.

157, 158
rugosus, DC. . .159
scariosus, Grah. . 159
spicatus, Royle . .159
styracifolius, DC. . 159
styracifolius, Wall. ' 159
tetragonolobus, Edg. 159
trifoliatus, Stocks. . 158
vaginalis, DC. . .158
vaginalis, Wall. . 159
varius, Wall. . .159
Wallkhii,W.&A. 159

Ameletia Jioribunda,

Wight .... 567
indka, DC. . . . 566
rotundifolia, D. & G. 567
tenuis, Wight. . .567

Amerimmcm fascicula-

tum, Hamilt. . .109
obovatum, Hamilt. . 246
pallidum, Hamilt. . 108
secundum, Hamilt. . 247

Amherstia, Wall. . .272
nobilis, Wall. . .272

Amhebstie^e ... 61

Ammanella linearis,

Miq 570

subrotunda, Wall. . 571

Ammannieae . . .565

Ammannia, Linn. . . 566
acutidens, Miq. . . 566

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS,

751

Page
auriculata, Willd. . 570
baccifera, Linn. . . 569
eordata, W. <f A. . 570
dibilis, Ait. . . .569
densiflora, Miq. . . 569
densiflora, Roth. . 568
dentelloides. Kurz . 568
egyptiaca, Willd. . . 569
elongata, Blume. . 566
fimbriata, Wight. . 569
floribunda, C. B. C. 567
glauca, Wall. . . 569
hexandra, Wall. . 569
Heyneana, Wall. . 569
indica, Lam. . . . 569
lanceolata, Heyne . 570
latifolia, Wall. 566, 567
microcarpa, DC. . 571
microcarpa, Roxb. . 571
multiflora, Roxb. . 570
nana, Roxb. . 566, 568
nana, Wall . . .569
""octandra, Linn.f. . 571
pentandra, Roxb. . 568
peploides, Spreng. . 566
polystachya, Wall. . 566
pygmsea, Kurz. . 568
repens, Rottl. . .566
Ritchiei, C. B. Clarke 566
Rotala, F. Muell. . 567
rotundi folia, Ham. . 566
rubra, Ham. . . . 568
salicifolia, Monti . 569
salicifolia, Monti . 570
salicifolia, Thwaites 570
senegalensis, Lamk. 570
simpliciuscula,

Kurz . . . .568
subspicata, Benth. . 567
subspicata, Hb. Hoh. 568
tenuis, C. B. Clarke 567
verticillata, Boiss. . 569
verticillata, Lamk. . 569
verticillata, W. & A. 570
vesicatoria, Roxb. . 569
Wallichii, Kurz. . 572

Ammi daucifolium,

Wall . . . . . 693
copticum, Boiss. . 682

Ammineje .... 665

Amphicarpaea, Elliott. 181
Edgeworthii, Benth. 181
ferruginea, Benth. . 182

Amygdalus collinus,

Wall. . . . .313
communis, Linn. . 313
humilis, Edgw. . .314
peraica, Linn. . .313

Page

Anacardiace^e . . 7

Anacardium, Rottb. . 20

latifolium, Lamk. . 3 1

occidentale, Linn. . 20

officinarum, Gaertn. 31

Anagyris barbata, Grah. 62

indica, Lindl. . . 62

nepalensis, Grah. , 62

Anarthrosyne eordata,

m 169

Anauxanopetalum

Schwenkii, Teysm.
& Binnen ... 27

Andersonia acuminata,

Herb. Rottl. . . 451
altissima, Hb. Madr. 450
lanceolata, Hb. Rottl. 451

Andira Horsfieldii,

Leseh 248

Anerincleistus, Korth . 529
Griffithii,#./. . 529
Helferi, H.f. . . 529

Anethum Fozniculum,

Linn 695

graveolens, Linn. . 709
Panmorium, Roxb. 695
Sowa, Roxb. . . 709
trifoliatum, Roxb. . 685

Angelica, Linn. . .706
Archangelica, Linn. 707
glauca, Edgw. . . 706
Cando/lii, Wall. . 700

Anictoclea Grahami-

ana, Nimmo . . 657

Anisophyllea, Br. . .441
disticha, Hook. . . 442
grandifolia, G. Hens-
low 442

Griffithii, Oliv. . . 442
zeylanica, Benth. . 442

Anisophtlleje . . .435

Anogeissus, Wall. . 450
acuminata, Wall. . 450
hirta, Wall. . . .450
latifolia, WaU. . . 450
myrtifolia, Wall. . 451
pendula, Edgw. . .451
phillyresefolia, Heurck
4- Muell. . . .451

Anplectrum, A. Gray 545
annulatum, Triana 546
assamicum, C. B. C. 546
barbatum, Triana . 546
cyanocarpum, Kurz. 545
divaricatum, Triana 546
glaucum, Triana . 545
pollens, Blume. . 545
parviflorum, Benth. 528

Page
Anstrutheria zeylanica,

Gard 441

Anthriscus, Hoffm. . 692

nemorosa, Spreng. . 692

Anthyllis cuneata, Dum. 142

Apios, Moznch. . . .188

carnea, Benth. . . 1 88

Apium, Linn. . . . 678

graveolens, Linn. . 679

involucratum, Roxb. 682

Apteuxis trinervis,

Griff. .... 551

Arachisfruticosa, Eetz. 148

hypogcea . . . .161

Aralia, Linn. . . .721

armata, Seem. . .723

bipinnatifida, C. B.

Clarke . . . .722

cachemirica, Dene. . 722

cissifolia, Griff. . 722

digitata, Roxb. . 729

disperma, Bl. . .738

foliolosa, Seem. . 723

glomerulata, Bl. . . 737

latifolia, W. & A. . 727

Tnaerophylla, Lindl. 722

malabarica, Bedd. . 722

palmata, Lour. . .736

parasitica, Ham. . 724

Pseudo-ginseng, Bth. 721

Thomsonii, Seem. . 723

Araliace^e . . . .720

Araliad, H. f.& T. 722, 723,

724,726,728,729,730,

732, 733, 734, 735, 736

737, 738, 739, 740

Araliadium, Miq. . . 725

pinnatifidum, Miq. . 726

Arameje 720

Araliopsis andamanica,

Kurz 735

Archangelica, Hoffm. 707

decurrens, Ledeb. . 707

officinalis, Hoff. . 707

Arcyphyllum, Elliott . 226

Argyrolobium, Eckl. $

' Zeyl 63

, divaricatum, J. & Sp. 63
flaccidum, J. $ Sp. 63
Kotschyi, Boiss. . 64
ornithipodioides, J. &

Sp 64

roseum, J. $• Sp. . 64
Aria Kumaonensis,

Dene 375

lanata, Dene. . .375
ArUlariarobusta,Kurz. 252
Arthropbyllum, Blume. 733

752

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
alternifolwm, Main-
gay 734

Blumeanum, Zoll. &

Mor 734

diversifcliuni, Blume. 733
ellipticum. Blume. 734
javanicum, Blume. . 734
ovalifolium, Jungh. 734
pinnatum, C. B. C. 734
pinnatum, Maingay 734
Arthrosprion stipula-

tum, Hassk. . . 300
Arthrostemma panicu-

latum, Don. . . 525
Aspalathus cuneata,

Don 142

indicus, Linn. . . 94
Astilbe, Ham. . . .389
Aruncus, L. . . .389
chinenis, Maxim. . 389
japonica, Morr. &

Dene. .... 389
rivularis, Ham. . 389
rubra, H.f.§ T. .389
speciosa, Junghuhn . 389
Stoliczkai, Kurz . 389
Thunbergii, Maxim. 389
Astragalus, Linn. . .118
.acaulis, Baker. . 132
acutiflorus, Benth. . 120
adesmisefolius,

Benth 121

Aitchisoni, Baker . 121
alpinus, Linn. . . . 123
Amherstianus, Bth. 119
ammocryptos, Boiss. 122
anfractuosus, Bunge. 136
anomalus, Bunge. . 133
arabicus, Ehrhenb. 121
bakuensis, Bunge. . 132
bhotanensis, Baker 126
bicuspis, Fisch. . .135
biflorus, Linn. . . 66
bracteozus, Kl. . .125
cseruleus, Hort. Paris 137
Candolleanus, Boyle 132
carinalis, Benth. . 126
cashmiriensis,.Bww<7£. 127
chlorostachys, Lindl. 128
cicerifolius, Boyle. . 134
ciliolatus, Benth. . 129
coluteocarpus, Bdiss. 130
concretus, Benth. . 131
confertus, Benth. . 123
contortuplieatus, L. 122
orassicaulis, Grah. . 117
Daltonianus, Bunge. 134
densiflorus, K. $ K. 125

Page
distans, Ben4h. . .128
Donianus, DC. . .119
emVli, Steud. . .130
erpocaulis. Boiss. . 122
Falconer!, Bunge. . 120
floridus, Benth. .127
frigidus, Bunge. . 130
Gerardianus, Grrah. 116
Govanianus, Grah. 128
gracilipes, Benth. . 122
Grahamianus, Royle 134
graveolens, Ham. . 131
hamosus, Linn. . .122
Hendersoni, Baker . 120
Heydei, Baker . .118
himalayanus, Kl. . 126
himalensis, Jacquem. 128
hippocrepidis, Benth. 119
hosackioides, Benth. 123
humifusus, Jacquem. 1 ] 9
hypoglottoides,

Baker . . . .124
inconspicuus, Baker. 126
Jacquemontii.~B\inge. 134
khasianus, Benth. . 130
kongrensis, Benth. . 120
lasiocladus, Benth. . 135
leptacanthus, Benth. 135
leptocentrus, Bunge! 135
lessertioides, Benth. 124
leucocephalus, Grah. 128
longicaulis, Baker. 129
longipes, Kar. &Kir. 128
macropterus, DC. . 128
macrorhizus, Don. . 119
maddenianus, Bth. . 127
malacophyllus, Bth. 133
Maxwellii, Royle. . 124
medullars, Boiss. . 131
melanostachys, Bth. 125
microphyllus, Jacq. 134
minuius, Boiss. . 122
missourensis, Camb. 118
Moorcroftianus,W"dU. 249
multiceps, Wall. . 134
Munroi, Benth. . 128
mutabilis, Jacquem. 125
nivalis, Kar. $ Kir. 136
nubigenus, Don. . 117
ophiocarpus, Benth. 122
oplites, Benth. . . 134
oxyodon, Baker . 125
peduncularis, Royle 136
podocarpus, Grah. . 130
polycanthus, Royle 134
polycanthus, Wall. 116
prolixus, Sieber . 121
psilocentrus, Fisch. 134

Page
puberulus, K, & K. 128
pyenorhizus, Wall. 119
pyrrhotrichus,Z?0tss. 133
rhizanthus, Royle . 131
rigidulus, Benth. . 123
rotundifolius, Royle 131
Royleanus, Bunge. . 132
scariosus, Benth. . 134
scorpiurus, Bunge. . 119
Scottianus, Stocks . 131
sesbanoides, Benth. . 121
sikkimensis, Benth. 126
Stewartii, Baker . 129
stipulatus, D. Don. 131
stipulatus, Jacquem. 131
strictus, Grah. . .124
strobiliferus, Royle 135
subulatus, M. Bieb. 136
subumbellatus, Kl. 119
tenuicaulis, Benth. 126
temtispinus, Bunge. 134
Thomsonianus, Bth. 136
tibetanus, Benth. . 124
tribulifolius, Benth. 120
tribuloides, Delile . 122
trichocarpus, Grah. 121
vesiculosus, Jacquem. 138
vicioides, Grah. . .131
vicioides, Led. . .128
Webbianus, Grah. . 132
xiphocarpus, Benth. 129
zanskarensis, Benth. 134

Astranthus foetida,

Wall 598

Astronia, Blume . .550
smilacifolia, Triana 550

Astbonieje . . . .513

Astronium insigne, Mar-
chand .... 30

Astropetalum, Griff. 26, 27

Athamanta achilleifo-

lia, Wall. . . .684
AJowan, Wall. . .682
anethifolia, Wall. . 683
depressa, Don. . .701
diffusa, Wall. . . 693
gigantea, Don. . . 720
Roxburghiana,W all. 682
teres, Don. . . . 720

Atylosia, W. $ A. . .212
albicans, Benth. ., . 215
barbata, Baker . .216
candicans, Kurz. . 222
Candollei, W.$ A. . 212
circinalis, Benth. . 219
elongata, Benth. . 215
geminiflora, Dalz. . 212
glandulosa, Dalz. . 213

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

753

Page
goensis. Dalz. . . .216
grandiflora, Benth. . 214
kulnensis, Dalz. . .214
Lawii, Wight. . .213
lineata, W. $ A. .213
major, W. & A. , .212
mollis, Benth. . .213
nivea, Benth. . .214
platycarpa, Benth. . 216
punctata, Dalz. . .218
rostrata, Baker . .216
rugosa, W.$ A.. .215
sc^rabaeoides, Bth. . 215
sericea, Benth. . .213
subrhombea, Miq. . 218
villosa, Benth. . .214

Aubletia caseolaris,

Gaertn 580

Aucuba, Thunb. . . 747
himalaica, H.f. . 747

Aulacospermum sim-
plex, Ost.& Kuss. 705

Axinandra, Thwaites . 581
Beccariana, Baill. . 581
Maingayai, C. 5. C. 581
zeylanica, Thwaites . 581

Axonotechium trianthe-

moides, Fenzl. . 661

Badamia Commersoni,

Gaertn 444

Baeckea, tra». . . . 463
chinensis, Gaertn. . 463
Cumingiana, Sch. . 463
frutescens, Linn. . 463

Balanssea Fontanesii,

Boiss # Rent. . .691

Baptisia nepalensis,

Hook 62

Barringtonia, Forst. . 506
acutangula, Gcertn. . 508
alata, Wall. . . . 508
alba, Miq. . . . 507
asiatica, Kurz. . .507
augusta, Kurz. . . 509
ceylanica, Gardn. . 508
conoidea, Griff. . . 508
cylin drostackya,

Griff. .... 509
Helferi, O. 5. CW£e 509
inclyta, Miers . . 507
macrophylla, Miq. . 507
macrostaehya, Kurz. 509
pterocarpa, ^Twr^ . 509
pubescens, Miers . 509
racemosa, Thwaites. 508
raceriwaa, Blurae . 507
rigida, C. B. Clarke 510
rubra, Miers . . . 507
YOL. II.

Page
rubra, Miq. . . . 507
sarcostachys, Miq. . 509
speciosa, Forst. . . 507
speciosa, Wall. . . 507

Batschia laurifolia,

Vahl 273

Bauhinia, Linn. . . 275
acida,.~Re'mw. . . 277
acuminata, Linn. . 276
anguina, Roxb. . . 284
Benthami, Bedd. . 283
bidentata, Jack. . .279
Blancoi, Baker . .278
brachycarpa, Wall. . 276
bracteata, Grah. . 282
Buchanani, Desv. . 278
Candida, Ait. . . . 276
Candida, Eoxb. . . 284
cordifolia, Eoxb. . 278
cornifolia, Baker . 278
coromandeliana, DC. 284
diphylla, Hamilt. . 278
di verge ns, Baker . 282
elongata, Korthals . 281
emarginata, Jac&. . 278
emarginata, Wall. . 279
ferruginea, Roxb. . 283
Finlavsoniana, 6rraA. 278
? foveolata, Dalz. . 277
glabrifolia, j5a^er . 281
glauca, Wall. . . 282
integrifolia, Roxb. . 279
involucellata, Kurz. 282
khasiana, Baker. . 281
Lawii, Benth. . • 277
Zttdtda, Wall. . 278, 285
macrostaehya, Wall. 281
malabarica, Roxb. .277
mollissima, Wall. . 281
monandra, Z"wr^. . 285
nervosa, Wall. . . 283
ornata, Kurz. . .281
parvi flora, Vahl. . 276
parvifolia, Teysm. $

Binnind. . . .283
phcenicea, Heyne . 283
piperifolia, Eoxb. . 285
polycarpa, Wall. . 276
Pottsii, G. Don. . . 283
purpurea, Linn. . . 284
•purpurea, DC. . . 277
purpurea, Wall. 276, 284
racemosa, Lam. , .276
racemosa, Vahl. . . 279
reniformis, Royle . 277

retusa, Ham 279

rosea, Kurz. . . . 280
rufa, Grah. . . .280

rufescens, Lam. . . 277
ruHcarpa, Desv. . .283

scandens, Linn. . . 284

seandens, Eoxb. . . 282

semibifida, Roxb. . 280

speciosa, Eoxb. . . 275

spicata, Kcemg . . 276

timoriensis, Dene. . 276

tomentosa, Linn. . 275

tomentosa, Wall. . 277

triandra, Eoxb. . . 284

unguiculata, Baker . 277

Vahlii, TV. $ A. . . 279

variegata, Linn. . 284

velutina, Wall. . . 280

Bauhinie^e .... 61

Begonia, Linn. . . . 635

alaecida, C. B. Clarke 637

albo-coccinea, Hook. 654

amoena, Wall. . . 642

andamensis, Parish. 650

Arnottiana, A. DC . 641

barbata, Wall. . . 646

barbata, Wall. . . 645
Bowringiana,

Champ. . . . 645

Brandisiana, Kurz. . 654

brevicaulis, A. DC. . 647

» oanarana, Miq. . . 652

Cathcartii, H.f. . 646

concanensis, A. DC. 653

cordifolia, Thwaites 641

crenata, Dry and. . 651

deli cat nla, Pariah . 652

dipetala, Grah, . . 655
Dux, C. B. Clarke .637

echinata, Eoyle . . 638

elongata, Wall. . . 650

episcopalis, C. B. C. 644

erosa, Wall. . 638, 642

Evansiana, Andr. . 638

fallax, A. BO. . „ 643

. fibrosa, C. B. Clarke 652
? Finlaysoniana,

Wall 649

flaccidissima, Kurz. 651

floccifera, Bedd. , . 654

gemmipara. H.f. . 641v

gigantea, Wall. . . 643
gigantea, Wall. . .636

goniotis, C. B. C. . 648

Grahamianayfighb. 654

Griffithii, Hook. . . 647

guttata, Wall. . . 648

guttata, Wall. . . 650

hydrophila. Miq. . 655

inflata, C. B. Clarke 636

integrifolia, Dalz. . 648

3c

754

INDEX OP GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
Josephi, A. DC. . 639
Josephi, A. DC. . . 639
khasiana, C. B. C. . 656
laciniata, Roxb. . . 645
Lobbiana, A. DC. . 640
malabarica, Lamk. . 655
malabarica, Roxb. . 635
malabarica, Wall. . 646
martabanica, A. DC. 651
megaptera, A. DC. . 646
minima, Bedd. . .651
modestiflora, Kurz. 640
moulraeinensis,

C. B. Clarke . . 643
nemophila, Kurz . 646
nivea, Parish . . , 654
obliqua, Thunb. . . 638
ovatifolia, A. DC. . 642
paleaeea, Kurz . . 650
? palmata, Don. . .645
Parishii, C. B. C. .651
parviflora, Wall. . 640
parvuliflora, A. DC. 640
pedunculosa, Wall. . 639
pedunculesa, Wall. . 656
picta, Sm. . . .638
procridi folia, Wall. . 648
prolifera, A. DC. . 649
Rex, Putzeys . . . 647
Roxburghii, A. DC. 635
rubella, Miq. . . . 652
rubella, Wall. . . 642
rubro-venia, Hook. . 645
sandalifolia, C. B.

Clarke . . . .649
Satrapis, C. B. C. .638
scutata, Wall. . . 642
scutata, Wall. . . 639
sikkimensis, A. DC. 646
silhetensis, C. B. C. 636
sinensis, A. DC. . . 638
sinuata, Wall. . . 650
subovata, Wall. . . 642
subpeltata, Wight. .653
subperfoliata, Par. . 643
subrotunda, Wall. . 650
surculigera, Kurz. . 640
tenella, Don. . . . 642
tenera, Dryand. . . 652
tenuifolia, Dryand. . 656
tessaricarpa, C. B.

Clarke . . . .636
Thomsonii, A. DC. . 647
Thwaitesii, Hook. .652
trichocarpa, Dalz. . 653
tricuspidata, C. B.

Clarke . . . .637
triradiata, C. B. C. 637

Page
tuberosa, Hb. Madr. 655
velutina, Parish . . 640
verticillata, Hook. . 649
Wallichiana, A. DC. 655
Wightiana, Wall. . 654
xanthina, Hook. . . 644

Begoniaceje . . . 63n

Benincasa, Savi. . .616
cerifera, Savi. . .616

Benthamia fragifera,

Lindl 745

Bianccea mimosoides,

Todaro .... 256
sappan, Todaro . .255
scandens, Todaro . 256

Biforis benghalensis,

Wall 696

glauca, Wall. . . 696

Bistella geminiflora,

Delile .... 399

Blackwellia acuminata,

Wall 596

dasyantha, Turcz. . 597
fcetida, Wall. . . 597
macrostachya,TuYCz. 596
nepalensis, Wall. . 596
propingua, Wall. . 597
spiralis, Wall. 596; 597
spiralis, Wall. . .596
tetrandra, Wight. . 597
tomentosa, Vent. . 596
Zeylanica, Grardn. . 597

Blastus, Lour. . . . 528
cochinchinensis,
Lour 528

Blepharistemma,

Wall 441

corymbosum, Wall. . 441

Botryolotus cachemyri-

anus, Jaub. . . 88

Bouea, Meissn. . . 20
Brandisiana, Kurz. 21
burmanica, Griff. , 2.1
diversifolia, Miq. . 21
gandaria, Blume . 21
macrophylla, Griff. 21
microphylla, Griff. 21
myrsinoides, Blume. 21
oppositifolia, Meissn. 21

Brachypterum Ben-

thami, Thwaites . 242
canarense, D. & G-. . 248
elegans, Thwaites . 240
robustum, D. & G. . 241
scandens, D. & G. . 240

Brassaia, Endl. . . . 732
capitata, C. 2?.>

Clarke .... 732

Page
Brassaiopsis, Dene. §

Planch 735

aculeata, Seem. . .738
alpina, C. B. Clarke 736
confluens, Seem. 732, 735
floribunda, Seem. . 737
Griffithii, C. B. C. . 736
Hainla, Seem. . . 735
hispida, Seem. . .736
Hookeri, C B. C. . 737
mitis, C. B. Clarke . 736
palmata, Kurz . .735
simplicifolia, C. B.

Clarke .... 735
speciosa, Dene. <$f PI. 737
Bruguiera. Lam. . .437
caryophylloides,

Blume 438

eriopetala, W. $ A. 438
gymnorhiza, Lamk. . 437
madagascariensis,

DC. .... . 452

malabarica, Am. . 438
parietosa, Griff. . . 438
parvi flora, W. § A. 438
Rheedii, Miq. . . 437
Rumphii, Blume. . 438
Wightii. Bl. . . . 437

Bryonia, Linn. . . . 622

alcece/olia, Hb. Rottl. 621
althceioides, DC. . . 623
amplexicaulis, Lamk. 625
callosa, Hb. Rottl. 619
cheirophylla, Wall. , 614
cissoides, Wall. . . 624
cochinchinense, Lour. 611
deltoidea, Am. . . 626
epigaa, Rottler . . 628
jilwaulis, Wall. . .627
? filiformis, Roxb. . 624
Garcini, DC. . .630
glabra, Roxb. . .628
gracilis, Wall. . .623
grandis, Linn. . .621
grandis, Wall. . .617
heterophylla, Wall. . 629
Hookeriana,W.&A. 624
laciniosa, Linn. . . 622
leiosperma,W. & A. 623
maderaspatana, DC. 625
mucronata, Blume . 624
mysorensis, Miq. . 623
mysorensis, Wall. . 624
nepalensis, Seringe . 625
odorata, Ham. . . 626
odorata, Wall. . . 626
? oxyphylla, Wall. . 624
palmata, Wall. 607, 621

TNDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

755

Page
? pedunciclosa, Ser. . 613

Perrottetiana, Ser. . 627

pilosa, Eoxb. . . . 627
Rheedii, Blume . .625

rostrata, Eottler . 627

sagittata, Blume . 625

scabrella, Linn. f. . 623

sinuata, Wall. ■ . 628

simiosa, Wall. . . 625
tenella, Roxb. . .626

triflora, Wall. . . 626

tubifiora, W. & A. . 611

umbellata, Klein . 625

umbellata, Wall. . 609

Wightiana, Wall. . 623

Bryonopsis courtallen-

sis, Am 623

erythrocarpa, Naud. 623

laciniosa, H. f. . . 623

Bryophyllum, Salisb. . 413

calycinum, Salisb. . 413

pinnatum, Kurz . . 413

Buchanania, Roxb. . 22

acuminata, Turcz. . 24

acuminata Wall. . 24

angustifolia, Roxb. 23

anriculata, Blume . 41

glabra, Wall. . . 23

intermedia, Wight . 24
lanceolata, Wight . 24

lancifolia, Roxb. . 24

latifolia, Roxb. . . 23

laxiflora, Kurz . . 24

lucida, Blume . . 23

macrophylla, Blume 41

palembanica, Blume 24

sessili^olia, Blume . 24

subobovata, Griff. * 24

zeylanica, Blume . 16

Bucklandia, Br. . . 429

populifoliaH..l&T. 429

populnea, Br. . . 429

Bunium aromaticum,

Linn 682

Bulbocastanumy

Linn 681

Bupleurum, Linn. . . 674

baldense, Boiss. . . 676
distichophyllum,

W.$ A. . . . 677

diversifolium, Roche 675

Candollii, Wall. . 674
falcatum, Linn. . .676

falcatum, D. & G. . 676

Jlexuosum, Wall. . 677

gracillimum, Kl. . 676
heterophyllum, Jac-

quem 675

Page
himalensis, Kl. . . 677
Hoffmeisteri, Kl. . 676
imaicolum, A. Ker-

ner 676

jucundum, Kurz . 675
lanceolatum, Wall. 674
longicaule, Wall. . 677
Maddeni, C. B. C. . 678
marginata, Wall. . 676
mucronatum, W.

4- A 676

nervosum, Moon Cat. 676
mgroc&rpa,, Jacqttem. 676
plantaginifolium,

Wight .... 674
ramosissima, W. $ A. 676
ramosissimum, W.

&A 570

rupestre, Edgw. . .677
sachinalense, F.

Schmidt . . .675
setaceum, Fenzl. . 678
tenue, Don . . .677
Thomsoni, C. B. C. 675
trichopodum, Boiss.

& Sprun. . . .678
virgatum, W. & A. . 676
virgatum, Wall. . 676
Bursinopetalum arbo-

reurn, Wt. . . . 745
tetrandum, Wt. . . 745
Butea, Roxb. . . .194
acuminata, Wall. . 194
frondosa, Roxb. . .194
frondosa, Wall. . .195
gyrocarpa, Wall. . 193
minor, Ham. . . .195
parvijlora, Roxb. . 193
sericophylla, Wall. . 193
superba, Roxb. . .195
Butinia capnoides,

Dene 691

libanotica, Boiss. . 673
Butonica alata, Miers. 508
alba, Miers. . . . 507
ceylanica, Miers. . 508
racemosa, Miers. . 509

Cacteje 657

Cacoucia lucida,HsLSsk. 454
? trifoliata, DC. . . 451
GV~:>J}.i:!:.>. Linn. . . 254
arborea, Miq. . .257
armata, Grah. . . 256
? axillaris, DC. . . 258
bijuga, Wall. . .255
Bonduc, Roxb. . . 255
Bonducella, Fleming 254

cinclidocarpa, Miq. 256
crista, Thunb. . . 256
cucullata, Roxb. . 258
dasyrachis, Miq. . 257
digyna, Rottl. . . 256
elata, Schwartz . . 260
enneaphylla, Roxb. . 258
ferox, Hassk. . . 256
ferox, Hohen. . .261
ferruginea, Miq. . .257
Finlaysoniana,Grdh. 257
flavicans, Grah. . „ 256
furfuracea, Wall. . 258
Glenniei, Thwaites . 257
gracilis, Miq. . . 256
horrida, Wall. . .256
hymenocarpa, Wall. 2A9
inermis, Roxb. . .257
japonica, Sieb. &

Zucc 256

lacerans, Roxb. . . 259
microphylla, Ham. . 257
mimosoides, Lam. . 256
mimosoides, Heyne . 261
Nuga, Ait. . . . 255
oleosperma, Roxb. . 256
paniculata, Roxb. . 255
pulcherrima, Swtz. 255
resupinata, Roxb. . 256
Sappan, Linn. . . 255
scandens, Kcenig. . 255
sepiaria, Roxb. . . 256
sepiaria, Wall. . . 258
Simora, Ham. . .256
stcmatrana, Roxb. . 259
sumatrana, Wall. . 255
tortuosa, Roxb. . . 257
tortuosa, Wall. . . 257
C^esalpinieje ... 60

Cajanes: 60

Cajanus, DC. . . .217
albicans, Grah. . .215
bicolor, DC. . . .217
bicolor, Wall. . .217
candicans, Wall. . 222
flavus, DC. . . .217
glandulosus, D.&G. 213
goensis, Dalz. . .216
indicus, Spreng. 7 .217
kulnensis, Dalz. . .214
lineatus, Grah. . .213
nvvens, Grah. . .214
scarabceoides, Thou. 215
suaveolens. Grah. . 222
Wiyhtianus, Grah. . 21 5
Calliandra, Benth. . . 302
cynometroides, Bedd. 306
Griffithii, Benth. . 302
3 c 2

756

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page

Page

Page

umbrosa, Benth.

302

brevispina, Boyle .

116

Casearia, Jacq. . . .

691

Callitriche, Linn. . .

434

conferta, Benth.

116

1 acuminata. Wall. .

595

stagnalis, Scop. .

434

crassicaulis, Benth.

117

albicans, Wall. . .

593

verna, Linn. . . .

434

cuneata, Baker . .

117

Anavinga, D. & G.

598

Wighiiana, Wall. .

434

Gerardiana, Boyle .

116

astyla, Turcz. . .

595

Calpurnia, E. Meyer .

251

Moorcroftiana, Bth.

249

Canziala, Ham. . .

593

aurea, Baker . . .

251

nubigena, Bunge

117

Championii, Thw. .

592

Calycopteris, Lamk. ,

449

polyacantha, Boyle .

116

cinerea, Turcz. . .

594

floribunda, Lamk. .

449

pygmsea, DC. . .

116

coriacea, Thwaites .

592

nutans, Kurz. . .

449

spinosissima, Benth.

116

coriacea, Wall. . .

595

Calyptranthes capitel-

versicolor, Benth. .

116

Dallichii, F. Muell.

593

lata, Ham. . .

499

Carallia, Boxb. . . .

439

elliptica, Willd. . .

593

caryophyllata, Pers.

490

calycii)a, Thwaites .

439

esculenta, Boxb. . .

592

cordifolia, Moon 491,493

ceylanica, Am. . .

439

glabra, Hort. Calc. .

593

costata, Ham.

498

confinis, Blume .

439

glabra, Kurz. . .

591

cuheata, Ham. . .

498

corymbosa, Arn. . .

439

glomerata, Boxb. .

591

Dauca, Ham.

500

integerrima, DC. .

439

glomerata, Kurz . .

594

grandis, Ham. . .

498

lancesefolia, Boxb. .

439

graveolens, Dalz. .

592

Jambolana, Moon .

493

lanceolaria, Wall. .

439

grewiaefolia, Vent.

594

Jarnbolana, Willd. .

499

lucida, Kurz . . .

439

Hamiltoni, Wall.

592

mangiferifolia,

lucida, Koxb. . .

439

Kurzii, C, B. Clarke 594

Hance ....

498

octopetala, F. Muell.

439

laevigata, Dalz. . .

592

obtusifolia, Ham. .

481

sinensis, Arn. . .

439

leucolepis, Turcz. .

591

oleina, Wight . .

483

symmetrica, Blume .

439

Lobbiana, Turcz.

594

pyrifolia, Blume
Tatna, Ham. . .

487

timorensis, Blume • .

439

? lucida, Wall. . .

595

408

Careya, Boxb. . . .

510

macrocarpa, C. B.

tenuis, Ham. . . .

500

arborea, Boxb. . .

511

Clarke ....

593

Cambessedea, W. & A.

21

herbaeea, Boxb. . .

510

macrogyna, Turcz. .

592

Campnosperma, Thw.

40

macrostachya, Jack .

509

ovata, Roxb. . .

593

auriculata, H.f.

41

orbiculata, Miers .

511

ovata, Wall. . .

591

Griffithii, Marchand

41

pendula, Griff. . .

509

paniculata, Gardn.

595

macrophylla, H.f. .

41

sphserica, Boxb. . .

511

rubescens, Dalz. .

593

zeylanicum, Thw. .

41

Carica Papaya, L.

599

subcuneata, Miq.

596

Canipylotropis, Bunge

143

Carpopogon angui-

tomentosa, Boxb.

593

Canavalia, DC . . .

195

neum, Koxb. . .

185

Vareca, Boxb.

593

dolichoides, Kurz

207

atropurpureum,

variabilis, Blume.

594

erisiformis, DC. . .

195

Roxb. . . .

186

varians, Thwaites.

592

gladiata, DC. . .

195

bracteatum, Roxb.

187

? viridiflora, Lamk.

591

grandis, Kurz . .

204

capitatum, Roxb.

187

wynadensis, Bedd.

. 594

incurva', DC. . .

196

giganteum, Roxb.

186

zeylanica, Thwaites

592

lineata, DC. . .

196

imbricatum, Roxb.

185

Casparya ? oligocarpa,

Loureirii, G. Don .

196

monospermum,Hox.b

i85

DC

. 635

lucens, Kurz . . .

207

niveum, Roxb. . .

188

polycarpa, DC. .

. 635

mollis, Wall. . .

196

pruriens, Roxb. . .

187

? silhetensis, A. DC.

636

obtusifolia, DC. .

196

Carum, Linn. . .

680

Cassia, Linn. . .

261

rosea, DC. . . .

196

anethifolium, Benth

683

Absus, Linn. . .

265

rutilavs, DC. .

196

Bulbocastanum,

alata, Linn. . .

. 264

Stocksii, D. & G.

196

G.Koch . .

681

amcena, Ham . .

. 266

turgida, Grah. .

196

Carui, Linn. . .

680

angustifolia, Vahl.

264

virosa, W. & A.

196

copticum, Benth.

682

angustissima, Lam.

. 266

Cantharospermum al-

diversifolium,

arborescens. Vahl.

265

bicans, W. & A.

215

C. B. Clarke .

681

auricoma, Grah.

. 266

distans, Eoyle .

216

Falconeri, C. B. C

683

auriculata, Linn.

. 263

nervosum, Eoyle

216

khasianum, C. B. C

682

Bacillus, Gaertn.

. 267

pauciflorum, W. & A

215

nothum, CB. Clarke 681

bicapsularis, Linn.

. 263

Canthium glomeratum

Roxburghianum,

bracteata, Linn. f.

264

Miq

565

Benth. . . .

. 682

Burmanni, Wight

. 264

Caragana, Lam. . .

115

stictocarpum, C. B.C. 681

chinensis, Jacq. .

. 262

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

757

Page

Page

coccinea, Wall. .

. 265

Wallichiana, DC.

. 266

coromandeliana,

Wightiana, Grah.

. 263

Jacq. . . .

. 262

Cassieje ....

. 61

dimidiata, Roxb.

. 266

Catappa Benzoin,

dimidiata, Klein.

. 266

Gsertn. . . .

. 444

esculenta, Roxb.

. 262

domestica, Ruraph.

. 444

exigua, Eoxb.

. 265

litorea, Rumph. .

. 444

fastigiata, Vahl.

. 265

sylvestris, Rumph.

. 444

Fistula, Linn. .

. 261

Catenaria laburni-

florida, Vahl.

. 264

folia, Benth. .

. 163

fcetida, Pers. Syn.

. 262

Caucalis, Linn.

. 718

foetida, Salisb. .

. 263

Anthriscus, Scop.

. 718

frutescens, Mill.

. 262

elata, Wall. . .

. 718

gallinaria, Collad.

. 263

latifolia, Linn. .

. 719

glauca, Lam. . .

. 265

leptophylla, Linn.

. 719

herpetica, Jacq. .

. 264

Celastrinea, Wall. .

. 3

hirsuta, Linn.

. 263

Celastrus racemosa,

Hcrsfieldii, Miq.

. 265

Wall. . . .

. 312

humilis, Collad. .

. 263

Cephalandra, Schrad.

621

Javanica, Linn. .

. 267

indica, Naud.

. 621

Kleinii, W. Sf A.

. 266

Sckimperi, Naud.

. 621

lanceolata, Wall.

. 264

Wightiana, Roem

621

Ijeschenaidtii, Wall.

266

Cerasiocarpum, H. f.

. 628

marginata, Roxb.

262

? Mainqayi, C. B.

mimosoides, Linn.

. 266

Clarke . . .

. 629

mo n tana, Heyne .

264

? penangense, C. B.

myriophylla, Wall.

. 266

Clarke . . .

. 629

nodosa, Ham.

. 261

zeylanicum, H.f.

. 629

obovata, Collad.

264

Cerasus capricida,

obtusa, Roxb. . .

. 264

Wall. . . .

316

obtusifolia, Linn.

263

comuta, Wall. .

315

occidentalis, Linn.

262

glaucifolia, Wall.

. 316

palmata, Wall. .

265

integerrima, Wall.

317

prostrata, Roxb.

266

Lindleyana, Wall.

316

pumila, Lam. . .

266

phoshia, Ham. .

314

purpurea, Roxb.

263

Puddum, Wall. .

314

purpurea, Bot. Reg.

263

tomentosa, Wall.

314

renigera, Wall. .

262

midulata, Ser. .

316

rhombifolia, Roxb.

261

Ceratostachys arborea

Roxburghiana, Grah

. 266

Bl

747

Roxburghii, DC. ,

262

Ceriops, Am. . .

437

Senna, Linn. . .

264

Candolleana, Am.

436

sensitiva, Roxb. .

266

Roxburghiana,

setigera, DC. . .

265

Am. . .

436

Siamea, Lam.

264

Cerocarpus aqueus,

Sophera, Linn. .

262

Hassk. . . .

473

Sophera, Wall. .

262

bifaria, Colebr. .

475

speciosa, Roxb. .

265

Chcsnolobiitm decem-

suffruticosa, Kwnig .

265

jugum, Miq. .

253

sujfruticosa, Wall. .

265

septemjugum, Miq.

253

sumatrana, Roxb.

264

Chaerophyilum, Linn,.

690

surattensis, Burm.

365

acuminatum, Lindl,

691

Telfairiana, Wall.

266

cachemiricum, C. B

tenella, Roxb.

266

Clarke . . .

691

timoriensis, DC.

263

capnoides, Benth.

691

tomentosa, Linn.

263

graeillimum, Kl.

671

Tora, Linn. . .

263

millefolium . .

671

toroides, Roxb. .

263

reflexum, Lindl.

691

Page
villosum, Wall. . . 690
villosum, Wall. . .691
Chcetocarpus castano-

carpus, Thw. . .595
Chamserhodos, Bunge. 360
sabulosa, Bunge. . 360
Chesneya vaginalis,

Jaub. & Spach. .117
Chry sobalanea arbor es-

cens, R. Br. . . .322
Chrysobalaneje . . 307
Chrysobalaneus, Wall. 318
Chrysobalanus Icaco,

Linn 307

Chrysosplenium, Linn. 400
adoxoides, Maxim. . 401
alternifolium, Linn. 400
camosulum, Maxim. 401
carnosum, H. f. $ T. 400
Griffithii, H.f.$T. 401
lanuginosum, H.f.

$ T. - . . . .401
nepalense, Don. . .400
sulcatum, Maxim. . 400
tenellum, H.f.$ T. 401
trichospermum,

Edgw. . . . .400
Cicer, Linn. . . . .176
arietinum, Linn. . 176
Jacquemontii, Jaub.

& Spach. . . .176
Lens, Willd. . . .179
microphyllum, Bth. 176
numularicefolium,

Lamk 66

soongaricum, Steph. 176
Cicuta, Linn. . . . 679
virosa, Linn. . . .679
Cicutaria aquatica,

Lamk 679

Cinclidocarpus nitidus,

Zoll. &Mor. . . 2;* 7

Circsea, Linn. . . . 589

alpina, Linn. . . . 589

cordata, Royle. . . 589

intermedia, Wall. . 589

lutetiana, Linn. . .589

repens, Wall. . . .589

Citrullus, Schroder. . 620

Colocynthis, Schrad. 620

fistulosus, Stocks. . 621

vulgaris, Schrad. . 621

Claviinyrtus ramosis-

sima, Blume . .480
Clavulium peduncu

losum, Desv. . . 84

Clitoria, Linn. . . . 208

acuminata, Grah. . 208

758

INDEX OF GENEKA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page

Page

biflora, Dalz. . .

208

Heyneanum, Wall. .

458

cajansefolia, Benth. .

209

• Harsfieldii, Miq.

458

(rrahami, Steud.

208

insigne, Hk. & Muell

453

maerophylla, Wall.

209

latum, Wall. . . .

453

mariana, Linn. . .

208

latifolium, Blume .

458

mexicana, Link. . .

208

laxum, Roxb. . .

458

pilosula, Wall. . .

208

lepidotum, Presl.

456

Onestid&e; . . . .

46

leucanthum,

Cnestis Juss. . • .

54

Heurck & Muell.
lucidum, Blume.

458

acuminata, "Wall. .

48

454

flaminea Griff. . .

54

macrostachyum,

monadelpha, Eoxb. .

47

* Wall

458

platantha, Griff

54

malulaa, Wall. . .

456

ramiflora, Griff.

54

nanum, Ham. . . .

457

stenopetala, Griff. .

49

neurophyllum, ? Miq.

455

vestita, Wall. . . .

47

ovale, Br

459

Cnidium diffusum, DC.

693

ovalifolium, Boxb. .

458

Coecinia indica, W. &.

pilosum, Boxb. . .

458

A

621

platyphyllum,

Cochlianthus, Benth. .

192

Heurck & Muell.

458

gracilis, Benth. . .

193

Porterianum, Wall.

457

Codariocalyx conicios,

pyrifolium, Kurz. .

453

Hassk. . . .

175

quadrangulare,

gyrans, Hassk. . .

174

Kurz . . . .

456

gyroides, Hassk.

175

ro tundifo Hum , Roxb.

458

Collaa cinerascens,

Boxburghii, G. Don.

458

Grah. ' . .

213

Boxburghii, Spreng.

452

gibba, Grah. .217

218

sarcopterum, Thw.

455

mollis, Grah. . . .

213

semi-adnatum,

trinervia, DC. . .

212

Heurck & Muell.

459

venosa, Grah. . . .

217

sericeum, Wall. . .

450

Colutea, Linn. . . .

103

spinescens, Wall.

453

arborescens, Linn. .

103

squamosum,i?o.r6. .

456

nepalensis, Linn.

103

stenopetalum,

Comarum 'flavum,

Heurck & Muell.

455

Roxb

359

subalternans, Wall. .

454

Salessovii, Bunge, .

348

sudaicum, Miq. . .

458

Combesia abyssinioa, A

.

ternatum, Wall.

457

Rich. . . •

412

tetragonocarpum ,

COMBRETACEJE . . .

443

Kurz . ■ . . .

454

( •ml,ivtnra, Linn. .

453

tetralophum, C. B.

aculeatuni, V%. t.

453

Clarke . . . .

454

acuminatum, Roxb.

455

Thwaitesianwn,

albidum, G. Don.

458

Heurck & Muell.

453

attenuatum, "Wall.

456

trifoliatum, Vent. .

454

apetalum, Wall.

453

undulatum. Wall. .

454

cbinense, Boxb. .

457

virgatum, Wall.

453

eostatum, Roxb. .

455

Wallichii, DC. . .

456

dasystaehyum,

Wallichii, Kurz

455

Kurz. . . .

457

Wightianum, Thw. .

458

decandrum, Boxb.

452

Wightianum, Wall.

458

elegans, Wall.

454

CONNARACE^E . . .

46

extensum, Boxb.

458

Connarus, Linn. , .

50

flagrocarpum, Herb.

asiaticus, Willd.

50

Calc. . , .

455

Championii, Thw. .

52

formosum, Griff

458

ferrugineus, Jack. .

51

Griffithii, Hk. &

Jloribundus, Wall. .

52

Muell

457

foliolosus, Jack. . ,

54

Page
fulgcns, Wall. . . 49
gibbosus, Wall. . . 52
grandis, Jack. . . 53
Griffithii, H.f. . . 52
igneus, Wall. . . 54
Jackianus. Wall. . 54
latifolius, Wall. . . 53
Maingayi, H.f. . . 53
mimosoides, Jack. . 49
mimosoides, Vahl.

49, 50, 54
monocarpus, Linn. . 50
monocarpus, W. & A. 47
monophyllus, Wall. . 56
oliogophyllus, Plch. 53
paniculatus, Boxb. . 52
pentandrus, Roxb. . 52
jpinnatus, Lamk. . 50
Ritchiei, H.f. . . 51
rugosus. Wall. . . 48
santaloides, Vahl. . 47
semidecandrus, Jack, bl
unifoliatus, Thw. . 55
velutinus, Wall. . . 54
Wallichii, Planch. . 53
Wightii, H.f. . . 51

Conocarpus acuminata,

Roxb 450

latifolia, DC. . . 450

Copisma, E. Meyer. . 223

Corallocarpus, Welw. . 627
conocarpa, H.f. . .628
epigsea, H.f. . .628
? etbaicus, H. f. . . 628
Fenzlii, H. f. . . 628
velutina, H.f. . .628

Coriandrum, Linn. . 717
sativum, Linn. . .717

Coriaria, Linn. ... 44
nepalensis, Wall. . 44

CoriariejE .... 44

Corner 740

Cornus, Linn. . . . 744
australis, C. A. Mey. 744
brachypoda, C. A.

Mey 744

capitata, Wall. . .745
maerophylla, Wall. 744
oblonga, Wall. . . 744
sanguinea, Linn. . 744

Coronilla aculeata,

Willd 115

cannabina, Willd. . 115
grandiflora, Willd. . 115
Sesban, Willd. . .114

Cortia, DC. . . . .701
elata, Edgw. . . .698
Hookeri, C. B. C. . 702

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

759

Page

Lindleyii, DC. . .701

vaginata, Edgw. . 700

Corylopsis, 8. | Z. . 427

Himalayana, Griff.. 427

Coryzadenia trifoliata,

Griff. 460

Cotoneaster, Linn. . 384
acuminata, Lindl. . 385
acuminata, Dene. . 387
affinis, DC. . . .387
? affinis, Hohen. . 385
affinis, Lindl. . . .383
baeillaris, Wall. . . 384
? buxifolia, Baker . 387
buxifolia, Wall. . .387
congesta, Baker. . . 387
emarginata, Hoffm. 387
frigida, Wall. . . 385
lanata, Hort. . . .387
Lindleyi, Steud. . 386
microphylla, Wall. . 387
microphylla, Lindl. 386
microphylla, Wall. . 387
multiflora, Bunge. . 386
nevalensis, Hort. . 385
num mularia, Fisch

4' Mey. .... 386
obtusa, Wall. 384, 385
prostrata, Baker. . 386
rosea, Edgw. . . .385
rotundifolia, Wall. 386
rotundifolia, Herb.

Str. & Wint. . . 385
Eoylei, Hort. . . 385
Simondsii, Hort. . 386
thymifoiia, Hort. . 387
vulgaris, Lindl. . . 385
Cotyledon, Linn. . .416
amplexicaulis,

Heyne 415

corymbosa, Hb. Rottl. 415
heterophylla, Roxb. 415
hirsuta, Hb. Heyne. 414
laciniata, Roxb. .415
Oreades, C. B. C. .416
pinnata, Lamk. . .413
rhizophylla, Roxb. .413
spathulata, C. B.

Clarke . . . .416
spinosa, Linn. . .416
Crassula, Linn. . .413
campestris, Harv. &

Sond 412

indica, Bene . . .413
pharnaceoides, Fisch

& Meyer. . . .412
Schimperi, Fisch &
Meyer .... 412

Page
Crassulace^e . . .411
Crataegus, Linn. . .383
Clarkei, H.f. . . 383
crenulata, Roxb. . 384
cuspidata . . . .375
glauca, Wall. . .383
integrifolia, Herb.

Ham 387

monogyna, Boiss. . 388
Oxyacantha, Linn. . 383
Pyracantha, Brand. 384
. ribesim, Bertol . . 383
? Skicola, Ham. . .371
Crotalaria, L. ... 65
acicularis, Ham. . 68
acuminata, G. Don. 77
affinis,. DC. ... 83
alata, Hamilt. . . 69
albida, Heyne . . 71
angulosa, Lamk. . 77
anthylloides, Don. . 72
anthylloides, Lam. . 73
Arnottiana, Benth. 78
assamica, Benth. . 75
barbata, Grah. . . 76
benghalensis, Lamk. 79
bialata, Roxb. . . 69
bifaria. Linn. . . 69
bifaria, Wall. . . 69
biflora, Linn. . . 66
biflora, Herb. Madr. 71
bracteata, Roxb. . 83
brevipes, Champ. . 73
Browni, Reich. . . 84
Burhia, Hamilt. . 66
Burmanni, DC. . 75
cesrtctea, Jacq. . . 77
cces'pitosa, Roxb. . 72
calycina, Shrank. . 72
Campbellii, Arn. . 81
candicans, W. & A. 79
canescens, Wall. . 68
capita ta, Benth: . . 74
cephalotes, Hb. Madr. 73
chinensis, Linn. . 73
chinensis, Lamk. . 81
chinensis, Roxb. . 70
clavata. W. 4' A. . 83
crassifolia, Ham. . 68
crinita, Grah. . . 72
cuneifolia, Schrank. 75
cytisoides, Roxb. . 65
cytisoides, Wight . 83
dichotoma, Roth. . 69
digitata, Hook. . . 85
digitata, Wight. . 85
disticha, Zolling . 68
divaricata, Grah. . 81

Page
dubia, Grah. . . 73
elegans, Bedd. . . 74
elliptica, Roxb. . . 85
epunctata, Dalz. . 71
eriantha, S. & Z. . 73
evolvuloides, Wight 68
fenestrata, Bot. Mag. 79
ferruginea, Grah. . 68
filiformis, Wall. . 66
filipes, Benth. . . 66
foliosa, Willd. ./ . 81
formosa, Grah. . . 76
fulva, Roxb. ... 80
genistoides, Willd. . 82
glabrescens, Benth. . 79
globosa, W. $ A. . 66
globulosa, Wight . 66
Grahamiana, W.fy A. 85
grandiflora, Zolling 78
grandis, Hort. . . 80
herbacea, Schweig . 83
herniarioides,W.&A. 81
Heyneana, Grah. . 78
hirsuta, Willd. . .68
hirsuta, Roxb. . . 70
hirsuta, Wall. . . 68
hirta, Willd. . . 70
hirta, Roth. . . .66
Hookeri, Arn. . . 84
humifusa, Grah. . 61
incana, Linn. . . 83
juncea, Linn. . . 79
Kurzii, Baker . . 75
laburnifolia, Linn. . 84
labnrnoides, Kl. . 84
laevigata, Lamk. . 83
lanata, Bedd. . . 77
latifolia, Hort. Calc. 84
leioloba, Bartl. . . 68
leptostachya, Benth. 78
Leschenaultii, DC. . 76
linearis, Hb. Madr. 72
linifolia, Linn. f. . . 72
linifolia, var. Wall. 72
longipes, W. $ A. . 76
lunulata, Heyne . . 80
lupiniflora, Grah. . 76
lutescens, Dalz. . 74
luxurians, Benth. . 81
macrophylla, Wm. . 75
macrophylla, Willd. 229
macropoda, A. Rich 83
macrostyla, Don. . 144
madurensis, Wight . 79
medicaginea, Lamk. 81
medicaginea, DO. . 82
medicaginea, Ham. . 81
mslanocarpa, Wall. 72

760

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page

montana, Heyne . 72

montana, Roxb. . . 71

multiflora, Benth. . 69

mysorensis, Roth. . 70

nana, Burm. ... 71

neglecta, W. & A. . 81

nepalensis, Link. . 73

neriifolia, Wall. . 74

? nervosa, Grab.. . 153

Notonii, W. & A. . 82

nnmmularia, Willd. 66

obiiqua, Wall. . . 68

obtecta, Grah. . . 79

occulta, Grah. . . 72

Oldhami, Miq. . . 73

orixensis, Bottl. . 83

ovaHfolia, "Wall. . 70

pallida, Kl. . . . 84

paniculata, Willd. . 81
parva, Grah. . . .71

patula, Grah. . . 71

peduncularis, Grah. 74

peduncularis, Dalz. 74

pedunculosa, Desv. . 84

peguana, Benth. . 77

pellita, Bert. . . 81

pendula, Bert. . . 84

piiosa, Roxb. . . 70

piiosissima, Miq. . 68

pisiformis, Guill. . 84

porrecta, "Wall. . . 79

priestleyoides, Bth. 74

procumbens, Boxb. . 81

procumbens, Roxb. . 81

prostrata, Boxb. . 67

prostrata, Wight . 67

pulcherrima, Boxb. 80

pulchra, An dr. . . 80

pulchra, DC. . . 80

punctata, Grah. . 71

punctata, Wall. . 72

pusilla, Heyne . . 70

qiiinquefolia. Linn. 84

ramosissima, Boxb. 80

retusa, Linn. . . 75

rhizophylla, Grah. . 72

rigida; Heyne . . 82

rostrata, W. & A. . 82

Bothiana, DC. . . 66

Bothii, Spreng. . . 66

Boxburghiana, DC. 72

rubiginosa„ Willd. . 69

rubiginosa, Roxb. . 69

sagitticaulis, Wall. . 69

salicifolia, Heyne . 77

salicifolia, ? Wall. . 72

Saltiana, Andr. . . 84

saxatilis, Zolling. . 72

Page
scabrella, W. & A. . 70
Schimperi, A. Rich. 83
scoparia, Wall. . . 71
sempei'florens, Vent. 78
sciiparjlorcns, Benth. 78
sericea, Betz. . . 75
sericea, Burm. . . 75
sericea, Willd. . . 79
sessili flora, Limy . "^73
sobolifera, Grah.. 71, 72
spartioides, Spreng. ^ . 82
speciosa, Heyne . . 73
spectabilis, Roth. . 75
stenopkylla^ Yogel. . 72
stipitata) Grah. . 82, 83
stipulacea. Roxb. . 7"
Stocksii, Benth.. < . 67
striata, DC. . . . 84
sirictu, Roth. . . 82
stricta, Roxb. . . 72
su-Lperfoliata, Wt. . . 79
' tecta, Both. . ' . . 72
tenuifolia, Roxb. . 79
tenuis, Wafi. . . 71
tetragona, Boxb. . 78
tetragona, Wall. . 79
tovnentosa, Rottl. . 81
trichophora, Benth. 67
triflora, Heyne . .69
trifoliastrum, Willd. 82
trifoliastrum, Wall. 82
triquetra, Dalzell. . 71
tuberosa, Hamilt. . 219
umbellata, Wight. . 71
uniflora, Koen. . . 65
vasculosa, Grah. . 85
venusta, Wall. . . 73
verrucosa, Linn. . 77
vestita, Baker . . 67
viminea, Wall. . 72, 79
virgata, Mart. . . 81
virgata, Roxb. . . 82
WalJceri, Arnott. . 78
Wallichiana, W. & A. 78
Wightiana, Grah. . 70
Wightiana, Wall. . 70
Willdenoviana, DC. 31

Crudia, Schreb. . .271
zeylanica, Benth. . 271

Crypteronia, Blume . 573
glabra, Blume . . 574
Griffithii, C. B. C. . 574
paniculata, Kurz. . 574
pubescens, Blume . 574

Cryptotheca apetala,

•Blume . . . .569
dichotoma, Bl. . . 571

Ctenolepis, Hf. . . 629

Page

cerasiformis, Natid. 633

Garcini, Naud. . . 629

Cubospermum palustre,

Lour 587

CUCUMEBINEJE . . . 604

Cucumis, Linn. . .619
acuiangidua, Wall. . 615
africanus, Bot. Reg. 617
Chata, Wall. . . .620
*%icatrisatus, Stocks. 620
Citrullus, DC. . .621
Colocynthis, Linn. . 621
eriocarpus, Boiss. . 619
flexuosus, Linn. . . 620
Gurmia, Wall. . . 620
Hardwickii, Royle . 620
integrifolius, Roxb. 612
maculatus, Willd. . 620
maderaspatanus, L. 623
maderaspatanus,

Roxb 619

Melo, Linn. . . . 620
Melo, Naud. . . .619
Missionis, Wall. . 609
muricatus, Wall. . 620
prophetarum, Linn. 619
pseu do- colocynthis,

Royle .... 619
pubescens, Wall. . 619
sativus, Linn. . . 620
trigonus, Boxb. . . 619
turbinatus, Roxb. . 619
utilissimus, Roxb. . 620
verrucosus, Hb. Rottl. 623

Cucurbita, Linn. . .621
Camolenga, Wall. . 622
Citrullus, Linn. . .621
farinosa, Blume . .616
ficifolia, Wall. . . 608
hispida, Wall. . ,616
Lagenaria, Linn. . 613
maxima, Duchesne . 622
maxima, W. & A. . 622
Melopepo, Roxb. . 622
Melopepo, Wall. . 607
moschata, Duchesne 622
Pepo, DC. ... 622
Pepo, Lour. . . .616
umbellata, Heyne . 616
umbellata, Wall. .611

CUCTJRBITACEJE. . . 604

Cuminum, Linn. . .717

Cyminum, Linn. . 718

Cyminum, Wall. . 717

Cyamopsis, DC. . . 92

psoralioides, DC. . 92

Cyanitis sylvatica,

Reinw 406

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

761

Page

Cyanospcrmum javani-

cum, Miq. . . . 220
tomentosum, W. & A. 222

Cydonia, Tourn. . .368
indica, Spach. . . 369
Sumboshia, Ham. . 369
vulgaris, Pers. . .369

Cylista, Ait 219

albiflora, Bot. Mag.
reticulata, lit
scariosa, Ait. . 'tu£19
suaveolens, Grah. .
tomentosa, Roxb. . 823

Cynometra, Linn. . .267.
bijuga, Spanog. . . 2W
cauliflora, Linn. . 268
cauliflora, .Wall. . 267
insequifolia, A. Gray 267
mimosoides, Wall. . 267
polyandra, Roxb. . 268
ramiflora, Linn. . 267
travancorica, Bedd.. 267

Cyrtonema convolvu-

lacea, Rich. . . 627
diver gens, Rich, . . 627

Cyrtotropis carnea,

Wall 188

Cyssopetalumja vanum,

Turcz 696

Cytisus. Cajan, Linn. . 217
flaccidus, Royle . . 63
psetcdo-cajan, Jacq. 217
roseus, Carab. . . 64
sericeus, Willd. . .110

Dalbergia, Linn. f. . 230
acacicefolia, Dalz. . 235
angustifolia., Hassk. 104
arborea, Heyne . .235
arborea, Willd. . .240
assamica, Benth. . 235
Blumei, Hassk. . .234
cana, Grah. . . .237
cassioides, Wall. . 237
Champi oni , Thwaites 231
confertifolia, Benth. 233
congesta, Grah. . .232
cultrata, Grah. . .233
emarginata, Roxb. . 231
ferruginea, Hohen. . 234
ferruginea, Roxb. . 237
flexuosa, Grah. . .238
foliacea, Wall. . . 232
frondosa, Roxb. . .235
frondosa, Wall. . . 234
Gardneriana, Benth. 232
glauca, Wall. . .231
gloiheriflora, Kurz. 236

Page

heterophylla, Willd. 241

hircina, Benth. . .236

hircina, Wall. . .235

horrida, Grah. . .238

javanica, Miq. . .231

Junghuhnii, Benth. 233

• lauceolaria, Linn. . 235

(.1) lauceolaria, Moon 252

;foli;i. Roxb. . . 231

Y/*y.Y\'all. . 234, 237

Ula, Roxb. . 245

^™s°™ ntrn -.. Dalz. 237

DiStylmdW£a.h< . 234

. f.ucc' ..sw^'fioxb. .161

indlcum't*$d^ . . 231
racemosu^^^ > 236

panicui(ftai^\->W<9.\\ .
.... A'am, 237

2JendulayfEiphvre^^\23 1
pse u dd'testta) j Miqo a t ifi 3 2
purpurem>Wa-^. ■ . 235
renifor^f^\jfioc6. . 23<S
rimosa, Rdkb. . . 232
robusta, Roxb. . .241
robusta, Wall. . .235
rostrata, Grah. . .237
rubiginosa, Roxb. . 232
rufa, Grah. . . . 234
scandens, Roxb. . 240
sissoides, Grah. . .231
Sissoo, Roxb. . .231
spinosa, Roxb. . .238
stenocarpa, Kurz . 238
stipulacea, Roxb. . 237
stipulata, Wall. 233, 238
Stocksii, Benth. . . 234
sympathetica, Nim-

mo . . .' . . 234
tamariudifolia,

Roxb 234

tephrosioides,

W. & A. . . . 105

Thomsoni, Benth. . 236

tingens, Wall. . .237

torta, Grah. . . .237

velutina, Benth. . 233

rolubilis, Roxb. . ^.235

zeylanica, Roxb. . 235

Dai-be RGiKE ... 60

Dalhousiea, Grah. . 248

bracteata, Grah. . 248

Dalibardacalycina,DC 327

Daphnephyllopsis ca-

pitata, Kurz . . 747
Dasylonia benghalense,.
DC 696

Page
glaucum, DC. . . 696
javanicum, Miq. . 696
latifolium, Lindl. . 696

Miq 696

Datisca, Linn. . . . 656
cannabina, IJnn. . 656
nepalensis, Don . . 657

Datiscace^: .... 656

Daucus, Linn. . . .718
Carota, Linn. . .718

Decaspermum, Forst. . 469
paniculatum, Kurz . 470
paniculatum, Kurz . 462

Dendrolohium cephalo-

tes, Benth. ■. .162
umbellatum, Benth. 161

Dendropanax, Dene. <$• ■

Planch 733

japonicum, Seem. . 733
parviflorum, Benth. 733
proteum, Benth. . .733

Derris, Lour. . . . 240
acuminata, Benth. . 247
affinis, Benth. . . 242
amoena, Benth. . . 245
brevipes, Baker . .244
canarensis, Baker . 246
Crowd, DC. . . .241
cuneifolia, Benth. . 243
da]bergioides}JSa/irgr 241
discolor, Benth. . . 242
elegans, Benth. . . 242
elliptica, Benth. . 243
eualata, Bedd. . . 244
ferruginea, Benth. . 245
Heyneana, Benth. . 244
Krowee, Roxb. . .241
Maingayana, Baker 245
marginata, Benth. . 245
microptera, Benth. . 243
oblonga, Benth. . . 242
ovalifolia, Bth. 243, 247
paniculata, Benth. . 242
parviflora, Benth. . 240
pinnata, Lour. . .234
platyptera, Baker . 245
polystachya, Benth. 247
robusta, Benth. . .241
fccandens, Benth. . 240
sec-iinda, Baker . . 247
sinuata, Thwaites . 246
thrysiflora, Benth. . 246
timoriensis, DC. . . 240
uliginosa, Benth. . 241
vestita, Baker . . 242
Wightii, Baker . . 247

Desmanthus, Willd. .290

762

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
Adenanlhera, Wall. 286
cinercm, Willd. . .288
lacustris, DC. . . 285
leptophyllus, DC. . 290
natans, Willd. . .285
plenus, DC. . . . 286
polyphyllus, DC. . 286
punctaius, DC. . . 286
stolonifer, DC. . . 285
strictm, DC. . . .290
triquetrus, Willd. . 286
virgatus, Willd. . 290
Desmodium, Dcsv. . 161
abyss'uticurd, DC. . 166
alatum, DC. . . . 163
amomum, Wall. . 170
angulatum, DC. . .167
angulatum, Wall.

144, 171, 172
Apocrines, Hassk. . 164
argenteum, Wall. . 168
auricomum, Grah. . 172
auriculatum, DC. . 163
australe, Hassk. . .162
bambusetorum, Miq. 165
barbatum, Wall. . 167
biarticulatum, Bth. 163
tricolor, Wall. . .164
brachystachyum,

Grah 171

Buergeri, Miq. . .171
ccespitosum, J5C. . . 173
caffrum, E. & Z. .166
cajanifolium, DC. . 161
capitatum, DC. .170
cateniferum. Am. . 163
Cephalotes, Wall. .161
CcSiimhi, Wall. . . 16S
concinnura, JOG.. . 170
confertum, DC. . .167
congestum, Benth. . 152
congestum, Wall. . 162
dasyphyllum, Miq. . 156
dichotomum, DC. .169
diffusum, DC. . .169
difusuw, DC. . .164
distans, Boyle . .172
dplabriforme, Benth. 165
Ifollinera, End!. .166
dubium, Lindl. . . 167
elongatum, Wall. . 104
ferruginmim, Wall. . 171
flexuosum. Wall. . 168
floribundum, G.Don 167
gi'.ngeticurn, jDC. . 168
Gardueri. Benth. . 165
grande. Kurz ■ . .162
Griffithianum, Bth. 171

Page
gyraiis, DC. . . .174
gyroides, DC. . .175
gyroides, Hassk. . .171
heterocarpum, DC. . 171
heterophvllura, DC. 173
heL-rophylluM, Wn\l. 173
Horsfiei'dii, Miq. ,unl56
japonicum, Miq. . 165
jucundum, Thwdxies iZj)
laburni folium, DC. . 10.3
lasiocarpum, DC .^168 |
lati folium, DiC. ,/e . . /
la f /folium, Wigoth. . 7
laxiflorunv 2W Yogel. . 7
/■<j.,"//?,J2CU'ftt«ih. • 8'2j 8
leptostach^aiilioxb. . - 7

Wall \., ■cnth. . . 6
kptostachyu'iro,

Wall 174

Leschcnatilt ii, DC. . 154
l/'ncatum, 8pau. . . 162
maculatum, DC. . 168
?/< t'croj . ftv^fysmk Miq. 174
mnltibxx&ifjjC. . 167
nervosvbn; . Vogel . .171
wwfarcs, Wall. . .168
obcordatum, Kurz . 166
oblatum, Baker . . 166
oblongum, JFoH. . 166
obovatum, Wall. . 170
orbiculatum, Wall. . 170
ormocarpoides, DC. 164
ovalifolium, Wall. . 171
oxyphyllum, DC. .167
parviflorum, Baker . 172
> parvifolium, DC. , 174
patens, Wight . .171
paucinervium, DC. . 170
penduliflorum,

Wall 170

pendulum, Wall. . 170
podocarpum, DC. . 165
podncarpum, Miq. . 165
polycarpum, DC. .171
po'ycaqmr.i, W. & A. 171
polycarpum,, Wall, . 167
prcemorsum, Grah.

154, 174
Pryom, DC. . , .169
pseudo-triquetrum,

DC 163

pseudo -gyroides,

Miq 175

pulchoilum, Benth. . 162
piwctatum, DC. . .226
quinquangulare, Wt. 169
recurvatum, Grah. .164
reniforme, DC. , , 173

Page
repandum, DC. . .166
retroflexum, DC. . 170
retusum, G. Don . 171
Kottleri, Baker . . 174
Bottleri, G. Don . 264
rotundifolium, Bak. 172
rotundifolium,

»U ,Wali 170

xburghii, Wall. . 169

Koyta, W. & A. . .175

rufescens, DC. . .171

sawbuense, DC. . .167

fcgfcalpe, DC. . . .165

P\'dSSchi//iperi, Hochst. . 166

W^scaparkciii, Wall. . 174

I scorpiurus, Benth . 164

sequax, Wall. . .170

sericatum, Presl. . 162

serpens, Wall. . .172

serriferum, Wall. . 167

siliquosum, DC. . .171

fiinuatum, Blume . 166

spirale, DC. . . .164

stipulaceum, Hassk. 174-

strangulatum, Miq. 166

strangulatum, Thw. 169

W. & A. . . . 165
sulcatum, Wall. . .164
tenue, Grah. . . .172
teres, Wall. . . .164
Thwaitesii, Baker . 169
tilisefoiium, G. Don 168
trichocaulon, DC. . 172
trichocaulon, Hassk. 165
triflorum, DC. . .173
trifiorum, W. &A. . 173
triflorum, Wall, . .173
trinerve, Grah. . .165
triquetrum, DC. .163
umbellatum, DC. .161
vestitum, Benth. . 162
virgatum, Zolliug ,. 169
viscidum, DC. . .154
viticinum, Wall . .163
Walkeri, Am. . .169
Wightii, Grah. . .169
Willdenovii, G. Don 169
zonatum, Miq. . .164

Detarium zeylanicum,

Thwaites . . .271

Deutzia, Thunb. . . 406
Brunoniana, Wall. . 407
corymbosa, Br. . . 406
corymbosa, Lindl. . 407
macrantha, H. f. S[

T. 407

Iparviflora, Bunge, 406

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

763

Page
staminea, Br. . . 407

Diacicarpium rotundi-
folium, Hassk. . 743
tomentosum, Bl. . . 749

Dialium, Linn. . . 269
indum, Linn. . . .269
laurinum, Baker . 269
Maingayi, Baker . 269
ovoideum, Thwaites 269

patens, Baker . .
platysepalum,

Baker . . . .
Dicselospermum, C. B.

Clarke . . . .

Ritchiei, C. B. C. .

Dicerma biarticulatum,

DC

pulchellum, DC. . .
repens, Grah. . .
vestitum, Wall. . .

270

270

630
630,

163
162
173
162

1:*

Dichotomanthes, Kurz 581

Dichroa, Lour. . . . 406
cyanitis, Miq. . . 406
febrifuga, Lour. . 40G
latifolia, Miq. . . 406

Dichrostachys, DC. .288
cinerea, W. $ A. . 288

Diesingia scandens,

K Endl. . . . . .212

WHUun/nia irifoliata,

f Eoth 63

Fioclea, H. B. K. . .196
Feryusonii, Thw. . 196
javanica, Benth. . 196
lasiocarpa, Mart. . 196
reflexa, H. f. . .196

Diplochonium sesuvi-

oides, Fenzl. . . , 661

Diplocinium biloculare,

Wight .... 650
Arnottianum, Wt. . 641
cordifolium, Wight . 641
Lindleyanum, Wt. . 643
Roxburghii, Miq. . 635

Diplostemon octan-

drum, Miq. . . .571

Diplozygue .... 607

Dipterocarpus cornU"

tus, Dyer . . . .312

Diptoderris, Benth. . 244

Discopleura, Benth. . 693

Dissochseta, Blume . 543
anceps, Naud. . . 546
annulata, H.f.. . 543
astrosiicta, Miq. , . 544
bancana, Miq. . . 544
bracteata, Blume . 543
bracteosa, Naud. , 543

Page
celebica, Blume . . 544
glauca, Blume . . 546
gracilis, Blume . . 544
intermedia, Blume . 544
microcarpa, Naud. . 544
ovalifolia, Naud. . 544
palembanica, Miq. . 546
pallida, Blume . . 544
punctulata, H. f. . 543
spoliata, Naud. . . 545
superba, Naud. . .544

Dissotis Findlaysonii,
Triana 525

Distylium, Sieb. 4'

Zucc 426

indicum, Benth. . . 427
racemosum, Sieb. $
Zucc 427

Bocynia, Dene. . . 369
Griffithiana, Dene. . 369
Hookeriana, Dene. . 369
indica, Dene. . . . 369

Dolichos, Linn. . . . 209
barbutns, Wall. . .216
benghalensiq, Jacq. . 209
biflorus, Linn. . .210
blandus, Grah. . .213
bracteatus, Baker .210
bro/iteatus, Wall. . 225
bulbosus, Linn. . . 207
candicans, Wall. . 226
Catiang, Linn. . . 205
eiliatus, Klein . .210
conspersus, Grah. . 218
coriaceics, Grah. . 196
crassus, Grah. . .213
Curtisii, Gr. Don . 209
cuspidatus, Grah. . 209
dasycarpus, Miq. . 207
dissects, Lam. . .206
elongatus, Grah. . 215
ensiformis, Linn. . 195
fabaformis, L'Herit. 92
falcatus, Klein . .211
fatmensis, Hochst. &

Steud 224

festivus, Wall. . .209
ficifolius, Grah. . .199
Fin laysonianus,

Grah 218

ga?igeticus, Roxb. . 205
giganteus, Willd. . 186
gladiatus, Jaeq. . .196
glutinosus, Roxb. . 225
grandifolius, Grah. . 198
Lablnb, Linn. . . 209
lanceolams, Grah. .210
lignosus, Linn, , . 209

Page
luteolus, Jacq. . . '205
luteus, Sw. ... 205
macrodon, Grah. . 225
medicagineus, Lam. 223
medicagineus, Roxb. 216
minimus, Linn. . . 223
monachalis, Brot. . 206
obcordatus, Roxb. . 196
ornatus, Wall. . .216
ovatus, Grah. . .211
phaseoloides, Roxb. 199
pilosus, Roxb. . .207
prostratus, Koenig. . 210
pruriens, Linn. . . 187
psoraloides, Lamk. . 92
punctatus, W. & A. 218
purpureus, Linn. . 209
reticulatus, Ham. . 213
rhynchosioides, Miq. 218
rotundifolius, Roxb. 196
rufescens, Grah. . 221
scarabcEoides, Linn. 215
sinensis, Linn. . . 205
Soja, Linn. . . .184
spicatus, Wall. . .198
spicatus, Wall. . .199
subcBoualis, Grah. . 211
subcarnostis, W. & A. 211
suffultus, Grah. . .212
tetragonolobus,IATm. 211
tomentosus, Roth. . 225
tranquebaricus, Jacq. 205
202
211
218
210
230
199
196

trilobatus, Linn.
triloba tus, Wall.
truncatus, Miq. .
unijlorus, Lam. .
vestitus, Grah. .
viridis, Ham.
virosus, Roxb. .
Doodia alopecuroides,
Roxb. . . .
crinita, Roxb.
hamosa, Roxb. .

156
155
156

lagopodioides, Roxb. 156
picta, Roxb. . . .155

Dorema, H. f. $ T. . 708

Doxomma acumina-
tum, Miers . . . 509
angustatum, Miers. 509
cylindrostachya,

Miers .... 509
macrostachyum,

Miers . . . .509
magnificum, Miers . 509
pendulum, Miers . 509
rigidum, Miers . .510
sarcostachys, Miers . 509

Dracontomelum, Bl. . 43

764

SNDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
mangiferum, Blume. 43

Drimycarpus, H.f. . 36
racemosus, H.f . 36

Drosera, Linn. . . . 424
Burmanni, Vahl. . 424
Findlaysoniana,

Wall 424

foliosa, H. f. . . 424
gracilis, H. f. . . 424
indica, Linn. . . 424
intermedia, W. & A. 425
Lobbiana, Turcz. . 424
lunata, Ham. . . 424
peltata, Sm. . . . 424
serpens, Planch. . 424

Droseracsle . . . 423

Dryadanthe

Bungeana, Ledeb. . 346

Dryptopetalum

coriaceum, Arn. . 440
membranaceum, Miq. 441

Duabanga, Ham. . .578
sonneratioides, Ham. 579

Duchassaingia

ovalifolia, Walp. . 189

Luchesnea chrysantha,

Miq 343

fragarioides, Sm. . 343
fragiformis, Don. . 343
sundaica, Miq. . .359

Dumasia, DC. . . .182
congesta, Grab.. . .183
cordifolia, Benth. . 183
leiocarpa, Benth. . 183
pubescens, DC. . .183
villosa, DC. . . .183

Dunbaria, W. § A. .217
barbata, Benth. . .216
calycina, Miq. . .216
circinalis, Baker . 219
conspersa, Benth. . 218
debilis,- Baker . .218
ferruginea, W.$ A. 217
fusca. Kurz . . . 204
Heynei, W. $ A. .217
Horsfieldi, Miq. .213
latifolia, W. & A. .217
oblonga, Arn. . .218
podocarpa, J£«r.? . 218
pulchra, Benth. . .218

Ebenus, Linn. . . .140
ferruginea, J. & Sp. 141

horrvda, J. & Sp. .141

stellata, Boiss. . .140
tragacan thoides,

J. & Sp. . . . 140

Echinocalyx, Benth. . 268

Page
Edgaria, C. B. Clarke 631
Darjeelingensis,

C. B. Clarke . . 632
Edwardsia maderaspa-

tana, Wight 249, 251

mollis, Royle . .251

Elseosticta, Fenzl. . 673

meifolia, Fenzl. .673

Eleiotis, DC. . . .153

monophylla, DC. .153

Bottleri, W. & A. .174

sororia, DC. . . .153

Ellipanthus, H.f. . 55

calophyllus. Kurz . 55

Griffithii, H.f. . . 56

Helferi, H.f . . 55

Thwaitesii, H.f. . 55

tomentosus, Kurz . 56

Embelia urophylla,

Wall 312

Embryogonia arborea,

Teysm. & Binn. ' . 446

lucida, Blume . . 454

Enkylia digyna, Griff. 633

trigyna, Griff. . . 633

Entada, Adans. . . 286

monostachya, DC. . 287

Parrana, Spreng. . 287

Pursatha, DC. . 287

Purscetha, Scheff. .287

Bheedei, Spreng. . 287

Kumphii, Scheff. . 287

scandens, Benth. .287

Entosiphon, Bedd. . 311

Epilobium, Linn. . .582

alpinum, Linn. . . 586

anagallidifolium,

Lamk 585

angustifolium, Linn. 582
brevifolium, Don . 586
cylindricum, Don . 585
fruticosum, Lour. . 587
Gerardianum, Wall. 583
hirsutum, Linn. . 583
Hookeri, C. B. C. . 585
khasianum, C. B.

Clarke .... 585
laetum, Wall. . .584
latum, Wall. . . 584
latifolium, £ffMt. . 583
laxum, Royle . . 587
montanum,TL. f.&T. 585
origani folium,

Lamk 586

palustre, Linn. . . 585
parviflorum, Schreb. 584
reticulatum, C. 5.
• Clarke .... 583

Page
roseum, Schreb. . 584
sericeum, Benth. . 584
serratum, Jacq. . .583
speciosum, Dene. . 583
spicatum, Lamk. . 583
tetragouum, Linn. . 586
tomentosum, Vent. . 584
vestitum, Benth. . 584

Eriobotrya, Lindl. .370
angustissima, H. f. 372
bengalensis, £?"./. . 371
dubia, Dene. . .371
dubia, Dene. . .371
elliptica, H. f. & T. 370
elliptica, Lindl. . . 372
Hookeriana, Dene. . 371
integri folia, Kurz . 380
japonica, Lindl. . 372
japomca, Wenzig . 372
latifolia, H.f. . . 370
longifolia, H.f. . 370
macrocarpa, Kurz . 372
petiolata, H.f. . . 370

Eriocycla nuda, Lindl. 680

Eriosema, DC. . . .219
chinense, Vogel . .219

Eroum filiforme, Roxb. 177
hirsutum, Linn. . 177
Lens, Linn. . . .179
Lens, Wall. . . .177
tetraspermum, Linn. 177

Eryngium, Z/ircw. . . 669
Billardieri, Delar. . 669
carulescens, Jacq. . 670
cseruleum, Bieb. . 669
Kotschyi, Boiss. . 670
planum, Lindl. . .669

Erythrina, Linn. . .188
alba, Boxb. . . .190
arborescens, Boxb. . 190
corallodendron, L. .188
cuneata, Grah. . .188
holosericea, Kurz . 190
indica, Lam. . . .188
lithosperma, Blume 190
maxima, Roxb. . .190
monosperma, Lamk. 194
Wahasuta, Ham. . 190
ovaliflora, Boxb. . 189
picta, Linn. . . .189
picta, Wall. . . .189
reniformis, Ham. . 190
resupinata, Boxb. . 189
secundiflora, Hassk. 190
spathacea, Wall. . 188
stricta, Boxb. . .189
suberosa, Boxb. . 189
sublobata, 2?<xr6. . 190

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

765

Page

mmatrana, Miq. . 190

tomentosa, Ham. . 190

Erythrinbje ... 59

Erythropahim poptdi-

folium, Mast. . . 600
Escaixonieje . . .389
euoesalpinie^e . . 60
Euchresta, Bennett . 248
Horsfieldii, Bennett 248
Eugenia, Linn. . . 473
acuminatissima,

Kurz . . . .483
acutangula, Linn. . 508
alba, Roxb. . . .474
albiflora, Duthie . 479
alternifolia, Wight 497
amcena, Thwaites . 505
amplexicaulis,

Roxb. .... 471
androscemmdes,

Bedd 491

angustifolia, Roxb. 472
amsosepala, Duthie 481
aquea, Burnt. . . 473
areolata, DC. . . 490
argentea, Bedd. . 503
Arnottiana, Wight . 483
assimilis, Thwaites . 493
balsamea, Wight . 491
Beddomei, Duthie . 476
Benthamiana, Wt. . 484
bifaria, Wall. . . 478
bomeensis, Miq. . 484
brachiata, Roxb. . 496
bracteata, Roxb. . 502
bracteolata, Wight . 488
buxifolia, Lam. . .501
calcadensis, Bedd. . 502
calophyllifolia, Wt. 494
calyptrata, Roxb. . 499
? capitellata, Am. . 553
caryophyllata,

Willd 506

caryophyllaea, Wt. . 460
caryophyllifolia,

Lam 499

ceranflora, Kurz . 478
cerasoides, Roxb. . 498
chlorantha, Duthie . 487
cinerea, Kurz . .496
claviOora, Roxb. . 484
codyensis, Mtmro . 501
colorata, Duthie . 492
comosa, Wall. . . 492
concinna, Thwaites . 506
conglomerata,

Duthie . . . .497
contracta, Wall. . 485

Page

cordi folia, Wight . 491

corymbosa, Lam. . 490

corymbosa, Roxb. . 473

corymbosa, Wall. . 487

cot inifolia, J acq. . 501

crenulata, Duthie . 490

cuneata, Wall. . . 495

cuneata, Heyne . . 500

cuneata, Wall. . .485

cuspidata, Wall. . 470

cyclophylla, Thw. . 494

cylindrica, Wight . 479

cymosa, Lam. . . 482

cymosa, Roxb. . .476

decora, Thwaites . 504

decora, Wall. . . 475

densiflora, DC. . . 473
diospyrifolia, Wall. 472

elliptica, Lam. . .501

elliptica, Wall. . . 489

expansa, Wall. . .491

fasciculata, Wall. . 502

ferruginea, Wight . 482

ficifo'l'ia, Wall. . . 476

filiformis, Wall. . 478

firma, Wall. . . . 476
floccifera, Thwaites 504

floccosa, Bedd. . .501

formosa, Wall. . .471

frondosa, Wall. . 490

frondosa, Wall. . . 499

fruticosa, Roxb. . 499

fulva, Thwaites . . 504

fusiformis, Duthie . 479
Gardneri, Thwaites 489
glandulifera, Roxb. 485

gracilis, Bedd. . .505

grandis, Kurz . . 476

grandis, Wight . . 475

grata, Wall. . .486

G-riffithii, Duthie . 481

Helferi, Duthie . . 480

hemispherica, Wt. . 477

Heyneana, Wall. . 500
hypoleuca, Thwaites 501

inophylla, Roxb. . 480

insignis, Thwaites . 504

Jambolana, Lam. . 499

Jambos, Linn. . .474

javariica, Lamk. . 474

javanica, Lam. . .473

Jossinia, Duthie . 500

khasiana, Duthie . 491

Kurzii, Duthie . .478

lseta, Ham. . . .479

lsevicaulis, Duthie . 492

lancemfolia, Roxb. . 475

lanceolaria, Roxb. . 477

lanceohta, Lam. . . 485
laurifolia, Roxb. . 478
lepidocarpa, Wall. . 476
leptantha. Wight. . 484
linearis, Wall. . . 486
lineata, Blume . . 487
lissophyjla, Thwaites 488
lucida, Lam. . . . 501
lucidida, Miq. . .496
mabseoides, Wight. . 505
macrocarpa, Roxb. . 474
macrophylla, Lam. . 471
macrosepala, Duthie 501
Maingayi, Duthie . 484
malabarica, ite^d. . 497
malaccensis, Linn. . 471
mangifolia, Wall. . 480
micrantha, Thwaites 483
microcalyx, Duthie . 493
microphylla, J5grfc?. . 505
Mooniana, Wight. . 505
Mooniana, Wight. . 505
Moorei, F. Muell. . 499
montana, Wight. . 488
Munronii, Wight. . 472
myrti folia, Roxb. . 483
Neesiana, Wight. . 493
nigrescens, Poir. . . 482
nitida, Duthie . . 496
oblata, 7?oj?6. . . . 492
oblongifolia, Duthie 491
obovata, Wall. . .491
obtusifolia, Roxb. . 500
occlusa, Miq. . . . 498
octopetala, Ham. . 482
? odorata, Wight. . 496
oligantha, Thwaites 494
olivifolia, Duthie . 495
operculata, i?oari. . 498
pachyphylla, Kurz . 477
Paniala, Roxb. . . 498
papillosa, Duthie . 495
pauciflora, Wight. ; 479
pellucida, Duthie . 485
pendens, Duthie . . 475
penangiana, Duthie . 486
polyantha, Wight. . 496
polyantha, Wight. . 498
polygama, Roxb. . 470
polypetala, Wight. . 472
precox, Roxb. . .475
pulchella, Roxb. . 506
purpurea, Roxb. . 472
pustulata, Duthie . 495
pyrifolia, Wall. . . 487
racemosa, Linn. . . 507
ramosissima, Wall. . 480
reticulata, Wight. . 480

766

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

revoluta, Wight . 492
rhodomelea, Coram. 482
rivulorum, Thwaites 504
rostrata, Bedd. . .482
Rottleriana, W. $ A. 502
rotundifolia, Wight. 494
Roxburghiana,

Wall 475

Roxburghii, DC. . 502
rubens, Roxb. . . 482
rubicunda, Wight. . 495
rubicunda, W. & A. 500
rubricaulis, Miq. . 487
rufo-fulva, Thwaites 503
salicifolia, Buch. . 472
salicifolia, Grab.. . 500
scabrida, Wall. . .486
sclerophylla, Thw. . 494
scoparia, Wall. .489
singampattiana,

Bedd 506

skiophila, Duthie . 486
spicata, Lam. . . 485
Stocksii, Duthie . . 498
subavenis, Duthie . 489
subdecussata, Wall. 491
sylvestris, Moon . 493
tenuis, Wall. . . .500
ternifolia, Roxb. . 471
terpnophylla, Thw. . 503
tetraedra, Miq. . .476
tetragona, Wight. . 497
Thumra, Roxb. . .481
Thwaitesii, Duthie . 506
toddalioides, Wight. 482
? trinervia, DC. . .468
tristis, i£w\z . . . 477
tumida, Duthie . . 487
umbrosa, Thwaites . 489
uniflora, Linn. . . 505
valdevenosa, Duthie 489
venulosa, Wall. . . 490
venusta, Roxb. . . 488
verecunda, Wall. . 496
Wallichii. Wight. . 475
Wightiana, Wight. . 485
Wightii, Bedd. . . 479
Willdenowii, DC. . 505
Willdenowii, Wight. 502
Wynaadensis, Bedd. 506
xanthocarpa, 7%w>. . 503
zeylanica, Wight. . 485
zeylanica, Roxb. . 502
zeylanica, Willd. . 505

EuPHASEOLEJB ... 59

Eupteron, Kurz . . . 734

acuminatum, Miq. . 727

Evia amara, Comm. . 42

Page
Ewyckia capitellata,

Walp 551

cyanea, Blume . .551
Jackiana, Walp. . 551
latifolia, Blume . .551
medinilliformis,

Naud.' .... 551
paniculata, Miq. . 551
tuberculata, Korth. . 553

Falcaria ? diversifolia,

DC 681

Farnesia odora, Gaspar 292

Fatioa nepaulensis,

Wall 575

Ferula, Linn. . . . 707
foetidissima, Regel &

Schmalk. . . .707
Jaeschkeana. Vaike. 708
Narthex, Boiss. . .707
Thomsoni, C. B. C. 708

Ficoide^e 658

Flemingia, Roxb. . . 226
abrupta, Wall. . . 227
augustifolia, Roxb. . 229
bracteata, Wight. . 227
capitata, Ham. . .229
capitata, Zolling. . 229
Chappar, Ham. . .227
chlorostachys, Wall. 227
congesta, Roxb. . . 228
ferruginea, Wall. . 229
fruticulosa, Wall. . 227
Grahamiana,fF.^^. 228
involucrata, Benth. . 229
latifolia, Benth. . . 229
lineata, Roxb. . .228
nana, Roxb. . . . 229
warn,- Wall. . . .229
paniculata, Wall. . 227
Phursia, flam. . . 227
procumbens, Roxb. . 229
procitmbens, Wight. . 230
prostrata, Roxb. . .229
pycnantha, Benth. . 228
Rothiana, DC. . . 220
semialata, Roxb. . 229
semialata, Wall. . . 229
sericans, Kurz . .229
striata, Roxb. . . 228
stricta, Wall. . . 229
strobilifera, R. Br. . 227
tuberosa, Dalz. . .230
vestita, Benth. . .230
Wallichii, W. $ A. . 229
Wightiana, Grah. . 229

Fceniculum, Adans. . 695
dulce, C. Bauh. . . 695

officinale, Allion . . 695
Panmorium, DC. . 695
piperitum, DC. . . 695
vulgare, Gtertn. . 695

Fothergilla involucra-
ta, Falc. . . .426

Fragaria, Linn. . .343
arguta, Lindl. . r 343
Daltoniana, J. Gay 345
elatior, W. & A. . 344
indica, Andr. . . .343
indica, Wall. . . .346
malayana, Roxb. . 343
nilgerrensis, Schldl. 344
nilgerica, Zenker. . 343
nubicola, Lindl. . . 344
Roxburghii, W. & A. 343
sikhimensis, Kurz . 345
vesca, Linn, . . . 344

G-alactia, P. Br. . .192
filiformis, Wall. . . 192
graminea, Heyne . 192
? oxyphylla, Benth. 192
simplicifolia, Dalz. . 191
tenuiflora, W. # A. 192
tenuifolia, Wall. . 192
villosa, W. 4" A. . .192

Gailactiks; .... 59

Galedupa arbor ea,

Roxb 240

elliptica, Roxb. . . 243
indica, Lam. . . . 240
marginata, Roxb. . 243
Piscidia, Roxb. . .107
uliginosa, Roxb. . 241

Galega arborescens,

Herb. Madr. . .111
argentea, Lamk. . .113
Barba-jovis, Burm. . 113
Coloni'la, Ham. . .112
Colutea, Burm. . . 95
Colutea, Willd. . .114
diffusa, Roxb. . .113
Heyneana, Roxb. .111
hirta, Ham. . . .113
incana, Roxb. . .114
lance cefolia, Roxb. . 112
maxima, Linn. . .113
pentaphylla, Roxb. . 113
procumbens, Ham. . 113
purpurea, Linn. . .112
senticosa, Linn. . . 112
sericea, Ham. . .112
spinosa, Linn. . .112
tinctoria, Lamk. . 112
villosa, Linn. . .113

Galbgejk 57

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

767

Gamblea, C. B. C. . 739
ciliata, C. B. C. .739

Gastonia palmata,

Roxb. . . . .732

Geissapsis, W. $ A .141
cristata, W. $ A. .141
tenella, Benth. . .141

Genista versicolor,

Wall 116

Getonia floribunda,

Roxb 449

nitida, Roth. . . .450
nutans, Roxb. . . 449

Geniste^e .... 56

Geum, Linn. . . . 342
adnatum, Wall. . . 343
elatum, Wall. . .343
Soviet, Wall. . . 342
urbanum, Linn. . . 342

Gilibertia palmata,

DC 732

Gisekia, Linn. . . . 664
linearifolia, Sebum. 664
molluginoides, Wt. .664
pharnaceoides, Linn. 664

Glaphyria sericea,

Jack 462

Gleiditschuz sinensis,

Linn 261

Glinus dictamnoides,

Linn 662

dictamnoides ,W '.& A. 662
lotoides, Linn. . . 662
Mollugo, Fenzl. . . 662
mucronata, Klotzsch 661
parviflora, Wall. . 662
tria?ithemoides,Heyn. 661

Gluta, Linn. ... 21
coarctata, Griff. . . 22
elegans, Wall. . . 22
tavoyana, Wall. . . 22
travancorica, Bedd. . 22

Glycine, Linn. . . .183
aurea, Willd. . . .221
cana, Willd. . . .222
capitata, Heyne . .221
cylindriflora, Wall. . 182
debilis, DC. . . .184
densiflora, Roth. . 226
elongata, Roth. . .221
ferruginea, Grah. . 182
flaccida, Wall. . . 63
flexilis, Grah. . .185
Grahami, Wall. . .191
involucrata, Wall.

181, 182
javanica, Linn. . .183
labialis, Linn. . .184

Page
leptocarpa, Grah. . 63
lucida, Grah. . .192
Memnoniaj Delile . 224
mollis, W. & A. . . 1 84
monophylla, Burm. . 153
nummularia, Linn. . 22 1
oxyphylla, Grah. . 192
pallens, Grah. . .184
parviflora, Lam. . .184
parviflora, Wall. . 184
pentaphylla, Dalz. . 184
pondicheriensis, Spr. 220
rhombifolia, Willd. .223
rufescens, Willd. . 220
senegalensis, DC. .184
Soja, Sieb. $ Zucc. . 184
suaveolens, Linn. . 222
suffulta, Wall.. . .182
tenerrima, Grah. . 184
tenuiflora, Wall. . . 192
tenuiflora, Willd. . 192
uniflora, Dalz. . .210
vestita, Grah. . .181
viscida, Willd. . .154
warreensis, Dalz. . 184

Glycines .... 59

Glycy carpus race-

mosus, Dalz. . . 40

Goebelia alopecuroides,

Bunge .... 250

Gomphogyne, Griff. . 633
cissiformis, Griff. . 632
heterosperma, Kurz. 632

Goniocarpus micran-

^w5,Koen.&Sims 430
scaber, Koen. & Sims 431
tetragyna, Labi 11. . 431

Goniogyna hebecarpa,

DC 65

latebrosa, DC. . . 65
leiocarpa, DC. . . 65

Gonocarpus micran-

thus, Thunb. . . 430

Grislea micropetala,

Hochst 572

punctata, Ham. . .572
tomentosa, Roxb. . 572
uniflora, Rich. . . 572

Grona, Lour. . . .191
Dalzellii, Baker . .191
filicaulis, Kurz. . .191
Grahami, Benth. . 191

Guilandina axillaris,

Lamk. .... 258
Bonduc. Linn. . .255
Bonditc, W. & A. . 254
Bonducella Linn. . 254
glabra, Mill. . . . 255

Page
macrocarpa, Grah. . 258
Moringa, Linn. . . 45
Nuga, Linn. . . .255
Wallichiana, Grah. 268

Guldenstaedtia, Fisch. 117
cuneata, Benth. . .117
himalaica, Baker . 117
mirpourensis,i?cft^. 118
multiflora, Bunge. . 118

Gustavia valida, DC. . 511

Gymnopetalum, Am. . 611
? calyculatum, Miq. 516
cochinchinense,iTwr^ 611
? heterophyllum,

Kurz .... 611
Horsfieldii, Miq. . .631
integri folium, Kurz 612
piperifolium, Miq. . 631
quinquelobum, Miq. 611
Wightii, ^m. . .611
zeylanicum, Arn. . 611

Gynostemma, Blume . 633
cissoides, Bth. &

Hk. f. . . . . 633

pedata, Blume . . 633

pcdata,Bth. &Hk.f. 633

Wightiana, Bth. &

Hk. f. . . . . 633

Gynotroches, Blume . 440
axillaris, Miq. . . 440
Dryptopetalum,

Blume .... 440
reticulata, A. Gray . 440

Gyeocarpe^; . . . 443

Gyrocarpus, Jacq. . .461
acuminatus, Meissn. 461
americanus, Jacq. . 461
asiaticus, Willd. . . 461
Jacquini, Eoxb. . .461
rugosus, R. Br. . .461
sphenopterus, R. Br. 46J

Hallia hirta, Willd. . 65
sororia, Willd. . .153
trifoliata, Roth. . 220
Halohageje . . . .430
Haloragis, Forst. . .430
disticha, Jack. . . 442
micrantha, Br. . . 430
oligantha, Arn . .431
oligantha, W. & A.

431, 433

scabra, Benth. . . 430

tenella, Brongn. . . 430

tetragyna, H.f.. . 430

Hamamelideje . . .425

Hamamelis chinensis,

Br 428

768

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
Hapalocarpum indi-

cum, Miq. . . . 569

vesicatorium, Miq. . 569

Haplozygije . . . 665

Hardwickia, Boxb. . 270

binata, Boxb. . . . 270

pinnata, Boxb. . .270

Harlandia bryonioides,

Hance 625

Hedera, Linn. . . . 739
aculeata, Don . .738
acuminata, Wight . 727
(Bsculifolia, Wall. . 738
? Aralia, Jack. . .732
disperma, DC. . , 738
elata, Ham. . . . 728
emarginata, Moon . 729
exdltata, Thwaites . 730
ferruginea, Wall. . 732
floribunda, Wall. . 737
fragrans, Don. . . 725
glauca, Wall . . . 724
glomerulata, DC. . 737
Hainla, Ham. . .735
Helix, Linn. . . 739
heterophylla, Wall. . 731
Jackiana, G-. Don. . 734
japonica, Jungh. . 733
Leschenaultii, W. &

A. 724

mollis, Wall. . . .731

obovata, Wight . . 730

?ovata, Wall . . .734

palmata, Wall . .732

parasitica, Don. . . 724

parviflora, Champ. . 733

polyacantha, Wall. . 735

racemosa, Wight . 729

I rostrata, Wight . .729

' subcordata, Wall. . 724

* -tomentosa, Ham. . 728

trifoliata, W. & A. 724

undulata, Wall. . 738

venosa, Wall. . . 729

Hederopsis, C. B. C. . 739

Maingayi, C. B. C. 739

HedysarevE .... 58

Hedysarum, Linn. . .145

adherens, Poir. . .164

alatum, Roxb. . .163

Alhagi, Linn. . .145

alopecuroides, Roxb. 156

arbor eum, Don . .156

arboreum, Roxb. . 161

articulatum, Roxb . 169

astragaloides, Benth. 146

biarticulatum, Linn. 163

bijugum,- Klein. . .141

Page

Page

bracteatum, Hb. Mr

. 159

pictum, Jacq.

. 155

bracteatum, Roxb.

. 227

polycarpum, Lam.

. 171

bupleurifolium, L.

158

prostratum, Linn.

. 94

cachemirianum, B.

146

pulchellum, Linn.

. 162

cajanifolium, H. B.

ptmctatum, Rottl.

. 226

E.

161

purpureum, Roxb.

. 171

capitatum, Burm.

171

quinquangulatum,

caudatum, Thunb.

163

Roxb. . . .

169

Cephalotes, Roxb.

162

recur vatum, Roxb.

. 164

collinum, Roxb. .

168

reniforme, Linn. .

173

conicum, Poir.

171

reniforme, Lour.

154

conjugatum, Willd.

148

reptans, Roxb. .

173

crinitum, Linn. .

155

retroflexum, Linn.

170

cylindricum, Poir.

158

retusum, Don . .

. 171

dichotomum, Willd.

169

Bottleri, Spreng.

164

diffusum, Roxb. .

164

rotundifolium, Vahl

92

diffusum, Willd.

169

Boxburghii, Spreng.

164

diphyllum, Linn.

147

rugosum, Willd.

159

erinaceum, Poir.

92

sambuense, Don. .

167

Falconeri, Baker

146

sennoides, Willd.

152

floribundum, Don.

167

sericeum, Thunb.

142

gangeticum, Linn.

16,8

sikkiniense, Benth

145

Gibsoni, Grah. .

140

siliquosum, Burm.

171

glumaceum, Koen. .

159

sororium, Linn. .

153

gramineum, Retz.

158

sparteum, Burm.

140

gyrans, Linn. . .

174

spirale, Schwartz.

164

gyroides, Roxb. . .

175

stipulaceum, Burm.

173

hamatum, Burm.

148

strobiliferum, Baker 1 46

hamatum, Heyne. .

157

strobiliferum, Linn.

227

hamosum, Roxb.

156

styraci folium, Linn.

170

heterocarpum, Linn.

171

styraci folium, Roxb.

159

heterophyllum,

tenellum, Don. . .

174

Willd

173

tilicefolium, Don. .

168

junceum, Linn. f. .

142

tomentosum, Thunb.

143

kumaoncnse, Benth.

145

triflorum, Linn.

173

laburnifolium, Poir.

163

triquetrum, Linn. .

163

lagenarium, Roxb. .

152

tuberosum, Roxb. .

197

lagopoides, Burm. .

156

umbellatum, Linn. .

161

latebrosum, Linn. .

65

umbellatum, Roxb. .

162

lalifoliwn, Roxb. .

169

vaginale, Linn. . .

158

laxiflorum, Benth. .

146

varium, Roth. . .

153

laxum, Spreng. . .

165

vespertilionis, Linn. .

154

leiocarpa, DC. . .

65

viscidum, Linn. . .

154

lineatum, Linn. .

228

Wallichianum, Spr.

167

longifolium, Rottl. .

159

Hegetschweilera pul-

maculatum, Linn. .

168

chella, Regel. . .

158

microcalyx, Baker .

147

Hehsciadium ? Heyne-

moniliferum, Linn. .

157

anum, DC. . .

684

mucronatum, Blume.

161

? pubescens DC. .

688

Nell-Tali, Roxb.

151

? tenerum, DC. . .

686

nummidarifolium,

? trifoliatum DC. .

688

DC

140

Wallichianum, Miq.

688

nummularifolium,

Helwingia, Willd. . .

726

Linn. ... 92,

158

himalaica, H.f. Sf T.

726

obcordatum, Poir. .

154

populifolia, Spreng.

727

orbiculatum, Rottler.

174

Hemiandrina borneen-

ormocarpoides, Desv.

164

sis,.B.. f. . . .

47

patens, Roxb. . .

171 1

Henslovia affinis, PI .

574

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

769

Page
glabra, Wall. . . .574
leptostachys, Planch. 574
pubescens, Wall. . 574
Henslowia affinis, PL . 574
Hookeri, Wall. . . 574
pubescens, Griff. . 574
Heptapleurum, Gtn. . 727
biternatum, C. B. C. 731
capitatum, Seem. 731, 732
Cephalotes, C. B. C. 731
elatum, C. B. C. . 728
ellipticum, Seem. . 729
emarginatum, Seem. 729
exaltatum, Seem. . 730
glaucum, C. B. G . 728
glaticum, Kurz . .728
heterophyllum,

Seem 781

hypoleucum, Kurz, 728
impressum, G B. C. 728
khasianum, C. B. C. 730
macrophylla Wall. . 730
racemosum, Bedd. . 729
rostratum, Bedd. . 729
stellatum, Gaertn. . 730
subulatum, Seem. . 730
terebinthacea, Wall. 729
terebinthacea, Vahl . 730
Vahlii, Thwaites .730
venulosum, Seem . 739
Wallichiana, Dalz.

&Gibs 730

Wallichianum, G B.

Clarke . . . .730

Wallichianum,Seem. 730

Heracleum, Linn. . .711

absinthifolium,Y exit. 717

aquilegifolium, G. B.

Clarke .... 715
Brunonis, Benth. . 713
burmanicum, Kurz. 714
cachemiricum, C. B.

Clarke .... 712
candicans, Wall. . 714
canescens, Lindl. .713
ceylanicum, Gardn. 716
? cinereum, Lindl. . 713
concanense, Dalz. . 716
diversifolium, Wall. 712
grandiflorum, Dalz.

& Gibs. . . .716
hirsutum, Edgw. . 713
Hookerianum, W. #

A. 715

Jacquemontii, C. B.

Clarke . . . . 712
nepalense, Don . .714
nubigenum, C.B.C. 713

YOL. II.

Page
obtusifolium, Wall. 714
pedatum, Wight . 716
Pinda, Dalz. $ Gibs. 717
pinnatum, C. B. C. 712
rigens, Wall. . .715
Sprengelianum, W.

if A 716

Sprengelianum, Dalz.

& Gibs. . . . 715
Sprengelianum,Thw. 716
sublineare, C. B. C. 713
Thomsonii, C. 5. C. 711
tomentosum, Dalz. &

Gibs 689

tomentosum, Smith. 717
traqoides, Benth. .712
Wallichii, DC. . .712
Herpetospermum, Wall. 613
caudigerum, Wall. . 613

Heteroloma, Benth.

Heteropanax, Seem. . 734
fragrans, Seem. . .734

Heterosciadi^: . . 665

Heylandia, DC. . . 64
cordifolia, Grah. . 93
hebecarpa, DC. . . 65
latebrosa, DC. . . 65
leiocarpa, DC. . , 65

Hippuris, Linn. . . 432
vulgaris. Linn. . .432

Hiptage,Wall. . . .448

Hiraa Finlaysoniana,

Wall. Cat. 462, 470

Hodgsoniana, H.f. $ T. 606
heteroclita, H. f.
$ T. .... 606

Holigarna, Ham. . . 36
albicans, H.f. . . 38
Arnottiana, H. f. . 36
Beddomei, H. f. . 38
ferruginea, March. . 37
Grahamii, H.f. . 37
Grahamii, Kurz . 38
Helferi, H.f. . . 37
longifolia, Roxb. . 37
longi folia, Wt. & Arn. 36
racemosa, Roxb. . 36

Homalium, Jacq. . .595
fcetidum, Benth. . 597
foetidum, Kurz . .598
fcetidum, Benth. . 597
grandiflorum, Benth. 598
Griffithianum, Kurz 597
longifolium, Benth. 596
longifoHum. Benth. 597
minutiflorum, Kurz 596
nepalense, Benth. . 596
propinquum, C. 2?. C. 59 7

Page
Schlichii, ifr«-.? . . 597
tomentosum, Benth. 596
travancoricum, Bedd. 598
zeylanicum, Benth. 596

Homqcentria vagans,

Naud 526

Hosackia indica, Grah. 63

Humboldtia, FaAZ. . 273
Brunonis, Wall. . 274
laurifolia, Fa^. . 273
unijuga, Bedd. . . 274
Vahliana, Wight . 274

Hydrangea, Linn. . . 403
altissima, Wall. . 404
anomqla, Don . . 405
aspera, Don . . . 404
cyanema, Nutt. . . 404
heteromalla, Don . 405
khasiana, H. f. & T. 405
robusta, H.f # T. 404
scandens, Maxim. . 404
stylosa, H.f. $ T. 405
vestita, Wall. . . 405
vestita, Wall. . . 4<>4

Hydrangea . . . 388

Hydrilla verticillata,

Richard . . .432

Hydrocotyle, Linn. . 667
asiatica, Linn. . .669
burmannica, Kurz . 668
conferta, Wight .668
densiflora, DC. . . 668
Heyneana, Wall. . 667
hirsuta, Blume . .667
hirta, R. Br. . . .667
hispida, Don . . 6(>7
javanica, Thunb. . 667
laxijlora, DC. . . 668
lurida, Hanoe. . .669
nepalensis, Hook. . 667
nitidula, A. Richd. 668
perexigua, Hauce . 668
podantha, Molkenb. 668
polycephaJa, W. & A. 667
puncticulata, Miq. . 668
ranuncidoides, Bl. .668
rotundifiora, Roxb. 668
sibthorpioides, Lara. 669
striqosa, Ham. . .667
ten'ella, Don . . .668
Wightiana, Wall. . 669
zeylanica, DC. . . 667
Zollingeri, Molkenb. 668

Hydrolythrum, H.f . 571
Wallichii, H.f. . . 572

Hymenolama angeli-

coides, DC. . . 703
Benthami, DC. . . 703
3 D

770

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
Brunonis, DC. . . 706
Brunonis, Lindl. . 706
Candollii, Benth. . 703
1 densiflorum, Lindl. 706
dentata,T)C. . . .704
Govaniana, DC. . 702
latifolia, Lindl. . 703
Lindleyana, Kl. . 705
nana, Ost.-Sack. . 705
obtusimcula, DC. . 673
pimpinellifolia,

Ost.-Sack. . . .703
pumila, DC. . . . 704
rotundata, DC. . . 703
stellata, Lindl. . . 705
? suaveolens, Kl. . 706

Hyperanthera decandra,

Willd 45

Moringa, Vahl. . 45

Hypericinea angustata,

Wall 24

Vwcida, Wall. . . 24
micrantha, Wall. . 466
pimentifolia, Wall. 466

Hypobrichia Spruceana,
Benth. .... 568

Hex daphnephylloides,

Kurz .... 747

Illigera, Blume . . 460
appendiculata, Bl. . 460
Coryzadenia, Meissn. 460
khasiana, C. B. C. . 461
Knrzii, C. B. Clarke 460
obtusa, Meissn. . .461

Indigastrum deflexum,

Jaub. & Spach. . 97

Indigofera, Linn. . . 92
adenophylla. Grab.. 96
aruginis, Schweinf. 94
anabaptista, Steud. 102
anceps, Vahl. . . 98
angulosa, Edgw. . 97
arbor ca, Roxb. . .101
arcuata, Willd. . . 96
argentea, Linn. . . 98
argent ea, Roxb . , 97
argentea, Wall. . , 96
armata, Wall. . . 96
articidata, Gouan. 98
aspalathifolia, Roxb. 94
aspalathoides, Vahl. 94
asperifolia, Hochst. 94
atropurpurea, Ham. 101
brachycarpa, Grah. 99
bracteata, Grah. . 100
Brunoniana, Grah. 93
coerulea, Roxb. . . 99

Page
coespitosa, Wight . 94
caloneura, Kurz . 93
canescens, Grah. . 96
ca.nescens, Lamk. . 96
capitata, Grah. . 81
cassioides, Rottler. . 101
cinerea, Willd. . . 96
congesta, Grah. . . 96
cordifolia, Heyne . 93
cylindracea, Wall. . 99
debilis, Grah. . . 98
desmodioides, Benth. 153
Dosua, Hamilt. . .102
Dosua, Wall. . .100
echinata, WiUd. . 92
elUptica, Roxb. . 101
endecaphylla, Jacq. 98
enneaphylla, Linn. 94
ferruginea, Schum. . 98
Fii$aysoniana,

Wall. . . . .100
flaccida, Kcenig. . 97
flexuosa, Grah. . .113
foliolosa, Grah. . . 99
fragrans, Retz. . . 95
frumentacea, Roxb. 94
fusca, G. Don . . 98
galegoides, DC. .100
glabra, Linn. . . 95
Gerardiana. Wall. . 100
Gibsonii, Grah. . .101
glandulosa, Willd. . 94
glauca, Lamk. . . 98
glaucescens, Grah. . 101
glutinosa, Perott. . 95
glutinosa, Roxb. . 95
graveolens, Roxb. . 95
Hamiltonii, Grah. . 101
hebepetala, Benth. . 101
hedysaroides, Lamk. 96
heterantha,Ws\]. 100, 102
heterophylla, Roxb. 97
hirsuta, Linn. . . 98
Hochstetteri, Baker 102
inamcena, Thwaites 99
indica, Lamk. . . 99
Jirahulia, Hamilt. . 101
Kleinii, W. & A. . 98
lateritia, Willd. . 95
leptostachya, DC. . 100
Leschenaultii, DC. . 96
linearis, Guill. . . 97
linifolia, Retz. . . 92
marginulata, Grah. 97
moluccana, DC. . 96
mucronata, Spreng. 97
multicaidis, DC. . 96
mysorensis, Rottl. . 102

Page
orixensis, Roxb. . 96
omithopodoides,

Hochst. . . .102
parviflora, Heyne . 97
pauoiflora, Delile . 97
pedicellata, W. $ A. 95
pentaphylla, Linn. 95
peregrina, DC. . . 96
polyphylla, DC. . .100
polyphylla, Heyne . 102
polyphylla, Rottler 99
prostrata, Roxb. . 92
prostrata, Willd. . 96
pulchella, Roxb. .101
purpurascen s, Roxb . 101
pusilla, Lamk. . . 98
quadrangularis, Gr. 100
retusa, Grah. . . 99
rigida, Willd. . . 96
Sfabra, Roth. . . 97
Schimperiana, Hoch. 98
semitrijuga, Forsk. 98
stachyodes, Lindl. . 102
subulata, Vahl. . . 96
sumatrana, Gaertn. . 99
tenuifolia, Rottl. . 95
ternata, Roxb. . . 96
Thonningii, Thonn. 97
timoriensis, Willd. 96
tinctoria, Linn. . . 99
tinctoria, DC. . . 99
tinctoria, Forsk. . . 98
• tomentosa, Grah. . 102
trifoliata, Linn. . 96
trigonelloides,

Jaub. § Spach. . 94
triquetra, Dalz. . 93
trita, Linn. ... 96
uncinata, Roxb. . 100
nniflora, Hamilt. . 94
verrucosa, Grah. . 101
vestita, Baker . . 96
violacea, Roxb. . .101
virgata, DC. . . 96
virgata, Roxb. 100, 102
viscosa, Lamk. . . 95
Wightii, Grah. . . 99
Zoliingeriana, Miq. 100
Inga, Willd. . . .306
acutangula, Grah. . 306
annularis, Grah. . 303
attenuata, Grah. . 305
bigemina, Willd. . 303
bubalina, Jack. . . 304
bubalina, Wall. . . 304
Clypearia, Jack. . 305
Clypearia, Wall. . 304
contorta, Grah. . . 305

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

771

corcondiana, DC. . 303
cynometroides, Bedd. 306
dimidiata, Hk. & A. 305
dolabriformis, Grah. 286
dulcis,' Willd. . . 302
Finlaysonia, Grah. 305
Finlaysoniana,Wall. 301
flexuosa, Grah. . . 303
geminata, W. & A. 303
grandiflora, Wall. . 301
Jiringa, Wall. . . 304
Kcen'igii, W. & A. . 303
lignosa, Grah. . .286
lobata, Grah. . . . 305
lueida, Wall. 299, 303
subfalcata, Zoll. . . 306
umbellata, Willd. . 303
umhrosa, Wall. . . 302
ventricosa, Grah. . 301
Wightiana, Grah. . 303
Xylocarpa, DC. . . 286

Intsia coriacea, Main-
gay 275

palembanica, Miq. . 275

Involucraria Wallichii,
Seringe .... 607

Irina integerrima, Bl. . 7

Itea, Linn 407

chinensis, Hk. §■ A. 408
fragrans, Wall. . . 409
macrophylla, Wall. . 408
nutans, Boyle . . 408

Jambolifera peduncu-
lated, Gaertn . . 500

Jambosa acuminatis-

sima, Hassk. . .483
amvula, Blume . . 472
alba, Miq.. . 471, 473
alba, Rumph . . . 474
amplexicaulis, DC. . 471

aguea, DC 473

bifaria Miq. . . .478
bracteata, Miq. . . 485
coarctata, Blume . 474
conferta, Korth . . 480
cyUndrica, Thwaites 480
densiflora. Korth . 473
domestica, Blume . 472
domestica, Rumph . 471
firma, Blume . . .476
formosa, Walp. . .471
glabrata, DC. . . 480
grandis, Blume . .476
inophylla, Miq. . .481
lata, Blume . . .479
laurifolia, DC. . . 478
lineata, DC. . . . 487

Page
macrocarpa, Miq. . 474
macrophylla, DC. . 475

Blume . . . .473
malaccensis, DC. . 471
mappacea, Korth . 471
media, Korth . .472
nigra) Rumph . . 472
pauciflora, Dalz. &

Gibs 479

pulchella, Miq. . . 492
purpurascens, DC. . 471
purpurea, Wall. . .472
samarangends, Bl. . 473
8amarangensis, DC. 474
sylvesfris alba,

Rumph .... 471
tenuicuspis, Miq. . 482
Teysmanni, Miq. . 480
vulgaris, DC. . .474
urceolata, Korth . 476
Wightiana, Blume . 482

Johnia congesta, Dalz.

& Gibs. . . .210
Wightii, W. & A. .183

Johrenia alpina,¥enzl. 605

Jonesia Asoca, Roxb. . 271
pinnata, Willd. . .271
scandens, Roxb. . 272
triandra, Roxb. . . 272

Jossinia indica, W. . 500
lueida, DC. . . . 501

Juglans Catappa,

Lour 444

Jussisea, Linn. . . . 587
angustifolia, Lamk. 587
Burmanni, DC. . .587
demmbens, Wall. . 587
diffusa, Forsk. . .587
exaltata, Roxb. . .587
floribunda, Griff. . 597
fluviatilis, Blume . 587
fruticosa, DC. . . 587
longipes, Griff. . .587
octophila, DC. . .587
repens, Linn. . .587
scabra, Willd. . . 587
suffruticosa, Linn. . 587
Swarziana, DC. . . 587
villosa, Lamk. . .587

Kalanchoe, Adans. .414
acutiflora, Haw. . .416
acutiflora, Kurz . 414
brasiliensis, Camb. 415
crenata, Oliv. . .414
crenata, Oliv. . .415
floribunda, W. # A. 414

Page
floribunda, Thwaites 415
glandulosa, Hochst. 414
grandiflora, W. 4" A. 415
heterophylla, Hb.W. 414
laciniata, DC. . .415
nudicaidis, Ham. . 414
pinnata, Pers. . .413
Bitchieana, Dalz. . 414
spathulata, BC . .414
spathulata, Wall. . 415
teretifolia, Wall. .416
teretifolia, Haw. . 415
varians, Haw. . .414
Wightiana, Wall. .415

Kandelia, W $ A. . 437
Rheedii, W. $ A: .437

Kanilia caryophyl-

loides, Blume . . 438
parvi flora, Blume . 438

Kariviajavanica, Miq. 623
Bheedii, Roem. . '625
sanwensis, A. Gray . 624
umbellata, Arn. . . 625

Kendriekia, H.f. . . 526
Walkeri, H.f. . . 526

Keyserlingia, Bunge . 251

Kibessia, DC. . . .552
acuminata, Dene. . 552
cnpularis, Dene. . 552
pubescens, Dene. . 552
simplex, Korth. . . 552
tuberculata, H. f. . 553

Kiesera sericea, Reinw. Ill

Kurrimia ?, Wall. . .408

Lablab cultratus, DC. 209
leucocarpus, DC. . 209
lignosus, Grah. . .209
microcarpus, DC. . 209
nanMnensis, DC. . 209
perennans, DC. . . 209
vulgaris, Savi . . 209

Lachnopodium rubro-

limbatum, Blume 523

Lagenaria, Seringe . 613
hispida, Seringe . .613
idolatrica,

Seringe . . . .612
vittata, Seringe . .613
vulgaris, Seringe . 613

Lagerstroemia, Linn. . 575
calyculata, Kurz . 576
cuspidata, Wall. . 577
elegans, Wall. . . 575
Fatioi, Blume . . 575
floribunda, Jack . 577
Flos-Rftginse, Betz . 577
grandiflora, Roxb . 579
3 d 2

772

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
hexaptera, Miq. . . 577
hirsuta, Eottl. . . 476
hypoleuea, Kurz . 577
indica, Linn. . . 575
lanceolata, Wall. . 576
lanceolata, Bedd. . 575
macrocarpa, Wall. . 577
• microcarpa, "Wight . 576
parviflora, Roxb. . 575
pubescens, Wall. . 578
RegincB, Roxb. . .577
Rottleri, C. B. C. . 576
tomentosa, Presl. . 578
venusta, Wall. . . 576
villosa, Wall. . . 578
Lagonychium Stepha-

nianum, M. Bieb. 288

Laterpitium, Wall. . 695

? coniifolium, Wall. 700

striatum, Wall. . . 699

Lasiobema anguina,

Miq 284

Hortfeldii, Miq. . 284

Lathyrus, Linn. . .179

altaicus, Led. . .180

angulatus, Benth. . 180

Aphaca, Linn. . . 1 79

cashmericus, Royle . 180

erectus, Lag. . . .180

himalensis, Camb. . 178

inconspicuus, Linn. 180

luteus, Baker . .180

ovatus, Royle . .180

pratensis, Linn. . 180

sativus, Linn. . .179

sphsericus, Retz. . 180

tingitanus, Linn. . 180

Lawsonia, Linn. ■ . . 573

alba, "Lamk. . . . 573

inermis, Roxb. . .573

purpurea, Lamk. . 573

spinosa, Linn. . . 573

Lecythideje . . .463

Legnotidbje . . .435

Leguminos-e ... 56

Leucymmcea, Presl. . 512

Leobordea lotoides, Del. 64

Lepidocoma trifolia-

tum, Jungh. . . 229
Leptodesmia, Benth. . 152
congesta, Benth. . 152
Leptospartion grandi-

florum, Griff. > .579

Leptospekme-e; . . . 462

Leptospermum, Forst. 464

amboinense, Blume . 464

flavescens, Sm. . . 464

jloribundum, Jungh. 464

Page
javanicum, Blume . 464
scabrum, Wall. . 407
stamineum, Wall. . 407
Lespedeza, Mich. . .142
argyraa, Sieb. . .142
cuneata, G. Don . .142
decora, Kurz . . .144
elegans, Camb. . .143
elliptica, Benth. . 143
eriocarpa, DC. . .144
Gerardiana, Grah. . 142
glomerata, Horn. . 143
glomerata, Hornem . 143
hirta, Elliott . . .143
indica, Spreng. . . 220
involucrata, Wall. . 229
juncea, Pers. . . .142
juncea, Wall. . 94, 142
kanaorensis, Camb. 142
lagopoides, Pers. . 156
lineata, Pers. . . 228
macrostyla, Baker . 143
paniculata, Royle . 144
parviflora, Kurz . 144
pinetorum, Kurz . 143
Royleana,Miq. . .144
sericea, Miq. . . . 142
sericea, Royle . ,144
Thomsoni, Benth. . 144
tomentosa, Sieb. . 143
variegata, Camb. . 142
Leucsena, Benth. . .290
glauca, Benth. . . 290
Leucodictyon malven-

sis, Dalz. & Gibs. 192
? Levisticum argutum,

Lindl. .... 699
Ligusticum, Linn. . . 698
Afawain, Fleming . 682
Ajouan, Roxb. . . 682
angelicoides, Wall. . 703
Benthami, Wall. .703
Brunonis, Wall. . 706
Candollii, Wall. . 703
coniifolium, DC. . 700
dentatum, Wall. . 704
diffusum, Roxb. . .693
elatum, C. B. C. . 698
Govanianum, Wall. 702
indicum, Wall. . . 693
marginatum, C. B.

Clarke . . . .698
? meoid.es, Jacquem. 671
? nepalense, Don. . 720
obtusiusculum, Wall. 673
pumilum, Wall. . . 704
roiundatum, Wal. . 703
Thomsoni, C. B. C. 698

Page
Limeum, Linn. . . . 664
indicum, Stocks . . 664
Liquidambar Altingia,

Blume .... 429

Altingiana, Blume . 429

tricuspis, Miq. . . 429

Loropetalum, Br. . . 428

chinense, Oliv. . . 428

Lotejb 57

Lotononis, DC. . . . 64
Leobordea, Benth. . 64
Lotus, Linn. ... 9.1
bracteatus, Wall. . 91
corniculatus, Linn. 91
Garcini, DC. . . 91
indicus, Desv. . . 63
major, Scop. . . 91
Stocksii, Boiss. . . 91
Lourea, Neck. . . .154
campanulata, Benth. 155
microphylla, Wall. . 154
obcordata, Desv. . 154
paniculata, Wall. .154
reniformis, DC. . .154
vespertilionis, Desv. 154
Ludia foetida, Roxb. . 598
Ludwigia, Linn. . . 588
diffusa, Ham. . .588
fruticulosa, Blume ■. 588
jussiaoides, Wall . 588
lythroides, Blume . 588
parviflora, Roxb. .' 588
prostrata, Roxb. . 588

Luffa, Cav 614

acutangula, Roxb. . 615
acutangula, W. & A. 614
segyptica, Mill. . .614
amara, Roxb. . . .615
amara, Wall. . . .618
Bindaal, Roxb. . .615
Cattu-picinna, Ser. . 614
clayata, Roxb. . .614
cytindrica, Roem. . 614
echinata, Roxb. . .615,
Goza, Wall. . . .614
graveolens, Roxb. . 614
hederacea, Wall. . . 614
Kleinii, W.$ A. . 616
longistylis, Edgw. . 615
Parvala, Wall. . .614
pentandra, Roxb. . 614
Petola, Seringe . .614
Plukenetiana, DC. . 615
racemosa, Roxb. . . 614
Satpatia, Wall. . .614
tuberosa, Roxb. . ..618
umbellata, Roem. . 616
Lumnitzera, Willd. . 451

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

773

Page

coccinea, W. § A. . 452

littorea, Voigt. . . 452

pentandra, Griff. . 452

racemosa, Willd. . 452
Lupinus cochinchinen-

sis, Lour. ... 75

trifoliatus, Cav. . . 92

trifoliatus, Rottl. . 82

Lythbke: .... 565

Ltthracb^; .... 565

Jjythrum fruticosum,

Linn 572

Pemphis, Linn. f. . 573

Macklottia amboinen-

sis, Korth. . . .464
javanica, Korth. . 464

Maclellandia^ Griffith-

iana, Wight . . 573

Macrolobium bijugum,

Coleb 275

Macronyx strigosus,

Dalz Ill

Macropanax, Miq. . .738
floribundum, Miq. . 738
glomeruhtum, Miq. 737
oreophilum, Miq. . 738
undulatum, Seem. . 738

Macrotropis bancana,

Miq 254

sumatrana, Miq. . 253

Maddenia, H f # T. 317
himalaica, H.f. f T. 318
pedicellata, H.f. . 318

Maingaya, Oliv. . . 428
malayana, Oliv. . .428

Malus communis, Desv. 373
baccata, Desv. . .373

Mammea asiatica, L. . 507

Mangifera, Linn. . . 13
axillaris, Lamk. . 23
csesia, Jack. ... 19
caloneura, Kurz . . 14
domestica, Gsertn. . 14
foetida, Lour. . . 18
fattida, Blume . . 19
foetida, Miquel . . 17
fragrans, Maingay . 18
gracilipes, H. f. . . 16
Griffithii, H.f . . 14
Horsfieldii, Miq. . . 19
indica, Linn. ... 13
indica, Thwaites . 16
indica, Wall. ... 15
lagenifera, Griff. . 18
longipes, Griff. . . 15
Maingayi, H.f. . . 17
microphylla, Griff. . 17

Page
obloDgifolia, H.f. . 16
odorata, Griff. . . 17
oppositifolia, Eoxb. 21
pentandra, H. f . . 14
pinnata, Koen. . . 42
policarpa, Griff. . . 20
quadrifida, Jack. . 16
sclerophylla, H.f . 15
superba, H.f . . 19
sy 1 va ti ca, Roxb. . . 15
zeylanica, H.f. . . 16

Manna hebraica, Don . 145
nepalensis, Don . .145

Maranthes multijlora,

Korth 310

Marlea, Eoxb. . . .742
affinis, Dene . . . 743
alpina, H f.$T. . 744
barbata, R. Br. . . 743
begonisefolia, Roxb. 743
ebenncea, C. B. C. . 742
Griffithii, C. B. C. . 742
nobilis, C. B. C. .^ 743
tomentosa, Endl. ."743

Marumia, Blume . .541
affinis, Korth . . 542
echinulata, Naud. . 542
nemorosa, Blume . 542
oligantha, Naud. . 542
reticulata, Blume . 542
stellulata, Korth . 542
zeylanica, Blume . 542

Mastersia, Benth. . . 195
cleistocarpa, Baker . 195

Mastixia, Bl. . . . 745
arborea, C. B. C. .745
bracteata, C. B. C. . 746
cuspidata, Bl. . .746
Juoghuhniana, C. B.

Clarke . . . .746
Maingayi, C. B. C. . 746
pentandra, Bl. . . 746
tetrandra, C. B. C. . 745
trichotoma, Bl. . .746

Mecopus, Bennett . .160
nidulans, Bennett . 160

Medicago, Linn. . . 89
canescens, Grab. . . 90
denticulata, Willd. . 90
falcata, Linn. . . 90
laciniata, All. . . 90
lupulina, Linn. . . 90
minima, Lamk. . . 91
orbicularis, All. . . 90
polymorpha, Boxb. . 90
procumbens, Besser. 90
sativa, Linn. ... 90
sativa, Wall. ... 90

Page

Medinilla, Gaud. . . 546
Beddomei, C. B. C. 548
crassifolia, Triana . 547
erythrophylla, Ldl. 587
erythrophyllum,

Wall 547

fuchsioides, Gardn. 548
Griffithii, C. B. C. . 549
Hasseltii, Blume . 547
himalayana, H.f. . 549
macrocarpa. Blume . 547
maculata, Gardn. . 548
Maingayi, C. B. C. . 549
malabarica, Bedd. . 548
merguiensis, C. B.

Clarke .... 549
pauciflora, H.f. . .549
radicans, Bedd. . . 548
rosea, Gaud. . . . 547
rubicunda, Blume . 547
speciosa, Blume . . 549
? Walkeri, Wight . 526

Mediniixeje . . .513

Melaleuca, Linn. . . 464
Cajuputi, Roxb. . . 465
Cumingiana, Turcz. 465
decurrens, Wall. . 467
eugenifolia, Wall. . 467
lancifolia, Turcz. . 465
Leucadendron, Linn. 465
Leucadendron, Lam. 465
minor, Sm. . . , 465
saligna, Blume . .465
viridiflora, Gsertn. . 465

Melanium fruticosum,
Spreng 578

Melanochyla, H. f . 38
angustifolia, H.f. . 39
auriculata, H.f . 39
Maingayi, H.f . . 39
tomentosa, H. f . . 38

Melanorrhcea, Wall. . 25
glabra, Wall. . . . 25
Maingayi, H.f. . : 25
usitata, Wall. . . 25
Wallichii, H.f. . . 25

Melastoma, Linn. . . 523
annulatum, Wall. . 546
anoplanthum, Naud. 523
asperum, Linn. . .519
? barbatum, Wall. . 546
brachyodon, Naud. . 524
bracteatum, Jack. . 543
bracteatum, Wall. . 543
cernua, Roxb. . .526
cernuum, Wall. . . 545
crinita, Roxb. . .517
crinitum, Naud. . . 524

774*

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

curva, Roxb. \ . . 525
cyanoides, DC. . .522
decemfidum, Jack. . 524
ellipticum, Naud. . 525
exigua, Jack. . . . 527
eximium, Blume . . 549
fallax, Wall. . 544, 545
fasciculare, Naud. . 524
Findlaysonii, Wall. . 525
? glauca, Griff. . . 545
glauca, Jack. . . . 546
glaucum, Wall. . . 545
gracile, Jack. . . . 545
Houtteanum, Naud. 524
imbricatum, Wall. . 524
lanuginosura, Blume 525
laurifolium, Wall. . 547
? litioreum, Wall. . 528
malabathricum, L. . 523
malabathricum,J&ck. 524
microphyllum, Na ud. 525
moluccanum, Blame 522
napalensis, Lodd. . 524
nemorosum, Jack. . 542
normale, Don . . 524
? obvolutum, Jack. . 523
oxyphyllum, Benth. 528
pallida, Jack. . . 544
petiolare, Wall. . .545
polyanthum, Blume 523
polyanihum, Benth. 546
pulchella, Roxb. . .518
pulverulentum, Jack. 550
reflexa, Blume, . . 550
rhodocarpum, Wall. 542
rotund if olium, Jack. 541
Royenii, Blume . . 525
rubicimda, Jack. . 547
rubicundum, Jack. . 550
rubiginosum, Wall, . 544
rugosa, Roxb. . . 525
sanguineum, Sims. . 524
smilacifolia, Wall. . 550
triflorum, Naud. . . 525
vagans, Roxb. . .526
Wallichii, DC. . . 524
MelastomacejE . .512
Melastomeae . . .512
Melilotus, Juss. . . 89
alba, Lamk. ... 89
altissima, Thuill. . 89
hltissima, Wall. . . 89
emodi, Wall. ... 88
indica, All. ... 89
leucantha, Koch. . 89
macrorhiza, Pers. . 89
minima, Roth. . . 89
officinalis, Willd. . 89

Page
parviflora, Desf. . . 89
vulgaris, Willd. . . 89

Meliosma, Blume . . 3
acuminata, Royle . 4
Arnottiana, Wight . 6
dilleniaefolia, Wall. 4
elliptica, H.f... 5
ferruginea, S. & Z. 4
integrifolia, Wall. . 4, 5
lanceolata, Blume . 7
lancifolia, H.f. . . 5
nitida, Blume . . 6
pinnata, Boxb. . . 6
pungens, Wall. . . 4
pungens, Wall. . . 4
rigida, Sieb. & Zucc. 4
simplicifolia, Roxb. . 5
sumatrana, Jack. . 6
Wallichii, Planch. . 6
Wightii, Planch. . 4

Melothria, Linn. . . 625
bicirrhosa, C. B. C. 627
deltoidea, Thwaites . 626
fcetida, Lamk. . . 627
indica, Lour. . . . 626
odorata, Hk. f. $ T. 626
Begelii, Naud. . . 626
Wallichii, C B. C. . 626
zeylanica, C. B. C. . 626

Memeceyleje . . .513

Memecylon, Linn. . . 553
acuminatum, Smith . 562
acuminatum, Wall. . 565
amabile, Bedd. . .555
ambiguum, Blume . 557
Amherstianum, C. B.

Clarke . . . .557
amplexicaule, Boxb. 559
angustifolium, W. . 562
Arnottianum, Thw. . 553
australe, F. Muell. . 555
cseruleum, Jack. . 559
cceruleum, Kurz . .554
campanulatum, C. B.

Clarke .... 563
campongum, Miq. . 554
capitellatum, Heyne 564
capitellatum, Linn. . 564
capitellatum, Thw. . 564
celastrinum, Kurz . 558
cerasiforme, Kurz . 557
cordatum, Wall. . 559
costatum, Miq. . . 558
cuneata, Thwaites . 564
deccanense, C. B. C. 560
depressum, Benth. . 559
edule, Boxb. . . .563
edule. Lamk. . . . 563

Page
edule, Roxb. . . . 563
edule, Thw. 557, 563, 564
elegans, Kurz . . 554
elegantulum, Thw. . 555
ellipticum, Thwaites 556
flayescens, Trana . 562
floribundum, Wall. . 499
floribundum, Wall. . 564
fuscescens, Thwaites 562
garcinioides, Blume 561
Gardneri, Thwaites 553
globiferum, Wall. . 563
gracile, Bedd. . . 555
grande, Betz. . . 557
grande, Blume . . 558
grande, Wall. . .564
Griffithianum, Naud. 554
Griffi'hianum, Kurz 558
heteropleurum, Bl. . 557
Heyneanum, Benth. 560
Heyneanum, Wight 560
Hookeri, Thwaites . 554
Horsfieldii, Miq. . 558
intermedium, Blume 561
jambosoides, Wight 560
laevigatum, Blume . 5C1
laxifiorum, Wall. . 557
leucantha, Thwaites 564
lucidum, Presl. . .564
lutescens, Presl. . 559
macrocarpum, Thw. 556
macrophyllum, Thw. 5c 9
Maingayi, C. B. C. 557
manillamim, Naud. 559
microstomum, C. B.

Clarke .... 557
myrsinoides, Blume 555
myrtifolium, Wall. 564
Myrtilli, Blume . 561
obtusum, Wall. . . 564
orbiculare, Thwaites 560
ovatum, Sm. . . . 564
ovoideum, Thwaites 556
pachydermia, Wall. . 561
parvi folium, Thw. . 556
pauciflorum, BUime 555
pauciflorum, Wall. . 565
phyllanthifolium,

Thwaites . . . 563
plebejum, Kurz . .561
prasinum, Naud. . 564
proeerum, Thwaites 556
pulchrum, Kurz . '559
punctatum, Presl. . 564
pyrifolium, Naud. . 563
pyrifolium, Presl. . 564
pyriforme, Wall. . 565
revolutum, Thwaites 560

-INDEX OP GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

775

Page
rhinophyllum, Thw. 562
rostratum, Thwaites 562
Boyenii, Blume . . 564
rubro-caerulea, Thw. 564
scutellatum, Naud. . 564
sessile, Wall. . . 559
sessile, Wall. . . 564
subquadr angular e,

DC 564

subtrinervium, Miq. 565
sylvaticum,7'Awa^e5 561
terminate, Dalz. . 558
tinctorium, Keen. . 563
tinctorium, W. & A. 564
umbellatum, Benth. 555
umbellatum, Blume. 561
umbellatum, Burm. 563
umbellatum, Heyne . 564
umbellatum, Thw. . 564
varians, Thwaites . 556
Vosm&rianum,

Scheffer . . .561
Walkeri, Hook' . . 564
Wightianum, Triana 560
Wightii, Thwaites . 554

Mespilus acuminata,

Lodd 385

affinis, Don . . . 385
bengalensis, Roxb. . 371
crenulata, Don . .381
Cuila, Ham. . .372
japonica, Banks . 372
tinctoria, Don . .371

Mezierea Grijfithiana,

A. DC 644

nepalensis, A. DC. . 643

Mezoneurum, Desf. . 257
cucullatum, W. $ A. 258
enneaphyllum,

W. $ A. . . . 258
glabrum, Desf. . . 258
grandis, Heyne . . 258
macrophyllum, Bl. . 258
pubescens, Desf. . 259
sumatranum, W. $
A 259

Micromeles verrucosa,
Dene 378

Micropteryx stricta,

Walp 189

suberosa, Walp. . 189
sublobata, Walp. . 190

Microtropis coriacea,

Wall 440

Millettia, Wt. $ Am. 104
atropurpurea, Benth. 108
auriculata, Baker . 108
Brandisiana, Kurz 108

Page
cserulea, Baker . .107
cana, Benth. . .105
caudata, Baker . .109
cinerea, Benth. . .106
eriantha, Benth. . 108
extensa, Benth. . .109
fruticosa, Benth. . 109
glaucescens, Kurz . 107
leiogyna, Kurz . .109
leucantha, Kurz . 105
Maingayi, Baker . 110
monticola, Kurz . 106
ovalifolia, Kurz . 107
paehycarpa, Benth. 106
pallida, Dalz. . .105
pendula, Benth. . 105
Piscidia, Wight . .107
pubinervis, Kurz . 106
pulchra, Benth. . .104
racemosa, Benth. . 105
rubiginosa, W. <$[ A. 104
sericea, W. fy A. .104
splendens, W. $ A. 104
tetraptera, Kurz . 106
thyrsiflora, Benth. . 246

Millingtonia, Roxb. . 3
simplicifolia, Wall. 4

Mimosa, Linn. . . .291
abstergent, Sprang. 296
Adenanthtra, Boxb. 286
agrestis, Sieb. . . 288
alba, Bottl. . . .294
albida, Roxb. . .294
amara, Roxb. . .301
arabica, Lam. . .293
arbor ea, Thunb. . 300
armata, Rottl. . .291
bigemina, Linn. . 303
biglobosa, Roxb. . 289
casia, Linn. . . . 297
Catechu, Roxb. . . 295
catechuoides, Roxb. 295
cinerea, Linn. . . 297
concinna, Willd. . 296
concordiana, Roxb. 303
cornigera, Linn. . 296
dulcis, Roxb. . .302
dumosa, Roxb. . . 296
eburnea, Linn. f. . 293
eburnea, Roxb. . . 293
elata, Roxb. . . .299
frondosa, Heyne . 294
Famesiana, Linn. . 292
ferruginea, Rottl. . 297
ferruginea, Roxb. . 295
hamata, Willd. . .291
heterophyllaf Roxb. 306
horrida, Sm. . . .293

Page
Intsia, Linn. . . 297
Jiringa, Jack. , . 305
Kceringa, Roxb. . 305
Kalkora, Roxb. . 300
Khinii, Poir . . 294
Latronum, Linn. . 296
leucophlaa, Roxb. . 294
lucida, Roxb. 299, 303
margin ata, Lam. . 299
micwphylla, Roxb. 301
monadelpha, Roxb. 303
mutabilis, Roxb. . 291
natans, Roxb. . .285
nitida, Vahl. . . 303
obovata, Roxb. . . 296
octandra, Roxb . 291
odoratissima, Linn. 299
pedunculata, Roxb. 289
pennata, Linn. . . 297
procera, Roxb. . . 299
pudica, Linn. . .291
pulchella, Roxb. . 301
rubicaulrs, Lam. . 291
Bottleri, Spreng. . 291
rug ata, Lam. . .296
scandens, Linn. . 287
sepiaria, Benth. . . 291
Sirissa, Roxb . . 298
Smithiana, Roxb. . 300
speciosa, Jacq. . . 298
spinosisiliqua, Rottl. 291
stipulacea, Roxb. . 300
Suma, Roxb. . . 294
Sundra, Roxb. . . 295
tamariscina, Heyne 294
tenuifolia, Roxb. . 297
tomentosa, Roxb. . 294
torta, Roxb. . . .297
trapezifolia, Roxb. 305
triquetra, Vahl. . . 286
umbellata, Vahl. . 303
virgata, Linn. . .290
xylocarpa, DC. . . 286

Mimoseje .... 61

MlMOSOIDEiE . . . 266

Mitrosicyos lobatus,

Maxim. . . .633

Modecca, Lam. . . . 601
aliena. Wall. . . 603
apiculata. Mast. . 603
cardiopbylla, Mast. 602
cordifolia, Blume . 602
diversifolia, Wall. . 661
furfuracea, Wall. . 603
? heterophylla, Kurz. 602
integrifolia, Lam. . 603
integrifolia, W&U. . 603
nicobarica, Kurz . 603

776

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
palmata, Lam. . . 603
populifolia, Blume 603
singaporeana, Mast. 601
trilobata, Roxb. . 602
tuberosa, Roxb. . 603
Wightiana, Wall. . 601
Modecceje .... 599
Mollugine^ . . .659
Mollugo, Linn. . . 662
bellidiflora, Bering e 664
Cerviana, Seringe . 663
disticha, Seringe . 663
Glinus, A. Rich. . 662
hirta,- Thunb. . . 662
Linkii, Seringe . .663
lotoides, W. # A. . 662
nudicaulis, Lamk. . 664
parviflora, DC. . . 562
pentaphylla, Linn. . 663
Spergula, Linn. . .662
stricta, Linn. . .663
triphylla, Lour. . 663
umbellata, Seringe . 663
verticillata, Roxb. . 662
Momordica, Linn. . 616
Balsamina, Linn. . 617
Balsasnina, Wall. . 617
caharata, Wall. . 631
~-€harantia, Linn. . 616
cochirichinensis,

Spreng. . . .618
Cymbalaria, Fenzl. 618
denudata, Thwaites 618
dioica, Roxb. . .617
dioica, Wall. . .618
Hamiltoniana,

Wall 617

Heyneana, Wall. . 617
humilis, Wall. . .617
Luffa, Linn. . . 614
Missionis, Wall. . 617
mixta, Roxb. . .618
monadelpha, Roxb. 621
muricata, DC. . .617
Paina, Wall. . .633
renigera, Wall. . .617
senegalensis, Lamk. 617
subangukita, Blume 617
tubiflora, Roxb. .611
tubiflora, Wall. .615
umbellata, Roxb. . 625
Wallichii, Roem. . 617
Monoxora spectabilis,

Wight . . . .469

Moringa, Lamk. . . 45

Concanensis, Mm. . 45

oleifera, Lamk. . . 45

jwlygoua, DC. . . 45

pterygosperma,GTtn

zeylanica, Pers.
Moringe.2B ...
Mucuha, Adans.

acuminata, Grah.

anguina, Wall .

atropurpurea, DC.

bracteata, DC. .

capitata, W. § A.

corymbosa, Grah.

cristata, Ham. .

gigantea, DC. .

? gracilis, Grah.

hirsuta, W. $• A.

imbricata, DC. .

macrocarpa, Wall.

monosperma, DC.

monosperma, Wall

nigra, Ham.

nivea, DC. . .

pruriens, DC.

prurita, Hook. .

reota, Wall. . .

utilis, Wall. . .

vekitina, Hassk.
Mukia, Am. . .

leiosperma, Thw.

scabrella, Am. .

Mundulea, DC.

pulchra, Benth. .

suberosa, Benth.

Muricia cochinchinen-

«ts,-Lour. . .
Myonima multiflora,
Ait

623
110
105
110

618

462

Myriophyllum, Linn. 432
indicum, Linn. . . 432
indicum, Griff. . .432
indicum, Wight . .433
indicum, Willd. . . 433
intermedium, DC. . 433
intermedium, Wight 432
lineare, Heyne . . 433
spicatum, Linn. . . 433
tetrandrum, Roxb. . 433
tuberculatum, Roxb. 432
varice folium, Hook. 433
verticillatum, Linn. 433
Myrobalanus belerica,

Gaertn 445

Chebula, Gaertn. . 446

citrina, Gaertn. . . .446

Mtbtace^: .... 462

Myrteje 463

Myrtus acuminatissima,

Bl 483

amboinensis, Rumph. 464

Page
androsamoides, Poir. 462
bracteata, Willd.. . 502
braziliana, Linn. . 505
camscens, Lour . 469
caryophyllata, Linn. 490
Commersonii, Spr. . 501
communis, L. . . 462
coromandeliana,

Kon 502

cotinifolia, Spreng. 501
Cumini, Linn. . . 499
cymosa, Blume . .496
cymosa, Spreng. . 482
dens? flora, Blume . 473
Heynei, Spreng. . . 502
J ambus, Kunth. . . 474
javanica, Blume . 473
latifolia, Heyne . 502
Leucadendron, Linn. 465
littoralis, Roxb. . . 502
macrophylla,S])rerig. 472
malaocensis, Spreng. 472
qnadrangu laris,

Ham 486

rusci folia,

Willd. . 486, 502
saUgna, Gmel . . 465
smilacifolia, Wall. . 468
Soneratii, Spreng. . 485
spicata, Ham. . . 502
tomentosa, Ait. . . 469
trinervia, Sm. . . 468
zeylanica, Linn. . . 485

Narthex Asafcetida,

Falc 707

Nelitris pallescens,

Miq 470

paniculata, Lindl. . 470
polygama, Spreng. . 470
polymorphs, Bl. . . 470
Nematopyxis fruti-

culosa,Miq. . . 588

prostrata, Miq. . . ^588

pusilla, Miq. . . 588

Neptunia, Lour. . . 285

oleracea, Lour. . .285

plena, Benth. . .286

triquetra, Benth. . 286

Nescea triflora, Kunth. 565

Neurada, Linn. . .368

procumbens, Linn. . 368

Neuradeje . . . .308

Neurocarpmi cajatus-

folium, Presl. . 209
retusum, Hassk.- . 209
Neustantkus javanicus,

Benth. . . . .199

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND STNONYMS.

777

Page
peduncularis, Benth. 197
phaseoloides, Benth. 199
sericans, Miq. . .199
subspicattts, Benth. . 199

Nicolsonia, DC. . .170
congesta-, Wight . .152
reptam, Meissn. . 173

Nimmonia floribunda
Wight 567

Nomismia aurea,

W.& A. . . .221
capitata, W. & A. .221
nummularia,

W. & A. . . .221

Nothopanax frutico-

sum, Miq. . . . 725
? pinnatum, Miq. . 734
tricochleatum, Miq. 727

Nothopegia, Blume . 39
aureo-fulva, Bedd. . 40
Colebrookiana, Bl. . 40
travancorica, Bedd. 40

Notonia Wightii,

W. & A 183

Nysa, Linn. . . . * , 747
sessiliflora, H.f. . 747

Octhocaris, Blume . . ■ 528
javanica, Bkime . . 528
paniculata, Korth. . 528

Odina, Boxb. ... 29
trinervia, Spreng. . 212
Wodier, Boxb. . . 29

(Enanthe, Linn. . . 695
benghalensis, Benth. 696
cortieata, Edgw. . 696
Hookeri, C. B. C. . 697
javanica, DC. . . 696
laciniatum, Miq. . 696
linearis, Wall. . . 696
stolonifera, Wall. . 696
Thomsoni, C. B. C. 697

(Enothera . . . .582

Oldenlandia digyna,

Ketz . . . .399

Omphalobium indicum,

Gaertn. ... 51
pinnatum, DC. . . 50

Onagkace^e . . . .582

Onobrychis, Gaertn. . 141
cuneifolia, DC. . . 92
diffusa, Camb. . .140
heterophylla, C. A. M. 142
rotnndifolium, Desv. 92
Stewartii, Baker . 141

Ononis, Linn. . ... 85
altissima, Lam. . . 85
arvensis, Linn. . . 85

Page
Aucheri, Jb. & Sp. . 91
glutinosa, Mart. . .81
nircina, J acq. . . 85
procurrens, Benth. . 85

Opuntia DUlenii,
Haw 657

Oreocome Candolleana,

Edgw 700

elata, Edgw. . . .700
fllicifolia, Edgw. . 700

Ormocarpum, Beanv. . 152
coronilloides, G. Don 152
sennoides, DC. . .152

Orniosia, Jacks. . . 252
acuminata, Wall. . 250
coarctata, Jacks. . 253
floribunda, Wall. . 252
glauca, Wall. . . 253
macrodisca, Baker . 253
mksrosperma, Baker 253
parvifolia, Baker . 253
robusta, Wight . . 252
travancorica, Bedd. 253
venosa, Baker . . 254

Onithopus perpusillus,
Schmidt . . . .161

Orobus aureus, Stev. . 181
Emodi, Wall. . .181
Uevigatus, W. & K. 180
luteus, Linn. . . .180
orientalis, Boiss. . 181

Orthospbrmeje . . 605

Orygia, Forsk. . . .661
decumbens, Forsk. . 661

Osbeckia. Linn. . .513
alveolata, Bedd. . . 520
angustifolia, Don .515
aspera, Blume . .519
aspera, Bot. Mag. . 519
aspericaulis, H.f. .520
brachystemon, Ndn. . 514
buxifolia, Am. . .518
buxifolia, Thwaites . 519
campestris, Wall. . 518
capitata, Benth. . .516
chinensis, Linn. . .515
chinensis, Linn. . .516
Chulesis, Don . .522
confertiflora, Naud. 514
crinita, Benth. . .517
crinita, Naud. . .517
cupularis, Bon . .514
debilis, Naud . .516
decora, Wall. . .515
Gardneriana, Wight 520
glabrata, Wall. . .515
glauca, Benth. . .519
glauca, Naud. . .516

Page
gracilis, Bedd. . .518
hispidissima, Wight 516
japonica, Naud . .515
Kleinii, Am. . . .519
Leschenaultiana,

BG. 520

Leschenaultiana,

Dalz. & Gibs. .514
Leschenaultiana,

Thwaites . 514, 515
Leschenaultiana, W. 514
linearis, Blume . .515
longicollis, Wall. . 518
minor, Thwaites .519
minor, Triana . .519
Moonii, Thwaites . 520
muralis, Naud . .514
myrtifolia, Blume .515
nepalensis, Hook. . 521
nutans, Wall. . .521
octandra, BG. . ,521
parvifolia, Arn. . .515
polycephala, Naud. . 521
pidchella, Wall. . .518
reticulata, Bedd. . 520
Eheedii, Thwaites . 515
rostrata, Don . .517
rubicunda, Am. . 520
serialis, Naud. . .516
speciosa, Don . .522
stellata, DC. . . .517
stellata, Don . . .517
stellata, Naud. . .517
stellata, Wall. . .517
ternifolia, Don . .617
tetrandra, Roxb. . 545
truncata, Don . .514
truncata, Am. . .514
virgata, W. & A. . 521
virgata, Wight . .521
Walkeri, Arn. . .519
Wightiana, Benth. .519
Wightiana, Bth. 514, 521
Wynaadensis,

G. B. Clarke . .521

zeylanica, Willd. . 516

.zeylanica, Bot Reg. 515

zeylanica, Naud. . 515

zeylanica, Steud. . 514

Osbeckieje . . . .512

Osbeckioidea, Griff. . 516

Osmelia, Thwaites. . 595

zeylanica, Thwaites 595

Osmorrhiza, DC. . . 690

brevistylis,DG. . . 690

Claytoni, C. B. C. . 690

laxa, Royle . . . 690

istylis, DC. . . 690

778

INDEX OP GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Paee

Otanthera, Blume . . 522
bracteata, Korth . 522
cyanotdes, Triana . 522
Koti-gueda, Naud. . 523
moluccana, Blume . 522
nicobarensis, Teysm.

'& Binn. . . .522
rubro-limbata, Link.
& Otto .... 523

Otosema caudata, Bth. 109
externa, Benth. . . 109
fruticosa, Benth. . 109
macrophylla, Benth. 101

Ougeinia, Benth. . .160
dalbergioides,

Benth 161

Outea bijuga, DC. . .275

Oxydium, Bennett. . 174

Oxyramphis macro-
sty la, Lindl. . .144
macrostyla, Wall. . 144
sericta, Grrah. . .144
stenocarpa. Klotz. . 144
virgata, Wall. . .144

Oxyspora, DC. . . . 525
cernua, Triana . . 526
paniculata, DC. . . 525
vagans, Wall. . . 526
vagans, Bot. Mag. . 525
vagans, Wall. . . 526

OxY SPORE JE . . . .512

Oxytropis, DC. . .137
cachemirica, Camb. 139
chyliophylla, Boyle . 139
densa, Benth. . .133
diffusa, Led. . . .140
floribunda, Benth. . 138
glabra, DC. . . .140
glacialis, Benth. . .147
humifusa, Kar. §•

Kir 137

lapponica, Gaud. . 137
Meinshausenii,#cfo\ 139
microphylla. DC. . 139
microrhyncha, Bth. . 137
mollis, Boyle . .137
Stracheyana, Benth. 138
tatarica, Jacquem. . 138
Thomsoni, Benth. . 138

Ozodia foeniculacea,

W. & A. . . . 695

Pachycenfria tubercu-
losa, Korth. . . 565
Walkni, Thwaites . 526

Pachyrhizus, Rich. . 207
angulatus, Rich. . 207
mollis, Hassk. . .199

trilobus, DC. . . .207
Padbruggia dasyphylla,

Miq. . . . .110
Palimbia ramosissima,

DC 709

ramosissima, Thw. .710
Panaceje .... 720
Panax, Linn. . . .725
aculeatum, Ait. . . 726
armatum, Wall. . .723
bijugum, Wall. . . 725
bipinnatifidum,

Seem 722

curcifolia, Griff. . 735
decompositum,Wal\. 722
? foliolosum,Wal\. . 723
Jragrans, Roxb. . 734
fruticosum, Linn. . 795
Ginseng, C. A Meyr. 721
? Heyneanum, Wall. 727
Jackianum, Wall. . 734
Leschenaultii, DC. . 724
Loureirianum, DC. . 726
palmatum, Roxb. . 735
pinnatum, Lamk. . 734
polycarpum, Wall. . 734
Pseudo-ginseng,

Wall 721

secunda, Schultz . 734
serratum, Wall. . .738
tomentotum, DC. . 728
tripinnatum, Wall. . 722
Papilionaceje ... 56
Papularia crystallina,

Forsk 660

Paraderris, Benth. . 242
Parastemon, A. DC. .312
urophyllum, A. DC. 312
Paratropia capitata,

W. & A. . . . 732
elliptica, Miq. . . 729
heterofhylla, Presl. 731
macrantha, Miq. . 729
subulata, Miq. . . 730
terebinthacea, Ain. . 730
venulosa, W. & A. . 729
Wallichiana, Dalz.

& Gibs 730

Parinarium, Juss. . . 308
asperulum, Miq. .310
corymbosum . . ' . 310
costatum, Blume ? . 309
dillenifolium, B. Br. 312
excel sum, G. Don. . 312
Griffithiamim, Bth. 310
Helferi, H. f. . . .311
indicum, Bedd. . .311
.? Jackianum, Benth. 312

Page
multiflorum, Miq. . 310
nitidum, H.f. . .310
♦blongifoliuin, H. f. 309
polyneurum, Miq. . 309
salicifolium, Benth. 310
sumatrana, Jack. . 309
? 8umatranum,K\xrz. 311
sumatranum, Benth. 309
travancoricum, Bedd. 311
Wallichianum,Wall. 311

Parishia, H.f. ... 29
insignis, H.f. . . 30
Maingayi, H. f. . . 30
pubescens, H.f. . 30

Parkia, B. Br. . . . 289
biglandulosa,

W. # A. . . . 289
biglobosa, Benth. . 289
Brunonis, Grah. . 289
insignis, Kurz. . .290
leiophylla, Kurz. . 289
Roxburghii, G. Don. 289

Parkin sonia, Linn. . 260
aculeata, Linn. . . 260

Parnassia, Linn. . . 401
affinis, H. f. & T. . 403
cabulica, Planch. . 403
foliosa, H.f $ T. . 402
foliosa, Drude . .402
Laxmanni, Pall. . 403
maisorensis, Hend. . 403
mysorensis, Heyne . 402
nubicola, Wall. . . 402
Kummularia, Drude 402
ornata, Wall. . . 402
ovata, Ledeb. . . 403
palustris, Linn. . 401
pusilla, Wall. . . 403
Schmidii, Zenker. . 402
subacaulis, K. & K. 403
tenella, H.f $ T. . 403
irinervis, Drude . .403
Turczaninovii, Led. 403
Wightiana, Wall. . 402

Parochetus, Hamilt. . 86
communis, Hamilt. . 86
mactilata, R. Br. . 87
major, Don. ... 86
oxalidifolia, Royle . 87

Paropsia, ISoronh. . . 600
malayana, Planch. . 600
vareciformis, Mast. 600

Parrottia, C. A. Meyer 426
Jacquemontiana,

Dene 429

Passjflora,.Zwm. . . 599
caloneura, Kurz. . 600
geminiflora, Don. . 600

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

779

Page
Heyneana, Wall. . 600
Leschenaultii, DC. 599
nepalensis, Wall. . 600
penangiana, "Wall. . 603
singaporeana, Wall. 606
Walkeri<B, Wight . 599

Passiflorejb . . .598

Pastinaca, Candolleana,
W. & A. . . . 715
glauca, Dalz. . .709
grandis, Dalz. &

Gibs 710

Hookeriana, Wight. 715
ligusticifolia, Wi ght. 715
rigens, Wight. . .715
Sprengeliana, Wight 715

Pegia Colebrookiaiba,

Wt 40

nitida, Coleb. . . 28

Pellacalyx, Korth. . 440
axillaris, Korth. . 440

Peltophorum, Vogel. . 257
dasyrachis, Kurz . 257
femigineum, Benth. 257

Pemphis, Forst. . . 572
acidula, Forst. . . 573
angustifolia, Roxb. 573

Pentapanax, Seem. . 728
Leschenaultii, Seem. 724
Leschenaultii, Seem. 725
micranthum, Wall. . 724
parasiticum, Seem. . 724
racemosum, Seem. . 724
subcordatum, Seem. 724
umbellatum, Seem. . 725

Pentaptera angusti-
folia, Koxb. . . 447
Arjuna, Roxb. . .447
bialata, Roxb. . . 449
coriacea, Roxb. . . 448
cremtlata, Roxb. . 448
glabra, Roxb. . .447
macrocarpa, Wall. . 448
paniculata, Roxb. . 448
pyrifolia, Presl. . 448
pyrifolia, Wall. ; . 453
Boxburghii, Tul. . 452
Saja, Wall. . . .448
tomentosa, Roxb. . 447
undulata, Wall. . 455

Pentaspadon, H.f . 28
velutinus, H.f. . . 28

Peplis indica, Willd. . 566

Pericopsis, Thwaites , 252
Mooniana, Thwaites 252

Persica vulgaris, Mill. 313

Pestalozzia laxa, Thw. 633
pedata, Zoll. & Mor. 633 |

Page
Petah)na alternifolia,

Roxb. . . .452
Petrocarya dillenifolia,

Steud 312

excelsa, Jack. . .312
Petrosciadium coespi-

tosum, Edgw. . . 689
Peucedan&e . . 660, 670
Peucedanum, Linn. . 708

C. B. Clarke . .710
ceylanicum, Grardn. 710
Dhana, Ham. . . 709
dissectum, DC. . .701
glaucum, DC. . .710
glaucum, H.f. & T. 712
grande, C. B. C. .710
graveolens, Benth. . 709
ramossisimum, Wall, 709
sikkimense, C. B.C. 710
? skardicum, C. B. C. 711
Sowa, Kurz. . . .709
Thomsoni, C. B. C. 711
Wallichianum, DC. 700

Phacaastragalina, DC. 124
cachemericg,, Benth. 126
frigida, Linn. . .130
Hoffmeisteri,m. .121
lapponica, DC. . .137
loncjicaulis, Benth. . 126
Vogelii, Webb . .121

Phanera Blancoi, Bth. 278
bidentata, Benth. . 279
bracteata, Benth. . 282
diphylla, Benth. . 278
diptera, Miq. . . ' 285
ehngata, Benth. . 281
excelsa, Blume . . 283
glabrifolia, Benth. . 281
glauca, Benth. . .283
Griffithiana, Benth. 283
ferruginea, Benth. . 283
Finlaysoniana, Bth. 278
mtegrifolia, Benth. . 279
lucida, Benth. . . 278
macrostachya, Bth. 282
nervosa, Benth. . .283
phmnicea, Benth. . 283
purpurea, Benth. . 284
retusa, Benth. . . 279
rufa, Benth. . . .280
semibifida, Benth. . 280
Vahlii, Benth. . . 279
variegata, Benth. . 284
velutina, Benth. . .280

Pharnaceum Cerviana,

Linn 663

distichum, Linn. . 663

Page
Mollugo, Linn. . . 662
occultum, Forsk. . 664
parviflorum, Roth. . 662
pentagonum, Roxb. 662
pentaphyllum, Spr. 663
spathulatum, Spr. . 664
strictum, Spreng. . 663
triphyllum, Spreng. 663
Phaseoleje .... 58
Phaseolus, Linn. . . 200
aconitifolius, Jacq. . 202
adenanthus, 6r. F.

Meyer .... 200
alatus, Roxb. . .200
amarus, Roxb. . . 200
angustifolius, Wall. 206
aureus, Ham. . .203
calcaratus, Boxb. . 203
circinalis, Ham. . 219
cirrhosus, H.B.K. . 200
coccineus, Lam. . .200
compressus, DC. . 2Q0
cornutus, Blume . 202
decurrens, Grrah. . 199
difformis, Wall. . 207
dolichoides, Roxb. . 206
farinosus, Linn. . 203
fuscus, Wall. . . 204
fusiformis, Grah. . 206
glaber, Boxb. . .203
glabrescens, Steud. . 203
gonospermus, DC. . 200
Grahamianus,

W. $ A. . . , 201
grandis, Dalz. §

Gibs 202

grandis, Wall. . . 204
hcematocarpus, DC. 200
hiring Retz. . . . 203
hirtus, Wall. . . 203
inamcenus, Linn. . 200
lucens, Wall. . . .207
lunatus, Linn. . . 200
Max, Roxb. . . .203
multifiorus, Willd. . 200
Mungo, Linn. . . 203
Mungo, Wall. . . 203
nanus, Linn. . . . 200
oblongus, DC. . . 200
obovatus, Grah. . . 205
pauciflorus, Dalz. §

Gibs 202

psoraleoides,

W. $ A. . . . 201
puberulus, H. B. K. 200
pubescens, Blume . 203
pulniensis, Wight. . 206
radiatus, Linn, . . 203

780

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
repens, Grah. . . 205
Boxburgkii,W.ScA. 203
rostratus, Wall. . . 200
saponaceus, DC. . 200
seinierectus, Linn. . 201
senegalensis, Griiill. . 200
sepiarius, Dalz. . .206
setidosus, Dalz. °03

spharicus, DC. . ;00
sublobatus, Grah. . 201
sublobatus, Wall.

... * . 202, 203
subvohtbilis, Ham. . 203
tenuicaulis, Baker . 201
torosus, Koxb. . .204
trilobus, Ait. . . 201
trilobus, Wall. . . 202
trinerrius, Heyne . 203
truxillensis, H. B.

K 200

tumidus, DC. . . 200
tunkinenses, Lour. . 200
velutinus, Grah. . 204
vexillatus, Linn. . 206
vulgaris, Linn. . 200
vulgaris, Wall. . . 200
Wightianus, Grah. 203
Wightii, W. & A^203
Xttaresii, Zuec. . . 200

Phellandrium, Wall. . 682
stoloniferum, Roxb. 696

Philadelphus, Linn. . 407
coronarius, Linn. . 407
corymbosus, Wall. . 406
nepalensis, Loud. . 407
tomentosus, Wall. . 407
triflorus, Wall.- . . 407

Phlebochiton extensum,

Wall. .... 28

Photinia, Lindl. . . 380
? arguta, Wall. . . 382
Blumei, Dene. . .380
? diibcia, Lindl. . .371
dubia, Wall. . .371
dubia, Wenzig. . .371
eugenifolia, Lindl. . 381
Griffithii, Dene. . .381
integrifolia, Lindl. . 381
Lindleyana, W. $ A. 380
longifolia, Dene. . 370
micrantha, Dene. . 381
mollis, H.f. . .381
Natoniana, Wall. . 380
Notoniana, W. $ A. 380
polyneura, King . 377
serrulata, Lindl. . 380
subsessilis, King. . 371

Phyllagathis, Blume . 541

Page
rotundifolia, Blume 541
Phyllodiumpulchellum,

Desv 162

vestitum, Benth. . 162
Pileostegia, H.f. $ T. 405
viburnoides,

H.f SfT. . . 405
Pileostigma mala-

barica, Benth. . 277

racemosa, Benth. . 276

Pimenta acris, Wight 462

Pimpinella, Linn. . 684

aehilleifolia, C. B. C. 684

acronemaefolia,

C. B. Clarke . . 686
acuminata, C. B. C. 686
adscendens, Dalz. . 689
anethifolia, Don. . 683
bella, C. B. Clarke 686
caespitosa, Benth. . 689
Candolleana, W. $
A. . . . . .687

crinitum, Boiss. . 719
diversifolia, DC. . 688
hastata, C. B. C. .687
Heyneana, Wall. . 684
Hookeri, C. B. C. . 687
involucrata, Miq. . 697
? involucrata,

W. & A. . . . 682

javana, DC. . . . 687

lateriflora,

Dalz. 4- Gibs. . 689

Lescbenaultii, DC. 687

monoica, Dalz. . .687

nervosa, C. B. Clarke 684

Parishiana, Kurz . 688

pubescens, Wall. . 688

rhodantha, Boiss. . 685

Saxifraga, Linn. . 685

sikkimensis, C. B. C. 685

sikkimensis, Benth. 699

sinica, Hance . .688

Stracheyi, C. B. C. . 688

tenera, Benth. . .686

tomentosa, Dalz. . 689

trifoliata, Wall. . 688

Wallichii, C. B. C. . 685

Piptadenia, Benth. . 289

oudhensis, Brand. . 289

Piptanthus, D. Don . 62

nepalensis, D. Don 62

Pirigarda valida, Bl. . 511

Pistacia, Linn. . . 13

integerrima, Stew. . 13

Pisum arvense, Linn. 181

sativum, Linn. . 181

Pithecolobium, Mart. 302

aifine, Baker . .304
anama llayanum,

Bedd 305

angulatum, Benth. . 306
bigeminum, Benth. 303
bubalinum, Benth. 304
Clypearia, Benth. . 305
confertum, Benth. . 304
contortum, Mart. . 305
dulce, Benth. . . 302
falcifolium, Hassk. 306
faseiculatum, Benth. 304
geminatum, Benth. 303
lobatum, Benth. . 305
microcarpum,Z?£wi^. 304
montanum, Benth. . 306
nitidum, Benth. . 303
subcoriaceum, Thw. 305
umbellatum, Benth. 303

Pituranthos, Viv. . . 679
nuda, Benth. . . 680
Thomsoni, C. B. C. 680

Planchonia, Blume . 511
littoralis, Van Houtte 511
littoralis, Miers . .511

Plectronia chinensis,

Lour 726

Plebandeje . . . .721

Pleurospermum,#bJfra. 702
angelicoides, Benth. 703
apiolens, C. B. Clarke 705
Benthami, C. B. C. 703
Brunonis, Benth. . 706
Candollii, Benth. . 703
eicutarium, Lindl. . 700
densiflorum, Benth. 705
dentatum, Benth. . 704
Govanianum, Bth. . 702
Hookeri, C. B. C. .705
pumilum, Benth. . 704
? rotundatum, Benth. 703
sikkimense, C. B. C. 702
stellatum, Benth. . 704
stylosum, C. B. C. . 704

Plinia pedunculata,

Linn. f. . . . 505
rubra, Linn. . . 505

Podaiyria bracteata,

Roxb 248

PoDALYBIEiE ... 56

Podocarpium, Benth. . 165

Podolotus hosackioides,

Royle .... 123

Pogonanthera, Blume. 550
pulverulenta, Blume 550

Poinciana, Linn. . .260
elata, Linn. . . .260
pulcherrima, Linn. . 255

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

781

., Page

regia, Bqjer. . . . 260
Roxburghii, G. Don 257

Poivrea Eoxburghii,

DC 452

Polydontia arborea, Bl. 320

Pocyodontia ?ceylanicat

Wight . . . .319
Walkerii, Blume . 321

Polyosma, Blume . . 408
fragrans, Benn. . . 408
ilicifolia, Blume . 409
integrifolia, Blume 409
l&tevirens, Griff. . 409
mutabilis, Blume . 409
Wallichii, Kurz. . . 409

Polyscias, Forst. . .727
acuminata, Seem. . 727
pinnata, Forst. . .727

Polystorthia, Blume . 320

Polyzygus, Dalz. . . 697
tuberosus, Dalz. . 698

Pomarc, Griffith . 381

Pomasterion japoni-

cum, Miq. . . .633

Pongamia, Vent. . .239
acuminata, Grah. . 247
amcena, Wall. . . 245
angustifolia, Ham. 110
atropurpurea, Wall. 108
carul'ea, Grah. . .107
cana, Grah. . . .105
canarensis, Dalz. . 246
cassioides, Wall. . 105
caudata, Grah. . .109
cinerea, Grah. . .106
Corcor, Grah. . .105
coriacea, Grah. . . 240
crassifolia, Wall. . 194
cuneifolia, Grah. . 243
dubia, Grah. . .243
elegans, Grah. . . 242
elliptica, Wall. . . 243
elongata, Grah. 243, 247
emarginata, Wall. . 245
externa, Wall. . .109
femiginea, Wall. , 246
floribunda, Grah. . 242
fruticosa, Grah. . 109
glabra, Fbtf. . .240
grandifolia, Grah. . 246
heterocarpa. Wall. . 106
Heyneana, Grah. . 244
Heyneana, W. & A. 245
Horsfieldii, Miq. . .243
hypoleuca, Miq. . . 243
macrophylla, Grah. 108
marginata, Grah. . 243
monadelpha, Grab. 243

Page
oblonga. Grah. . .106
oblonga, Wall. . . 246
obovata, Wall. . . 243
ovalifolia, W. & A. 247
palustris, Grah. . 106
paniculata, Grah. . 106
paniculata, Wight . 245
pendula, Grah. . .105
racemosa, Grah. . 105
rejlexa, Grah. . . 245
religibsa, Wt. . .241
r^da, Wall. . .194
rosea, Grah. . .194
secunda, Grah. . . 247
sericea, Vent. . .104
sinuata, Wall. . .246
tetraptera, Ht. Calc. 106
triphylla, Wt. . .241
uliginosa, DC. . .241
volubilis, Zoll. &

Moritz. . . .243

Pootia cereopsifolia,

Miq 439

Portulaca decumbens,

Vahl 661

Potentilla, iw, . . 345
adnata, Wall. . . 343
albifolia, Wall. . 347
alpestris, H. f. & T. 357
altaica, Bung. . . 354
ambigua, Camb. . 348
amurensis, Maxim. 359
anserina, Linn. . .350
Arbuscula, Don . 347
argentea, Linn. . 356
arqyrophylla, H. f.

'& T 358

argyrophylla, Wall. 356
Atropos, Hoffm. .360
atrosangui7iea,Ijodd. 357
axilliflora, H.f. . 346
bannehalensis, Camb. 350
barbata, Wall. . .349
bidens, Bertol. . .353
bifurca, Linn. . . 358
bifurcata, Wall. . 355
breviscissa, Bertol. . 354
caspitosa, Lehm. . 358
cana, Wall. . . .359
Candolleana, Royle 357
cataclines, Lehm. . 357
Cautleyana, Royle . 357
cicutarusfolia,

Willd 359

cinerascens, Bertol. 354
Clarkei, H.f. . .351
coccinea, Hoffm. . 355
colorata, Lehm. . 355

Page
commutata, Lehm. . 353
coriandrifolia, Bon . 353
cryptantha, Kl. . 358
cuneata, Wall. . . 348
cuneifolia, Bertol. . 348
curviseta, H.f. . . 358
denticulata, Ser. . 359
r7 . wlosa, Ser. . 343
o : sa, Wall. . . 352
de&ertorum, Bunge . 355
discolor, Camb. . .348
doubjouneana,Cam6. 357
Dicrandii, T. & Gr. . 343
eriocarpa, Wall. . 348
formosa, Don . .355
fragariafolia, Klotz. 343
fragarioides, Linn. 350
fragiformis, Willd. 357
fruticosa, Linn. . 347
fulgens, Wall. . . 349
gelida, C. A. Meyer. 357
Gerardiana, Wall. 350
glauca, Camb. . .353
gracilis, Wall. . . 359
Grahamiana, Wight 350
grandi flora, Hf. & T. 357
Gnffithii, H.f. . .351
Gul. Waldmeri, Kl. 355
Heynii, Roth. . .359
hololeuca, Boiss. . 354
Inglisii, Royle . . 348
insignis, Royle . .357
Jacquem ontiana,

Cambess. . . . 357
kashmirica, H. f. . 355
Kleiniana, W $ A. . 359
Leschenaultiana,

Ser. 350

leucochroa, Lindl. . 357
leuconota, Bon . .352
leuconota, Wall. . .351
Lindenbergii, Lehm. 348
lineata, Trevir. . . 349
meifolia, Wall. . . 353
microphylla, Don . 352
monanthes, Lindl. . 358
Mooniana, Wight . 349
Moorcroftii, Wall. . 353
multifida, Linn. . .358
Munroana, Lehm. . 350
Naspata, Ham. . .349
nepalensis, Hook. . 355
nivea, Linn. . . .368
obovata, Bertol. . 359
ochreata, Lindl. . . 357
peduncularis, Don . 351
perpusilla, H. f. . .346
polyphylla, Wall. . 349

782

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
polychista, Boiss. . 354
proctimbens, Clairv. 345
pseudo-anserina,

Bert. . . .
pteropoda, Boyle
pteropoda, Hoffm.
purpurea. Boyle.
reptans, Linn. .
reticulata, Bertol.
rigida, Wall. . .
ruthenia ? Hb. Ham. 359
Salessovii, Steph. . 348
Saundersiana, Eoyle 354
sericea, Linn. . . 354
Sibbaldi, Holler, f.. 345
Sibbaldia, Griess . 346
Sieversiana, Lehm. 349
soongarica, Bunge . 354
sordida, Klotzsch.
splendens, Wall. .
supina, Linn,
tenella, Turcz
tetrandra, Bunge
trifida, Lehm. .
trullifolia, H.f. . ,
variabilis, Klotzsch
velutina, Wall. .
verticillaris, Steph.
vestita, Kl. . . ,
Wallichiana, Govan 357
Wallichiana, Ser. . 343
Wallichiana, Wall.

PoTENTILLEuE . .
POTERIE.E . . .

Poterium, Linn.

diandrum, Wall.

filiforme, H.f. .

indicum, Gardn.

longifolia, Bertol.

Sanguisorta, Linn. 363
Poupartia mangifera,
Blume . . .

pinnata, Blanco .
Pourthisea, Bene. .

arguta, Bene.

Hookeri, Dene. .

salicifolia, Dene.
Prangos, Lindl.

pabularia, Lindl.
Prinsepia, Boyle .

utilis, Boyle . .
Priotrdpis, W. 4" A.

cytisoides, W. & A
Prosopis, Linn. . ,

spicigera, Linn. . ,

spicata, Burm. . .

Stephaniana, Kunth. 288
Pruned . . . . . 307

350
356
360
347
356
347
347

349
349
359
354
346
343
345
350
351
354
357

359
307
308
362
392
362
362
363

43

43

382

382

382

382

695

695

322

323

65

65

287

288

288

Page
Prunus, Linn. . . .312
acuminata, Wall. . 317
adenophylla, Wall. . 316
aloochao, Royle . .315
amygdalus, Baill. . 313
armeniaca, Linn. . 313
Avium; Linn. . .313
bokhariensis, Royle . 315
caproniana, DC. . .313
cerasoides, Don . .314
Cerasus, Linn. . .313
communis, Huds. . 315
ferruginea, Wall. . 314
humilis, Bunge . .314
institia, Linn. . .315
Jacquemontii, H.f. 314
javanica, Miq. . .316
Jenkinsii, H.f. $ T. 317
Junghuhniana, Miq. 317
Ma'haleb, L. . . . 312
martabanica, Wall. 316
nepalensis, Ser. . .316
Padus, Linn. . . .315
persica, Benth. &

H. f. .... 313
prostrata, Labill. . 313
Puddum, Boxb. . .314
punctata, H. f. # T. 317
ruf*, Wall. , . . 314
? saligna, Royle . .313
sylvatica, Roxb. . 314
tomentosa, Thunb. . 314
trichocarpa, Bunge . 314
triflora, Boxb. . .315
undulata, Ham. . 316

manna,
Hance .... 659

Psammogeton, Edgw. . 719
biternatum, Edgw. . 719
crinitum, Boiss. . .719

Pseudarthria, W. $ A. 153
capitata. Hassk. . 171
gyrans, Hassk. . .174
polycarpa,, Hassk. . 170
viscida, W. <$f A. . 154

Psidium, Linn. . . . 467
Guyaya, Linn. . .468
pyriferum, Linn. . 468
pr>miferum, Linn. . 468

P^'iphocarpus, Neck. . 211
longcpedunc it, kitus,

Hassk. .... 212
palmettorum, Guill.

&Per 212

palustris, Besv. . .212
tetragon olob « *, BC. 211

Psoralea, Linn. . . . 103
corylifolia, Linn. .103

Page
plicata, Belile . .103
tetragonoloba, Linn. 92
Pternandra, Jack . . 551
cserulescens, Jack . 551
capitellata, Jack . 551
echinata, Jack . .552
echinata, Wall. . . 552
latifolia, Triana . 551
paniculata, Benth. . 561
Pterocarpus, Linn. . 238
bilobus, Roxb. . .239
dalbergioides, Roxb. 238
indicus, Willd. . . 238
macrocarpus. Kurz 239
Marsupium, Boxb. . 239
santalinus, Linn, f 239
Wallichii, W. & A. 238
Pterocyclus angeli-

coides, Kl. . . . 703
Pterolobium, B. Br. . 259
indicum, A. Bich. . 259
laderans, Wall. 256, 259
macropterum, Kurz 259
microphyllum, Miq. 259
Pteroloma triguetrum,

Benth 163

Ptychotis? Wall. . . 682
achilleifolia, DC. . 684
Ajowan, DC. . . .682
anethifolia, DC. . . 683
coptica, DC. . . .682
Boxburghiana, DC. . 682
Pueraria, BC. . . .157
brachycarpus, Kurz 169
Candollei, Grah. . 197
composita, Grah. . 198
hirsuta, Kurz . .199
javanica, Benth. . 199
javanicus, Benth. . 199
peduricularis, Grah. 197
phaseoloides, Benth. 199
Stracheyi, Baker . 198
stricta, Kurz . .198
subspicata Benth. . 199
Thomsoni, Benth. . 198
tuberosa, BC. . .197
Wallichii, B C. . . 198
Punica, Linn. . . . 580
Granatum, Linn, . 581
nana, Linn. . . .581
Pycnocycla, Lindl. . 694
abyssinica, Hochst. 694
glauca, Lindl. . . 694
Pycnospora, B. Br. . 153
hedysaroides, B. Br. 153
nervosa, W. & A. . 153
Pygeum, Gaertn. . .318
acuminatum, Coleb. 318

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

783

Page

Page

Page

acuminatum,

Malus. Linn. . .

373

parmflora, Roxb.

. 438

H. f. & T. . . .

319

microphylla, Wall.

376

timorensis, DC.

. 436

? acuminatum, Wt. .

321

nepalensis, Hb. Ham. 374

Rhizophoreje .

. 434

Andersoni, H. f

320

Nussia, Ham. . .

383

Rhodamnia, Jack.

. .468

arboreum, Endl.

322

Pashia, Ham. . .

374

cincrea, Griff.

. 468

arboreum, Endl.

320

polycarpa, H.f.

378

cinerea, Jack.

, 469

brevifolium, H.f.

321

rhamnoides, Dene.

377

concolor, Miq.

. 468

capitellatum, H f

321

Sieversii, Ledeb.

379

Mulleri, Bl. .

. 469

ceylanicum, Bedd. .

319

gikkimensis, H.f. .

373

Nageli, Miq. .

. 469

ceylanicum, Gaertn

321

sikkimensis,

8pectabilis, Blume . 468

Gardneri, H.f. .

321

Wenzig. 377, 378

, 379

subtriflora, Bl.

. 469

glaberrimum, H f.

319

Thomsoni, King.

379

trinervia, Blume

. 468

Griffithii, H f. . .

322

ursina, Hb. Strach.

376

Rhodiola asiatica, Don. 419

Lampongo, Kurz

320

ursina, Wall. . .

376

imbricata, Edgw

. 417

lauceolatum, H. f

319

variolosa, Wall.

374

rosea, Linn. .

. . 417

latifolium, Miq.

322

verruculosa, Bertol.

374

Rhodomyrtus, DC.

. 469

Maingayi, H f

319

vestita, Wall. . .

375

tomentosa, Wight. . 469

moDtanum, H.f.

321

Wallichii, H.f . .

376

Rhynchocarpa, Schr. . 627

parviflorum, Teysm

Quisqualis, Linn. . .

459

? deltoidea, Kurz.

. 627

$ Binnend. .

320

confertum, Jack . .

460

foetida, Schrad.

. . 627

persimile, Kurz .

320

densiflora, Wall.

460

rostrata, Kurz.

. . 627

polystachyum, H.f

320

ebracteata, Beauv. .

459

Rhynchosia crotali-

Walkerii, Blume

321

glabra, Burm. . .

459

rioides, DC*

. . 229

Wightianum, Blume 319

indica, Linn. . . .

459

lucida, DC.

. . 191

zeylanicum, Dalz. &

longiflora, Presl.

459

rosea, DC. . .

. 196

Gibs

321

Loureiri, G. Don.

459

viscida, DC. .

. . 154

Pyracantha crenulata,

malabarica, Bedd.

460

Rhus, Linn. . .

. . 9

Koem. . . .

384

pubescens, Burm.

459

acuminata, DC.

. . 12

Pyrranthus albus,

sinensis, Lindl. .

459

acuminata, DC.

. . 12

Wall. . . .

452

villosa, Roxb. . .

459

Amela, Don .

. . 10

littoreus, Jack . .

452

Rampinia herpetos-

buckiamda, Roxb. . 10

Pyrrotrichia iuberosa,

permoides, C. B.

Cotinus, Linn.

. . 9

W. &A. . . .

219

Clarke . . .

613

Dhuna, Hamilton

l . 11

Pyrus, Linn. . . .

372

Eectomitra tuberculata

Griffithii, Hf.

. . 12

Aria, L. ? . . . .

375

Blume . . .

553

insignis, H.f.

. . 11

Aucuparia, Gaertn.

375

Reichardia decapetala

integerrima, Wall. . 13

baccata, Linn. .

373

Roth. . . .

256

javanica, L. .

. . 10

castaneifolia, Dene.

379

hexapetala, Roth.

259

juglandifolia, Wall. 11

communis, Linn.

374

Reutera acuminata,

Kakrasingee, Royle. 13

crenata, Don . . .

380

Edgw

686

khasiana, H.f.

. . 10

crenata, Lindl. . .

375

Rhipsalis, Gaertn. .

658

Icevis, Wall. .

. . 9

cuspidata, Bertol. .

378

Cassytha, Gaertn.

658

mysorensis, Heyne. . 9

Cydonia, Linn. . .

369

Rhizophora, Linn. .

435

paniculata, Wall

. 10

ferruginea, H. f.

379

apicidata, Blume

436

parviflora, Roxb.

. 9

foliolosa, Wall. . .

376

Candel, Linn.

437

punjabensis, Stewart 10

foliolosa, Wall. . .

377

candelaria, DC. .

436

semi-alata, Murray . 10

granulosa, Bertol. .

378

candelaria, W. & A

435

succedanea, Linn. . 12

Griffithii, Dene.

377

caryophylloides,

velutina, Wall.

. . 9

indica, Wall. . .

369

Jaeq. . . .

438

vemicifera, DC.

. . 11

insignis, H f. . ' .

377

caseolaris, Linn. .

580

Wallichii, H.f

. . 11

integerrima, Don

381

conjugata, Linn.

436

Rhyncosia, Lour.

. . 220

Jaequemontiana,

cylindrica, Linn.

438

acutissima, Thwaites 226

Bene

374

cylindrica, Roxb.

438

aurea, DC.

. . 221

Koyrensium, Kurz .

378

decandra, Roxb. .

436

avensis, Benth.

. . 222

khasiana, Dene. . .

378

gymnorrhiza, Roxb.

437

Beddomei, Baker

. 222

kumaonensis, Wall. .

375

macrorrhiza, Griff.

435

biflora, DC. .

. . 215

kumaeni, Bene. . .

374

Mangle, Linn. .' .

435

bracteata, Benth.

. 225

lanata, Don . . .

375

mucronata, Lam.

435

cana, DC. . .

. . 222

784

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
Candollei, Dcno. . 224
capitata, DC. . .221
coodoorensis, Bedd . 220
cyanosperma, Benth. 222
densitiora, DC. . . 220
densifiora, Wall. . .221
elmigata, DC. . .221
ervoidea, DC. . . .223
Falconeri, Baker . 224
JUicatdis, Grah. . . 224
filipes, Benth. . .221
Grahami, Wall. . . 219
Heynei, W. g A. . 220
himalensis, Benth. . 225
laxiflora, Camb. . .223
medicaginea, DC. . 223
Memnonia, DC. . . 224
microphylla, Wall. . 224
minima, DC. . . .223
mollissima, Dalz. . 226

nuda, DC 223

nummular ia, DC. .221
pilosa, Wall. . . . 224
prostrata, Grah. . .223
pseudo-cajan, Camb. 223
pulverulenta, Stocks 224
rhombifolia, DC. . 223
rufescens, DC. . . 220
sca'rabceoides, DC. . 215
sericea, Spanoghe . 225
stipulosa, A. Rich. . 225
suaveolens, 2X7. . .221
tenuicaulis, Wall. . 224
telutina, Grrah. . .215
vefutina, W. $ A. . 224
twif&a, Wall. . .216
villosula, Thwaites . 225
virgata, Grah. . .219
viscosa, DC. . . .225
Wightiana, Grah. .212
Rhyttdandra, A. Gray . 742

Ribes, Linn 409

acuminatum, Wall. . 410
alpestre, Dene. . .410
desmocarpum, H.f.

# T. 410

glaciale, Wall. . . 410
glutinosum, Jacq. . 410
Griffithii, Hf. $ T. . 411
Grossularia, Linn. . 410
heteroirichumjjedeh. 410
Himalayense, Dene. . 411
Himalensis, Royle. . 410
leptostachyum, Dene. 410
luridum, H.f.$T.. 410
nigrum, Linn. . .411
orientale, Poir. . . 410
rubrum, Linn. . .411

Page
villosum, Wall. . .410

Robergiahirsuta,Roxb. 28

Robinia Candida, Roxb. Ill
ferruginea, Roxb. . 246
fruticosa, Roxb. . .109
Heynei, Wall. . .261
macrophylla, Roxb. . 108
mitis, Linn. . . . 240
pygmcea, Linn. . .116
racemosa, Roxb. . .105
sennoides, Roxb. . .110
suberosa, Roxb. . .110
uliginosa, Willd. . 241

Rosa, Linn. . . . .363
alba, Linn. . . . 364
anserinaefolia,

Boiss 365

Banksise, Br. . . . 364
bracteata, Wendl. . 364
centifolia, Linn. . . 364
chinensis, Jacq. . . 364
damascena, Mill. . 364
Eglanteria, Mill. . 364
Fortuneana, Lindl. . 364
fragrans, Redoute . 364
gallica, Linn. . .364
glandulifera, Roxb. . 364
Hojfmeisteri, Kl. . 366
indica, Linn. . . .364
inermis, Roxb. . . 364
involucrata, Roxb. . 365
Lindleyana, Tratin. . 365
Lyellii, Lindl. . . 365
macrophylla Lindl. . 366
microcarpa, Lindl. . 364
mierophylla, Lindl. . 364
multiflora, Thunb. . 364
multiflora, Hb. Ham. 365
palustris. Buch. . . 365
Rapini, Boiss. . . 364
semperflorens, Linn. 364
sinica, Ait. . . . 364
sinica, Linn. . . . 364
sulphurea, Ait. . . 364
triphylla, Roxb. . . 364

Rosacea 307

Rose2E 308

Rotala apetala, F.

Muell 568

? decussata, DC. . .569
filiformis, Hiern. . 568
myriophylloides,

Welw 572

Roxburghiana, Wt. . 569
verticillaris, Linn. . 567

Rothia, Pers. ... 63
trifoliata, Pers. . . 63

Rourea, Aubl, ... 47

Page
acuminata, H.f.. . 48
caudata, Planch. . 48
commutata, Planch. 47
concolor, Blume. . 49
dasyphylla, Miq. . 54
fulgens, Planch. . . 49
para/lela, Planch. . 50
parvifolia, Planch. . 49
pulchella Planch. . 48
rugosa, Planch. . . 48
santaloides, W. <Sf A. 47
sclerocarpa, W. & A. 51
similis, Blume. . . 49
sororia, Planch. . . 50
stenopetala, H.f. . 49

RtHbaa-villosa, Planch. 48
Wallichiana, Planch. 49

Roureopsis, Planch. . 50
pubinervis, Planch. 50

Rvbe;e 307

Rubus, Linn. . . . 326
acerifolius, Wall. . 329
acuminatus, 8m. . 327
affinis, Madden. . .337
albescens, Roxb. . .339
alceafolius, Poir. . 330
alpestris, Blume. . 332
Andersoni, H.f. .333
antennifer, H.f. . 337
asper, Don . . .341
asper. Hb. Royle . 336-
assamensis, Focke. . 328
betulinus, Don . . 327
bicqlor, Jacq. . . .366
biflorus, Ham. . . 338
bijugus, Focke. . .339
birmanicus, H.f. . 331
Brunonii, Lindl. . .367
calvcinus, Wall. . . 327
Clarkei, H.f . . 337

ccesius, L 335

concolor, Royle. . * 335
concolor, Wall. . . 335
cordifolius, Don . . 330
discolor, Weihe &

Nees 337

distans, Don . . .339
Eglanteria, Linn. . 366
ellipticus, Smith . 336
ellipticus, Wall. . . 337
Fairholmianus, Gar. 330
ferox, Wall. . . .329
Finlaysonianus,

Wall 330

flavus, Ham. . . . 336
Fockeanus, Kurz . 334
folipsus, Don . . . 440
fragarioides, Bert. . 332

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SJNONYMS.

785

Page
fraxinifolius, Poir. . 342
fruticosus, Linn. . 337
furfur aceus, Wall . 339
glomeratus, Blume. . 328
Gowreephul, Eoxb. 336
gracilis, Eoxb. . . 335
Griffithii, H.f. . 327
Gulielmi Walde-

marii, Klotsch. . 366
Hamiltoni, H.f . 328
Hamiltomanus, Ser. 330
Hasrk

''. . 327
hibisc'folius, Focke . 342
kirtus, Eoxb. . .336
Hoffmeisterianus, .

Kunth. & Bouche 342
Hookeri, Focke. . . 334
Hookeriana, Bertol. 366
Hookeriana, Wall. . 366
horridulus, H. f . 341
Horsfieldii, Miq. . 339
hypar gyrus, Edgw. 335
indicus, Heyne . .339
indicus, Lesch. . . 328
insignis, H.f. . . 329
Ischelus, Hb. Ham. 339
Jacquemontii, Cress. 368
leevigatus, Wall. .338
lanatus, Wall. . .331
lasiocarpus, Smith . 339
lasiocarpus, Sm. . 340
Leschenaultiana,

Wight 4- Am. . 368
Lindleyi, Wall. . . 367
lineatus, Beinw. . 333
lobatus, WaAl. . . 327
longicuspis, Bertol. 367
longifolius, Wall. . 339
lucens, Focke. . . 338
lutea, Mill. . . .366
macilentus, Camb. . 336
macrocarpus, Gard. 330
macrocarpus, Kunz. 334
micranthus, Don . 339
micropetalus,

Gardner . . . 330
moluccanus, Linn. . 330
Moorcroftii, Wall. . 368
moschata, Mill. . 367
mysorensis, Heyne . 339
niveus, Wall. . .335
nutans, Wall. . . 334
opulifolius, Bertol. 340
oxyphyllus, Wall. . 327
paniculatus, Smith 329
paniculatus, Clarke 342
paniculatus, Moon . 336

VOL. II.

Page

paniculatus, Eoxb. 342

parvifolius, Linn. . 342

? parvifolius, Moon . 339

parvifolius, Smith . 340

pauciflorus, Wall. . 339

pedunculosus, Don. 335

pentagonus, Wall. . 332
pimpinellifo lia,

H. f. & T. . . 366

pinnatus, Willd. . 341

pubescens, Eoxb. . 367

jmlcherrimus, Hook. 333

pungens, Camb. . 341

purpureus, Bunge . 337

pyrif otitis, Ham. . 328
pyrifolius, H. f. &

T. ..... 328

racemosus, Eoxb. . 340

? recurva, Eoxb. . 367
reflexus, Ker. . .330

reticulatus, Wall. . 331

rosceflorus, Eoxb. . 339

rossefolius, Smith . 341

rotundifolius, Boyle 332
rotundifolius,

Wall. , . 336, 337
Boxburghianus,

Wall 342

Boylei, Klotzsch . 340

rugosus, Smith . . 330

saxatilis, Linn. . . 333
sempervirens,

H. f. & T. . . 368
sempervirens,

Thory & Eedoute 368
sempervirens, L. .367

sericea, Lindl. . . 367

sessilif otitis, Miq. . 336

sikkimensis, H. f. . 336
sikkimensis, Otto

Kunze .... 341

sorbifolius, Maxim. 342

tetrapetala, Eoyle . 367

Thomsoni, Focke . 332

tiliaceus, Herb. Str. 33]

tiliaceus, Sm. . . 329
torulosa, Wall. . .366

Trentleri, H.f . . 331
triflorus, Ham. . .327

triflorus, Eichards . 332
uncatus, Wall. . .336

unguicularis, Bertol 366
Wallichianus, W. &

Arn 337

Waltichii, Sabine . 368

Wallichii, Trattin. . 367

Webbiana, Wall. . 366

Eumphia, Linn. . . 44

Page
amboinensis, Linn. . 44
tilisefolra, Lamk. . 44

Sabiacejb .... 1

Sabia, Coleb. ... 1
campanulata, Wall. 1
floribunda, Miq. . 5
lanceolata, Coleb. . 2
leptandra,#./.#7: 2
limoniacea, Wall. . 3
malabarica, Bedd. . 2
panieulata, Edgw. . 3
parviflora, Wall. . 2
parviflora, Wall. . 2
purpiirea, H. f$T. 2
tomentosa, H.f. . 3
viridissima, Kurz . 3

Sagotia triflora, Walp. 173

Sumbucus tilicefolia,

Wall 748

Samydapiscidia,Bi?Lm, 593

Sam yd ace je . . .590

Sanguisorba, see

Poterium . . ..362

Sanicula, Linn. . . 670
data, Ham. . . 1 670
europsea, Linn. . .670
hermaphrodita,

Ham 670

javanica, Blume. . 670
montana, Beinw. . 670

vtcrocarpus,
W.&A. . . . 6
u Linn. . . .271
aiborcscens, Bnrm. 271
cauliflora, Baker . 272
declinata, Miq. . . 272
indica, Linn. . .271
Lobbiana, Baker . 272
macroptera, Miq. . 272
minor, Miq. . . . 271
palembanica, Miq. . 272
triandra, Baker . . 272
Zollingeriana, Miq. 271

Sarcopyramis, Wall. . 540
grandiflora, Griff. . 541
lanceolata, Wall. . 541
nepalensis, Wall. . 541

Saxifraga, Linn. . .390
adoxoides, Griff. . 401
aristulata, H f. $

T. ..... 392

asarifolia, Sternb. . 390
aspera, Willd. . .397
auref, Jacq. . . .397

brachypoda, Bon . 396
Brunbniana, Wall. . 397
Brunonis, Wall. . 397
3 E

786

INDEX OF GENEKA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
cevnua, Linn. • .390
ciliata, Boyle . .391
cordigera, H.f. 8c T. 391
corymbosa, H.f. 8c
T. . . . . . 393

diapensoides, Kurz. 398
diversifolia, Wall. . 393
evolvuloides, Wall. . 396
filicaulis, Wall. . 396
fimbriata, Wall. . 396
flagellaris, Willd. . 397
glandulifera, Jacq. . 395
glandulosa, Wall. . 396
granulata, Linn. . 390
hemisphserica, H.f

8c T. .... 394
hirculoides, Bene. . 392
Hirculus, Linn. . 392
Hirculus, H. f. & T. 393
hispidula, Don. . .396
Hoffmeisteri, Klotz. 397
imbricata, Boyle . 394
Jacquemontiana,

Bene. . . . ,395
latiflora, H. f. $ T. 392
ligulata, Wall. .398
? ligulata, H. f. & T. 398
Lychnitis^./.^T7. 391
Lysimachoides, Kl. . 393
micrantha, Edgw. . 394
microphylla, Boyle . 395
Moorcroftiana,Wall. 393
mucronulata, Boyle 397
onyosotifolia, Pall. . 397
nutans, H.f. 8c T. . 393
odontophylla, H. f.

8c T. .... 390
odontophylla, Wall. 390
oppositifolia, Linn. 397
pallida, Wall. . . 394
palpebrata, H f 8c

T. 391

pamassifolia, Wall. 393
perpusilla, H. f. 8c.

T 395

pilifera,' H. f $ T. 397
purpurascens, H. f.

8c T. . . . .398
radicans, Jacq. . .397
ramulosa, WaU. . 395
saginoides, H. f. 8c

T. . . . . . 392^

settgera, Pursh. . 397
sibirica, Linn. . . 390
sibirica, Linn. . .390
Stella aurea, H f. 8f

T. ..... 395

stenophylla, Boyle . 397

Page
stenophylla, Eoyle 397
Stracheyi, H.f. 8f T. 398
strigosa, Wall. . .393
umbel lulata, H. f.

&c T 395

viscidula, H.f Sf T. 391

Wattichiana,SteTnb. 396

Saxifragace^ . . .388

Saxifrage* . . . .388

Scaligeria elata, Boiss. 673

meifolia, Boiss. . 673

692
692
697
697
701

trilobum, Edgw. 694
Seandix, Linn. . ,
Pecten Veneris, L. ,
Schultzia, Spreng.
? Benthami, C. B. C,
? Lindleyi. Wall.
Sciadophyllum

ellipticum, Blume 729
Scotanthus Porteanus,

Naud. . . .611

tubiflorus, Naud. .611
Sedgwickia cerasifolia,

Griff. .... 429
Sedum, Linn. . . .417
adenotrichum, Wall. 420
adenotrichum,

H. f. & T. . . 421
asiaticum, BC. . 419
azureum, Eoyle . 421
bupleuroides, Wall. 418
coccineum, Eoyle . 418
coriaceum, Wall. . 419
crassipes, Wall. . 419
crenulatun^ff/^T. 417
elongatum, Wall. . 419
Ewersii, Ledeb. . 421
fastigiatum, H. f. 8c

T. 419

Gerardianum, Wall. 421
Griffithii, C. B. C. . 421
heterodontum, H. f.
$ T. .... 417

Himalayanum,Wall. 418
Himalense, Bon . 418
humile, H.f.8rT. . 419
hypericifolium,

Wall. . . . -. 418

imbrieatum, H. f. &
T. ..... 417

Jaeschkei, Kurz . 421
japonicum, Sieb. . 422
linearifolium, Boyle. 420
Moorcroftianum,

Wall 422

mueronatum, Edgw. 420
multicaule, Wall. . 422

pallidum, Bieb. . .421
paniculatum, Wall. 413
pauciflorum, Edgw. 420
perpusillum, H. f

8c T. .... 422
pyriforme, Eoyle . 420
quadrifidum, Pall. . 418
Ehodiola, BC. . .417
rosulatum, Edgw. . 420
rubrum, Eoyle . .421
serratum] Thunb. .417
sinuatum, Eoyle . 420
spinosum, Thunb. . 416
Stracheyi, H.f. 8c T. 418
tibeticum, H. f 8c T. 418
trifidum, Wall. . .420,
trullipetalum, H.f.

8c T. .... 421
Urvillei, DC. . . 422
Wallichianum, H f
8c T. .... 419

Selinum, Linn. . . 699
Candollii, BC. . . 700
Candollii, Edgw. . 700
? dissectum, Wall. . 701
glaucum, Wall. . .710
papyraceum,(7. B. C. 701
siellatum, Don. . . 705
striatum, Benth. . 699
tenuifolium, Wall. . 700
vaginatum, C. B. C. 700

Sellowia uliginosa,

Both 569

Semecarpus, Linn.f . 30
acuminata, Ktirz . 35
acuminata, Thw. . 33
albescens, Kivrz . 35
An&c&r&mm, Linn.f 30
auriculata, Bedd. . 32
coriacea, Thwaites . 32
cunei folia, DC. . . 31
Gardneri, Thwaites 33
Grahamii, Wt. . . 37
grandifolia, Wall. . 41
heterophylla, Blume 3$
laevigata, Thwaites . 35
latifolius, Pers. . . 31
lurida, H.f . . .34
marginata, Thwaites 32
microcarpa, Wall. . 31
Moonii, Thwaites . 32
nigro-viridis, Thw. . 34
oblongifolia, March. 33
oblongi folia, March. 34
oblongifolia, Thw. 33, 34
obovata, Moon . . 32
obscura, Thwaites . 33
obscura, Thwaites . 33

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

787

parvifolia, Thwaites
pubescens, Thwaites
subpanduriformis,

Wall. . . ./ .
subpeltata, Thwaites
subracemosa, Kurz
Thwaitesii, H.f. .
travancorica, Bedd.
Walkeri, H.f. . .
zeylanica, Blume
Jempervivum, Linn. .
acuminatum, Dene. .
album, Edgw.
fimbriatum, Klotz. .
himalayense, Klotz.
mucronatum, Edgw.
sedoides, Dene.
Henna Absus, Roxb. .
alata, Roxb. . .
arbor escens, Roxb. .
aurieulata, Roxb. .
bicapsularis, Roxb.
dimidiata, Buch.
esculenta, Roxb.
exigua, Roxb. . .
obtusa, Roxb. . .
occidentalis, Roxb.
prostrata, Roxb.
purpurea, Roxb.
sensitiva, Roxb.
Sophera, Roxb.
speciosa, Roxb.
sumatrana, Roxb. .
tenella, Roxb. . .
Tora, Roxb. . .
toroides, Roxb. . .
rianthes, Benth.
grandiflora, Benth. .
Irpicula, Linn. . .
Ibrevipes, W. $ A.
w>revipes, W. & A. .
hirsuta, W. & A. .
hirsuta, Wight . .
indica, Thwaites
indica, Thwaites
\ veronicafolia, Borg.
Hverticillata, Boxb. .
iseylanica, Am. .

^afcia, Pers.
sumleata, Pers. . .
3d|ryptiaca, Pers.
$n?'s, Schrad.'
a-oinhina, Pers.
jr.mdiflora, Pers. .
M'udosa, Roxb.
)r«curabens, W. § A.
ericca, DC. . . .
ilijinosa, Boxb.

Page
34
31

35
33
35

31

31

33

33
422
422
423
423 I

422 i

423 j
423 ,
265 !
264
265
263
263
266
262
265
264
262
266
263
266
262
265
264
266
263
283
301
301
431
432
431
431
431
431
431
432
432
431
114
114
114
115
115
115
115
115
115
115

Page

Seseli, Linn. . . . 693
ammoides, Jacq. . 682
benghalensis, Roxb. 696
daucifolium, C. B.

-Clarke . . .693
indicum, W. $ A. .693
sibiricum, Benth. . 693
trilobum, Benth. . 694
zeylanieum,Rt>tt\. . 684

Sjbseline^e . . . .666

Sesuvium, Linn. . .659
Portulacastrum, L. 659
repens, Willd. . . 659

Shuteria. h' § A. .181
demiftoru, Benth. . 182
ferruginea, Baker . 182
glabrata, W. & A. 182
hirsuta, Baker . .182
involucrata, W. & A. 182
suffulta, Benth. . .182
trisperma, Miq. . 181
vestita, W.$A. .181

Sibbaldia cuneata,

Edgw 346

cuneata, Kunze . .346
parviflora, Willd. . 346
potentilloides, Camb. 347
procumbens, H. f. &

T 346

procumbens, Linn. . 346

Sicyos oxyacanthus,

Wall 633

Sieversia elata, Royle 343

Sindora, Miquel . .268
siamensis, Teysm. . 268
velutina, Baker . 262
Wallichii, Benth. . 268

Sison Ammi, Jacq. . 682
? coniifolium, Wall. 671
diver sifolium, Wall. 681
? tener, Wall. . . 686
trinerve, Ham. . .720

Sium, Linn. . . .683
latijugum, C. B. 0. 683
hipponicum, Maxim. 684
triternatum, Moon . 684

Smithia, Ait. . . .148
abyssinica, Hochst. 149
aspera, Roxb. . .151
bigemina, Dalz. .149
blanda, Hohen. . 159
blanda, Wall. . .151
capitata, Dalz. . .150
capitata, Desv. . .149
ciliata, Boyle . .150
conferta, Sm. . .149
dichotoma, Dalzell . 150
geminiflora, Both. . 149

Page
gracilis, Benth. . .150
grandis, Benth. . .151
hirsuta, Dalz. . .151
hispidissima,, Zoll. . 149
laxiflora, Benth. . 149
paniculata, Am. . 151
pumila, Royle . .150
purpurea, Hook. . 149
pyenantha, Benth. . 150
racemosa, Heyne . 151
sensitiva, Ait. . .148
sensitiva, Wall. . 149
setulosa, Dalz. . .149

Soja angustifolia, Miq. 184

hispida, Moench. . 184

javanica, Grah. . 183

Wightii, Grah. . .183

Solenocarpus, W. Sj A. 27
indica, Wt. $ Am. 27

Sonerila, Boxb. . . 529
acaulis, Bedd. . . 538
affinis. Am. . . . 533
amabilis, Kurz. . .539
amabilis, Triana . 533
angustata, Triana . 536
angustifolia, Roxb. 537
arguta, B.Br. . .537
Arnottiana, Thw. . 5*31
axillaris, Wight . 535
begonicefolia, Blume 538
Bensoni, H.f. . . 540
Brandisiana, Kurz . 537
Brunonis, W. $ A. 531
bullata, Griff. . . 540
elegans, Wight . . 535
elegans, Bot. Mag. . 534
emaculata, Roxb. . 537
erecta, Jack. . . . 530
firma, Thwaites . . 532
Gardneri, Thwaites. 5S2
glaberrima, Am. . 540
grandiflora, Wall. . 535
Griffithii, C. B. C. . 539
Harvey i, Thwaites . 533
Helferi, C. B. Clarke 540
heterostemon.^a?^. 540
hirsutula, Am. . . 534
Hookeriana, Am. . 532
khasiana, C. B. C. . 539
Kurzii, C. B. Clarke 539
Kurzii, Kurz . . 534
lanceolata, Thwaites 535
linearis, H. f . . 536
maculata, Boxb. . 537
maculata, Rheede . 540
moluccana, Boxb. . 537
Naudiniana, Miq. . 541
nudiscapa, Kur.:. . 539
3 b 2

788

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
orbiculata, Lindl. . 534
paradoxa, Naud. . 538
pedunculosa, Thw. . 531
picta, Griff. . . .537
pi eta, Korth. . .536
pilosula, Thwaites . 584
pumila, Thwaites . 531
Rheedii, Wall. . . 538
rhombifolia,

Thwaites . . .533
robusta, Am. . .533
rostrata, Thwaites . 533
Rottleri, Wall. 530, 531
rotundifolia, Bedd. 538
scapigera, Dalz. . 538
secunda, R. Br. . 536
solanoides, Naud. . 534
speciosa, Zenk. . . 534
squarrosa, Wall. . 537
stricta, Hook. . . 530
tenera, Royle . . 530
tenera, Wall. . . 530
tenuifolia, Blume . 536
tomentella, Thw. . 531
travan corica, Bedd. 534
Wallichii, Benn. . 538
Wightiana, Am. . 532
versicolor, Wight. . 535
violsefolia, H.f. . . 539
zeylanica, W. Sf A. . 500

Sonneratia, Linn. f . 579
acida, Linn.f. . .579
acida, Benth. . . 580
alba, Smith . . .580
alba, Griff. . . .580
apetala. Ham. . . 579
evenia, Miq. . . .580
Griffithii, Kurz . . 580
lanceolata, Miq. . 580
mossa.mbicensis, Kl. 580
? neglect a, Blume . 580
obovata, Miq. . . 580
Pagatpat, Miq. . . 580

Sophora, Linn. . . .248
acuminata, Benth. . 250
alopecuroides, Linn. 250
glauca, Lesch. . . 249
glabra, Hassk. . .249
heptaphylla, Linn. . 250
heptaphylla, Wight. 250
Houghiana, Wall. . 251
interrupta, Bedd. . 251
mollis, Grah. . .251
Moorcroftiana, Bth. 249
robusta, Roxb. . .252
tomentosa, Linn. . 249
velutina, Lindl. . . 249
violacea, Thwaites . 249

Page

Page

Wightii, Baker . .

250

triternata, Wall.

323

Sophoreje ....

60

tritemata, Wall. .

389

Sorbus Aucuparia, L. .

376

vaccinifolia, Bon .

325

foliosa, Dene. . .

376

? vaccinifolia, Lodd.

326

foliosa, Wenzig.

377

venustula, Kunth. &

lanata, Wenzig.

375

Bouch

326

microphylla, Dene. .

376

vestita, Wall. . .

323

sikkimensis, Wenz. .

379

SPIRJSiE

307

ursina, Dene. . .

376

Spondias, Linn. . .

42

ursina, Wenzig. . .

376

acuminata, Roxb. .

42

Sorindeia Madagasca-

amara, Lamk. . .

42

riensis, DC. . .

7

axillaris, Roxb. . .

42

Spatholobus, Hassk. .

193

dulcis, Willd. . .

42

acuminatus, Benth. .

194

elliptica, Rottl. . .

23

crassifolius, Benth.

194

macrophylla, Wall.

43

gyrocarpus, Benth. .

193

mangifera, Willd. .

42

purpureus, Benth. .

194

simplicifolia, Rottl.

23

Roxburghii, Benth. .

193

Spondie^e ....

8

Sphceridiophora abys-

Stagmaria vernzciflua,

sinicum, Jb. & Sp.

92

Jack.? ....

25

linifolium, Desv. .

92

Stracheya, Benth. . .

147

Sphtsrophysa pyeno-

tibetica, Benth. . .

147

rhiza, Benth. . .

119

Stranvsesia, Lindl.

382

Spiraea, Linn. . . .

323

glaucescens, Lindl. .

382

arcuata, H.f. . .

325

glaucescens, Dene. .

383

argentea, Loudon. .

326

Nussia, Dene. . .

383

Aruncus, IAnn. . .

323

Stravadium acumina-

barbata, Wall. . .

389

tum, Wall. . .

509

bella, Sims . . .

324

acutangulum, Miers

508

brahuica, Boiss . .

326

album, DC. . . .

507

callosa, Thunb. . .

324

augustum, Wall.

509

callosa, H.f. & T. -324, 325

demissum, Miers

508

callosa, Wall. . .

324

globosum, Miers . .

508

canescens, Bon. . .

325

gracile, Miers . .

508

canescens, H.f. §• T.

325

obtusangulum, Miers 508

cantoniensis, Lour.

326

Rheedei, Miers . .

508

chamtsdri folia, L. ?

326

rubrum, DC . . .

507

chamcedrifolia, H. f.

rubrum, Wall. .

508

&T, .....

326

Strongylocalyx hemi-

coirulesccns, Poir .

326

sphericus, Blume

4 77

corymbosa, Roxb. .

326

Strongylodon, Vogel. .

190

- cunei folia, Wall.

325

ruber, Vogel. . .

191M

expansa, Wall. . .

324

Stylidmm chinense,

fastigiata, Wall.

324

Lour

713

Fortuni, Planch.

324

isanthes, Sw. .

148

glauca, Wall.

324

fat n, Wall

174

Kamtschatica, Lindl

320

jriucrbnata, Willd.

'] m

Kamtschatica, Wall

323

Sty rax j' wni ; , Bl.

,748

laxiflora, Lindl.

325

Suffrcnia capensia,

Lindleyana, Wall.

324

Harvey

■ 68

micrantha, H f.

325

Swintonia, Griff. .

26

nepalensis, Lodd.

326

Griffithii, Kurz .

It

nutans, Royle . .

326

Helferi, H.f. . <

26

par vi folia, Bert.

325

Schwenkii, Teysm. $

pulchella, Kunze

326

Binnend. . . .

26

rhamnifolia, Wall.

325

spicifera, H.f. . .

27

sorbifolia, Linn.

324

Sycopsis, Oliv. . . .

427

stellata, Wall. .

324

Griffithiana, Oliv. .

427

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

780

Page
Syndesmis, "Wall. . . 22
Syzygium alternans,

Miq 500

altissimum, "Wall. . 483
angkolanum, Miq. . 498
balsameum, "Wall. . 499
Belluta, DC. . . . 485
brachiatum, Miq. . 496
calophyllifolium,

Thwaites . . .494
capillare, Wall. . . 478
caryophyllceum, Gn. 490
caryophyllifolium,

DC 499

caudatum, "Wall. . 482
cinereum, "Wall. . . 496
claviflorum, Wall. . 484
concinnum, Wall. . 482
cordifolium, Tlrw. . 491
corticatum, Wall. . 485
costatum, Miq. . . 498
cymosum, DC. . . 482
densiflorum, Wall. . 484
excavatum, Wall. . 484
ficifolium, Wall. . 497
filiforme, Wall. . .478
firmum, Thwaites . 476
fruticosum, DC. . .499
grande, Walp. . .476
inophyllum, DC. . 481
Jambolanum, "DC. . 499
Jambolanum, Thw. 499
laterifolium, Eoyle . 499
longiflorum, Wall. . 484
Michelii, Lam. . .505
montanum, Thwaites 476
myrtifolium, DC^. . 483
Neesianum, Arn. . 493
nelitricarpum, T. &

B 482

nervosum, DC. . .498
nodosum, Miq. . .498
oblatum, Wall. . . 492
obovatum, Wall. . 498
palembanicum, Miq. 476
Panealla, Wall. . . 498
politum, Wall. . .485
polyanthum, Thw. . 498
pulchellum, Wall. . 492
pyrifolium, DC. . . 487
rameum, Wall. . .497
revolutum, Thwaites 492
ribesioicles, Wall. . 496
rigidum, Wall. . . 487
rotundifolium, Arn. 494
rubicundttm,W.&cA. 495
salicifolium, Wall. . 495
spathulatum, Thw. 495

Pap.:
speciosum, Wall. . 481
suavissimum, Wall. 484
sylvestre, Thwaites .493
tetragonum, Kurz. . 497
vastum, Wall. . .498
venosum, DC. . . 490
vimineum, Wall. . 482
Wightianum, Wall. 485
zeylanicum, DC. . 485

Tseniochlsena, if. /. . 54
Griffithii, #./. . . 55

Talinum decumbens,

Willd 661

Tamarindus, Linn. . 273
indica, Im». . . 273
occidentalism Gaertn. 273

officinalis, Hook.
Tapiria, Juss. . .

hirsuta, H.f.
Taverniera, DC. .

cuneifolia, Arn. .

ephedroides, J. & Sp

gonoclada, Jb. & Sp

nummularia, DC

spartea, DC. . .
Tephrosia, Pers. .

amozna, Hort. Calc.

anthylloides,
Hochst. . . .

argent ea, Pers. .

argentea, Wight.

calophylla, Bedd.

Candida, DC.

coccinea, Wall. .

Colutea, Wight.

diffusa, W. & A.

Ehrenbergiana, Sch.

elegans, Wall.

fusca, W. Sf A. .

galegoides, Grah.

Heyneana, Wall.

Hookeriana,W. & A

hypargyroea, DC.

icthynica, Bert. .

incana, Grah.

indigo/era, Bert.

intermedia, Grah.

lancecefolia, Link.

lanceolata, Grah.

leptostachya, DC.

lobata, Grah.

maxima, Pers. .

MitcJiellii, Grah.

nervosa, Pers.

parvi flora, Wight.

pauciflora, Grah.

pentaphylla, Grah

273
28
28
140
140
140
140
140
140
110
113

114
113
114
111
111
112
113
113
114
112
114
112
111
113
111
110
113
113
112
113
113
112
112
113
113
111
113
114
112

Page
Pe/ersiana, Kl. . .110
pulcherrima, Wight. 112
j iilchra, Colob. . .105
I'umikt, Pers. . .113
purpurea, Pers. . .123
racsmosa, W. &- A. . 105
sen!icos;i, Pers. . .112
sericea, DC. . . .110
spinosa, Pers. . .112
stricta, Grah. . .112
tuberosa, DC. . .110
Taylorii, Grah. . .112
tenuis, Wall. . .111
tinctoria, Pers. . .111
tinctoria, Grah. . .112
timoriensis, DC. . .113
villosa, Pers. . .113

Wallichii, Grah. .112

Teramnus, &w. . . . 184

' flexilis, Benth. . .185

labialis, Spreng. . 184

mollis, Benth. . .184

Terebinthacea, Wall.

24, 36, 37, 40

Terminalia, Linn. . .443
alata, Roth. . . .447
angustifolia, Jacq. . 444
angustifolia, Roxb. . 449
Arjuna, Bedd. . . 447
Aruta, Ham. . . . 446
Badamia, Tulasne . 444
belerica, Boxb. . . 445
bengalensis, Roxb. . 449
Benzoin, Linn. . . 444
Bcrryi, W. & A. . 447
bialata, Kurz . . 449
Catappa, Linn. . .444
Chebula, Retz. 446, 447
citrina, Roxb. . .446
coriacea, W. & A, .448
crenulata, Roth. . 448
eglandulosa, Roxb. . 445
fcetidissima, Griff. . 445
gangetica, Roxb. . 446
Gella, Dalz. . . .445
glabra, Dalz. & Gibs. 447
glabra, Thwaites . 448
glabra, W. & A. .447
intermedia, Spreng. 444
lancifolia, Griff. . 454
microcarpa. Dene. . 445
moluccana, Lamk. . 444
moluccana, Roxb. . 445
moluccana, Wall. . 449
monoptera, Roth. . 448
myriocarpa, Heurck.

# Muell. . . .448
Myrobalana, Roth. . 444

'90

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
nitens, Presl. . . 445
ovalifolia, Rottl. . 447
ovata, Herb. Rottl. 447
paniculata, Both. . 448
parviflora, Thwaites 446
procera, Boxb. . . 444
punctata, Roth. . 445
pyrifolia, Kurz . .448
reticulata, Roth. . 446
subcordata, Willd. . 444
tomentella, Kurz . 446
tomentosa, Bedd. . 447
tomentosa, W. & A. 447
travancorensis, W.

& A 449

trioptera, Heyne . 448
zeylanica, HeurcJc §

Muell. . . . .446
Tetracrypta cinnamo-

moides, Gardn. &

Champ. . . .442

Tetrameles, R. Br. . 657

Grahamiana, W. . 657

nudiflora, B. Br. . 657

rufinervis, Miq. . . 657

? Thaspium foliosum,

Royle . . . .689

Thermopsis, B. 'Br. . 62

barbata, Boyle . . 62

inflata, Camb. . . 63

laburnifoliai Don. . 62

nepaulensis, DC. . 62

Thladiantha, Bunge. .630

dubia, Bunge . .631

Hookeri, C.B. Clarke 631

Tiarella, Linn. . . .399

polyphylla, Bon . 399

Tillsea, Linn. . . .412

pentandra, Boyle .412

pharnaeeoides,

Hochst. . . ... 412

trichopoda, Fenzl. . 412
Tordyliopsis Bruno-

nis, DC. . . .713

TORDYLITTM .... 665

Anthriscus, Linn. . 718
? Brunonis, Wall. .713
lati folium, Linn. . 719

Toricellia, DC. . . .748
tilisefolia. DC. . . 748

Torilis Anthriscus,

^ Gmel 718

elata, DC. . . .718
japonica, DC. . .719

Trachydium, Lindl. . 671
dissectum, C. B. C. 672
hirsutulum, C. B.

Clarke . . . .672

Page

Page

novem-jugum,

integrifolia, Thw. .

610

C. B. Clarke . .

672

integrifolia, Kurz .

612

obtusiusculum,

laciniosa, Klein . .

609

C. B. Clarke . .

673

laciniosa, Wall. .

606

Roylei, Lindl. . .

672

lobata, Boxb. . .

610

Tr achy podium, Hf.

macrosiphon, Kurz .

610

&T

673

? majuscula,

Trapa, Linn. . . .

580

H.f. $ T. . . .

608

bispinosa, Boxb.

590

multiloba, Miq. . .

607

natans, Linn. . .

590

nervifolia, Linn.

609

quadrispinosa, Roxb.

590

officinalis, Wall.

612

palmata, Vis. . .

732

palmata, Boxb. . .

606

quadrispinosa, Wall.

590

palmata, Wall. . .

608

Trembleya rhinan-

pilosa, Wall. . .

609

thera, Griff. . .

523

? reniformis, Kurz .

609

Trevesia, Vis. . . .

731

Bussellana, Wall. .

617

insignisv Miq. . .

732

tricuspis, Miq. . .

600

sundaica, Regel.

732

truncata, C. B. C. .

608

Triactina, H.f. Sf'T.

423

tuber osa, Roxb. . .

608

verticillata, :

Tbifolieje . . . .

57

H.f.$T.. . .

423

Trifolium, Linn. . .

86

Triantbema, Linn.

660

fragiferum, Linn.

86

crysfaillina, Vahl. .

660

indicum, Linn. . .

89

decandra, Llna.

661

minus, Smith

86

Govindfia, Wall.

660

officinale, Willd.

. 89

hydraspica, Edgw. .

661

pratense, Linn. .

86

monogyna, Linn. , .

650

repens, Linn.

86

obcordata, Roxb.

660

resupinatum, Linn

86

obcordata, Wall.

660

unifolium, Eorsk.

103

pentandra, Linn.

660

venulosum, Royle

86

pentandra, DC. .

660

Trigonella, Linn. .

87

polysperma, Hochst

661

arguta, Visiani .

87

sedifolia, Visian

660

brahuica, Boiss.

87'

triquetra, Rottl. .

660

cachemiriana, Camb

88

Trichodia vareciformis

corniculata, Linn. .

sa

Griff. :. . .

600

elatior, Sibth.

88

Trichosanth'es, Linn.

606

emodi, Benth.

88

anguina, Linn. .

610

esculenta, Willd.

88

anguina, Wall .

607

fimbriata, Royle

88

aspera, Heyne .

606

Fcenum grsecum, L.

87

bracteata, Kurz .

607

gracilis, Benth. .

88

cordata; Boxb. .

608

gemijiiflora, Bunge

87

cordata, Wall. 607

608

hamosa, Linn. .

88

cucumerina, Linn.

609

himalaica, Wall.

88

cucumerina, Wall.

611

incisa, Royle

87

cuspidata, Lamk.

609

indica, Linn.

63

dicselosperma,

monantha, C. A.

C. B. Clarke .

. 609

Meyer . . .

87

dioica, Boxb. . .

. 609

nervosa, Kl. . .

88

dioica, Wall. . .

. 623

obcordata, Wall.

88

? Fatoa, Ham. .

. 611

occulta, Delile

. 87

fcetidissima, Jacq.

. 627

orthoceras, Kar. &

glabrior, H. f. £ 1

. 608

Kir. . . .

87

grandibracteata,

pinnatifida, Cav.

87

Kurz . . .

. 607

polycerata, Linn.

. 87

grandiflora, Wall.

. 606

pubescens, Edgw.

. 88

heteroclita, Roxb.

. 606

rhytidocarpa, Boiss.

88

himalensis, C. B. C

. 608

Trilobaria, A. BC.

642

INDEX Or GENET; I AND SY"

791

Tage !
Triplectrum radicons.

' W. & A. . .
Tripodanthera coehin-

chinen&e, Eoem. .611
Tristania, R. Br. . . 465
burmannica, Griff.
conferta, Griflf. .
- Griffithii, Kurz . . 467
\ (Maingayi, But hie . 467
; merguensis, Griff. . 466
sumatrana, Miq. . 466
. Wightiana, Griff . 46£
Tristemma ancjustifo-

lium, Blume , .515
Tritheca peniandra,

Miq 569

Troostwyclia singu-
lars, Miq. ... 37
Tryphera prostrata,

Blume .... 662
Tupidanthus,#./. $T. 740
calyptratus, H.f. $ T. 740
Turgenia latifolia,

Hoffm 719

Umbellifera,

Griflf. . . 687, 697
Umbellifer.*: . .665
Umbilicus jimbriatus,

Turcz 416

luteus, Ic 416

4 Page

prunellAfolia, Grah. 157
repanda/ Will. . .156
retro fr,

. 156

Vachetlia Farnesiana

■W.&A. . .
Vahlia, Thunb. . .
6V« lenlandice, DC.
oldenlandioides,

sessili flora, Wall.

silenoides, DC. .

viscosa, -Z?c.r£. .

Weldenii, Eeieh.
Velaga globosa,

Gaertn. . . .
Vicatia, BC. , .

conii folia, BC. .

millefolia, C. B. C.

. 292
. 399
. 399

, 399
. 399
. 399
, 399
. 399

. 575

670
, 671
, 671

Oreadcs, Dene. .
radicans, Kl. . .
J, spathulatus,

H. f. & T. . .

spinosus, DC.

pinosus, Turcz. ■

llAeona,, Desv. . .

AJti/nc-uroides, Wt.

•jMwea, G. Don .

416
420

416
416
416
155
156
156
155
156
155
157
157
155
156
156
156

cifolia, Desv. .

ecnyiosa, DC. . .
c+\data, Wall. .
^aifolia, Wall.
£4*ftita, Besv.
^fn'odioides, Grah

\ Ku**tr6&, Wall. .
ituvn rfll. Wall. . ,

:&#>■ * "ioides, Wall. 156

A^A^es, BC. . .156
/<mW BC. . . 156
fdntfiata, Grah. . 156
fp,t*iiachya, Wall. . 156

^i-k&i/bris , Hassk. . .155
*H.ordata, Miq. . . 166
picia, Besv. . . .155
pkta, Wight . . . 1 55

? Stewarti-. C. B. C. 671

Yjcia, Linn. . . .
angustifoliu, Both.
Bobartii,' Forst. . ,
benghalensis, Linn.
Cracca, Benth. .
dumetorum, Benth.
Faba, Lin'n. . .
Griffithii, Baker .
hirsuta, Koch. . ,
luteola, Benth. .
mollis, Benth. . ,
narbonensis, 'Linn. ,
pallida, Turcz. . ,
pallida, Jacquem. ,
peregrina, Linn.
rigidula, Boyle. .

Page
205
205

205

eve

251
251

Voandezia subterranea,

Thouars . . . 205

Wagatea, Balz. . .

spicata, Balz. . .
Warea, C. B. Clarke .

Tonglensis, C. B. C.
Weihea, Spreng. . .

ceylanica, Baill.
Wellingtonia, Meissn.
Winterlia uliginosa,

Spreng

Wisteria pallida,

Dalz. & Gibs. . .

racemosa, D. & G. .

176 Woodfordia, Salisb.

piuiii, I

178
178
179
177
178
179
178
177
205
177
179
178
178
178
178
178
179
178
177
177

sepnnrr, Linn,
sylvatica, Benth.
tenera, Grah.
tenuifolia, Roth.
tetrasperma,

Mcench 177

Vicieje . . . . • . 58
Vigna, Sain . . .',. 204
anor.wla, Walp. . >. 205
brachycarpa, Kurz . 206
carinalis, Benth. •'. 206
Catiang, Endl.. . .. 205
dolichoides, Baker . 206
glabra, Savi . . .205
lucens, Baker . . 207
lutea, A. Gray . . 205
opisotricha, A. Rich. 203
jilosa Brkrr . . 207

floribunda, Salisb. .
fruticosa, Kurz . .
tomentosa, Bedd.

Xanthoxylon trifolia-
tum, Linn. . .

Xiphocarpus candidus,
Hassk

Xylia, Benth. . . .
dolabriformis, Bth. .

Zalcya decandra, Bm. .
Zanonia, Linn. . . .

cissoidea, Wall. . .

clavigera, Wall. . .

? heterosperona,Wall.

indica, Linn. . .

laxa, Wall . . .

pedata, Miq. . . .

sarcophylla, Wall. .
Zanonie.e ....
Zehneria, Endl. . .

Baueriana, Endl. .

cerasiformis, Stocks

connivens, Miq. . .

exasperata, Miq.

Garcini, Stocks * .

hastata, Miq. . .

Hookeriana, Am. .

mucronata, Miq.

scabra, Hv. & Sond.

umbellata, Thwaites

Wightiana, Arn.
Zornia, Gmel. . . .

260
261
612
612
441
441

569

105
105
572
572
572
572

726

111

286
286

661
633
633
634
632
633
633
633
634
605
624
624
630
625
624
630
625
624
624
624
625
633
147

NDEX OF GENERA,, SPECE

angustifolia, Smith
conjugata, Smith
dictyocarpa, DC.
diphylla, Pers. .
disperma, Grah.
gibbosa, Spanoghe

Page
147
lis
147
147
141
147

) Page
graminea, Spsanoghe 147

pulckella, Pe*s. . .162

strobiliferx, ijfers. .227

Wallexi, Arvi. . . 148

zeylonens^ J?ers. . 148

Zosimia, Hoffm. \ . .717

Pa^e
absinthifolia, DC. .717
orientalis, Hoffin. . 717
radians, Boiss. &

Hohen 717

Zozimia tragoides,

Boiss 712

'

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