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THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE DATE INDICATED BELOW AND IS SUB- JECT TO AN OVERDUE FINE AS POSTED AT THE CIRCULATION DESK.

Contributions to the Botany of Vermont IX

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

A list of the

FERN AND SEED PLANTS

Growing without cultivation

By

Nellie F. Flynn

burlington :

Free Press Printing Company,

1911

To

My Husband

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

PREFACE

This list was begun at the suggestion of Dr. L. R. Jones, for- nrierly of the University of Vermont, now of the University of Wis- consin. It was intended to be accompanied by an account of the plant geography and ecology of the region by Dr. Clifton D. Howe. Since the removal of Dr. Howe to Toronto has delayed the completion of his surveys* it seems best to publish this now as a preliminary list. It is hoped that when Dr. Howe's report is completed, a revision of this list may be published with it.

The list is intended to include the names of all the fern and seed plants which are natives of or grow without cultivation in Burlington and its vicinity, including with Burlington, the towns of South Bur- lington, Colchester, Essex, Williston and Shelburne. Each name has an extant specimen back of it, except in three or four cases which are specifically mentioned. In these cases we are sure of the identity of the plant cited. Except in a few instances, specimens are in the herbarium of the University of Vermont or in the private collection of the author.

To stimulate further search, a supplementary list has been added containing the names of additional plants which have been doubtfully reported for the region or which for reasons named should be sought here. In the case of rare plants, stations and names of collectors have been given. For the sake of brevity, initials of collectors' names have not been given except where there are two of like name. In order to complete the records, the full name, and present address of the living collectors where known, are here given.

*Dr. Howe has recently published certain of his observations on the plant geography of this region entitled : The Reforestation of the Sand riains of Vei-- mont. Botanical Gazette. Feb'y, 1910.

viii FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

Rev. J. A. Bates, South Royalston, Mass.; Hon. R, D. Benedict, Burlington; Lucius Bigelow, Burlington; William Boott (specimens in Gray Herbarium) ; Dr. Ezra Brainerd, Middlebury, Vt. ; Miss Martha Brookes-Brown (specimens in U. V. M. Herbarium) ; C. E. Bryant, Williston, Vt.; Dr. G. P. Burns, University of Vermont, Burlington; H. B. Chittenden (specimens in U. V. M. Herbarium) ; H. J. Collins, West Lebanon, N. H.; A. W. Edson (specimens in U. V. M. Herba- rium); W. W. Eggleston, Washington, D. C; Mrs. N. F. Flynn, Bur- lington; Mrs. G. I. Forbes, Burlington; Mrs. E. F. Gebhardt, Shel- burne, Vt.; C. M. Gifford, Morgantown, W. Va.; A. H. Gilbert, Wash- ington, D. C; Miss M. K. Goddard, Lexington, Mass.; D. B. Griffin, Winooski, Vt.; Dr. A. J. Grout, New Dorp, N. Y.; Mrs. A. J. Grout, New Dorp, N. Y.; Dr. T. E. Hazen, Barnard College, New York, N. Y.; J. P. Helyer, University of Vermont, Burlington; C. G. Hinsdale, Boston, Mass.; Miss Miriam Hitchcock, Pittsford, Vt. ; F. M. Hollister, Tewksbury, Mass.; Mrs. Henry Holt, Burlington; S. C. Hood, Orange City, Fla.; F. H. Horsford, Charlotte, Vt. ; Dr. C. D. Howe, Toronto University, Toronto, Can.; F. E. Hubbard, Keene Valley, N. Y. ; Dr. L. R. Jones, University of Wisconsin, Madison; G. L. Kirk, Rutland, Vt.; W. F. Macrae (specimens in Gray Herbarium); Miss Lizzie Moore, Burlington; Prof. W. J. Morse, University of Maine, Orono, Me.; Wil- liam Oakes (specimens in Gray Herbarium); W. A, Orton, Washington, D. C; Prof. G. H. Perkins, University of Vermont, Burlington; H. L. Priest (specimens in U. V. M. Herbarium) ; Dr. C. G. Pringle, Uni- versity of Vermont, Burlington; Mrs. F. A. Richardson, Burlington; Dr. J. W. Robbins (specimens in Gray Herbarium) ; P. A. Ross (speci- mens in U. V. M. Herbarium); J. K. Shaw, Amherst, Mass.; Dr. L. P. Sprague, Chateaugay, N. Y.; R. R. Strait, Franklin, Vt.; Prof. H. A. P. Torrey (specimens in U. V. M, Herbarium); Prof. Joseph Torrey (speci- mens in U. V. M. Herbarium) ; Miss Phoebe Towle, Burlington; C. C. Tracy (specimens in U. V. M. Herbarium); Mrs. F. H. Walker, Port- land, Ore.; Rev. Levi Wild, Royalton, Vt; Mrs. W. H. Zottman, Bur- lington.

It is a matter of regret, that the older botanists who were the first collectors of this region, namely, Macrae, Robbins, Torrey and Benedict, who collected here about the middle of the last century, have so few authenticated specimens in herbaria, that due credit can- not be given them. It is hoped that anyone having such specimens or those of other collectors which are not fully credited, will inform the author.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY ix

The seventh edition of Gray's Manual has been followed strictly in nomenclature, except where for the sake of brevity, initials have been eliminated or names abbreviated, and synonyms have only been given where corrections have been made since the Manual came out. Common names have been inserted freely as befitting the general use which may be made of such a list.

Following the usage of the Vermont Flora, four adjectives, namely, "common," "frequent," "occasional" and "rare," have been adopted to denote frequency of occurrence. These are intended to be asso- ciated with the habitat — thus, "sandy soil, common," means, common on sandy soils, though it may be rare in other habitats. The term "rare" is used for those plants which occur in but few stations and there but sparingly. When they are abundant in such stations, the word "local" has been preferred. The habitats given are based on personal observation where possible.

Following the common practice, small capitals have been used for names of plants not native to the region as far as our knowledge goes. In a few cases these may be native of some other part of the state, but introduced here.

This list is necessarily provisional and incomplete, and will have served its best purpose if it prepares the way for a fuller one later. To that end it is hoped that anyone who can give added information about the plants in this list, or who finds any additional species, will let the author know, and deposit specimens either with her or in the herbarium of the University of Vermont. Proper recognition will be made of such assistance in the proposed revision.

My thanks are due not only to Dr. L. R. Jones who has been of the greatest help and encouragement, but to Dr. Ezra Brainerd, Mr. W, W. Eggleston, Rev. J. A. Bates, Dr. T. E. Hazen and many others for assistance given. Thanks are also due to Prof. M. L. Fernald, who has examined and verified many doubtful specimens.

Nellie F. Flvxx.

CONTENTS

Page

Catalogue of Flowering Plants and Ferns 1

Pteridophytes 1

Spermatophytes f>

Supplementary List • • • • 94

Statistical Summaries 101

Additions and Corrections 103

Index • • . . . 104

Flora of Burlington and Vicinity

PTERIDOPHYTA

Ferns and Fern Allies

POLYPODIACEAE. FERN FAMILY

ADIANTUM (Toiirn.) L. Maidexiiaik A. pedatum L. Rich moist woods; frequent. July.

ASPIDIUM Sw. Shield Ferx. Wood Fern A. Boottii Tuck. Boott's Shield Fern. Wet thickets and about ponds; rare. July. Burlington, (N. F. F.) ; Essex and Colchester, (Ha-

zen

A. cristatum (L.) Sw. Crested Shield Fern. Moist thickets and swamps; occasional. July.

A. cristatum (L.) Sw., var. Cliiitoiiiaiiuin Eaton. Clinton's Shield Fern. Swampy woods; rare. July. Colchester, (N. F. F.).

A. Goldiamim Hook. Goldie's Fern. Rich woods; rare. July. Shel- burne.

A. margiiiale (L.) Sw. Marginal Shield Fern, Evergreen Wood Fern. Rocky hillsides in rich woods; common. July, Aug.

A. uoreboraceiise (L.) Sw. New York Fern. Rich woods; common. Aug.

A, spmulosum (Muller) Sw. Spinulose Shield Fern. Ric-h woods; oc- casional. July.

A. spiimlosiiiu (Muller) Sw., var. intermedium (Muhl.) Eaton. Woods; common. July.

A. Tlielypteris (L.) Sw. Marsh Fern. Marshes; common. Aug.

2 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

ASPLENIUM L. Spleenwort

A. acrosticlioides Sw. Silvery Spleenwort. Rich woods; rare. July, Aug. Shelburne, (Bates); Burlington, (N. F. F.).

A. aiigustifolium Michx. Narrow-leaved Spleenwort. Rich woods; rare. Aug. Shelburne.

A. Filix-femiua (L.) Bernh. Lady Fern. Moist woods; common in several different forms. July, Aug.

A. platyueuron (L.) Oakes. Ebony Spleenwort. Rocky open woods; occasional. July. Aug. A form near var. incisum (Howe) Rob- ins, occurs, Colchester, (Griffin).

A. Ruta-inuraria L. Rue Spleenwort. Limestone cliffs; occasional. July.

A. Trichomaues L. Maidenhair Spleenwort. Shaded rocks; occa- sional. July. A form near var. incisum Moore occurs, Colchester, (Griffin).

CAMPTOSORUS Link. Walking Leaf

('. rhizophyllus (L.) Link. Shaded rocks, especially limestone; occa- sional. Aug. Forms occur with the fronds forked at the tip and with the auricles greatly elongated.

CRYPTOGRAMMA R. Br. Rock Brake C. Stelleri (Gmel.) Prantl. Slender Rock Brake. Moist limestone rocks; rare. July. South Burlington, (Perkins). CYSTOPTERIS Bernh. Bladder Fern

C. Imlbifera (L.) Bernh. Common Bladder Fern. Moist shaded ra- vines; frequent. July.

C. fragilis (L.) Bernh. Fragile Bladder Fern. Rocky woods and ra-

vines; frequent. June.

DICKSONIA L'Her.

D. puiictilobula (Michx.) Gray. Hay-scented Fern. Moist shaded places; occasional. Aug.

ONOCLEA L.

0. sensibilis L. Sensitive Fern. Moist meadows and thickets; com- mon. Sterile June; fertile Sept. Sports are occasional, — the so- called var. obtusilobata (Schkuhr) Torr. Burlington, (Miss God- dard) ; South Burlington, (Ross).

0. Struthiopteris (L.) Hoffm. Ostrich Fern. Alluvial soil; common. Sterile June; fertile Sept.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 3

PELLAEA Link. Cuff Bhake

P. atropiirpurea (L.) Link. Purple Cliff Brake. Limestone cliffs; occasional. July.

PHEGOPTERIS (PresI) F^e. Beech Fern

P. Dryopteris (L.) Fee. Oak Fern. Moist woods; frequent. July.

P. hexag-ouoptera (Michx.) Fee. Broad Beech Fern. Rich woods;

rare. July, Aug. Shelburne, (Jones) ; Burlington, (N. F. F.) ;

Colchester, (GrifRn).

P. polypodioides Fee. Long Beech Fern. Damp woods; occasional. July.

POLYPODIUM (Tourn.) L. Polypody

P. Tiilg-are L. Rocks; common. July, Aug.

POLYSTICHUM Roth.

P. acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott. Christmas Fern. Rocky woods; common. July. Var. Schweinitzii (Beck) Small. (Var. incisum Gray) Occasional. A crisped form occurs, Burlington, (Mrs. Richardson, Ross); Colchester, (GrifRn).

PTERIS L. Brake or Bracken

P. aquilina L. Pastures and woodlands; common. Aug. Var. psei/oo- CAUDATA Clute. Rare. Colchester, (Ross). WOODSIA R. Br.

"U. ilyensis (L.) R. Br. Rusty Woodsia. Exposed rocks; occasional. July. Abundant at one station.

\y. obtiisa (Spreng.) Torr. Blunt-lobed Woodsia. Rocky banks; oc- casional. July.

WOODWARDIA Sm. Chaix Fern

AV. yirgiiiica (L.) Sm. Virginia Chain Fern. Wet swamp, Colchester. (Robbins) . July.

OSMUNDACEAE. FLOWERING FERN FAMILY

OSMUNDA (Tourn.) L. Fixdwering Fern

0. cinnamomea L. Cinnamon Fern. Wet woods and pastures: com- mon. Fertile May; sterile June. Variable in the shape and cut- ting of the pinnules. Var. incisa Hunt. Rare. Burlington. (Ross. N. F. F.) ; Colchester, f Grifhn) .

4 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

0. Claytoiiiaiia L. Interrupted Fern. Wet woods and pastures; com- mon. Fertile May; sterile June.

0, regralis L. Royal Fern. Wet woods and swamps; common. June. Forms occur with the sterile fronds fertile at the tips and with the pinnules incised; South Burlington and Burlington, (N. F. F.).

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE. ADDER'S TONGUE FAMILY

BOTRYCHIUM Sw. Mooxwort

15. laiiceolatuiii (Gmel.) Angst., var. angiistisegmeiitiim Pease & Moore. Lance-leaved Grape Fern. Cool open woods; rare. July. Bur- lington, (Ross).

B. ol)Iiquiii» Muhl. Grape Fern. Moist sandy soil; occasional. Sept. Var. DissECTUM (Spreng.) Clute. Occasional. Sept.

B. rainosiim (Roth) Aschers. Rich woods; rare. July. Burlington, (Ross); Colchester, (Griffin).

B. simplex Hitchc. Little Grape Fern. Moist pastures; rare. June, July. Burlington, (N. F. F., Ross).

B. teriiatum (Thunb.) Sw., var. intermedium Eaton. Ternate Grape Fern. Sandy soil; rare. Sept. Burlington, (N. F. F., Ross). Var. RUTAEFOLiUM (A. Br.) Eaton. Rare. Sept. Burlington, (Gilbert).

B. virgiuiaiium (L.) Sw. Rattlesnake Fern. Rich woods; frequent and variable in size. June, July.

OPHIOGLOSSUM (Tourn.) L. Adder's Tongue

0. vulgatum L. Moist pastures; rare. June, July. Burlington, (N. F. F.) ; Colchester, (Ross).

EQUISETACEAE. HORSETAIL FAMILY

^ EQUISETUM (Tourn.) L. Horsetail E. aryeiise L. Common Horsetail. Moist gravelly soil; common. Fer- tile Apr., May; sterile June.

E. fluriatile L. Pipes. Shallow water with muddy bottom; common. Fertile June; sterile July. A form occurs the branches of which bear numerous small spikes; Burlington, (N. F. F.).

E. hyemale L., var. affine (Engelm.) Eaton. Common Scouring Rush. Moist gravelly banks; common. May-Sept.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 5

E. liyemale L., var. iiitermedium Eaton. Scouring Rush. Moist sandy soil; rare. May- Aug. Burlington, (Howe).

E. litorale Kiihl. Shore Horsetail. Gravelly shores of Lake Chaniplain; rare. May, June. Burlington, (Grout and Jones).

E. palustre L. Marsh Horsetail. Wet sandy shore of Lake Chaniplain;

rare. June, July. Burlington, (Grout and Jones). E. scirpoides Michx. Cool moist woods; occasional. May, June.

E. sylyaticum L. Wood Horsetail. Moist shady places; frequent. Fer- tile May; sterile June.

E. Yariegatum Schleich. Gravelly shores of Lake Champlain; rare. May, June. Burlington, (Eggleston and Grout, N. F. F.); Colches- ter, (Sprague).

LYCOPODIACEAE. CLUB MOSS FAMILY

LYCOPODIUM (Rupp.) L. CLub Moss

L. auiiotiunm L. Stiff Club Moss. Cold woods; rare. July, Aug. Bur- lington, (Grout).

L. clayatuni L. Common Club Moss. Dry woods; common. Aug., Sept.

E. complauatum L., var. flabelliforme Fern. Ground Pine. Dry woods; frequent. Sept.

L. iunudatum L. Bog Club Moss. In sphagnum; rare. Aug., Sept.

Williston, (Pringle) ; South Burlington, (Ross) ; Colchester and

Burlington, (N. F. F.). L. lucidnlum Michx. Shining Club Moss. Cold damp woods; frequent.

Sept. I. obsciiriiin L. Tree Club Moss. Moist woods; rare. Sept. South

Burlington, (Hood), L. obscurum L., var. deiidroideum (Michx.) Eaton. Common Tree Club

Moss. Moist woods; common. Sept. L. tristacbyum Pursh. Ground Pine. Dry sandy soil; rare. July, .\us.

Colchester and Essex, (Hazen).

6 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

SELAGINELLACEAE

SELAGINELLA Beauv. S. rupestris (L.) Spring. Rock Selaginella. Dry exposed rocks; occa- sional. Aug., Sept.

SPERMATOPHYTA

Seed-Plants, Phanerogamia, or Flowering Plants

TAXACEAE. YEW FAMILY

TAXUS (Toiirn.) L. Yew

T, canadensis Marsh. American Yew, Ground Hemlock. Moist banks; frequent. Apr., May.

PINACEAE. PINE FAMILY

ABIES (Tourn.) Hill. Fik

A.. ])alsamea (L.) Mill. Balsam or Balm-of-Gilead Fir. Damp woods; rare. May. Burlington and South Burlington, (Hubbard) ; Essex, (Jones).

JUNIPERUS (Tourn.) L. Juniper

J. communis L., var. depressa Pursh. Common Juniper. Dry sterile

hills; frequent. Apr., May. J. Tirglniana L. Red Cedar or Savin. Dry rocky hills; frequent. May. LARIX (Tourn.) Mill. Larch

L. laricina (Du Roi) Koch. American or Black Larch, Tamarack, Hackmatack. Cold swamps; common. May.

PICE A Link. Spruce

P. canadensis (Mill.) BSP. White or Cat Spruce. A few trees at one station, Colchester, (Griffin); Essex, (Howe). May.

r. mariana (Mill.) BSP. Bog or Black Spruce. Sphagnum swamps; common. May.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 7

P. rubra (Du Roi) Dietr. Red Spruce. Frequent in deep ravines about Burlington, (Howe), but rare elsewhere. May. South Burling- ton, (Hubbard).

PINUS (Tourn.) L. Pink

1*. resinosa Ait. Red or Norway Pine. Dry woods; frequent. May, June.

P. rig'ida Mill. Pitch Pine. Barren sandy soil; common. May, June.

P. Strobus L. White Pine. Common. June.

THUJA L. Arbor Vitae

T. occideiitalis L. Arbor Vitae, White Cedar. Swamps and rocky banks; common. Apr., May.

TSUGA (Endl.) Carr. Hemlock T. cauadeusis (L.) Carr, Swamps and rocky woods; common. May.

TYPHACEAE. CAT=TAIL FAMILY

TYPHA (Tourn.) L. Cat-tail Flag

T, angustifolia L. Narrow-leaved Cat-tail. Marshes; rare. July. Bur- lington, (N. F. F.); Colchester, (Griffin).

T. latifolia L. Common Cat-tail. Marshes; common. July.

SPARGANIACEAE. BUR=REED FAMILY

SPARGANIUM (Tourn.) L. Bur-reed

S. americauum Nutt. Muddy shores; rare. July, Aug. Burlington,

(N. F. F.).

S. diyersifolmm Graeb. Muddy shores; rare. July, Aug. Colchester, (N. F. F.).

S. eiirycarpiim Engelm. Broad-fruited Bur-reed. Borders of ponds ana •rivers; frequent. July, Aug.

8 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

NAJADACEAE. PONDWEED FAMILY

NAJAS L. Naiad

y. flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & Schmidt. Ponds and slow streams; com- mon. July-Sept.

POTAMOGETON (Tourn.) L. Pondweed

P. amerioaiiiis C. & S. Mouth of Winooski River, (Grout and Tracy). July, Aug.

P. amplifolius Tuck. Large-leaved Pondweed. Shelburne Pond, (Jones); Colchester, (Griffin). July, Aug.

P. CRisPus L. Malletts Bay, (Griffin). July, Aug.

P. dimorplius Raf. Ponds and slow streams; frequent. July, Aug,

P. epihydrus Raf. Still or flowing water; frequent. July, Aug.

P. foliosus Raf. Still or flowing water; rare. July, Aug. Burlington and Colchester, (N. F. F.).

P. Friesii Rupr. Shelburne Pond, (Pringle). Aug., Sept.

P heteropliyllus Schreb. Mouth of Winooski River, (Grout and Tracy, Howe); Malletts Bay, (N. F. F.). July, Aug. Forma terrESTris Schlecht. Exsiccated place, Burlington, (N. F. F.).

I', uatans L. Common Pondweed. Shelburne Pond, (Jones) ; Malletts Bay, (Griffin). July, Aug.

P. pectinatiis L. Malletts Bay, (Griffin). July-Sept.

P. perfoliatus L. Slow streams and shallow waters of Lake Cham- plain; frequent. Sept.

P, praelougus Wulf. Shelburne Pond, (Pringle) ; Burlington, (N. P. F.). July.

P. pusillus L. Malletts Bay, (Griffin). Aug.

P. pusillus L., var. Sturrockii Benn. Malletts Bay, (Griffin). Aug.

1*. Bicliardsonii (Benn.) Rydb. Quiet waters; occasional. July, Aug. Malletts Bay, (Griffin); Burlington, (N. F. F.).

P. Bobbinsil Cakes. Shelburne Pond, (Jones). July, Aug.

P. zosterifolius Schum. Shelburne Pond, (Grout and Tracy, Jones 1 ; Malletts Bay, (Griffin). July, Aug.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 9

JUNCAGINACEAE. ARROW GRASS FAMILY

SCHEUCHZERIA L. S. palustris L. Peat bogs; rare. June. Colchester, (Torrey, Jones).

ALISMACEAE. WATER PLANTAIN FAMILY

ALISMA L. Water Plantaips-

A. Plantago-aquatica L. Swales; common. July, Aug.

SAGITTARIA L. Arrow-head

S. graminea Michx. Muddy shores of Lake Champlain and Winooskl River; rare. July, Aug. Colchester, (Perkins, Griffin); Burling- ton, (N. F. F.).

S. lieteropliylla Pursh. Low muddy shores; occasional. July, Aug.

S. latifolia Willd. Wet places; common and presenting many diiTerent forms. Aug., Sept.

HYDROCHARITACEAE. FROG'S BIT FAMILY

ELODEA Michx. Water-weed E. canadensis Michx. Slow streams and ponds; frequent. Aug.

VALLISNERIA (Mich.) L. Tape Grass. Eel Grass Y. spiralis L. Slow water; frequent. Aug., Sept.

GRAMINEAE. GRASS FAMILY

AGROPYRON Gaertn.

A. cauinum (L.) Beauv. Awned Wheat Grass. Ledges at Winooskl Gorge, Colchester, (Jones). July, Aug.

A, REPENs (L.) Beauv. Couch, Quitch, or Quick Grass. Fields: com- mon. June-Aug.

A. tenemm Vasey. Slender Wheat Grass. Dry warm rocky woodlands and ledges; frequent. July, Aug.

10 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

AGROSTIS L. Bent Grass

A. alba L. Fiorin or White Bent Grass. Moist places; common and extremely variable. Jul3^ Var. vulgaris (With.) Thurb. Red Top. Fields and roadsides; common. July. Variable and intergradlng with the species. A stoloniferous form (A. stolonifera auth. not L.) occurs in lawns, Burlington, (Jones). A small form occurs in cool pastures, sometimes having flowering glume awned; Burling- ton, (Jones).

A. liyemalis (Walt.) BSP. Hair Grass. Dry ditches and other exsic- cated places; common. June- Aug.

A., pereuuaiis (Walt.) Tuck. Thin Grass. Moist shaded places; fre- quent. Aug., Sept.

ALOPECURUS L. Foxtail Grass

A. geuiculatus L., var. aristulatus Torr. Floating Foxtail Grass. W^et meadows; occasional. June, July. South Burlington, (Hinsdale); Burlington and Colchester, (Jones).

A. PR.\TENSis L. Meadow Foxtail Grass. Introduced in fields. May, June. Burlington, (Jones).

ANDROPOGON (Royen) L. Beard Grass

A. furcatus Muhl. Forked Beard Grass. Dry rocky river banks; occa- sional. Aug., Sept.

A. scoparius Michx. Broom Beard Grass. Dry sterile soil; occasional. Aug., Sept.

ANTHOXANTHUM L. SwEET Vernal Grass

A. ODORATUM L. Old meadows and roadsides; occasional. May- July.

ARISTIDA L. TriplE-awned Grass

A. dicbotoma Michx. Poverty Grass. Sterile gravelly soil; rare. Aug., Sept. Essex, (N. F. F.).

ARRHENATHERUM Beauv. Oat Grass

A. ELATius (L.) Beauv. Tall Oat Grass. Meadows; rare. June, July.

Burlington, (Jones).

BRACHYELYTRUM Beauv.

B. erectuiH (Schreb.) Beauv. Moist shaded places; frequent. July,

Aug.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY H

BROMUS L. Brome Grass

B, ciliatus L. Wood Chess. Moist thickets; common. July, Aug. B. iNKRMis Leyss. Hungarian Brome Grass. Adventive in meadows, Experiment Farm, Burlington, (Orton); Colchester, (Griffin). July. Be Kalmii Gray. Wild Chess. Dry woodlands; occasional. June, July. B. purgaiis L. Thickets; frequent. July, Aug.

B. sECALiNus L. Cheat or Chess. Fields and waste places; occasional.

June-Aug.

CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. Reed Bent Grass

C. canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. Blue-joint Grass. Marshes and wet

places; common. June, July.

CENCHRUS L. Sandbur. Blr Grass

C. CAROuxiANus Walt. Dry sandy soil; local. Aug., Sept. Colchester and Burlington, (N. F. F.) ; Essex, (Griffin). Evidently a recent introduction.

CINNA L. Wood Reed Grass

C. aruudinacea L. Wood Reed Grass. Moist woods; rare. Aug., Sept. South Burlington, (Jones).

C. latifolia (Trev.) Griseb. Slender Wood. Reed Grass. Moist woods;

rare. Aug., Sept. Burlington, (N. F. F,).

DACTYLIS L. Orchard Grass

D. GLOMERATA L. Fields, generally in partial shade; common. June,

July. A proliferous form occurs, Burlington, (Jones, Morse).

DANTHOXIA DC. Wn.n Oat Gras^^

D. compressa Aust. Dry woods; rare. June, July. South 1 Turling- ton, (Jones).

D. spicata (L.) Beauv. Common Wild Oat Grass. Dry sterile soil; common. June, July.

DESCHAMPSIA Beauv.

D. flexuosa (L.) Trin. Common Hair Grass. Dry places; common. June, July.

12 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

DIGITARIA Scop. Finger Grass

J), HUMIFUSA Pers. Small Crab Grass. Occasional in sandy fields, more frequent as a lawn weed. Aug., Sept.

D. SANGUiNALis (L.) Scop. Large Crab Grass. Cultivated fields and

waste places; common. Aug., Sept.

ECHINOCHLOA Beauv.

E. CRuSGAivU (L.) Beauv. Barnyard Grass. Moist ground, waste places,

etc.; common. Aug.-Oct. Presenting many differing forms; viz.: long awned, short awned, semi-prostrate, erect, etc.

ELYMUS L. Wild Rye. Lyme Grass

E. eanadeusis L. Nodding Wild Rye. Low thickets and river banks; common. July, Aug. Var. glaucieolius (Muhl.) Gray. Dry banks; occasional. July, Aug.

E. robustus Scribn. & Sm. Burlington, (Jones). July, Aug.

:E. striatus Willd. Slender Wild Rye. Ledges of Winooski River, (Pringle). July, Aug.

E, Tirgiiiicus L. Wild Rye. Moist thickets of river banks; frequent. July, Aug.

ERAGROSTIS Beauv.

E, Iiypnoides (Lam.) BSP. Creeping Eragrostis. Gravelly or sandy shores; frequent. Aug., Sept.

E, megastachya (Koeler) Link. Strong-scented Eragrostis. Waste places; becoming frequent. July-Sept.

E. piEOSA (L.) Beauv. Sandy soil, especially along railroads; rare.

July-Sept. Burlington, (Priest, N. F. F.).

FESTUCA L. FESCUE Grass

F. eeatior L. Taller or Meadow Fescue. Meadows and roadsides;

common. June, July.

F. nutans Spreng. Nodding Fescue. Rocky woods; frequent. June, July.

F, oviNA L. Sheep's Fescue. Introduced in lawn, South Burlington, (Jones). June, July.

F. rubra L. Red Fescue. Rocky or sandy shores of Lake Champlain; occasional. June, July. Var. subvielosa Mert. & Koch. Adventlve in lawn. South Burlington, (Jones). July.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY !;{

GLYCERIA R. Br. Manx a Grass

G. borealis (Nash) Batch. Floating Manna Grass. Wet places or in shallow water; frequent. June-Aiig.

0, canadensis (Michx.) Trin. Rattlesnake Grass. Wet places; com- mon. July.

G- g-raudis Wats. Reed Meadow Grass. Wet soil; common. July.

G, ueryata (Willd.) Trin. Manna Grass. Wet meadows; common. June, July.

G, pallida (Torr.) Trin. Pale Manna Grass. Shallow water or wet soil; occasional. June-Aug.

G. Torreyaua (Spreng.) Hitchc. Wet woods; occasional. July, Aug.

HIEROCHLOE (Gmel.) R. Br. Holy Grass

H. odorata (L.) Wahlenb. Vanilla or Seneca Grass. Moist meadows; occasional. May, June.

HORDEUM (Tourn.) L. Barley

H, aegiceras Nees. Egyptian Barley. Adventive in railroad yards, Bur- lington, (Jones, N. F. F.). July, Aug.

II. JUBATUM L. Squirrel-tail Grass. Waste ground; occasional. June- Aug.

HYSTRIX Moench. BottlE-brush Grass

IL patula Moench. Moist woods; occasional. June, July.

LEERSIA Sw. Cut-grass. White Grass

L, oryzoides (L.) Sw. Rice Cut-grass. Wet places; frequent. Aug.,

Sept. L. Tirginica Willd. White Grass. Wet woods; occasional. Aug.

LOLIUM L. Darnel

L, PERENNE L. Common Darnel, Perennial Ray or Rye Grass. Ad- ventive by roadsides and in meadows; occasional. June. July.

L, TEMULENTUM L. Bearded Darnel. Adventive in fields: rare. June, July. Essex, (Wild); Burlington, (Jones).

MELICA L. MELic Grass

M. striata (Michx.) Hitchc. Purple Oat. Rocky woods; frequent. May. June.

14 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

MUHLENBERGIA Schreb.

M. mexicaua (L.) Trin. Meadow Muhlenbergia. Moist meadows ana

banks; common. Aug., Sept. Variable. M. racemosa (Michx.) BSP. Marsh Muhlenbergia. Wet rocks and

marshy places; frequent and variable. Aug., Sept.

31. Sclireberi Gmel. Drop-seed, Nimble Will. In shaded yard, Burling- ton, (Jones). Aug., Sept.

3f. teiiuiflora (Willd.) BSP. Slender Muhlenbergia. Rocky woods; rare. Aug., Sept. Colchester, (Jones).

ORYZOPSIS Michx. Mountain Rice

0. asperifolia Michx. White-grained Mountain Rice. Woods;' common. June.

0,. pung-eus (Torr.) Hitchc. Slender Mountain Rice. Dry sandy soil; frequent. Apr., May.

0, racemosa (Sm.) Ricker. Black-fruited Mountain Rice. Rocky woods; frequent. July, Aug.

PANICUM L. Panic Grass

P. barbnlatum Michx. Rocky woods and hillsides; rare. July. Col- chester, (Jones).

P. capillare L. Old-witch Grass. A common weed in sandy fields. Aug., Sept.

P. claiidestimim L. Moist thickets; frequent. June, July.

P, depauperatum Muhl. Dry woods and fields; occasional. June- Aug.

P. dichotomum L. Woods; rare. June, July. Burlington, (Jones).

P. Iiuachncae Ashe. Open ground; frequent. June, July.

P. hnaclmcae Ashe, var. sihicola Hitchc. & Chase. Woods; occasional. June, July.

P. iinplicatiim Scribn. Wet meadows; frequent. June, July.

P. latifolium L. Woodlands; frequent. June, July.

P. miliaceum L. European Millet. Waste places; rare. July, Aug. Burlington, (Brainerd, Jones).

P. subTillosum Ashe. Dry woods and sandy ground. June, July. Bur- lington, (Jones).

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 15

r. teimesseeuse Ashe. Moist ground; rare. .lune, July. UmiiiiKl-on. (N. F. F.).

P. tsugetorum Nash. Sandy soil; frequent. June, July.

P. IVerueri Scribn. Sterile woods and knolls; rare. June-AuR. liur- lington and Colchester, (Jones).

P. xautliophysuiii Gray. Dry sandy soil; frequent. July, Aug. A broad-leaved form occurs, Burlington, (Jones).

PHALARIS L. Canary Grass

P. aruudiiiacea L. Reed Canary Grass. Wet grounds; occasional. June, July. Var. picta L. Ribbon Grass. Persistent in old gar- dens and an occasional escape to roadsides. July.

P. CANARiENSis L. Canary Grass. Waste places; occasional, but prob- ably only as seed is scattered from bird cages. June-Sept.

PHLEUM L.

P. PRATENSE L. Timothy, Herd's Grass. Meadows; common. June. July. Proliferous forms and plants bearing bulblets in the upper leaf axils occur, Burlington, (Jones). (See Vt. Exp. Sta. Bull. ')=/>

PHRAGMITES Trin. Reed

P. commuuis Trin. Wild Broom Corn. Swampy margins of ponds ana lakes; occasional. Aug., Sept.

POA L. MEADOW Grass. Spear Grass

P. alsodes Gray. Grove Spear Grass. Moist woods; frequent. May,

June. P, annua L. Low Spear Grass. Waysides and fields; common. Apr.-

Sept. P. COMPRESSA L. Canada Blue Grass, Wire Grass. Dry fields and wood- lands; common. May-Sept. P. debilis Torr. Weak Spear Grass. Dry rocky woodlands: fretiuent.

May, June. P. nemoralis L. Rocky woodlands; occasional. June-Sept. P. pratensis L. June Grass, Spear Grass, Kentucky Blur (Jrass. Fields

and meadows; common. May, June. P. triflora Gilib. Fowl Meadow Grass. Wet soil; common. July. Aup.

The form known in Europe as P. kektims Reich, occurs. Burlini;-

ton, (Jones), probably introduced.

16 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

SETARIA Beauv. Bristly Foxtail Grass

S. GLAUCA (L.) Beauv. Yellow Foxtail, Pigeon Grass. Cultivatea grounds and waste places; common. July-Sept.

S. iTALiCA (L.) Beauv. Millet, German Millet, Hungarian Grass. Occa- sionally spontaneous in cultivated ground. Aug., Sept.

S. vERTiciLLATA (L.) Beauv. Rough Foxtail Grass. Persistent in old garden, Burlington, (Jones). July, Aug.

S. viRiDis (L.) Beauv. Green Foxtail, Bottle Grass. Cultivated grounds and waste places; common. July-Sept.

SORGHASTRUM Nash.

S. nutans (L.) Nash. Indian Grass, Wood Grass. Dry sandy soil; occa- sional. Aug., Sept.

' SPARTINA Schreb. Cord or Marsh Grass

S. Micliauxiaua Hitchc. Slough Grass. Shores of Lake Champlain and its tributaries; frequent. Aug., Sept.

SPHENOPHOLIS Scribn.

S. nitida (Spreng.) Scribn. Woods; rare. June. Colchester, (Tor- rey),

S. pallens (Spreng.) Scribn. Marshes; occasional. June, July.

SPOROBOLUS R. Br. Drop-seed. Rush Grass

S. Taginiflorus (Torr.) Wood. Dry soil; occasional and variable. Sept.

TRISETUM Pers.

T. melicoides (Michx.) Vasey. One form occurs. Var. majus (Gray) Hitchc. Rocky banks of Winooski River, Colchester and Willis- ton, (Pringle) ; Essex, (Jones). July.

T. spicatnm (L.) Richter. Narrow False Oat. Rocky banks; occa- sional. June.

ZIZANIA (Gronov.) L. Water or Indian Rice

Z. aquatica L. Wild Rice, Water Oats. In shallow water; occasional. Aug., Sept.

HoRDEUM sativum Jesseu, Barley, SecalE cereale L., Rye, Triticum SATIVUM Lam., Wheat and Zea Mays L., Indian Corn are occasional in waste places.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 17

CYPERACEAE. SEDGE FAMILY

CAREX (Rupp.) L. Sedge

C. albicans Willd. Dry shady ledges; common. June, July.

C. alopeeoidea Tuckerm. Wet meadows; rare. June, July, liurllng- ton, (Hazen).

C. arctata Boott. Moist woodlands; common. May, June.

C. aiirea Nutt. Moist meadows and springy banks; frequent. June, July.

C. Bebbii Olney. Low ground; rare. June, July. Burlington, (Ha- zen).

€. bromoides Schkuhr. Bogs and swamps; frequent. June, July.

C. bruimescens Poir. Open woods and dry rocky banks; rare. June, July. Colchester, (Griffin).

C. cauescens L., var, disjuiicta Fern. Wet places; occasional. June, July.

C. castanea Wahlenb, Low meadows; rare. June, July. Williston,

(N. F. F.). C. cephaloidea Dewey. Moist woodlands; rare. June, July. South

Burlington, (Hazen). C. ceplialophora Muhl. Dry woods; frequent. June, July. C. cliordorrliiza L. f. Cold bogs; rare. June, July. Colchester, (Jones.

Grout). C, communis Bailey. Dry open woods; common. May, June. C. comosa Boott. Swamps; occasional. June, July. C. conoidea Schkuhr. Moist grassy places; occasional. June. July. C. Crawfordii Fern, Open sterile soil; frequent. June-Aug. Var.

viGENS Fern. Burlington, (Hazen). July. C. crinita Lam. Swales and along brooks; common. June. July. C. crinita Lam., var. gynandra (Schwein.) Schwein. c^- Torr. Same

situations as the type; frequent. June, July. C. crinita Lam., var. minor Boott. Rare. June, July. Burlington,

(Hazen). C. cristata Schwein. Wet grounds; occasional. June. July.

18 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

C. deljilis Michx., var. Rudgei Bailey. Moist sterile soil; rare. June,

July. Colchester, (Hazen). C. Deweyaiia Schwein. Dry woodlands; common. June, July.

C. diaiidra Schrank. Bogs; rare. June, July. South Burlington, (Ha- zen).

C. digitalis Willd. Dry open woods; rare. June, July. Burlington, (Hazen).

C. eburuea Boott. Dry shaded limestone; common. May- July.

C. festucacea Schkuhr. Dry or rocky soil; rare. June, July. Burling- ton, (N. F. F.).

C".- filiformis L. Bogs and shallow water; occasional. June, July.

C. flaya L. Damp places; rare. June, July. Williston, (N, F. F.).

C. foeuea Willd. Dry woods and banks; rare. July. Colchester, (Griffin).

0. folliculata L. Wet woods; rare. June-Aug. Burlington, (N. F. F.).

C. formosa Dewey. Moist meadows; rare. June. Shelburne, (N. F. F).

C. gracillima Schwein. Low meadows; common. June, July.

C. grauularis Muhl. Moist meadows; common. June, July.

C. graimlaris Muhl., var. Haleaiia (Olney) Porter. Burlington, (Ha- zen). June, July.

r. grisea Wahlenb. Low meadows; rare. June. South Burlington, (X. F. F.).

C. Houglitoiiii Torr. Dry sandy banks; rare. June, July. Burling- ton, (N. F. F.).

C. liysterieiiia Muhl. Swales; common. June, July.

V. iutumesceiis Rudge. Swamps and wet woods; occasional. June- Aug.

C. iiitnmeseeus Rudge, var. Ferualdii Bailey. Same situations as the type; occasional. June-Aug.

C. laxitlora Lam. Rich woods and meadows; occasional. May, June.

C. laxiflora Lam., var. patiilifolia (Dewey) Carey. Burlington, (Jones). May, June.

€. leiiticularis Michx. Gravelly or sandy shores; rare. June-Aug. Shelburne, (Pringle).

C. leptalea Wahlenb. Bogs and wet meadows; occasional. June, Julv.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 19

C. liiuosa L. Bogs; rare. June, July. Colchester anrl South Bur- lington, (Hazen).

C. loiigirostris Torr. Rocky woods; rare. May, June. South Bur- lington, (Jones and Hazen); Colchester, (Griffin).

C. liipuliforiiiis Sartw, Marshes along Lake Champlain; occasional.

July, Aug. C. lupiiliiia Muhl. Swamps and ditches; common. July, Aug.

C. lupuliua Muhl., var. i)e(liiiiouhit.a Dewey. Swamps; rare. July, Aug. Burlington, (Hazen).

C. lurida Wahlenb. Wet meadows; common. July, Aug. Very vari- able. C. mirabilis Dewey. Moist shady places; occasional. June, July.

C, 3Iuhleiil)ergii Schkuhr. Dry sandy soil; rare. June, July. Col- chester, (Brainerd and Hazen).

i. Oederi Retz., var. pumila (Coss. & Germ.) Fern. Shore of Lake Champlain, Shelburne, (Ross). June, July.

C. pallesceus L. Low meadows; common. June. July.

C. pauciflora Lightf. Cold bogs; rare. June, July. Colchester, (Ha- zen).

r. paupercula Michx., var. irrig"iia (Wahlenb.) Fern. Cold bogs; occa- sional. June-Aug.

C. pedunciilata Muhl. Rich woods; frequent. May.

C, peiinjsylvaiiica Lam. Dry sandy soil; common. May, June.

C. peuusylvauiea Lam., var. liicorum (Willd.) Fern. Richer damper soil than the type. May, June. Burlington, (Brainerd).

C. plaiitag'iiiea Lam. Rich woods; frequent. May.

C. platyplijila Carey. Shady banks; common. May, June.

C. prasiiia W^ahlenb. Springy bogs in woods; occasional. June, July.

C, piibescens Muhl. Copses and rich woods; rare. May. June. Soutn Burlington, (Shaw).

C, retrorsa Schwein. Swamps; common. June, July.

C. riparia Curtis. Swales; occasional. June. July.

C. rosea Schkuhr. Dry open woods; frequent. June. July.

C, rostrata Stokes, var. iitriciilata (Boott) Bailey. Wet swamps: occa- sional. June, July.

20 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

C. scabrata Schwein. Springy bogs in woods; frequent. June, July.

C. scirpoides Schkuhr. Boggy meadows; frequent. June, July.

C. scoparia Schkuhr. Low grounds; common. June, July. Var. con- DENSA Fern. Colchester, (Hazen). June, July. Var. moniliformis Tuck. Burlington, (Hazen). June, July.

C. siccata Dewey. Sandy shore of Lake Champlain; rare. June, July. Burlington, (Hazen).

C. sparganioides Muhl. Rich woods; occasional. June, July.

C. stellulata Good. Low open ground; frequent. June, July.

C. stellulata Good., var. augustata Carey. Wet ground; rare. June, July. South Burlington, (X. F. F.).

C. stellulata Good., var. excelsior (Bailey) Fern. Low open ground; frequent. June, July.

C. stipata Muhl. Swales; common. June, July.

C. stramiuea Willd. Dryish copses and fields; frequent. June, July.

C. stramiuea Willd., var. echinodes Fern. Moist sandy soil, Burling- ton, (Brainerd). July.

C. stricta Lam. Swales and marshes; frequent. June, July.

Cw tenella Schkuhr. Cold swamps; occasional. May, June.

C. tenuiflora Wahlenb. Bogs; rare. June, July. Burlington, (Rob- bins).

C. torta Boott. By streams; rare. June. Colchester, (Griffin).

C, tribuloides Wahlenb. Open swales; frequent. July, Aug.

C. tribuloides Wahlenb., var. reducta Bailey. Moist copses; frequent. July, Aug.

C. trisperma Dewey. Cold bogs in shade; occasional. June, July.

C. Tuckermani Dewey. Swales and marshes; frequent. June, July.

C. typliinoides Schwein. (C. typhina Michx.) Low margin of Lake Champlain, Burlington, (N. F. F.). July, Aug.

C. umbellata Schkuhr. Dry sandy soil; occasional. May, June. C. varia Muhl. Dry woods; rare. May, June. Colchester, (Brain- erd and Jones); Burlington, (Pringle).

C. Tesicaria L. Two forms occur. Var. jejuna Fern. Swales; rare. June, July. Burlington, (Hazen). Var. monile (Tuck.) Fern. Swales; common. June, July.

FLORA OP BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 21

C. Yulpiiioidea Michx. Moist pastures; common. June, .Jul\.

CYPERUS (Tourn.) L. Gamnm.ai.k

C. aristatus Rottb. Awned Cyperus. Wet sandy soil; frequent. Aug., Sept.

C. deiitatus Torr. Sandy shores of Lake Champlain; rare. Aug., Sept. Shelburne, (Pringle) ; Burlington and Colchester, (X. F. F.). Spikelets often abortive and changed into leafy tufts.

C. esculeiitus L. Yellow Nut Grass. Lake shore and river banks; occasional. Aug., Sept.

C. filiculinis Vahl, var. macileutus Fern. Dry sandy soil; common. July, Aug.

C. Hou^litoiiii Torr. On dry shifting sand, Colchester, (N. F. F.). Aug., Sept.

C. riTularis Kunth. Shining Cyperus. Lake shore and river banks; frequent. Aug., Sept.

C. strigosus L. Straw-colored Cyperus. Moist soil; frequent. July-

Sept.

DULICHIUM Pers.

D. aruudiuaceum (L.) Britton. Borders of ponds; occasional. July-

Sept.

ELEOCHARIS R. Br. Spike Rush

E. acicularis (L.) R. & S. Muddy shores below high water mark;

common. July-Sept.

E. dlaudra Wright. Wet sands of Winooski River; rare. Sept., Oct. Burlington, (Brainerd, N. F. F.).

E, iutermedia (Muhl.) Schultes. Bank of Winooski River, Burling- ton, (Brainerd, N. F. F.). Sept., Oct.

E. obtusa (Willd.) Schultes. Muddy places; common. .July-Sept.

E. palustris (L.) R. & S. Wet ground; frequent. June-Aug. Var. GLAUCESCENS (Willd.) Gray. Moist grassy places; frequent. July. Aug. Var. vigens Bailey. (Var. major Sonder) Mouth of Wi- nooski River, (Grout, Brainerd). July, Aug.

E. tenuis (Willd.) Schultes. Wet meadows; rare. June-Aug. South Burlington, (N. F. F.).

22 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

ERIOPHORUM L. Cotton Grass

E. callitrix Cham. Hare's Tail. Peat bogs; frequent. May, June. E. tenellum Nutt. Swamps and bogs; rare. July, Aug. Colchester,

(N. F. F.). E. Tirgiuicum L. Cotton Grass. Bogs and wet meadows; common.

Aug., Sept. E. Tiridi-carinatum (Engelm.) Fern. Bogs; frequent. June, July.

RYNCHOSPORA Vahl. Beak Rush

R. alba (L.) Vahl. White Beak Rush. Bogs; frequent. July-Sept.

R. fusca (L.) Ait. f. Brown Beak Rush. Burlington, (Torrey). July- Sept. One specimen in U. V. M. Herb.

SCIRPUS (Tourn.) L. Bulrush or Club Rush

S, americauus Pers. Chair-maker's Rush. Sandy shores of Lake Cham- plain; frequent. July-Sept.

S. atrociuctiis Fern. Wet meadows; occasional. July. Var. brack y- PODus Fern. Rare. July. Colchester, (N. F. F.).

S. atroTireiis Muhl. Moist meadows; common. July, Aug.

S. cyperinus (L.) Kunth. Wool Grass. Wet meadows; common. Aug., Sept.

S. fluviatilis (Torr.) Gray. River Bulrush. Marshy borders of bays and tributaries of Lake Champlain; occasional. July-Sept.

S. georgianus Harper. Moist meadows; frequent. July, Aug. Pro- liferous forms occur, Burlington and Colchester, (N. F, F.).

S. lieterochaetus Chase. Sheltered shores; frequent. July, Aug.

S. pedicellatus Fern. Swales; frequent. July, Aug.

S. rubrotinctus Fern. Wet meadows; frequent. July, Aug.

S. Smitliii Gray. Shores of Lake Champlain. Aug. Abundant at onu station, Burlington, (Grout and Tracy).

S. Talidus Vahl. Great Bulrush. In shallow water; frequent. July, Aug.

FLORA OP BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 23

ARACEAE. ARUM FAMILY

ACORUS L. Sweet Feag. Caeamus A. Calamus L. Marshes; common. June.

ARISAEMA Martins. Indian Turnip. Dragon Arum

A. triphyllum (L.) Schott. Indian or Wild Turnip, Jack-in-the-Pulplt. Rich moist woods; common. Apr., May. Spathes, petioles and sheaths vary in color from pale green to dark purple with whitish stripes or spots.

CALL A L. Water arum C. palustris L. Wild Calla. Bogs and marshes; frequent. May, June.

SYMPLOCARPUS Salisb. Skunk Cabbage S. foetidiis (L.) Nutt. Wet places; common. Apr., May.

LEMNACEAE. DUCKWEED FAMILY

LEMNA L. Duckweed. Duck's Meat

L. minor L. Lesser Duckweed. Stagnant water; frequent. Not found in flower.

L. trisuica L. Ivy-leaved Duckweed. Ponds; occasional. Not found in flower.

SPIRODELA Schleid.

S. polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Greater Duckweed. Stagnant water; fre- quent. Not found in flower.

ERIOCAULACEAE. PIPEWORT FAMILY

ERIOCAULON (Gronov.) L. Pipe wort

13. articulatum (Huds.) Morong. (E. septangulare With.) Border of Lake Champlain, Colchester, (N. F. F., Griffin). Aug., Sept.

24 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

PONTEDERIACEAE. PICKEREL=WEED FAMILY

HETERANTHERA R. & P. Mud Pi^antain

H. dubia (Jacq.) MacM. Water Star Grass. Ponds and streams; rare. Aug. Mouth of Winooski River, (Grout and Tracy). A small form occurs on muddy shore, Burlington, (N. F. F.).

PONTEDERIA L. PickEREL-weEd

P. cordata L. Borders of ponds and slow streams; frequent. July, Aug.

JUNCACEAE. RUSH FAMILY

JUNCUS (Tourn.) L. Rush. Bog Rush

J. acumiiiatus Michx. Sharp-fruited Rush. Wet meadows; rare. June- Aug. Essex, (Jones). This was a proliferous form of the species.

J. alpiuus Vill., var. iusi^uis Fries. Wet gravelly shores of Lake Cham- plain; rare. July, Aug. Shelburne, (Pringle) ; Burlington, (N. F. F.).

J. articulatus L. Jointed Rush. Wet grounds; rare. July, Aug. Es- sex, (Jones); Colchester, (N. F. F.).

J. brevicaudatus (Engelm.) Fern. Moist places; frequent. July-Sept.

J. bufoniiis L. Toad Rush. Low grounds; common. June-Sept.

J. Dudley! Wiegand. Damp grounds; occasional. June-Sept.

J. effusus L. Bog Rush. Marshy grounds; common. July, Aug.

J, nodosus L. Knotted Rush. Swamps and gravelly banks; frequent. July, Aug.

J. pelocarpus Mey. Brownish-fruited Rush. Shores of Lake Cham- plain; rare. Aug., Sept. Shelburne, (Pringle); Colchester, (N. F. F.).

J. tenuis Willd. Slender Rush. Fields; common and variable. June- Sept.

LUZULA DC. Wood Rush

L. campestris (L.) DC, var. multiflora (Ehrh.) Celak. Common Wood Rush. Meadows and open woods; frequent. May, June.

L. saltneusis Fern. Hairy Wood Rush. Woods and banks; frequent. May.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 25

LILIACEAE. LILY FAMILY

ALLIUM (Toiirn.) L. Onion. Garlic

A. tricoccum Ait. Wild Leek. Rich woods; rare. June, July. Col- chester, (GrifRn).

ASPARAGUS (Tourn.) L. Asparagus

A. OFFICINALIS L. Garden Asparagus. Roadside escape from gardens; frequent. June.

CLINTONIA Raf.

C. borealis (Ait.) Raf. Yellow Clintonia. Cool moist woods; common. May, June.

CONVALLARIA L. Lily of the Valley

C. majalis L. Persistent near old building site, Shelburne, (N. F. F.). May, June.

ERYTHRONIUM L. Dog's-tooth Violet

E. americannm Ker. Yellow Adder's Tongue. Rich copses and wood- lands; common. Apr., May.

HEMEROCALLIS L. Day Lily

H. fulva L. Common Day Lily. Roadside escape from gardens; occa- sional. July.

LILIUM (Tourn.) L. Lily

L, eaiiadense L. Meadow Lily, Wild Yellow Lily. Moist meadows;

common. July. L. pliiladelphiciim L. Wood Lily, Wild Orange-red Lily. Sandy open

woodlands; common. July. L. TiGRiNUM Ker. Tiger Lily. Roadside escape from gardens: rare.

Aug. Burlington, (Miss Brown); Essex, (N. F, F.).

MAIANTHEMUM Wiggers.

M. cauadeuse Desf. Two-leaved Solomon's Seal. Wild Lily of the Val- ley. Woods; common. May, June.

MEDEOLA (Gronov.) L. Indian CrcuMi'.FR-ROOT

M. Yirgiuiaiia L. Rich moist woods: common. May, June.

26 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

OAKESIA Wats.

0. sessilifolia (L.) Wats. Sessile-leaved Bellwort. Moist woodlands; common. May, June.

POLYGONATUM (Tourn.) Hill. Solomon's Seai.

P. Mflorum (Walt.) Ell. Small Solomon's Seal. Wooded hillsides; common. May, June.

SMILACINA Desf. False Solomon's Seal

S. racemosa (L.) Desf. False Spikenard. Moist copses; common.

May, June. S. stellata (L.) Desf. Star-flowered Solomon's Seal. Moist banks and

meadows; frequent. May.

S. trifolia (L.) Desf. Three-leaved Solomon's Seal. Cold sphagnum swamps; occasional. June, July.

SMILAX (Tourn.) L. Cat Brier. GreEn Brier

S. herbacea L. Carrion-flower. River banks and moist thickets; occa- sional. June.

STREPTOPUS Michx. TwistEd-stalk

S. roseus Michx. Cold damp woods; frequent. May.

TRILLIUM L. Wake Robin. Birthroot

T, ceruuum L. Nodding Trillium. Moist woods; rare. May. South Burlington, ( Hood ) .

T. erectum L. Purple Trillium. Rich woods; frequent. May.

T. grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. White Trillium. Rich moist woods; common. May.

T. nndulatum Willd. Painted Trillium. Cool moist woods; occasional. May.

UVULARIA L. BELLWORT

TJ. grandiflora Sm. Large-flowered Bellwort. Rich woods; frequent. Apr., May. A form occurs the leaves of which are variegated with white; Shelburne, (Mrs. Gebhardt).

VERATRUM (Tourn.) L. False Hellebore

V. Tiride Ait. American White Hellebore, Indian Poke. Wet mead- ows and swamps; common. June.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 27

IRIDACEAE. IRIS FAMILY

IRIS (Tourn.) L. Fi.eur-dE-us

I. PSEUDACORUS L. Yellow Iris. A garden escape, bank of WinooskI River, Essex, (Ross). June.

T, yersicolor L. Wild Iris, Blue Flag. Wet meadows; common. June, July.

SISYRINCHIUM L. Blue-Eyed Grass

S. aiigustifolium Mill. Meadows, fields and damp sandy soil; common. May, June.

ORCHIDACEAE. ORCHIS FAMILY

ARETHUSA (Gronov.) L.

A. bulbosa L. Sphagnum bogs; occasional. June. A white-flowered form occurs, South Burlington, (Howe).

CALOPOGON R. Br.

C. pulchellus (Sw.) R. Br. Grass Pink. Bogs; occasional. June, July.

CORALLORRHIZA (Haller) Chat. Coral Root C. maculata Raf. Large Coral Root. Woods; occasional. July, Aug.

C. trifida Chat. Early Coral Root. Swamps and damp woods; occa- sional. May, June.

CYPRIPEDIUM L. Lady's Slipper. Moccasin Flower

C. acaule Ait. Stemless or Pink Lady's Slipper. Dry woods; frequenr.

May, June. C. arietinum R. Br. Ram's Head Lady's Slipper. Occasional in rocky

woods where it reaches great perfection, colonies of thirty-nine to

fifty blossoms having been seen. May, June.

C. liirsiitum Mill, Showy Lady's Slipper. Cold swamps; occasional. June, July.

C. parviflorum Salisb. Smaller Yellow Lady's Slipper. Bogs and low woods; rare. May, June. South Burlington, (Torrey) ; Colches- ter, (Griffin).

C. parviflornm Salisb., var. pubeseeus (Willd.) Knight. Large Yellow Lady's Slipper. Rich moist woods; frequent. May, June.

28 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

EPIPACTIS (Haller) Boehm. Rattlesnake Plantain

E. puljesceiis (Willd.) Eaton.- Downy Rattlesnake Plantain. Dry woods; occasional. Aug.

E. repeiis (L.) Crantz, var. ophioides (Fern.) Eaton. Lesser Rattle- snake Plantain. Cold mossy woods; rare. July. South Burling- ton, (Mrs. Walker).

E, tesselata (Lodd.) Eaton. Cold moist woods; rare. Aug. Burling- ton, (Collins); South Burlington, (N. F. F.).

HABENARIA Willd. Reix Orchis. Fringed Orchis

H. blephariglottis (Willd.) Torr. White Fringed Orchis. Bogs; rare. Aug. South Burlington, (Torrey).

H. bracteata (Willd.) R. Br. Long-bracted Orchis. Damp woods and meadows; occasional. May, June.

H. clayellata (Michx.) Spreng. Small Wood Orchis. Bogs; rare. July, Aug. South Burlington, (Torrey, Jones) ; Burlington, (Ross,

N. F. F.).

H. dilatata (Pursh) Gray. White Bog Orchis. Cold bogs; rare. June, July. South Burlington, (Hazen).

H. fimbriata (Ait.) R. Br. Large Purple Fringed Orchis. Cool moist woods; rare. June, July. Essex, (Jones and Hazen).

H. Hookeri Torr. Dry woods; occasional. June.

H. liyperborea (L.) R. Br. Tall Green Orchis. Bogs and cold woods; occasional. July.

H. lacera (Michx.) R. Br. Ragged Fringed Orchis. Moist ground; rare. July, Aug. South Burlington, (Torrey) ; Burlington, (N.

F. F.).

JI, macrophylla Goldie. Large-leaved Orchis. Moist coniferous woods; rare. June, July. Williston, (Bates); South Burlington, (Ross).

11. orbiciilata (Pursh) Torr. Round-leaved Orchis. Cold rich woods; rare. June, July. Burlington, (N. F. F., H. A. P. Torrey).

H. psycodes (L.) Sw. Smaller Purple Fringed Orchis. Wet meadows and bogs; occasional. July, Aug.

LIPARIS Richard. Twayblade

L. liliifolia (L.) Richard. Large Twayblade. Woods; rare. June, July. Colchester, (Eggleston). Specimen lost.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 29

L. Loeselii (L.) Richard. Fen Orchis. Damp fields; occasional. June, July.

LISTERA R. Br. Tw.wbl.xde

L, cordata (L.) R. Br. Heart-leaved Twayblade. Sphagnum bogs; rare. June. South Burlington, (Jones).

MICROSTYLIS (Nutt.) Eaton. Audf.r's Mouth

M. imifolia (Michx.) BSP. Green Adder's Mouth. Open woods; occa- sional. July.

ORCHIS (Tourn.) L.

0. spectabilis L. Showy Orchis. Rich moist woods; occasional. May, June.

POGONIA Juss.

P. aMuis Aust. Small Whorled Pogonia. One plant in woods at Fair- holt, Burlington, (Mrs, Holt). May, June.

P. opliiog'lossoides (L.) Ker. Rose Pogonia, Snake-mouth. Bogs; fre- quent. June, July.

P. yerticillata (Willd.) Nutt. Whorled Pogonia. Woods; rare. May, June. Colchester, (Robbins, Torrey, Ross); Burlington, (Jones). Has been found in two or three different stations at intervals of several years.

SPIRANTHES Richard. Ladies' Tresses

S. cerima (L.) Richard. Nodding Ladies' Tresses. Wet soil; common.

Aug., Sept. S. g'racilis (Bigel.) Beck. Slender Ladies' Tresses. Sandy woods and

plains; occasional. July, Aug. S. Romanzoffiana Cham. Swamps and moist soil; rare. July, Aug.

Colchester, (Grifhn).

SALICACEAE. WILLOW FAMILY

POPULUS (Tourn.) L. Poplar. Aspkx

P. ALBA L. White Poplar, Silver-leaved Poplar, Abele. Frequent a.s an escape from cultivation. Apr., May. Only pistillate trees occur.

P. l)alsamifera L. Balsam Poplar, Tacamahac. Wet ravines and bor- ders of rivers; frequent. Apr., May.

30 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

r. CANDiCANS Ait. Balm of Gilead. Occasional in cultivation and sometimes spontaneous. Apr., May.

r. deltoides Marsh. Cotton-wood, Necklace Poplar. Borders of streams and of Lake Champlain; frequent. Apr., May.

P. graiidideutata Michx. Large-toothed Aspen. Rich woods; frequent. Apr., May.

P. NIGRA L. One form occurs. Var. italica Du Roi. Lombardy Pop- lar. Frequently cultivated and tends to spread by sprouting from the roots. Apr., May. Only staminate trees occur.

P. tremuloides Michx. American Aspen, Trembling Poplar. Woods; common. Apr., May.

SALIX (Tourn.) L. W11.1.OW. OsiER

S. ALBA L. One form occurs. Var. vitellina (L.) Koch. White Wil- low. Common in cultivation and occasional as an escape. Apr., May.

S. cordata Muhl. Heart-leaved Willow. Wet soil ; common. Apr., May.

S. discolor Muhl. Pussy or Glaucous Willow. Wet soil; common. Apr., May. Var. eriocephala (Michx.) Anders. South Burlington, (Kirk and Jones). Apr., May.

S. FRAGiLis L. Crack Willow. Common in cultivation and as an es- cape. May.

S. humilis Marsh. Prairie Willow. Dry sandy plains; common. Apr., May.

S. lougifolia Muhl. Sand-bar Willow. Shores of Lake Champlain; occasional. May.

S. lucida Muhl. Shining Willow. Moist banks; frequent. May.

S. nigra Marsh. Black Willow. Banks of streams and ponds; com- mon. May. Var. faecata (Pursh) Torr. Burlington, (Rand). May.

S. pedicellaris Pursh. Bog Willow. Peat bogs; frequent. May.

S. petiolaris Sm. Slender Willow. Swamps and shores of Lake Cham- plain; rare. May. Burlington, (Grout and Jones).

S. PURPUREA L. Purple Willow. A frequent escape to watersides. Apr., May.

FLORA OP BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 31

S. rostrata Richards. Beaked Willow. Borders of thickets; common. Apr., May.

S. sericea Marsh. Silky Willow. In swamps and along streams; rare. Apr., May. Burlington and South Burlington, (Jones).

Some peculiar willows occur at Burlington, (Jones), which will prob- ably prove to be hybrids.

MYRICACEAE. SWEET GALE FAMILY

MYRICA L.

M. asplenifolia L. Sweet Fern. Dry sterile soil; common. Apr., May.

M. Gale L, Sweet Gale. Swamps and borders of ponds; occasional. May.

JUGLANDACEAE. WALNUT FAMILY

CARYA Nutt. Hickory

C. alba (L.) Koch. Mocker Nut, White-heart Hickory. Rocky pas- ture, Burlington, (Burns). June.

C. cordiformis (Wang.) Koch, Bitter-nut or Swamp Hickory. Occa- sional in cultivation, but rare otherwise. May, June. South Bur- lington, (Hubbard and Strait).

C. ovata (Mill.) Koch. Shellbark or Shagbark Hickory, Walnut. Rich soil; frequent. May, June.

JUGLANS L. Walnut

J. cinerea L. Butternut, White Walnut. Rocky hillsides; frequent. May.

BETULACEAE. BIRCH FAMILY

ALNUS (Tourn.) Hill. Alder

A. iucana (L.) Moench. Speckled or Hoary Alder. Swamps and bor- ders of streams; common. Apr. Several forms occur, which are intermediate between this and A. rugosa, and are regarded by some as hybrids.

A, mollis Fern. Downy Green Alder. Damp thickets and exposed rocky banks; rare. May. Burlington, (N. F. F.).

32 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

A. rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng. Smooth Alder. Moist soil; frequent.

Apr.

BETULA (Tourn.) L. Birch

B. alba L., var. papyrifera (Marsh.) Spach. Paper, Canoe or White

Birch. Moist soil; common. Apr., May.

B. leiita L. Cherry, Sweet or Black Birch. Rich woodlands; fre- quent. Apr., May.

B. lutea Michx. f. Yellow or Gray Birch. Rich cool soils; frequent. Apr., May.

B. populifolia Marsh. White, Gray or Old Field Birch. Poor sandy

soil; common. Apr., May.

CARPINUS (Tourn.) L. Hornbeam. Iron wood

C. caroliniaiia Walt. American Hornbeam, Blue or Water Beech.

Along streams; frequent. May.

CORYLUS (Tourn.) L. Hazelnut. Filbert

C. rostrata Ait. Beaked Hazelnut. Dry thickets; common. Apr., May.

OSTRYA (Mich.) Scop. Hop Hornbeam. Iron wood

0. Tirgiuiaua (Mill.) Koch. American Hop Hornbeam, Leverwood. Rich woods; common. May.

FAGACEAE. BEECH FAMILY

CASTANEA (Tourn.) Hill. Chestnut

C. deutata (Marsh.) Borkh. Chestnut. Rocky woods and hillsides. July. The trees on the Ethan Allen farm in the north part of Burlington were supposed to represent the northern limit of this tree, but it has recently been found in Colchester, (Griffin).*

FAGUS (Tourn.) L. Beech F. graiidifolia Ehrh. American Beech. Rich uplands; common. May.

QUERCUS (Tourn.) L. Oak Q, alba L. White Oak. Dryish woods; common. May.

Q. Ibicolor Willd. Swamp AVhite Oak. Borders of streams and swamps; frequent. May.

♦This last station is probably the one referred to in Hemenway's Vermont Gazeteer, Vol. 1, p. 758.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 33

Q. macroearpa Michx. Bur Oak, Over-cup or Mossy-cup Oak. Rich soil; rare. May. Burlington, (Jones); Colchester, (Griffin).

Q, Mulileubergii Engelm. Yellow Oak, Chestnut Oak. Dry limestone hillsides; rare. May. Colchester, (Griffin).

Q. rubra L. Red Oak. Rich or poor soil; common. May. Var. ambigua (Michx. f.) Fern. Gray Oak. Rocky woods, Burlington, (Burns). May.

Q. velutina Lam. Quercitron, Yellow-barked or Black Oak. Dry light soil ; frequent. May.

URTICACEAE. NETTLE FAMILY

BOEHMERIA Jacq. False Nettle

B. cylindrica (L.) Sw. Moist shady ground; frequent. July, Aug.

CANNABIS (Tourn.) L. Hemp

C. SATivA L. Common Hemp. Waste places; occasional. July-Sept.

CELTIS (Tourn.) L. Nettle Tree. Hackberrv

C. occideutalis L. Sugarberry. River banks and intervals; occasional. May.

HUMULUS L. Hop

H. japonicus Sieb. & Zucc. Japanese Hop. Waste places; rare. July. Burlington, (Jones, N. F. F.).

H. Lupui^us L. Common Hop. An occasional roadside escape. July.

LAPORTEA Gaud. Wood Nettle

L. canadensis (L.) Gaud. Rich woods; frequent. July, Aug.

MORUS (Tourn.) L. Mulberry

M. alba L. White Mulberry. An occasional escape to woods and road- sides. May. Burlington, (N. F. F.).

PARIETARIA (Tourn.) L. Pellitorv

P. peuDsylyaiiica Muhl. Shaded rocky banks; rare. June, July. Bur- lington, (Jones); South Burlington, (N. F. F.) ; Colchester, (Grif- fin).

34 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

PILEA Lindl. Richweed. ClEarweEd

P. pumila (L.) Gray. Cool and moist shaded places; frequent. July, Aug.

ULMUS (Tourn.) L. Elm U. americana L. American or White Elm. Moist soil; common. Apr. U. CAMPESTRis L. English Elm, Commonly planted and escaped to

roadside, Colchester, (N. F. F.). Apr. U. fulra Michx. Slippery or Red Elm. Rich rocky woods; occasional.

Apr. U. racemosa Thomas. Cork or Rock Elm. Occurs as a shade tree in

Burlington and search will probably reveal it on the river banks

or calcareous ridges in this vicinity. Apr., May.

URTICA (Tourn.) L. Nettle

U. gracilis Ait. Slender or Tall Wild Nettle. Fence rows and moist ground; common. July, Aug.

U. Lyallii Wats. Alluvial thickets and waste places; frequent. July, Aug. Has hitherto been confused with U. gracilis.

SANTALACEAE. SANDALWOOD FAMILY

COMANDRA Nutt. Bastard Toad-flax

C. Ricliardsiaiia Fern. Dry sandy or gravelly soil; common. May, June.

C. umbellata (L.) Nutt. Dry ground; rare. May, June. Colchester, (Griffin).

LORANTHACEAE. MISTLETOE FAMILY

ARCEUTHOBIUM Bieb.

A. pnsiUnm Peck. Dwarf Mistletoe. Parasitic on spruce and tama- rack. May. Colchester, (Jones).

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. BIRTHWORT FAMILY

ASARUM (Tourn.) L. Asarabacca. Wild Ginger A, canadense L. Rich woods; common. Apr., May.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 35

POLYGONACEAE. BUCKWHEAT FAMILY

FAGOPYRUM (Tourn.) Hill. Buckwheat F, ESCuivENTUM Moench. Persisting after cultivation. June-Sept.

POLYGONELLA Michx.

P. articulata (L.) Meisn. Coast Jointweed. Sandy shore of Lake Champlain; rare. Aug., Sept. Colchester, (Pringle, N. F. F.).

POLYGONUM (Tourn.) L. KnotweEd

P. acre HBK., var. leptostacliyiim Meisn. Water Smartweed. Wet meadows; occasional. July-Sept.

P. ampliibiiim L. One form occurs. Var. Hartwrightii (Gray) Bis- sell. Wet places; rare. Aug., Sept. Burlington, (Jones, N. F. F.).

P. arifolium L. Halberd-leaved Tear-thumb. Wet ground; occasional. Aug., Sept.

P. aviculare L. Knotgrass, Knotweed, Doorweed. Dooryards, waste places, etc.; common. June-Sept.

P. ayiculare L., var. yeg^etum Ledeb. Burlington, (Grout). July-Sept.

P. ciliuode Michx. Fringed Black Bindweed. Rocky copses; frequent. July-Sept.

P. CoNvoLVUEUS L. Black Bindweed. Cultivated and waste ground; common. June-Sept;

P. cuspiDATUM Sieb. & Zucc. Japanese Knotweed. Adventive in gar- den, Shelburne, (Mrs. Gebhardt). Aug., Sept.

P. erectum L. Erect Knotweed. Waysides, waste places, etc.; local. July, Aug. South Burlington, (N. F. F.).

P. Hydropiper L. Common Smartweed or Water Pepper. Moist places; common. July-Sept.

P. lapathifolium L. Dock-leaved or Pale Persicaria. Alluvial fields; frequent. July-Sept. A stout form near var. nodosum (Pers.) Weinm. occurs. Fort Ethan Allen, (N. F. F.).

P. Muhlenbergii (Meisn.) Wats. Swamp Persicaria. Muddy or exsic- cated places; occasional. Aug., Sept.

P. ORiENTALE L. Prince's Feather. Persisting about gardens; occa- sional. July-Sept.

36 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

P. peuusylvauicum L. Common or Pink Persicaria. Moist soil; fre- quent. July-Sept.

P. Persicaria L. Lady's Thumb. Waste places; common. July-Sept.

P. sa^ittatum L. Arrow-leaved Tear-thumb. Low ground; common. Aug., Sept.

P. scandeus L. Climbing False Buckwheat. Moist thickets; frequent. Aug., Sept.

P. Tirgiiiiaimm L. Moist thickets; occasional. Aug., Sept.

RUMEX L. Dock. SorrEi,

R. AcETOSA L. Garden Sorrel. Adventive in grass lands, Burling- ton, (Jones). June.

R. AcETOSEEEA L. Field or Sheep Sorrel. Fields, especially in sterile soil; a common weed. May- July.

R. Britanuica L. Great Water Dock. Wet places; frequent. July, Aug.

R. CRiSPUs L. Yellow Dock. Fields and waste places; common. June, July.

R. MExiCANus Meisn. Rich soil; rare. July. Colchester, (Sprague) ; Burlington, (N. F. F.).

R. MONTANUM Desf. A garden escape, Burlington, (N. F. F.). June. Station destroyed by building operations.

R. OBTusiEOEius L. Bitter Dock. Fields and waste places; common. June, July.

K. Patientia L. Patience Dock. Rich open soil ; frequent. June, July.

R. yerticillatus L. Swamp Dock. Swamps; frequent. June, July.

CHENOPODIACEAE. GOOSEFOOT FAMILY

CHENOPODIUM (Tourn.) L. Goosefoot. Pigweed

C. AEBUM L. Lamb's Quarters, Pigweed. Fields; a common weed. June-Sept. Var. viride (L.) Moq. Becoming frequent. June-Sept.

Co ambrosioides L. Mexican Tea. Adventive on railway embankment, Colchester, (N. F. F.). Aug., Sept.

C. BoTRYS L. Jerusalem Oak, Feather Geranium. Lake shore and waste places; occasional. July-Sept.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 37

r. capitatum (L.) Asch. Strawberry Elite. Rich ground; rare. July. Burlington, (Jones and Howe).

C. GivAucuM L. Oak-leaved Goosefoot. Railroad yard, Burlington, (Orton). July-Sept.

C. hybridum L. Maple-leaved Goosefoot. Shady ledges and waste places; frequent. July-Sept.

C. URBicuM L. Upright Goosefoot. Adventive in lumber yards, Bur- lington, (Howe). June- Aug.

SALSOLA L. Saltwort

S. Kali L., var. TEnuifolia Mey. Russian Thistle. Occasional as a recent introduction, Burlington, (N. F. F.) ; Colchester, (Jones). Aug., Sept.

AMARANTHACEAE. AMARANTH FAMILY

ACNIDA L. Water Hemp

A. tuberculata Moq. Sandy shore of Lake Champlain, Burlington,

(N. F. F.). Aug., Sept.

AMARANTHUS (Tourn.) L. Amaranth

A. blitoides Wats. Prostrate Amaranth. Waste places and along rail- roads; becoming common. July-Sept.

A^ graecizans L. Tumble Weed. Waste and cultivated ground; fre- quent. July-Sept.

A. retroflExus L. Green Amaranth, Pigweed. A common weed in cul- tivated ground. July-Sept.

A. sPiNosus L. Thorny Amaranth. Adventive in cultivated ground, Burlington, (Mrs. Walker), July-Sept.

PHYTOLACCACEAE. POKEWEED FAMILY

PHYTOLACCA (Tourn.) L. Poke weed

P. decandra L. Common Poke or Scoke, Garget, Pigeon Berry. Pas- tures and fields; rare. July-Sept. Colchester, (Jones).

38 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

AIZOACEAE

MOLLUGO L. Indian ChickweEd

M. vERTiciLLATA L. Carpet Weed. Cultivated ground and waste places in sandy soil; frequent. July-Oct.

CARYOPHYLLACEAE. PINK FAMILY

AGROSTEMMA L. Corn Cockle A. GiTHAGO L. Cultivated fields; occasional. June, July. ARENARIA L. Sandwort

A. lateriflora L. Blunt-leaved Sandwort. Rocky headland of Lake Champlain, Burlington, (Miss Hitchcock). June, July.

A. SERPYELiFOEiA L. Thymc-lcaved Sandwort. Dry rocky places; fre- quent. June-Aug.

A. stricta Michx. Rock Sandwort. Cliffs and headlands of Lake Cham- plain; occasional. June, July.

CERASTIUM L. MousE-Ear ChickwEEd

C. aryeiise L, Field Mouse-ear Chickweed. Dry or rocky places; rare.

June, July. Colchester, (Griffin). C. nutans Raf. Nodding Chickweed. Moist rich soil ; rare. June, July.

Colchester, (Griffin).

C. vuEGATUM L. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fields, dooryards,

etc. ; common. Apr. -Oct.

DIANTHUS L. Pink. Carnation

D, barbatus L. Sweet William. Roadside escape from garden, Essex,

(N. F. F.). June, July.

GYPSOPHILA L.

G. muralis L. Low Gypsophila. Spontaneous in garden, Burlington, (Jones); in old field, Colchester, (N. F. F.). July-Sept.

LYCHNIS (Tourn.) L. Campion

L. alba Mill. White Campion. Waste grounds and roadsides; rare. June-Aug. Burlington, (Grout) ; weed in meadow, Colchester, (Jones).

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 39

L. DioiCA L. Red Campion. Persistent in old dooryard, Colchester, (N. F. F.) ; in grass land, Burlington, (Morse). July-Sept.

SAPONARIA L.

S. OFFICINALIS L. Soapwort, Bouncing Bet. Waste places and road- sides; common. July-Oct.

S. Vaccaria L. Cow-herb. Railroad yards, Burlington, (N. F. F., Ross). June, July.

SILENE L. Catch FLY. Campion

S. aiitirrhiua L. Sleepy Catchfly. Dry soil; frequent. June- Aug.

S» Armeria L. Sweet William Catchfly. Spontaneous in garden, Bur- lington, (N. F. F.). July-Sept.

S. ivATiFouA (Mill.) Britten & Rendle. Bladder Campion. Roadsides and fields; occasional. June, July.

S. NOCTiFLORA L. Night-flowering Catchfly. Cultivated grounds and waste places; occasional. June-Oct.

SPERGULA L. Spurrey

S. ARVENSis L. Corn Spurrey. Weed in cultivated grounds; occasional. June-Sept.

S. SATiVA Boenn. Field Spurrey. Adventive at Experiment Farm, Bur- lington, (Hazen). June, July.

STELLARIA L. ChickwEEd. Starwort

S. borealis Bigel. Northern Stitchwort. Shaded or wet places; rare. June-Aug. Burlington, (N. F. F.).

S. GR.\MiNEA L. Lesser Stitchwort or Starwort. Roadsides and moist grasslands; frequent. June, July. Var. eatifolia Peterm. Damp grassy place, Williston, (N. F. F.).

S. loiigifolia Muhl. Long-leaved Stitchwort. Damp intervals: occa- sional. June, July.

S. MEDIA (L.) Cyrill. Common Chickweed. A common weed in moist shaded places. Apr. -Oct.

40 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

PORTULACACEAE. PURSLANE FAMILY

CLAYTONIA (Gronov.) L. Spring Beauty

C. caroliniana Michx. Spring Beauty. Rich open woods; frequent.

Apr., May. C. Tirginica L. Broad-leaved Spring Beauty. Wooded edge of interval,

South Burlington, (Torrey, Jones). Apr., May.

PORTULACA (Tourn.) L. Purslane

P. OLERACEA L. Common Purslane, Pusley. Cultivated and waste grounds; common. June- Aug.

NYMPHAEACEAE. WATER LILY FAMILY

BRASENIA Schreb. Water Shield

B. Schreberi Gmel. Ponds; rare, July, Aug. Shelburne, (Jones);

Colchester, (Macrae, N. F. F.).

CASTALIA Salisb. Water Lily. Water Nymph

C. odorata (Ait.) Woodville & Wood. Sweet-Scented White Water Lily,

Pond Lily. Ponds and slow streams; common. July, Aug.

C. tuberosa (Paine) Greene. Tuberous White Water Lily. Tribu- taries of Lake Champlain; rare. July, Aug. Shelburne, (Pringle) ; Burlington, (Grout and Tracy).

NYMPHAEA (Tourn.) L. Yellow Pond Lily. Spatter Dock

Jf. advena Ait. Cow Lily, Large Yellow Pond Lily. Ponds and slow streams; common. June- Aug.

y, microphylla Pers. Small Yellow Pond Lily, Ponds and slow streams; frequent. June-Aug.

X ? X. riibrodisca (Morong) Greene. La Plot River, Shelburne, (Prin- gle). June-Aug.

RANUNCULACEAE. CROWFOOT FAMILY

ACTAEA L. Baneberry. Cohosh

A. alba (L.) Mill. White Baneberry, Doll's Eyes. Rich woods; com- mon. May.

A. rubra (Ait.) Willd. Red Baneberry. Rich woods; common. May.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 41

ANEMONE (Tourn.) L. Anemone

A. canadensis L. Round-headed Anemone. Moist rocky banks; fre- quent. May, June.

A. cylindrica Gray. Long-fruited Anemone. Dry woods and fields; frequent. June, July.

A. multifida Poir. Cut-leaved Anemone. Ledgy shores; rare. June. Colchester and Burlington, (Robbins, Torrey).

A, quinquefolia L. Wood Anemone, Wind Flower. Margin of woods; common. May.

A. riparia Fern. Gravelly and rocky banks; frequent. June, July.

A. yirginiana L. Tall Anemone. Woods and meadows ; common. June,

July.

AQUILEGIA (Tourn.) L. Coeumbine

A. canadensis L. Wild Columbine. Rocky places and dry sandy plains; common. May, June.

A, vuEGARis L. Garden Columbine. Common in cultivation and a rare roadside escape. June. Colchester, (Jones); Williston, (N. F, F.).

CALTHA (Rupp.) L. Marsh Marigold

C« palustris L. Cowslips. Swamps and wet meadows; common. Apr., May.

CIMICIFUGA L. Bugbane

C. racemosa (L.) Nutt. Black Snakeroot, Black Cohosh. U. V. M. Herb., Torrey collection. There is no locality on the label, but there is very little doubt that this was collected in Burlington, fifty years or so ago. July.

CLEMATIS L. Virgin's Bower

C. Terticillaris DC. Purple Clematis. Rocky woods; frequent. May.

C. yirgiuiana L. Wild Clematis, Virgin's Bower, Traveler's Joy. River banks and moist thickets; common. July, Aug.

COPTIS Salisb. Goldthread

C. trifolia (L.) Salisb. Canker-root. Wet woods; common. Apr., May.

HEPATICA (Rupp.) Hill. Liverleaf. Hepatica

H. acutiloba DC. Sharp-lobed Liverleaf. Woods; frequent. Apr., May.

42 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

H. triloba Chaix. Round-lobed Liverleaf. Warm open woods; com- mon. Apr., May. Interesting variations in leaf and flower char- acters have been observed.*

HYDRASTIS Ellis. Oraxge-root. Yki^low Puccoon

H, canadensis L. Golden Seal. Rich woods; rare. May. Shelburne, (Horsford).

RANUNCULUS (Tourn.) L. Crowfoot. Buttercup

K. abortivus L. Small-flowered Crowfoot. Shady banks; common. Apr.-June.

It. abortirus L., var. eucyclus Fern. Shady bank, Burlington, (N. F. F.). May, June.

R. ACRis L. Tall Crowfoot or Buttercup. Everywhere as a weed in grass lands. May-Oct. Var. Steveni (Andrz.) Lange. Grass lands; frequent. May-Oct.

11, aquatilis L., var. capillaceus DC. Common White Water Crowfoot. In slow water; rare. June, July. Colchester, (Griffin).

E, BUEBOSUS L. Bulbous Crowfoot or Buttercup. Introduced in field. South Burlington, (Collins). May, June.

B. circinatus Sibth. Stiff Water Crowfoot. La Plot River, Shelburne, (Torrey). June-Aug.

R. delphinifolius Torr. Yellow Water Crowfoot. Still water and muddy banks; occasional. May, June. Var. terrEstris (Gray) Farwell Occasional. This seems to be the form the species takes when rooting out of water or left in the mud of drying ponds.

li. riamniula L., var. reptans (L.) Mey. Creeping Spearwort. Gravelly or sandy shores; occasional. July, Aug.

R. peunsylvanicus L. f. Bristly Crowfoot. Wet places; frequent. July, Aug.

R. recurvatus Poir. Hooked Crowfoot. Moist woods; frequent. May, June.

R. REPENS L. Creeping Buttercup. Adventive in lawns, Burlington, (Jones, Mrs. Forbes). June, July.

R. sceleratus L. Cursed Crowfoot. Wet ditches and low grounds; local. June, July. Colchester and Burlington, (N. F. F.).

*See "Vagaries of Hepatica" by F. A. Ross in Torreya, Vol. 3. (Apr., iyOo) .

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 43

R. septentrionalis Poir. Swamp Buttercup. Wet places; frequent. May, June.

THALICTRUM (Tourn.) L. Meadow Rue

T. confine Fern. Rocky shore of Lake Champlain, Burlington, (N.

F. F.). July-Sept. T. dioiciim L. Early Meadow Rue. Rocky woodlands; common. Apr.,

May. T, polyg'amum Muhl. Tall Meadow Rue. Moist meadows; common.

June, July.

BERBERIDACEAE. BARBERRY FAMILY

BERBERIS (Tourn.) L. Barberry

B. VULGARIS L. Common Barberry. A frequent escape from cultiva- tion. May, June.

CAULOPHYLLUM Michx. BeuE Cohosh

C. thalictroides (L.) Michx. Pappoose Root. Rich woods; common.

Apr., May.

LAURACEAE. LAUREL FAMILY

BENZOIN Fabric. Wild Allspice. Fever Bush

B. aestirale (L.) Nees. Spice Bush, Benjamin Bush. Damp woods.

Apr., May. Abundant at the one station, South Burlington, (N. F. F.).

PAPAVERACEAE. POPPY FAMILY

CHELIDONIUM (Tourn.) L. Celandine

C. majus L. Waste places; frequent. May-Aug.

PAP AVER (Tourn.) L. Poppy

P. Rhoeas L. Corn Poppy. Persistent in garden, Burlington, (N. F, F.). June-Sept. This is the commonly cultivated Shirley poppy.

SANGUINARIA (Dill.) L. Bloodroot S. canadensis L. Borders of rich woods; common. Apr., May.

44 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

FUMARIACEAE. FUMITORY FAMILY

ADLUMIA Raf. Climbing Fumitory

A. fuugosa (Ait.) Greene. Mountain Fringe, Allegheny Vine. Rich rocky woods; occasional. July-Sept.

CORYDALIS (Dill.) Medic.

C, anrea Willd. Golden Corydalis. Rocky banks; rare. Apr.- June. Burlington, (Torrey) ; Colchester, (GrifRn).

C. sempervireus (L.) Pers. Pale or Pink Corydalis. Rocky woodlands;

frequent. May-Aug.

DICENTRA Bernh.

D, canadensis (Goldie) Walp. Squirrel Corn. Rich woods; rare. Apr., May. Shelburne, (Torrey) ; South Burlington, (N. F. F.).

D, Cucullaria (L.) Bernh. Dutchman's Breeches. Rich woods; occa- sional. Apr., May.

FUMARIA (Tourn.) L. Fumitory

F. officinalis L. Common Fumitory. Persistent in old garden, Es- sex, (Jones). June- Aug.

CRUCIFERAE. MUSTARD FAMILY

ARABIS L. Rock Crfss

A. brachycarpa (T. & G.) Britton. Purple Rock Cress. Sandy soil, rocky banks, etc.; frequent. June, July.

A. Drummondii Gray. Rocky places; occasional. May, June.

A. glabra (L.) Bernh. Tower Mustard. Rocks and fields; occasional. June.

A. hirsuta (L.) Scop. Hairy Rock Cress. Rocky places; frequent. June.

A. laeyigata (Muhl.) Poir. Smooth Rock Cress. Rocky places; occa-

sional. May, June.

BARBAREA R. Br. Winter Cress

B, stricta Andrz. Erect-fruited Winter Cress. Roadsides and mead-

ows; common. May, June.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 45

H. VULGARIS R. Br. Common Winter Cress, Yellow Rocket. Low grounds and roadsides; rare. May, June. South Burlington, (N. F. F.).

BERTEROA DC.

B. INCANA (L.) DC. Hoary Alyssum. A weed in lawns and by way- sides. First noticed in Burlington, (Miss Towle), 1895, but now becoming frequent. June-Oct.

BRASSICA (Tourn.) L. Mustard. Turnip

B. ARVENSis (L.) Ktze. Charlock. A weed in fields; common. June-

. Oct. B. CAMPESTRis L. Rutabaga. Fields; frequent. June-Oct. B. juNCEA (L.) Cosson. Indian Mustard. Fields; occasional. June- Oct.

B. NIGRA (L.) Koch. Black Mustard. Waste places; rarely seen. July-

Sept. Burlington, (N. F. F.).

CAMELINA Crantz. False Flax

C. microcarpa Andrz. Fields, etc.; occasional. June, July.

CAPSELLA Medic. Shepherd's Purse

C. Bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. A common weed. Apr. -Oct.

CARDAMINE (Tourn.) L. Bitter Cress

C. parviflora L. Small Bitter Cress. Dry rocky woods; occasional. May, June.

C. peiinsylTanica Muhl. Bitter Cress. Cold wet woods and moist

ground; common. May, June.

DENTARIA (Tourn.) L. Tooth wort. PeppER-root

D. diphylla Michx. Two-leaved Toothwort or Pepper-root. Rich moist

woods; occasional. May.

D. laciiiiata Muhl. Cut-leaved Toothwort or Pepper-root. Rich damp woods; rare. May. South Burlington, (Torrey) ; Shelburne, (Pringle).

D. maxima Nutt. Large Toothwort or Pepper-root. Rich moist woods; rare. May. Shelburne, (Pringle); South Burlington, (Perkins); Colchester, (Griffin).

46 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

DRABA (Dill.) L. Whitlow-grass

D. arabisaus Michx. Twisted Whitlow-grass. Rocky cliffs; rare. May,

June. Burlington, (Torrey).

ERYSIMUM (Tourn.) L. Treacle Mustard

E. cheiranthoidES L. Worm-seed Mustard. Fields and railroad yards;

occasional. July-Oct.

LEPIDIUM (Tourn.) L. Pepper wort. PeppErgrass

L. apetalum Willd. Wild Peppergrass. Dry soil, especially along rail- roads; common. June-Oct.

L, campestrE (L.) R. Br. Field or Cow Cress. Fields and roadsides; rare. June. Burlington, (Jones).

L. viRGiNicuM L. Wild Peppergrass. Dry soil, especially along rail- roads; common. June-Oct.

LOBULARIA Desv. SwEET Alyssum

L. maritima (L.) Desv. Occasionally spontaneous in gardens and waste places. July-Sept.

RADICULA (Dill.) Hill. Water Cress

R. aquatica (Eat.) Robins. Lake Cress. Lakes and rivers; rare. July, Aug. La Plot River, Shelburne, (Pringle) ; Malletts Creek, Col- chester, (Griffin).

K, Armoracia (L.) Robins. Horseradish. A frequent escape to moist grounds. May, June.

U, palustris (L.) Moench. Marsh Cress. Wet places; occasional. June, July. Burlington, (N. F. F.).

K. palustris (L.) Moench, var. hispida (Desv.) Robins. Hairy Marsh Cress. Wet places; frequent. June, July.

K. SYEvESTRis (L.) Druce. Yellow Cress. A weed in cultivated ground and wet meadow, South Burlington, (N. F. F.). June.

SISYMBRIUM (Tourn.) L. Hedge Mustard

S. aetissimum L. Tumble Mustard. First introduced a few years ago, but already becoming a common weed in fields, roadsides, etc. June-Oct.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 4*7

)S* OFFICINAI.E: (L.) Scop., var. leiocarpum DC. Common Hedge Mus- tard. A common weed in waste places and cultivated grounds. June-Oct.

THLASPI (Tourn.) L. Penny Cress

T. ARVENSE L. Field Penny Cress, Mithridate Mustard. Waste places; occasional. June. Burlington, (Jones, N. F. F.).

CAPPARIDACEAE. CAPER FAMILY

POLANISIA Raf.

P. graveoleiis Raf. Clammy-weed. Sandy shore of Lake Champlain; common. July, Aug.

SARRACENIACEAE. PITCHER=PLANT FAMILY

SARRACENIA (Tourn.) L.

S. purpurea L. Side-saddle Flower, Pitcher-plant, Huntsman's Cup. Sphagnum bogs; frequent. June,

DROSERACEAE. SUNDEW FAMILY

DROSERA L. Sundew

D. longifolia L. Long-leaved Sundew. Bogs; rare. July, Aug. Col- chester, (Pringle, Griffin).

D. rotundifolia L. Round-leaved Sundew. Bogs and wet banks; fre- quent. July, Aug.

CRASSULACEAE. ORPINE FAMILY

PENTHORUM (Gronov.) L. Ditch Stonecrop P. sedoides L. Ditches and swamps; frequent. July-Sept.

SBDUM (Tourn.) L. Stonecrop. Orpine S. acre L. Mossy Stonecrop. On rocks; occasional. June, July.

S. PURPUREUM Tausch. (S. triphyllum (Haw.) Gray) Garden Orpine, Live-for-ever. Fields and roadsides; common. Aug., Sept.

48 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

S. TELEPHioiDES Michx. American Orpine. A roadside escape in sandy soil, Colchester, (N. F. F.). Sept.

SAXIFRAGACEAE. SAXIFRAGE FAMILY

CHRYSOSPLENIUM (Tourn.) L. Golden Saxifrage C. americanum Schwein. Wet shady places; frequent. May, June. MITELLA (Tourn.) L. Miterwort. Bishop's Cap

M. diphylla L. Two-leaved Miterwort. Rich woods; common. Apr.,

May. M. iiuda L. Naked Miterwort. Deep moist woods, in moss ; rare. May,

June. South Burlington, (Jones); Burlington, (N. F. F.).

PARNASSIA (Tourn.) L. Grass oe Parnassus

P. earoliuiana Michx. Wet banks; rare. Aug. South Burlington, (Torrey, Ross); Burlington, (N. F. F.).

RIBES L. Currant. Gooseberry

R. aurEum Pursh. (R. odoratum Wend.) Missouri or Buffalo Cur- rant. Occasionally persistent about old building sites. May.

R. Cynosbati L. Prickly Gooseberry, Dogberry. Rocky woods; com- mon. May.

R. floridum L'Her. (R. americanum Mill.) Wild Black Currant. Moist rich woods; frequent. May, June.

R. triste Pall. Swamp Red Currant. Cold swamps; occasional. May.

R, vulgare Lam. Garden Red Currant. Common in cultivation and occasional as an escape in fence-rows and waste places. Apr., May.

SAXIFRAGA (Tourn.) L. Saxifrage

S. peunsylyanica L. Swamp Saxifrage. Bogs; rare. May, June. South

Burlington, (Benedict, N. F. F.).

S. Tirginiensis Michx. Early Saxifrage. Exposed rocks and dry hill- sides; common. Apr., May.

TIARELLA L. False Miterwort

Tv cordifolia L. Foam-flower. Rich moist woods; common. May, June.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 49

HAMAMELIDACEAE. WITCH=HAZEL FAMILY

HAMAMELIS L. Witch-hazef. H. Tirginiaua L. Low woods; common. Oct.

PLATANACEAE. PLANE TREE FAMILY

PLATANUS (Tourn.) L. Svc.k.mokiv. Buttonwood P. occidentalis L. Plane Tree. Alluvial banks; frequent. May.

ROSACEAE. ROSE FAMILY

AGRIMONIA (Tourn.) L. Agrimony

A. gryposepala Wallr. Tall Hairy Agrimony. Roadsides and borders of woods; frequent. July-Sept.

A. striata Michx. Woodland Agrimony. Woods and thickets; occa- sional. July, Aug.

AMELANCHIER Medic. Juneberrv

A. cauadeusis (L.) Medic. Shad Bush, Service Berry. Woods; com- mon. Apr., May.

A, oblougifolia (T. & G.) Roem. Rock Shad Bush. Moist woods and rocky uplands; frequent. May.

A. spicata (Lam.) Koch. Shore Shad Bush. Banks of streams and sandy soil; frequent. May.

CRATAEGUS (Tourn.) L. Hawthorn. White Thorn

C. alnoruni Sarg. Burlington, (Eggleston). Fl. May; fr. Sept.

C. apposita Sarg. Burlington, (Edson). Fl. May, June; fr. Oct.

r. macracaiitba Lodd. Burlington and South Burlington, (Edson). Fl. May; fr. Sept.

C* macro sperma Ashe. Burlington, (Edson); Essex, (Jones). Fl. May; fr. Sept. Var. matura (Sarg.) Eggl. Burlington, (Eggles- ton). Fl. May; fr. Aug., Sept.

C. Oxyacantha L. (C. monogyna Jacq.) English Hawthorn. Natural- ized in ravines about Burlington, (Jones). Fl. May; fr. Sept.

50 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

C. pruinosa (Wendl.) Koch. Buiiington, (Edson). Fl. May; fr. Oct., Nov. Var, philadelphica (Sarg.) Eggl. Burlington, (Eggleston),

C. punctata Jacq. South Burlington, (Jones); Burlington, (Edson). Fl. May, June; fr. Oct.

C, rotuiidifolia Moench. Burlington, (Edson). Fl. May; fr. Sept.

C. sihicola Beadle, var. Beckwitliae (Sarg.) Eggl. Burlington, (Eg-

gleston). FL May; fr. Oct.

DALIBARDA Kalm.

D. repens L. Cool moist woods; frequent. July.

FILIPENDULA (Tourn.) Hill.

F. VULGARIS Moench. Dropwort. A garden escape well established by roadside, Burlington, (N. F. F.). Station destroyed by street improvements in 1908. June.

FRAGARIA (Tourn.) L. Strawberry

F. vesca L., var. americaua Porter. Wood Strawberry. Woods; com- mon. Apr.- June.

F. Tirgiuiaiia Duch. Wild Strawberry. Fields; common. Apr., May.

GEUM L. AvENS

G. caiiadense Jacq. White Avens. Borders of woods; common. July,

Aug.

G. riyale L. Water or Purple Avens. Bogs or wet meadows; occa- sional. May, June.

G. strictiim Ait. Yellow Avens. Moist meadows; common. July, Aug.

G. virginiaiiTim L. Rough Avens. Low grounds; rare. July. Bur- lington, (N. F. F.).

POTENTILLA L. Cinquefoil. Five-finger

P. Anseriiia L. Silver Weed. Shores of Lake Champlain; common. June-Aug.

P. anseriua L., var. concolor Ser. (Var. sericea Hayne) Shore of Lake Champlain, Burlington, (N. F. F.). Aug.

P, argeutea L. Silvery Cinquefoil. Dry barren fields; common. June- Sept.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 51

P. arguta Pursh. Tall Cinqiiefoil. Rocky hills; rare. June, July. South Burlington, (Jones); Colchester, (Griflfin).

P. canadensis L., var. simplex (Michx.) T. & G. Five-finger. Dry sandy soil; common. May-July.

P. friiticosa L. Shrubby Cinquefoil. Frequent in the boggy meadows in the vicinity of Winooski Gorge. May-Sept.

P. monspeliensis L. Rough Cinquefoil. Dry soil; common. May- Aug.

P. palustris (L.) Scop. Marsh Cinquefoil. Cool bogs; frequent. June, July.

P. RECTA L. Adventive in lawn, Burlington^ (Hazen). Aug.

PRUNUS (Tourn.) L. Pi.um. Cherry

P. cuneata Raf. Appalachian Cherry. Sandy shores of Lake Cham- plain and on the sand plains; frequent. May.

P. nigra Ait. Wild or Canada Plum. Woods and fencerows; frequent. Apr., May.

P. pennsylvanica L. f. Wild Red, Bird, Fire, or Pin Cherry. Dry woods and clearings; common. Apr., May.

P. pumila L. Sand Cherry. Rocky shore of Winooski River; rare. May.

P, serotina Ehrh. Wild Black or Rum Cherry. Woodlands; frequent. May, June.

P. Yirginiana L. Choke Cherry. Fencerows, woods and banks; com- mon. May, June.

PYRUS (Tourn.) L.

P. americana (Marsh.) DC. American Mountain Ash. Wet woods; occasional. May, June.

P. arlmtifolia (L.) L. f. Red Chokeberry. Swamp, Burlington, (Rand). May, June.

P. arbutifolia (L.) L. f., var. atropurpurea (Britton) Robins. Purple Chokeberry. Swamp, South Burlington, (N. F. F.). May, June.

P. AucuPARiA (L.) Ehrh. European Mountain Ash, Rowan Tree. Nat- uralized and frequent about Burlington. May.

P. Malus L. Apple. Fencerows and roadsides; frequent. May.

P. melanocarpa (Michx.) Willd. Black Chokeberry. Moist woods, and also rocky uplands; common. May, June.

52 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

ROSA (Tourn.) L. Rose

R. acicularis Lindl., var. Bourgeauiana Crepin. Prickly Rose. Ledges, rocky woods, etc.; rare. June, July, Burlington, (Brainerd).

R. blanda Ait. Smooth Rose, Roadsides and ledges; frequent. June, July,

R. Carolina L. Swamp Rose. Borders of swamps and streams; occa- sional. June, July.

R, ciNNAMOMEA L. Ciunamon Rose. Once much cultivated and now established by roadsides, etc.; occasional. June, July. South Burlington, (Jones); Colchester, (N, F. F.),

R, hnmilis Marsh, Pasture Rose. Rocky slopes; frequent. June, July.

R, RUBiGiNOSA L. Sweetbrier, Eglantine. Old pastures; frequent. June, July.

RUBUS (Tourn.) L. Brambi^e

R. allegheuiensis Porter. High-bush Blackberry. Dry open thickets and recent clearings; frequent. May, June.

R. liispidns L, Running Swamp Blackberry, Swamp Dewberry. Moist woods; frequent, June, July.

R. idaeus L., var. aculeatissimus (Mey.) Regel & Tiling. (R. idaeus L., var, canadensis Rich.) Wild Red Raspberry. Thickets and clear- ings; common. May, June.

X ? R. ueglectus Peck. Purple Raspberry. Rocky woods, gravelly banks, etc.; occasional. May, June.

R, occidentalis L. Black Raspberry, Thimbleberry. Copses, fence- rows, etc; frequent. May, June. Forma paludus (Bailey) Rob- ins. Fencerow, Burlington, (Sprague),

R. odoratus L. Purple Flowering Raspberry, Moist shaded hillsides; common. July, Aug,

R. recurvans Blanch. Recurved Blackberry. Open soil, thickets, etc.; occasional, June.

R. tritlorus Richards. (R. pubescens Raf.) Dwarf or Running Rasp- berry, Red Dewberry, Wet woods; frequent. May, June.

R. villosus Ait. Black Dewberry. Dry open places; occasional. May, June.

FLORA OP BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 53

SANGUISORBA (Rupp.) L. Bl^rnet

S. MINOR Scop. Garden Burnet. Established in grass lands, Shel- burne, (N. F. F.). .lune.

SORBARIA A. Br.

8. SORBIFOLIA (L.) A. Br. Ash-leaved Spiraea. An occasional escape to' copses and roadsides, where it is well established. June.

SPIRAEA (Tourn.) L.

S. latifolia (Ait.) Borkh. Meadow-sweet, Queen of the Meadow. Wet meadows and rocky pastures; common. July, Aug.

S. toineiitosa L. Hardback, Steeple Bush. Low grounds; common. July, Aug.

WALDSTEINIA Willd.

W. fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt. Barren Strawberry. Wooded hill- sides; frequent. Apr., May.

LEGUMINOSAE. PULSE FAMILY

AMPHICARPA Ell. Hog Peanut

A. moiioica (L.) Ell. Rich damp woodlands; common. July-Sept.

APIOS (Boerh.) Ludwig. Groundnut. Wild Bean A. tuberosa Moench. Low moist ground; frequent. July-Sept.

ASTRAGALUS (Tourn.) L. Miek Vetch

A. canadensis L. Shores of Lake Champlain; rare. July, Aug. South Burlington, (Torrey) ; Colchester, (Griffin).

A. BebMnsii (Oakes) Gray. On limestone rocks, Winooski Gorge, (Robbins), This, the only known station in Vermont, was de- stroyed in 1894 when the new dam flooded the rocks.

CICER L.

C. ARiETiNUM L. Chick-pea. Adventive on railway embankment, Col-

chester, (N. F. F.). Sept., Oct.

DESMODIUM Desv. Tick Treeoil

D, canadense (L.) DC. Showy Tick Trefoil. Open woods and banks

of streams; frequent. July, Aug.

54 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

D. Dillenii Darl, Open woodlands; occasional. July, Aug.

D. grandiflomm (Walt.) DC. Rich woods; common. July, Aug.

D. nudiflorum (L.) DC. Dry woods; frequent. July, Aug.

LATHYRUS (Tourn.) L. Vetchung. Everlasting Pea

L. maritiinus (L.) Bigel. Beach Pea. Shores of Lake Champlain; occasional. June-Aug. A white-flowered form occurs.

L. ochroleucus Hook. Cream-colored Vetchling. Headlands of Lake Champlain; rare. June, July. South Burlington, (Torrey) ; Col- chester, (N. F. F.).

L* palustris L. Marsh Pea. Shores of Lake Champlain; occasional. July.

LESPEDEZA Michx. Bush Clover

L, capitata Michx. Sandy soil; occasional. Aug.

LUPINUS (Tourn.) L. Lupine

L. PERENNis L. Wild Lupine. Sand plains; frequent. May, June.

MEDIC AGO (Tourn.) L. Medick

M. ARABiCA (L.) Huds. Spotted Medick. Adventive at Experiment Farm, Burlington, (Jones). June-Aug.

M. HispiDA Gaertn. Bur Clover. Adventive at Experiment Farm, Bur- lington, (Jones). June.

M, LUPULiNA L. Black Medick, Nonesuch. Roadsides and fields; com- mon. May-Sept.

M. SATiVA L, Lucerne, Alfalfa. Often cultivated and occasionally spontaneous. June, July.

MELILOTUS (Tourn.) Hill. SwEET Clover. Melilot

M. ALBA Desr. White Melilot or Sweet Clover. Waste grounds and along railroads; frequent. June-Oct.

M. OFFICINALIS (L.) Lam. Yellow Melilot or Sweet Clover. Roadsides and waste places; occasional. June-Aug.

ONOBRYCHIS L. Sainfoin

0. SATivA Lam. Adventive at Experiment Farm, Burlington, (Jones). June.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 55

ROBINIA L. Locust

R, Pseudo-Acacia L. Common Locust, False Acacia. Frequent in cul- tivation and thoroughly naturalized. June.

R, viscosA Vent. Clammy Locust. An established roadside escape, South Burlington and Colchester, (N. F. F.). June.

TRIFOLIUM (Tourn.) L. Clover. Trefoil

T, AGRARiuM L. Yellow or Hop Clover. Sandy soil; frequent. May- Aug.

T, ARVENSE L. Rabbit-foot or Stone Clover. Dry sandy soil; common, July-Sept.

T. HYBRiDUM L. Alsike Clover. Fields and roadsides; common. May- Aug.

T. MEDIUM L. Zigzag Clover. Adventive at Experiment Farm, Bur- lington, (Jones). July, Aug.

T. PRATENSE L. Red Clover. Fields and roadsides; common. May- Sept.

T. PROCUMBENS L. Low Hop Clover. Railway embankment and lumber yards; rare. June, July. Burlington, (Kirk, N. F. F.).

T. repens L. White Clover. Fields and roadsides; common. May, June.

VICIA (Tourn.) L. Vetch. Tare

V. ANGUSTIEOLIA Reich. One form occurs. Var. segetalis (Thuill.) Koch. Common Vetch. Roadsides, waste places, etc.; common. June-Aug. A white-flowered form occurs on rocky bluff and beach of Lake Champlain, Burlington, (N. F. F.).

V. Cracca L. Blue Vetch. Meadows and roadsides; frequent. June- Aug.

V. tetrasperma (L.) Moench. Slender Vetch. In cultivated field, Bur- lington, (Ross). June, July.

LINACEAE. FLAX FAMILY

LINUM (Tourn.) L. Flax

L. usitatissimum L. Common Flax. Occasionally adventive. . July- Sept.

56 FLORA OP BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

OXALIDACEAE. WOOD SORREL FAMILY

OXALIS L. Wood Sorrei.

0. Acetosella L. Common Wood Sorrel. Cool moist woods; occa- sional. June.

0. corniculata L. Lady's Sorrel. Fields and gardens; common. June- Sept.

0. stricta L. Yellow Wood Sorrel. Dry or sandy soil; occasional. June-Sept.

GERANIACEAE. GERANIUM FAMILY

ERODIUM L'Her. Storksbill

E. BoTRYs Bertol. On wool waste, bank of Winooski River, Burling- ton, (Brainerd). Sept., Oct.

E. cicuTARiuM (L.) L'Her. Storksbill. Old garden, Burlington, (Mrs.

Grout); Experiment Farm, Burlington, (Jones). July, Aug. E. MOSCHATUM (L.) L'Hcr. Musk Storksbill. On wool waste, bank of

Winooski River, Burlington, (Brainerd). Sept., Oct.

GERANIUM (Tourn.) L. Cranesbill

G. Bickiiellii Britton. Dry rocky places; frequent. May, June.

G. maculatum L. Wild Cranesbill. Open woods and fields; occasional. May, June.

G. Kobertiauum L. Herb Robert. Rocky woods and ravines; common. May-July.

RUTACEAE. RUE FAMILY

ZANTHOXYLUM L. Prickly Ash

Z. americanum Mill. Northern Pricklv Ash, Toothache Tree. Rocky j woods and river banks; occasional. Apr., May.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 57

POLYGALACEAE. MILKWORT FAMILY

POL YG ALA (Toiirn.) L. Milkwort

P. paucifolia Willd. Fringed Polygala, Flowering Wintergreen. Woods, in light soil; common. May. A white-flowered form occurs, Bur- lington, ( Bigelow ) .

P. polygama Walt. Racemed Milkwort. Dry sandy soil; occasional. June, July.

P. sauguluea L. Field or Purple Milkwort, Moist sandy soil; rare. July-Sept. Burlington, (N. F. F.).

P. Senega L. Seneca Snakeroot. Rocky soil; frequent. May, June.

P. yerticillata L., var. ambigua (Nutt.) Wood. Loose-spiked Milk- wort. Dry sandy soil; rare. Aug. Burlington, (Howe).

EUPHORBIACEAE. SPURGE FAMILY

ACALYPHA L. Three-seeded Mercury

A. yirgiiiica L. Moist hollows in fields; frequent. July-Sept.

EUPHORBIA L. Spurge

E. coROELATA L. Floweriug Spurge. Established in sandy field, Bur- lington, (N. F. F.). July, Aug.

E, Cyparissias L. Cypress Spurge, Graveyard Moss. A frequent es- cape from cultivation about old houses and by roadsides. May- Sept.

E. Helioscopia L. Wartweed. Gravelly shores and along Rutland R. R. ; frequent. Aug., Sept.

E. hirsnta (Torr.) Wiegand. Dry sandy soil; common. July-Sept.

E. macnlata L. Milk Purslane. Open places, roadsides, etc. ; fre- quent. July-Sept.

E. PLATYPHYEEA L. Shorc of Lake Champlain, Shelburne, (Pringle, N. F. F.). June- Aug.

CALLITRICHACEAE. WATER STARWORT FAMILY

CALLITRICHE L. Water Starwort C. palustris L. Quiet water; occasional. July, Aug.

58 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

LIMNANTHACEAE. FALSE MERMAID FAMILY

FLOERKEA Willd. Fai.sE Mermaid

F. proserpinacoides Willd. Bank of La Plot River, Shelburne, (Prln- gle). May.

ANACARDIACEAE. CASHEW FAMILY

RHUS L. Sumach

B» copalliiia L. Dwarf Sumach. Rocky hills; rare. July. Colches- ter, (Jones, GrifSn).

R. glabra L. Smooth Sumach. Sandy soil; rare. July. Colchester, (N. F. F., Mrs. Walker).

R. Toxicodendron L. Poison Ivy, Poison Oak. Banks and moist thick- ets; common. June. Var. radicans (L.) Torr. Common. June.

E. typhina L. Staghorn Sumach. Hillsides; common. June, July.

E. Ternix L. Poison Sumach, Elder or Dogwood. Swamps; rare. June. Colchester, (Grout, Jones).

AQUIFOLIACEAE. HOLLY FAMILY

ILEX L. Holly

I. yerticillata (L.) Gray. Winterberry, Black Alder. Wet thickets; common. June, July.

I. yerticillata (L.) Gray, var. padifolia (Willd.) T. & G. Colchester, (Griffin). June, July.

I. yerticillata (L.) Gray, var. tenuifolia (Torr.) Wats. Mouth of Wi- nooski River, (Eggleston). June, July.

NEMOPANTHUS Raf. Mountain Holly

N, mncronata (L.) Trel. Cool damp woods and swamps; frequent. May.

CELASTRACEAE. STAFF TREE FAMILY

CELASTRUS L. Staff Tree. Shrubby Bitter-sweet

C scaudens L. Waxwork, Climbing Bitter-sweet. Moist banks and thickets; common. June.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 59

STAPHYLEACEAE. BLADDER NUT FAMILY

STAPHYLEA L. Bladder Nut

S. trifolia L. American Bladder Nut. Moist woods and thickets; occa- sional. May, June.

ACERACEAE. MAPLE FAMILY

ACER (Tourn.) L. Mapi,e

A. Negundo L. Box Elder, Ash-leaved Maple. Frequent on banks of the Winooski River and common in cultivation about Burlington. Apr., May.

A. pennsylvanicum L. Striped Maple, Moosewood. Rich woods; com- mon. May.

A. rubrum L. Red or Swamp Maple. Moist woods and swamps; com- mon. Apr., May.

A. sacchariuum L. White or Silver Maple. River banks; frequent. Apr.

A. saccharum Marsh. Sugar or Rock Maple. Rich woods; common. Apr,, May.

A. saccharum Marsh., var. nigrum (Michx. f.) Britton. Black Sugar Maple. Occasionally planted as a shade tree in Burlington and vicinity, and search will probably reveal it in the moist woodlands bordering the Winooski River or Lake Champlain. May.

A. spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple. Cool ravines; common. May, June.

SAPINDACEAE. SOAPBERRY FAMILY

AESCULUS L. Horse-chestnut. Buckeye

A. HippocASTANUM L. Common Horse-chestnut. Commonly planted and occasionally spontaneous. May, June.

60 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

BALSAMINACEAE. TOUCH=ME=NOT FAMILY

IMPATIENS (Rivin.) L. Balsam. JewelweEd

I. biflora Walt. Spotted Touch-me-not. Moist shady places; common. June-Sept. A form with reddish flowers occurs, Colchester, (N. F. F.).

I. pallida Nutt. Pale Touch-me-not. Cool moist shady places ; occa- sional. July-Sept.

RHAMNACEAE. BUCKTHORN FAMILY

CEANOTHUS L. Red-root

C. aniericanus L. New Jersey Tea. Dry woodlands; common. July. C. OTatus Desf. Smaller Red-root. Sandy banks of Lake Champlain, Burlington, (Torrey). June.

I ; RHAMNUS (Tourn.) L. Buckthorn

R. aluifolia L'Her. Alder-leaved Buckthorn. Swamps; occasional.

June. R, CATHARTiCA L. Commou Buckthorn. Common in cultivation and

frequently naturalized in woods and fields. May, June.

VITACEAE. VINE FAMILY

PSEDERA Neck. Virginia Creeper. Woodbine

P. quinquefolia (L.) Greene, var. Lirsuta (Donn) Rehder. Disk Creeper. Clinging closely to limestone ledges, Burlington, (Jones). June.

P. yitaceae (Knerr) Greene. Tendril Creeper. Moist woods, alluvial thickets, etc.; common. June.

VITIS (Tourn.) L. Grape

V. bicolor Le Conte. Summer Grape. Deep gravelly soil and base of cliffs; occasional. June.

T, Tulpina L. River-bank or Frost Grape. River banks; common. June.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 61

TILIACEAE. LINDEN FAMILY

TILIA (Tourn.) L. Linden. Basswood T. aniericaiia L. Basswood. Woodlands; common. June, July.

MALVACEAE. MALLOW FAMILY

ABUTILON (Tourn.) Mill. Indian Mallow

A. Theophrasti Medic. Velvet Leaf. Occasional by waysides and as a garden weed. Aug.-Oct. Williston, (Bates) ; Burlington, (Jones, N. F. F.); Colchester, (Mrs. Walker).

HIBISCUS L. Rose Mallow

H. Trionum L. Flower-of-an-hour, Bladder Ketmia. Occasionally ad- ventive in gardens and waste places. July, Aug. Burlington, (Jones, N. F. F., Mrs. Walker).

MALVA (Tourn.) L. Mallow

M. Alcea L. European Mallow. A garden escape, Burlington, (N. F. F.). June-Sept.

M. MOSCHATA L. Musk Mallow. Roadsides and waste places; occa- sional. June, July.

M, ROTUNDiEOLiA L. Common Mallow, Cheeses. Waste places and cul- tivated grounds; common. May-Oct.

M. vERTiciLLATA L. Whorled Mallow. Occasional as a weed in gardens and waste places. Burlington, (Jones). July, Aug.

HYPERICACEAE. ST. JOHN'S=WORT FAMILY

HYPERICUM (Tourn.) L. St. John's- wort

H. Ascyron L. Great St. John's-wort. Bank of Winooski River near

High Bridge, (Perkins, Grout). July, Aug. H. cauadense L. Wet places; rare. July, Aug. Colchester, (Torrey,

N. F. F.). H. ellipticum Hook. Pale St. John's-wort. Wet places; frequent.

July, Aug.

62 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

H. mutilum L. Small-flowered St. John's-wort. Low grounds; com- mon. July-Sept.

H. PERFORATUM L. Common St. John's-wort. Fields and roadsides; common. June-Sept.

H. pnnctatum Lam. Spotted St. John's-wort. Damp places; frequent. July, Aug.

H. Tirginicnm L. Marsh St. John's-wort. Swamps; frequent. July, Aug.

CISTACEAE. ROCKROSE FAMILY

HELIANTHEMUM (Tourn.) Mill. RockrosE H. majns BSP. Frostweed. Sterile soil; frequent. June- Aug.

HUDSONIA L.

H. tomentosa Nutt. One form occurs. Var. intermedia Peck. Beach Heather. Sandy beaches of Lake Champlain; occasional. May, June.

LECHEA (Kalm) L. Pin weed

L. intermedia Leggett. Dry sterile soil; frequent. July, Aug.

VIOLACEAE. VIOLET FAMILY

VIOLA (Tourn.) L. ViolET. Heart's-EasE

V. affiuis Le Conte. Moist thickets and boggy meadows. May. Col- chester, (Brainerd).

V. arenaria DC. Sand Violet. Sand plains; common. May. y. blauda Willd. Sweet White Violet. Cool rich woods; common. May.

y, canadensis L. Canada Violet. Woods; common. May, June. Occa- sional blossoms occur all summer.

y. conspersa Reich. Dog Violet. Low shady grounds; common. Apr., May.

V. cucullata Ait. Marsh Blue Violet. Wet places; common. May, June.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 63

Y. fimbriatula Sm. Sandy fields and dry hillsides; common. Apr.,

May. A white-flowered form occurs, Colchester, (Jones, N. F. F.).

A form with the basal lobes coarsely toothed occurs, shore of

Burlington Bay (Brainerd). V. incognita Brain. Low moist woodlands; rare. May. Burlington,

(Grout). V. lanceolata L. Lance-leaved Violet. Moist meadow, Williston,

(Bates). May, June.

V. latiuscula Greene. Dry open woods, in light soil; occasional. May. Burlington and Colchester, (Brainerd); Williston, (Ross).

V. nephrophylla Greene. Cold mossy bogs and borders of streams. Apr., May. Colchester, (Brainerd); South Burlington, (Jones).

V. pallens (Banks) Brain. White Violet. Low wet grounds; common.

May. V. pubescens Ait. Downy Yellow Violet. Rich woods; common. Apr.,

May. V. renifolia Gray. White Violet. Wet mossy woods and swamps;

occasional. May. T. rostrata Pursh. Long-spurred Violet. Rich woods; frequent. Apr.,

May. V. rotuudifolia Michx. Round-leaved or Early Yellow Violet. Cool

moist woods; frequent. Apr., May. V. scabriuscula Schwein. Smooth Yellow Violet. Rich moist woods;

frequent. May.

T, sororia Willd. Woolly Blue Violet. Moist meadows, alluvial woods, etc.; frequent. May, June. A white-flowered form occurs, Wil- liston, (Ross).

Y. TRICOLOR L. Pansy, Heart's-ease. Persistent in old gardens. Apr.- Oct.

64 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

THYMELAEACEAE. MEZEREUM FAMILY

DAPHNE L. MEZEREUM

D, MEZEREUM L. Frequent in gardens and escaped to rocky woods, Burlington, (Jones). Apr.

DIRCA L. Leatherwood. Moosewood

D. palustris L. Wicopy. Moist open woods; frequent. Apr., May.

ELAEAGNACEAE. OLEASTER FAMILY

SHEPHERDIA Nutt.

S. canadensis (L.) Nutt. Canadian Buffalo-berry. Rocky bluffs; occa- sional. Apr., May.

LYTHRACEAE. LOOSESTRIFE FAMILY

DECODON Gmel. Swamp Loosestrife

D. Terticillatus (L.) Ell. Water Willow. Swampy grounds; occa-

sional. July, Aug.

LYTHRUM L. Loosestrife L. aeatum Pursh. Waste place, Burlington, (N. F. F.). June, July.

ONAGRACEAE. EVENING PRIMROSE FAMILY

CIRCAEA (Tourn.) L. Exchanter's Nightshade

C. alpina L. Smaller Enchanter's Nightshade. Deep woods; common. July, Aug.

C. intermedia Ehrh. Burlington, (Jones); Colchester, (Griffin). July, Aug.

r. lutetiana L. Enchanter's Nightshade. Woods; frequent July, Aug. EPILOBIUM (Dill.) L. Wileow-hERb

E. adenocaulon Haussk. Northern Willow-herb. Moist places; fre-

quent. July, Aug.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 65

E. augustifoliuiii L. Great Willow-herb, Fireweed. Common, especi- ally in newly cleared lands. July-Sept. A white-flowered form occurs, Colchester, (Perkins).

E. coloratnm Muhl. Purple-leaved Willow-herb. Wet places; common. July, Aug.

E. densuiii Raf. Open low grounds; occasional. July, Aug.

E. molle Torr. Bogs; rare. Aug., Sept. Colchester, (Torrey, N. F. F.).

LUDVIGIA L. False Loosestrii-e

L. palustris (L.) Ell. Water Purslane. Ditches and swamps; com- mon. June-Aug.

OENOTHERA L. Evening Primrose

0. biennis L. Common Evening Primrose. Dry soil; common. July- Sept.

0. cruciata Nutt. Small-flowered Evening Primrose. Sandy or grav- elly soil; rare. July-Sept. Burlington, (Ross); Colchester, (Ross, Griffin).

0. LACiNiATA Hill. Sinuate-leaved Evening Primrose. Adventive at Fort Ethan Allen, (Grout). Sept.

0, muricata L. Sandy soil, Burlington, (N. F. F.). July-Sept. Fur- ther search will probably show this to be frequent.

0. Oakesianus Robbins. Adventive by roadside, Burlington, (Hazen). July-Sept.

0. pnmila L. Small Sundrops. Fields; common. June-Aug. 0. SERRUEATA Nutt. Adveutive on railroad embankment, Burlington, (N. F. F.). July-Sept.

HALORAGIDACEAE. WATER MILFOIL FAMILY

MYRIOPHYLLUM (Vaill.) L. Water Milfoil

M. spicatum L. Shelburne Pond, (Jones) ; Malletts Bay, (Griflln, N. F. F.). Aug.

66 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

ARALIACEAE. GINSENG FAMILY

ARALIA (Tourn.) L.

A, hispida Vent. Bristly Sarsaparilla, Wild Elder. Rocky or sandy

woodlands; frequent. June, July. A. nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla. Moist woodlands; common. May,

June. A. racemosa L. Spikenard. Rich woodlands; frequent. July, Aug.

PANAX L. Ginseng

P. qniuqnefolium L. Ginseng. Rich and cool woods; rare. July.

Burlington, (Ross); Colchester, (Griffin). P. trifolium L. Dwarf Ginseng, Ground-nut. Moist woods; common.

May, June.

UMBELLIFERAE. PARSLEY FAMILY

ANGELICA L. Angei^ica

A, atropurpurea L. Masterwort. Swamps and moist grounds; fre- quent. June, July.

CARUM (Rupp.) L. Caraway

C, Carvi L. Caraway. About dwellings and by roadsides; frequent. May, June.

CICUTA L. Water Hemlock

C. bulbifera L. Water Hemlock. Swamps; occasional. July.

C. maculata L. Spotted Cowbane, Musquash Root. Low grounds; frequent. July.

CONIUM L. Poison Hemlock

C. MACULATUM L. Wastc placcs ; occasional. July. Burlington, (Grout); Colchester, (Jones).

CRYPTOTAENIA DC. Honewort C. canadensis (L.) DC. Moist woods; frequent. June.

FLORA OP BURLINGTON AND VICINITY Q"t

DAUCUS (Tourn.) L. Carrot

D. Carota L. Wild Carrot, Queen Anne's Lace. A common and per-

nicious weed in meadows, fields, etc. July-Oct. The pink-flowered form is occasional.

ERYNGIUM (Tourn.) L. Eryngo

E. virgatum Lam. Roadside escape from garden, Burlington, (Jones).

Aug.

HERACLEUM L. Cow Parsnip

H. lanatnm Michx. Masterwort. Wet grounds ; occasional, June, July.

HYDROCOTYLE (Tourn.) L, Water Pennywort

H. americana L. Wet places; common. June- Aug.

LEVISTICUM (Rivin.) Hill. Lovage

L. OFFICINALE (L.) Koch. Roadside escape from gardens; rare. June, July. Shelburne, (N. F. P.).

OSMORHIZA Raf. SwEET Ciceey

0. Claytoni (Michx.) Clarke. Woolly Sweet Cicely. Rich woods; fre- quent. May, June.

0. lougistylis (Torr.) DC. Smoother Sweet Cicely. Rich moist woods; occasional. May, June.

PASTINACA L. Parsnip

P. SATivA L. Wild or Poison Parsnip. Roadsides and waste places; common. June-Sept.

SANICULA (Tourn.) L. SaniclE. Black Snakeroot

S. canadensis L. Short-styled Snakeroot. Shaded ledges; frequent. July.

S. greg-aria Bick. Clustered Snakeroot. Moist rich soil; rare. July, Aug. South Burlington, (Orton) ; Colchester, (N. F. P.).

S. marilandica L. Black Snakeroot. Moist woods; common. June, July.

S. trifoliata Bick. Large-fruited Snakeroot. Shelburne, (Boott). Specimen in Gray Herb. July.

68 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

SIUM (Tourn.) L. Water Parsnip

S. cicntaefolium Schrank, Wet places; frequent. Aug., Sept.

TAENIDIA Drude.

T. integerrima (L.) Drude. Yellow Pimpernel. Rocky places; occa- sional. June, July.

ZIZIA Koch.

Z. aurea (L.) Koch. Golden Alexanders, Early or Golden Meadow Parsnip. Moist meadows; common. May, June.

CORNACEAE. DOGWOOD FAMILY

CORNUS (Tourn.) L. Cornel. Dogwood

C. alteruifolia L. f. Alternate-leaved Dogwood. Open woods; frequent. May, June,

C. Amomum Mill. Silky Cornel or Dogwood, Kinnikinnik. Low woods and banks; frequent. June, July.

C. canadensis L. Dwarf Cornel, Bunchberry, Cold damp woods; fre- quent. May, June.

C, circinata L'Her. Round-leaved Cornel or Dogwood. Rocky wood- lands; frequent. May, June.

C. panicnlata L'Her. Panicled Dogwood. Rich thickets and banks; frequent. June, July.

C. stolouifera Michx. Red-osier Dogwood. Wet places; common. May, June. Occasional blossoms occur all summer.

NYSSA L. TuPEEO. PeppEridge. Sour Gum

y. sylvatica Marsh. Black Gum. Rich soil, generally swampy; rare. May. Burlington, (N. F. F., Jones); Colchester, (Griffin).

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 69

ERICACEAE. HEATH FAMILY

ANDROMEDA L. A. glaucophjila Link. Bog Rosemary. Bogs; frequent. May, June. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS Adans. Bkarberrv

A. Uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Red Bearberry. Rocky bluffs and sand plains; rare. May. Burlington, (Perkins); South Burlington,

(N. F. F.).

CHAMAEDAPHNE Moench. Leather Leaf. Cassandra

C. calyculata (L.) Moench. Bogs; frequent. May.

CHIMAPHILA Pursh. Pipsissewa

0. umbellata (L.) Nutt. Prince's Pine, Pipsissewa. Dry woods; fre- quent. July.

CHIOGENES Salisb. Creeping Snowberry

C. hispidula (L.) T. & G. Moxie Plum, Capillaire. Peat bogs and mossy woods; rare. May. South Burlington; Colchester, (Grif- fin).

EPIGAEA L. Ground Lauree. Trailing Arbutus E. repeiis L. Mayflower. Sandy woodlands; common. Apr., May. GAULTHERIA (Kalm) L. Aromatic Wintergreen

(m. procumbeus L. Teaberry, Checkerberry. Cool woods; common. July, Aug.

GAYLUSSACIA HBK. Huckleberry

G. baccata (Wang.) Koch. Black Huckleberry. Sterile fields and thickets; common. May, June.

KALM I A L. Laurel

K. aug-ustifolia L. Sheep Laurel, Lambkill, Wicky. Sterile fields and

peat bogs; common. June, July, K. polifolia Wang. Pale Laurel. Cold peat bogs; frequent. May,

June.

LEDUM (Rupp.) L. Labrador Tea L. groeulaudicuiu Oeder. Cold bogs; frequent. June.

70 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

MONESES Salisb. One-flowerEd Pyrola

M. uniflora (L.) Gray. Deep cold woods; rare. June. Burlington,

(Torrey, N. F. F.).

MONOTROPA L. Indian Pipe. Pinesap

M, Hypopitys L. Pinesap, False Beech Drops. Rich dry woods; occa- sional. July- Sept.

M. uniflora L. Indian Pipe, Corpse Plant. Dark rich woods; common. June-Aug.

PTEROSPORA Nutt. Pine Drops

P. andromedea Nutt. Pine woods; rare. July, Aug. Williston, (Prin-

gle) ; Colchester, (Bates, Ross).

PYROLA (Tourn.) L. WintergrEEn. Shin Leaf

P. americaua Sweet. Round-leaved Wintergreen. Open or sandy woods; occasional. July.

P. asarifolia Michx., var. inearnata (Fisch.) Fern. Bog Wintergreen. Sphagnum bogs; rare. July. South Burlington, (N. F. F.).

P. eliloraiitha Sw. Greenish-flowered Wintergreen. Open woods; fre- quent. July.

P. elliptica Nutt. Shin Leaf. Rich woods; common. July.

P. secuiida L. One-sided Wintergreen. Rich woods; frequent. July.

RHODODENDRON L.

R. caiiadense (L.) BSP. Rhodora. Swamps; occasional. May, June. II. cauescens (Michx.) Don. Swamp or June Pink, Pink Azalea. One

bush seen, but unfortunately no specimen taken. May, June.

Burlington, (N. F. F.).

VACCINIUM L. Blueberry. Cranberry

V. atrococcum (Gray) Heller. Black High Blueberry. Swamp, South Burlington, (Jones). May.

V. canadense Kalm. Sour-top or Velvet-leaf Blueberry. Cool moist woods; rare. May. Essex, (Jones).

Y. corymbosum L. High or Swamp Blueberry. Swamps and low thick- ets; common. May, June.

I

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 71

V. macrocarpoii Ait. Large or American Cranberry. Peat bogs; occa- sional. July, Aug.

V. Oxycoccos L, Small Cranberry. Cold peat bogs; frequent. June, July, Var. intermedium Gray. (Var. ovalifolium Michx.) Col- chester, (Oakes) ; South Burlington, (Jones).

V. pennsylyanicum Lam. Low Sweet or Early Sweet Blueberry. Dry hills, barrens, etc.; common. May.

V. yacillans Kalm. Late Low Blueberry. Dry woodlands; common. May, June.

PRIMULACEAE. PRIMROSE FAMILY

ANAGALLIS (Tourn.) L. Pimpernel

A. ARVENSis L. Common Pimpernel, Poor Man's Weatherglass. Ad- ventive in garden, Burlington, (N. F. F.). June-Oct.

LYSIMACHIA (Tourn.) L. Loosestrife

L, NuMMUEARiA L. Moueywort, Yellow Myrtle. A frequent escape to damp grounds where it is thoroughly established. June, July.

X L. prodiicta (Gray) Fern. Mouth of Winooski River, Burlington, (Eggleston and Jones). July, Aug.

L. quadrifolia L. Whorled Loosestrife. Dry thickets; common. June, July.

L. terrestris (L.) BSP. Bulb-bearing Loosestrife. Low grounds; common. July, Aug.

L. thyrsiflora L. Tufted Loosestrife. Bogs and swamps; frequent. June.

PRIMULA L. Primrose

P. officinalis Jacq. English Cowslip. Roadside escape from garden, Burlington, (Jones). May.

STEIRONEMA Raf.

S. ciliatum (L.) Raf. Fringed Loosestrife. Moist thickets; common. July, Aug.

S. laiiceolatum (Walt.) Gray. Lance-leaved Loosestrife. Low ground along Lake Champlain; rare. July, Aug. Colchester, (Grout and Tracy) .

72 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

TRIENTALIS (Rupp.) L. Chickweed Wintergreen

T. americaua (Pers.) Pursh. (T. borealis Raf.) Star Flower. Moist woods and thickets; common. May.

OLEACEAE. OLIVE FAMILY

FRAXINUS (Toiirn.) L. Ash

F. americaua L. White Ash. Rich woods; common. May.

F, uigra Marsh. Black Ash. Swamps and woods; frequent. May.

F. peuusylvauica Marsh. Red Ash. Low grounds; common. May.

F, pennsylyaiiica Marsh., var. laiiceolata (Borkh.) Sarg. Green Ash.

Shore of Lake Champlain, Burlington, (Jones). May.

SYRINGA L. Lilac

S. VULGARIS L. Common Lilac. Persistent about old building sites. May, June.

GENTIANACEAE. GENTIAN FAMILY

BARTONIA Muhl.

B. virginica (L.) BSP. Yellow Bartonia. Boggy places; rare. July, Aug. South Burlington, (Jones, Ross); Colchester, (N. F. F.).

GENTIANA (Tourn.) L. Gentian

G. Andrewsii Griseb. Closed Gentian. Moist grounds; frequent. Aug.,

Sept.

G» (luiiiquefolia L. Stiff Gentian, Ague-weed. Shore of Lake Cham- plain, South Burlington, (Torrey, Ross). Sept., Oct.

MENYANTHES (Tourn.) L. Buckbean

M. trifoliata L. Bogs and shallow water; occasional. June.

APOCYNACEAE. DOGBANE FAMILY

APOCYNUM (Tourn.) L. Dogbane. Indian Hemp

A. audrosaemifoliiim L. Spreading Dogbane. Thickets and fields; common. July-Sept.

A. caiiiia1)inum L. Indian Hemp. Moist banks; frequent. July, Aug.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 73

VINCA L. Periwinkle

V. MINOR L. Common Periwinkle, Blue Myrtle. Frequent in old gar- dens and established in rich woods near dwelling, Shelburne, (N. F. F.). Apr., May.

ASCLEPIADACEAE. MILKWEED FAMILY

ASCLEPIAS (Tourn.) L. Miekweed. Silk weed

A. amplexicaulis Sm. Blunt-leaved Milkweed. Sandy soil; frequent.

July. A. iiicariiata L. Swamp Milkweed. Marshes; common. July, Aug.

A. pliytolaccoides Pursh. Poke Milkweed. Moist copses; rare. July, Aug. Burlington, (Torrey, N. F. F.) ; Colchester, (N. F. F.).

A. qiiadrifolia Jacq. Four-leaved Milkweed. Rocky woods; occasional. June, July.

A. syriaca L. Common Milkweed or Silkweed. Rich grounds; com- mon. July.

CONVOLVULACEAE. CONVOLVULUS FAMILY

CONVOLVULUS (Tourn.) L. Bindweed

C. ARVENSis L. Field Bindweed. Railroad yard, Burlington, (Jones).

July. C. jAPONicus Thunb. California Rose. Occasional in old gardens and

an escape by roadside, Essex, (Jones). July. C. sepium L. Wild Morning Glory, Hedge Bindweed. Moist thickets,

sandy fields, etc.; common. July, Aug. C. spithamaeus L. Upright Bindweed. Dry sandy plains; common.

June- Aug.

CUSCUTA (Tourn.) L. Dodder. Love Vine C. Grouovii Willd. Moist thickets; frequent. July, Aug. IPOMOEA L. Morning Glorv

I. cocciNEA L. Small Red Morning Glory. Adventive in garden, Bur- lington, (Mrs. Zottman). June-Aug.

I. PURPUREA (L.) Roth. Common Morning Glory. Frequently spon- taneous in gardens and waste places. June-Sept.

74 FLORA OP BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

POLEMONIACEAE. POLEMONIUM FAMILY

GILIA R. & P.

G. LINEARIS (Nutt.) Gray. First seen in 1902, now well established in one station, Burlington, (N. F. F.). June, July.

PHLOX L.

P, PANicuLATA L, Garden Phlox. Occasionally persistent about old dwellings. Aug., Sept.

P. SUBUI.ATA L. Ground or Moss Pink. Rocky hill, Colchester, (Grif- fin). May, June.

HYDROPHYLLACEAE. WATERLEAF FAMILY

HYDROPHYLLUM (Tourn.) L. WaterlEaf H* Tirgiuianum L. Rich woods; common. June.

BORAGINACEAE. BORAGE FAMILY

CYNOGLOSSUM (Tourn.) L. Hound's Tongue

C. boreale Fern. Wild Comfrey. Rich woods; rare. June. Bur- lington, (Torrey, Ross).

C. OFEiciNALE L. Common Hound's Tongue. Pastures; frequent. June, July.

ECHIUM (Tourn.) L. Viper's Bugeoss

E. vuEGARE L. Blue-weed, Blue Devil. Becoming frequent along rail- roads and occasional as a weed elsewhere. June-Oct.

LAPPULA (Rivin.) Moench. Stickseed

L. ECHiNATA Gilib. European Stickseed, Burseed. Waste and culti- vated grounds; occasional. Aug.

L. Tirginiaua (L.) Greene. Beggar's Lice. Borders of woods; occa- sional. Aug.

LITHOSPERMUM (Tourn.) L. GromwEEE. Puccoon

L. latifolium Michx. Open ground and borders of woods; rare. June, July. Colchester, (Griffin).

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 75

L. OFFICINALE L. Common Gromwell, Dry pastures; occasional. June- Aug.

MERTENSIA Roth. Lungwort

M. viRGiNiCA (L.) Link. Virginian Cowslip, Bluebells. A garden es- cape, Burlington, (Gifford). May. "Since this is a native from the Mississippi Valley reaching eastward to Ontario and New York, it may be expected to persist where established in the Champlain Valley."

MYOSOTIS (Rupp.) L. Scorpion-grass. Forget- ^ie-not

M. scoRPioiDES L. True Forget-me-not. Occasional on banks of Wi- nooski River. June, July.

SYMPHYTUM (Tourn.) L. ComfrEy

fS. OFFICINALE L. Common Comfrey. A garden escape in moist ground, Shelburne, (N. F. F.). June-Sept.

VERBENACEAE. VERVAIN FAMILY

VERBENA (Tourn.) L. Vervain

y. hastata L. Blue Vervain. Damp ground, roadsides, etc.; common. July-Sept.

Y. urticaefolia L. White Vervain. Roadsides; common. Aug., Sept.

LABIATAE. MINT FAMILY

AGASTACHE Clayt. Giant Hyssop

A. scrophulariaefolia (Willd.) Ktze. Thickets; rare. Aug., Sept. Essex, (N. F. F.).

AJUGA L. Bugle Weed

A, genevensis L. Adventive in lawn, Burlington, (Jones). June.

GALEOPSIS L. Hemp Nettle

G. Tetrahit L. Common Hemp Nettle. Waste places; frequent. July- Sept.

76 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

HEDEOMA Pers. Mock Pennyroyal

H. HispiDA Pursh. Adventive in garden, Burlington, (Hollister); Col- chester, (GrifRn). June, July.

H, puleg-ioides (L.) Pers. American Pennyroyal. Dry fields; fre- quent. July, Aug.

LAMIUM (Tourn.) L. Dead Nettle

L. AMPLExicAULE L. Henbit. Cultivated ground; rare. June-Aug. South Burlington, (N. F. F.).

L, MACULATUM L. Spotted Dead Nettle, Flowering Sage. Roadside escape from garden, Essex, (N. F. F.). May-Oct.

LEONURUS L. Motherwort

L. Cardiaca L. Common Motherwort. Waste places; common. July, Aug.

LYCOPUS (Tourn.) L. W.^ter HorEhound

L. amerieanus Muhl. Cut-leaved Bugle Weed. Moist soil; common. Aug., Sept.

L. uuiflorus Michx. Bugle Weed. Moist places; common. Aug., Sept. MENTHA (Tourn.) L. Mint

M. aryeiisis L., var. caiiadeusis (L.) Briq. Wild Mint. Wet places;

common. July, Aug. M. GENTiLis L. Spotted or Whorled Mint. Occasional in waste places

and about old dwellings. July-Sept. M, PIPERITA L. Peppermint. Along brooks; rare. Aug., Sept. Essex

and Shelburne, (N. F. F.) ; South Burlington, (Mrs. Walker). M. SPiCATA L. Spearmint. Wet ground, Burlington, (N. F. F.). Aug.,

Sept.

MONARDA L. Horse Mint

M. mollis L. Wild Bergamot. Dry grounds; rare. July, Aug. Bur- lington, (Jones); Shelburne, (Mrs. Gebhardt).

M. PUNCTATA L. Horse Mint. Sandy ground; rare. July-Sept. Col- chester and Burlington, (N. F. F.) ; Essex, (Jones and Howe).

NEPETA (Rivin.) L. Cat Mint

N. Cataria L. Catnip. Dry pastures; common. July-Sept.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 77

]V. HEDERACEA (L.) Trev. Ground Ivy, Gill-over-the-ground. Moist shady places; frequent. Apr., May.

PHYSOSTEGIA Benth. False Dracon Head

r. \irgiiiiana (L.) Benth. Lion's Heart. Wet ground; rare. July, Aug. Colchester, (Griffin).

PRUNELLA L. Sele-heal

P. vulg'aris L. Heal-all, Carpenter-weed. Woods and fields; common. June-Sept. A white-flowered form is occasional.

PYCNANTHEMUM Michx. Mountain Mint. Basil

P. flexuosuiii (Walt.) BSP. Narrow-leaved Mountain Mint. Dry

ground; rare. Aug. Williston, (N. F. F.); Colchester, (Ross). P. Yerticillatum (Michx.) Pers. Colchester, (Grout). Aug.

P. yirg-iiiiainim (L.) Durand & Jackson. Dry woods, South Burling- ton, (N. F. F.). Aug.

SATUREJA (Tourn.) L. Savory. Calamint

S. Acinos (L.) Scheele. Basil Thyme. Rocky headland of Lake Cham- plain, Burlington, (N. F. F.). June, July.

S. hortensis L. Summer Savory. A garden escape, Burlington, (Mrs. Walker). Aug., Sept.

S. vulgaris (L.) Fritsch. Basil. Rocky woods and thickets; frequent. ■ July-Sept.

SCUTELLARIA (Rivin.) L. Skullcap

S. galericulata L. Marsh Skullcap. Wet shady places; frequent. July, Aug.

S. lateriflora L. Mad-dog Skullcap. Wet shady places; common. July- Sept.

S. parvula Michx. Small Skullcap. Rocky headlands of Lake Cham- plain; rare. June. Burlington and South Burlington, (Jones).

STACHYS (Tourn.) L. Hedge Nettle

S. teimifolia Willd., var. aspera (Michx.) Fern. Rough Hedge Nettle, Woundwort. Moist grounds; occasional. July, Aug.

78 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

TEUCRIUM (Tourn.) L. Germander

T. canadense L. American Germander, Wood Sage. Shores of Lake Champlain; frequent. Aug.

TRICHOSTEMA L. Blue Curls

T. dichotoiimm L, Bastard Pennyroyal. Sandy fields; local. Aug., Sept. Burlington, (N. F. F.) ; Colchester, (N. F. F., Griffin).

SOLANACEAE. NIGHTSHADE FAMILY

DATURA L. Jamestown or Jim son Weed. Thorn Apple

D, Stramonium L. Stramonium. Waste places; occasional. July- Sept.

D. Tatula L. Purple Thorn Apple. Occasionally adventive. July- Sepf.

LYCIUM L. Matrimony Vine

L. HALiMiPOLiuM Mill. Commou Matrimony Vine. An escape near waste ground, Burlington, (N. P. F,). May-Sept.

NICANDRA Adans. Apple of Peru

N. PHYSALODEs (L.) Pers. Waste grounds; rare. July, Aug. Burling- ton, (Ross, N. F. F.).

PHYSALIS L. Ground Cherry

r, HETEROPHYLLA Necs. One form occurs. Var. ambigua (Gray) Rydb. Clammy Ground Cherry. Local. July-Sept. Burlington, (N. F. F., Jones).

P. ixocARPA Brot. Tomatillo. Adventive by roadside, Colchester, (Mrs. Walker). Aug., Sept.

P. peruviana L. Husk Tomato. Adventive on bank of Winooski River, Burlington, (Jones). Aug.

P. PRUINOSA L. Strawberry Tomato. Adventive by roadside, Colches- ter, (Mrs. Walker). Aug., Sept.

SOLANUM (Tourn.) L. Nightshade

S. Dulcamara L. Bittersweet, Climbing Nightshade. Moist thickets; frequent. June-Aug.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 79

S. nigrum L. Common Nightshade. Moist shaded grounds; frequent. July-Sept.

S. ROSTRATUM Dunal. Adventive in garden, Burlington, (Helyer). Aug.

SCROPHULARIACEAE. FIGWORT FAMILY

CHELONE (Tourn.) L. TuktlEhead. SxakEhead

C. glabra L. Balmony. Wet places; frequent. Aug., Sept.

GERARDIA (Plum.) L. Gekaruia

G. panpercnla (Gray) Britton, Small-flowered Gerardia. Sandy shore of Lake Champlain, Colchester, (N. F. F., Griffin). Aug., Sept.

0. teimifolia Vahl. Slender Gerardia. Moist ground; local. Aug.,

Sept. Colchester, (Perkins, N. F. F., Ross).

GRATIOLA (Rupp.) L. Hedge Hyssop

Cr. aurea Muhl. Golden Hedge Hyssop. Wet sandy shore of Lake Champlain, Colchester, (Perkins, N. F. F., Griffin). July, Aug.

(i. Yirginiaiia L. Clammy Hedge Hyssop. Wet shores and ditches; occasional. June-Sept.

ILYSANTHES Raf. Faese Pimpernee

1. dul)ia (L.) Barnh. Short-stalked False Pimpernel. Wet shores;

frequent. Aug., Sept.

LINARIA (Tourn.) Hill. Toadfeax

L. vulgaris Hill. Ramsted, Butter-and-Eggs. Fields and roadsides; common. July-Oct.

MELAMPYRUM (Tourn.) L. Cow Wheat

M. lineare Lam. Dry woodlands; frequent. July, Aug.

MIMULUS L. Monkey Flower

M, ringens L. Wet places; common. July, Aug.

pedicular: S (Tourn.) L. Lou SE wort

P. canadensis L. Common Lousewort, Wood Betony. Thickets; fre- quent. May, June.

80 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

PENTSTEMON (Mitch.) Ait. Beard-tongue

r. LAEviGATus Ait., var. Digitalis (Sweet) Gray. Moist or rich soil; rare. June, July. Colchester, (Griffin) ; South Burlington, (Mrs. Walker).

SCROPHULARIA (Tourn.) L. Figwort S. leporelLi Bick. Meadows and fence rows; occasional. June, July. S. marilaiidica L. Damp grounds; occasional. July, Aug.

VERBASCUM (Tourn.) L. Mullein

V. Blattaria L. Moth Mullein. Roadsides; rare. June, July. Bur- lington and Essex, (N. F. F.). V, Thapsus L. Common Mullein. Fields, etc.; common. July-Sept.

VERONICA (Tourn.) L. Speedwell

V. americaiia Schwein. American Brooklime. Wet grounds; frequent. June, July.

y. arvensis L. Corn Speedwell. Rocky woods; frequent. May, June.

V* officinalis L. Common Speedwell. Dry hills and open woods; occa- sional. May, June.

V. peregrina L. Neckweed, Purslane Speedwell. Gardens and waste places; occasional. May, June.

y. scutellata L. Marsh Speedwell. Swamps and wet places; com- mon. June-Aug.

y. serpyllifolia L. Thyme-leaved Speedwell. Damp grassy grounds; common. May- July.

LENTIBULARIACEAE. BLADDERWORT FAMILY

UTRICULARIA L. Bladderwort

U. intermedia Hayne. Edge of swamp, Colchester, (N. F. F.). June, July.

r. Tnlgaris L., var. americana Gray. Greater Bladderwort. Ponds and slow streams; frequent. July, Aug.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 81

OROBANCHACEAE. BROOM=RAPE FAMILY

EPIFAGUS Nutt. Beech-drops. Cancek-root

E. Yirgiiiiaiia (L.) Bart. Under beech trees; common. Sept.

OROBANCHE (Tourn.) L. Broom -r.\pe

0. iiuiflora L. One-flowered Cancer-root. Dry woodlands; rare. May- July. Burlington, (Jones, Mrs. Walker).

PHRYMACEAE. LOPSEED FAMILY

PHRYMA L. LopsEED P. Leptostachya L. Moist open woods; occasional. July, Aug.

PLANTAGINACEAE. PLANTAIN FAMILY

PLANT AGO (Tourn.) L. Plant.mn. Ribwort

r. ARiSTATA Michx. Large-bracted Plantain. Adventive at Experiment

Farm, Burlington, (Jones); dry sand, Colchester, (N. F. F.). July,

Aug. P. LANCEOLATA L. Rib or Ripple Grass, English Plantain. Grass land;

common. June-Aug. P. major L. Common Plantain. Waysides; common. July-Sept. P. Rugelii Dene. With the preceding species and even more common.

July-Sept.

RUBIACEAE. MADDER FAMILY

CEPHALANTHUS L. Buttonbush C. occideiitalis L. Swamps; frequent. July, Aug. GALIUM L. Bedstraw. Cleavers

G. Apariiie L. Cleavers, Goose Grass. Rich shaded grounds; occa- sional. May, June. Burlington and South Burlington, (N. F. F.) ; Colchester, ( Griffin ) .

Cf. asprellum Michx. Rough Bedstraw. Alluvial grounds; common. July.

82 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

G, BOREALE L. Northern Bedstraw. Edge of woods, Burlington, (N. F. F.). July,

G. circaezaus Michx. Wild Liquorice. Rich woods; common. July.

0. Claytoni Michx. Swamps and bogs; occasional. July-Sept. Bur- lington and Colchester, (N. F. F.).

0. lanceolatum Torr. Wild Liquorice. Dry woods; frequent. July.

G. MoEEUGO L. Wild Madder. Adventive in field, Shelburne, (N. F. F.). June, July.

0. palustre L. Marsh Bedstraw. Wet meadows and banks; common. June, July.

G. trifidum L. Small Bedstraw. Cold bogs and marshy borders of ponds; frequent. July, Aug.

G. triflorum Michx. Sweet-scented Bedstraw. Rich woodlands; com- mon. July, Aug.

HOUSTONIA L.

H. caerulea L. Bluets, Innocence. Moist grassy places; common. Apr., May. The white flowered form occurs and occasional blos- soms may be found all summer.

H. longif olia Gaertn. Rocky headlands of Lake Champlain ; rare. June.

MITCHELLA L. Partridge Berry

31. repeus L. Cool woods; common. June. A form occurs the leaves of which are variegated with white; Burlington, (N. F. F.).

CAPRIFOLIACEAE. HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY

DIERVILLA (Tourn.) Mill. Bush Honeysucki.e

D. Lonicera Mill. Rocky woodlands; common. June, July.

LINNAEA (Gronov.) L. Twin-flower

L. l)orealis L., var. americana (Forbes) Rehder. Moist mossy woods and cool bogs; rare. June, July. Shelburne, (Jones); South Bur- lington, (N. F. P.).

LONICERA L. Honeysuckle

L. canadensis Marsh. American Fly Honeysuckle. Moist woods; fre- quent. Apr., May.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 83

L, dioica L. Glaucous Honeysuckle. Dry rocky and sandy woods; frequent. May.

L. TATARiCA L. Tartarian Honeysuckle. Common in cultivation and a frequent escape in thickets about Burlington. May.

SAMBUCUS (Tourn.) L. Er.DER

S. canadensis L. Common Elder, Elderberry. Thickets; common.

July. S. racemosa L. Red-berried Elder. Rocky woodlands; common. May.

SYMPHORICARPOS (Dill.) Ludwig. SnowbErry

S. racemosus Michx. Snowberry. Cliffs and rocky headlands; fre- quent. June.

S. RACEMOSUS Michx., var. laevigatus Fern. Garden Snowberry. Com- mon in cultivation and occasionally persistent about old building sites. June, July. Shelburne, (N. F. F.).

TRIOSTEUM L. FevErwort. Horse Gentian

T. perfoliatum L. Tinker's Weed, Wild Coffee. Edge of swamp, Col- chester, (GrifRn). May, June.

VIBURNUM (Tourn.) L. Arrow- wood. Laurestinus

V. acerifolium L. Dockmackie, Maple-leaved Arrow-wood. Rocky or sandy woods; common. June.

Y. aluifolium Marsh. Hobble-bush, Witch Hobble, Moosewood. Cool moist woods; common. May.

V. cassiuoides L. Withe-rod, Wild Raisin. Swamps; frequent. June.

V. dentatiim L. Toothed Arrow-wood. Wet places; rare. June, July. Essex and Shelburne, (N. F. F.).

Y. Lentago L. Sheepberry, Nannyberry, Wild Raisin. Rich moist woods; occasional. May, June.

Y. Opuliis L., var. amerieamim (Mill.) Ait. Cranberry Tree, High-bush Cranberry, Pimbina. Low grounds; occasional. May, June.

Y. pubescens (Ait.) Pursh. Downy Arrow-wood. Cliffs and rocky hills; frequent, June.

84 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

VALERIANACEAE. VALERIAN FAMILY

VALERIANA (Toiirii.) L. Valerian

Y, OFFICINALIS L. Garden Heliotrope. An occasional roadside escape. June. Burlington and Shelburne, (N. F. F.).

GUCURBITACEAE. GOURD FAMILY

ECHINOCYSTIS T. & G. Wild Balsam-applE

E. lobata (Michx.) T. & G. Wild Cucumber. Alluvial banks and waste places; frequent. July-Sept.

SICYOS L. One-seeded Bur Cucumber

S. aiigiilatus L. Star Cucumber. River banks and waste places; fre- quent. July-Sept. I

CAMPANULACEAE. BLUEBELL FAMILY '

!

CAMPANULA (Tourn.) L. Bellflower ■

C. aparinoides Pursh. Marsh Bellflower. Low sedgy thickets; occa- | sional. July, Aug. j

C. rapunculoides L. European Bellflower. An occasional roadside \ escape. July, Aug. i

C. rotundifolia L. Harebell, Bluebell. Rocky banks; common. June-

Oct. i

C. Trachelium L. Nettle-leaved Bellflower, Throatwort. Adventive, \ Colchester, (Griffin). Aug. |

SPECULARIA (Heist.) Fabric. Venus's Looking-glass •;

S. perfoliata (L.) DC. Dry rocky woodlands; rare. June, July. j South Burlington, (N. F. F.). j

LOBELIACEAE. LOBELIA FAMILY

LOBELIA (Plum.) L. i

L. cardiiialis L. Cardinal Flower. Low grounds; occasional. Aug. 'j

L. iuflata L. Indian Tobacco. Fields and pastures; common. July- •:

Sept. '!

:i

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 85

L. Kalmii L. Cool moist rocks; occasional. July, Aug. L. spicata Lam. Moist sandy soil; occasional. July, Aug.

COMPOSITAE. COMPOSITE FAMILY

ACHILLEA (Vaill.) L. Yarrow

A, Millefolium L. Common Yarrow, Milfoil. Dry fields and roadsides; common, July-Oct. The pink-flowered form is occasional.

AMBROSIA (Tourn.) L. Ragweed

A. arteiiiisiifolia L. Roman Wormwood, Hog-weed, Bitter-weed. A common weed everywhere. Aug., Sept.

A. PsiLOSTACHYA DC. Adveutive in railroad yard, Burlington, (N. F. F.). Aug., Sept.

A., trifida L. Great Ragweed. Moist alluvial soil; local. Williston, (Bates); Burlington, (N. F. F.). Rare as a weed elsewhere. Aug. Var. iNTEGRiFOLiA (Muhl.) T. & G. Burlington, (N. F. F.)

ANAPHALIS DC. Everlasting

A. margaritaeea (L.) B. & H. Pearly Everlasting. Dry hills and woods; common. July-Sept.

ANTENNARIA Gaertn. Everlasting. Ladies' Tobacco. Pussy's Toes

A. cauadeusis Greene. Dry and moist ground; frequent. May, June.

A. fallax Greene. In partial shade; frequent. May.

A, iieg'lecta Greene. Old fields; frequent. May.

A. ueodioica Greene. Old pastures and fields; frequent. May, June.

A. Parlinii Fern. Dry banks and thickets; rare. May, June. Col- chester, (Griffin).

A. petaloidea Fern. Old pastures; rare. May. Shelburne, (Brain- erd) ; Burlington, (Hazen, N. F. F.).

A. plautag'iiiifolia (L.) Richards. Plantain-leaved Everlasting. Dry soil ; common. May, June.

ANTHEMIS (Mich.) L. Chamomile

A, Cotula L. Mayweed, Dog Fennel. Waste places and roadsides; common. June-Oct.

86 FLORA OF BURLINGTON -AND VICINITY

ARCTIUM L, Burdock

A. Lappa L, Great Burdock. Roadsides; local. July-Sept. Essex,

(Jones); Colchester, (N. F. F.). A« MINUS (Hill) Bernh. Common Burdock. Waste places; common.

July-Oct.

ARTEMISIA (Tourn.) L. Wormwood A. Absinthium L. Wormwood. Roadside, Colchester, (N. F. F.).

Aug., Sept. A. BIENNIS Willd. Abundant around railroad and lumber yards, Bur- lington. Aug., Sept. A. caudata Michx. Tall Wormwood. Abundant on sandy bluff of Lake Champlain, Burlington. Aug., Sept.

A, VULGARIS L. Common Mugwort. Waste places and roadsides; com- mon. July, Aug.

ASTER (Tourn.) L. Aster

A. acumiiiatus Michx. Cool rich woods; frequent. July, Aug.

A. cordifolius L. Heart-leaved Aster. Woodlands; common. Aug., Sept.

A. diraricatus L. White Wood Aster. Moist woodlands; frequent. Aug., Sept.

A. ericoides L. One form occurs. Var. Pringlei Gray. Pringle's Aster. Slaty headlands of Lake Champlain; rare. Aug. Shel- burne, (Pringle) ; Burlington.

A. lateriflorus (L.) Britton. Thickets and fields; occasional. Aug., Sept.

A. lateriflorus (L.) Britton, var. liirsuticaulis (Lindl.) Porter. Hairy- stemmed Aster. Borders of thickets; common. Aug., Sept.

A. linariifolms L. Stiff Aster. Dry sandy soil; common. Aug., Sept.

A. maerophyllus L. Large-leaved Aster. Moist woods; common. Aug., Sept. Presenting many different forms.

A, iioyae-angliae L. New England Aster. Moist grounds; rare. Sept. Burlington, (Jones, N. F. F.). Var. roseus (Desf.) DC. Bur- lington, (Miss Moore).

A. pauicnlatus Lam. Tall White or Panicled Aster. Moist soil; com- mon. Sept. Presenting many different forms.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 87

A. puniceus L. Purple-stemmed Aster. Low thickets and swamps; frequent. Sept.

A. Tradescanti L. Michaelmas Daisy. Low grounds; common. Sept.

A, umbellatus Mill. Flat-topped White Aster. Moist thickets; fre- quent. Aug., Sept.

A. uiidulatus L. Wavy-leaved Aster. Dry copses; common. Aug., Sept. Variable.

A, Timineus Lam. Small White Aster. Moist banks; occasional. Aug.

A, yimmeus Lam., var. saxatilis Fern. Ledges of Winooski River,

Williston, (Pringle); Burlington, (N. F. F.). Aug.

BIDENS L. Bur Marigold

B. Beckii Torr. Water Marigold. Ponds and deep slow streams; rare.

Aug. Shelburne, (Jones); Colchester, (N. F. F., Mrs. Walker).

B, cemua L. Stick-tight. Wet places; common. Aug., Sept.

B, conuata Muhl. Swamp Beggar-ticks. Swamps; occasional. Aug.,

Sept. S. frondosa L. Common Beggar-ticks. Damp grounds; common. Aug., Sept.

CARDUUS (Tourn.) L. PlumelESs ThisteE

C. CRispus L. Adventive, South Burlington, (Chittenden). Aug.

CENTAUREA L. Star Thistle

C. Cyanus L. Blue Bottle, Bachelor's Button, Corn Flower. Spon- taneous in gardens and occasionally adventive elsewhere. June- Sept.

CHRYSANTHEMUM (Tourn.) L. Ox-EyE Daisy

C. LeucanthEmum L., var. pinnatieidum Lecoq & Lamotte. Ox-eye or White Daisy, Marguerite, Whiteweed. A common and pernicious weed in fields and meadows. June-Oct.

CICHORIUM (Tourn.) L. Succory or Chicory

C. Intybus L. Common Chicory, Blue Sailors. Roadsides and fields; common in Burlington, less so elsewhere. July, Aug.

88 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

CIRSIUM (Tourn.) Hill. Common or Plumed Thistle

C. ARVENSE (L.) Scop. Canada Thistle. Fields and waste places; com- mon, June-Sept.

C. LANCEOLATUM (L.) Hill. Common or Bull Thistle. Pastures and

roadsides; common. July-Sept.

DYSSODIA Cav. Fetid Marigold

D. papposa (Vent.) Hitchc. Adventive on wool waste, bank of Wi-

nooski River, Burlington, (Brainerd). July-Oct.

ERECHTITES Raf. FirEweed

E. liieracifolia (L.) Raf. Moist woods, especially in recent clearings;

common. July-Sept.

ERIGERON L. FlEabane

E. aiiniius (L.) Pers. Daisy Fleabane, Sweet Scabious. Fields and waste places; common. June-Sept.

E. canadensis L. Horseweed, Butterweed. Waste places, etc.; com- mon. Julj^-Sept.

E. liyssopifolhis Michx. Wet calcareous rocks; occasional. June, July.

E. philadelpliicus L. Pink Fleabane. Moist grounds; common. May- July.

E. pulchellus Michx. Robin's Plantain. Copses and moist banks; frequent. May, June.

E. ramosus (Walt.) BSP. Daisy Fleabane. Fields; common. June- Sept.

EUPATORIUM (Tourn.) L. Thoroughwort

E. perfoliatum L. Thoroughwort, Boneset. Low grounds; common. Aug., Sept.

E. purpureum L., var. maculatnm (L.) Darl. Joe-Pye Weed, Trumpet Weed. Moist thickets and low grounds; common. July, Aug.

E. urticaefolhim Reich. White Snakeroot. Moist rich woods; occa- sional. Aug., Sept.

GALINSOGA R. & P.

G. parviflora Cav. One form occurs. Var. hispida DC. First col- lected in 1891, (Grout), now a common and pernicious garden weed. July-Oct.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 89

GNAPHALIUM L. CudweEd

G. (leeurreus Ives. Everlasting. Clearings, etc.; frequent. Aug., Sept. G. polyeeplialiim Michx. Common Everlasting. Old fields and woods;

common. Aug., Sept. a. iilig-iuosum L. Low Cudweed. Moist soil; common. July-Sept.

HELIANTHUS L. Sunflower

H, ANNuus L. Common Sunflower. Occasionally spontaneous in waste

places. Aug., Sept. H. decapetalus L. Thin-leaved Sunflower. Copses and low banks of

streams; occasional. Aug., Sept. H. divaricatus L. Rough or Woodland Sunflower. Thickets and sandy

woods; common. July-Sept. H. PETioLARis Nutt. Adventive in garden, Burlington, (Helyer). Aug.,

Sept.

H. strumosus L. Pale-leaved Wood Sunflower. Dry woods and banks; frequent. Aug., Sept.

H. TUBEROSus L. Jerusalem Artichoke. Along fences and roadsides; frequent. Sept., Oct.

HELIOPSIS Pers. Ox-EVE

H, SCABRA Dunal. Adventive in fields and by roadsides. Aug., Sept. Burlington, (Jones); Shelburne, (Mrs. Gebhardt).

HIERACIUM (Tourn.) L. Hawk weed

H. AURANTiACUM L. Orange Hawkweed, Devil's Paint-brush, Grim the Collier. Fields and pastures; a common and pernicious weed. June-Sept.

H- canadeuse Michx. Canada Hawkweed. Borders of woods; frequent. Aug., Sept.

H. FLORENTiNUM All. King Devil. One plant on railroad embankment, Burlington, (N. F. F.) ; Colchester, (Griffin). June.

11. paiiiciilatiim L. Panicled Hawkweed. Open woods; occasional. Aug.

H. PRAEAT.TUM Goch., var. dEcipiEns Koch. Interval land. South Bur- lington, (Mrs. Walker). June.

90 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

H, scabrum Michx. Rough Hawkweed. Dry plains and pine woods;

frequent. July, Aug. H, Teiiosum L. Rattlesnake-weed, Poor Robin's Plantain. Dry plains

and pine woods; frequent. June, July.

INULA L. Elecampane

L HeeEnium L. Elecampane. Roadsides and damp pastures; fre- quent. Aug.

•LACTUCA (Tourn.) L. Lettuce

L. canadensis L. Wild Lettuce, Horseweed. Rich damp soil, borders of fields and thickets; frequent. July, Aug. Var. Montana Brit- ton. South Burlington, (N. F. F.). July, Aug.

L, scariola L., var. integrata Gren. & Godr. Prickly Lettuce. Abun- dant along Rutland R. R. in some localities in Burlington and Col- chester, and occasional as a weed elsewhere. July-Sept.

L, spicata (Lam.) Hitchc. Tall Blue Lettuce. Low grounds; frequent. July, Aug.

MATRICARIA (Tourn.) L. Wild Chamomile

M, suaveolEns (Pursh) Buch. Pine-apple-weed. About waste ground and railroad yards, Burlington, (N. F. F.). June, July.

PRENANTHES (Vaill.) L. RattlESNake-root

P. alba L. White Lettuce, Rattlesnake-root. Borders of rich woods; common. Aug., Sept.

P. altissima L. Tall White Lettuce. Rich moist woods; frequent. Aug., Sept.

P. trifoliolata (Cass.) Fern. Gall-of-the-earth. Thickets and woods; rare. Aug., Sept. Burlington, (Grout) ; Essex, (N. F. F.) ; Col- chester, (Griffin).

RUDBECKIA L. ConE-flowER

R. HiRTA L. Yellow Daisy, Black-eyed Susan, Nigger-head. Meadows; common. June-Sept.

E. laciniata L. Tall Cone-flower, Thimble-weed. Low thickets; rare. Aug., Sept. High Bridge, (Jones); Burlington, (N. F. F.).

I

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 91

SENECIO (Tourn.) L. Groundsei.. Ragwort. Squaw-weed

S. aureus L. Golden Ragwort. Moist rocks, High Bridge, (Ross). June, July.

S. Balsamliae Muhl. Balsam Groundsel. Rocky banks of Winooski River ; frequent. May- July.

S. Balsamitae Muhl., var. praelongus Greenm. Rocky bank of Winooski River near Twin Bridges, (Jones); Essex, (Ross). June.

S. obovatns Muhl. Round-leaved Squaw-weed. Rocky bank of Wi- nooski River, Essex, (Ross). June.

S. EobWiisii Oakes. Robbin's Squaw-weed. Wet meadows and swamps; rare. June, July. South Burlington, (Ross); Shel- burne, (N. F. F.).

S. VULGARIS L. Common Groundsel. A weed in gardens and waste places; occasional. July-Sept.

SILPHIUM L. Rosin-weed

S. PERFOEiATuM L. Cup Plant. Adventive by roadside, Burlington, (Jones). Aug., Sept.

SOLIDAGO L. GoEDEN-ROD

S. arguta Ait. Cut-leaved Golden-rod. Burlington, (Grout). Aug. S. Wcolor L. White Golden-rod. Dry copses; common. Aug., Sept. S. caesia L. Blue-stemmed Golden-rod. Rich woodlands; common.

Aug., Sept. S. canadensis L. Canada Golden-rod. Borders of thickets and fields;

common. Aug., Sept. S. graminifolia (L.) Salisb. Bushy Golden-rod. Moist soil; common.

Aug., Sept. S. hispida Muhl. Hairy Golden-rod. Dry shady cliffs and sterile soil;

occasional. Aug., Sept. S. juncea Ait. Early Golden-rod. Copses and banks; common. July,

Aug. S. latifolia L. Zig-zag Golden-rod. Moist shaded banks; frequent.

Aug., Sept. S. nenioralis Ait. Gray or Field Golden-rod. Dry open soil; common.

Aug., Sept. A peculiar low form is occasional with the type.

92 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

S. pulberula Nutt. Downy Golden-rod. Sandy soil; common. Aug.,

Sept. S. racemosa Greene. Rocky banks of Winooski River; occasional.

Aug. Winooski Gorge is the station of Pursh's type. S. mgosa Mill. Tall Hairy Golden-rod. Borders of fields and copses;

common. Aug., Sept. S. serotina Ait. Late Golden-rod. Thickets, in rich soil; frequent.

Aug., Sept. S. squarrosa Muhl. Stout Ragged Golden-rod. Dry woods; frequent.

Aug., Sept. S. uliginosa Nutt. Bog Golden-rod. Peat bogs; rare. Sept. South

Burlington, (Jones).

SONCHUS (Tourn.) L. Sow Thistle

S. ARVENsrs L. Field Sow Thistle. Shores and waste places; occa- sional. July-Sept.

S. ASPER (L.) Hill. Spiny-leaved Sow Thistle. Waste places; occa- sional. July-Oct.

S. OLERACEus L. Common Sow Thistle. Waste places; frequent. July- Oct.

TANACETUM (Tourn.) L. Tansy

T. vuEGARE L. Common Tansy. Roadsides, etc.; frequent. Aug., Sept. Var. CRiSPUM DC. South Burlington, (Ross) ; Burlington, (N. F. F.).

TARAXACUM (Haller) Ludwig. Dandeuon

T, ERYTHROSPERMUM Audrz. Rcd-sccded Dandelion. Shallow soil about

ledges; frequent. Apr., May. T, oFFiciNAEE Weber. Common Dandelion. Common everywhere.

Apr.-Sept.

TRAGOPOGON (Tourn.) L. Goat's Beard T. PRATENSis L. Roadsides and meadows; occasional. June-Sept.

TUSSILAGO (Tourn.) L. Coetsfoot T, Farfara L. Moist clay banks; occasional. Apr., May.

FLORA OP BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 93

XANTHIUM (Tourn.) L. Cocki^i-bur. Clotbuk

X. caiiadeuse Mill, Lake shores and river banks; frequent. Aug.,

Sept. X. coiiimuue Britton. Shores of Lake Champlain; common. Aug.,

Sept. X, echiiiatum Murr. Lake shores and river banks; common. Aug.,

Sept.

94 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

SUPPLEMENTARY LIST

This is a list of plants which should be sought in the region covered by this Flora, and comprises those plants which are known to have occurred here, but of which no specimen was taken or preserved, those which occur near the limits of this region and may naturally be expected here, and those specimens of which are in the Torrey collec- tion, U. V. M. herbarium, but without locality.

Others have been taken from Perkins' Flora, Thompson's Ver- mont and an old list of Burlington plants published in the Bur- lington Free Press about 1845, in the hope that search may reveal some of them.

Csniiinda cinnamomea L., var. froudosa Gray. Swamps and low copses. May. Charlotte, (Pringle).

Isoetes sp. In water and wet places. Some of these ought to be found here.

Spargaiiium simplex Huds. In water. July. Charlotte, (Pringle).

Potamogeton alpinns Balbis. Ponds and streams. July, Aug. Hines- burgh Pond, (Jones).

Potamogeton obtusifolius Mertens & Koch. Ponds and streams. July, Aug. Ferrisburgh, (Grout and Eggleston).

Potamogeton angustifolius Berchtold & Presl. Lake Champlain, Mil- ton, (Grout).

Ammophila areuaria (L.) Link. Sandy beaches. Aug., Sept. Re- ported from Colchester Point, (Jones).

Descliampsia eaespitosa (L.) Beauv. Reported from rocky shore of Winooski River, south side, between Essex Junction and Bur- lington, (Jones). He says the species was undoubted, but no herbarium specimen can be found. June, July.

Holeiis lanatus L. Fields and meadows, June, July. Charlotte, (Prin- gle).

Milium effusum L. Cold damp woods. June. Torrey collection.

Mulileubergia sylvatica Torr. Moist rocky woods and wooded banks. Aug., Sept. Torrey collection. Ferrisburgh, (Pringle).

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 95

Carex aquatilis AVahl. Swamps and lake margins. June-Aug. Torrey collection.

Carex Bicknellii Britton. Dry rocky soil. June, July. Torrey col- lection.

Carex flaya L., var. rectirostris Gaudin. Wet margins of springs and low borders of ponds. July, Aug. Torrey collection.

Carex gyiiocrates Wormsk. Swamps and bogs. June-Aug. Burling- ton, (Torrey) ; Perkins' Flora.

Carex poljgama Schkuhr. Bogs and wet shores. May- July. Torrey collection.

Carex retrorsa Schwein., var. Hartii (Dewey) Gray. Wet places. July, Aug. Torrey collection.

Carex triceps Michx., var. liirsuta (Willd.) Bailey. Moist fields. June, July. Charlotte, (Pringle).

Carex tricliocarpa Muhl. Marshes. June, July. Burlington; Perkins' Flora.

Carex retroflexa Muhl. Dry open woods. May, June. Burlington, (Torrey) ; Perkins' Flora.

Carex yaginata Tausch. Bogs and mossy woods. June, July. Torrey collection.

Carex yirescens Muhl. Moist pastures. June, July. Charlotte, (Prin- gle).

Scirpus planifolius Muhl. Dry open fields. May, June. Charlotte, (Pringle).

Peltaudra yirgiuica (L.) Kunth. Bogs. July. Colchester, (Robbins) ; Thompson's Vermont.

Jnncus filiformis L. Wet shores and bogs. June, July. Shore of Lake Champlain, Ferrisburgh, (Robbins) ; Thompson's Vermont.

Zigadenns chlorauthus Richards. Calcareous soils. July. Ferris* burgh, (Brainerd).

Ilypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville. Meadows and open woods. June. July. Free Press.

Sisyrinchiuiii graiiiineuiii Curtis. Wet meadows and damp woods. May, June. Burlington, (Macrae) ; Thompson's Vermont.

Corallorrliiza odoiitorhiza Nutt. W^oods. Aug., Sept. Torrey collec- tion. Reported from Mud Pond, Williston, (Bryant).

96 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

Corallorrhiza striata Lindl. Woods. May, June. Torrey collection. Hal)eiiaria flava (L.) Gray. Wet places. June, July. Burlington,

(Macrae) ; Thompson's Vermont. Liparis liliifolia (L.) Richards. Woods. June, July. Found just

south of Fort Ethan Allen, but specimen lost.

Spiraiitlies lueida (Eaton) Ames. Moist banks. June, July. Torrey collection. Reported from near Winooski Gorge, (Ross).

Carya glabra (Mill.) Spach. Dry woodlands. May. Torrey collection. Ferrisburgh, (Brainerd).

Coryliis americaiia Walt. Reported from sand plains. South Burling- ton, (Howe).

Quereiis Primis L. Rocky banks and hillsides. May. Charlotte, (Pringle).

Ulimis raeeinosa Thomas. Rocky woodlands. May. Occurs as a street tree in Burlington.

Polygromim amphibium L. Margins of ponds and slow streams. Aug., Sept. Richmond, (Pringle).

Polygonum Douglasii Greene. Rocky or sterile soil. Aug., Sept. Char- lotte, (Pringle).

Polygonum liydroplperoldes Michx. Wet places and in shallow water. Aug., Sept. Charlotte, (Pringle).

Polygonum tenue Michx. Dry soil. Aug., Sept. Torrey collection. This occurs at Keeseville on opposite side of Lake Champlain.

Amaranthus paniculatus L. Weed in garden, Shelburne, (Pringle) ;

Flora of Vermont. Coratopliyllum demersum L. Slow streams and ponds. June, July.

Reported from Ferrisburgh. Mouth of Winooski River, (Robbins) ;

Thompson's Vermont. Anemonella thalictroides (L.) Spach. Woods. May. Reported from

Burlington, (Benedict),

Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. Rich woods. July. Torrey collec- tion.

Ranunculus faseicularis Muhl. Dry or moist hills. Apr., May. Re- ported from Burlington, (Benedict, Bigelow).

Menispermum canadense L. Banks of streams. June, July. Char- lotte, (Pringle). Reported from Ethan Allen Park, Burlington, (Ross). Burlington, (Carey); Thompson's Vermont.

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 97

Arabis canadensis L. Rocky woods and ravines. June-Ang. Torrey collection. Winooski River, Colchester, (Torrey) ; Perkins' Flora.

Arabis lyrata L. Rocks or sandy shores. May-July. Torrey collec- tion.

Cardaniine bulbosa (Schreb.) BSP. Wet meadows. May. Torrey col- lection.

Kadicula XastTirtiiim-aquaticiim (L.) Britten & Rendle. Brooks, ditches, etc. Jiine-Aug. Charlotte, (Pringle).

Crataegus auomala Sarg. Fl. May; fr. Oct. Crataegus Braiuerdi Sarg., var. asperifolia (Sarg.) Eggl. Crataegus Braiuerdi Sarg., var. Egglestoni (Sarg.) Robins. Crataegus Braiuerdi Sarg., var. seabrida (Sarg.) Eggl. Crataegus champlaiueusis Sarg. Fl. May; fr. Sept., Oct. Crataegus Holmesiaua Ashe. Fl. May; fr. Aug., Sept. Crataegus macracautha Lodd, var. ueofluvialis (Ashe) Eggl. Fl. May; fr. Sept.

Crataegus macracautha Lodd, var. succulenta (Schrad.) Eggl. Fl. May;

fr. Sept. Crataegus macrosperma Ashe, var. demissa (Sarg.) Eggl. Fl. May;

fr. Sept. Crataegus macrosperma Ashe, var. pastorum (Sarg.) Eggl. Fl. May;

fr. Sept. Crataegus macrosperma Ashe, var. peutandra (Sarg.) Eggl. Fl. May;

fr. Sept.

Crataegus polita Sarg. Fl. May; fr. Sept.

Crataegus Priuglei Sarg. Fl. May; fr. Sept. Charlotte, (Pringle).

Crataegus Priuglei Sarg., var. exclusa (Sarg.) Eggl. Fl. May; fr. Sept.

Crataegus Priuglei Sarg., var. lolnilata (Sarg.) Eggl. Fl. May; fr. Sept.

Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl.) Koch forma dissoua (Sarg.) Eggl. Fl. May; fr. Oct.

Crataegus punctata Jacq., var. canescens Britton. Fl. May; fr. Oct.

Crataegus punctata Jacq., var. rubra Ait. Fl. May, June; fr. Oct.

Crataegus roaneusis Ashe. Fl. May; fr. Sept.

98 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

Crataegus rotuiidifolia Moench, var. Faxoni (Sarg.) Eggl. Fl. May;

fr. Aug., Sept. Desmodium panieulatum (L.) DC. Copses. July. Charlotte, (Prin-

gle). Lespedeza frnteseeiis (L.) Britton. Open rocky woods. Aug., Sept.

Mt. Phllo, Charlotte, (Pringle).

Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem. Dry hills and plains. Aug., Sept. Colchester, (Robbins) ; Thompson's Vermont.

Oxalis yiolacea L. Rocky places and open woods. May. Free Press. Euphorbia Peplus L. Waste places and cultivated grounds. Aug. Charlotte, (Pringle).

Euphorbia Preslii Guss. Dry open soil. July, Aug. Burlington, (Tuckerman); Thompson's Vermont.

Rhus canadensis Marsh. Dry rocky banks. May. Charlotte, (Prin- gle).

Hypericum ma jus (Gray) Britton, Wet or dry open soil. July, Aug.

Charlotte, (Pringle). Conioseliuum chiueuse (L.) BSP. Swamps and cold cliffs. Aug.,

Sept. Burlington, (Macrae) ; Thompson's Vermont.

Comus florida L. Dry woods. May. Free Press.

Lyonia ligustrina (L.) DC. Moist thickets. June, July. Torrey col- lection.

Pyrola secunda L., var. ohtusata Turcz. Reported from South Burling- ton, (Ross).

Rhododendron canescens (Michx.) G. Don. Woods and gravelly shores. May, June. Reported from Burlington, (N. F. F.).

Rhododendron viscosum (L.) Torr. Swamps. June, July. Free Press. Vaccinium corymhosum L., var. amoenum (Ait.) Gray. Swamps and low thickets. May, June. Charloite, (Pringle).

Glentiana criuita Froel. Low grounds. Sept. Torrey collection.

Geutiana linearis Froel. Bogs and wet rocks. Aug. Torrey collec- tion. Hinesburgh, (Horsford).

Halenia deflexa (Sm.) Griseb. Damp and cool woods. Aug., Sept. Charlotte, (Horsford and Pringle).

Asclepias incarnata L., var. pulchra (Ehrh.) Pers. Swamps. July, Aug. Torrey collection.

1

I

FLORA OP BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 99

Litbospermum aryeiise L. Sandy fields and roadsides. May-Aug. Char- lotte, (Pringle).

liTCopsis arvensis L. Dry or sandy fields and waste places. July. Torrey collection.

Pycuaiithemum muticnin (Michx.) Pers. Reported from bank of Wi- nooski River, Colchester, (Grout).

Gerardia flava L. Open woods. July, Aug. Torrey collection.

Gerardia pediciilaria L. Dry copses. July, Aug. Torrey collection.

Pentstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd. Dry or rocky grounds. June, July. Charlotte, (Pringle). Torrey collection.

Veronica Anagallis-aqiiatica L. Brooks and ditches. June-Aug. Re- ported from Williston, (Bryant).

Veronica yirgiuica L. Rich soil. July, Aug. Colchester, (Oakes) ; Thompson's Vermont.

Conopliolis americana (L. f.) Wallr. Rock Pt„ Burlington, (Macrae) ; Thompson's Vermont.

Dianthera americana L. In water. July, Aug. Ferrisburgh, (Pad- dock).

Littorella uniflora (L.) Asch. In water or on gravelly shores. Aug., Sept. "Ought to be found here on lake shore." Pringle.

Dipsaciis sylvestris Huds. Roadsides. July, Aug. Charlotte, (Prin- gle).

Lobelia Dortmanua L. Borders of ponds. Aug. Torrey collection. Shelburne Pond, (Perkins) ; Perkins' Flora.

Aster jiinceus Ait. Swamps and bogs. Aug. Ought to be found here.

Aster noyi-belgii L. Low grounds. Aug., Sept. Torrey collection.

Bidens Tulgata Greene. Has been confused with B. frondosa and

should be sought in moist places and by roadsides, Aug., Sept.

Cirsium discolor (Muhl.) Spreng. Rich soil. Aug., Sept. Ferris- burgh, (Brainerd).

Hieracium Gronovii L. Sandy soil. Aug., Sept. Burlington, (Tor- rey) ; Perkins' Flora.

Hieracium marianum Willd. Open woods and clearings. June-Aug. Torrey collection.

I.actuca birsuta Muhl. Dry open ground. July. Charlotte, (Pringle).

100 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

Lactuca iiitegrifolia Bigel. Rich thickets. July, Aug. Reported from Burlington, (Ross).

Onopordum Acaiithium L. Roadsides and waste places. July, Aug. Charlotte, (Pringle). Dry pastures, Williston, (Robbins) ; Thomp- son's Vermont.

Petasites palmatus (Ait.) Gray. Swamps. May, June. Charlotte, (Pringle).

Prenauthes serpentaria Pursh. Dry open soil. Aug., Sept. Torrey collection.

STATISTICAL SUMMARIES

In the following summaries varieties and hybrids are counted with species. When, however, in Tables II and III the numbers are the same, precedence in the list is given to the family or genus having the fewer varieties and hybrids. The summaries include the species recog- nized in the list of "Additions and Corrections."

I. NUMBERS AND SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES

Native Foreign Total

Pteridophytes Spermatophytes

Totals

67 895

962

0

278

278

67 1172

1240

II.

DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES AND VARIETIES AMONG THE PRINCIPAL FAMILIES

INCLUDING ALL HAVING 15 OR MORE SPECIES

Genera

Species and varieties

		Native	Foreign	Total
Cyperaceae	7	128	0	128
Compositae	37	84	37	121
Gramineae	44	74	37	111
Rosaceae	16	56	9	65
Ranunculaceae	11	31	5	36
Polypodiaceae	15	36	0	36
Orchidaceae	12	34	0	34
Leguminosae	14	13	20	33
Cruciferae	15	15	18	33
Labiatae	18	18	14	32
Ericaceae	16	30	0	30
Polygonaceae	4	16	13	29
Umbelliferae	16	15	6	21
Liliaceae	17	20	4	24
Caryophyllaceae	10	8	16	24
Salicaceae	2	16	6	22
Scrophulariaceae	12	16	5	21
Violaceae	1	18	1	19
Najadaceae	2	18	0	18
Caprifoliaceae	7	15	2	17
Onagraceae	4	13	3	16
Urticaceae	10	10	5	15
The other 89 families	168	279	76	355

102

FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY

i

III. THE PRINCIPAL GENERA

INCLUDING ALL HAVING 10 OR MORE SPECIES

Genera	Species	Genera	Species
Carex	94	Salix	15
Viola	19	Ranunculus	15
Polygonum	18	Scirpus	12
Potamogeton	18	Habenaria	11
Aster	16	Crataegus	11
Panicum	16	Galium	10
Solidago	15	Juncus	10

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS

Preface. After C. G. Hinsdale, Boston, Mass., insert — A. S. Hitchcock, Washington, D. C.

Page 14. Insert — Pauicum linearifolium Scribn. Woods. June-Aug. Burlington, (Hitchcock).

Page 16. Third line from bottom, before Hordeum sativum Jessen, in- sert— AvENA SATivA L., Oat.

Page 19. Sixteenth line from bottom, for var. irrigua (Wahlenb.) Fern, read var. palleus Fern.

Page 20. Twelfth line from top, for "Low open ground; frequent." read "Essex Junction, (Brainerd)."

Page 35. Tenth line from bottom, before "South Burlington, (N. F. F.)" insert — Burlington, (Torrey).

Page 45. Omit first, second and third lines. Before DENTARIA in- sert—

CONRINGIA (Heist.) Adans. Hare's-ear Mustard

C. orientalis (L.) Dumort. Adventive in railroad yards, Burlington, (N. F. F.). June, July.

Page 53. Tenth line from bottom, for "(Torrey)" read "(Benedict)."

Page 65. Seventh line from top, for "Colchester, (Torrey, N. F. F.)," read "Burlington, (Torrey); Colchester, (N. F. F.)."

Page 65. Twelfth line from bottom, after "Fort Ethan Allen, (Grout)," insert — railroad yard, Burlington, (N. F. F.).

Page 73. Fourth line from bottom, for "I. coccinea L." read "I, coc- ciNEA L. var. hederifolia (L.) Gray."

Page 80. Ninth line from top, for "Burlington and Essex, (N. F. F.)," read "Burlington, (Torrey, N. F. F.) ; Essex, (N. F. F.)."

Page 80. Tenth line from bottom, for "Blue Bottle" read "Bluebottle."

Page 94. Sixth line from top, after "those" insert — a comma.

INDEX

Abele 29 Abies 6 Abutilon 61 Acacia, False 55 Acalypha 57 Acer 59 Aceraceae 59 Achillea 85 Acnida 37 Acorus 23 Actaea 40 Adder's Mouth 29

Green 29 Adder's Tongue 4

Family 4

Yellow 25 Adiantum 1 Adlumia 44 Aesculus 59 Agastache 75 Agrimonia 49 Agrimony 49

Tall Hairy 49

Woodland 49 Agropyron 9 Agrostemma 38 Agrostis 10 Ague-weed 72 Aizoaceae 38 Ajuga 75 Alder 31

Black 58

Downy Green 31

Hoary 31

Smooth 82

Speckled 31 Alder-leaved Buck- thorn 60 Alfalfa 54 Alisma 9 Alismaceae 9 Allegheny Vine 44 Allium 25 Allspice, Wild 43 Alnus 31 Alopecurus 10 Alsike Clover 55 Alternate-leaved Dog- wood 68

Alyssum, Hoary 45

Sweet 46 Amaranth 37

Family 37

Green 37

Prostrate 37

Thorny 37 Amaranthaceae 37 Amaranthus 37 Ambrosia 85 Amelanchier 49 American Aspen 30

Beech 32

Bladder Nut 59

Brooklime 80

Cranberry 71

Elm 34

Fly Honeysuckle 82

Germander 78

Hop Hornbeam 32

Hornbeam 32

Larch 6

Mountain Ash 51

Orpine 48

Pennyroyal 76

White Hellebore 26

Yew 6 Amphicarpa 53 Anacardiaceae 58 Anagallis 71 Anaphalis 85 Andromeda 69 Andropogon 10 Anemone 41

Cut-leaved 41

Long-fruited 41

Round-headed 41

Tall 41

Wood 41 Angelica 66 Antennaria 85 Anthemis 85 Anthoxanthum 10 Apios 53 Apocynaceae 72 Apocynum 72 Appalachian Cherry 51 Apple 51

of Peru 78

Purple Thorn 78

Thorn 78 Aquifoliaceae 58 Aquilegia 41 Arabis 44 Araceae 23 Aralia 66 Araliaceae 66 Arbor Vitae 7 Arbutus, Trailing 69 Arceuthobium 34 Arctium 86 Arctostaphylos 69 Arenaria 38 Arethusa 27 Arisaema 23 Aristida 10 Aristolochiaceae 34 Aromatic Winter- green 69 Arrhenatherum 10 Arrow Grass Family 9 Arrow-head 9 Arrow-leaved Tear- •

thumb 36 Arrow-wood 83

Downy 83

Maple-leaved 83

Toothed 83 Artemisia 86 Artichoke, Jerusa- lem 89 Arum, Dragon 23

Family 23

Water 23 Asarabacca 34 Asarum 34 Asclepiadaceae 73 Asclepias 73 Ash 72

American Moun- tain 51

Black 72

European Moun- tain 51

Green 72

Northern Prickly 56

Prickly 56

Red 72

INDEX

105

White 72 Ash-leaved Maple 59

Spiraea 53 Asparagus 25

Garden 25 Aspen 29

American 30

Large-toothed 30 Aspidium 1 Asplenium 2 Aster 86

Flat-topped White 87

Hairy-stemmed 86

Heart-leaved 86

Large-leaved 86

New England 86

Panicled 86

Pringle's 86

Purple-stemmed 87

Small White 87

Stiff 86

Tall White 86

Wavy-leaved 87

White Wood 86 Astragalus 53 A vena 100 Avens 50

Purple 50

Rough 50

Water 50

White 50

Yellow 50 Awned Cyperus 21

Wheat Grass 9 Azalea, Pink 70 Bachelor's Button 87 Balm of Gilead 30

Fir 6 Balmony 79 Balsam 60

Fir 6

Groundsel 91

Poplar 29 Balsam-apple, Wild 84 Balsaminaceae 60 Baneberry 40

Red 40

White 40 Barbarea 44 Barberry 43

Common 43

Family 43 Barley 13, 16

Egyptian 13 Barnyard Grass 12

Barren Strawberry 53 Bartonia 72

Yellow 72 Basil 77

Thyme 77 Basswood 61 Bastard Pennyroyal 7^

Toad-flax 34 Beach Heather 62

Pea 54 Beak Rush 22 Beaked Hazelnut 32

Willow 31 Bean, Wild 53 Bearberry 69

Red 69 Beard, Goat's 92

Grass 10 Bearded Darnel 13 Beard-tongue 80 Bedstraw 81

Marsh 82

Northern 82

Rough 81

Small 82

Sweet-scented 82 Beech 32

American 32

Blue 32

Family 32

Fern 3

Water 32 Beech-drops 81

False 70 Beggar's Lice 74 Beggar's-ticks, Com- mon 87

Swamp 87 Bellflower 84

European 84

Marsh 84

Nettle-leaved 84 Bellwort 26

Large-flowered 26

Sessile-leaved 26 Benjamin Bush 43 Bent Grass 10 Benzoin 43 Berberidaceae 43 Berberis 43 Bergamot, Wild 76 Berry, Partridge 82

Pigeon 37

Service 49 Berteroa 45

Betony, Wood 79 Betula 32 Betulaceae 31 Bidens 87 Bindweed 73

Black 35

Field 73

Fringed Black 35

Hedge 73

Upright 73 Birch 32

Black 32

Canoe 32

Cherry 32

Family 32

Gray 32

Old Field 32

Paper 32

Sweet 32

White 32

Yellow 32 Bird Cherry 51 Birthroot 26 Birthwort Family 34 Bishop's Cap 48 Bitter Cress 45

Dock 36 Bitternut Hickory 31 Bittersweet 58, 78

Climbing 58

Shrubby 58 Bitter-weed 85 Black Alder 58

Ash 72

Bindweed 35

Birch 32

Chokeberry 51

Cohosh 41

Dewberry 52

Gum 68

High Blueberry 70

Huckleberry 69

Larch 6

Medick 54

Mustard 45

Oak 33

Raspberry 52

Snakeroot 41, 67

Spruce 6

Sugar Maple 59

Willow 30 Blackberry, High Bush 52

Recurved 52

Running Swamp 52

106

INDEX

Black-eyed Susan 90 Black-fruited Moun- tain Rice 14 Bladder Campion 39

Fern 2

Ketmia 61

Nut 59

Nut Family 59 Bladderwort 80

Family 80

Greater 80 Elite, Strawberry 37 Bloodroot 43 Blue Beech 32

Bottle 87

Cohosh 43

Curls 78

Devil 74

Flag 27

Myrtle 73

Sailors 87

Vervain 75

Vetch 55 Bluebell 84

Family 84 Bluebells 75 Blueberry 70

Black High 70

Early Sweet 71

High 70

Late Low 71

Low Sweet 71

Sour-top 70

Swamp 70

Velvet-leaf 70 Bluets 82

Blue-eyed Grass 27 Blue-joint Grass 11 Blue-stemmed Golden- rod 91 Blue-weed 74 Blunt-leaved Milk- weed 73

Sandwort 38 Blunt-lobed Woodsia 3 Boehmeria 33 Bog Club Moss 5

Golden-rod 92

Rosemary 69

Rush 24

Spruce 6

Willow 30

Wintergreen 70 Boneset 88 Boott's Shield Fern 1

Borage Family 74 Boraginaceae 74 Botrychium 4 Bottle, Blue 87

Grass 16 Bottle-brush Grass 13 Bouncing Bet 39 Box Elder 59 Brachyelytrum 10 Bracken 3 Brake 3

Cliff 3

Purple Cliff 3 '

Rock 2

Slender Rock 2 Bramble 52 Brasenia 40 Brassica 45 Brier, Cat 26

Green 26 Bristly Crowfoot 42

Foxtail Grass 16

Sarsaparilla 66 Broad Beech Fern 3 Broad-fruited Bur- reed 7 Broad-leaved Spring

Beauty 40 Brome Grass 11

Crowfoot 42 Bull Thistle 88 Bulrush 22

Great 22

River 22 Bunchberry 68 Bur Clover 54

Grass 11

Marigold 87

Oak 33 Burdock 86

Common 86

Great 86 Burnet 53

Garden 53 Bur-reed 7

Broad-fruited 7

Family 7 Burseed 74 Bush, Benjamin 43

Clover 54

Fever 43

Honeysuckle 82

Rock Shad 49

Shad 49

Shore Shad 49

Spice 43

Steeple 53 Bushy Golden-rod 91 Butter-and-Eggs 79

Bromus 11 Brooklime, American 80Buttercup 42

Broom Beard Grass 10 Bulbous 42

Broom-rape 81 Creeping 42

Family 81 Swamp 43

Brown Beak Rush 22 Tall 42

BroM^nish-fruited Butternut 31

Rush 24 Buckbean 72 Buckeye 59 Buckthorn 60

Alder-leaved 60

Common 60

Family 60 Buckwheat 35

Climbing False 36

Family 36 Buffalo-berry, Cana- dian 64 Buffalo Currant 48 Bugbane 41 Bugle Weed 75, 76 Bugloss, Viper's 74 Bulb-bearing Loose- strife 71 Bulbous Buttercup 42

Butterweed 88 Buttonbush 81 Buttonwood 49 Cabbage, Skunk 23 Calamus 23 Calamagrostis 11 Calamint 77 California Rose 73 Calla 23

Wild 23 Callitrichaceae 57 Callitriche 57 Calopogon 27 Caltha 41 Camelina 45 Campanula 84 Campanulaceae 84 Campion 38, 39

Bladder 39

INDEX

Red 39

White 38 Camptosorus 2 Canada Blue Grass 15

Golden-rod 91

Hawkweed 89

Plum 51

Thistle 88

Violet 62 Canadian Buffalo- berry 64 Canary Grass 15 Cancer-root 81

One-flowered 81 Canker-root 41 Cannabis 33 Canoe Birch 32 Caper Family 47 Capillaire 69 Capparidaceae 47 Caprifoliaceae 82 Capsella 45 Caraway 66 Cardamine 45 Cardinal Flower 84 Carduus 87 Carex 17 Carnation 38 Carpenter-weed 77 Carpet Weed 38 Carpinus 32 Carrion-flower 26 Carrot 67

Wild 67 Carum 66 Carya 31

Caryophyllaceae 38 Cashew Family 58 Cassandra 69 Castalia 40 Castanea 32 Cat Brier 26

Mint 76

Spruce 6 Catchfly 39

Night-flowering 39

Sleepy 39

Sweet William 39 Catnip 76 Cat-tail, Common 7

Family 7

Flag 7

Narrow-leaved 7 Caulophyllum 43 Ceanothus 60

Cedar, Red 6

White 7 Celandine 43 Celastraceae 58 Celastrus 58 Celtis 33 Cenchrus 11 Centaurea 87 Cephalanthus Cerastium 38 Chain Fern 3

81

Purple 51

Red 51 Choke Cherry 51 Christmas Fern 3 Chryanthemum 87 Chrysosplenium 48 Cicely, Smoother Sweet 67

Sweet 67

Woolly Sweet 67 Cicer 53

Chair-maker's Rush 22 Cichorium 87

Chamaedaphne 69 Chamomile 85

Wild 90 Charlock 45 Cheat 11 Checkerberry 69 Cheeses 61 Chelidonium 43 Chelone 79 Chenopodiaceae 36 Chenopodium 36 Cherry 51

Appalachian 51

Birch 32

Bird 51

Choke 51

Clammy Ground 78

Fire 51

Ground 78

Pin 51

Rum 51

Sand 51

Wild Black 51

Wild Red 51 Chess 11

Wild 11

Wood 11 Chestnut 32

Oak 33 Chick-pea 53 Chickweed 39

Common 39

Cicuta 66 Cimicifuga 41 Cinna 11 Cinnamon Fern 3

Rose 52 Cinquefoil 50

Marsh 51

Rough 51

Shrubby 51

Silvery 50

Tall 51 Circaea 64 Cirsium 88 Cistaceae 62 Clammy Ground Cher- ry 78

Hedge Hyssop 79

Locust 55 Clammy-weed 47 Claytonia 40 Clearweed 34 Cleavers 81 Clematis 41

Purple 41

Wild 41 Cliff Brake 3 Climbing bitter-sweet 58

False Buckwheat 36

Fumitory 44

Nightshade 78 Clintonia 25

Yellow 25

Common Mouse-ear 38Clinton's Shield Fern 1 Field Mouse-ear 38 Closed Gentian 72

Indian 38

Mouse-ear 38

Nodding 38

Wintergreen 72 Chicory 87

Common 87 Chimaphila 69 Chiogenes 69 Chokeberry, Black 51

Clotbur 92 Clover 55

Alsike 55

Bur 54

Bush 54

Hop 55

Low Hop 55

Rabbit-foot 55

Red 55

108

Stone 55 Sweet 54 White 55 White Sweet 54 Yellow 55 Yellow Sweet 54 Zigzag 55 Club Moss 5

Moss Family 5

Rush 22 Clustered Snakeroot Coast Jointweed 35 Cockle, Corn 38 Cocklebur 92 Coffee, Wild 83 Cohosh 40

Black 41

Blue 43 Coltsfoot 92 Columbine 41

Garden 41

Wild 41 Comandra 34 Comfrey 75

Common 75

Wild 74 Compositae 85 Composite Family 85 Cone-flower 90

Tall 90 Conium 66 Convallaria 25 Convolvulaceae 73 Convolvulvus 73

Family 73 Coptis 41 Coral Root 27

Early 27

Large 27 Corallorrhiza 27 Cord Grass 16 Cork Elm 34 Corn Cockle 38

Flower 87

Indian 16

Poppy 43

Speedwell 80

Spurrey 39

Squirrel 44

Wild Broom 15 Cornaceae 68 Cornel 68

Dwarf 68

Round-leaved 68

Silky 68

INDEX

Cornus 68 Corpse Plant 70 Corydalis 44

Golden 44

Pale 44

Pink 44 Corylus 32 Cotton Grass 22 Cotton-wood 30 Couch Grass 9 67 Cow Cress 46

Lily 40

Parsnip 67

Wheat 79 Cowbane, Spotted 66 Cow-herb 39 Cowslip, English 71

Virginian 75 Cowslips 41 Crack Willow 30 Cranberry 70

American 71

High-bush 83

Large 71

Small 71

Tree 83 Cranesbill 56

Wild 56 Crassulaceae 47 Crataegus 49 Cream-colored Vetch- ling 54 Creeper, Disk 60

Tendril 60

Virginia 60 Creeping Buttercup 42

Eragrostis 12

Snowberry 69

Spearwort 42 Cress, Bitter 45

Common Winter 45

Cow 46

Erect-fruited Win- ter 44

Field 46

Field Penny 47

Hairy Marsh 46

Hairy Rock 44

Lake 46

Marsh 46

Penny 47

Purple Rock 44

Rock 44

Small Bitter 45

Smooth Rock 44

Water 46

Winter 44

Yellow 46 Crested Shield Fern 1 Crowfoot 42

Bristly 42

Bulbous 42

Common White Water 42

Cursed 42

Family 40

Hooked 42

Small-flowered 42

Stiff Water 42

Tall 42

Yellow Water 42 Cruciferae 44 Cryptogramma 2 Cryptotaenia 66 Cucumber, Wild 84

One-seeded Bur 84

Star 84 Cucumber-root, In- dian 25 Cucurbitaceae 84 Cudweed 89

Low 89 Cup Plant 91

Huntman's 47 Currant 48

Buffalo 48

Garden Red 48

Missouri 48

Swamp Red 48

Wild Black 48 Cursed Crowfoot 42 Cuscuta 73 Cut-grass 13

Rice 13 Cut-leaved Anemone 41

Bugle Weed 76

Golden-rod 91

Pepper-root 45

Toothwort 45 Cynoglossum 74 Cyperaceae 17 Cyperus 21

Awned 21

Shining 21

Straw-colored 21 Cypress Spurge 57 Cypripedium 27 Cystopteris 2 Dactylis 11 Daisy Fleabane 88

INDEX

109

Michaelmas 87

Ox-eye 87

White 87

Yellow 90 Dalibarda 50 Dandelion 92

Common 92

Red-seeded 92 Danthonia 11 Daphne 64 Darnel la

Bearded 13

Common 13 Datura 78 Daucus 67 Day Lily 25 Dead Nettle 76 Decodon 64 Dentaria 45 Deschampsia 11 Desmodium 53 Devil's Paint-brush 89 Dewberry, Black 52

Red 52

Swamp 52 Dianthus 38 Dicentra 44 Dicksonia 2 Diervilla 82 Digitaria 12 Dirca 64 Disk Creeper 60 Ditch Stonecrop 47 Dock 36

Bitter 36

Great Water 36

Patience 36

Spatter 40

Swamp 36

Yellow 36 Dock-leaved Persi-

caria 35 Dockmackie 83 Dodder 73 Dog Fennel 85

Violet 62 Dogbane 72

Family 72

Spreading 72 Dogberry 48 Dogwood 68

Alternate-leaved 68

Family 68

Panicled 68

Poison 58

Red-osier 68

Round-leaved 68

Silky 68 Dog's-tooth Violet 25 Doll's Eyes 40 Doorweed 35 Downy Arrow-wood 83

Golden-rod 92

Green Alder 31

Rattlesnake Plan- tain 28

Yellow Violet 63 Draba 46 Dragon Arum 23 Drop-seed 14, 16 Dropwort 50 Drosera 47 Droseraceae 47 Duck's-meat 2o Duckweed 23

Family 23

Greater 23

Ivy-leaved 23

Lesser 23 Dulichium 21

Eleocharis 21 Elm 34

American 34

Cork 34

English 34

Red 34

Rock 34

Slippery 34

White 34 Elodea 9 Elymus 12 Enchanter's Night- shade 64 English Cowslip 71

Elm 34

Hawthorn 49

Plantain 81 Epifagus 81 Epigaea 69 Epilobium 04 Epipactis 28 Equisetaceae 4 Equisetum 4 Eragrostis 12

Creeping 12

Dutchman's Breeches 44 Strong-scented 12

Dwarf Cornel 68

Ginseng 66

Mistletoe 34

Raspberry 52

Sumach 58 Dyssodia 88 Early Coral Root 27

Golden-rod 91

Meadow^ Parsnip 68

Meadow Rue 43

Saxifrage 48

Sweet Blueberry 71

Yellow Violet 63 Ebony Spleenwort 2 Echinochloa 12 Echinocystis 84 Echium 74 Eel Grass 9 Eglantine 52 Egyptian Barley 13 Elaeagnaceae 64 Elder S3

Box 59

Common 83

Poison 58

Red-berried 83

Wild 66 Elderberry 83 Elecampane 90

Erechtites 88 Erect-fruited Winter

Cress 44 Erect Knotweed 35 Ericaceae 69 Erigeron 88 Eriocaulaceae 23 Eriocaulon 23 Eriophorum 22 Erodium 56 Eryngium 67 Eryngo 67 Erysimum 46 Erythronium 25 Eupatorium 88 Euphorbia 57 Euphorbiaceae 57 European Bellflower 84

Mallow 60

Millet 14

Mountain Ash 51

Stickseed 74 Evening Primrose 65

Primrose Family 64 Evergreen Wood Fern 1 Everlasting S~>

Common 89

Pea 54

Pearly 85

liO

INDEX

Plantain-leaved 85 Fagaceae 32 Fagopyrum 35 Fagus 32 False Acacia 55

Beech Drops 70

Dragon Head 77

Flax 45

Hellebore 26

Loosestrife 65

Mermaid 58

Mermaid Family 58

Miterwort 48

Nettle 33

Pimpernel 79

Solomon's Seal 26

Spikenard 26 Feather Geranium 36

Prince's 35 Fennel, Dog 85 Fen Orchis 29 Fern, Beech 3

Bladder 2

Boott's Shield 1

Broad Beech 3

Chain 3

Christmas 3

Cinnamon 3

Clinton's Shield 1

Common Bladder 2

Crested Shield 1

Evergreen Wood 1

Family 1

Flowering 3

Fragile Bladder 2

Goldie's 1

Grape 4

Hay-scented 2

Interrupted 4

Lady 2

Lance-leaved Grape

Little Grape 4

Long Beech 3

Marginal Shield 1

Marsh 1

New York 1

Oak 3

Ostrich 2

Rattlesnake 4

Royal 4

Sensitive 2

Shield 1

Spinulose Shield 1

Sweet 31

Ternate Grape 4

Virginia Chain 3

Wood 1 Fescue Grass 12

Meadow 12

Nodding 12

Sheep's 12

Red 12

Taller 12 Festuca 12 Fetid Marigold 88 Fever Bush 43 Feverwort 83 Field Bindweed 73

Cress 46

Golden-rod 91

Milkwort 57

Mouse-ear Chick- weed 38

Penny Cress 47

Sorrel 36

Sow Thistle 92

Spurrey 39 Figwort 80

Family 79 Filbert 32 Filipendula 50 Finger Grass 12 Fiorin 10 Fir 6

Balm-of-Gilead 6

Balsam 6 Fire Cherry 51 Fireweed 65, 88 Five-finger 50, 51 Flag, Blue 27

Cat-tail 7

Sweet 23 Flat-topped White As- ter 87 Flax 55 4 Common 55

False 45

Family 55 Fleabane 88

Daisy 88

Pink 88 Fleur-de-lis 27 Floating Foxtail Grass 10

Manna Grass 13 Floerkea 58 Flower, Cardinal 84

Corn 87

Moccasin 27

Monkey 79

Side-saddle 47

Star 72

Wind 41 Flowering Fern 3

Fern Family 3

Sage 76

Spurge 57

Wintergreen 57 Flower-of-an-hour 61 Foam-flower 48 Forget-me-not 75

True 75 Forked Beard Grass 10 Four-leaved Milkweed 73 Fowl Meadow Grass 15 Foxtail Grass 10

Green 16

Yellow 16 Fragaria 50 Fragile Bladder Fern 2 Fraxinus 72 Fringed Black Bind- weed 35

Loosestrife 71

Orchis 28

Polygala 57 Frog's Bit Family 9 Frost Grape 60 Frostweed 62 Fumaria 44 Fumariaceae 44 Fumitory 44

Climbing 44

Common 44

Family 44 Galeopsis 75 Galingale 21 Galinsoga 88 Galium 81 Gall-of-the-earth 90 Garden Asparagus 25

Burnet 53

Columbine 41

Heliotrope 84

Orpine 47

Phlox 74

Red Currant 48

Snowberry 83

Sorrel 36 Garget 37 Garlic 25 Gaultheria 69 Gaylussacia 69 Gentian 72

Closed 72

INDEX

111

Family 72

Horse 83

Stiff 72 Gentiana 72 Gentianaceae 72 Geraniaceae 56 Geranium 56

Family 56

Feather 36 Gerardia 79

Slender 79

Small-flowered 79 Germander 78

American 78 German Millet 16 Geum 50

Giant Hyssop 75 Gilia 74

Gill-over-the-ground 77 Ginger, Wild 34 Ginseng 66

Dwarf 66

Family 66 Glaucous Honey- suckle 83

Willow 30 Glyceria 13 Gnaphalium 89 Goat's Beard 92 Golden Alexanders 68

Corydalis 44

Hedge Hyssop 79

Meadow Parsnip 68

Ragwort 91

Saxifrage 48

Seal 42 Golden-rod 91

Blue-stemmed 91

Bog 92

Bushy 91

Canada 91

Cut-leaved 91

Downy 92

Early 91

Field 91

Gray 91

Hairy 91

Late 92

Stout Ragged 92

Tall Hairy 92

White 91

Zigzag 91 Goldie's Fern 1 Goldthread 41 Goose Grass 81

Gooseberry 48

Prickly 48 Goosefoot 36

Family 36

Maple-leaved 37

Oak-leaved 37

Upright 37 Gourd Family 84 Gramineae 9 Grape 60

Fern 4

Frost 60

River-bank 60

Summer 60 Grass

Awned Wheat 9

Barnyard 12

Beard 10

Bent 10

Blue-eyed 27

Blue-joint 11

Bottle 16

Bottle-brush 13

Bristly Foxtail 16

Brome 11

Broom Beard 10

Bur 11

Canada Blue 15

Canary 15

Common Hair 11

Common Wild Oat 11

Cord 16

Cotton 22

Couch 9

Eel 9

Family 9

Fescue 12

Finger 12

Floating Foxtail 10

Floating Manna 13

Forked Beard 10

Fowl Meadow 15

Foxtail 10

Goose 81

Grove Spear 15

Hair 10

Herd's 15

Holy 13

Hungarian 16

Hungarian Brome 11

Indian 16

June 15

Kentucky Blue 15

Large Crab 12

Low Spear 15

Lyme 12

Manna 13

Marsh 16

Meadow 15

Meadow Foxtail 10

Melic 13

Millet 16

Oat 10

of Parnassus 48

Old-witch 14

Orchard 11

Pale Manna 13

Panic 14

Perennial Ray 13

Pigeon 16

Pink 27

Poverty 10

Quick 9

Quitch 9

Rattlesnake 13

Reed Bent 11

Reed Canary 15

Reed Meadow 13

Rib 81

Ribbon 15

Ripple 81

Rough Foxtail 16

Rush 16

Rye 13

Seneca 13

Slender Wheat 9

Slender Wood Reed 11

Slough 16

Small Crab 12

Spear 15

Squirrel-tail 13

Sweet Vernal 10

Tall Oat 10

Tape 9

Thin 10

Triple-awned 10

Vanilla 13

Water Star 24

Weak Spear 15

White 13

White Bent 10

Wild Oat 11

Wire 15

Wood 16

Wood Reed 11

Wool 22

Yellow Nut 21 Gratiola 79 Graveyard Moss 57 Gray Birch 32

112

INDEX

Golden-rod 91 Oak 33 Great Bulrush 22 Burdock 86 Ragweed 85 St. John's-wort 61 Water Dock 36 Willow-herb 65

Panicled 89

Rough 90 Hawthorn 49

English 49 Hay-scented Fern 2 Hazelnut 32

Beaked 32 Heal-all 77

Greater Bladderwort 80Heart-leaved Aster i Duckweed 23 Twayblade 29

Green Adder's Mouth 29 Willow 30

Amaranth 37 Heart's-ease 62, 63

Ash 72 Heath Family 69

Brier 26 Heather, Beach 62

Foxtail 16 Hedeoma 76

Greenish-flowered Win- Hedge Bindweed 73 tergreen 70 Hyssop 79

Grim the Collier 89 Mustard 46

Gromwell 74 Nettle 77

Common 75 Helianthemum

62

Ground Cherry 78

Hemlock 6

Ivy 77

Laurel 69

Pine 5

Pink 73 Ground-nut 53 Groundsel 91

Balsam 91

Common 91 Grove Spear Grass 15 Gum, Black 68

Sour 68 Gypsophila 38

Low 38 Habenaria 28 Hackberry 33 Hackmatack 6 Hair Grass 10 Hairy Golden-rod 91

Marsh Cress 46

Rock Cress 44

Wood Rush 24

Helianthus 89 Heliopsis

Alyssum 45 Hobble-bush 83 Hog Peanut 53 Hog-weed 85 Holly 58

Family 58

Mountain 58 Holy Grass 13 Honewort 66 Honeysuckle 82

American Fly 82

Bush 82

Family 82

Glaucous 83

Tartarian 83 Hooked Crowfoot 42 Hop 33

Clover 55

Common 33

Hornbeam 32

Japanese 33 Hordeum 13, 16

Heliotrope, Garden 84 Horehound, Water 76 Hellebore, American Hornbeam 32

White 26

False 26 Hemerocallis 25 Hemlock 7

Ground 6

Poison 66

Water 66 Hemp 33

Common 33

Indian 72

Nettle 75

Water 37 Henbit 76 Hepatica 41 Heracleum 67 Herb Robert 56 Herd's Grass 15 Heteranthera 24 Hibiscus 61

Hairy-stemmed Aster 86Hickory 31

Halberd-leaved Tear- thumb 35 Haloragidaceae 65 Hamamelidaceae 49 Hamamelis 49 Hardback 53 Harebell 84 Hare's Tail 22 Hawkweed 89

Canada 89

Orange 89

Bitternut 31 Shagbark 31 Shellbark 31 Swamp 31 White-heart 31

Hieracium 89

Hierochloe 13

High Blueberry 70

American 32

American Hop 32

Hop 32 Horse Gentian 83

Mint 76 Horse-chestnut 59

Common 59 Horseradish 46 Horsetail 4

Common 4

Family 4

Marsh 5

Shore 5

Wood 5 Horseweed 88, 90 Hound's Tongue 74

Common 74 Houstonia 82 Huckleberry 69

Black 69* Hudsonia 62 Humulus 33 Hungarian Brome Grass 11

Grass 16 Huntsman's Cup 47 Husk Tomato 78 Hydrastis 42

High-bush Blackberry 52Hydrocharitaceae 9

Cranberry 83 Hydrocotyle 67

Hoary Alder 31 ' Hydrophyllaceae 74

INDEX

113

Hydropliylliim 74 . Hypericaceae 61. Hypericum 61 Hyssop, Clammy Hedge 79

Giant 75

Golden Hedge 79

Hedge 79 Hystrix 13 Ilex 58 Ilysanthes 79 Impatiens 60 Indian Chickweed 38

Corn 16

Cucumber-root 25

Grass 16

Hemp 72

Mallow 61

Mustard 45

Pipe 70

Poke 26

Rice 16

Tobacco 84

Turnip 23 Innocence 82 Interrupted Fern 4 Inula 90 Ipomoea 73 Iridaceae 27 Iris 27

Family 27

Wild 27

Yellow 27 Iron wood 32 Ivy, Ground 77

Poison 57 Ivy-leaved Duckweed Jack-in-the-Pulpit 23 Jamestown Weed 78 Japanese Hop 33

Knotweed 35 Jerusalem Artichoke

Oak 36 Jewelweed 60 Jimson Weed 78 Joe-Pye Weed 88 Jointed Rush 24 Jointweed, Coast 35 Juglandaceae 31 Juglans 31 Juncaceae 24 Juncaginaceae 9 J uncus 24 June Berry 49

Grass 15

Pink 70 Juniper 6

Common 6 Juniperus 6 Kalmia 69

Kentucky Blue Grass King Devil 89 Kinnikinnik 68 Knotgrass 35 Knotted Rush 24 Knotweed 35

Erect 35

Japanese 35 Labiatae 75 Labrador Tea 69 Lactuca 90 Ladies' Tobacco 85 Ladies' Tresses 29

Nodding 29

Slender 29 Lady Fern 2 Lady's Slipper 27

Large Yellow 27

Pink 27

Ram's Head 27

Showy 27

Smaller Yellow 27

Stemless 27 Lady's Sorrel 56

Thumb 36 Lake Cress 46 Lambkill 69 Lamb's Quarters 36 Lamium 76 Lance-leaved Grape 23 Fern 4

Loosestrife 71

Violet 63 Laportea 33 Lappula 74 89Larch 6

American 6

Black 6 Large Coral Root 27

Crab Grass 12

Cranberry 71

Pepper-root 45

Purple-fringed Or- chis 28

Toothwort 45

Twayblade 28

Yellow Lady's Slip per 27

Yellow Pond Lily 40 Large-bracted Plan- tain 81 Large-flowered Bell- wort 26 Large-fruited Snake- . 15 root 67 Large-leaved Aster 86

Orchis 28

Pondweed 8 Large-toothed Aspen 30 Larix 6 Late Golden-rod 92

Low Blueberry 71 Lathyrus 54 Lauraceae 43 Laurel 69

Family 43

Ground 69

Pale 69

Sheep 69 Laurestinus 83 Leaf, Leather 69

Velvet 61 Leather Leaf 69 Leatherwood 64 Lechea 62 Ledum 69 Leek, Wild 25 Leersia 13 Leguminosae 53 Lemna 23 Lemnaceae 23 Lentibulariaceae 80 Leonurus 76 Lepidium 46 Lespedeza 54 Lesser Duckweed 23

Rattlesnake Plan- tain 28

Stitchwort 39 Lettuce 90

Prickly 90

Tall Blue 90

Tall White 90

White 90

Wild 90 Leverwood 32 Levisticum 67 Lilac 72

Common 72 Liliaceae 25 . Lilium 25 Lily 25

114

INDEX

Common Day 25

Cow 40

Day 25

Family 25

Large Yellow Pond 40

Meadow 25

of the Valley 25

Small Yellow Pond 40

Sweet-scented White Water 40

Tiger 25

Tuberous White Water 40

Water 40

Wild Orange-red 25

Wild Yellow 25

Wood 25

Yellow Pond 40 Limnanthaceae 57 Linaceae 55 Linaria 79 Linden 61

Family 61 Linnaea 82 Linum 55 Lion's Heart 77 Liparis 28 Liquorice, Wild 82 Listera 29 Lithospermum 74 Little Grape Fern 4 Live-for-ever 47 Liverleaf 41

Round-lobed 42

Sharp-lobed 41 Lobelia 84

Family 84 Lobeliaceae 84 Lobular! a 46 Locust 55

Clammy 55

Common 55 Lolium 13

Lombardy Poplar 30 Long Beech Fern 3

Loose-spiked Milk- wort 57 Loosestrife 64, 71

Bulb-bearing 71

False 65

Family 64

Fringed 71

Lance-leaved 71

Swamp 64

Tufted 71

Whorled 71 Lopseed 81

Family 81 Loranthaceae 34 Lousewort 79

Common 79 Lovage 67 Love Vine 73 Low Cudweed 89

Gypsophila 38

Hop Clover 55

Spear Grass 15

Sweet Blueberry 71 Lucerne 54 Ludvigia 65 Lungwort 75 Lupine 54

Wild 54 Lupinus 54 Luzula 24 Lychnis 38 Lycopodiaceae 5 Lycopodium 5 Lycopus 76 Lycium 78 Lyme Grass 12 Lysimachia 71 Lythraceae 64 Ly thrum 64 Madder Family 81

Wild 82 Mad-dog Skullcap 77 Maianthemum 25 Maidenhair 1

Spleenwort 2

Long-bracted Orchis 28 Mallow 61

Long-fruited Anem- one 41

Long-leaved Stitch- wort 39 Sundew 47

Long-spurred Violet 63

Lonicera 82

Common 61 European 61 Family 61 Indian 61 Musk 61 Rose 61 Whorled 61 Malva 61

Malvaceae 61 Manna Grass 13 Maple 59

Ash-leaved 59

Black Sugar 59

Family 59

Mountain 59

Red 59

Rock 59

Silver 59

Striped 59

Sugar 59

Swamp 59

White 59 Maple-leaved Arrow- wood 83

Goosefoot 37 Marginal Shield Fern 1 Marguerite 87 Marigold, Bur 87

Fetid 88

Marsh 41

Water 87 Marsh Bedstraw 82

Bellflower 84

Blue Violet 62

Cinquefoil 51

Cress 46

Fern 1

Grass 16

Horsetail 5

Marigold 41

Muhlenbergia 14

Pea 54

St. John's-wort 62

Skullcap 77

Speedwell 80 Masterwort 66, 67 Matricaria 90 Matrimony Vine 78 Mayflower 69 Mayweed 85 Meadow Fescue 12

Foxtail Grass 10

Grass 15

Lily 25

Muhlenbergia 14

Queen of the 53

Rue 43 Meadow-sweet 53 Medeola 25 Medicago 54 Medick 54

Black 54

INDEX

115

57

73

73

Spotted 54 Melampyrum 79 Melic Grass 13 Melica 13 Melilot 54

White 54

Yellow 54 Melilotus 54 Mentha 76 Menyanthes 72 Mercury, Three- seeded 57 Mertensia 75 Mexican Tea 36 Mezereum 64

Family 64 Michaelmas Daisy 87 Microstylis 29 Milfoil 85

Water 65 Milk Purslane

Vetch 53 Milkweed 73

Blunt-leaved

Common 73

Family 73

Four-leaved

Poke 73

Swamp 73 Milkwort 57

Family 57

Field 57

Loose-spiked 57

Purple 57

Racemed 57 Millet 16

European 14

German 16 Mimulus 79 Mint 76

Cat 76

Family 75

Horse 76

Mountain 77

Narrow-leaved Mount tain 77

Spotted 76

Whorled 76

Wild 76 Missouri Currant 48 Mistletoe, Dwarf 34

Family 34 Mitchella 82 Mitella 48 Miterwort 48

False 48

Naked 48

Two-leaved 48 Mithridate Mustard 47 Moccasin Flower 27 Mock Pennyroyal 76 Mocker Nut 31 Mollugo 38 Monarda 76 Moneses 70 Moneywort 71 Monkey Flower 79 Monotropa 70 Moonwort 4 Moosewood 59, 64, 83 Morning Glory 73

Common 73

Small Red 73

Wild 73 Morus 33 Moss, Bog Club 5

Club 5

Common Club 5

Mustard 45

Black 45

Common Hedge 47

Family 44

Hedge 46

Indian 45

Mithridate 47

Tower 44

Treacle 46

Tumble 46

Worm-seed 46 Myosotis 75 Myrica 31 Myricaceae 31 Myriophyllum 65 Myrtle, Blue 73

Yellow 71 Naiad 8 Najadaceae 8 Najas 8

Naked Miterwort 48 Nannyberry 83 Narrow False Oat 16

Common Tree Club 5 Narrow-leaved Cat-

Graveyard 57

Pink 74

Shining Club 5

Stiff Club 5

Tree Club 5 Mossy Stonecrop 47 Mossy-cup Oak 33 Moth Mullein 80 Motherwort 76

Common 76 Mountain Fringe 44

Holly 58

Maple 59

Mint 77

Rice 14 Mouse-ear Chickweed 38 Moxie Plum 69 Mud Plantain 24 Mugwort, Common 86 Muhlenbergia 14 - Marsh 14

Meadow 14

Slender 14 Mulberry 38

White 33 Mullein 80

Common 80

Moth 80 Musk Mallow 61

Storksbill 56 Musquash Root 66

tail 7

Mountain Mint 77

Spleenwort 2 Necklace Poplar 30 Neckweed 80 Nemopanthus 58 Nepeta 76 Nettle 34

Common Hemp 75

Dead 76

False 33

Family 33

Hedge 77

Hemp 75

Rough Hedge 77

Slender 34

Spotted Dead 76

Tall Wild 34

Tree 33

Wood 33 Nettle-leaved Bell- flower 84 New England Aster 86 New Jersey Tea 60 New York Fern 1 Nicandra 78 Nigger-head 90 Night-flowering Catch- fly 39 Nightshade 78

Climbing 78

116

INDEX

Common 79 Enchanter's 64 Family 78 Smaller Enchant- er's 64 Nimble Will 14

Pyrola 70

One-seeded Bur Cucum- ber 84

One-sided Winter- green 70

Onion 25

Nodding Chickweed 38 Onobrychis 54

Fescue 12

Ladies' Tresses 29

Trillium 26

Wild Rye 12 Nonesuch 54 Northern Bedstraw 82

Prickly Ash 56

Stitchwort 39

Willow-herb 64 Norway Pine 7 Nut, American Blad- der 59

Bladder 59

Mocker 31 Nymphaea 40 Nymphaeaceae 40 Nyssa 68 Oak 32

Black 33

Bur 33

Chestnut 33

Fern 3

Gray 33

Jerusalem 36

Mossy-cup 33

Over-cup 33

Poison 58

Red 33

Swamp White 32

White 32

Yellow 33

Yellow-barked 33 Oakesia 26

Onoclea 2 Ophioglossaceae 4 Ophioglossum 4 Orange Hawkweed 89 Orange-root 42 Orchard Grass 11 Orchidaceae 27 Orchis 29

Family 27

Fen 29

Fringed 28

Large-leaved 28

Large Purple Fringed 28

Long-bracted 28

Ragged Fringed 28

Rein 28

Round-leaved 28

Showy 29

Smaller Purple Fringed 28

Small Wood 28

Tall Green 28

White Bog 28

White Fringed 28 Orobanchaceae 81 Orobanche 81 Orpine 47

American 48

Family 47

Garden 47 Oryzopsis 14 Osier 30

Oak-leaved Goosefoot 370smorhiza 67

Oat 100

Grass 10

Narrow False 16

Purple 13 Oats, Water 16 Oenothera 65 Old Field Birch 32 Old-witch Grass 14 Oleaceae 72 Oleaster Family 64 Olive Family 72 Onagraceae 64 One-flowered Cancer- root 81

Osmunda 8 Osmundaceae 3 Ostrich Fern 2 Ostrya 32 Over-cup Oak 33 Oxalidaceae 56 Oxalis 56 Ox-eye 89

Daisy 87 Painted Trillium 26 Pale Corydalis 44

Laurel 69

Manna Grass 13

Persicaria 35

St. John's-wort 61

Touch-me-not 60 Pale-leaved Wood Sun- flower 89 Panax 66 Panic Grass 14 Panicled Aster 86

Dogwood 68

Hawkweed 89 Panicum 14 Pansy 63 Papaver 43 Papaveraceae 43 Paper Birch 32 Pappoose Root 43 Parietaria 33 Parnassia 48 Parsley Family 66 Parsnip 67

Cow 67

Early Meadow 68

Golden Meadow 68

Poison 67

Water 68

Wild 67 Partridge Berry 82 Pastinaca 67 Pasture Rose 52 Patience Dock 36 Pea, Beach 54

Everlasting 54

Marsh 54 Peanut, Hog 53 Pearly Everlasting 85 Pedicularis 79 Pellaea 3 Pellitory 33 Penny Cress 47 Pennyroyal 76

American 76

Bastard 78

Mock 76 Pennywort, Water 67 Penthorum 47 Pentstemon 80 Pepper, Water 35 Peppergrass 46

Wild 46 Pepperidge 68 Peppermint 76 Pepper-root 45

Cut-leaved 45

Large 45

Two-leaved 45 Pepperwort 46

INDEX

117

Perennial Ray Grass 13 Moss 73 Periwinkle 73 Persicaria 36

Common 73 Swamp 70

Persicaria, Common 36 Pinus 7

Dock-leaved 35

Pale 35

Pink 36

Swamp 35 Phalaris 15 Phegopteris 3 Phleum 15 Phlox 74

Garden 74 Phragmites 15 Phryma 81 Phrymaceae 81 Physalis 78 Physostegia 76 Phytolacca 37 Phytolaccaceae 37 Picea 6 Pickerel-weed 24

Family 24 Pigeon Berry 37

Grass 16 Pigweed 36, 37 Pilea 34 Pimbina 83 Pimpernel 71 •

Common 71

False 79

Short-stalked False 79

Pinweed 62 Pipes 4 Pipewort 23

Family 23 Pipsissewa 69 Pitcher-plant 47

Family 47 Pitch Pine 7 Plane Tree 49

Family 49 Plant, Corpse 70

Cup 91 Plantaginaceae 81 Plantago 81 Plantain 81

Common 81

Downy Rattlesnake

English 81

Family 81

Large-bracted 81

Lesser Rattlesnake

Mud 24

Poor Robin's 90

Rattlesnake 28

Robin's 88

Water 9 Plantain-leaved Ever lasting 85

Yellow 68 Pin Cherry 51 Pinaceae 6 Pine 7

Drops 70

Family 6

Ground 5

Norway 7

Pitch 7

Prince's 69

Red 7

White 7 Pineapple-weed 90 Pinesap 70 Pink 38

Azalea 70

Corydalis 44

Family 38

Fleabane 88

Grass 27

Ground 73

June 70

Lady's Slipper 27

Platanaceae 49 Platanus 49 Plum 51

Canada 51

Moxie 69

Wild 51 Plumed Thistle 88 Plumeless Thistle 87 Poa 15 Pogonia 29

Rose 29

Small Whorled 29

Whorled 29 Poison Dogwood 58

Elder 58

Hemlock 66

Ivy 58

Oak 58

Parsnip 67

Sumach 58 Poke, Common 37

Indian 26

Milkweed 73

Pokeweed 37

Family 37 Polanisia 47 Polemoniaceae 74 Polemonium Family 74 Polygala 57

Fringed 57 Polygalaceae 57 Polygonaceae 35 Polygonatum 26 Polygonella 35 Polygonum 35 Polypodiaceae 1 Polypodium 3 Polypody 3 Polystichum 3 Pondweed 8

Common 8

Family 8

Large-leaved 8 28Pontederia 24 Pontederiaceae 24 Poor Man's Weather- glass 71 28 Robin's Plantain 90 Poplar 29

Balsam 29

Lombardy 30

Necklace 30

Silver-leaved 29

Trembling 30

White 29 Poppy 43

Corn 43

Family 43 Populus 29 Portulaca 40 Portulacaceae 40 Potamogeton 8 Potentilla 50 Poverty Grass 10 Prairie Willow 30 Prenanthes 90 Prickly Ash 56

Gooseberry 48

Lettuce 90

Rose 52 Primrose 71

Common Evening 65

Evening 65

Family 71

Sinuate-leaved Even- ing 65

Small-flowered Even- ing 65

118

INDEX

Primula 71	Ragweed 85	Ribes 48 ■
Primiilaceae 71	Great 85	Ribwort 81 f
Prince's Featlier 35	Ragwort 91	Rice Cut Grass 13 1
Pine 69	Golden 91	Black-fruited Moun- 1
Pringle's Aster 86	Raisin, Wild 83	tain 14 1
Prostrate Amaranth 37 Ram's Head Lady's	Indian 16
Prunella 77	Slipper 27	Mountain 14
Prunus 51	Ramsted 79	Slender Mountain 14
Psedera 60	Ranunculaceae 40	Water 16
Pteris 3	Ranunculus 42	White-grained Moun-
Pterospora 70	Raspberry, Black 52	tain 14
Puccoon 74	Dwarf 52	Wild 16
Yellow 42	Purple 52	Richweed 34
Pulse Family 53	Purple Flowering 52	Ripple Grass 81
Purple Avens 50	Running 52	River-bank Grape 60
Chokeberry 51	Wild Red 52	River Bulrush 22
Clematis 41	Rattlesnake Fern 4	Bobbin's Squaw-weed 91
Cliff Brake 3	Grass 13	Robinia 55
Flowering Rasp-	Plantain 28	Robin's Plantain 88
berry 52	Rattlesnake-root 90	Rock Brake 2
Milkwort 57	Rattlesnake-weed 90	Cress 44
Oat 13	Recurved Blackberry 52 Elm 34 |
Raspberry 52	Red Ash 72	Maple 59
Rock Cress 44	Baneberry 40	Sandwort 38
Thorn Apple 78	Bearberry 69	Selaginella 6
Trillium 26	Campion 39	Shadbush 49
Willow 30	Cedar 6	Rocket, Yellow 45
Purple-leaved Willow-	Chokeberry 51	Rockrose 62
herb 65	Clover 55	Family 62
Purple-stemmed As-	Dewberry 52	Roman Wormwood 85
ter 87	Elm 34	Rosa 52
Purslane 40	Fescue 12	Rosaceae 49
Common 40	Maple 59	Rose 52 !
Family 40	Oak 33	California 73
Milk 57	Pine 7	Cinnamon 52
Speedwell 80	Spruce 7	Family 49
Water 65	Top 10	Mallow 61
Pusley 40	Red-berried Elder 83	Pasture 52
Pussy's Toes 85	Red-osier Dogwood 68	Pogonia 29
Pussy Willow 30	Red-root 60	Prickly 52
Pycnanthemum 77	Smaller 60	Smooth 52
Pyrola 70	Red-seeded Dande-	Swamp 52
One-flowered 70	lion 92	Rosemary, Bog 68
Pyrus 51	Reed 15	Rosin-weed 91
Queen Anne's Lace 67	Bent Grass 11	Rough Avens 50
Queen of the Meadow I	3 Canary Grass 15	Bedstraw 81
Quercitron 33	Meadow Grass 13	Cinquefoil 51
Quercus 32	Rein Orchis 28	Foxtail Grass 16
Quick Grass 9	Rhamnaceae 60	Hawkweed 90
Quitch Grass 9	Rhamnus 60	Hedge Nettle 77
Rabbit-foot Clover 55	Rhododendron 70	Sunflower 89
Racemed Milkwort 57	Rhodora 70	Round-headed Anem-
Radicula 46	Rhus 58	one 41
Ragged Fringed Or-	Rib Grass 81	Round-leaved Cornel 68
chis 28	Ribbon Grass 15	Dogwood 68 i

INDEX

119

Orchis 28

Squaw-weed 91

Sundew 47

Violet 63

Wintergreen 70 Round-lobed Liver- leaf 42 Rowan Tree 51 Royal Fern 4 Rubiaceae 81 Rubus 52 Rudbeckia 90

Sainfoin 54

St. John's-wort 61

Common 62

Family 61

Great 61

Marsh 62

Pale 61

Small-flowered 62

Spotted 62 Salicaceae 29 Salix 30 Salsola 37

Rue, Early Meadow 43 Saltwort 37

Family 56 Meadow 43 Spleenwort 2 Tall Meadow 43

Rum Cherry 51

Rumex 36

Sambucus 83 Sandalwood Family Sand-bar Willow 30 Sandbur 11 Sand Cherry 51 Violet 62

Running Raspberry 52 Sandwort 38 Swamp Blackberry 52 Blunt-leaved 38

Rush 24

Beak 22

Bog 24

Brown Beak 22

Brownish-fruited 24

Chair-maker's 22

Club 22

Common Scouring 4

Common Wood 24

Family 24

Grass 16

Hairy Wood 24

Jointed 24

Knotted 24

Scouring 5

Sharp-fruited 24

Slender 24

Spike 21

Toad 24

White Beak 22

Wood 24 Russian Thistle 37 Rusty Woodsia 3 Rutabaga 45 Rutaceae 56 Rye 16

Grass 13

Nodding Wild 12

Slender Wild 12

Wild 12 Rynchospora 22 Sage, Flowering 76

Wood 78 Sagittaria 9

Rock 38

Thyme-leaved 38 Sanguinaria 43 Sanguisorba 53 Sanicle 67 Sanicula 67 Santalaceae 34 Sapindaceae 59 Saponaria 39 Sarracenia 47 Sarraceniaceae 47 Sarsaparilla, Bristly

Wild 66 Satureja 77 Savin 6 Savory 77

Summer 77 Saxifraga 48 Saxifragaceae 48 Saxifrage 48

Early 48

Family 48

Golden 48

Swamp 48 Scabious, Sweet 88 Scheuchzeria 9 Scirpus 22 Scoke, Common 37 Scorpion-grass 75 Scouring Rush 5

Common 4 Scrophularia 80 Schrophulariaceae 79 Scutellaria 77

Secale 16 Sedge 17

Family 17 Sedum 47 Selaginella 6

Rock 6 Selaginellaceae 6 Self-heal 77 Seneca Grass 13

Snakeroot 57 Senecio 91 Sensitive Fern 2 Service Bierry 49 Sessile-leaved Bell- 34 wort 26

Setaria 16 Shad Bush 49 Shagbark Hickory 31 Sharp-fruited Rush 24 Sharp-lobed Liver- leaf 41 Sheep Laurel 69

Sorrel 36 Sheepberry 83 Sheep's Fescue 12 Shellbark Hickory 31 Shepherdia 64 Shepherd's Purse 45 Shield Fern 1

Water 40 Shin Leaf 70 Shining Club Moss 5 66 Cy perns 21

Willow 30 Shore Shad Bush 49

Horsetail 5 Short-stalked False

Pimpernel 79 Short-styled Snake- root 67 Showy Lady's Slip- per 27

Orchis 29

Tick Trefoil 53 Shrubby Bitter-sweet 58

Cinquefoil 51 Sicyos 84

Side-saddle Flower 47 Silene 39 Silkweed 73

Common 73 Silky Cornel 68

Dogwood 68

Willow 31 Silphium 91

120

INDEX

Silver Maple 59 Waler 35

Weed 50 Smilacina 26

Silver-leaved Poplar 29 Smilax 26

Silvery Cinquefoil 50 Smooth Alder Spleenwort 2

Sinuate-leaved Even ing Primrose 65

Sisymbrium 46

Sisyrinchium 27 Slum 68 Skullcap 77

Mad-dog 77

Marsh 77

Small 77 Skunk Cabbage 23 Sleepy Catchfly 39 Slender Gerardia 79

Ladies' Tresses 29

Mountain Rice 14

Muhlenbergia 14

Nettle 34

Rock Brake 2

Rush 24

Vetch 55

Wheat Grass 9

Wild Rye 12

Willow 30

Wood Reed Grass 11 Slippery Elm 34 Slough Grass 16 Small Bedstraw 82

Bitter Cress 45

Crab Grass 12

Cranberry 71

32 Rock Cress 44 Rose 52 Sumach 58 Yellow Violet 63 Smoother Sweet Cice- ly 67 Snakehead 79 Snake-mouth 29

Speedwell 80 Common 80 Corn 80 Marsh 80 Purslane 80 Thyme-leaved Spergula 39 Sphenopholis 16 Spice Bush 43 Spike Rush 21 Spikenard 66 False 26

80

Snakeroot, Black 41, 67 Spinulose Shield Fern 1

Clustered 67

Large-fruited 67

Seneca 57

Short-styled 67

White 88 Snowberry 83

Creeping 69

Garden 83 Soapberry Family 59 Soapwort 39 Solanaceae 78 Solanum 78 Solidago 91 Solomon's Seal 26

False 26

Small 26

Star-flowered 26

Three-leaved 26

Two-leaved 25 Sonchus 92 Sorbaria 53

Red Morning Glory 73Sorghastrum 16 Skullcap 77 Sorrel 36

Common Wood 56

Field 36

Garden 36

Lady's 56

Sheep 36

Wood 56

Yellow Wood 56 Sour Gum 68 Sour-top Blueberry 70 Sow Thistle 92 Sparganiaceae 7 Sparganium 7 Spartina 16 Spatter Dock 40 Spear Grass 15

Solomon's Seal 26 Sundrops 65 White Aster 87 Whorled Pogonia 29 Wood Orchis 28 Yellow Pond Lily 40 Smaller Enchanter's Nightshade 64 Purple Fringed Or- chis 28 Red-root 60 Yellow Lady's Slip- per 27 Small-flowered Crow- foot 42 Evening Primrose 65 Spearmint 76 Gerardia 79 Spearwort, Creeping 42Squirrel-tail Grass 13

St. John's-wort 62 Speckled Alder 31 Stachys 77

Smartweed, Common 35Specularia 84 Staff Tree 58

Spiny-leaved Sow

Thistle 92 Spiraea 53

Ash-leaved 53 Spiranthes 29 Spirodela 23 Spleenwort 2

Ebony 2

Maidenhair 2

Narrow-leaved 2

Rue 2

Silvery 2 Sporobolus 16 Spotted Cowbane 66

Dead Nettle 76

Medick 54

Mint 76

St. John's-wort 62

Touch-me-not 60 Spreading Dogbane 72 Spring Beauty 40

Broad-leaved 40 Spruce 6

Black 6

Bog 6

Cat 6

Red 7

White 6 Spurge 57

Cypress 57

Family 57

Flowering 57 Spurrey 39

Corn 39

Field 39 Squaw-weed 91

Robbin's 91

Round-leaved 91 Squirrel Corn 44

INDEX

121

Family 58 Staghorn Sumach 58 Staphylea 59 Staphyleaceae 59 Star Cucumber 84

Flower 72

Thistle 87 Star-flowered Solomon

Seal 2G Starwort 39

Lesser 39

Water 57 Steeple Bush 53 Steironema 71 Stellaria 39 Stemless Lady's Slip- per 27 Stickseed 74

European 74 Stick-tight 87 Stiff Aster 86

Club Moss 5

Gentian 72

Water Crowfoot 42 Stitchwort, Lesser 39

Long-leaved 39

Northern 39 Stone Clover 55 Stonecrop 47

Ditch 47

Mossy 47 Storksbill 56

Musk 56 Stout Ragged Golden- rod 92 Stramonium 78 Strawberry 50

Barren 53

Blite 37

Tomato 78

Wild 50

Wood 50 Straw-colored Cy-

perus 21 Streptopus 26 Striped Maple 59 Strong-scented Era-

grostis 12 Succory 87 Sugar Maple 59 Sugarberry 33 Sumach 58

Dwarf 58

Poison 58

Smooth 58

Staghorn 58 Sunmier Grape 60

Savory 77 Sundew 47

Family 47

Long-leaved 47

Round-leaved 47 sSundrops, Small 65 Sunflower 89

Common 89

Pale-leaved Wood 89

Rough 89

Thin-leaved 89

Woodland 89 Swamp Beggar's- ticks 87

Blueberry 70

Buttercup 43

Dewberry 52

Dock 36

Hickory 31

Loosestrife 64

Maple 59

Milkweed 73

Persicaria 35

Pink 70

Red Currant 48

Rose 52

Saxifrage 48

White Oak 32 Sweet Alyssum 46

Birch 32

Cicely 67

Clover 54

Fern 31

Flag 23

Gale 31

Gale Family 31

Scabious 88

Vernal Grass 10

White Violet 62

William 38

William Catchfly 39 Sweetbrier 52 Sweet-scented Bed- straw 82

White Water Lily 40 Sycamore 49 Symphoricarpos 83 Symphytum 75 Symplocarpus 23 Syringa 72 Tacamahac 29 Taenidia 68 Tall Anemone 41

Blue Lettuce 90

Buttercup 42

Cinquefoil 51

Cone-flower 90

Crowfoot 42

Green Orchis 28

Hairy Agrimony 49

Hairy Golden-rod 92

Meadow Rue 43

Oat Grass 10

White Aster 86

White Lettuce 90

Wild Nettle 34

Wormwood 86 Taller Fescue 12 Tamarack 6 Tanacetum 92 Tansy 92

Common 92 Tape Grass 9 Taraxacum 92 Tare 55

Tartarian Honey- suckle 83 Taxaceae 6 Taxus 6 Teaberry 69 Tea, Labrador 69

Mexican 36

New Jersey 60 Tear-thumb, Arrow- leaved 36

Halberd-leaved 35 Tendril Creeper 60 Ternate Grape Fern 4 Teucrium 78 Thalictrum 43 Thimbleberry 52 Thimble-weed 90 Thin Grass 10 Thin-leaved Sun- flower 89 Thistle, Bull 88

Canada 88

Common 88

Common Sow 92

Field Sow 92

Plumed 88

Plumeless 87

Russian 37

Sow 92

Spiny-leaved Sow 92

Star 87 Thlaspi 47 Thorn Apple 78

122

INDEX

White 49 Trillium 26

Thorny Amaranth 37 Nodding 26 Thoroiighwort 88 Painted 26

Three-leaved Solomon's Purple 26 Seal 26 White 26

Three-seeded Mercury 57Triosteum 83

Thuja 7

Thyme, Basil 77 Thymelaeaceae 64 Thyme-leaved Sand- wort 38

Speedwell 80 Tiarella 48 Tick Trefoil 53 Tiger Lily 25 Tilia 61 Tiliaceae 61 Timothy 15 Tinker's Weed 83 Toad Rush 24 Toadflax 79

Bastard 34 Tobacco, Indian 84

Ladies' 85 Tomatillo 78 Tomato, Husk 78

Strawberry 78 Toothache Tree 56 Toothed Arrow-wood 83 Toothwort 45

Cut-leaved 45

Large 45

Two-leaved 45 Touch-me-not Family 60

Pale 60

Spotted 60 Tower Mustard 44 Tragopogon 92 Trailing Arbutus 69 Traveler's Joy 41 Treacle Mustard 46 Tree Club Moss 5

Cranberry 83

Nettle 33

Plane 49

Rowan 51

Staff 58

Toothache 56 Trefoil 55

Showy Tick 53

Tick 53 Trembling Poplar 30 Trichostema 78 Trientalis 72 Trifolium 55

Triple-awned Grass 10

Trisetum 16

Triticum 16

True Forget-me-not 75

Trumpet Weed 88

Tsuga 7

Tuberous White Water

Lily 40 Tufted Loosestrife 71 Tumble Mustard 46

Weed 37 Tupelo 68 Turnip 45

Indian 23

Wild 23 Turtlehead 79 Tussilago 92 Twayblade 28, 29

Heart-leaved 29

Large 28 Twin-flower 82 Twisted Whitlow- grass 46 Twisted-stalk 26 Two-leaved Miter- wort 48

Pepper-root 45

Solomon's Seal 25

Toothwort 45 Typha 7 Typhaceae 7 Ulmus 34 Umbelliferae 66 Upright Bindweed 73

Goosefoot 37 Urtica 34 Urticaceae 33 Utricularia 80 Uvularia 26 Vaccinium 70 Valerian 84

Family 84 Valeriana 84 Valerianaceae 84 Vallisneria 9 Vanilla Grass 13 Velvet Leaf 61

glass 84 Veratrum 26 Verbascum 80 Verbena 75 Verbenaceae 75 Veronica 80 Vervain 75

Blue 75

Family 75

White 75 Vetch 55

Blue 55

Common 55

Milk 53

Slender 55 Vetchling 54

Cream-colored 54 Viburnum 83 Vicia 55 Vinca 73 Vine, Allegheny 44

Common Matri- mony 78

Family 60

Love 73

Matrimony Viola 62 Violaceae 62 Violet 62

Canada 62

Dog 62

Dog's-tooth

Downy Yellow 63

Early Yellow 63

Family 62

Lance-leaved 63

Long-spurred 63

Marsh Blue 62

Round-leaved 63

Sand 62

Smooth Yellow 63

Sweet White 62

White 63

Woolly Blue 63 Viper's Bugloss 74 Virginia Creeper 60'

Chain Fern 3 Virginian Cowslip 75 Virgin's Bower 41 Vitaceae 60 Vitis 60 Wake Robin 26 Waldsteinia 53

78

25

Velvet-leaf Blueberry 70Walking Leaf 2 Venus's Looking- Walnut 31

INDEX

123

Family 31

White 31 Wartweed 57 Water Arum 23

Avens 50

Beech 32

Cress 46

Hemlock &6

Hemp 37

Horehound 76

Lily 40

Lily Family 40

Marigold 87

Milfoil 65

Milfoil Family 65

Nymph 40

Oats 16

Parsnip 68

Pennywort 67

Pepper 35

Plantain 9

Plantain Family 9

Purslane 65

Rice 16

Shield 40

Smartweed 35

Star Grass 24

Starwort 57

Starwort Family 57

Willow 64 Waterleaf 74

Family 74 Water-weed 9 Wavy-leaved Aster 87 Waxwork 58 Weak Spear Grass 15 Weed, Bugle 75, 76

Carpet 38

Cut-leaved Bugle 76

Jamestown 78

Jimson 78

Joe Pye 88

Silver 50

Tinker's 83

Trumpet 88

Tumble 37 Wheat 16

Cow 79 W^hite Ash 72

Avens 50

Baneberry 40

Beak Rush 22

Bent Grass 10

Birch 32

Bog Orchis 28

Campion 38

Cedar 7

Clover 55

Daisy 87

Elm 34

Fringed Orchis 28

Golden-rod 91

Grass 13

Lettuce 90

Maple 59

Melilot 54

Mulberry 33

Oak 32

Pine 7

Poplar 29

Snakeroot 88

Spruce 6

Sweet Clover 54

Thorn 49

Trillium 26

Vervain 75

Violet 63

Walnut 31

Willow 30

Wood Aster 86 White-grained Moun- tain Rice 14 White-heart Hickory Whiteweed 87 Whitlow-grass 46

Twisted 46 Whorled Loosestrife

Mallow 61

Mint 76

Pogonia 29 Wicky 69 Wicopy 64 Wild Allspice 43

Balsam-apple 84

Bean 53

Bergamot 76

Black Cherry 51

Black Currant 48

Broom Corn 15

Calla 23

Carrot 67

Chamomile 90

Chess 11

Clematis 41

Coffee 83

Columbine 41

Comfrey 74

Cranesbill 56

Cucumber 84

Elder 66

Ginger 34

Iris 27

Leek 25

Lettuce 90

Lily of the Valley 25

Liquorice 82

Lupine 54

Madder 82

Mint 76

Morning Glory 73

Oat Grass 11

Orange-red Lily 25

Parsnip G7

Peppergrass 46

Plum 51

Raisin 83

Red Cherry 51

Red Raspberry 52

Rice 16

Rye 12

Sarsaparilla 66

Strawberry 50

Turnip 23

Yellow Lily 25 Willow 30

Beaked 30

Black 30 31 Bog 30

Crack 30

Family 29

Glaucous 30 71 Heart-leaved 30

Prairie 30

Purple 30

Pussy 30

Sand-bar 30

Shining 30

Silky 30

Slender 30

Water 64

White 30 Willow-herb 64

Great 65

Northern 64

Purple-leaved 65 Wind Flower 41 Winter Cress 44 Winterberry 58 Wintergreen 70

Aromatic 69

Bog 70

Chickweed 72

Flowering 57

Greenish-flowered 70

One-sided 70

124

INDEX

Round-leaved 70 Wire Grass 15 Witch Hobble 83 Witch-hazel 49

Family 49 Withe-rod 83 Wood Anemone 41

Betony 79

Chess 11

Fern 1

Grass 16

Horsetail 5

Lily 25

Nettle 33

Reed Grass 11

Rush 24

Sage 78

Sorrel 56

Sorrel Family 56

Strawberry 50 Woodbine 60 Woodland Agrimony

Sunflower 89 Woodsia 3

49

Blunt-lobed 3

Rusty 3 Woodwardia 3 Wool Grass 22 Woolly Blue Violet 03

Sweet Cicely 67 Worm-seed Mustard 46 Wormwood 86

Roman 85

Tall 86 Xanthium 93 Yarrow 85

Common 85 Yellow Adder's Tongue 25

Avens 50

Bartonia 72

Birch 32

Clintonia 25

Clover 55

Cress 46

Daisy 90

Dock 36

Foxtail 16

Iris 27

Melilot 54

Myrtle 71

Nut Grass 21

Oak 33

Pimpernel 68

Pond Lily 40

Puccoon 42

Rocket 45

Sweet Clover 54

Water Crowfoot 42

Wood Sorrel 56 Yellow-barked Oak 33 Yew 6

American 6

Family 6 Zanthoxylum 56 Zea 16 Zig-zag Clover 55

Golden-rod 91 Zizania 16 Zizia es

i

■^3

^>hr N. MANCHESTER, INDIANA