.-^ Bulletin ioo iooc THE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION OF THE COLORADO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE FLORA OF COLORADO BY P. A. RYDBERG, Ph.D. UBRARY NEW YORK BOTANICAL GAP/. FN PUBLISHED BY THE EXPERIMENT STATION FORT COLLINS, COLORADO 1906 C.3 Press of The new Era Printing COMPANy Lancaster, Pa. The Agricultural Experiment Station FORT COLLINS, COLORADO THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE TERM EXPIRES Hon. p. F. SHARP, President Denver 1907 Hon. HARLAN THOMAS Denver 1907 Hon. JAMES L. CHATFIELD Gypsum 1909 Hon. B. U. DYE Rocky Ford 1909 Hon. B. F. ROCKAFELLOW Canon City 1911 Hon. EUGENE H. GRUBB Carbondale 1911 Hon. a. a. EDWARDS Fort Collins 1913 Hon. R. W. CORWIN Pueblo 1913 Governor JESSE F. McDONALD, | ^ . President BARTON O. AYLESWORTH. J '-'-^^''°- A. M. HAWLEY, Secretary EDGAR AVERY, Treasurer EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE IN CHARGE P. F. SHARP, Chairman. B. F. ROCKAFELLOW. A. A. EDWARDS STATION STAFF L. G. CARPENTER, M.S., Director Irrigation Engineer C. P. GILLETTE, M.S Entomologist W. P. HEADDEN, A.M., Ph.D Chemist W. PADDOCK, M.S Horticulturist W. L. CARLYLE, M.S Agriculturist ■G. H. GLOVER, B.S., D.V.M Veterinarian W. H. OLIN, M.S Agronomist R. E. TRIMBLE, B.S Assistant Irrigation Engineer F. C. ALFORD, M.S Assistant Chemist EARL DOUGLASS, M.S Assistant Chemist S. ARTHUR JOHNSON, M.S Assistant Entomologist B. O. LONGYEAR, B.S Assistant Horticulturist J. A. McLEAN, A.B., B.S. A Animal Husbandman E. B. HOUSE, B.S Assistant Irrigation Engineer A. H. DANIELSON Assistant Agriculturist P. K. BLINN, B.S Field Agent, Arkansas Valley, Rocky Ford E. R. BENNETT, B.S Potato Investigations Western Slope Fruit Investigations, Grand Junction : O. B. WHIPPLE, B.A Field Horticulturist ESTES P. TAYLOR, B.S Field Entomologist OFFICERS President BARTON O. AYLESWORTH, A.M., LL.D. L. G. CARPENTER, M.S Director A. M. HAWLEY Secretary MARGARET MURRAY Stenographer and Clerk CONTENTS. Preface ix Introduction x Key to the Orders xvi Subkingdom Pteridophyta Order i. Ophioglossales Family i. Ophioglossaceae Order 2. Filicales Family 2. Polypodiaceae Order 3. Salviniales 5 Famijy 3. Marsileaceae 5 Order 4. Equisetales 5 Family 4. Equisetaceae 5 Order 5. Isoetales 5 Family 5. Isoetaceae 5 Order 6. Lycopodiales 6 Family 6. Lycopodiaceae 6 7. Selaginellaceae 6 Subkingdom Spermatophyta 7 Class I. Gymnospermae 7 Order 7. Pinales 7 Family 8. Pinaceae 7 9. Juniperaceae 9 Order 8. Gnetales 10 Family 10. Ephedraceae 10 Class 2. Angiospermae 11 Subclass I. Monocotyledones i r Order 9. Pandanales it Family 11. Typhaceae 11 12. Sparganiaceae 11 Order 10. Naiadales 12 Family 13. Zanichelliaceae 12 14. Naiadaceae 13 Order 11. Alismales 13 Family 15. Scheuchseriaceae 14 16. Alismaceae 14 Order 12. Hydrocharitales 15 Family 17. Elodiaceae IS Order 13. Poales IS Family 18. Poaceae 15 19. Cyperaceae 57 Order 14. Arales 74 Family 20. Araceae 74 21. Lemnaceae 74 Order 15. Xyridales 75 Family 22. Commelinaceae 75 23. Pontederiaceae 75 Order 16. Liliales 7^ Family 24. Melanthaceae 7^ 25. Juncaceae 77 26. Alliaceae 81 VI CONTENTS. 27. Liliaccae 82 28. Convallariaceae 83 29. Dracacnaccae 85 30. Calochortaceae 85 31. Trilliaceae 86 32. Smilaceae 86 Order 17. Amaryllidales 86 Family 33. Ixiaceae 86 Order 18. Orchidales 87 Family 34. Orchidaceae 87 Subclass 2. Dicotyledones 91 Order 19. Salicales 91 Family 35. Salicaceae 91 Order 20. Fagales 96 Family 36. Betulaceae 96 Z7- Corylaceae 97 38. Fagaceae 97 Order 21. Urticales 99 Family 39. Urticaceae 99 40. Cannabinaceae lOO 41. Ulmaceae 100 Order 22. Santalales 100 Family 42. Loranthaceae 100 43. Santalaceae 101 Order 23. Folygonales loi Family 44. Polygonaceae loi Order 24. Chenopodiales 113 Family 45. Chenopodiaceae 113 46. Amaranthaceae 120 47. Corrigiolaceae 121 48. Allioniaceae 122 49. Tetragoniaceae 124 50. Portulacaceae 125 51. Alsinaceae 127 52. Caryophyllaceae 132 Order 25. Ranales 134 Family 53. Ceratophyllaceae 134 54. Ranunculaceae 134 55. Nymphaeaceae 147 56. Berberidaceae 148 Order 26. Papaverales 148 Family 57. Papaveraceae 148 58. Fumariaceae 149 59. Brassicaceae 150 60. Capparidaceae 168 Order 27. Resales 169 Family 61. Crassulaceae 169 62. Saxi f ragaceae 170 63. Parnassiaceae i/S 64. Hydrangeaceae 175 65. Grossulariaceae 176 66. Rosaceae 178 67. Malaceae 191 68. Amygdalaceae 193 69. Mimosaceae 193 70. Cassiaceae 194 71. Fabaceae 194 Order 28. Geraniales 217 Family 72. Geraniaceae 218 'J2)- Linaceae 219 CONTENTS. vii 74. Oxalidaceae 220 75. Zygophyllaceae 220 76. Rutaceae 221 Order 29. Polygalales 221 Family TJ. Polygalaceae 221 Order 30. Euphorbiales 221 Family 78. Euphorbiaceae 222 79. Callitrichaceae 225 Order 31. Sapindales 225 Family 80. Limnanthaceae 225 81. Spondiaceae 225 82. Celastraceae 226 83. Aceraceae 226 Order 32. Rhamnales 227 Family 84. Frangulaceae 227 85. Vitaceae 228 Order ZZ- Malvales 229 Family 86. Malvaceae 229 Order 34. Hypericales 231 Family 87. Elatinaceae 231 88. Frankeniaceae 231 89. Hypericaceae 231 90. Cistaceae 232 91. Violaceae 232 Order 35. Opuntiales 234 Family 92. Loasaceae 234 93. Cactaceae 237 Order 36. Thymeliales 239 Family 94. Elaeagnaceae 239 Order 37. Myrtales 240 Family 95. Lythraceae 240 96. Epilobiaceae 240 97. Gunneraceae 248 Order 38. Umbellales 249 Family 98. Hederaceae 249 99. Cornaceae 249 100. Ammiaceae 250 Order 39. Ericales 258 Family loi. Monotropaceae 258 102. Pyrolaceae 258 103. Ericaceae 259 104. Vacciniaceae 260 Order 40. Prinulales 261 Family 105. Primulaceae 261 Order 41. Oleales 264 Family 106. Oleaceae 264 Order 42. Gentianales 264 Family 107. Gentianaceae 264 108. Menyanthaceae 268 Order 43. Asclepiadales 269 Family 109. Apocynaceae 269 1 10. Asclepiadaceae 270 Order 44. Polemoniales 271 Family 1 1 1. Cuscutaceae 272 1 12. Convolvulaceae 273 113. Polemoniaceae 274 1 14. Hydroleaceae 281 115. Heliotropaceae 284 116. Boraginaceae 284 VI 11 CONTENTS. 1 1 ". Verbenaceac 294 118. Lamiaccac 294 1 19. Solanaccae 300 120. Rhinanthaccae 304 121. Pinguiciilaceae 319 122. Orobanchaceae 319 123. Martyniaceae 320 Order 45. Plantapjinales 320 Family 124. Plantaginaceae 320 Order 46. Rubiales 321 Family 125. Rubiaceae 321 126. Caprifoliaceae 323 127. Adoxaceae 324 Order 47. Campanulales 325 Family 128. Cucurbitaceae 325 129. Campanulaceae 325 130. Lobeliaceae 326 Order 48. Valerianales 326 Family 131. Valerianaceae 326 Order 49. Carduales 327 Family 132. Ambrosiaceae 327 133. Carduaceae 329 134. Cichoriaceae 402 Summary 412 Gazetteer of Localities Mentioned 417 Index 431 PREFACE It was not the original intention of the Experiment Station to prepare and publish a work on the Flora of Colorado. The con- ditions of the State, the character of the flora, which is so different from that of the east, forced the necessity of collections and the study of local flora by the botanists of the Agricultural College and Experiment Station from the very first. The economic study of Colorado plants, especially the search for those which might be adapted to arid conditions, increased this necessity. Opportunity was furnished by collections of grasses and forest products for the World's Fair, and occasion was always taken when trips were made for any purpose, to obtain additional specimens. In the course of time the collection became so extensive that unless put in form for publication the time and expense involved would be lost, and the work which had been done would be of little service to us, and of none to the public in general. Some systematic collection was done by Professor James Cassidy, Professor of Botany (1881-1889), in the intervals of his many duties, up to the time of his death in 1889. His successor, Professor C. S. Crandall, gave much time to the work, especially after the establishment of the experimental grass station in cooperation with the U. S. Department of Agriculture. This afforded occasion and opportunity for trips in search of promising species of native grasses. Subsequent collections, especially of forest products and grasses for the World's Fair in 1893, gave rise to further collecting trips to various parts of the State. Enthusiastic aid was given by Mr. J. H. Cowan, an energetic and promising student, who became Professor of Horticulture and Botany upon the resignation of Professor Crandall, but whose promising career was terminated by death before he had entered upon the active duties of the position. By this time the collection was of considerable size, had been in- creased by exchanges, and represented much time and expense. A great many calls came for information, and it was at first thought to publish only a list of the plants which were represented in our own collection. The pressing demands and many duties, as well as the lack of facilities, made it difficult for Professor Paddock KJV X PREFACE. to undertake the coiiipletioii of the work, and this was rendered un- necessary by the fortunate arrangement with the New York Bot- anical Garden, by which Dr. Rydberg took our collection for naming, and undertook the preparation of the Flora for publication. With the facilities of the Garden and the cordial aid given by Dr. Britton and Dr. Rydberg, and the special knowledge of Rocky Mountain Botany of Dr. Rydberg, it became possible to make this include much more than our own collection, which had been the original idea. The unrivaled and almost exhaustive collections accessible to them, the completeness of the knowledge of Dr. Rydberg, have made this a much more extensive and consequently much more valuable work than was originally designed. It therefore includes the work of nearly all collectors from the earliest times, and may be considered an exhaustive list of the plants at present known in Colorado. The extent of the service may be recognized when it is stated that while our own collection numbered about 1,400 plants, this Flora includes 2,912, a number greater than is known for any other State except California. The amount of work involved in its preparation, sup- plying keys to the genera and families, and the completeness of the work speak for themselves. Acknowledgment should also be gratefully given to the State Board of Agriculture, and especially to Hon. P. F. Sharp, President of the Board, without whose assistance, encouragement and financial aid it would not have been possible for the Station to consider the completion and publication of a work of such magnitude. At one time it was proposed to lessen the expense by issuing a part of the edition as a College bulletin at a fixed price, but the Board took the liberal view that the saving would not compensate for the other dis- advantages and that the generous friendliness of the State would jus- tify the special effort in putting this at the service of those needing it, and thus the Station is enabled to issue the Flora as one of its bulletin series. It is believed that the publication will be of use to all systematic botanists, to the schools of the State, to those inter- ested in the economic study of Colorado plants, as well as to all those interested in the fascinating Flora of the Plains and Mountains of Colorado. It is a necessary step in the systematic and economic study of our plants. The preparation of the copy, keys and index has all been assumed by Dr. Rydberg, and also the laborious task of reading the proof. In addition the proof has been read by Professor Paddock and by the undersigned, but in the latter case attention was directed prin- cipally to the places and elevations. L. G. Carpenter. NTRODUCTION. In 1901, Professor L. G. Carpenter wrote to Dr. N. L. Britton, director-in-chief of the New York Botanical Garden, inquiring if anybody connected with the Garden would be willing and had time to complete the determinations of the botanical collections accumu- lated at the Agricultural College at Fort Collins, especially during the time Professor C. S. Crandall was professor of Botany at that institution. As the author was well acquainted with the flora of the Rocky Mountain region, Dr. Britton referred the matter to him and at the same time gave him permission to undertake the work provided proper arrangements were made. After some corre- spondence with Professor Carpenter and Professor W. Paddock, such agreements were made as to make it possible not only to under- take this work but also to prepare a catalogue for publication. The work has taken more time than was expected at first, partly because it had to be done mostly in the spare time from the author's official duties at the museum of the Botanical Garden, and partly because the author could not always secure the help he expected in the more mechanical work of recording the localities. The printing has also been delayed a good deal, and has been interrupted a few times for various reasons, so the work appears in print about a year later than was expected. The catalogue is mainly based on the collections of the Agricul- tural College at Fort Collins, mentioned above, and the herbaria at the New York Botanical Garden. Some additional records have been secured from other sources, as for instance, the National Her- barium at Washington, the Gray Herbarium at Harvard University and the herbarium of the College of Pharmacy of the City of New York. The author has also consulted the various publications on the flora of Colorado. The most important of these are : T. C. Porter and J. M. Coulter, Synopsis of the Flora of Colorado ; J. M. Coulter, Manual of the Botany of the Rocky Mountain Region; T. S. Brandegee, Flora of South-western Colorado ; Alice Eastwood, Flora of Denver and Vicinity; John Torrey's report on E. James' collection in Long's Expedition; Asa Gray's reports on the collec- tions of C. C. Parry, E. Hall and Harbour ; Professor E. L. Greene's various publications in Pittonia, Plantae Bakerianae and Leaflets xu IXIRODUCTION. and the publications of Professors T. S. P.randegee. Aven Nelson and M. E. Jones, Mr. G. E. Osterhout and Miss Alice Eastwood in the Botanical Gazette, Bulletin of the Torrcv Botanical Club, Zoe, Erythea and the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. The author has tried to verify the records referring to Colorado plants given in these publications. Some of these records have been jiroven crrono<^us. In some cases the specimens were wrongly determined, in others the stations at which they were collcted are not within the present boundaries of the state of Colorado. Of course, all such species have been excluded from this catalogue. The author has also excluded a few more, which he thought should be included in the same category, although he has not been able to prove them erroneously referred to the flora of Colorado, as for instance Californian, Mexican, or Alleghanian species, accredited to Colorado but not to the intervening states. He has also been forced by circumstances to exclude a score or so species recently described from Colorado, but wholly unknown to the author. Not being able to include them in his '' keys " and being uncertain whether the descriptions really characterize new and valid species or merely represent redescriptions of old ones, he thought it best to leave them out until more information could be had. At first it was suggested that a catalogue should be prepared similar to the author's Catalogue of the Flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park. After some consultation with Professor Carpenter, it was agreed that the publication would be of more value to the plant lovers of Colorado, if some characterization of the plants could be given. A descriptive botany or so-called manual was out of question. The author would not have time to prepare such a one within a reasonable time and the College did not have funds available to pay for the cost of preparing it. The author had already begun the work on a botany of the whole Rocky Mountain region. He was preparing the " keys " first, leaving the main descriptive work to be done later. Some of these keys were already made, and he hoped to have most of them ready by the time the catalogue was ready to go to print. It would not take much more work to abstract from these keys the parts referring to the Colorado genera and species, than to cite a number of refer- ences to descriptions as was done in the Flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park. The author showed Professor Carpen- ter a catalogue prepared in this way, viz.. Dr. T. C. Porter's Flora of Pennsylvania. This was taken as a model, except that the locali- INTRODUCTION. xiii ties as given on the labels should be recorded instead of merely the counties. A gazetteer explaining the localities is given as an appen- dix. This was partly prepared by the author, but completed, cor- rected and revised at Fort Collins, principally by Mrs. L. G. Carpenter. As stated before, the keys were mainly abstracted from those of the author's larger work in preparation, i. e., as far as these were made. As the Manual will be a purely scientific work, the keys are perhaps drawn in a more technical style than desirable in a catalogue to be used principally by the local and the amateur botanists of Colorado and by tourists. To reconstruct the keys would involve too much extra labor. Besides it is hard or rather impossible to use only plain English without losing the fine shades of distinctions which can be expressed by more technical words. For example, the only purely English word for the technical words : " villous," " floccose," " pannose," " tomentose," " tomentulose," etc., is " woolly." The measurements in the keys are given in the metric system, a system now used by nearly all the scientific departments of the United States Government and of most colleges and universities of this country. In the English system formerly used in descriptive botany, etc., the inch was divided into 12 lines. It is very hard to find a ruler now-a-days with this division, while rulers with the metric system are to be had nearly everywhere. For those un- familiar with this system, the following comparative table is given. The equivalents are near enough for all practical purposes : I mm. = 2-'- inch. i line == 2 mm. 3 mm. = y^ inch. y^ inch = 3 mm. I cm. =^ inch. i inch =25 mm. or 2^ cm. 5 cm. =^ 2 inches. i span = i dm. I dm. = 4 inches. i foot = 3 dm. I m. ^40 inches (nearly) or i yard = 9 dm. 3^ foot. 1,000 ft. ^300 m. The altitudes were also given in meters, but they were changed into feet by the request of Professor Carpenter, who claimed that the people of Colorado, for whom principally the work is prepared, as a rule think of altitudes in feet only. As the United States Land- Office has not as yet adopted the metric system as their standard, the altitudes may just as well be given in feet. This statement is XIV INTRODUCTIOX. made to explain why two different standards are used in the same work. The altitudes are those at which the different species grow witiiin the state of Colorado, so far as records show. Many of the plants which grow at an altitude of 14,000 feet in Colorado, grow at sea-level along the arctic coast. The nomenclature used is in principle agreeing with the so-called American Code adopted at a meeting in Philadelphia, printed in the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club in May, 1904, and submitted to the International Botanical Congress at Vienna last summer, with a few modifications resulting from a compromise with the European botanists. This code as modified is now followed by a majority of the leading systematic botanists in this country. The fundamental principle underlying is that the selection of generic as well as specific names should always be governed by the priority of publication. The European botanists have adopted this principle as far as specific names are concerned, but most of them are not yet willing to apply the same rules to generic names. In the older publications on the Rocky Mountain flora the so-called Kew Rules were adhered to, which after all gave very little consideration to priority. Many of the names in this catalogue will be unfamiliar to some of its users, but in most cases the old names are given as synonyms in italic and also in the index. In the index there has been inserted also a few common names not given in the text followed by the equivalent latin generic name in parenthesis. Most of these are local names un- known to the author before they appeared in a recent publication on western botany. With regard to generic limitations, the author belongs to that radical school which believes in small genera with closely related species rather than in larger ones with a heterogeneous mass of diflferent groups of plants having relatively little relationship to each other. Many of the older genera have therefore been divided. The division of genera as well as species has gone perhaps a little further than many would think advisable, but the author has tried to be con- sistent in his work. The author has not published any new species or genera in this work. He has also tried to avoid the publishing of new names or new combinations of names. Anything that had not been published before, the author has endeavored to publish in the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club while the catalogue was being set in type. The reasons for so doing are the following : ( i ) The publication of technical descriptions should be limited to technical books and peri- INTRODUCTION. xv odicals ; (2) in this catalogue there could not very well be given a fuller synonymy with citations of places of publication, nor fuller discussions, which are always desirable and often necessary for clearness sake; (3) if the diagnoses of new species had been inter- polated here and there, the uniformity of the catalogue would have suffered. As it is, the Flora is the result of much labor and stands as a brief index of the present knowledge of the flora of the state. In its present form, the author hopes that it will be valuable for the pur- pose for which it was prepared, viz., as a record of the higher vegeta- tion of the state of Colorado as far as known to-day and as a guide and help to those interested in its flora. Whatever shortcomings there may be, the author hopes will be forgiven. The technical sys- tematist will undoubtedly find many facts omitted which he would expect to find in a " Flora of Colorado." From the summary given after the catalogue it can be seen that the higher vegetation (fern worts and flowering plants) of Colorado comprises over 700 genera and 2,900 species, a number sur- passed only by California and perhaps by Florida out of all states in the Union. The largest families are Carduacecc or the Composites proper, with 568 species or about igy2% of the flora; Poacece or grasses, 267 species or 9% ; Fabacece or Pea Family, 185 or 63^% ; BrassicaccE 144, Rhinanthacece 106, Cyperacece loi, Polygonacece 94, Ranitnculacecc 92, and Rosacea: 89 species, or between 3% and 4%, etc. Just as remarkable as the large number of species of Compo- sites (about y^ of the whole flora), is the small number of Pterido- phytes. The ferns proper are only 25, to which are to be added 15 other fernworts. The same may be said of the Gymnosperms, only 20 in number. The author has had the help of several specialists in certain groups. Professor L. AI. Underwood has prepared the manuscript of the Pteridophyta, and ]\Ir. H. D. House that of the family Violacecc. Mr. G. V. Nash has given valuable assistance in the grasses. The account of the Polygonacece was written in conjunction with Dr. J. K. Small. Dr. Theodor Holm has characterized the groups and species of Carex and listed the specimens of that genus, while the author prepared the key to the groups. Mr. S. H. Burnham, Mr. H. D. House and Mr. W. W. Eggleston have assisted in listing the localities and Mrs. William Mitchell in copying the keys. P. A. Rydberg. New York Botanical Garden, New York, March, 1906. KEY TO THE ORDERS. Subkingdom PTERIDOPHYTA. Plants without flowers or seeds, but producing spores each of which, on germination, develops into a flat or an irregular prothallium. The prothallia bear the reproductive organs (antheridia and archegonia). As a result of the fertilization of an egg in the archegonium by a sperm produced in the antheridium a fern or an allied plant is developed. Page. Leaves broad entire or dissected. (Fern-like plants.) Spores of one kind, minute, borne in sporangia. Vernation straight or inclined ; eusporangiate, the sporangia ringless, leathery, opening by a transverse slit, arranged in spikes or panicles. Order i. Ophioglossales. i Vernation circinate ; leptosporangiate, the sporangia membranous, pro- vided with a ring which opens elastically. Order 2. Filicales. i Spores of two kinds, minute microspores and larger macrospores, borne in sporocarps ; leaves filiform or quadrifoliate. Order 3. Salviniales. 5 Leaves scale-like or awl-like. (Moss-like or rush-like plants.) Sporangia in an apical cone, borne under peltate scales : stems hollow, rush-like. Order 4. Equisetales. s Sporangia in the axils of small or leaf-like bracts : stems solid. Leaves awl-like, often much elongated, borne on a short corm-like cau- dex : aquatic plants. Order 5. Isoetales. s Leaves narrow or scale-like, flat, borne on erect or creeping stems : ter- restrial plants. Order 6. Lycopodiales. 6 Subkingdom SPERMATOPHYTA. Plants with flowers which produce seeds. Microspores (pollen-grains) borne in microsporangia (anther-sacs) develop each into a tubular prothal- lium; a macrospore (embryo-sac) develops a minute prothallium, and to- gether with the macrosporangium (ovule) in which it is contained, ripens into a seed. Ovules and seeds borne on the face of a bract or a scale : stigmas wanting. Class I. Gymnosperm^e. 7 Ovules and seeds in a closed cavity (ovary) : stigmas present. Class 2. Angiosperm.s;. i i I. Gymnospermae. Staminate and pistillate flowers both in aments ; perianth none ; trees or shrubs with needle- or scale-like leaves. Order 7. Finales. 7 Staminate flowers in aments ; pistillate ones single or in pairs ; perianth present, urnshaped ; ours horsetail-like shrubs with jointed branches and leaves reduced to sheathing scales. Order 8. Gnetales. 10 xviii KEY TO THE ORDERS. 2. Angiospermae. Cotyledon i: stem endogenous. Subclass i. Monocotyledones. m Cotyledons normally 2: stem exogenous (with rare exceptions). Subclass 2. DicoTYLEDONES. 91 I. Monocotyledones. Perianth rudimentary or degenerate, its members often bristles or mere scales, not corolla-like, or wanting. Flowers not in the axils of dry or chaffy bracts (scales or glumes). Perianth of bristles or chaffy scales. Order 9. Pandanales. ii Perianth fleshy or herbaceous, or wanting. Fruit baccate; endosperm present. Order 14. Arales. 74 Fruit drupaceous; endosperm wanting. Order 10. Naiadales. 12 Flowers in the axils of dry or chaffy, usually imbricated, bracts (scales or glumes). Order 13. Poales. 15 Perianth of 2 distinct series, the inner series usually corolloid. Gynoecium of distinct carpels. Order 11. Alismales. 13 Gyncecium of united carpels. Endosperm mealy. Order 15. Xyridales. 75 Endosperm fleshy, horny or cartilaginous. Ovary and fruit superior. Order 16. Liliales. 76 Ovary and fruit wholly inferior or half-inferior. Endosperm present and usually copious ; flowers regular ; andrce- cium not reduced. Order 17. Amaryllidales. 86 Endosperm wanting. Flowers regular, monoecious or dioecious : aquatic plants. Order 12. Hydrocharitales. 15 Flowers irregular, perfect : terrestrial or epiphytic plants. Order 18. Orchidales. 87 2. DiCOTYLEDONES. A. Corolla wanting. I. Calyx wanting, at least in the staminate flowers. Herbs. Order 30. Euphorbiales. 221 Trees or shrubs. Fruit I -seeded: seeds without tufts of hairs. Fruit a nut or an achene. Corylaceas in Order 20. Fagales. 96 Fruit a drupe or a samara. Oleaces in Order 41. Oleales. 264 Fruit many-seeded: seeds each with a tuft of hairs. Order 19. Salicales. 91 II. Calyx present at least in the staminate or in the perfect flowers. 1. Flowers, at least the staminate, in aments, or ament-like spikes; fruit a nut or an achene. Order 20. Fagales. 96 2. Flowers, at least the staminate, not in aments. a. Ovary superior. Gyncecium of i or several and distinct carpels : stigma and style of each solitary. Carpel solitary. Ovary neither enclosed nor seated in a hypanthium or a calyx- tube. Flowers not solitary in the axils of the leaves ; land plants. Urticacese in Order 21. Urticales. 99 Flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves ; aquatic plants. Ceratophyllacea: in Order 25. Ranales. 134 Ovary enclosed in or seated in a hypanthium or a calyx-tube. Stamens borne under the gynoecium. Allioniaceae in Order 24. Chenopodiales. 122 Stamens borne on the hypanthium or adnate to the calyx- tube. Order 36. Thymeleales. 239 Carpels several. KEY TO THE ORDERS. xix Stamens inserted below the ovary. Families in Order 25. Ranales. 134 Stamens inserted on the edge of a cup-shaped hypanthium. Families in Order 2"]. Rosales. 169 Gynoecium of 2 or several united carpels ; stigmas or styles 2 or several. Ovary, by abortion, i-celled and i-ovuled. Leaves with sheathing stipules (ocreae). Order 23. Polygonales. ioi Leaves estipulate, or if stipules are present they are not sheathing. Trees or shrubs ; ovary not seated in a hypanthium. Ulmacese in Order 21. Urticales. 100 Herbs or vines. Stipules herbaceous : inflorescence spicate or racemose : leaf-blades palmately veined. Cannabinaceae in Order 21. Urticales. 100 Stipules scarious or hyaline or none ; inflorescence cy- mose : leaf-blades pinnately veined. Families in Order 24. Chenopodiales. 113 Ovary several-celled, or with several placentae, several-ovuled. Stamens hypogynous, inserted under the gynoecium in the per- fect flowers, not on a disk in the pistillate flowers. Flowers perfect. Stamens not tetradynamous. Stamens 2 ; inflorescence spicate. Besseya in Order 44. Polemoniales. 313 Stamens 3-10; inflorescence cymose. Order 24. Chenopodiales. 113 Stamens tetradynamous. Brassicaceae in Order 26. Papaverales. 150 Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Euphorbiaceae in Order 30. Euphorbiales. 22Z Stamens perigynous or epigj'nous, inserted on the margin of a hypanthium or a disk. Fruit a samara. Aceraceae in Order 31. Sapindales. 226 Fruit drupe-like or berry-like. Order 32. Rhamnales. 227 b. Ovary inferior. Flowers not in involucrate heads. Fruit a berry or a drupe, or nut-like. Stamens as many as the perianth-members and alternate with them, or fewer. Tetragoniaceae in Order 24. Chenopodiales. 124 Stamens as many as the perianth-members and opposite them, or twice as many. Families in Order 37. Myrtales. 240 Fruit a capsule. Sepals as many as the ovary-cavities or one-half as many. Order 37. Myrtales. 240 Sepals (4-5) at least twice as many as the ovary-cavities. Styles 2-$ ; leaves alternate. Saxifragaceae in Order 27. Rosales. 170 Styles solitary ; leaves opposite. Glaux in Order 40. Primulales. 264 Flowers, at least the staminate, in involucrate heads. Ambrosiaceae in Order 49. Carduales. 327 B. Corolla present. L Petals distinct, at least at the base. I. Carpels solitary, or several and distinct, or united only at the base. Stamens at the base of the receptacle, i. e., hypogynous. XX KEY TO THE ORDERS. Plants with relatively firm stems and leaves, not succulent. Order 25. Ranales. 134 Plants with succulent stems and leaves. Crassulace.T in Order 27. Rosales. 169 Stamens on the margin of a hypanthium (the hypanthium very small in some Saxifragaceae). Order z-j. Rosales. 169 2. Carpels several and united, a. Ovary superior. t Stamens inserted at the base of the ovary or receptacle. § Stamens niunerous. Sepals imbricated. Calyx deciduous. Order 26. Papaverales. 148 Calyx persistent. Styles or stigmas distinct or united, but not discoid ; land plants. Capparidaces in Order 26. Papaverales. 168 Styles or stigmas united into a disk ; aquatic plants ; petals and sepals numerous. Nymphaeaceae in Order 25. Ranales. 147 Sepals valvate ; stamens with united filaments. Order 33. Malvales. 229 §§ Stamens few, not over twice as many as the petals. Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them. Anther-sacs opening by hinged valves. Berberidacese in Order 25. Ranales. 148 Anther-sacs opening by slits. Flowers monoecious. Order 30. Euphorbiales. 221 Flowers perfect. Portulacaceae in Order 24. Chenopodiales. 125 Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or more, sometimes twice as many. Stamens 6 : petals 4 : sepals 2 or 4. Families in Order 26. Papaverales. 148 Stamens, petals and sepals of the same number, or stamens more, usually twice as many as the sepals or petals. Ovary i -celled. Ovules, or seeds, on basal or central placentae. Families in Order 24. Chenopodiales. 113 Ovules, or seeds, on parietal placentae. Stamens with united filaments and no staminodia. Order 33. Malvales. 229 Stamens with distinct filaments. Staminodia present. Parnassiaceae in Order 27. Rosales. 175 Staminodia wanting. Families in Order 34. Hypericales. 231 Ovary several-celled. Stamens adnate to the gynoecium. Asclepiadaceae in Order 43. Asclepi.^iDales. 270 Stamens not adnate to the gynoecium. Stamens with wholly or partly united filaments. Anthers opening lengthwise. Families in Order 28. Geraniales. 217 Anthers opening by pores. Order 29. Polygalales. 221 Stamens with distinct filaments. Anthers opening by pores. Families in Order 39. Ericales. 258 Anthers opening by slits. Stigmas or styles distinct and cleft, or foliaceous, or united by pairs. Order 30. Euphorbiales. 221 Stigmas or styles all distinct or all united, neither cleft nor foliaceous. KEY TO THE ORDERS. xxi Stamens 2. Order 41. Oleales. 264 Stamens more than 2. Ovule solitary in each carpel. Styles distinct ; ovule pendulous. Families in Order 28. Geraniales. 217 Styles united ; ovule erect or ascending. Limnanthaceje in Order 31. Sapindales. 225 Ovules 2 or more in each carpel. Order 34. Hvpericales. 231 tt Stamens inserted on the margin of a disk or hypanthium (peri- gynous or hypogynous). Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them. Styles and ujjper part of the ovaries distinct ; ovules and seeds many. Saxifragaceae in Order 27. Rosales. 170 Styles united, ovules and seeds solitary or 2. Order 32. Rhamnales. 227 Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or more. Styles distinct; upper part of the ovaries distinct, at least at maturity. Saxifragaceae in Order zj. Rosales. 170 Styles united. Hypanthium flat or obsolete : disk fleshy. Plants without secreting glands in the bark. Order 31. Sapindales. 225 Plants with secreting glands in the bark. Rutaceae in Order 28. Geraniales. 221 Hypanthium cup-shaped or campanulate : disk obsolete or in- conspicuous. Order zi- Myrtales. 240 b. Ovary inferior. Stamens numerous. Hypanthium not produced beyond the ovary. Ovary partly inferior. Hydrangiaceae in Order 27. Rosales. 170 Ovary wholly inferior. Order 35. Opuntiales. 234 Hypanthium produced beyond the ovarj'. Families in Order 37. Myrtales. 240 Stamens not more than twice as many as the petals. Styles wanting ; stigmas sessile. Gunneracese in Order Z7- Myrtales. 248 Styles present. Styles distinct. Ovules several in each cavity of the ovary ; fruit a capsule or a fleshy many-seeded berry. Fruit, if dehiscent, valvate. Families in Order 2-]. Rosales. 169 Fruit circumscissile. Portulacacese in Order 24. Chenopodiales. 125 Ovules solitary in each cavity of the ovary ; fruit a drupe or 2-5 more or less united achenes. Order 38. Umbell.^les. 249 Styles united, or single. Plants without tendrils. Ovary enclosed in or surpassed by the hypanthium or ad- nate to it. Ovules solitary in each cavity of the ovary. Order 38. Umbellales. 249 Ovules several in each cavity. Ovary with parietal placentae. Loasaceae in Order 35. Opuntiales. 234 Ovary with central or basal placentae. Families in Order 37. Myrtales. 240 Ovary exceeding the hypanthium, the top free. Hydrangiaceae in Order 27. Rosales. 175 xxii KEY TO THE ORDERS. riaiils with tendrils ; fruit a pepo ; leaf-blades palmatcly veined. Cucurhitacex in Order 47. Cami'anulales. 325 II. Petals more or less united. Ovary superior. Stamens free from the corolla. Gyna-cium of a single carpel. Families in Order 2"]. Rosales. 169 Gyna'ciuni of several united carpels. Filaments united. Stamens diadelphous. Fumariaceae in Order 2(>. Papaverales. 149 Stamens monadelphous. Anther-sacs opening by slits. Oxalidacex in Order 28. Geraniales. 220 Anther-sacs opening by pores. Calyx and corolla very irregular. Order 29. Polvgalales. 221 Calyx and corolla regular. Families in Order 39. Ericales. 258 Filaments distinct. Families in Order 39. Ericales. 258 Stamens partially adnate to the corolla. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and opposite them, or twice as many or more; ovary i-celled; placenta: central or basal. Order 40. Primulales. 261 Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them, or fewer. Corolla not scarious, veiny ; fruit various, but not a pyxis. Carpels distinct, except sometimes at the apex. Order 43. Asclepiadales. 269 Carpels united. Ovary i -celled, with central placentae. Order 42. Ge.ntia.nales. 264 Ovary 2-3-celled, or falsely 4-celled, or if i -celled with parietal placentje. Order 44. Polemoniales. 271 Corolla scarious, veinless ; fruit a pyxis. Order 45. Plantaginales. 320 Ovary inferior. Stamens with the filaments free from the corolla. Stamens 10; anther-sacs opening by terminal pores or chinks. Vacciniaceae in Order 39. Ericales. 260 Stamens 5 or fewer ; anther-sacs opening by longitudinal slits. Order 47. Campanulales. 325 Stamens adnate to the corolla. Ovary with 2-many fertile cavities and 2-many ovules ; calyx un- modified, at least not a pappus. Plants tendril-bearing. Cucurbitacea; in Order 47. Campanulales. 325 Plants not tendril-bearing. Ovules mostly on basal placentae ; plants parasitic. Order 22. Saxtalales. 100 Ovules variously borne, but not on a basal placenta ; plants not parasitic. Order 46. Rubiales. 321 Ovary with one fertile cavity. Flowers not in heads, often in head-like spikes or racemes. Order 48. Valerianales. 326 Flowers in involucrate heads. Order 49. Carduales. 327 FLORA OF COLORADO. Subkingdom PTERIDOPHYTA. Fern-worts. Order i. OPHIOGLOSSALES. Family i. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE I'resl. Addfr's-Tongue Family. I. BOTRYCHIUM Sw. Moon wort. Plant large, the sterile leaf ternately decompound, sessile at the middle of the stem. I. B. virginianum. Plant small ; the leaf under s cm. long. Leaf triangular, sessile near the top of the stem. 2. B. lanceolainm. Leaf oval, slightly stalked from near the middle of the stem or lower. 3. B. Lunarta. 1. Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. Rich woods, N. S. to Labr., B. C. and Wash, to Texas and Fla. — Arkansas Canon {Brandegec). 2. Botrychium lanceolatum (S. G. Gmel.) Angs. In woods, N. J. and N. S. to Alaska and Wash. — " Colorado." 3. Botrychium Lunaria (L.) Sw. In open places, Newf. to Alaska and Utah : rare. — Alt. about 12,000 ft. — Gray's Peak. Order 2. FILICALES. Family 2. POLYPODIACEAE R. Br. Fern Family. Sori round, or at least less than twice as long as broad. Sori naked. Leaves jointed to the rootstock. simply pinnate. i. Polypodium. Leaves continuous with the rootstock, ternately compound. 2. Phegopteris. Sori covered with a membranous indusium when young. Indusium superior. Indusium circular fixed by the center. 3. Polystichum. Indusium heart-shaped or reniform fixed by the sinus. 4. Dryopteris. Indusium inferior or lateral. Indusium inferior, breaking at maturity into stellate lobes. 5. WOODSIA. Indusium lateral, thrown back at maturity like a delicate hood. 6. FiLix. 1 1 2 POLYPODIACEAE. Sori linear or oblong, at least twice as long as broad. Sori marginal. Indusium present formed of the recurved leaf margin. Indiisiuni double, the inner membranous one opening outwardly; leaves large, scattered. /. Ptkridium. Indusium single. Leaves dimorphous, the sporophyls contracted and more or less pod- like. 8. CRYI'TOnUAMMA. Leaves uniform or nearly so. Leaves chaffy or tomentose, the ultimate segments small and bead- hke. 9. Cheii.antiiks. Leaves smooth with dark polished stalks ; segments broader. 10. Pei.laica. Indusium wanting; under surface (in the Colorado species) with white pow- der; rachises zigzag. 11. Northolaena. Sori dorsal, oblique to the midribs or rachises, covered with a special in- dusium. Leaves pinnate or pinnately compound. Sori straight. 12. Aspi.enium. Sori curved, often crossing the veins ; indusia occasionally horseshoe- shaped. 13- Athvrium. Leaves dichotomous, the divisions few and narrow ; small rock-loving plants of the mountains. 14- Bei.visia. I. POLYPODIUM L. Polypody. I. Polypodium hesperium Maxon. [P. vulgare of western botanists.] On rocks, Mont, to B. C, Wash., Colo, and Ariz.— Alt. about 8500 ft.— Red Moun- tain road, south of Ouray. 2. PHEGOPTERIS Fee. Beech-Fern. I. Phegopteris Dryopteris (L.) Fee. In moist-rocky places; Newf. to Alaska, Ore., Colo, and Va. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Green Mountain Falls. 3. POLYSTICHUM Roth. Holly-Fern. I. Polystichum Lonchitis (L.) Roth. On rocks, Arctic America to N. S., Calif, and Colo. — Alt. 8500-10,000 ft. — Ruby; Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; Fish Creek Falls, Routt Co. 4. DRYOPTERIS Adans. Male-Fern, Wood-Fern. I. Dryopteris Filix-mas (L.) Schott. On rocks, N. S. to northern Mich., Alaska, Calif., Ariz, and Colo.— Alt. 6000-8500 ft. — Red Mountain road, south of Ouray ; Horsetooth Mountain ; Caiion City ; Rist Canon. 5. WOODSIA R. Br. Teeth of young leaves coarse, not ciliate. Stalks and pinnules covered with minute flattened hairs. i. W. scopidina. Stalks and pinnules smooth. 2. W. oregana. Teeth of young leaves fine, ciliate at the tips. 3- ^- mexicana. I. Woodsia scopulina D. C. Eaton. On exposed rocks, Mich, to B. C, Calif., Ariz, and Colo. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — North Cheyenne Caiion; vicinity of Arthur's Rock; Boulder; Horsetooth Gulch; gulch west of Soldier Canon; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; South Boulder Caiion. POLYPODIACEAE. 3 2. Woodsia oregana D. C. Eaton. On exposed rocks, northern Mich, to B. C, CaHf., Ariz, and Neb. — Alt. 4000-11,500 ft. — Hills about Box Canon, west of Ouray; Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; Cheyenne Canon; Horsetooth Mountain; North Cheyenne Canon; hills south of La Veta; Par- lin, Gunnison Co. ; Alpine Tunnel. 3. Woodsia mexicana Fee. Foot-hills from Colo, and Ariz, to Mex. — Alt. 7500-9500 ft. — Manitou ; South Cheyenne Caiion ; Colorado Springs ; Chey- enne Mountain ; Ouray. 6. FILIX Adans. Bladder-Fern. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 2-3-pinnate. i. F. fragilis. Leaves broadly triangular, 3-4-pinnate. 2. F. montana. 1. Filix fragilis (L.) Underw. [Cystopteris fragilis Bernh.] On moist rocks, Newf. and Labr. to Alaska, Calif., Ariz, and Ga. — Alt. 5000-13,000 ft.— Horsetooth Mountain; Crystal Creek; near Ouray; Red Mountain, south of Ouray ; Upper La Plata River ; near Pagosa Peak ; Cheyenne Caiion ; Steam- boat Springs; Minnehaha; Sierra Blanca; gulch west of Bear River; Par- lin, Gunnison Co.; Lake City; Pike's Peak; Rist Caiion; Horsetooth Gulch; Michigan ; Leroux Creek ; Howe's Gulch ; Silverton ; Mount Garfield. 2. Filix montana (Lam.) Underw. On rocks. Lab. and Que. to B. C. and Colo. — Alt. about 10,500 ft. — Mt. Antero, Saguache Range. 7. PTERIDIUM Scopoli. Bracken. I. Pteridium aquilinum pubescens Underw. [Pteris aquiliua of western botanists.] On poor soil in open places, Mont, to Calif., Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 8500-10,000 ft. — Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; near Pagosa Peak; Bosworth's ranch ; Rabbit-Ear Range. 8. CRYPTOGRAMMA R. Br. Parsley-Fern. Leaves 3-4-pinnatifid, densely cespitose ; texture firm. i. C. acrostichoides. Leaves 2-3-pinnatifid, scattered ; texture flaccid. 2. C. Stelleri. 1. Cryptogramma acrostichoides R. Br. On loose rocks, Lake Superior to Alaska, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 8500-11,500 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak; Mt. Hes- perus ; Estes Park, Larimer Co. ; West Spanish Peak ; Twin Lakes ; Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; Clear Creek; Fish Creek Falls, Routt Co. 2. Cryptogramma Stelleri (S. C. Gmel.) Prantl. [Pellaea gracilis Hook.] On moist rocks, Labr. and Pa. to Colo, and Alaska. — Alt. 7500-9500 ft. — Cafions west of Ouray. 9. CHEILANTHES Sw. Lip-Fern. Leaves hairy or tomentose, not scaly. Stalks covered with woolly hairs when young, at length nearly smooth. I. C. Feci. Stalks and rachises with narrow lanceolate scales. 2. C. Eatoni. Leaves covered beneath with imbricated scales, not tomentose. 3. C. Fendleri. 4 FOLVI'ODIACRAI",. 1. Cheilanthes Feci Moore. [C. lanuginosa Nutt.] On dryish rocks, 111. and Minn, to B. C, Ariz, and Tex. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Trail Glen; Ute Pass; West Indian Creek ; North Cheyenne Canon ; Colorado Springs ; Canon City. 2. Cheilanthes Eatoni Baker. On rocks, Ariz, to Colo, and Texas. — Alt. about 5800 ft. — .\rkansas Canon. 3. Cheilanthes Fendleri Hook. On dry rocks, Texas to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 5000-8500 ft. — Horsctooth Mountain ; Cheyenne Canon ; Green Moun- tain Falls; Glen Eyrie; Boulder; Arkansas Canon; Manitou. 10. PELLAEA Link. Rock-Brake. Simply pinnate ; texture thin ; pinnae obtuse, narrower when fertile. I. P. Breweri. Bi — tri-pinnate ; texture coriaceous. Pinnae obtuse or barely acute. 2. P. atropiirpurca. Pinnae mucronulate. 3. P. Wrightiana. 1. Pellaea Breweri D. C. Eaton. On rocks, Mont., Ore. and Calif. — Re- ported from Colorado, but exact locality not given. 2. Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link. On rocks, New England to B. C, southward to Ga., Texas and Ariz. — Alt. about 7500 ft. — Box Caiion, Ouray. 3. Pellaea Wrightiana Hook. On rocks, Kans. to Texas and Calif. — Canon City. II. NOTHOLAENA R. Br. Cloak-Fern. I. Notholaena Fendleri Kunze. On exposed rocks, Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-9500 ft. — Cheyenne Caiion, base of Pike's Peak; Queen's and William's Caiions ; Arkansas 'Caiion ; Colorado Springs ; Ute Pass ; Clear Creek Cafion, at Dumont ; South Cheyenne Canon ; between La Veta and Gardner; La Veta; Bergen Park. 12. ASPLENIUM L. Spleen wort. Leaves simply pinnate. Rachis chestnut brown or blackish. Pinnae 2-2 cm. long, auriculate on the upper side at base. 1. A. platyneuron. Pinnae i cm. long, obliquely oval, not auriculate at base. 2. A. Trichomancs. Rachis green ; pinnae ovate-rhomboidal, oblique at base. 3. A. viride. Leaves bipinnate. 4- A- Andrewsii. 1. Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes. [A. ebeneum Aiton] On rocks, Me. to Fla., Tex., N. M. and Colo. — Green Horn Mountains {Greene). 2. Asplenium Trichomanes L. On limestone rocks, quite generally east of the Rocky Mountains. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — South Boulder Cafion ; Horsetooth Mountain ; Horsetooth Gulch. 3. Asplenium viride Huds. On rocks, N. Br. and Vt. to Alaska, Ore. and Wyo. — Reported from Colorado, but exact locality not given. 4. Asplenium Andrewsii A. Nelson. Sandstone cliff, in Colo. — Boulder Creek. 13. ATHYRIUM Roth. Lady-Fern. I. Athyrium Filix-foemina (L.) Roth. In moist, shady places, Newf. to B. C, Calif, and Fla.— Alt. about 9000 ft.— Near Pagosa Peak; Fish Creek Falls, Routt Co. POLYPODIACEAE. 5 14. BELVISIA jNIirb. 1. Belvisia septentrionalis (L.) Mirb. (Asplenium septentrionale Hoffm.) On rocks, S. D. to Mont., N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-6500 ft. — Horsetooth Mountain ; South Boulder Canon ; Arkansas Caiion. Order 3. SALVINIALES. Family 3. MARSILEACEAE R. Br. Mahsilia Family. I. MARSILEA L. I. Marsilea vestita Hook. & Grev. Wet, sandy soil. Ark. and Tex. to Calif., B. C. and S. D.— Saguache (IVolf). Order 4. EQUISETALES. Family 4. EQUISETACEAE Michx. Horsetaii. Family. I. EQUISETUM L. Horsetail. Stems annual, copiously branching. Spike-bearing stems pale, soon withering ; sheaths of branches 4-toothed. I. E. arvense. Spike-bearing stems withering at apex, producing branches below ; sheaths of branches 3-toothed. 2. E. pratense. Stems perennial, evergreen ; branches few. Stems smoothish, 14-30-furrowed. 3. E. laevigatum. Stems roughened, s-io-furrowed. 4. E. variegatum. 1. Equisetum arvense L. In sandy places, Greenl. and Va. to Calif, and Alaska. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Fort Collins; Ouray; West Indian Creek; Mancos; Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; Hotchkiss. 2. Equisetum pratense Ehrh. Along streams, N. So. to N. J., Colo, and Neb. — Alt. up to 10,500 ft. — Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus. 3. Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. Moist places, N. J. to Tex., B. C. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-12,500 ft. — Gunnison; Parlin; Ft. Collins; West Spanish Peak; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Wahatoya Creek; Trimble Springs; Mancos ; Grand Junction. 4. Equisetum variegatum Schleich. In sandy soil, Arctic America to N. Y. and Nev. — Clear Creek, near Denver {Coulter). Orders. ISOETALES. Family 5. ISOETACEAE Horan. Quillwort Family. 1. ISOETES L. Quillwort. Stomata wanting ; leaves 40-60, rigid ; microspores whitish, papillose. 1. /. paupercula. Stomata present ; leaves 5-25, soft ; microspores deep brown, spinulose. 2. /. Bolanderi. I. Isoetes paupercula (Engelm.) A. A. Eaton. [/. occidentalis Henderson, /. lacustris paupercula Engelm.] In lakes, always submerged; Colo, to Calif., Wash, and Ida.— Grand Lake, Middle Park. (» ISOETACEAE. 2. Isoetes Bolanderi Engclm. In ponds, Mont, to Wash., Colo, and Calif. — " Western Colorado." Order 6. LYCOPODIALES. Spores uniform, minute. Family 6. Lycopodiaceae. Spores of two sorts, minute microspores and larger macrospores. Family 7. Selaginellaceae. Family 6. LYCOPODIACEAE Michx. Cluhmoss Family. I. LYCOPODIUM L. Club-Moss, Running Pine. I. Lycopodium annotinum L. In open places in forest, Mass. and Newf. to Colo., Wash, and Alaska. — Alt. 9000-10,500 ft. — Beaver Creek; Estes Park; Front Range, Larimer Co. ; Notch Mountain. Family 7. SELAGINELLACEAE Underw. Selaginfxla Family. I. SELAGINELLA Beauv. Little Club-Moss. Stems rooting at base only ; spikes thick, with lax bracts ; macrospores spinulose. I. S. selaginoides. Stems rooting their entire length ; bracts rigid. Leaves without bristles at the ends ; stems slender, wiry. 2. 5". mutica. Leaves with distinct terminal bristles. Stems short, compact ; leaves light green, crowded, with long terminal bristles. 3. 5". densa. Stems long, loosely spreading ; leaves dark green, lax, with short terminal bristles. 4. S. Underzcoodii. 1. Selaginella selaginoides (L.) Link. In open places in high mountains, Labr. and northern N. Y. to Alaska and Colo. Exact locality not given. 2. Selaginella mutica D. C. Eaton. On rocks, N. M. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 6000-6500 ft. — Idaho Springs ; South Cheyenne Canon ; North Chey- enne Canon ; Royal Gorge. 3. Selaginella densa Rydb. (S. Engelmanni Hieron.) On exposed rocks, S. D. and western Neb. to Mont, and Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — The Rustic, Larimer Co. 4. Selaginella Underwoodii Hieron. (S. rupcstris Fendleri Underw.) On exposed rocks, N. Mex. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-7500 ft. — North Cheyenne Canon; Minnehaha; Pike's Peak; South Cheyenne Cafion; Boulder; foot- hills near Ft. Collins; Manitou. Subkingdom SPERMATOPHYTA Seed-bearing Plants. Class 1. GYMNOSPERMAE. Order 7. FINALES. Carpellary scales with bracts, never peltate ; ovules inverted ; buds scaly ; wing accompanying the seed a portion of the carpellary scale ; cones dry. Fam. 8. Pinaceae. Carpellary scales without bracts, in ours fleshy and peltate ; ovules erect ; buds naked ; wings of the seed (if present) a portion of the testa ; cones in ours berrylike. Fam. 9. Juniperaceae. Family 8. PINACEAE Lindl. Pine Family. Leaves usually several together, surrounded by a sheath at the base : cones maturing the second year. Cone-scales with dorsal, (in ours) spine-armed appendages. Seeds with elongated wings, these free from the scales and attached to the seeds when these fall. i. Pinus. Seeds with rudimentary wings, these adnate to the scales when the seeds fall. 2. Carvopitys. Cone-scales with inconspicuous terminal, unarmed appendages ; wing of the seed rudimentary. 3. Apinus. Leaves solitary, without sheath ; cones maturing the first year. Branchlets rough from the prominent, persistent leaf-bases (sterigmata) ; leaves in ours quadrangular in cross-section ; cones pendulous with per- sistent scales. 4. PicEA. Branchlets smooth, the leaf-scars scarcely raised ; leaves flat. Cones pendulous ; their scales persistent on the axis ; leaves petioled, with transversely oval scars. 5. Pseudotsuga. Cones erect ; their scales deciduous from the axis ; leaves sessile with cir- cular scars. 6. Abies. I. PINUS L. Pines. Leaves in fascicles of 4 or 5 ; spines of the cone-scales long and slender. 1. P. aristata. Leaves in fascicles of 2 or 3 ; spines of the cone-scales short and stout. Cones 6-9 cm. long and 5-6 cm. in diameter; leaves 8-15 cm. long. 2. P. scopulorum. Cones 3-5 cm. long and 3 cm. in diameter ; leaves 3-6 cm. long. 3. P. Murrayana. 1. Pinus aristata Engelm. Foxtail Pine, Hickory Pine. Rocky and gravelly mountains from Colo, to Nev., southern Calif, and Ariz. — Alt. 8500- 12,500 ft.— Mt. Garfield ; Seven Lakes ; Como ; Veta Pass ; Pike's Peak ; Mid- dle Park; Gray's Peak. 2. Pinus scopulorum (Engelm.) Lemmon. Bull Pine, Rocky Mountain Yellow Pine. Hills and mountains from Nebr. to Mont., Ariz, and N. M. — .S PINACEAE. Alt. 5ooo-io,(XX) ft. — Mountains, Veta Pass; Mancos; Ouray; Minnehaha; Georgetown ; Horsetooth Mountain. 3. Pinus Murrayana Oreg. Com. Lodge Pole Pine, Black Pine. Hills and mountains from Mont, to Alaska, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.^ Mountains near Veta Pass; Pallas and Sydney; Dillon; Mount Ouray; Breckenridge; Cipango; Baxter's ranch; North Park; Como. 2. CARYOPITYS Small. Pinons, Nut Pines. Cones about 3 cm.; leaves usually in pairs, seldom in threes, i. C. edulis. Cones 4-5 cm. ; leaves singly or rarely in pairs. 2. C. monophylla. 1. Caryopitys edulis (Engelm.) Small. (Pinus edulis Engelm.) Dry foot- hills and table-lands from southern Wyo. to western Texas, northern Mex., Ariz, and Utah. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Glen Eyrie; Cedar Creek; Red Rock Canon ; Mancos ; Salida ; Florence ; Manitou ; Buena Vista ; Grand Junction. 2. Caryopitys monophylla (Torr. and Frem.) Rydb. (Pinus monophylla Torr. and Frem.) Dry hills and mountain slopes from Utah to Calif, Lower California and Ariz. One specimen from Colorado seems to belong here. — Manitou. 3. APINUS Necker. Cembra Pines. 1. Apinus flexilis (James) Rydb. (Pinus flexilis James) Rocky Moun- tain White Pine. Mountains from Alb. to western Texas and southern Calif. — Alt. 7500-11,000 ft. — Clear Creek, Middle Park; Ojo; Graham's Park; North Park ; Minnehaha ; Beaver Creek ; Chambers Lake ; Manitou. 4. PICEA Link. Spruces. Branchlets pubescent; cones 3-5 cm. long. i. P. Engelmannii. Branchlets glabrous ; cones 5-9 cm. long. 2. P. Parryana. 1. Picea Engelmanni (Parry) Engelm. Engelm ann Spruce, White Spruce. Mountains, especially on the north sides, from Alb. to B. C, Ore., Ariz, and N. M. — Alt. 8500-12,500 ft. — ^Empire; Buffalo Pass, Park Range; Mount Baldy ; Wahat03'a Caiion ; Bob Creek, La Plata Mountains ; Grand Lake; Cameron Pass. 2. Picea Parryana (Andree) Sarg. (Picea pungens Engelm.) Blue Spruce, Colorado Spruce. Mountains especially along streams from Wyo. to Utah and N. M. — Alt. 6500-10,000 ft. — Empire; near Pagosa Peak; Crystal Park; Wahatoya Canon; Cameron Pass. 5. PSEUDOTSUGA Cam Douglas Spruce, Red Fir. I. Pseudotsuga mucronata (Raf.) Sudw. Douglas Spruce, Red Fir. Hills and mountains from Alb. to B. C, Calif., northern Mexico and western Texas. — Alt. 6000-11,500 ft. — Pagosa Peak; South Cheyenne Caiion; Colorado Springs; Como; State Bridge, Grand River; Boulder; Manitou; Minnehaha; Mancos ; Placer ; hills about Ouray ; Cameron Pass ; Pingree Hill ; Stove Prairie. PINACEAE. 9 6. ABIES Miller. Balsams, Firs. Resin ducts of the leaves within the soft tissue, remote from the epidermis. 1. A. lasiocarpa. Resin ducts of the leaves close to the epidermis on the lower side. 2. A. concolor. 1. Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Balsam Fir. Subalpine mountains from Alb. to Alaska, Ariz, and N. M. — Alt. 9500-12,500 ft. — West Spanish Peak; Grand Lakes; Empire; Andrew's ranch; Mt. Richtofen ; Cameron Pass. 2. Abies concolor Lindl. White Fir. Along streams in the mountains from Colo, to Ore., Calif, and N. M. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Wahatoya Cai'ion; Manitou ; Veta Mountain ; Bob Creek, west of La Plata ; Ouray. Family 9. JUNIPERACEAE Horan. Juniper Family. Leaves subulate on the mature branches ; aments axillary, the pistillate with smaller scales at the top. i. Juniperus. Leaves scalelike and appressed on the mature branches ; aments terminal, the pistillate with larger scales at the top. 2. S.\bin.\. I. JUNIPERUS L. Junipers. Low shrub with depressed branches ; leaves abruptly bent at the base, deeply channelled, abruptly acute. i. /. sibirica. Tree or erect shrub ; leaves straight or nearly so, shallowly channelled, gradually acuminate. 2. /. communis. 1. Juniperus sibirica Burgsd. Mountain or Low Juniper. Exposed rocky mountains and hills from Labr. to Alaska, Utah and N. Y. — Alt. 6500-10,000 ft^Pike's Peak; Colorado Springs; Empire; Marshall Pass; Golden; Little Beaver; near Veta Pass; Bob Creek, west of La Plata Mountains; Ouray; Grand Lake; between Sunshine and Ward; Ojo; Beaver Creek; Baxter's ranch; Trapper's Lake; Rist Cation. 2. Juniperus communis L. Juniper. Rocky hills and stony places from Lab. to Mont., N. M. and Ga.— Alt. 5000-8500 ft. — Minnehaha; Colorado Springs. 2. SABINA Haller. Red Cedars, Savins, Junipers. Fruit reddish-brown or bluish by a bloom, with dry-fibrous sweet flesh. I. 5". utahensis. Fruit blue or blue-black, rarely copper-colored, with juicy resinous flesh. Trees or erect shrubs ; fruit on straight peduncle. Leaves minutely denticulate at the apex ; fruit 5-7 mm. in diameter, usually i-seeded. 2. S. monosperma. Leaves entire ; fruit 4-5 mm. in diameter, usually several-seeded. 3. S. scopulorum. Prostrate shrub ; fruit on recurved peduncle. 4- -S"- prostrata. 1. Sabina utahensis (Engelm.) Rydb. {Juniperus califoniica utahensis Engelm.) On dry mountain slopes and table-lands from western Colo, to Nev., southeastern Calif, and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-10.000 ft. — State Bridge; Glen- wood Springs; Grand River Valley. 10 JUNIPERACEAE. 2. Sabina monosperma (Enpclm.) Rydb. {Jumpcriis occidetitalis tnono- spcrma Engolm.) Dry foot-hills and mesas from Colo, to Utah, Ariz., N. M. and northern Mexico. — Alt. 5500-7500 ft. — McCoy; Cedar Creek; La Veta; Mancos ; Owl Canon ; Rustic. 3. Sabina scopulonim (Sarg.) Rydb. {Juuipcrus scopulorum Sarg.) Rocky Mountain Red CED.^R. On foot-hills and river bluffs from Alb. to B. C, Ore., Ariz, and Texas. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft. — Colorado Springs; Golden; Garden of the Gods; Ouray: Durango; McCoy; State Bridge, Grand River; Kremmling; Eagle River, Walcott ; Boulder; Manitou; New Castle; Salida; Andrew's ranch ; Soldier Canon ; Rist Caiion ; Trinidad ; Owl Canon. 4. Sabina prostrata (Pers.) Antoine. Creeping Juniper, Trailing Savin. Exposed hills and slopes from N. S. to B. C, Colo, and N. Y. — Alt. 4000- 8500 ft. — North Cheyenne Canon ; Parlin ; Owl Canon. Order 8. GNETALES. Family 10. EPHEDRACEAE Diimort. Joint-fir Family. I. EPHEDRA Tourn. Joint-firs. Scales and branches opposite ; bracts opposite and connate, scarious only on the margins. i. E. antisyphylitica. Scales, branches and bracts in threes ; the latter scarcely connate ; those of the pistillate cones mostly scarious and more or less clawed. Scales 2-3 mm. long, not becoming shreddy ; fruit scabrous. 2. E. Torreyana. Scales 6-12 mm. long, becoming shreddy; fruit smooth. 3. E. trifurca. 1. Ephedra antisyphylitica E. A. Mey. On desert land from Colo, to Texas and Mex. — Mancos. 2. Ephedra Torreyana S. Wats. On desert lands to an altitude of 5500 ft. from Colo, and Utah to N. M. and Calif. — Deer Run. 3. Ephedra trifurca Torn On desert lands from southwestern Colo, and Utah to Texas and Ariz. — Mesa Verde; Las Animas Valley (Brandegee). Class 2. ANGIOSPERMAE. Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES. Order 9. PANDANALES. Flowers in elongated terminal spikes ; fruit hidden among bristles. Fam. II. Typhaceae. Flowers in globose lateral spikes ; fruit not hidden among bristles. Fam. 12. Sparganiaceae. Family 11. TYPHACEAE J. St. Hil. Cat-tail Family. I. TYPHA L. Cat-tails. I. Typha latifolia L. In marshes, lakes and streams from Newf. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. ; also Max., Asia and Europe. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Pagosa Springs ; Ft. Collins ; common in swamps formed by irrigation. Family 12. SPARGANIACEAE Agard. Bur-reed Family. I. SPARGANIUM L. Bur-reed. Leaves triangular-keeled at the base. Mature achenes truncate at the apex, stalked ; stigmas often 2. I. 5". eurocarpiim. Mature achenes acuminate at the apex, sessile ; stigma always solitary ; lower heads peduncled. 2. S. multipeduncidatum. Leaves flat throughout, mostly floating. Mature heads 12-15 mm. in diameter; style and stigma of about the same length as the achenes. 3. S. angustifoliuni. Mature heads 7-10 mm. in diameter; style and stigma shorter than the achenes. 4. 5". minimum. 1. Sparganium eurocarpum Engelm. In marshes and slov^r streams from Newf. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — Along Platte River, Denver. 2. Sparganium multipedunculatum (Morong) Rydb. {S. simplex multi- pedimculatum Morong) In marshes, slow streams and lakes, from the Mackenzie River to Wash, and Colo. — Alt. 6500-10,500 ft. — Gunnison ; Cot- tonwood Lake; Kremmling; West Cliff; margin of lake, Buffalo Pass, Park Range; Estes Park; eight miles west of Hebron. 3. Sparganium angustifolium Michx. In lakes and streams from Newf. to Ore., N. Y. and Calif. — Alt. 8500-11,500 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak; Seven Lakes; Trapper's Lake; Estes Park. 11 T-' ZANICHELLIACEAE. 4. Sparganium minimum Fries. In ponds and streams from N. B. to Alaska, N. Y. and Utah. — Grand Lake ; Estes Park. Order 10. NAIADALES. Gynoecium of distinct carpels ; stigmas disk-like or cup-like. Fam. 13. ZANICHELLIACEAE. Gynoecium of united carpels ; stigmas 2-4, slender. Fam. 14. Naiadaceae. Family 13. ZANICHELLIACEAE Dumort. Pond-weed Family. Flowers perfect in peduncled spikes ; ovaries sessile ; stamens 4 ; connective ap- pendaged. i. Potamogeton. Flowers monoecious, axillary ; anthers i ; connective not appendaged. 2. Zanichellia. I. POTAMOGETON L. Pond-weed. With both floating and submerged leaves. Submerged leaves bladeless. i. P. natans. Submerged leaves with proper blade. Submerged leaf-blades lanceolate. Submerged leaves all petioled. 2. P. lonchites. Submerged leaves sessile or the uppermost short-petioled. Peduncles of the same thickness as the stem. 3. P. alpinus. Peduncles thicker than the stem. 4. P. Zizii. Submerged leaves linear. • 5. P. heterophyllus. With submerged leaves only. Leaves with broad blades, lanceolate or oval, many-nerved. Leaves short-petioled or sessile, not clasping. 6. P. lucens. Leaves clasping. 7. P. Richardsonii. Leaves narrowly linear or capillary. Stipules free from the leaves. Glands at the base of the leaves absent. 8. P. foliosus. Glands at the base of the leaves present. 9. P. pusillus. Stipules adnate to the base of the leaves. Stigma broad, sessile. Leaves filiform, J-4-/4 mm. wide; stipular sheath 3-8 mm. long. 10. P. iiliformis. Leaves about i mm. wide ; stipular sheath 1-2 cm. long. 11. P. interior. Stigma capitate; style evident. 12. P. pectinatus. 1. Potamogeton natans L. In lakes and ponds from N. S. to Alaska, Fla. and Calif. ; also Mex., Europe and Asia. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Rio Grande, Alamosa ; Lee's Lake, Ft. Collins ; Larainie River near state line. 2. Potamogeton lonchites Tiickerm. In ponds and slow streams from N. B. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Alamosa. 3. Potamogeton alpinus Balbis. (P. rufescens Schrad.) In ponds from N. S. to Alaska, N. J. and Calif. — Alt. 8000-11,500 ft. — Georgetown; Tomichi River; Seven Lakes; Trappers Lake. ZANICHELLIACEAE. 13 4. Potamogeton Zizii M. & K. In lakes and streams from Que. to Ida., Fla. and Texas. — Cerro Summit. 5. Potamogeton heterophyllus Schreb. In still or flowing water from Lab. to B. C, Fla. and Calif. — -Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Near Boulder. 6. Potamogeton lucens L. In ponds and lakes, from N. Sc. to Fla. and Calif. — ^Cottonwood Lake. 7. Potamogeton Richardsonii (Bennett) Rydb. (P. pcrfoliatus lanccolatus Robbins) In lakes, ponds and slow streams from Newf. to Alaska, Del. and Calif.— Alt. about 8000 ft. — Tomichi River. 8. Potamogeton foliosus Raf. In streams and ponds from N. B. to B. C, Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — North Platte River, below Hebron; Grand River, Sulphur Springs; Platte River, Denver. 9. Potamogeton pusillus L. In slow streams and ponds from N. B. to B. C, N. C. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Base of Pike's Peak; Brantly Canon, Las Animas Co. ; Alamosa. 10. Potamogeton filiformis Pers. In ponds and lakes from Anticosti to B. C, N. Y. and Colo.— Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Twin Lakes; Walsenburg; Grand Lake. 11. Potamogeton interior Rydb. {P. niariiius occidcntalis Robbins) In lakes and slow streams from Alb. to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 6500-10.000 ft. — San Luis Valley; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; Tomichi River; Gunnison ; Hamor's Lake, Durango. 12. Potamogeton pectinatus L. In fresh, alkaline or salt water from N. B. to Alaska, Fla. and Low. Calif. — Alt. 4000-10.000 ft. — Twin Lakes; New Windsor; lake near Ft. Collins; Grizzly Creek; Trapper's Lake; Lee's Lake, Ft. Collins. 2. ZANICHELLIA L. Zanichellia. I. Zanichellia palustris L. In fresh and alkaline ponds and streams especi- ally with sandy bottoms from Mass. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. ; also in the Old World. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Ft. Collins; Platte River, Denver; stream twelve miles below Grand Lake; swamp along Poudre River. Family 14. NAIADACEAE Lindl. Naias Family. I. NAIAS L. Naias. I. Naias guadalupensis (Spreng.) Morong. In brackish and alkaline water from Kans., Nebr. to Ore., Fla. and Texas; Tropical America. — Lee's Lake, Ft. Collins. Order 11. ALISMALES. Petals similar to the sepals ; anthers long and narrow ; carpels coherent. Fam. 15. SCHEUCHSERIACEAE. Petals different from the sepals, in ours white ; anthers short and thick ; carpels not coherent. Fam. 16. Alismaceae. 14 SCHEUCHSERIACEAE. Family 15. SCHEUCHSERIACEAE Agardh. Arrow-cjkass Family. 1. TRIGLOCHIN L. Arrow-grass. Carpels 3 ; fruit linear-clavate, tapering to an awl-shaped base. i. T. paluslris. Carpels 6 ; fruit oblong or ovoid, obtuse at the base. 2. T. maritima. 1. Triglochin palustris L. In marshes from N. B. to Alaska, N. Y. and Colo. ; also in Europe and Asia. — Alt. 6500-10.000 ft. — Lake John, North Park; Tola; Hamor's Lake, north of Durango; Grizzly Creek; Como; South Park. 2. Triglochin maritima L. In marshes, especially those that are more or less alkaline or saline, from Lab. to Alaska, N. J. and Calif. — Alt. 6500-10,000 ft. — Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Doyle's; Trimble Springs, north of Durango; Gyp- sum, Eagle Co.; Tobe Miller's ranch; Steamboat Springs. Family 16. ALISMACEAE DC. Water-plaintain Family. Carpels in a ring on a flat receptacle. i. Alisma. Carpels spirally arranged in several series on a convex or globose receptacle. 2. Sagittaria. I. ALISMA L. Water-plantain. I, Alisma Plantago L. {A. brcvipes Greene) In water from Que. to Wash., Colo, and Low. Calif. ; also in Europe. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Cerro Summit; La Porte, Larimer Co.; La Plata River; Piedra; near the river, Ft. Collins ; Hubbard Creek, Delta Co. 2. SAGITTARIA L. Arrow-head. Basal lobes of the leaf-blades not longer than the blade proper. Beak of the achenes at a right angle to the body and of J4 its length or more ; bracts ovate. i. 5". latifolia. Beak of the achenes erect, very short. Bracts lanceolate, 8-20 mm. long; petiole comparatively short; blade sel- dom floating. 2. 5". arifolia. Bracts ovate-lanceolate, 4-6 mm. long ; petioles very long ; blades floating or none. 3- •S'. cuneata. Basal lobes of the leaf-blades 2-3 times as long as the blades proper. 4. S. longiloba. 1. Sagittaria latifolia Willd. In marshes and shallow water from N. B. to B. C. Fla. and Tex. — Lee's Lake, near Ft. Collins; along the river near Ft. Collins. 2. Sagittaria arifolia J. G. Smith. In shallow water and mud from Me., Sask., B. C. and IMich. to N. M. and Calif.— Alt. 4000-8500 ft.— Near Boulder; New Windsor, Weld Co.; North Cheyenne Canon; Alamosa; Kremmling; La Porte road, near Ft. Collins. 3. Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon. In lakes from Minn, to Sask., B. C. and Colo. — " Colorado." 4. Sagittaria longiloba Engelm. In shallow ponds from Kans. to Colo., Tex. and Sonora. — Exact locality not given. ELODIACEAE. 15 Order 12. HYDROCHARITALES. Family 17. ELODIACEAE Dumort. Tape-grass Family. I. PHILOTRIA Raf. Water-weed. Calyx over 2.5 mm. broad. i. P. angustifolia. Calyx less than 2 mm. broad. 2. P. minor. 1. Philotria angustifolia (Muhl.) Britton. In ponds and slow-flowing water from N. Y. to Sask., Ky. and Nev. — Alt. 4000-6500 ft. — Lee's Lake, Ft. Collins. 2. Philotria minor (Engelm.) Small. In ponds and slow-flowing streams from Me. to Minn., Wyo., Tenn. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Rio Grande; Alamosa; Lee's Lake. Order 13. POALES. Leaves 2-ranked ; their sheath with their margins not united ; stem mostly hollow ; fruit a grain. Fam. 18. Po.\ceae. Leaves 3-ranked ; their sheath with united margins ; stem solid ; fruit an achene. Fam. 19. CypERACEAE. Family 18. POACEAE R. Br. Grass Family. Spikelets falling from the pedicles entire, naked or enclosed in bristles or bur- like involucres, i -flowered, or if 2-flowered the lower flower staminate ; no upper empty glumes ; rachilla not extending above the upper glume. Spikelets round or somewhat compressed dorsally ; empty glumes manifest ; liilum punctiform. Flowering glume and palet hyaline, thin, much more delicate in texture than the empty glumes. Spikelets in pairs, one sessile and the other pedicellate. Tribe i. Andropogoneae. Spikelets not in pairs (Alopecurus, Polypogon, Cinna, etc.). Tribe 6. Agrostideae. Flowering glume, at least that of the perfect flower, similar in texture to the empty glumes, or thicker and firmer, never hyaline and thin. Flowering glume and palet membranous ; the first glume usually larger than the rest. Tribe 2. Zoysieae. Flowering glume and palet chartaceous to coriaceous, very different in color and appearance from the remaining glumes. Tribe 3. Panice.\e. Spikelets much compressed laterally ; empty glumes none or rudimentary ; hilum linear. Tribe 4. Oryzeae. Spikelets with the empty glumes persistent, the rachilla articulated above them, i-many-flowered ; frequently the upper glumes are empty ; rachilla often pro- duced beyond the upper glume. Spikelets borne in an open or spike-like panicle or raceme, usually upon dis- tinct pedicels. Spikelets i -flowered. Empty glumes 4 ; palet i-nerved. Tribe 5. Phalarideae. Empty glumes 2, rarely i ; palet 2-nerved (except in Cinna). Tribe 6. Agrostideae. Spikelets 2-many-flowered. Flowering glumes usually shorter than the empty glumes ; the awn dorsal and usually bent. Tribe 7. Aveneae. Flowering glumes usually longer than the empty ones ; the awn terminal and straight (rarely dorsal in Bromus) or none. Tribe 9. Festuceae. 16 POACEAE. Spikelets in two rows sessile or nearly so. Spikelets on one side of the continuous axis, forming one-sided spikes. Tribe 8. Ciiloriueae. Spikelets alternately on opposite sides of the axis, which is often articulated. Tribe lo. Hordeae. Tribe i. ANDROPOGONEAE. Racemes singly disposed ; apex of the rachis-internodes a translucent cup-shaped appendage. i. Schizachyrium. Racemes disposed in pairs or more ; apex of the rachis-internodes not appendaged. Rachis-internodes and pedicels sulcate, the median portion translucent, the mar- gins thickened. 2. Amphilophis. Rachis-internodes not sulcate. Some or all of the racemes sessile. 3. Andropogon. All of the racemes more or less peduncled. Pedicellate spikelets wanting. 4. Sorghastrum. Pedicellate spikelets present and usually staminate. 5. Sorghum. Tribe 2. ZOYSIEAE. Only one genus represented. 6. Hilaria. Tribe 3. PANICEAE. Spikelets naked, not involucrate. Empty glumes 2. Rachis produced beyond the upper spikelet ; spikelets narrow. jil. Spartina. Rachis not so produced; spikelets globose. 38. Beckmannia. Empty glumes 3. Empty glumes not awned. Spikelets in very slender i -sided racemes, which are usually whorled or approximate. 7. Syntiierisma. Spikelets in panicles or panicled racemes. Spikeles lanceolate, acuminate, long-hairy. 8. Trichachne. Spikelets orbicular or lanceolate ; if the latter, then glabrous. 9. Panicum. Empty glumes awned or awn-pointed. 10. Echinochloa. Spikelets involucrate. Involucre of numerous bristles. 11. Chaetochloa. Involucre of two spine-bearing valves. 12. Cenchrus. Tribe 4. ORYZEAE. Spikelets perfect ; empty glumes wanting or rarely rudimentary. 13. Homalocenchrus. Tribe 5. PHALARIDEAE. Third and fourth glumes empty, awnless. 14. Phalaris. Third and fourth glumes enclosing staminate flowers. 15. Savastana. Tribe 6. AGROSTIDEAE. Flowering glumes indurate when mature and very closely embracing the grain, or at least firmer than the empty glumes. Spikelets all perfect not in pairs. Flowering glume 3-awned. 16. Aristida. Flowering glume i-awned. Awn twisted and bent. i7- Stipa. Awn not twisted. POACEAE. 17 Flowering glumes broad ; awn deciduous. Flowering glumes glabrous, or pubescent with short appressed hairs. i8. Oryzopsis. Flowering glumes pubescent with long, silky hairs much exceeding the glume. 19. Eriocoma. Flowering glumes narrow ; glabrous or with short, appressed hairs ; the awn persistent. 20. Muhlenbergia. Spikelets in pairs, one perfect and the other staminate or sterile, in a spike- like panicle. 21. Lycurus. Flowering glumes usually hyaline or membranaceous at maturity ; at least more delicate than the empty ones ; grains loosely enclosed. Stigma sub-plumose (i. e., with short hairs all around), projecting from the apex of the nearly closed glumes. Inflorescence spike-like. Rachilla of the spikelets articulated above the empty glumes, which are therefore persistent. 22. Phleum. Rachilla of the spikelets articulated below the empty glumes, hence the spikelets deciduous entire. 23. Alopecurus. Inflorescence an open small panicle ; dwarf arctic-alpine plant. 24. PnippsiA. Stigma plumose, projecting from the sides of the spikelets ; inflorescence an open or spike-like panicle. Grain not permanently enclosed in the flowering scale and palet ; pericarp opening readily at maturity. Flowering glumes long-hairy on the veins. 25. Blepharineuron. Flowering glumes not long-hairy on the veins. 26. Sporobulus. Grain permanently enclosed in the flowering glume and the palet ; pericarp adherent. Spikelets readily falling off entire when mature. 27. Polypogon. Spikelets with the empty scales at least persistent. Palet i-nerved and i -keeled ; stamen i. 28. Cinna. Palet 2-nerved and 2-keeled or sometimes wanting; stamen 3. Flowering glumes naked at the base. 29. Agrostis. Flowering glumes with long hairs at the base. Flowering glume and palet thin-membranous. 30. Calam agrostis. Flowering glume and palet chartaceous. 31. Calamovilfa. Tribe 7. AVENEAE. Awn of the flowering glumes inserted dorsally below the teeth. Grain free, unfurrowed ; spikelets less than i cm. long. Flowering glumes erose-toothed or shortly 2-lobed at the apex. 32. Deschampsia. Flowering glumes 2-cleft or deeply 2-toothed at the apex ; teeth awn-pointed. Awn twisted and bent. 33. Trisetum. Awn if present not twisted, straight. 34. Graphephorum. Grain furrowed, adherent to the glumes ; spikelets exceeding i cm. in length. Ovary not crowned by a villous appendage. 35. Avena. Ovary crowned by a villous appendage (awned species of) 65. Bromus. Awn of the flowering glumes inserted between the teeth. 36. Danthonia. Tribe 8. CHLORIDEAE. Spikelets with perfect flowers. Spikelets with i (rarely 2) perfect flowers. Spikelets deciduous as a whole ; rachis articulated below the empty glumes. Rhachis produced above the upper spikelet ; spikelets narrow. 37. Spartina. Rhachis not produced beyond the upper spikelet ; spikelets globose. 38. Beckmannia. 1« POACEAE. Spikclets with at least the empty glumes persistent. Glumes above the perfect flower none ; spikes digitate, very slender. 39. SCHEDONARDUS. Glumes above the perfect flower i-several ; spikes scattered. Spikes 1-4, rarely more ; spikelets 25 or more. 40. Bouteloua. Spikes numerous, 12 or more; spikelets few, less than 12. 41. Atheropogon. Spikelets with 2-3 perfect flowers ; spikelets alternate. 42. Leptochloa. Spikelets dioecious; those of the two sexes very unlike. 43. Bulbilis. Tribe 9. FESTUCEAE. Flowering glumes, at least of the pistillate spikelets, 3-lobed and 3-awned ; plant dioecious. 44. Scleropogon. Flowering glumes entire or at most 2-lobed. Hairs on the rachilla or flowering glume very long and enclosing the latter. 45. Phragmites. Hairs, if any, on the rachilla and the flowering glume shorter than the glume. Stigmas barbellate on elongated styles ; spikelets in threes in the axils of spinescent leaves. 46. Munroa. Stigmas plumose, sessile or on short styles. Flowering glumes 1-3-nerved. Lateral nerves of the flowering glumes hairy. Flowering glumes deeply 2-lobed. Internodes of the rachilla long, often half as long as the flowering glume ; plants without stolons. 47. Tkiplasis. Internodes of the rachilla short, many times shorter than the glumes ; plants with long, arching stolons. 48. Dasyochloa. Flowering glume entire or slightly 2-lobed ; internodes of the rachilla short. Inflorescence a short congested raceme ; leaf-blades with thick car- tilaginous margins. 49. Erioneuron. Inflorescence a panicle ; leaf-blades not with cartilaginous margins. Panicle simple or compound ; the spikelets on pedicels of varying length. 50. Tridens. Panicles composed of long branches, along which the appressed spikelets are arranged on short pedicels. 51. Diplachle. Lateral nerves of the flowering glumes glabrous. Callus of the flowering glumes copiously pubescent with long hairs ; panicle open. 52. Redfieldia. Callus of the flowering glumes glabrous. Second empty glume similar to the first or nearly so. Panicle narrow, dense and spike-like, shining ; its branches erect. 53. Koeleria. Panicle open ; its branches spreading. Rachilla continuous (except in E. major) ; flowering glume de- ciduous ; palet persistent ; plants of dry soil. 54. Eragrostis. Rachilla articulated : flowering glumes and palet both deciduous with the rachilla-intcrnodes ; water plants with 2-flowered spikelets. 55. Catabrosa. Second empty glume very unlike the first one, broad at the summit. 56. Eatonia. Flowering glumes s-many-nerved. Spikelets with two or more of the upper glumes empty, broad and enfold- ing each other. 57. Melica. Spikelets with upper glumes flower-bearing or narrow and abortive. Stigmas placed at or near the apex of the ovary. Spikelets borne in one-sided fascicles which are arranged in a glom- erate or interrupted panicle ; flowering glumes herbaceous. 58. Dactylis. POACEAE. 19 Spikelets borne in panicles of racemes. Glumes more or less compressed and keeled. Spikelets cordate, large. 59. Briza. Spikelets not cordate. Plants dioecious ; flowering glume of the pistillate spikelets coriaceous ; palet strongly 2-keeled and serrate on the margin. 60. Disticiilis. Plants with perfect flowers or in some species of Poa dioe- cious ; spikelets all alike ; flowering glume thin ; palet ciliate or smooth on the margin Flowering glumes scarious-margined ; rachis glabrous or with webby hairs. 61. Poa. Flowering glumes membranous, not scarious-margined ; rachis with stiff hairs, extending into a hairy appendage. 34. Graphephorum. Glumes rounded on the back, at least below. Flowering glumes obtuse or acutish and scarious at the apex, usually toothed. Flowering glumes distinctly 5-7-nerved ; style present. 62. Panicularia. Flowering glumes obscurely 5-nerved ; style none. 63. PUCCINELLIA. Flowering glumes acute, pointed or more commonly awned at the apex. 64. Festuca. Stigmas plainly arising below the apex of the ovary which is tipped by a hairy cushion. 65. Bromus. Tribe 10. HORDEAE. Spikelets usually single at the nodes of the rachis. Empty scales broad, with their sides turned towards the rachis. 66. Agropyron. Empty glumes with their back turned to the rachis. 70. Lolium. Spikelets 2-6 at each joint of the rachis, or if solitary the empty glumes arranged obliquely to the rachis. Spikelets i-flowered or with a rudimentary second flower. 67. Hordeum. Spikelets 2-many-flowered. Rachis of the spikes articulated, readily breaking up into joints. 68. SiTANION. Rachis of the spikes continuous, not breaking up into joints. 69. Elymus. Tribe I. ANDROPOGONEAE. I. SCHIZACHYRIUM Nees. Bunch-grass, Broom-grass. I. Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash. {Andopogon scoparium Michx.) On sandy or dry gravelly hills from N. B. to Sask., Fla. and Tex. — Alt. 4000-7500 ft. — Near Boulder; Cheyenne Mountain; Engelmann Canon; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Royal Gorge; La Porte, Tobe Miller's ranch; Poudre Caiion ; Ft. Collins. 2. AMPHILOPHIS Nash. I. Amphilophis Torreyanus (Steud.) Nash. (Andropogon saccharoides of Coult. Man. ; not Sw.) In dry soil from Mo. to Colo., Tex. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — Caiion City. 20 POACEAE. 3. ANDROPOGON L. Beard-grass, Blue-stem. Fourth glume of the sessile spikelet with a long geniculate awn, more or less spiral at the base. Outer two glumes of the sessile spikelet more or less hispidulous all over ; hairs on the rachis-internodes usually 2 mm. or less long. i. A. furcatus. Outer two glumes of the sessile spikelet smooth or nearly so, except on the nerves : hairs of the rachis-internodes 3-4 mm. long. 2. A. chrysocomus. Fourth glume of the sessile spikelet awnless or with a short, straight, untwisted awn. 3. A. Hallii. 1. Andropogon furcatus Muhl. In meadows from Me. to Sask., Fla. and Tex. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Near Boulder; La Veta; Golden; West Dry Creek, Larimer Co.; Manitou ; Colorado Springs; Tobe Miller's ranch, near La Porte; Ft. Collins. 2. Andropogon chrysocomus Nash. Tn dry meadows from Neb. to Colo., Kans. and Tex. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — La Veta ; on the plains. 3. Andropogon Hallii Hack. In sandy soil from Neb. to Mont., Kans. and Mex. — Exact locality not given. 4. SORGHASTRUM Nash. Indian Grass. I. Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash. {Chrysopogon nutans Benth.) In dry soil from Ont. to Man., Fla. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Near Boulder; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Cafion City; Tobe Miller's ranch, near La Porte; Ft. Collins. 5. SORGHUM Pers. Johnson Grass, Sugar Corn. I. Sorghum halapense (L.) Pers. Cultivated for fodder and occasionally escaped. — Rocky Ford. Tribe 2. ZOYSIEAE. 6. HILARIA H. B. K. Mesquite, Black Grama. Outer glumes of the spikelets cuneate, awnless ; the nerves strongly diverging. I. H. mutica. Outer glumes linear or oblong, awned ; the nerves parallel. 2. H. Jamesii. 1. Hilaria mutica (Buckl.) Benth. On dry plains from southern Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — Reported from Colorado, but doubtful. 2. Hilaria Jamesii (Toi'^.) Benth. Hillsides and gulches of the mesas from Wyo. to Nev., Tex. and N. Mex. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Deer Run; mesas near Pueblo; Arboles; Mancos; Hotchkiss, Delta Co. Tribe 3. PANICEAE. 7. SYNTHERISMA Walt. Crab-grass. Pedicels terete or nearly so, sparingly if at all hispidulous ; lower sheath glabrous. 1. S. humifusum. Pedicels sharply 3-angled ; the angles strongly hispidulous ; as are also the sheaths. 2. S. sanguinale. POACEAE. 21 1. Syntherisma humifusum (Pers.) Rydb. On roadsides, in old fields and waste places, introduced from the Old World and established from N. S. to Mont, and Colo, and Fla. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Georgetown; Ft. Collins. 2. Syntherisma sanguinale (L.) Dulac. (Panicum sanguinale L.) In lawns, cultivated ground and waste places; introduced from the Old World and established from Mass. to Neb., Fla. and Calif. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Boulder; Canon City; Ft. Collins. 8. TRICHACHNE Nees. I. Trichachne saccharatum (Buckley) Nash. On dry hillsides from Colo, to western Tex., Ariz, and Mex. — Alt. up to 8500 ft. — Canon City; Fremont Co. 9. PANICUM L. Panic-gr.^ss, Witch-grass, Switch-grass, Millet. Basal leaf-blades long and narrow ; spikelets lanceolate to ovate, acute to acu- minate. Annual. i. P. capillare. Perennial with long, scaly root-stock. 2. P. virgatum. Basal leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate ; spikelets elliptic to ovate or obovate, obtuse. Spikelets less than 2 mm. long. 3. P. unciphyllum. Spikelets more than 2 mm. long. 4. P. Scribnerianum. 1. Panicum capillare L. In sandy soil and waste places from S. Dak. to B. C, N. M. and Calif.— Alt. 4000-9500 ft.— Black Canon; Ft. Collins; Pike's Peak; Grand Junction; near Boulder; Cafion City; Colorado Springs; Graymont. 2. Panicum virgatum L. In meadows and on river-banks from Me. to Ass., Fla. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7500 ft. — Ft. Collins; Golden; Trimble Springs; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; near Boulder ; La Veta ; Tobe Miller's ranch. 3. Panicum unciphyllum Trin. (P. pubcsccns and P. dichotomum of Coult. Man.) In dry or sandy soil from Me. to B. C, Ga. and Ariz. — Exact local- ity not given. 4. Panicum Scribnerianum Nash. (P. scoparium of Coult. Man.; not Lam.) In meadows from Me. to B. C, Va., Ariz, and Ore. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Palmer Lake; Brantly Caiion, Las Animas Co.; Boulder. 10. ECHINOCHLOA Beauv. Barnyard-grass, Cockspur-grass. I. Echinochloa Crus-galli (L.) Beauv. (Panicum Crus-gaUi L.) In sandy or alkaline soil, waste places and old fields. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — Golden; Grand Junction ; Dry Creek, Larimer Co. ; Caiion City. Echinochloa Crus-galli mutica is a variety with short awn. — Golden; Tobe Miller's ranch, near La Porte; Ft. Collins. II. CHAETOCHLOA Scribn. Fox-tail Grass, Italian Millet, Hungarian Grass. Inflorescence with the spikelets racemosely arranged; bristles 5-16 at the base of each spikelet, involucrate, tawny-orange. i. C. glauca. Inflorescence with the spikelets in clusters or on branches ; bristles 1-3 at the base of each spikelet, not involucrate. 22 POACKAK. Second glume of the spikelet as long as the flowering glume or very nearly so ; annuals. Panicle usually i cm. thick or less ; bristles commonly green ; spikclets about 2 mm. long. :;. C. viridis. Panicle usually 1-3 cm. thick ; bristles usually purple ; spikelets 2.5-3 rn^n- long. 3. C. italica. Second glume manifestly shorter than tlie flowering glume; perennial. 4. C. composita. 1. Chaetochloa glauca (L.) Scribn. {Sctaria glauca Beauv.) Yellow Fox-tail. In waste places and cultivated grounds from Vt. to Man., Fla. and Tex. — Alt. up to 5000 ft. — Ft. Collins. 2. Chaetochloa viridis (L.) Scribn. (Sctaria viridis Beauv.) Green Fox- tail. In cultivated ground and waste places from Me. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft.— Near Boulder; Idaho Springs; Ft. Collins; Granada. 3. Chaetochloa italica (L.) Scribn. {Setaria italica Kunth.) Italian Millet, Hungarian Grass. Cultivated and escaped in fields and waste places from Que. to Minn., Fla. and Colo. — Grass station, Ft. Collins. 4. Chaetochloa composita (H. B. K.) Scribn. In dry soil from Tex. to Colo, and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Canon City. 12. CENCHRUS L. Sand-Bur, Sand-Spur, Cock-Spur, Bur-Grass. I. Cenchnis tribuloides L. In sandy soil from Me. to Minn., Fla. and Tex. — Alt. 4000-6500 ft. — Near Boulder; Ft. Collins; Caiion City; Colorado Springs. Tribe 4. ORYZEAE. 13. HOMALOCENCHRUS Mieg. Rice Cut-Grass, Catch-fly Grass. I. Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) Poll. In wet places and swamps from N. Sc. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — New Windsor, Weld Co.; Cafion City; river-flats east of Ft. Collins. Tribe 5. PHALARIEAE. 14. PHALARIS L. Canary-grass. Outer glumes not winged; inflorescence a narrow panicle. i. P. arundinacea. Outer glumes winged ; inflorescence a spike or spike-like panicle. Spikelets narrow ; third and fourth glumes much reduced ; blade subulate, hairy. 2. P. caroliniana. Spikelets broad, third and fourth glumes thin, membranous ; blade lanceolate, glabrous or sparingly hairy. 3. P. canariensis. 1. Phalaris arundinacea L. In swamp and wet meadows from N. Sc. to B. C, N. J. and Nev. Also in Europe and Asia. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — George- town; Gunnison; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Fort Collins; Hamor's Lake; Table Rock. 2. Phalaris caroliniana Walt. In wet soil from S. C. to Calif., Fla. and Mex. — Brantly Canon, Las Animas Co. POACEAE. 23 3. Phalaris canariensis L. Introduced from Europe and Africa; in waste places from N. S. to S. D., Va. and Colo. — Alt. up to 8500 ft. — Gunnison; Colorado Springs. 15. SAVASTANA. Holy Grass, Vanilla Grass. I. Savastana odorata (L.) Scribn. {Hierochloe borealis R. & S.) Among bushes and on banks from Lab. to Alaska, N. J. and Ariz. — Alt. 6500-8500 ft. — Stove Prairie, Larimer Co. ; West Cliff ; South Park ; along the Cone- jos River, north of Antonito. Tribe 6. AGROSTIDEAE. 16. ARISTIDA L. Poverty Grass, Wire Grass. Spikelets crowded, 4-6 on the short panicle-branches, which are spikelet-bearing to the base or nearly so. i. A. fasciculata. Spikelets not crowded, usually 1-3, or if more the branches of the panicle or their divisions with a long, naked base Second glume of the spikelet 1.5 cm. long or less, usually equalling or slightly exceeding the flowering glume. 2. A. Fendleriana. Second glume of the spikelet 2 cm. long, from more than Yi longer than to nearly twice as long as the flowering glume. 3. A. longiseta. 1. Aristida fasciculata Torn In dry soil from Kans. to Calif, and Tex. ; also in Mex. — Alt. up to 5500 ft. — Cafion City. 2. Aristida Fendleriana Steud. {A. purpurea Coult. ; not Nutt.) In dry sandy soil from S. D. to Mont., Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft. — Los Pinos ; Buena Vista ; South Park ; Salida, Chaffee Co. 3. Aristida longiseta Steud. In dry soil from 111. to S. D., Wash., Tex. and Mex. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft. — Near Boulder; Trail Glen; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Arboles ; Durango ; Ft. Col- lins; Colorado Springs; Cucharas Valley; Denver; Pueblo; foot-hills, Lari- mer Co. ; Palisades ; Canon Cit}'. 17. STIPA L. Porcupine-grass, Oat-grass, Wild Oats. Outer glumes of the spikelet 2 cm. long or more. Awn plumose. i. S. neo-mexicana. Awn not plumose. Base of panicle usually included in upper sheaths; flowering scale 8-12 mm. long ; awn slender and curled above. 2. S. comata. Base of panicle exserted ; flowering scale over 12 mm. long; awn straight above or nearly so. Flowering scales 12-15 nim. long. 3. 5". Tweedyi. Flowering scales 20-25 nim. long. 4. i". spartea. Outer glumes of the spikelets 1.5 cm. long or less. Panicle loose and open. Awn plumose ; panicle-branches ascending. 5. 5". Porteri. Awn not plumose ; panicle-branches diverging or reflexed at maturity. 6. 5". Richardsonii. Panicle dense and spike-like. Empty glumes scarious or hyaline, the nerves hence prominent. Flowering glumes about 5 mm. long, long-hairy towards the apex. 12. S. Lettermannii. 24 POACEAE. Flowering glumes over 5 nun. long, equally hairy throughout. Flowering glumes 5-6 mm. long, spindle-shaped when mature ; callus short. 7- S. viridula. Flowering glumes 6-7 mm. long, almost cylindric ; callus long and pointed. 8. S. Nelsonii. Empty glumes firm, thickish, membranous or herbaceous ; nerves not promi- nent. Flowering glumes 4-5 mm. long ;* leaf-blades very narrow, involute. 9. S. minor. Flowering glumes 8-10 mm. long; leaf-blades broad. Panicle slender; stem low and slender. 10. 5". Scribneri. Panicle stout and dense; stem tall and stout. 11. 5. Vaseyi. 1. Stipa neo-mexicana (Thurb.) Scribn. Dry hills from Colo, to N. Mex. and Calif. — Alt. up to 6000 ft. — Colorado Springs. 2. Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. On dry plains and hills, especially in sandy soil, from Alb. to Alaska, N. Mex. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft— Along the Platte River, Denver; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Mancos ; Almeha; Ft. Col- lins ; mesas opposite Grand Junction ; Rist Canon ; near Narrows along Pou- dre River. 3. Stipa Tweedyi Scribn. Plains and valleys from Alb. to Wash., Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Ft. Collins ; near Badito, between La Veta and Gardner; Walsenburg; Arboles; Grayback mining camps; Black Cation of the Gunnison; Chester, Saguache Co.; Durango; Mancos; North Park; Gypsum ; Rist Canon. 4. Stipa spartea Trin. On prairies from Man. to B. C, Ills, and Colo. — Reported from Colorado Springs {Porter) ; South Park {Canby, Mchan) ; but doubtful. 5. Stipa Porteri Rydb. {S. Mongolica Porter & Coult. ; not Turcz.) Mountains of Colo. — Twin Lakes. 6. Stipa Richardsonii Link. In meadow lands and hillsides from Alb. to Mont., S. D. and Colo. — Mountains west of Laramie River, Larimer Co. 7. Stipa viridula Trin. {S. parviAora Americana Schultes) Dry prairies and hills from Sask. to Mont., Kans. and Utah. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft. — Gato; Columbine; plains, Larimer Co.; Rist Canon. 8. Stipa Nelsonii Scribner. Dry plains and hills from Ass. to Ida. and Colo. — Alt. 7500-10,000 ft. — Near Boulder; hills about Box Cation, west of Ouray; Cerro Summit; Idaho Springs; Poncha Pass; Georgetown; Durango; West Mancos Caiion ; Rist Canon ; Poudre Cafion. 9. Stipa minor (Vasey) Scribn. (5". viridula minor Vasey) Dry hill- sides and mountain valleys from Mont, to Utah and N. M. — Alt. 8000-12,500 ft. — North Park; Twin Lakes; Marshall Pass; Roger's; Cumbres; Colorado Springs ; Robinson, Summit Co. ; Long Gulch ; near Chamber's Lake ; Ute Pass road ; along the Michigan, North Park ; Anita Peak, Routt Co. 10. Stipa Scribneri Vasey. On foot-hills and mountain-sides of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 5000-9500 ft. — Plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Trail Glen; Clear Creek Canon, Golden ; near Empire ; Royal Gorge ; Georgetown. 11. Stipa Vaseyi Scribn. {S. viridula robusta Vasey.) On foot-hills and mountain-sides from Colo, to Ida., Tex. and N. M. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 5000- 9000 ft. — Colorado Springs ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Idaho Springs ; foot- POACEAE. 25 hills, Larimer Co.; Pagosa Springs; Manitou; Twin Lakes; Hardin's ranch; Soldier Canon; gulch west of Soldier Canon; hills west of Dixon Canon. 12. Stipa Lettermannii Vasey. Hills and plains from Wyo. and Ida. to Colo, and Utah. — Manitou. i8. ORYZOPSIS Michx. Mountain Rice. Spikelets, exclusive of awn, 2.5-4 mm. long ; leaves very slender and involute. Outer glumes 3-5 mm. long ; inflorescence very narrow with short, erect branches. ' i. 0. exigua. Outer glumes 2.5 mm. long; inflorescence at length open with long, often spreading or reflexed branches. 2. O. micrantha. Spikelets, exclusive of the awn, 6-8 mm. long ; leaves broad and often flat. 3. O. asperifolia. 1. Oryzopsis exigua Thurber. On hillsides from Mont, to Wash., Colo, and Ore. — Alt. about 8500 ft. — Pearl. 2. Oryzopsis micrantha (Trin. & Rup.) Thurber. On hillsides and among bushes, from Ass. to Mont., Neb., N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft. — Estes Park; near Badito, between La Veta and Gardner; Georgetown; Arboles; Idaho Springs; Durango; Glen Eyrie; Walsenburg; Roaring Fork, Larimer Co. 3. Oryzopsis asperifolia Michx. In woods from N. Sc. to B. C, Pa. and N. M.— Alt. up to 9000 ft.— Veta Pass. 19. ERIOCOMA Nutt. Panicle open, dichotomously branched with divergent branches, i. O. cuspidata. Panicle narrow, with few spikelets on short, erect branches. 2. O. Webberi. 1. Eriocoma cuspidata Nutt. {Oryzopsis cuspidata Benth.) On dry bar- ren plains, caiions and sand-hills from Sask. to Wash., Tex. and Calif. ; also Mex. — Alt. 4000-9500 ft. — Grand Junction; Black Cafion; Buena Vista; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Arboles ; Pueblo ; Fort Collins ; Mancos ; along Platte River, Denver; Sangre de Cristo Creek; river bluffs north of La Veta; Wal- senburg; Howe's Gulch; Cherokee Hill; hills about Trinidad; Dixon Caiion; near Fork's Hotel, Manitou ; Middle Park. 2. Eriocoma Webberi Thurber. On desert lands from western Colo, to Nev. and Calif. — Alt. up to 5500 ft. — Grand Junction. 20. MUHLENBERGIA Schreb. Panicle contracted, narrow, spike-like, the short branches rarely spreading. Empty glumes awl-shaped ; leafy and branched plants, with long root-stocks covered by imbricated scales. Flowering glumes not awned, basal hairs not equalling the flowering glume. Empty glumes about equalling the flowering glume in length, sharp-pointed, about 3 mm. long. i. M. mexicana. Empty glumes exceeding the flowering glume, generally twice as long, awned, about 5 mm. long. 2. M. racemosa. Flowering glumes distinctly awned ; basal hairs equalling the flowering glume. 3. M. comata. Empty glumes lanceolate to ovate ; plants mostly tufted and leafy at the base, only in M. Richardsonis with an elongated, scaly root-stock. 26 POACEAE. Second glume not toothed or slightly so ; flowering glume awnless or rarely very short-awned. Empty glumes more than half as long as the flowering glume, acuminate. Flowering glumes scabrous, green or dark. Panicle dense, obtuse, 5-10 mm. wide. 4. M. IVrightii. Panicle slender and lax, attenuate at the apex, less than 5 mm. wide. 5. M. cuspidala. Flowering glumes more or less purplish, sparingly long-hairy. 6. M. Thurberi. Empty glumes less than half as^ long as the flowering glume, obtuse or abruptly acute. Spikelets (excluding the awn if present) 1.5 mm. or more long. Plant with a strong perennial, scaly root-stock. 7. M. Ricliardsonis. Plant annual ; root-stock, if any, very slender. Flowering glumes merely awn-pointed, decidedly purplish ; plant 1-2 dm. high. Spikelets 2 mm. long or more ; inflorescence short and rather dense ; stem 0.5-1 mm. thick. 8. M. simplex. Spikelets about 1.5 mm. long; inflorescence slender and lax; stem very slender, filiform. 9. M. Hliformis. Flowering glumes with a distinct awn Y2-1 mm. long, greenish ; plant 4-6 cm. high. 10. M. aristala. Spikelets about i mm. long ; plant less than 4 cm. high, annual. 11. M. JVolfii. Second glume sharply 3-s-toothed ; flowering glume long-awned ; awn at least yi as long as the glume. Stem 3-6 dm. high, leafy; panicle 7-12 cm. long; awn 8-15 mm. long. 12. M. gracilis. Stem 1-3 high, almost naked above; panicle 5-7 cm. long; awn 1-4 mm. long. Spikelets 3-4 mm. long ; awn 2-4 mm. ; leaves usually stiflF. 13. M. subalpina. Spikelets about 2 mm. long ; awn 1-2 mm. ; leaves filiform. 14. M. filiculmis. Panicle open, its branches long and spreading. Plants densely cespitose, branched only at the base. Secondary branches of the panicle single ; basal leaves short, strongly re- curved. 15. M. gracilli)na. Secondary branches of the panicle fascicled ; basal leaves not recurved. 16. M. pungens. Plants diflusely branched, prostrate. i7- M. Porteri. 1. Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. In wet meadows and swamps from N. B. to N. D., N. C and Colo.— Alt. 4000-6500 ft.— New Windsor, Weld Co.; Rocky Ford; Fort Collins; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; Tobe Mil- ler's ranch, near La Porte. 2. Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) B. S. P. (Af. glomerata Trin.) In wet meadows from Newf. to B. C, N. J., N. M. and Ore. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Colorado Springs; Cheyenne Mountain; Engelmann Cation; vicinity of Ouray; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Estes Park, Larimer Co.; Fort Collins; Black Cafion ; Deer Run ; Manitou ; Middle Park. 3. Muhlenbergia comata (Thurb.) Benth. In wet soil, especially in sand from Mont, to Wash., Kans. and Calif. — Alt. 6500-10,000 ft. — Mountains near Pagosa Peak ; Gunnison ; Carlton Lake, Grand Co. ; Georgetown ; Gypsum Creek Caiion, Eagle Co. ; Twin Lakes ; Hinsdale Co. ; Empire. 4. Muhlenbergia Wrightii Vasey. In wet places in the mountains of Colo., POACEAE. 2/ N. M., Ariz, and Mex. — Alt. about 7500 ft. — Mountains, Larimer Co.; La- Veta. 5. Muhlenbergia cuspidata (Torr.) Rydb. (Vilfa cuspidata Torn; Sporo- bolus cuspidatus Woods) On dry plains from Man. to Alb., Mo. and Colo. — Exact locality not given. 6. Muhlenbergia Thurberi Rydb. {Vilfa Uliculmis Thurber; Sporobolns filiculmis Vasey; not Dewey) Canons and dry plains from Colo, to W. Tex. and N. M. — Alt. up to 9500 ft. — Canons west of Ouray. 7. Muhlenbergia Richardsonis (Trin.) Rydb. (Vilfa Richardsonis Trin. ; Sporobolus depauperatus Coulter in part) On prairies and in meadows from Anticosti to B. C, N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Arboles; George- town; Durango; Mancos; Gunnison; Elk River, Routt Co.; Grizzly Creek; West Mancos Canon ; North Park ; Mountain View, Pike's Peak ; Twin Lakes; Colorado Springs; South Park; Alamosa; Como. 8. Muhlenbergia simplex (Scribn.) Rydb. (Sporobolus simplex Scribn.) In meadows and along brooks from Nebr. to Wyo. and N. Mex. — Alt. 8000- 10,000 ft. — Georgetown ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Twin Lakes; southeast of Jefferson, South Park; Crystal Park. 9. Muhlenbergia filiformis (Thurber) Rydb. (Vilfa depauperate filifortnis Thurber) In wet places from Wyo. and Ore. to Colo, and Calif. — Steam- boat Springs, Routt Co. 10. Muhlenbergia aristata Rydb. (Sporobolus aristatus Rydb.) Perhaps only a variety of the preceding. In wet places from Wyo. to Utah and Colo. — Alt. about 8500 ft. — Columbine. 11. Muhlenbergia Wolfii (Vasey) Rydb. (Sporobolus Wolfii Vasey) On wet shores in the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 9000-10,000 ft. — South Park; Twin Lakes ; Halfway House. 12. Muhlenbergia gracilis Trin. On gravelly or sandy soil in the moun- tains from Tex. to Colo, and Calif.; also Mexico. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft— Monument Park; Georgetown; Twin Lakes; Ruxton Dell; caiion northeast side of Cheyenne Mountain ; vicinity of Boulder ; Como ; Home ; Buena Vista ; Jefferson, South Park; Manitou; Colorado Springs; Cheyenne Cafion; Clear Creek; Georgetown; Bosworth's ranch. Stove Prairie; gulch west of Sol- dier Canon; southeast of Jefferson, South Park; Middle Park; Ute Pass; Empire. 13. Muhlenbergia subalpina Vasey. (M. gracilis breviaristata Vasey) On dry hills from Wyo. to N. M.— Alt. about 10,000 ft.— Estes Park, Larimer Co. ; Beaver Park ; Twin Lakes ; Ute Pass ; Como. 14. Muhlenbergia filiculmis Vasey. Perhaps only a depauperate alpine form of the preceding. Mountains of Colo. — Alt. 8500 ft. — Green Mountain Falls; Como. 15. Muhlenbergia gracillima Torr. On plains and foot-hills and in caiions from Kans. to Colo., Tex. and N. M.— Alt. 4000-10,000 ft— Huerfano ; Mani- tou; Fort Collins; along the Platte River, near Denver; Colorado Springs; Twin Lakes ; Timnath ; near Owl Caiion. 16. Muhlenbergia pungens Thurb. Blow-out Grass. On sand-hills and "bad-lands" from Neb. to Utah.— Alt 4000-10,000 ft.— Twin Lakes; Ster- ling, Logan Co. 28 POACF.AE. 17. Muhlenbergia Porteri Scribn. (M. Tcxaua Thurb. ; not Biickl.) On hills and plains from 'Jcx. to Colo, and Calif.; also Mex. — Alt. about 6500 ft. — Caiion City. 21. LYCURUS H. B. K. I. Lycurus pheoides II. B. K. On dry hillsides from Tex. to Colo, and Ariz.; also Mex. — Alt. 6000-7500 ft. — Garden of the Gods; Meadow Park; gulch west of Soldier Canon. 22. PHLEUM L. Timothy. Spikes usually elongated-cylindric ; awns less than ^ the length of the outer glumes. I. P. pratense. Spikes short, ovoid or oblong ; awn about yi the length of the outer glume. 2. P. alpinum. 1. Phleum pratense L. In meadows and waste places, escaped from culti- vation from N. Sc. to B. C, Fla. and Calif. — Alt. up to 11,000 ft. — Pagosa Springs ; Alpine Tunnel ; Ruxton Park ; Mancos. 2. Phleum alpinum L. In mountain meadows from Lab. to Alaska, N. H. and Calif. ; also in northern Europe and Asia. — Alt. 8500-12,000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak; Dead Lake; Ruxton Park; mountains west of Cameron Pass; Chamber's Lake; LaPlata; Georgetown; Seven Lakes; West Indian Creek; Lake City ; Robinson, Summit Co. ; Gray's Peak ; Beaver Creek ; Boreas ; Hematite; Pike's Peak. 23. ALOPECURUS L. Foxtail. Spike elongated-cylindric, 3-7 cm. long ; 4-6 mm. in diameter. I. A. aristulatus. Spike oblong, 2-4 cm. long; 9-12 mm. in diameter. 2. A. occidenialis. 1. Alopecurus aristulatus Michx. In wet meadows from Me. to Alaska, Pa. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-11,500 ft. — Wahatoya Creek; Colorado Springs; Arboles; Laramie River, Larimer Co.; Grizzly Creek; Mancos; Dead Lake; vicinity of Boulder ; Manitou ; Twin Lakes ; South Park ; Tobe Miller's ranch, near La Porte; Quimby; Barne's Camp; Spring Canon; Soda Creek; Poudre Canon; Hotchkiss; Table Rock; Fossil Creek; along Purgatory River, near Trinidad. 2. Alopecurus occidentalis Scribn. {A. alpinus of Coult. Man.; not L.) In wet meadows from Alb. to B. C, Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8500-11,000 ft. — Cameron Pass; Marshall Pass. 24. PHIPPSIA R. Br. 1. Phippsia algida R. Br. In arctic-alpine localities from Greenl. to Alaska; also in Colo., arctic Europe and Asia. — Chicago Lake, near Georgetown. 25. BLEPHARINEURON Nash. I. Blepharineuron tricholepis (Torr.)- Nash. (Sporobolus tricholepis Torn) jNIountain valleys from Colo, to Utah, Tex. and Ariz.; also Mex. — POACEAE. 29 Alt. 6000-12,000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak; Ruxton Park; Mount Ouray; Mon- tezuma; Ruxton Dell; Ribbon Lake; South Park; Colorado Springs; Minne- haha; Hinsdale Co.; Middle Park; southeast of Jefferson, South Park; Pagosa Peak. 26. SPOROBOLUS R. Br. Dropseed, Poverty-grass, Wire-grass. Perennials. First glume one-half as long as the second or less ; plant not with long, scaly root-stocks. Branches of the panicle verticillate. i. 6". argutus. Branches of the panicle scattered. Spikelets about 2 mm. long ; first glume lanceolate. Sheath naked or sparingly ciliate at the throat ; empty glumes glabrous. 2. S. airoides. Sheath with a conspicuous tuft of hairs at the throat ; empty glumes scabrous on the keel. Leaf-blades 6 cm. long or less, widely spreading, involute ; sheath pubescent with long hairs, at least towards the base. 3. S. Nealeyi. Leaf-blades not widely spreading ; sheaths glabrous, except the apex, and slightly on the margins. Panicle usually more or less included in the sheaths ; its lower branches much exceeding the upper ones. 4. 5. cryptandrus. Panicle always exserted, oblong, comparatively narrow ; its lower branches but little, if any, exceeding the upper ones. 5. 5'. Hexttosus. Spikelets 4.5-5 mm. long ; first glume subulate, usually awned. 6. S. heterolepis. First glume almost equalling the second ; plants with long, scaly root-stocks. 7. 5". asperifolius. Annuals ; empty glumes almost equal, ovate. 8. 5". confusus. 1. Sporobolus argutus (Nees) Kunth. On the plains from Kan. to Colo., Tex. and Mex. ; also West Indies. — Exact locality not given {Vasey). 2. Sporobolus airoides Torn Dry prairies and river-valleys from Neb. to Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-11,000 ft. — Cation City; Marshall Pass; South Park ; Mancos ; Fort Collins ; Doyles ; Arboles ; Colorado Springs ; La Porte ; Palisade, Mesa Co. ; Grand Junction ; Alamosa ; Cottonwood Creek ; Gun- nison. 3. Sporobolus Nealleyi Vasey. In dry places from Tex. to Colo, and N. M. — Alt. about 7500 ft. — Vicinity of Alamosa. 4. Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray. In sandy soil from Mass. to Wash., Pa., Tex., Ariz, and Ore. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Cafion City; Empire; Manitou; Denver; Deer Run; plains and foot-hills, near Boulder; Colorado Springs ; Fort Collins ; Salida, Chaffee Co. ; La Veta ; Georgetovi^n ; Spring Canon ; Poudre Canon ; gulch, west of Soldier Cafion. 5. Sporobolus flexuosus (Thurber) Rydb. {S. cryptandrus Hexnosus Thur- ber.) In sandy places from Tex. to Nev. and Mex. — Reported from Colo- rado, but doubtful. 6. Sporobolus heterolepis A. Gray. On dry prairies from Que. to Sask., Pa. and Colo. — Exact locality not given. 7. Sporobolus asperifolius (Nees & Mey.) Thurber. On dry prairies from Ass. to B. C, Mo., Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-7500 ft. — Cottonwood Creek; 30 POACEAE. Saguache Creek; Fort Collins; Denver; Durango; vicinity of Boulder; Gun- nison; Cottoinvood Creek; Manitou; Grand Junction. 8. Sporobolus confusus Vasey. (S. ramulosus of Coult. Man.; not Kunth.) In wet, sandy places from Neb. to Mont., Tex. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft.— Colorado Springs; Saguache Creek; Cimarron; Minnehaha; Ouray; Gunnison; Piedra; Buena Vista; mountains of Larimer Co.; Twin Lakes; Alamosa; vicinity of Fort Collins; Table Rock. 27. POLYPOGON Desf. Be.\rd-grass. I. Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. In waste places from N. H. to B. C, S. C. and Calif. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Fort Collins; Poudre River. 28. CINNA L. Wood Reed-grass. I. Cinna latifolia (Trev.) Griseb. (C. pendula Trin.) In damp woods from Newf. to B. C, N. C. and Utah.— Alt. 4000-7500 ft. — Empire; Buffalo Pass road, Routt Co. ; Idaho Springs ; Salida. 29. AGROSTIS L. Red-top, Herd-grass, Tiorin, Bent-grass, Hair-grass, Tickle-grass. Palet conspicuous, at least one-third as long as the flowering glume. Panicle large; branches verticillate ; spikelets about 3 mm. long; stem 3-10 dm. high. i- ^- alba. Panicle small and narrow ; branches scattered or in pairs ; spikelets about 2 mm. long; stem 0.6-3 dm. high. 2. A. depressa. Palet minute or wanting. Branches of the contracted panicle short, at least some of them spikelet-bearing to the base. 3- A. asperifolia. Branches of the panicle more slender, naked below. Flowering glume awnless or short-awned ; the awn not exceeding the spike- let. Branches of the panicle filiform, branched far above the middle, at last divaricate or reflexed ; plant usually over 3 dm. high. 4. A. hiemalis. Branches short, 1-3 cm. long, ascending; plant 1-3 dm. high. 5. A. tenuiculmis. Flowering glume with a long, bent awn, which exceeds the spikelet by one- half. 6. A. canina L. 1. Agrostis alba L. In wet meadows from Newf. to B. C, Fla. and Calif.; native also of Europe and cultivated.— Alt. 4000-8500 ft.— Gunnison ; Golden; Fort Collins; Engelmann Canon; Georgetown; Ouray; Twin Lakes; Mani- tou ; gulch west of Soldier Cafion ; Baxter's ranch. 2. Agrostis depressa Vasey. In wet mountain meadows and along brooks from Wyo. to Utah and Colo.— Alt. 9000-11,000 ft.— Georgetown ; Beaver Creek. 3. Agrostis asperifolia Trin. {A. exarata Coulter, in part) In wet mead- ows from Man. to N. M. and Calif.— Alt. 4000-10,500 ft.— Beaver Creek; near Pagosa Peak; Arboles; along the Lower Cucharas River; Twin Lakes; Fort Collins; gulch west of Soldier Caiion. POACEAE. 31 4. Agrostis hiemalis (Walt.) B. S. P. (A. scabra Willd.) On prairies and hills, both in dry and wet soil, from Lab. to Alaska, Fla. and Calif. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-11,000 ft. — ^Vicinity of Fort Collins; Baxter's ranch; Poudre Canon; Twin Lakes; Taylor River; about Ouray; Gunnison; North Cheyenne Canon; Ruxton Dell; Pagosa Springs; near Pagosa Peak; near Boulder ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Cameron Pass ; Estes Park ; Grand Lake ; Hamor's Lake ; Grizzly Creek ; Georgetown ; mountains, Larimer Co.; Marshall Pass; Valley and Empire; Veta Pass; Salida; Twin Lakes ; South Park ; Com.o ; gulch west of Soldier Canon ; Little Beaver Creek; between Graymont and Silver Plume; Steamboat Springs; Rabbit- Ear Range. 5. Agrostis tenuiculmis Nash. (A. tennis Vasey) In mountain meadows from Mont, to Wash., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 10,000-11,500 ft. — South Park; Mt. Elbert; Dead Lake; near Pagosa Peak; summit of North Park Range. Routt Co. 6. Agrostis canina L. Along mountain brooks from Newf. and Alaska to Pa., Colo, and Nev. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — Silver Plume. 30. CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. Reed-grass, Blue-joint. Awn strongly geniculate, exserted, longer than the empty glumes ; callus-hairs much shorter than the flowering glume ; panicle dense and spike-like. 1. C. purpurascens. Awn straight or nearly so, included ; callus-hairs not much shorter than the flower- ing glume (except in C. scopulorum). Panicle open, the lower branches wide-spreading and often drooping ; leaf- blades flat ; callus-hairs copious, almost equalling the glume. Spikelets 4-6 mm. long ; empty glumes narrow, sharply acuminate ; awn stout, attached below the middle, considerably exceeding the glume. 2. C. Langsdorffii. Spikelets 3-4 mm. long, awn attached near the middle, equalling or slightly exceeding the glume. 3. C. canadensis. Panicle more or less contracted, branches ascending. Leaf-blades flat or nearly so. Callus-hairs copious, ^3 as long as the flowering glume or longer. Plant cespitose ; empty glumes acute. 9. C. hyperborea elongata. Plant not cespitose ; empty glumes long-acuminate. 4. C. Scribneri. Callus-hairs sparse, J/2 as long as the glume. 5. C. scopulorum. Leaf-blades involute. Culm and the narrow leaf-blades soft, not rigid ; plant not cespitose. Spikelets 2.5-4 rni"- long ; empty glumes thin, sharp-acuminate. 6. C. neglecta. Spikelets 2 mm. long ; empty glumes thickish, barely acutish. 7. C. micrantha. Culm and the usually broader leaf-blades hard, more or less rigid. Plant not cespitose, tall ; panicle very long. 8. C. inexpansa. Plant strongly cespitose : panicle short and dense. 9. C. hyperborea. 1. Calamagrostis purpurascens R. Br. (Deyeuxia syhatica Vasey; not DC.) On dry, stony hills and alpine table-lands from Greenl. to Alaska, Colo, and Calif. — ^Alt. 6500-12,500 ft. — Silver Plume; mountains above Idaho Springs; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; South Park; Mt. Ouray; Mt. Garfield; Georgetown; Front Range, Larimer Co.; Webster; Pike's Peak; 32 POACEAE. Stove Prairie Hill, Larimer Co.; mountains of Estes Park; Buena Vista; Clear Creek; near Chambers' Lake; Como; above Beaver Creek; Happy Hollow; Devil's Causeway; Graymont. 2. Calamagrostis Langsdorfii (Link.) Trin. (D. LatigsdorMi Trin.) In wet meadows and open woods from Greenl. to Alaska, N. C. and Calif. — East of Laramie River, Larimer Co. 3. Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. (D. Canadensis Munro.) In wet thickets and open woods; also in meadows from Lab. to B. C, N. C. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-11,000 ft. — Fremont Co.; Middle Park; near Pagosa Peak; Engelmann Canon; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Alpine Tunnel; Georgetown; Rabbit-Ear Pass; mountains and caiions, west of Palmer Lake; Estes Park; vicinity of Pike's Peak; Gunnison; Buena Vista; Veta Pass; vicinity of Ft. Collins; Table Rock; Barnes' Camp; Elk Canon. C. canadensis acuminata Vasey is a variety approaching the preceding spe- cies, in having larger flowers and more acuminate glumes. It has the same range as the species. — Alt. 9000-10,000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak; Anita Peak. 4. Calamagrostis Scribneri Beal. In open marshes and wet meadows from Alb. to B. C, Colo, and Wash. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak. 5. Calamagrostis scopulorum M. E. Jones. Among rocks in Utah and Colo. —Alt. about 9000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak. 6. Calamagrostis neglecta (Ehrh.) Gaertn. In open meadows from Lab. to Alaska, Me. and Colo. — Alt. 8000-9000 ft. — Georgetown; Ironton Park; Twin Lakes. 7. Calamagrostis micrantha Kearney. In wet meadows from Ass. to Colo. — Alt. about 8500 ft. — Steamboat Springs. 8. Calamagrostis inexpansa A. Gray. In wet meadows and swamps from N. Y. to Ida., N. J. and Colo.— Alt. about 8000 ft.— Penn's Gulch. 9. Calamagrostis hyperborea Lange. (D. stricta Am. auth. in part.) On sandy shores and among rocks, from Greenl. to Alaska, Vt. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft. — Clear Creek ; Hamor's Lake ; Georgetown ; Twin Lakes. The following varieties are recognized by Kearney : C. hyperborea stenodes Kearney, with narrow, strongly involute leaves, nar- row panicle and smaller (3-3.5 mm. long), less scabrous empty glumes. In swamps from Ass. to Mont, and Colo. — Alamosa; South Park. C. hyperborea elongata Kearney, with broader, often flattened, leaves and large, often interrupted, panicle. In wet meadows and swamps, especially in the plain regions, from Ont. to B. C, Colo, and Calif. — Veta Pass ; Penn's Gulch ; Gunnison ; Fort Garland. C. hyperborea americana (Vasey) Kearney, with shorter, merely acute, empty glumes and short dense inflorescence. In meadows and on prairies from Vt. to B. C, Colo, and Ore. — Breckenridge ; Durango. 31. CALAMOVILFA Hack. Reed-Grass, Sand-Grass. I. Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook) Hack. (^Calamagrostis longifolia Hook.) On sandy shores and sand-hills, from Ont. and Man. to Ind. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Tobe Miller's ranch, near La Porte; vicinity of Fort Collins. POACEAE. 33 Tribe 7. AVENEAE. 32. DESCHAMPSIA Beauv. Hairgrass. Empty glumes not extending beyond the apex of the upper flowering glume ; leaves narrow. Empty glumes 4-5 mm. long ; awn from half longer than to twice as long as the flowering glume. i. D. alpicola. Empty glumes 3-4 mm. long. Awn about half longer than the flowering glume ; leaves short, almost fili- form ; plant 2-3 dm. high. 2. D. curtifolia. Awn slightly if at all exceeding the flowering glume ; leaves long and firm ; plant usually 3-8 dm. high. 3. D. caespitosa. Empty glumes much exceeding the upper flowering glume ; leaves broad. 4. D. atropurpurea. 1. Deschampsia alpicola Rydb. {D. caespitosa alpina Vasey; not D. alpina R. & S.) In alpine meadows and on slopes, from Colo, to southern Wyo. and Utah ; a similar, if not identical, form in Alaska. — Alt. 9000-14,000 ft. — Bert- houd's Pass; Twin Lakes; Pike's Peak; Silver Plume; South Park; near Pagosa Peak; East River; Seven Lakes; Mt. Ouray; Georgetown; Cache la Poudre, Larimer Co. ; Tennessee Pass ; Dead Lake ; vicinity of Gray's Peak ; Clear Creek ; Cameron Pass ; Gray's Peak ; Ethel Peak, Larimer Co. 2. Deschampsia curtifolia Scribn. (£>. brachyphylla Nash, in part.) On wet alpine slopes from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft. — Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains; crater of Mt. Richtofen. 3. Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv. In wet meadows and swamps from Newf. to Alaska, N. J. and Calif. — Alt. 7500-11,000 ft. — Twin Lakes; George- town ; Pagosa Springs ; Cache la Poudre, Larimer Co. ; Hamor's Lake ; North Park; Gunnison; Marshall Pass; Ruxton Park; Grizzly Creek; Steamboat Springs ; Silver Plume ; Pike's Peak ; Como ; North Park ; Deadman Canon ; near Chambers' Lake ; Fort Collins ; Barnes' Camp ; Ragged Mountains, Gun- nison Co. ; Hahn's Peak, Routt Co. ; summit of North Park Range, 4. Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahl.) Scheele. In alpine and subarctic meadows from Lab. to Alaska, northern N. Y. and Calif. — Alt. about 10,000 ft. — Buffalo Pass, near Divide, Routt Co. 33. TRISETUM Pers. False Oats. Leaf-sheaths and blades long-hairy ; upper part at the stem densely pubescent. I. T. subspicatuni. Leaf-sheaths and blades glaborous or the lowest sheath short-pubescent, with reflexed hairs ; stem glabrous or slightly scabrous in the inflorescence. Inflorescence long, dense, cylindric ; lower empty glume only slightly narrower than the upper ; leaf-blades not much broader than the sheaths and without conspicuous auricles. 2. T. majns. Inflorescence lanceolate, open ; lower empty glume scarcely more than half as broad as the upper ; leaf-blades much broader than the sheaths and there- fore with conspicuous auricles at the base. 3. T. montanum. I. Trisetum subspicatum (L.) Beauv. (T. subspicatum molle Coult.) On mountains and hillsides from Greenl. to Alaska, N. H., Colo, and Calif. ; also in northern Europe. — Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft. — Twin Lakes; Valley Spur; Seven Lakes ; Georgetown ; Gray's Peak ; Cameron Pass ; Pike's Peak ; Dead 3 34 POACEAE. Lake; Windy Point; Ironton, San Juan Co.; Mt. Bartlett; Devil's Causeway; mountains above Grayniont; along the Michigan, North Park; Ethel Peak, Larimer Co. 2. Trisetum majus (Vasey) Rydb. (7'. sithspicatuiii major Vasey; T. sub- spicatum Coult.. mainly; not Bcauv. ) In meadows and on hillsides from Mont, to B. C, Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Below Berthoud's Pass; Middle Park; near Pagosa Peak; Mt. Baldy; Pike's Peak; Marshall Pass; Cumberland Mine; Ironton, San Juan Co.; Cameron Pass; Idaho Springs ; Georgetown ; Cache la Poudre, Larimer Co. ; Upper La Plata ; Seven Lakes; North Park; Trapper's Lake; near Chambers' Lake; along Michigan, North Park; Ute Pass. 3. Trisetum montanum Vasej'. In moist places, especially among bushes from southern Wj-o. to N. M. — Alt. 7500-10,000 ft. — Twin Lakes; near Pagosa Peaks; vicinity of Ouray; Minnehaha; Idaho Springs; Ruxton Creek; Villa Grove, Saguache Co. ; Beaver Creek ; Cameron Pass. 34. GRAPHEPHORUM Desv. Empty glumes equal or nearly so, 6-7 mm. long. i. G. muticum. Empty glumes unequal ; the lower 3-4 mm. long, the upper 4-5 mm. Inflorescence open ; culm minutely pubescent at the nodes ; rachilla short-hairy. 2. G. Shearii. Inflorescence narrow ; culm perfectly glabrous ; rachilla long-hairy. 3. S. Wolfii. 1. Graphephorum muticum (Boland.) Scribn. (G. mcUcoidcs Coult; not Beau v.) In wet meadows from Alb. to Wash., Colo, to Calif. — Alt. 9000- 10,500 ft. — Near Ironton, San Juan Co.; Marshall Pass; headwaters of Pass Creek ; Cumbres ; Barnes' Camp ; along Walton Creek ; Ute Pass road ; Cameron Pass. 2. Graphephorum Shearii (Scribn.) Rydb. (Trisetum argentcum Scribn.; not R. & S. ; T. Shearii Scribn.) Among rocks at an altitude of 9000 ft.^ Las Animas Canon, below Silverton. 3. Graphephorum Wolfii Vasey. {T. Wolfii Vasey.) In wet places in wil- low thickets. — Alt. about 10,500 ft. — Twin Lakes ; Cameron Pass. 35. AVENA L. Oats, Oat-grass. Empty glumes shorter than the flowering glumes ; panicle lax, narrow and some- what nodding; flowering glume hairy at the base. i. A. striata. Empty glumes longer than the flowering glumes. Panicle narrow and spike-like, strict; empty glumes 8-14 mm. long; flowering glumes hairy only at the base. Plant 1-1.5 dm. high; leaves strongly involute; callus of the flowering glume and prolongation of the rachilla long-hairy. 2. A. Mortoniana. Plant 2-4 dm. high ; leaves mostly flat ; callus and prolongation of the rachilla short-hairy. 3. A. americana. Panicle open ; empty glume over 2 cm. long ; flowering glumes often hairy up to the base of the awn. 4. A. fatua. I. Avena striata Michx. In woods from N. B. to B. C, Pa. and Colo. — Alt. 7000-11,000 ft. — Crystal Park; mountains, Larimer Co.; Little Kate Mine. La Plata Mountains; Pennock's mountain ranch. POACEAE. 35 2. Avena Mortoniana Scribn. On mountain tops of Colo. — Alt. 13,000- 14,000 ft. — Mountains near Silver Plume; Gray's Peak; Robinson, Summit Co. ; Cameron Pass ; Beaver Creek ; Mt. Garfield. 3. Avena americana Scribn. On ridges and hillsides from Sask. to Alb., S. D. and Colo. — Alt. about 10,000 ft. — Ruxton Dell. 4. Avena fatua L. Wild Oats. Naturalized from Europe and Asia, in grain fields from Minn, to B. C, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Fort Collins. 36. DANTHONIA DC. Wild Oat-grass. Flowering glume pubescent only on the margin and at the base. Spikelets on slender, spreading and somewhat drooping pedicels ; stem leafy throughout. i. D. calif ornica. Spikelet on short erect pedicels in a dense, spike-like inflorescence ; stem naked above. 2. D. intermedia. Flowering glumes hairy on the back as well as on the margins and base ; in- florescence spike-like, with short, erect branches. Empty glumes 15-20 mm. long. 3. D. Parryi. Empty glumes 10 mm. or less long. 4. D. spicata. 1. Danthonia californica Bolander. In wet meadows from Mont, to B. C, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Steamboat Springs; along the Michi- gan, North Park; pasture, Walton Creek flats; Arapahoe Pass. 2. Danthonia intermedia Scribn. In meadows and on mountain slopes from Alb. to B. C, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 9000-11,500 ft. — Silverton; Red Dirt Divide, Routt Co. ; Middle Park ; Dead Lake ; near Pagosa Peak ; Ruxton Dell; Rabbit-Ear Pass; Marshall Pass. 3. Danthonia Parryi Scribn. In mountain valleys from Alb. to N. M. — Alt. 8500-10,000 ft. — Twin Lakes; Empire City; South Park; Chicken Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus ; Bear Creek Canon ; Georgetown ; Ute Pass ; Ruxton Dell; Dillon. 4. Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. In dry soil from Newf. to B. C, N. C, La. and Colo. — Alt. about 6500 ft. — North Cheyenne Canon. Tribe 8. CHLORIDEAE. 37. SPARTINA Schreb. Marsh-grass, Cord-grass. First glume awn-pointed, equalling the third ; second glume long-awned. 1. .S". cynosuroides. First glume acute, shorter than the third ; second glume acute. 2. S. gracilis. 1. Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Willd. In swamps and streams from N. S. to Mackenzie River, N. J., Tex. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Near Boulder; Fort Collins ; Tobe Miller's ranch ; Poudre Caiion. 2. Spartina gracilis Trin. In saline or alkaline meadows from Sask. to B. C, Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft.-— Grand Junction; Sagauche Creek; Caiion City. 38. BECKMANNLA Host. Slough-grass. I. Beckmannia erucaeformis (L.) Host. In swamps and wet meadows from Ont. to Alaska, Iowa, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Gunnison ; 36 POACEAE. Wahatoya Creek; Middle Park; near Denver; Trimble Springs; North Park; Sangrc de Cristo Creek; Saguache Creek; Fort Collins; Chambers' Lake ; Larimer Co. ; I'Vjrt Collins. 39. SCHEDONARDUS Stcud. Wild Cr.\d-ck.ass. I. Schedonardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trelease. (S. Tcxanus Stcud.) In sandy soil, especially on river-banks from 111. and Man. to Ass., Tex. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Vicinity of Boulder ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Fort Collins; Colorado Springs; vicinity of Pike's Peak; Arboles; Denver. 40. BOUTELOUA Lag. Grama, Mesquit-grass. Spikelets usually more than one ; cespitose perennials. Awns manifestly arisiuR from between the lobes of the flowering glumes. I. B. polystachya. Awns terminating the lobes of the flowering glumes. Stem densely villous below. 2. B. eriopoda. Stem glabrous. Rachilla bearing the rudimentary glumes and awns glabrous ; second glume strongly papillose-hispid on the keel. 3. B. hirsuta. Rachilla bearing the rudimentary glumes and awns with a tuft of long hairs at the apex ; second glume scabrous and sparingly long-ciliate on the keel. 4- B. oligostachya. Spikelet solitary ; tufted annual. 5. B. prostrata. 1. Bouteloua polystachya (Benth.) Torr. In river-valleys from Tex. to Calif. — San Juan and Mancos Valleys (Braiidcgce). 2. Bouteloua eriopoda Torr. In dry soil from Tex. to Calif. — San Juan Valley {Brandcgcc). 3. Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. On plains and prairies, especially in sandy soil, from 111. and Minn, to S. D., Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Vicinity of Boulder; Twin Lakes; Manitou; Colorado Springs; IMeadow Park. 4. Bouteloua oligostachya (Nutt.) Torr. On plains and prairies from Wis. and Man. to Ass., Miss, and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Vicinity of Boulder; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Buena Vista; Fort Collins; Denver; Mancos; Durango; Fort Morgan; Georgetown; Walsenbnrg; Gunnison; Col- orado Springs; Twin Lakes; Fort Garland; between Ft. Collins and La Porte; Alamosa; Poudre Canon; Baxter's ranch; prairie near Long Lake; Rocky Ford. 5. Bouteloua prostrata Lag. Plains and hills from Tex. to Colo, and Ariz. ; also in Mex, — Alt. 7500-8500 ft. — Colorado Springs; vicinity of Ouray; Manitou. 41. ANTHEROPOGON Muhl. I. Antheropogon curtipendulus (Michx.) Fourn. {Bouteloua raccmosa Lag.) On hillsides, in canons and dry valleys from Ont. to N. D., N. J., Tex. and Ariz.; also in Max.— Alt. 4000-7txx5 ft.— Vicinity of Boulder; Mani- tou; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Meadow Park; Durango; Walsenburg; Fort Collins; Colorado Springs; gulch west of Soldier Canon; Poudre Canon. POACEAE. 37 42. LEPTOCHLOA Beauv. I. Leptochloa mucronata (Michx.) Kunth., In fields from Va. to Colo., Fla. and Calif. — Locality not given (Lcttermaii). 43. BULBILIS Raf. Buffalo-grass. I. Bulbilis dactyloides (Nutt.) Raf. (Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.) On prairies and plains from Minn, to N. D., Wye, Ark. and N. Mex. ; also Mex. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Vicinity of Boulder ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; plains near Denver ; Fossil Creek, Larimer Co. ; Fort Collins ; Quimby ; Spring Canon. Tribe 9. FESTUCEAE. 44. SCHLEROPOGON Phillippi. I. Schleropogon brevifolius Phillippi. On rocky ridges from Tex. to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Pueblo. 45. PHRAGMITES Trin. Reed. I. Phragmites Phragmites (L.) Karst. {P. communis Trin.) In lakes and swamps from Newf. to B. C, Fla. and Calif. ; also in Mex., W. Ind., Europe and Asia. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Hotchkiss, Delta Co. ; LaSalle ; Deer Run ; Loveland, Larimer Co. ; along lower Cucharas River. 46. MUNROA Torn False Buffalo-grass. I. Munroa squarrosa (Nutt.) Torn On dry plains from N. D. to Ass., Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft. — Boulder City; Fort Collins; plains near Denver ; Manitou ; Black Caiion ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; near Golden ; Idaho Springs; Colorado Springs; Salida; valley north of Georgetown; gulch west of Soldier Canon; Florence; Boulder; Lafayette. 47. TRIPLASIS Beauv. Sand-grass. I. Triplasis purpurea (Walt.) Chapm. On sandy beaches from Out. to Neb., Fla. and Tex. — Locality not given {Hall and Harbour). 48. DASYOCHLOA Willd. I. Dasyochloa pulchella (H. B. K.) Willd. {Triodia pnlchella Willd.) On hills and plains from Wyo. to Tex. and Calif. ; also in Mex. — San Juan Valley (Brandegee). 49. ERIONEURON Nash. I. Erioneuron pilosum (Buckley) Nash. (Triodia acuminata Bentli.) In dry, gravelly soil from Kans. to Colo., Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — Brantly Canon, Las Animas Co.; Delta; Grand Junction; Canon City; Pueblo; Royal Gorge; dry mesas, 9 miles above Delta. 38 POACEAE. 50. TRIDENS R. & S. Second empty glume i -nerved. . 1. T. mulicus. Second empty glume 3-5-nerved. 2. T. elongatus. 1. Tridens muticus (Torr.) Nash. {Triodia muiica Benth.) On dry hills from Tex. to Colo, and Ariz.; also northern Mex. — Canon City {Porter). 2. Tridens elongatus (Buckley) Nash. On plains and prairies from Tex. to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. about 5500 ft. — Pueblo; Canon City. 51. DIPLACHNE Beauv. I. Diplachne acuminata Xash. In wet places from Ark. to Neb. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Canon City. 52. REDFIELDIA Vasey. I. Redfieldia flexuosa (Thurb.) Vasey. {Graphcphorum flcxuasum Thurb.) In sand-hills from S. D. to Ind. Terr, and Tex. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — Sterling, Logan Co. ; Fort Garland. 53. KOELERIA Pers. Prairie-grass, June-grass. I. Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. On prairies and plains from Ont. to B. C, Pa. and Calif. A very variable species and perhaps a composite one. The form common in the Rocky Mountain region has narrow, involute, glabrous or puberulent leaves and narrow panicle, and has been described under the name K. nitida Nutt. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Middle Park ; Pagosa Springs ; vicinity of Boulder; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Arboles; Gunnison; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Golden ; Twin Lakes ; Mancos ; Crystal Park ; Minnehaha ; Cimarron; vicinity of Ouray; near Pike's Peak; Stove Prairie Hill, Larimer Co. ; La Veta ; Manitou ; North Park ; Happy Hollow ; Hotchkiss ; Horse- tooth Gulch; Table Rock; Manitou Junction; Dixon Cafion; hills about Dolores; dry hills along Trail Creek; Como; Grizzly Creek; Fort Collins; Hardin's ranch; Willow Creek, Routt Co. 54. ERAGROSTIS Beauv. Skunk-grass. Stink-grass. Culm often decumbent at the base, much' branched, 1-5 dm. high; annuals; panicle green. Spikelets 1.5 mm. or less wide ; palet remaining attached to the continuous rachis, after the flowering glume has fallen. i. E. Pnrshii. Spikelets 2.5-5 mm. wide ; palet falling with the flowering glume and the inter- nodes of the rachis. 2. E. major. Culm erect, rigid, simple ; perennial ; panicle purple. 3. E. pectinacea. 1. Eragrostis Purshii Schrad. In dry or sandy places from Ont. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-7500 ft. — Alamosa, Conejos Co.; Caiion City, Fre- mont Co. ; along the river. Ft. Collins. 2. Eragrostis major Host. {E. poacoidcs megastachya A. Gray.) Natural- ized from Europe, in waste places and fields froin Ont. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Vicinity of Boulder; Longmont; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Cai'ion City, Fremont Co. ; Cheyenne Mountain ; Tobe Miller's ranch ; near Ft. Collins. POACEAE. 39 3. Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Steud. In sandy soil from Mass. and S. D. to Fla., Tex. and Colo.— Alt. 4000-5000 ft.— Meadow Park. 55. CATABROSA Beauv. Water Whorl-grass. I. Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv. In water, where it is often floating, from Lab. to Alaska, Nebr., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 5000-9500 ft. — Sangre de Cristo Creek; Rabbit-Ear Pass; Fort Collins; Breckenridge ; near Gray's Peak; gulch west of Pennock's. 56, EATONIA Raf. Second empty glume much wider than the flowering glumes, rounded or truncate and somewhat cucullate at the apex. Intermediate nerves of the second glume almost as prominent as the lateral ones ; leaf-blades firm, much broader than the sheaths and therefore with prominent auricles. i. E. robusta. Intermediate nerves of the second glume faint, the lateral strong; leaf-blades soft, not much wider than the sheaths ; auricles not prominent. 2. E. obttisata. Second empty glume not much wider if at all than the flowering glumes, obtuse or acute. Second empty glumes rather firm, as well as the flowering glumes obtusish. 3. E. intermedia. Second empty glume thin and with a broad, scarious margin, acutish ; flower- ing glumes acute. 4- E- pennsylvanica. 1. Eatonia robusta (Vasey) Rydb. {E. obtusata robusta Vasey.) On river-banks from Neb. to Wash., N. M. and Ariz.— Alt. 4000-5000 ft.— Vicin- ity of Boulder; Rocky Ford. 2. Eatonia obtusata (Michx.) A. Gray. In meadows from Mass. to Mont., Fla. and Ariz.^Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — About Boulder; Manitou; gulch west of Soldier Canon; near Timnath ; Fort Collins; Hotchkiss, Delta Co. 3. Eatonia intermedia Rydb. In meadows from Alb. to Colo. — Alt. 5000- 8000 ft. — Pagosa Springs ; Durango ; Gunnison. 4. Eatonia pennsylvanica (DC.) A. Gray. In open woods and among bushes from N. B. to B. C, Ga. and Colo.— Alt. 4000-7500 ft.— Vicinity of Pike's Peak ; Arboles ; Pagosa Springs ; Alamosa. 57. MELICA L. Melic-grass. Stem not bulblike-thickened at the base. i. M. parviilora. Stem bulblike-thickened at the base. Second empty glume much shorter than the flowering glume of the lowest flower; spikelets flattened. 2. M. spectabilis. Second empty glume about equalling the flowering glume of the lowest flower; spikelets terete or nearly so. 3- M. bulbosa. I. Melica Porteri Scribn. {M. parviHora (Porter) Scribn.) On hillsides and in caiions, especially among bushes, from Neb. to Colo., Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — Cheyenne Canon; mountains near Pagosa Peak; Engel- mann Caiion; vicinity of Ouray; Idaho Springs; Glen Eyrie; Upper La Plata; vicinity of Pike's Peak; Black Caiion; Manitou; vicinity of Pine Grove. 40 POACEAE. 2. Melica spectabilis Scribn. In meadows from Mont, to Wash., Colo, and Oregon. — Alt. 8000-9000 ft. — Honnold; North Park; foot of Mt. Richtofen, on the Michigan ; mountain west of Cameron Pass. 3. Melica bulbosa Geyer. In meadows and on hillsides from Mont, to Wash., Colo., Utah and Ore. — Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. ; Glenwood Springs, Garfield Co. Osterhout's specimens (somewhat undeveloped) have unusually broad leaves and may belong to the closely related M. califoriiica Scribn. 58. DACTYLIS L. Orchard-grass. I. Dactylis glomerata L. Cultivated and naturalized from Europe; in fields and waste places from N. B. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Cucharas River, below La Veta ; Chicken Creek ; Veta Pass, Costilla Co. ; Fort Collins. 59. BRIZA L. Quaking-grass. I. Briza maxima L. Introduced ornamental grass, and escaped along irri- gation ditches. — Alt. about 7500 ft. — Gunnison. 60. DISTICHLIS Raf. Salt-grass, Marsh Spike-grass. I. Distichlis stricta (Torn) Rydb. {D. maritima stricia Thurber.) In salt marshes from Sask. to W'ash., Mo., Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-7500 ft. — Grand Junction; Deer Run; New Windsor, Weld Co.; near Denver; Fort Collins ; Saguache Creek ; Alamosa ; Pueblo ; Rocky Ford. 61. POA L. Blue-grass, Meadow-grass, Bunch-grass. Annuals. I. Annuae. Perennials. Cobweb at the base of the flowers present, although in some species scant ; flowering glume acute (except in P. compressa), and usually strongly keeled ; plants with horizontal rootstocks, never true bunch-grasses. Intermediate nerves of the flowering glumes strong. Inflorescence with numerous many-flowered spikelets ; its branches in fruit ascending ; the lower in 3's or 4's ; flowering glumes acutish ; cobwel- copious. II. Pratenses. Inflorescence with usually few-flowered spikelets ; its branches reflexed or spreading in fruit ; flowering glumes very acute. Spikelets few and usually purplish ; branches of the inflorescence few, solitary or in pairs, only in P. callichroa in 3's. III. Reflexae. Spikelets many, green ; branches of the inflorescence many ; the lower often in 3's or 4's. IV. Platvphvllae. Intermediate veins of the flowering glumes faint or obsolete. Stem compressed ; panicles narrow, open. V. Compressae. Stem not compressed. Branches of the panicles reflexed. VI. Apertae. Branches of the large panicle not reflexed. Flowers green ; nerves of the empty glumes strong ; meadow species with flaccid leaves. VII. Serotinae. Flowers more or less purplish ; nerves of the empty glumes usually faint ; hill species with rather stiff leaves. VIII. Rupicolae. Cobweb at the base of the flowers none. POACEAE. 41 Spikelets rounded at the base ; empty glumes very broad and their backs strongly arched ; low, somewhat tufted plants, with short but open panicle and broad leaves. IX. Alpinae. Spikelets acute at the base ; empty glumes narrower and not strongly arched on the back. Flowering glumes 3-4 mm. long ; low alpine plants with few, more or less purplish spikelets. Branches of the inflorescence ascending. VIII. Rupicolae. Branches of the inflorescence spreading or reflexed. (P. alpicola in) III. Reflexae. Flowering glumes 5 mm. or more ; plants comparatively tall or robust. Spikelets decidedly flattened ; flowering glumes acute. Nerves and inter-nerves more or less hairy, at least below ; flowers perfect. Inflorescence open ; plants with horizontal rootstocks ; innovations (i. e., new shoots) extra-vaginal (except in P. pseitdopratensis) . Intermediate nerves of the flowering glumes faint ; spikelets pur- plish. X. Phoeniceae. Intermediate nerves of the flowering glumes strong ; spikelets green or slightly purple-tinged. XI. Wheelrianae. Inflorescence narrow ; plants more or less tufted, without creeping rootstock. Leaves not filiform ; innovations mostly extra-vaginal. XII. Epiles. Leaves filiform ; plant true bunch-grasses with intra-vaginal inno- vations. XIII. FiLIFOLIAE. Nerves of the flowering glumes villous, but the inter-nerves glabrous ; plants dioecious ; bunch-grasses with intra-vaginal innovations. XIV. Fendlerianae. Spikelets only slightly flattened ; flowering glumes narrow, nearly straight on the back, rounded at the apex ; bunch-grasses with narrow panicles and intra-vaginal innovations. XV. BtrcKLEVANAE. I. Annuae. Low, 1-2 dm. high; branches of the panicle spreading. i. P. annua. Taller, erect, 2-5 dm. high ; branches of the panicle erect. 2. P. Bigelovii. II. Pratenses. One very variable species. 3. P. pratensis. III. Reflexae. Cobweb present but scant. Internerves of the flowering glumes more or less pubescent, at least below. Spikelets 3-4-flowered ; stem-leaves usually folded or involute ; plant usually less than 3 dm. high. Internerves of the flowering glumes short-pubescent below ; leaves filiform, involute ; those of the sterile shoots usually arcuate. 4. P. cenisia. Internerves of the flowering glumes long-hairy; leaves 1-2 mm. wide, usu- ally conduplicate, rather firm. 5. P. arctica. Spikelets s-7-flowered ; leaves all flat, 3-4 mm. wide ; stem fully 3 dm. high. 6. P. callichroa. Internerves of the flowering glumes glabrous. Intermediate nerves of the flowering glumes pubescent ; plant 3 dm. or less high ; leaves mostly basal, firm ; stemleaves 1-2, usually conduplicate. 7. P. pudica. Intermediate nerves of the flowering glumes glabrous ; plant usually over 3 dm. high ; stemleaves several, flat and flaccid. Hairs of the mid-nerves and lateral nerves copious and spreading. 8. P. reilexa. 42 rOACEAE. Hairs of the niid-iicrvcs and lateral nerves few and appressed or none. g. P. Icptocoma. Cobweb lacking ; internervcs and the intermediate nerves glabrous ; mid-nerves and lateral nerves hairy; habit like P. arctica. lo. P. alpicola. IV. Platyimiyllae. One species. ii. P. platyphylla. V. CoMI'KKS.SAE. One species. 12. P. compressa. VI. Apektae. Branches of the inflorescence short, usually in pairs. 13. P. apcrta. Branches of the inflorescence very long, in 3's to 5's. 14. P. macroclada. VII. Serotinae. Stem stout ; leaves 2-5 mm. wide ; ligule 3-4 mm. long, triangular ; branches of the panicle at last spreading; second glume narrower than the flowering glumes, 54 as long or more. iS- P- serotina. Stem slender ; leaves seldom over 2 mm. wide ; ligule about i mm. long, truncate ; branches of the panicle ascending ; second glume as wide as the flowering glumes and Y^ as long. Flowers green ; empty glumes, especially the second, with broad, scarious mar- gins and strong lateral nerves. 16. P. interior. Flowers usually purple-tinged : scarious margin of the empty glumes scarcely evident and lateral nerves faint. 17 ■ P- crocata. VIII. RUPICOLAE. Mid-nerve and lateral nerves of the flowering glumes pubescent; plant strict, 1-5 dm. high. Empty glumes shorter than the flowering glumes ; their lateral nerves indis- tinct. Cobweb at the base of the flowers scant ; stem slender and leafy, usually 3-5 dm. high. 17 ■ P- crocata. Cobweb none; stem 1-2 (seldom 3) dm. high, leafy mostly at the base. Flowering glumes 3 mm. long or less, firm, obtuse. 18. P. rupicola. Flowering glumes about 4 mm. long, acute, thin. 19. P. Patteisonii. Empty glumes equalling or longer than the flowering glumes, t. e., their tips almost as high as the tip of the subtended flowers ; their lateral nerves more prominent. 20. P. Grayana. Nerves of the flowering glumes glabrous ; plant seldom over 5 cm. high. 21. P. Lettcnnanii. IX. Alpinae. One species. 22. P. alpina. X. Phoeniceae. One species. 23. P. phoenicea. XI. Wiieelerianae. Leaf-sheaths retrorsely stigose. Internerves of the very acute flowering glumes merely strigulose or scabrous. Nerves scabrous. 24. P. Wheeleri. Nerves silky or villous on the lower portion. 25. P. Vaseyana. Internerves as well as nerves of the obtusish flowering glumes villous at least below. 26. P. tricholepis. Leaf-sheaths glabrous. Internerves of the lanceolate flowering glumes scabrous or strigulose ; innova- tions very few and consisting of wholly extravaginal runners. 27. P. occidentalis. POACEAE. 43 Internerves of the ovate flowering glumes pubescent ; innovation several, both extra- and intra-vaginal. 28. P. pseudopratensis. XII. Epiles. Flowering glumes about 5 mm. long, strongly purple-tinged, but slightly scabrous; stem-leaves broad. 29. P. subpurpurea. Flowering glumes about 4 mm. long or less, uisually greenish or slightly purple ; stem-leaves narrow. 30- P. epilis. XIII. FiLIFOLIAE. One species. Z^- P- nematophylla. XIV. Fendlerianae. Ligules 5-7 mm. long, acute or acuminate. 22. P. longiligula. Ligules short, rounded or truncate at the apex ; those of the innovations obso- lete. Panicle very narrow and long-peduncled, contracted. 33. P. longipedunculata. Panicle more open at least in anthcsis. Flowering glumes narrowly oblong ; leaves very slender and rough. 34. P. scabriuscula. Flowering glumes ovate. Panicle very short ; plant low ; leaves smooth below, scabrous above. 35. P. brevipatjiculata. Panicle longer : plant 3-6 dm. high ; leaves scabrous below, hispid-puberu- lent above. 36- P. Fendleriana. XV. BUCKLEYANAE. Internerves of the flowering glumes glabrous ; nerves silky. Plant low ; leaves stiff, involute and often arcuate. 40- P- juncifolia. Plant tall ; leaves broad and flat. 37- P- glaticifolia. Internerves of flowering glumes more or less scabrous or strigose. Flowering glumes merely scabrous throughout. Empty glumes strongly nerved, elongated lanceolate, almost equalling the oblong, very scabrous flowering glumes : leaves usually broad (2-3 mm.) and flat ; ligules lanceolate, acute. 38. P- nevadensis. Empty glumes not strongly nerved, ovate-lanceolate, usually much shorter than the flowering glumes, which are broader and less scabrous. Ligules narrowly lanceolate. 3-4 mm. long, acuminate ; stem-leaves very narrow and involute. 39- P- laevigata. Ligules short, 1-2 mm. long, triangular or broadly ovate and acutish or truncate. Plant 2-4 dm. high ; leaves mostly basal and stiff, short, seldom 8 cm. long; ligules rounded. 40. P- juncifolia. Plant 4-10 dm. high, leafy throughout; leaves longer. Ligules ovate or rounded, acute or obtuse ; leaves soft. 41. P. confusa. Ligules very short, truncate ; leaves rather firm. 42. P. truncata. Flowering glumes more or less strigose on the lower portion, scabrous above. Flowering glumes not longer than the empty glumes, ovate ; pubescence much longer on the nerves. 43- P- pratericola. Flowering glumes oblong, longer than the empty glumes ; pubescence on the nerves scarcely stronger than that on the internerves. Ligules ovate or rounded, obtuse or acutish. 41. P. confusa. Ligules lanceolate, acuminate. Plant yellowish green ; leaves all filiform, soft and usually involute. 44. P. lucida. Plant dark green, leaves broader, flat or condupHcate ; at least those of the stem firm. Creeping rootstock none ; . panicle dense ; flowering glumes greenish at the base and purple above ; leaves usually narrow and con- duplicate. 45- P- Bucklcyana. 44 POACEAE. CrccpinR rootstock often present ; panicle narrow and usually lax ; tlowcrins glumes if at all purplish only slightly so at the very tip; leaves flat. 46. P. Sheldotiii. 1. Poa annua L. In waste and cultivated places, from Lab. and B. C. to Ga. and Calif.; also in Mex. Naturalized from Europe. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Ilanior's Lake, north of Duraiigo. 2. Poa Bigelovii V. & S. From Te.x. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. up to 6000 ft. — "Colorado," locality not given; Colorado Springs; along Purgatoire River, near Trinidad. 3. Poa pratensis L. In meadows from Lab. and Alaska to Fla. and Calif. ; also native of Europe and Asia. — Alt. 4000-11,500 ft. — Mountains northeast of Dolores; Fort Collins; Marshall Pass; Manitou ; Villa Grove; Beaver Creek; Dead Lake; Crystal Park; mountains near Pagosa Peak; vicinity of Ouray; Cameron Canon; Pagosa Springs; Happy Hollow; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; La Plata Caiion ; Parrott City ; Pass Creek ; Cascade Canon; Quimby; along Conejos River, north of Antonito. 4. Poa cenisia All. (Poa Hexiiosa Wahl.) In wet places in arctic or alpine regions from Greenl. to Alaska ; also in Colo. — Alt. about 10,500 ft. — Moun- tains near Pagosa Peak. 5. Poa arctica R. Br. In wet places in arctic or alpine regions along the arctic coast and Alaska, the Canadian Rockies and Colo. — Alt. 11,000-14,000 ft. — Gray's Peak; Mt. Bartlett; Saddle, Pike's Peak; mountains near Pagosa Peak ; Chambers' Lake. 6. Poa callichroa Rydb. On alpine peaks of Colo. — Alt. about 11.500 ft. — Dead Lake ; Campton's Ranch. 7. Poa pudica Rydb. {P. arctica Scribn. ; in part.) In wet places in alpine or subalpine Colo. — Alt. 11,000-13.000 ft.— High mountains about Empire; near Pagosa Peak ; Stephen's Mine. 8. Poa reflexa V. & S. In wet meadows from Mont, and Ore. to N. M. — Alt. 8000-13,000 ft. — Twin Lakes; Seven Lakes; Silver Plume; high moun- tains about Empire; Cameron Pass; Marshall Pass; near Teller, North Park; tapper La Plata River; near Pagosa Peak; Democrat Mountain; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Pass Creek; near Ironton, San Juan Co.; Cham- bers' Lake: Ute Pass road; Four-Mile Hill. 9. Poa leptocoma Bong. In wet meadows from Mont, and Alaska to Colo, and Calif.— Alt. 8500-12,500 ft.— Villa Grove; Pike's Peak Valley; chaparrel- covered hills southeast of Ouray: near Pagosa Peak; Columbine; Chicken Creek; Upper La Plata River; Ruby; Beaver Creek; Cameron Pass; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains. 10. Poa alpicola Nash. {Poa laxa Thurb.) In wet places on the alpine peaks of Colo, and Utah; perhaps also Calif.— Alt. 11,500-13,000 ft.— Long's Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; Bottomless Pit, near Pike's Peak; top of Mt. Hayden; Estes Park; Gray's Peak. 11. Poa platyphylla Nash & Rydb. {Poa occidcntalis Vasey.) Along mountain streams of Colo, and N. M.— Alt. 7000-10,500 ft.— Near Pagosa Peak; Veta Pass; Cucharas River, near La Veta; Ojo; Wahatoya Canon; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; POACEAE. 45 Beaver Creek; Horsetooth Gulch; Howe's Gulch; Happy Hollow; Brantly Canon ; Rabbit-ears, Larimer Co. 12. Poa compressa L. In woodlands, among bushes and in cultivated places from N. H. and B. C. to N. C. and Calif.— Alt. up to 9500 ft.— Veta Pass, Costilla Co. 13. Poa aperta Scribn. In the mountains of Colo. — Telluride; about Ouray; Breckenridge. 14. Poa macroclada Rydb. iMountains of Colo. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — Rogers. 15. Poa serotina Ehr. In wet meadows and swamps from Newf. and B. C. to N. J. and Calif. ; also in Europe. — Alt. 4000-9500 ft. — New Windsor, Weld Co.; plains and foot-hills, near Boulder; Mountain View; Fort Collins; gulch west of Soldier Canon ; along Poudre River. 16. Poa interior Rydb. {Poa nemoralis Am. auth. ; in part.) In wet mead- ows from the Canadian Rockies and Wash, to N. Max. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.— Fort Collins; Ute Pass; Twin Lakes; Estes Park; South Park; Marshall Pass ; Beaver Creek ; Stove Prairie Hill ; hills about Box Caiion, west of Ouray; Cerro Summit; Andrew's Shetland ranch; La Plata Canon; caiion west of Pennock's ranch, near Ft. Collins ; Table Rock ; foot of Mt. Rich- tofen, on Michigan River ; Hotchkiss ; mountains northeast of Dolores. 17. Poa crocata Mich. (P. caesia strictior A. Gray, and P. nemoralis Am. auth. ; in part.) On hills and dryer meadows from Lab. and Alaska to Vt., Minn, and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-13,000 ft. — Fort Collins; Happy Hollow; near Narrows ; Mount Baldy ; Barnes' Camp ; foot of Mt. Richtofen, North Park; South Park; Ruxton Creek; Robinson, Summit Co.; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park ; near Georgetown ; in valley near Empire ; mountains near Pagosa Peak ; Gentian Ridge ; West Spanish Peak; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Graymont; Gunni- son ; Cameron's Cone ; Crystal Park ; IMarshall Pass ; Anita Peak ; Willow Creek, Routt Co. 18. Poa rupicola Nash. {Poa rupestris Vasey.) On the mountains from Mont, and Ore. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 11,500-13,000 ft. — South Park; Gray's Peak ; Silver Plume ; Pike's Peak ; Seven Lakes ; near Pagosa Peak. A form with more hairy glumes has been collected at the following locali- ties: near Manitou ; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains; mountain near Veta Pass ; mountain meadows. Pike's Peak ; Cameron Pass, above timber line. 19. Poa Pattersonii Vasey. On the mountain peaks of Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft. — South Park; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; summit of Mt. Garfield; West Spanish Peak; east of Cameron Pass, above timber line; mountains above Beaver Creek; Como Pass, above timber line. 20. Poa Grayana Vasey. On the mountains of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. about 13,000 ft. — Pike's Peak: Peak Slope; Saddle; Devil's Causeway; Cameron Pass. 21. Poa Lettermannii Vasey. {Poa Brandegci Beal.) On the alpine peaks of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. about 14,000 ft. — Gray's Peak. 22. Poa alpina L. In wet places on the mountain tops, along streams and 4() POACEAE. in the arctics, from Greenl. and Alaska to Que., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 9000- 13,000 ft. — Cameron Pass; near Pagosa Peak; Tennessee Pass; La Plata Canon; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains; mountains of Estes Park; South Park; Mt. Hesperus; Gray's Peak; Georgetown; Mt. Harvard; South Park; Mt. Richtofen ; bank of Michigan, North Park. 23. Poa phoenicea Rydb. Mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 12,500 ft. — Vicinity of Pike's Peak: Peak Valley; Windy Point. 24. Poa Wheeleri Vasey. (Poa cuspidata Vasey.) In meadows from Mont, and Ida. to Colo, and Ore. — Alt. 6000-11,000 ft.— Berthoud's Pass; Marshall Pass; Ute Pass Road; North Park; Cameron Pass; Rist Canon; Anita Peak; summit of North Park Range; Rabbit-Ear Range. 25. Poa Vaseyana Scribn. In mountain meadows of Colo. — All. 9000- 10,000 ft. — Silver Plume; Mt. Princeton; near Chambers' Lake. 26. Poa tricholepis Rydb. Mountain meadows of Colo. — Alt. 7500-11,500 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak; canons and meadows, west of Ouray. 27. Poa occidentalis (Vasey) Rydb. {Poa Hexuosa occcidentalis Vasey.) In the mountains of Colo, and Utah.— Alt. 10,000-11,500 ft. — Twin Lakes; Beaver Creek. 28. Poa pseudopratensis Scribn. & Rydb. In wet places from Neb. to S. D. and Colo. — Alt. 4500-6000 ft. — Colorado Springs; New \\'indsor, Weld Co.; along river below Fort Collins. 29. Poa subpurpurea Rydb. {P. pnrpurasccns Vasey; not Sprengel.) In the mountains from Mont, and Wash, to Colo. — Cameron Pass. 30. Poa epilis Scribn. In the mountains from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft.— Buffalo Pass; Silver Plume; Camp Creek; high moun- tains, vicinity of Gray's Peak; Buena Vista; near Pagosa Peak; Cameron Pass; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains; Poudre Canon; Beaver Creek; summit of North Park Range. 31. Poa nematophylla Rydb. Dry hills of Colo. — Meeker, Rio Blanco Co. 32. Poa longiligula Scribn. & Williams. Hillsides and plains from S. D. and Ore. to N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Navajo Canon; " Colorado Terr."; Glenwood Springs; Buena Vista; South Park; Sierra Sangre de Cristo; Black Canon; Table Rock; Palisades; Horsetooth Gulch; bank of Grizzly Creek ; North Park. 33. Poa longipedunculata Scribn. Hills and mountain-sides from Wyo. to N. Mex. — Alt. 5000-12,500 ft. — Mountains northeast of Dolores; hills about Trinidad; Rist Canon; Silver Plume; Gray's Peak; Graymont; Stove Prairie; Lake Ranch; Bear Creek Divide; Beaver Creek; Marshall Pass; Manitou; Dolores; Veta Mountain; Poverty Ridge; near Pagosa Peak; Ojo; Crystal Park; Los Pinos; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Tur- key Creek and tributaries; West Spanish Peak; West Mancos Canon; West Indian Creek; plains near Denver; Black Canon. Poa longipedunculata virescens Williams. Chambers' Lake ; hills about Trinidad. 34. Poa scabriuscula Williams. Dry mountains of Utah and Colo. — Alt. about 8500 ft. — South Park. 35. Poa brevipaniculata Scribn. & Williams. Dry meadows and mountain- sides in Colo.— Alt. 5500-10,000 ft. — Horsetooth Gulch; gulch west of Sol- POACEAE. 47 dier Canon; Mt. Hesperus; Bob Creek; Cripple Creek; river-bluffs north of La Veta; Estes Park; Ojo; Veta Mountain; hills southeast of La Veta; Table Rock; Trinidad; headwaters of Pass Creek; Piney and Beaver Creeks; West Mancos River; Los Pinos; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron; Seven Lakes; mountains near Veta Pass; Mt. Hesperus; West Indian Creek. Poa brevipaniculata subpallida Williams is a low variety with pale-green color. — Rocky Mountains (Hall & Harbour); Bear Creek; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges, east of Middle Park; Stove Prairie Hill. 36. Poa Fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey. Dry hills and table lands from Colo, to N. ]\Iex. and Calif. — Alt. 6000-11,500 ft. — Trinidad; Upper LaPlata; Mani- tou ; Los Pinos ; near Pagosa Peak ; near Badito ; Colorado Springs. 37. Poa glaucifolia S. & W. Moist banks from S. D. and Mont, to Colo. — Fort Collins and Calloway Hill. 38. Poa Nevadensis Scribn. In dry meadows and on hillsides from Mont, and B. C. to Colo.. Nev. and Ore. — Alt. 5000-6500 ft.— Gulch west of Sol- dier Canon; near Fort Collins; dry hills near Wood's ranch. 39. Poa laevigata Scribn. On dry meadows and hillsides from Mont, and Wash, to Colo. — Alt. 6500-9000 ft. — Gunnison; Chester; lola; Mancos; along the Michigan, North Park; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 40. Poa juncifolia Scribn. Dry hills and plains of Wyo., Utah and Colo. — Middle Park ; South Park ; Georgetown ; Hardin's ranch. 41. Poa confusa Rydb. Dry meadows and open " parks " in the mountains from Mont, and Nebr. to Colo. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Twin Lakes; dry plains. North Park ; Colorado and Wyoming State line ; near Ft. Collins. A form with the glumes slightly strigose below. — Clear Lake; George- town. 42. Poa truncata Rydb. Meadows of Colo. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Dillon, Summit Co. : Holdredge Ranch, North Park. 43. Poa pratericola Rydb. & Nash. (P. andina Nutt.) Dry plains and prairies of Nebr., Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-12,000 ft. — South Park; Green River ; Twin Lakes ; La Porte ; mountains near Pagosa Peak. 44. Poa lucida Vasey. On dry hills from S. D. and Wyo. to Colo. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Twin Lakes ; Graymont ; South Park ; North Park ; Colum- bine ; vicinity of Ft. Collins ; Crystal Creek ; La Plata Canon ; Mancos ; Hold- redge Meadow, North Park ; Beaver Creek Camp. 45. Poa Buckleyana Nash. On dry plains and hills from Nebr., Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and L^tah. — Alt. 5000-12,000 ft. — Silver Plume; Buena Vista; Leroux Creek, Delta Co. ; Cimarron ; Encampment Meadows ; meadow near Pinkhampton ; Holdredge Meadow, North Park; Cameron Pass, above tim- ber line ; ^Marshall Pass ; mountains above Beaver Creek. 46. Poa Sheldonii Vasey. On dry hills and mountain-sides in Colo. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft.— Headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Mid- dle Park; along Cottonwood Creek, near Buena Vista; Silver Plume; Mt. Ouray; Chicken Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; West Mancos Canon; Bob Creek; Como. 48 POACEAE. 62. PANICULARIA Fabr. Manna-ckass, Reed Meadow-grass. Spikelets ovate or oblong, 6 mm. or less long. Flowering glumes slightly if at all scarious and entire at the apex. Spikelets 3 mm. long or less ; branches of the panicle drooping. 1. P. nervata. Spikelets 4-6 mm. long; branches of the panicle ascending or spreading. 2. P. americana. Flowering glumes with broad, dentate, scarious margins. Spikelets 4-6-flowered. 3. P. pauciflora. Spikelets 2-3-flowered. 4. P. Holmii. Spikelets linear, 12 mm. or more long. 5. P. borealis. 1. Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze. (Glyceria nervata Trin.) In wet meadows and swamps from Lab. to B. C, Fla. and Calif. ; also in Mcx. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — RIanitou ; Crystal Park ; mountains of Larimer Co. ; Democrat Mountain, near Pagosa Peak; Pagosa Springs; Dome Rock Val- ley ; Placer, Costilla Co. ; Bosworth's ranch ; Happy Hollow ; Pagosa Springs. 2. Panicularia americana (Torr.) IMacM. (G. aquatica Coult. ; not Smith) In swamps and along streams from N. B. to Alaska, Tenn. and Nev. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft. — Mancos; mountains, Larimer Co.; Denver; Fort Collins; Plea.sant Grove; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Saguache Creek; LaVeta; Bax- ter's ranch ; canon west of Palmers Lake ; Tabic Rock ; Bosworth's ranch, Stove Prairie ; Pagosa Peak. 3. Panicularia pauciflora (Presl) Kuntze. {G. fanciHora Presl.) In wet meadows from JNIont. to B. C, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 9000-10,500 ft. — Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; near Pagosa Peak; Chester; near Chambers' Lake; east slope of Rabbit-Ear Range; mountains northeast of Dolores; Pagosa Peak. 4. Panicularia Holmii Beal. Dense thickets in Colo. — Alt. about 8500 ft. — Lamb's ranch, Long's Peak {Beal). 5. Panicularia borealis Nash. In shallow water from Me. to Alaska, N. Y., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 5000-8500 ft. — Cerro Summit; Buffalo Pass Road, Routt Co. ; Boulder. 63. PUCCINELLIA Pari. Meadow-grass. I. Puccinellia airoides (Nutl.) Wats. & Coult. {Glyceria distaus Coult.; in part.) In wet meadows, especially in alkaline soil, from Man. to Macken- zie River, B. C, Kans. and Nev.— Alt. 4000-11,000 ft.— Buena Vista; lola; Gunnison; Fort Collins; South Park; Durango; Alpine Tunnel; Saguache Creek; Doyle's; Georgetown; Colorado Springs; Walsenburg; Boulder; Longmont. 64. FESTUCA L. Fescue-grass. Empty glumes firm, the second 3-5-nerved. Annuals or biennials ; stamens 1-2. Spikelets 7-12-flowered ; awn not much exceeding the flowering glume in length, often much shorter. i. F. octoftora. Spikelets 1-7-flowered ; awn much longer than the body of the flowering glume. 2. /•'. iiiicrostachys. Perennials; stamens 3. POACEAE. 49 Leaves 4 mm. or more wide, flat ; culm from a rootstock or with stolons. Awns long, usually longer than the body of the flowering glumes; empty glumes narrowly lanceolate ; branches of panicle reflexed or spreading. 3. F. Jonesii. Awns, if any, very short ; branches of the panicle ascending. Glumes narrowly lanceolate, acuminate and awn-pointed ; spikelets 3-4- flowered. 4. p. fratercula. Glumes broadly lanceolate, abruptly acute ; spikelets 5-9-flowered. 5. F. elatior. Leaves (at least those of the sterile shoots) 2 mm. or less wide, strongly involute. Culm from a rootstock or with stolons ; sterile shoots mostly extra-vaginal. Body of the flowering glume 5-6 mm. long; stem-leaves firm and often flat; spikelets 4-10-flowered. 6. F. rubra. Body of the flowering glume 4 mm. long; leaves very narrow and soft; spikelets 2-3-flowered. 7. F. Earlei. Culm densely tufted, no rootstock ; sterile shoots mostly intra-vaginal. Flowering glumes (without the awns) 3-4 mm. long, not twice as long as the first glume; plants 1-2 (rarely 3) dm. high; inflorescence spike- like. Flowering glumes lanceolate, long-acuminate and long-awned ; panicle dense ; leaves short and firm. 8. F. brachyphylla. Flowering glumes oblong-lanceolate, abruptly contracted into a short awn ; panicle lax ; leaves filiform and soft. 9. F. minutiftora. Flowering glumes (without the awns) 5-8 mm. long, more than twice as long as the first glume. Basal sheaths short ; blades of stem-leaves rarely 8 cm. long. Awns short, less than half as long as the glumes ; inflorescence usually dense and its branches very short. 10. F. pseudovina. Awns long, nearly equalling to much exceeding the body of the glumes in length ; inflorescence open and branches more slender. 11. F. ingrata. Basal sheath long and loose ; blades of stem-leaves usually over i dm. long; inflorescence narrow and awn short. 12. F. arisonica. Empty glumes thin, ovate-lanceolate, more or less scarious ; second glume i-nerved or 3-nerved only at the base ; culms densely tufted with numerous basal sheaths. Ligules long and acuminate ; inflorescence open. 13. F. Thnrberi. Ligules short and rounded ; inflorescence narrow and spikelike. 14. F. coniinis. 1. Festuca octoflora Walt. {F. tcnclla Willd.) In dry, sandy soil from Que. to B. C, Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft.— Denver; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Veta Pass ; Walsenburg ; Denver ; Wray ; Quimby ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Palisades. 2. Festuca microstachys Nutt. In sandy soil from Ida. to B. C, Colo., Ariz, and Calif. — " Western Colorado." 3. Festuca Jonesii Vasey. In woods from Mont, to B. C, Colo., Utah and Wash. — " Western Colorado." 4. Festuca fratercula Rupr. On open hillsides, in caiions and meadows from Colo, to Arizona and Mex. — Alt. 7500-9500 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak; cafions and adjoining meadows, west of Ouray. 5. Festuca elatior L. In field, among bushes and in waste places from N. So. to Wash., N. C. and Calif. Cultivated and naturalized from Europe. — Alt. up to 5000 ft. — Fort Collins; Durango. 4 60 POACEAE. 6. Festuca rubra L. In meadows from Lab. to Alaska, N. C. and Calif.; also in luimpc and Asia. — Alt. up to 5000 ft. — Ft. Collins. 7. Festuca Earlei Rydb. In canons of Colo. — Alt. about 9500 ft. — LaPlata Canon. 8. Festuca brachyphylla Scliultes. (F. orina brcvifolia S. Wats.) In arctic-alpine localities, in rather barren soil, from Greenl. to Alaska, Vt. and Calif. — Alt. 9500-14,500 ft. — Gray's Peak; Mt. Lincoln; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains; Cumberland Mine; Cameron Pass; Pike's Peak; West Spanish Peak; near Pagosa Peak; Mt. Lincoln; Mt. McClellan ; high mountains near Clear Creek ; Beaver Creek ; mountains northeast of Boreas ; mountain above Barnes' Camp. 9. Festuca minutiflora Rydb. On alpine peaks in Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. — ^Ileadwaters of Clear Creek; Manitou ; Mt. Ouray; near Pagosa Peak ; Como ; Tennessee Pass ; Mt. Lincoln ; Cameron Pass ; Moun- tains northeast of Boreas. 10. Festuca pseudovina Mackel. On dry hillsides and mountains from Sask. to B. C, Mich, and Colo. ; also in Europe. — Alt. 9000-12,500 ft. — Bert- houd's Pass ; Cameron Pass ; Dead Lake ; Mount Garfield ; Beaver Creek ; Poverty Flats ; Palsgrove Caiion ; Happy Hollow ; near Teller, North Park ; Chambers' Lake ; Twin Lakes ; mountains above Clear Creek ; Veta Pass ; Ute Pass road ; Boreas ; mountains northwest of Boreas. 11. Festuca ingrata (Hack.) Rydb. {F. ovina of western reports and F. ovina ingrata Hack.) On hillsides and in dryer meadows from Mont, to B. C, Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 3000-12,000 ft. — Grizzly Creek; Chicken Creek; Mount Garfield ; Rabbit-Ear Pass ; North Park ; Wolcott, Eagle Co. ; Barnes' Camp ; along the Michigan. North Park; Beaver Creek; Como; near Monument; flats along Elk River; Campton's ranch; grass plot, Ft. Collins; Pinkham Creek, Larimer Co. ; Willow Creek, Routt Co. Festuca ingrata nudata (Vasey) Rydb. {F. ovina nudata Vasey) is a variety with narrower panicle, longer basal leaves, nearly naked stem and glabrous glumes. — Middle Park ; North Park. 12. Festuca arizonica Vase\-. (Including F. Vascyana Hack.) On rocky slopes from Colo, to Utah, N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — George- town Pass ; Twin Lakes ; Pagosa Springs ; West Mancos Caiion ; foot-hills east of Mancos; Cottonwood Lake; Democrat Mountain; Idaho Springs; Veta Pass. 13. Festuca Thurberi Vasey. (S. scabrclla Vascyana Hack.) On hill- sides in Colo, and southern Wyo. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Twin Lakes ; Mt. Lincoln ; Veta Pass ; vicinity of Pike's Peak ; Cimarron ; Grizzly Creek ; near Pagosa Peak ; Front Range, Larimer Co. ; foot-hills east of Mancos ; West Mancos Canon ; Dark Caiion ; Chicken Creek ; Beaver Creek ; North Park ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; South Park ; Argentine Pass ; Happy Hollow ; Hahn's Peak. 14. Festuca confinis Vasey. {Poa Kingii S. Wats.) In cations and on hillsides from Mont, to Colo, and Calif— Alt. 6500-10,000 ft.— Stove Prairie Hill and Stove Prairie, Larimer Co. ; Boulder Cafion ; Rist Cafion ; Happy Hollow ; Colorado and Wyoming State line ; Beaver Creek. POACEAE. 51 65. BROMUS L. Broom-grass, Chess. Flowering glumes compressed-keeled. Palet less than -J^ as long as the flowering glume. Leaves glabrous; glumes glabrous or merely scabrous. i. B. polyanthus. Leaves pubescent ; glumes hairy at least when young. 2. B. marginatus. Palet more than % as long as the glume. 3. B. unioloides. Flowering glumes rounded on the back, at least at the base. Flowering glumes oval or broadly elliptic ; second empty glume S-7-nerved ; first 3-nerved ; introduced annuals. Flowering glumes nearly as broad as long, awnless or with a short, dorsal awn. 4. B. brizaeformis. Flowering glumes much longer than broad, always conspicuously awned. Flowering glumes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous ; awn much shorter than the flowering glume, nearly erect. 5. B. secalinus. Sheaths pubescent ; awn fully as long as the glume, at maturity strongly divergent. 6. B. patulus. Flowering glumes more or less hairy. 7. B. hordeaceus. Flowering glumes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate ; second empty glume 3- nerved ; first one i -nerved except in B. Porteri. Awns shorter than the glumes; perennials and all except B. inermis native. Inflorescence more or less drooping. First empty glume 3-nerved. 8. B. Porteri. First empty glume i -nerved. Flowering glumes evenly pubescent on the back ; sheaths densely lanate. 9. B. lanatipes. Flowering glumes ciliate on the margins, glabrous or sparingly hairy on the back ; sheaths glabrous or the lower sparingly hirsute. 10. B. Richardsoni. Inflorescence not dropping. Inflorescence narrow, its branches erect ; flowering glumes usually awned. 11. B. Pumpellianus. Inflorescence broad, its branches spreading ; flowering glumes usually awnless. 12. B. inermis. Awn longer than the glumes ; introduced annuals. Spikelets numerous on slender, recurved, secund pedicels ; flowering glumes 8-12 mm. long. 13. B. tectoriim. Spikelets few; pedicels not secund: flowering glumes 12-16 mm. long. 14. B. sterilis. 1. Bromus polyanthus Scribii. In meadows from Mont, to Ore., N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 6000-11,500 ft. — Trimble Springs; hills above Dix P. O. ; Cerro Summit ; West Mancos Caiion ; Rabbit-Ear Pass ; Keblar Pass ; Robin- son, Summit Co.; Walsenburg; Veta Pass; foot of Alt. Richtofen, on the Michigan ; near Chambers' Lake ; Cameron Pass. 2. Bromus marginatus H. & A. In meadows from Alb. to B. C, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Steamboat Springs, Routt Co. ; Ft. Collins ; Fish Creek Falls, Routt Co. Bromus marginatus latior Shear is a large variety with large open panicle and longer awns. — Vicinity of Boulder. 3. Bromus unioloides (Willd.) H. B. K. Meadows from Ala. and Calif, to La. and Tex. — Fort Collins ; Cherokee Hill. 4. Bromus brizaeformis F. & M. Locally introduced from Mass. to Wash., Del. and Calif. Native of Europe and Asia. — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Vicinity of Bor.lder. 52 POACEAE. 5. Bromus secalinus L. In waste places and fields from Me. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. Introduced from Europe and Asia. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Boulder; Fort Collins. 6. Bromus patulus M. & K. In waste places from Mass. to Wyo., Mo. and Colo. Introduced from Europe. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Fort Collins. 7. Bromus hordeaceus L. (B. mollis L.) In waste places from Me. to Wash., Del., Colo, and Ariz. Introduced from Europe. — Denver. 8. Bromus Porteri (Coult.) Nash. {B. Kalmii Portcri Coult.) On hill- sides and in meadows from Man. to Sask., Alb., Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 7000- 11,000 ft. — About Ouray; West Mancos Canon; Georgetown; Mancos; Cerro Summit; Arboles; Durango; North Park; Cameron Pass; Stove Prairie Hill; Twin Lakes; Buffalo Peaks; Gunnison; Marshall Pass; Robinson; Clear Creek ; Middle Park ; Wagon Wheel Gap ; Chambers' Lake ; Ft. Col- lins; Four-Mile Hill; Michigan Hill, Cameron Pass; Dolores. 9. Bromus lanatipes (Shear) Rydb. {B. Porteri lanatipes Shear.) On hillsides in Colo. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Lower Boulder Cafion, Boulder Co.; Idaho Springs; Mountain View; Hiawatha; vicinity of Boulder; Lafayette; Empire Pass; Dome Rock Valley; Fort Collins; Poudre Canon; Rist Canon; quaking asp grove, west Gunnison Co. ; gulch west of Soldier Canon ; Hahn's Peak, Routt Co. 10. Bromus Richardsonii Link. {B. ciliatus Coult; not L.) In mead- ows and on hillsides from Sask. to B. C, Colo., Ariz, and Ore. — Alt. 6000-11,000 ft. — Cheyenne Mountain; vicinity of Pike's Peak; near Pagosa Peak ; Pandora ; Gunnison ; mountains of Larimer Co. ; Upper La Plata River; Beaver Creek; about Ouray; Mount Baldy; Ruxton Dell; Estes Park; Colorado Springs; Silver Plume; Marshall Pass; Tobe Miller's ranch; Moon's ranch; Happy Hollow; Four-Mile Hill; gulch west of Soldier Canon; bank of Poudre; Andrews ranch; western Gunnison Co. 11. Bromus Pumpellianus Scribn. In meadows and on hillsides from Sask. to Alaska and Colo. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — On Grizzly Creek; Veta Pass; Gray's Peak; Walsenburg; Como; Beaver Creek Camp. Bromus Pumpellianus melicoides Shear is an awnless variety. — Beaver Creek. 12. Bromus inermis Leyss. Escaped occasionally from cultivation from Ohio to Mont, and Colo. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Fort Collins. 13. Bromus tectorum L. In waste places from Mass. to Wash., Va. and Utah. Introduced from Europe. — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Longmont, Boulder Co.; vicinity of Boulder; Fort Collins. 14. Bromus sterilis L. In waste places from Mass. and Ohio to Pa. and Colo. Introduced from Europe and Asia. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Fort Collins; estray in garden plot. Tribe 10. HORDEAE. 66. AGROPYRON. Wheat-grass, Quack-grass. Rachis of the spike breaking up at maturity, the joints falling with the spikelet. I. A. Scribneri. Rachis of the spike continuous. Cespitose, the innovations intra-vaginal ; no horizontal stolons (except in A. arizonicum). POACEAE. 53 Spikelets compressed, remote on the axis ; awns divergent. Spikelets erect. 2 A. Vaseyi. Spikelets spreading. Empty glumes acute or obtuse ; stem-leaves 3-4, not glaucous. 3. A. spicatum. Empty glumes acuminate or awn-pointed ; stem-leaves 6-7, glaucous. 4. A. ariaoiiicuiii. Spikelets subterete, approximate on the rachis or somewhat distant in A. tenerum. Awn strongly divergent. 16. A. Bakeri. Awn erect or none. Awn long, usually longer than the body of the flowering glume. Plant tall, over 3 dm. high, erect or ascending ; empty glumes broadest below the middle ; spike elongated. Stem stout; spike 7-10 mm. wide, erect but usually unilateral; spikelets (excluding the awns) 12-15 nim. long. 5. A. Richardsoni. Stem slender ; spike about 5 mm. wide, usually nodding, seldom uni- lateral ; spikelets (excluding the awns) about i cm. long. 6. A. caninum. Plant 2-3 dm. high, densely tufted, decumbent at the base, geniculate ; empty glumes broadest above the middle ; spike short. 7. A. andimtm. Awn short or none. Spike stout and dense, 3-8 cm. long, usually tinged with purple ; empty glumes broadest above the middle. 8. A. violaceum. Spike slender and lax, 7-20 cm. long, green ; empty glumes broadest below the middle. 9. A. tenerum. Stoloniferous, sometimes slightly tufted ; innovations extra-vaginal ; flowering glumes acute or merely awn-pointed. Sheath not pubescent. Flowering glumes glabrous or merely scabrous. Spikelets erect, nearly cylindrical or slightly compressed. Leafblades hairy above ; empty glumes shorter than the spikelets, which are usually distant. 10. A. lanceolatxim. Leafblades scabrous but not hairy, spikelets usually not very lax. Empty glumes nearly equalling the spikelets ; spike elongated. 11. A. pseudorepens. Empty glumes half as long as the spikelet ; spike short. 12. A. riparium. Spikelets spreading, much flattened. 13. A. occidentale. Flowering glumes densely pubescent. 14. A. molle. Sheaths pubescent ; flowering glumes very scabrous or short-pubescent. 15. A. Palmeri. 1. Agropyron Scribneri Vasey. On high mountain-tops from Mont, to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft. — Silver Plume; Gray's Peak; near Pagosa Peak ; Cumberland Mine, La Plata Mountains ; Mt. Garfield ; Bald Mountain; West Spanish Peak; Buena Vista; headwaters of Clear Creek; Cameron Pass ; mountains above Beaver Creek. 2. Agropyron Vaseyi S. & S. On dry hills and mountain-sides from Mont. to Ore., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — ^Vicinity of Boulder; Ute Pass; Golden; Horsetooth Gulch; gulch west of Soldier Caiion; foot-hills of Larimer Co. 3. Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Rydb. {A. diver gens Nees; A. sfrigosmn Coult.) On dry hills and mountains from Mont, to Wash., Ariz, and Calif. — Alt. 5000-6500 ft. — Hot Sulphur Springs, Middle Park; along Platte River; 54 POACEAE. Bosworth ranch, Larimer Co. ; Gleiiwood Springs, Garfield Co. ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; roudrc Canon ; Rist Canon ; Pinkham Creek, Larimer Co. 4. Agropyron arizonicum S. & S. In tlic mountains from Colo, to Ariz, and Mex. — Alt. 8000-11,000 ft. — Mountains between Sunshine and Ward, Boulder Co. ; near Pagosa Peak ; Robinson, Summit Co. 5. Agropyron Richardsoni (Trin.) Schrad. {A. unilateralL' Cassidy.) In meadows and among bushes from Minn, and Sask. to B. C, Iowa and Colo. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Veta Pass ; Manitou ; Graymont ; LaPlata Canon ; Crystal Park; mountains of Larimer Co.; Dillon; Salida, ChafTee Co.; Twin Lakes; Empire; along the Michigan, North Park; Como; Bosworth's ranch, Stove Prairie. 6. Agropyron caninum ( L.) Beau v. In meadows from X. Sc. to Ida., N. C. and Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Mancos ; North Park ; Red Stone. 7. Agropyron andinum ( S. & S.) Rydb. (A. violaccum andiniim S. & S.) On high mountain-tops from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — Silver Plume ; summit of North Park Range. 8. Agropyron violaceum (Hornem.) Vasey. In the mountains from Greenl. to Alaska, N. H. and Utah. — Alt. 6500-12,000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak; West Mancos Canon; Cerro Summit; Crystal Park; Trinidad; near Badito; Green Mountain Falls; Gunnison; Buena Vista; Empire; Ft. Collins; gulch west of Soldier Canon; La Porte; mountain west of Cameron Pass; Four-Mile Hill; North Park; near Chambers' Lake; Cameron Pass; Willow Creek and Fish Creek Falls, Routt Co. 9. Agropyron tenerum Vasey. On hillsides from Lab. to Alaska, N. H., Mo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-7500 ft —Fort Garland ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Colorado Springs ; Arboles ; Mancos ; Fort Collins ; Trimble Springs, north of Dnrango; Deer Run; Gunnison; Twin Lakes; Mancos; Soldier's Canon. 10. Agropyron lanceolatum S. & S. On the plains from Wyo. to Wash, and Colo. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Fort Collins; Calloway Hill; Horsetooth Gulch. 11. Agropyron pseudorepens S. & S. In meadows from Iowa to Alb., N. M. and Utah. — x\lt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Clear Creek, near Empire; Kebler Pass; mountains near Pagosa Peak ; vicinity of Boulder ; Colorado Springs ; La Porte; Beaver Creek; Durango; Grizzly Creek; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Pike's Peak; Fontaine qui Bouille Valley; Veta Pass; Ft. Collins; Gray- mont. 12. Agropyron riparium S. & S. On river banks from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Colorado Springs. 13. Agropyron occidentale Scribn. (./. repots glancum Am. auth.) On prairies and plains from Man. and Sask. to Ore., Mo., N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-9500 ft. — Veta Pass ; Weston's Pass ; Trimble Springs, north of Durango; Longmont, Boulder Co.; Wahatoya Creek; Ft. Morgan; South Park; Hotchkiss; Table Rock; Ft. Collins; La Porte. 14. Agropyron molle (S. & S.) Rydb. In dryer valleys on the plains, especially in alkaline soil, from Sask. to Wash, and N. M. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Weston's Pass ; Arboles ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Mancos ; Cerro Summit ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Wahatoya Creek ; Golden ; Canon City, Fremont Co.; North Park; Hardin's ranch; Ft. Collins. POACEAE. 55 15. Agropyron Palmeri (S. & S.)- (--i- spicatum Palmeri S. & S.) In the mountains of Colo., N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. up to 7000 ft. — ^Mancos ; Ar- boles ; Quimby. 16. Agropyron Bakeri E. Nelson. Mountains of southern Colo. — Alt. 9000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak. 67. HORDEUM L. Barley, Squirrel-tail. Empty glumes all alike, subulate-filiform. Empty glumes 3-6 cm. long ; flowering glume of lateral spikelets long-awned. I. H. jubaUim. Empty glumes 1-2 cm. long ; flowering glume of lateral spikelets short-awned or awn-pointed. Lateral spikelets flower-bearing. 2. H. boreale. Lateral spikelets neutral. 3. H. nodosum. Empty glumes of the middle spikelet lanceolate. 4. H. pusillum. 1. Hordeum jubatum L. On prairies and in meadows from Lab. to Alaska, N. J., Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-11,000 ft. — Mancos; Cerro Summit; Ar- boles ; vicinity of Boulder ; Fort Collins ; Fort Morgan ; Golden ; New Wind- sor ; Alpine Tunnel ; Ute Pass ; Twin Lakes. 2. Hordeum boreale S. & S. In meadows from Mont, to Alaska, Colo, and Wash. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Marshall Pass; South Park; Como; North Park. 3. Hordeum nodosum L. In meadows from Mont, to Alaska, Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 5000-9500 ft. — Georgetown; North Park; South Park; Durango; Golden ; Twin Lakes ; Ft. Collins ; Chamber's Lake. 4. Hordeum pusillum Nutt. In arid valleys from 111. to Ida., Ga. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; near the river, east of Ft. Collins ; Buckhorn Creek, Larimer Co. 68. SITANION Raf. Some of the empty glumes 2-cleft ; lowest flower of one or both spikelets sterile and like the empty glumes, but inserted on a rachilla and falling away with it. Sterile shoots numerous ; stem slender ; flowering glume 3-awned. I. 5". Hystrix. Sterile shoots few; stem stout; flowering glume i-awned. 2. S. niolle. Empty glumes all entire ; lowest flower of both spikelets perfect. Flowering glumes glabrous. Stem-leaves very long, erect, flexuose, strongly involute. 3. S. longifolium. Stem-leaves short, rigid, spreading or divaricate. 4. S. brevifoliuni. Flowering glumes soft-pubescent. 5. S. piibiflorum. 1. Sitanion Hystrix (Nutt.) Smith. (Ageliops Hystrix Nutt.) On dry shale hills and among sage brush on the plains from Wyo. to Wash, and Colo. — Walsenburg; North Park. 2. Sitanion molle J. G. Smith. On moist mountain-sides in Colo. — Alt. 10.500 ft. — East side Buffalo Pass, Larimer Co. 3. Sitanion longifolium J. G. Smith. On hillsides and among rocks from Nebr. to Nev., Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 6500-9000 ft. — Villa Grove, Saguache Co.; Denver; Mancos; North Park; mountains of Larimer Co.; Hardin's ranch ; Oak Mesa, Delta Co. ; Anita Peak, Routt Co. 56 POACKAK 4. Sitanion brevifolium J. G. Smith. On bills and mountain-sides from Wyo. to I'tah, Colo, and Ariz.— Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Mancos; Ouray; Mar- shall Pass; vicinity of Boulder; mountains between Sunshine and Ward, Boulder Co.; Twin Lakes; Georgetown; Walsenburg; Colorado Springs; La Veta ; vicinity of Ft. Collins ; Willow Creek. Routt Co. 5. Sitanion pubiflorum J. G. Smith. On dry hills from Colo, to Ariz, and N. M. — Alt. a1)niu 6000 ft. — Trinidad. 69. ELYMUS L. Wild Rye, LYME-GR.^ss. Flowering glumes long-awned ; empty glumes lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, narrowed at the base. Spike broad ; spikelets spreading. Flowering glumes hirsute or villose. 1. E. canadensis. Flowering glumes scabrous or strigose-hispidulous or nearly glabrous.' Robust; spike usually included at the base; leaves 8-15 mm. wide. 2. E. robustus. Slender ; spike exserted ; leaves seldom over 5 mm. wide. 3. E. brachystachys. Spike narrow ; spikelets erect. Leaves 7-15 mm. wide, spreading; empty glumes lanceolate, acuminate to short-awned. 4- E. glaucus. Leaves less than 5 mm. wide, usually nearly erect ; empty glumes very nar- rowly linear-lanceolate, long-awned. Spike 7-8 mm. thick; awns 30-40 mm. long. 5. E. Saiindersii. Spike 5 mm. thick or less; awns 5-10 mm. long. 6. E. Macounii. Flowering glumes awnless or short-awned ; empty glumes linear-aristiform or subulate, or if broader not narrowed at the base. Empty glumes aristiform or narrowly subulate. Plant stout, 1-2 m. high ; spikelets 2-6 at each joint ; flowering glumes acute or very short-awned ; in our form scabrous-stigulose. 7. E. condensatus. Plant slender, 3-10 dm. high ; spikelets 1-2 at each joint. Flowering glumes broadly lanceolate, acute or minutely awn-pointed, glab- rous ; rachis scabrous on the sharp angle ; spikelets erect. 8. £. triticoides. Flowering glumes narrowly lanceolate, awned ; rachis nearly terete, strigose ; spikelets somewhat spreading. Flowering glumes glabrous. 9- E. ambiguus. Flowering glumes strigose. 10. E. strigosus. Flowering glumes villous. 12. E. villiflorus. Empty glumes lanceolate-subulate, tapering from a rather broad base ; spike- lets usually singly; flowering glumes glabrous. 11. £. simplex. 1. Elymus canadensis L. On river-banks and among bushes from N. S. and Wash, to Ga. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Durango; Fort Collins; along Platte River, near Denver; La Porte, Larimer Co.; Salida, Chaffee Co. ; gulch west of Soldier Caiion ; Black's Lake. 2. Elymus robustus S. & S. On river-banks from S. D. to Ida., Mo. and Colo.— Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Idaho Springs;' Black Canon; vicinity of Boulder; Fontaine qui Bouille. 3. Elymus brachystachys Scribn. & Ball. On dry plains and hills from Mich, and S. D. to Tex., N. M. and Utah; also in Mex.— Alt. 4000-6500 ft. — Rist Canon, Larimer Co. ; eastern Colorado ; along river, east of Ft. Collins. 4. Elymus glaucus Buckley. (Elymus Sihiricus Thurb. ; not L.) In mead- POACEAE. 57 ows and among bushes from Mich, to Alb., B. C, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 7000-11,000 ft. — Mountains near Pagosa Peak; Hamor's Lake, north of Durango; about Ouray; Keblar Pass; Villa Grove; Horsetooth Gulch; Ute Pass road; mountains above Cameron Pass; edge of aspen grove, western Gunnison Co. 5. Elymus Saundersii Vasey. On mountains in Colorado. — Exact locality not given. 6. Elymus Macounii Vasey. In meadows from Man. and Sask. to Alb., N. Mex. and Utah. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Denver; Durango; Fort Collins; Gunnison; Manitou. 7. Elymus condensatus Presl. On hills and in dryer valleys from Alb. and B. C. to N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Grand River at Hot Sulphur Springs ; Doyle's ; vicinity of Boulder ; Chester, Saguache Co. ; Grant Creek ; Deadman Caiion ; Campion's ranch ; Miller's ranch, near La Porte. 8. Elymus triticoides Nutt. In meadows and on hillsides from Mont, to Wash., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — Grant Creek; foot-hills, Lari- mer Co. ; Georgetown ; Barnes' ranch, Larimer Co. ; Rist Canon. 9. Elymus ambiguus Vasey & Scribn. In canons and on hillsides in Colo. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — Penn Gulch; Empire; Fort Garland; Minnehaha; near Manitou ; Engelmann Canon ; Rist Canon, Larimer Co. ; near Badito ; Art- ists' Glen ; North Cheyenne Canon ; Veta Pass ; Campton's ranch. 10. Elymus strigosus Rydb. In the foot-hills and on shale slopes in Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. about 7700 ft.— Near Boulder. 11. Elymus simplex S. & W. Dry plains and hills from Wyo. and Colo, to Ore. — Alt. up to 11,000 ft. — Robinson, Summit Co. 12. Elymus villiflorus Rydb. On plains and foot-hills of Colo. Apparently the same also in the Black Hills and the Canadian Rockies — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — -Vicinity of Boulder. LOLIUM L. Rye-grass. I. Lolium perenne L. In waste places and cultivated ground from N. S. to Va., Calif, and Wash.— Ft. Collins. Family 19. CYPERACEAE. Sedge Family. Flowers of the spikelets perfect or at least one perfect. Glumes of the spikelets 2-ranked. Perianth present, the members bristle-like ; inflorescence axillary. 1. DULICHIUM. Perianth wanting ; inflorescence in terminal, solitary or umbelled heads. 2. Cyperus. Glumes of the spikelets spirally imbricated. Base of the style not at all or only slightly thickened, deciduous. Perianth-bristles conspicuously elongated. 3. Eriophorum. Perianth-bristles not conspicuously elongated. 4. Scirpus. Base of the styles manifestly swollen, persistent as a tubercle on the achenes. Perianth present ; spike solitary. 5. Eleocharis. Perianth wanting ; spikelets umbellate. 6. Fimbristylis. Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Achenes not enclosed in a perigynium ; glumes 2-flowered. 7. Elyna. Achenes enclosed in a perigynium; glumes i -flowered. 8. Carex. 58 CYPERACEAE. I. DULICHIUM I.. C. Richard. 1. Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britt. In wet and muddy places from N. S. to B. C, I'la. and Tex. — Locality not given. 2. CYPERUS L. CvriiRus, Galingale, Nut-grass, Papyrus. Rachis persistent. Annuals. Glumes awned or mucronate: i. C. intiexus. Glumes acute, neither awned nor mucronate. 2. C. acuminalus. Perennials. Glumes tipped with a curved or bent awn. 3. C. Fcndlerianus. Glumes blunt or merely mucronate. 4. C. Bushii. Rachis deciduous above the two empty glumes. 5. C. filiculmis. 1. Cyperus inflexus Mulil. In v^et, sandy soil from Vt. to B. C, Fla. and Calif.; also in Max. — Alt. 5000-6500 ft. — Plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Ft. Collins; along Platte River, near Denver; Canon City; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Arkansas River; along Poudre River. 2. Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook. In wet soil from 111. to Ore., La. and Calif. — Exact locality not given. 3. Cyperus Fendlerianus Boeckl. In wet soil from Tex. to Colo., Ariz, and Mex. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Colorado Springs ; Arkansas Caiion. 4. Cyperus Bushii Britt. (C Schweinitzii Coult. ; not Torr.) In sandy soil from Wise, to Ore., Kans. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — ^Denver; Meadow Park. 5. Cyperus filiculmis Vahl. In dry fields and on hills from N. H. to Minn., Fla. and I'ex. — Alt. about 55CX) ft. — Colorado Springs. 3. ERIOPHORUM L. Cotton-grass. Achenes obovoid, obtuse. Glumes ovate-lanceolate; achenes light brown. i. E. polystacbyon. Glumes oval or ovate, obtuse ; achenes dark brown, almost black. 2. E. ocreatum. Achenes linear-oblong, acute. 3. E. gracile. 1. Eriophorum polystachyon L. In bogs from Greenl. to Alaska, Ga. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-11,500 ft. — Hamor's Lake, north of Durango; Seven Lakes; West Cliff; Estes Park, Larimer Co. 2. Eriophorum ocreatum A. Nels. In bogs of Wyo. and Colo. — Twin Lakes. 3. Eriophorum gracile Koch. In bogs from Newf. to Alaska, Pa. and Calif. — Estes Park, Larimer Co. 4. SCIRPUS L. Bull-rush, Club-rush. Involucre of a single bract or wanting. Spikelets solitary, rarely 2 together ; plants dwarfed. Annuals; bristles none. i. S. coloradensis. Perennials ; bristles present. Involucre none. 2. 5. pauciftorus. Involucre of one erect bract. CYPERACEAE. 59 Bristles present, longer than the achenes. 3. 5". caespitosus. Bristles wanting. 4. 5. ptimilis. Spikelets normally more than one, usually several or many ; taller plants. Spikelets few, 1-12, appearing lateral. Annual with fibrous roots. 5. S. Hallii. Perennial with rootstocks. 6. .S". aniericanus. Spikelets numerous, umbellate. 7. 6". lacustre. Involucre of 2 or more leaves with flat blades. Spikelets few, umbelled or capitate, relatively large. 8. S. cainpestris. Spikelets numerous, in compound umbels or in umbelled heads, relatively small. Style-branches 2 ; achenes plano-convex ; bristles mostly 4. 9. S. rubrotinctus. Style-branches 3; achenes 3-angular ; bristles 6. 10. 6". atrovirens. 1. Scirpus coloradensis Britt. On muddy shores of lakes in northern Colo. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Larimer Co. 2. Scirpus pauciflorus Lightf. In wet soil from Anticosti to B. C, N. Y. and Calif. — Alt. 9500-11,500 ft. — Antonito; Seven Lakes; Ruxton Dell; Georgetown. 3. Scirpus caespitosus L. In bogs and among wet rocks from Greenl. to Alaska, N. C. and Colo.; also Europe and Asia. — Lat. 39°-4i°.* 4. Scirpus pumilus Vahl. In wet places in alpine regions in Alb. and Colo. — " Rocky Mountains." 5. Scirpus Hallii A. Gray. In wet soil from Mass. to Colo., Fla. and Tex. ; also Mex. — Locality not given. 6. Scirpus americanus Pers. (S. pitngens Vahl.) In fresh and alkaline swamps from Me. to B. C, Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-6500 ft. — Plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Julesburg; mesas near Pueblo; Colorado Springs; Lake City; Spring Caiion ; Platte River, Denver; Fort Collins. 7. Scirpus lacustris L. In lakes and swamps from Newf. to B. C, Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft. — Gypsum, Eagle Co.; Walsenburg; Ft. Col- lins ; Grand Junction ; Buffalo Pass, Park Range ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; near Ft. Collins. 8. Scirpus campestris Britton. {S. maritimus of Coult. Man.) In wet places, especially with alkaline soil, from Man. to Wash., Tex. and Ariz. ; also Mex. — Alt. 4000-6500 ft. — Ft. Collins ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Mont- rose; Walsenburg; Grand Junction; lowland along Poudre River; Ft. Collins. 9. Scirpus rubrotictus Fernald. In swamps from Newf. to Ida., N. Y. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — McCoy; La Veta; Steamboat Springs, Routt Co. 10. Scirpus atrovirens Muhl. In swamps from N. Sc. to Sask., Ga. and La. and Colo. West of Man. and Nebr. it is only represented by v. pallidus Britt. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Ft. Collins; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; along Poudre River, Ft. Collins. 5. ELEOCHARIS R. Br. Spike-rush. Style-branches 2. Annuals with fibrous roots. i. E. afropurpurca. Perennials with horizontal rootstock. Culm stout ; tubercle conic-triangular. 2. E. palustris. Culm slender ; tubercle narrower. 3- E. glaucescens. * Hall & Harbour, who collected in Colorado, did not give any definite locali- ties. On the labels is only given: Rocky Mts., lat. 39°-4i°. 4- £. acicularis. 5- E. acuminata. 6. E. arenicola. 7- E. montatta. 60 CYPERACEAE. Style-branches 3. Achcnes canccllate and longitudinally ribbed ; spikclet flat. Achenes smooth, papillose or reticulate ; spikelet terete. Achencs papillose. Achenes finely reticulate. Spikelets ovoid, blunt. Spikelets narrowly oblong, acute. 1. Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) Kunlli. In wet soil from Iowa to Colo., Fla. and N. Mcx. ; also Mcx. and Trop. Am. — Reported from Colorado, but doubtful. 2. Eleocharis palustris (L.) R. & S. In swamps from Lab. and Alaska to Va. and Calif. ; also in Europe and Asia. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Trimble Springs, near Durango; Gunnison; Ruxton Dell; Sterling, Logan Co.; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Ft. Collins ; along Platte River, near Denver. 3. Eleocharis glaucescens (Willd.) Schultes. In swamps and wet mead- ows from Me. to Mont., Fla. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Cucharas River, below La Veta; Julesburg; mesas near Pueblo; Quimby. 4. Eleocharis acicularis (L.) R. & S. In wet soil and mud from Newf. to Sask., \\'asli., Fla. and Calif. ; also Mex., Cent. Am., Europe and Asia. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Divide between Colorado Springs and Denver; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Georgetown ; river bank. Ft. Collins. 5. Eleocharis acuminata (Muhl.) Nees. In wet soil from N. Sc. to Alb., Ga., La. and Colo. — Mt. Lincoln. 6. Eleocharis arenicola Torn On sandy shores and in swamps from S. C. to Colo., Fla. and Tex. — Salida. 7. Eleocharis montana (H. B. K.) R. & S. In wet places from Colo, to Calif, and Mex. — Alt. about 7000 ft.— Dolores. 6. FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl. Leaves strongly involute. i. F. castanea. Leaves flat. 2. F. thermalis. 1. Fimbristylis castanea (Michx.) Vahl. In saline soil from N. Y. to Neb., Fla. and Tex.— Lat. 39°-4i°- 2. Fimbristylis thermalis S. Wats. Usually near warm springs from Colo, to Calif. — Sterling, Logan Co. 7. ELYNA Schrad. I. Elyna Bellardi (All.) Koch. (Kobresia scirpina Willd.) In wet places in alpine or arctic regions from Greenl. to Alaska and Alb. ; also in Colo. — Alt. 8500-13,000 ft. — South Park; Twin Lakes; Georgetown; Clear Creek, near Georgetown; summit of Mt. Garfield; Ruxton Dell; Sierra Blanca. 8. CAREX L. Sedge. Stigmata 2 ; spikes all or nearly all bisexual, or dioecious, sessile. ViGNEAE. Stigmata 3 ; or if 2, the spikes mostly unisexual, the lateral ones pistillate (species of Microrhynchae, C. pulla and C. misandra). Carices genuinae. CYPERACEAE. 61 VIGNEAE. I. Spike single, androgj'nous* or unisexual. Perigynia erect, with the hyaline beak split on the convex face. 2. Neurochlaenae. Perigynia spreading at maturity, spongious at the base with a serrate bidentate beak. 5. C. gynocrates. II. Spikes several. A. Beak of the perigynium entire, truncate or oblique. Spikes remote ; perigynia erect, several-nerved ; scales hyaline. Spikes green; perigynia not winged. i. Brachystachyae. Spikes brown; perigynia winged. 21. C. siccata. Spikes sessile in a rounded or ovoid head. Perigynia erect, prominently many-nerved. 10. Cephalostachyae. Perigynia spreading, nerveless or nearly so. 11. Sphaerostachvae. B. Beak of perigynium bidentate or in the last split on one side. 1. Spikes androgynous or dioecious. Perigynia elliptic and acuminate to orbicular, faintly nerved or nerveless, slightly spreading, spongious at the base, from green to brownish. 5. Acanthophorae. Perigynia ovate or lanceolate, nerved. Spikes in a dense-flowered spicate inflorescence ; bracts often conspicu- ous ; perigynia not spongious at the base, winged. 6. Xerochlaenae. Spikes in an interrupted spicate inflorescence ; bracts inconspicuous ; perigynia spongious at the base. 7. Phaenocarp^e. 2. Spikes gynaecandrous.-j- Perigynia wingless. Spikes silvery to light green, remote ; perigynia membranous, light green, erect. 3. Argyranthae. Spikes brownish. Perigynia spreading, spongious at the base ; spikes in a spicate inflo- rescence. 4. Astrostachvae. Perigynia erect ; spikes in an oval or rounded head. 23. C. Bonplandii. Perigynia winged. Perigynia lanceolate to ovate, narrowly winged ; scales brownish. 8. AtI!ROSTACHY"AE. Perigynia ovate to nearly orbicular, broadly winged ; scales green to light brown. 9. Pterocarpae. CARICES GENUINAE. I. Perigynia neither inflated nor tapering into a long beak. A. Spike solitary. Perigynia glabrous ; beak not ciliate. Perigynia erect or in C. obtusafa horizontally bent. Perigynia greenish. 16. Leiochlaenae. Perigynia brown. Achenes terete. 19. Lamprochlaenae. Achenes triquetrous. 34. C. Parryana. Perigynia reflexed. 17. Athrochlaenae. Perigynia pubescent or at least the beak ciliate. Perigynia membranous ; scales very broad and scarious-margined ; bracts not foliaceous. 20. Elynanthae. Perigynia not membranous ; scales narrow, acuminate ; bracts more or less foliaceous. 58. C. scirpoidea and 59. C. oreocharis. B. Spikes several. *Staminate above, pistillate below. ■j- Pistillate above, staminate below. 62 CVrERACKAE. 1. Peripj'iiia conijjrcsscd ; scales very dark. Spikes all Kynaccaiulroiis or the lateral pistillate ; stigmata 3 (except some- times in C. inisaiuira). Spikes all ij>'naecandrous. ij. Mklanaxthak. Lateral spikes pistillate. Spikes sessile or nearly so. 12. Micr.ANANTiiAE. Spikes long-peduncled. 18. Stknocarpae. Terminal spike staminate, the lateral pistillate or the uppermost of these staminate or androgynous. Stigmata 3 ; spikes oblong. 35. C. Kaynoldsii. Stigmata 2; spikes cylindrical. 13. Microrii ynciiak. 2. Perigynia turgid. Spikes 2-4, all gynaecandrous, dark brown ; perigynia gibbous, papillose. 14. AiCOKASTAI IIVAE. Spikes several ; the terminal and sometimes the uppermost of the lateral ones staminate : the rest pistillate or in C. Backii all androgynous. Perigynia glabrous ; spikes peduncled. Beak short or none ; spikes erect, loosely flowered ; perigynia nerved. 15. Cenciirocarpak. Beak prominent, bifid or bidentate. Spikes not very densely flowered, drooping : perigynia faintly nerved, erect or slightly spreading. 23. Hymenochlaenae. Spikes densely flowered, erect ; perigynia nerved, squarose at ma- turity. 24. Spirostachvae. Perigynia pubescent. Pistillate spikes few-flowered, roundish ; perigynia obovate to globose, obscurely nerved : bracts foliaceous but sheathless. 21. Sphaeridiophorae. Pistillate spikes cylindric, dense-flowered ; perigynia ovate or ovate- lanceolate, nerved ; bracts sheathing. 22. Trichocarpae. II. Perigynia inflated and tapering into a long beak. Perigynia abruptly contracted into a very long, slender beak. 66. C. loiigirostris. Perigynia gradually tapering into the beak. Perigynia, at least the lower, reflexed at maturity, sessile ; bracts sheathing. 25. Echinostachyae. Perigynia not reflexed. Bracts sheathless ; perigynia sessile. 26. Physocarpae. Bracts sheathing; perigynia stipitate. 27. Rhynchopiiorae. I. VIGNEAE. Stigmata 2. Spikes all or nearly all bisexual or dioecious, sessile. I. Braciiystachyae. Spikes several, short and fevi^-flowered, sessile, remote, light-green; scales hyaline ; perigynium erect, several-nerved, spongious at the base. Spikes gynaecandrous (i. e., pistillate above, staminate below) ; bracts inconspic- uous ; perigynium light-green, ovate, tapering into a short, almost entire beak. 1. C. caiiescens. Spikes androgynous (j. e., staminate above, pistillate below) ; bracts narrow, but conspicuous ; perigynium shining reddish-brown, abruptly-beaked. 2. C. tenella. 2. Neurochlaenae. Spike single, androgynous, shining reddish-brown; perigynium erect, ob- long, faintly nerved, scabrous along the short hyaline beak, with the orifice slit on the convex face. One species. 3- C. nardina. CYPERACEAE. 63 3. Argyranthae. Spikes several, short and loose-flowered, sessile, remote, silvery to light- green, gynaecandrous ; bracts short ; scales hyaline ; perigynium erect, mem- branaceous, light-green, stipitate, lanceolate, nerved, serrate along the mar- gins, tapering into a long bidentate beak. One species. 4. C. Dezveyana. 4. ASTROSTACHYAE. Spike single or several, short and few-flowered, sessile, remote ; bracts short and narrow ; scales brownish ; perigynium sessile, spreading at matur- ity, cordate to ovate, several-nerved, spongious at base, tapering into a ser- rate, bidentate beak. Spike single, unisexual or androgynous. 5. C. gynocrates. Spike several, gynaecandrous. Perigynium narrowly ovate, faintly nerved. 6. C. stellulata. Perigynium broadly ovate, prominently nerved. 7. C. sterilis. 5. ACANTHOPHORAE. Spikes several, short, but dense-flowered, sessile, androgynous ; bracts often long ; scales greenish to brown ; perigynium slightly spreading, elliptical and acuminate to suborbicular, faintly nerved or nerveless, spongious at base, narrowly winged, the beak serrulate, bidentate. Spikes green, forming a dense, decompound panicle. 8. C. vulpinoidea. Spikes forming a spike or head. Inflorescence spicate. Spike interrupted. 9. C. Hookeriana. Spike contiguous. 10. C. occidentalis. Inflorescence capitate. 11. C. Hoodii. 6. Xerochlaenae. Spikes many, small, in a dense-flowered spicate inflorescence, sessile, con- tiguous, androgynous or dioecious; bracts often conspicuous; scales brown- ish ; perigynium stipitate, erect, ovate to lanceolate, nerved, brown, winged, serrulate along the margins, tapering into a distinct, bidentate beak. Scales acuminate. Perigynium ovate, acuminate; spikes often unisexual. 12. C. marcida. Perigynium lanceolate; spikes bisexual. 13. C. Sartwellii. Scales avvned, perigynium ovate-lanceolate ; spikes mostly unisexual. 14. C. Douglasii. 7. Phaenocarpae. Spikes small, many in an interrupted spicate inflorescence, sometimes pan- iculately branched, sessile, contiguous or nearly so, androgynous; bracts in- conspicuous; scales brownish; perigynium somewhat spreading, ovate, nerved, shining brown, spongious at base, the beak serrulate, bidentate. One species. 15. C. teretiuscula. 8. Athrostachyae. Spikes several, but not many, in a dense-flowered spike or head, sessile, gynaecandrous; bracts seldom conspicuous; scales brownish; perigynium 64 CYPERACEAE. erect, lanceolate to ovate, more or less winged, very seldom wingless, taper- ing into a long serrulate or ciliatc beak, with tlic orifice oblique or bidentatc. Perigynium winged. Spikes in an oval or roundish head ; perigynium ovate to lanceolate ; beak slit on the convex side. Bracts longer than the inflorescence. 17. C. athrostachya. Bracts inconspicuous. Perigynium broadly ovate to suborbicular, rather light brown or greenish. 18. C. f estiva. Perigynium lanceolate, very dark brown and shining. i8a. C. cbenca. Spikes in a more or less distinct spike. Perigynium lanceolate, narrowly winged, ciliate ; inflorescence short. 16. C. scoparia. Perigynium ovate. Beak bidentate. Perigynium thin, green ; spikes nodding when young, tapering at the base. 20. C. pratensis. Perigynium firm, brown ; spikes erect, strict. 22. C. Liddonii. Beak not bidentate. Beak slit on the convex side. 19. C. petasata. Beak oblique at the orifice. 21. C. siccata. Perigj'nium not winged. 23. C. Bonplandii. 9. Pterocarpae. Spikes several, large and heavy, dense-flowered, contiguous or the lower ones remote, sessile, gynaecandrous ; bracts inconspicuous ; scales light-brown to green; perigynium erect, ovate to almost orbicular, much compressed, nerved, broadly winged, prominently serrulate, the beak bidentate. Spikes ovate in a roundish head. 25. C. straminiformis. Spikes in a spicate inflorescence. Perigynium about 5-nerved. 24. C. straminea. Perigynium 7-1 5-nerved. 26. C. festncacea. 10. Cephalostachyae. Spikes several, reddish brown, androgynous, dense-flowered, sessile in a roundish or ovoid head; bracts inconspicuous; scales ovate, acute; peri- gyniimi stipitate, erect, ovate, turgid, spongious, prominently many-nerved, shining reddish-brown, the beak scabrous, obliquely cut, with hyaline orifice. One species. 27. C. stenophylla. 11. Sphaerostachyae. Spikes several, androgynous, dense-flowered, sessile in a roundish head ; bracts inconspicuous; scales broadly ovate with hyaline margins; perigynium spreading at maturity, stipitate, ovate, turgid, nerveless or nearly so, yellow- ish, becoming fuscous at maturity, scabrous along the prominent, obliquely cut beak. One species. 28. C. incurva. CYPERACEAE. 65 II. CARICES GENUINAE. Stigmata 2 or 3. Spikes mostly miisexual. 12. Melananthae. Spikes several, dense-flowered, mostly peduncled and drooping, contiguous, gynaecandrous or the terminal staminate, the lateral pistillate ; bracts con- spicuous, but narrow, sheathless ; scales dark-colored ; perigynium sessile, erect, very seldom spreading, sessile, more or less compressed, elliptical, few- nerved, granvilated and often scabrous along the upper margins, purplish- spotted to almost black, the beak short, entire to emarginate; stigmata 3. Spikes several. Terminal spike gynaecandrous or in C. Parryana sometimes pistillate. All spikes gynaecandrous peduncled and often somewhat drooping. Spikes ovate. Scales and perigynia blackish. 31. C. atrata. Scales and perigynia copper-colored. 32. C. chalciolepis. Spikes cylindric ; scales blackish ; perigynia light-green. 33. C. bella. Lateral spikes pistillate, sessile, erect. Spikes contiguous in a dense head. Perigynia erect. 29. C. alpina. Perigynia spreading. 30. C. rnelanoccphala. Spikes somewhat remote, spicate. Perigynia subtriquetrous ; lateral spikes usually small or none ; scales purplish, with hyaline margins. 34. C. Parryana. Perigynia compressed ; lateral spikes not reduced ; scales purplish. 36. C. Buxbaumii. Terminal spike staminate, the lateral pistillate and peduncled, but erect and contiguous. 35- C. Raynoldsii. Spike single. 34. C. Parryana. 13. MiCRORHYNCHAE. Spikes several, cylindrical, often dense-flowered, sessile or short peduncled, erect, remote, the terminal staminate, the lateral pistillate or the uppermost staminate or androgynous ; bracts foliaceous, sheathless ; scales dark, obtuse ; perigynia often stipitate, erect, compressed, roundish-ovate to elliptical, more or less prominently nerved, granulated, often scabrous along the upper mar- gins, pale green, the beak mostly minute, entire to emarginate; stigmata 2. Perigynia compressed ; beak not bent horizontally. Spikes sessile. Perigynia several-nerved : spikes remote. Perigynia stipitate, deciduous ; beak entire. 38. C. vulgaris. Perigynia persistent ; beak bidentate. 44. C. nebraskensis. Perigynia 2-nerved, not deciduous ; spikes contiguous. 39. C. rigida. Spikes peduncled. Spikes short ; scales spreading, acuminate, longer than the scabrous roundish perigynia. 40. C. chimaphila. Spikes long and cylindric, remote. Perigynia rhombic, entirely beakless. 37- C. rhomboidea. Perigynia beaked. Perigynia stipitate, oval. 41. C. acutina. Perigynia sessile, obovate to broadly elliptic. 43. C. variabilis. Perigynium turgid, with a beak bent horizontally ; spikes sessile or nearly so. 45. C. scopulorum. 66 CYPERACEAE. 14. Aeorastaciiyae. Spikes several, short, but dense-flowered, long-peduncled and drooping, somewhat remote, the terminal staminatc, the lateral gynaecandrous; bracts narrow, sheathless; scales dark-colored, lanceolate-acuminate, longer than the perigj'nium, which is stipitate, erect, orbicular to obovate gibbous, papil- lose, nerved, with a short, entire beak; stigmata 3. One species. 46. C. niagcllanica. 15. Cenchrocarpae. spikes several, loose-flowered, peduncled, but erect, contiguous, the ter- minal staminate or gynaecandrous, the lateral pistillate ; bracts foliaceous, sheathing; scales dark or greenish; perigynium erect, turgid, glabrous, dis- tinctly several-nerved, the beak short or none ; stigmata 3. Terminal spike staminate or gynaecandrous ; perigynium globose, orange-colored, beakless or nearly so. 47- C. aurea. Terminal spike staminate ; perigynium obovate, greenish, abruptly beaked, with the orifice hyaline. 48. C. Torreyi. 16. Leiochlaenae. Spike one, lax and few-flowered, androgynous; scales hyaline, mucronate; perigynium erect, pale-green, stipitate with a short beak or beakless. Perigynium many-nerved, elliptical, emarginate, beakless. 49. C. polytriclioides. Perigynium oval, two-nerved, shortly beaked. 50. C. Geyeri. 17. Athrochlaenae. Spike one, dense and many-flowered, androgynous, the pistillate portion squarrose at maturity; scales lanceolate to oblong, deciduous; perigynium shining, brown, reflexed at maturity, ovate to linear-oblong, prominently stipitate, nerveless, tapering into a long beak; stigmata mostly 3. Rootstock creeping, stoloniferous ; leaves flat ; perigynium ovate, the beak two- lobed. 51. C. nigricans. Rootstock caespitose, matted ; leaves very narrow, involute ; perigynium linear- oblong, the beak obliquely cut. 52. C. pyrenaica. 18. Stenocarpae. Spikes several, very dark, dense-flowered, borne on long, capillary pedun- cles, more or less drooping, the terminal gynaecandrous, the lateral pistil- late ; scales very dark, acuminate ; perigynium purplish, erect, attenuated at both ends, compressed, nerveless, the beak long, serrulate, with the orifice oliquely cut to bifid, hyaline ; stigmata 2 or 3. One species. 53. C. misandra. 19. Lamprociilaenae. Spike one, short and few-flowered, androgynous ; scales broad, brownish ; perigynium obovate to elliptical, obscurely nerved or nerveless, the beak short, with the orifice entire or obliquely cut; stigmata 3. CYPERACEAE. 67 Spike dull-brown ; perigynium erect or slightly spreading at maturity, obovate, shortly beaked or beakless, the orifice entire. 54. C. rupestris. Spike shining, reddish-brown ; perigynium horizontally bent at maturity, turgid, coriaceous, obscurely nerved, the short beak with hyaline orifice. 55. C. obtusafa. 20. Elynanthae. Spike single, androgynous, the pistillate portion few-flowered; scales very broad; perigynium membranaceous, whitish to brown, erect, sessile, oval to obovoid, pubescent or ciliate above, the beak short, with the orifice entire or obliquely cut; stigmata 3. Spike silvery-shining, light-brown ; perigynium oval, pubescent, the beak entire. 56. C. aiifolia. Spike reddish-brown ; perigynium obovoid, attenuated at both ends, the beak cili- ate, obliquely cut. 57. C. elynoides. 21. Sphaeridiophorae. Spike one, the plant dioecious or monoecious, or several, the terminal staminate, the lateral pistillate; the latter few-flowered, roundish, mostly ses- sile or the basal long-peduncled ; bracts foliaceous, sheathless ; scales acu- minate, often mucronate, green to blackish ; perigynium dark-green, stipitate or sessile, obovate to globose, pubescent, obscurely nerved, the beak mostly short, obliquely cut or bidentate, with the teeth erect; stigmata 3. Spikes solitary ; beak short, obliquely cut. Dioecious ; spike very dark, many-flowered ; perigynium strigosely hairy, obo- vate to oval. 58. C. scirpoidca. Monoecious ; spike androgynous, silvery-shining ; perigynium minutely pubescent, broadly elliptic. 59. C. oreocharis. Spikes several. Rhizome stoloniferous ; spikes dark-colored, sessile or nearly so ; perigynium globose, abruptly beaked ; beak short, entire or 2-lobed. 60. C. pennsylvanica. Rhizome caespitose ; spikes peduncled, light-green to brown. Perigynium oval, stipitate; beak bifid. 61. C. Rossii. Perigynium globose ; beak long, obliquely cut. 62. C. umbellata. 22. TrICHOCARPAE. Spikes several, cylindrical, dense-flowered, sessile or the lowest one pedun- cled, but erect, remote, the terminal and uppermost lateral staminate, the others pistillate; bracts foliaceous, long and sheathing; scales purplish or brown, mucronate to aristate; perigynia erect, sessile, ovate to ovate-lanceo- late, turgid, more or less pubescent, nerved, the beak prominent, bidentate; stigmata 3. Perigynium ovate, densely pubescent. 63. C. lanuginosa. Perigynium ovate-lanceolate, sparingly pubescent, the beak with very long, diverg- ing teeth. 64. C. aristata. 23. Hymenochlaenae. Spikes several, androgynous or the terminal staminate, the lateral pistil- late, not very dense-flowered, long-peduncled and drooping; bracts folia- ceous, sheathing; scales hyaline, mucronate; perigynia erect to slightly 68 CYPERACEAE. spreading, oval to elliptical, glabrous below, faintly lurved, the beak promi- nent, scabrous, bifid or bidentate; stigmata 3. Spikes androgynous, light-green. 65. C. Backii. Spikes staminate or pistillate on the same culm. Spikes green ; perigynium inflated, orbicular, the beak very long, linear, with the orifice obliquely cut. 66. C. longirostris. Spikes shining, reddish-brown ; perigynium elliptical, the beak entire. 67. C. capillaris. 24. SriROSTACHYAE. Spikes several, rather short, dense-flowered, peduncled, but erect, remote, squarrose at maturity, the terminal staminate, the lateral pistillate; bracts foliaceous, sheathing; scales light-brown, acuminate; perigynia greenish, spreading, oval to elliptical, turgid, sessile, nerved, glabrous, the beak long, scabrous, bifid ; stigmata 3. One species. 68. C. viridnla. 25. ECHINOSTACHVAE. Spike one, androgynous, or several, the terminal staminate, the lateral pistillate, cylindrical, dense-flowered, peduncled, but erect, squarrose at ma- turity; bracts foliaceous, very long, sheathing; scales lanceolate, light-brown; perigynium greenish, more or less inflated, nerved, glabrous, the beak long, bidentate ; stigmata 3. Spike one, androgynous ; perigynium reflexed at maturity, narrowly lanceolate, orifice of beak oblique ; rhacheola extended through orifice of the beak. 69. C. microglochin. Spikes several, the ternvnal staminate, the lateral pistillate ; perigynium ovate, much inflated, spreading at maturity, the beak bifurcate ; rhacheola not ex- tended. 70. C. retrorsa. 26. Physocarpae. Spike one, androgynous, or several, the tenninal and, sometimes, the upper- most lateral staminate, the others pistillate, cylindrical, sessile or the lower- most peduncled, dark-colored; bracts foliaceous, sheathless; scales lanceo- late, acuminate, brownish or purple ; perigynia shining, spreading, but not reflexed, membranaceous, globular to oblong-elliptical, inflated, sessile ; nerved, the beak short, bidentate or merely emarginate ; stigmata 2 or 3. Spike single, androgynous ; perigynium elliptical, tapering into a bidentate beak. 71. C. Engehnannii. Spikes several. Pistillate spikes cylindrical, often very long ; perigynium inflated, many-nerved, oblong-elliptical, tapering into a cylindrical, bifurcate beak ; stigmata 3. 72. C. utrxculata. Pistillate spikes short, blackish ; perigynium slightly inflated, broadly ovate, nerveless, the beak short, emarginate ; stigmata 2. 73. C. pulla. 27. Rhynchophorae. Spikes several, cylindrical, very robust and dense-flowered, sessile or nearly so, mostly erect, contiguous, the terminal and, sometimes, the uppermost lateral staminate, the others pistillate; bracts foliaceous and very long, sheath- CYPERACEAE. 69 ing; scales light-green, lanceolate, mucronate to aristate; perigynia greenish, erect, stipitate, membranaceous, ovate, much inflated, prominently nerved, glabrous or scabrous along the long beak, which is sharply bifurcate; stig- mata 3. Perigynium subglobose, glabrous, the beak bifurcate. 74. C. tnonile. Perigynium very large, ovate, scabrous, prominently stipitate, the beak very long, bifurcate. 75. C. lupulina. 1. Carex canescens L. In bogs from Newf. to B. C, Va., Colo, and Ore.; also in Europe and Asia. — Alt. 8500-11,500 ft. — Marshall Pass; Lake Mor- aine; Trapper's Lake; Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; lat. 39°-4i°.* 2. Carex tenella Schkur. In bogs, especially in the woods, from Newf. to B. C, N. J., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 6000-11,500 ft. — North Park; Castle Caiion ; Graymont ; Colorado Springs ; near Gray's Peak ; near Pagosa Peak ; Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; Twin Lakes; Little Beaver Creek; Mt. Elbert; along Quail Creek, near Stevens' Mine. 3. Carex nardina Fries. From Greenl. to Alaska. Colo, and Ore. ; also Europe. — Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. — Silver Plume ; Mt. Elbert. 4. Carex Deweyana Schwein. In woods from N. S. to Ore., Pa. and N. Mex. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Foot-hills, Larimer Co. 5. Carex gynocrates Wormskj. In bogs from Labr. and Alaska to Pa. and Colo. — Mosquito ; South Park. 6. Carex stellulata Good. In bogs, Labr. and Alaska to Colo. ; also Europe and Asia. — Wet Mountain Valley ; Beaver Creek. Larimer Co. 7. Carex sterilis Willd. In moist soil from Newf. to B. C, Fla. and Calif. — Twin Lakes ; South Park. 8. Carex vulpinoidea Michx. In swamps and wet meadows from N. B. to Man., Fla., Tex. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Brantly Canon, Las Animas Co. 9. Carex Hookeriana Dew. Dry meadows from Sask. and B. C. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Ft. Collins ; Los Pinos ; hills about Trinidad ; dry meadows at Dix; gulch south of Rist Canon. 10. Carex occidentalis Bailey. (C muricata Americana Bailey.) In mead- ows from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 6500-11,000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak; Sierra Blanca; Montrose; Estes Park; Cedar Edge; Green Mountain Falls, near Pike's Peak ; La Plata Caiion ; Mt. Hesperus ; gulch west of Soldier Canon; lat. 39°-4i°. 11. Carex Hoodii Boott. (C muricata confixa Bailey.) In meadows from Mont, and B. C. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Continental Divide, Routt Co.; foot of Mt. Richtofen, on the Michigan; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co. ; Hahn's Peak, Routt Co. ; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 12. Carex marcida Dewey. In meadows from Man. to B. C, Neb., N. M. and Nev. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft. — Gunnison; Colorado Springs; mesas near Pueblo; Cucharas River, below La Veta; North Park; Pagosa Springs; Durango; Ft. Collins; Buena Vista; Twin Lakes; South Park; moist meadow. Fort Collins. 13. Carex Sartwellii Dewey. In swamps from Ont. to B. C, N. Y. and Utah.— South Park; lat. 39°-4i°. * See footnote on page 59. 7t> CYPERACEAE. 14. Carex Douglasii I'xmtt. In dry or alkaline soil from Man. to B. C, Neb., N. .M. and Calif. — Alt. 3000-11,000 ft. — Antonito; Ruxton Dell; Gunnison; I ronton; plains near Denver; Cucliaras Valley, near La Vcta; Ft. Collins; La riata Canon; Grizzly Creek; pasture, Walton Creek flats; near Long's Peak ; in the Spruce Zone, headwaters of Clear Creek. 15. Carex teretiuscula Good. In swamps and meadows from N. Sc. to B. C, Pa. and CoIo.^Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Ilamor's Lake. j6. Carex scoparia Schkur. In moist soil from N. S. to Man., Fla. and Colo. — Alt. up to 7o-' SALICACKAE. Cimarron; cliaparrcl-covcrcd liills southeast of Ouray; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Fort Collins; Mancos; Garden of the Gods; near l^oulder; Rist Canon; banks of the Poudre River; Redstone; Hardin's ranch; Trinidad. 2. SALIX L. Willow. Capsule glabrous. Filaments hairy, at least below ; bracts caducous, light yellow. Stamens 3-7 ; stipe slender, 2-5 times as long as the nectaries. Petioles without glands; leaves serrulate, thin. I. Amvgd.alinae. Petioles with glands ; leaves densely glandular-serrate. II. Pentandrae. Stamens 2: stipe very short or none. III. Longifoi.iae. Filaments glabrous ; bracts persistant, seldom light yellow. IV. Cordatae. Capsule hairy. Filaments hairy. Leaf-blades linear to lanceolate not very veiny ; bracts caducous ; tall shrubs. III. Lo.xgifgi.iae. Leaf-blades oval or suborbicular, very veiny ; bracts persistent ; depressed shrubs. IX. Reticulatae. Filaments glabrous ; bracts more or less persistent. Capsule rostrate, distinctly stipitate ; style none or short, always shorter than the stipe. Stipe equalling or exceeding the bracts ; styles H mm. or less long. V. ROSTRATAE. Stipe shorter than the bracts ; styles usually about i mm. long. VI. Brachvstachyae. Capsule scarcely rostrate, subsessile or if stipitate, stipe shorter than the style. Style evident, at least J-4 mm. long. Leaves permanently white-silky or tomentose, at least beneath. VII. Pellitae. Leaves either green or grayish beneath. VIII. Arcticae. Style none ; depressed shrubs with entire strongly veined leaves. IX. Reticulatae. I. Amvgdalinae. Leaf-blades narrowly lanceolate; petioles short. i. 5'. Wriglitii. Leaf-blades broadly lanceolate ; petioles slender. 2. S. amygdaloides. II. Pentandrae. Represented only by 3. 5". Fendlcriana. III. L0NGIF0LL\E. Capsule glabrous. Capsule sessile. 4- S. exigua. Capsule stipitate. Leaves permanently silky. Leaves 3-5 mm. wide ; ovary without hairy swelling at the apex. 5. 5". luteosericea. Leaves 2-3 mm. wide ; ovary with a hairy swelling at the apex. 6. S. stenophylla. Leaves glabrous when mature. 7- -S". Imearifolia. Capsule more or less pubescent. Capsule sparingly silky, often becoming glabrous in age. Leaves permanently silky ; bracts not densely silky. 5. 5. luteosericea. Leaves glabrous or nearly so when mature : bracts densely silky ; aments dense. 8. 5". sessiliflora. Capsule densely white-villous ; stigma sessile. 9. S. argophylla. SALICACEAE. 93 IV. CORDATAE. Capsule long-stipitate ; stipe in fruit 1.5-6 mm. long, equalling or longer than the bracts ; style 0.5 mm. or less long ; aments leafy-peduncled. Leaves dark green above, strongly serrate ; young branches not light yellow. 10. 5". cordata. Leaves yellowish green, entire or crenulate ; young branches light yellow. 11. 5". Watsoni. Capsule subsessile or very short-stipitate ; stipe in fruit less than 1.5 mm. long and much shorter than the bracts; style 0.5-1.5 mm. long; aments subsessile and naked or subtended by a few small leaves. Branches without a bloom. Leaves lanceolate to ovate or obovate, more or less distinctly serrate. Leaves thin, ovate or obovate, light green and dull above. 12. 5". padophylla. Leaves firm, dark-green and shining above, lanceolate. Style 1.5 mm. long; aments 2.5-6 cm. long. 13. 5". pseudocordata. Style less than i mm. long; aments 1-2.5 cm. long. 14. S. monticola. Leaves linear-lanceolate to oblong, entire. 15. S. IVol/ii. Branches with a bloom. 16. S. irrorata. V. ROSTRATAE. Leaves linear to lanceolate or oblanceolate. Leaves more or less silky ; branches tisually with a bloom. 17. S. Geyeriana. Leaves not silky; branches without a bloom. 18. 5". macrocarpa. Leaves ovate to obovate. Mature leaves thin, glabrous, faintly nerved. 19. S. perrostrata. Mature leaves firm, pubescent or tomentose beneath, more strongly nerved. 20. .S". Bebbiana. VL Brachystachyae. Only represented by 21. S. Nuttallii. VIL Pellitae. Only represented by 22. S. pachnophora. VIIL Arcticae. Leaves grayish-villous on both sides, although less so above. Twigs white-villousj branches yellow or grayish. 23. 5". brachycarpa. Twigs puberulent, rarely villous ; branches usually purplish. Leaf-blades oblong or linear-oblong ; bracts obovate ; shrub depressed. 24. 5". pseudolapponuin. Leaf-blades oblanceolate or obovate-oblanceolate ; bracts oblong ; shrub not depressed. 25. S. glaucops. Leaves glabrate or when young covered with white hairs parallel to the mid- rib. Shrubs not creeping ; leaf-blades oval to oblong or lanceolate. Aments leafy-peduncled. 25. S. glaucops glabrala. Aments subsessile, naked from lateral buds. 26. S. chlorophylla. Shrubs creeping ; leaf-blades obovate to oblanceolate. 27. S. pctrophila. IX. Reticulatae. Only represented by 28. 6". saximontana. 1. Salix Wrightii Anders. Along streams from Tex. to Colo, and Calif. — 'Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — Arkansas River; Denver. 2. Salix amygdaloides Anders. Along streams from Que. to Wash., N. Y., Mo. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Plains, Colorado Springs; Denver; Wal- 04 SALICACEAE. senburg; Cucliaras river, below La Veta ; mesas near Pueblo; Fort Collins; near Boulder; gulch west of Pennock's mountain ranch; Trinidad; La Porte. 3. Saliz Fendleriana Anders. (S. pcntandra caudata Nutt. ; 5". lasiandra Fcndlcriana Bebb.) Wet mountain valleys and along streams from Alb. to B. C, N. M. and Calif.— Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — New Windsor; Gunnison; on Turkey Creek and tributaries; Los Pinos; along the Uncompahgre River, near Ouray; Ojo; ALincos ; Cimarron; Fort Collins; along the Conejos River, north of Anlonilo: Trail Creek; Steamboat Springs. 4. Salix exigua Nutt. On river-banks from Mackenzie River to Wash., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Plains. Colorado Springs; Twin Lakes; North Park ; Los Pinos ; Trinidad. 5. Salix luteosericea Rydb. On sandy river-bars from Neb. to Mont., Ida. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Fort Collins ; plains, Larimer Co. ; Walsen- burg; Sterling, Logan Co.; near Boulder; Elizabethtown ; Denver; Walton Creek; along the Conejos River, north of Antonito ; Rist Canon; Dolores. 6. Salix stenophylla Rydb. Along streams from Tex. to Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Mancos; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Walsenburg; Gunnison; Cerro Summit. 7. Salix linearifolia Rydb. iS. longifolia tcncrrima Renders.) Along streams from Minn, and Sask. to Wash., Ark. and Colo. — Exact locality not given. 8. Salix sessiliflora Nutt. Along streams from Alb. to Mont, Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Grand Canon; along Uncompahgre River, near Ouray; Grand Junction; Cerro Summit. 9. Salix argophylla Nutt. Along streams from Mont, to Wash., Tex. and Calif. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Fort Collins ; Rist Caiion. 10. Salix cordata angustata (Pursh) Anders. In river-valleys from N. B. to Wash., Va. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Los Pinos; Walsenburg; Cucharas River, below La Veta; on Turkey Creek and tributaries. 11. Salix Watsoni (Bebb.) Rydb. {S. cordata Watsoni Bebb.; 5". iiava Rydb.; not Schoepf.) In river-valleys from Mont, to Calif, and Colo. — Alt. 6000-7000 ft. — Manitou; South Park; Middle Park; Walsenburg; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta. 12. Salix padophylla Rydb. In valleys from Mont, to N. M. — Alt. 8000- 11,000 ft. — Los Pinos; Pass Creek; Ojo; Bob Creek, West La Plata Moun- tains; North Park; on Turkey Creek and tributaries; Gunnison; Carson; Silverton ; near Chambers' Lake ; Dolores. 13. Salix pseudocordata Anders. {S. Novae-Angliae pscudocordata Anders.) Along streams from Sask. to Alb. and Colo. — Alt. 6000-7000 ft. — Manitou; North Park; South Cheyenne Cafion. 14. Salix monticola Bebb. In mountain valleys from Alb. to Ore., Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 2200-3000 ft. — Pike's Peak; Lake City; Georgetown; head- waters of Sangre de Cristo Creek ; North Cheyenne Cafion ; Chamber's Lake ; Sheep Creek, above Campton's. 15. Salix Wolfii Bebb. In mountain valleys of Wyoming and Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,500 ft. — South Park; Tennessee Pass; on Grizzly Creek; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; North Park; Rico; Eldora to Baltimore; Camp Creek, Larimer Co. SALICACEAE. 95 i6. Salix irrorata Anders. In canons and along streams from Colo, to N. M. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — Dry rocks, Cheyenne Mountain; Manitou; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta ; South Cheyenne Canon ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Los Pinos; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; Gunnison; Crested Butte, Gunnison watershed; Grizzly Creek; Sheep Creek, above Campton's; Horse- tooth Gulch ; Rist Caiion ; Howe's Gulch. 17. Salix Geyeriana Anders. In mountain valleys along streams from Wyo. to Wash., Colo, and Ore. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Mountains of Estes Park; Minturn; Columbine; Sargent's; Pinkham Creek, Larimer Co. 18. Salix macrocarpa Nutt. Along streams in the mountains from Wyo. to Wash, and Colo. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Seven Lakes; Stove Prairie, Lari- mer Co. 19. Salix perrostrata Rydb. In valleys and in wet places in the foot-hills from Hudson Bay to Alaska and Colo. — Alt. 1500-2700 ft. — Foot-hills, Colo- rado Springs; foot-hills west of Fort Collins; Los Pinos; South Cheyenne Caiion; Ruxton; Green Mountain Falls; Ojo; Cimarron; Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains ; Pike's Peak Trail ; Rist Cafion ; mountains north- east of Dolores ; Boulder. 20. Salix Bebbiana Sarg. (S. rostrata Richardson) In valleys and on hillsides from Anticosti to Alaska, N. J. and Calif.— Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.— Manitou; Ruxton Dell; Pike's Peak; North Park, Larimer Co.; mountains of Estes Park, Larimer Co.; Horsetooth Gulch; Boulder; Beaver Creek. 21. Salix Nuttallii Sarg. {S. iiavcscens Nutt.) Along streams and in wet valleys from Ass. and B. C. to N. M. and Calif.— Alt. 7000-11,000 ft— Hills about Box Canon, west of Ouray; Wahatoya Caiion; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains; mountains, Larimer Co.; Artists' Glen; North Cheyenne Caiion; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Stove Prairie, Larimer Co.; Mount Baldy; Barnes' Camp on Little South; Redstone; Eldora to Baltimore ; Empire. 22. Salix pachnophora Rydb. In the mountains along streams, Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Rico, Dolores Co. ; along Uncompahgre River ; near Ouray ; Chambers' Lake ; Hahn's Peak, Routt Co. ; Rabbit-Ears. 23. Salix brachycarpa Nutt. {Salix desertorum stricta Anderson; 6". stricta Rydb.) In springy places in the mountains from Que. to Alb. and Colo. — Alt. 7000-11,000 ft. — Twin Lakes; Pike's Peak; Sheep Creek, above Camp- ton's; near Higho; Veta Pass, Sangre de Cristo Range; Walden, Larimer Co. 24. Salix pseudolapponum Seem. On mountain tops of Colorado. — Alt. 9000-13,000 ft. — Gray's Peak; Georgetown; Cimarron Pass; Alpine Tunnel; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Sierra Blanca; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains; Mt. Hesperus, above timber line; West Spanish Peak; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Twin Lakes; Bottomless Pit; east slope Pike's Peak; Dead Lake ; Tennessee Pass ; bank of Michigan, North Park ; mountains above Graymont ; Eldora to Baltimore ; Berthoud Pass. 25. Salix glaucops Anders. In alpine bogs and springy places from Alb. to Yukon Terr., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 7000-13,000 ft. — In var. glabrata Anders., the leaves are nearly glabrous above. — Mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Brush Creek, Custer Co. ; mountains south of Ward, Boulder Co. ; Bear Creek Divide, West La Plata Mountains; Alpine Tunnel; Mt. Abram, or. SALICACF.AK. Ouray; Sliccp Creek, above Caniptoii's ; Sierra Blanca ; near Pagosa Peak; Silver Plume; timber line, Pike's Peak; Ininton Park, nine miles soutb of Ouray; Mt. Harvard; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Marshall's Pass; Car- son; Lake Moraine; mountains above Boreas; head of Red River, I'rankin; Hematite; Cameron Pass; southeast of JeflFerson ; Empire. 26. Salix chlorophylla Anders. In mountain bogs from Lab. to Alaska, N. H. and Colo. — Alt. 8000-12.000 ft. — Georgetown; Clear Creek, Middle Park; Alpine Tunnel; mountains above Boreas; Pike's Peak; Little Kate Basin; Wahatoya Canon; Buffalo Pass, Park Range; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Columbine ; mountains of Estes Park, Larimer Co. ; Carson ; Marshall Pass ; mountains above Boreas ; Cameron Pass ; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. ; Beaver Creek; North Park Range, Routt Co. 27. Salix petrophila Rydb. (S. arctica petraca Anderson) On exposed mountain tops from N. H. to B. C, Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 12,000-14.000 ft. — Gray's Peak; near Pagosa Peak; mountains above Boreas; Mt. Howard; Marshall Pass. 28. Salix saximontana Rydb. {S. reticulata Port. & Coult., in part) On exposed mountain tops from Wyo. to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 9000-14.000 ft. — Clear Creek, Middle Park; Arapahoe Peak; Argentine Pass; Floral Moun- tain ; Georgetown ; Mt. Hesperus ; mountains above Cameron Pass ; Gray's Peak; Bald Mountain; West Spanish Peak; Mount Garfield; Sierra Blanca; Alpine Tunnel ; Franklin ; Ragged Mountain, Gunnison Co. ; Ethel Peak, Larimer Co. Order 20. FAGALES. Staminate and pistillate flowers both in aments ; fruit not with a bur or cup. Staminate flowers 2 or 3 together in the axils of the bracts, each with a calyx ; pistillate flowers without a calyx. 36. Betulace.ak. Staminate flowers solitary in the axils of each bract without a calyx ; pistillate flowers with a calyx. 37. Corvlack.^k. Staminate flowers in aments ; pistillate often solitary, the involucre becoming a cup or bur. 38. Fagaceai;. Family 36. BETULACEAE Agardh. Birch Family. Stamens 2 ; bracts of the mature pistillate aments membranous, usually 3-lobed, deciduous with the nut. i. Betula. Stamens usually 4 (3-6) ; bracts of the mature pistillate aments thickened and woody, erose or toothed, persistent. 2. Alxus. I. BETULA L. BiRCii. Wings of the fruit much wider than the body ; trees or tall shrubs. I. B. foittinalis. Wing of the fruit usually narrower than the body : low shrubs. 2. B. glandiilosa. I. Betula fontinalis Sarg. {B. occidcntalis S. Wats. ; not Hook.) Along streams from S. D. and Alb. to Yukon Terr., N. M. and Ore. — Alt. 5000- 9000 ft. — Walsenburg; Garland; Engelmann Caiion; foot-hills. Fort Collins; Livermore, Larimer Co. ; South Cheyenne Canon ; North Cheyenne Canon ; Ojo; Pass Creek; foot-hills near Fort Collins; Elizabethtown ; Howe's Gulch; west of Rist Canon ; Rist Canon ; Eldora to Baltimore ; Elk River, Routt Co. BETULACEAE. 97 2. Betula glandulosa Michx. In bogs from Greenl. to Alaska, N. H., Colo, and Ore. — Alt. 9000-11,000 ft. — Middle Park; Argentine Pass; Cameron Pass; mountains above Como; Twin Lakes; Seven Lakes; Blue River; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; Ruxton Park; head of Muddy River, Mid- dle Park; Pike's Peak; Tennessee Pass; Silverton; Breckenridge ; betwreen Como and Boreas ; bank of the Big Muddy ; western Gunnison Co. ; Eldora to Baltimore. 2. ALNUS Gaertn. Alder. I. Alnus tenuifolia Nutt. (A. incanavirescens S.Wats.) Along streams from Mont, to Alaska, N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — ^Mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Ojo; Turkey Creek and tributaries; canon, Idaho Springs ; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta ; Hermosa ; near Pagosa Peak ; head- waters of Pass Creek ; Larimer Co. ; Bob Creek, West La Plata Mountains ; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Lower Boulder Canon, Boulder Co.; Par- lin ; Colorado Springs ; Black Cafion of the Gunnison ; Rist Canon ; foot- hills near Fort Collins; Steamboat Springs; Dolores. Family 37. CORYLACEAE Mirbel. Hazel-Nut Family. I. CORYLUS L. Hazel-Nut. I. Corylus rostrata Ait. In thickets and open woods and on hillsides from N. S. to N. D., Ga. and Colo. — Alt. 1200-8000 ft. — Lower Boulder Canon, Boulder Co. ; North Cheyenne Cafion ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Rist Canon ; gulch west of Soldier Canon ; vicinity of Arthur's Rock. Family 38. FAGACEAE Drude. Beech Family. I. QUERCUS L. Oak. Leaves lobed or divided, not evergreen ; lobes rounded, obtuse or acute, but not spinulose-tipped. . Leaves bright green, early deciduous. Mature leaves softly pubescent, almost velvety beneath, deeply divided. I. Q. utahensis. Mature leaves glabrate, puberulent or somewhat pubescent, but not velvety beneath. Cup flat, covering less than % of the acorn. 2. Q. Vreelandii. Cup hemispheric, covering J^ to H of the acorn. Acorns barrel-shaped, obtuse. Mature leaves very thin, glabrate beneath or puberulent only on the veins ; cup covering about Yz of the acorn ; scales of cup thin. 3. Q. leptophylla. Mature leaves firm, puberulent beneath, cup covering about yi of the acorn ; scales of cup thick, corky. Leaves mostly oblong in outline, lobed halfway to the midrib or less, rather dull. 4. Q. Gunnisonii. Leaves obovate in outline, divided deeper than halfway to the mid- rib, very shining above. Lobes of the leaves broadly oblong, rounded at the apex. 5. Q. nitescens. Lobes of the leaves ovate or triangular, acute. 6. Q. novomexicana. 98 FAGACEAE. Acorns ovoid, acute ; ciii) covering about ,'2 of the acorn. 7. Q. Gambellii. Leaves pale green, more persistent. Lobes oblong-ovate, obtuse or acutisb, not iiiucronate. 8. Q. vcuustula. Lobes triangular-ovate, mucronate. 9. Q. Fcndleri. Leaves persistent, evergreen, sinuate ; lobes or teeth spinulose-tipped or mucronate. Leaves decidedly crisped, sinuately lobed ; lobes distinctly spinulose-tipped. 10. Q. pungens. Leaves flat, sinuately toothed ; teeth mucronate or slightly spinulose-tipped. 11. Q. undulata. 1. Quercus utahensis (A. DC.) Rydb. (Q. stcllata Utahensis A. DC.) A small tree, often 10 feet or more liigli. growing in the mountain regions of Utah, Colo., Ariz, and N. M. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Hotchkiss, Delta Co.; Trinidad; Glenwood Springs; Mancos ; North Cheyenne Canon ; Wahatoya Canon ; hills about Box Canon, west of Ouray; IManitou ; Mancos Cai'ion ; west of Palmer Lake; Glen Eyrie. 2. Quercus Vreelandii Rydb. A chaparral-forming shrub, 1-1.5 m. high, growing on hillsides in Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Cerro; Glenwood Springs; butte five miles south- west of La Veta ; South Cheyenne Cafion ; Colorado Springs. 3. Quercus leptophylla Rydb. A tree, 10-15 m. high, growing along streams in the mountains of Colorado. — Alt. 5500-8500 ft. — Turkey Creek and tribu- taries ; Cucharas River, above La Veta ; North Cheyenne Canon ; Routt Co. ; Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains. 4. Quercus Gunnisonii (Torn) Rydb. A chaparral-forming shrub, 1-3 m. high, growing on hillsides and mesas from Colo, to Utah, N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-8000 ft. — North Cheyenne Canon ; butte five miles southwest of La Veta ; Colorado Springs ; Cochetopa Pass ; Caiion of Arkansas ; Cafion City; Durango; hills back of Manitou ; Steamboat Springs; Denver. 5. Quercus nitescens Rydb. A chaparral-forming shrub, 3-5 m. high, grow- ing on mesas and hillsides, but along streams sometiines forming a small tree; in Colo, and eastern Utah. — Alt. 6000-11,000 ft. — Butte five miles southwest of La Veta; Glenwood Springs; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; hills about Box Caiion, west of Ouray; West Mancos Caiion; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; Los Pinos; Ute Pass, near Pike's Peak; Cheyenne Cafion, near Pike's Peak. 6. Quercus novomexicana (A. DC.) Rydb. (Q. Douglasii Novomexicana A. DC.) A chaparral-forming shrub, 3-5 m. high, or along streams a small tree, from Colo, to Utah and N. M. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Glenwood Springs; Engelmann Cafion ; between Pallas and Sydney ; Cucharas River, above La Veta ; Mancos ; Manitou ; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray ; Chey- enne Mountain ; Canon City. 7. Quercus Gambellii Nutt. A chaparral-forming shrub, 3-5 m. high, grow- ing on hillsides from Colo, to Utah and N. M. — Alt. 6500-9000 ft. — Chaparral- covered hills southeast of Ouray; Cucharas River, above La Veta; Gunnison; Twelve-Mile Creek ; north of Cheyenne Cafion ; Manitou ; Canon of the Arkansas ; South Park ; Ute Pass ; Garden of the Gods. 8. Quercus venustula Greene. A small shrub, 1-2 m. high, known only from the type locality. — Raton Mountains, near Trinidad. FAGACEAE. 99 9. Quercus Fendleri Liebm. A shrub, 1-3 m. high, growing on dry hillsides from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Mesas near Colorado Springs; McElmo Canon; Raton Mountains, near Trinidad; Canon of Ar- kansas ; Green Horn Mountains ; Poncho Pass ; Purgatory River, near Trinidad. 10. Quercus pungens Liebm. {Q. undulata Wrightii Engelm.) A low shrub, 1-3 m. high, on dry hills from Colo, to Utah, Tex. and Ariz. ; also Mex. — Canon City; Arkansas Canon. 11. Quercus undulata Torn (Q. undulata Jamesii Engelm.) A shrub, 1-3 m. high, growing on dry hills from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — " Rocky Moun- tains " ; Canon of the Arkansas ; Steamboat Springs. Order 21. URTICALES. Style and stigma i ; ovules erect or ascending ; herbs with small greenish flowers ; fruit an achene. 39. Urticaceae. Styles and stigmas 2 ; ovules pendulous. Herbs or herbacious vines with opposite leaves ; fruit an achene. 40. Cannabinaceae. Trees or shrubs with alternate leaves ; fruit a samara or drupe. 41. Ulmaceae. Family 39. URTICACEAE Reichenb. Nettle Family. Herbs with stinging hairs ; leaves opposite ; flowers not involucrate. I. Urtica. Herbs without stinging hairs ; leaves alternate ; flowers involucrate by leafy bracts. 2. Parietaria. I. URTICA L. Nettle. Teeth of the leaves ovate, strongly directed forward ; stem sparingly strigose and bristly. i. U. gracilis. Teeth of the leaves broadly triangular, not strongly directed forward ; stem glabrous or nearly so. 2. U. gracilenta. 1. Urtica gracilis Ait. In alluvial soil along streams from N. S. to Alaska, N. C. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Steamboat Springs; Mancos; Bob Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Fort Collins; along the Uncompahgre River, near Ouray; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Gunnison; Spring Caiion; Campton's ranch. 2. Urtica gracilenta Greene. {U. Brewcri Coulter; not S. Wats.) Along streams from Wyo. to Tex. and N. M. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak. 2. PARIETARIA L. Pellitory. Leaf-blades lanceolate, 2-7 cm. long, twice as long as the petioles or longer. I. P. pennsylvanica. Leaf-blades oblong or ovate-oblong, 0.5-2 cm. long, not twice as long as the petioles. 2. P. obtusa. I. Parietaria pennsylvanica Muhl. On shaded banks and hillsides from Dnt. to B. C, Fla. and Mex. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Steamboat Springs; Lower Boulder Caiion, Boulder Co. ; Black Cafion ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; gulch west of Pennock's mountain ranch ; along Poudre River, near Fort Collins ; Horsetooth Gulch. lOO URTICACEAE. 2. Parietaria obtusa Rydb. In shaded places from Colo, to Utah, Tex. and Calif. — Alt. up to 6000 ft. — El Paso; Sunset Canon. Family 40. CANNABINACEAE I.indl. Hkmi' Kamii.v. I. HUMULUS L. Hops. I. Humulus lupulus neo-mexicanus Cockerell. The native hops of the Rocky Mountain region has deeper divided leaves and more sharply acuminate bracts than the cultivated variety. It grows along streams from Wyo. to Utah, N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Fort Collins; Colorado Springs; along the Uncompahgre River, near Ouray; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Walsen- burg; Manitou ; canon v^'cst of Palmer Lake; along Cache la Poudre River; Poudre Canon. Family 41. ULMACEAE Mirbcl. Fi.m Family. I. CELTIS L. Hackberry. I. Celtis reticulata Torn (C occidentalis Port. & Coult. ; not L.) On hillsides, in rocky places, from Tex. to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — "Colorado," locality not given; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; near Os- borne City ; Golden ; gulch west of Pennock's mountain ranch ; foot-hills 6-8 miles west of Fort Collins. Order 22. SANTALALES. Leaves opposite : fruit a berry ; tree-parasites. 42. Loranthaceae. Leaves alternate : fruit a drupe or nut ; root-parasites or saprophytes. 43. Santalaceae. Family 42. LORANTHACEAE I). Don. Mistletoe Family. Anthers 2-celled ; pollen-grains smooth ; berry globose, pulpy and semi-translucent. 1. Phoradendron. Anthers i-celled ; pollen spinulose ; berry compressed, fleshy, opaque. 2. Razoumofskva. I. PHORADENDRON Nutt. I. Phoradendron juniperinum Engelm. Parasitic on species of Sahina from Colo, and Ore. to Tex. and Calif.; also in Mex. — Mancos; Hotchkiss; Pax- ton ranch. 2. RAZOUMOFSKYA Hoffm. Staminate flowers all or nearly all terminal on distinct peduncles, dichotomously paniculate (on Pinus Murrayana, contorta and divaricata). i. R. americana. Staminate flowers nearly all axillary, forming simple or compound spikes. Branches 1-2 mm. in diameter. Plant yellowish-green ; accessory branches of fruiting specimens flower- bearing. Spikes short, 3-s-flowered ; stems bluntly angled (on Pseiidotsiiga mucro- nata). 2. R. Douglasii. Spikes many-flowered; stems sharply angled (on Pinus flexilis). 3. R. cyanocarpa. LORANTHACEAE. 101 Plant greenish-brown ; accessory branches merely leaf-bearing (on Caryopitys edulis and monophylla). 4. R. divaricata. Branches 3-4 mm. in diameter (on Pinus scopulorum, and ponderosa). 5. R. cryptopoda. 1. Razoumofskya americana (Niitt.) Kuntze. (Arceuthobium Americanum Nutt.) Parasitic on Pinus Miirrayana, contorta and divaricata, from Sask. and B. C. to Colo, and Ore. — Dillon; Grand Lake; Sunset. 2. Razoumofskya Douglasii (Engelm.) Kuntze. (^A. Douglasii Engelm.) Parasitic on Psetidotsuga, from Ida. to N. M. — South Cheyenne Cation; El Paso Co. ; West Mancos Canon. 3. Razoumofskya cyanocarpa A. Nels. Parasitic on Pinus Hexilis, from Wyo. to Colo. — Cheyenne Mountain. 4. Razoumofskya divaricata (Engelm.) Kuntze. {A. divaricatum Engelm.) Parasitic on Caryopitys edulis and monophylla. — Mancos ; Dillon. 5. Razoumofskya cryptopoda (Engelm.) Coville. {Arceuthobium crypto- podum Engelm.; A. robustum Engelm.) Parasitic on Pinus scopulorum and ponderosa. — Between Sunshine and Ward, Boulder Co. ; West Indian Creek ; Custer Co. ; Stove Prairie Hill ; Rist Canon. Family 43. SANTALACEAE R. Br. Sandal-wood Family. I. COMANDRA Nutt. Bastard Toad-flax. I. Comandra pallida A. DC. On plains and hills from Man., Alb. and B. C. to N. M. and Utah. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron; Cucharas River,' below La Veta; Wahatoya Creek; Los Pinos; Steamboat Springs; Mancos; Fort Collins; Boulder; Dolores; along Poudre River; Horsetooth Gulch ; Colorado City ; Pinkham Creek, Larimer Co. Order 23. POLYGONALES. Family 44. POLYGONACEAE Lindl. Buckwheat Family. Flowers subtended by involucres; stamens 9. i. Eriogonum. Flowers not involucrate ; stamens 4-8. Stigmas tufted. Perianth 6-parted ; styles 3-parted ; achenes 3-angled. 2. Rumex. Perianth 4-parted ; style 2-parted ; achenes lenticular. 3. Oxyria. Stigmas capitate. Leaf-blades jointed at the base; ochreae 2-lobed, becoming lacerate; filaments at least the inner dilated. 4. Polygonum. Leaf-blades not jointed at the base; ochreae not 2-lobed; filaments slender. Ochreae cylindric, truncate. 5. Persicaria. Ochreae oblique, more or less open on the side facing the leaf. Simple strict herbs with terminal spikes ; perianth-lobes not keeled. 6. BiSTORTA. Twining vines with flowers in axillary clusters ; outer perianth-lobes winged or keeled. 7- Tiniaria. I. ERIOGONUM L. Achenes 3-winged ; perianth not accrescent. L Alata. Achenes merely 3-angled ; perianth accrescent in fruit. Perianth with a stipe-like base. Involucres in branching cymes. II. Eriantha. 102 rOLYGONACEAE. Involucres in simple or compound umbel-like or head-like clusters. Perianths hairy. III. Flava. Perianth glabrous. IV. Umbellata. Perianth without a stipe-like base. Ovaries and fruit pubescent : involucres few, capitate or subcymose. V. Lachnoc.vna. Ovaries and fruit glabrous or nearly so. Involucres in head-like or umbel-like clusters. Perianth-lobes very unequal. VI. Heterosepala. Perianth-lobes equal or nearly so. VII. Capitata. Involucres in open cymes. Cymes i -sided and spike-like. X. Virgata. Cymes dichotomous or trichotomous. Bracts scale-like. Involucres, except those in the forks of the inflorescence, sessile in the bractlets ; the uppermost conglomerate. Perennial with a suffruticose caudex or shrubby. VIII. CORVMBOSA. Annuals, erect and strict. IX. Annua. Involucres all peduncled, never conglomerate. XL Pedunculata. Bracts leaf-like. Primary cauline leaves scale-like, with a pair or a fascicle of well- developed secondary leaves in their axils. XII. Divaricata. Primary cauline leaves well developed, often also with secondary leaves in their axils. XIII. Foliosa. I. Alata. Involucres hairy, when mature 3-3.5 mm. long and 1.5-2 mm. wide; stem and leaves manifestly hairy. i. E. alatum. Involucres glabrous, when mature 2-2.5 mm. long and of the same width ; stem and leaves nearly glabrous. 2. E. triste. II. Eriantha. Perianth whitish ; styles hairy at least to the middle. 3. E. Jamesii. Perianth yellow ; styles hairy only at the base. Involucres 6-8 mm. long ; leaf-blades oblong to oblanceolate. 4. E. Bakeri. Involucres 9-10 mm. long; leaf-blades suborbicular to oval. 5. E. arcitatum. III. Flava. Stipe-like base of the perianth very short ; old leaf-bases permanently tomentose. Leaf-bases thickened ; perianth copiously white-pubescent ; leaf-blades silky above ; involucres usually several. 6. E. flavum. Leaf-bases not thickened ; perianth sparingly pubescent ; leaf-blades slightly floccose above ; involucres 1-3. 7- ■£• aureum. Stipe-like base of the perianth slender; old leaf-bases glabrous. 8. E. xanthum. IV. Umbellata. Perianth deep yellow. Umbels simple. Leaves densely tomentose beneath. 9- £• umbcllatum. Leaves almost glabrous at maturity. 10. E. unibelliferum. Umbels compound; leaves tomentose beneath. 11. £. croceum. Perianth cream-color. Perianth about 6 mm. long at maturity ; leaf -blades spatulate-oblong or elliptic, glabrous above at maturity. 12- -E- subalpinum. Perianth about 8 mm. long at maturity ; leaf-blades oval or ovate, permanently tomentose above. i3- E- latum. POLYGONACEAE. 103 V. Lachnogyna. Leaves and scape silky ; the latter elongated, i dm. or more high ; the former 2-4 cm. long, long-petioled ; blades oblanceolate to oblong, acute. Inflorescence irregularly branched. 14. E. lachnogynum. Inflorescence subcapitate. 15. £. Tetraneiiris. Leaves lanate, strongly revolute ; scape usually none. 16. E. acaule. VI. Heterosepala. Involucres about 7 mm. long; leaf -blades oval. 17. E, orthocaulum. Involucres 4-5 mm. long. Perianth bright yellow, or purplish ; leaf-blades about as broad as long. 18. E. ovalifolium. Perianth cream-colored to isabel-colored ; leaf-blades elliptic to oval or spatu- late, decidedly longer than broad. 19. E. ochroleucum. VII. Capitata. Perianth yellow. 20. E. chrysocephalum Perianth white or brownish or pinkish. Perianth pubescent. 21. £. multiceps. Perianth glabrous. Lobes of the involucres much shorter than the tube. 22. E. coloradense. Lobes of the involucres about as long as the tube. 23. E. pauciHorum. VIII. Corymbosa. Perianth yellow. Leaves crowded on the short branches of the caudex ; blades oblong to linear- oblong, flat. 24. E. campanulatum. Leaves more scattered on the elongated branches of the caudex ; blades nar- rowly linear, strongly revolute. 25. E. brevicaule. Perianth white or pinkish. Shrubs or herbaceous plants with a woody caudex, mostly over 2 dm. high ; leaves not heath-like. Flowering branches leafy only at the base. Involucres in the forks of the inflorescence sessile. Leaves mostly flat ; involucres narrowly turbinate ; perianth 2-2.5 mm. long. 26. E. lonchophyllum. Leaves mostly revolute ; involucres campanulate ; perianth 3-3.5 mm. long. 27. E. nudicaiile. Involucres in the forks of the inflorescence distinctly peduncled, at least the lower. Involucres broadly campanulate, about as wide as long. 28. E. scoparium. Involucres turbinate, decidedly longer than broad. Leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate or linear, usually revolute. 29. E. tristichum. Leaves spatulate to oblanceolate, flat. 30. E. salicinum. Flowering branches leafy halfway or more. Leaf-blades relatively broad, broadly oblong to oval, obtuse. Involucres 4-5 mm. long. z^- E. F endlerianum. Involucres 2-2.5 mm. long. Branches of inflorescence divaricate. 32. E. divergens. Branches of inflorescence ascending. 33. E. corymbosum. Leaf-blades narrow, from spatulate to linear, acute. Leaf-blades spatulate or oblanceolate, mostly flat. Inflorescence many times compound; copiously branched; internodes long. Inflorescence tomentulose, broom-like, with strongly ascending branches; involucres about 1.5 mm. long. 34. E. effusum. 104 POLYGONACEAE. Inflorescence glabrous, lax with spreading branches; involucre 2-2.5 mm. long. 30. E. salicinum. Inflorescence less compound ; branches and internodes short, mostly spreading. 35. E. microthccum. Leaf-blades linear, revolute. 36. E. Simpsonii. Dwarf depressed undershrubs, less than i dm. high, with heath-like leaves. 2,7- E. contortum. IX. Annua. One species. 38. E. anniium. X. ViRGATA. Leaves crowded on the ends of the short caudex ; blades abruptly narrowed at the base or subcordate. 39- •£• racemosum. Leaves scattered on the fruticose branches ; blades tapering at the base. 40. E. IVrightii. XI. Pedunculata. Perianth glabrous. Scapes and branches glabrous. Peduncles erect or ascending. Perianth-lobes nearly equal and similar ; leaves glabrous. 41. E. Gordonii. Perianth-lobes very unequal and dissimilar ; leaves floccose beneath. Outer perianth-lobes dilated above; involucres about 1.5 mm. long. 42. E. rotundifolium. Outer perianth-lobes not dilated above ; involucres about 3 mm. long. 43. E. tenellum. Peduncles reflexed or deflexed. 44. E. cernuum. Scapes and branches villous or glandular, especially near the nodes. 45. E. trinervatum. Perianth glandular or pubescent. Scapes and branches glandular, especially near the nodes, not inflated. 48. E. glandulosum. Scapes and branches glabrous ; upper portion of the lower internodes of the scape infla'ted. Accessory branches at the lower forks of the inflorescence many and nearly as strong as the three main branches ; branches divaricate. 46. E. fusiforme. Accessory branches at the lower forks of the inflorescence none or few and small ; branches ascending. 47. E. inflatmn. XII. DiVARICATA. One species. 49. E. divaricatum. XIII. FOUOSA. One species. 50. E. salstiginosum. 1. Eriogonum alatum Torn. In sandy soil from Neb. and Wyo. to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Green Mountain Falls; Sand Creek Pass; South Park; Williams' Canon, near Pike's Peak; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Table Rock; Pagosa Springs; Thompson's Park, La Plata Mountains ; Spring Cafion ; Dillon Canon, near Trinidad ; plains, near foot-hills, Larimer Co. 2. Eriogonum triste S. Wats. (E. alatum glabriusciilum Torr.) Li sandy soil from Colo, to Tex. and N. M.— North Park; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park. 3. Eriogonum Jamesii Benth. On plains and hills from Kans. and Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Headwaters of Platte River; Colorado POLYGONACEAE. 105 Springs; Durango; Middle Park; La Veta; Grand Junction; Morrison; Gun- nison ; Salida ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Red Rock Caiion, near Pike's Peak ; Rosita ; Buena Vista. 4. Eriogonum Bakeri Greene. (E. Havum vegetius T. & G. ; E. Jamesii flavescens S. Wats.; E. vegetius (T. & G.) Nels.) On plains and hills from Wyo. and Utah to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 9000-10,000 ft. — Meadow Park; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Bald Mountain, west of Loveland; Black Caiion; Horsetooth Gulch, Fort Collins; Poudre Canon; Moon's ranch. 5. Eriogonum arcuatum Greene. Mountains in Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. ; known only from the type locality. — Pagosa Springs. 6. Eriogonum flavum Nutt. (E. crassifolium Dougl.) On dry hills and mountains and in canons from Sask. and Alb. to Neb. and Colo. — Alt. 4000- 12,000 ft. — Headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; plains and foot-hills near Boulder ; Sand Creek Pass ; Twin Lakes ; Medicine Bow Mountains; Minnehaha; Ruxton; Georgetown; Fossil Creek; Artists' Glen and Cheyenne Cafion, near Pike's Peak. 7. Eriogonum aureum Nutt. (£. chloranthum Greene.) Mountains of Colo. — Alt. 11,000-13,000 ft. — Mount Ouray; Marshall Pass. 8. Eriogonum xanthum Small. On exposed mountain tops in Colorado. — Alt. 12,000-14,000 ft. — Gray's Peak; spur of Mt. Harvard. 9. Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. On mountains and dry valleys in Wyo., Ida., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 6000-12,000 ft. — Headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; North Park; Arkansas Junction, near Leadville; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Gunnison ; Fort Collins ; Clear Creek Canon ; near Denver ; Man- cos; South Table Mountain, Golden; caiions and meadows, Ouray; Kelso Mountain ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Colorado and Wyoming State line ; near Nar- rows ; hills west of Soldier Caiion ; camp on Grizzly Creek, foot of Rabbit- Ear Range; Empire. 10. Eriogonum umbelliferum Small. Mountains from Wyo. and Nev. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 7000-11,000 ft. — Veta Pass; Grayback mining camps; vicinity of Ouray; Redcliffe, Eagle Co.; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron; Black Canon ; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Glenwood Springs ; Leroux Creek, Delta Co. ; Lake Creek ; Middle Park ; Spicer, Larimer Co. 11. Eriogonum croceum Small. Mountains from Ida. and Wash, to Colo. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Hesperus ; Telluride ; Piedra. 12. Eriogonum subalpinum Greene. In dry mountain valleys from Alb. and B. C. to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Headwaters of Arkansas River; Larimer Co.; near Pinkhampton, North Park; Arkansas Junction, near Lead- ville ; edge of Wyoming, North Park ; Crested Butte ; Dillon ; Idaho Springs ; South Park; Middle Park; foot of Mt. Richtofen, on the Michigan; north bank of Poudre River; forks of Poudre and Big South; Rustic; Empire; Pinkham Creek. 13. Eriogonum latum Small. In dry valleys and on plains from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Utah.— Alt. about 5000 ft. — ^Denver. 14. Eriogonum lachnogymum Torr. Dry plains and canons from Kans. and Colo, to Tex. and N. M. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Brantly Canon, Las Animas Co. lOf) POLYGON ACEAE. 15. Eriogonum Tetraneuris Small. Dry mesas of Colorado. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Bank of the Cimarron River; mesas near Pueblo. 16. Eriogonum acaule Nutt. On dry hills from Wyo. and Ida. to Colo. — " Soutlnvcst Colorado." 17. Eriogonum orthocaulum Small. Dry plains and hills from Alb. and Ida. to Colo, and Ncv. — Rifle, Garfield Co. 18. Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. Dry plains and hills from Mont, and Wash, to N. I\I. and Calif. — Alt. 6000-7000 ft. — Mancos; Grand Junction. 19. Eriogonum ochroleucum Small. Dry rocky hills from Mont, and Ida. to Colo, and Nev. — Grand Junction. 20. Eriogonum chrysocephalum A. Gray. {E. Kingii laxifolium T. & G. ; E. laxifolium A. Nels.) Dry hills and plains of Neb., Wyo., Colo, and Utah. — "Southern Colorado" {Brandcgce). 21. Eriogonum multiceps Nees. Dry plains and "bad-lands" from N. D. and Mont, to Neb. and Colo. — Exact locality not given. 22. Eriogonum coloradense Small. Mountain in Colo. — Mt. Harvard. 23. Eriogonum pauciflorum Pursh. In sandy soil in Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. up to 9000 ft.— Middle Park ; in low sandy valleys, North Park ; North Fork, Larimer Co. 24. Eriogonum campanulatum Nutt. Dry hills and plains from Neb. and Wyo. to Colo, and Utah. — " Colorado " {Parry) ; Middle Park. 25. Eriogonum brevicaule Nutt. On dry plains from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Egeria Park; Elk River, Routt Co. 26. Eriogonum lonchophyllum T. & G. On plains of N. M. and Colo. — Durango. 27. Eriogonum nudicaule (Torr.) Small. (£. effusiim nudicaiile Torn) Plains from Kans. and Utah to Tex. — Alt. about 7500 ft. — Cimarron. 28. Eriogonum scoparium Small. Plains of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 5000- 8000 ft. — Vicinity of Gunnison; Denver; Durango; between Porter and Durango. 29. Eriogonum tristichum Small. Plains of Colo. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Mesa Verde; Arboles; Black Canon, Gunnison; Durango. 30. Eriogonum salicinum Greene. Cafion in Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. ; known only from type locality. — Black Carions, near Gunnison. 31. Eriogonum Fendlerianum (Benth.) Small. (£. microthecum Fendleri- aniun Benth.) Dry plains of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Cafion City; Pueblo. 32. Eriogonum divergens Small. {E. corymbosum divaricatum Torr. ; not E. divaricatum Hook.) Dry plains from Colo, to Utah and Ariz. — Green River. 33. Eriogonum corymbosum Benth. Dry plains of Colo.- — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Along San Juan River; Grand River; Mancos. 34. Eriogonum effusum Nutt. Dry plains from Mont, to Neb. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Wahatoya Creek; Denver; Caiion City; vicinity of Boulder; Morrison; Golden; Buena Vista; Manitou ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; mesas, Cucharas Valley, near La Veta ; Fort Collins ; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; Salida; Fort Collins; Table Rock; La Veta. POLYGON ACEAE. 107 35. Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. Dry plains from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Colorado City; Beaver Creek. 36. Eriogonum Simpsonii Benth. Dry plains from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — San Luis Valley; Rio Florido. 37. Eriogonum contortum Small. Arid plains of western Colo. — Grand Junction. 38. Eriogonum annuum Nutt. In sandy soil from S. D. and Mont, to Tex. and Mex. — Alt. 4000-7500 ft. — Piney Creek of Grand River; Denver; Mani- tou; Ute Pass; Colorado Springs; Golden; Table Rock. 39. Eriogonum racemosum Nutt. Dry plains and hills from Colo, and Utah to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-8000 ft. — Between Parrott and Hesperus; Jack's Cabin; Gunnison; hills about Box Caiion, west of Ouray; Dolores; Piedra; between Porter and Durango; Mancos; Durango. 40. Eriogonum Wrightii Torr. Dry plains from Colo, and Utah to Tex. and Calif.; also northern Mex. — "Colorado" (Thurber). 41. Eriogonum Gordonii Benth. Dry plains and " bad-lands " of Wyo. and Colo. — Canon City; Gunnison Valley; mesa, Montrose; Grand Junction. 42. Eriogonum rotundifolium Benth. Dry plains from Colo, to Tex. and N. M. ; also in northern Mex. — " Near the Rocky Mountains." 43. Eriogonum tenellum Torr. In arid places from Colo, to Tex. and Mex. — " Southwest Colorado." 44. Eriogonum cernuum Nutt. " Bad-lands," hills and in canons from Mont, and Ida. to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Caiion City; South Park; along the McElmo River ; Grand Junction ; along Platte River, near Denver ; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Valley Spur; Granite; Buena Vista; Gunnison; Min- nehaha; Black Canon of the Gunnison; Troublesome; Upper Arkansas River; Bahia Salada, South Park; Sierra Blanca; Sargent's. 45. Eriogonum trinervatum Small. Arid places of Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Cimarron ; Grand Junction. 46. Eriogonum fusiforme Small. In sandy places and dry hills from Colo, to Utah and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Grand Junction ; Palisade, Mesa Co. ; dry adobe hills, between Delta and Hotchkiss. 47. Eriogonum inflatum Torr. In arid places from Colo, to Ariz, and Cal. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — On the Upper Colorado; Grand Junction. 48. Eriogonum glandulosum Nutt. (E. iiexiim Jones.) Arid places of Colo. — Alt. about 6000 ft. — McElmo Caiion; Grand Junction. 49. Eriogonum divaricatum Hook. Dry hills from Wyo. to Colo, and Ariz. — San Juan and Mancos Valleys (Brandegec). 50. Eriogonum salsuginosus Hook. In dry alkaline soil from Wyo. to Utah and N. M. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Near the Mancos River; Grand Junction; McElmo Canon ; San Juan Valley. 2. RUMEX L. Sorrel, Dock. Flowers dioecious ; foliage acid. Leaves with auricled or hastate bases. i. R. Acetosella. Leaves narrowed at the base, neither auricled nor hastate. Flowers perfect, or andro-polygamous ; foliage not acid. Inner perianth-lobes entire, undulate or denticulate. Inner perianth-lobes without tubercles. 2. R. pauciflorus. 108 POLYGONACEAE. Inner perianth-lobes in fruit over 2 cm. broad, plants with deep-seated woody rootstock. 3. R. vcnosus. Inner perianth-lobes in fruit less than 1.5 cm. in diameter. Plants with clusters of tuberous roots ; inner perianth-lobes in fruit 1-1.5 cm. broad. Achene about 7 mm. long ; inner perianth-lobes in fruit broader than long; plant low. 4- R- salinus. Achenes about 5 mm. long ; inner perianth-lobes in fruit longer than broad. 5. R. hymenoscpalus. Plants with taproots or thickened rootstocks ; inner perianth-lobes in fruit 5-10 mm. wide. Plants low, less than 3 dm. high, with short tuber-like rootstock ; fruit maturing before the inner perianth-lobes become enlarged. 6. R. praecox. Plant tall, not with a tuber-like rootstock ; inner perianth-lobes well enlarged in fruit. Inner perianth-lobes in fruit with roimded apex, not conspicuously punctate. 7. R. occidentalis. Inner perianth-lobes abruptly pointed, conspicuously punctate. Fruiting inner perianth-lobes broader than long, sinuate on the margin. 8. R. densiftorus. Fruiting inner perianth-lobes longer than broad, sharply dentate. 9. R. subalpinus. Inner perianth-lobes or at least one of them bearing a tubercle in fruit. Only one tubercled. Leaves dark green, more or less crisp ; fruiting inner perianth-lobes 8-9 mm. broad, reniform. 10. R. Patientia. Leaves pale green, not crisp ; fruiting inner perianth-lobes 5-6 mm. broad, deltoid ovate. 11. R. altissimus. All three petals bearing tubercles. Leaves wavy-margined, dark green, not glauccscent. 12. R. crispus. Leaves flat, light green and glaucescent. 13. R. salicifolius. Inner perianth-lobes in fruit spinulose on the margin. Tall plants ; lower leaf-blades cordate at the base ; one tubercle. 14. R. ohtusif alius. Low plants ; lower leaf-blades narrowed at the base ; 3 tubercles. 15. R. persicarioides. 1. Rumex Asetosella L.' In waste places, old fields, roadsides, etc., from Lab. and Alaska to Fla. and Calif. ; introduced from Europe. — Alt. about 5000 ft— Boulder. 2. Rumex pauciflorus Nutt. {R. Geyeri (Meisn.) Trelease.) In meadows from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Continental Divide, Larimer Co. ; Steamboat Springs ; Rabbit-Ears. 3. Rumex venosus Pursh. In sandy soil from Ass. and Wash, to Kans. and Nev. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Cucharas River, below La Veta; Fort Collins; Pleasant Valley; upper part of Platte; Miller's ranch; Bingham Hill; Pueblo; Wray; Colorado Springs. 4. Rumex salinus A. Nels. In sandy soil in Wyo. and Colo. — Palisades. 5. Rumex hymenosepalus Torn In sandy soil from Ind. Terr, and Utah to Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Grayback mining camps ; Grand Junc- tion. 6. Rumex praecox Rydb. Along brooks in the higher mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Grayback mining camps ; Bob Creek, west La Plata Mountains. POLYGONACEAE. 109 7. Rumex occidentalis S. Wats. In wet ground from Alb. and B. C. to N. M. and Calif.— Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — West Cliff; Hot Sulphur Springs; Steamboat Springs; Veta Pass; Mountain View, Pike's Peak; Gunnison; Idaho Springs ; Pine Creek ; Twin Lakes ; Parlin, Gunnison Co. ; forks of White River. 8. Rumex densiflorus Osterh. (R. Bakeri Greene.) In wet ground in Wyo. and Colo.— Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Idaho Springs; North Park; Gunni- son; Fort Collins; summit of North Park Range, Routt Co. 9. Rumex subalpinus M. E. Jones. In swampy ground in the mountains of Colo, and Utah. — Alt. about 10,000 ft. — Keblar Pass; Pagosa Peak; Cam- eron Pass; North Park; Deadman Canon. 10. Rumex Patientia L. Cultivated and occasionally escaped from Mass. and N. J. to Utah; native of Europe. — Pass Creek; Little Kate Basin (?). 11. Rumex altissimus Wood. In valleys and wet places from Mass. and Wash, to Va. and Colo. — Mouth of Deer Creek. 12. Rumex crispus L. In waste places from Newf. and Mont, to Fla. and Calif. ; introduced from Europe. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Fort Collins. 13. Rumex salicifolius Weim. Along rivers and lakes from Ont. and Alaska to Tex. and Calif. ; also in Mex.— Alt. 4000-10,000 ft.— Zola ; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Calhan; Fort Collins; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; La Plata; Boulder; New Windsor; Robinson; Alamosa; Pitkin; Empire; Pueblo; Steamboat Springs. 14. Rumex obtusifolius L. In waste places from Vt. and Neb. to Ga. and Colo. ; introduced from Europe. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Fort Collins. 15. Rumex persicarioides L. {R. maritimus L.) In or near water from Que. and B. C. to N. C. and Calif .—Parlin ; Gunnison; Canon City; Higho; New Windsor; Steamboat Springs; above Bents' Fort. 3. OXYRIA Hill. Mountain Sorrel. I. Oxyria digyna (L.) Compt. In the mountains among rocks from Greenl. and Alaska to N. H., Colo., Ariz, and Calif.; also in Europe and Asia. — Alt. 9000-14,000 ft. — Cameron Pass; headwaters of Clear Creek; Ouray; Bottom- less Pit, Pike's Peak; Mt. Harvard; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Red- clifife; Ironton; Clear Lake; Pagosa Peak; Mt. Hesperus; Chambers' Lake; Berthoud Pass; Beaver Creek; Graymont; Hahn's Peak. 4. POLYGONUM L. Knot-weed. Fruit erect. Inflorescence of small axillary clusters, scattered more or less throughout the plant ; all with elongated stems or branches ; perianth-lobes never keeled near the apex. Plants copiously leafy throughout ; upper leaves scarcely reduced, more crowded. Perianth-lobes with yellowish green margins ; plant erect with spreading branches in age, leaves broad, yellowish green. i. P. erectum. Perianth-lobes with white, pink or purplish margins ; plants prostrate or diffusely spreading ; leaves from bright to pale bluish green. Leaves thick, prominently veined, usually pale ; ocrea very conspicuous ; faces of the achenes granular. 2. P. buxiforme. Leaves thin, not prominently veined, bright green; ocrea not conspicuous; faces of the achenes finely striate. 3- P- avictilare. 110 POLYGON ACEAE. Plants with the upper leaves more scattered and reduced, mostly erect perennials. Upper bracts not subulate ; achencs dull. Lobes of the perianth with yellowish margins; perianth 3-4 mm. long; achenes about 3 mm., nearly smooth. 4. F. ramosissimum. Lobes of the perianth with whitish or pinkish margins ; perianth 2-3 mm. long; achenes 2-2.5 mm. long, distinctly granulate or striate. 5. P. rubcscens. Upper bracts subulate ; achenes smooth and shiny. 6. P. sawatchetxse. Inflorescence aggregated at the ends of the branches ; bracts leaf-like and usu- ally broader than the narrowly linear leaves ; plants dwarf annuals. None of the perianth-lobes keeled. Leaves several, gradually merging into the bracts ; achenes blunt-angled and strongly striate. 7- J^- IVdsonii. Leaf usually solitary and much longer than the bracts ; achenes sharp-angled and obscurely striate. 8. P. unifolium. Some of the perianth-lobes keeled near the apex. 9. P. Kelloggii. Fruit reflexed. Upper bracts much reduced and subulate. Perianth 1.5-2 mm. long; leaves narrowly linear; achenes exerted. 10. P. Engelmannii. Perianth 4-5 mm. long ; lower leaves oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate ; achenes included. 11. P. Douglasii. Upper bracts foliaceous, relatively broad, lanceolate or oblong. Achenes included. 12. P. montanum. Achenes exserted. i3- P- commixtum. 1. Polygonum erectum L. In waste places from Me. and Alb. to Ga. and Ark. and Kans. Also reported from Colorado, but no exact locality given. 2. Polygonum buxiforme Small. {P. litorale Small, in part) In sandy and alkaline soil from Ont. and Wash, to Va., Tex. and Nev. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Georgetown; Silver Plume; along Platte River, Denver; Montrose; Fort Collins; Colorado Springs. 3. Polygonum aviculare L. In waste grounds from Newf. and Sask. to Va. and Calif.; introduced from Europe. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Fort Collins; Gunnison. 4. Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. In river valleys and low ground from Minn, and Wash, to Ills., N. M. and Nev. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft.— Cheyenne Mountain ; Fort Collins ; Upper La Plata Cafion. 5. Polygonum rubescens Small. In sandy soil from Ida. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 4500-8000 ft. — Parlin, Gunnison Co. ; Larimer Co. 6. Polygonum sawatchense Small. On hillsides from S. D. and Wash, to Colo., Ariz, and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Saguache Range; Box Caiion, west of Ouray ; Calhan ; Veta Pass ; Estes Park. 7. Polygonum Watsonii Small. {Polygonum imbricatum S. Wats.) In wet places from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — South Park; Leroux Park; Upper West Mancos Canon; Chambers' Lake. 8. Polygonum unifolium Small. In wet places from Mont, to Colo. — Ten- nessee Pass. 9. Polygonum Kelloggii Greene. In wet soil from Wash, and Mont, to Calif. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Steamboat Springs; Bard Creek Valley, near Empire. 10. Polygonum Engelmannii Greene. (P. tenuc microspermum Engelm.) On hillsides and mountains from Mont, and B. C. to Colo. — Alt. 5000-10,000 POLYGONACEAE. Ill ft. — Georgetown; Golden; Bergen Park; Idaho Springs; Boulder; Manitou; Dale Creek; Lower Boulder Canon. 11. Polygonum Douglasii Greene. (P. tenue Coulter; not Michx.) On hillsides and in sandy soil from Vt. and B. C. to N. Y., N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Larimer Co. ; Brantly Caiion, Las Animas Co. ; Pagosa Springs; Wahatoya Creek; caiions west of Ouray (broad-leaved form); Sheepshorn Divide, Middle Park; Pagosa Peak (broad-leaved) ; Eagle River; Boulder; Soldier Canon; Big Creek Gulch; Walton Creek; Arthur's Rock; Bosworth ranch; Horsetooth Gulch; Chambers' Lake; Boulder; Golden; Idaho Springs. A form more branched at the base is Polygonum Douglasii consimile (Greene) Small. (P. consimile Greene) — Lower Bonder Cafion. 12. Polygonum montanum (Small) Greene. (P. tenue latifolium Engelm.) In the mountains from Alb. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Mar- shall Pass; Red Mountain; Ironton Park; North Park; Mt. Harvard; Silver Plume ; White River Plateau. 13. Polygonum commixtum Greene. In the mountains from Colo, to Mont. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Silver Plume ; Grizzly Creek ; Cameron Pass ; Mt. Robinson ; summit of mountains west of North Park. 5. PERSICARIA Adans. Smart-weed, Lady's Thumb, Racemes terminal only and usually solitary ; plants aquatic. Ocrea without a spreading foliaceous top. Plant usually floating ; leaf-blades of an oblong type, glabrous, acute or obtuse. I. P. coccinea. Plant usually diffuse and emersed ; leaf-blades of a lanceolate type, pubescent, acuminate. 2. P. Muhlenhergii. Ocrea with a spreading foliaceous top ; leaf-blades narrowly oblong or lanceolate (broader in floating forms), pubescent. 3. P. H artwrightii. Racemes axillary as well as terminal, numerous. Ocrea without marginal bristles. Racemes erect ; glands on the branches and inflorescence numerous, stalked. 4. P. omissa. Racemes drooping ; glands on the branches and inflorescence sessile. Styles united only at the base. 5. P. incarnata. Styles united to about the middle. Leaves deep green on both sides. 6. P. lapathifolia. Leaves pale beneath. 7. P. incana. Ocrea bristle-fringed. Racemes oblong or cylindric, densely flowered, about i cm. thick in fruit ; perianth not punctate, usually pink to red-purple. 8. P. Persicaria. Racemes slender, loosely flowered, about 5 mm. thick in fruit ; perianth white or pale-green, copiously punctate. Racemes erect ; achenes smooth and shining. 9. P. punctata. Racemes nodding, at least in fruit ; achenes granular and dull. 10. P. Hydropiper. 1. Persicaria coccinea (Muhl.) Greene. {Polygonum amphihium Hook.; not L. ; P. coccineum Muhl.) In water or rarely in mud from Me. and Alaska to N. J. and Calif.— Alt. up to 9000 ft— West Cliff, Pike's Peak; McCoy; Ouray; Veta Mountain; Hamor's Lake; Gunnison. 2. Persicaria Muhlenhergii (S. Wats.) Small. (Polygonum Muhlenhergii S. Wats.) In swamps, mud and shallow water from Me. and B. C. to Va. \ 112 POLYGONACEAE. and Calif. ; also in Mex. — Alt. up to 6000 ft.— Uncompahgre Mountains, near Los Pinos; Fort Collins; Alamosa. 3. Persicaria Hartwrightii (A. Gray) Small. {Polygonum Hartwrightii A. Gray.) In wet places and sliallow water from Me. and Wash, to Pa. and Calif.^ — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Canon City; Denver. 4. Persicaria omissa (Greene) Small. {Polygonum Pennsylvanicum Coult. ; not L. ; P. omissum Greene.) In wet ground and dried up ponds in Kans. and Colo. — Alt. up to 5000 ft. — Loveland, Larimer Co. 5. Persicaria incarnata (Ell.) Small. {Polygonum incarnatum Ell.) In wet soil from Vt. and Ida. to Fla. and Calif. — Alt. up to 5000 ft. — Fort Col- lins ; New Windsor. 6. Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) S. F. Gray. {Polygonum lapathifolium L.) In wet soil from Que. and B. C. to Fla. and Calif; also in Mex., W. Ind., Europe and Asia. — Alt. up to 5000 ft. — Fort Collins. 7. Persicaria incana (Koch) S. F. Gray. {Polygonum lapathifolium in- canum Koch.) In swamps from Newf. and B. C. to N. Y. and Colo. — Alt. up to 6000 ft. — Alamosa. 8. Persicaria Persicaria (L.) Small. {Polygonum Persicaria L.) In waste places and rich ground from Newf. and B. C. to Fla. and Calif. ; also in Mex. and Europe. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Boulder; Livermore; Fort Collins. 9. Persicaria punctata (Ell.) Small. {Polygonum punctatum Ell.) In swamps and wet places from Me. and Wash, to Fla. and Calif. ; also in Mex., Cent. Am., W. Ind. and S. Am. — Alt. up to 5000 ft. — Fort Collins; plains near Boulder. 10. Persicaria Hydropiper (L.) Opiz. {Polygonum Hydropiper L.) In wet places from Newf. and B. C. to Ga. and Calif. ; also in Mex., Cent. Am. and Europe. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Fort Collins ; Denver. 6. BISTORTA Tourn. Bistort. Racemes not viviparous (not bulblet bearing), oblong, 1-2 cm. thick. Perianth 5-6 mm. long ; leaf-blades lanceolate, oblong or oblanceolate. I. B. bistortoides. Perianth 3-4 mm. long ; basal leaf-blades linear. 2. B. Imearifolia. Racemes viviparous (bulblet bearing below), linear, 5-8 mm. thick. 3. B. vivipara. 1. Bistorta bistortoides (Pursh) Small. {Polygonum Bistorta oblongi- folium Meisn.) In wet meadows and swamps in the mountains from Mont, and Wash, to N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 7000-13,000 ft. — "Rocky Mountains"; Lake City ; Halfway House, Pike's Peak ; Cabin Caiion ; Mt. Harvard ; Colum- bine ; South Park ; Mt. Garfield ; Pagosa Peak ; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch ; Garden of the Gods ; Ruxton ; Cameron Pass ; Graymont ; Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Marshall Pass; Oak Mesa; Beaver Creek, Larimer Co. ; Boreas ; Gore Pass. 2. Bistorta linearifolia (S. Wats.) Greene. {Polygonum Bistorta lineari- folium S. Wats.) In alpine swamps and along streams from Mont, to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Alpine ridges east of Middle Park; "Rocky Mountains " ; Pike's Peak. 3. Bistorta vivipara (L.) S. F. Gray. {P. viviparum L.) In alpine or sub- POLYGONACEAE. 133 arctic swamps from Greenl. and Alaska to N. H. and Colo. ; also Europe and Asia. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Alpine Tunnel; Grand Lake; Robinson; Seven Lakes ; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains ; West Spanish Peak ; Cameron Pass ; Indian Creek Pass ; White River Plateau ; Gray's Peak ; North Park; Eldora to Baltimore; Beaver Creek; Cameron Pass; Gore Pass; Graymont. 7. TINIARIA Reichenb. False Buckwheat. Outer sepals merely keeled at maturity. T. Convolvulus. Outer sepals developing conspicuous wings. T. scandens. 1. Tiniaria Convolvulus (L.) Webb. & Moq. {Polygonum Convolvulus L.) Among bushes from N. S. and B. C. to Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Box Canon, west of Ouray ; Engelmann Caiion ; Fort Collins ; Colorado Springs. 2. Tiniaria scandens (L.) Small. {Polygonum scandens L.) In thickets from N. S. to Mont., Fla., La. and Colo. — Exact locality not given. Order 24. CHENOPODIALES. Fruit a utricle, achene or anthocarp, indehiscent, circumscissile or bursting irregularly. Fruit a utricle. Stipules wanting. Bracts not scarious. 45- Chenopodiaceae. Bracts scarious. 46. Amaranthaceae. Stipules present, scarious. 47- Corrigiolaceae. Fruit an anthocarp, the achene surrounded by the tube of the corolla-like calyx. 48. Allioniaceae. Fruit a capsule, dehiscent by apical or longitudinal valves. Ovary several-celled : corolla wanting. 49. Tetragon iaceae. Ovary i-celled ; corolla mostly present. Sepals, 2 ; or, if more (in Lezvisia), plant scapose, with fleshy basal leaves and the flowers solitary on a jointed scape. 50. Portulacaceae. Sepals, 4-5 ; plants leafy-stemmed. Sepals distinct; petals not clawed; ovary sessile. 51. Alsinaceae. Sepals united ; petals clawed ; ovary more or less distinctly stipitate. 52. Carvophyllaceae. Family 45. CHENOPODIACEAE Dumort. Goosefoot Family. Embryo annular. Stems and branches not jointed; leaves not scale-like. Flowers perfect, all with perianth, not inclosed in a pair of bracts. Fruit inclosed in the calyx. Calyx in fruit not transversely winged. Sepals 3-5, stamens 1-5. Fruiting calyx herbaceous. i. Chenopodium. Fruiting calyx fleshy, red. 2. Blitum. Sepals I ; stamens i. 4. Monolepis. Calyx in fruit transversely winged. Flowers paniculate ; leaves ample, sinuate, flat. 3. Cycloloma. Flowers spicate ; leaves linear, terete. 9. Kochia. Fruit laterally flattened, exserted from the marcescent calyx. 10. CORIOSPERMUM. 114 CHENOPODIACEAE. Flowers monoecious or dioecious : tlie i)istillate inclosed in two accrescent bractlets. Pericarp not hairy. Bracts compressed, i. c, with one side towards the axis : leaves more or less farinose ; testa mostly coriaceous. 5. Atriplex. Bracts ob-compressed, 1. c, with one edge towards the axis ; testa mem- branous. Pericarp hastate with crested marfiins, 2-toothed apex : more or less farinaceous herbs with toothed leaves. 6. Suckleya. Pericarp obovate or orbicular, entire ; undershrubs with entire leaves. 7. Grayia. Pericarp densely hairy, conical ; low and tomentose shrubs. 8. EUROTIA. Stems and branches fleshy, jointed; leaves scale-like. 11. Salicornia. Embryo spirally coiled. Shrubs with monoecious bractless flowers ; staminate flowers in spikes, without perianth ; pistillate ones solitary, axillary ; fruiting calyx transversely winged. 12. Sarcobatus. Herbs with perfect bracteolate flowers. Fruiting calyx transversely winged; leaves spiny. 14. Salsola. Fruiting calyx not winged; leaves fleshy, not spiny. 13. Dondia. I. CHENOPODIUM L. Goosefoot, Lamb's Quarters, Pig-weed. Leaves more or less mealy or glabrate, never glandular or sweet-scented, sinuately lobed, dentate or entire : embryo forming a complete ring. Stamens 5 ; calyx not at all fleshy in fruit. Leaves entire or sinuately toothed, but not with large, divaricate teeth ; seeds 1-1.5 mm. in diameter. Calyx lobes carinate ; at least the upper panicles exceeding the leaves. Pericarp easily separating from the seeds. Leaves linear or oblong, entire or slightly sinuately toothed. Leaves thin, linear ; inflorescence not very dense ; spikes somewhat interrupted below. 1. C. Icptophylhim. Leaves thick, oblong ; inflorescence dense and crowded. Plant densely mealy, yellowish. Plant tall with nearly erect branches. _'. C. oblongifolium. Plant low with spreading-ascending branches. 3. C. desiccatum. Plant only slightly mealy, dark green. 4. C. WoWi. Leaves broadly ovate or triangular, more or less hastate at the base. Plant densely mealy ; leaves rather thick. Plant low and spreading. 5. C. incanum. Plant tall and erect. 6. C. albescens. Plant sparingly mealy ; leaves very thin. 7. C. Fremontii. Pericarp firmly attached to the seed. Leaves subentire or merely hastately toothed. Leaves thick, more or less mealy ; none of them cuspidate. 8. C. Watsonii. Leaves thin, glabrate, all or the upper usually cuspidate. 9. C. Berlandieri. Leaves more or less sinuately dentate ; inflorescence dense. 10. C. album. Calyx lobes not carinate ; panicles mostly axillary, shorter than the leaves. 11. C. glaxiciim. Leaves with large divergent acute lobes ; seeds about 2 mm. in diameter. 12. C. hybridum. Stamens 1-2 ; calyx reddish and slightly fleshy in fruit. Plant usually over i dm. high, erect ; leaves usually more or less toothed. 13. C. rubnim. CHENOPODIACEAE. 115 Plant less than i dm. high, prostrate ; leaves entire or merely hastately toothed. 14. C. humile. Leaves glandular, sweet-scented, pinnately lobed ; embryo horseshoe-shaped. Lobes of the leaves rounded or broadly oblong, more or less toothed. 15. C. Botrys. Lobes of the leaves lanceolate, entire. 16. C. cornutum. 1. Chenopodium leptophyllum Nutt. On prairies, in waste places and fields from Neb. to Mont., Mo. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Gunnison ; Buena Vista; Deer Run, Gunnison watershed; entrance to Grand Canon, 15 miles from Grand Junction. 2. Chenopodium oblongifolium (S. Wats.) Rydh. (C. leptophyllum oblon- gifolium S. Wats.) On dry prairies and plains from N. D. to Wyo., Mo., Tex. and Ariz. — Atl. 4000-7000 ft. — Crow Creek ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Fort Collins ; Wray. 3. Chenopodium desiccatum Aven Nelson. Dry waste places in Colo. — Fort Collins. 4. Chenopodium Wolfii Rydb. In dry places in the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Twin Lakes; Cheyenne Mountain; Crow Creek; Grizzly Creek ; Parlin, Gunnison Co. ; Steamboat Springs. 5. Chenopodium incanum (S. Wats.) Heller. (C. Frcmontii incanum S. Wats.) In dry grounds, especially in prairie dog towns. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. —Crow Creek; Fort Collins. 6. Chenopodium albescens Small. In dry soil from Tex. to Colo. — Durango. 7. Chenopodium Fremontii S. Wats. Among bushes and in canons from S. D. to Mont., N. M. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Vicinity of Fort Collins; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Minnehaha; southeast of Ouray; Poudre Canon. 8. Chenopodium Watsonii A. Nelson. (C. olidum S. Wats.) In dry places from Colo, to Ariz. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — ^Valley Spur. 9. Chenopodium Berlandieri Moq. In dry soil from Mo. to Wyo., Fla. and Tex. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Sheepshorn Divide, North Park ; near Pagosa Peak ; Huerfano Valley. 10. Chenopodium album L. In fields and w-aste places ; introduced and naturalized from Europe; from Newf. to Alb., Fla. and Calif.^Gunnison ; about Fort Collins. 11. Chenopodium glaucum L. In alkaline soil from Alb. to Colo, and Utah; also in Europe. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — -Walsenburg; Steamboat Springs; New Windsor; Gunnison; La Veta ; above Palisade. 12. Chenopodium hybridum L. In waste places and around dwellings from Que. to B. C, N. Y. and Utah.— Alt. 4000-8000 ft.— Park Range; Steamboat Springs ; Mancos ; Hotchkiss, Larimer Co. ; Johnston Cafion ; Gunnison ; Horsetooth Gulch ; gulch west of Soldier Caiion ; Big Creek Gulch. 13. Chenopodium rubrum (L.) Reichenb. In alkaline flats and meadows from N. Y. to Alb., Mo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Hot Springs in San Luis Valley; Mt. Harvard; Gunnison; West Clifif; Delta; north of Trap- per's Lake ; falls of the Poudre. 14. Chenopodium humile Hook. In alkaline meadows from Mont, to B. C, Neb. and Colo. — Alt. up to 8000 ft. — Gunnison. 116 CHENOPODIACEAE. 15. Chenopodiura Botrys I.. In waste places from N. S. to P.. C, Ga. and Calif.; also Mcx.— Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Ouray; Idaho Springs; Box Canon, west of Ouray; Clear Creek Canon, above Golden. 16. Chenopodium cornutum B. & H. In dry places from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz.; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Huerfano Co.; Buena Vista; Little Veta Mountain. 2. BLITUM L. Strawberry Bute. Leaves more or less dentate, truncate or broadly cuneate at the base ; inflorescence dense and leafy. i. B. capitatum. Leaves entire, except the hastate teeth at the cuneate base ; inflorescence slender and naked above. 2. B. hastatum. 1. Blitum capitatum L. In rocky soil from N. S. to Alaska, N. J. and Calif. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Mountains between Sunshine and Ward, Boulder Co.; Hamor's Lake, above Durango; Georgetown; Sangre de Cristo Creek; North Park; Gunnison; Veta Pass; La Veta; Minnehaha; Ouray; Brecken- ridge; Anchor; Poudre Cafion ; Elizabethtown; Chambers' Lake; Buena Vista; forks of Poudre and Big-tooth. 2. Blitum hastatum Rydb. In stony ground from Wyo. to Utah and Colo. — Alt. 6000-9500 ft. — Big Creek Gulch, Routt Co. ; Trapper's Lake. 3. CYCLOLOMA Moq. I. Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult. (C. platyphyUmn Moq.) In sandy soils from Ont. to Mont., Ark. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — La Salle; Denver; New Windsor, Weld Co.; near Boulder; Elk Cafion. 4. MONOLEPIS Schrad. Leaves lanceolate, hastately lobed, flower clusters several flowered ; pericarp some- what fleshy. I. M. Nuttalliana. Leaves spatulate, entire; flower-clusters 1-3-flowered ; pericarp thin. 2. M. pusilla. 1. Monolepis Nuttalliana (R. & S.) Engelm. (M. chenopodioides Moq.) In alkaline soil from Minn, to Wash., Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Near Bents' Fort; valley near Empire; Sangre de Cristo Creek; headwaters of Pass Creek; Arboles; Durango; vicinity of Fort Collins; Gunnison; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Buena Vista ; Montrose ; Platte River Valley ; Grand Junction; Fort Collins. 2. Monolepis pusilla Torn In alkaline soil from Wyo. and Colo, to Calif. — Grand Junction. 5. ATRIPLEX L. Orache. Annuals. Bracts united only at the base ; radicle inferior. Bracts thin, broadly ovate, mucronate. 17. A. Iwrtensis. Bracts thick, deltoid or lanceolate, acute. Stem tall, erect ; leaves broadly ovate or triangular-hastate. I. A. carnosa. Stem low, 2-4 dm. high, spreading or ascending; leaf-blades lanceolate, hastately lobed. 2. A. siibspicata. CHENOPODIACEAE. 117 Bracts united to above the middle ; radicle superior. Bracts ustially broadly cuneate, truncate at the apex, seldom with tubercles ; leaves linear. 3. A. IVolfii. Bracts rhombic-orbicular, conspicuously toothed and appendaged, or tubercled on the back ; leaf -blades rhombic, cordate br ovate. Leaf-blades large, more or less hastate, truncate or cuneate at the base. Leaf-blades rhombic-deltoid, minutely scurfy, acute. Leaves subsessile or the lower short petioled with winged petioles, very thin ; plant a thumble-weed, 1-3 m. in diameter. 4. A. cxpansa. Leaves petioled, firmer ; plant scarcely a thumble-weed. 5. A. argentea. Leaf-blades subcordate, coarsely scurfy, obtuse. 6. A. cornuta. Leaf-blades small, i Cm. or less, ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base, sub- sessile, firm. 7. A. philonitra. Perennials. Bracts not winged on the back. Bracts with entire margins or merely wavy, without appendages on the back ; leaf-blades entire, broadly oval. 8. A. confertifolia. Bracts either with a distinctly toothed margin or appendaged on the back, or both. Bracts broadest above the middle. Bracts 3-toothed, only rarely tubercled on the back. 9. A. eremicola. Bracts entire, strongly tubercled or appendaged on the back. 10. A. corrugata. Bracts broadest below the middle, strongly tubercled or appendaged ; leaf-blades oblanceolate to spatulate. Leaf-blades oblanceolate or narrowly spatulate, subsessile or short- petioled. Low ; leaves usually short-petioled ; staminate flowers brown-puberu- lent, in panicles. 11. A. oblanceolata. Usually tall ; leaves subsessile ; staminate flower yellow in inter- rupted spikes. 12. A. Nuttallii. Leaf-blades broadly spatulate, distinctly petioled ; staminate spikes brown, interrupted. 13. A. ciineata. Bracts broadly 4-winged on the back. Wings thick, laciniate-toothed. 14. A. odontoptera. Wings thin, sinuately dentate or subentire. ^^■ ings when fully developed 4-6 mm. wide, distinctly dentate ; leaves broad, linear-oblong to spatulate. 15. A. ccuicsccns. Wings very broad and thin, fully 8 mm. wide, merely sinuate ; leaves linear. 16. A. occidentalis. 1. Atriplex carnosa A. Nels. {A. patnla liastata of Coulter's Man.) In alkaline or saline meadows from Nebr. to Mont, and Kan. — Fort Collins. 2. Atriplex subspicata (S. Wats.) Rydb. (A. patula subspicata S. Wats.) In alkaline soil from N. D. to ]Mont., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. up to 9500 ft. — Pitkin; Delta. 3. Atriplex Wolfii S. Wats. In alkaline soil, in Wyo. and Colo. — San Luis Valley; Saguache. 4. Atriplex expansa S. Wats. (A. pabularis A. Nels.) In alkaline soil from Ind. Terr, to Mont., Tex. and Calif. — About Fort Collins ; Delta. 5. Atriplex argentea Nutt. In alkaline flats and dry lakes from N. D. to B. C, Kans. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Grand Junction ; Mancos ; Pueblo ; vicinity of Fort Collins. 6. Atriplex cornuta M. E. Jones. In alkaline soil from Colo, to Utah. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Colorado Springs. lis CHENOPODIACEAE. 7. Atriplex philonitra A Xcls. In .'ilkaliiu- soil, in the pl;iiii regions of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Mancos; (jrand Junction; plains of the San Juan; Hotchkiss; hitwccn Hotchkiss and Smith's l'"ork ; Delta Co. 8. Atriplex confertifolia S* Wats. On mesas and alkaline flats from Wyo. to Nev.. Colo., Ariz, and Calif. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Pueblo; Mancos; Rifle, Garfield Co.; Denver; Grand Junction; Deer Run; Delta; Hotchkiss; Pali- sades. 9. Atriplex eremicola Osterh. On saline bottom-lands and dry plains in southern Wyo. and northern Colo. — North Park; Grand Junction. 10. Atriplex corrugata Watson. On arid plains of Colo. — Hotchkiss, Delta Co. 11. Atriplex oblanceolata Rydb. On arid plains of Wyo. and Colo. — Delta; Hotchkiss ; Grand Junction ; Fort Collins. 12. Atriplex Nuttallii S. Wats. In bad-lands and arid valleys from Sask. to Mont., Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Arboles ; Caiion City ; Grand Junction; about Fort Collins; Hotchkiss; Gypsum; Fossil Creek. 13. Atriplex cuneata A. Nelson. In arid places of Utah and Colo. — " South- western Colorado"; Grand Junction (Nelson). The Mancos specimens cited by Nelson belong to A. confertifolia. 14. Atriplex odontoptera Rydb. On dry plain of Wyo. and N. Colo. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — New Windsor. 15. Atriplex canescens James. On dry mesas and alkaline valleys from S. D. to Wyo., Kans., N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Wolcott; Walsen- burg; Fort Collins; Caiion City; Huerfano Valley; Grand Junction; Pueblo; between Bents' Fort and Upper Pueblo; Olathie; Gypsum; Hotchkiss, Delta Co. 16. Atriplex occidentalis Torr. On dry mesas from Colo, to Utah, Texas and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Boulder; Huerfano Valley; Mancos; Pueblo. 17. Atriplex hortensis L. Escaped from cultivation in waste places. — Alt. up to 7000 ft. — Boulder; Glenwood Springs; La Veta; vicinity of Fort Col- lins. 6. SUCKLEYA A. Gray. I. Suckleya Suckleyana CTorr.) Rydb. (S. peiiolata A. Gray.) River valleys from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Six miles southeast of Golden ; Cheyenne Wells ; Denver. 7. GRAYIA H. & A. I. Grayia Brandegei A. Graj'. In desert regions of Colo. — Flill's ranch, Elmo Creek. 8. EUROTIA Adans. White Sage, Winter Sage. I. Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moq. On hillsides and sage plains from S. D. to Wash., Kans. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Fort Collins; Salida; New Windsor; Gunnison; La Veta; Trail Glen; Grand River, above Kremmling; Boulder; bluffs north of La Porte; Barlow ranch, three miles from Forks' Hotel; banks of Cache la Poudre; Gypsum; Fort Collins. CHENOPODIACEAE. 119 9. KOCHIA Rath. Perennials ; leaves narrowly linear, fleshy. Branches tomentulose, soon glabrate ; leaves somewhat hairy when young ; fruit nearly smooth. i. K. americana. Branches and leaves densely and permanently hairy ; fruit very pubescent. 2. K. vestita. Annual ; leaves linear-lanceolate, not fleshy. 3. K. scoparia. 1. Kochia americana S. Wats. In alkaline meadows and marshes from Wyo. to Cal., Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. about 4600 ft. — Grand Junction. 2. Kochia vestita S. Wats. In alkaline meadows and marshes from Wyo. to Cal. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Grand Junction ; McElmo Carion. 3. Kochia scoparia Schrad. Introduced from Europe and sparingly grow- ing in waste places from N. Y. and Mich, to Pa. and Colo. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Fort Collins; New Windsor. 10. CORIOSPERMUM L. Bug-seed. Fruit with a distinct wing at least H nim. wide. Spike lax; lower bracts much narrower than the fruit. i. C. nitidum. Spike dense ; lower bracts rarely narrower than the fruit. 2. C. marginale. Fruit merely acute, margined, scarcely winged. Plant glabrous. 3. C. ernarginatum. Plant more or less villous. 4. C. villosum. 1. Coriospermum nitidum Kit. (C. hyssoppifoUum microcarpum S. Wats.) On sand-hills and in caiions from Ills, to N. D., Tex. and Colo. ; also in Europe and Asia. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Huerfano Valley; Colorado Springs; Carion City. 2. Coriospermum marginale Rydb. In valleys of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Denver; Huerfano Valley; Rocky Ford; near Boulder. 3. Coriospermum emarginatum Rydb. In valleys of Wyo. and Colo.— Colo- rado (exact locality not given). 4. Coriospermum villosum Rydb. In. sandy valleys from Alb. to Ore., Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Salida ; Gunnison ; Buena Vista. II. SALICORNIA L. Glass-wort. I. Salicornia herbacea L. {S. rubra A. Nelson.) In salt marshes from Que. to B. C, Ga. and Calif. — North Park; Larimer Co. 12. SARCOBATUS Nees. Grease- wood. I. Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook) Torr. In dry alkaline or saline soil from Neb. to Wash., Tex. and Calif.— Alt. 4000-9000 ft.— Salida; Mancos; Grand Junction; Mancos Canon; Lake John, North Park; near Montrose; Walsenburg ; Olathie ; Black Caiion of the Gunnison ; Gypsum ; Middle Park. 13. DONDIA Adans. Sea Blite. Sepals more or less fleshy, but none of them carinate ; leaves narrowed at the base. Plant perennial, stout. i- D. Moquini. Plant annual, slender. 2. D. diffusa. I'-'O CHENOPODIACEAE. Sepals very fleshy, one or two decidedly carinate ; leaves broadest near the base. Plant depressed, spreading. 3. D. depressa. Plant ereet. 4. D. crecta. 1. Dondia Moquini (Torr.) A. Nels. (Chenopodium Moquini Torr. ; Swacda Torrcyaua S. Wats.) In salt marshes from Wyo. to Nev., Colo, and Lower Calif. — Canon City; Hotchkiss. 2. Dondia diffusa (S. Wats.) Heller. (Szvacda diffusa S. Wats.) In salt marshes from Ncbr. to Nev. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Salida; Grand Junction; Mancos; Canon City; Delta; Pueblo. 3. Dondia depressa (Pursh) Britton. {Salsola depressa Pursh ; Swacda depressa S. Wats.) In salt marshes from Sask. to Mont., Colo, and Nev. — Alt. up to 8000 ft. — Buena Vista; river bottom land, Fort Collins; Delta. 4. Dondia erecta (S. Wats.) A. Nels. (Swacda depressa erecta S. Wats.) In salt marshes from N. D. to Mont, Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Grand Junction ; Lake John, North Park ; Fort Collins ; Pueblo ; along Pou- dre River. 14. SALSOLA L. Russian Thistle, Salt-wort. I. Salsola Tragus L. In waste places and old fields ; introduced from Eu- rope and naturalized from Ont. to Wash., Mo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Near Boulder; Pueblo; Denver; Huerfano Valley; Canon City; Walsenburg; La Salle. Family 46. AMARANTHACEAE J. St. HiL Amaranth Family. Anthers 2-celIed ; green plants with alternate leaves. Perianth present in all flowers. i. Amaranthus. Perianth wanting in the pistillate flowers. 2. Acnida. Anthers i-celled ; stellate or woolly plants with mainly opposite leaves. Filaments united into a short cup at the base; calyx neither crested nor spiny; plants stellate, dift'use. 3. Cladotrix. Filaments united into a long tube ; calyx crested and tubercled or spiny at maturity ; plants wooll5% erect. 4. Froelichia. I. AMARANTHUS L. Amaranth, Pigweed. Sepals clawed ; flowers in terminal and axillary spikes. Bracts lanceolate, shorter than the flowers. i. A. Torreyi. Bracts subulate, longer than the flowers. 2. A. Palmeri. Sepals not clawed. Plants tall, simple ; flowers in terminal and axillary spikes. Stamens 3 ; sepals 1-2 mm. long. 3. A. Pozvellii. Stamens s ; sepals 2-3 mm. long. Spikes stout, 8-14 mm. thick, strict; stem usually more or less pubescent. 4. A. rctroflexus. Spikes slender, 4-6 mm. thick, usually drooping ; stem glabrous. 5. A. hybridus. Plant low, much branched ; flowers in small axillary spikes, shorter than the leaves. Sepals 4-5 ; bracts lanceolate-subulate, a little longer than the sepals ; plant prostrate. 6. A. blitoides. Sepals 3 ; bracts much longer than the sepals, pungent ; plant erect, glabrous. 7. A. graecizens. AMARANTHACEAE. 121 1. Amaranthus Torreyi (A. Gray) Benth. (Amblogyne Torreyi A. Gray.) In sandy soil from Iowa and Wyo. to Mex. and L. Cal. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Fort Collins ; north fork of Gunnison, Delta Co. 2. Amaranthus Palmeri S. Wats. In sandy soil from Kans. and Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. about 6000 ft. — Clear Creek Canon, above Golden. 3. Amaranthus Powellii S. Wats. In sandy valleys from Colo, to Texas and Calif. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Southeast of Ouray; Boulder; Alamosa. 4. Amaranthus retroflexus L. In waste places from Vt. to Ida., Fla. and Mex.; naturalized from Europe. — Alt. up to 6000 ft. — Denver; Cheyenne Mountain ; Fort Collins ; Durango. 5. Amaranthus hybridus L. In waste places from R. I. to Colo., Fla. and Calif. ; also in Mex. ; naturalized from Europe. — Upper Rio Grande ; exact locality not given. 6. Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. In dry grounds, roadsides and waste places from N. Y. to Mont., La. and Calif.— Alt. 4000-10,000 ft.— Pike's Peak trail; Manitou; Colorado Springs; Ouray; Buena Vista; Durango; vicinity of Fort Collins. 7. Amaranthus graecizens L. {A. albus L.) In cultivated grounds and waste places from R. I. to Wash., Fla. and Ariz.; introduced from tropical America. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Colorado Springs ; Fort Collins. 2. ACNIDA L. Water Hemp. I. Acnida tamariscina (Nutt.) Wood. In alluvial soil from 111. to S. D., La. and N. M. — Alt. up to 5000 ft. — Fort Collins. 3. CLADOTRIX Nutt. I. Cladotrix lanuginosa Nutt. In dry soil from Kans. to Colo., Tex., Ariz, and Mex.— Rocky Ford. I. FROELICHIA Moench. Stout, 6-12 dm. tall; crest of fruiting calyx continuous, dentate, i. F. campestris. Slender, 2-5 dm. high ; crest of fruiting calyx interrupted. 2. F. gracilis. 1, Froelichia campestris Small. (F. Floridana Coult. ; in part.) In sandy soil from Mo. to Colo, and Tex.— Alt. about 5000 ft.— New Windsor, Weld Co. 2, Froelichia gracilis Moq. In sandy valleys from Neb. to Colo., Ark. and Texas. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft.— Boulder; Colorado Springs; Denver; along Pou- dre ; Fort Collins ; Manitou ; Ute Pass. Family 47. CORRIGIOLACEAE Reichenb. Whitlow-wort Family. I. PARONYCHIA Adans. Whitlow-worth. Flowers solitary ; leaves scarcely exceeding the bracts ; plants densely pulvinate. Leaves elliptic, thick, not spinulose-tipped. i. P- pulvinata. Leaves linear, chartaceous, spinulose-tipped. Leaves arcuate, spreading; spinules of sepals over i mm. long. 2. P. scssiliflora. TJ2 CORRIGIOLACEAE. Leaves straight, ascending ; spinulcs of sepals less than i nnn. 3. I', brcrispiiia. Flowers more or less clustered ; leaves much longer than the bracts. Plant low and ditTuse, less than i dni. high ; calyx fully 3 mm. long. 4. F. diffusa. Plant taller, i dm. or more high; stem erect or ascending; calyx 2-2.5 nim. long. Branches of the cymes ascending ; calyx about 2.5 mm. long : sepals lanceolate, gradually acuminate. 5. P. Jatitcsii. Branches of the cymes divarcate : calyx aliout 2 mm. long ; sepals oblong, abruptly acuminate. 6. P. IVardii. 1. Paronychia pulvinata A. Gray. On exposed mountain tops from Wyo. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 11,000-14,000 ft. — Cameron Pass; Mt. Garfield; Gray's Peak ; Pike's Peak trail ; Massif de I'Arapahoe ; Berthoud Pass. 2. Paronychia sessiliflora Nutt. On dry ridges from Sask. to Alb., Tex. and Utah. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Upper Larimer River. 3. Paronychia brevispina (A. Nels.) Rydb. (P. scssiliHora brcvispina A. Xcls.) On dry hills in Wyo. and Colo. — Waldon, North Park. 4. Paronychia diffusa A. Nels. On dry plains and mountains from S. D. to Wyo., Kans. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-13.000 ft. — Castle Rock, near Golden; Gray's Peak ; Pike's Peak trail ; Table Rock. 5. Paronychia Jamesii T. & G. On dry plains and mountains from Neb. to Wyo., Tex. and N. M. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Ruxton Ridge; Pike's Peak ; river flats east of Ft. Collins ; Horsetooth Mountain ; moun- tains between Sunshine and Ward ; Boulder ; Larimer Co. ; Morrison ; Meadow Park, Lj^ons ; Colorado City ; Spring Canon ; Ft. Collins ; Horse- tooth Mountain. 6. Paronychia Wardii Rydb. On dry plains from Neb. to Colo., Kans. and Tex. — Alt. up to 7000 ft. — Colorado City; Cheyenne Mountain. Family 48. ALLIONIACEAE Reichenb. Four-o'clock Family. Bracts distinct. i. Abronia. Bracts united. Fruit neither strongly tubercled nor winged. Fruit not ribbed ; involucre herbaceous, little if at all enlarging in fruit, not becoming membranous. Stamens usually 5 ; involucres campanulate, not enlarged in fruit. 2. QuAMOCLiniOX. Stamens 3 ; involucre rotate, somewhat enlarged in fruit in the manner of the next genus, but not membranous. 3. Allioniella. Fruit ribbed ; involucre rotate, in fruit becoming much enlarged and mem- branous. 4. Allioni.x. Fruit with two rows of strong tubercles on the back and surrounded by two toothed inflexed wings. 5- \Vedelia. I. ABRONIA Juss. Fruit narrowly winged or crested ; wings or crests not completely encircling the fruit. Fruit biturbinate, ;'. c, tapering at both ends, irregularly ridged or crested. I. A. fragrans. Fruit turbinate or obpyramidal, i. e., almost truncate above, distinctly winged ; the wings very broad above. Bracts broadly ovate or obovate, acute or obtusish. ALLIONIACEAE. 123 Stem puberulent. 2. A. elliptica. Stem glabrous. 3. A. glabra. Bracts oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, attenuate or cuspidate. 4. A. Carletoni. Fruit completely surrounded by the broad netted-veined membranous wings. Flowers 3 cm. or more long ; limb about i cm. wide : peduncles longer than the leaves. 5- A. cycloptera. Flowers 1.5-2 cm. long; limb about 5 mm. wide. 6. A. micrantha. 1. Abronia fragrans Nutt. In dry sandy soil from S. D. to Ida., Kans. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — New Windsor, Weld Co.; Crow Creek; Ft. Col- lins; Salida; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Walsenburg; near Pueblo; Table Rock ; Fossil Creek ; Colorado Springs. 2. Abronia elliptica A. Nels. {A. Bakeri Greene.) In sandy soil in Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Deer Run ; Grand Junction ; Rifle, Garfield Co. 3. Abronia glabra Rydb. In dry arid soil in Colo, and Utah. — Grand Junction ; near Ft. Collins ; Hotchkiss. 4. Abronia Carletoni Coult. & Fisch. Dry plains of Colo. — Alt. about 5000 ft.— Ft. Collins. 5. Abronia cycloptera A. Gray. Plains from Wyo. to Tex. and Calif. — Exact locality not given. , 6. Abronia micrantha A. Gray. On dry mesas and in sandy soil from S. D. to Mont, and N. M. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Near Pike's Peak; Crow Creek; Canon City; Grand Junction; Trinidad; valley of upper Arkansas River; Swallows, between Canon City and Pueblo; near-Badito; near Pueblo; head- waters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Walsenburg; Salida; New Windsor; Conejos River, north of Antonito. 2. QUAMOCLIDION DC Four-o'clock. I. Quamoclidion multiflorum Torr. (Mirabilis multiHora A. Gray.) In valleys from Colo, to Utah, Texas and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Florence ; Pueblo; Deer Run; Cucharas Junction; Carion City; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Grand Junction; Cimarron; Pueblo; Florence. 3. ALLIONIELLA Rydb. I. Allioniella oxybaphoides (A. Gray) Rydb. (Mirabilis oxybaphoides A. Gray) In valleys from Colo, to Utah and Tex. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Salida; Buena Vista ; Trail Glen. 4. ALLIONIA Loeffl. Umbrell.\-wort. Leaves from cordate to broadly ovate-lanceolate ; all distinctly petioled. 1. A. nyctaginea. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, oblong or linear, sessile or only the lower short-petioled. Involucres in open terminal cymes. Stem more or less hirsute as well as viscid. Leaves ovate or broadly oblong, as well as the stem conspicuously hirsute. 2. A. hirsuta. Leaves linear-lanceolate, almost glabrous ; stem sparingly hirsute or glabrous except under the nodes. 3- A. pilosa. Stem glabrous below, not hirsute, viscid-puberulent above. Lower leaves ovate, rounded at the base. 4- ^- sessili folia. Lower leaves lanceolate to linear, tapering at the base. l--i ALLIONIACEAE. Leaves erect or ascending; lobes of the involucre rounded or broadly triangular-ovate, riant prostrate or diffuse ; involucres and branches of the inflorescence densely viscid hairy. 5. yl. diffusa. Plants more simple, erect or ascending ; branches of the inflorescence usually merely viscid-puberulent. Leaves from ovate or obovate to linear-lanceolate, usually over 5 mm. wide. 6. A. lanceolata. Leaves narrowly linear, less than 5 mm. wide. 7. /}. linearis. Leaves divergent ; lobes of the involucre elliptic or oval. 8. A. divaricala. Involucres on solitary axillary peduncles, rarely also in small dense terminal clusters. y. A. Bodinii. 1. Allionia myctaginia Michx. {Oxybaplnis myctaginius Sweet) In alluvial soil from 111. to Sask., Mo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Denver; Ft. Collins ; buttes along Poudre River, near Ft. Collins. 2. Allionia hirsuta Pursh. On plains and sandy valleys from Minn, to S. D., Nebr. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Cheyenne Mountain ; Manitou ; Colo- rado Springs; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; North Cheyenne Canon; Colorado Springs ; Englemann Canon ; vicinity of Ft. Collins. 3. Allionia pilosa (Nutt.) Rydb. In dry and sandy soil from Wis. to Sask., La. and Tex. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — New Windsor, Weld Co. ; La Veta. 4. Allionia sessilifolia Osterhout. Plains of Colo. — Livermore. 5. Allionia diffusa Heller. In sandy soil and on plains from N. D. to Wyo., Kans. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Minnehaha ; Piedra ; Ft. Collins ; Pueblo ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Table Rock ; liotchkiss ; above Rustic ; Grand Junction. 6. Allionia lanceolata Rydb. On plains and prairies and in dry sandy soil from r^Iinn. to Wyo., Tenn., Tex. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Estes Park, Larimer Co.; Caiion City; New Windsor, Weld Co.; vicinity of Ft. Collins. 7. Allionia linearis Pursh. (Oxybaphiis aiigustifolius Sweet.) On dry plains from I\linn. to Mont., La. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Grand Canon of Arkansas ; Platte River, Denver ; Grand Junction ; southeast of Ouray; Parlin, Gunnison, Co. 8. Allionia divaricata Rydb. In sandy valleys from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. — Durango. 9. Allionia Bodinii (Holz.) Morong. (Oxybaphus Bodinii Holz.) On dry mesas from Colo, to Utah and Tex. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Pueblo ; Ft. Collins. 5. WEDELIA Locffl. I. Wedelia incarnata L. In valleys from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. ; also Mexico and Tropical America. — Caiion City (Greene). Family 49. TETRAGONIACEAE Reichenb. Carpet-weed Family. I. SESSUVIUM L. Sea-pursl.ane. I. Sessuvium sessile Pers. On saline plains from Kans. to Nev., Tex. and Calif. ; also Mex. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Alamosa. PORTULACACEAE. 125 Family 50. PORTULACACEAE Reichenb. Purslane Family. Ovary superior. Sepals 2. Sepals deciduous ; capsule 3-valved. i. Talinum. Sepals persistent. Capsule 3-valved from the apex. Plants with corms or fleshy roots ; stem-leaves opposite. 2. Claytonia. Plants with slender rootstocks or annual roots. Stem with a single sessile pair of leaves, with an erect or ascending rootstock or in ours annual roots. 3. Limia. Stem decumbent or floating, with several pairs of stem-leaves, rooting at the nodes and producing filiform runners, forming bulblets at the apex. 4. Crunocallts. Capsule circumscissile near the base. Plants with fleshy roots and short caudices and numerous basal leaves. 5. Oreobroma. Plants with globose corms and 2-2, cauline leaves. 6. Erocallis. Sepals 4-8. 7. Lewisia. Ovary partly inferior ; upper portion circumscissile, falling off with the sepals. 8. Portulaca. 1. TALINUM Adans. Fame-flower. Flowers about i cm. wide; stamens 5. i. T. parvifloruni. Flowers 2-3 cm ; stamens many. 2. T. calycimim. 1. Talinum parviflorum Nutt. (T. tcretifolium Porter & Coult. ; not L.) In rocky soil from Minn, to S. D., Tex. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000- 7000 ft. — Garden of the Gods; Denver, along the Platte River; Ft. Collins; Mason's river-front farm ; Spring Canon. 2, Talinum calycinum Engelm. In sandy soil from Ark. to Colo., Tex. to N. M. — Exact locality not given. 2. CLAYTONIA L. Spring Beauty. Plant with rounded corms ; basal leaves few. Stem leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate, i-ribbed or indistinctly 3-ribbed. Leaves petioled ; corolla white. i. C. virginiana. Leaves sessile ; corolla pink. 2. C. rosea. Stem leaves broadly lanceolate, distinctly 3-ribbed. 3. C. lanceolata. Plants with a short caudex and a fleshy tap root ; basal leaves numerous. 4. C. megarrhisa. 1. Claytonia virginiana L. Around springs from N. S. and Mont, to Va., Tex. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Foot-hills, Ft. Collins ; Soldier Caiion ; Larimer Co. 2. Claytonia rosea Rydb. In rich damp soil in Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 7000- 8000 ft. — Graham's Peak ; hills southeast of La Veta. 3. Claytonia lanceolata Pursh. (C. Caroliniana sessilifolia Torr.) In wet rich soil from Sask. and B. C. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Howe's Gulch; gulch west of Dixon Caiion; Horsetooth Gulch; Grand Mesa. 4. Claytonia megarrhiza Parry. Among rock-slides, on the higher moun- tains, from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000-14,000 ft. — West Spanish Peak; Cameron Pass; Gray's Peak; Central City; James' Peak; Pike's Peak; near Pagosa Peak; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains; Como; Boreas; l-<3 PORTITLACACEAE. Carson ; Mt. Bartlctt ; Robinson ; mountains near Empire ; Massif de I'Arapa- hoe; Lake City; headwaters of Clear Creek; mountains nortliwest of Como; Boreas; Devil's Causeway; Bertlioud Pass; Etliel Peak. 3. LIMNIA L. Spanish Lettuce. I. Limnia depressa (A. Gray) Rydb. (Claytoiiia parviAora depressa A. Gray) On river banks and near springs from S. D. to Wash., Colo., Ariz, and Calif. — Reported from Colorado, but doubtful. 4. CRUNOCALLIS Rydb. Water Spring Beauty. I. Crunocallis Chamissonis (Esch.) Rydb. (Claytoiiia Chamissonis Esch.) In streams from Minn, to B. C. N. M. and Calif. — .-Mt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Rabbit- Ear Pass ; Beaver Creek ; Long Gulch ; Ward, Boulder Co. ; Middle Park ; Green Mountain Falls ; North Park ; Empire ; Moon's ranch, Larimer Co. ; Empire; Walton Creek, North Park; Baxter's ranch; Table Rock; Middle Park; Arapahoe Pass; Beaver Creek; Long Gulch. 5. OREOBROMA Howell. Sepals not erose-denticulate. 1. O. nevadensis. Sepals erose-denticulate. 2. O. Grayi. 1. Oreobroma nevadensis (S. Wats.) Howell. (Calandrinia Nevadensis S. Wats.) On dry mountains from Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Steamboat Springs. 2. Oreobroma pygmaea (A. Gray) Howell. (Calandrinia pygmaca A. Gray) Dry mountain sides from Mont, to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. up to 12,000 ft. — Mountain northeast of Boreas ; Ragged Mountain, Gunnison Co. ; Leroux Parks ; Cameron Pass ; Bob Creek ; Boreas ; Leadville ; Grayback mining camp; Arapahoe Peak. 6. EROCALLIS Rydb. I. Erocallis triphylla (S. Wats.) Rydb. (Claytonia triphylla S. Wats.; Oreobroma triphylla Howell) In the mountains from Wyo. and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Cameron Pass. 7. LEWISIA Pursh. Bitter Root. I. Lewisia redeviva Pursh. On stony ridges from Mont, to Colo., Ariz, and Calif. — Pinkham Creek. Larimer Co. 8. PORTULACA L. Purslane, Pusslev. Stem prostrate ; sepals pointed in the bud ; seeds obscurely granulate. \ P. oleracca. Stem ascending ; sepals obtuse in the bud ; seeds echinate-tuberculate. 2. P. retusa. 1. Portulaca oleracea L. In wa.ste places and cultivated soil from Maine to Mont., Fla. and Mex. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Ft. Collins. 2. Portulaca retusa Engelm. In sandy soil from Ark. to Nev., Tex. and N. M. — Alt. up to 6000 ft. — Colorado Springs. ALSINACEAE. 127 Family 51. ALSINACEAE Wahl. Chickweed Family. Stipules wanting. Petals 2-cleft or 2-parted. Capsule short ovate or oblong; styles usually 3. i. Alsine. Capsule long, cylindric and often curved; styles usually 5. 2. Cerastium. Petals entire or merely notched. Styles as many as the sepals and alternate with them. 3. Sagina. Styles fewer than the sepals or if occasionally of the same number opposite them. Seeds with a basal membranous appendage (strophiole) at the hylum. 4. MOEHRINGIA. Seeds not strophiolate. Capsules opening by twice as many valves as the styles. 5. Arexaria. Capsules opening by as many valves as the styles. 6. Alsixopsis. Stipules present. 7. Tissa. I. ALSINE L. St.\r\vort. Chick-weed, Stitchwort. Lower leaves ovate, abruptly contracted into a distinct petiole. 1. A. media. Leaves all sessile or subsessile. Plant not at all viscid. Upper bracts at least scarious. Petals minute or none ; branches of the inflorescence at last reflexed. 2. A. baicalensis. Petals equalling or exceeding the sepals ; branches of the inflorescence ascending. Leaves broadest about the middle, narrowed at the base. 3. A. longifolia. Leaves broadest near the base. Leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, light green ; flowers usually many. 4. A. longipes. Leaves lanceolate, bluish green ; flowers few, often solitary. 5. A. laeta. None of the bracts scarious. Leaves linear to lanceolate, more than four times as long as broad. Petals equalling or exceeding the sepals. Plant low, less than i dm. high, bluish green. 5. A. laeta. Plant tall, light green ; stem over i dm. long. 6. A. horealis. Petals much shorter than the sepals or none. 7. A. crassifolia. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, ovate or oval, less than four times as long as broad. Leaves thin. Stem glabrous or nearly so ; sepals obtuse. 8. A. obtttsa. Stem distinctly pubescent ; sepals acutish. 9. A. calycantha. Leaves very thick and fleshy. 10. A. polygonoides. Plant more or less viscid, especially the upper portion. 11. A. Jamesiana. 1. Alsine media L. {Stellaria media Cyr.) Introduced around dv^ellings. Native of Europe and Asia. — Ft. Collins. 2. Alsine baicalensis Coville. {Stellaria umbellata Turcz.) Along moun- tain streams from Mont, to Ore., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 8000-14,000 ft. — Cameron Pass ; Red Mountain ; Seven Lakes ; Buffalo Pass ; Beaver Creek ; Ouray; Ruby; West Spanish Peak; Grayback mining camps; Silver Plume; near Pagosa Peak ; Middle Park ; Mt. Hesperus ; Trapper's Lake ; Pike's Peak ; Gray's Peak ; Ironton ; Argentine Pass ; northeast of Boreas ; Eldora to Baltimore ; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. 12S .\i.sixAci:.\r.. 3. Alsine longifolia (Muhl.) Britt. (Sti-llaria loitgifolia Miihl.) In wet nicailows from Ncwf. to Alaska. Md. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-11,000 ft. — Pike's Peak; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Tennessee Pass; Mancos; Larimer Co.; Andrew's Shetland ranch; Idaho Springs; Iligho; Parlin ; Shecphorn Divide; Gunnison; lola; headwaters of Clear Creek; Graymont; Conejos River, north of Antonito; P.axtcr's ranch; Tabic Rock; Steamboat Springs. 4. Alsine longipes (Goldie) Coville. (Stcllaria longipcs Goldie) In wet meadows from Lab. to B. C. and Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft.— Leronx Parks; Caribou. In the Rocky Mountain region it is mostly represented by var. stricta (Richardson) Rydb. (Stcllaria stricta Richardson.) It differs from the type in having acute sepals. Its range extends farther southwest to Calif. — Alt. 8000-11,000 ft. — West Indian Creek; Moon's ranch. Larimer Co.; Marshall Pass; Dark Cafion; Tennessee Pass; Eldora to Baltimore. 5. Alsine laeta (Richards.) Rydb. In wet places in the mountain sides from Lab. to B. C, Que. and Nev. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft.— Little Veta Mountain; West Spanish Peak ; Bob and Chicken Creeks ; Beaver Creek ; Devil's Causeway. 6. Alsine borealis (Bigel.) Britt. In wet meadows from Lab. to Alaska, N. J. and Calif. — Idaho Springs ; Trapper's Lake. 7. Alsine crassifolia (Ehrh.) Britton. (Stcllaria crassifolia Ehrh.) Marshes and wet places from Lab. to Alaska, Que. and Colo. — Alt. about 10,000 ft. — Como. 8. Alsine obtusa (Engelm.) Rose. (Stcllaria obtiisa Engelm.) In wet places from Mont, to B. C, Colo., Utah and Wash. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Ruby ; Anthracite Creek. 9. Alsine calycantha (Bong.) Rydb. (Stcllaria calycantha Bong.) In bogs and wet meadows from Mont, to Alaska, Colo, and Calif.— Alt. 9000-10,500 ft. — Bogs, Columbine ; Bob Creek. 10. Alsine polygonoides Greene. In wet places in Colo. — Alt. about 11.500 ft. — Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains. 11. Alsine Jamesiana (Torn) Heller. (Stcllaria Jamcsiana Torr.) In wet woodlands from Wyo. to N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Howe's Gulch ; Rist Caiion ; Poverty Ridge ; near Cimarron ; mountains west of Steamboat Springs; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; Mesa Verde; Cucharas River, below La Veta ; Apex ; hills south of Rifle, Garfield Co. ; Mancos ; Platte Caiion ; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 2. CERASTIUM L. Mouse-ear Chickweed, Powder-horn. Annual "; pods 2-3 times as long as the calyx. Pedicels in fruit 1-3 times as long as the calyx, straight or nearly so. 1. C. brachypoditm. Pedicels in fruit 5 times as long as the calyx or longer, strongly curved above. 2. C. longipedunculatum. Perennials ; pods 1-2 times as long as the calyx. Leaves oblong, ovate or oval, mostly obtuse or acutish. Petals I cm. long or more, fully twice as long as the calyx. Sepals, at least the outer, oval, obtuse, scarious-margined at the tip as well as on the sides. 3. C. pulchelluin. Sepals lanceolate, acute, scarious-margined mostly only on the sides. ,• 4. C Ear lei. ALSINACEAE. 129 Petals less than i cm. long. Sepals tinged with purple; stem depressed. 5. C. heeringianum. Sepals light green ; plant not depressed. 6. C. pilosum. Leaves, except the uppermost, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute. Leaves of the inflorescence short, broadly ovate. 7. C. oreophilum. Leaves all linear or linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong. Stem villous with reflexed hairs. 8. C. campestre. Stem finely glandular puberulent. Leaves thin and soft, all linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate ; midrib not prominent. 9. C. scopulonim. Leaves thick and firm; midrib prominent. 10. C. occidentalc. 1. Cerastium brachypodium (Engelni.) Robbinson. In dry sandy soil from S. D. to Mont., Mo., Tex. and Ariz. ; also Mex. — Alt. 4000-7500 ft. — Moun- tains, Larimer Co. ; Pennock's mountain ranch ; gulch west of Pennock's ; Ft. Collins ; gulch west of Soldier Cafion ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Howe's Gulch ; Bijou Basin. 2. Cerastium longipedunculatum Muhl. (C. nutans Ra.) In wet places from N. S. to B. C, N. C, Ariz, and Ore. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Veta Pass; lola; Veta Mountain. 3. Cerastium pulchellum Rydb. On alpine peaks of Colo. — Alt. 13,000 ft. — Hayden Peak. 4. Cerastium Earlei Rydb. In wet places among rocks in the mountains of Colorado. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — Near La Plata Post Office; Little Kate Basin ; Mt. Robinson ; Cumberland Basin ; Horsetooth Gulch. 5. Cerastium heeringianum C. & S. In alpine-arctic regions among rocks from Alb. to Alaska, Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — Gray's Peak; Seven Lakes ; Upper West Mancos Canon ; Mt. Hesperus, at timber line ; mountains of Estes Park; Bottomless Pit, near Pike's Peak; West Spanish Peak; head- waters of Clear Creek ; southeast of Cameron Pass. 6. Cerastium pilosum Greene. In alpine places among rocks in Colo. — Alt. 5000-12,000 ft. — IMountains above Ouray; Horsetooth Gulch. 7. Cerastium oreophilum Greene. In wet places among the mountains from Colo, to Calif. — Alt. 5000-12,000 ft. — Seven Lakes; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins ; Pass Creek ; mountain near Veta Pass. 8. Cerastium campestre Greene. On hills and mountain-sides from Alb. to Yukon, Wash, and Colo.— Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Mt. Abram, Ouray ; Pike's Peak ; foot-hills north of Ft. Collins; Berthoud Pass; Continental Divide; Muddy Pass; North Park; Soldier Canon; Horsetooth Gulch; Trapper's Lake; Pen- nock's ; Como ; Dixon Cafion ; Spring Caiion, Howe's Gulch ; Coup Divide. g. Cerastium scopulorum Greene. In mountains from Colo, to Wyo. and N. M. — Alt. 9000-11,000 ft.— Near La Plata Post Office; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains; vicinity of Como; Robinson; Veta Pass; Cameron Pass; Dixon Canon. 10. Cerastium occidentale Greene. On dry hills from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Cripple Creek road; Seven Lakes; Cameron Pass; Veta Mountain ; Clear Creek Station ; Empire ; Horsetooth Mountain ; Horse- tooth Gulch; Bear Creek Caiion; Spicer, Larimer Co.; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. 9 i:;(i ALSINACEAE. 3. SAGINA L. Peal-wort. Basal leaves linear-filiform; petals shorter than the green sepals, i. S. saginoides. Basal leaves subulate ; petals longer than the purple-tinged sepals. 2. S. nivalis. 1. Sagina saginoides (L.) Britton. {S. Linnaci Presl) In wet places, among rocks and on brook-banks from Green), to Alaska, Que., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Twin Lakes; Grayback mining camps; La Plata Post Office; headwaters of Clear Creek; Cameron Pass; Buffalo Pass; Em- pire; Chambers' Lake. 2. Sagina nivalis Fries. In arctic-alpine localities from Lab. to Alaska and Colo. — Alt. about 14,000 ft. — Gray's Peak. 4. MOEHRINGIA L. Leaves elliptic-oblong or oval, usually obtuse ; sepals obtuse or acutish ; stem terete. 1. M. lateriflora. Leaves lanceolate, acute ; sepals very acute or acuminate ; stem angled. 2. M. macrophylla. 1. Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenz. {Arenaria lateriflora 'L.) In wet places, especially among bushes, from Lab. to Alaska, N. J. and Utah. — Alt. 5000- 10,000 ft. — Happy Hollow, Larimer Co.; headwaters of Pass Creek; Leroux Creek, Delta Co.; Rifle, Garfield Co.; Stove Prairie; Walton Creek. 2. Moehringia macrophylla (Hook.) Torr. {A. macrophylla Hook.) In wet places, among bushes, from Lab. to B. C, Vt. and Calif. — Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. — Red Mountain ; Slide Rock Caiion. 5. ARENARIA L. Sandwort. Leaves neither narrowly linear nor pungent. Plant low and spreading ; stem less than i dm. long ; leaves ovate or ovate- lanceolate, less than i cm. long. i. A. polycaulos. Plant taller ; stem 2-2, dm. long ; leaves oblong or linear-oblong, over i cm. long. 2. A. confusa. Leaves narrowly linear, more or less rigid and pungent. Sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate. Inflorescence contracted and headlike. 3. A. congesta. Inflorescence more open. Flowers mostly subsessile in small glomerules at the ends of the branches of the very irregular cymes. 4. A. Burkei. Flowers all pedicelled in open regular cymes ; inflorescence more or less glandular. Leaves distinctly pungent ; plant sparingly glandular-puberulent. 5. A. uintahensis. Leaves more fleshy, hardly pungent ; inflorescence and calyx densely glan- dular-pubescent. 6. A. Tweedy i. Sepals narrowly lanceolate, acuminate. Cymes open, not densely congested. Plant more or less glandular. 7. A. Fendleri. Plant perfectly glabrous. 8. A. Eastwoodiae. Cymes densely congested. Sepals 8-10 mm. long; stem leaves 2-3 cm. long. 9. A. pinetorum. Sepals 5-7 mm. long; stem-leaves 0.5-1.5 cm. long. 10. A. Hookeri. I, Arenaria polycaulos Rydb. {A. saxosa Coulter; not A. Gray) On dry hills from Colo, to Ariz. — Alt. 9000-10,000 ft. — La Plata Post Office; Dark Cafion ; Breckenridge; Grayback mining camps; Mt. Harvard; Silverton. ALSINACEAE. 131 2. Arenaria confusa Rydb. (A. saxosa Robinson, in part) In sandy soil from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 7500-12,000 ft. — Ouray; Wahatoya Creek; near Pagosa Peak; La Plata Mountains; Mancos. 3. Arenaria congesta Nutt. On dry plains from Mont, to Wash., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Oak mesa. Delta Co. ; Little Muddy Creek, Gun- nison Co.; Twin Lakes; North Park; along the Michigan; Middle Park; Ouray; Cimarron. 4. Arenaria Burkei Howell. {A. subcongesta {Wdits.) 'R.yAh.'} On plains and hills from Mont, to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Hills about Box Canon, west of Ouray; Willow Creek, Routt Co. 5. Arenaria uintahensis A. Nels. Dry plains from Mont, and Ida. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Mesa on the Gunnison River ; Grand Junction. 6. Arenaria Tweedyi Rydb. On dry mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 12,000 ft. — La Plata Mountains. 7. Arenaria Fendleri A. Gray. On dry hills and mountains from Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-13,500 ft. — Mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Crystal Park; Stage Coach Mountain; butte 5 miles southwest of La Veta; Callian; Cascades, near Pike's Peak; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Cam- eron Pass ; Crystal Lake ; Colorado Springs ; Caribou ; headwaters of Clear Creek; Gray's Peak; Dillon Canon; vicinity of Como; Leroux Creek; Cam- eron Pass ; Moon's ranch ; Wood's ranch ; mountains between Steele's and Little Beaver ; Graymont ; West Cameron Pass ; South Park, southeast of Jefiferson; Monument; Campton's Pass; Ethel Peak. Arenaria Fendleri Porteri Rydb. On dry mountain ridges of Colo. — Alt. 7000-13,500 ft. — Mount Ouray; Pike's Peak; Alpine Tunnel; mountains west of Como ; South Park, southeast of Jefferson ; Silver Plume ; George- town; Stephan's Mine; divide between Colorado Springs and Denver; Estes Park, Larimer Co. ; Pike's Peak ; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains ; West Spanish Peak ; La Plata Post Office ; north of Cheyenne Canon ; Em- pire; Berthoud Pass. Arenaria Fendleri diffusa Porter & Coulter. On dry mountains of Colo. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Mountains between Steele's and Little Beaver; Como; Mt. Harvard ; Green Mountain Falls ; Georgetown ; Cheyenne Mountain ; Middle Park; Boulder. 8. Arenaria Eastwoodiae Rydb. {A. Fendleri glabrescens Wats.?) On dry hills in western Colo. — Grand Junction. 9. Arenaria pinetorum A. Nels. On dry hills from S. D. to Ida., Neb. and Colo. — Livermore, Larimer Co. ; Cedar Hills ; Owl Caiion. 10. Arenaria Hookeri Nutt. On dry hills from Mont, to Nebr. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Larimer Co. ; Cedar Hills. 6. ALSINOPSIS Small. Sandwort. Sepals acute or acuminate. Petals 6-7 mm. long, much exceeding the sepals. i. A. macrantha. Petals small, scarcely exceeding the sepals. Plant densely glandular. 2. A. propinqua. Plant glabrous or nearly so. Leaves linear-subulate, usually over i cm. long, i -nerved, obtuse, more or less triangular, fleshy. 3. A. Rossii. 132 ALSINACEAE. Leaves lincar-lanccolatf, 3-nerved, ncutish, flat, less than 1 cm. long. 4. A. qtiadrivalvis. Sepals obtuse. 5. A. ohtusiloba. 1. Alsinopsis macrantha Rydb. In sandy .soil in tlic mountains of Colo. — Little Kate Basin, La I'lata Aloimtains. 2. Alsinopsis propinqua (Richards.) Rydb. {Arciiaria propinqiia Richard- son; ./. vcrna liirta Am. auth. ; A vcrna acquicaulis A. Nels.) In sandy soil from Hudson Bay and Mackenzie River, to B. C, Colo, to Utah.— Alt. 8000- 13,000 ft. — Pike's Peak; Silverton; Saddle Cliffs; Georgetown; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains ; near Pagosa Peak ; South Park ; Boreas ; Beaver Creek ; Chambers' Lake ; Eldora to Baltimore. 3. Alsinopsis Rossii (Richards.) Rydb. {Arcnaria Kossii Richards.) In arctic-alpine regions from the arctic coast to Colo, and Wash. — Alt. 11,000- 13,500 ft. — Sierra Blanca ; Bald Mountain. 4. Alsinopsis quadrivalvis (R. Br.) Rydb. (Arenaria quadrivalvis R. Br.) In alpine-arctic situations, along the arctic coast of North America and on alpine peaks in Colo. — " Colorado." 5. Alsinopsis ohtusiloba Rydb. {Arcnaria obtiisa Torr. ; not All. ; A. biflora S. Wats., in pari; A. Sajancnsis Robinson; scarcely Willd.) On exposed mountain tops from Alb. to B. C, N. M. and Utah. — Alt. 10,000-13,500 ft. — Mt. Garfield ; Pike's Peak p- Beaver Creek ; Ward, Boulder Co. ; Mount Ouray; Alpine Tunnel; Mt. Harvard; Cameron Pass; Iron Mountain; West Spanish Peak; near Pagosa Peak; Gray's Peak; Mt. Princeton; Seven Lakes; Caribou; Empire; headwaters of Clear Creek; Massif de I'Arapahoe ; mountains near Como ; Cameron Pass ; Graymont ; Beaver Creek ; Berthoud Pass; northwest of Coino; Gray's Peak; Cameron Pass; Graymont; Ethel Peak. 7. TISSA Adans. Sai^d Spurry. I. Tissa sparsiflora Greene. Sandy and alkaline soil from Wyo. to B. C, Colo, and Ore. — New Windsor. Family 52. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Reichenb. Pink Family. Calyx-ribs, usually 10, at least twice as many as the teeth, running both into the teeth and the sinuses. Styles mostly 3 ; capsule usually septate at the base. i. Silene. Styles s ; capsule i-celled to the base. 2. Lychnis. Calyx strongly 5-angled and 5-ribbed. 3. Vaccaria. I, SILENE L. Catchfly, Campion. Annuals. Glabrous or nearly so or the upper nodes glutinous. Stem-leaves linear or linear-lanceolate ; Ijracts narrowly linear-lanceolate. Petals exceeding the sepals by 2-5 mm. ; blade obovate-cuneate, 2-cleft. I. 5'. antirrhina. Petals none or small, not exceeding the sepals ; blade cuneate, truncate or emarginate at the apex. 2. S. antirrhina depauperata. Stem-leaves oblanceolate or lanceolate ; bracts lanceolate, more or less scarious- margined below. 3. 5". antirrhina vaccariifolia. Viscid-pubescent or hirsute throughout. 4. .S". noctiflora. CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 133 Perennials. Calyx not much inflated. Plant caulescent, rather tall, not densely matted. Inflorescence thyroid-paniculate, racemiform or spicate, not leafy ; flowers over I cm. long. Claws and auricles of the petals narrow ; the latter laciniate ; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate. 5. S. Scouleri. Claws and auricles of the petals broad ; the latter ciliate ; leaves ob- lanceolate. 6. 5. Hallii. Inflorescence leafy ; the flowers borne in the axils of the branches, less than I cm. long. Leaves broadly oblanceolate, spreading ; branches of the inflorescence divaricate. 7. 5". Menziesii. Leaves narrowly oblanceolate, ascending ; branches of the inflorescence usually ascending or erect. 8. 6". stellarioides. Plant subacaulescent, densely cespitose, dwarf. 9. 5". acaulis. Calyx much inflated and bladdery. 10. .S". vulgaris. 1. Silene antirrhina L. In waste places from Newf. to B. C, Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 5000-6500 ft. — Palmer Lake; northwest of Soldier Canon. 2. Silene antirrhina depauperata Rydb. In sandy soil from Sask. to B. C, Colo, and Ariz. — Exact locality not given. 3. Silene antirrhina vaccariifolia Rydb. On hillsides from Mont, and Ida. to Colo.^Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Larimer Co. ; Rist Canon ; near Golden. 4. Silene noctiflora L. In waste places and^fields from N. S. to Man., Fla. and Utah. Naturalized from Europe. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Ft. Collins. 5. Silene Scouleri Hook. In the mountain valleys and hillsides from Ida. to B. C, Colo, and Ore. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak. 6. Silene Hallii S. Wats. In the mountains of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 6000- 12,000 ft. — Jack's Cabin, Gunnison watershed; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Ruxton Dell ; Villa Grove ; Cheyenne Caiion ; Mancos ; Upper La Plata Canon ; headwaters of Clear Creek ; Gray's Peak ; Bosworth's ranch ; Stove Prairie; Mt. Harvard. 7. Silene Menziesii Hook. In wet soil, especially among bushes, from Mont, to B. C, Neb., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 7000-10,500 ft. — Ouray; Bob Creek: headwaters of Clear Creek; Graymont; Gore Pass; North Park; Hotchkiss ; Dolores. 8. Silene stellarioides Nutt. Among bushes from Mont, to Wash, and Colo. — Alt. 7000-9000 ft. — Gunnison ; Leroux Creek, Delta Co. ; Middle Park ; Mancos ; Los Pinos ; Sangre de Cristo Creek. 9. Silene acaulis L. On exposed mountain tops, often near the snow, from Greenl. to Alaska, N. H. and Ariz. — Alt. 9000-13,000 ft. — Saddle, Pike's Peak; West Spanish Peak ; Mt. Hesperus and Little Kate Basin ; near Pagosa Peak ; Mt. Harvard ; Boreas ; Gray's Peak ; Cameron Pass ; Marshall Pass ; Massif de I'Arapahoe ; Crystal Lake ; Beaver Creek ; Leroux Creek ; Ethel Peak. 10. Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke. {S. inHata J. E. Smith.) Intro- duced from Europe, in meadows and waste places, from N. B. and Ills, to N. J. and Colo. — Manitou. 2. LYCHNIS L. Tall, 3 dm. high or more, several to many-flowered. Petals included. i. L. Dnimmondii. Petals exserted. 2. L. striata. Low, about I dm. high ; flowers 1-3. 3. L. montana. 134 CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 1. Lychnis Drummondii (Hook.) S. Wats. On dry liills and plains from Man. to B. C, N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Sangrc dc Cristo Creek; Middle Park; Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray; hills about Box Canon, west of Ouray; Marshall Pass; Georgetown; Yampa ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Trapper's Lake; South Park; Empire; vicinity of Conio; Lcroux Creek, Delta Co. 2. Lychnis striata Rydb. On hillsides from Wyo. to Utah and Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Cameron Pass; Silver Plume. 3. Lychnis montana S. Wats. Mountains of Colo, and Wyo. — " Colorado " ; exact locality not given. 3. VACCARIA Medic. Cow-herr I. Vaccaria Vaccaria (L.) Britton. (Saponaria Vaccaria L.) In waste places from Ont. to Alaska, Fla. and Calif. — Naturalized from Europe. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Cucharas Valley ; Wahatoya Creek ; Pagosa Springs ; Boulder ; Ft. Collins; Pueblo. Order 25. RANALES. Stamens numerous ; anther-sacs opening by slits. Gynoecium of single or several free carpels. Submerged water plants with minute axillary sessile monoecious flowers ; anthers with horn-like appendages. 53. Cekatophyllaceae. Land plants or rarely water plants with perfect or rarely dioecious flowers ; anthers not with horn-like appendages. 54. Ra.nuncui.ackaic. Gynoecium of several united carpels ; water plants with floating, reniform or orbicular-cordate leaf-blades. 55. Nympiiaeaceae. Stamens definite (in ours 6) ; anther-sacs opening by hinged valves. 56. Berberidaceae. Family 53. CERATOPHYLLACEAE. A Gray. I. CERATOPHYLLUM L. I. Ceratophyllum demersum L. In water from Newf. and Ore. to Fla. and Calif.— Platte River. Family 54. RANUNCULACEAE Juss. Crowfoot Family. Carpels with several ovules ; fruit a follicle or a berry. Flowers regular. Petals inconspicuous or none, not spurred. Fruit follicles ; leaves simple ; flowers solitary. Petals wanting; leaf-blades entire or toothed. i. Caltha. Petals present, small, linear, clawed ; leaf-blades palmately parted and toothed. 2. Trollius. Fruit a berry ; leaves twice or thrice ternately compound ; flowers racemose. 3. Actaea. Petals conspicuous, produced into a spur or at least saccate at the base; leaves ternately compound. 4. Aquilegia. Flowers irregular. Posterior sepal spurred. 5. Delphinium. Posterior sepal hooded, helmet-shaped or boat-shaped. 6. Aconitum. RANUNCULACEAE. 135 Carpels i-ovuled : fruit an achene. Petals wanting ; sepals often petal-like. Sepals imbricated in the bud ; leaves all alternate, or only those subtending the inflorescence opposite. Flowers subtended by opposite or verticillate leaf-like bracts. Styles short, not elongated in fruit. 7- Anemone. Styles much elongated in fruit, plumose. 8. Pulsatilla. Flowers not subtended by opposite or verticillate bracts ; leaves all alternate, ternately compound. i7- Thalictrum. Sepals valvate in the bud ; leaves all opposite. Flowers cymose-paniculate, dioecious or polygamo-dioecious ; stamens and sepals spreading. 9- Clematis. Flowers solitary, perfect. Stamens erect ; sepals thickish, more or less converging ; staminodia wanting. lo. Viorna. Stamens spreading ; sepals thin, spreading from the base ; staminodia often present. ii- Atragene. Petals usually present. Sepals spurred ; small annuals with basal linear leaves : receptacle in fruit elongated-cylindrical. 12. Myosurus. Sepals not spurred ; plant usually bearing cauline as well as basal leaves ; receptacle in fruit spherical, conical or short-cylindric. Achenes transversely wrinkled: petals white. 1,3. Batrachium. Achenes not transversely wrinkled ; petals yellowish at least without. Achenes not ribbed. 14- Ranunculus. Achenes longitudinally ribbed. Achenes compressed ; leaves simple, crenate or lobed. 15. Halerpestes. Achenes terete; leaves compound. 16. Cyrtorhyncha. I. CALTHA L. Marsh-marigold, Meadow-gowan. I. Caltha leptosepala Hook. (C. rottindifolia (Huth) Greene; C. chiono- phila Greene.) Along brooks and belowr the snow from the Canadian Rockies to Colo. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Cameron Pass; Graymont; Beaver Creek; Al- pine Tunnel; Bear Creek Divide; Marshall Pass; Pike's Peak; Red Moim- tain, south of Ouray; Columbine; Grand Mesa; Carson; Gore Pass; Seven Lakes; near fronton; Chambers' Lake; Gray's Peak; Front Range, Larimer Co.; South Cottonwood Gulch, Chaffee Co.; Mt. Harvard; Lake City; Em- pire; Rabbit-Ear Range. Routt Co. 2. TROLLIUS L. Globe-flower. I. Trollius albiflorus (A. Gray) Rydb. {T. laxiis albiflorus Gray) In swamps and along streams from Mont, to Wash., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 900CK 12,000 ft. — Above Beaver Creek ; Leroux Park ; Cameron Pass ; Slide Rock Cation ; Mt. Hesperus, above timber line ; Pagosa Peak ; Grand Mesa ; Gray- mont ; Red Mountain ; Marshall Pass ; Crystal Lake ; headwaters of Clear Creek; Massif de 1' Arapahoe. 3. ACTAEA L. Bane-berry. Filaments whitish; raceme short; pedicels in fruit 1-3 cm. long. Fruit white, ellipsoid, 9-12 mm. long. i. A. eburnea. Fruit red, spherical or nearly so, 5-7 mm. long. 2. A. arguta. Filaments greenish ; raceme elongated ; pedicels very short, even in fruit less than I cm. long; fruit red. 3- A. viridiflora. VM> RANUNCULACEAE. 1. Actaea eburnea Rydb. In ricli woods and canons from Newf. to Alb., Vt. and I'tali. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Maiicos; Ouray; Ragged Mountain, Gun- nison Co. 2. Actaea arguta Nutt. In ricli woods and canons from Mont, to Alaska, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Mountains above Ouray; Wahatoya Canon; Black Canon; Veta Pass; Artists' Glen; near Pike's Peak. 3. Actaea viridiflora Greene. In canons from Colo, to Ariz. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Four-Mile Hill. Routt Co.; hills west of Ouray; Trapper's Lake. 4. AQUILEGIA L. Columbine. Petals merely saccate, not spurred ; terminal leaflet rhombic, acute. 1. A. Eastzi'oodiae. Petals spurred ; all leaflets obtuse. Lamina of the petals longer than the strongly curved spur ; flowers blue ; stem low. 2. A. sa.riiiionti.nta. Lamina of the petals shorter than the slightly curved or straight spur. Spur not over 2 cm. long ; flowers nodding. Sepals and spur red. 3. A. elegaittttla. Whole flower light yellow. 4. A. micrantha. Spur 2-7 cm. long ; flowers in anthesis usually erect. Basal leaves usually twice ternate ; spur 3-4 cm. long ; sepals blue or white. 5. A. coenilea. Basal leaves usually thrice ternate ; spurs 4-7 cm. long ; sepals yellow. Spur 4-5 cm. long ; sepals less than 2 cm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute ; follicles strongly curved outward. 6. A. thalictrifolia. Spur 5-7 cm. long; sepals 2-3 cm. long, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; follicles almost straight. 7. A. chrysantha. 1. Aquilegia Eastwoodiae Rydb. {A. ecalcarata Eastw. ; A. micrantha Mancosana Eastwood; A. Mancosana Cockerel!) In dark cations, Colo. — Johnston Canon, Mesa Verde. 2. Aquilegia saximontana Rydb. {A. hrcvistyla A. Gray; not Hook.) Among rocks, Colo.- — Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. — Cameron Pass; Gray's Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek; Bottomless Pit; Argentine Pass. 3. Aquilegia elegantula Greene. {A. Canadensis A. Gray, in part) On wooded hillsides in Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 7500-11,000 ft. — Rico; Silverton; Marshall Pass; Slide Rock Cation; Mancos; about Ouray; Van Bo.xle's ranch, above Cimarron ; Minturn, Eagle Co. ; Glenwood Springs ; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; mountain near Veta Pass; West Indian Creek; Lake City. 4. Aquilegia micrantha Eastw. In canons of Colo, and Utah.— Johnston Caiion. 5. Aquilegia coerulea James. In woods and on mountain-sides from Mont, to Utah and Colo. — Alt. 6500-12,000 ft. — Vicinity of Como and Como Pass, above tiinber line; west of Rist Cation; Beaver Creek; Pennock's mountain ranch ; Table Rock ; timber line above Graymont ; Baxter's ranch ; Cameron Pass; Trapper's Lake; Horsetooth Gulch; Horsetooth Mountain; Poudre River ; Rist Cation ; Bosworth's ; above Beaver Creek ; forks of Poudre and Big South; Empire; Mt. Hesperus, above timber line; West Spanish Peak ; Bob Creek ; below Gray's Peak ; Middle Park ; mountains near Veta Pass ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; North Cheyenne Canon ; Marshall Pass ; Mt. Ouray; near Teller, North Park; Pike's Peak; Columbine; Dark Cat'ion ; RANUNCULACEAE. 137 North Boulder Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co.; Hahn's Peak. [State Flower of Colorado.] 6. Aquilegia thalictrifolia Rydb. (A. chrysantha Coulter, in part.) In the mountains of Colo, and western Tex.— Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — Alpine Tunnel ; Colorado Springs ; Bear Creek Cafion ; Cafion City ; Grand Canon of the Arkansas. 7. Aquilegia chrysantha A. Gray. In the mountains of N. JNI. and Ariz. It has also been reported from Colo., but no locality given. 5. DELPHINIUM L. Larkspur. Pedicels erect or nearly so. Sepals white, only tinged with blue ; pods over i cm. long, about four times as long as broad ; seeds squamellate. Spur almost three times as long as the upper petals, more or less curved ; seeds 3 mm. long, black, slightly squamellate. i. D. Penardii. Spur scarcely twice as long as the upper petals, almost straight; seeds 1.5-2 mm. long, brown, strongly squamellate. Lobes of the lateral petals divergent ; lower pedicels elongated ; spur mostly erect. 2. D. camporuin. Lobes of the lateral petals not divergent ; lower pedicels not elongated ; spur mostly horizontal. .3. D. albescens. Sepals dark blue ; pod less than i cm. long, only 2-3 times as long as broad ; seed not squamellate, but wing-margined ; stem and leaves glabrous and glaucous. 12. D. elongatuni. Pedicels ascending or spreading. Inflorescence few-flowered, the lower pedicels elongated ; sepals broad, spreading ; leaf-segments narrow. Roots fascicled, thick, but not tuberiform ; stem usually viscid, at least above; blades of the lateral petals about i cm. long. 4. D. bicolor. Roots tuberiform ; stem not viscid ; blades of the lateral petals about 5 mm. long. Flowers dark blue. 5. D. Nelsonii. Flowers light blue. 6. D. dumetorum. Lower pedicels not elongated. Segments of the basal leaves obtuse, mucronate ; flowers light blue. 7. D. scaposnm. Segments of all the leaves acute or acuminate. Plant not at all viscid ; follicles pubescent. Stem grayish strigose throughout. Leaves divided into cuneate, merely cleft segments. 8. D. geraniifoliuiH. Leaves repeatedly divided into linear division. Stem 3-5 dm. high ; bractlets oblong, close under the calyx. q. D. Geyeri. Stem 5-20 dm. high ; bractlets subulate, 2-3 mm. below the calyx. II. D. robusiuin. Stem glabrous and glaucous at least below. Inflorescence dense ; follicles scarcely at all arcuate. Leaves puberulent ; inflorescence stigose. Leaf-divisions broad, cuneate, merely cleft into lanceolate lobes. 10. D. cuculatum. Leaves repeatedly dissected into linear lobes. 11. D. robustum. Leaves glabrous and glaucous ; inflorescence almost glabrous. 12. D. elongatuitt. Inflorescence lax; follicles strongly arcuate. 13. D. rai)iosutn. Plants more or less viscid, at least the pedicels. 138 RANUNCULACEAE. Plant tall, 4-20 dm. hish, not cespitose. Follicles viscid pubescent. Flowers li>;ht blue or yellowish, tinned with blue or purple. 14. D. multifloruvi. Flowers dark blue. 15. D. occidentale. Follicles glabrous. Sepals obtuse. 16. D. reticulatum. Sepals acute or acuminate. i7- D. Barbeyi. Plants about i dm. high, cespitose, viscid pubescent. 18. D. alpestre. 1. Delphinium Penardii Hiith. On dry plains of Colo. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Horsetootli (iulcli; bank of Arkansas River; Poudre flats, north of Ft. Col- lins; Ft. Collins; Dixon Caiion ; near Badito; Wahatoya Creek; Brantly Canon, Las Animas Co. 2. Delphinium camporum Greene. On dry plains from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Plains and foot-hills near Boulder; New Windsor; near Badito; Walsenburg. 3. Delphinium albescens Rydb. In meadows from Ills, to Man., Ind. Terr, and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Ft. Collins. 4. Delphinium bicolor Nutt. Hills and plains from Ass. and Wash, to S. D., Utah and Ore. — Also reported from Colorado ; but doubtful. 5. Delphinium Nelsonii Greene. On hillsides from Alb. to Wash., Neb. and Utah. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co. ; hills west of Soldier Cafion ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Dolores ; Ouray ; Howe's Gulch ; Rist Canon ; Spring Caiion ; Table Rock ; Grand Junction ; Wyoming State line ; Minturn, Eagle Co.; Ft. Collins; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Chicken Creek; Los Pinos ; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron ; foot-hills west of Ft. Col- lins; Mesa Verde; Cerro Summit; Ironton; Apex; near Boulder; Steamboat Springs ; Beaver Creek, Larimer Co. 6. Delphinium dumetorum Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft.^ — Cimarron. 7. Delphinium scaposum Greene. On dry plains from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Mancos. 8. Delphinium geraniifolium Rydb. On hills from Colo, and Ariz. — Colo- rado Springs. 9. Delphinium Geyeri Greene. On the plains from Wyo. to Colo. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Rist Cafion ; Horsetooth Gulch ; hills south of Horsetooth Mountain ; plains near Ft. Collins ; Livennore, Larimer Co. ; New Windsor. 10. Delphinium cuculatum A. Nels. On mountain sides from Mont, and Ida. to Colo.— Alt. about 9000 ft.— Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co. 11. Delphinium robustum Rydb. In mountain meadows from Mont, to N. Isl. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — -Wahatoya Creek ; La Veta ; Colorado Springs ; In- dian Creek Pass; foot-hills, Larimer Co. 12. Delphinium elongatum Rydb. On hills and mountains of Colo. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Elk Cation; Baxter's ranch; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Villa Grove; alpine ridge east of Middle Park; headwaters of Clear Creek. 13. Delphinium ramosum Rydb. In caiions and on mountain sides in Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — Crystal Park ; Williams' Canon ; Artists' Glen ; North Cheyenne Canon ; Idaho Springs. RANUNCULACEAE. 139 14. Delphinium multiflorum Rydb. On mountain sides from Mont, to Wash, and Colo. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — North Park ; Columbine ; divide road to Steamboat Springs ; Wilson, San Miguel Co. 15. Delphinium occidentale S. Wats. {D. qucrcetorum Greene.) On the mountains from Wyo. to Utah and Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Cerro Sum- mit; Berthoud Pass. 16. Delphinium reticulatum (A. Nels.) Rydb. {Delphinium occidentale reticulatuiii A. Nels.) On mountain-sides in Wyo. and Colo. — Mouth of Basin Creek ; Upper La Plata Caiion. 17. Delphinium Barbeyi Huth. (D. scopuloriim subalpiiium A. Gray; D. subalpiiium A. Nels.) In shady places in the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 8000-13,000 ft. — Cameron Pass; Boreas; Gray's Peak; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Buffala Pass; Columbine; near Ironton; Silver Plume; Indian Creek Pass ; near Pagosa Peak ; Upper La Plata Canon ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Hinsdale Co.; Empire; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 18. Delphinium alpestre Rydb. On alpine peaks, among rocks, in Colo.^ Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft. — Mountain northwest of Como; West Spanish Peak. 6. ACONITUM L. Monkhood. Front line of the hood strongly concave, j. e., the beak long, porrect, almost horizontal. Lower sepals at least ^ as long as the lateral ones ; leaf segments rather broad. 1. A. Bakeri. Lower sepals yi-Vj as long as the lateral ones ; leaf segments narrow. 2. A. porrectum. Front line of the hood almost straight, i. e., the beak directed downward. Lateral sepals very oblique ; upper margin semi-reniform. 3. A. columbianum. Lateral sepals moderately oblique ; upper margin slightly, if at all, concave. Flowers blue. 4. A. insigne. Flowers ochroleucous. 5. A. ochroleucuin. 1. Aconitum Bakeri Greene. {A. atrocyaneum Rydb.) In the mountains of Colo., Wyo. and Utah. — Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. — Boreas; Steamboat Springs; gulch west of Bear River; Marshall Pass; Cameron Pass; near Ironton, San Juan Co. 2. Aconitum porrectum Rydb. In the mountains of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Graymont ; Arapahoe Pass ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Coffee Pot Springs ; Columbine ; Pike's Peak ; North Park ; Villa Grove ; La Plata Mountains; Lake City; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 3. Aconitum columbianum Nutt. In meadows and open woods from Mont, to B. C, N. M. and Calif.— Alt. 9000-12,000 ft.— Ruxton Park ; Ruxton Creek ; Pike's Peak ; Ouray ; Hinsdale Co. 4. Aconitum insigne Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 7000-11,000 ft. — Bosworth's ranch; Stove Prairie; Beaver Creek; Alpine Tunnel; Par- lin, Gunnison Co.; Middle Park; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Veta Pass; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Central City ; La Plata Mountains ; near Pagosa Peak ; Eldora to Baltimore; Empire. 5. Aconitum ochroleucum A. Nels. In the mountains of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — Indian Creek Pass; Ruxton Park, Pike's Peak; Eldora to Baltimore. 140 RANUNCULACEAE. 7. ANEMONE L. Anemonk, Wind-flow kk. Achcncs densely villous. Style filiform, usually deciduous ; heads of fruit spherical or nearly so ; involucral leaves short-pctioled. Leaves tcrnate ; divisions broadly cuneate or flahcUiform, crenate or slightly cleft. I. A. paivifJora. Leaves 2-4 times ternate ; segments linear to lanceolate. 2. /I. globosa. Styles subulate, persistent ; heads of fruit cylindrical ; involucral leaves long- petioled. 3. A. cylindrica. Achenes not villous. Flowers cymose ; achenes sparingly hirsute when young, sessile ; style long, straight. 4. A. canadensis. Flowers subumbcllate ; achenes glabrous, stipitate ; style short, curved. 5. A. narcissifiora. 1. Anemone parviflora Michx. On exposed mountain tops from Lab. to Alaska, Ont. and Colo. — Alt. about 10.500 ft. — South Cottonwood Gulch, Chaf- fee Co. 2. Anemone globosa Nutt. (A. multifida Hook., in part; not Poir.) In meadows and on liillsides from S. D. to Mackenzie River and Alaska, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 7000-12,000 ft. — Rist Caiion; gulch east of Stove Prairie; Barnes' Camp ; forks of Poudre and Big South Rivers ; near foot of Rabbit- Ear Range ; near Georgetown ; Campton's ranch ; Carson ; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Placer; Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray; Veta Pass; Crystal Park ; Ruxton Park ; Pagosa Springs ; Central City ; Tennessee Pass ; Grizzly Creek; Mt. Harvard; Grayback mining camps; Little Veta Mountains; Caribou ; Lake City ; Empire ; Eldora to Baltimore. 3. Anemone cylindrica A. Gray. Among bushes and on hillsides from N. B. to B. C, N. J. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Pennock's; Horsetooth Moun- tain ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Dillon Cation, Trinidad ; hills west of Soldier Caiion ; Trinidad ; La Veta ; Wahatoya Creek ; Mancos ; Pagosa Springs ; Piedra. 4. Anemone canadensis L. (A. dichotoma L.) In river valleys and among bushes from Lab. to Alb., Md. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Rist Canon ; Ft. Collins; Table Rock; Poudre Flats; Garland; Sangre de Cristo Creek; New Windsor. 5. Anemone narcissifiora L. In the mountains from Alb. to Alaska and Colo. — Alt. 8000-13,000 ft. — Cameron Pass; Beaver Creek; near Teller, North Park ; Tennessee Pass ; mountains northeast of Boreas ; Mt. Harvard ; Buf- falo Pass; Alpine Tunnel; Soutli Park; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. 8. PULSATILLA Adans. Pasque Flower. I. Pulsatilla hirsutissima (Pursli.) Brilton. (Ancinoitc patens Nuttal- liana A. Gray.) On plains and hills from Ills, to Mackenzie, Alb., Tex. and Wash. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Cameron Pass ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Clear Creek; Hermosa; Manitou ; Crystal Park; about Ouray; mountains near Veta Pass ; South Cheyenne Caiion ; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins ; Horsetooth Gulch; Howe's Gulch; Stove Prairie Hill; Poudre Caiion; Dixon's Caiion; Ojo; Lake City; Pike's Peak; North Boulder Peak; Eldora to Baltimore; Bear Creek Caiion. RANUNCULACEAE. 141 9. CLEMATIS L. Virgin's Bower. I. Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. Among bushes and in canons from N. D. to B. C, Mo. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Log Canon ; Poudre River, near Ft. Collins ; Rist Canon ; Redstone ; Narrows ; Deer Run ; Ft. Collins ; near Ouray; Manitou ; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Piedra; Arkansas Valley; Salida; Durango; plains, Colorado Springs. 10. VIORNA Reichenb. Le.\ther-flower, Vase-vine. Sepals not at all or very slightly dilated above. Divisions of the leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long. i. V. Scottii. Divisions of the leaves linear to lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long. 2. V. Bakeri. Sepals conspicuously dilated at the apex. Sepals acute or short-acuminate ; plant in age glabrate ; divisions of the leaves lanceolate. 3- V- Jonesii. Sepals obtuse or merely acutish ; plant permanently villous ; divisions of the leaves linear. 4- V- eriophora. 1. Vioma Scottii (Porter) Rydb. (Clematis Scottii Porter; C. Douglasii Scottii Coulter) In open woods and on hillsides from S. D. to Wyo. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Vicinity of Dillon Canon; Trinidad; La Veta; Veta Pass; Poverty Ridge, near Cimarron; Grizzly Creek; La Plata River Valley, near Hesperus Post Office ; Caiion City. 2. Vioma Bakeri (Greene) Rydb. {Clematis Bakeri Greene) In moun- tains of Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Los Pinos ; Camp Creek, Larimer Co. 3. Vioma Jonesii (Kuntze) Rydb. (Clematis Douglasii Jonesii Kuntze) On hillsides and in canons from Colo, to Nev. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Howe's Gulch, near Ft. Collins ; vicinity of Ouray; Dolores; Cimarron; Dixon Caiion; foot-hills near Boulder. 4. Viorna eriophora Rydb. (Clematis eriophora Rydb.) In the foot-hills of Colo., Utah and Wyo. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; gulch west of Dixon Caiion ; Howe's Gulch ; Rist Caiion ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Ft. Collins ; Clear Creek ; mesas near Colorado Springs ; mountains near Golden City; Pagosa. II. ATRAGENE L. Bell -rue. Purple Virgin's Bower. Leaves merely ternate. Staminodia usually decidedly spatulate ; leaflets toothed or cleft ; teeth and apex rounded. 3- ^- diversiloba. Staminodia linear or none ; leaflets entire or crenate above the middle, long- acuminate. I. A. occidentalis. Leaves twice or thrice ternate ; staminodia linear or lacking. Secondary leaflets merely toothed or cleft. 2. A. pseudalpina. Secondary leaflets divided to near the base. 4. A. tenmloha. 1. Atragene occidentalis Hornem. (A. Columbiana Nutt.; Clematis verti- cillaris Coult., in part) In mountain woods from Mont, to B. C, Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Howe's Gulch; gulch east of Stove Prairie; Rist Caiion; Baxter's ranch; Ft. Collins; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co. ; Empire ; Camp Creek, Larimer Co. 2. Atragene pseudalpina (Kuntze) Rydb. (Clematis alpina occidentalis A. Gray; not A. occidentalis Hornem.) On hillsides, among bushes and in 142 RANUNCULACEAE. open woods, in Colo, and X. M. — Alt. 7000-10.000 ft. — Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron; Minnehaha; Ojo; hills southeast of La Veta; Veta Pass; Idaho Springs: Mt. Abram. Ouray; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray: Lake City: Cheyenne Canon. 3. Atragene diversiloba Rydb. In mountains of Colo. — Mountains near Denver. 4. Atragene tenuiloba {A. Gray) Britton. (Clematis alf^ina tcnuiloba A. Gray.) In mountain woods from S. D. to Mont., Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-10.000 ft. — Placer: Sheep Caiion ; North Cheyenne Canon; Williams' Caiion, above Manitou ; Colorado Springs ; Pike's Peak. 12. MYOSURUS L. Mouse-tail. Achenes with a flat back, only slightly carinate and tipped with a very short appressed beak. i. M. miuimus. Achenes strongly carinate on the back, tipped with a long subulate ascending beak. 2. M. aristatus. 1. Myosurus minimus L. In muddy places and shallow water from Ont. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. ; also in Europe and northern Africa. — Alt. up to 5000 ft. — Denver (Eastwood) . 2. Myosurus aristatus Bentli. In muddy places from Mont, to Wash.. Colo, and Calif. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Long's Peak. 13. BATRACHIUM S. F. Gray. White Water-crowfoot. Petals 5-7 mm. long, broadly obovate ; stamens many. Segments of the leaves 10-15 mm. long, rather rigid, scarcely collapsing when withdrawn from the water. i. B. trichophyllum. Segments of the leaves 15-30 mm. long, flaccid, collapsing when withdrawn from the water. 2. B. iJaccidum. Petals less than 5 mm. long, oblong-obovate ; stamens 5-12. Stem slender ; leaves not very flaccid. 3- B. Dronetii. Stem filiform ; leaves very flaccid. 4- B. coufervoides. 1. Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix.) Bosh. (Ranunculus aquatilis tricho- phylhis Chaix.) In water from N. S. to B. C, N. C. and Calif.; also in Mex., Europe and Asia. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Near Ouray; Grizzly Creek; Ft. Collins; Sangre de Cristo Creek; New Windsor; Denver. 2. Batrachium flaccidum (Pers.) Rupr. (Ranunculus aquatilis tricliophyl- lus A. Gray, in part) In water from Lab. to Wash., N. C. and Low. Calif. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Ft. Collins; Trail Creek, near junction with North Poudre; Trapper's Lake; below Carson: Upper Laramie River; Boulder. 3. Batrachium Drouetii (F. Schultz) Nym. In water from Vt. to Alaska, R. I. and Low. Calif. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Along L^ncompahgre River, near Ouray; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Piedra. 4. Batrachium confervoides Fries. In water from Man. to Alaska, south to Colo. — In Grand Lake. 14. RANUNCULUS L. Crowfoot, Butter-cup. Leaves linear to oval, entire or merely denticulate or crenate ; none divided or cleft. Flammulae. Some of the leaves at least cleft. Sepals black-hairy. NIV.^LES. Sepals not black-hairy. RANUNCULACEAE. 143 Some of the basal leaves entire. Glaberrimi. None of the leaves entire. Plants neither immersed in the water nor creeping in the mud, if rooting at the nodes, not with palmately lobed or dissected leaves. Achenes turgid, marginless. Petals much exceeding the sepals. Basal leaf-blades not divided to the base. Affines. Basal leaf-blades divided to the base, 2-3 times ternate. Triternati. Petals scarcely exceeding the sepals. Abortivi. Achenes compressed with a distinct margin. Beak of the achenes distinctly hooked. Recurvati. Beak of the achenes straight or nearly so. Repentes. Plants immersed in the water or creeping in the mud ; leaves palmately lobed, divided or dissected. Multifidi. Flammulae. Stem filiform, prostrate, rooting at the nodes. i. R. rcptans. Stem not filiform, erect or ascending, not rooting. Petals distinctly clawed ; beak of the achenes stout. 2. R. unguiculatus. Petals not clawed ; beak of the achenes filiform. 3. R. alismaef alius. N I VALES. Leaf-blades spatulate or elliptic, 2-4-toothed at the apex. 4. R. Macanlcyi. Glaberrimi. Basal leaf-blades elliptic to oval, usually all entire. 5. R. elHpticns. Affixes. Achenes pubescent ; heads oblong to cylindric. Basal leaf-blades or some of them merely crenate ; the rest 3-cleft at the apex with a narrow middle lobe. Petals broadly obovate, about i cm. long ; sepals densely villous. 6. R. cardiophylhis. Petals oblong-obovate, 3-6 mm. long ; sepals not densely villous. Petals 5-6 mm. long ; head of achenes oblong. 7. R. inamoenus. Petals 3-5 mm. long; head of achenes cylindric. 8. R. micropetalus. Basal leaf-blades all digitately or pedately cleft with acute lobes. 9. R. afUnis. Achenes glabrous. Plant glabrous, except the sepals. Lobes of the stem-leaves elliptic, oval or obovate. 10. R. Eschscholtzii. Lobes of the upper stem-leaves linear to oblong. Basal leaf-blades orbicular, seldom reniform, seldom cleft more than half- way down ; heads of fruit decidedly oblong ; stipules semi-circular, about 2 mm. long. 11. R. alpeophilus. Basal leaf-blades decidedly reniform, cleft deeper than half-way down ; heads of achenes spherical or nearlj' so ; stipules of the stem-leaves oval, 3-4 mm. long. 12. R. ochreatus. Plant more or less pubescent. 13. R. ovalis. Triternati. One species. 14. R. adonens. Abortivi. Basal leaf-blades, at least some of them, merely crenate. Achenes pubescent ; heads of achenes cylindric. 8. R. micropetalus. Achenes glabrous ; heads spherical. 144 RANUNCULACEAE. Basal leaf-blades cordate at the base; plant K'abrous. 15. R. abortivus. Basal leaf-blades rarely cordate at the- base ; i)lant hairy. lO. R. iuicraiillius. All the leaf-blades divided or lobed. Lower leaf-blades less deeply lobed, often not more than half down to the base. 17. R. sceleratus. Leaf-blades all divided to near the base. 18. R. eremogenes. Recurvati. Flowers small : petals only 2-5 mm. long. Stem glabrous. 19. R. Douglasii. Stem hairy ; with spreading hairs. Petals 2-3 mm. long. 20. R. Bongardii. Petals 4-5 mm. long. 2\. R. Earlei. Flowers larger; petals 5-10 mm. long; stem appressed-pubescent. 22. R. acriformis. Repe.n'tes. Heads of achenes oblong, about 5 mm. thick. 2Z- R- pennsylvanicus. Heads of achenes globose, about 8 mm. thick. 24. R. Macoiinii. MULTIFIDI. Leaf-blades deeply cordate at the base; primary divisions lobed or dissected. 25. R. Purshii. Leaf-blades truncate or slightly cordate at the base ; primary lobes merely crenate or entire. 26. R. intertextus. 1. Ranunculus reptans L. {R. Flammida rcptans E. Mej-er) On sandy shores from Lab. to Alaska, N. J., Utah and Ore. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Vicinity of Como ; bank of Michigan, North Park ; Trapper's Lake ; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Ward; Gunnison; Parlin; Twin Lakes; Steam- boat Springs. 2. Ranunculus unguiculatus Greene. In wet places in the mountains of Colo.— Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — Grand Mesa ; Buffalo Pass ; near Pagosa Peak ; Deep Creek Lake, Garfield Co. ; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. ; Beaver Creek. 3. Ranunculus alismaefolius Geyer. {R. calthacfolius Greene) In wet places from Wyo. to Nev., Colo., Utah and Ore.— Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. — Deep Creek Lake ; Bear Creek Divide ; Cameron Pass ; Tennessee Pass ; Golden ; Berthoud Pass ; headw'aters of Clear Creek ; alpine ridges east of Middle Park. 4. Ranunculus Macauleyi A. Gray. In wet places, among rocks, on alpine peaks of Colo.— Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. — Red Mountain; Carson; Pagosa Peak; West Spanish Peak; Bear Creek Divide; Hinsdale Co. 5. Ranunculus ellipticus Greene. (R. glaberrimiis Coulter, in part.) In wet places from Mont, to B. C, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 5000-12,000 ft. — Rist. Cafion; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; gulch west of Bellone; Dixon Cafion; foot of Horsetooth Mountain ; Ft. Collins ; Berthoud Pass. 6. Ranunculus cardiophyllus Hook. {R. afHms cardiophyllus A. Gray) In wet meadows and bogs from Sask. to Colo. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Table Rock; gulch east of Stove Prairie; Campton's ranch, 12 miles below Grand Lake; Veta Pass; Twin Lakes; Tennessee Pass; Graham's Peak; divide be- tween Colorado Springs and Denver; Eldora to Baltimore. RANUNCULACEAE. 145 7. Ranunculus inamoenus Greene. In meadows and along streams from Mont, to N. M. and Utah. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Silverton; Boreas; Mancos; Breckenridge ; Bob Creek ; Veta Mountain ; Cucharas River, above La Veta ; Manitou ; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Los Pinos ; West Indian Creek ; Palsgrove Canon ; Grand Mesa ; Caribou ; Berthoud Pass ; Eldora to Baltimore; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. 8. Ranunculus micropetalus (Greene) Rydb. (R. afUnis micropetalus Greene) In wet meadows and along streams from Colo, to Utah and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-11,000 ft. — Rico; Silverton; gulch east of Stove Prairie; Rabbit-Ear Pass ; Chambers' Lake ; Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray ; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Iron Mountain; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; West Spanish Peak. 9. Ranunculus aflSnis R. Br. In alpine bogs and meadows from Sask. to Alaska and Colo. — Alt. 7000-12,000 ft. — Stove Prairie Hill; Boreas; West Indian Creek; Eldora to Baltimore. 10. Ranunculus Eschscholtzii Schlecht. In wet alpine or subarctic localities from W\o. to Alaska, Colo., Nev. and Wash. — Mt. Heseprus, at timber line; Mt. Barrett. 11. Ranunculus alpeophilus A. Nels. In wet places near the snow from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — Boreas; Trapper's Lake; Beaver Creek; Mt. Abram, Ouray ; Alpine Tunnel ; Tennessee Pass ; Caribou ; Berthoud Pass. 12. Ranunculus ocreatus Greene. In wet places on alpine peaks in Colo. — Head of Leroux Creek, Delta Co. ; Mt. Hesperus, at timber line ; Mt. Abram, Ouray. 13. Ranunculus ovalis Raf. (R. rhomboidcus Goldie.) In meadows from Lab. to Athabaska, Que. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-7500 ft. — Stove Prairie Hill ; Table Rock ; Cherry Creek, El Paso Co. 14. Ranunculus adoneus A. Gray. On alpine peaks from Wyo. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. — Mountains about Graymont; above Beaver Creek ; above timber line, West Como Pass ; Berthoud Pass ; Georgetown ; south fork of Cache la Poudre River; Cameron Pass; Ward, Boulder Co.; Spicer, Larimer Co. 15. Ranunculus abortivus L. In woods and wet grounds from Lab. to Sask., Fla. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Rist Canon ; Pennock's mountain ranch; Walton Creek; Victoria; Clear Creek; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta ; Cascade ; Ft. Collins ; Cameron Pass ; Steamboat Springs. 16. Ranunculus micranthus Nutt. In rich woods from Mass. to Sask., Pa. and Colo. — Twin Lakes. 17. Ranunculus sceleratus L. In swamps and ditches from N. B. to Wyo., Fla. and Colo. — -Villa Grove. 18. Ranunculus eremogenes Greene. In swamps and on lake shores from Sask. to Alb., N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Poudre, near La Porte; Ft. Collins ; Montrose ; Placer ; near Boulder ; Gunnison ; Black Canon ; New Windsor ; Arboles ; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta. 19. Ranunculus Douglasii Howell. {R, tenellus Nutt. ; not Viv.) On river banks and wet meadows from Mont, to Alaska, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. about 8500 ft. — Leroux Creek, Delta Co. 10 146 RANUNCULACEAE. 20. Ranunculus Bongardii Greene. (R. ti'iicllus Lyallii A. Gray) Along streams from Mdiit. to Alaska, Colo, and Ore. — Near Wyoming line, North Park. 21. Ranunculus Earlei Greene. Along mountain streams in Colo. — Alt. up to lo.ooo ft. — Gore Pass; Leroux Creek; Hotchkiss, Delta Co.; Mancos; Bob Creek. 22. Ranunculus acriformis A. Gray. Along streams in Wyo. and northern Colo. — -Mt. up to 9000 ft. — 'Laramie River. 23. Ranunculus pennsylvanicus L. f. On river banks from N. S. to Ida., Ga. and Colo. — Alamosa. 24. Ranunculus Macounii Britton. Along streams and in wet places from Ont. to Alb., Iowa and Colo. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Ft. Collins; Bear River; Steamboat Springs; Durango; bank of Michigan, Walden; New Windsor; Gunnison ; Mancos ; Middle Park ; La Veta ; Kremmling ; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta ; Routt Co. ' 25. Ranunculus Purshii Richardson. (/^. »n(//;'^dw.y Coult., in part) In water and on muddy flats from N. S. to Alaska, Ont., Colo, and Ore. — Alt. 4000- 10,000 ft. — Laramie River ; above Beaver Creek ; Ft. Collins ; bank of Michi- gan, at Walden ; Front Range, Larimer Co. ; Wahatoya Creek ; Parlin, Gun- nison Co.; stream 12 miles below Grand Lake; Gunnison. 26. Ranunculus intertextus Greene. {R. hypcrboreus natans Coult. ; not Regel ; R. natans A. Gray ; not Meyer) In water in Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — ^Vicinity of Como ; Graymont ; Georgetown ; Breckenridge ; Cassell's; South Park; Empire City. 15. HALERPESTES Greene. 1. Halerpestes Cymbalaria (Pursh) Greene. {Ranunculus Cymbalaria Pursh; Oxygraphis Cymbalaria Prantl) In wet and especially alkaline soil from Lab. to Alaska, N. J. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Ft. Collins; Pueblo ; Gypsum ; Trail Creek ; Graymont ; Colorado Springs ; Montrose ; Grizzly Creek; Durango; Arboles; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Walsenburg; Parlin ; Ouray ; Palsgrove Caiion. 16. CYRTORRHYNCHA Nutt. Sepals broadly rounded-ovate, not clawed ; petals usually wanting. I. C. neglecta. Sepals spatulate or obovate, clawed ; petals usually present. Leaf segments thick, mostly acute ; panicle corymbiform. 2. C. ranuncuUna. Leaf segments thin, broad ; inflorescence not corymbiform. 3. C. rupestris. 1. Cyrtorrhyncha neglecta Greene. In the inountains of Colo. — Horsetooth Mountain ; Golden City. 2. Cyrtorrhyncha ranunculina Nutt. In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 6000-8000 ft. — Hills west of Soldier Caiion ; Rist Cation ; foot-hills, Ft. Collins ; Howe's Gulch, Larimer Co. ; Spring Caiion ; Horsetooth Mountain ; Dixon Canon; Green Mountain Falls; Ohio Creek. 3. Cyrtorrhyncha rupestris Greene. In the mountains of Colorado. — Black Canon. RANUNCULACEAE. 147 17. THALICTRUM L. Meadow-Rue. Flowers perfect. Plant 2 dm. or less high; achenes turgid; filaments filiform, i. T. alpinum. Plant 3-10 dm. high ; achenes flat and very oblique ; filaments clavate. 2. T. sparsiflorum. Flowers dioecious or polygamous. Achenes turgid, thick-walled ; ribs thick and almost corky, separated by acute grooves. Plants polygamous ; stem-leaves subsessile. Achenes, petioles and lower surface of the leaves decidedly viscid-pubescent. 3. T. dasycarpuni. Achenes, petioles and the lower surface of the leaves glabrous or slightly viscid-puberulent. 4- T. piirpurasccns. Plants dioecious ; stem-leaves petioled. 5. T. venulosum. Achenes more or less flattened, thin-walled ; ribs not thick, separated by wide shallow rounded grooves ; achenes not twice as long as broad, decidedly oblique. 6. T. Fendleri. 1. Thalictrum alpinum L. In alpine and arctic bogs from Greenl. to Alaska, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — Como; Alpine Tunnel; Seven Lakes ; Tennessee Pass ; near Wj'oming line, North Park ; Hamor's Lake, above Durango ; West Indian Creek ; Pike's Peak ; headwaters of Clear Creek ; alpine ridges east of Middle Park. 2. Thalictrum sparsiflorum Turcz. In wet ground from Mont, to Alaska, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 6000-8500 ft. — Happy Hollow ; near Georgetown ; Carle- ton Lake ; Parlin ; Long Gulch, Larimer Co. ; Minnehaha ; headwaters of Clear Creek; Empire. 3. Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Lall. In wet meadows from Ont. to Sask. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Ft. Collins; La Veta; New Windsor; bank of river, Larimer Co.; Wahatoya Creek; Pagosa Springs; Walsenburg. 4. Thalictrum purpurascens L. {T. Cornuti Torr., in part; not L.) In wet meadows from N. S. to Sask., Fla. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Along the Poudre; Ft. Collins and La Porte; plains and foot-hills near Boulder. 5. Thalictrum venulosum Trelease. On hills and in open woods from Man. to B. C. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-12,000 ft. — Dillon Cafion; Cache la Poudre; Gunnison ; Estes Park ; Cumberland Mine, La Plata Mountains. 6. Thalictrum Fendleri Engelm. In the mountains from Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Dillon Caiion, Trinidad ; gulch west of Pennock's ; Livermore ; Steamboat Springs ; Four- Mile Hill, Routt Co.; vicinity of Ouray; Villa Grove; Ute Pass; Dillon; foot of Pike's Peak; Veta Pass; West Indian Creek; North Cheyenne Cafion; Mancos ; Silver Plume ; Idaho Springs ; Arboles ; Pagosa Peak ; Chicken Creek; Bob Creek; Colorado Springs; Turkey Creek; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Eldora to Baltimore. Family 55. NYMPHAEACEAE DC. Water-lily Family. I. NYMPHAEA L. Yellow Water-lily. I. Nymphaea polysepala (Engelm.) Greene. In lakes and slow streams from Mont, to Alaska, Colo, to Calif.— Alt. up to 11,000 ft. — Chambers' Lake; Bierstadt Lake. 148 i',i:Rni:Rii).\ci:Ai:. Family 56. BERBERIDACEAE. Barhkrrv Famii.v. Primary leaves of the shoots reduced to spines ; in their axils short branches with secondary, unifoliatc leaves. i. Bkrberis. Primary leaves of the shoots pinnate ; no spines. 2. Odostkmon. I. BERBERIS L. Barberky. 1. Berberis Fendleri A. Gray. In the mountains of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 6000-7000 ft. — Durango; Manccs; Arbolcs; Mancos Canon. 2. ODOSTEMON Raf. Oregon Grapes. Fruit becoming dry and inflated at maturity; leaflets less than 3 cm. long; shrub 15-36 dm. high. i. O. Freinontii. Fruit fleshy, not inflated at maturity ; leaflets 3-6 cm. long ; shrub prostrate, 1-3 dm. high. 2. O. Aquifolittiu. 1. Odostemon Fremontii (Torr.) Rydb. (Berberis Fremontii Torr.) In the mountains of Colo., Utah, N. M. and Ariz. — Smith Fork Cailon, Delta Co. 2. Odostemon Aquifolium (Pursh) Rydb. {Berberis Aquifoliitm Pursh ; B. rcpens Lindl.) On hills from Mont, and Ida. to N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 4000- 10,000 ft. — Vicinity of Ilorsetooth; Horsctooth Gulch; Rist Canon; Clear Creek Caiion, above Golden; Platte Canon; Ouray; Snake River; hills south- east of La Veta ; East Indian Creek ; Veta Mountain ; caiion of La Plata River ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; about Ouray ; Lake City ; near Boulder. Order 26. PAPAVERALES. Sepals 2 or 3 ; endosperm present. Flowers regular; stamens in ours numerous. 57. Papaveraceae. Flowers irregular ; stamens 6, diadelphous. 58. Fumariaceae. Sepals 4, rarely more ; endosperm wanting. Capsule 2-celled ; stamens 6, tetradynamous, rarely 2 or 4. 59. Brassicaceae. Capsule i-celled; stamens not tetradynamous, 6 or more. 60. Capparidaceae. Family 57. PAPAVERACEAE Juss. Poppy F'amily. Capsule opening by many dentiform lids under the stigma ; placentae ceptiform. I. Papaver. Capsule opening by 4-6 valves at the summit ; placentae nerviform. 2. Argemone. I. PAPAVER L. Poppy. 1. Papaver radicatum Rottb. (P. alpinimi and P. niidicaule A. Gray; not L.) In arctic regions and on alpine mountain tops from Greenl. and Lab. to Alaska and in Colo. ; also in Europe. — Alt. 13,000-14,000 ft. — Gray's Peak. 2. ARGEMONE L. Prickly Poppy. Corolla yellow. i. A. mexicana. Corolla white. Stem unarmed or prickly, but not hispid pubescent. 2. A. intermedia. Stem hispid pubescent as well as spiny ; leaf-blades deeply and usually doubly lobed. 3. A. hispida. PAPAVERACEAE. 149 1. Argemone mexicana L. Introduced from Mexico and sparingly estab- lished from N. J. to Fla. and N. M. It has been reported from Colorado, but doubtful. 2. Argemone intermedia Sweet. (A. platyceras Coult., in part) In sandy soil, on the plains and in the foot-hills, in canons and draws from S. D. to Wyo., Tex. and Mex. — Alt. 4000-7500 ft. — Dixon Cafion ; Spring Cafion ; Trinidad ; Manitou ; Black Caiion ; plains and foot-hills near Boulder ; New Windsor; Ft. Collin.s. 3. Argemone hispida A. Gray. {A. bipiiinatiiida Greene) On sandy soil, on the plains and in the foot-hills, from Wyo. to Utah and N. M.— Alt. 4500- 9000 ft. — Ft. Collins; along Platte River, Denver; Huerfano Valley, near Gardner; Veta Pass; west of New Windsor; foot-hills, Colorado Springs; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Redcliffe. Family 58. FUMARIACEAE. Fumitory Family. Capsule 2-valved, several-seeded. i. Capnoides. Fruit globose, indehiscent, i -seeded. 2. Fumaria. I. CAPNOIDES Adans. Corydalis. Annual or biennial ; corolla yellow. Bracts narrowly lanceolate; pod torulose, pedulous. i. C. aureum. Bracts ovate-lanceolate, ovate or obovate ; pod erect on curved pedicels, not torulose. 2. C. montanum. Perennials with thickened roots ; corolla white or tinged with purple. 3. C. Brandegei. 1. Capnoides aureum (Willd.) Kuntze. (Corydalis aiirca Willd.) Among bushes, in open woods and on hillsides, from N. S. to Alaska, Pa. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Dillon Cafion, Trinidad; above Beaver Creek; Platte River Valley; Stove Prairie Hill; Trail Creek; near Boulder; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Engelmann Cafion; Ouray; Villa Grove; Georgetown; river bank near Ft. Collins; West Indian Creek; Green Moun- tain Falls; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; South Park; Manitou; West Mancos Caiion; Ward, Boulder Co.; Sapinero; Minnehaha; Marshall Pass; Pike's Peak; mountain sides near Empire; Ute Pass; Walden, Larimer Co. 2. Capnoides montanum (Engelm.) Britton. (Corydalis aurea occidentalis A. Gray; Capnoides pachylohum Greene) On river banks and in caiions from S. D. to Utah, Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Trinidad; gulch west of Soldier Canon; Horsetooth Gulch; foot-hills of Larimer Co.; Howe's Gulch; Los Pinos; hills southeast of La Veta; Arboles; near Boulder; Rist Canon ; Spring Canon ; Poudre flats ; Trinidad ; Manitou ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; New Windsor; Upper West Mancos Caiion. 3. Capnoides Brandegei (S. Wats.) Heller. (Corydalis Brandegei S. Wats.) In the mountains of Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 9000-10,000 ft. — ^Leroux Creek; Crystal Creek; Ruby; near Pagosa Peak; Piedra Mountains. 2. FUMARIA L. Fumitory. I. Fumaria officinalis L. Introduced from Europe and established locally from N. S. to Fla., Colo, and Tex. — Ft. Collins. 150 BRASSIACKAH. Family 59. BRASSIACEAE I.ind. Mlstakd Family. I. Pods sessile or short-stii)il.itc- (in two species of TItclypodium) ; sepals erect or coniveiit in anthcsis ; anthers not twisted (except in Thclypodium). A. Pods compressed or flattened contrary to the narrow partition. Pods not didymous ; plants not densely stellate, except in Smcloicskya. Pods orbicular, oval or cuneale, strongly flattened ; plant not stellate. Cells of the pod i -seeded. Pods ovate-cordate, acute at the apex, neither winged nor retuse. I. Cakdakia. Pods orbicular, elliptic or rarely ovate, retuse or notched at the apex, usually winged. 2. I.f.imdium. Cells of the pods 2-seeded. Pods more or less winged ; cotyledons acumbent ; hairs of the plant simple or none. 3- Thlaspi. Pods cuneate, wingless ; cotyledons incumbent ; plants with branched hairs. 4- Bursa. Pods ovate or lanceolate, not strongly flattened ; plant stellate. 5. Smelowskya. Pods more or less didymous ; plants stellate. Seeds solitary in each cell ; pods strongly flattened. 6. Dithyrea. Seeds several in each cell; pods more or less inflated. 7. Physaria. B. Pods neither compressed nor flattened contrary to the partition. I. .A.nthers not sagittate at the base. a. Pods terete or tetragonal. Pods short, scarcely more than twice as long as broad, or less. Cotyledons accumbent ; valves of the pods nerveless. Pubescence stellate ; seeds flat. 8. Lesquerella. Pubescence not stellate; seeds terete. 10. Roripa. Cotyledons incumbent or folded transversely ; valves of the pod i-nerved; pubescence not densely stellate. g. Camelina. Pods long, several times as long as broad. Pods scarcely beaked, merely tipped by a short style or a sessile stigma. Pods terete or nearly so. Seeds in two rows in each cell of the pod. Valves of the pod nerveless ; seeds globose or oblong, turgid ; cotyledons accumbent. 10. Roripa. Valves of the pods i-nerved ; cotyledons at least partly in- cumbent. , Seeds flattened; leaves entire or toothed 11. Turritis. Seeds turgid; leaves pintiatifid. 13. Sophia. Seeds in one row in each cell of the pod. Glabrous perennials with creeping rootstocks. 12. Schoenocrambe. More or less hairy annuals or perennials with tap-roots. Pubescence of simple hairs ; leaves runcinate or entire. 12a. Sisymbrium. Pubescence of forked hairs ; leaves pinnately dissected. 13. Sophia. Pods 4-angled. Stem leaves clasping by a cordate base. 23. Conringia. Stem leaves not clasping. Corolla white. 14. Stenophragma. Corolla yellow. Seeds plump ; leaf-blades entire or toothed. 15. Erysimum. Seeds flat; leaf-blades pinnatifid. 16. Barbarea. Pod with a long distinct beak. Beak flat and sword-like. 17. Sinapis. Beak elongated, conic or 4-angled. 18. Brassica. b. Pod flattened parallel to the broad partition. BRASSIACEAE. 151 Pod orbicular ; valves convex, with flattened margins ; filaments dilated and toothed near the base. 19. Allyssum. Pod oblong, ovate or linear, rarely nearly orbicular ; valves flat, or if convex not with flattened margins ; filaments unappendaged. Valves nerveless. Valves not elastically dehiscent ; seeds in two rows ; pod usually short. 20. Draba. Valves elastically dehiscent ; seeds in one row ; pod long. 21. Cardamine. Valves nerved and reticulate, not elastically dehiscent. Pod short, from orbicular to linear-oblong. 20. Draba. Pods elongated-linear. Cotyledons accumbent. 22. Arabis. Cotyledons incumbent. 23. Conringia. 2. Anthers sagittate at the base. Calyx campanulate, open ; petals ample. Pod flat. 24. Streptanthus. Pod terete or tetragonal. 26. Thelypodium. Calyx urn-shaped, closed ; blades of the petals narrow, undulate-crisp. 25. Euklisia. II. Pod terete long-stipitate ; sepals spreading in anthesis ; anthers curved and spirally twisted. 27. Stanleya. I. CARD ARIA Desv. I. Cardaria Draba (L.) Desv. {Lepidium Draba L.) Introduced from Europe ; in waste places from W\ o. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Palisades ; Grand Junction ; near Boulder. 2. LEPIDIUM L. Pepper-grass. Style evident, at least equalling the wing-margins of the fruit. Nome of the leaves pinnatifid. Blades of the basal leaves truncate and 3-toothed at the apex. I. L. spatulatum. Blades of the basal leaves acute, serrate or crenate. 2. L. crenatum. Basal leaves at least pinnatifid. Segments of the basal leaves short obovate or broadly oblanceolate in outline. 3. L. montanum. Segments of the basal leaves elongated, linear, oblong or lanceolate. Only the lowest leaves pinnatifid ; pod broadly oval ; style scarcely longer than the width of the wing-margin. 4. L. alyssoides. Lower stem-leaves also pinnatifid ; pod narrower, acutish at both ends ; style about twice as long as the wing-margin. Plant low, 3 dm. high or less ; leaves or their lobes narrowly linear. 5. L. Jonesii. Plant tall, 4-8 dm. high ; upper leaves broadly linear or oblong. 6. L. Eastu'oodiae. Style obsolete, at least much shorter than the wing-margin of the fruit, or stigma subsessile. Petals conspicuous, at least equalling the sepals, spatulate or obovate. Blades of the petals broadly obovate, much exceeding the sepals : style short. 7. L. idahoense. Blades of the petals spatulate ; style none. Cotyledons accumbent ; petals broadly spatulate. 8. L. virginicum. Cotyledons incumbent ; petals narrowly spatulate. Stem glabrous or nearly so ; petals well exceeding the sepal. 9. L. medium. Stem glandular puberulent ; petals about equalling the sepal. 10. L. ramosum. 152 RRASSIACKAE. Petals none or minute, scarcely more lli.in half as long as the sepals, linear or linear-spatulafc. Plant branched at the base ; petals often present. Axillary racemes very short and dense, usually shorter than the leaves ; petals more than half as long as the sepals. ii. L. ramosissimum. Axillary racemes at last elongated ; petals very minute or none. 12. L. diver gens. Plant simple below, branched above ; petals none ; racemes elongated. 13. L. densiftorum. 1. Lepidium spathulatum (Robinson) Vascy. (L. scopulorum spathulatum Robinson) In the mountains of Colo.— Between Meeker and Craig; head- waters of Bear Creek. 2. Lepidium crenatum (Greene) Rydb. {Thelypodium crenaliim Greene) In river valleys of Colo, and Utah. — Paonia ; Mancos. 3. Lepidium montanum Nutt. In rnountain valleys and on plains from Wyo. to Wash., Colo, and Ariz.; also in Mex.— Alt. 7000-10,000 ft.— Pitkin; Lake City. 4. Lepidium alyssoides A. Gray. In river valleys from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz.; also in Mc.x.— Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Grand Junction; Conejos River, north of Antonito ; Alamosa. 5. Lepidium Jonesii Rydb. In mountain valleys of Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Palisades; Grand Junction; Spring Canon; Montrose. 6. Lepidium Eastwoodiae Wooton. In river valleys of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Glenwood Springs; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Pueblo Co. 7. Lepidium idahoense Heller. In sandy river valley in Ida. and Colo. — • Alt. up to 7000 ft. — South of Horsetooth Mountain ; Spring Caiion ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. 8. Lepidium virginicum L. In waste places from Que. to Minn., Fla. and Tex. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Along the Conejos River, north of Antonito; Horsetooth Gulch ; near Pagosa Peak. 9. Lepidium medium Greene. In waste places and on sandy soil from Mo. to Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Grand Junction ; gulch west of Pen- nock's; Reno; Larimer Co.; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Lower Boulder Canon. 10. Lepidium ramosum A. Nels. In arid soil from S. D. to Wyo., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Vicinity of Como ; Wolcott, Eagle Co. 11. Lepidium ramosissimum A. Nels. In arid soil from Neb. to Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Pitkin ; plains. Colorado Springs. 12. Lepidium divergens Osterh. In the mountains of Colo. — Tennessee Pass. 13. Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. (L. apctalum Aschers. ; not Willd. ; L. intermedium A. Gray) In waste places and sandy soil from Me. to Alb., DC. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Quimby; Ft. Collins; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; plains, Larimer Co. ; Arboles ; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Dix. 3. THLASPI L. Penny-grass. Pod orbicular in outline, broadly wing-margined and deeply notched at the apex. I. T. arvense. Pods obovate or cuneate in outline, with narrow margins, truncate or slightly notched at the apex. BRASSIACEAE. 153 Pods emarginate ; sinus narrow. Rootstock rather slender ; stem 1-2 dm. high ; petals spatulate, about 5 mm. long. 2. T. Nnttallii. Rootstock stout, densely caespitose ; stems less than i dm. high ; petals broadly obovate, 6-7 mm. long. 3- T. coloradciise. Pods truncate or nearly so at the apex ; sinus broad and open. Stem 2-2 dm. high ; stem-leaves ample, broader than the basal ones ; sepals green. 4- T. glaucum. Stems I dm. high or less ; stem-leaves reduced ; sepals and often also petals purplish. 5. T. ptirptirascens. 1. Thlaspi arvense L. In waste places from Lab. to B. C, N. Y. and Colo. Introduced from Europe. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Quimby; Silverton; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Pass Creek. 2. Thlaspi Nuttallii Rydb. (T. cochleariforme Nutt. ; not DC.) Among rocks in the mountains from Mont, to Wash, and Colo. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Dead Lake; Minturn, Eagle Co.; Bob Creek; banks of Michigan Creek, near Teller; North Park. 3. Thlaspi coloradense Rydb. In wet places, among rocks, on the peaks, in Colo. — Alt. 6000-14,400 ft. — Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Gray's Peak; along Beaver Creek ; above timber line, west of Cameron Pass ; Sierra Blanca ; sum- mit of Pike's Peak; Grand Mesa; west slope of Bald Mountain; Clear Creek; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Seven Lakes; Los Pinos; Tennessee Pass; Cheyenne Mountain ; West Spanish Peak ; South Cheyenne Canon ; Massif de I'Arapahoe; Spicer, Larimer Co. 4. Thlaspi glaucum A. Nels. In mountain valleys and caiions from Ida. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000-13,000 ft. — Spring Canon; Red Mountain; Pike's Peak Valley; Silver Plume; Gray's Peak; Bob Creek; Cameron Pass; Pass Creek ; near fronton, San Juan Co. ; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 5. Thlaspi purpurascens Rydb. Among rocks, on the peaks of Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-14,300 ft. — Gray's Peak ; Cimarron ; Spring Caiion ; Horse- tooth Gulch ; gulch west of Dixon Caiion ; Rist Caiion ; Table Rock ; Front Range, Larimer Co. ; Dixon Cafion ; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Iron Mountain; Eldora to Baltimore. 4. BURSA Weber. Shepherd's Purse. I. Bursa Bursa-pastoris (L.) Britton. In waste places and fields from Lab. to Wash, and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Quimby ; Table Rock ; Ft. Collins ; hills about Box Caiion, west of Ouray; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Mancos. 5. SMELOWSKIA. Segments of basal leaves spatulate. i. 5". americana. Segments of the basal leaves linear or linear-oblong. 2. S. lineariloha. 1. Smelowskia americana Rydb. iS. calycina B. & H. ; not C. A. Mey.) On the higher mountain tops from Mont, to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 10,000- 12,000 ft. — Cumberland Basin, La Plata Mountains; Devil's Causeway; moun- tain northwest of Como ; Ragged Mountain, Gunnison Co. ; Mt. Abram, Ouray. 2. Smelowskia lineariloha Rydb. On alpine peaks of Colo. — Alt. 12,000- 14,000 ft. — Douglass Mountain ; Georgetown ; Silver Plume ; northwest of Como; near fronton, San Juan Co.; Mt. Bartlett, Robinson. 154 BRASS lACKAE. 6. DITHYREA ll.nv. 1. Dithyrea Wislizeni luiRclm. In dry regions from Tex. and Colo, to Utali and Ari^.- -Alt. 4500-6000 ft. — Valley of the San Juan (Brandegce). 7. PHYSARIA A. Gray. Double Bladder-pod. Pods deeply cordate at the base ; lower sinus almost as deep as the upper. I. P. didymocarpa. Pods not cordate at the base or slightly so : lower sinus none or very shallow. Basal leaves or at least some of them more or less fiddle-shaped. Leaves of the decumbent flowering stems reduced ; terminal lobe of the basal leaves rounded or reniform, very obtuse, entire. 2. P. vitiilifera. Leaves of the ascending flowering stems ample ; terminal lobe of the basal leaves rhombic or ovate, obtuse or acute, sinuate. 3. P. floribuuda. Basal leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, acute, not fiddle-shaped, 2-4 cm. long. 4. P. acuti folia. 1. Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) A. Gray. On dry hills from Sask. and Alb. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Blufifs north of La Porte; Ft. Collins; Ruxton; Durango; Mancos. 2. Physaria vitulifera Rydb. In mountain valleys and canons of Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Palisades ; Idaho Springs ; Grand Junction ; headwaters of Clear Creek; alpine ridges east of Middle Park; Bear Creek Canon. 3. Physaria floribunda Rydb. In mountain valleys of Colo. — Alt. 5000- 9000 ft. — Plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Wolcott : Veta Pass; Golden, Jefiferson Co. ; Cimarron ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Clear Creek Canon ; Hotchkiss; Eldora to Baltimore. 4. Physaria acutifolia Rydb. On dry hills in Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 5000- 10,500 ft. — Grand Junction; Ruxton Ridge; North Cheyenne Cafion; Steam- boat Springs. 8. LESQUERELLA S. Wats. Bladder-pod. Ovary and pod stellate-pubescent. Pods ovoid or ellipsoid. Pods distinctly compressed and acute at the apex. Pods 6-8 mm. long ; plant usually over i dm. high. Basal leaf-blades broadly oval ; septum elliptic in outline : style equalling the pod in length. i. L. Shearis. Basal leaf-blades oblanceolate to obovate ; septum ovate in outline ; style much shorter than the pod. 2. L. curvipes. Pods 3-5 mm. long ; plant i dm. or less high. Leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate ; plant pulvinate. 3. L. alpiiia. Leaves narrowly linear ; plant multicipital with a subterranean woody caudex. 4. L. parvitla. Pods not compressed above. Basal leaf-blades rounded or broadly spatulate. Stem-leaves small, generally less than i cm. long, linear-oblanceolate. 5. L. prostrata. Stem-leaves oblanceolate to obovate, 1-2 cm. long. 6. L. montana. Basal leaf-blades linear-oblanceolate. 7. L. arenosa. Pods globose. Stem very slender ; stem-leaves oblanceolate, 1-3 cm. long. 7. L. arenosa. Stem stouter, strict ; stem-leaves linear, 2-6 cm. long. 8. L. argentea. Ovary and pod glabrous, globose. BRASSIACEAE. " 155 Basal leaf-blades oblanceolate. Plant usually over 3 dm. high ; flowers and fruit corymbose. 9. L. Engelnianni. Plant usually less than 3 dm. high ; inflorescence at least in fruit elongated, racemose. 10. L. stenophylla. Basal leaves broadly oval. 11. L. ovalifolia. 1. Lesquerella Shearis Rydb. On plains and foot-hills of Colo. — Alt. 5000- 8000 ft. — Boulder ; Palmer Lake ; Idaho Springs. 2. Lesquerella curvipes A. Nels. On dry hills from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Como. 3. Lesquerella alpina (Nutt.) S. Wats. (Vesicaria alpina Nutt.) Dry Hills from N. D. and Mont, to Colo. — Florence; North Park. 4. Lesquerella parvula Greene. On dry hills in Colo. — Mt. Bross, Middle Park. 5. Lesquerella prostrata A. Nels. In dry places, in the mountains, from Ass. to Colo. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Northern State line ; moimtain near Veta Pass ; between La Veta and Gardner. 6. Lesquerella montana (A. Gray) S. Wats. (Vesicaria montana A. Gray) On hillsides and in the mountains from Wyo. to N. M. — Alt. 5000-11,000 ft. — Larimer Co. ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Palmer Lake ; Fossil Creek ; Ft. Collins ; Rist Caiion, Larimer Co. ; Salida ; Mancos ; Trinidad ; mesas near Colorado Springs ; river bluffs north of La Veta ; Los Pinos ; plains near Denver ; hills southeast of La Veta ; Manitou ; Veta Pass ; South Park. 7. Lesquerella arenosa (Richardson) Rydb. On dry hills from Sask. to S. D. and Colo. — Dolores. 8. Lesquerella argentea (Pursh) MacM. {Vesicaria Ludoviciana DC.) On plains and dry hills from Minn, to N. D., Kans. and Colo. — Wray; north of Craig, Routt Co. ; Clear Creek ; 25 miles below Manitou. 9. Lesquerella Engelmanni (A. Gray) S. Wats. On dry mesas from Kans. and Colo, to Tex. and N. M.— Pueblo. 10. Lesquerella stenophylla (A. Gray) Rydb. (Vesicaria stenophylla A. Gray and V. Fendleri, in part.) On dry mesas from Colo, to Tex. and N. M. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Florence ; Swallow's, between Pueblo and Cafion City; mesas near Pueblo; Brantly Caiion, Las Animas Co.; Pueblo. 11. Lesquerella ovalifolia Rydb. (L. ovata Greene.) On dry mesas and hillsides from Neb. to Colo, and Kans. — Alt. about 1500 m. — Mesas near Pueblo. ID. RORIPA Scop. Water-cress. Aquatics, usually immersed and rooting, with pinnate leaves and white petals. I. R. Nasturtium. Terrestrial or marsh plants with pinnatifid leaves and yellow petals (except in R. trachycarpa. Perennials with rootstocks ; petals much exceeding the sepals. Pods pappillose. Leaves thin ; petals white ; fruit recurved. 2. R. trachycarpa. Leaves thick ; petals yellow ; fruit erect. 3. R. calycina. Pods not papillose. 4. R. sinuata. Annuals or biennials. Pods spherical to oblong-ellipsoid ; in the latter case shorter than the pedicels. Pedicels 4-10 mm. long; pods 3-5 mm. long (rarely 6-7 mm. in R. palustris), 1.5-2 mm. thick. 156 BRASSIACEAE Stem more or less hirsute. 5. R. hisptda. Stem glabrous. Stem tall, 3-8 dm. high ; stigma prominent, 2-Iobed. 6. R. palustris. Stem low, divaricately branched, 1-3 dm. high ; stigma scarcely thicker than the style. 7. R. alpiua. Pedicels 2-5 mm. long ; pods globose. 8. R. sphaerocarpa. Pods oblong to lincar-cylindric, equalling or longer than the short pedicels. Style about i mm. long. Leaves nearly all pinnatifid with obtuse divisions. 9. R. obtusa. Leaves mostly sinuate, or, if pinnatifid, with acute divisions. Pods short, ellipsoid, straight on straight pedicels. 8. R. sphaerocarpa. Pods elongated ovoid, curved on curved pedicels. 10. R. curvipes. Style minute, 5 mm. or less long. Low, slender, less than 2 dm. high ; leaves not auricled at the base. 11. 7?. lyrata. Stouter, over 2 dm. high ; petioles of the stem-leaves auricled at the base. 12. R. Underwoodii. 1. Roripa Nasturtium (L.) Rusby. (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) In slow brooks and streams from N. S. to Wash., Va. and Calif. — Alt. 1200- 28CXD m. — Along Poudre, Ft. Collins; Durango ; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; about Ouray; swamp near Ft. Collins. 2. Roripa trachycarpa (A. Gray) Greene. {Nasturtium trachycarpum A. Gray) On river banks in Colo.— Alt. about 6000 ft. — Walsenburg; "South- western Colorado." 3. Roripa calycina (Engelm.) Rydb. (A^ calycinuni Engelm.) On sandy river bottoms from Mont, to Wash, and N. M. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Ft. Collin?. 4. Roripa sinuata (Nutt.) A. S. Hitchc. (Nasturtium sinuatiim Nutt.) On river banks and in wet ground from Minn, to Wash., Mo. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Ft. Collins ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Gunnison ; New Wind- sor; mesas near Pueblo; Pike's Peak; near Boulder. 5. Roripa hispida (Desv.) Britton. (N. hispidum Desv.) In swamps from N. B. to the Mackenzie and B. C, south to Fla. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Ft. Collins; Cache la Poudre banks; Quimby; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Gunnison; Pass Creek. 6. Roripa palustris (L.) Bess. (N. palustre DC.) In swamps from Lab. to B. C, Ga., N. M. and Nev. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Trapper's Lake; Du- rango; Twin Lakes. 7. Roripa alpina (S. Wats.) Rydb. (A'^. obtusum alpinum S. Wats.) In wet places in the mountains from Mont, and Ida. to Colo, and Utah. — Ft. Collins; Poudre Canon; Steamboat Springs; Fish Creek; Hotchkiss. 8. Roripa sphaerocarpa (A. Gray) Britton. (N. sphaerocarpum A. Gray; A''. obtusum sphaerocarpum S. Wats.) In wet places from Ills, to Wyo., Calif, and Ariz. — North Park, near Wyoming line ; near Ironton, San Juan Co. 9. Roripa obtusa (Nutt.) Britton. On sandy beaches and river banks from Mich, to Wash., Tex. and Utah. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — New Windsor; Mt. Harvard; Massif de I'Arapahoe; Hotchkiss, Delta Co. 10. Roripa curvipes Greene. In wet places in mountain valleys of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Squaw Hill, above Cimarron; Dale Creek, Larimer Co.; Gunnison. BRASSIACEAE. 157 II Roripa lyrata (Nutt.) Greene. (N. lyratiim Nutt.) In sandy wet soil from Mont, to Wash., Colo, and Calif. — New Windsor. 12. Roripa Underwoodii Rydb. In wet places in the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 11,000 ft. — Red Mountain, south of Ouray. II. TURRITIS L. I, Turritis glabra L. (Arabis perfoliata Lam.) In waste places and on sandy soil from Que. and Alb. to Pa., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Middle Park ; Mancos ; near Pagosa Peak ; Almelia ; Hotchkiss ; Platte Canon; Steamboat Springs. 12. SCHOENOCRAMBE Greene. Leaves all linear, entire. Plant decumbent, slender; pods ascending, more or less arcuate; style about i mm. long. i. 5. decnmbens. Plant erect, stouter ; pods erect or nearly so, straight ; style obsolete, 0.5 mm. or less long. 2. 5". linifolia. Some of the lower leaves pinnatifid. 3. ^. pinnata. 1. Schoenocrambe decumbens Rydb. In dry places from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. up to 7000 ft. — Gypsum. 2. Schoenocrambe linifolia (Nutt.) Greene. {Sisymbrium linifolinm Nutt.) In dry places from Mont, to B. C, Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Cimarron ; Arboles ; Grand Junction. 3. Schoenocrambe pinnata Greene. On dry hills from W30. to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Cimarron. 13. SISYMBRIUM L. Hedge Mustard. I. Sisymbrium oflScinale (L.) Scop. In waste places from Newf. to B. C, Fla. and Calif.; naturalized from Europe. — Platte near Denver (Eastzuood). 14. SOPHIA Adans. Herb-sophia, Tansey-mustard. Pedicels ascending or spreading. Pods linear, i mm. wide, somewhat curved ; seeds in one row. Pods 8-15 mm. long; stem simple or with ascending branches. Pods divergent ; segments of the uppermost leaves often entire. 1. 5. leptophylla. Pods ascending ; segments of the leaves all sharply cut-lobed. 2. S. incisa. Pods 5-8 mm. long ; stem diffusely branched. 3. S. purpurascens. Pods more or less clavate, 5-12 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide: seeds usually in two more or less distinct rows. Pods 8-12 mm. long, mostly erect on spreading pedicels. Leaves and stem green, only sparingly stellate. Stem divaricately branched ; branches making with the stem an angle of 45° or more ; pedicels 8-10 mm. long, usually shorter than the pods. 4. 5'. ramosa. Stem simple or with erect or strongly ascending branches. Petals much exceeding the sepals ; terminal segments of the upper leaves usually elongated, linear, entire. 5. 5". Ulipes. Petals not much exceeding the sepals ; terminal segment of the upper leaves not elongated. 6. 5'. intermedia. Leaves and stem cinereous-stellate. 158 BRASSIACEAE. Petals longer than the sepals, ahout j mm. long : upper leaves mostly once pinnate, with elongated broad terminal segments. 7. S. andrenarum. Petals not longer than the sepals, about 1.5 mm. long; upper leaves usually more dissected : terminal segment narrow, not elongated. 8. S. halictorum. Pods s-8 mm. long. Pods acute above, acuminate below ; style obsolete. 9. S. piunata. Pods acuminate at both ends; style evident. 10. S. procera. Pedicels erect. Pods over i mm. thick. Plant green and almost glabrous. 10. 5". procera. Plant cinereous-pubescent. 11. 5". brcvipes. Pods about .75 mm. thick ; plant glandular pulicrulent, especially the inflores- cence, or glabrous. 12. .S". glandulifera. 1. Sophia leptophylla Rydb. In dry places from Wyo. and Ida. to Colo. — Alt. about 6500 ft. — Foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Bosworth's ranch ; Stove Prairie. 2. Sophia incisa (Engelm.) Greene. On hillsides from Wyo. to N. M. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — Walcott ; Chicken Creek ; Idaho Springs ; southeast of La Veta; Mancos; west of Steamboat Springs; Horsetooth Gulch; Cimarron; Glenwood Springs, Garfield Co. 3. Sophia purpurascens Rydb. On mountain sides in Colo. — Alt. about 11,000 ft. — Known only from the type locality: Red Mountain, south of Ouray. 4. Sophia ramosa Rydb. On mountain sides in Colo. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — Known only from Pitkin. 5. Sophia filipes (A. Gray) Heller. On hillsides from N. D. and Wash, to Colo. — Mancos. 6. Sophia intermedia Rydb. On hillsides and prairies and in sandy soil from Mich, and B. C. to Tenn. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Sangre de Cristo Creek ; near Ironton, San Juan Co. ; Buena Vista ; Parlin ; Mancos ; plains near Denver; southeast and north of La Vela. 7. Sophia andrenarum Cockerell. On hillsides and in sandy valleys from Mont, and Wash, to N. M. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Caiion City; Walsenburg; river bluffs north of La Veta ; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta ; Ft. Collins ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Los Pinos ; near Poudre River ; Antonito. 8. Sophia halictorum Cockerell. In sandy valleys from Colo, and Utah to Tex. and N. M. — Alt. up to 6000 ft. — Walsenburg. 9. Sophia pinnata (Walt.) Howell. In sandy soil from Va. and Colo, to Fla. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — Plains near Denver; mesas near Pueblo; Ft. Collins ; Cache la Poudre ; Lamar ; Gypsum ; New Windsor, Weld Co. 10. Sophia procera Greene. In sandy valleys from Wyo. to N. M. and Utah. — Alt. 7500-9000 ft. — Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray ; Box Cation, west of Ouray; near Pagosa Peak; Tennessee Pass. 11. Sophia brevipes (Nutt.) Rydb. {Sisymbrium cancscens brevipes Nutt. ; ^. incismn Hartwcgiantim S. Wats.; (?) 5". Hartzvegianum Fourn.) In sandy valleys, among bushes, from Mackenzie to Minn, and Utah. — Man- cos ; east side Poudre River, above Ft. Collins ; Middle Park. 12. Sophia glandulifera Rydb. In sandy places from Wyo. to N. M. — La Veta. BRASSIACEAE. 1 -59 15. STENOPHRAGMA Celac. I. Stenophragma virgata (Nutt.) Greene. (Sisymbrium virgatum Nutt.) In dry places in Wyo. and Colo. — Exact locality not given {Hall & Harbour) ; McCoy's, Eagle Co. 16. ERYSIMUM L. Petals less than i cm. long. Petals 3-5 mm. long, i- E. clieimuthoides. Petals 8-10 mm. long. 2. E. parviflorum. Petals over i cm. long. Petals light yellow. Plants biennial or short-lived perennials ; not cespitose. Basal leaves, as well as the whole plant, grayish. Pods widely spreading, 5-8 cm. long, stout ; stem-leaves usually sinuate- dentate. 3- -E- aspeniiii. Pods strongly ascending or almost erect, 8-12 cm. long. Claws of the petals one-half longer than the sepals ; stem-leaves broadly oblanceolate, usually sinuate-dentate. 4. E. elatum. Claws of the petals scarcely exceeding the sepals ; stem-leaves entire or nearly so. Stem-leaves linear or nearly so ; pods usually twisted. 5. E. asperrimum. Stem-leaves oblanceolate ; pods straight. 6. E. oblanceolatum. Basal leaves, at least, silvery white ; stem leaves narrowly linear. Plants 2-3 dm. high ; stem-leaves sinuate-dentate. 7. E. Bakeri. Plants 1-2 dm. high; stem-leaves entire. 8. E. argillosiiin. Plants low cespitose perennials. Leaves entire-margined or nearly so. 9- E. nivale. Leaves sinuate-dentate. 10. E. radicatum. Petals varying from orange to dark brown or purple. Plant simple, 3-5 dm. high ; basal leaves 5-10 cm. long, oblanceolate. 11. £. Wheeleri. Plant cespitose. 1-2 dm. high : liasal leaves 2-4 cm. long, spatulate. 12. E. ainoenum. 1. Erysimum cheiranthoides L. In waste places, on river banks and among bushes, from Newf. and Alaska to Tenn. and Utah. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Middle Park; along the Poudre; Ft. Collins; Grizzly Creek; North Park; New Windsor, Weld Co. 2. Erysimum parviflorum Nutt. {E. inconspicuurn (S.Wats.) MacM.) On hillsides from Minn, and Alb. to Colo, and Nev.— Alt. 5000-8000 ft.— Dix Post Office; Mancos; Durango; Ruxton. 3. Erysimum asperum DC. Dry plains and hills, Sask. to Ark. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-9500 ft. — Butte, 5 miles southwest of La Veta ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward. 4. Erysimum elatum Nutt. On hills from N. D.. Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. up to 6000 ft. — Foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Rist Cafion ; Horsetooth Gulch; Quimby; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Horsetooth Gulch; Pike's Peak; Crystal Park; Camp Creek, Larimer Co. 5. Erysimum asperrimum (Greene) Rydb. (Cheiranthus asperrimus Greene) On hills from S. D. and Mont, to N. M. and Ariz.— Alt. 5000- 9000 ft. — Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Minnehaha ; near Pueblo ; Manitou ; Wil- liams' Cafion, above Manitou; Spring Cafion; Table Rock; Trinidad; Dixon Caiion ; Howe's Gulch ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Rist Canon. 160 BRASSIACEAE. 6. Erysimum oblanceolatum Rydb. In the mountains of W'yo. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-11,000 ft. — (loldcn; near La Plata Post Office; Ilamor's Lake, above Durango; Williams' Canon; near Pueblo; Georgetown; Stove Prairie Hill; Cameron Pass; Dixon Canon; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Alpine Tunnel ; Cimarron. 7. Erysimum Bakeri (Giccmk) Rydb. {Chicranthus aridus Greene; C. Balccri Greene) On dry bills in Colo, and N. M. — Golden City. 8. Erysimum argillosum (Greene) Rydb. (C. argillosus Greene) On dry mesas and bluffs of Colo. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Pueblo; plains near Denver; bluffs north of La Porte. 9. Erysimum nivale (Greene) Rydb. (C. nivalis Greene) In the higher mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 11,000-13,000 ft. — Mountains northeast of Boreas ; mountains above Graymont ; mountain northwest of Como ; above Ouray; Carson; Argentine Pass; Mt. Hesperus, above timber line; Slide Rock Canon; West La Plata Mountains. 10. Erysimum radicum Rydb. On the higher peaks of Colo. — Alt. 10,000- 13,000 ft. — Pike's Peak; Bottomless Pit. 11. Erysimum Wheeleri S. Wats. (E. aspcrum alpcstrc Cockerell) On dry hills and plains in the mountains from Colo, and Utah to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-12,000 ft. — Mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; plains and foot-hills near Boulder ; East Indian Creek ; Turkey Creek and tributaries ; Veta Mountain; Ojo; west slope Bald Mountain; Slide Rock Caiion, West La Plata Mountains ; foot-hills near Ft. Collins ; mountains near Veta Pass ; headwaters of Pass Creek ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Howe's Gulch ; Montrose ; Dillon Canon ; Chicago Lakes ; near Boulder. 12. Erysimum amoenum (Greene) Rydb. (Clieiranthtis nivalis amocnus Greene.) On the higher peaks of Colo. — Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft. — La Plata Mountains; Silverton; near Ironton, San Juan Co.; Mt. Abram; mountains near Ouray; Berthoud Pass. 17. BARBAREA L. Winter-cress, Scurvy-grass. Pods sharply 4-angled, stout-pediceled ; leaf-segments 4-8 pairs, i. B. praecox. Pods obtusely 4-angled ; leaf-segments 1-4 pairs. 2. B. americana. 1. Barbarea praecox (J. E. Smith) R. Br. In waste places from N. Y. to Wash., Fla. and Calif.; sparingly introduced from Europe. — Hotchkiss. 2. Barbarea americana Rydb. (B. vulgaris gracilis S. Wats.; not DC.) In rich soil from Sask. and Mont, to Colo, and Nev. — Between Eldora and Baltimore. 18. SINAPIS L. White Mustard. I. Sinapis alba L. Introduced in grain fields and waste places from Me. to B. C. and Calif.— Ft. Collins. 19. BRASSICA L. Wild Mustard, Turnips, Cabbage. Pedicels 1-2 cm. long: plant glabrous. i. B. juncea. Pedicels about 5 mm. long ; plant sparingly hispid. 2. B. arvensis. I. Brassica juncea (L.) Coss. Sparingly introduced from Europe; in waste places from N. H. to Colo., Va. and N. M.— Alt. about 8000 ft.— Hills about Box Canon, west of Ouray. BRASSIACEAE. 161 2, Brassica arvensis (L.) B. S. P. (B. Sinapistnim Boiss.) Introduced from Europe and sometimes a troublesome weed in grain fields from Newf. to Alb. and Colo. — Ft. Collins. 20. ALYSSUM L. I. Alyssum alyssoides (L.) Gouan. {A. calycinum L.) In fields and waste places and on hillsides from N. H. and Iowa to N. J. and Colo. ; intro- duced from Europe. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Boulder. 21. DRABA L. Whitlow-grass. Winter annuals or No. 7 sometimes perennial ; style obsolete. Pods hairy. Flowers white ; leaves all crowded on the lower part of the stem ; racemes short on long naked peduncles. Inflorescence even in fruit corymbiform ; petals minute or none. I. D. micrantha. Inflorescence in fruit elongated ; petals conspicuous. 2. D. coloradensis. Flowers yellow or in age sometimes whitish ; stem more or less leafy throughout. Basal leaves obovate, ovate or oblong ; stem-leaves ample ; pedicels longer than the pods. 3- D. nemorosa. Basal leaves oblanceolate or oblong ; stem-leaves smaller, oblong-lanceolate ; pedicels shorter than the pods. 4. D. montana. Pods glabrous. Stem more or less leafy. Basal leaves obovate; stem-leaves several, broad. 5. D. lutea. Basal leaves oblanceolate ; stem-leaves very few and small. 6. D. nitida. Stem scapiform or with a single leaf ; leaves in basal rosettes. Basal leaves oblanceolate or narrowly spatulate, hirsute. 7. D. crassifolia. Basal leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate, glabrous, except the very sparingly ciliate margins. 8. D. Parryi. Perennials ; style usually evident. Plant scapose or nearly so ; leaves ciliate on the margins. Petals white. 9- D. Hadnizensis. Petals yellow. D. steptocarpa Grayana. Stem leafy. Petals white ; leaves stellate ; plant usually over i dm. high. 10. D. cana. Petals yellow. Plarits glabrous, except the margins of the leaves, which are occasionally ciliate. Leaves linear or narrowly linear-oblanceolate, thin. Leaves much shorter than the flowering stems ; pods lance-linear. 11. D. chrysantha. Leaves almost equalling the flowering stems ; pods ovate. 12. D. graminea. Leaves spatulate or broadly oblanceolate, thick. 13. D. crassa. Plants decidedly hairy, at least on the stem. Pubescence long-hirsute, with simple or slightly branched hairs. 14. D. streptocarpa. Pubescence dense, mostly of branched or stellate hairs. Styles 1.5-2 mm. long; pods glabrous or slightly puberulent. Pubescence rather sparse and minute ; stem-leaves usually sharply toothed. IS- D. spectabilis. 11 1<)2 BRASSIACEAE. Pubescence dense and grayish ; stem-leaves entire-margined or mi- nutely denticulate. 16. D. llelleriana. Style I mm. long ; pod decidedly iiuhcsccnt. Stem erect or nearly so. Leaves thin ; basal ones usually over 2 cm. long ; cauline ovate to lanceolate. Petals 5 mm. or more long ; stem-leaves often dentate. 17. D. lutcola. Petals 3-4 mm. long ; stem-leaves entire-margined. 18. D. aureformis. Leaves thick; basal ones 1-2 cm. long; cauline lanceolate or oblong. 19. D. aurea. Flowering stem decumbent ; leaves finely stellate ; pods twist^ed. 20. D. decumbens. 1. Draba micrantha Nutt. (£>. carolmiana micratitha A. Gray) In arid soil from 111. to Wash., Tex. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Mancos; Denver; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins. 2. Draba coloradensis Rydb. (D. cuncifolia Coult., in part; not Nutt.) On plains and hillsides of Colo. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — Hills west of Soldier Caiion ; Ft. Collins ; Mancos ; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins ; plains near Denver ; near Boulder; New Windsor. 3. Draba nemorosa L. In dry places, often among grass, from Mich, to Mont., B. C, Colo, and Ore. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Georgetown; mountain near Veta Pass; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Rist Caiion; Horsetooth Gulch; Poudre River; west of Soldier Canon; Howe's Gulch; near Chambers' Lake; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Middle Park ; Georgetown. 4. Draba montana S. W'ats. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. up to 2700 ni. — Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray. 5. Draba lutea Gilib. (D. nemorosa leiocarpa. in part) On hillsides from Hudson Bay to Alaska, Mich., Colo, and Ore. — Idaho Springs ; Georgetown ; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. 6. Draba nitida Greene. {D. stenoloha Wats. & Brew.; not Ledeb.) On hillsides from Wyo. to Ore., Colo, and southern Calif. — Alt. 8000-11,000 ft. — Near Teller, North Park; Tennessee Pass; Cameron Pass; mountains east of Cameron Pass ; Grayback mining camps ; Flat Top Mountains ; Marshall Pass; Sargent's; South Park; near Chambers' Lake. 7. Draba crassifolia Graham. On exposed mountain-tops from Greenl. to B. C, Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 10,000-14,000 ft. — Mountains northeast of Boreas; near Ironton, San Juan Co.; vicinity of Como; Leroux Creek, Delta Co.; Sierra Blanca ; Massif de. 1' Arapahoe; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. 8. Draba Parryi Rydb. On alpine peaks of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. 10,000- 13,000 ft. — Foot of Gray's Peak ; Cameron Pass ; Cumberland Basin, La Plata Mountains ; Red Mountain ; Alpine Tunnel. 9. Draba fladnizensis Wulf. In arctic regions and on alpine peaks, on wet rocks, from Lab. and B. C. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. about 13,000 ft. — Gray's Peak trail; Gray's Peak; West Spanish Peaks; Parlin. 10. Draba cana Rydb. (D. incana confusa of Coult. Man.; not Poir.) In the mountains, among rocks, from Lab. and Yukon to Colo. — Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft. — Massif de I'Arapahoe ; northeast of Boreas ; Red Mountain ; Pike's Peak. BRASSIACEAE. 163 11. Draba chrysantha S. Wats. On alpine peaks of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft. — Gray's Peak. 12. Draba graminea Greene. On alpine peaks of Colo. — Alt. about 12.500 ft. — Telluride; Carson. 13. Draba crassa Rydb. On alpine peaks of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 8000- 12,500 ft.— Cumberland Mine, La Plata Mountains. 14. Draba streptocarpa A. Gray. On alpine peaks and rocky places in the higher mountains of Colo. — Alt. 6000-13,000 ft. — Pike's Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek; South Park; Gray's Peak; West Indian Creek; West Spanish Peak ; near Colorado Springs ; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek ; moun- tains near Veta Pass; North Cheyenne Canon; Robinson; northwest of Como; east of Cameron Pass; Pennock's mountain ranch; Beaver Creek; Chambers' Lake ; Crystal Park ; Gentian Ridge ; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park ; Gray's Peak ; South Park ; Empire ; Eldora to Baltimore. Draba streptocarpa Grayana Rydb. Alpine peaks of Colo. — Alt. 12,000- 13.000 ft. — Mountains northwest of Como; Gray's Peak trail. 15. Draba spectabilis Greene. In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — Near Ironton, San Juan Co.; Cumberland Basin and Bob Creek, La Plata Mountains ; Upper La Plata Canon ; Mt. Hesperus ; moun- tains about Ouray; Red Mountain. 16. Draba Helleriana Greene. {D. oxyloha Greene.) In the mountains of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Sargent's; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron; Grayback Mining Camps; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Ojo; Silverton. 17. Draba luteola Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — Cumberland Basin, La Plata Mountains; Idaho Springs; Upper Canon of the La Plata ; near Pagosa Peak ; Eldora to Baltimore. 18. Draba aureiformis Rydb. (D. Bakeri Greene.) In the mountains of Colo, and the Black Hills of S. D. — Alt. 9000-11,000 ft. — Near Graymont; headwaters of Pass Creek; Carson; Palsgrove Canon. 19. Draba aurea Wahl. Among rocks in the higher mountains and in sub- arctic regions from Greenl. to B. C. to Colo, and Ariz.; also in northern Europe. — Alt. 9000-13,000 ft. — Headwaters of Clear Creek; Massif de I'Arapa- hoe ; Battlement Crag, Pike's Peak ; Como ; West Spanish Peak ; near Iron- ton, San Juan Co.; between Bald Mountain and Seven Lakes; Dark Canon; Cripple Creek road; vicinity of Como; Boreas; Silverton; Leroux Creek; Chambers' Lake ; Graymont ; Alpine Tunnel ; Grand Lake ; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Mt. Baldy; Mt. Garfield; Middle Park; Eldora to Baltimore. 20. Draba decumbens Rydb. Alpine peaks of Colo. — Alt. 12,000-13.000 ft. —Gray's Peak. 22. CARDAMINE L. Bitter-cress. Leaves all entire ; blades more or less cordate, dentate. Plant glabrous or nearly so. i. C. cordi folia. Plant, at least the stem, densely pilose ; leaves also hairy. 2. C. infausta. Leaves, at least some of them, pinnate. Petals about 5 mm. long ; leaflets 1-7 ; the terminal much larger, cordate, ovate or reniform, sinuately toothed. 3- C. vallicola. Petals 2-4 mm. long; leaflets 5-15, from linear to obovate. 104 BRASSIACF.Ai:. # Plant perfectly kI'^I'^ous ; beak of the i>oil less than i inm. lonp. 4. C. pcuHsylvanica. Plant more or less hairy, at least on the lower part of the stem or the base of the petioles ; beak of the pod over i mm. long. 5. C. acuminata. 1. Cardamine cordifolia A. Gray. In brooks and on shady banks from Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 7500-11,000 ft. — Rico; Gore Pass; Graymont; Chambers' Lake ; Villa Grove ; moimtains between Sunshine and Ward ; Marsliall Pass; canons and adjoining meadows west of Ouray; Idaho Springs; Clear Creek; Ironton; Tennessee Pass; near Pagosa Peak; on Bob Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Como ; Silver Plume; Gray's Peak; Ojo; Pass Creek ; Caribou ; Eldora to Baltimore ; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. ; Spiccr. 2. Cardamine infausta Greene. (C. cardiophylla Rydb.) In brooks in Colo. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Above Beaver Creek; Tennessee Pass. 3. Cardamine vallicola Greene. In shady wet woods and on river banks in Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Bank of Poudre River, Ft. Collins; Columbine ; Dale Creek. 4. Cardamine pennsylvanica Muhl. On shaded banks from Newf. to Wash., Fla., Kans. and Ore. — Walton Creek ; North Park. 5. Cardamine acuminata Nutt. On shaded banks from Mont, to Alaska, Colo, and Ore.— Alt. about 5000 ft. — Ft. Collins. 23. ARABIS L. Rock-cress. Pods erect or nearly .so. Leaves coarsely hirsute ; the cauline ones cordate or auricled at the base. I. A. ovata. Leaves not coarsely hirsute. Pubescence if any sparse and consisting of 2-forked hairs. Plant perfectly glabrous. 2. A. pluloiiiplia. Lower leaves more or less hairy. Lower leaves narrowly oblanceolate ; cauline narrow and acuminate ; pods about 1.5 mm. wide. 3. A. oxypUylla. I-ower leaves spatulate ; cauline not long-acuminate ; pods about 2 mm. wide. 4. A. commixa. Pubescence of the lower leaves distinctly stellate. Stem over 3 dm. high; basal leaves 3-10 cm. long; petals purple. 5. A. oblaiiceolata. Stem usually less than 3 dm. high; basal leaves 1-2 cm. long; petals white or pinkish. 6. A. Crandalii. Pods spreading or reflexed. Leaves more or less stellate. Leaves finely stellate without coarser simple hairs. Stem 3-5 dm. high, branched; basal leaves oblanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, denticulate. 7. A. Selbyi. Stems 1-4 dm. high, simple ; basal leaves 1-5 cm. long. Plant green, minutely stellate or sometimes glabrate ; basal leaves usu- ally entire. 12. A. lignifera. Plant densely stellate ; basal leaves dentate. Petals about 8 mm. long ; sepals and upper leaves usually glabrous. 13. A. rhodaniha. Petals about 6 mm. long ; sepals stellate ; leaves usually all stellate. 8. A. consangninca. Leaves hispid on the margins as well as stellate. 9. A. Fendleri. Leaves not stellate, perfectly glabrous or with ciliate margins. BRASSIACEAE. 165 Plants not densely cespitose ; stem-leaves lanceolate-sagittate ; basal leaves oblanceolate or spatulate. lo. A. divaricarpa. Plants densely cespitose ; stem-leaves oblong or lance-oblong, indistinctly auricled ; basal leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate. ii. A. oxylobula. 1. Arabis ovata (Pursh) Poir. {A. hirsuta Hook., in part; not L.) In waste places and sandy or rocky soil from N. B. and Alb. to Ga. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Boulder Cafion; Mancos; Ojo; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Pagosa Springs; West Indian Creek; South Park; Chicken Creek, La Plata Mountains; North Cheyenne Caiion; Williams' Canon; butte, 5 miles southwest of La Veta ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Horsetooth Gulch ; gulch south of Boulder ; Spring Caiion ; Moon's ranch ; Dixon Cafion ; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; Rustic; Cache la Poudre; South Park; Colorado Springs; Castle Canon; Cimarron; Lake City; Eldora to Baltimore. 2. Arabis philonipha A. Nelson. On hillsides from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. up to 9500 ft. — Breckenridge ; Villa Grove; mountains between Sunshine and Ward. 3. Arabis oxyphylla Greene. On hillsides and in caiions from Wyo. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 7000-11,500 ft. — Cucharas River, below La Veta; Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Hounold; Cripple Creek road; near Pagosa Peak; near Chambers' Lake; Carson; Cerro Summit; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron; Dark Caiion; Alpine Tunnel; Empire; Camp Creek, and Beaver Creek, Larimer Co. 4. Arabis connexa Greene. In the mountains from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 9000-11,000 ft. — Lake City; near Pagosa Peak; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Eldora to Baltimore. 5. Arabis oblanceolata Rydb. On mountains in Colo. — Alt. about 10,000 ft.— Valley Spur. 6. Arabis Crandalii Robinson. (A. stenoloba Greene) In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Cimarron. 7. Arabis Selbyi Rydb. {A. recondita Greene, in part) On mountains of Colo. — Alt. 7000-9500 ft. — West of Ouray; Glenwood Springs (the last speci- men included by Dr. Greene in A. recondita Greene, but does not agree with the description). 8. Arabis consanguinea Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 7000-9000 ft. — Los Pinos; headwaters of Pass Creek; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron. 9. Arabis Fendleri (S. Wats.) Greene. (A. Hoelboellii Feudleri S. Wats.) In the mountains of Colo, and N. M.— Alt. 7000-10,000 ft.— Georgetown : Como; butte, 5 miles southwest of La Veta; Wahatoya Caiion; river bluffs north of La Veta; hills southeast of La Veta; Mancos. ID. Arabis divaricarpa A. Nels. On dry hills from Ass. to Colo, and Utah. —Alt. 8000-9500 ft. — Mountains between Sunshine and Ward. 11. Arabis oxylobula Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Leadville; Trap- per's Lake ; Glenwood Springs. 12. Arabis lignifera A. Nels. In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Columbine. 13. Arabis rhodantha Greene. In the mountains of Colo, and Utah. — Alt. up to 8000 ft. — Mancos; Ojo. K'C) BRASSIACEAE. 24. CONRINGIA Heist. I. Conringia orientalis (L.) Diim. Introduced from Europe; from Me. and Alb. to Del. and Colo. — Minneliaha. 25. STREPTANTHUS Xutt. I. Streptanthus wyomingensis A. Nels. On dry hills of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Palisades, Mesa Co.; Cimarron; Glenwood Springs, Gar- field Co. 26. EUKLISIA (Nutt.) Rydb. Stem leaves oblong or ovate, with cordate base. Leaves thick; sepals with bristles near the apex. i. E. crassifolia. Leaves thin ; sepals without bristles. 2. E. cordata. Stem leaves linear. 3. E. longirostris. 1. Euklisia crassifolia (Greene) Rydb. {Streptanthus crassifolius Greene) On dry hills from Colo, to Utah, N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Grand Junction ; Cimarron. 2. Euklisia cordata (Nutt.) Rydb. {Streptanthus cordatus Nutt.) On dry hills from Wyo. to Colo, and Utah. — McCoy's, Eagle Co. ; Mesa Verde. 3. Euklisia longirostris (S. Wats.) Rydb. {Arabis and Streptanthus longi- rostris S. Wats.) In valleys from Wyo. to Utah, N. M. and Ariz. — Palisades. 27. THELYPODIUM Endl. Plant glabrous or with simple hairs. Upper leaf-blades auricled at the base. Petals rose-color, purplish or white. Pods 7-10 cm. long. i. T. elegans. Pods 3-5 cm. long. Stem-leaves lanceolate-sagittate ; petals rose or purplish. 2. T. paniculatnm. Stem-leaves ovate-sagittate ; petals white or straw color. 3. T. Bakeri. Petals bright yellow. 4. T. anreum. Upper leaf-blades attenuate at the base. Some of the leaves sinuately toothed or laciniate. Pedicels slender, 6-15 mm. long; upper leaves entire or slightly toothed; pods divergent. 5. 7". Wrightii. Pedicels short and stout, 2-5 mm. long ; most of the leaves laciniate ; pods reflexed. 6. T. utahensis. Leaves all entire or the lower sometimes repand. Inflorescence dense ; stigma truncate ; lower leaf-blades obovate or oblanceolate. Inflorescence very short ; stipes i mm. long ; pod rather stout. 7. T. integrifolium. Inflorescence more elongated; stipes 2-;^ mm. long; pod very slender. 8. T. gracilipes. Inflorescence very slender and lax ; stigmas conical ; leaves all linear. 9. T. linearifolium. Plant pubescent with branched hairs. 10. T. micrantlium. I. Thelypodium elegans M. E. Jones. On adobe plains in Utah and Colo. — Southwestern Colorado. BRASSIACEAE. 167 2. Thelypodium paniculatum A. Nels. (7". sagittatum Endl. ; T. torulosum Heller) On dry hills from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 7000-9500 ft. — On Grizzly Creek; Pearl North Park; Canadian River. 3. Thelypodium Bakeri Greene. On dry hills in Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Cimarron. 4. Thelypodium aureum Eastw. On dry hills in Colo.— Alt. about 5000 ft. — Durango. 5. Thelypodium Wrightii A. Gray. In the mountains of Colo., Utah, N. M. and Ariz. — Durango; Glenwood Springs, Garfield Co. 6. Thelypodium utahense Rydb. In river valleys of Colo, and Utah. — Minturn, Eagle Co. 7. Thelypodium integrifolium (Nutt.) Endl. {T. lilacinum Green.) On plains and in river-valleys from Mont, to Wash., Neb. and Calif. — Alt. 4000- 8000 ft. — Miller's ranch ; Ft. Collins ; Poudre Carion ; Villa Grove ; meadows, Lake John, Middle Park; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Doyle's; Hayden, Routt Co. 8. Thelypodium gracilipes (Robinson) Rydb. In valleys of Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Durango. 9. Thelypodium linearifolium (A. Gray) S. Wats. In river valleys and on hillsides from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 8000-9000 ft. — Sangre de Cristo Creek. 10. Thelypodium micranthum S. Wats. Rocky hills from western Tex. and Colo, to Ariz, and Mex. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Manitou. 28. STANLEYA Nutt. Blades of the petals linear-oblong to elliptic ; flowers bright yellow. Blades of the petals one-third to one-half as long as the claws. Pod decidedly tortuose. i. S. bipinnata. Pod arcuate, not tortuose. 2. S. glaitca. Blades of the petals about as long as the claws. Leaf-blades broadly lanceolate, the lower with short, broad lobes ; blades of the petals oblong: pod ascending. 3- S. integrifolia. Leaf-blades linear-lanceolate, all often entire ; blades of the petals broadly elliptic ; pod recurved. 4- S- arcuata. Blades of the petals rounded oval ; flowers ochroleucous. 5. 5. albescens. 1. Stanleya bipinnata Greene. In dry places of Wyo. and Colo. — North Fork, Larimer Co. 2. Stanleya glauca Rydb. In dry soil from N. D. to Wyo., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Entrance of Soldier Canon to Sulphur Springs ; north of Ft. Collins; Arkansas River; Cedar Hills; Ft. Collins; Florence; Dixon Caiion; Spring Canon; near Badito, between La Veta and Gardner; Mancos; McElmo Caiion; Garden of the Gods; Pueblo; Pike's Peak. 3. Stanleya integrifolia James. {S. pinnatiftda integrifolia Robinson) In dry soil from S. D. to Wyo., Kans. and Colo.— Alt. 4000-7000 ft.— Hochkiss, Delta Co. ; Cimarron. 4. Stanleya arcuata Rydb. In dry soil from Wyo. to Nev., Colo, and Calif. — Grand Junction. 5. Stanleya albescens Jones. On river banks in western Colo, and N. M. — Along Gunnison River, above Delta; Grand Junction. I OS CAPPARIDACEAE. Family 60. CAPPARIDACEAE Lindl. Caper Family. Pods elongated : receptacle with an appendage or gland. Appendage tubular; petals cuneate-flabelliform, laciniate, very unequal. I. Cristatella. Appendage solid ; petals entire, emarginate or 3-toothed, but not laciniate. Stamens 12-24; capsule sessile or short stipitate. 2. Polanisia. Stamens 6 ; capsule long-stipitate. 3. Pf.ritoma. Pods short, broader than long, more or less flattened contrary to the partition ; receptacle without appendage. 4. Cleo.mulla. I. CRISTATELLA Nutt. I. Cristatella Jamesii T. & G. In sandy soil from Neb. and Colo, to Tex. — Sterling, Logan Co. 2. POLANISIA Raf. I. Polanisia trachysperma T. &. G. In sandy soil from Ass. to Tex. and Xev. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Canon City; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Ft. Collins ; Salida ; Howe's Gulch ; Mason's river- front farm ; Rocky Ford ; Soldier Cafion ; Poudre Caiion. 3. PERITOMA DC. Petals yellow. i. P. hit cum. Petals purple, pink or white. Petals 8-12 mm. long, usually 3-toothed. Stamens exserted ; petals usually rose color or purplish. 2. P. sen-ulatum. Stamens included ; petals white, 3. P. inornatum. Petals about 4 mm. long, entire. 4. P. Sonorae. 1. Peritoma luteum (Hook.) Greene. (Clcomc lutca Nutt.) In sandy soil from Wyo. and Wash, to Colo., Ariz, and Ore. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Grand Junction; Cimarron and Squaw Hill; Gunnison Valley, above Delta. 2. Peritoma serrulatum (Pursh) DC. (Clcome scrrnlata Pursh.) In val- leys, especially in light or sandy soil, from Sask. and Ida. to Mo. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Boulder; Colorado Springs; Gunnison; Sapinero; Du- rango; Manitou; along Uncompahgre River, near Ouray; Crow Creek; along Platte River, Denver; Ft. Collins; Poudre flats, north of Ft. Collins; Trini- dad; near Badito, between La Veta and Gardner; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Redstone; Pueblo; Dixon Cafion; Ft. Collins; Cache la Poudre; Walsen- burg; Manitou. 3. Peritoma inornatum Greene. In dry soil in western Colo. — Grand Junction. 4. Peritoma Sonorae (A. Gray) Rydb. {Clcomc Sonorae A. Gray.) In saline soil from Colo, to N. M. and Sonora. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Saguache; San Luis; Alamosa. 4. CLEOMELLA DC. Capsule rhomboidal with more or less distinct conical or horn-like projections; stipe shorter than the pedicels ; style obsolete ; seeds rugulose. I. C. angustifolia. Capsule obscurely rhomboidal, merely gibbous on the back ; stipe equalling the pedicels ; style conspicuous ; seeds smooth and shining. 2. C. oocarpa. CAPPARIDACEAE. 169 1. Cleomella angustifolia Torr. In valley, especially in sandy or alkaline soil, from Neb. and Utah to Tex. — Headwaters of Clear Creek ; Julesburg. 2. Cleomella oocarpa A. Gray. In alkaline plains and desert regions from Colo, to Calif. — Mesa Verde, about Rio Mancos (Brandcgee) . Order 27. ROSALES. Flowers regular or nearly so (actinomorphic). Endosperm present usually copious and fleshy ; stipules mostly wanting. Herbs. Carpels as many as the sepals ; succulent plants. Fam. 61. Crassulaceae. Carpels fewer than the sepals ; plant scarcely succulent. Staminodia wanting; carpels 2 or rarely 3, distinct or only partly united. Fam. 62. Saxifragaceae. Staminodia present ; carpels 3 or 4, wholly united into a i -celled gynoecium. Fam. 63. Parnassiaceae. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite ; fruit a leathery capsule, more or less adnate to the hypan- thium ; stipules wanting. Fam. 64. Hydrangiaceae. Leaves alternate. Fruit thin-walled follicles, free from the hypanthium ; stipules present (Opulaster in) Fam. 66. Rosaceae. Fruit a berry ; hypanthium adnate to and prolonged beyond the ovary. Fam. 65. Grossulariaceae. Endosperm wanting or scant ; stipules mostly present. Carpels several or numerous, or, if solitary, becoming an achene. Carpels distinct, free from the hypanthium ; fruit achenes, follicles or drupelets. Fam. 66. Rosaceae. Carpels united, enclosed by and adnate to the hypanthium ; fruit a pome. Fam. 67. Malaceae. Carpel solitary, not becoming an achene. Ovary 2-ovuled ; fruit a drupe ; leaves simple. Fam. 68. Amygdalaceae. Ovary several-ovuled ; fruit a legume ; leaves pinnately compound. Fam. 69. Mimosaceae. Flowers irregular (mostly zygomorphic). Upper petal enclosed by the lateral ones in the bud ; corolla not papilionaceous. Fam. 70. Cassiaceae. Upper petal enclosing the lateral ones in bud ; corolla papilionaceous. Fam. 71. Fabaceae. Family 61. CRASSULACEAE DC. Orpine Family. Stamens as many as the sepals; minute herbs. i. Tillaeastrum. Stamens twice as manj^ as the sepals ; succulent herbs. Flowers axillary in dense congested racemes ; petals rose-colored. 2. Clementsi.\. Flowers terminal, arranged in one-sided raceme-like branches. Carpels erect ; flowers polygamous or dioecious ; petals in ours purplish. 3. Rhodiola. Carpels spreading ; flowers perfect ; petals in ours yellow. 4. Sedum. I. TILLAEASTRUM Britton. Pigmy-weed. I. Tillaeastrum aquaticum (L.) Britt. {Tillaea aquatica L. ; T. angusti- folia Nutt.) On muddy shores from N. S. and Wash, to Md., La. and Lower Calif. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft.- — Twin Lakes. 17(» CRASSULACEAE. 2. CLEMENTSIA Rose. Red Orpine. I. Clementsia rhodantha (A. Gray) Rose. (Scdum rhodaiiUium A. Gray) In meadows and along streams from Mont, to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 10,000- 13,000 ft. — Gray's Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek; Caribou; Pike's Peak; Gore Pass; Cameron Pass; Pagosa Peak; Villa Grove; Dark Canon; Mar- shall Pass ; near Georgetown ; Twin Lakes ; Chambers' Lake ; Berthoud Pass. 3, RHODIOLA L. Rose-root, Rose-wort. Flowers dioecious ; carpels 3-5 mm. long, abruptly contracted into a short di- vergent or rcflexed beak. i. R. integrifolia. Flowers polygamous ; carpels 6-8 mm. long, gradually tapering into a long ascending beak. 2. R. polygama. 1. Rhodiola integrifolia Raf. (Scdum rhodiola Coult., in part; not DC; Scdiim frigid urn Rydb.) On high alpine peaks from Alb. and Alaska to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 9000-14,000 ft. — Pike's Peak; Mount Garfield; Gray- back mining camps ; West Spanish Peak. 2. Rhodiola polygama (Rydb.) Britt. & Rose. (Scdum polygamuni Rydb.) On alpine peaks of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 9000-13,000 ft. — Engineer Moun- tain ; headwaters of Clear Creek ; Carson ; Basin Creek, La Plata Mountains ; Mount Hesperus ; near Ironton ; Pike's Peak ; Chambers' Lake ; Mt. Lincoln ; West Spanish Peak; South Park; Leroux Park; Estes Park; Bethoud Pass. 4. SEDUM L. Stone-crop, Orpine. I. Sedum stenopetalum Pursh. On dry rocky or gravelly hills from Alb. and B. C. to N. M. and Calif.— Alt. 4000-12,000 ft.— Gray's Peak; Pike's Peak; Clear Creek Canon; Colorado Springs; headwaters of Clear Creek; Cameron Pass ; Larimer Co. ; Hamor's Lake ; Bald Mountain ; Mt. Garfield ; Grayback mining camp; Silver Plume; Morrison; Telluride; Minnehaha; Cimarron; Denver; West Spanish Peak; Ft. Collins; Ironton; Green Moun- tain Falls ; Howe's Gulch ; mountains southeast of Cameron Pass ; forks of Poudre and Big South; gulch west of Pennock's; Horsetooth Gulch; near Narrows; Dixon Caiion; Table Rock; mountains between Sunshine and Ward. Family 62. SAXIFRAGACEAE Dumort. Saxifrage Family. Placentae parietal, sometimes nearly basal. Flowers solitary and axillary to leaf-like bracts, or 2-4 in small corymbs, each subtended by a leaf-like bract. i- Chrysosplenium. Flowers in more or less elongated racemes or panicles. Flower-stalk axial from a slender bulbiferous rootstock ; gynoecium 3-car- pellary. 2. Lithophr.\gma. Flower stalks a lateral shoot from a stout scaly rootstock ; gynoecium 2-car- pellary. Inflorescence racemose. Petals pinnately cleft or pinnatifid. 3- Pectiantia. Petals entire, toothed or 3-cleft above. 4- Ozomelis. Inflorescence paniculate; petals broadened upward. 5. Heuchera. Placentae axial. SAXIFRAGACEAE. 171 Hypanthium well developed and accrescent, at maturity longer than the sepals. Stamens 5 ; sepals imbricated ; petals marcescent. 6. Sullivantia. Stamens 10; petals not marcescent. Petals clawed ; styles partially united ; plants with thick rootstocks. 7. Telesonix. Petals clawless ; styles distinct ; plants with slender rootstocks or with offsets. Plants without caudices, only producing annual flowering stems. ^ 8. Saxifraga. Plants with perennial, very leafy caudices, often with offsets ; the flow- ering stems very different. 9. Muscaria. Hypanthium only slightly developed, unchanged at maturity, or if slightly accrescent flat and plants acaulescent. Plants acaulescent. Corolla essentially regular, the petals about equal in shape and length. 10. Micranthes. Corolla irregular, 3 petals with blades of an ovate or lanceolate type and 2 narrower and longer. 11. Spatularia. Plants caulescent. 12. Leptasea. I. CHRYSOSPLENIUM L. Golden Saxifrage. I. Chrysosplenium tetrandrum Fries. In wet places from Greenl. and Alaska to Alb. and B. C. ; also in Colo, and northern Europe. — Upper Platte (Hall & Harbour). 2. LITHOPHRAGMA Nutt. Hypanthium campanulate, with a rounded base, adnate only to the base of the ovary. Stem-leaves rarely bulbiferous in the axils ; stipules long and narrow ; free por- tion triangular or lanceolate, not fimbriate. i. L. australis. Stem-leaves usually bulbiferous in the axils ; stipules short and broad ; free por- tion round and fimbriate. 2. L. bulbifera. Hypanthium turbinate or obconic, adnate to the lower half of the ovary. 3. L. parviiiora. 1. Lithophragma australis Rydb. In sandy mountain valleys and hillsides from Wyo. and Utah to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-9000 ft. — Platte Caiion ; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron. 2. Lithophragma bulbifera Rydb. (Tellima tenella S. Wats.) On hillsides from the Black Hills of S. D., Mont, and B. C. to Colo, and Calif.— Alt. up to 11,000 ft. — Tennessee Pass. 3. Lithophragma parviflora (Hook.) Nutt. (Tellima parvMora Hook.) In rocky and gravelly places from Alb. to B. C, Colo, and Calif. — Locality not given. 3. PECTIANTHIA Raf. Mitre-wort. I. Pectianthia pentandra (Hook) Rydb. {Mitella pentandra Hook.) In springy places in the woods and along streams, from Alb. and Alaska to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Beaver Creek; Marshall Pass; Red Mountain; Slide Rock Cafion; Empire; Estes Park; Berthoud Pass; Cam- eron Pass; Ruby; Damfino Creek; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park ; Empire ; Caribou ; Golden. 172 SAXIFRAGACEAE. 4. OZOMELIS Raf. Mitke-wort. Petals 3-fid to the miiidle : hypanthiuin with the sepals 3-5 mm. long. I. O. staitropetala. Petals entire or 3-fid only at the apex : hypanthium with the sepals 1.5-3 mm. long. Hypanthium with the sepals 2-3 mm. long ; leaf-blades indistinctly lobed and with shallow crenulations ; petals often entire. 2. O. slciwpctala. Hypanthium with the sepals 1.5-2 mm. long; leaf-blades distinctly lobed and deeply crenate ; petals 3-cleft. 3- O. Parryi. 1. Ozomelis stauropetala (Piper) Rydb. {Mitclla stauropctala Piper; M. triHda Coulter, in part.) In .springy places in the woods from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Ore. — Alt. about 10,000 ft. — Mt. Hesperus. 2. Ozomelis stenopetala (Piper) Rydb. (Mitella stenopetala Piper) In springy places in Utah and Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Mt. Hesperus; Eldora to Baltimore. 3. Ozomelis Parryi (Piper) Rydl). {Mitclla stenopetala Parryi Piper) Mountains of Wyo. and Colo.— Alt. about 9500 ft.— Trapper's Lake. 5. HEUCHERA L. Alum-root. Stamens equalling or exceeding the sepals. Panicle open, not spike-like ; plant tall ; hypanthium very oblique. 1. H. hispida. Panicle contracted, dense, spike-like ; plant low ; hypanthium not very oblique. 2. H. bracteata. Stamens much shorter than the sepals. Hypanthium campanulate, yellowish or pinkish ; sepals almost erect. 3. H. Hallii. Hypanthium saucer-shaped, greenish ; sepals spreading. 4. H. parvifolia. 1. Heuchera hispida Pursh. In woods and on hillsides, Ont. to Ass.. Va. and Colo. — Edgerton. 2. Heuchera bracteata (Torr.) Ser. On rocky ridges in Colo, and northern Wyo. — Alt. 6000-10.000 ft. — Rist Canon; Grand Lake; Georgetown; Andrew's Shetland ranch; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Gray's Peak; North Cheyenne Caiion; Boulder Canon; road between Denver and Idaho City; Horsetooth Mountain; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Eldora to Baltimore; Berthoud Pass; between Denver and Idaho City; Golden; Empire. 3. Heuchera Hallii A. Gray. On rocky ridges in Colo.— Alt. 7000-12,000 ft. — Mt. Garfield ; Cameron's Cone ; Pike's Peak ; Rock Mountain Pass ; George- town; Ruxton; Pike's Peak; Cheyenne Mountain; Bald Mountain; Grand Cafion of the Arkansas; Graymont. 4. Heuchera parvifolia Nutt. On hills from Alb. and Ore. to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-13.000 ft. — Mt. Abram, Ouray; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Cameron Pass; Howe's Gulch; Minnehaha; Marshall Pass; Colorado Springs; Douglass Mountain, Georgetown; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimar- ron: Halfway House; Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Grizzly Creek; near La Veta; Ojo; Cumberland Basin; Upper La Plata Cafion; North Cheyenne Caiion; near Pagosa Peak; Ironton; Wahatoya Caiion ; Veta Pass ; Mt. Princeton ; West Spanish Peak ; Ward, Boulder Co. ; Red Mountain ; Manitou ; Lake City ; Caribou ; Dillon Cafion, Trinidad ; Estes Park; Empire; northeast of Boreas; Spring Canon; Dixon Caiion; Horse- SAXIFRAGACEAE. 173 • tooth Gulch ; Mancos ; Ute Pass ; Golden ; Sangre de Cristo ; Hahn's Peak ; Fish Creek Falls, Routt Co. 6. SULLIVANTIA T. & G. I. SuUivantia Hapemanii (Coult. & Fish.) Coulter. (Boykinia Piirpusi Brandegee.) In rocky places from Wis. and Wyo. to Colo. — Black Canon of the Gunnison. 7. TELESONIX Raf. I. Telesonix Jamesii (T(5rr.) Raf. (Saxifraga Jamesii Torr.) On exposed mountain-tops in Colo.— Alt. 8000-13,000 ft.^Mt. Garfield; Pike's Peak; Min- nehaha. 8. SAXIFRAGA L. S.xxifrage. Flowers normal, none of them represented by clusters of bulblets. i. S. debilis. Flowers below the terminal one replaced by clusters of bulblets. Lobes of the stem-leaves linear to triangular lanceolate ; petals cuneate. 2. S. ceniua. Lobes of the stem-leaves broad and rounded, as broad as long or broader ; petals fiddle-shaped. 3- S. simulata. 1. Saxifraga debilis Engelm. Among wet rocks, on alpine peaks, from Mont, to Colo, and Utah.— Alt. 9000-13,000 ft. — Mt. Hesperus; Sierra Blanca; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Front Range, Larimer Co.; Redcliflfe, Eagle Co.; West Spanish Peak; Gray's Peak; Cameron Pass; Bottomless Pit. near Pike's Peak; Ruby; [Massif de I'Arapahoe; mountains above Beaver Creek. 2. Saxifraga cernua L. Among wet rocks, on alpine peaks, from Greenl. and Alaska to Lab. and Colo; also in Europe. — Alt. about 13,000 ft. — Mt. Abram, Ouray. 3. Saxifraga simulata Small. Among rocks, on the higher peaks, in the Black Hills of S. D. and Colo.— Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft.— West Spanish Peak. 9. MUSCARIA Haw. Leaves of the caudex with entire or slightly 3-toothed blades. i. M. adscendens. Leaves of the caudex with 3-cleft or prominently 3-lobed blades. 2. M. delicatula. 1. Muscaria adscendens (L.) Small. (Saxifraga adscendens L.) Among rocks, on alpine peaks, from Alb. and B. C. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 10.000- 13,000 ft.— Gray's Peak; Deep Creek Lake; West Spanish Peak; Pike's Peak. 2. Muscaria delicatula Small. On alpine peaks from Alb. to Colo, and Utah. — Gray's Peak. 10. MICRANTHES Haw. Filaments subulate or filiform-subulate, or rarely narrowly linear. Cymules wholly or mainly aggregated into a head, or one or two lower ones remote or peduncled ; leaves petioled ; blades rhombic ovate. I. M. rhomboidea. Cymules in narrow pyramidal or corymb-like panicles ; leaves subsessile, oblan- ceolate-oblong. Panicle wide, peduncles of the lower cymules elongated. 2. M. arnoglossa. Panicle narrow ; peduncles permanently very short. 3. M. hrachypus. Filaments clavate or spatulate ; petals spotted. 4- M. arguta. 174 SAXIFRAGACEAE. 1. Micranthes rhomboidea (Greene) Small. (Saxifraga rliomboidea Greene.) Among rocks in the mountains from Mont, and Ida. to Colo. — Alt. 5000-1 J.ooo ft. — Gray's Peak; West Spanish Peak; near Ironton; Grand Mesa; Marshall Pass; Seven Lakes; Black Rock Creek; Pike's Peak; Ft. Collins; Georgetown; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Tennessee Pass; Bear Creek Divide, West La Plata Mountains ; Iron Mountain ; headwaters of Beaver Creek ; gulch west of Dixon Caiion ; Massif de I'Arapahoe ; near Pagosa Peak; Rist Caiion; mountains west of Cameron Pass; Soldier Canon; Boreas; Beaver Creek ; Eldora to Baltimore ; Berthoud Pass ; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. 2. Micranthes arnoglossa (Greene) Small. (Saxifraga anioglossa Greene.) On hills and mountains from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 9000- 12,000 ft. — Mountains of Delta Co.; Marshall Pass; Silver Plume. 3. Micranthes brachypus Small. In the mountains from Colo, to Nev. — Alt. 11.000-12,000 ft. — Half-Moon Creek; Berthoud Pass. 4. Micranthes arguta (D. Don.) Small. (Saxifraga arguta D. Don.; i". dcnudata Nutt. ; i". punctata Hook., in part; not L.) In springy places and along streams from j\Iont. and B. C. to N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Villa Grove ; Mt. Abram, Ouray ; Dark Caiion ; Wyoming line in North Park ; Georgetown ; Middle Park ; Grayback mining camps ; near Pagosa Peak ; Pike's Peak ; Rabbit- Ear Range; headwaters of Clear Creek; Silver Plume; Clear Lake; Berthoud Pass; Upper La Plata Caiion; Cameron Pass; Ruby; headwaters of Pass Creek; Massif de I'Arapahoe; Beaver Creek; Leroux Park, Graymont; Gore Pass ; Anita Peak. II. SPATULARIA Haw. I. Spatularia Vreelandii Small. On the higher peaks of Mont, and Colo. — Mt. Evans. 12. LEPTASEA Haw. Leaf-blades not spine-tipped at the apex, more or less ciliate. Petals suborbicular or oval, 5.5-6.5 mm. long, abruptly narrowed into short claws. I. L. chrysantha. Petals elliptic to oblong, 9-13 mm. long, clawless. 2. L. Hircnhis. Leaf-blades spine-tipped at the apex. Petals white, usually spotted, oblong or oblong-lanceolate or elliptic ; plant ces- pitose, not stoloniferous. 3. L. austromontana. Petals yellow, broadly obovate ; plant with flagelliform stolons. 4. L. iJagellaris. 1. Leptasea chrysantha (A. Gray) Small. (Saxifraga chrysantha A. Gray) On alpine peaks, among rocks, of Colo. — Alt. 11,000-14,000 ft. — Pike's Peak; Mt. Bartlett; Central City; Gray's Peak; mountains of Estes Park; Massif de I'Arapahoe ; Berthoud Pass. 2. Leptasea Hirculus (L.) Small. (Saxifraga Hirculus L.) On the higher mountains, in wet places, from Greenl. and Alaska to Colo, and B. C. ; also in Europe and Asia. — Alt. 9000-11.000 ft.— Beaver Park; Twin Lakes; Caribou. SAXIFRAGACEAE. 175 3. Leptasea austromontana (Wieg.) Small. (Saxifrage bronchiales Torr. ; not L. : 5". austromontana Wieg.) On rocks and stony hills from Alb. and B. C to N. M. and Wash. — Alt. 6000-13,000 ft. — Red Mountain; Ouray; Minnehaha ; Mt. Garfield ; Halfway House, Pike's Peak ; Central City ; West Spanish Peak; Little Veta Mountain; Black Caiion; Upper La Plata Canon; Como ; Silver Plume; near Colorado Springs; Pagosa Peak; El Paso Co.; Georgetown ; near Denver ; Andrew's Shetland ranch ; Caribou ; South Boulder Peak ; Massif de 1' Arapahoe ; Palmer Lake ; headwaters of Clear Creek ; Lake City ; near Empire ; west of Cameron Pass ; Graymont ; Ragged Mountain, Gunnison Co. ; Estes Park ; Cameron Pass ; mountains above Ouray ; Buffalo Pass ; Pennock's mountain ranch ; Devil's Causeway ; Twin Lakes ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Anita Peak. 4. Leptasea flagellaris (Willd.) Small. (Saxifraga flagellaris Willd.) On alpine peaks, among rocks, from Greenl. and Alaska to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 10,000-14,000 ft. — Red Mountain; summit of Pike's Peak; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Cumberland Basin, La Plata Mountains; Mt. Harvard; Pike's Peak; West Spanish Peak; Gray's Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek; Massif de I'Arapahoe. Family 63. PARNASSIACEAE Dumort. Grass-of-Parnassus Family. I. PARNASSIA L. Grass of Parnassus. Petals fimbriate on the sides ; basal leaf-blades reniform. Petals obovate, s-nerved ; staminodial scales with 5-9 lobes ; sepals elliptic. 1. P. iimbriata. Petals oblong, 3-nerved ; staminodial scales 3-s-lobed ; sepals narrowly lanceolate. 2. P. riviilaris. Petals not fimbricate ; basal leaf-blades tapering at the base. 3. P. parviftora. 1. Parnassia fimbriata Banks. On banks of streams and in springy places from Alb. and Alaska to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 9000-11,000 ft.— Twin Lakes; North Park ; Ruby ; Ragged Mountain, Gunnison Co. ; near Pagosa Peak ; Cameron Pass ; Marshall Pass ; Caribou. 2. Parnassia rivularis Osterhout. Along mountain brooks in Colo. — North Park, near Wyoming line. 3. Parnassia parviflora DC. In wet places from Que. and Alaska to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft.— North Park; Gypsum Creek; cafion. Eagle Co.; Pagosa Springs; Wahatoya Creek; Marshall Pass; lola; Parlin; La Veta; Lake John, North Park; Buena Vista; Big Muddy, Gunnison Co. Family 64. HYDRANGEACEAE Dumort. Hydrangea Family. Stamens 15 or more; ovary inferior. i. Philadelphus. Stamens 8-10 ; ovary mostly superior. Hypanthium adnate to the base of the i-celled ovary or incompletely 3-7-celled capsule ; petals 5. 2. Edwinia. Hypanthium adnate for half its length to the 4-celled ovary and capsule ; petals 4. 3. Fendlera. 17f. PARNASSIACEAE. 1. PHILADELPHUS L. Syrixga, Mock Orangeg. Hypanthiuiii 4-5 nini. Ioiik ; sepals acuminate ; leaves much paler beneath ; styles united. i. /'. microphyllus. Hypanthiura about 2 mm. long or in fruit 3-4 mm. long; sepals acute. Styles wholly or nearly wholly united ; stigmas usually oblong. 2. P. occtdeiitalts. Styles with the upper half distinct ; stigmas decidedly clavate. 3. P. minutus. 1. Philadelphus microphyllus A. Gray. Mountains of N. M. and Colo. — Brantly Canon; Canon City (Braiidegec), "Colorado." 2. Philadelphus occidentalis A. Nels. Mountains from Wyo. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Cai'ion City; Glenwood Springs (A. Nelson). 3. Philadelphus minutus Rydb. Canons of Colo.— Alt. 7000 ft. — Black Cation of the Gunnison. 2. EDWINIA Heller. I. Edwinia americana (T. & G.) Heller. {Jamcsia americana T. & G.) On cliffs, mountain sides and in cafions, from Wyo. and Utah to N. M. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Rist Canon ; Minnehaha ; Pike's Peak ; Rock Mountain Pass ; Ward ; West Spanish Peak ; Central City ; Engelmann's Caiion ; North Cheyenne Canon; Green Mountain Falls; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; George- town; Canon City; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Mid- dle Park; Manitou ; Graymont ; Narrows, Moon's ranch; Horsetooth Gulch; Soldier Canon ; Howe's Gulch ; Pennock's mountain ranch ; mountains be- tween Sunshine and Ward ; Eldora to Baltimore. 3. FENDLERA Engelm. & Gray. I. Fendlera rupicola Engelm. & Gray. On hills from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. ; also in Alex. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Durango ; Mancos ; Cerro Summit ; Los Pinos; Hotchkiss, Delta Co.; Dolores. Family 65. GROSSULARIACEAE. Gooseberry Family. I. RIBES L. GoosE-BERRv, Currant. Leaves plicate in vernation. Stems usually with subaxillary spines. Racemes 1-4-flowered ; hypanthium campanulate to tubular. Calyx and tube of hypanthium externally glabrous or the former with a few scattered hairs. Peduncles and bracts more or less glandular or pubescent ; leaves finely puberulent. i. R. Purpusi. Peduncles and bracts glabrous or the latter ciliate ; leaf-blades cordate at the base, in age glabrose and shining. 2. R. vallicola. Calyx and hypanthium pubescent. 3. R. leptanthuni. Racemes several-flowered ; hypanthium saucer-shaped. Leaves densely pubescent ; fruit red. 4. R. lentuni. Leaves glabrate ; fruit black. 5. R. parvuluvx. Stem unarmed ; raceme many-flowered. GROSSULARIACEAE. 177 Hypanthivim campanulate. Berry glandular-bristly. Leaves glabrous ; fruit spherical. Tube of the hypanthium saucer-shaped ; bracts minute, lanceolate to linear ; fruit without a bloom. 6. R. coloradense. Tube of the hypanthium campanulate ; fruit black with a bloom ; bracts conspicuous oblong, spatulate or obovate. 7. R. WolEi. Leaves pubescent and often very glandular ; fruit ovoid ; tube of hypan- thium deeply campanulate. 8. R. viscosissimum. Berry glabrous ; tube of the hypanthium deeply campanulate ; fruit black ; bracts persistent. 9- •^- ftoridum. Hypanthium tubular. Petioles and veins of the leaves with stalked glands. 10. R. putnilum. Petioles and veins with sessile glands or glandless. 11. R. inebrians. Leaves convolute in bud, stem unarmed ; hypanthium tubular. 12. R. longifolium. 1. Ribes Purpusi Koehne. In the mountains from Wyo. to N. M. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Ojo; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins; Sierra Blanca; near Steamboat Springs; West Indian Creek; Villa Grove; Grand Lake; Dillon; mountains betv^^een Sunshine and Ward; Soldier Cafion ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Rist Canon ; Dixon Caiion ; Cheyenne Cafion. 2. Ribes valicola Greene. {R. saxosum Coville ; not Hook; R. oxycan- thoides of Coulter's Man.) In the mountains from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Calif.— Alt. 8000-9000 ft. — Upper Cafion of the West Mancos ; Los Pinos ; Cerro Summit ; Steamboat Springs. 3. Ribes leptanthum A. Gray. In the mountains from Mont, to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Bob Creek, West La Plata Mountains ; Ute Pass ; foot-hills. Sierra Blanca ; Buena Vista ; North Cheyenne Caiion ; Crystal Lake ; Manitou ; South Cheyenne Canon ; Cafion City ; Poncha Pass ; Garden of the Gods ; Mancos. 4. Ribes lentum (Jones) Coville & Rose. (R. lacustre molle A. Gray.) In the mountains from Wyo. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Mount Ouray; Windy Point; Lake City; Veta; Georgetown; Cameron Pass; Canon of the Cache la Poudre; near La Plata Post Office; Bob Creek; Pagosa Peak ; West Indian Creek ; Wahatoya Caiion ; near Empire ; Seven Lakes ; four miles west of Cameron Pass ; Telluride ; Grand Mesa ; Cotton- wood Lake; Jack Brook; mountains near Seven Lakes; Pike's Peak; Hahn's Peak; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park ; Empire ; near Buffalo Pass, Park Range ; Eldora to Baltimore ; Berthoud Pass ; Graymont. 5. Ribes parvulum (A. Gray) Rydb. (R. lacustre parvulum A. Gray.) In the mountains from Alb. and Yukon to Colo, and Utah.- — Alt. 7000-12,000 ft. — Black Caiion; Ouray; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Berthoud Pass; Silverton; Big Creek; Anita Peak; Pinkham Creek. 6. Ribes coloradense Coville. In the mountains from Colo, to N. M. — Alt. 9000-11,000 ft. — Silverton; Marshall Pass; Slide Rock Canon; near Pagosa Peak; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Silver Plume; Telluride; Twin Lakes ; Berthoud Pass ; Cameron Pass ; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. 12 ITS GROSSIILARIACEAE. 7. Ribes Wolfii Rotlirock. (R. monollonicum Greene) In woods from Colo, and Utali to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 7500-12,000 ft.— Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron; Redcliffe. Eagle Co.; canons near Ouray; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Box Canon; Bear Creek Divide; Wahatoya Canon; Hinsdale Co.; Buffalo Pass. Park Range; Leroux. 8. Ribes viscosissimura Pursh. On wooded hillsides from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — .Steamboat Springs, Routt Co. 9. Ribes floridum L'ller. In wet woods from N. S. and Mont, to Va. and Colo. — Notch Moimtain. 10. Ribes pumilum Nutt. (/v. cercum Coulter, in part.) On dry hills from Mont, to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-10,0000 ft. — Foot-hills west of Ft. Col- lins; Larimer Co.; Ute Pass, Walsenburg; Colorado Springs; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; near Boulder; Horsetooth Gulch; La Porte; Rist Cafion ; Howe's Gulch; Soldier Canon; Stove Prairie; Trinidad; L'lc Pass; Beaver Creek. 11. Ribes inebrians Lindl. {R. cereum Coulter, in part.) On hills from Mont, to N. M. and Utah. — Alt. 5000-11,000 ft. — Ouray; Buena Vista; Cerro Summit; hills about Box Cafion, west of Ouray; Bob Creek, West La Plata Mountains ; West Mancos Canon ; mesas near Colorado Springs ; Minturn ; Lake City; Pike's Peak trail. 12. Ribes longifolium Nutt. {R. aurciim T. & G., mainly; not Pursh.) On the plains and in the foot-hills from S. D. and Wyo. to Kans. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Ft. Collins; near Denver; Steamboat Springs; West Soldier Cafion; Horsetooth Gulch; Manitou; Boulder; Villa Grove; Rocky Mountains. Family 66. ROSACEAE Juss. Rose Family. Hypanthium neither fleshy nor prickly nor strongly constricted at the throat, if at all inclosing the fruit merely loosely investing it. Carpels few, becoming 2-4-seeded follicles, more or less united at the base and opening along both sutures ; shrubs with palmately veined leaves. 1. Opulaster. Carpels usually many, rarely few, becoming i -seeded (rarely 2-seeded) achenes or drupelets. Carpels becoming more or less fleshy drupelets. Styles club-shaped ; stigmas 2-lobed ; receptacle flat ; unarmed shrubs with shreddy bark and digitately veined, maple-like leaves. Drupelets capped by hard hairy cushions ; style glabrous ; erect shrubs. 2. RUBACER. Drupelets without cushions ; styles hairy ; prostrate or reclining shrubs. 3. Oreobatus. Styles filiform, glabrous ; stigmas capitate : receptacle hemispherical, conical or nipple-shaped; drupelets without cushions; leaves in our species pin- nate and stem prickly. 4. Rubus. Carpels dry achenes. Style articulated to the ovary and deciduous. Style terminal or nearly so ; ovules pendulous and anatropous. Stamens inserted very near the base of the receptacle on a more or less evident annular thickening. 5. Potentilla. Stamens separated from the receptacle by a wide open space ; no indica- tion of an annular thickening. 6. Horkelia. Style lateral or basal ; ovules not pendulous. ROSACEAE. 179 Style lateral ; ovules ascending and amphitropous. Achenes glabrous ; herbs. Achenes numerous ; stamens about 20. Receptacle neither enlarged in fruit nor becoming pulpy ; leaves interruptedly pinnate ; petals yellow. 7. Argentina. Receptacle much enlarged in fruit and becoming red and pulpy ; leaves trifoliate ; petals white or pinkish. 8. Fragaria. Achenes 10-15; stamens 5; leaves trifoliate; petals yellowish. 9. SiBBALDIA. Achenes hairy; shrubs with pinnate leaves. 10. Dasiphora. Styles nearly basal ; ovules ascending or erect, orthotropous. Stamens 5; pistils S-io ; bractlets wanting; leaves twice ternate. 11. Chamaerhodos. Stamens and pistils numerous ; bractlets present ; leaves pinnate. 12. Drymocallis. Style not articulated to the ovary, persistent, at least the lower portion. Style geniculated above, the upper hairy portion deciduous ; herbs. 13. Geum. Style not geniculated above, wholly persistent. Petals normally 5 or none. Herbs with woody rootstocks and pinnate leaves ; bractlets present ; carpels numerous. 14. Sieversia. Shrubs or trees. Bractlets present : carpels numerous with plumose styles. 15. Fallugia. Bractlets wanting ; carpels solitary or few. Hypanthium saucer-shaped or hemispherical ; carpels 5 ; flowers panicled. 16. Holodiscus. Hypanthium funnel-form or tubular ; carpels solitary ; flowers solitary. Petals 5 ; style not elongated in fruit ; calyx persistent ; leaves 3-cleft. 17. KuNziA. Petals wanting ; style elongated and plumose in fruit ; calyx deciduous from the hypanthium ; leaves toothed. 18. Cercocarpus. Petals 8-9 ; dwarf matted undershrubs with solitary flowers and simple, in ours crenate leaves. 19. Dryas. Hypanthium constricted at the throat, wholly enclosing the achenes. Hypanthium dry, turbinate ; upper portions armed with hooked prickles ; herbs ; carpels few; flowers racemose. 20. Agrimonia. Hypanthium in fruit becoming fleshy ; carpels numerous ; shrubs with large flowers solitary or in small corymbs. 21. Rosa. I. OPULASTER Medic. Nine-bark. Carpels 3-5, united only at the base. i. O. interme'diiis. Carpels 2, united at least half their length. Bracts obovate or spatulate, often foliaceous and more persistent. 2. O. Ramaleyi. Bracts linear or linear-oblanceolate, membranous and caducous. Pedicels and hypanthium almost glabrous. 3- O. glabratus. Pedicels, hypanthium and sepals decidedly stellate. 4. O. monogynus. 1. Opulaster intermedius Rydb. {Physocarpus opiilifolius Coulter, in part.) On river banks and hillsides from 111. and S. D. to Mo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Pike's Peak; North Cheyenne Caiion; Colorado Springs; Lower Boulder Cafion. 2. Opulaster Ramaleyi Aven Nelson. (O. bract eatus Rydb.) In the foot- hills of Colo. — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Newr Windsor; Buckthorn Creek, Larimer Co.; Cheyenne Cafion; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins. ISO ROSACEAE. 3. Opulaster glabratus Rydb. Along streams in the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 5000-11.000 ft. — West Spanish Peak; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Rist Canon; North Poudre; Boulder. 3. Opulaster monogynus (Torr.) Kuntze. (Pliysocarpus Torreyi Max.) On the mountain tops from S. D. and Wyo. to N. M. and Nev. — Alt. 6000- 9000 ft. — Denver; Cheyenne Canon; Colorado Springs; Flouissant; Upper Bear Creek ; Pike's Peak ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Glen Eyrie ; Livermore, Larimer Co.; Idaho Springs; Cascade Canon; Engelmann Canon; near Georgetown; Minnehaha; Black Canon; headwaters of Pass Creek; Stove Prairie Hill; North Poudre; Table Rock; Pennock's mountain ranch; Howe's Gulch ; Rist Canon ; Baxter's ranch. 2. RUBACER Rydb. Flowering Raspberry, Salmon-berry. I. Rubacer parviflorus (Nutt.) Rydb. (Rubiis Nutkanus Mo<;.) On wooded hillsides from Ont. and Alaska to N. M. and Calif. ; also in Hex. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — Four-Mile Hill; La Plata Canon; Steamboat Springs; RedclifTe; Eagle Cliff; Box Canon, west of Ouray; Ouray; near Pagosa Peak ; Fish Creek ; Rico ; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. 3. OREOBATUS Rydb. I. Oreobatus deliciosus (James) Rydb. (Rubus deliciosus James) On the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Pike's Peak ; Manitou ; head- waters of Clear Creek ; Apex ; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins ; Colorado Springs ; Cheyenne Canon ; near Manitou ; Cheyenne Mountain ; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Georgetown; Bear Canon; Ute Pass; Rist Canon; Howe's Gulch; Palmer Lake; Spring Canon; Dixon Cafion; Stove Prairie Hill ; Horsetooth Gulch ; gulch south of Boulder ; Engelmann Canon. 4. RUBUS L. Raspberry, Blackberry, Bramble. Stems, pedicels and petioles glandular bristly, not prickly ; fruit red. 1. 7?. strigosiis. Steins, pedicels and petioles more or less prickly, not bristly ; fruit black. 2. R. occidentalis. 1. Rubus strigosus Michx. On hills and in rocky woods from Lab. and Mackenzie to N. J. and Neb. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Minnehaha; Box Cafion, west of Ouray; Ouray; Manitou; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Cheyenne Canon ; Chambers' Lake ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Upper West Mancos Canon; Campion's ranch; Cache la Poudre; Fish Creek Falls, Routt Co. 2. Rubus occidentalis L. In open woods and among bushes from Que. and Minn, to Ga. and Colo. — Locality not given, perhaps doubtful. 5. POTENTILLA L. Five-finger, Cinquefoil. Flowers many in very leafy cymes ; annuals or biennials or short-lived perennials ; style fusiform. I. Supinae. Flowers cymose, but cymes not very leafy, generally rather few-flowered ; peren- nials with a strongly developed rootstock. II. CONCINNAE, III. AUREAE. IV. Graciles. V. SUBJUGAE. VI. Niveae. VII. Multifidae. /III. RUBRICAULES. III. Aureae. ROSACEAE. 181 Leaves mainly digitate, rarely pinnate with approximate leaflets or with a pair of small leaflets on the petioles. Leaves or at least the basal ones 5-9-foliolate. Additional smaller leaflets on the petioles not present. Plants less than 2 dm. high. Leaves tomentose at least beneath. Leaves not tomentose. Plants more than 2 dm. high. Additional smaller leaflets on the petioles present. Leaves 3-foliolate, tomentose beneath. Leaves manifestly pinnate. Style not longer than the mature achenes, thickened or glandular below ; leaves more or less tomentose, but not necessarily white beneath. Style much longer than the mature achenes. filiform. Leaflets approximate, 3-7. Leaves tomentose beneath. Leaves not at all tomentose. Leaflets rather distant 7-21. Leaves green on both sides and only slightly hairy. IX. MULTIJUGAE. Leaves grayish or whitish, silky or tomentose. X. Leucophyllae. I. SUPIXAE. Achenes with a corky gibbosity on the upper suture ; leaves pinnate with 3-5 pairs of leaflets. i. P. paradoxa. Achenes not gibbous. Leaves pinnate, with 2 approximate pairs of leaflets ; the upper ternate. 2. P, rivalis. Leaves all ternate (or the lower rarely digitately 5-foliate). Petals shorter than the sepals ; achenes whitish. Stem difi^usely branched, spreading ; leaflets cuneate ; inflorescence cymose. 3. P. leucocarpa. Stem erect, strict ; leaflets broadly obovate ; inflorescence falsely racemose. 4. P. lateriflora. Petals about equalling the sepals ; stem stout, strict ; achenes brownish. 5. P. monspeliensis. II. CONCINNAE. Middle leaflet sessile. Leaflets obovate or cuneate, deeply toothed or incised. 6. P. concinna. Leaflets oblong, with entire margins, only 3-toothed (rarely s-toothed) at the very apex. 7. p. hicrenata. Middle leaflet petioled. 8. P. quinquefolia. III. Aureae. Only one species. 9. p, dissecta. IV. Graciles. Leaves green on both sides, not at all tomentose beneath. Leaflets cuneate at the base, usually toothed only above the middle ; plants low, usually less than 3 dm. high. 9. P. dissecta. Leaflets oblanceolate, toothed to near the base ; plants 3-6 dm. high. Stem glabrous or appressed-pubescent ; leaflets coarsely toothed or cleft half- way to the mid-rib or less. Slender ; leaves thin, not strongly ribbed ; inflorescence open ; bracts small. 10. P. jucunda. Stout ; leaves thick and strongly ribbed ; inflorescence dense ; bracts con- spicuous. II. p. Nuttallii. 182 ROSACEAE. Stem with spreading hairs ; leaflets cltl't to near the niid-rih. 12. P. bruuncsccits. Leaves more or less tomcntose beneath. Leaves sparingly tomentose and grayish beneath ; leaflets dissected about three- fourths to the mid-rib. i3- P- Bakeri. Leaves densely white-tomentosc beneath ; leaflets merely crenate or toothed. Lower stem-leaves 5-foliolate ; plant 3 dm. or more high. Hypanthium and calyx not tomentose, as well as the pedicels more or less viscid ; pubescence of stem and petioles usually loose. 14. P. Hlipes. Hypanthium and calyx more or less tomentose, not viscid ; pubescence of the stem and petioles usually appressed. 15. P. pulcherrima. Stem-leaves all ternate ; plant 1-2 (seldom 3) dm. high. 8. P. quinquefolia. V. SUBJUGAE. One species. 16. P. subjuga. VL NiVEAE. Stem 1-2 dm. high, more or less leafy, several-flowered. 17. P. nivea. Stem less than i dm. high, subscapose, usually 1-2 flowered. 18. P. uniflora. VIL MULTIFIDAE. Pubescence not silvery white. Plant dark green ; branches of inflorescence rather long, erect. 19. P. atrovirens. Plant usually yellowish green ; branches of inflorescence short and ascending. 20. P. pennsylvanica. Pubescence silvery white, at least beneath. Leaves white-silky on both sides ; lobes of the leaflets linear. 21. P. bipinnatiUda. Leaves greenish above ; lobes of the leaflets oblong or lanceolate. 22. P. platyloba. VIIL RUBRICAULES. Sepals lanceolate to linear, acuminate. Leaves densely silky or tomentose on both sides. 23. P. filicaulis. Leaves greenish above. Segments of the leaflets oblong to orbicular in outline. Stems decumbent or prostrate ; segments of the leaves oblong. 24. P. rubripes. Stems ascending ; segments of the leaves orbicular or nearly so. 25. P. minutifolia. Segments of the leaflets linear : stems erect. 26. P. tenerrima. Sepals broadly ovate or ovate-triangular, obtusish or abruptly mucronate. Plant densely cespitose ; leaves silky and finely tomentose beneath. 2y. P. saximontava. Plants with a few spreading branches ; leaves floccose beneath. 6. P. concinna. IX. MULTIJUGAE. Leaflets dissected to near the mid-rib. Stem erect, with 1-3 small leaves. 28. P. pinnatisecla. Stem decumbent or ascending, leafy. 29. P. plattensis. Leaflets merely coarsely toothed ; stem erect. 30. R. rupincola. X. Leucophyllae. Leaves white-tomentose, floccose or silky, at least beneath. Bractlets nearly equalling the acute sepals ; leaves silky as well as tomentulose ; hence shining. ROSACEAE. 183 Leaves nearly equally white on both sides ; upper leaflets not decurrent. 31. P. Hippiana. Leaves greener above ; upper 3 leaflets more or less decurrent on the rachis. 32. P. propinqua. Bractlets much shorter than the acuminate sepals ; leaves merely floccose ; hence dull. Leaves thick, densely floccose ; pistils numerous. 33. P. effusa. Leaves thin ; tomentum sparse and more or less deciduous ; pistils few. 34. P. coloradensis. Leaves grayish silky. Stem stout, erect, 6-7 dm. high ; leaflets obovate or oblong, coarsely serrate, the upper decurrent on the rachis. 35. P. ambigens. Stem 1-4 dm. high ; leaflets cuneate, toothed at the apex only, conduplicate, none decurrent. 36. P. crinita. 1. Potentilla paradoxa Nutt. {P. supina Am. auth. ; not L.) In wet places from Ont. and Wash, to N. M. ; also Mex. and western Asia. — Steamboat Lake. 2. Potentilla rivalis Nutt. In wet places from Sask. and Ore. to Mex. — Alt. up to 8000 ft. — Lee's Lake; along the Conejos River, north of Antonito; Ft. Collins; Quimby; along the Platte River, Denver; Georgetown; New Windsor. 3. Potentilla leucocarpa Rydb. {P. milligrana Engelm. ; not Dougl.) In wet meadows from 111. and Wash, to N. M. and Calif. — Poudre Canon; Mid- dle Park; Steamboat Springs. 4. Potentilla lateriflora Rydb. {P. biennis Rydb., in part; not Greene) In loose soil from Ass. and B. C. to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — • Gunnison. 5. Potentilla monspeliensis L. {P. norvegica hirsuta T. & G.) In fields and waste places from Lab. and Alaska to D. C. and Mex. — Alt. up to 8000 ft. — Along Conejos River, north of Antonito; Rist Canon; Soldier Caiion; Gypsum ; La Porte ; Ft. Collins ; Rocky Ford ; near Boulder ; Gunnison ; Iron- ton Park; Ruxton Park; New Windsor; Pagosa Springs; Green Moimtain Falls ; Pike's Peak ; Placer Gulch ; Beaver Creek. 6. Potentilla concinna Richardson. (P. humifusa Nutt.) Dry hills and mountains from Sask. and Alb. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — • Devil's Causeway; North Park; Empire; Lake City; Georgetown; Cameron Pass ; Mt. Abram ; Cumberland Mine, La Plata Mountains ; Little Kate Mine ; West Spanish Peak ; Little Veta Mountain ; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Spicer, Larimer Co. 7. Potentilla bicrenata Rydb. Dry mountains of N. M. and Colo. — " Colorado." 8. Potentilla quinquefolia Rydb. (P. nivca subquinata Lange; P. nivea pentaphylla Lehm.) On dry mountains from Greenl. and B. C. to Colo. — Alt. 10,000-14,000 ft. — Cumberland Mine, La Plata Mountains ; West Spanish Peak ; Mt. Hesperus ; Hahn's Peak. 9. Potentilla dissecta Pursh. (P. diversifolia Lehm.) On hills and moun- tain sides from Sask. and B. C. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. up to 13,000 ft. — Lake City; headwaters of Clear Creek; Cameron Pass; Lake City; Caribou; Willis Gulch; Pagosa Springs; Carson; Alpine Tunnel; Buflfalo Pass Park; Mt. Princeton ; Little Kate Mine ; Ouray ; Estes Park ; Spicer. 1K4 ROSACEAE. Potentilla dissecta glaucophylla ( Lclim. ) S. Wats. A taller and more glab- rous variety. — Boreas; Beaver Creek Canon; above Beaver Creek; Beaver Creek; camp on Little Beaver; Graymont; Cameron Pass; Lake City; Cari- bou ; Red Mountain ; Alpine Tunnel ; Silver Plume ; Camp Creek. 10. Potentilla juncunda A. Nels. In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. up li> 10,000 ft Chambers' Lake; Beaver Creek; Cameron Pass; Little Kate Mine. 11. Potentilla Nuttallii Lchm. (A i^racilis rigida S. Wats.) In mountain valleys from Sask. and B. C. to Colo, and Calif.— Sheephorn Divide, Middle Park; Grizzly Creek; northwest of North Park. 12. Potentilla brunnescens Rydb. In dry mountain meadows from Mont, to Colo.— Alt. about 8000 ft.— Columbine ; Grizzly Creek; Steamboat Springs; Walden. 13. Potentilla Bakeri Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 8000-9000 ft. — Grizzly Creek; southwest North Park; Doyle's; Gunnison watershed. 14. Potentilla filipes Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Forks of Poudre and Big South ; above Ouray ; along Bear River ; Como ; Chambers' Lake; Dolores. 15. Potentilla pulcherrima Lehm. In mountain meadows from Sask. and Alb. to N. M. and Nev. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Lake City; mountains above Denver; Larimer Co.; near Empire; Como; Silverton ; Beaver Creek; along the Conejos River, north of Antonito; Rico; Stove Prairie Hill, Larimer Co. ; Campton's ranch ; Dolores ; headwaters of Clear Creek. 16. Potentilla subjuga Rydb. Mountains of Colo. — Alt. 8000-9000 ft.— Near Empire. 17. Potentilla nivea L. In alpine-arctic situations from Lab. and Alaska to Colo.; also in Europe and Asia. — Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft. — Devil's Causeway; Empire; Ouray; West Spanish Peak; Cumberland Mine, La Plata Mountain; mountains of Estes Park. 18. Potentilla uniflora Ledeb. In alpine-arctic situations from Greenl. and Alaska to Colo, and Ore. — Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft. — High mountains about Em- pire; Hinsdale Co.; Cameron Pass; Estes Park; Boreas. 19. Potentilla atrovirens Rydb. On plains and hills from Minn, and Wyo. to Colo. — Williams' Canon, Pike's Peak. 20. Potentilla pennsylvanica strigosa Pursh. On plains from Hudson Bay and Alb. to Kans. and N. M. (the true P. Pensylvanica L. is not found in Colo.). — Alt. up to 8000 ft. — Antonito; West Mancos Canon; Central City; Empire. Potentilla pennsylvanica arachnoidea Lehm. On high plains from Mont, and Utah to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Lake City; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Chicken Creek; Ouray; near Boulder; mountains of Estes Park. 21. Potentilla bipinnatifida Dougl. On plains from Sask. and Alb. to Neb. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Larimer Co. ; Como ; Antonito ; Higho ; Ute Pass ; Indian Creek Pass ; Gunnison. 22. Potentilla platyloba Rydb. (P. bipinnatifida platyloba Rydb.) On plains from Hudson Bay and Alb. to Neb. and Colo. — Mountain View ; Gun- nison ; Pitkin ; Empire. ROSACEAE. 185 23. Potentilla filicaulis (Nutt.) Rydb. {P. effusa filicaulis Nutt.) In the mountains from Colo, to Ida. — Beaver Creek. 24. Potentilla rubripes Rydb. (P. riibricaidis Rydb., mainly; not Lehm.) In the higher mountains from Alb. to Colo.— Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft.— Estes Park; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Pike's Peak; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Moun- tains; Cameron Pass; Berthoud Pass; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 25. Potentilla minutifolia Rydb. On the higher peaks of Colo. — Alt. 9000- 13,000 ft. — Graymont ; Georgetown ; Saddle, Pike's Peak ; mountains of Estes Park; Cumberland Mine; Eldora to Baltimore. 26. Potentilla tenerrima Rydb. On the higher mountains of Colo. — -Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft. — Pike's Peak; West Spanish Peak. 27. Potentilla saximontana Rydb. On the higher peaks of Colo. — Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft. — Pike's Peak ; West Spanish Peak. 28. Potentilla pinnatisecta (S. Wats.) Rydb. In the mountains from Alb. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft.— Little Kate Mine, La Plata Moun- tains ; mountains of Estes Park. 29. Potentilla plattensis Nutt. In mountain meadows from Sask. to Colo, and Utah.— Alt. 8000-10,000 ft.— Platte River, South Park; Tobe Miller's ranch; Walden; Gunnison; Ojo; Placer Gulch; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Buena Vista. 30. Potentilla rupincola Osterh. Mountains in Colo. — Dale Creek, Larimer Co. 31. Potentilla Hippiana Lehm. On plains and in meadows from Minn., Sask. and Alb. to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Near Empire; Trap- per's Lake; Estes Park; Willow Creek; Georgetown; Gunnison; Colorado Springs ; South Park ; Chambers' Lake ; Upper Laramie River ; Forrester's ranch, Larimer Co. ; North Park ; Indian Creek Pass. 32. Potentilla propinqua Rydb. (P. Hippiana diffusa Lehm.) In meadows from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Rico ; Como ; near Nar- rows ; Durango ; Chambers' Lake ; near Pagosa Peak ; Mancos ; Pagosa Springs ; Ruxton Dell ; Chicken Creek ; Pitkin ; Mt. Hesperus ; North Park ; Grizzly Creek, southwest of North Park. 33. Potentilla effusa Dougl. On plains and hills from Ass. and Mont, to N. M. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Crow Creek; near Empire; Bosworth's ranch; Poudre flats, above Ft. Collins ; Estes Park, Larimer Co. ; Table Rock ; Moore's ranch ; Manitou ; Cameron Pass ; Cascade ; Indian Creek Pass ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; near Boulder. 34. Potentilla coloradensis Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 8000- 10,000 ft. — Georgetown ; South Park ; Estes Park, Larimer Co. ; Empire ; Chambers' Lake ; Minnehaha ; Silver Plume ; Como. 35. Potentilla ambigens Greene. In the mountains of Colo, and N. M. — 36. Potentilla crinita A. Gray. On dry hills of Colo., Utah, N. M. and Ariz. — Piedra. 6. HORKELIA C. & S. I. Horkelia Gordonii Hook. On dry mountains from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. about 11,000 ft. — Buffalo Pass; summit of North Park Range, Routt Co. ; Ethel Peak. I'^^^J ROSACEAE. 7. ARGENTINA Lam. Silver-leaf, Goose-tansy. Leaves green and glabrate above. i. A. auscrina. Leaves silvery-white on both sides. 2. A. argcntca. 1. Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb. {Potcntilla anscrina L.) Wet soil from Greenl. and Alaska to N. J., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Bear River ; Steamboat Springs ; Ft. Collins ; Como ; Platte Canon. 2. Argentina argentea Rydb. {A. anserima concolor Rydb. ; not Potcntilla anscrina concolor Ser.) In wet mountain meadows from Ass. and Wash, to N. M. and Ariz. — Black's Lake; Upper Sangre de Cristo Creek. 8. FRAGARIA L. Strawberry. Pubescence of the scape and petioles spreading or reflexed ; achenes superficial. Calyx in fruit spreading; scape usually with a leafy bract. i. F. bracteata. Calyx in fruit reflexed; scape generally without a leafy bract. 2. F. aniericana. Pubescence of the scape and petioles appressed or ascending ; achenes set in pits. Plant not glaucous ; scape densely strigose. Leaflets over 3 cm. long, very veiny beneath ; runners numerous. 3. F. proHHca. Leaflets 1-3 cm. long, not very veiny ; runners few. 4. F. pumila. Plant more or less glaucous. Leaves thin. Leaflets obovate ; scape several-flowered. 5. F. glaiica. Leaflets oblong-cuneate ; scape 1-4-flowered. 6. F. pauciilora. Leaves rather thick, firm ; leaflets oblong-cuneate. 7. F. ovalis. 1. Fragaria bracteata Heller. In meadows and open copses from Mont, and B. C. to N. M. and Calif.— Alt. 8000-11,000 ft.— Minnehaha ; Little Veta Mountain ; Pike's Peak ; Georgetown. 2. Fragaria americana (Porter) Britton. (F. vesca Pursh, in part; not L.) In meadows and woods and on hillsides from Newf. and Man. to Va. and N. M. — Dillon Canon ; Pennock's mountain ranch ; Rist Canon ; Boulder ; Ute Pass. 3. Fragaria prolifica Baker & Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 7000- 10,000 ft. — Cameron Pass; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Pike's Peak ; Seven Lakes ; bank of Poudre ; near Silverton ; Como ; Chambers' Lake; Columbine; Red Mountain; Breckenridge; Wahatoya Cafion; Pike's Peak ; Cheyenne Canon. 4. Fragaria pumila Rydb. On hillsides from S. D. and Wyo. to Colo. — Pike's Peak ; Gunnison ; Seven Lakes. 5. Fragaria glauca (S. Wats.) Rydb. In meadows and open woods from Mackenzie and Mont, to S. D., Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 8000-11,000 ft. — Pike's Peak; Veta Mountain; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Pass Creek; East Indian Creek ; Andrew's ranch, Larimer Co. ; Little Kate Basin, La Plata ^Mountains ; bank of Poudre ; Howe's Gulch ; Como. 6. Fragaria pauciflora Rydb. On hills from Hudson Bay and Alb. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 7000-9000 ft. — North Boulder Peak; below Halfway House, Pike's Peak ; Andrew's Shetland ranch ; North Park, near Teller ; Pennock's mountain ranch; along the Conejos River, north of Antonito; Minnehaha. 7. Fragaria ovalis (Lehm.) Rydb. (Poteniilla ovalis Lehm. ; Fragaria firma Rydb.) On dry hills from Colo, and Utah to Cent. Mex. — Bear Creek Divide, La Plata Mountains. ROSACEAE. 187 9. SIBBALDIA L. I. Sibbaldia procumbens L. On alpine peaks and in arctic regions from Greenl. and Alaska to N. H., Colo, and Calif.; also in Europe and Asia. — Alt. 10,000-14,000 ft. — Massif de 1' Arapahoe; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Silver Plume; Mt. Harvard; West Spanish Peak; Tennessee Pass, seven miles west of Leadville; near Pagosa Peak; Boreas; Cameron Pass; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains; Beaver Creek; Leroux Creek; Rabbit-Ear Range ; Berthoud Pass. 10. DASIPHORA Raf. Shrubby Cinquefoil. I. Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. (Potentilla fruticosa L.) In meadows and on rocks from Lab. and Alaska to N. J., N. M. and Calif.— Alt. about 10,000 ft. — Vicinity of Como ; North Park ; Berthoud Pass. II. CHAMAERHODOS Bunge. I. Chamaerhodos erecta (L.) Bunge. On dry plains from Sask. and Alaska to Colo. — Alt. up to 9000 ft.— South Park, southeast of Jefferson. 12. DRYMOCALLIS Tourr. Petals white; leaves densely and coarsely hairy. i. D. urgiita. Petals yellow ; leaves sparingly and finely pubescent. Corolla 15-20 mm. in diameter; petals much exceeding the sepals. 2. D. iissa. Corolla 10-15 mm. in diameter; petals slightly if at all exceeding the sepals. 3. D. glandulosa. 1. Drymocallis arguta (Pursh) Rydb. On prairies, plains, meadows and hillsides from N. B. and Mackenzie to D. C. and Colo. — Table Rock; Steam- boat Springs. 2. Drymocallis fissa (Nutt.) Rydb. {Potentilla iissa Nutt.) In the moun- tains from ^Mont. to Colo. — Alt. 6000-12,000 ft. — Near Narrows, Rist Caiion; Horsetooth Gulch ; Dixon Canon ; Beaver Creek ; Table Rock ; Empire ; Bear Creek Caiion ; Wyoming State line ; Pennock's mountain ranch ; Beaver Creek; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. 3. Drymocallis glandulosa (Nutt.) Rydb. {Potentilla glandulosa Nutt.) In the mountains from Alb. and B. C. to S. D., N. M. and Calif. — Leroux Creeks, Delta Co. ; Rist Canon. 13. GEUM L. AvENS. Petals yellow, clawless. Upper internode of the style long-hairy ; lower not glandular ; petals 5-7 mm. long. I. G. s trie turn. Upper internode of the style sparingly short-hairy ; lower more or less glandular- puberulent ; petals 4-5 mm. long. 2. G. oregonense. Petals pink or purplish, more or less clawed. 3. G. rivale. I. Geum striatum Ait. In low meadows and among bushes from Newf. and B. C. to Pa., Mo. and Mex. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Mancos ; Stove Prairie, Larimer Co.; Moon's ranch; Buena Vista ; Victoria ; Piedra ; Gunnison ; Parlin, Gunnison Co. ; Silver Plume ; 188 ROSACEAK. Soldier Canon; Gmymont ; Ft. Collins; Happy Hollow; Elk Canon; Bos- worlh's ranch ; Boulder. 2. Geum oregonense (SchciUz) Rydb. (G. urbanum orcgonciise Scheutz; G. macrophyllum Coulter, in part; not Willd.) In mountain meadows from Mackenzie and B. C. to N. M. and Calif.— Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — La Plata Canon ; Veta Pass ; Marshall Pass ; Cascade Canon ; Chicken Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; Grizzly Creek; Chambers' Lake; White River Plateau; Hounold ; Yampa ; Victoria; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; Man- cos; Castle Canon; Arapahoe Pass; Elk Canon; Beaver Creek; Rico; foot- hills, Larimer Co.; Medicine Bow Mountains; Arapahoe Pass; Empire; Eldora to Baltimore; Steamboat Springs. 3. Geum rivale L. In swamps and wet meadows from Newf. and B. C. to N. J. and Colo. — Alt. 8000-9000 ft. — Estes Park; Twin Lakes; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Indian Creek Pass; Victoria; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; Crystal Park; Empire; Walden. 14. SIEVERSIA R. Br. Mountain Avens. Petals light purple; styles in fruit much elongated, plumose. i. S. ciliata. Petals yellow ; styles scarcely elongating in fruit, appressed hairy. 2. S. turbinata. 1. Sieversia ciliata (Pursh) Don. {Geum ciliatuni Pursh; G. iriflorum Pursh) On hills from Lab. and B. C. to N. Y. and Calif.; also in Mex.— Alt. 8000-12,000 ft.— Como, South Park; Mt. Harvard; Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains; North Park; Twin Lakes; Pike's Peak; Pagosa; near Graymont; Marshall Pass; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron; west of Ouray; Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; Dead Lake; Palsgrove Canon; Arapahoe Pass; on the Michigan; Big South; near Silverton ; Beaver Creek. 2. Sieversia turbinata (Rydb.) Greene. {Geum turbinatum Rydb.; G. Rossii T. & G. ; not Ser.) On the higher peaks from Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz.— Alt. 10,000-14,000 ft. — Gray's Peak; Uncompahgre Peak; Cameron Pass; Pike's Peak; West Spanish Peak; near Pagosa Peak; Cumberland Basin, La Plata Mountains; Bear Creek Divide, West La Plata Mountains; Flat Top Mountains; Alpine Tunnel; Carson; Beaver Creek; Boreas; Devil's Causeway; Graymont; Berthoud Pass; Ethel Peak. 15. FALLUGIA Endl. I. Fallugia acuminata (Woot.) Rydb. {F. paradoxa Coult., in part; and v. acuminata Woot.) On dry hills from Colo, and Utah to Tex and Ariz. — Alt. 8000-9000 ft. — Sangre de Cristo Creek; Cimarron. i6. HOLODISCUS Max. Leaf-blades broadly rounded ovate-spatulate, more or less double-toothed, with rounded teeth. i. H. dumosus. Leaf-blades oval or obovate, with simple ovate teeth. Leaf-blades 1.5-4 cm. long; panicle open, with spreading or reflexed, long branches. 2. H. australis. Leaf-blades 1-1.5 cm. long; panicle contracted, with short few-flowered branches. 3- f^- microphyllus. ROSACEAE. 189 1. Holodiscus dumosus (Nutt.) Heller. (Spiraea dumosa Nutt.) On hills and mountains from Wyo. and Utah to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Cheyenne Mountain; near Georgetown; Grand Junction; Glenwood Springs; Idaho Springs; Black Caiion; southeast of Ouray; Ragged Mountain, Gun- nison Co. ; Ute Pass ; North Cheyenne Caiion ; vicinity of Pine Grove ; Empire. 2. Holodiscus australis Heller. On hills from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — Colorado Springs; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Cheyenne Caiion ; Georgetown ; Minnehaha. 3. Holodiscus microphyllus Rydb. On dry hills from Ida. and Ore. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — Chicken Creek; Mt. Harvard. 17. KUNZIA Spreng. I. Kunzia tridentata (Pursh) Spreng. (Purshia tridcntata DC.) On dry hills from Mont, and Wash, to N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Liver- more, Larimer Co. ; Dolores ; Walcott ; divide road to Steamboat Springs ; Pearl; between Pallas and Sydney; Rist Caiion; Stove Prairie Hill; Horse- tooth Gulch ; north of Poudre ; Pinkham Creek. 18. COLEOGYNE Torr. I. Coleogyne ramosissima Torr. From southwestern Colo, and Nev. to Ariz, and Calif. — Alt. 5250 ft. — Near Hovenweep Castle {Brandegee). 19. CERCOCARPUS H. B. K. Mountain Holly. I. Cercocarpus parvifolius Nutt. On hills from S. D. and Mont, to N. M. and Utah.— Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.— Golden; Colorado Springs; Boulder; Cerro Summit ; Manitou ; Cucharas River, above La Veta ; Livermore, Larimer Co. ; Mancos; Trail Glen, Pike's Peak; North Cheyenne Caiion; foot-hills, Lari- mer Co. ; Horsetooth Gulch ; gulch west of Pennock's ; Rist Caiion ; Pen- nock's mountain ranch ; Poudre Canon ; Trinidad ; Ft. Collins ; Eldora to Baltimore. 20. DRYAS L. I. Dryas octopetala L. On alpine peaks and in arctic regions from Greenl. and Alaska to N. H., Colo, and Utah.— Alt. 11,000-14,000 ft. — Mt. Bartlett, Robinson; Bottomless Pit; Silver Plume; Mt. Harvard; mountains south of Ward; Front Range, Larimer Co.; above Beaver Creek; Cameron Pass. 21. AGRIMONIA L. Agrimony. I. Agrimonia Brittoniana occidentalis Bickn. Among bushes from S. D. and Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz. The type-species extends east to Que. and W. Va. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Ft. Collins; North Cheyenne Caiion; Poudre flats; Table Rock; Redstone. l'.»0 ROSACEAE. 22. ROSA L. Rose, Brier. Infrastipular spines not present. Stems bristly or prickly. Flowers corymbose at the end of the stems or of almost erect branches. Leaf-blades glabrous ; stipules, leaf-stalks and sepals more or less glandular. I. R. arkansana. Leaf-blades densely pubescent, at least beneath. 2. R. praiincola. Flowers solitary at the ends of spreading branches. Leaflets finely but distinctly pubescent beneath. Leaflets rather firm, coarsely serrate ; fruit spherical or nearly so. 3. R. Sayi. Leaves thin, sharply serrate ; fruit elongated-ellipsoid. 4. R. Engelmannii. Leaflets glabrous ; fruit rounded-obovate or spherical. 5. R. melina. Stem unarmed. 11. R. Baker i. Infrastipular spines present. Hypanthium and fruit bristly. 6. R. Underwoodii. Hypanthium and fruit glabrous. Leaflets glabrous or nearly so. Spines curved. Leaflets 1-2 cm. long: spines stout; fruit i cm. or less in diameter. 7. R. manca. Leaflets 2-3.5 cm. long: fruit 1-1.5 cm. in diameter. Spines slender ; leaves not bluish green, thin. 8. R. melina. Spines stout : leaves bluish green, thick. 9. R. pandorana. Spines straight or nearly so. 10. R. Macounii. Leaflets decidedly pubescent beneath. Fruit over i cm. broad ; leaflets large ; flowers solitary ; spines stout. II. R. Bakeri. Fruit less than i cm. broad ; spines weak, slightly curved or straight ; flowers often corymbose. Petioles and stipules densely glandular. 12. R. Fendleri. Petioles not glandular : stipules merely glandular-toothed or entire. Spines very slender and straight. 13. R. aciculaia. Spines stouter and somewhat curved. 14. R. Ma.vimilliani. 1. Rosa arkansana Porter. In the Arkansas Cation of Colo. 2. Rosa pratincola Greene. {R. Arkansana S. Wats. ; also Coult. Man. ; not Porter.) On prairies and plains from Minn, and Alb. to Kans. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Veta Pass ; Colorado Springs. 3. Rosa Sayi Schweinitz. On hills and mountains, in open woods, from Que. and Alb. to Mich, and Colo. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — North Cheyenne Caiion; Cottonw^ood Lake; Rnxton Park, Pike's Peak; Front Range, Lari- mer Co.; Blue River, above Kremmling; Minnehaha; Hounold; Boulder; Columbine ; Marshall Pass ; falls of Poudre ; west of Steamboat Springs ; Campton's ranch ; Beaver Creek ; Horsetooth Mountain ; gulch west of Pen- nock's ; Boulder; Eldora to Baltimore. 4. Rosa Engelmannii S. Wats. In open woods from Upper Mich, and N. D. to Tex. and Colo. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Manitou ; headwaters of Pass Creek ; Minnehaha Falls. 5. Rosa Underwoodii Rydb. In caiions of Colo. — ^Alt. 8000-9000 ft. — Box Canon, west of Ouray; La Plata Caiion. 6. Rosa manca Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 7500-9000 ft. — Mancos ; southeast of Ouray. 7. Rosa melina Greene. In the mountains of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. 6000- 10,000 ft. — Chambers' Lake ; West Spanish Peak ; southeast of Ouray ; Cerro Summit ; Black Cafion. ROSACEAE. 191 8. Rosa pandorana Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Pandora. 9. Rosa Macounii Greene. In valleys and along streams from S. D. and Alb. to Kans. and Colo. — Colorado Springs; Pike's Peak; Mancos; New- Windsor; North Cheyenne Canon; Horsetooth Mountain. 10. Rosa Bakeri Rydb. In caiions and on hillsides from Mont, and Ida. to Colo. — Alt. 7500-9000 ft.— Box Caiion, west of Ouray; Dix Post Office; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co. ; Parlin. 11. Rosa Fendleri Crepin. In valleys and along streams from S. D. and Mont, to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Blue River, above Kremmling; Golden ; Twin Lakes ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Boulder. 12. Rosa aciculata (Cockerell) Rydb. (R. blanda aciciilata Cockerell) In rich valleys of Colo and N. M. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Walsenburg; moun- tains between Sunshine and Ward. 13. Rosa Maximiliani Nees. {1 Rosa Woodsii Lindl.) In valleys and on foot-hills from Sask. and Wash, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — Gunnison ; Blue River, above Kremmling ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Pagosa Springs; southeast of Ouray; New Windsor; Horse- tooth Mountain ; Steamboat Springs. Family 67. MALACEAE Small. Apple Family. Cavities of the ovary becoming twice as many as the styles by a false, complete or incomplete partition ; leaves simple, toothed. Styles 5 ; flowers racemose. i. Amelanchier. Styles 2 ; flowers solitary or in sessile 2-3-flowered corymbs. 2. Per.^phyllum. Cavities of the ovary as many as the styles ; flowers in corymbiform, compound cymes. Leaves simple, but more or less lobed ; ovules solitary in each carpel. 3. Crataegus. Leaves pinnate ; ovules 2 in each carpel. 4. Sorbus. I, AMELANCHIER L. June-berry. Leaf-blades obtuse to truncate at the apex. Leaf-blades orbicular or nearly so, truncate at the apex. Mature leaves glabrous or sparingly and loosely villous. Whole plant perfectly glabrous; bud-scales glabrous. i. A. polycarpa. Inflorescence and lower surface of the leaves white-villous when young ; bud-scales hairy. Petals 12-15 nim. long; mature leaves perfectly glabrous. Leaf-blades elliptic. 2. A. elliptica. Leaf-blades suborbicular or broadly oval. 3. A. alnifoUa. Petals about 8 mm. long ; mature leaves often somewhat villous beneath. 4. A. oreophila. Mature leaves finely pubescent on both sides, or rarely glabrate above. 5. A. Bakeri. Leaf-blades oval or obovate, obtuse or rounded at the apex, more or less glaucous beneath, entire or slightly toothed. 6. A. prunifolia. Leaves more or less ovate, acute. 7. A. rubescens. I. Amelanchier polycarpa Greene. Hills of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. 7000- 11,000 ft. — Piedra; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Hounold; Twin Lakes; Bob Creek, west of La Plata Mountains; Cerro Summit; Ojo. 192 MALACEAE. 2. Amelanchier elliptica A. Nels. Hills from S. D. to Colo. — Alt. 6000- 8000 ft. — Ccrro Summit; Crystal Creek; Beaver Creek. 3. Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. Dry hills and rolling plains from N. D. and Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt 4000-8000 ft. — Poverty Ridge, near Ci- marron; Ccrro Summit; Hounold; Glcnvvood Springs; Horsetooth Gulch; Hounold ; Central City; Four-Mile Hill; Parlin ; Pallas; Pandora. 4. Amelanchier oreophila A. Nelson. Hills of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 5000- 8000 ft. — Willow Creek; Camp Creek; Ojo; hills southeast of La Veta; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron; Los Pinos (Bayfield); Cottonwood Lake; City Creek Canon; Minturn. 5. Amelanchier Bakeri Greene. Dry hills of Colo. — Alt. 6000-8000 ft. — Cedar Creek; Mancos; Los Pinos (Bayfield); Wolcott; Twin Lakes. 6. Amelanchier prunifolia Greene. Dry hills and mountains of Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Mancos; Cerro Summit. 7. Amelanchier rubescens Greene. Dry hills of Colo, and N. M.— Between Rifle and Meeker; Cedar Creek. 2. PERAPHYLLUM Nutt. I. Peraphyllum ramosissimum Nutt. Dry hills and mountains from Ore. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 6500-8000 ft. — Mancos; Los Pinos (Bayfield) ; Cerro Summit; Cimarron; Durango; Dolores. 3. CRATAEGUS L. Hawthorn. Inflorescence pubescent ; leaves hairy beneath, at least on the veins. Leaf-blades orbicular or broadly obovate, abruptly contracted at the base, 5-7 cm. wide, less distinctly lobed, toothed to near the base. I. C. coloradensis. Leaf-blades obovate or rhombic, with a cuneate base, 5-9 lobed, with triangular acute lobes, 3-5 cm. wide. 2. C. occidentalis. Inflorescence glabrous ; leaves glabrous beneath. Leaf-blades serrate or incised; fruit 8-10 mm. broad. Leaf-blades rhombic, incisedly lobed with acute serrate lobes. 3. C. cerronis. Leaf-blades oblanceolate or rhombic-oblanceolate, merely irregularly serrate. 4. C. Wheeleri. Leaf-blades crenate : fruit 6-7 mm. long. 5. C. saligna. 1. Crataegus coloradensis Aven Nelson. Canons of Colo. — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Colorado Springs ; Boulder. 2. Crataegus occidentalis Britton. River-banks from N. D. and Mont, to Neb. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Golden; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Boulder; Lower Boulder Caiion ; Horsetooth Gulch. 3. Crataegus cerronis A. Nels. Along streams in Colo. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Colorado Springs ; Larin ; Golden ; Livermore ; Boulder ; Cerro Summit. 4. Crataegus Wheeleri A. Nels. Along streams from V/yo. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. about 6000 ft. — Wolcott; Steamboat Springs; between Pallas and Sydney; Steele Cai'ion; Villa Grove; Dix; between Meeker and Craig; be- tween Rifle and Meeker; Spring Creek, above Uncompahgre River. 5. Crataegus saligna Greene. Hillsides of Colo. — Alt. up to 7000 ft. — Cimarron ; Gypsum Creek Caiion ; Meeker ; Wolcott ; Gunnison ; Parlin. MALACEAE. 193 4. SORBUS L. Mountain Ash. I. Sorbus scopulina Greene. (Pyrus sambucifolia T. & G. ; not C. & S.) In moist ground and hillsides from Alb. and Wash, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Near Ouray; Upper La Plata Canon; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; Pagosa Peak; Box Caiion, west of Ouray; Victoria; North Cheyenne Caiion ; west of Palmer Lake ; Buffalo Pass ; Empire ; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. Family 68. AMYGDALACEAE Reichenb. Plum Family. I. PRUNUS L. Plums, Cherries. Flowers in lateral scaly umbels or corymbs, expanding with or before the leaves. Pits of the fruit flattened; leaves convolute in vernation. i. P. americana. Pits globose, not flattened ; leaves conduplicate in vernation. Low, decumbent shrubs ; inflorescence strictly sessile and umbel-like. 2. P. Besseyi. Erect shrubs or trees ; inflorescence corymbiform, more or less peduncled. 3. P. pennsylvanica. Flowers in long racemes, ending leafy branches of the season. 4. P. melanocarpa. 1. Prunus americana Marsh. Along streams from N. Y. and Mont, to Fla. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft.— Boulder ; foot-hills of Larimer Co. ; Wal- senburg ; plains near Denver ; gulch west of Dixon Caiion ; vicinity of Horse- tooth ; Rist Caiion ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Trinidad ; Cache la Poudre ; Manitou. 2. Prunus Besseyi Bailey. On sand-hills from N. D. to Kans. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — Ft. Collins; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins; north of La Porte ; Horsetooth Mountain ; Black's Lake. 3. Prunus pennsylvanica L. f. In rocky woods and on hillsides and along streams from Newf. and N. D. to Ga. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-9500 ft. — Estes Park, Larimer Co. ; Ft. Collins ; Minnehaha ; gulch west of Pennock's ; Pike's Peak; Rist Canon; Stove Prairie Hill; Redstone; mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Eldora to Baltimore ; Manitou. 4. Prunus melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Rydb. {P. demissa Torn, in part; not Walp. ; Cerasus demissa melanocarpa A. Nels.) On hillsides from N. D., Alb., and B. C. to N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Lake City; foot-hills, Lari- mer Co. ; Estes Park ; Mancos ; Cheyenne Caiion ; butte, five miles southwest of La Veta ; Cucharas River, below La Veta ; Dillon Caiion ; Trinidad ; Ft. Collins ; Cache la Poudre ; Bosworth's ranch ; gulch west of Pennock's ; Horsetooth Gulch; Dixon Caiion; Purgatory River, Trinidad; Pinkham Creek. Family 69. MIMOSACEAE Reichenb. Mimosa Family. Valves of the pod not separating from the continuous margin, not prickly ; stems erect, unarmed. i. Acuan. Valves of the pod separating from the continuous margin ; pod 4-angled, prickly ; stems prostrate, prickly. 2. Morongia. 13 194 MIMOSACEAE. I. ACUAN Medic. Prairie Mimosa. I. Acuan illinoensis (Michx.) Kuntze. (Dcsmanthus brachylobus Benth.) In rich bottom lands from Ind. and S. D. to Fla., Tex. and Colo. — Sterling. 2. MORONGIA Britton. Sensitive-brier. I. Morongia uncinata (Willd.) Britton. {Schrankia uncinata Willd.) On prairies from 111. and S. D. to Fla. and Tex. — Exact locality not given. Family 70. CASSIACEAE Link. Senna Family. Leaves simply pinnate; corolla very irregular; one of the lateral petals (standard) and the lowest petal larger than the rest. i. Chamaecrista. Leaves twice pinnate ; corolla regularly zygomorph, the upper petal only differing materially from the rest. 2. Hoffmanseggia. I. CHAMAECRISTA Moench. I. Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene. (Cassia fasciculata Michx.; C. Chamaecrista Walt. ; not L.) In prairies from Me. and S. D. to Fla., Tex. and Colo. — Denver. 2. HOFFMANSEGGIA Cav. Leaves, flowers and pods with black glandular dots ; pods short, 2-2.5 cm. long, straight on the back or nearly so. i. H. Jatnesii. Dark glandular dots none ; pods 3-4 cm. long, strongly arcuate. 2. H. drepanocarpa. 1. Hoffmanseggia Jamesii Torr. In dry soil from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Rocky Ford; Colorado City; Arkansas River; Wray. 2. Hoffmanseggia drepanocarpa A. Gray. In dry soil from Colo to Tex. and Ariz. — Cat'ion City. Family 71. FABACEAE Reichenb. Pea Family. Filaments distinct. Leaves pinnate. Tribe L Sophoreae. Leaves digitately 3-foliate. Tribe II. Podalyrieae. Filaments monadelphous or diadelphous. Rachis of the leaves not produced into a tendril or bristle-like appendage, repre- senting the terminal leaflet. Fruit 2-valved or indehiscent, not a loment. Foliage not glandular-dotted. Anthers of 2 kinds ; filaments monadelphous ; leaves digitate ; calyx 2- lipped. Tribe III. Genisieae. Anthers all alike ; filaments diadelphous ; calyx s-toothed. Leaflets toothed. Tribe IV. Trifolieae. Leaflets not toothed. Leaves irregularly pinnate ; leaflets even in number, 4 or 6 ; stip- ules gland-like ; flowers umbellate. Tribe V. Loteae. ' Leaves odd-pinnate ; stipules not gland-like ; flowers racemose or capitate. Tribe VI. Galegeae. Foliage glandular-dotted. Pod prickly. Tribe VII. Glycyrrhizeae. Pod not prickly, indehiscent. Tribe VIII. Psoraleae. FABACEAE. 195 Pod a loment, i. e., breaking up transversely into i -seeded indehiscent reticulate internodes. Tribe IX. Hedysareae. Rachis of the leaves produced into a tendril or bristle-like appendage. Tribe X. Vicieae. One genus. One genus One genus Tribe I. SOPHOREAE. Tribe II. PODALYRIEAE. Tribe III. GENISTEAE. Tribe IV. TRIFOLIAE. Leaves digitate ; in ours 3-foliolate. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate. Pod curved or coiled. Pod straight. One genus. Tribe V. LOTEAE. Tribe. VI. GALEGEAE. 1. Sophora. 2. Thermopsis. 3. LUPINUS. 4. Trifolium. 5. Medicago. 6. Melilotus. 7. Anisolotus. Leaves pinnate or unifoliolate. A. Blade of the standard as broad as long, spreading ; trees. Leaflets with stipels ; pod broad, margined on one edge. 8. ROBINIA. Leaflets without stipels ; pod narrow. 9. Peteria. B. Blade of the standard relatively narrow, mostly erect ; herbs. I. Keel (lower petals) not produced into a beak. a. Pods 2-celled, with a perfect partition. Pods fleshy, indehiscent or very tardily dehiscent. 10. Geoprumxox. Pods membranous, leathery or woody, dehiscent. Pods not inflated. Pods ovoid or oblong, rarely almost didymous, terete or vertically flattened, leathery or woody. 11. Astragalus. Pods linear, somewhat laterally flattened, membranous. 12. Hamosa. Pods strongly inflated, papery. 13. Cystium. b. Pods i-celled, the partition, if any, rudimentary. Lower suture strongly intruded, making the pod sagittate or obcordate in cross-section ; pod membranous, rarely leathery. 14. TlUM. Lower suture not intruded or merely slightly so ; pods in the latter case woody. Pods strongly inflated, papery. 25. Phaca. Pods not inflated, or slightly so, membranous to woody. Pods with a partial partition, formed by the inflexion of the lower suture. Pods membranous. 15. Atelophragma. Pods woody. Pods stipitate ; leaves unifoliolate. 16. Jonesiella. Pods sessile ; leaves pinnate. Calyx-tube short, campanulate, equalling or shorter than the lobes; tall glabrous plants. 17. Phacopsis. Calyx cylindrical, longer than the lobes ; low cespitose, ciner- ous or villous plants. 18. Xylophacos. Pods without a vestige of a partition. liH) FABACEAE. Pods not with two grooves on the upper side (or if slightly grooved, sessile). Pods with a Heshy epicarp, in fruit cross-ribbed ; leaflets ob- scurely articulated to the rachis, fleshy, narrow. 19. CtENOI'HVIJ.I'M. Pods without fleshy epicarp ; leaflets distinctly articulated to the rachis. Pods woody or at least leathery, flattened or slightly intruded on the lower side. Calyx cylindrical ; flowers large ; plant mostly low and cespitose. 18. Xvlophacos. Calyx campanulate ; flowers small. Corolla yellow ; calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, equalling the tube ; stipules united ; stem low. 20. Cnemidophacos. Corolla purple : calyx-lobes triangular ; much shorter than the tube ; stipules free or nearly so : stem tall and slender. 21. Microphacos. ' Pods membranous, usually more or less flattened laterally, with both sutures prominent. Leaflets spinulose-tipped ; pod 1-2-seeded. 23. Kkntkopiiyta. Leaflets not spinulose-tipped ; pods several-seeded. 24. HOMALOBUS. Pods with two grooves on the upper side, stipitate. 22. DiHOLCOS. 2. Keel (lower petals) produced into a beak. 27. Aragallus. IL Leaves digitately 3-foliolate. Flowers racemose. 26. Orophaca. Flowers capitate (some species of). 4. Tri folium. Tribe VIL GLYCYRRHIZEAE. One genus. 28. Glycyrrhiza. Tribe VIIL PSOR.^LEAE. Petal I (standard) ; leaves odd-pinnate. 29. Amorpha. Petals 5. Wings and keel free from the filament-tube ; leaves in our digitate. 30. Psoralea. Wings and keel adnate to the filament-tube ; leaves odd-pinnate. Stamens 9 or 10. 31- Parosela. Stamens 5. 32. Petalostemon. Tribe IX. HEDYSAREAE. Pod 4-several-seeded, neither spiny nor toothed. 33. Hedysarum. Pod i-2-seeded, more or less spiny or toothed. 34. Onobrvchis. Tribe X. VICIEAE. Style filiform, hairy all around and below the apex ; stamen-tube usually oblique at the summit. 35- Vicia. Style flattened towards the apex, hairy on the inner side ; stamen-tube usually truncate or nearly so. 36. Lathyrus. I. SOPHORA L. I. Sophora sericea Nutt. Dry prairies from S. D. and Wyo. to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Colorado Springs ; Ft. Collins; mesas near Pueblo; Walsenburg; Poudre Flats; Trinidad; Boulder; Colorado City. FAB ACE AE. 197 2. THERMOPSIS R. Br. Pods erect or ascending. Pods straight. Pods strictly erect and appressed, densely pubescent ; stipules narrow. 1. T. montana. Pods ascending-erect, sparingly pubescent ; stipules broad. 2. T. pinetorum. Pods arcuate, with spreading tips. 3. T. divaricarpa. Pods strongly divaricate or reflexed, curved. Pods mostly horizontal, arcuate. 4. T. arenosa. Pods reflexed, curved in a half-circle or more. 5. T. rhombifolia. 1. Thermopsis montana Nutt. (T. stricta Greene) In meadows from Mont, and Wash, to Colo., Utah and Ore. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Hounold; Larimer Co. ; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch ; along Conejos River, north of Antonito ; Sapinero ; Gunnison. 2. Thermopsis pinetorum Greene. In open woodlands and on hillsides in Colo, and N. M.— Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Chicken Creek, West La Plata Moun- tains; East Indian Creek; Los Pinos (Bayfield); Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch ; Table Rock ; foot of Horsetooth Mountain ; Rist Caiion ; Boulder; Colorado Springs; Marshall Pass. 3. Thermopsis divaricarpa A. Nels. In valleys and on foot-hills in Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-11,000 ft. — Denver; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Veta Mountain ; Ute Pass ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; mountain near Veta Pass ; Ft. Collins ; How-e's Gulch ; Beaver Creek ; Horsetooth Mountain ; Cache la Poudre ; foot-hills near Boulder; Eldora to Baltimore; Rist Cafion; Anita Peak. 4. Thermopsis arenosa A. Nels. In sandy soil from Sask. and Mont, to Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Empire ; Eldora to Baltimore. 5. Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt.) Richardson. In sandy soil from Sask. and Mont, to Colo. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Manitou ; butte five miles southwest of La Veta; mesas near Colorado Springs; Black's Lake; west of Soldier Caiion; north of La Porte; north of Ft. Collins; Trinidad. 3. LUPINUS L. Lupine. A. Perennials : cotyledons petioled after germination. I. §tems tall, 3 dm. or more, scarcely cespitose. I. Leaves glabrous above, at least in age. Stem pubescent with long and spreading hairs or glabrous. Banner not with a dark spot ; leaflets of the basal leaves oblanceolate, acute. I. L. amplus. Banner with a dark spot ; leaflets of the basal leaves spatulate, obtuse, mucronate. 2. L. ammophilus. Stem appressed-pubescent, at least above. Flowers large, over 12 mm. long; banner with a dark spot. 3. L. plattensis. Flowers small or middle-sized, 12 mm. or less long; banner not with a dark spot. Plant green ; stem and lower surface of the leaves sparingly appressed- pubescent. Flowers middle-sized, 8-12 mm. long. Plant purplish ; calyx strongly gibbous at the base. 4. L. rubricaulis. Plant green ; calyx not strongly gibbous. 5. L. alpestris. Flowers very small, 6-8 mm. long. li»S FABACEAE. Flowers about 8 mm. long. 6. L. parviflorus. Flowers about 6 mm. long. Plant vivid green, not at all cancscent. 7. L. floribundus. Plant dark green ; inflorescence and young leaves canescent. 8. L. viytianthus. Plant light green; stem more strigose ; leaves more or less silvery; flowers light blue or white. Flowers about 8 mm. long; leaflets linear. 11. L. tenellus. Flowers 10-12 mm. long; leaflets oblanceolatc. 1 2. L. dccumbens. 2. Leaves permanently pubescent above. Plant green ; leaves appressed-pubescent or slightly silky ; pubescence of the stem long, spreading. 9. L. comatus. Plants more or less canescent or silvery ; at least the upper part of the stem, inflorescence and the lower surface of the leaves densely silky or villous. Stem appressed-pubescent. Calyx distinctly spurred at the base. 10. L. argopliyllus. Calyx not spurred, but sometimes rather strongly gibbous at the base. Flowers less than 12 mm. long; banner not conspicuously light- spotted. Pubescence of the leaves finely silky, short, not dense, and per- fectly appressed. Pubescence of the inflorescence finely appressed-silky ; leaflets oblanceolatc. 13. L. argetiteus. Pubescence of the inflorescence looser and spreading. 12. L. decumbens var. Pubescence of the leaves dense, longer and often looser. 14. L. oreophilus. Flowers 12 mm. or more long; banner with a large conspicuous light spot. Stem few-leaved, only slightly exceeding the long basal leaves. 15. L. humicola. Stem very leafy, many times exceeding the basal leaves. 16. L. sericeits. Stem with dense pubescence of spreading usually short hairs. Corolla blue; banner with a light spot. 17. L. Bakeri. Corolla at first white ; the banner changing into purple ; no light spot. 18. L. dichrous. II. Stem low, less than 3 dm. high, densely cespitose. Inflorescence much exceeding the leaves. 19. L. psoralioides. Inflorescence not exceeding the leaves. Racemes very dense and short, sessile ; bracts lanceolate, about equalling the flowers ; pubescence rather appressed. 20. L. cacspitosus. Racemes elongated ; bracts subulate, exceeding the flowers ; pubescence loose. 21. L. IVatsoni. B. Annuals ; cotyledons after germination sessile, clasping the stem ; pod 2-seeded. Raceme dense, subcapitate ; lower lip of the calyx 2-3-toothed. Plant almost stemless ; lower lip of the calyx oval or ovate. 22. L. brevicaulis. Plant with a distinct leafy stem ; lower lip of the calyx oblong-lanceolate. 23. L. Kingii. Racemes more elongated and less dense ; lower lip of the calyx entire. 24. L. piisillus. 1. Lupinus amplus Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Cerro Summit ; below Steamboat Springs. 2. Lupinus ammophilus Greene. (L. Sitgreavesii Coult. Man., in part.) In the mountains of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 6000-7000 ft. — Los Pinos (Bay- field) ; Mancos ; Durango. FABACEAE. 199 3. Lupinus plattensis S. Wats. On hillsides in western Neb., Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Walsenburg; Denver; La Veta; butte five miles southwest of La Veta. 4. Lupinus rubricaulis Greene. Hills in Colo. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — Custer Butte. 5. Lupiniis alpestris A. Nels. (L. alsophilus Greene.) In mountain val- leys from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000-11,000 ft.^North fork of Cache la Poudre; divide above Steamboat Springs; Grizzly Creek; Little Veta Mountain; Four-Mile Hill; North Park; Buffalo Pass; mountains above Ouray; summit of North Park Range, Routt Co. 6. Lupinus parviflorus Nutt. In open woods, on hillsides, among bushes, S. D. and Mont, to Colo, and Utah.— Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Near Empire; Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; Pearl; North Park, near Teller; Berthoud Pass ; Breckenridge. 7. Lupinus floribundus Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Upper Bear Creek. 8. Lupinus myrianthus Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 8000- 9000 ft. — Pitkin ; Parlin, Gunnison Co. ; Jack's Cabin. 9. Lupinus comatus Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Lake City; Chicken Creek, La Plata Mountains; Gunnison Co. 10. Lupinus argophyllus (A. Gray) Cockerell. (L. decumbens argophyllus A. Gray ; L. Helleri Greene ; L. aduncus Greene) Valleys and river banks from Neb. and Colo, to N. M. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Durango; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Mancos; Mesa Verde; Colorado Springs; Antonito; bank of Conejos River. 11. Lupinus tenellus Nutt. In the mountains from Mont, to Colo, and Calif. — Estes Park; Mt. Harvard; Middle Park; Twin Lakes; Kremmling. 12. Lupinus decumbens Torr. (L. argenteus decumbens A. Gray; L. lep- tostachys Greene) On prairies and hillsides from Neb., Mont, and Ore. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft — Boulder ; Douglass Co. ; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Colorado Springs; Wahatoya Creek; La Veta; Mosquito Pass; Moon's ranch ; Victoria ; Veta Mountain ; North Park ; Trail Creek ; Rist Caiion; Sapinero; New Windsor; Bosworth's ranch; Pennock's mountain ranch ; Horsetooth Mountain ; Callaway ; Redcliffe. Lupinus decumbens argentatus Rydb. Leaflets broader than in the type and not conduplicate. On prairies and hillsides in Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — High mountains, Larimer Co. ; between Sunshine and Ward ; foot-hills near Boulder. 13. Lupinus argenteus Pursh. On prairies from Mont, to Colo. — Glen- wood Springs. 14. Lupinus oreophilus Greene. In the mountains from Wyo. to Utah and Colo.^West Cliff ; Cimarron ; Steamboat Springs ; Meeker ; Rio Blanco Co. 15. Lupinus humicola A. Nels. In rich soil in Colo, and Wyo. — Near Ironton, San Juan Co. 16. Lupinus sericeus Pursh. On prairies from Ass. and Wash, to Wyo. and Nev. A doubtful specimen has been collected in Colo. — Minturn. 17. Lupinus Bakeri Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 7000-8500 ft. — Hesperus; Los Pinos (Bayfield); Cedar Edge. 200 FABACEAE. i8. Lupinus dichrous Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Cedar Edge. 19. Lupinus psoralioides Pollard. Open gravelly soil in Colo. — Gunnison. 20. Lupinus caespitosus Nutt. On hillsides from Mont, to Colo, and Utah.— Alt. about 8000 ft. — Hinsdale Co.; North Park, near Teller; twelve miles below Grand Lake; Gunnison; Kremmling. 21. Lupinus Watsoni Heller. (Lupinus aridus Utahcnsis S. Wats.) In sandy soil from Ida. to Colo, and Utah. — North Park; Gunnison. 22. Lupinus brevicaulis S. Wats. On hills from Colo, and Utah to N. M. and Ariz.— Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Arboles ; Hotchkiss, Delta Co. 23. Lupinus Kingii S. Wats. (L. Sileri S. Wats.) In dry soil from Utah and Colo, to Ariz. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Mancos; Garland; Fiedra; Thomp- son's Park, La Plata Mountains ; Gunnison. 24. Lupinus pusillus Pursh. On dry plains from Mont, and Ore. to Kans., N. M. and Utah. — Alt. 1500-1600 m. — Mesas near Pueblo; New Windsor; Crow Creek ; La Porte, Larimer Co. ; Wray ; Hotchkiss ; Lamar ; Rocky Ford ; Ft. Collins ; Walsenburg. 4. TRIFOLIUM L. Clover. Heads not involucrate. Plants mostly tall ; stem leafy. Calyx hairy. Heads sessile ; corolla red-purple ; free portion of the stipules ovate. 1. T. pratense. Heads long-peduncled ; corolla white or pink ; free portion of the stipules elongated-lanceolate. Plants cespitose from a woody root ; stems ascending ; corolla salmon- color. 2. T. Rusbyi. Plant erect from a creeping rootstock ; corolla white. 3. T. Rydbergii. Calyx glabrous ; peduncles axillary ; corolla white or rose-color. 4. T. repens. Plants low, cespitose ; stems scapiform. > Calyx glabrous. Heads 1-3-flowered ; flowers not refie.xed ; calyx-teeth lanceolate ; caudex thick, densely cespitose with short branches. 5. T. naiium. Heads several-flowered ; flowers reflexed ; calyx-teeth subulate ; branches of the caudex more slender and elongated. 6. T. Brandegei. Calyx pubescent. Leaflets oval or obovate, strongly veined and sharply dentate. Flowers 10-12 mm. long. 7. T. stibacaulescens. Flowers about 8 mm. long. 8. T. gyinnocarpon. Leaflets lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, entire and not strongly veined. Flowers reflexed in fruit ; bracts minute, truncate and toothed. Calyx Yi-yi as long as the corolla ; its teeth fully twice as long as the tube. 9. T. stenolobum. Calyx about half as long as the corolla ; its teeth only slightly longer than the tube. Banner acuminate; leaflets linear-lanceolate. 10. T. attentiatum. Banner obtuse, minutely mucronate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate to elliptic. II. T. bracteolatum. Flowers not reflexed in fruit ; bracts more conspicuous, lanceolate to subulate, long-attenuate. Bracts narrowly linear-lanceolate or subulate, much exceeding the calyx-tube and often almost equalling the calyx-teeth ; plant bright green. 12. T. lividum. FABACEAE. 201 Bracts slightly, if at all, exceeding the calyx-tube, distinctly scarious- margined and abruptly contracted into a long acumination ; plant grayish. 13. T. dasyphyllum. Heads more or less involucrate by more or less united bracts. Plants low, cespitose ; stem scapiform ; bracts united only at the base. Bracts lanceolate to linear-subulate; leaflets entire (see No. 9-13). Bracts oblong, oval, ovate or obovate ; leaflets dentate. Banner long-acute, much exceedings the wings. 14. T. salictoium. Banner blunt, slightly exceeding the wings. 15. T. Parryi. Plants with elongated leafy stem ; bracts united to a monophyllous involucre. Corolla 12-15 nim. long. 16. T. Fendleri. Corolla about 10 mm. long. 17. T. o.rydon. 1. Trifolium pratensis L. Cultivated and escaped along roads, around dwellings and in waste places from Newf. and B. C. to Colo, and Calif. — Ft. Collins. 2. Trifolium Rusbyi Greene. In meadows from Colo, to Ariz, and Calif. — Mancos. 3. Trifolium Rydbergii Greene. (T. longipes A. Gray and Coult, in part; not Nutt.) In meadows from Mont, and Ida. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains ; mountain near Veta Pass ; Pearl ; Elk River, Routt Co. ; West Indian Creek ; Gore Pass ; Dolores; Holdredge's ranch. North Park; Camp Creek. 4. Trifolium repens L. Cultivated and escaped in waste places and mead- ows from Newf. to B. C. to Fla. and Calif. — Alt. up to 7000 ft. — Cucharas Valley, near La Veta. 5. Trifolium nanum Torr. In the mountains from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. 9000-14,000 ft. — Mt. Evans ; Lake City ; Pike's Peak ; near Empire ; Carson ; Gray's Peak ; mountains above Como ; West Spanish Peak ; Hayden Peak ; near Pagosa Peak ; Cameron Pass ; Berthoud Pass. 6. Trifolium Brandegei S. Wats. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. up to 12,500 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak ; Cumberland Basin, La Plata Mountains. 7. Trifolium subcaulescens A. Gray. (T. nemorale Greene) In dry soil in Colo, and N. M. — ^Los Pinos ; Glenwood Springs ; Mancos. 8. Trifolium gymnocarpon Nutt. In arid places from Wyo. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. up to 8000 ft. — North Park ; Cerro Summit. 9. Trifolium stenolobum Rydb. On alpine peaks of Colo. — Alt. 9000- 12,000 ft. — Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains ; Upper La Plata Cafion ; near fronton, San Juan Co. 10. Trifolium attenuatum Greene. On alpine peaks of Colo. — Alt. about 11,500 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak. 11. Trifolium bacteolatum Rydb. (T. lilaciniim Rydb.; not Greene; S. petraeum Greene) On mountain peaks of southern Colo. — Alt. 9000-10,000 ft. — West Spanish Peak. 12. Trifolium lividum Rydb. On alpine peaks of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. — Massif de I'Arapahoe; Graymont; Alpine Tunnel. 13. Trifolium dasyphyllum Torr. On alpine peaks from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. 7000-13,000 ft. — Berthoud Pass; Eldora to Baltimore; Lake City; Pike's Peak ; Hinsdale Co. ; headwaters of Clear Creek ; Cameron Pass ; Bald Mountain ; Mt. Harvard ; Silver Plume ; mountains above Boreas ; Twin Lakes ; mountains of Larimer Co. ; Flat Top Mountains, Routt Co. ; 202 FABACEAE. mountains soutli of Ward, Boulder Co. ; Devil's Causeway ; above Beaver Crcfk ; Lcroux Crock; Twin Lakes; Spiccr. 14. Trifolium salictorum Greene. Mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 12,000 ft. — Carson. 15. Trifolium Parryi A. Gray. In the mountains of Wyo., Utah and Colo. — Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft. — Twin Lakes ; headwaters of Clear Creek ; Tennes- see Pass, seven miles west of Leadville ; Cameron Pass ; Buena Vista, Chaf- fee Co. ; Marshall Pass ; mountains above Boreas ; Estes Park ; Silver Plume; Gray's Peak; Robinson; Chambers' Lake; Graymont; Leroux Creek; above Beaver Creek; Berthoud Pass. 16. Trifolium Fendleri Greene. In meadows from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. up to 8000 ft. — Wahatoya Creek ; Gunnison ; La Veta; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Buena Vista; along the Conejos River, north of Antonito; Monte Vista. 17. Trifolium oxyodon Greene. In meadows from Colo, to Ariz. — Alt. up to 7700 ft. — Gunnison. 5. MEDICAGO L. Alfalfa, Lucerne, Medic. I. Medicago sativa L. Cultivated from Europe and escaped from Me. and Ida. to Va. and Utah. — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Colorado Springs ; Ft. Collins ; Boulder. 6. MELILOTUS Juss. Sweet Clover. Corolla white; banner a little longer than the wings. i. M. alba. Corolla yellow ; banner about equalling the wings. 2. M. officinalis. 1. Melilotus alba Desv. In waste places from N. S. and D. C. to Ida. and Nev. Naturalized from Europe; also cultivated. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Cucharas Valley, near La Veta. 2. Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. In waste places from N. S. and La. to Ida. and Colo. Naturalized from Europe; occasionally cultivated for bees.^Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Ft. Collins ; Boulder. 7. ANISOLOTUS Bernh. Bird's-foot Treefoil. I. Anisolotus Wrightii (A. Gray) Rydb. (Hosackia Wrightii A. Gray) In dry soil from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Dolores; Mancos. 8. ROBINIA L. Locust-tree. I. Robinia neo-mexicana A. Gray. Along streams from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Trinidad; Walsenburg; La Veta; Denver. 9. PETERIA A. Gray. I. Peteria scoparia A. Gray. Drj' regions from Colo, and Utah to N. M. and Ariz. — La Plata Valley (Brandcgee). 10. GEOPRUMNON Rydb. Buffalo Beans, Ground Plums. Corolla yellowish white, with purple-keel ; leaflets oval or obovate. I. G. succulentum. Corolla purple ; leaflets oblong to linear. 2. G. crassicarpum. FABACEAE. 203 1. Geoprumnon succulentum (Richardson) Rydb. (Astragalus succulentus Richardson; A. prunifer Rydb.) On plains and hills from Sask. and Mont, to S. D. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Ft. Collins; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Colorado Springs; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Walsenburg; bank of Cache la Poudre; Horsetooth Gulch; Velmont. 2. Geoprumnon crassicarpum (Nutt.) Rydb. {Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt. ; A. caryocarpus Ker) On prairies and plains from Man. and Mont, to Mo. and Tex. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Plains near Denver; South Park; Lamar; Ft. Collins; Howe's Gulch. II. ASTRAGALUS L. Loco Weed, Milk Vetch. Plants cespitose, subscapose, villous-pubescent ; pods sulcata on both sutures. Pod glabrous, deeply sulcata. i. A. mollissimus. Pod villous, slightly sulcata. Calyx densely villous; leaflets 6-12 pairs. 2. A. Bigelovii. Calyx sparingly nigrescent ; leaflets 3-6 pairs. 3. A. anisus. Plants with elongated leafy stems. Pods not sulcate or slightly so on the lower suture, round or nearly so in cross-section. Bracts linear-lanceolate, long-attenuate ; the lower almost as long as the calyces ; calyx-teeth all narrow, subulate, fully half as long as the tube ; pod glabrous. 4- A. canadensis. Bracts ovate to lanceolate, scarcely half as long as the calyces ; calyx-teeth short, less than half as long as the tube ; the upper broader ; pod more or less hairy. 5- A. oreophilus. Pod deeply sulcate on the lower suture, cordate or triangular in cross-section. Pod with appressed gray or black pubescence. Corolla purple or pink, seldom white ; calyx-teeth much shorter than the tube. 6. A. nitidus. Corolla sulphur-yellow ; calyx-teeth almost equalling the tube. 7. A. sulphiirescens. Pod villous with long spreading hairs. Corolla ochroleucous ; bracts broadly spatulate, very obtuse. 8. A. virgultatits. Corolla purple ; bracts ovate-lanceolate or oblong, often acutish. 9. A. goniatus. 1. Astragalus mollissimus Torn On prairies from Neb. and Wyo. to Tex. and N. M. — At. 4000-5000 ft. — Ft. Collins; Lamar. 2. Astragalus Bigelovii A. Gray. In dry soil from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz.; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Grand Junction. 3. Astragalus anisus Jones. On dry mesas of Colo. — Pueblo. 4. Astragalus canadensis L. Among bushes and in meadows from Que. and B. C. to Fla. and Calif.— Alt. 4000-5000 ft— La Veta; Roswell; Lower Boulder Cafion, Boulder Co.; Ft. Collins; Poudre flats; between Ft. Col- lins and La Porte; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; along Conejos River. 5. Astragalus oreophilus Rydb. (A. Mortonii Coulter, in part; not Nutt.) Among bushes in Colo. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Pagosa Springs; mountains, Larimer Co.; Wahatoya Creek; Trimble Springs, above Durango; Stove Prairie, Larimer Co. ; plains and foot-hills near Boulder ; Walsenburg. 6. Astragalus nitidus Dougl. {A. adsurgens Hook., and Am. auth. ; not Pall.) On hills and plains from Minn., Sask. and Alb. to Colo, and Oregon. — Alt. 4000-11,000 ft. — South Park; Manitou Springs; Platte River; Chey- 204 FABACF.AIL. ennc Canon; Walsenburg; Little Veta Mountain; Colorado Springs; Mt. Harvard; west of Soldier Caiion ; La Porte; Como; RedclifTe. 7. Astragalus sulphurescens Rydb. On hills and mountains of Colo. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Boulder Caiion; Georgetown; Platte River, Denver; Estes Park; vicinity of Como; Long Gulch; near Boulder; Empire. 8. Astragalus virgultatus Sheld. (A. hypoglottis bracteosiis Osterh.) In mountain meadows of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Boulder; Gunnison. 9. Astragalus goniatus Nutt. {A. hypoglottis polyspermus T. & G. ; A. hypoglottis Richard.'^on ; not L.) In meadows and river valleys from Sask. and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Boulder ; Valmont ; Ala- mosa ; Parlin, Gunnison Co. ; Cimarron ; Salida ; butte five miles southwest of La Veta ; Ft. Collins ; Dillon ; Buena Vista ; Arboles ; Cucharas River, below La Veta ; Pagosa Springs ; Stove Prairie, Larimer Co. ; near La Plata Post Office ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Table Rock ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Do- lores ; Como ; Colorado City. 12. HAMOSA Medic. Plant acaulescent, silvery-white. i. A. scaposa. Plant caulescent, not silvery. Pods curved. 2. H. Nuttalliana. Pods straight. 3- H. leptocarpa. 1. Hamosa scaposa (A. Gray) Rydb. {Astragalus scaposus A. Gray.) On dry hills from Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz. — McElmo Cafion. 2. Hamosa Nuttalliana (DC.) Rydb. {A. Nuttallianus DC.) In dry soil from Colo, and Ark. to Tex. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Palisades. 3. Hamosa leptocarpa (T. & G.) Rydb. {A. Icptocarpus T. & G.) In dry soil from Tex. to Colo. — Lake Citv. 13. CYSTIUM Stev. I. Cystium diphysum (A. Gray) Rydb. {Astragalus diphysus A. Gray) On hills from Colo, and Utah to N. M. and Ariz. — " Southwestern Colo- rado" {Brandegee) ; exact locality not given. 14. TIUM Medic. Stipe equalling or exceeding the calyx ; pod not incurved. Pods not black-hairy ; corolla white or ochroleucous. Plant villous: pod cordate in cross-section. i. T. Drummondii. Plant appressed-pubescent or glabrous ; pod more or less triangular or inverted V-shaped in cross-section. Calyx not black-hairy ; pod straight. 2. T. racemosum. Calyx black-hairy : pod arcuate. 3. T. scopulorum. Pod black-hairy ; corolla purple. 4. T. alpinum. Stipe shorter than the calyx or almost none ; pod incurved. Pod mottled; plant green. 5. T. sparsifloruni. Pod not mottled ; plant cinereous. Pod appressed-pubescent. 6. T. huministratum. Pod hirsute-villous with spreading hairs. 7. T. desperatum. FABACEAE. 205 1. Tium Drummondii (Dougl.) Rydb. (Astragalus Drummondii Dougl.) On hills, plains and valleys from Sask. and Alb. to Neb. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Southeast of La Veta; Cimarron; La Veta; Cheyenne Caiion; Ft. Collins; Colorado Springs; Horsetooth Gulch; east of Soldier Caiion; Boulder. 2. Tium racemosum (Pursh) Rydb. {Astragalus racemosus Pursh.) On plains and hills, N. D. to Kans. and N. M.— Oak Creek; Apishipa Creek, Otero Co. ; east of Soldier Cafion. 3. Tium scopulorum (Porter) Rydb. {Astragalus scopulorum Porter; A. rasus Sheldon) On hills and open woods in the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft.— Grand Junction; Mancos; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Los Pinos; Cerro Summit; Cimarron; Dolores. 4. Tium alpinum (L.) Rydb. {Astragalus alpinus L.) In the moun- tains and in open woodlands from Lab. and Alaska to Vt. and Colo. — Alt. 6000-11,000 ft. — Lake City; Boulder Canon; near Empire; Carson; Twin Lakes; Veta Pass; North Park; Twin Lake Creek; near La Plata Post Office; Mt. Harvard; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Como, South Park; Piedra ; North Park, near Teller; Leroux Park; Michigan River; Chambers' Lake ; Graymont. 5. Tium sparsiflorum (A. Gray) Rydb. {Astragalus sparsiHorus A. Gray) In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Cascade Canon. 6. Tium huministratum (A. Gray) Rydb. {Astragalus huministratus A. Gray) In the mountains from Colo, and Utah to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. about 7000 ft.— Los Pinos. 7. Tium desperatum (Jones) Rydb. {Astragalus dcsperatus Jones) In the mountains of Colo, and Utah. — Grand Canon. 15. ATELOPHRAGMA Rydb. Pods stipitate, flat. Pod long-stipitate, glabrous, at least in age. i. A. aboriginum. Pod short-stipitate, hairy. 2. A. Macounii. Pod sessile, more turgid. Racemes many-flowered ; leaflets oblong : septum narrow. Racemes elongated ; pod short obovate. 3. A. elegans. Racemes short ; pod oblong. 4- A. Shearis. Racemes few-flowered ; leaflets linear ; septum broad. 5. A. Brandegei. 1. Atelophragma aboriginum (Richardson) Rydb. {Phaca aboriginorum Richardson) On mountain sides and in open woods from Alb. and Yukon to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Mountain near Veta Pass. 2. Atelophragma Macounii Rydb. {Astragalus Macouni Rydb.) In the mountains from Alb. and B. C. to Colo. — Exact locality not given. 3. Atelophragma elegans (Hook.) Rydb. {Phaca elegans Hook.; Astra- galus oroboides americanus A. Gray) In the mountains from Que., Sask. and Idaho to Colo. — Alt. 7000-13,000 ft. — Georgetown; Mt. Lincoln; Lake City; headwaters of Clear Creek; near Empire; South Park; Mancos; North Park; Empire. 4. Atelophragma Shearis Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Twin Lakes. 5. Atelophragma Brandegei (Porter) Rydb. {Astragalus Brandegei Por- ter) In the mountains from Colo, and Utah to Ariz. — Alt. about 6500 ft. — Arkansas River bluffs; Pleasant Valley. 20«) FABACEAE. i6. JONESIELLA Rydb. I. Jonesiella asclepiadoides (Jones) Rydb. (Astragalus asclcpiadoidcs Jones) In arid soil of Colo, and Utah. — Southeast of Hotchkiss; Grand Junction. 17. PHACOPSIS Rydb. Plant perfectly glabrous; leaflets oval, retuse or obtuse. i. P. praelongus. Plant hispiduloiis-strigose on the upper part of the stem and the lower surface of the leaves. 2. P. Pattersonii. 1. Phacopsis praelongus (Sheldon) Rydb. {A. procerus A. Gray) From Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 2500-6500 ft. — Arboles; Cimarron. 2. Phacopsis Pattersonii (A. Gray) Rydb. {A. Pattersonii A. Gray) On plains and open ground in Colo, and Utah. — Alt. up to 7000 ft. — Mancos ; Wolcott. Eagle Co. ; Grand River Canon ; Hotchkiss ; Grand Junction ; Ridgeway. 18. XYLOPHACOS Rydb. Pod short-hairy or glabrous. Plant villous; both of the sutures inflexed. i. X. Parryi. Plant cinereous ; none of the sutures or only the dorsal one inflexed. Pod at first somewhat fleshy, in age spongy ; plant acaulescent. 2. X. pygmaeus. Pod coriaceous. Pods straight or nearly so. Pods when mature somewhat compressed laterally. 3. X. missouriensis. Pods when mature compressed vertically. 4. X. vespertinus. Pods more or less curved. Pods obtuse at the base ; dorsal suture strongly inflexed ; leaves white- silky on both sides. 5. X. Shortianus. Pods tapering at both ends. Pod over 3 cm. long ; upper suture strongly arched ; calyx-teeth short, triangular. 6. X. amphioxus. Pod less than 3 cm. long ; upper suture straight or slightly curved ; calyx-teeth linear-subulate. 7. X. uintensis. Pod long-hairy, densely villous ; corolla yellow or keel purple. Leaflets broadly obovate, appressed-silky. 8. X. Newberryi. Leaflets elliptic or oblanceolate, long-villous. 9. X. Purshii. 1. Xylophacos Parryi (A. Gray) Rydb. (Astragalus Parryi A. Gray) On mountain ridges of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Near Empire; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Ft. Collins; Wahatoya Cafion; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; headwaters of Pass Creek; Estes Park; Bijou Basin ; Platte Canon ; Rist Canon ; Chambers' Lake ; vicinity of Como ; near Boulder. 2. Xylophacos pygmaeus (Nutt.) Rydb. (Phaca pygmaea Nutt. ; A. chamaeluce A. Gray ; A. Cicadac Jones) Dry hills and arid plains of Colo., Wyo. and Utah. — Grand Junction. 3. Xylophacos missouriensis (Nutt.) Rydb. (A. Missouriensis Nutt.) On plains from Sask. and Mont, to Kans. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Ft. Collins; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Arboles; Walsenburg; river bluflfs north of La Veta ; mesas near Pueblo ; Turkey Creek and tributaries ; Grand Junction. FABACEAE. 207 4. Xylophacos vespertinus (Sheld.) Rydb. (A. vespertinus Sheld.) In arid places of W. Colo, and N. Mex. — Grand Junction. 5. Xylophacos Shortianus (Nutt.) Rydb. {A. Shortianus Nutt.) On plains and dry hills from western Neb. and Wyo. to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Ute Pass; plains near Denver; Clear Creek Cafion; Ft. Col- lins ; Rist Canon ; Spring Canon ; west of Dixon Canon ; Hotchkiss ; Table Rock ; Soldier Cafion ; vicinity of Horsetooth ; Grand Junction ; north of La Porte; near Boulder; Sapinero ; Arboles. 6. Xylophacos amphioxus (A. Gray) Rydb. {A. amphioxus A. Gray) On dry plains and hills from southwestern Colo, to Utah and Ariz. — Exact locality not given. 7. Xylophacos uintensis (Jones) Rydb. {Astragalus Uintensis Jones) On dry mesas from Colo, to Utah and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Mancos; mesas near Pueblo ; Cimarron ; Grand Junction. 8. Xylophacos Newberryi A. Gray. Dry hills from southwestern Colo, and Utah to N. M. and Ariz. — Exact locality not given. 9. Xylophacos Purshii Dougl. On plains and hills from Mont, and B. C. to northern Colo, and Calif. — Along North Platte. 19. CTENOPHYLLUM Rydb. I. Ctenophyllum pectinatum (Hook.) Rydb. (Phaca pcctinata Hook.; Astragalus pectinatus Dougl.) On dry plains from Alb. and Sask. to Kans. and Colo. — Ft. Collins. 20. CNEMIDOPHACOS Rydb. I. Cnemidophacos flavus (Nutt.) Rydb. {Astragalus Aavus Nutt.) On dry mesas from Wyo. to N. M. — Alt. about 6000 ft. — Grand Junction; Man- cos ; Arboles. 21. MICROPHACOS Rydb. I. Microphacos microlobus (A. Gray) Rydb. {Astragalus microlobus A. Gray) On plains and hills from S. D. and Mont, to Kans. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Ft. Collins; Walsenburg; New Windsor; mesas near Pueblo; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Denver; Colorado City. 22. DIHOLCOS Rydb. Corolla over i cm. long ; calyx-teeth nearly as long as the tube. Corolla purplish or pinkish; pod strigose. i. D. bisulcatus. Corolla whitish ; pod glabrous. 2. D. decalvans. Corolla whitish or straw color, less than i cm. long ; calyx-teeth much shorter than the tube. 3. D. Haydenianus. 1. Diholcos bisulcatus (Hook.) Rydb. {Phaca bisulcata Hook.; Astragalus bisulcatus A. Gray) On plains and in river valleys from Sask. and Mont, to Neb. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Pueblo; between La Veta and Gardner; Ft. Collins; mesas near Pueblo; Lamar; Spring Canon; Platte River; Colorado Springs. 20S FABACEAE. 2. Diholcos decalvans (Gandoger) Rydb. (A. bisulcatus decalvans Gan- doger) River vallcjs of Colo. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — New Windsor, Weld Co.; Ft. Collins; Dixon Canon; Quimby. 3. Diholcos Haydenianus (A. Gray) Rydb. (A. Haydcnianus A. Gray) In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Rio Blanco, south of Pagosa; Mancos; Pagosa Springs; Montrose; La Veta ; Gunnison; Ridgeway. 23. KENTROPHYTA Nutt. Stipules united only at the base, more or less herbaceous. Plants 3-4 dm. high, usually erect ; stipules with long spinulose tips. 2. K. impeusa. Plant low ; stipules not spinulose-tipped. 3. K. viridis. Stipules united for about half their length, scarious. Corolla ochroleucous, about 4 mm. long ; leaflets less than 5 mm. long. 4. K. IVolfii. Corolla purple, about 6 mm. long; leaflets over 5 mm. long. 5. K. aculeata. 1. Kentrophyta impensa (Sheldon) Rydb. (Astragalus viridis impensus Sheldon; A. Kentrophyta elatus S. Wats.) In canons and bad-lands from Colo, to Nev. and Ariz. — Grand River Canon. 2. Kentrophyta viridis Nutt. {Astragalus Kentrophyta A. Gray, in part.) In canons and bad-lands of W3'0. and Colo. — Palisades. 3. Kentrophyta Wolfii Rydb. (Homalobus IVolfii Rydb.) On dry hills of Colo. — South Park. 4. Kentrophyta aculeata (A. Nels.) Rydb. (A. tegetarius implexus Canby; A. aculeatus A. Nels.) On dry hills and mountains from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Chambers' Lake; Georgetown. 24. HOMALOBUS Nutt. Leaves simple or some rarely pinnately 3-foliolate ; plants pulvinate-cespitose. SiMPLICIFOLII. Leaves pinnately s-many-foliolate. Pods sessile or short-stipitate ; stipe seldom exceeding the calyx. Pods more or less compressed. Pods oval, ovate, broadly oblong or elliptical Tenelli. Pods linear, 1.5 cm. or more long. Campestres. Pods terete or nearly so. Flexuosi. Pods long-stipitate ; stipe many times as long as the calyx. Macrocarpi. SiMPLICIFOLII. One species. i. H. caespitosns. Tenelli. Pods strictly sessile. Pods erect on long pedicels. 2. A. grallator. Pods spreading or reflexed on short pedicels. Pods glabrous ; plant canescent. 3. H. Wingatanus. Pods hairy ; plant green. 4. H. dementis. Pods short-stipitate. Leaflets broadly linear or oblong ; corolla ochroleucous. 5. H. tenellus. Leaflets narrowly linear ; corolla whitish, tinged with purple. 6. H. acerbus. Campestres. Calyx-teeth lanceolate to subulate, half as long as the tube or longer. Pods arcuate. 7. H. decnmbens. Pods straight. FABACEAE. 209 Leaflets linear or linear-oblong, acute, ascending. Leaflets narrowly linear, silvery-canescent. Low and very cespitose, 1-2 dm. high; pods about 1.5 cm. long; keel with a Tery narrow end. 8. H. camporum. Tall, 3-4 dm. high, more simple ; pods 2-2.5 cm. long ; keel with a broader end. 9. H. canipesiris. Leaflets oblong or lanceolate, strigose but not canescent ; terminal leaflet longer, tapering into the rachis without a distinct articulation ; racemes long and lax. 10. H. decnrrens. Leaflets, at least of the lower leaves, oval or elliptical, spreading. II. H. hylophilus. Calyx-teeth triangular, Ya-Ys as long as the tube; leaflets linear. Low, depressed; pods 12-15 mm. long, sessile. 12. H. tenuifolius. Taller, 2 dm. or more high; pods over 15 mm. long, often slightly stipitate. 13. H. junciforniis. Flexugsi. Pod oblong, over 5 mm. in diameter. Inflorescence short; flowers about 15 mm. long; pod glabrous. 14. H. Hallii. Inflorescence elongated and lax; flowers about 10 mm. long; pod pubescent. 15. H. Fendleri. Pod linear, 2-3 mm. thick. Pod abruptly contracted into a short or obsolete stipe. Stem decumbent; stipe minute or obsolete. 16. H. flexuosus. Stem erect; stipe almost equalling the calyx. 17, H. proximus. Pod gradually tapering into the short stipe. 18. H. Salidae. Macrocarpi. One species. 19. H. macrocarpus 1. Homalobus caespitosus Nutt. {Astragalus caespitostis A. Gray.) On dry hills from Ass. and Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Livermore, Larimer Co. ; north of La Porte. 2. Homalobus grallator (S. Wats.) Rydb. (A. grallator S. Wats.) On river banks from Colo, to Nev. — Steamboat Springs. 3. Homalobus wingatanus (S. Wats.) Rydb. {A. Wingatantis S. Wats.) On dry hills in S. Colo, and N. Mex. — Mancos. 4. Homalobus Clementis Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Marshall Pass ; Sangre de Cristo ; Big Creek Gulch. 5. Homalobus tenellus (Pursh) Britton. (Astragalus tenellus Pursh ; As- tragalus viultiHorus (Pursh) A. Gray) On plains and hills from Minn., Sask. and Yukon to Neb., Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Near Empire; Ward, Boulder Co. ; Swallows, between Caiion City and Pueblo ; Estes Park; near mouth of Leroux Creek; Middle Park; Ft. Collins; near Boul- der; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Marshall Pass. 6. Homalobus acerbus (Sheld.) Rydb. (A. acerbus Sheld.) In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Glenwood Springs. 7. Homalobus decumbens Nutt. {A. dccumhcns A. Gray) In the moun- tains of Colo, and Wyo. — Steamboat Springs. 8. Homalobus camporum Rydb. On plains and hills from Alb. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; North Park. 9. Homalobus campestris Nutt. {A. campestris A. Gray; A. convallarius Greene) On plains from Mont, and B. C. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. up to 14 210 FABACEAE. 10,000 ft. — Lake City; Canon City; Come, South Park; Big South; Stove Prairie Hill; Gore Pass; Rabbit-Ear Range; North Park; Estes Park; forks of Poudre and Big South ; mountains of Larimer Co. ; Pinkham Creek. ID. Homalobus decurrens Rydb. On wooded hills in Colo. — Alt. 8000- 10,000 ft. — Estes Park; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Como; Stove Prairie Hill. 11. Homalobus hylophilus Rydb. On wooded hillsides from Mont, and Ida. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. about 8000 ft.— Cerro Summit ; North Park, near Teller; Leadville; Empire. 12. Homalobus tenuifolius Nutt. Erom the Canadian Rockies to the mountains of Colo. — Lake City. 13. Homalobus junciformis (A. Nels.) Rydb. (Astragalus junciformis A. Nels.) On dry plains and hills from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Glenwood Springs ; Cedar Edge. 14. Homalobus Hallii (A. Gray) Rydb. {Astragalus Hallii A. Gray) In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — South Park; Garland; Como, South Park ; Leadville ; Alamosa ; Dolores ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Como, South Park ; Black Caiion. 15. Homalobus Fendleri (A. Gray) Rydb. {A. Fendleri A. Gray) On dry hills of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Mancos; Los Pinos. 16. Homalobus flexuosus (Dougl.) Rydb. (Pliaca Ucxnosa Hook; A. Aex- uosus Dougl.) On dry plains and hills from Minn., Sask. and Alb. to Kans. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — -Upper Arkansas ; South Park ; Los Pinos ; Salida; Gunnison; New Windsor; Buena Vista; Veta Pass; Idaho Springs; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Cucharas River, below La Veta; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch ; Ft. Collins ; northwest of Soldier Caiion ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Almelia ; Estes Park ; near Boulder ; Em- pire. 17. Homalobus proximus Rydb. On dry hills of Colo.- — Arboles. 18. Homalobus Salidae Rydb. On hills in Colo. — Salida. 19. Homalobus macrocarpus (A Gray) Rydb. (Phaca macrocarpa A. Gray; A. lonchocarpus Torn) In open woods from Colo, and Utah to N. M. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Pagosa Springs ; Thompson Park, La Plata Moun- tains; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Arboles; Durango. 25. PHACA L. Upper suture not acute ; pod circular or oval in cross-section. Pod short-stipitate. Pod not mottled, erect or ascending. Pod ashy, with minute white hairs. 11. P. Wetherillii. Pod glabrous. i. P. Eastwoodiae. Pod mottled, spreading or reflexed. Leaflets linear or none ; plant grayish-pubescent. Terminal leaflet none, represented by the much produced rachis ; lateral leaflets also often absent. 2. P. longifolia. Leaflets present ; rachis not produced. 3. P. picta. Leaflets broadly oval or obcordate ; plant glabrous. 4. P. artipes. Pod sessile. FABACEAE. 211 Pod over 1.2 cm. long. Pod 2-2.5 cm. long ; corolla ochroleucous. 5. P. Candolleana. Pod 12-15 ni"i- long; corolla purple. 6. P. cerussata. Pod 3-12 mm. long. Pod ovoid ; plant 3-6 dm. high ; raceme many-flowered. 7. P. Bodinii. Pods ellipsoid ; plant usually less than 3 dm. high ; raceme few-flowered. Plant cespitose ; stem slender, 1-2 dm. high, slender; leaflets 0.5-1 cm. long. 8. P. pauciHora. Plant pulvinate-cespitose, almost stemless ; leaflets minute. 9. P. humillima. Upper suture of the pod straight or curved upwards, acute ; pod in cross-section obovate. lo. P. elatiocarpa. 1. Phaca Eastwoodiae (Jones) Rydb. {Astragalus Preussii sulcatus Jones; A. Easlzvoodiae Jones) In Utah and Colo. — Westwater. 2. Phaca longifolia (Pursh) Nutt. {A. pictus Ulifolius A. Gray) On sandy soil from S. D. and Wyo. to Colo, and N. M. — Salida ; Manitou ; Mani- tou Junction. 3. Phaca picta A. Gray. {A. pictus foliosus A. Gray) In sandy soil from Colo, and Utah to N. M. — Denver; Colorado Springs. 4. Phaca artipes (A. Gray) Rydb. {Astragalus artipes A. Gray) In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Cerro Summit ; Cedar Edge ; Leroux Creek. 5. Phaca Candolleana H. B. K. {Astragalus triAorus A. Gray) In dry places from Colo, to N. M. and Calif. ; also Mex. — Caiion City. 6. Phaca cerussata (Sheld.) Rydb. {Astragalus ccrusatus Sheld.) Moun- tain sides in Colo. — Cation City, Fremont Co. 7. Phaca Bodinii (Sheld.) Rydb. {Astragalus Bodinii Sheld.) In val- leys from Mont, to Neb. and Colo.— Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — North Park, Larimer Co. 8. Phaca pauciflora Nutt. {A. leptaleus A. Gray) In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Mt. Harvard; North Park, Larimer Co.; Como, South Park ; Gunnison ; Laramie River. 9. Phaca humillima (A. Gray) Rydb. {A. humillimus A. Gray) On arid table-lands of Colo.— Mesa Verde, near Mancos River. 10. Phaca elatiocarpa (Sheld.) Rydb. {Astragalus lotiAorus brachypus A. Gray; A. elatiocarpus Sheld.) On plains from Minn, to Ass. to Mo., Tex. and Calif. — Cafion City; Colorado Springs. 11. Phaca Wetherillii (Jones) Rydb. {Astragalus Wetherillii Jones) Dry hills and mesas of Colo. — Grand Junction. 26. OROPHACA Britton. Densely cespitose; flowers 8-10 mm. long; inflorescence not exceeding the leaves. Flowers about 10 mm. long; pods puberulent. i. O. tridactylica. Flowers about 8 mm. long ; pods hoary. 2. O. aretioides. Broadly cespitose with prostrate branches ; flowers about 6 mm. long ; peduncles usually exceeding the leaves ; pods hoary. 3. O. sericea. I. Orophaca tridactylica (A. Gray) Rydb. {Astragalus tridactylicus A. Gray) On plains and hills of Colorado. — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Livermore; St. Vrain's Canon; Ft. Collins; plains near Denver; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins; east of Black's Lake; near New Windsor. 212 FABACEAE. 2. Orophaca aretioides (Jones) Rydb. {Astragalus scricoleucus aretioides Jones) On dry liills and plains of Wyo. and Colo.— Alt. about 5000 ft.— Ft. Collins ; vicinity of Horsetooth ; plains near Denver. 3. Orophaca sericea (Nutt.) Britton. {Fhaca scriccus Nutt. ; A. scricoleu- cus A. Gray) On plains and hills from Neb. to Wyo. and Colo. — Julesburg. 27. ARAGALLUS Necker. O.wtrope, Loco-weed. Stipules adnate to the petioles only slightly at the base ; pods pendant, i-celled, many times exceeding the calyx. i. A. deflexus. Stipules decidedly adnate to the petioles ; pods not pendant. Leaves strictly pinnate ; leailets opposite. Fruiting calyx inflated, enclosing the fruit ; plants densely cespitose, less than 1. 5 dm. high. 2. A. midticeps. Fruiting calyx not inflated, much exceeded by the pod. Inflorescence 1-3-flowered ; plants dwarf, pulvinate. Pods inflated, i -celled, ovoid. 3. A. Hallii. Pods not inflated, oblong, almost 2-celled. 4. A. Parryi. Inflorescence many-flowered; plants mostly over 1.5 dm. high and pod oblong, not inflated. Corolla purple, rarely white. Leaflets linear or linear-lanceolate, not silvery-canescent. 5. A. Lambertii. Leaflets oblong-lanceolate to oval, silvery-canescent. 6. A. sericeus. Corolla yellow or white with a purple spot on the keel. Flowers 12-15 mm. long; pods semi-membranaceous. 7. A. monticola. Flowers 18-25 mm. long; pods coriaceous. 8. A. albiftorus. Leaflets verticillate. 9. A. Richardsonii. 1. Aragallus deflexus (Pall.) Heller. {Oxytropis dcHexa (Pall.) DC.) In the mountains from Sask. and Alaska to N. M.— Alt. 6000-11,000 ft.— Near Empire; Lake City; Como, South Park; North Park, near Teller; George- town; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Sargent; Twin Lakes; Alamosa; Kremm- ling; Carson; North Park; Arboles; Dolores; along the Conejos River, north of Antonito ; Buena Vista ; Empire ; Hahn's Peak. 2. Aragallus multiceps (Nutt.) Heller. {Oxytropis multiceps Nutt.) On dry hills and mountains from western Neb. to Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000- 10,000 ft. — Table Rock; Calhan ; Manitou golf links; Colorado Springs. Aragallus multiceps minor (A. Gray) Rydb. {Oxytropis multiceps minor A. Gray) In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft.— Mountains be- tween Sunshine and Ward; Empire; mountains of Estes Park; headwaters of Clear Creek ; Caribou. 3. Aragallus Hallii (Bunge) Rydb. {Oxytropis Hallii Bunge) On high mountains of Colo. — Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft. — Little Veta Mountain. 4. Aragallus Parryi (A. Gray) Greene. {Oxytropis Parryi A. Gray) In high mountain valleys of Colo. — Georgetown. 5. Aragallus Lambertii (Pursh) Greene. (O. Lambertii Pursh) On plains, prairies, hills and table-lands from Minn, and Mont, to Mo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Boulder ; Colorado Springs ; Cheyenne Cafion ; headwaters of Pass Creek ; Cucharas River, below La Veta ; mesas near Colorado Springs; between Colorado Springs and Cripplfe Creek; Horsetooth Gulch ; Palmer Lake ; Howe's Gulch ; Poudre Flats ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; near Boulder; Eldora to Baltimore; Hardin's ranch; Table Rock. FABACEAE. 213 6. Aragallus sericeus (Nutt.) Greene. (Oxytropis sericea Nutt.) On hills and table-lands from N. D. and Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000- 9000 ft. — Estes Park ; Sargents ; La Veta ; Cimarron ; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch ; Platte Cafion ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Campton's ranch ; west of Rist Caiion ; Wray ; Pinkham Creek. 7. Aragallus monticola (A. Gray) Greene. (O. monticola A. Gray) On mountain ridges from Sask. and Wash, to Colo. — " Colorado " ; e.xact locality not given. 8. Aragallus albiflonis A. Nels. In mountain valleys of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-11,000 ft.^Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; butte five miles southvi'est of La Veta; Iron Mountain; Placer; Ft. Collins; Buena Vista; Chambers' Lake ; west of Rist Cafion ; Palmer Lake ; Pennock's mountain ranch ; Campton's ranch, North Poudre. 9. Aragallus Kichardsonii (Hook.) Greene. {Oxytropis splendens Richardsonii Hook.) In mountain valleys from Sask. and Yukon to Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — North Park; Georgetown; Middle Park; Como, South Park ; mountain near Veta Pass ; Twin Lakes ; Indian Creek Pass ; Arkansas Junction, near Leadville; Eldora to Baltimore; Empire. 28. GLYCYRRHIZA L. Wild Liquorice. I. Glycyrrhiza lepidota Nutt. Among bushes and in rich meadows from Ont. and Wash, to N. Y. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Colorado Springs; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Alamosa; Grand Junction; Huerfano Val- ley, near Gardner; Arboles; Ft. Collins; Walcott; Pueblo; Denver; Poudre Cafion ; Rist Canon ; near Boulder. 29. AMORPHA L. False Indigo, Le.\d-pl.\nt. Tall shrub; leaflets 2-5 cm. long; pods usually 2-seeded. i. A. angustifolia. Low shrubs; leaflets 5-1.5 cm. long; pods i-seeded. Glabrous or nearly so ; spike usually solitary at the ends of the branches. 2/ A. nana. Densely canescent ; spikes usually clustered. 3. A. canescens. 1. Amorpha angustifolia (Pursh) Boynton. {A. fruticosa angustifolia Pursh; A. fruticosa James; not L.) Along streams from S. D. and Mont, to Fla. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Sterling, Logan Co. ; river flats and plains east of Ft. Collins. 2. Amorpha nana Nutt. {A. microphylla Pursh) On dry prairies from Man. to Iowa and Colo. — Palmer Lake. 3. Amorpha canescens Pursh. Sand-hills and prairies from Ind. and Man. to La., Tex. and Colo. — Along Platte River. 30. PSORALEA L. Pome Blanche, Indian Bread-root. Flowers small, less than 8 mm. long, in racemes or interrupted spikes ; root not tuberous. Flowers in racemes ; leaves not silvery. Racemes short and dense, elliptic or oblong; fruit globose, i. P. lanceolata. Racemes lax, more elongated ; fruit ovoid. 2. P. tenuiflora. Flowers in interrupted spikes ; leaves silvery. 3. P. argophylla. Flowers large, over i cm. long, in dense head-like spikes ; plant with a deep-seated tuberous, farinaceous root. 214 FABACEAE. Plants with long scattered hairs, not cinereous ; leaflets linear to obovate. 4. P. hypogaea. Plant cinereous, with short appressed pubescence ; leaflets broadly obovate or rounded-spatulate. S- P- mepltiiica. 1. Psoralea lanceolata Pursh. In sandy soil from Sask. to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Colorado Springs; Wray; Manitou Junction; La Veta. 2. Psoralea tenuiflora Pursh. On dry plains and hills from S. D. and Mont, to Ark. and Ariz.^Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Golden; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Canon City; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Eads; Crow Creek; Chey- enne Canon; Colorado Springs; Ft. Collins; plains and foot-hills near Boulder. 3. Psoralea argophylla Pursh. On plains and prairies from Wis. and Sask. to Mo. and N. M. — Denver. 4. Psoralea hypogea Nutt. On dry plains from Neb. and Colo, to Tex. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Denver; Colorado Springs. 5. Psoralea mephitica S. Wats. In arid soil from Colo, to N. M. and Calif. — Grand Junction. 31. PAROSELA Car. Perennials. Stem and leaves perfectly glabrous. Stem herbaceous ; bracts obovate, persistent, enclosing the calyx. 1. P. lasianthera. Stem low, suffruticose, branched ; spikes 2-6 flowered ; bracts ovate, deciduous. 2. P. formosa. Stem and leaves more or less hairy. Spike dense, crowded ; petals yellow, at least at first ; plant herbaceous. Leaves digitately tri-foliolate ; plant low and cespitose. 3. P. Jamesii. Leaves pinnately 3-7-folioIate. Leaflets of the stem-leaves at least only 3 ; petals turning purplish ; spike in fruit about 10 mm. thick. 4. P. elatior. Leaflets 5-7 ; petals not turning purple: spike in fruit about 15 mm. thick. 5. P. aurea. Spike lax ; petals purple. Leaves pinnately 3-13 foliolate ; stem scarcely spinose. 6. P. lanata. Leaves uni-foliolate or none ; plant very spiny. 7. P. spinosa. Annual ; leaves glabrous. 8. P. Dalea. 1. Parosela lasianthera (A. Gray) Heller. (Dalea lasianthera A. Gray) In dry soil from Colo, to Tex. and N. M. — Reported from Colorado, but doubtful. 2. Parosela formosa (Torr.) Vail. (Dalea formosa Torr.) In dry soil from Colo, and Utah to Tex. and Ariz. — Platte River. 3. Parosela Jamesii (T. & G.) Vail. (Dalea Jamesii T. & G. ; Parosela Porteri A. Nels.) In dry soil from Colo, to Tex. and N. M. — Alt. 4000- 6000 ft. — Rocky Ford, Otero Co.; Walsenburg; Cafion City; Florence. 4. Parosela elatior (A. Gray) Vail. (Dalea nana elatior A. Gray; D. rubescens S. Wats.) Dry places from Colo, to Tex. — " Southeastern Colo- rado." 5. Parosela aurea (Nutt.) Britton. (Dalea aurea Nutt.) On plains from S. D. to Texas.— "Northeastern Colorado." 6. Parosela lanata (Spreng.) Britton. (Dalea lanata Spreng.) In dry soil from Kans. and Utah to Tex. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — On the Platte. FABACEAE. 215 7. Parosela spinosa (A. Gray) Vail. (Dalea spinosa A. Gray) In arid places from Colo, to Calif, and Ariz. ; also Mex. — " Colorado " ; exact locality not given. 8. Parosela Dalea (L.) Britton. (Dalea alopecuroides Willd.) Prairies from 111. and Minn, to Tex. and Mex. — Denver {Eastwood) . 32. PETALOSTEMON Lam. Prairie Clover. Calyx glabrous; corolla white. ' i. P. oligophyllus. Calyx pubescent. Corolla white or yellow ; spike long and compact. 2. P. compactus. Corolla rose or purple, very rarely white. Leaflets usually 5. Stem and leaves glabrous or sparingly hairy. 3. P. purpureus. Stem rather densely short-hairy. 4. P. pubescens. Leaflets 7-17, oblong. 5. P. villosus. 1. Petalostemon oligophyllus (Torn) Rydb. (P. graciles oligophyllus Torr.) On plains from Ass. to Iowa, Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Ft. Collins ; east of Colorado Springs ; Cafion City ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Pueblo; Poudre River; Arkansas River; Fossil Creek ; Dixon Canon ; Boulder. 2. Petalostemon compactus (Spreng.) Sweezy. {Dalea compacta Spreng. ; P. macrostachyus Torr.) On dry plains from Neb. to Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Denver ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; near Timnath ; Ft. Collins. 3. Petalostemon purpureus (Vent.) Rydb. {P.violaccusW\Q.\\:x..) On plains and prairies from Ind., Sask. and Alb. to Mo. and N. M.— Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Colorado Springs; Boulder; La Porte, Larimer Co.; Sterling, Logan Co.; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Denver; Ft. Collins; Spring Canon; Horsetooth Gulch ; Boulder. 4. Petalostemon pubescens A. Nelson. Plains of Colo. — Berwind. 5. Petalostemon villosum Nutt. In sandy soil from Sask. and Mont, to Mo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Sterling, Logan Co. 33. HEDYSARUM L. Calyx-teeth shorter than the tube ; reticulations of the pod polygonal. 1. H. marginatum. Calyx-teeth longer than the tube ; reticulations of the pods transversely elongated, usually reaching from the middle to the margins, without cross-veins. Leaflets elliptic-oblong, not fleshy; flowers 12-15 mm. long, purple; bracts lan- ceolate-subulate, 3-5 mm. long; internodes of the fruit 3-5. 2. H. pabulare. Leaflets linear-oblong, somewhat fleshy; flowers about 10 mm. long, rose-purple; bracts lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm. long; internodes of the fruit 1-3. 3. H. carnosidum. 1. Hedysarum marginatum Greene. {H. uintahense A. Nels.) On wooded hillsides of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Near La Plata Post Office; Pagosa Springs ; Hesperus. 2. Hedysarum pabulare A. Nelson. {H. Bakeri Greene) On hills of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 6000-7000 ft.— -Mancos; Cimarron; Cafion City, Fre- mont Co. ; Dolores ; Palisades. 21() FAB ACE A E. 3. Hedysarum carnosulum Greene. On dry hills from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. — Canon City; Cedar Hills. 34. ONOBRYCHIS Scop. Sand-foin. I. Onobrychis Onobrychis (L.) Rydb. (O. saliva Lam.) Cultivated and occasionally escaped from Mont, to Colo.— Alt. about 8000 ft.— Walsenburg. 33. VICIA L. Vetch. Racemes 3-40-flowered ; flowers 1-2.5 cm. long. Leaves decidedly pubescent. Stipules semi-sagittate, not toothed. i. F. caespitosa. Stipules broadly semi-hastate, strongly toothed. 2. V. trifida. Leaves glabrous or sparingly pubescent when young. Leaflets linear or oblong to oval, not toothed. Leaflets oblong or linear, rather thick and strongly veined. Stipules narrowly semi-sagittate ; often entire. Leaflets elongated, narrowly linear ; plant low. 3. V. sparsifolia. Leaflets, at least the upper ones, oblong or linear-oblong ; plant tall, climbing. 4- F. dissitifolia. Stipules broadly semi-hastate or semi-orbicular in outline, sharply toothed. 5. V. oregana. Leaflets usually oval, thin and not strongly veined. 6. V. americana. Leaflets obovate-cuneate, truncate and toothed at the apex. 7. V. californica. Racemes 1-2-flowered ; flowers 5-6 mm. long. 8. V. producta. 1. Vicia caespitosa A. Nelson. In mountain valleys of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-7500 ft. — Dixon Caiion Creek ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Cache la Poudre ; Ft. Collin.s ; Manitou ; Colorado City. 2. Vicia trifida D. Dietr. In river valleys from Minn, and Mont, to Neb. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Mesas near Pueblo; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Veta Pass; butte five miles southwest of La Veta; mesas near Colorado Springs; Ft. Collins; Routt Co.; Campton's ranch, North Poudre; Moon's ranch ; Spring Caiion ; Empire. 3. Vicia sparsifolia Nutt. (Lathyrus linearis Nutt. ; V. linearis Greene) On prairies and in valleys from Man., Alb. and Ida. to Kans. and Calif.— Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Florissant; Denver; Arboles; Turkey Creek and tribu- taries; Roswell ; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Table Rock. 4. Vicia dissitifolia (Nutt.) Rydb. {Lathyrus dissitifolius Nutt.) In val- leys of Neb. and Colo.— Alt. 4000-9000 ft.— Lake City; Bob Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Colorado Springs; Mancos Canon; Roswell; Green Moun- tain Falls; Walcott; New Windsor; Dillon Caiion, Trinidad; Empire. 5. Vicia oregana Nutt. {V. Americana truncata Port. & Coult., in part.) On river banks from Minn., Sask. and Wash, to Kans. and Calif. — Alt. 4000- 10,000 ft. — Palmer Lake; Denver; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Upper La Plata Caiion; Mancos. 6. Vicia americana Muhl. On prairies and in rich river valleys from N. B. and Ida. to Va. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Cucharas River, below La Veta; North Cheyenne Caiion; Glenwood Springs; White River Plateau; Walsenburg; Walcott, Eagle Co.; Cerro Summit; southeast of Ouray; Big Creek Gulch ; Empire. 7. Vicia californica Greene. In river valleys from Calif, and Wyo. to Colo. — Alt. about 7500 ft. — A doubtful specimen from Ridgeway. FAB ACE AE. 217 8. Vicia producta Rydb. On gravelly hills and sides of canons from Colo, and Utah to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Butte five miles southwest of La Veta; Brantly Canon, Las Animas Co.; Spring Caiion. 34. LATHYRUS L. Velchling, Marsh Pea. Flowers less than 18 mm. long; corolla white. Leaflets oval to oblong. i. L. leiicanthits. Leaflets linear. • 2. L. arizonicus. Flowers about 2 cm. or more. Corolla purple. Stipules large and broad, about half as long as the leaflets. 3. L. utahensis. Stipules narrow, less than half as long as the leaflets. Leaflets elliptic to oval ; upper leaves at least with well deveoped tendrils. 4. L. decapetalus. Leaflets linear or nearly so ; tendrils reduced to cusps or small appendages. Plant glabrous or nearly so. 5. L. ornatus. Plant decidedly villous-pubescent. 6. L. incanus. Corolla white or yellowish. 7. L. laetivirens. 1. Lathynis leucanthus Rydb. Hillsides, among bushes and open woods, in Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 8000-11,000 ft. — Empire; Veta Pass; Ojo; above Mancos; Boulder; Tennessee Pass, Lake Co.; Pass Creek; mountain near Veta Pass; Rico, Dolores Co.; West Indian Creek; Los Pinos (Bayfield); North Park, near Teller ; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron ; Victoria ; Leroux Creek; Michigan Fork; Spicer. 2. Lathyrus arizonicus Britton. On wooded hillsides from Colo, to Ariz. — Alt. 8000-11,000 ft. — -West ]\Iancos Caiion; Mt. Hesperus; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Pass Creek; Iron Mountain; West Indian Creek. 3. Lathyrus utahensis Jones. In valleys of Utah and Colo. — Parrott; Durango. 4. Lathyrus decapetalus Pursh. On plains and table-lands from Colo, and Utah to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Cato; Cucharas River, below La Veta ; Calhan ; Mancos ; Palmer Lake ; Robinson ; Mancos Caiion ; Swal- lows, between Pueblo and Canon City ; Gunnison ; Sapinero. 5. Lathyrus ornatus Nutt. On prairies and plains, S. D. and Wyo. to Ind. Terr, and Colo. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Mesas near Colorado Springs; Dillon Caiion; along Conejos River, north of Antonito; Dolores; Colorado City. 6. Lathyrus incanus (Rydb. & Smith) Rydb. (L. ornatus incanus Rydb. & Smith.) On sandy plains from Neb. and Wyo. to Colo, and Utah.— Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Table Rock; Palmer Lake; Calhan. 7. Lathyrus laetivirens Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Cerro Summit; Steamboat Springs. Order 28. GERANIALES. Plants destitute of secreting glands or cells in the tissue. Styles united around a central column from which they break at maturity. Fam. 72. Geraniaceae. Styles distinct or permanently united. Styles distinct or partly united ; the tips and the stigmas free. Leaves simple ; stamens 5. 72- Linaceae. Leaves compound; stamens 10-15. 74. Oxalidaceae. Styles and stigmas permanently united. 75. Zygophyllaceae. Plants with secreting glands often in the leaves or only in the bark. 76. Rut.ace.ae. 21 S GERANIACEAE. l-'ainily 72. GERANIACEAE j. St. Hill. Ckraniu.m Fa.mii.v. Leaves in ours digitately divided or lobed ; tails of the ripening cari)cls dehiscent, merely arched, glabrous on the inner face. 1. Geranium. Leaves pinnatcly dissected; tails of the ripening carpels, if dehiscent, twisted below and bearded on the inner face. " 2. Erodium. I. GERANIUM L. Cranebill, Geranium. Petals 1-2 cm. long. Plant erect, tall, scarcely cespitose ; divisions of the leaves rhombic in out- line ; the terminal tooth much longer than the rest ; petals white (some- times slightly tinged with rose) and purple-veined. Lower part of the stem glabrous or with scattered spreading villous or glandular hairs. i- G. Ricliardsonii. Lower part of the stem with short reflexed and appressed hairs. Slender; leaves and calyx sparingly pubescent. 2. G. gracilentum. Stout ; calyx and leaves densely pubescent, the latter almost grayish. Veins of the petals weak ; calyx only sparingly glandular. 3. G. Cowenii. Veins of the petals very strong ; calyx densely glandular. 4. G. nervosum. Plant more or less cespitose ; stems ascending or spreading ; divisions of the leaves obovate-cuneate ; the terminal tooth only slightly longer than the rest ; petals purplish. Petals broadly obovate to obcordate ; light purple with darker veins. Stem glandular-villous with long spreading hairs. Teeth of the leaves ovate to lanceolate, acute. 5. G. Parryi. Teeth of the leaves broadly ovate, abruptly short-acuminate. 6. G. Pattersonii. Lower part of the stem grayish-pubescent with reflexed hairs, not glandular. Teeth of the leaves very short and broad ; stem diffuse ; petals obcordate. 7. G. Fremontii. Teeth of the leaves elongated, lanceolate ; stem more upright ; petals obovate. 8. G. caespitosum. Petals narrowly obovate, dark purple ; plant not at all glandular. 9. G. atropurpureum. Petals 5-7 mm. long. 10. G. Bicknellii. 1. Geranium Richardsonii Fish. & Traut. In meadows from Sask. and B. C. to N. M. and Calif.— Alt. 8000-10,000 ft.— Honnold; Rabbit-Ear Pass; Bob Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; camp on Grizzly near foot of Rabbit-Ear Range. 2. Geranium gracilentum Greene. In mountain valleys from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Headwaters of Clear Creek; Pike's Peak; Piedra; Mancos; 4 miles west of Cameron Pass; near Veta Pass; near La Plata Post Office; La Plata Cafion; Columbine, Middle Park; Box Canon, west of Ouray; Bosworth's; Beaver Creek; bank of Elk River, Routt Co.; Trail Creek bottom; Rico; Silverton ; northwest of Dolores. 3. Geranium Cowenii Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 6000-7000 ft. — Hills, Larimer Co. ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Rist Canon ; La Veta. 4. Geranium nervosum Rydb. In the mountains of Wyo. and Ida. to Utah and Colo. — Alt. 8000-9000 ft. — Pike's Peak; Grizzly Creek; Continental Di- vide, Routt Co.; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; Steamboat Springs. 5. Geranium Parryi (Engelm.) Heller. (G. Fremontii Parryi Engelm.) In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Pike's Peak; head- GERANIACEAE. 219 waters of Clear Creek ; Colorado Springs ; Idaho Springs ; Manitou ; Platte Canon; vicinity of Arthur's Rock; near Boulder. 6. Geranium Pattersonii Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Near Empire; Douglas Mountain, Empire; Gray's Peak; Ute Pass; North Cheyenne Caiion ; Palmer Lake ; near Narrows ; Platte Cafion ; Eldora to Baltimore. 7. Geranium Fremontii A. Gray. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Sand Creek Pass. 8. Geranium caespitosum James. On hills and in dry mountain valleys from Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 5ooo-io,ooo.^Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; foothills of Larimer Co.; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Dixon Canon. 9. Geranium atropurpureum Heller. On hills from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Box Canon, west of Ouray; Arboles; Ouray; Mancos; Horsetooth Gulch; Dixon Canon Creek; Dolores. 10. Geranium Bicknellii Britton. In waste places and on hillsides from N. S. and B. C. to N. Y. and Colo.— Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Fish Creek Falls. 2. ERODIUM L. I, Erodium cicutarium L. In waste places from N. S. and Ore. to N. J., Colo, and Calif. ; also Mex. Introduced from Europe. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Cucharas River, below La Veta ; South Cheyenne Canon ; Colorado Springs ; Brantly Canon, Las Animas Co.; Deer River; Palisades; Hotchkiss; Ft. Col- lins; Boulder. Family 73. LINACEAE Dumont. Flax Family. I. LINUM L. Flax. Petals blue ; sepals not glandular-ciliate. Annual. i- -f-- usitatissimum. Perennial. 2. L. Lewisii. Petals yellow ; sepals usually glandular-ciliate. Sepals long-acuminate-aristate, twice as long as the pod. 3. L. aristaium. Sepals not more than half longer than the pod. Petals less than i cm. long : sepals merely keeled or slightly wing-crested. Stem glabrous or slightly and minutely puberulent. Lateral veins of the sepals indistinct at least below ; petals 6-7 mm. long. 4. L. australe. Lateral veins of the sepals strong ; petals about 8 mm. long. 5. L. rigidum. Stem densely puberulent. 6. L. puberulum. Petals over i cm. long ; sepals strongly wing-crested. 7. L. arkansanum. 1. Linum usitatissimum L. In waste places, escaped from cultivation; native of Europe. — Ft. Collins. 2. Linum Lewisii Pursh. (L. perenne of Coult. Man.; not L.) On dry plains and hills from Mackenzie and Yukon to Tex. and Calif.; also Mex.— Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.— Cimarron ; mesas near Pueblo; Ft. Collins; Los Pinos (Bayfield) ; Mancos; West Mancos Cailon; Veta Pass; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Palmer Lake; north of La Porte; Dixon Cafion; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Spring Cafion ; Hahn's Peak. 220 LINACEAE. 3. Linum aristatum Engelm. In arid places from Colo, and Utah to Tex. and Ariz.— " Colorado "; exact locality not given. 4. Linum australe Heller. On dry plains and hills from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz.; also Mex.— Alt. 4000-8000 ft.— Arboles ; La Veta; Mancos Cafion; Dixon Canon ; Durango. 5. Linum rigidum Pursh. On dry plains and hills from Sask. and Alb. to Mo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Livermore, Larimer Co. ; foot-hills western Larimer Co. ; Dillon ; Durango. 6. Linum puberulum (Engelm.) Heller. (L. rigidum puberuUim Engelm.) On dry plains and hills from Colo, and Nev. to Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 4000- 6000 ft. — Grand Junction ; Walsenburg. 7. Linum arkansanum Osterh. Sandy soil from Neb. and Colo, to Kans. and Tex. — Rocky Fork, Otero Co. Family 74. OXALIDACEAE Lindl. Wood-sorrel Family. Plants acaulescent, perennial with bulb-like rootstock ; corolla rose-violet, I. lONOXALIS. Plants caulescent, not succulent, annuals or perennials with slender rootstock ; corolla yellow. 2. Xanthoxalis. I. lONOXALIS Small. Violet Wood-sorrel. I. lonoxalis violacea (L.) Small. (Oxalis violacea L.) On prairies and in valleys from New England and Minn, to Fla. and Colo. — Glen Eyrie. 2. XANTHOXALIS Small. Yellow Wood-sorrel, Sourgrass. Inflorescence umbellike; pods pubescent. i. X. striata. Inflorescence dichotomous-cymose ; pods glabrous. 2. X. coloradensis. 1. Xantoxalis stricta (L.) Small. {Oxalis stricta L.) In woods, culti- vated soil and roadsides, from N. S. and S. D. to Fla., Tex. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Boulder; Pagosa Springs; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; gnlch west of Pennock's; mountains northeast of Dolores; Howe's Gulch; Redstone; Horsetooth Gulch. 2. Xantoxalis coloradensis Rydb. In gulches and in river valleys of Colo. and Black Hills of S. D.— Alt 5000-9000 ft.— Gulch in foot-hills. Larimer Co.; Sangre de Cristo Creek; New Windsor, Weld Co.; along Poudre; Redstone; Ft. Collins ; Mason's river- front farm. Family 75. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Lindl. Caltrop Family. Herbs; albumen none; fruit not villous; carpels 10-12. i. Kalstroemia. Shrubs; albumen horny; fruit villous; carpels 5. 2. Covillea. I. KALSTROEMIA Scop. Sepals lanceolate, appressed-pubescent. i. K. maxima. Sepals linear-subulate, bristly hirsute. 2. K. hirsutissima. I. Kalstroemia maxima (L.) T. & G. (Tribulns maximus L.) Waste places and sandy soil in the Gulf States. — Rocky Ford. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. 221 2, Ealstroemia hirsutissima Vail. On plains and prairies from Kans. and Colo, to Tex. and N. M. ; also Mex. — Cafion City ; Pueblo. 2. COVILLEA Vail. Creosote Bush. I. Covillea tridentata (DC) Vail. {Larrea mexicana Moricand) Arid districts from Colo, and Utah to Tex. and S. Calif. — " So. Colo.," exact locality not given. Family 76. RUTACEAE Juss. Rue Family. Fuit a capsule; leaves unifoliolate ; stamens 8. i. Thamnosma. Fruit an indehiscent samara ; leaves 3-foliolate ; stamens 4-5. 2. Ptelea. I. THAMNOSMA Torn & Frem. I. Thamnosma texanum Torr. Dry plains from Colo, to Tex. and N. Mex. ; also in Mex. — Alt. up to 5400 ft. — Soda spring ledge, Canon City {Brandegee). 2. PTELEA L. Hop-tree, Water Ash. Samara truncate at the apex. i. P. angustifolia. Samara emarginate at the apex. 2. P. crenulata. 1. Ptelea angustifolia Benth. Along streams from Colo, to Tex. and N. M. ; also in Mex. — Caiion City; Florence. 2. Ptelea crenulata Greene. Along streams from Colo, to N. M. and Calif. — Brantly Canon, Las Animas Co. Order 29. POLYGALALES. Family 77. POLYGALACEAE Reichenb. Milkwort Family. I. POLYGALA L. Milkwort. Stems herbaceous, unarmed ; keel with a fimbriate crest. Perennial; leaves alternate. i. P- alba. Annual ; leaves verticillate. 2. P. verticillata. More or less spiny undershrubs ; keel not crested, but with a beak. Plant 5-15 cm. high; flowers 7-10 mm. long. 3. P. subspinosa. Plant 6-10 dm. high; flowers 3-4 mm. long. 4. P. acanthoclada. 1. Polygala alba Nutt. On plains from S. D. to Tex. and Ariz.— Exact locality not given. 2. Polygala verticillata L. On grassy places from Que. and Sask. to Fla. and Colo. — Clear Creek. 3. Polygala subspinosa S. Wats. On dry mesas from Colo and Nev. to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Grand Junction; Gunnison Mesa. 4. Polygala acanthoclada A. Gray. In dry valleys from Colo, and Nev. to Ariz. — San Juan Valley. Order 30. EUPHORBIALES. Styles and stigmas distinct or mainly so, cleft or foliaceous ; ovary 3-celled (rarely 2-celled) ; land-plants. 78. Euphorbiaceae. Styles united by pairs ; ovary 4-celled ; small water- or mud-plants. 79. Callitrichaceae 22'J EUPHORBIACEAE. Family yS. EUPHORBIACEAE St. Hill. Si'URo: F.amii.v. Flowers not in an involucre ; calyx of several sepals. Petals present, at least in the staminate flowers. Stamens 6; filaments distinct. i. Croton. Stamens lo; filaments monadelphous. 2. Ditaxis. Corolla wanting; stamens 1-3. 3- Tragia. Flowers in involucres ; calyx represented by minute scales at the base of filament- like pedicels. Glands of the involucres with petal-lil RHINANTHACEAE. boat Springs; Narrows; Dolores; Beaver Creek; Horsetooth Gulch; Dii- rango ; Rist Canon ; Trapper's Lake ; Graymont ; Grand Lake ; Poudre Canon, Larimer Co. ; Silverton ; Empire. 3. Castilleja Crista-galli Rydb. In the mountains from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft.— Green Mountain Falls ; South Cheyenne Canon ; Gray- back mining camps and Placer Gulch; Eldora to Baltimore. 4. Castilleja cognata Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 8280 ft. — Jack's Cabin. 5. Castilleja integra A. Gray. Dry ground from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. ; also Mex. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Colorado Springs; Trail Glen; La Veta; Red Rock Canon; Ojo; river-bluffs north of La Veta; Calhan; butte, 5 miles southwest of La Veta; hills southeast of La Veta; Piedra; Salida; near Denver; Como ; Purgatory River, Trinidad; Palmer Lake; Table Rock; Cheyenne Canon ; Eldora to Baltimore ; Colorado City. 6. Castilleja gloriosa Britton. In dry places from Colo, to Ariz. — Brantly Canon. 7. Castilleja Lindheimeri A. Gray. In dry places from Colo, to Tex. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Mancos ; Grand Junction. 8. Castilleja rhexifolia Rydb. In the mountains from Alb. and Alaska to Colo. — Alt. 7000-14,000 ft. — Mt. Hesperus ; Cameron Pass ; Echo Creek, near La Veta; Marshall Pass; Mt. Hayden, La Plata Mountains; Mt. Harvard; Berthoud Pass. 9. Castilleja confusa Greene. In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 6000-11,000 ft. — Georgetown; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus ; Ruxton Park ; Colorado Springs ; Pike's Peak ; Elk River, Routt Co. ; Chicken Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus ; Como ; Little Veta Mountain; Upper La Plata River; Minnehaha; Little Kate Basin; moun- tains above Ouray; Beaver Creek; Rico; Michigan Hill; gulch east of Stove Prairie; Bosworth's ranch; Steamboat Springs; Empire; Eldora to Balti- more ; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 10. Castilleja brunnescens Rydb. In the mountains of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. 9000-11,000 ft.^Bush Creek, Custer Co.; Gray's Peak; Mancos; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Pike's Peak; Taylor River; Cameron Pass; Hahn's Peak. 11. Castilleja lauta A. Nelson. (C. oreopola subintegra Fernald.) In the mountains from Mont, and Ore. to Colo. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — Marshall Pass ; Mt. Hesperus ; Little Kate Basin ; Cameron Pass ; Alpine Tunnel ; Graymont ; Beaver Creek ; Rico ; Anita Peak. 12. Castilleja trinervis Rydb. In the mountain woods of Colo. — Alt. 8500- 10,000 ft.^Columbine ; headwaters of Pass Creek; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch. 13. Castilleja lancifolia Rydb. In mountains from Mont, and Alaska to Colo, and Ore. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Near Ironton, San Juan Co. ; near Pagosa Peak; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Berthoud Pass. 14. Castilleja chromosa A. Nelson. (C. Stokesii Brand.) In the moun- tains of Wyo. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Cerro Summit. 15. Castilleja obtusiloba Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — Leroux Parks, Delta Co. RHINANTHACEAE. 317 i6. Castilleja Haydeni (A. Gray) Cockerell. (C. pallida Haydeni A. Gray) On the higher mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 12.300 ft. — Cumberland Mine, La Plata Mountains. 17. Castilleja linearis Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 8500-12,000 ft. — Gibb's Peak, Custer Co. ; West Spanish Peak. 18. Castilleja hispida Benth. On hills and mountains from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. about 7500 ft. — Mountains, Larimer Co. ; Dolores ; Cimarron ; Pmkham Creek. 19. Castilleja occidentalis Torn (C pallida occidentalis A. Gray) On the higher mountains from Alb. and B. C. to Colo. — Alt. 11,000-14,000 ft. — Near Empire; Pike's Peak; Gray's Peak; Ward; Mt. Ouray; Alpine Tunnel; Cameron Pass ; Mt. Garfield ; Berthoud Pass ; Beaver Creek ; Ethel Peak ; summit of North Park Range, Routt Co. 20. Castilleja luteovirens Rydb. In mountain meadows from Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 7000-9000 ft. — Headwaters of Clear Creek ; Seven Lakes, near Pike's Peak; Veta Pass; Hamor's Lake, north of Durango; Chicken Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Wahatoya Creek. 21. Castilleja sulphurea Rydb. In the mountains from S. D. and Wyo. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. ; Mt. Har- vard; Georgetown; Andrews' Shetland ranch; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Steamboat Springs; Cameron Pass; Columbine; Denver; Gun- nison; Chambers' Lake; Ward; Ruxton Dell; North Park; Empire; Lake Moraine, Pike's Peak; Silver Plume; Graymont ; Rico; Twin Lake; Walton Creek; Leroux Creek. 22. Castilleja wyomingensis Rydb. In the mountains from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 7500-9000 ft. — Wahatoya Creek; Red Mountain road, south of Ouray. 23. Castilleja lineata Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 9000-10,000 ft. — West Spanish Peak ; Pagosa Springs. 24. Castilleja puberula Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — " Colorado " ; Empire ; Berthoud Pass. 25. Castilleja brachyantha Rydb. (C. breviilora A. Gray) In the moun- tains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Headwaters of Clear Creek; North Park, near Teller; Grizzly Creek. 26. Castilleja flava S. Wats. In dry valleys from S. D., Mont, and B. C. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Upper Laramie River; Pinkham Creek. 27. Castilleja sessiliflora Pursh. On dry plains from Ills, and Ass. to Mo., Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Table Rock; Ft. Collins; Colorado Springs; near Pueblo; Tobe Miller's ranch; Colorado City. 14. ORTHOCARPUS Nutt. Corolla yellow; spike densely flowered; seeds costate. i. O. lutetis. Corolla white, turning rose-purple ; spike lax ; seeds with a loose reticulate coat. 2. O. purpureo-albus. I, Orthocarpus luteus Nutt. On dry plains and in sandy soil from Sask. and Wash, to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Grizzly Creek; South Park; Georgetown; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Pagosa Springs; Trimble •318 RHINANTHACEAE. Springs, above Durango; Veta Mountain; Villa Grove; Garland; Silverton ; Ruxton Dell; near Steamboat Springs; La Veta, west of Ouray; Gunnison; Table Rock; Middle Park; Horsetooth Gulch; Long Gulch; west of Soldier Caiion ; Empire; between Sunshine and Ward. 2. Orthocarpus purpureo-albus A. Gray. In dry places from Colo, and Utah to N. M. and Ariz. — Durango ; Piedra ; La Plata and Mancos. 15. ADENOSTEGIA Benth. I. Adenostegia Kingii (S. Wats.) Greene. (Cordylanthus Kingii S. Wats.) Dry ridges from Nev. to Colo. — Alt. 5500 ft. — San Juan Valley (Brandegee). 16. ELEPHANTELLA Rydb. Little Red Elephant. I. Elephantella groenlandica (Retz.) Rydb. {Pediciilaris groenlandica Retz.) In swamps and wet meadows from Greenl. and B. C. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Headwaters of Clear Creek ; Cameron Pass ; Sil- ver Plume ; Gray's Peak ; Hamor's Lake, above Durango ; Trapper's Lake ; Seven Lakes ; Central City ; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek ; near Pagosa Peak; Pike's Peak; Alpine Tunnel; Cabin Canon; Mirror Lake; Veta Pass ; Mt. Harvard ; Gore Pass ; Eldora to Baltimore ; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron; Beaver Creek; summit of North Park Range, Routt Co. 17. PEDICULARIS L. Lousewort. Galea produced into a distinct beak. Beak long, strongly incurved ; lip very broad, meeting or inclosing the tip of the beak. i. P. racemosa. Beak short and straight ; lip narrower and not meeting the tip of the galea. 2. P. Parryi. Galea not produced into a distinct beak ; but often with two lateral teeth near the apex. Leaves pinnately divided or lobed. Leaves divided to the midrib or nearly so into narrow, acute, dentate, serrate or incised divisions. Galea toothless; plant 4-10 dm. high; lip not reaching the tip of the galea. 3. P. bracteosa. Galea with two lateral teeth. Plant tall, 3-15 dm. high; corolla sordid yellow, 3-3.5 cm. long; lip almost reaching the tip of the galea. 4. P. Grayi. Plant lower, 1-4 dm. high ; corolla purple, 2-2.5 cm. long ; lip not reach- ing the tip of the galea. 5. P. scopulorum. Leaves pinnately lobed (two-thirds to the midrib or less) with broadly oblong or rounded, obtuse and crenate lobes. 6. P. canadensis. Leaves merely crenate. 7. P. cremdata. 1. Pedicularis racemosa Dougl. On wooded mountain sides from Mont, and B. C. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Headwaters of Clear Creek ; Cameron Pass ; Trapper's Lake ; Berthoud Pass ; Douglass Mountain, Georgetown ; near Pagosa Peak ; Marshall Pass ; Mt. Abram, Ouray ; Beaver Creek ; Boreas ; bank of Michigan ; Leroux Park ; Eldora to Baltimore ; Buf- falo Pass ; Anita Peak ; Rabbit-Ear Range. 2. Pedicularis Parryi A. Gray. On the higher mountains from Wyo. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — South Park; Pike's Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek; Empire; North Park near Teller; Como, South Park; Little RHINANTHACEAE. 319 Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains ; Seven Lakes ; Cameron Pass ; Marshall Pass; Alpine Tunnel; Beaver Creek; Berthoud Pass. 3. Pedicularis bracteata Benth. In wet places in the mountains from Alb. and B. C. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — Marshall Pass; Cameron Pass ; near Pagosa Peak ; Tennessee Pass, 7 miles west of Leadville ; Mt. Hesperus; Leroux Parks, Delta Co.; Upper La Plata River; Beaver Creek; Berthoud Pass ; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. 4. Pedicularis Grayi A. Nels. (P. procera A. Gray) In wooded ground in the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 8000-13,000 ft. — Near Empire; Cameron Pass ; headwaters of Clear Creek ; Andrews' Shetland ranch ; Bear Lake Cafion ; Georgetown ; Silver Plume ; Upper La Plata Canon ; Como ; South Park ; West Spanish Peak ; near Pagosa Peak ; Bear Creek Cafion, near Colorado Springs; Buena Vista; Veta; Pike's Peak; Hamor's Lake; Ruxton Park ; gulch south of Steamboat Springs ; Hotchkiss ; Bosworth's ranch ; Stove Prairie ; Empire. 5. Pedicularis scopulorum A. Gray. On the higher peaks of Colo. — Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft. — South Park; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Gray's Peak. 6. Pedicularis canadensis L. In mountain meadows and moist woodlands from N. S., Man. and Wyo. to Fla. and N. M.— Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — Pike's Peak; North Cheyenne Caiion; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Crys- tal Park; Veta Pass; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Table Rock. 7. Pedicularis crenulata Benth. In meadows and parks of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Gunnison; Sapinero; Parlin ; South Park; Westcliffe; Buena Vista; Como, South Park; Sand Creek Pass; Walden. 18. RHINANTHUS L. Yellow-rattle. I. Rhinanthus Crista-galli L. On wooded hills and in meadows from Lab. and Alaska to N. Y., N. M. and Ore.; also in Europe. — Pagosa Springs. Family 121. PINGUICULACEAE Dumort. Bladderwort Family. I. UTRICULARIA L. Bladderwort. Leaves 2-3 times pinnately divided with long divisions; corolla about 12 mm. wide; spur prominent, elongated-conical, curved. i. U. vulgaris. Leaves dichotomously divided with very short divisions ; corolla 4-6 mm. wide ; spur a mere protuberance. ' 2. U. minor. 1. Utricularia vulgaris L. In water from Newf. and Alaska to Fla. and Calif. ; also in Europe. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Rio Grande, Alamosa ; Parlin ; Seven Lakes ; Estes Park. 2. Utricularia minor L. In water from Greenl. and B. C. to N. J., Colo, and Calif. ; also in Europe. — Near Grand Lake. Family 122. OROBANCHACEAE Lindl. Broom-rape Family. Flowers subtended by bractlets. i. Myzorrhiza. Flowers without bractlets. 2. Thalesia. 320 OROBANCHACEAE. I. MYZORRHIZA Philippi. Broom-rape. Corolla 20-25 mm. long: anthers woolly. i. A/. mulliHora. Corolla 15-18 mm. long; anthers glabrous. 2. M. ludoviciana. 1. Myzorrhiza multiflora (Nutt.) Rydb. (Orobranche multiflora Nutt. ; Aphyllon multiHorum A. Gray) In sandy soil from Colo, and Utah to Tex. and Ariz. — Along the McElmo ; Dixon Canon. 2. Myzorrhiza ludoviciana (Nutt.) Rydb. (O. Ludoviciana Nutt.; Aphyl- lon Ludovicianuvi A. Gray) In sandy soil from Ills, and Wash, to Tex. and Calif. — North Denver, near Argos (Easlzi'ood). 2. THALESIA Raf. C.\ncer-root. I. Thalesia fasciculata (Nutt.) Britton. Parasitic on Composites, espe- cially Artemisia frigida, from Ind. and Yukon to Colo, and Calif.; also Mex. — Alt. 4000-11,000 ft. — Near Boulder; Silver Plume; West Spanish Peak; Como, South Park; Salida; Garden of the Gods; Table Mountain; Golden; Arboles; Ft. Collins; Dolores; Table Rock; Fossil Creek; Quimby; Soldier Canon. Family 123. MARTYNIACEAE Tink. Unicorn-plant Family. I. MARTYNIA L. Unicorn-plant; Ram's-horn. I. Martynia Louisiana Mill. {M. prohoscoidca Glox.) In waste places from Me. and Iowa to N. C. and Colo. — Ft. Collins ; Caiion City. Order 45. PLANTAGINALES. Family 124. PLANTAGINACEAE Lindl. Plantain-Family. I. PLANTAGO L. Plantain. Flowers all perfect ; corolla not closed over the fruit ; stamens 4. Leaves lanceolate to ovate; neither leaves nor spike silky-pubescent; stamens in all the flowers long-exserted. Spike cylindrical ; seeds not concave on the faces. Leaves ovate, abruptly contracted at the base ; seeds more than 2 in each cell. Pyxis dehiscent at the middle, rounded-ovoid, obtusish ; leaves usually thick and the dense spike obtuse. i. P. major. Pyxis dehiscent far below the middle, elongated-ovoid, very acute; leaves thin and the lax spike acute. 2. P. asiatica. Leaves lanceolate, gradually tapering into the petioles ; seed not more than 2 in each cell. Leaves thin ; plant not woolly at the base. 3. P. Tweedyi. Leaves thick ; plant with red or brown wool at the base. 4. P. eriopoda. Spike short, oblong, 1-3 cm. long; seeds concave on the faces; leaves nar- rowly lanceolate. 5- P- lanceolata. Leaves linear; leaves and peduncles pubescent with long silky hairs; anther in the more fertile flowers included ; seeds solitary in each cell ; concave on the faces. 6. P. Purshii. Flowers subdioecious or polygamo-dioecious ; corolla in the fertile plant remain- ing closed or early closing over the capsule ; stamens 2 ; leaves filiform. 7. P. niyosuroides. PLANTAGINACEAE. 321 1. Plantago major L. In waste places and around dwellings from Newf. and B. C. to Fla. and Calif.; naturalized from Europe. — Georgetown; along Uncompahgre River, near Ouray ; Ft. Collins. 2. Plantago asiatica L. In waste places and sandy soil from Ass. and B. C. to Colo. ; also Eastern Asia. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Parlin ; Arboles ; Ft. Collins. 3. Plantago Tweedyi A. Gray. On grassy slopes from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Chambers' Lake ; Rabbit-Ears Pass ; Buffalo Pass ; Gore Pass. 4. Plantago eriopoda Torn (F. retrorsa Greene) In saline soil from Que. and Mont, to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft. — La Porte; Doyle's; bank of Canadian River. 5. Plantago lanceolata L. In waste places and around dwellings from N. B. and Wash, to Fla. and Calif. ; naturalized from Europe, but rare in the Rocky Mountain region. — Alt. up to 5000 ft. — Ft. Collins. 6. Plantago Purshii R. & S. On plains, prairies and in river valleys, espe- cially in sandy or poor soil from Ont., Ass. and Wash, to Mo., Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Golden; Ft. Collins; Colorado Springs; Monu- ment Park ; Denver ; Trinidad ; West Spanish Peak ; Veta Pass ; Walsenburg ; • New Windsor ; Pueblo ; Quimby ; Wray ; Table Rock ; Grand Junction. 7. Plantago myosuroides Rydb. In sandy soil from Ass. and S. D. to Neb. and Utah. — Grand Junction. Order 46. RUBIALES. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes. Leaves with stipules (in ours leaf-like and usually regarded as leaves) adnate to the stem between the leaf bases. 125. Rubiaceae. Leaves without stipules or if present these adnate to the petioles. 126. Capri FOLiACEAE. Stamens twice as many as the corolla-lobes ; low herbs with ternately dissected leaves. 127. Adoxaceae. Family 125. RUBIACEAE Juss. Madder Family. I. GALIUM L. Bedstraw. Flowers perfect ; fruit hirsute with uncinate hairs or glabrous. Annuals. Stem coarse, reclining; leaves (i. e., leaves and stipules), 6-8 in the whorls. Leaves linear or oblanceolate. Leaves 2-7 cm. long ; nutlets when ripe 3-5 mm. in diameter ; flowers white. I. G. Aparine. Leaves 0.5-2 cm. long; nutlets when ripe 2-3 mm. in diameter; flowers ochroleucous. 2. G. Vaillantii. Leaves elliptic. 9. G. flaviflorum. Stem slender, erect or ascending ; leaves 4 in the whorls. Leaves ovate or oblong, 5-7 mm. long ; fruit nearly sessile. 3. G. proliferum. Leaves linear-oblong or linear, often 10-20 mm. long; fruit distinctly peduncled. 4. G. bifolium. Perennials. Leaves not cuspidate-pointed. Stem stout ; leaves thick, 3-nerved. 5. G. boreale. Stem very slender ; leaves i-nerved. 21 322 RUBIACEAE. Leaves obovate to broadly oblong-obovate, somewhat fleshy. Petals almost i mm. long ; pedicels and generally also stem glabrous. 6. G. Brandegei. Petals about 0.5 mm. long ; pedicels and stem more or less scabrous. 7. G. siibbiilorum. Leaves linear-oblong or linear-oblanceolate. 8. G. trifiduiH. Leaves cuspidate-pointed. Stem retrorse-bristly ; pedicels scarcely exceeding the bracts. 9. G. flaviflornm. Stem glabrous or sparingly hirsute ; pedicels much exceeding the small bract. 10. G. triftorum. Flowers in ours dioecious; fruit with long hairs, not uncinate; perennials. 1 1 . G. coloradense. 1. Galium Aparine L. In shady places from N. B. and Alaska to Fla. and Calif.; also in Europe and Asia. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Horsetooth Gulch; Rist Caiion ; Ft. Collins ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. 2. Galium Vaillantii DC. {G. Aparine Vaillantii Koch.) Among bushes and in shady places from Mont, and B. C. to Mex. — Alt. 5000-S000 ft. — Spring Canon ; Rist Caiion ; butte, 5 miles southwest of La Veta. 3. Galium proliferum A. Gray. On stony hills from Colo, to Tex. and N. M. ; also Mex. — Locality not given. 4. Galium bifolium S. Wats. In wet places in the inountains from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Calif.- — Alt. about 7500 ft. — Honnold; Steamboat Springs. 5. Galium boreale L. On rocky banks and hillsides, especially among bushes, from Que. and Alaska to N. J., Mo., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 4000- 10,000 ft. — Rist Canon; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Hotchkiss ; Baxter's ranch; Barnes' Camp; Table Rock; Ft. Collins; Stove Prairie Hill; gulch west of Pennock's; Pike's Peak; west of Ouray; Dillon; Veta Pass; Parlin; Gun- nison ; Minnehaha ; Pagosa Springs ; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch ; Narrows ; Andrews' Shetland ranch ; Four-mile Hill, Routt Co. ; Man- cos ; Golden ; Clear Creek Caiion ; North Cheyenne Caiion ; Bear Creek Caiion ; Cumbres ; Moon's ranch; Glenwood Springs; between Sunshine and Ward; Fish Creek Falls. 6. Galium Brandegei A. Gray. In moist ground from Wyo. to N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Columbine; twelve miles below Grand Lake; Steamboat Springs ; Chambers' Lake. 7. Galium subbiflorum (Wieg.) Rydb. (G. trifidiim subbiHorum Wieg.) In cold bogs and wet places from Minn, and Ida. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Beaver Creek; Empire. 8. Galium trifidum L. In swamps and wet meadows from Newf. and Ida. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. up to 8000 ft. — Parlin ; Beaver Creek. 9. Galium flaviflorum Heller. In cafions of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 7500- 8500 ft. — Box Canon, west of Ouray. 10. Galium triflorum Michx. In open woods from Newf. and Alaska to Ala. and Calif. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — Boulder Caiion; Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; Ruxton Brook; headwaters of Pass Creek; near Pagosa Peak; Col- umbine; vicinity of Pine Grove; Bosworth's ranch; Four-mile Hill; Ouray. 11. Galium coloradense Wright. (G. Mathewsii A. Gray, in part) On arid grounds in southern Colo. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Black Caiion; Mesa Verde; Mancos ; Glenwood Springs. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. 323 Family 126. CAPRIFOLIACEAE Vent. Honeysuckle Family. Style deeply 3-5-cleft ; shrubs or trees with compound cymose inflorescence and drupaceous fruit. Leaves pinnate; ovary 3-5-celled, each cell with i ovule, i. Sambucus. Leaves simple; ovary i-celled and i-ovuled. 2. Viburnum. Style slender, undivided ; stigma capitate. Trailing evergreen herb ; flowers long-peduncled, geminate ; stamens 4, didynamous. 3. Linnaea. Shrubs ; stamens generally 5. Corolla rarely gibbous at the base, regular or nearly so. 4. Symphoricarpos. Corolla gibbous at the base, irregular and bilabiate. 5. Distegia. I. SAMBUCUS L. Elder. Cyme not flat-topped, thyrsoid-paniculate ; the axis continuous. Fruit red or rarely yellow. i. S. microbotrys. Fruit black. 2. 5". melanocarpa. Cyme flat-topped, umbelliform, 4-5-rayed ; the rays again variously compound ; fruit blackish. 3. 5". neo-mexicana. 1. Sambucus microbotrys Rydb. On hillsides from S. D. and Wyo. to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 7500-12,000 ft. — Gore Pass; above Beaver Creek; Marshall Pass ; Bob Creek, West La Plata Mountains ; Jack Brook ; west of Ouray ; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; Front Range, Larimer Co.; Ojo; Villa Grove; Halfway House; Pike's Peak; Gray's Peak; Little Veta Moun- tain; East Indian Creek; Bottomless Pit, Pike's Peak; Lake City; Red River, Franklin Co. ; between Sunshine and Ward. 2. Sambucus melanocarpa A. Gray. In canons and ravines from Alb. and Ida. to Colo, and Ore. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — Headwaters of Pass Creek; Clear Creek Canon ; Fish Creek Falls ; Pinkham Creek. 3. Sambucus neo-mexicana Woot. In the mountains of Colo., N. Mex. and Ariz.- — Silver Plume. 2. VIBURNUM L. Arrow- WOOD, Snow-balls. Leaves palmately veined, usually 3-lobed ; fruit red. i. V. paucifiorum. Leaves pinnately veined, not lobed ; fruit blue or black. 2. V. Lentago. 1. Viburnum paucifiorum Pylaie. In woods from Lab. and Alaska to Pa., Colo, and Wash. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Grand Lake ; Minnehaha ; Clear Creek. 2. Viburnum Lentago L. In wood and on banks of streams from Me. and Man. to Ga. and Colo. — Gulch south of Boulder. 3. LINNAEA Gron. Twin-flower, Ground-vine. I. Linnaea americana Forbes. (L. borealis Michx. ; not L.) In cold woods from Greenl. and Alaska to N. J., Mich., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000- 13,000 ft. — Beaver Creek; Graymont; Grand Lake; Chambers' Lake; Gray's Peak ; West Spanish Peak ; Front Range, Larimer Co. ; South Boulder Peak. 4. SYMPHORICARPOS L. Snow-berry, Coral-berry. Corolla short ; open-campanulate. Fruit red; style bearded. i. 5. Symphoricarpos. Fruit white ; style glabrous. Style and stamens somewhat exserted ; leaves thick. 2. 6". occidentalis. Style and stamens not exserted ; leaves rather thin. 3. 5". pauciflorus. Corolla elongated, oblong-campanulate to salverform. 324 CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Corolla oblong-campanulatc, 6-8 niiu. long. Leaves decidedly pubescent ; stem puberulent ; leaves rounded-oval, obtuse or rounded at the apex. 4. 5". rotundifolins. Leaves glabrate or slightly pubescent. Leaves rounded-ovate or rounded-oval, 3-4 cm. long. S. 5". ulahensis. Leaves oval, acute, 1-2 cm. long. 6. S. vaccinioides. Corolla tubular-funnelform, 8-12 mm. long. 7. S. oreophilus. 1. Symphoricarpos Symphoricarpos (L.) MacM. {S. vulgaris Michx.) Along rivers and in rocky places from N. Y. and Wyo. to Ga., Tex. and Colo. — Manitoii. 2. Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook. Hillsides from Mich., Mackenzie and B. C. to Mo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Poudre Canon ; Baxter's ranch ; Ft. Collins ; Stove Prairie Hill ; Pueblo ; Canon City ; Denver ; Ft. Collins; Livermore; Echo Creek; Colorado Springs; Boulder; between Sun- shine and Ward. 3. Symphoricarpos pauciflorus (Robbins) Britton. (5". racemosus pauci- Horus Robbins) In rocky places and on hillsides from Vt. and B. C. to Pa., Colo, and Calif. — Gypsum; Howe's Gulch; Horsetooth Mountain; North Cheyenne Cation; west of Ft. Collins; Middle Park; Dillon Caiion. 4. Symphoricarpos rotundifolius A. Gray. In the mountains from Wyo. and Ida. to N. M. — Spicer, Larimer Co. 5. Symphoricarpos utahensis Rydb. On hillsides from Wyo. and Ida. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron. 6. Symphoricarpos vaccinioides Rydb. On hillsides from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Wolcott, Eagle Co. ; Cimarron. 7. Symphoricarpos oreophilus A. Gray. In the mountains from Colo, and Utah to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 7500-10,000 ft. — Divide road to Steamboat Springs; near Ouray; Pitkin; southeast of Ouray; Durango; Georgetown; West Mancos Caiion ; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch ; on Turkey Creek and tributaries; near Pagosa Peak; Gunnison; Wolcott, Eagle Co.; Clear Creek; Eldora to Baltimore. 5. DISTEGIA Raf. I. Distegia involucrata (Richardson) Rydb. (Lonicera involucrata Banks) In wet woodlands from Que. and Alaska to Mich., Colo, and Calif. ; also Mex. — Alt. 7000-9000 ft. — Gulch south of Rist Canon ; Mancos ; Gun- nison; Mt. Hesperus; Los Pinos (Bayfield); near Pagosa Peak; Glen- t wood Springs ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Andrews' Shetland ranch ; Wahatoya Canon; East Indian Creek; South Park; near Ironton, San Juan Co.; Sap- inero ; Gunnison ; Parlin ; Box Canon, west of Ouray ; Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; Veta Pass; Eldora to Baltimore; mountains between Sun- shine and Ward; Beaver Creek. Family 127. ADOXACEAE Fritch. Moschatel Family. I. ADOXA L. MusK-ROOT, Mosch.\tel. I. Adoxa Moschatellina L. In shady, wet, rocky places from Arctic Amer- ica to Wise, and Colo. — Alt. 7000-12,000 ft. — Carson; Seven Lakes; Gentian ADOXACEAE. 325 Ridge; Pike's Peak; West Spanish Peak; Bottomless Pit, Pike's Peak; near Pagosa Peak ; Tennessee Pass, seven miles west of Leadville ; Front Range, Larimer Co. ; Mt. Hesperus ; Clear Creek ; Boulder Canon. Order 47. CAMPANULALES. Endosperm wanting ; flowers monoecious or dioecious ; plant mainly vines with tendrils. 128. Cucurbitaceae. Endosperm present ; flowers perfect ; plants (at least ours) not vines. Corolla regular. 129. Campanulaceae. Corolla split on one side and more or less irregular. 130. Lobeliaceae. Family 128. CUCURBITACEAE Juss. Gourd Family. Ovary i-celled with 3-5 placentae; ovules numerous; corolla campanulate ; fruit fleshy, indehiscent. i. Cucurbita. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules few ; fruit opening at the top ; corolla rotate, small. 2. MiCRAMPELIS. I. CUCURBITA L. Gourd, Pumpkin. I. Cucurbita foetidissima H. B. K. (C. perennis A. Gray) On plains from Mo. and Neb. to Tex. and Calif. — Bank of Arkansas River. 2. MICRAMPELIS Raf. Balsam Apple; Mock Apple. I. Micrampelis lobata (Michx.) Greene. (Echinocystis lobata T. & G.) On river banks among shrubs from Me. and Mont, to Va. and Colo. — Ft. Collins ; Cache la Poudre ; Platte River, near Denver. Family 129. CAMPANULACEAE Juss. Bellflower Family. Corolla campanulate or funnelform ; inflorescence racemose or paniculate ; flow- ers complete throughout. i. Campanula. Corolla rotate ; inflorescence spicate ; flowers of two kinds ; the earlier cleis- togamous. 2. Specularia. I. CAMPANULA L. Bellflower, Bluebell, Harebell. Flowers over i cm. long ; plant simple or with erect or ascending branches. Capsule erect, opening by pores near the summit, just below the base of the sepals. Hypanthium and pod club-shaped, constricted just below the sepals, often hairy; leaves entire; sepals obtuse. i. C. imiflora. , Hypanthium and pod turbinate, not constricted ; sepals acuminate. 2. C. Parryi. Capsule nodding, opening by pores near the base. 3. C. petiolata. Flowers 5-8 mm. long ; stem retrorse-hispid with divaricate branches. 4. C. aparinoides. 1. Campanula uniflora L. In arctic-alpine localities from Greenl. and Alaska to Lab., Colo, and Utah.- — Mountains of Estes Park. 2. Campanula Parryi A. Gray. In mountain valleys from Wyo. and Utah to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Table Rock; Sand Creek; Como and vicinity ; Happy Hollow ; Beaver Creek ; Clear Creek, near Elizabethtown ; Hematite; Eldora to Baltimore; Empire. 326 CAMPANULACEAE. 3. Campanula petiolata DC. (C. rotundifolia American authors, in part; not L.) On hills and mountains from Mackenzie and Wash, to N. M. and Utah. — Alt. 5000-12,000 ft. — Gunnison Co.; Gray's Peak; Rist Cafion ; Breck- enridge; Narrows; near Ft. Collins; Ilorsetoolh Gulch; Palmer Lake; Dillon Canon; Trinidad; Howe's Gulch; gulch west of Soldier Canon; Boulder. 4. Campanula aparinoides Pursh. In wet meadows from N. B. and Sask. to Ga. and Colo. — Along Platte, near Denver (Eastzvood.). 2. SPECULARIA Heist. Venus' Looking-glass. Leaves cordate-clasping; capsule oblong. i. .S". perfoliata. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate; capsule linear-cylindric. 2. S. leptocarpa. 1. Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC. On hillsides from Me. and B. C. to Fla., Ariz, and Ore.; also in Mex. — Spring Canon; Howe's Gulch; Horse- tooth Gulch; Platte River. 2. Specularia leptocarpa (Nutt.) A. Gray. In dry soil from Mo. and MonL to Tex. and Colo. — Locality not given. Family 130. LOBELIACEAE Dumort. Lobelia Family. I. LOBELIA L. Lobelia, Cardinal-flower. I. Lobelia syphilitica L. In wet places from Me. and S. D. to Ga., La. and Colo. West of the Missouri River it is only represented by the smaller var. Ludoviciana A. DC. — Vicinity of Ft. Collins; hills north of La Porte; Denver. Order 48. VALERIANALES. Family 131. VALERIAN ACEAE Batsch. Valerian Family. I. VALERIANA L. Valerian. Leaves thick, entire or with linear, entire divisions ; veining almost parallel. Fruit and ovaries pubescent ; bracts in the staminate plant linear-lanceolate. I. V. edulis. Fruit glabrous, scurfy, muricate or rugose. Basal leaves oblanceolate ; fruit broadly ovate ; corolla of the staminate plant 2.5-3 nim. wide ; root thick. 2. V. trachycarpa. Basal leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate ; fruit narrowly ovate ; corolla of the staminate flowers less than 2 mm. wide ; root rather slender. 3. V. furfurascens. Leaves thin ; the cauline ones pinnate ; veining distinctly pinnate. Ovary and fruit at least when young pubescent. 4. V. micrantha. Ovary and fruit glabrous. Basal leaf-blades ovate-cordate. 5. V. ovata. Basal leaf-blades spatulate, oval or lanceolate, tapering at the base. Lateral leaflets or lobes of the stem-leaves small, linear-lanceolate, acuminate. 6. V. acutiloba. Lateral leaflets of the stem-leaves ample, ovate to lanceolate, acute. 7. V. occidentalis. I. Valeriana edulis Nutt. On hillsides and dry meadows from Ida. and Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. up to 11,000 ft. — Berthoud Pass; Continental Divide; Columbine; Conejos River, north of Antonito. VALERIANACEAE. 327 2. Valeriana trachycarpa Rydb. In the mountains of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Red Mountain; Alpine Tunnel; Marshall Pass; Rabbit- Ears Pass. 3. Valeriana furfurascens A. Nelson. On hillsides and mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Bosworth's ranch; Narrows; Pike's Peak; Ruxton Dell ; Indian Pass Creek. 4. Valeriana micrantha A. Nelson. In the mountains from Mont, and Ida. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — West Mancos Canon ; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 5. Valeriana ovata Rydb. In the mountains of Colo, and N. Mex. — Alt. up to 9500 ft. — Cameron's Cone. 6. Valeriana acutiloba Rydb. (V. oreophila Greene) In the mountains from Wyo. and Utah to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 8000-13,500 ft.— Silverton; Beaver Creek ; mountains about Ouray ; mountains above Graymont ; Ragged Mountains; Cameron Pass; Pike's Peak; Clear Creek; mountain near Veta Pass ; near Pagosa Peak ; Bear Creek Caiion ; Mt. Hesperus ; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Ruxton Dell; Gray's Peak; Carson; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch ; Salida ; Boreas ; Mt. Richtofen. 7. Valeriana occidentalis Heller. In wet places in the mountains from Ida. and Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Caiion of Cache la Poudre; Poverty Ridge, above Cimarron; Anita Peak; Beaver Creek. Order 49. CARDUALES. Flowers all with tubular corollas or none, or only the ray-flowers with ligulate corollas. Stamens distinct; flowers unisexual. 132. Ambrosiaceae. Stamens united by the anthers, or if distinct (in Knhnia) the flowers her- maphrodite. 133. Carduaceae. Flowers all with ligulate corollas. 134. Cichoriaceae. Family 132. AMBROSIACEAE Reich. Ragweed Family. Staminate and pistillate flowers in the same heads ; the latter few (rarely solitary or none), at the margins. Achenes turgid, ovoid or pear-shaped, marginless. Involucres of 5 dilated ovate, rigidly acuminate bracts ; achenes with a large terminal areola, surrounded by a disk. i. Oxytenia. Involucres not with dilated rigidly acuminate bracts ; terminal areola minute. 2. IvA. Achenes flattened, wing-margined ; involucres of 5 ovate or oblong herbaceous bracts and within them 1-2 large scarious bracts subtending the pistillate flowers. 3. DicoRiA. Staminate and pistillate flowers in different heads ; the latter 1-4, without corolla, and enclosed in a nut-like or burr-like involucre. Involucres of the staminate heads with united bracts ; receptacles low ; rudi- mentary styles penicillate or fimbriate at the apex. Spines or tubercles of the i -flowered pistillate heads in a single row. 4. Ambrosia. Spines of the 1-4-flowered pistillate heads in more than one row. 5. Gaertneria. Involucres of the staminate heads with distinct bracts ; receptacle cylin- draceous ; spines of the 2-flowered pistillate heads in several rows, uncinate. 6. Xanthium. 328 AMBROSIACEAE. I. OXYTENIA Nutt. I. Oxytenia acerosa Nutt. On dry plains from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. about 4500 ft. — San Juan Valley. 2. IVA L. M.\RSii Elder. Heads paniculate; leaves ovate, canescent beneath. i. /. xanthifolia. Heads axillary ; leaves obovate or oblong, green. 2. /. axillaris. 1. Iva xanthifolia Nutt. In moist soil, along streams and in waste places from Mich., Sask. and Wash, to Neb. and N. M.— Alt. 4000-7000 ft.— Sun- set Canon ; Cheyenne Mountain ; Ft. Collins ; Huerfano Valley, near Gardner ; Poudre River. 2. Iva axillaris Pursh. In alkaline or saline meadows from Sask. and B. C. to Ind. Terr, and Calif. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Gunnison ; near Greeley ; Grand Junction ; Calhan ; Ft. Collins ; Lamar. 3. DICORIA T. & G. I. Dicoria Brandegei A. Gray. On sandy bottoms from Colo, and Utah to Ariz. — San Juan River; between McElmo and Recapture Creeks. 4. AMBROSIA L. Rag-weed, Hog-weed. Involucres of the staininate heads 3-ribbed ; leaves palmately 3-5-cleft or entire. I. A. triMa. Involucres of the staminate heads not ribbed ; leaves once to thrice pinnatifid. Annual ; fruit with acute teeth. 2. A. artemisifolia. Perennial ; fruit with blunt teeth or unarmed. 3. A. psilostachya. 1. Ambrosia trifida L. In moist soil from Que. and Ass. to Fla. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — East of Windsor ; Ft. Collins ; Dixon Cafion ; Poudre Canon. Ambrosia trifida integrifolia (Muhl.) T. & G. A variety with entire leaves. Together with the species.— Cache la Poudre River. 2. Ambrosia artemisifolia L. In dry soil, waste places and fields from N. S. and B. C. to Fla. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Ft. Collins ; banks of the Poudre. 3. Ambrosia psilostachya DC. On prairies and plains from Ills., Sask. and Ida. to La. and Calif. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Golden ; New Wind- sor; Garden of the Gods; Pagosa Springs; Boulder; Lyons; Ft. Collins. 5. GAERTNERIA Med. Leaves twice or thrice pinnately dissected. Leaves regularly pinnate with linear or oblong divisions. Staminate involucres cleft below the middle ; root mostly annuals. 1. G. ac ant ho carp a. Staminate involucres not cleft to the middle ; perennials. Divisions of the leaves oblong or oblong-linear, acute. 2. G. tenuifoUa. Divisions of the leaves linear, obtuse. 3. G. linearis. Leaves interruptedly pinnate ; divisions ovate or triangular. 4. G. tomento'sa. Leaves simply pinnate or simple. 5. G. Grayi. AMBROSIACEAE. 329 1. Gaertneria acanthocarpa (Hook.) Britton. {Franseria Hookeria)ia Nutt.) On plains and in sandy valleys from Sask. and B. C. to Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Colorado Springs; Denver; Huerfano Valley, near Gardner ; Buena Vista ; Grand Junction ; Delta ; Rocky Ford ; Grand River. 2. Gaertneria tenuifolia (A. Gray) Kuntze. (Franseria tenuifolia A. Gray) In moist ground from Kans. and Colo, to Tex. and Calif. ; also in Mex. — Exact locality not given. 3. Gaertneria linearis Rydb. Dry plains of Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Calhan. 4. Gaertneria tomentosa (Nutt.) Heller. {Ambrosia tomentosa Nutt.; Franseria discolor Nutt.) In dry soil from S. D. and Wyo. to Kans. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Platte River; Ft. Collins; New Windsor; Boulder. 5. Gaertneria Grayi Heller. {Franseria tomentosa A. Gray) River val- leys in Kans., Neb. and Eastern Colo. — Exact locality not given. 6. XANTHIUM L. Cocklebur. I. Xanthium commune Britton. In valleys from Que. and N. Y. to Utah and Ariz. — Ft. Collins. Family 133. CARDUACEAE Necker. Thistle Family. Stigmatic lines at the base of the stigmas or below the middle ; heads always discoid, never yellow or brown ; anthers not caudate at the base. Stigma filiform or subulate, hispidulous. Tribe i. Vernoniae. Stigmas more or less clavate, papillose-puberulent. Tribe 2. Eupatoriae. Stigmatic lines extending to the tips of the stigmata or to the appendage thereof, if present. Anther-sacs not tailed at the base ; heads most commonly radiate and with yellow or brown disk-flowers. Stigmata of the perfect flowers with more or less distinct appendages ; these usually strongly hairy outside, glabrous inside, but never with a ring of longer hairs. Tribe 3. Astereae. Stigmata of the perfect flowers without appendages ; or if with appendages, these hairy on both sides and with a ring of longer hairs. Pappus never capillary ; stigma rarely appendaged. Bracts of the involucres herbaceous or foliaceous. Receptacle with chaft'y scales, subtending the flowers. Tribe 5. Heliantheae. Receptacle naked, or in Gaillardia with bristles, but not chaffy-bracted. Tribe 6. Heleniae. Bracts of the involucres dry and scarious. Tribe 7. Anthemideae. Pappus capillary ; stigma often appendaged. Tribe 8. Senecioneae. Anther-sacs caudate at the base ; heads never radiate and corollas yellow only in a few species of Carduus. Anthers not appendaged at the top ; heads heterogamous or dioecious ; pis- tillate flowers with filiform corollas. Tribe 4. Gnaphaliae. Anther with elongated cartilaginous, mostly caudate appendages at the top ; flowers all hermaphrodite or the marginal neutral ; corolla not filiform. Tribe 9. Cynareae. Tribe i. VERNONIAE. One genus. i. Vernonia. Tribe 2. EUPATORIAE. Achenes s-angled without intervening ribs ; pappus of wholly capillary bristles, mostly uniserial. 2. Eupatorium. Achenes 8-io-ribbed or 8-io-striate. 330 CARDUACEAE. Bracts of the involucre herbaceous or partly colored, not striate. 5. Laciniaria. Bracts of the involucres not herbaceous, striate-nerved. Pappus-bristles plumose ; anthers distinct ; bracts few. 3. KUHNIA. Pappus-bristles scabrous or barbellate ; anther united ; bracts usually many. 4. COLEOSANTHUS. Tribe 3. ASTEREAE. A. Plants not dioecious. I. Marginal pistillate flowers, if present, ligulate. a. Ray-flowers yellow or none. 1. Pappus consisting of scales or awns or lacking, never of numerous capillary bristles. Heads small, not over 4 mm. high, few-flowered ; pappus more or less paleaceous. 6. Gutierrezia. Heads large, many-flowered ; involucre in all except one species viscid ; pappus of a few deciduous awns. 7. Grindelia. 2. Pappus at least in part of numerous capillary bristles. a. Pappus double, the inner of capillary bristles : the outer of scales or short bristles ; involucres many-flowered, hemispherical with narrow imbricated bracts. 8. Chrysopsis. b. Pappus wholly of capillary bristles. * Heads discoid. Involucres narrowly turbinate ; its bracts more or less chartaceous, keeled, arranged in definite (usually s) vertical ranks; achenes elongated-linear ; stigma-tips subulate-filiform. 9. Chrysothamnus. Involucres broadly turbinate to hemispherical ; its bracts more or less imbricated, but not in definite vertical ranks ; achenes scarcely elongated-linear. Stigma-tips obtuse ; involucral bracts narrow, poorly imbricated. (Rayless species of) 31. Erigeron. Stigma-tips acute ; bracts either broad or well imbricated or both. Achenes truncate at the top, gradually tapering towards the base, usually cinereous-pubescent ; bracts neither broad nor abruptly acuminate. Appendages or tips of the styles filiform ; undershrubs with white-tomentulose stems and glandular-hairy foliage ; leaves entire-margined. 15. Macronema. Appendages or tips of the stigmas subulate to ovate. Leaves with spinulose-tipped teeth ; corolla-tube slender. (Rayless species of) 11. Sideranthus. Leaves not spinulose, in ours entire-margined ; corolla- tube dilated above. 10. Isocoma. Achenes elongated, obovoid, i. e., tapering at both ends, but more so below, multi-striate, glabrous or slightly hairy ; bracts of the involucres broad and abruptly acuminate ; ap- pendages of the stigmas ovate to short-subulate. 13. OONOPSIS. * Heads radiate. Leaves pinnately cleft or toothed : lobes or teeth spinulose-tipped. Pappus of the fertile achenes deciduous in a ring; annuals, equally leafy throughout ; bracts more or less foliaceous. 14. Prionopsis. Pappus persistent. Bracts chartaceous. not foliaceous, merely with green tips ; plants annual or perennial with a caudex, equally leafy throughout ; pappus in age more or less spreading ; achenes turbinate and densely silky. 11. Sideranthus. Bracts more or less foliaceous, at least above ; plants perennial with taproots, large basal leaves and few and rather small CARDUACEAE. 331 stem-leaves ; pappus not spreading ; achenes oblong, glabrous or sparingly pubescent. 12. Pyrrocoma. Leaves entire or toothed, but teeth not spinulose-tipped. Bracts not longitudinally striate. Bracts abruptly acuminate ; stems leafy up to the sessile heads. 13. OONOPSIS. Bracts not abruptly acuminate. Appendages of the stigma filiform, much longer than the stigmatic portion ; low shrubs with whitish bark and foli- aceous outer bracts. 15. Macronema. Appendages of the stigmas ovate or triangular, not longer than the stigmatic portion. Plants low cespitose evergreen undershrubs with more or less evergreen leaves and solitary peduncled heads. 16. Stenotus. Plants with wholly herbaceous stem, if at all woody only at the caudex ; leaves not evergreen. Bracts, at least the outer, foliaceous or with foliaceous tips. Disk-flowers tubular ; plants with a taproot. 12. Pyrrocoma. Disk-flowers more or less widened upwards ; plants with rootstock or short caudex. Heads corymbiform-cymose ; rays small and few ; plants leafy. 17. Oreochrysum. Heads solitary ; rays numerous ; plants dwarf. 18. TONESTUS. Bracts of the inflorescence not at all foliaceous or merely with green tips. Rays not more numerous than the disk-flowers ; re- ceptacle alveolate. Inflorescence racemose or paniculate ; bracts not in vertical rows. 19. Somdago. Inflorescence corymbiform ; bracts in distinct ver- tical rows. 20. Petradoria. Rays more numerous than the disk-flowers ; receptacle fimbriolate ; heads corymbose. 21. Euthamia. Bracts of the involucres longitudinally striate ; heads in con- gested corymbs. 22. Oligoneuron. b. Ray-flowers blue, pink or white. 1. Pappus a mere crown or of a few scales or awn-like bristles. 23. TOWNSENDIA. 2. Pappus of numerous capillary bristles. a. Rays only slightly if at all exceeding the pappus ; all annual. Bracts in 2-2 series, the outer foliaosous ; stigma-tips acute. 24. Brachyactis. Bracts in 1-2 series, narrow, not foliaceous ; stigma-tips obtuse. 32. Leptilon. b. Rays conspicuous, longer than the pappus, usually equalling or ex- ceeding the width of the disk. Stigma-tips lanceolate or oblong to filiform. Perennials with a rootstock or caudex. Bracts acuminate, as well as the leaves tipped with callous points or spines ; plants with cespitose caudices and solitary heads at the ends of the stems or branches. 25. Xylorrhiza. Bracts not acuminate, or if long-attenuate, with soft tips. Pappus dilated at the apex ; bracts narrow, more or less keeled. 26. Unamia. Pappus not dilated at the apex. 332 CARDUACEAE. Bracts broad with a distinct keel or mid-vein, not at all foliaceous. 27. Eicephalus. Bracts usually narrow, when broad neither keeled nor with a prominent mid-vein. 28. Aster. Annuals or biennials, or if short-lived perennials, not with root- stocks : bracts in many series, with herbaceous spreading or re- flexed tips: stigma-tips linear to filiform. 29. Machaeranthera. Stigma-tips triangular or ovate, obtuse or rarely acutish ; bracts not foliaceous. Involucres turbinate ; bracts well imbricated in several rows. 30. Leucelene. Involucres hemispherical or broader ; bracts in 1-3 series. 31. Erigeron. II. Marginal pistillate flowers not ligulate, reduced to a filiform or narrow short tube. 33. Eschenhachia. B. Heads unisexual, dioecious, discoid : pappus of the staminate flowers with clavate tips. 34. Baccharis. Tribe 4. GNAPHALIAE. Shrubs ; bracts coriaceous ; receptacle naked ; pistillate flowers numerous ; corolla reduced to a short slender tube; hermaphrodite flowers few and sterile; their pappus with clavate tips. 35. Berthelotia. Herbs, if at all shrubby only at the base ; bracts more or less scarious. Receptacle chaffy ; stigmas of the hermaphrodite sterile flowers not truncate. 36. FiLAGO. Receptacle not chaffy : stigmas of the hermaphrodite flowers mostly truncate. Plants dioecious, or the pistillate heads with a few hermaphrodite flowers in the center. Pappus-bristles of the pistillate flowers falling off in a ring ; those of the staminate flowers clavellate or apically barbellate, crisp ; central hermaphrodite flowers none. 37. Antennaria. Pappus-bristles of the pistillate flowers falling off separately ; those of the staminate flowers scarcely clavellate ; central hermaphrodite flowers pres- ent in the pistillate heads. 38. Anaphalis. Plants not dioecious ; flowers fertile throughout the heads. 39. Gnaphalium. Tribe 5. HELIANTHEAE. A. Bracts not enclosing the achenes of the rays ; plants not glandular-viscid. I. Disk-flowers hermaphrodite but sterile. Marginal pistillate flowers with conspicuous rays ; involucres of very dis- similar sets of bracts. 40. Melampodium. Marginal pistillate flowers reduced to a truncate or obliquely cleft tube ; the ligule, if any, reduced to 2 or 3 small teeth. 41. Parthenice. II. Disk-flowers fertile. a. Ray-flowers fertile, with 'very short tube, persistent on the achenes and becoming papery in texture. Achenes of the disk compressed; leaves entire. 42. Crassina. Achenes obtusely 4-angled ; leaves toothed. 43. Heliopsis. b. Ray-flowers deciduous from the achenes or wanting. I. Pappus a crown or none, or of a few scales on the angles of the achenes and rarely minute ones between. a. Achenes of the disk-flowers not obcompressed (except in Ratibida) ; chaffs usually more or less concave and clasping. Receptacle conic, subulate or columnar. Achenes 4-angled. 44- Brauneria. Achenes quadrangular-compressed ; apex of the achenes covered by the base of the corolla-tube. 45. Gymnolomia. Achenes nearly equally 4-angled ; apex not covered by the base of the corolla. 46. Rudbeckia. Achenes flattened, broad-margined or winged. 47. Ratibida. CARDUACEAE. 333 Receptacle from flat to convex. Achenes of the disk neither sharp-angled, margined nor winged. Rays fertile; their achenes commonly 3-angled or obcompressed ; plants with thick balsamiferous tap-roots. Pappus none ; stem scapiform or with reduced leaves. 48. Balsamorrhiza. Pappus a lacerate chaffy crown or of distinct chaffs ; stem low but leafy. 49. Wyethia. Rays sterile or wanting ; plants not with fleshy tap-root. Pappus none or a minute ring. 45. Gymnolomia. Pappus of 2 scarious awns. 50. Helianthus. Achenes of the disk thin-edged, margined or winged. Ray-flowers neutral ; achenes scarcely winged. 51. Helianthella. * Ray-flowers fertile ; achenes winged. 52. Ximenesia. b. Achenes obcompressed ; chaffs flat or hardly concave ; involucres distinctly double. Bracts of the involucres distinct or nearly so. Pappus in ours of small teeth, a mere border, or wanting. 53. Coreopsis. Pappus of 2-4 barbed or hispid awns. 54. Bidens. Bracts of the inner involucre united at least to near the middle. 55. Thelesperma. 2. Pappus of s-many, linear to lanceolate scales with thickened axis and hyaline margins. 74. Gaillardia. B. Bracts of the involucres uniserial, partly or wholly enclosing the achenes of the fertile ray-flowers ; plants glandular-viscid. 56. Madia. Tribe 6. HELENIAE. A. Plant-tissues without oil-glands. I. Ligules persistent and becoming papery on the striate achenes ; plants more or less woolly. 57. Psilostrophe. II. Ligules deciduous or none. a. Achenes flat with only marginal nerves ; disk-corollas 4-toothed. 58. Pericome. b. Achenes angled, not flat, nerved or striate. I. Receptacle naked. a. Bracts of the involucres pale or colored, at least the margins and tips scarious. Corollas of the disk-flowers with reflexed or spreading lobes ; bracts of the broadly campanulate involucres obovate or broadly oblong. Heads discoid. 59. Hymenopappus. Heads radiate ; ligules obscurely toothed, yellowish or white. 60. Leucampyx. Corolla of the disk -flowers with linear, erect lobes ; bracts of the turbinate involucres spatulate to linear-oblanceolate in two series ; heads' in our species radiate ; ligules deeply cleft, purple. 61. Polypteris. b. Bracts of the involucres neither colored nor scarious. Achenes 4-angled. Foliage impressed punctate ; leaves, at least the lower, opposite. Perennials, suff'ruticose at the base ; leaf -segments oblong to linear. 62. Picradeniopsis. Annuals : leaf-segments filiform or nearly so. 63. ACHYROPAPPUS. Foliage not impressed-punctate ; leaves alternate. Bracts obovate, cuneate or oblanceolate. Perennials with a woody caudex ; leaves entire; pappus of 10 scales. 64. Platyschkuhria. Annuals ; leaves dissected ; pappus in our species wanting. 65. Bahia. Bracts linear. 66. Chaenaciis. 334 CARDUACEAE. Achenes s-io-ribbed. Bracts of the involucre erect, not spreading nor rcflexed. Involucres many-flowered ; i)ai>pus present ; achenes tapering below. Bracts of the involucres nearly equal and similar, all distinct. Leaves simple ; stem scapiform or with a few small leaves ; heads long-peduncled. Corollas yellow ; bracts numerous : leaves linear to oblong. 67. Tetraneuris. Corollas flesh-colored; bracts about 12; leaf-blades from orbicular to oblong. 68. Chamaf.chaenactis. Leaves dissected into linear lobes ; stem low but leafy. 69. RvDIiERGIA. Bracts of the involucres unequal ; the outer united at the base. 70. Hymenoxys. Involucres few-flowered ; pappus wanting ; achenes linear, 8-10- striate. 71. Flaveria. Bracts of the involucres spreading or reflexed. Leaves not decurrent on the stem ; tubes of the disk -flowers moderately long. 72. Dugaldia. Leaves decurrent on the stem ; tubes of the disk-corollas very short or reduced to a ring. T2)- Helenitm. 2. Receptacle with bristle-like chaffs. 74. Gaillardia. B. Plant-tissues, especially the leaves and involucres with oil-glands ; plants heavy-scented. Bracts of the involucres more or less united ; stigmas of the disk-flowers elongated. Bracts of the involucres united only at the base ; stigmas with conical tips. 75. BOEBERA. Bracts of the involucres united into a cup ; stigmas obtuse. ■jd. Lowellia. Bracts of the involucres distinct ; stigma very short, obtuse, without an appendage. T7- Pectis. Tribe 7. ANTHEMIDEAE. Receptacle chaffy. Achenes terete, at least not flattened ; involucres hemispherical, large. 78. Anthemis. Achenes flattened ; involucres campanulate or obovoid, small. 79. Achillea. Receptacle naked or merely pubescent. Heads radiate. 80. Chrysanthemum. Heads discoid. Plants spiny: achenes and corollas cobwebby. 81. Picrotiiamnus. Plants not spiny ; achenes not cobwebby. 82. Artemisia. Tribe 8. SENECIONEAE. Plants scapiferous, dioecious or nearly so, with large basal leaves appearing after flowering ; hermaphrodite flowers usually sterile. 83. Petasites. Plants not scapiferous, not dioecious ; disk-flowers hermaphrodite, fertile. Involucres of many or several bracts. Involucres of commonly much overlapping or unequal bracts. 84. Haploestes. Involucres of connivent erect herbaceous equal bracts, with or without smaller calyculate ones below. Leaves mostly opposite ; pappus of a single series of rigid bristles. 85. Arnica. Leaves alternate ; pappus of numerous soft bristles. 86. Senecio. Involucres of 4-6, firm, concave, erect and strongly overlapping bracts ; shrubs with alternate leaves and discoid heads. 87. Tetradymia. CARDUACEAE. 335 Tribe 9. CYNAREAE. One genus. 88. Carduus. Tribe i. VERNONIAE. I. VERNONIA Schreb. Iron Weed. I, Vernonia Jamesii T. & G. (V. marginata (Torn) Britton) On plains from Neb. and Colo, to Ark. and Tex. — " On the Arkansas." Tribe 2. EUPATORIAE. 2. EUPATORIUM L. Joe-Pye Weed, Thorough-wort. Leaves verticillate in whorls of threes. Leaves ovate, acute. i. E. niaculatum. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate. 2. E. Bruneri. Leaves opposite. 3. E. texense. 1. Eupatorium maculatum L. In moist soil from N. Y. and B. C. to Ky. and N. M. — Along river east of Ft. Collins. 2. Eupatorium Bruneri A. Gray. {Eupatorium Rydbergii Britton) In moist soil from Iowa, Sask. and B. C. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Cafion City ; Ft. Collins ; La Poudre near La Porte. 3. Eupatorium texense (T. & G.) Rydb. (E. ageratifolium texense T. & G. ; E. ageratifolium A. Gray, mainly; not DC.) Rocky hills from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-8500 ft. — Caiion City; Box Caiion, west of Ouray; Trail Glen. 3. KUHNIA L. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, 3-ribbed, more or less toothed. Bracts narrowly linear, acuminate. i. K. Hitchcockii. Bracts linear, abruptly acute. 2. K. glutinosa. Leaves linear, i -ribbed, entire. 3. K. Goodingii. 1. Kuhnia Hitchcockii A. Nelson. Plains of Kans. and Colo. — Alt. 4000- 5000 ft. — Denver. 2. Euhnia glutinosa Ell. (K. eupatorioides corymbulosa T. & G.) On dry prairies and plains from Ills, and Mont, to Ky. and Colo. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Boulder; New Windsor; Ft. Collins; Spring Canon. 3. Kuhnia Goodingii A. Nels. On rocky hills and plains from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Engelmann Cafion ; Granite ; Manitou ; Durango ; Hotchkiss ; Pagosa Spring. 4. COLEOSANTHUS Cass. Leaf-blades ovate or deltoid. Leaves slender-petioled, not spinulose-toothed ; bracts thin, 2 mm. or less wide. Heads 30-50-flowered. Leaves thin, minutely puberulent ; teeth usually broadly triangular, acute ; peduncles usually longer than the heads. i. C. grandifloriis. Leaves thick, densely scabrous-pubescent, very veiny ; teeth rounded-ovate, obtuse or mucronate : peduncles shorter than the subumbellate heads. 2. C. mnbellatus. Heads io-25-flowered. 336 CARDUACEAE. Tips of the bracts not spreading ; leaf-blades 2-4 cm. long. 3. C. albicaulis. Tips of the bracts spreading, sqiiarrose ; leaf-blades less than i cm. long 4. C. scaber. Leaves subsessile or very short-petioled, si)inulose-toothed ; bracts firm, 3-6 mm. wide. 6. C. atractyloides. Leaves linear or oblong, sessile. 5. C. linif alius. 1. Coleosanthus grandiflorus (Hook.) Kuntze. (Brickellia grandiAora Xutt.) In canons, "bad-lands" and draws from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Ore. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Columbine ; Trappers' Lake ; canon north of Palmer Lake; bank of Poudre, La Porte. 2. Coleosanthus umbellatus Greene. {Brickellia grandiflura minor A. Gray; Coleosanthus congcstus A. Nels.) On hillsides and in canons from Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Colorado Springs; near Empire; Boulder Cafion, Boulder Co.; Pike's Peak; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; George- town ; Trout Creek ; Jefferson Co. ; Golden ; Canon City ; near Pagosa Peak ; southeast of Ouray ; Black Cafion ; Idaho Springs ; La Poudre ; Redstone ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Steamboat Springs ; Elk Cafion ; Powder River; Table Rock; Hayden ; Roaring Fork, Larimer Co. 3. Coleosanthus albicaulis Rydb. {Brickellia Wrightii Gray, in part.) In caiions and on foot-hills from Colo, and Utah to N. M. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Lower Boulder Cafion ; Trail Glen ; Manitou ; Golden ; Mt. Harvard ; foot- hills, Larimer Co.; near Boulder; Spring Canon; Glenwood Springs. 4. Coleosanthus scaber Greene. On dry soil in Colo. — Alt. about 4700 ft. — Deer River ; Mesa Verde. 5. Coleosanthus linif olius (D. C. Eaton) Kuntze. {Brickellia linif olia D. C. Eaton; C. humilis Greene.) In arid soil from Colo, and Nev. to Calif. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft." — Arboles; Grand Junction; canon of Smith's Fork; between Porter and Durango. 6. Coleosanthus atractyloides (A. Gray) Kuntze. {Brickellia atractyloides A. Gray.) In desert regions from Colo, and Nev. to Ariz, and Calif. — Southwestern Colo. 5. LACINIARIA Hill. Blazing Star. Pappus plumose; leaves strongly punctate. i. L. punctata. Pappus merely barbellate. Heads in a short raceme-like inflorescence ; bracts obovate with dark rose- purple, laciniate apices. 2. L. lig%ilistylis. Heads in a long raceme-like inflorescence ; bracts spatulate or obovate-oblan- ceolate with pale, merely erose apices. 3. L. scariosa. 1. Laciniaria punctata (Hook.) Kuntze. {Liatris punctata Hook.) On dry plains and hills from Iowa, Sask. and Mont, to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Miller's ranch; north slope of Cheyenne Mountain; Ft. Collins; Boulder; Denver; Pike's Peak; dry plains northwest of Denver; Westcliffe; Manitou ; Livermore, Larimer Co. ; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta ; New Windsor ; Gunnison ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Table Rock ; Poudre Canon ; Ft. Collins ; Golden ; Colorado Springs ; Salida. 2. Laciniaria ligulistylis A. Nels. On hills from Sask. to Colo. — Alt. 4000- 8000 ft. — Head of Redstone; Table Rock; La Veta; Alamosa; Twin Lakes; Pagosa Springs ; Larimer Co. ; Parlin, Gunnison Co. ; Westcliffe ; Jack's Cabin; Trout Creek; Sugar Loaf Mountain. CARDUACEAE. 337 3. Laciniaria scariosa (L.) Hill. (Liatris scariosa Willd.) On prairies from Me. and S. D. to Fla. and Kans. It has been reported from Colorado, but all specimens seen so named belong to the preceding. Tribe 3. ASTEREAE. 6. GUTIERREZIA Lag. Disc- and ray-flowers in each head 3-7 each. Surface of the leaves marked with large dots, each bordered by a hyaline scale. I. G. lepidota. Surface of the leaves not lepidote, either puberulent or glabrous. Axils of the leaves with fasciculate branches. 2. G. fasciculata. Axils of the leaves without fasciculate branches. Plant shrubby. Involucres elongated, clavate-turbinate, 2-3 mm. wide ; bracts oblong or lanceolate. 3- G. longifolia. Involucres campanulate, only slightly turbinate at the base, 3-4 mm. wide ; bracts ovate or obovate. 4. G. linearis. Plant ligneous only at the short persistent caudex. Leaves linear, usually 1.5-4 mtn. wide. Involucres oblong-turbinate, over 5 mm. long ; outer bracts lanceo- late ; stems 3-4 dm. high. S- G. scoparia. Involucres campanulate, somewhat turbinate only at the base ; bracts ovate ; stems 1-2 dm. high. 6. G. diversifolia. Leaves linear-filiform, less than i mm. wide. Ligules of the rays fully as long as the involucre. 7. G. Ulifolia. Ligules of the rays about half as long as the involucre. Heads usually peduncled and solitary at the ends of the branches. 8. G. divaricata. Heads usually subsessile in clusters of 3-4 at the ends of the branches. Plant low, 1-2 dm. high ; branches green ; leaves 1-2 cm. long. 9. G. juncea. Plants 3-4 dm. high ; branches with straw-colored bark ; leaves 3-4 cm. long. 10. G. Sarothrae. Disc- and ray-flowers in each head only 1-2 each. 11. G. glomerella. 1. Gutierrezia lepidota Greene. On dry plains of western Colo. — Grand Junction. 2. Gutierrezia fasciculata Greene. On dry plains in western Colo. — Grand Junction. 3. Gutierrezia longifolia Greene. On dry hills and plains from Colo, and Utah to N. M.— Alt. 4000-5500 ft.— Canon City; Westclifife ; Boulder. 4. Gutierrezia linearis Rydb. On plains from Neb. and Colo, to Kans. and N. M.— Alt. 6000-8000 ft.— Gunnison ; Red Rock Caiion, near Pike's Peak. 5. Gutierrezia scoparia Rydb. On dry plains from Wyo. to Colo. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Colorado Springs ; Manitou ; Boulder. 6. Gutierrezia diversifolia Greene. On plains from Sask. and Mont, to N. M. and Utah.— Alt. 5000-8000 ft.— Upper Larimer River; Ft. Collins; Gunnison; Muddy River, Middle Park; Parlin; Manitou; west of Loveland; La Veta ; Timnath. 7. Gutierrezia filifolia Greene. On dry plains from Ida. to N. M. and Nev. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Cucharas Valley, near La Veta. 8. Gutierrezia divaricata Nutt. On plains from Wyo. to Tex. and Utah. — San Juan Co. 22 338 CARDUACEAE. 9. Gutierrezia juncea Greene. On dry hills and plains from Okl. and Colo, to Ariz. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Garden of the Gods; Twin Lakes; WestclifFe. 10. Gutierrezia Sarothrae (Pursh.) B. & R. (G. Euthaniae T. & G.) On plains from Neb. and Wyo. to Kans. and Utah. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Colorado Springs ; Salida. 11. Gutierrezia glomerella Greene. On dry plains from Colo, to N. M. — Alt. about 4700 ft. — Deer Run. 7. GRINDELIA Willd. Gum Plant, Resin-weed. Tips of the outer bracts spreading; none reflexed. i. G. decumbens. Tips of the bracts squarrose ; those of the outer ones strongly reflexed. Heads radiate. Pappus-awns apparently smooth ; barbules seen only under a compound microscope. Stem-leaves oval, ovate, or ovate-oblong with a broad base. Leaves bluish-green, spinulose-dentate ; heads very broad and flat; its bracts broad and even the squarrose tips flattened. 2. G. texana. Leaves yellowish-green, merely dentate ; heads hemispherical ; its bracts narrow and with terete squarrose tips. 3. G. squarrosa. Stem-leaves ob'anceolate, rarely oblong. Leaves all finely serrate, dentate or subentire. Leaves finely and closely serrate. 4. G. serrulata. Leaves rather remotely dentate or subentire. 5. G. perennis. Leaves coarsely toothed ; the basal ones sub-laciniate. 6. G. subincisa. Pappus-bristles distinctly barbellate ; barbules distinctly seen with a com- mon pocket-lens. Stem tall, 4-6 dm. high, usually solitary ; stem-leaves broadly oblong or obovate ; bracts broad, only the outer ones squarrose-reflexed. 7. G. erecta. Plant low, about 3 dm. high ; usually several stems from the base ; stem- leaves oblanceolate or oblong ; all bracts squarrose. 8. G. subalpina. Heads discoid. Stem-leaves oval or obovate. 9. G. inornata. Stem-leaves oblanceolate or oblong. Outer bracts strongly recurved; inner not squarrose. 10. G. fastigiata. All bracts squarrose. 11. G. aphanactis. 1. Grindelia decumbens Greene. On plains from Kans. and Colo, to N. M. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Durango; Ignacio ; Pagosa Springs; Mancos; Cimarron. 2. Grindelia texana Scheele. (G. grandiAora Gray, in part; not Hook.) On plains from Colo, to Tex. and N. Alex.- — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Lower Boulder Canon. 3. Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal. On prairies and plains from Iowa and Wyo. to Kans. and Ariz. — Alt. up to 6000 ft. — Colorado Springs. 4. Grindelia serrulata Rydb. On plains and hills from Wyo. and Colo. — .A.lt. about 5000 ft. — Denver; Ft. Collins. 5. Grindelia perennis A. Nels. On plains and hills from Sask. and Ida. to Colo. — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — New Windsor; Boulder; Ft. Collins. 6. Grindelia subincisa Greene. On hills from Colo, and N. M. — Durango. 7. Grindelia erecta A. Nels. In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Near Empire; Georgetown; Huerfano Valley, near Gardner; Cerro Summit; mountains between Sunshine and Ward. 8. Grindelia subalpina Greene. In the mountains from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Boulder ; head of Lone Pine Creek. 9. Grindelia inornata Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Cai'ion City. CARDUACEAE. 339 10. Grindelia fastigiata Greene. On dry hills of western Colo. — Alt. about 4600 ft. — Grand Junction. 11. Grindelia aphanactis Rydb. In sandy soil in southwestern Colo. — Durango. 8. CHRYSOPSIS Nutt. Golden Aster. Leaves at least when young appressed canescent. Stem-leaves, except the lower ones sessile or nearly so. Stem-leaves oblong to lanceolate, decidedly acute. i. C. hirsntissiiiia. Stem-leaves obovate or obovate-lanceolate, mostly obtuse and mucronate or more seldom acutish. Leaves usually less than 3 cm. long; those of the branches short, 1-1.5 cm. long ; heads small ; involucres seldom i cm. broad, usually sub- tended by leaves. 2. C. foliosa. Leaves 3-6 cm. long ; those of the branches not reduced ; heads larger ; involucres over i cm. broad. Inner bracts with subulate usually brownish and spreading tips ; heads sessile. 3. C. caudata. Inner bracts merely acute. Heads peduncled, naked or subtended by 1-2 small linear or oblong leaves ; leaves neither cordate nor truncate at the base. 4. C. villosa. Heads sessile, subtended by ample oval leaves ; upper stem-leaves cordate or truncate at the base. 5- C. amplifolia. Leaves all except the uppermost petioled, oblanceolate, obtuse or acutish. Heads short-peduncled or sessile. Stem 3-5 dm. high ; heads peduncled. 6. C. Bakeri. Stems low, scarcely over i dm. high ; heads sessile. 7. C. alpicola. Heads long-peduncled ; peduncles 3-7 cm. long. 8. C. pedunculafa. Leaves hispid or hirsute with a spreading pubescence. Leaves copiously hairy, only slightly viscid. Leaves obovate, broadly oblanceolate or rarely oblong, subsessile except the lower: pubescence short. 9- C. horrid a. Leaves oblanceolate, all except the uppermost distinctly petioled. Plant tall. 3-4 dm. high ; heads more or less peduncled. Plant densely cespitose ; but stems simple to near the top. 10. C. arida. Plant profusely branched. 11. C Horibunda. Plant low, 1-2 dm. high; heads sessile. 12. C. pumila. Leaves sparingly hairy, decidedly viscid. Upper leaves obovate, sessile, obtuse ; lower oblanceolate, petioled. Involucres over i cm. broad, subtended with obovate or oblong leaves. 13. C. resinolens. Involucres less than i cm. broad, naked or subtended by small linear leaves. 14. C. viscida. Leaves all oblanceolate, acute. i5- C. hispida. 1. Chrysopsis hirsutissima Greene. In sandy soil from Sask. and N. D. to Colo, and Ariz.— Alt. 7000-9000 ft. — Arboles ; Veta Pass; Mancos. 2. Chrysopsis foliosa Nutt. In sandy soil from Minn, and Wash, to Kans. and Colo.— Cheyenne Mountain; Red Rock Canon; Spring Caiion; North Cheyenne Cafion. 3. Chrysopsis caudata Rydb. On hills and mountains of Colorado. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Ruxton Dell ; near Boulder. 4. Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nutt. (C. imhricata A. Nels. ?) On dry hills from Minn, and Ida. to Tex. and N. M.— Alt. 4000-10,000 ft.— Mt. Har- vard ; Tennessee Pass, Lake Co. ; Trail Glen ; Chambers' Lake ; New Wind- sor; mountains, Larimer Co.; Pike's Peak; Clear Creek; Middle Park; Steamboat Springs. 340 CARDUACEAE. 5. Chrysopsis amplifolia Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Ward ; Longmont ; Manitou. 6. Chrysopsis Bakeri Greene. (C. incana Greene; C. compacta Greene) On hills from Mont, and Ida. to N. M. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Columbine; Montrose; Jack's Cabin, Gunnison watershed; Box Canon, west of Ouray; Redcliffe; Big Creek Gulch; Marshall Pass; Lone Pine Creek, Larimer Co.; Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; Sangre de Cristo; Deer River; Black Cafion ; Cedar Edge ; Rogers ; near Pagosa Peak ; Tennessee Pass, Lake Co. ; Rist Caiion ; Graymont. 7. Chrysopsis alpicola Rydb. On the higher peaks of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 11,000-13,000 ft. — Clark's Peak; South Park; Gray's Peak; Graymount. 8. Chrysopsis pedunculata Greene. On hills in Colo. — Pagosa Springs. 9. Chrysopsis horrida Rydb. On hills from Neb. and Colo, to Tex. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — New Windsor. 10. Chrysopsis arida A. Nels. On dry hills from Kans. and Mont, to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-12,000 ft. — Twin Lakes; Mount Ouray; Boulder. 11. Chrysopsis floribunda Greene. In sandy soil in Colo. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — New Windsor ; Clack Cafion. 12. Chrysopsis pumila Greene. In canons of Neb. and Colo. — Alt. 10,000- 11,000 ft. — Near Empire. 13. Chrysopsis resinolens A. Nels. In sandy soil of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Chambers' Lake ; Boulder. Chrysopsis resinolens obtusata A. Nels. Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Mountains between Sunshine and Ward. 14. Chrysopsis viscida (A. Gray) Greene. (C. villosa viscida A. Gray) In the mountains from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — Manitou ; Breckenridge ; summit of North Park Range. 15. Chrysopsis hispida (Hook.) Nutt. (C. villosa hispida A. Gray) In sandy river valleys from Sask. and Alb. to N. M. and Ariz. — Black Caiion of the Gunnison. 9. CHRYSOTHAMNUS Nutt. Rabbit-brush. Bracts of the involucre acuminate. Achenes glabrous. Leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, puberulent ; plant less than 2 dm. high. I. C. deprcssiis. Leaves narrowly linear, slightly tomentulose or glabrous. Bracts thick, strongly carinate, glabrous. 2. C. pulcheUiis. Bracts thin, not strongly carinate, arachnoid-ciliate. 3. C. Bigelovii. Achenes pubescent. Bracts 4-6 in each vertical row. 2. C. pulclielhis. Bracts 2-3 in each vertical row. Outer bracts long-acuminate, produced and more or less foliaceous. Leaves linear, more or less distinctly 3-nerved. 4. C. Parryi. Leaves very narrowly linear, i -nerved. Leaves mostly erect ; the upper reduced, not exceeding the heads. 5. C. Newberryi. Leaves arcuate-spreading ; the upper longer than the heads. 6. C. Howardi. Outer bracts short, neither produced nor foliaceous. Heads 5-8 mm. high; bracts thin, glabrous; leaves filiform. CARDUACEAE. 341 Leaves 2-3 cm. long, over i mm. wide, light green. 7. C. Greeiiei. Leaves 1-2 cm. long, less than i mm. wide, dark green. 8. C. iilifolius. Heads about i cm. long ; bracts thicker, arachnoid-ciliate. Leaves 1-2 cm. long ; involucres lanate as well as arachnoid. 9. C. collinus. Leaves 3-4 cm. long ; involucres somewhat viscid, merely arachnoid- ciliate on the margin. 10. C. Ti'yomingensis. Bracts not acuminate. Achenes pubescent ; bracts acute or obtuse. Branches at least when young more or less whitened with a pannose to- mentum ; style-appendages longer than the stigmatic portion ; corolla 7-10 mm. long. Bracts and mature leaves perfectly glabrous. Bracts ovate, or the outer triangular ; involucre about half as long as the flowers. 11. C. virens. Bracts lanceolate to linear ; involucre more than half as long as the flowers. Lobes of the corollas lanceolate, mostly acute, in age spreading. Leaves nearly erect or strongly ascending, straight, 1-2 mm. wide. 12. C. graveolens. Leaves spreading or reflexed, more or less falcate, about i mm. wide. 13. C. patens. Lobes of the corolla ovate, obtuse, about 0.5 mm. long, erect in age. Leaves about 0.5 mm. wide. 14. C. pinifoliiis. Leaves about 2 mm. wide. 15. C. coniinis. Bracts erose-ciliate on the margin, or tomentose, or both. Leaves i mm. or less, spreading. 16. C. plattensis. Leaves 1-2.5 mm. wide. Bracts narrow, linear-lanceolate, strongly carinate, almost glabrous, except the erose-ciliate margins. 17. C. pidcherrimus. Bracts usually broader, more or less densely tomentose and viscid as well as ciliate. 18. C. frigidus. Branches green, without tomentum ; style-appendages shorter than the stig- matic portion : corolla 5-7 mm. long. Leaves and stem glabrous or nearly so, except the hispidulous-ciliate mar- gins of the former. Leaves narrowly linear, 1-2 mm. wide, strongly twisted. 19. C. elegans. Leaves linear to lance-linear or oblanceolate, 2-8 mm. wide, not twisted. Bracts linear, oblong, or lanceolate. Bracts at least the outer ones with thick green tips. 20. C. linifolius. Bracts comparatively thin, not green-tipped. 21. C. serrulatiis. Bracts ovate, oval or the inner broadly elliptic. 22. C. latifolius. Leaves and stem decidedly puberulent. Leaves 3-6 mm. wide, rarely twisted. 2^. C. lanceolafus. Leaves 1-2.5 mm., wide, usually twisted. 24. C. puberulus. Achenes glabrous ; bracts rounded at the apex. 25. C. Vaseyi. 1. Chrysothamnus depressus Nutt. (Bigelovia depressa A. Gray) Plains of Utah, Colo, and N. M.— Alt. 4000-8000 ft.— Gunnison ; Squaw Creek, above Cimarron. 2. Chrysothamnus pulchellus (A. Gray) Greene. {Bigelovia pulchella A. Gray) On dry hills from Colo, and Utah to Tex. and N. M. ; also in Mex. — Exact locality not given. 342 CARDUACEAE. 3. Chrysothamnus Bigelovii (A. Gray) Greene. (Bigelovia Bigelovii A. Gray) On dry plains from Colo, and Utah to Tex. and N. M. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Huerfano Co.; mesas, La Vela; Buena Vista. 4. Chrysothamnus Parryi (A. Gray) Greene. (Bigelovia I'arryi A. Gray) On hills and in dry valleys from Wyo. to Colo. — Alt. 7500-10,000 ft. — Gray's Peak; Georgetown; South Park; near Empire; Lake City; southeast of Ouray ; North Fork ; Pitkin ; mesa, Yampa ; Parlin ; Cottonwood Lake ; Twin Lakes; Steamboat Springs; Marshall Pass; Cerro Summit; Cumbres ; Mt. Harvard; on Grizzly Creek; near Empire; Middle Park; Black Canon of the Gunnison; Little Muddy, Gunnison Co.; Breckenridge ; Hayden. 5. Chrysothamnus Newberryi Rydb. On dry hills of N. M. and Colo. — Mesa Verde. 6. Chrysothamnus Howard! (Parry) Greene. (Bigelovia Howardii A. Gray) On dry hills from Neb. and Wyo. to Colo. — Middle Park; Greene, North Park; near Walden. 7. Chrysothamnus Greenei (A. Gray) Greene. (Bigelovia Greenei A. Gray; C. scoparius Rydb.) On plains of Colo. — Alt. 5000-7500 ft.— Huerfano Co.; La Veta ; Hugo. 8. Chrysothamnus filifolius Rydb. On plains of Colo. — Antonito ; Granite. 9. Chrysothamnus coUinus Greene. On hills of Wyo. and Colo. — West- cliffe. 10. Chrysothamnus wyomingensis A. Nelson. On dry plains of Wyo. and Colo.— South Park at Jefferson. 11. Chrysothamnus virens Greene. Plains of southern Colo. — Pike's Peak; Canon City. 12. Chrysothamnus graveolens (Nutt.) Greene. (Bigelovia graveolens A. Gray) In canons, on " bad-lands," and dry hills from Neb. and Mont, to N. M. and Utah. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — New Windsor ; Golden ; Grand Junc- tion; near Denver; Grizzly Creek; Caiion City; Idaho Springs; Egeria Park; Breckenridge ; Ft. Collins ; Boulder ; Delta ; Jefferson Co. 13. Chrysothamnus patens Rydb. On dry plains and hills in Colo. — Alt. 4600-7500 ft. — Grand Junction ; Alamosa ; Manitou ; lola. 14. Chrysothamnus pinifolius Greene. On dry hills and plains in Colo. — Alt. 7000-13,000 ft. — Gunnison; Doyles ; Mt. Abram. 15. Chrysothamnus confinis Greene. On arid plains of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Grizzly Creek; Huerfano Valley, near Gardner. 16. Chrysothamnus plattensis Greene. On plains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Denver; New Windsor; near Hebron; Ft. Collins. 17. Chrysothamnus pulcherrimus A. Nels. On plains from Mont, to Colo. — North Park; Pagosa Springs; near Hebron; Grand River, near State Bridge; Trimble Springs; Poudre Canon; forks of Poudre and Big South; Gypsum. 18. Chrysothamnus frigidus Greene. On plains from Ass. to Colo. — xA.lt. 8000 ft. — Buena Vista. 19. Chrysothamnus elegans Greene. On plains of Colo. — Alt. 7500-8500 ft. — Gunnison ; Doyles ; South Park. 20. Chrysothamnus linifolius Greene. On dry plains of Wyo. and Colo.— Alt. 4000-5000 ft.— Deer Run; Grand Junction; Hotchkiss, Delta Co.; Olathe. CARDUACEAE. 343 21. Chrysothamnus serrulatus (Torn) Rydb. {Bigelovia Douglasii ser- rulata A. Gray; C. glaucus A. Nels.) On dry plains of Wyo. and Utah to Colo. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Gypsum ; road to Steamboat Springs ; Cottonwood Lake; South Park, near Jefferson; North Park; headwaters of Clear Creek; Twin Lakes; Middle Park. 22. Chrysothamnus latifolius (D. C. Eaton) Rydb. (Bigelovia Douglasii latifolia A. Gray) On dry plains from Mont, and Wash, to Colo. 23. Chrysothamnus lanceolatus Nutt. {Bigelovia Douglasii lanceolata A. Gray) On dry plains and hills from Mont, and Wash, to Colo. — Alt. 7000- 8500 ft. — Cottonwood Lake ; Grizzly Creek ; Black Canon ; Cerro Summit ; North Park, near Walden ; Hayden, Routt Co. 24. Chrysothamnus puberulus (D. C. Eaton) Greene. (Linosyris viscidi- Hora puberula D. C. Eaton) On dry plains and hills from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000-9500 ft. — Pitkin ; Parlin ; South Park, south- east of Jefferson. 25. Chrysothamnus Vaseyi (A. Gray) Greene. (Bigelovia Vaseyi A. Gray) In the mountains of Wyo., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. about 7500 ft. — Middle Park; Greene, North Park; Gunnison; Squaw Hill, above Cimarron. 10. ISOCOMA Nutt. Bracts acute, linear-lanceolate. i. /. phiriiiora. Bracts obtuse or obtusish, linear, oblong or oblanceolate. 2. /. Wrightii. 1. Isocoma pluriflora (T. & G.) Greene. (Bigelovia pluriflora A. Gray) On plains of Colo. — " On the Arkansas." 2. Isocoma Wrightii (A. Gray) Rydb. (Bigelovia Wrightii A. Gray) On banks and in saline soil from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — San Juan Valley (Brandegee). II. SIDERANTHUS Nutt. Leaves spinescently toothed, not pinnatifid. Heads discoid; perennial with woody caudex. i. S. grindelioides. Heads radiate ; annual. 2. .S". annuus. Leaves pinnatifid at least the lower ones. Stem more or less floccose or cinereous, especially when young. Plant cinereous-pubescent, more or less glandular. 3. S. australis. Plant more or less floccose, not at all glandular. 4. S. spinulosus. Plant neither floccose nor cinereous. Plant glabrous or slightly glandular-puberulent. 5. 6". glaberrimiis. Plant decidedly pubescent. Plant finely puberulent. 6. 6". puberulus. Plant hispid-strigose. 7. 5". gracilis. 1. Sideranthus grindelioides (Nutt.) Britton. (Aplopappus Nuttallii T. & G.) On dry plains and hills from Ass. and Nev. to Neb. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft.^Grand Jimction; Rifle; Hotchkiss. 2. Sideranthus annuus Rydb. (Aplopappus rubiginosus A. Gray; not T. & G.) On sandy soil from Neb. and Colo, to Kans. and Tex. — Alt. 4000- 5000 ft. — Platte Valley, Julesburg; New Windsor; Ft. Collins. 3. Sideranthus australis (Greene) Rydb. (Aplopappus australis Greene) On dry soil from Colo, to Tex. and N. M. ; also in Mex. — Alt. about 4700 ft. — Deer Run. 344 CARDUACEAE. 4. Sideranthus spinulosus (Pursh) Sweet. {Aplopappus spinulosus DC.) On dry plains and prairies from Minn., Sask. and Mont, to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Cheyenne Mountain ; Denver ; Arboles ; Manitou ; Ft. Col- lins ; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta ; Greeley; Canon City; New Windsor; Spring Cafion ; Hotchkiss; Boulder; roadside near Rocky Ford; Ft. Collins; Wray; Raton Range. 5. Sideranthus glaberrimus Rydb. On dry plains from S. D. and Wyo. to Ind. Terr, and Colo. — Table Rock. 6. Sideranthus puberulus Rydb. On dry hills in Colo. — Alt. up to 8000 ft. — Salida ; Buena Vista. 7. Sideranthus gracilis (Nutt.) Rydb. {A. gracilis A. Gray) On dry hills from Colo, and Utah to Tex. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. about 6700 ft. — Durango; between Porter and Durango; Mancos. 12. PYRROCOMA Nutt. Bracts except the innermost obtuse, obovate or oblong. i. P. crocea. Bracts mostly acute or acuminate. Heads large ; disk 2 cm. or more in diameter ; bracts in about 3 series. Upper part of stem and involucre decidedly villous ; bracts wholly foliaceous. 2. P. dementis. Stem and involucre almost glabrous ; bracts chartaceous at the base, with foliaceous tips. 3- P- integrifolia. Heads smaller ; disk less than 2 cm. in diameter. Bracts in 2-3 unequal series. Stem and bract more or less white-woolly. 4. P. lagopus. Stem and bracts glabrous or nearly so. S. P. Vaseyi. Bracts nearly of the same length. Plant villous. 6. P. inuloides. Plant, except the upper parts, glabrate in age. 7. P. uniflora. 1. Pyrrocoma crocea (A. Gray) Greene. {Aplopappus croceus A. Gray) In the mountains from Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz.— Alt. 5000-8000 ft.— Doyle's ; Cerro Summit; North Park; La Plata Canon; Steamboat Springs; between Pallas and Sydney; Egeria Park; Little Muddy; Gunnison Co.; Walton Creek; Boulder; North Park, along the Michigan; Willow Creek, Routt Co. 2. Pyrrocoma Clementis Rydb. In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Tennessee Pass; Robinson; Mt. Harvard. 3. Pyrrocoma integrifolia (Porter) Greene. (Aplopappus integrifolius Por- ter) In the mountains from Sask. and B. C. to Colo.— Rabbit-Ear Range. 4. Pyrrocoma lagopus Rydb. On dry plains and alkali flats in Wyo. and Colo.— North Park. 5. Pyrrocoma Vaseyi (Parry) Rydb. {Aplopappus lanceolatus Vaseyi Parry) In the mountains from Wyo. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Middle Park; Lake John, North Park; North Fork, Larimer Co. 6. Pyrrocoma inuloides (Hook.) Greene. {Aplopappus inuloides Nutt.) Plains from Mont, and Ida. to Colo. — North Park, near edge of Wyoming. 7. Pyrrocoma uniflora (Hook.) Greene. (Aplopappus uniHorus Nutt.) In river valleys from Sask. and Mont, to Colo, and Utah. 13. OONOPSIS Greene. Dwarf; stem less than i dm. high; heads 6-10 dm. high. i. O. Engelmannii. Plant robust, 1.1-3 dm. high; heads 15-20 mm. high. CARDUACEAE. 345 Heads several. 2. O. foliosa. Head solitary. 3. O. monocephala. 1. Oonopsis Engelmannii (A. Gray) Greene. {Bigelovia Engelmamiii A. Gray) On dry plains from Kans. to Colo. — Hugo Station. 2. Oonopsis foliosa (A. Gray) Greene. {Aplopappus Fremontii A. Gray) On mountains of Colo. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Pueblo; Fremont Co.; Caiion City; Florence; Rocky Ford. 3. Oonopsis monocephala A. Nelson. Only known from the type locality at Berwind, Colorado. 14. PRIONOPSIS Nutt. I. Prionopsis ciliata Nutt. (Aplopappus ciliatus DC.) On hillsides and banks from Mo. and Colo, to Tex. — Exact locality not given. 15. MACRONEMA Nutt. Outer bracts oblong, acute. 1. M. discoideum. Outer bracts broadly oblong, obtuse. 2. M. obtusum. 1. Macronema discoideum Nutt. (Aplopappus Macronema A. Gray) On the mountains from Colo, and Utah to Calif. — Alt. up to 12,000 ft. — George- town; Marshall Pass; Mt. Harvard; Sangre de Cristo; Mt. Ouray. 2. Macronema obtusum Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — South Cottonwood Gulch, Chaffee Co. ; Twin Lakes. 16. STENOTUS Nutt. Bracts lanceolate, acute. i. 5". acaulis. Bracts oval or oblong, very obtuse. 2. S. armerioides. 1. Stenotus acaulis Nutt. (Aplopappus acaulis A. Gray) On hills from Sask. and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Meeker, Rio Blanco Co. 2. Stenotus armerioides Nutt. On dry hills and "bad lands" from Man. and Ass. to N. M. — Alt. up to 7000 ft. — Cimarron. 17. OREOCHRYSUM Rydb. I. Oreochrysum Parryi (A. Gray) Rydb. (Aplopappus Parryi A. Gray; Solidago Parryi Greene) On mountains from Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-12,000 ft. — Villa Grove ; Silver Plume ; southeast of Ouray.; Cam- eron Pass ; Ruby ; Marshall Pass ; Minnehaha ; Buffalo Pass, Park Range ; Cottonwood Lake ; Grizzly Creek ; Pagosa Peak ; Devil's Causeway, White River Plateau ; Berthoud Pass ; Georgetown ; Silverton ; Mt. Harvard ; moun- tains between Sunshine and Ward; Vance Junction; Bitter Creek; Gray's Peak ; Lake City ; Clear Creek. • 18. TONESTUS A. Nelson. Bracts acute; plant viscid-puberulent. i. T. Lyallii. Bracts obtuse ; plant soft-pubescent or glabrate, scarcely viscid. 2. T. pygmaeus. I. Tonestus Lyallii (A. Gray) A. Nelson. (Aplopappus Lyallii A. Gray; Pyrrocoma Lyallii Rydb.) On high mountains from Mont, and Wash, to Colo. — Clear Creek. 346 CARDUACEAE. 2. Tonestus pygmaeus (T. & G.) A. Nels. {Aplopappus pygmaeus A. Gray; Macroncma pygmaciim Greene) On mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft. — Clear Creek; Gray's Peak; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains ; Mt. Princeton ; Cameron Pass, Larimer Co. ; Pike's Peak ; Bald Mountain; Silver Plume; Mt. Garfield; near Pagosa Peak; Beaver Creek; Raton Range; Middle Park. 19. SOLID AGO L. Golden Rod. Leaves glabrous or slightly pubescent along the veins and on the margins. Leaves not triple-veined ; branches of the inflorescence not recurved-spread- ing; heads not secund. Bracts of the inflorescence lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate. Leaves ciliate at the base. L Virgaureae. Leaves not ciliate at the base. IV. Gi.aberrimae. Bracts of the inflorescence oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse. Leaves, at least the basal ones, toothed ; stem-leaves few ; plants 1-4 dm. high. IL HuMiLES. Leaves all entire ; stem very leafy, 4-8 dm. high. IIL Speciosae. Leaves triple-veined ; heads more or less secund on recurved-spreading branches. Plants slender, not very leafy, 2-4 dm. high ; stem-leaves narrowly oblan- ceolate or linear. IV. Glaberrimae. Plant tall, leafy, 4-10 dm. high; stem-leaves lanceolate. V. Serotinae. Leaves densely canescent. Leaves lanceolate ; bracts narrowly linear-lanceolate. VI. Serotinae. Leaves, at least the lower ones, oblanceolate or obovate. VII. Incanae. I. Virgaureae. Plant low and slender, 1-3 dm. high ; inflorescence corymbiform ; branches with a single or a few corymbose heads. Heads 7-9 mm. high ; inner bracts linear-lanceolate, of about the same length as the flowers and pappus ; plant 2-^ dm. high. i. 5". scopulorum. Heads 5-7 mm. high ; bracts lanceolate ; the inner shorter than the flowers and the pappus ; plant usually less than 2 dm. high. 2. 6". ciliosa. Plants stout. 3-4 dm. high ; inflorescence paniculate : branches racemiform : heads 7-9 mm. high. Basal leaves broadly oblanceolate, acute ; stem pubescent. 3. S. rubra. Basal leaves narrowly oblanceolate, obtuse ; stem glabrous up to the inflorescence. 4. 5". laevicauUs. II. Humiles. Plant low, i-i.S dm. high; inflorescence with few heads, short, congested. 5. S. decumhens. Plant taller, 2-4 dm. high ; inflorescence with many heads, elongated. Leaves not ciliate ; bracts oblong ; inflorescence usually narrow. 6. S. oreophila. Leaves ciliate at the base ; bracts linear ; inflorescence open. 7. 5". dilatata. III. Speciosae. One species. 8. 5". pallida. IV. Glaberrimae. Heads less than 5 mm. high ; stem slender. Inflorescence decidedly viscid ; leaves indistinctly triple-veined. 9. S. viscidula. Inflorescence not viscid ; leaves distinctly triple-veined. CARDUACEAE. 347 Inflorescence narrow, scarcely secund ; bracts linear-lanceolate. ID. 6". missouriensis. Inflorescence usually open and more or less secund ; bracts oblong-lanceolate. U.S. glabcrrima. Heads 6-7 mm. high; stem stout. 12. S. concinna. V. Serotixae. Leaves green, sparingly pubescent or glabrous ; pubescence scabrous, mostly confined to the margins and the veins. Stem usually glabrous up to the inflorescence ; heads 5 mm. high or more ; leaves glabrous except on the margins and on the mid-veins. 13. 5. Pitcheri. Stem more or less pubescent. Heads 5 mm. or more high ; leaves pubescent ; plant stout. 14. 5'. polyphylla. Heads about 4 mm. high ; plant comparatively slender. Leaves pubescent at least on the veins. 15. S. canadensis. Leaves glabrous, except the scabrous-ciliolate margins. 16. .S". serra. Leaves densely canescent, especially beneath. Leaves usually broadly lanceolate, scabrous above. 17. 5". scabrinscula. Leaves linear-lanceolate, finely and rather softly canescent on both sides, more or less yellowish-gray. 18. 5. gilvocanescens. VII. Incanae. Plants low, 1-2 dm. high ; inflorescence corymbiform ; branches not secund. 19. S. nana. Plants tall, 2-6 dm. high ; inflorescence narrow, or if open with distinctly secund branches. Bracts oblong of linear, obtuse ; stem-leaves scarcely triple-veined ; inflorescence usually narrow. Stem-leaves oblanceolate. 20. S. pulcherrima. Stem-leaves spatulate or elliptic. 21. S. radulina. Bracts lanceolate or ovate, acute ; stem-leaves distinctly triple-veined ; in- florescence usually more open. Stem-leaves oblanceolate or elliptic ; bracts lanceolate. 22. S. trinervata. Stem-leaves obovate, thick ; bracts ovate. 23. S. mollis. 1. Solidago scopulorum (A. Gray) A. Nels. (S. multiradiata scopulorum A. Gray) On hills and mountains from Alb. and B. C. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft.— Bard Creek, near Empire ; Lake City ; Grizzly Creek ; White River Plateau ; Robinson ; Mt. Harvard ; Big South ; Gore Pass. 2. Solidago ciliosa Greene. In the higher mountains from Alb. to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. up to 13,000 ft. — fronton, San Juan Co.; Seven Lakes; Gray's Peak. 3. Solidago rubra Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — North Park; Grizzly Creek, Larimer Co. 4. Solidago laevicaulis Rydb. In the mountains of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. up to 11,000 ft. — North Park; Berthoud Pass. 5. Solidago decumbens Greene. {S. hmnilis nana A. Gray) On the higher mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft. — Gray's Peak; near Em- pire ; Mt. Harvard ; Mt. Garfield ; near Pagosa Peak ; Bottomless Pit ; Cam- eron Pass ; Berthoud Pass. 6. Solidago oreophila Rydb. {S. hmnilis A. Gray, in part ; 5". humilis Pat- tcrsonii Gandoger) In the mountains from Mackenzie to Colo. — Alt. 7000- 11,000 ft. — Clear Creek; near Empire; near Pagosa Peak; Minnehaha; Estes 348 CARDUACEAE. Park; Grizzly Creek; Villa Grove; Bear Creek Canon; Crystal Park; Wil- low Creek ; La Plata Canon ; Cripple Creek road ; Marshall Pass ; Cottonwood Lake; Chambers' Lake; Twin Lakes; South Park; Mount Baldy ; Ruxton Dell ; The Crags ; Steamboat Springs ; Baxter's ranch ; Table Rock ; between Sunshine and Ward; Palmer Lake; Beaver Creek; Bosworth's ranch; Stove Prairie. 7. Solidago dilatata A. Nels. In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 8000-9500 ft. — Mountains between Sunshine and Ward. 8. Solidago pallida (Porter) Rydb. (S. spectabilis Coulter; not A. Gray; S. sl^cciosa pallida Porter) On hills from N. D. to Neb. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-6500 ft. — Lower Boulder Caiion ; Manitou ; Bosworth's ranch, Stove Prairie ; Bergen Park. 9. Solidago viscidula Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Grand Lake. 10. Solidago missouriensis Nutt. {S. Tolmicana A. Gray) On hills and mountains from Wyo. and Ida. to Colo. — Clear Creek; North Park; Middle Park. 11. Solidago glaberrima iMartens. {S. Missouriensis A. Gray; not Nutt.) On plains and hills from Mich., Alb. and Ida. to Mo., Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Pike's Peak; New Windsor; Cheyenne Mountain; Durango; near Empire; Mt. Harvard; Boulder; Ft. Collins; Long Gulch; Horsetooth Mountain; Georgetown; falls of Poudre River; Stove Prairie Hill. 12. Solidago concinna A. Nels. {S. Missouriensis extraria A. Gray) In the mountains from Alb. and B. C. to Colo.— Alt. 5000-9000 ft.— Pike's Peak; Ft. Collins; New Windsor; Gunnison; lola; North Park; Minnehaha; Crys- tal Park ; Ruxton Park ; Durango ; Dillon ; Englemann Cafion ; Breckenridge ; Soldier Cafion. 13. Solidago Pitcheri Nutt. {S. serotina A. Gray, in part) Along streams from ^Vmn. and Wash, to Ark. and Colo.— Alt. 4000-6000 ft.— New Windsor; Lower Boulder Canon; La Porte, Larimer Co.; North Cheyenne Canon; Colorado Springs; Williams' Canon; Ft. Collins; Soldiers' Cafion; Pleasant Valley; Poudre Flats; La Porte; Denver. 14. Solidago polyphylla Rydb. {S. Canadensis procera A. Gray, in part) Along streams from B. C. to N. M. and Wash.— Alt. about 7000-8000 ft.— Englemann Canon ; Gunnison ; Caiion City. 15. Solidago canadensis L. Among bushes from Lab. and Mackenzie to Colo.— Alt. 4000-8000 ft.— Gypsum, Eagle Co.; Parlin ; Dillon; Denver; Ches- ter; Twin Lakes; Gunnison; Gunnison Co.; North Park; Gypsum Creek Caiion; Elk River; Ft. Collins. 16. Solidago serra Rydb. Along streams, W'yo. and Colo. — Yampa. 17. Solidago scabriuscula (Porter) Rydb. {S. Canadensis scabriuscula Porter; var. scabra T. & G., in part) In dry soil from N. D. and Wyo. to Mo. and Tex. — Alt. 5000 ft. — Ft. Collins. 18. Solidago gilvocanescens Rydb. (6". Canadensis gilvocancscens Rydb.) In sandy soil from Minn, and N. D. to Neb. and Colo.— Alt. 4000-5000 ft.— Ft. Collins ; Redstone. 19. Solidago nana Nutt. On high, dry plains from Mont, to Colo, and Ariz. Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Pagosa Springs ; source of Leroux Creek. 20. Solidago pulcherrima A. Nels. {S. nemoralis A. Gray, in part; not Ait.) Dry plains from Minn, and N. D. to Colo, and Ariz.— Alt. 6000-10,000 CARDUACEAE. 349 ft. — Pike's Peak ; Bosworth's ranch, Stove Prairie ; mountains between Sun- shine and Ward ; Soldier Cafion. A variety with linear bracts was collected in Sheep Canon. 21. Solidago radulina Rydb. In the mountains of Utah and Colo. — Alt. 6000-8000 ft. — Meadow Park; Gunnison Co. 22. Solidago trinervata Greene. On dry plains and hills from S. D. and Wyo. to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-9500 ft. — Lower Boulder Caiion ; Idaho Springs; east of Laramie River; New Windsor; along Bear River, below Steamboat Springs ; Durango ; near Mancos ; lola ; southeast of Ouray ; Wol- cott ; west of Ouray ; between Porter and Durango ; Elk Canon ; Ft. Collins ; Poudre River; Black Caiion of the Gunnison. 23. Solidago mollis Bartl. (S. nemoralis incana A. Gray) On plains from N. D. and Mont, to Colo, and Tex. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Ft. Collins; New Windsor; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta. 20. PETRADORIA Greene. I. Petradoria pumila (T. & G.) Greene. (Solidago pumila T. & G.) On high mountains from Wyo. and Nev. to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Durango ; Grand Junction ; Cerro Summit. 21. EUTHAMIA Nutt. I. Euthamia occidentalis Nutt. (Solidago occidentalis Nutt.) In moist ground from Mont, and Wash, to N. M. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Hotchkiss, Delta Co.; Sterling; Deer Run; Olathe, Delta Co.; Hotchkiss; Delta. 22. OLIGONEURON Small. I. Oligoneuron canescens Rydb. (Solidago rigida humilis Porter) On prairies and river valleys from Sask. and Mont, to Neb. and Colo. — Pagosa Springs ; Hayden. 23. TOWNSENDIA Hook. Bracts acuminate. Stems low with spreading basal branches, which surpass it in length. I. T. grandiflora. Stems erect or nearly so, wholly simple below. Involucre about 1.5 cm. broad, naked. 2. T. eximia. Involucre about 2-3 cm. broad, generally subtended by leaves. 3. T. Vreelandii. Bracts acute or obtuse. Stems evident, leafy. Stems 5-20 cm. high ; annuals and biennials. Bracts of the involucre 3-ranked ; pubescence of the stem appressed ; leaves linear. 4. T. Fendleri. Bracts 2-ranked ; pubescence of the stem not strictly appressed ; earlier leaves spatulate. 5. T. strigosa. Stem usually evident, but short, 1-5 cm. long ; perennials. Leaves more or less cinereous. Pappus of the rays consisting of bristles H-54 as long as those of the disk-flowers. 6. T. incana. Pappus of the rays reduced to a crown of short squamellae. 5. T. strigosa. Leaves glabrous or nearly so. 7. T. glabella. 350 CARDUACEAE. Plant acaulescent ; heads sessile among the rosulate leaves. Plant glabrate, cinereous only when young; leaves oblanceolate or spatulate. Bracts broadly lanceolate, tinged with red. Bracts obtuse ; ray-flowers with a very short pappus. 8. 7". Rothrockii. Bracts acute : pappus of disk-and ray-flowers alike. 9. 7". Wilcoxiaua. Bracts narrowly lanceolate, mostly green. 10. T. intermedia. Plant permanently cinerous ; leaves linear or linear-oblanceolate. 1 1 . 7". exscapa. 1. Townsendia grandiflora Nutt. On plains and hills from S. D. and Wyo. to Ind. Terr, and Colo. — Alt. 4000-11,000 ft. — Morrison; Manitou ; South Table Mountain ; Ft. Collins ; Larimer Co. ; Red Rock Canon ; Garden of the Gods ; Spring Cation ; Boulder ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Pennock's mountain ranch ; Soldier Canon. 2. Townsendia eximia A. Gray. On mountain sides from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — " Colorado." 3. Townsendia Vreelandii Rydb. In mountain sides and in valleys of southern Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Veta Pass ; Veta Mountain ; West Span- ish Peak. 4. Townsendia Fendleri A. Gray. Gravelly hills in N. M. and Colo. — Roubadeaux Pass ; Salida ; Arkansas River, near Poncha Pass. 5. Townsendia strigosa Nutt. On gravelly hills from Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Silver Plume ; Mancos ; Hotchkiss. 6. Townsendia incana Nutt. Mountains and hills from Wyo. and Utah to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Grand Junction ; Rifle ; Palisades. 7. Townsendia glabella A. Gray. (T. Bakeri Greene) On dry hillsides of Colo. — Alt. about 8500 ft. — La Pagosa; Dix; Los Pinos (Bayfield). 8. Townsendia Rothrockii A. Gray. On mountains of southern Colo. — Alt. up to 13,000 ft. — South Park. 9. Townsendia Wilcoxiana Wood. On dry plains and hills from Ind. Terr, to Colo. — San Louis Range. 10. Townsendia intermedia Rydb. On dry plains and hills from Neb. and Wyo. to Kans. and Ariz. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Lake City ; Ft. Collins ; South Park; Colorado City. 11. Townsendia exscapa (Richardson) Porter. (T. sericea Hook.) On dry plains from Sask. and Mont, to Tex. and N. M.— Alt. 4000-8000 ft.— Uncompahgre Mountains, near Los Pinos ; Denver ; New Windsor ; Central City ; butte five miles southwest of La Veta ; mesas near Colorado Springs ; La Veta; Ft. Collins; Los Pinos (Bayfield); plains near Denver; Dixon Cation ; hills near Arthur's Rock ; Horsetooth Gulch. ' 24. BRACHYACTIS Ledeb. Bracts oblong or oblong-linear, obtuse. i. B. frondosa. Bracts narrowly linear, acute. 2. B. angusta. 1. Brachyactis frondosa (Nutt.) A. Gray. (Aster frondosus T. & G.) Along streams and pools from Wyo. and Ida. to Colo, and Calif. — Hotchkiss, Delta Co. 2. Brachyactis angusta (T. & G.) Britton. {Aster angustus T. & G.) In wet saline soil from Ills., Sask. and Alb. to Mo., Colo, and Utah. — Blue River, above Kremmling; New Windsor; Hotchkiss. CARDUACEAE. 351 25. XYLORRHIZA Nutt. Leaves not spinulose-toothed. Leaves spatulate, cuspidate. i. X. venusta. Leaves linear-oblanceolate, acute. 2. X. villosa. Leaves spinulose-toothed. Ligules 8-10 mm. long. 3. X. coloradensis. Ligules 15-20 mm. long. 4. X. Brandegei. 1. Xylorrhiza venusta (Jones) Heller. {Aster venustus Jones) In dry places in Colo, and Utah. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Cimarron; Hotchkiss. 2. Xylorrhiza villosa Nutt. (Aster Xylorrhiza T. & G.) In rocky places and clayey soil in Wyo. and Colo. — North of Craig, Routt Co. 3. Xylorrhiza coloradensis (A. Gray) Rydb. (Aster coloradensis A. Gray) In the higher mountains of Colo.— South Park. 4. Xylorrhiza Brandegei Rydb. On high peaks in southern Colo. — Alt. 12,000 ft. — San Juan Pass. 26. UNAMIA Greene. I. Unamia ptarmicoides (Nees) Greene. (Aster ptarmicoides T. & G.) On rocky banks and bluffs from Mass. and Sask. to N. Y. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Cafion on east side of Cheyenne Mountain ; Horsetooth Moun- tains; Soldier Cation; Table Rock. 27. BUCEPHALUS Nutt. Bracts all thin and acute, villous-ciliate on the margins ; style-appendages subulate. I. E. Engelmannii. Bracts firmer, merely ciliolate ; the outer obtuse ; style-appendages obtuse. Inner bracts acute. 2. E. glaucus. All bracts obtuse or mucronate. 3. E. formosus. 1. Eucephalus Engelmannii (A. Gray) Greene. (Aster Engelmannii A. Gray) In the mountains from Mont, and B. C. to Colo, and Wash. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Sierra Madre ; Steamboat Springs ; Crested Butte ; Four-mile Hill, Routt Co. ; between Pallas and Sydney ; Maclntyre Creek, Larimer Co. ; Ruby; Fish Creek Falls; summit of North Park Range, Routt Co. 2. Eucephalus glaucus Nutt. (Aster glaucus T. & G.) In the mountains of Wyo., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Headwaters of Clear Creek; Gray's Peak ; Bosworth's ranch ; Black Cafion ; Durango ; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; about Ouray; Grand Lake; Home; Pagosa Springs; mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Roaring Fork, Larimer Co. 3. Eucephalus formosus Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 9500 ft.- — Near Pagosa Peak. 28. ASTER L. Involucres and peduncles glandular. Bracts narrowly linear, almost equal in length. I. Campestres. Bracts thick, oblanceolate, well imbricated. II. Oblongifolii. Involucres and peduncles not glandular. Outer bracts neither foliaceous nor equalling or surpassing the inner. Bracts more or less pubescent on the back. Bracts not bristle-pointed. Heads solitary ; plant less than 3 dm. high ; leaves oblanceolate or the upper linear. III. Alpini. Heads corymbose or paniculate. 3r)2 CARDUACEAE. Plants less than i dm. liigli, glabrous up to the villous inflorescence. IV. An DIN I. Plants 2-6 dm. high ; pubescence of the stem and leaves hirsute or strigose, usually scant. V. Ghisei. Bracts bristle-pointed. VI. Multiflori. Bracts glabrous, except the ciliate margins. Bracts linear, oblong or lanceolate, all acute or acutish. Lower leaves long-petioled ; blades cordate or ovate (rarely broadly lanceolate), usually more or less serrate. VII. Sagittifoi.ii. Lower leaves oblanceolate, linear, or lanceolate. Plants perfectly glabrous throughout. Bracts whitish-coriaceous below and with a distinctly rhombic green tip above ; upper leaves auriculate-clasping. VIII. Laeves. Bracts linear-subulate, green throughout ; leaves narrowly linear, not clasping. IX. Porteriani. Upper part of the stem and peduncles with at least pubescent lines. Heads usually numerous in a leafy panicle or compound corymb. Stem only with pubescent lines. Bracts narrowly oblanceolate with rhombic tips ; leaves thickish, the lower often triple-nerved. X. Subracemosi. Bracts linear to subulate with narrow linear-oblanceolate green backs or the outer wholly green ; leaves thin, never triple- nerved. XI. Salicifolii. Stem at least above pubescent on all sides. XII. Lonchophylli. Heads few in a naked small corymb. XIII. Occidentales. Bracts oblanceolate, the outer obtuse. XIV. Adscendentes. Outer bracts foliaceous, equalling or surpassing the inner. Heads rather numerous in an open leafy panicle. XV. Fulcrati. Heads few, in a usually simple, racemose or corymbose inflorescence with nearly erect branches. XVI. Foliacei. I. Campestres. Leaves oblong to linear-lanceolate. i. A. Novae- Angliae. Leaves linear. 2. A. campestris. II. Oblongifolii. Leaves oblong or lanceolate. Leaves scabrous-hirsutulous, mostly spreading or reflexed. 3. A. Kumleinii. Leaves glabrous, except the bristly-ciliate margins, ascending. 4. A. Fendleri. Leaves linear or the lower ones oblanceolate. 5. A. pauciflorus. III. Alpini. One species. 6. A. alpinus. IV. Andini. One species. 7- A. andinus. V. Grisei. Leaves rather copiously and permanently appressed-hirsutulous. Plant 3-4 dm. high ; stem retrorse-hirsute below. 8. A. griseus. Plant 1-1.5 dm. high; hairs of the stem not retrorse. 9. A. griseolus. Leaves sparingly strigose and glabrate in age, or perfectly glabrous, except the hispidulous-ciliate margins. Bracts with green tips and mid-veins. Stem stout; leaves oblanceolate. 10. A. Underzvoodii. Stem slender ; leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate or linear. Leaves firm; bracts with thick tips. 11. A. vallicola. Leaves and bracts thin. 12. A. Nelsonii. Outer bracts green almost throughout. 13- A. violaceus. CARDUACEAE. 353 VI. MULTIFLORI. Pubescence of the stem spreading or reflexed. Heads less than s mm. high. 14. A. exiguus. Heads 6-8 mm. high. 15. A. crassulus. Pubescence of the stem appressed or ascending. Bracts very unequal in length, well imbricated, the outer much shorter. Bracts narrowly oblanceolate, acutish, especially the inner. 16. A. multiflorus. Bracts broadly oblanceolate or the outer spatulate, very obtuse. 17. A. polycephalus. Bracts almost equal in length or the outer sometimes longer ; heads few or solitary at the ends of the branches. Bracts thick, very squarrose ; leaves thick, densely strigose. 18. A. commutatiis. Bracts thin, not squarrose ; leaves sparingly strigose, in age often glabrate. ig. A. falcatus. VH. S.AGITTIFOLII. One species. 20. A. Lindleyanus. Vni. L.AEVES. Green tips of the bracts broadly rhombic ; leaves of the branches much reduced. 21. A. laevis. Green tips of the bracts narrowly rhombic or rhombic-oblanceolate ; leaves of the branches gradually but not conspicuously reduced. 22. A. Geyeri. IX. PORTERIANI. One species. 23. A. Porteri. X. SUBRACEMOSI. Inflorescence falsely racemose ; leaves linear to oblanceolate. 24. A. subracemosus. XL Salicifolii. Inflorescence elongated, not flat-topped. Heads numerous in a much branched panicle ; bracts not with white mid-ribs. Leaves distinctly toothed. Disk of the head about i cm. high and broad ; leaves thickish. 25. A. salicifolius. Disk 6-8 mm. high and broad ; leaves thin. 26. A. paniculatiis. Leaves entire, rarely denticulate. All bracts narrowly linear ; branches ascending ; rays purplish. Bracts almost linear-filiform, more or less squarrous. 27. A. hesperius. Bracts linear, erect. 28. A. coernlescens. Outer bracts broader than the inner, oblanceolate ; branches more 'di- vergent. Rays usually white. 29. A. Osterhoutii. Rays purple. 30. A. fluviatilis. Heads fewer; bracts with white mid-ribs. 31. A. laetevirens. Inflorescence more or less flat-topped. Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, firm ; heads numerous. 32. A. corymhiformis. Leaves narrowly linear, thin ; heads few. 2^. A. longulus. XII. LONCHOPHYLLI. One species. 34. A. lonchophyllus. XIII. OCCIDENTALES. One species. 35. A. Fremontii. 23 354 CARDUACEAE. XIV. Adscendentes. Heads few in a simple corymb, less than i cm. high; upper leaves much reduced; stem 2-3 dm. high, slender. 36. A. armcriaefolius. Heads many in a leafy panicle. Heads about i cm. high ; stem-leaves thick, lanceolate or oblanceolate. 37. A. Tzveedyi. Heads less than i cm. high ; stem-leaves linear or narrowly linear-oblanceolate. Lower leaves oblanceolate; bracts glabrous, except the ciliate margins; plant 1-3 dm. high. 38. A. adscendens. Lower leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate. Plant low, 2-3 dm. high, with a ligneous caudex ; bracts usually hairy on the back. 11. A. vallicola. Plant 3-6 dm. high, from a more or less branched rootstock. Bracts more or less hairy on the back. 12. A. Nelsonii. Bracts glabrous except the ciliate margins. 39. A. Nuttallii. XV. FULCRATI. Outer bracts much exceeding the disk ; some twice as long. 40. A. fulcratus. Outer bracts seldom exceeding the disk. 41. A. Eatonii. XVL FoLiosi. Plant tall, 4-8 dm. high. Bracts mainly linear or linear-lanceolate. 42. A. frondeus. Outer bracts broadly lanceolate or oblanceolate. Outer bracts mostly acute. 43. A. Canbyi. Outer bracts mostly obtuse. 44. A. Burkei. Plant low, 1-2 dm. high. 45. A. apricus. 1. Aster Novae-Angliae L. Lov^ ground from Canada to S. C, Colo, and Sask. — Canon City. 2. Aster campestris Nutt. In valleys from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Ore. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Breckenridge ; Dillon; Manitou ; Laramie River, Larimer Co. 3. Aster Kumleinii Fries. {A. oblongifolius rigidulus A. Gray) On dry plains and prairies from Minn, to S. D. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Near Bent's Fort ; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta. 4. Aster Fendleri A. Gray. On plains and sandhills from Kans. and Colo, to N. M. — Alt. up to 7000 ft. — Arkansas River, above Canon City. 5. Aster pauciflorus Nutt. Wet saline soil from Sask. to S. D., N. M. and Ariz. — Warm soda springs in Animas Valley. 6. Aster alpinus L. In arctic and alpine places from Mackenzie and Alaska to Colo. — Alt. 12,000 ft. — Berthoud Pass. 7. Aster andinus Nutt. On alpine peaks from Mont, to Colo. — Gray's Peak; Mt. Harvard. 8. Aster griseus Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Doyles. 9. Aster griseolus Rydb. On the higher mountains of Colo. — Mt. Harvard; Twin Lakes ; Breckenridge. 10. Aster Underwoodii Rydb. On high mountains of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray ; Eldora and Baltimore. 11. Aster vallicola Greene. In the mountains from Wyo. and Nev. to Colo. — Alt. 7000-8500 ft." — Alamosa ; Sargent ; Pagosa Springs ; southeast of Ouray. 12. Aster Nelsonii Greene. In the mountains of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. 7000- 8000 ft. — lola; Buena Vista. CARDUACEAE. 355 13. Aster violaceus Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Mt. Harvard. 14. Aster exiguus (Fern.) Rydb. (A. ciliatus Muhl.) On prairies and plains from Vt. and Wash, to Pa. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Ft. Collins ; Olathe ; Gj-psum ; Sunset Cafion. 15. Aster crassulus Rydb. On plains from N. D. and Ida. to Colo, and Calif. (?) — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Near Denver, Platte River; La Veta ; Gun- nison; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Seldon ; along Bear River, below Steamboat Springs ; Pagosa Springs ; Gypsum ; Ft. Collins ; Hotchkiss. 16. Aster multiflorus Ait. On prairies and sterile ground from Me. and Mont, to Ga. and Mex. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Near Bent's Fort; Ft. Collins. 17. Aster polycephalus Rydb. (A. scoparius D. C. ; not Nees) On plains and hills from Alb. and Neb. to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Colorado Springs ; McCoy ; Twin Lakes ; Ft. Collins ; Trail Glen ; Westcliffe ; Salida ; Olathe; Poudre River; Baxter's ranch; Poudre Canon. 18. Aster commutatus A. Gray. On plains and river banks from Minn, to Wyo., to Kans. and Nev. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Colorado Springs ; Gunnison ; Westclifife. 19. Aster falcatus Lindl. In valleys from Mackenzie and Alaska to Colo. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Doyles ; Gunnison Co. ; near Colorado City. 20. Aster Lindleyanus T. & G. In valleys from Lab. and B. C. to N. H. and Colo. — Poudre near La Porte. 21. Aster laevis L. In open woodlands from Ont. and Sask. to La. and N. M. — Westcliffe; Tobe Miller's ranch; Poudre River; Ft. Collins; Ruxton Dell. 22. Aster Geyeri (A. Gray) Howell. (A. laevis Geyeri A. Gray) Valleys from Alb. and Wash, to Colo.— Alt. 6000-8000 ft. — Cheyenne Mountain ; North Cheyenne Caiion ; Parlin, Gunnison Co. ; mountains, Larimer Co. ; near Pagosa Peak ; Engelmann Canon ; Box Canon, west of Ouray ; Ft. Collins ; Redstone ; Poudre River ; Bosworth's ranch ; Palmer Lake. 23. Aster Porteri A. Gray. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. ^Golden ; Lower Boulder Canon ; Minnehaha ; Idaho Springs ; North Chey- enne Canon ; Ft. Collins ; Bosworth's ranch ; Cheyenne ^Mountain ; between Sunshine and Ward ; canon west of Palmer Lake. 24. Aster subracemosus Rydb. In valleys from Mont, and Colo. — Alt. 7500- 8500 ft. — Southeast of Ouray; North Park. 25. Aster salicifolius Lam. On wooded banks from Me. and Ass. to Fla., Tex. and Colo. — New Windsor; North Park; Ft. Collins. 26. Aster paniculatus Lam. On wooded banks from N. B. and N. D. to Va., Kans. and Colo. — Gypsum. 27. Aster hesperius A. Gray. Along streams from Colo, to N. M. and Calif. — New Windsor. 28. Aster coenilescens DC. {A. salicifolius coerulescens A. Gray) On rocky banks from Wyo. to Tex. and Colo. — New Windsor ; Ft. Collins ; Olathe, Montrose Co. ; Gypsum ; Poudre River ; Home. 29. Aster Osterhoutii Rydb. Along ditches in northern Colo.^New Wind- sor. 30. Aster fluviatilis Osterhout. Along streams in Colo.— New Windsor. 31. Aster laetevirens Greene. Along streams in Colo, and Wyo. — Home; Dale Creek, Larimer Co. Sot) CARDUACEAE. 32. Aster corymbiformis Rydl). In meadows in Colo. — All. 5000-8000 ft. — Parlin, Ciunnison Co.; Ft. Collins; WcstclifTc ; Denver. 33. Aster longulus Sheldon. In wet meadows from Minn, and Alb. to Neb. and Colo. — Twin Lakes; WestclifFe. 34. Aster lonchophyllus Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 8000- 10.000 ft. — Crested Butte ; Gore Pass. 35. Aster Fremontii A. Gray. In valleys from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. 9000- 12.000 ft. — Cameron Pass; Breckenridge ; Michigan; Trappers' Lake; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; Sherwood's; Laramie River; Robinson; Twin Lakes; Marshall Pass; Ruxton Park; Lake City. 36. Aster armeriaefolius Greene. In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Doyics; Marshall Pass; Laramie River, Larimer Co.; Grizzly Creek ; Bosworth's ranch, Stove Prairie. 37. Aster Tweedyi Rydb. In valleys of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Near Laramie River, Larimer Co. 38. Aster adscendens Lindl. In valleys from Ass. to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Near Empire; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Ft. Collins; Grizzly Creek. 39. Aster Nuttallii T. & G. (A. orthophyllus Greene) In the mountains from Wyo. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Gunnison; Ft. Collins; Cerro Summit ; Montrose. 40. Aster fulcratus Greene. In valleys of Colo. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak. 41. Aster Eatonii (A. Gray) Howell. {A. foliaceus Eatonii A. Gray; BrachyacHs hybrida Greene) In the mountains from Mont, and B. C. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. about 5000-8000 ft. — Poudre River; Gunnison; Upper Arkansas; Cheyenne Canon. 42. Aster frondeus (A. Gray) Greene. (A. foliaceus frondeus A. Gray; Aster glastifolius Greene) In the mountains from Ida. and B. C. to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Empire ; near Laramie River, Larimer Co. ; Ruxton Dell ; near Pagosa Peak ; Mt. Harvard. 43. Aster Canbyi Vasey. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 8000-11,000 ft. — Crested Butte; McCoy; near Grand Lake; Mt. Harvard; mountains between Laramie River and North Park; Gj'psum ; Berthoud Pass; canon west of Palmer Lake. 44. Aster Burkei (A. Gray) Howell. (A. foliaceus Biirkei A. Gray) In the mountains from Wyo. and Wash, to Colo, and Ariz. — Robinson ; Steam- boat Springs ; Hotchkiss. 45. Aster apricus (A. Gray) Rydb. {A. foliaceus apricus A. Gray) On alpine peaks from Mont, and B. C. to Colo, and Ore. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Gray's Peak; Twin Lakes; WestclifTe; Boreas; Buffalo Pass; Empire; Bert- houd Pass ; Grizzly Creek. 29. MACHAERANTHERA Nees. Leaves twice pinnatifid ; root annual; achenes terete. i. M. tanacetifolia. Leaves spinulose-toothed ; plant perennial or biennal ; achenes compressed. Bracts linear-subulate ; green tips of most of them longer than the straw- colored lower portion, squarrose-reflexed. Stem and inflorescence distinctly viscid. CARDUACEAE. 357 Stem-leaves lanceolate or oblong, usually distinctly triple-veined. Leaves thin, coarsely but not saliently toothed ; bracts over i mm. wide. 2. M. Bigeloz'ii. Leaves thick with salient teeth ; plant very glandular ; bracts less than I mm. wide. Achenes glabrous or minutely pubescent ; stem glabrous below. 3. M. various. Achenes strigose ; stem glandular hispid throughout. 4. M. aspera. Stem-leaves linear or oblanceolate, i -veined. Plant 2-5 dm. high ; heads numerous or several in a panicle or raceme. Basal leaves spatulate, coarsely but not saliently toothed or entire ; inflorescence divaricate. 5. M. viscosa. Basal leaves narrowly oblanceolate, saliently toothed ; inflorescence narrow ; plant about 2 dm. high. 6. M. viscosula. Plant 1-2 (seldom .-5) dm. high; heads solitary or few; basal leaves broadly spatulate, toothed. 7. M. Pattersonii. Stem strigose-puberulent ; involucre slightly if at all viscid. 8. M. rubricaulis. Bracts linear with lanceolate or rhombic green tips, which are usually much shorter than the straw-colored lower portion. Leaves cinereous. Bracts canescent, scarcely at all viscid or glandular. 9. M. canesceus. Bracts densely viscid or glandular, especially the tips. 10. M. pnlveriilenta. Leaves glabrous, or glandular-hispid or scabrous, not cinereous. Stem puberulent or glabrate, glandular only on the inflorescence. Bracts slightly if at all squarrose. Stem slender with strongly ascending branches ; leaves subentire. 11. M. glabrella. Stem divaricately branched ; lower leaves sharply toothed. 12. M. ramosa. Bracts strongly reflexed-squarrose. Leaves all, except those of the smaller branches, toothed. 13. M. Selbyi. Leaves all entire. 14. M. specfabilis. Stem densely glandular-hispid. Bracts more or less glandular-pubescent and with squarrose tips. 15. M. cichoriacea. Bracts grayish puberulent; tips not squarrose. 16. M. Fremontii. 1. Machaeranthera tanacetifolia (H. B. K.) Nees. (Aster fanacetifolius H. B. K.) In moist sandy soil from S. D. and Mont, to Tex. and Ariz. — Denver ; Wyoming line ; foothills, west of Ft. Collins ; New Windsor ; Pueblo ; Rocky Ford; Spring Canon. 2. Machaeranthera Bigelovii (A. Gray) Greene. (Aster Bigelovii A. Gray) On plains and foot-hills of Colo, and N. Mex. — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Boulder. 3. Machaeranthera varians Greene. On plains and mountains of Colo, and N. M." — Alt. 6000-8000 ft. — Hinsdale Co. ; Colorado Springs ; near Pagosa Peak; Bottomless Pit, Pike's Peak. 4. Machaeranthera aspera Greene. On the mountains of Colo.— Alt. 8000- 10,000 ft. — Manitou; Ute Pass; Hinsdale Co.; Colorado Springs; Pike's Peak; Engelmann Canon ; Como ; Georgetown ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward. 5. Machaeranthera viscosa (Nutt.) Greene. (Aster canescens viscosus A. Gray) On dry hills and plains from Wyo. to Colo, and Calif. (?) — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Colorado Springs ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Rogers ; Grecian Bend, Pike's Peak; Trail Glen; Twin Lakes; Mt. Harvard; Table Rock. 368 CARDUACEAE. 6. Machaeranthera viscosula Rydb. On plains and mountains of Colo. — Veta Pass ; South Park ; southeast of Jefferson. 7. Machaeranthera Pattersonii (A. Gray) Greene. (Aster Fattersonii A. Gray) In moist places in the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 10,000-14,000 ft. — Caribou ; Gray's Peak and vicinity ; Silver Plume ; Berthoud Pass. 8. Machaeranthera rubricaulis Rydb. On plains, table lands and hills of Colo. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Platte River; Denver; Colorado Springs; La Veta; mountain above Andrews' ranch ; south of Antonito. 9. Machaeranthera canescens (Pursh) A. Gray. (Aster canescens Pursh) On sterile a;round and sandy banks from Sask. and B. C. to Colo. — North Park; Honnold. 10. Machaeranthera pulverulenta (Nutt.) Greene. On dry plains from Mont, to Colo. — Gypsum ; North Fork, Larimer Co. 11. Machaeranthera glabella Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 7000- 10,000 ft. — Black Cafion ; Gunnison; southeast of Ouray; White River Pla- teau ; Parlin ; Cerro Summit. 12. Machaeranthera ramosa A. Nels. In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 8000-9500 ft. — Pitkin ; Grizzly Creek ; Gypsum. 13. Machaeranthera Selbyi Rydb. In cafions and meadows in Colo. — Alt. 7500-9500 ft. — West of Ouray; Mt. Harvard. 14. Machaeranthera spectabilis Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft.^ — Marshall Pass; Gypsum. 15. Machaeranthera cichoriacea Greene. On hills and mountains from Wyo. to N. M. — Alt. 4500-7500 ft. — Trail Glen ; Westcliffe ; Ft. Collins ; Twin Lakes ; Deer Run. 16. Machaeranthera Fremontii Rydb. In black soil of river bottoms, Colo. — " Platte Waters." 30. LEUCELENE Greene. Upper leaves strigose, slightly glandular and not conspicuously hispid-ciliate. Lower leaves broadly spatulate ; upper linear-subulate ; branches long and slender. i. L. arenosa. Leaves all linear-spatulate ; branches short. 2. L. serotina. Upper leaves conspicuously hispid-ciliate, copiously glandular. Upper leaves linear-oblanceolate ; the lower spatulate. 3. L. hirtella. Upper leaves linear-subulate ; the lower linear or linear-oblanceolate. Leaves of the branches 6-12 mm. long. 4. L. alsinoides. Leaves of the branches 2-5 mm. long. 5. L. ericoides. 1. Leticelene arenosa Heller. (Aster ericaefolius tenuis A. Gray) On dry hills from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz.; also Mex. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Cimarron; Hotchkiss. 2. Leucelene serotina (Greene) Rydb. On arid hills from Colo, and Utah to Tex. and Ariz. — Canon City. 3. Leucelene hirtella (A. Gray) Rydb. (Aster ericaefolius hirtella A. Gray) On dry hills from Wyo. and Utah to Tex. and Ariz. — Arboles ; Leroux Creek; mountain above Manitou ; Palisades ; Grand Junction. 4. Leucelene alsinoides Greene. On dry hills from Colo, to Tex. and N. M. — Alt. up to 8000 ft. — Salida ; Rocky Ford, Otero Co. ; Walsenburg. 5. Leucelene ericoides (Torr.) Greene. (Aster ericaefolius Rothr.) On dry hills from Colo, to Tex. and N. M. — "Colorado" (James). CARDUACEAE. 359 31. ERIGERON L. Fleabane. Bracts of the involucre in 1-2 series of almost equal length, not thickened on the back. Rays inconspicuous, erect or ascending, usually involute and incurved, numer- ous ; often inside them a series of rayless pistillate flowers ; leaves entire. I. Acres. Rays conspicuous, spreading, flat ; no rayless pistillate flowers inside. Plant without runners. Perennials. Leaves dissected or deeply cleft. II. Multifidi. Leaves entire or merely toothed. Stems low, less than 2 dm. high, scapiform, usually bearing only one head ; stem-leaves usually reduced. Involucres and peduncles villous with many-celled hairs ; bracts comparatively broad. III. Uniflori. Involucres and peduncles hirsute to glandular-puberulent or glabrate, not long-villous. IV. Radicati. Stem leafy, 2-10 dm. high, if lower bearing several heads; stem- leaves ample. Stems densely cespitose from a thick tap-root ; heads small ; disk rarely over i cm. wide. Pappus double ; stem hirsute. V. Pumili. Pappus simple ; stems strigose. VI. Decumbentes. Stems usually solitary from the ends of distinct (sometimes branched) rootstocks ; heads large ; disk over i cm. wide. Bracts loose with reflexed tips ; rays broad ; pappus simple ; lower leaves broadly oblanceolate, the upper often reduced. Bracts villous. VII. Elatiores. Bracts glandular-puberulent or glabrous. VIII. Salsuginosi. Bracts appressed, except the very tips ; rays narrow ; pappus double. Upper stem-leaves ample, ovate to lanceolate, not much smaller than the lower, which are more or less distinctly 3-nerved ; peduncles usually short, ascending. IX. Macranthi. Upper stem-leaves reduced, linear-lanceolate ; none of the leaves 3-nerved ; peduncles long and erect. X. Glabelli. Annuals or biennials. Stem-leaves not cordate-clasping. Stems rather simple with a few large heads ; disks about i cm. or more broad. X. Glabelli. Stems much branched, leafy, with numerous small heads ; disk 6-9 mm. broad. Stems strigose, except at the base ; pappus-bristles of the rays usually lacking. XL Ramosi. Stems and leaves densely short-pubescent with spreading hairs ; pappus-bristles of the rays present. Annuals ; pappus scant and simple. XIII. Bellidiastr.^. Biennials (rarely perennials) ; pappus double, the outer of short subulate squamellae. XIV. Divergentes. Stem-leaves broad, cordate-clasping. XII. Philadelphici. Plants first with a scapiform, naked peduncle, later producing lateral runner- like branches. XV. Flagellares. Bracts of the involucre in 3-4 series, more or less imbricated, thickened on the back ; the outer usually successively shorter. Achenes terete or nearly so, several-nerved. XVI. Cani. Achenes flattened or quadrangular, 2-4-nerved. XVII. Caespitosi. 3r.O CARDUACEAE. I. Acres. Bracts of the involucre linear, abruptly acute, never glandular ; inflorescence racemiforni with almost erect branches. Low, 1-2 dm. high ; stem-leaves sessile ; peduncles short. I. E. minor. Taller, 3-6 dm. high, lower stem-leaves petioled ; basal leaves oblanceolate ; peduncles elongated. 2. E. lonchophyllus. Bracts of the inflorescence linear-subulate, long-attenuate, and more or less glandular-puberulent : inflorescence inclined to be corymbiform or paniculate; branches ascending. Bracts glandular-puberulent, rarely with a few hairs. 3. E. droebachicnsis. Bracts hirsute or both hirsute and glandular-puberulent. Plant tall, 3-6 dm. high, apparently only biennial ; heads numerous. 4. E. yellowstonensis. Plant low, 1-3 dm. high, perennial ; heads few. 5. E. jucundus. II. MULTIFIDI. Leaves pinnately divided. 6. E. pinvatisectus. Leaves once to thrice ternately divided. Leaves twice or thrice ternate. Ultimate divisions of the leaves narrowly linear ; peduncles with long linear leaves. 7- E. compositus. Ultimate divisions of the leaves spatulate or broadly oblanceolate ; peduncles naked above or with very short leaves. 8. E. muUiiidus. Leaves once ternate or quinate. 9. E. triftdiis. III. Uniflori. Involucres and peduncles with black-purple hairs. 10. E. melanocephahis. Involucres and peduncles white-hairy. Plant 5-8 cm. high; disk 10-12 mm. wide. 11. E. nniflorus. Plant I dm. high or more; disk 13-15 mm. wide. 12. E. leucotrichus. IV. Radicati. Involucre glandular-puberulent or glabrate, not hirsute. Stem and leaves glabrous or nearly so. 13- E. leiomeris. Stem and leaves pubescent and somewhat glandular. 36. E. viscidus. Involucre more or less hirsute or strigose ; in some also slightly glandular- puberulent. Leaves and stem glandular-scabrous as well as hirsute. 14. E. glandulosus. Leaves and stem hirsute or strigose, not glandular. Stem I dm. or more high, appressed-pubescent ; disk over i cm. wide ; branches of the caudex rather slender, purplish. Leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate, 1-3 mm. wide, strigose. 23. E. Engelinannii. Leaves oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, 3-8 mm. wide, glabrous above except the margins. i5- E. ursinus. Stem 4-7 cm. high ; disk less than i cm. wide ; caudex and its branches stout and short, not purplish. Leaves linear-oblanceolate to spatulate. Stem with appressed hairs. 16. E. Peasei. Stem with more or less spreading hairs. 17. E. vetensis. Leaves linear-filiform. 18. E. nematophyllus. V. PCMILI. Rays present. Ray-flowers white : the outer pappus of small inconspicuous bristles. 19. E. pumilus. Ray-flowers blue or purplish ; outer pappus conspicuous and squamellate. 20. E. concinnus. Rays wanting. 21. E. aphanacfis. CARDUACEAE. 361 VI. Decumbentes. Leaves i -nerved, linear-oblanceolate ; the lower usually obtusish. Plant 1.5-2 dm. high; pubescence of the leaves sparse, loose. 22. E. simulans. Plant I dm. high or less, usually monocephalous ; pubescence dense and appressed. 23. E. Engelmannii. Leaves 3-nerved, at least at the base, equally long-acuminate at both ends. 24. E. microlonchus. VIL Elatiores. Bracts very densely villous ; leaves entire. 25. E. elatior. Bracts sparingly villous ; leaves usually dentate. 26. E. Coulteri. VIIL Salsuginosi. One species. 27. E. salsnginosiis. IX. Macranthi. Basal leaf-blades broadly obovate-spatulate, often denticulate ; stem-leaves dis- tant, shorter than the internodes, not ciliate on the margins ; bracts glandular- puberulent, seldom with a few hairs. 28. E. superbus. Basal leaf-blades oblanceolate, entire ; stem-leaves usually longer than the inter- nodes, usually ciliate on the margins. Bracts glandular-puberulent, not at all hirsute ; leaves glabrous. Leaves linear-lanceolate, dark bluish green and shining, minutely ciliolate. 29. E. salicinus. Leaves not dark-green, dull, strongly hirsute-ciliate. 30. E. macranthus. Bracts more or less hirsute. Stem and leaves glabrous or nearly so ; the latter ciliate only on the margins and the veins below ; bracts glandular-puberulent and with scattered hairs. 31. £. speciosus. Stem and leaves hairy ; bracts hirsute or both hirsute and glandular. Leaves hirsute. Pubescence scant ; that of the stem long ; leaves linear-lanceolate. 22. E. conspicuns. Pubescence of the leaves and the involucres dense ; that of the stem short. Plant tall, green ; upper stem-leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, dis- tinctly triple-nerved. 33. E. suhtrinervis. Plant low, canescent ; upper stem-leaves lanceolate, scarcely triple- nerved. 34. E. incanescens. Leaves glandular-puberulent. 35. E. Vreelandii. X. Glabelli. Involucres glandular-puberulent, sparingly if at all hairy. Stem with long white hairs : the upper portion glandular-hirsute. Lower leaves hairy ; stem low, stout. 36. E. viscidus. Leaves merely ciliate : stem slender. 37. E. exiinins. Stem glabrous ; upper portion glandular-puberulent ; leaves glabrate. 38. E. Siiiithii. Involucre densely hirsute or strigose. Bracts hirsute. Leaves glabrate ; plant evidently a perennial. 39. E. glabellus. Leaves more or less hairy : plant in most cases apparently only biennial. 40. E. consobrinus. Bracts strigose ; basal leaves linear-oblanceolate, denticulate. 41. E. strigulosus. XI. Ramosi. One species. 42. E. rainosus. XII. Philadelphici. One species. 43. E. philadelphicus. 362 CARDUACEAE. XIII. Belmdiastka. One species. 44. E. Bcllidiastrum. XIV. DlVERGENTES. Stem simple below. 45. E. Wootonii. Stem branched at the base. 46. E. divergens. XV. Flagellares. Leaves and stem appressed-hairy. 4~. E. flagellaris. Leaves and stem densely short-pubescent with spreading hairs. Basal leaves oblanceolate, entire, or 3-lobed at the apex ; leaves of the stolons linear ; plant gray. 48. E. cittereiis. Basal leaves obovate-spatulate, entire, or with several lateral lobes or teeth ; leaves of the stolons oblanceolate ; plant greener. 49. E. nudifiorus. XVI. Cam. Disk of the heads fully i cm. high and about 1.5 cm. wide: basal leaves spatulate, obtuse. 50. E. argentatus. Disk of the heads 7-8 mm. high and about i cm. wide ; basal leaves oblanceolate, mostly acutish. 51- •£• canus. XVII. Caespitosi. Stem erect, about 3 dm. high, usually with several heads ; stem-leaves linear. 52. E. subcanescens. Stem decumbent at the base, 1-2 dm. high, with 1-3 (seldom more) heads; stem-leaves oblong. 53- E,. caespitosus. 1. Erigeron minor (Hook.) Rydb. (E. anneriaefolius A. Gray, in part; not Tiircz.) In damp places in the mountains from Sask. and B. C. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Lake City; Democrat Mountain; George- town; South Park; Twin Lakes; Westcliffe; Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; Gunnison; Palsgrove Cai'ion; Clear Lake; Grand River, above Kremm- ling; Grizzly Creek; Pagosa Springs; Buena Vista; Buffalo Pass; near Como ; Trappers' Lake. 2. Erigeron lonchophyllus Hook. (E. armeriaefolius A. Gray, in part) In wet places in the mountains from Sask. and Mont, to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 8000-9000 ft. — Parlin; Ruxton Park, Pike's Peak; Higho; Table Rock; Gypsum Creek ; Buena Vista ; Grizzly Creek ; Twin Lakes. 3. Erigeron droebachiensis Muell. (£. acris Droebachiensis Bljrtt) In dry woods from N. B. and Alaska to Colo. — Breckenridge ; Mt. Harvard; Anita Peak. 4. Erigeron yellowstonensis A. Nels. (E. acris A. Gray, in part; not L.) In the mountains from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. 9000-10,000 ft. — Breckenridge; Chambers' Lake ; Beaver Creek. 5. Erigeron jucundus Greene. (E. acris debilis A. Gray; E. debilis Rydb.) In wet places, especially in the mountains, from Hudson Bay and B. C. to Colo, and Utah.— Alt. 8000-11,000 ft.— Massif de I'Arapahoe; Mt. Baldy; headwaters of Clear Creek; Georgetown; Eldora to Baltimore. 6. Erigeron pinnatisectus (A. Gray) A. Nels. (E. compositus pinnatisectus A. Gray) On the higher peaks of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 10,000-13,500 ft. — Hahn's Peak ; Cameron Pass ; Pike's Peak ; near Ironton, San Juan Co. ; Gray's Peak; Mt. Garfield; Mt. Harvard; south of Ward, Boulder Co.; above Boreas; Bottomless Pit; Bald Mountain; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Moun- tains; near Pagosa Peak; Westcliffe; Devil's Causeway; Beaver Creek. CARDUACEAE. 363 7. Erigeron compositus Pursh. On the mountains from Mont, and Yukon to Colo, and Wash. — Alt. 8000-9000 ft. — Mountains between Sunshine and Ward. 8. Erigeron multifidus Rydb. On the higher mountains from Ass. and B. C. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 5000-12,500 ft. — Headwaters of Clear Creek; Hinsdale Co. ; West Indian Creek ; west of Ft. Collins ; Calhan ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Marshall Pass ; Sierra Blanca ; Mt. Abram ; Ouray ; Pike's Peak; Stove Prairie; Eldora to Baltimore; Rist Cafion ; Barnes' Camp; gulch east of Stove Prairie; Beaver Creek; Spicer. 9. Erigeron trifidus Hook. On high mountains from Alb. and B. C. to Colo. — Table Rock ; Spicer, Larimer Co. 10. Erigeron melanocephalus A. Nels. (£. oreocharis Greene) On high mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 11.000-12,000 ft. — Massif de I'Arapahoe; Caribou; headwaters of Clear Creek; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains; near Pagosa Peak ; Sierra Blanca ; Mt. Harvard ; Cameron Pass ; Berthoud Pass ; Argentine Pass ; summit of North Park Range, Routt Co. 11. Erigeron uniflorus L. (£. simplex Greene) In arctic regions and on the higher peaks from Mont, to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft. — Mt. McCIellan, near Gray's Peak ; West Spanish Peak ; Bottomless Pit, Pike's Peak ; Gray's Peak ; above Cameron Pass ; Marshall Pass ; Seven Lakes ; South Park; Alpine Tunnel; mountain northeast of Boreas. 12. Erigeron leucotrichus Rydb. On the higher mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — Caribou; headwaters of Clear Creek; Pike's Peak Valley; Cameron Pass; Seven Lakes; Graymont; Berthoud Pass; Beaver Creek. 13. Erigeron leiomeris A. Gray. {E. spathidifoliiis Rydb.) On alpine peaks from Wyo. to N. M. and Utah. — Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. — Mt. Kelso; near Gray's Peak; Lake City; Redclifife, Eagle Co.; mountains above Cameron Pass ; Gray's Peak ; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains ; Ragged Moun- tain, Gunnison Co.; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; Hahn's Peak; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 14. Erigeron glandulosus Porter. On the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 6000-12,500 ft. — Hinsdale Co.; South Park; Alpine Tunnel; Georgetown; southeast of La Veta; east slope of Pike's Peak; Manitou; Garden of the Gods ; near Colorado Springs ; Palmer Lake ; Cheyenne Caiion ; Lake City ; Empire ; Colorado City. 15. Erigeron ursinus D. C. Eaton. On the mountains from Mont, and Ida. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Continental Divide, Routt Co. ; Columbine; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co.; Rabbit-Ears, Lari- mer Co. 16. Erigeron Peasei Rydb. In alpine regions of Colo. — Lake City. 17. Erigeron vetensis Rydb. On high, dry mountains of southern Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft.— Mountain near Veta Pass; Ojo; West Spanish Peak; Veta Mountain ; North Cheyenne Caiion. 18. Erigeron nematophyllus Rydb. On rocky hills of Colo, and Wyo. — Near Dale Creek, Larimer Co. 19. Erigeron pumilus Nutt. On the plains from N. D. and Wash, to Kans. and Utah.— Alt. 4000-7000 ft.— Moon's ranch; Cucharas River, La Veta; Ft. Collins; Antonito; New Windsor; Mancos; Palisades; Gypsum; Quimby; Wray. 364 CARDUACEAE. 20. Erigeron concinnus ( H. & A.) T. & G. On arid plains and liills from Mont, and B. C. to N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Mancos ; Grand Junction; Los Pinos (Bayfield); Durango; Dolores. 21. Erigeron aphanactis (A. Gray) Greene. (£. concinnus aphanactis A. Gray) On dry plains from Colo, and Nev. to Calif. — Antonito; Grand Junc- tion. 22. Erigeron simulans Greene. (E. Engclnianiiii arcnicola A. Nels.) On dry hills and sandy flats from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 6000-8000 ft. — Glcnwood Springs ; Cimarron ; Gunnison ; Salida ; Buena Vista. 23. Erigeron Engelmannii A. Nels. On dry plains of Wyo. and Colo. — Gunnison ; Gypsum ; Table Rock. 24. Erigeron microlonchus Greene. On dry plains from Wyo. to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Cimarron. 25. Erigeron elatior (A. Gray) Greene. {E. grandiflorum elatior A. Gray) In wet places in the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Red Mountain; Silver Plume; Mt. Baldy; near Pagosa Peak; east side of Bald Mountain ; Georgetown ; Rabbit-Ear Pass ; White River Plateau ; Steamboat Springs; near Teller, North Park; Ruby; Villa Park; Boreas; Leroux Park; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co.; near Empire; headwaters of Clear Creek; Robinson; Red Mountain; Silver Plume; Berthoud Pass. 26. Erigeron Coulteri Porter. In damp places in the mountains of Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — Lake City; Hinsdale Co.; Bard Valley, near Empire ; Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus ; Rabbit-Ear Pass ; La Plata Canon; Leroux Creek, Delta Co.; East River; near Pagosa Peak; Red Moun- tain, about Ouray; Tronton, San Juan Co.; Mt. Harvard; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; Silverton; Berthoud Pass. 27. Erigeron salsuginosus (Richardson) A. Gray. In wet ground from Alb. and Alaska to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — Middle Park; Chambers' Lake ; Georgetown ; near Pagosa Peak ; Minnehaha ; Lake Mo- raine; Cameron Pass; Marshall Pass; mountains above Ouray; Hahn's Peak; Mt. Harvard; Red Mountain; Ruby; Ruxton Park, Pike's Peak; Silver Plume ; Beaver Creek ; Trappers' Lake ; Berthoud Pass ; Buflfalo Pass ; Gray's Peak; between Como .and Boreas; Twin Lakes; Devil's Causeway; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. ; Hahn's Peak. Erigeron salsuginosus glacialis (Nutt.) A. Gray. In the higher mountains from Wyo. to N. M. and Utah. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — High Mountains, near Empire ; Caribou ; Veta Pass. 28. Erigeron superbus Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 7500-12,000 ft. — Mountains near Empire ; near Pagosa Peak ; Minnehaha ; Breckenridge ; Villa Grove; Idaho Springs; Artist's Glen and Halfway House, Pike's Peak; Box Canon, west of Ouray ; Baxter's ranch ; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Stove Prairie Hill; Mar- shall Pass. 29. Erigeron salicinus Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Pagosa Springs ; Keblar Pass ; Narrows. 30. Erigeron macranthus Nutt. In the mountains from Mont, and B. C. to Colo., Utah and Ore. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Lake City; Platte River; west of Ouray; Jack's Cabin; Steamboat Springs; Keblar Pass; Durango; Cerro Summit; mountains, Larimer Co.; La Veta; La Plata Cafion; Mancos; Sun- CARDUACEAE. 3(55 set, Boulder Co. ; Four-mile Hill, Routt Co. ; Andrews' Shetland ranch ; Mt. Abram, Ouray; southeast of Ouray; Veta; Bosworth's ranch; Poudre Caiion, near Narrows ; Table Rock ; Little Muddy ; Hotchkiss ; Eldora to Baltimore ; Stove Prairie; Redstone; Cheyenne Cafion; Palmer Lake; Bosworth's ranch, Stove Prairie ; gulch west of Soldier Cafion ; Vance Junction ; Hahn's Peak ; Willow Creek; Steamboat Springs. 31. Erigeron speciosus (Lindl.) DC. In the mountains from Mont, and Wash, to Colo., Utah and Ore. — Alt. 7500-9000 ft. — Castle Canon; Minne- haha; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; mountains between Sun- shine and Ward ; Cheyenne Cafion. 32. Erigeron conspicuus Rydb. In mountain meadows from Mont, and Wash, to Colo.^Deep Creek Lake; Pine Grove; North Park, along the Michigan. 33. Erigeron subtrinervis Rydb. (£. glabellus mollis A. Gray, in part) Wooded mountain sides and dry places in the valleys from S. D. and Wyo. to N. M. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Near Empire; Gray's Peak; Grizzly Creek; North Park ; Twin Lakes ; Dark Cafion ; North Cheyenne Caiion ; Steele Canon; Villa Grove; Echo Creek; Empire; Pine Grove. 34. Erigeron incanescens Rydb. (£. glabellus mollis A. Gray, in part) High mountains of Colo. — Alt. 9000-10,000 ft. — West Spanish Peak; Sargent. 35. Erigeron Vreelandii Rydb. In wet meadows of southern Colo. — Alt. 7500 ft. — Wahatoya Creek. 36. Erigeron viscidus Rydb. On mountain ridges in Colo. — Alt. 8500-12,000 ft. — Piedra ; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch ; Ruxton Dell ; Poudre River ; Bert-houd Pass ; Boreas. 37. Erigeron eximius Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Piedra ; Poudre Canon, above Rustic ; Eldora to Baltimore ; Poudre flats. 38. Erigeron Smithii Rydb. In rich meadows of Colo. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Gunnison; Antonito; Sargent; Villa Grove; Arkan- sas Junction. 39. Erigeron glabellus Nutt. On mountains and hills from Sask. and Mac- kenzie to Wise, and N. M. — Alt. 5000-12,000 ft. — Hinsdale Co.; McCoy; Mar- shall Pass ; Ft. Collins ; Ribbon Lake ; Clear Creek, below Georgetown ; east bank of Poudre River, near Ft. Collins ; Gypsum Creek Cafion ; bank of Elk River. 40. Erigeron consobrinus Greene. (E. fratcrnus Greene) In mountain valleys of Colo. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Villa Grove ; Gunnison ; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Wahatoya Creek; Alamosa; Garland ; Parlin, Gunnison Co. ; Estes Park, Larimer Co. ; Cerro Summit : Como; vicinity of Como; Walton Creek; Conejos River; Steamboat Springs. 41. Erigeron strigulosus Rydb. In meadows of Colo. — Antonito. 42. Erigeron ramosus (Walt.) B. S. P. (£. strigosus Muhl.) In dry places from N. S. and B. C. to Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 5000-6500 ft. — Foot-hills, Lari- mer Co.; Boulder; Rist Cafion; Horsetooth Mountain; Arthur's Rock; Red- stone. 43. Erigeron philadelphicus L. In wet fields and woodlands from Lab. and B. C. to Fla. and Calif. — Piedra ; Poudre Canon. 44. Erigeron Bellidiastrum Nutt. In low grounds from S. D. and Wyo. to Kans. and Ariz. — Alt. about 9000 ft.— McElmo Canon. 366 CARDUACEAE. 45. Erigeron Wootonii Rydb. (E. cincrcus var. 7 A. Gray) In sandy soil from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. up to 7000 ft. — Walsenburg; Antonito; Grand Lake; Garden of the Gods. 46. Erigeron divergens T. & G. Low plains and river banks from Mont, and Wash, to N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 5000-8500 ft. — Golden City; Steamboat Springs; Durango; Mancos ; Arboles ; Ouray; Cedar Edge; Sargent; Hon- nold; Hotchkiss ; Big Creek Gulch; Empire; Boulder; Buena Vista; Colorado Springs. 47. Erigeron flagellaris A. Gray. {E. stolouifcr Greene) On banks of streams and river valleys from S. D. and Wyo. to N. M. and Utah. — Alt. 5000-11.000 ft. — Durango; Ft. Collins; southeast of Ouray; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Arboles; Mancos; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; Como ; Calhan ; Red Rock Cafion ; Boulder; Middle Park; Veta Pass; Sargent; Columbine; Boulder; Castle Canon; Walsenburg; Como; Trappers' Lake; Poudre, near the Narrows; Eldora to Baltimore; bank of Purgatory River, near Trinidad; Moon's ranch; Poudre Cafion ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Quimby ; Howe's Gulch. 48. Erigeron cinereus A. Gray. {E. divergens cinereus A. Gray) On river bluffs from Colo, and Utah to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 6500-7500 ft. — Manitou ; river bluffs north of La Veta; Los Pinos (Bayfield) ; Arboles. 49. Erigeron nudiflorus Buckl. Hills and river bluffs from Colo, to Te.x. and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Ft. Collins ; butte, five miles southeast of La Veta; Quimby; Horsetooth Mountain; Horsetooth Gulch. 50. Erigeron argentatus A. Gray. On dry plains from Mont, and Wash, to Col. and Nev. — Grand Junction. 51. Erigeron canus A. Gray. On dry plains from S. D. and Wyo. to Neb. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Near Empire ; Colorado Springs ; Sunset Caiion ; Lake City ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Mancos; Almelia. 52. Erigeron subcanescens Rydb. On dry plains from Mont, and Alb. to Colo. — North Park. 53. Erigeron caespitosus Nutt. On dry plains from Sask., Yukon and B. C. to Colo. — Alt. about 9500 ft. — Chambers' Lake. 32. LEPTILON Raf. Horseweed, Canada Fleabane. I. Leptilon canadense (L.) Britton. {Erigeron Canadense L.) In waste places and dry soil from Lab. and B. C. to Fla. and Calif. ; also in W. Ind. and Mex. and introduced in Europe. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Gunnison ; Minne- haha; Box Caiion, west of Ouray; Ft. Collins; North Cheyenne Caiion. 33. ESCHENBACHIA Moench. 1. Eschenbachia Coulteri (A. Gray) Rydb. (Conysa Coulteri A. Gray) On river bottoms from Colo, to Tex. and Calif. — Caiion City {Brandegee). 34. BACCHARIS L. Grounsel Tree, Pencil Tree. Pappus copious, in fruit elongating and surpassing the stj'les. Pappus-bristles in several series ; plant 3-6 dm. high, herbaceous with a woody base. i. B. Wrightii. CARDUACEAE. 367 Pappus-bristles in one series ; plants 1-5 m. high, shrubby. Fertile heads hemispherical, 5-10 mm. broad; bracts all acute. 2. B. salicina. Fertile heads deeply campanulate, 3-5 mm. broad ; outer bracts obtuse. 3. B. Emoryi. Pappus scant, little if at all elongating, in fruit not exceeding the styles. 4. B. glutinosa. 1. Baccharis Wrightii A. Gray. In saline soil from Kans. and Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. ; also in Mex.— Brantly Cation, Las Animas Co. ; Soda Spring ledge, Fremont Co. 2. Baccharis salicina T. & G. In saline soil from Kans. and Colo, to Tex. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Rocky Ford, Otero Co. ; Grand Junction ; Cation City. 3. Baccharis Emoryi A. Gray. Along rivers, especially in saline ground, from Colo, to N. M. and Calif. — Alt. about 4600 ft. — Grand Junction. 4. Baccharis glutinosa Pers. Along streams from Colo, to Tex. and Calif. ; also in Mex. — Grand Junction ; Grand Canon ; Peoria Creek. Tribe 4. GNAPHALIAE. 35. BERTHELOTIA DC. I. Berthelotia sericea (Nutt.) Rydb. (Polypappus sericeus Nutt. ; Pluchea borealis A. Gray) On sandy banks of streams from Colo, and Utah to Tex. and Calif. ; also in Mex. — Grand Canon. 36. FILAGO L. I. Filago prolifera (Nutt.) Britton. {Evax prolifera Nutt.) On dry ground from S. D. and Colo, to La. and Tex. — Plains near Greeley; New Windsor. 37. ANTENNARIA Gaertn. Cat's-foot, Everlasting. Pappus-bristles of the staminate heads with clavate or scarious-dilated tips. Plants surculose-proliferous with leafy stolons. Plant caulescent. Bracts of the involucres with green or brown upper portion. Bracts dark ; leaves not yellowish. Bracts of the heads lanceolate, acute. (Pistillate heads of) i. A. media. Bracts oblong or oval, obtuse. Bracts very dark, almost black at the base, but often with white tips. (Staminate heads of) i. A. media. Bracts moderately dark, umber-colored throughout. 2. A. umbrinella. Bracts isabel-colored ; leaves yellowish-white. Inner bracts not rose-colored. 3. A. flavescens. Inner bracts rose-colored. 4. A. concinna. Bracts of the involucres with white or pink upper portion. Heads 5-8 mm. high. Bracts usually with bright pink upper portion. Leaves narrowly oblanceolate, acute. 5. A. rosea. Leaves spatulate, obtuse. 6. A. imbricata. Bracts with white upper portion. 3G8 CARDUACEAE. Leaves of the stolons narrowly oblanceolate, 1.5-5 cm. long; bracts with dark spots. 7. A. tiardiua. Leaves of the stolons spatulate, 0.5-3 cm. long ; bracts not with dark spots. Leaves of the stolons 5-15 mm. long, rhombic-spatulate ; tomen- tum very fine, appressed and silky. 8. A. microphylla. Leaves of the stolons spatulate, usually rounded at the apex, 15-30 mm. long; tomcntuni looser. Bracts of the pistillate heads obtuse ; plant 1--2 dm. high. 9. A. viscidula. Bracts of the pistillate heads acute. Inflorescence and upper leaves glanduiar-hairy ; leaves of the inflorescence large, scarcely smaller than the upper stem- leaves; bracts greenish. 10. A. bract eosa. Inflorescence and upper leaves not glandular ; the latter re- duced; bracts brownish. 11. A. oxyphylla. Heads 8-12 mm. high. Leaves toraentose on both sides. Plant tall, 2-3 dm. high ; heads usually peduncled. Leaves less than 2 cm. long and 5-8 mm. wide, usually not triple- nerved ; heads 7-9 mm. high. 11. A. oxyphylla. Leaves over 2 cm. long, 7-10 mm. wide, triple-nerved; heads about I cm. high. 12. A. obovata. Plant low, usually less than i dm. high ; heads subsessile. 13. A. aprica. Leaves glabrous above. 14. A. marginata. Plant acaulescent ; heads subsessile among the rosettes of the basal leaves. Bracts with white upper portion ; leaves white on both sides. 15. A. rosulata. Bracts with brown upper portion ; leaves glabrate above. 16. A. Sierrae-Blancae. Plants not surculose-proliferous. Heads 4-5 mm. high ; bracts nearly glabrous, scarious throughout ; leaves silky-tomentose. 17. A. oblanceolata. Heads 6-10 mm. high; bracts tomentose at the base; only tips scarious; leaves villous-tomentose. Bracts with a large dark spot ; those of the pistillate heads ovate to lan- ceolate, acute ; those of the staminate heads ovate or oval, obtuse or acutish ; pistillate heads about 8-10 mm. high, turbinate at the base. 18. A. pulcherrinia. Bracts with small dark spots or none ; bracts of both staminate and pis- tillate heads with oblong or oval, obtuse tips ; those of the staminate heads slightly broader. 19. A. anaphaloides. Pappus-bristles of the staminate heads not clavnte ; achenes puberulent ; hairs bifurcate at the apex : plant low and densely cespitose. 20. A. dimorpha. 1. Antennaria media Greene. On the higher peaks from Mont, and B. C. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft. — Massif de I'Arapahoe; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains ; Alpine Tunnel ; West Spanish Peak ; near Pagosa Peak ; Bottomless Pit ; Silver Plume ; mountain southeast of Cameron Pass. 2. Antennaria umbrinella Rydb. On the higher mountains from Mont, and Ida. to Colo. — Alt. 7500-13,000 ft. — Ruxton Dell ; Alpine Tunnel ; Sierra Blanca; Little Kate Basin; divide road to Steamboat Springs; Gunnison; Ironton, San Juan Co. ; Berthoud Pass. 3. Antennaria flavescens Rydb. On dry hills from ^lont. and Wash, to Colo. — Alt. up to 10,500 ft. — Hahn's Peak; Spicer. 4. Antennaria concinna E. Nels. On mountain ridges of Colo, and Utah. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — Palsgrove Cafion. CARDUACEAE. 369 5. Antennaria rosea (D. C. Eaton) Greene. (A. parviflora Rydb. ; not Nutt.) In meadows from Alb. and Yukon to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 6000-11,000 ft. — Lake City; Empire City; North Boulder Peak; Pike's Peak; Mt. Hesperus; headwaters of Pass Creek; Crested Butte; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Upper La Plata River ; gulch west of Pennock's ; Eldora to Baltimore ; Horsetooth Mountain. 6. Antennaria imbricata E. Nels. On hillsides from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — West Mancos Divide ; Palsgrove Caiion ; Ruxton Dell ; Rist Canon ; Chambers' Lake. 7. Antennaria nardina Greene. {A. corymbosa E. Nels.) In meadows from Mont, and Ore. to Colo. — Alt. up to 12,000 ft. — Lake City; Seven Lakes. 8. Antennaria microphylla Rydb. {A. parvifolia Greene ; not Nutt. ; A. for- niosa Greene) On dry plains and hills from Sask. and B. C. to Neb. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-11,000 ft. — Pike's Peak; Empire City; Lake City; Waha- toya Creek ; Gunnison ; Dark Caiion ; Piedra ; Seven Lakes ; Wolcott, Eagle Co.; Alamosa; Parlin; Boulder; Ft. Collins; south of Walden; Ruxton Dell. 9. Antennaria viscidula A. Nels. On mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 9000-13,000 ft. — West Spanish Peak; Cabin Cation. 10. Antennaria bracteosa Rydb. In mountain meadows from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. 8000-9000 ft. — Colorado Springs; Mt. Hesperus; Sangre de Cristo Creek. 11. Antennaria oxyphylla Greene. On hills and mountains from S. D. and Mont, to Neb. and Colo. — Alt. up to 11,000 ft. — Mt. Abram, Ouray; gulch west of Pennock's. 12. Antennaria obovata E. Nels. On hills and mountains from S. D. to Colo. — Soldier Canon ; Palmer Lake. 13. Antennaria aprica Greene. (A. dioica Hook.; not Gaert.) On hills and mountains from S. D. and Alb. to N. M. and Utah. — Alt. 5000-12,000 ft. — Lake City; Pike's Peak; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron; Los Pinos; Veta Mountain ; Turkey Creek and tributaries ; Wahatoya Caiion ; West In- dian Creek ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; East Indian Creek ; north of La Veta ; Ojo; Cucharas River, below La Veta; southeast of La Veta; Palmer Lake; Howe's Gulch ; North Cheyenne Caiion ; La Plata Caiion ; Mancos ; Chicken Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; near Denver; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch ; Mt. Hesperus ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Howe's Gulch ; Horsetooth Mountain ; Eldora to Baltimore ; Beaver Creek. 14. Antennaria marginata Greene. On the mountains of Colo., N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft. — Little Veta Mountain. 15. Antennaria rosulata Rydb. In mountain valleys of Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Wahatoya Creek; Los Pinos (Bayfield). 16. Antennaria Sierrae-Blancae Rydb. On alpine peaks of Southern Colo. — Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft. — Sierra-Blanca. 17. Antennaria oblanceolata Rydb. On mountain sides from Mont, and B. C. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Mountains west of North Park ; Buffalo Pass ; Park Range ; Walton Creek, Routt Co. 18. Antennaria pulcherrima (Hook.) Greene. {A. Carpatica pulcherrima Hook.) On hillsides from Sask. and Yukon to Colo, and Wash. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Hamor's Lake. 24 370 CARDUACEAE. 19. Antennaria anaphaloides Rydb. On hillsides from Mont, to Colo, and Ore. — Alt. 8000-11,000 ft. — Engelmann's Canon; Massif de I'Arapahoe; Crys- tal Park ; Iron Mountain ; near Veta Pass ; Marshall Pass ; Manitou ; Artists' Glen; West Indian Creek; Green Mountain Falls; Soldier Canon; Howe's Gulch; gulch west of Pennock's ; Stove Prairie. 20. Antennaria dimorpha T. & G. On dry hills from Mont, and B. C. to Neb., Colo, and Nev. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Cimarron. 38. ANAPHALIS D. C. Pearly Everlasting. I. Anaphalis subalpina (A. Gray) Rydb. (A. margaritacca subalpina A. Gray) In open mountain woods from S. D. and B. C. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 8000-11,000 ft. — Empire City; Middle Park; Cameron Pass; La Plata Canon ; near Pagosa Peak ; Red Mountain road, south of Ouray ; Sangre de Cristo; Ruby; Stove Prairie Hill; Empire; between Sunshine and Ward; Ft. Collins ; Fish Creek Falls. 39. GNAPHALIUM L. Cudweed, Everlasting. Heads not leafy-bracted ; involucres well imbricated ; its bracts scarious, white or tinged with brownish, rose or yellow ; plants mostly tall. Leaves tomentose on both sides ; plants little if at all glandular. Leaves narrowed at the base, not at all decurrent. i. G. Wrightii. Stem-leaves not narrowed at the base, more or less decurrent, or at least auricled. 2. G. sulphurescens. Leaves on the upper surface green and decidedly glandular, decurrent. 3. G. decurrens. Heads leafy-bracted ; involucres little imbricated ; its bracts brown or greenish ; plant low. Plants loosely floccose ; leaves broad, spatulate, oblong or oblanceolate. 4. G. palustre. Plants appressed-tomentose ; leaves except the lowest narrowly oblanceolate or linear. Stem diffusely branched ; glomerules crowded, cymosely disposed. Upper leaves narrowly oblanceolate. 5. G. uliginosum. Upper leaves narrowly linear. 6. G. angtistifolium. Stem mostly simple, erect ; glomerules spicately disposed. 7. G. strictum. 1. Gnaphalium Wrightii A. Gray. On dry ground from Colo, to N. M. and Calif.; also in ]\Iex. — Meadow Park; Lyons. 2. Gnaphalium sulphurescens Rydb. In sandy soil from northern Wyo. and Wash, to Tex. and N. M. — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Poudre, near La Porte; Ft. Collins; Boulder; New Windsor. 3. Gnaphalium decurrens Ives. In open ground from N. S. and Ida. to Pa. and Colo. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Greeley; Marshall Pass; Ouray; Box Canon, west of Ouray ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Steamboat Springs. 4. Gnaphalium palustre Nutt. In wet places from Mont, and B. C. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 5000-7500 ft. — Alamosa; twenty miles below Steamboat Springs ; along Bear River ; Gunnison ; Hotchkiss. 5. Gnaphalium uliginosum L. In wet places from Newf. and B. C. to Va., Colo, and Ore.— Twin Lakes. 6. Gnaphalium angustifolium A. Nels. In wet places in Wyo. and Colo. — Alamosa ; Honnold ; North Platte River, near Hebron. CARDUACEAE. 371 7. Gnaphalium strictum A. Gray. In wet places from Wyo. to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Buena Vista ; Ruxton Dell ; below Hot Sulphur Springs ; near Pagosa Peak ; Denver ; Empire ; Ft. Collins ; Bosworth's ranch ; Poudre River ; Twin Lakes ; Ft. Garland ; Georgetown. Tribe 4. HELIANTHEAE. 40. MELAMPODIUM L. I. Melampodium leucanthum T. & G. (M. cinereum A. Gray, in part; not DC.) On dry plains from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Rocky Ford, Otero Co.; Canon City; near Badito; Walsenburg; Pueblo; Florence. 41. PARTHENICE A. Gray. I. Parthenice mollis A. Gray. On hillsides along the stream from Colo. to Ariz. — " Southern Colorado." 42. CRASSINA Scepin. Zinnia. Ligules of the rays large, much longer than the disk. i. C. grandiHora. Ligules of the rays scarcely longer than the disk. 2. C. anomala. 1. Crassina grandiflora (Nutt.) Kuntze. (Zinnia grandiHora Nutt.) Plains from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Pueblo; Trinidad; Walsenburg; Arkansas River; Raton Range. 2. Crassina anomala (A. Gray) Kuntze. {Zinnia anomala A. Gray) On plains from Colo, to Tex. and Mex. — Pueblo. 43. HELIOPSIS Pers. Ox-eye. I. Heliopsis scabra Dunal. On dry soil and river banks from Me. and B. C. to N. M.— Alt. 7000-8000 ft.— Wahatoya Creek; La Veta. 44. BRAUNERIA Necker. Purple Cone-flower. I. Brauneria angustifolia (DC.) Heller. On prairies from Minn, and Mont, to Tex. — Exact locality not given. 45. GYMNOLOMIA H. B. K. I. Gymnolomia multiflora (Nutt.) B. & H. On plains and banks of streams from Mont, and Nev. to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Colorado Springs; Hahn's Peak; Veta Pass; southeast of Ouray; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; Manitou ; Marshall Pass; Chester; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co. ; Golden ; near Pagosa Peak ; Lower Boulder Cafion, Boulder Co. ; Cerro Summit ; Big Creek Gulch ; between Sunshine and Ward ; Palmer Lake; Hotchkiss; Cimarron and Squaw Hill; La Veta; Ute Pass; Steamboat Springs. 46. RUDBECKIA L. Cone-flower, Black-eyed Susan. Heads radiate ; disk in fruit spherical or oblong. Leaves entire or merely toothed; plant hispid. i. R. ilava. Leaves except the uppermost 3-s-cleft or pinnatifid ; plant glabrous or nearly so. Basal leaves and lower stem-leaves pinnately s-7-divided. 2. R. laciniata. Basal leaves and lower stem-leaves palmately ternate. 3. R. ampla. Heads discoid ; disk in fruit cylindraceous. 4. R. montana. 372 CARDUACEAE. 1. Rudbeckia flava Moore. (R. hirta A. Gray, in part ; not L.) On hill- sides from N. D. and Wyo. to Colo. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Pike's Peak; Gun- nison; Idaho Springs; South Park; Ruxton Dell; Engelmann Canon; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; North Cheyenne Canon ; mountains, Larimer Co. ; George- town; Parlin ; Baxter's ranch; Bosworth's ranch; Stove Prairie; Moon's ranch; Ute; Pingrcc Hill; Poudre River; Laramie River; Rist Canon. 2. Rudbeckia laciniata L. In wet places from Que. and Ida. to Fla. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-9500 ft. — Durango; Williams' Caiion ; mountains, Larimer Co.; Pagosa Springs; along Uncompahgre River, near Ouray; Ouray; Par- lin, Gunnison Co.; Boulder; Ft. Collins; Big Creek Gulch; Bosworth's ranch, Stove Prairie; Elk Caiion; Long Gulch. 3. Rudbeckia ampla A. Nels. On river banks in Wyo. and Colo. — Baxter's ranch; Poudre River flats; Ft. Collins. 4. Rudbeckia montana A. . Gray. In the mountains of Colo. — Wolcott, Eagle Co. ; Gunnison Co. ; Elk Mountains. 47. RATIBIDA Raf. Cone-flower. Disk in fruit oblong, about i cm. long ; pappus of i or 2 awn-like teeth without intermediate squamellae. i. R. Tagetes. Disk in fruit cylindraceous, 2-4 cm. long; pappus with a series of squamellae. 2. R. columnaris. 1. Ratibida Tagetes (James) Barnhart. {Lepachys Tagetes A. Gray) On plains from Kans. and Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000- 7500 ft. — Caiion City ; Tola ; Cheyenne Wells. 2. Ratibida columnaris (Sims) D. Don. (Lepachys columnaris T. & G.) On plains from Sask. and B. C. to Tenn., Tex. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Ute Pass, near Pike's Peak ; Ft. Collins ; Denver ; Piedra ; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Boulder; Horsetooth Gulch. Ratibida columnaris pulcherrima (DC.) D. Don. Rays at least partly purple. — Ft. Collins. 48. BALSAMORRHIZA Hook. Bals.\m-root. 1. Balsamorrhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. On hillsides from Alb. and B. C. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Cerro Summit ; Cimarron. 49. WYETHIA Nutt. Involucral bracts nearly equal, in 2-:^ series ; stem not white. Plant glabrous. i. W. amplexicaulis. Plant densely pubescent. 2. W. arizonica. Involucral bracts unequal, the outer much shorter in 5-6 series ; stem white. 3. W. scabra. I. Wyethia amplexicaulis Nutt. In mountain valleys from Mont, and B. C. to Colo, and Nev.— Alt. about 9000 ft. — Rogers; divide road to Steamboat Springs ; Honnold ; Continental Divide, Routt Co. ; Arapahoe Pass ; Camp Creek ; Spicer. 2. Wyethia arfzonica A. Gray. Near mountain streams from Colo, and Utah to Ariz. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — IMancos ; Cerro Summit ; Rifle, Garfield Co.; Los Pinos (Bayfield); Chicken Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; Dolores; Gunnison Co. CARDUACEAE. 373 3. Wyethia scabra Hook. Dry plains from Wyo. to N. ]M. and Utah. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — La Plata Valley; base of Carisa {Brandegec). 50. HELIANTHUS L. Sun-flower. Annuals ; leaves broad, ovate or cordate or lanceolate ; disk purple. Bracts ciliate, hispid, ovate or obovate, abruptly acuminate. Lower leaves, at least, ovate or cordate, distinctly toothed. 1. H. lenticularis. Leaves lanceolate or narrowly deltoid, minutely toothed or entire. 2. H. aridus. Bracts not ciliate, canescent-strigose. lanceolate. 3. H. petiolaris. Perennials. Disk dark brown or purple. Leaves linear. 4. H. orgyalis. Leaves rhombic-ovate. 5. //. subrhomboideus. Disk yellow or light brownish. Bracts broadly lanceolate, acute, appressed. 6. H. puinilus. Bracts narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, more or less spreading or squarrose. Stem more or less scabrous or hispid ; the upper leaves subsessile. Leaves and stem very scabrous. 7. H. MaximUiani. Leaves scabrous above, hirsute beneath ; stem more or less hirsute. 8. H. giganteus. Stem, except the upper portion, glabrous and glaucous (rarely hirsute with few hairs) : leaves mostly all petioled. Leaves coarsely toothed ; bracts hirsute-ciliate. 9. H. grosseserratits. Leaves distantly and minutely denticulate or subentire ; bracts not ciliate or ciliate merely at the base. 10. H. fascicularis. 1. Helianthus lenticularis Dougl. (H. annus A. Gray, in part; not L.) On plains and in alluvial soil from N. D. and Ida. to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000- 7000 ft. — Caiion City; Valley Spur; Black Canon; Ft. Collins; valley of Upper Arkansas River; Huerfano Valley, near Gardner; Boulder; Pennock's mountain ranch. 2. Helianthus aridus Rydb. In arid soil from ]\Iont. to Neb. and N. Mex. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — ^lanitou. 3. Helianthus petiolaris Xutt. On dry plains and in waste places from Minn., Sask, Mont, and Ore. to Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Colo- rado Springs ; Ft. Collins ; Boulder ; Eldora to Baltimore ; Wray. 4. Helianthus orgyalis DC. On plains from Mo. and Colo, to Tex. — Southeastern Colorado. 5. Helianthus subrhomboideus Rydb. (H. rigidus A. Gray, in part) On plains from Man., Sask. and Mont, to Colo, and Neb. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — La Pagosa; mountains, Larimer Co.; near Pagosa Peak; Cheyenne INIoun- tain; Bosworth's ranch, Stove Prairie: Boulder; canon west of Palmer Lake; Horsetooth Mountain. 6. Helianthus pumilus Nutt. On plains and mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-7500 ft. — Idaho Springs; Caiion City; New Windsor; Golden; Trail Glen; Horsetooth Gulch; Boulder; Harden's ranch; foot-hills, Dixon Caiion; hill south of Horsetooth Mountain; Bosworth's ranch, Stove Prairie; gulch west of Pennock's ; Spring Cafion. 7. Helianthus Maximiliani Schrad. On prairies and in river valleys from Man. and Wyo. to Tex.— Alt. 4000-7000 ft— Sterling, Logan Co.; Black Caiion of the Gunnison. 374 CARDUACEAE. 8. Helianthus giganteus L. In moist ground from Mc. and Sask. to Fla., La. and Colo. — Mt. Harvard. g. Helianthus grosseserratus Martins. On plains and prairies from N. Y. and W yo. to Pa., Tex. and Colo. — Ft. Collins. lo. Helianthus fascicularis Greene. (//. giganteus utahcnsis D. C. Eaton; H. utahcnsis A. Nelson) In mountain valleys from Ass. and Alb. to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Gunnison ; Parlin, Gunnison Co. ; McCoy ; Caiion City; Ft. Collins; mountains, Larimer Co.; Cache la Poudre; Boulder. 51. HELIANTHELLA T. & G. Chaffs of the receptacle soft and scarious. Rays conspicuous ; disk-flowers yellowish. Disk 2-3 cm. in diameter ; leaves ovate to lanceolate, thin, not strongly reticulate. i. H. quinqiicnervis. Disk less than 2 dm. wide ; leaves oblanceolate to linear, strongly reticulate. 2. H. Parryi. Rays few and scarcely surpassing the dark-purple disk-flowers. 4. H . microcephala. Chaffs of the receptacle firm-chartaceous. 3. H. uniHora. 1. Helianthella quinquenervis A. Gray. Along mountain streams from S. D. and Ida. to Colo. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Robinson; Cerro Summit; Mt. Har- vard; Moon's ranch; mountains, Larimer Co.; North Park, near Teller; Steamboat Springs; Leroux Park; Buffalo Pass; Four-mile Hill; foot of Michigan Hill ; east slope of Rabbit-Ear Range ; Bosworth's ranch ; Mt. Abram, Ouray ; Villa Grove ; South Park ; near Ironton, San Juan Co. ; West Spanish Peak; Marshall Pass; Eldora to Baltimore; Berthoud Pass; Spicer. 2. Helianthella Parryi A. Gray. In the mountains of Colo., N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Lat. 39°-4i°; Veta Pass; Ruxton Dell; Artists' Glen ; Green Mountain Falls ; Marshall Pass. 3. Helianthella microcephala A. Gray. Dry plains of Southern Colo., N. M. and Utah. — Alt. 4500 ft. — San Juan Valley. 4. Helianthella uniflora (Nutt.) T. & G. On hills and mountains from Mont, and Ida. to N. M. and Utah.— Table Rock. 52. XIMENESIA Cav. I. Ximenesia exauriculata (Rob. & Greenm.) Rydb. (Verbesina encelioides cxauriculata Rob. & Greenm.) In mountain valleys from Mont, to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Pass Creek ; Caiion City ; Colorado Springs ; Rocky Ford; Ft. Collins; Pueblo; Mancos ; Hotchkiss, Delta Co.; Huerfano Valley, near Gardner; Salida; Gunnison; Manitou; Boulder; Lafayette; Montrose; Palmer Lake; Buena Vista; Timnath. 53. COREOPSIS L. Tick-seed. Leaves once or twice pinnately divided. i. C. tinctoria. Leaves simple. 2. C. lanceolaia. 1. Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Low ground from Man. to Va., Tex., Ariz, and Alb. — Along Platte River, near Denver. 2. Coreopsis lanceolata L. In rich soil from Ont. and Colo, to Fla. and La. — Ft. Collins. CARDUACEAE. 375 54. BIDENS L. Beggar-ticks; Bur-marigold; Spanish Needles. Achenes flat, obovate or cuneate ; leaves or segments broad. Leaves pinnately 3-s-foliolate. Outer bracts 4-8 ; achenes nearly black. i. B. frondosa. Outer bracts 10-16; achenes brown. 2. B. vulgata. Leaves simple. Heads discoid, erect ; corolla 4-toothed. 3. B. comosa. Heads radiate, nodding ; corolla 5-toothed. Outer bracts not much longer than the inner ; achenes not corky on the angles. 4. B. prionophylla. Outer bracts surpassing the rays ; achenes with corky angles. 5. B. glaucescens. Achenes linear, tetragonal ; leaf-segments small. Divisions of the leaves oblong or lanceolate. 6. B. Bigelovii. Divisions of the leaves linear. 7. B. tenuisecta. 1. Bidens frondosa L. In wet soil from N. B. and Neb. to Fla., Tex. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Ft. Collins ; Cache la Poudre. 2. Bidens vulgata Greene. In wet ground from Ont. and B. C. to N. C. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Ft. Collins. 3. Bidens comosa (A. Gray) Wiegand. (B. connata comosa A. Gray) In wet ground from Mass. and Nebr. to N. J. and Colo. — Along Poudre. 4. Bidens prionophylla Greene. In shallow water and wet ground from Ills, and Mont, to Colo. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Poudre. 5. Bidens glaucescens Greene. (B. chrysanthemoides and B. cernua A. Gray, in part) In wet ground and shallow water from Sask. and Mont, to Kans. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Denver ; Colorado Springs ; river flats east of Ft. Collins; Poudre River; Table Rock; Tobe Miller's ranch. 6. Bidens Bigelovii A. Gray. Along streams from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. ^Alt. up to 7500 ft. — Manitou ; Engelmann Caiion ; Como ; Ute Pass. 7. Bidens tenuisecta A. Gray. Along streams from Colo, and Ida. to Tex. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Engelmann Canon ; Colorado Springs; Buena Vista; Palmer Lake; Ute Creek; Cimarron. 55. THELESPERMA Less. Heads radiate. Leaf-segments linear-filiform, i mm. or less wide. Annual or biennial ; outer bracts subulate-linear, more than half as long as the inner. i. T. triMum. Perennial from a root-stock ; outer bracts linear-lanceolate, half as long as the inner or less. 2. T. tenue. Leaf-segments linear, over i mm. wide ; plant perennial. Plant with tap-root, leafy throughout. 3. T. intermedium. Plant with horizontal root-stock, leafy only at the base. 4. T. subnudum. Heads discoid ; perennials with root-stock or woody caudex. 5. T. gracile. 1. Thelesperma trifidum (Lam.) Britton. {T. Ulifolium A. Gray) On dry plains from Neb. and Colo, to Kans., Tex. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Colorado Springs ; Denver, along Platte River. 2. Thelesperma tenue Rydb. On plains and in mountain valleys of Colo. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft.^ — Veta Pass ; " the plains." 3. Thefesperma intermedium Rydb. On plains, in dry or sandy soil, from Neb. and Wyo. to Colo.— Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Canon City; Wahatoya Canon; La Veta. 37(i CARDUACEAE. 4. Thelespertna subnudum A. Gray. On dry plains of Colo., Utah, N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 4500-7000 ft. — Branlly Canon, Las Animas Co.; Grand Junc- tion; Cedar Hills; Walsenburg; dry hills about Antonito. 5. Thelesperma gracile A. Gray. On dry plains from Neb. and Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Colorado Springs; near Boulder; Mani- tou; New Windsor; Denver; Ft. Collins; between Sunshine and Ward;. Fos- sil Creek; Wray; Raton Range; Poudre River. 56. MADIA Molina. Tar-weed. I. Madia glomerata Hook. In open dry places in the mountains from Sask. and B. C. to Colo.— Alt. 6500-9000 ft.— Valley near Empire; Rabbits-Ear Pass; Cerro Summit; Pagosa Springs; Gunnison Co.; Hubbard Creek; Dale Creek; Steamboat Springs; between Pallas and Sydney; Hotchkiss; Hayden. Tribe 5. HELENIAE. 57. PSILOSTROPHE DC. Scales of the pappus one-third as long as the disk-corollas, mostly obtuse ; leaves broadly spatulate ; rays 8-12 mm. long, indistinctly nerved. i. P. Bakeri. Scales of the pappus one-half as long as the disk-corollas, acute or acuminate ; rays 5-8 mm. long, distinctly veined. 2. P. tagetina. 1. Psilostrophe Bakeri Greene. (Riddellia tagetina pumila Jones ; P. piimila A. Nels.) On dry plains and hills in Colo, and Utah.— Alt. 5500 ft.— Uncom- pahgre Mountains, near Los Pinos ; Rifle, Garfield Co. ; Grand Junction ; Delta Co.; Montrose; Hotchkiss; Palisades. 2. Psilostrophe tagetina (Nutt.) Greene. {Riddellia tagetina Nutt.) On dry plains from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — Sources of the Platte. 58. PERICOME A. Gray. I. Pericome caudata A. Gray. In canons and river valleys from Colo, to Tex. and N. M. ; also in Mex.— Alt. 5000-8000 ft.— North Cheyenne Caiion; Manitou; Engelmann Caiion; Colorado Springs; Marshall Pass; Ute Pass. 59. HYMENOPAPPUS L'Her. Throat of the corolla 1-1.5 mm. long, not over twice as long as the lobes. Pappus not hidden by the hairs of the achenes. Stem permanently densely white-tomentose ; achenes silky. 1. H. arenosus. Stem sparingly grayish-tomentose, glabrate in age ; achenes loosely villous. 2. H. cinereus. Pappus hidden by the hairs of the achenes, or sometimes none. 3. H. filifolius. Throat of the corolla 3-4 times as long as the lobes. Pappus shorter than the corolla-tube ; throat of corolla 3-4 mm. long ; plant tall. 4. H. macroglottis. Pappus equalling the corolla-tube: throat about 1.5 mm. long; plant dwarf. 5. H. parvulus. I. Hymenopappus arenosus Heller. On dry hills and plains from Colo, and Utah to N. M. — .A.lt. 5000-7000 ft. — Arboles; Dolores; hills above Trinidad; Grand Junction ; Mancos ; Florence. CARDUACEAE. 377 2. Hymenopappus cinereus Rydb. (//. ochrolcucus Greene) On dry hills and plains of Colo. — Alt. 5000-11,000 ft. — West of Loveland, Larimer Co.; Twin Lakes; Rifle, Garfield Co.; Cimarron; Durango; Walsenburg; mesas near Pueblo; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Garden of the Gods; Trinidad; Palmer Lake; across Gunnison River, Grand Junction; mountains about Manitou ; Florence ; Buena Vista ; Colorado Springs. 3. Hymenopappus filifolius Nutt. On dry plains from Sask. and Mont, to Neb., Colo, and Ore. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Grand Junction ; Apishapa Creek, Otero Co. ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Ft. Collins ; Fossil Creek. 4. Hymenopappus macroglottis Rydb. On dry hills and plains from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — Exact locality not given ; specimens collected by Fremont. 5. Hymenopappus parvulus Greene. On dry hills of western Colo. — Alt. about 7500 ft. — Gunnison. 60. LEUCAMPYX A. Gray. I. Leucampyx Newberryi A. Gray. In canons of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — Pagosa Springs ; West Indian Creek ; Cimarron. 61. POLYPTERIS Nutt. I. Polypteris Hookeriana (T. & G.) A. Gray. On plains from Neb. and Colo, to Tex. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Golden; Ft. Collins. 62. PICRADENIOPSIS Rydb. I. Picradeniopsis oppositifolia (Nutt.) Rydb. (Bahia oppositifoUa Nutt.) In alkaline soil from S. D. and Mont, to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Foot-hills, Colorado Springs; La Veta; New Windsor; Ft. Collins; lola; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins ; Denver ; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta ; Gun- nison; Boulder; Rocky Ford; Pueblo; near Timnath. 63. ACHYROPAPPUS H. B. K. I. Achyropappus neo-mexicanus A. Gray. {Bahia neo-mexicana A. Gray) In sandy soil from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. ; also Mex. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Buena Vista; Alamosa. 64. PLATYSCHKUHRIA (A. Gray) Rydb. Stem scapiform or nearly so; leaves firm, oval to lanceolate, i. P. integrifolia. Stem leafy ; leaves thin, oblong. 2. P. oblongifolia. 1. Platyschkuhria integrifolia (A. Gray) Rydb. {Bahia nudicanlis A. Gray; Schkuhria integrifolia A. Gray) In arid regions of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Deer Run ; Grand Junction. 2. Platyschkuhria oblongifolia (A. Gray) Rydb. {Bahia oblongifolia A. Gray) In arid regions of Colo, and Utah. — Valley of San Juan. 65. BAHIA Lag. I. Bahia dissecta (A. Gray) Britton. {B. chrysanthemoides A. Gray) Along streams from Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — Bosworth's 378 CARDUACEAE. ranch; Stove Prairie; Granite; Ouray; Ruxton Park; foot of Mt. Harvard; hills about Box Canon, west of Ouray ; mountains, Larimer Co. ; North Cheyenne Canon; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Durango; Horse- tooth Mountain ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Elk Canon ; Idaho Springs ; Em- pire; Gray's Peak; Lake City; headwaters of Clear Creek. 66. CHAENACTIS DC. Annuals. i. C. stevioides. Perennials. Heads corymbose, short-peduncled ; caudex short, erect. 2. C. Doiiglasii. Heads solitary, rather long-peduncled ; caudex with spreading branches. Bracts equalling the disk, only slightly tinged with purple. 3. C. pedicularia. Bracts much shorter than the disk, purplish. 4. C. alpina. 1. Chaenactis stevioides H. & A. In arid places from Ida. and Nev. to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Hotchkiss ; Rifle; McElmo Cafion ; Grand Junction ; Delta Co. ; Palisades. 2. Chaenactis Douglasii H. & A. In sandy and rocky places from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — High rocks, Middle Park; North Park ; Leroux, Delta Co. ; Twin Lakes ; Doyle's ; Cimarron ; head- waters of Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Grand River Canon ; piiion belt, north of Mancos ; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch ; Palisades ; Elk River, Routt Co. 3. Chaenactis pedicularia Greene. On high mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 11,500 ft. — Como; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains. 4. Chaenactis alpina (A. Gray) Jones. (C. Douglasii alpina A. Gray) On high mountains from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — " Colorado." 67. TETRANEURIS Greene. Flowering stems scapiform, leafless. Leaves densly appressed silky, at least when young. Leaves not strongly 3-nerved on the broadened bases. Leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, 2-4 cm. long; scape 2-12 cm. high. 1. T. acaulis. Leaves linear or linear-oblanceolate ; scape 12-20 cm. high. 2. T. simplex. Leaves strongly 3-nerved on the broadened bases, narrowly oblanceolate. 3. T. trinervata. Leaves loosely villous or glabrate. Leaves, scapes and involucres decidedly long-villous. 4. T. lanata. Leaves glabrous or sparingly villous ; scape finely pubescent (long-villous only in T. Torreyana). Branches of the caudex copiously villous at the ends, with long, at first white, but later brownish hairs. Pappus-scales lanceolate, acute ; bracts oblong. Crowns of the caudex copiously villous; scape 5-10 cm. long. 5. T. Torreyana. Crowns of the caudex not copiously villous ; scape 1-2 cm. high. 6. T. brevifolia. Pappus-scales oval, awned. Leaves oblanceolate, hairy. 7. T. arizonica. Leaves linear-oblanceolate, or linear-oblong, glabrate. Bracts oval. 8. T. pilosa. Bracts linear-oblong. 9. T. LrandalUi. CARDUACEAE. 379 Branches of the caudex not copiously villous. Bases of the leaves not broader than the oblanceolate or almost linear blades ; branches of the caudex short and stout. Leaves oblanceolate ; bracts slightly shorter than the disk : rays not strongly veined. lo. T. glabriuscula. Leaves linear or oblanceolate-linear ; bracts one-fourth shorter than the disk; rays strongly nerved. ii. T. angustifolia. Bases of the leaves 2-4 times as wide as the linear leaf-blades ; branches of the caudex elongated ; bases of the leaves and involucres sparingly silky villous. 12. T. stenophylla. Stems 2-^ dm. high with 2-4 leaves. Outer bracts oval or ovate, purple. 13. T. leptoclada. Outer bracts linear-oblong or lanceolate, green. 14. T. intermedia. 1. Tetraneuris acaulis (Pursh) Greene. (Actinella acaulis Nutt.) On hills and dry plains from Neb., Mont, and Ida. to N. M. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Rocky Ford, Otero Co.; Bartlett; mesas near Pueblo; Trinidad; Colorado City. 2. Tetraneuris simplex A. Nelson. On dry hills from S. D. and Ida. to Neb. and Colo. — Crow Creek ; Monument. 3. Tetraneuris trinervata Greene. On dry hills from Colo, to Tex. — On the Platte. 4. Tetraneuris lanata (Nutt.) Greene. {Actinella lanata Nutt.) On the mountains of Wyo. and Colo.— Alt. 6000-13,000 ft. — Mountain near Veta Pass ; Seven Lakes ; Como ; West Indian Creek ; west slope of Bald Moun- tain ; Pike's Peak ; Central City ; Mt. Garfield ; mesas near Colorado Springs ; Berthoud Pass; Sangre de Cristo Pass; north of La Porte; Pine Grove; James' Peak. 5. Tetraneuris Torreyana (Nutt.) Greene. (A. Torreyana Nutt.) On rocky hills of Wyo., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 4000-6500 ft. — Near northern State line. 6. Tetraneuris brevifolia Greene. Exposed mountains near Pike's Peak, Colo. 7. Tetraneuris arizonica Greene. On dry hills from Colo, to Ariz. — Trini- dad; Colorado Springs. 8. Tetraneuris pilosa Greene. On dry hills and mountains from Colo, to Ariz. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Los Pinos (Bayfield) ; Manitou. 9. Tetraneuris Crandallii Rydb. On dry hills of Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Grand Junction ; JMcCoy's, Eagle Co. ; Cimarron. 10. Tetraneuris glabriuscula Rydb. {T. glabra Greene; not Actinella glabra Nutt.) On dry hills from Colo, and Nev. to N. M. — Alt. about 6000 ft. — Ft. Collins ; Carion City ; Red Rock Caiion, near Pike's Peak. 11. Tetraneuris angustifolia Rydb. On dry rocky hills from Colo, to Tex. and N. M. — Alt. up to 7000 ft. — Table Rock ; Mancos ; Ft. Lyon ; Arkansas River. 12. Tetraneuris stenophylla Rydb. On dry plains from Kans. and Colo, to Tex. ; also Mex. — Banks of Cimarron. 13. Tetraneuris leptoclada (A. Gray) Greene. {Actinella leptoclada A. Gray; T. Mancosensis A. Nels.) On dry hills of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Mancos ; Leroux Creek, Delta Co. 14. Tetraneuris intermedia Greene. On dry hills of southern Colo. — Alt. 6500-7000 ft. — Cimarron ; Pagosa Springs. ^ 380 CARDUACEAE. 68. CHAMAECHAENACTIS Rydb. I. Chamaechaenactis scaposa (Kasfw.) Rydb. {Chacnactis scaposa Eastw.) In arid regions of Utah and Colo. — Grand Junction. 69. RYDBERGIA Greene. Involucres densely white-woolly at the base ; basal leaves more or less doubly pinnatifid. i. 7?. grandHlora. Involucres darker, short-villous at the base ; leaves simply pinnatifid with few divisions. 2. R. Brandegei. 1. Rydbergia grandiflora (T. & G.) Greene. (ActincUa grandiftora T. & G.) On high mountain sides from Mont, to N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 9000-13,500 ft. — Alpine Tunnel ; Pike's Peak ; Ironton, San Juan Co. ; Gray's Peak ; Mt. Harvard; Mt. Abram. Ouray; Seven Lakes; mountains south of Ward, Boulder Co. ; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains ; near Pagosa Peak ; Floral Mountain, near Georgetown; mountains above Como; Carson; Cam- eron Pass; Berlhoud Pass; Beaver Creek; mountain northwest of Como; mountains about Graymont ; Massif de I'Arapahoe; Hinsdale Co.; headwaters of Clear Creek; Ethel Peak. 2. Rydbergia Brandegei (A. Gray) Rydb. (Actinella Brandegei A. Gray; Rydhej-gia glabrata Greene) On high peaks of southern Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 9000-13,000 ft. — West Spanish Peak; Sierra Blanca. 70. HYMENOXYS Cass. Colorado Rubber Plant. Plant low, perennial with a multicipal caudex. Heads mostly solitary at the ends of the branches. Rays 12-18 mm. long; plant 1-3 dm. high. i. H. macrantha. Rays 5-8 mm. long ; plant less than i dm. high. 2. //. pumila. Heads mostly corymbose. Rays orange, broadly cuneate. 3. H. Earlei. Rays yellow, oblong or somewhat cuneate. 4. H. floribunda. Plant tall, 3 dm. high or more, biennial or short-lived perennial, with one or few stems from a tap-root. Stem simple below ; leaves pinnate or simple ; disk over i cm. wide. 5. H. hclenioides. Stem diffusely branched ; leaves once to thrice ternate ; disk 5-8 mm. wide. 6. H. multi-flora. 1. Hymenoxys macrantha (A. Nels.) Rydb. (Picradenia macranlha A. Nels. ; H. Ricliardsonii macrantha Cockerell) In dry soil from Wyo. to Utah and Colo. — Como; South Park. 2. Hymenoxys pumila (Greene) Rydb. (Picradenia pumila Greene; H. Ricliardsonii pumila Cockerell) Very dry hills from Ass. to Colo, and Utah. —North Park. 3. Hymenoxys Earlei Cockerell. In the pinon belt of Colo. — Mancos. 4. Hymenoxys floribunda (A. Gray) Cockerell. {Actinella Ricliardsonii Horibunda A. Gray; Picradenia floribunda Greene) In dry or gravelly soil from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz.— Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Como; Buena Vista; Marshall Pass ; Placer ; Westcliffe ; Twin Lakes ; Mancos ; Gunnison ; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Mt. Harvard; dry plains south of Antonito ; Dillon Caiion ; Nepesta ; Colorado Springs. CARDUACEAE. 381 5. Hymenoxys helenioides (Rydb.) Cockerell. (Picradenia helenioides Rydb.) In river valleys of southern Colo.- — Alt. 8000-9000 ft. — Sangre de Cristo Creek. 6. Hymenoxys multiflora (Buckley) Rydb. {Phileozera multiAora Buck- ley; Picradenia multiiiora Greene) Dry plains from Kans. and Colo, to Tex. and Ariz.; also northern Mex. In Colorado represented by var. Osterhoutii (Cockerell) Rydb. (H. chrysanthcmoides Osterhoutii Cockerell). — Apishapa Creek, Otero Co. 71. FLAVERIA Juss. I. Flaveria angustifolia (Cav.) Pers. In alkaline soil from Colo, to Tex. and N. M. ; also Mex. — Alt. about 4600 ft. — Grand Junction. 72. DUGALDIA Cass. I. Dugaldia Hoopesii (A. Gray) Rydb. (Helcnium Hoopesii A. Gray) In mountain valleys from Wyo. to N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 7000-12,000 ft. — Mountains above Ouray ; Crested Butte ; Leroux Creek ; Red Mountain ; Breckenridge ; Veta Pass ; Westcliffe ; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Grayback mining camps; Ironton, San Juan Co. ; along carriage road to Pike's Peak ; near Pagosa Peak ; Trappers' Lake ; Cripple Creek ; La Plata Caiion ; Gore Pass ; Mancos ; Leroux Creek delta ; Hahn's Peak ; Lake City. 73. HELENIUM L. Sneeze-weed. I. Helenium montanum Nutt. {H. autumnale A. Gray, in part; not L.) In meadows from Minn., Sask. and Wash, to Miss, and Colo. — Kremmling. 74. GAILLARDIA Foug. Lobes of the disk-corollas acute. i. G. aristata. Lobes of the disk-corollas short and broad, obtuse. 2. G. pinnatiiida. 1. Gaillardia aristata Pursh. On hills and plains from Sask. and B. C. to Colo, and Ore. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Glenwood Springs ; Larimer Co. ; Horse- tooth Gulch ; Rist Cafion ; Westcliffe ; Veta Pass ; Idaho Springs ; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins; Empire; Boulder; Soldier Cafion; Monument; hill north- west of Soldier Canon ; Spring Caiion ; Redstone ; forks of the Poudre and Big South ; Dixon Canon ; Stove Prairie Hill ; Narrows ; Table Rock. 2. Gaillardia pinnatifida Torn On dry plains from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Deer Run; Durango; Walsenburg; Grand Junction. 75. BOEBERA Willd. Fetid IMarigold. I. Boebera papposa (Vent.) Rydb. (Dysodia chrysanthemoides Lag.) On prairies, river valleys, roadsides and waste places from Ohio and Mont, to Ark. and Ariz. ; also Mex. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Cucharas Valley, near La Veta ; Ft. Collins ; Minnehaha ; Boulder ; Lyons ; Colorado Springs ; North Cheyenne Canon. 76. LOWELLIA A. Gray. I. Lowellia aurea A. Gray. (Hymenatherum aurcuin A. Gray) On plains from Colo, to Texas. — Rocky Ford, Otero Co. ; Caiion City ; Pueblo ; Huer- fano ; Colorado Springs ; Denver. 382 CARD U ACE A E. 77. PECTIS L. I. Pectis angustifolia Torr. In " sand-draws " and on sandy hillsides from Neb. and Colo, to Te.x. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-11,000 ft. — Pueblo; Rocky Ford; Little Veta Mountain ; Canon City. Tribe 6. ANTHEMIDEAE. 78. ANTHEMIS L. May-weed, Fetid Camomile. I. Anthemis Cotula L. In fields and waste places from Newf. and Yukon to Fia. and Calif. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Ft. Collins; Hotchkiss. 79. ACHILLEA L. Yarrow. Bracts with light brownish margins. i. A. lanulosa. Bracts with dark brown, nearly black margins. 2. A. alpicola. 1, Achillea lanulosa Nutt. On plains and mountains from western Ont. and Yukon to Ind. Terr, and Calif.; also Mex. — Alt. 4000-12,000 ft. — Ft. Col- lins; Arboles ; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; along Uncompahgre River, near Ouray ; Dark Canon ; Ruxton Brook ; Seven Lakes ; Gunnison ; Cerro Sum- mit ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Raton Range ; Dillon Cafion, 'Trinidad; Pike's Peak; Steamboat Springs. 2. Achillea alpicola Rydb. {A. lanulosa alpicola Rydb.) On high moun- tains from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft. — Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains; Seven Lakes; Mt. Ouray. 80. CHRYSANTHEMUM L. 0.\-eve Daisy. I. Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum L. Naturalized from Europe from Lab. to Fla., Colo, and Mont. — Along Platte River, near Denver. 81. PICROTHAMNUS Nutt. I. Picrothamnus desertorum Nutt. (Artemisia spinescens D. C. Eaton) On arid hills from Mont, and Ida. to N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Palisades, Mesa Co. ; Hotchkiss ; Grand River Canon, above Palisades ; Delta Co. 82. ARTEMISIA L. Wormwood, Sage-brush. Heads heterogamous, i. c, flowers unlike ; disk-flowers hermaphrodite ; marginal ones pistillate, truncate, 2-3-toothed. Disk-flowers sterile ; their styles mostly entire, penicillate ; ovary abortive. I. Dracunculoides, Disk-flowers fertile ; their styles two-cleft. Receptacle with long villous hairs. II. Frigidae. Receptacle glabrous. Annuals or biennials, tall. III. Annuae. Perennials. Plants not shrubby, except at the base ; leaves not cuneate with 3- toothed apex. Plant not at all tomentose ; plant low, 1-3 dm. high. IV. Arcticae. Plant more or less tomentose, at least on the lower surface of the leaves. Involucres densely tomentose. CARDUACEAE. 383 Leaves all entire or the lower merely toothed. V. Gnaphaloides. Leaves at least the lower ones pinnately divided or lobed. Divisions of the leaves not narrowly linear or filiform ; margins scarcely revolute. VL Diversifoliae. Divisions of the leaves narrowly linear to filiform ; margins revolute. VIL Stenophyllae. Involucres in age glabrous, only slightly tomentose when young. VIIL VULGARES. Plant shrubby ; leaves cuneate, 3-toothed at the apex. IX. BiGELOVIAXAE. Heads homogamous ; i. e., flowers all alike, hermaphrodite and fertile ; plants shrubby. X. Tridentatae. I. Dracunculoides. Plants frutescent only at the base ; heads rather many-flowered, hemispherical, over 1.5 mm. in diameter. Plants glabrous, at least in age ; leaves all, except the lower ones, simple and linear. Leaves and bracts dark green ; heads 3-4 mm. wide ; flowers 30-40, brown. I. A. aromatica. Leaves and bracts lighter; heads 2-3.5 nim. wide; flowers yellow or light brown, about 20. 2. A. dracunculoides. Plant pubescent ; leaves nearly all pinnatifid. Heads 2-3 mm. wide ; bracts glabrous ; stem appressed-hairy or glabrate ; flowers yellow. Stem-leaves with 1-2 pairs of lateral divisions close at the base, or entire grayish canescent. 3. A. glaiica. Stem-leaves pinnatifid or bipinnatifid with distant divisions, mostly green at least in age. Stem tall, 5-10 dm. high, very leafy, in age nearly glabrous; divisions of the leaves linear-filiform. 4. A. Scouleriana. Stem lower, 2-6 dm. high ; divisions of the basal leaves linear-oblanceo- late, more or less canescent. 5. A. Forzvoodii. Heads 4-5 mm. wide ; bracts and stem at least when young with long silky- villous loose hairs ; flowers brown. 6. A. spithamaea. Plant shrubby; heads few-flowered, 1-1.5 mm. in diameter; divisions of the leaves filiform. 7. A. Ulifolia. II. Frigidae. Heads numerous, 4-5 mm. wide ; bracts light brown ; plants usually comparatively tall, 3-8 dm. high. 8. A. frigida. Heads few, 6-12 mm. in diameter; bracts with dark brown or blackish margins; plant low, 1-2 dm. high. Heads several, spicately or racemosely disposed ; corolla pubescent ; basal leaves and lower stem-leaves bipinnatifid. 9. A. scopulorum. Heads solitary or 2-4 in a close cluster ; corolla glabrous or nearly so ; basal leaves pinnatifid with short divisions. 10. A. Pattersonii. III. Annuae. One species. 11. A. biennis. IV. Arcticae. Plant pubescent. 12. A. saxicola. ^ Plant glabrous. 13. A. Parryi. V. Gnaphaloides. Leaves in age glabrate above. 14. A. silvicola. Leaves permanently tomentose on both sides. Heads erect, peduncled, 4-5 mm. wide; flowers brown. 15. A. vatronensis. Heads nodding or spreading, 4 mm. or less wide. 384 CARDUACEAE. Heads distinctlj' pedicelled, nodding, on lax racemiform branches. 1 6. A. ptidica. Heads subsessile, conglomerate on short branches. Heads 3-4 mm. wide ; flowers dark or purplish brown. 17. A. rhicomata. Heads 2-3 mm. wide ; flowers light brown. Leaves lanceolate. 18. A. gnaphaloides. Leaves linear or nearly so. 19. A. pahularis. VL DiVERSIFOLIAE. Leaves in age greenish and more or less glabrate above. Lower leaves more or less cuneate-oblanceolate, lobed above the middle with lanceolate lobes ; upper leaves entire ; plant usually cespitose. 20. A. ludoviciana. Leaves nearly all deeply pinnatifid, with linear or linear-lanceolate lobes. 21. A. Uiidcrwoodii. Leaves permanently and almost equally white-tomentose on both sides. Lower leaves cuneate or cuneate-oblanceolate, 3-lobed (more seldom 5-lobed) above the middle with lanceolate lobes. 22. A. Brittonii. Lower leaves deeply pinnatifid with long linear or linear-lanceolate lobes. 23. A. diversifolia. VH. Stenophvi.lae. Leaves in age glabrate above : inflorescence lax. Heads erect ; divisions of the leaves filiform. 24. A. Wriglitii. Heads nodding ; divisions of the leaves narrowly linear. 25. A. Bakeri. Leaves permanently white-tomentose on both sides ; heads crowded. Leaves, at least the lower ones, with linear rather short divisions. 26. A. coloradensis. Leaves with filiform divisions. 27. A. kansana. VHL VULGARES. Divisions of the leaves broad, lanceolate or oblong. Leaves, except the uppermost, twice pinnatifid with obtusish lobes, glabrous or minutely appressed canescent beneath. 28. A. fraserioides. Leaves, except sometimes the lowermost, once pinnatifid, with acute or acutish lobes, or the upper entire, white-tomentose beneath. Tall, 6-10 dm. high; upper leaves entire; the rest simply pinnatifid. 29. A. elatior. Lower, 2-6 dm. high ; all leaves pinnatifid ; the lower often twice pinnatifid. 30. A. incouipta. Divisions of the leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate or linear. 21. A. discolor. IX. BiGELOVIANAE. One species. 32. A. Bigelovii. X. Tridentatae. Leaves nearly all trifid or tridentate at the apex. Divisions of the leaves mostly long, narrowly linear, sometimes almost filiform; heads about 2 mm. wide. 33. A. fripartita. Divisions or teeth of the leaves short, ovate or oblong. Heads 2-2 mm. wide. Bracts densely tomentose ; inflorescence rather congested. ^ Shrub tall ; inflorescence much branched ; heads about 2 mm. wide. 34. A. tridentata. Shrub dwarf ; inflorescence rather simple and spike-like ; heads 3 mm. wide. 35. A. arbtiscula. Bracts of the involucres almost glabrous ; inflorescence lax, racemiform. 36. A. nova. CARDUACEAE. 385 Heads about s mm. wide ; outer bracts only tomentose ; inflorescence raceme- or spike-like. 37. A. spiciformis. Leaves all linear, entire, acute, or rarely a few of them 3-cleft at the apex ; heads 3-4 mm. wide in a compact inflorescence. Leaves permanently canescent, not viscid. 38. A. cana. Leaves, at least in age, glabrate, more or less viscid. 39. A. viscidula. 1. Artemisia aromatica A. Nels. In mountain valleys from Alb. and Wash, to Colo.— Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Breckenridge; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray. 2. Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh. On prairies and plains from Mont, and Ida. to Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Below Hot Sulphur Springs ; Middle Park ; Ft. Collins ; lola ; Huerfano Valley, near Gardner ; Table Rock ; Elk River; Democrat Mountain. Artemisia dracunculoides Wolfii Rydb. Heads larger with lanceolate bracts. In mountain valleys of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 7000-9000 ft. — Hamor's Lake, north of Durango; Grizzly Creek; Honnold; Twin Lakes; Colorado Springs. 3. Artemisia glauca Pall. On plains froin Man. and Ass. to Nebr. and Colo. — Golden. 4. Artemisia Scouleriana (Besser) Rydb. {A. desertorum Scoiileriana Besser) In valleys from B. C. to Colo. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — New Windsor; Ruxton Dell ; Denver. 5. Artemisia Forwoodii S. Wats. {A. desertorum Besser, in part; A. Cana- densis A. Gray, in part; not Michx.) On plains and hills from Ass. and Mont, to N. M. — Alt. 5000-7500 ft— Tola; Mt. Harvard; Baxter's ranch; Redstone; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Boulder; Pine Grove; Ft. Collins; Cipango Hill ; Lake City ; Cheyenne Mountain ; South Park. 6. Artemisia spithamaea Pursh. {A. horealis A. Gray, in part; not Pall) On alpine peaks and in arctic regions from Lab. to Alaska and Colo. — Alt. 11,000-12,500 ft. — Cameron Pass; Gray's Peak; mountains about the head- waters of Clear Creek ; Cumberland Mine, La Plata Mountains ; Berthoud Pass; near Empire. 7. Artemisia filifolia Torr. On plains from Neb. and Wyo. to Tex. and Ariz. ; also Mex.- — Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — Cheyenne Wells ; New Windsor ; near Denver; near Timnath ; plains of the Platte. 8. Artemisia frigida Willd. On dry hills from Hudson Bay to Alaska, Tex. and Utah. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Chambers' Lake; Pagosa Springs; Boulder; Graymont ; Bosworth's ranch. Stove Prairie ; lola ; Mt. Harvard ; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Denver; Colorado Springs; mountains of Larimer Co.; dry hills, Lake John, North Park; Manitou ; Gunnison; Twin Lakes; Middle Park; Ft. Collins; Golden; Lake City. 9. Artemisia scopulorum A. Gray. On high mountain peaks from Wyo. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 11,000-14,000 ft. — Near Ironton, San Juan Co.; head- waters of Clear Creek ; Pike's Peak ; Seven Lakes ; Gray's Peak ; Cumberland Mines, La Plata Mountains ; mountains above Como ; mountains south of Ward; Mt. Garfield; Alpine Tunnel; Franklin; Beaver Creek; Boreas. 10. Artemisia Pattersonii A. Gray. On alpine peaks of Colo. — Alt. 11,000- 13,500 ft. — Summit of Mt. Garfield; west slope of Bald Mountain; Bottomless Pit ; Seven Lakes ; Saddle, Pike's Peak ; Gray's Peak. 11. Artemisia biennis Willd. In wet places from N. S. to Mackenzie, 25 386 CARDUACEAE. Pa. and Calif. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Honnold ; Higho; Ft. Collins; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta ; Middle Park; Poudre River. 12. Artemisia saxicola Rydb. (A. C hamissoniana saxatilis Besser; A. Norvcgica A. Gray; not Fries) On the higher rockies of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. 11,000-13,000 ft. — Gray's Peak; Silver Plume; Long's Peak; Cameron Pass; Mt. Harvard; Berthoud Pass; headwaters of Clear Creek; Empire; Ethel Peak. 13. Artemisia Parryi A. Gray. On alpine peaks of Colo. — Sangre de Cristo Pass. 14. Artemisia silvicola Osterh. In the mountains of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Mclntyre Creek, Larimer Co. ; near Pagosa Peak. 15. Artemisia natronensis A. Nels. In valleys of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 7000 ft. — Cucharas Valley, near La Veta. 16. Artemisia pudica Rydb. On dry ground in the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 7700 ft. — Gunnison. 17. Artemisia rhizomata A. Nels. In valleys from Alb. and Ida. to Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Ruxton Park; Ruxton Dell; Columbine; Pitkin; Bos- worth's ranch, Stove Prairie. 18. Artemisia gnaphaloides Nutt. On prairies and river banks from N. D. and Wyo. to Ark. and Colo. ; also introduced eastward to Ont. and N. Y. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Gunnison; on Grizzly Creek; Trail Glen; Ft. Collins; Bos- worth's ranch, Stove Prairie ; above Poudre ; Middle Park ; Denver ; New Windsor; Larimer Co.; Colorado Springs. 19. Artemisia pabularis (A. Nels.) Rydb. {A. rhizomata pabularis A. Nels.) In dry valleys from Neb. and Wyo. to Colo. 20. Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. On prairies and in cations from Mo. and Wyo. to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Idaho Springs ; Engelmann Cafion; Manitou; between Porter and Durango; near Empire. 21. Artemisia Underwoodii Rydb. On chaparral-covered hills and moun- tain sides in Colo. — All. 7500-9000 ft. — Ouray; Georgetown. 22. Artemisia Brittonii Rydb. Dry hills and plains of Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Boulder; Empire; Golden; Poudre River flats. 23. Artemisia diversifolia Rydb. In valleys from Ida. and B. C. to Colo, and Wash. — Pike's Peak. 24. Artemisia Wrightii A. Gray. On dry plains of Colo, and N. M. — Southern Colorado ; exact locality not given. 25. Artemisia Bakeri Greene. On dry plains and in canons from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. up to 7000 ft. — Black Canon ; between Porter and Durango. 26. Artemisia coloradensis Osterh. In mountain valleys from Colo, to Ariz.— Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Dale Creek, Larimer Co. ; Marshall Pass ; Pine Grove ; Rustic ; Soldier Cafion ; San Luis Valley ; Lake City. 27. Artemisia kansana Britton. (A. stcnoloba Rydb.) On dry plains from Kans. and Colo, to N. M. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Cucharas Valley, near La Veta. 28. Artemisia fraserioides Greene. In the mountains from Colo, to N. M. and Mex. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak; Roubadeaux Pass; Lake City. 29. Artemisia elatior (T. & G.) Rydb. In mountain valleys from Macken- CARDUACEAE. 387 zie and Alaska to Colo. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Red Mountain, south of Ouray. 30. Artemisia incompta Nutt. Hillsides from Mont, to northern Colo. — Anita Peak. 31. Artemisia discolor Dougl. In the mountains from Alb. and B. C. to Colo., Utah and Wash. — Lake City. 32. Artemisia Bigelovii A. Gray. On dry plains from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — Arkansas River. 33. Artemisia tripartita Rydb. (A. trifida Nutt.) On plains and hills from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Ore. — Exact locality not given. 34. Artemisia tridentata Nutt. On dry plains (sage plains) from Neb., Mont, and B. C. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9500 ft. — Grand River, Sheeps- horn road; Grand River, near State Bridge; Montrose; Pitkin; Gunnison; Steamboat Springs; near Empire; Upper Laramie River; Cimarron; Durango; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Hotchkiss ; Breckenridge. 35. Artemisia arbuscula Nutt. On dry mountains and high plains from Wyo. and Ore. to Colo, and Calif. — Hayden flats, Routt Co. 36. Artemisia nova A. Nels. On high plains of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. about 7700 ft. — Gunnison. 37. Artemisia spiciformis Osterh. On dry plains of Colo, and Utah. — Alt. about 9000 ft.— West side of North Park; Crested Butte. 38. Artemisia cana Pursh. On dry plains and hills from Sask. and Mont. to Colo. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Breckenridge ; Marshall Pass ; west of Hebron ; Hayden flats, Routt Co. ; Timnath. 39. Artemisia viscidula (Osterh.) Rydb. (A. cana viscidula Osterh.) On dry plains of Wyo. and Colo.- — Steamboat Springs. Tribe 7. SENECIONEAE. 83. PETASITES Tourn. Sweet Coltsfoot. I. Petasites sagittata (Pursh) A. Gray. In wet ground from Lab. and Alaska to Minn, and Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft.- — Eldora to Baltimore; George- town. 84. HAPLOESTES A. Gray. I. Haploestes Greggii A. Gray. On dry plains from Kans. and Colo, to Tex. and N. M. — Southeastern Colorado; exact locality not given. 85. ARNICA L. Heads radiate. Basal leaves and lower stem-leaves with cordate or broadly ovate blades and slender petioles. Achenes glabrous or glandular puberulent ; rarely with a few silky hairs above. 1. A. platyphylla. Achenes densely hirsute or strigose. Blades of the leaves broadly oval ; the basal ones with short petioles. 2. A. silvatica. Basal and lower stem-leaves with long petioles and usually cordate bases ; involucres and peduncles more or less villous, slightly glandular. Plant 1-2 dm. high ; leaves thick, usually entire. 3. A. pumila. Plant 2-4 dm. high ; leaves thin, usually toothed. 4. A. cordifolia. Basal leaves with spatulate, oblanceolate or lanceolate blades. •i«)S CARDUACEAE. Stem leafy and usually with several heads ; stem-leaves not much reduced. Leaves grayish, densely villous or tomcntulose. Pubescence of the leaves soft and villous. Leaves broadly oblanceolate or lanceolate. 5. .U rhizomata. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate. 6. A. foliosa. Pubescence of the leaves very short and fine ; leaves linear-lanceolate. 7. A. celsa. Leaves green, not densely pubescent. Plant sparingly hirsute or glabrate ; leaves usually broad. Involucres and peduncles pilose or villous, not at all glandular or viscid. Stem tall, 4-6 dm. high ; involucres hemispherical. 8. A. macilenta. Stem low, 1.5-3 dm. high, few-leaved; involucre turbinate or cam- panulate. 9. A. Rydbergii. Involucres and peduncles hirsute and glandular. Bracts oblanceolate. 11. A. coloradeiisis. Bracts linear-lanceolate 12. A. subphimosa. Plant minutely glandular puberulent ; leaves linear-lanceolate. 13. A. longi folia. Stem with a few more or less reduced leaves and usually a single bead. Basal leaves not with a tuft of brown hairs at the bases. Involucres turbinate, as well as the peduncles densely villous, scarcely at all glandular ; stem glabrous or nearly so below. Leaves strongly 3-nerved. 9. A. Rydbergii. Leaves faintly 3-nerved. 10. A. tenuis. Involucres hemispherical, as well as the peduncles more or less glandular ; stem pubescent throughout. Involucres densely hirsute and glandular. Stem-leaves linear. 14. A. fulgens. Stem-leaves ovate-lanceolate. \\. A. coloradensis. Involucres glandular-puberulent. 7. A. celsa. Basal leaves with a dense tuft of brown hairs at their bases. Leaves linear. 15. A. pedunculata. Leaves oblong, lanceolate or oblanceolate. 16. A. monocephala. Heads discoid. i7- A. Parryi. 1. Arnica platyphylla A. Nels. In the mountains of Mont, and Ida. to Colo. — Ragged Mountain. 2. Arnica silvatica Greene. On wooded mountains from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — Ruby; Mt. Bartlett ; Robinson. 3. Arnica pumila Rydb. {A. parvifolia Greene) On the mountains from Wyo. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000-11,000 ft. — WestcHffe; hills about Box Canon, west of Ouray; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Veta Pass; Valley Spur ; Mt. Hesperus ; Marshall Pass ; Gray's Peak. 4. Arnica cordifolia Hook. On wooded hills from Mont, and B. C. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 6000-11,000 ft. — Rist Caiion ; mountains about Ouray; foot- hills, Larimer Co. ; Bear Creek divide, west of Mt. Hesperus ; Silver Plume ; near Pagosa Peak ; Wahatoya Cai'ion ; mountain near Veta Pass ; East Indian Creek ; Chambers' Lake ; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins ; Silverton ; Lake Mo- raine; Canon City; Tennessee Pass, Lake Co.; Carson; Villa Grove; Eldora to Baltimore; Berthoud Pass; between Sunshine and Ward; Stove Prairie Hill; Horsetooth Gulch; Long Gulch; Clear Creek Canon; Massif de I'Arapa- hoe; near Denver; Lake City. 5. Arnica rhizomata A. Nels. {A. lanulosa Greene) In valleys from Mont. and Ida. to Colo. — Alt. 8000-11,000 ft. — Banks of Elk River, Routt Co.; on Grizzly Creek ; Marshall Pass ; Robinson ; below Grand Lake ; Twin Lakes ; Crested Butte. CARDUACEAE. 389 6. Arnica foliosa Nutt. In valleys from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Silverton ; alkali meadow, Higho ; Sargent; Parlin. 7. Arnica celsa A. Nels. In valleys from Wyo. to Colo. — Estes Park, Lari- mer Co. : lola ; Grizzly Creek. 8. Arnica macilenta Greene. In valleys of Wyo. and Colo.— Alt. about 8000 ft. — Steamboat Springs ; Andrews' Shetland ranch. 9. Arnica Rydbergii Greene. On hills from Mont, to Colo.— Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Lula Pass, Larimer Co. ; Silver Plume ; Cameron Pass ; Eldora to Bal- timore; Hahn's Peak; summit of North Park Range. 10. Arnica tenuis Rydb. In the mountains of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. 9000- 12,000 ft. — Beaver Creek. 11. Arnica coloradensis Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Exact locality not given. 12. Arnica subplumosa Greene. (A. Chamissonis longinodosa A. Nels.) In meadows from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. — Mountains above Ouray ; Marshall Pass ; mountains east of North Park ; Silver Plume ; Breck- enridge; Mt. Harvard; Berthoud Pass; Buffalo Pass; Chambers' Lake; Gray's Peak; Fish Creek Falls. 13. Arnica longifolia D. C. Eaton. {A. polycephala A. Nels.) In meadows from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 10,000 ft. — Keblar Pass; Ethel Peak. 14. Arnica fulgens Pursh. On hills from S. D., Alb. and B. C. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 8500 ft. — Empire; Pinkham Creek. 15. Arnica pedunculata Rydb. On hills from N. D. and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Vicinity of Como; Clear Creek; Estes Park; Horsetooth Gulch ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; gulch south of Boulder ; Table Rock; Dixon Canon; Rist Canon. 16. Arnica monocephala Rydb. On hills from Mont, and Ida. to Colo. — Alt. 6000-12,000 ft. — Dale Creek, Larimer Co.; Horsetooth Mountain; Bert- houd Pass. 17. Arnica Parryi A. Gray. (A. eradiata (A. Gray) Heller) In the mountains from Mont, and B. C. to Colo, and Wash. — Alt. 9000-13,500 ft. — Gore Pass ; sources of Leroux Creek ; continental divide, Routt Co. ; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains; Cameron Pass; Mt. Harvard; Silverton; Silver Plume; Rogers; Buffalo Pass; Berthoud Pass; Caribou; headwaters of Clear Creek; Rabbit Ears, Larimer Co.; Hahn's Peak., 86. SENECIO L. Heads more or less nodding. Heads discoid. I. Pudici. Heads radiate. II. Amplectentes. Heads not nodding. Heads over 15 mm. high and 20 mm. broad, solitary (seldom 2-3). II. Amplectentes. Heads less than 15 mm. high and broad. Plants equally leafy throughout. Leaves or their divisions not narrowly linear or filiform. Leaves merely toothed and entire, not pinnatifid. Leaf-blades oval, elliptic or obovate, usually obtusish ; heads few. HI. OCCIDENTALES. Leaf-blades triangular or ovate to linear-lanceolate, distinctly acute ; heads usually many. 390 CARDUACEAE. Leaf-blades at least the lower ones triangular or cordate. IV. Triangulares. Leaf-blades neither triangular nor cordate. Plant tall, 5-15 dm. high; heads numerous. V. Serrae. Plant low, 2-4 dm. high ; heads few. Heads radiate. VI. Crassuli. Heads discoid. VII. Rapifolii. Leaves pinnatifid. XVI. Erimophili. Leaves or their divisions linear-filiform. XVII. Longilobi. Plants with the stem-leaves more or less reduced upwards. Rootstock very short, erect, of short duration, with numerous fleshy- fibrous roots ; leaves dentate or entire. Tall bog-plant, 5-15 dm. high; basal leaves long-petioled. VIII. HVDROPIIILI. Meadow or wood plants, 2-5 dm. high ; basal leaves comparatively short- petioled. Leaves sharply and densely dentate. VI. Crassuli. Leaves entire-margined or denticulate, seldom sinuate-dentate. IX. Integerkimi. Rootstock better developed, horizontal or ascending, woody. Stem leafy, more than 2 dm. high. Stem stout ; rootstock not cespitose ; leaves callous denticulate or saliently dentate. Heads discoid; leaves saliently dentate. VII. Rapifolii. Heads radiate ; leaves callous denticulate. Leaves glabrous. X. Glaucentes. Leaves tomentose. XL Atrati. Stem slender ; rootstock usually more or less cespitose ; leaves neither callous-denticulate nor saliently and closely dentate ; stem-leaves in the larger forms usually pinnatifid. Basal leaves entire, more or less white-tomentose. XII. Cani. Basal leaves, at least most of them, toothed or pinnatifid. Leaves and stem more or less floccose, tardily becoming glabrate. XIII. TOMENTOSI. Leaves and stem glabrous or slightly floccose when young. XIV. Aurei. Stem subscapose, less than 2 dm. high. XV. Andicolae. I. PUDICI. Heads 12-20 mm. high, broadly campanulate. Mid-vein of the leaves long-villous. Mid-vein of the leaves not villous. Involucre green ; plant more or less hairy. Involucres purple ; plant glabrous. Heads 8-10 mm. high, narrowly campanulate. 1. S. scopulinus. 2. S. chloranthus. 3. S. contristatus. 4. 5". pudicus. 11. Amplectentes. Stem-leaves clasping; stem over 15 cm. high. 5- -S". amplectens. Stem-leaves not clasping, usually short-petioled. Stem 3 dm. or more high, leafy. 6. 5". pagosanus. Stem less than 2 dm. high. Basal leaves gradually tapering into the petioles. Plant glabrous or nearly so ; leaves dentate ; bracts oblong. 7. 5". Holmii. Plant arachnoid ; leaves runcinate ; bracts narrowly lanceolate. 8. S. taraxacoides. Basal leaves abruptly contracted into the petioles. 9. S. Soldanella. CARDUACEAE. 391 III. OCCIDENTALES. Plant 2-3 dm. high ; stem-leaves obovate or oblong, clasping. Plant very leafy ; involucres about z cm. broad, short-peduncled or subsessile ; achenes strigose. 10. 5". carthamoides. Plant less leafy; involucres about 15 mm. broad, distinctly peduncled ; achenes glabrous. 11. 5". blitoides. Plant about i dm. high ; stem-leaves spatulate or ovate, not clasping. 12. 5". invenustus. IV. Triangulares. One species. 13. 6". triangularis. V. Serrae. Heads 12-15 mm. high; disk 8-15 mm. broad; whole plant dark green. 14. 6". admirabilis. Heads 8-10 mm. high; disk 5-6 mm. broad; plant light green. 15. 6". serra. VI. Crassuli. Stem-leaves linear or linear-lanceolate. 16. 5". lapathifolium. Stem-leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate. Leaves firm ; bracts thick and fleshy. 1 7. 5". crassulus. Leaves thin ; bracts not very thick. 18. 5". semiamplexicaulis. VII. Rapifolii. One species. 19. 5". rapif alius. VIII. Hydrophili. One species. 20. 5". hydrophilus. IX. Integerrimi. Bracts without black tips; leaves entire-margined. 21. 5". integerrimus. Bracts usually black-tipped ; leaves more or less dentate or denticulate. Bracts of the involucres narrowly linear-lanceolate, long attenuate. Leaves thick ; basal ones obovate, dentate. 22. S. Hookeri. Leaves thin ; basal ones oblanceolate or spatulate, merely denticulate. 23. S. dispar. Bracts of the involucres linear or oblong, rather abruptly acute, with lanceolate or triangular tips. Basal leaf-blades orbicular to broadly oval, rather abruptly contracted into the petioles. 24. 6". Flintii. Basal leaf-blades spatulate to linear-oblanceolate or rarely lanceolate, gradu- ally tapering into the petioles. Inflorescence even in age a flat-topped corymb ; leaves more or less dentate. 25. S. columbianus. Inflorescence with a short-peduncled terminal head and the lateral ones usually very long-peduncled ; leaves merely callous denticulate. Basal leaves thick ; their petioles shorter than the blades. 26. 5". perplexus. Basal leaves thin ; their petioles usually longer than the blades. 2:^. S. dispar. X. Glaucentes. One species. 27. S. anacletus. XI. Atrati. Bracts broadly linear, abruptly acute. 28. 5". alratus. Bracts narrowly linear, long-acute. 29. S. milliflorus. XII. Cani. Heads 7-8 mm. high. 30. S. Purshianns. Heads i cm. or more high. 31. S. Harhourii. 392 CARDUACEAE. XIII. ToMKNTOSI. Basal leaves mostly dentate or crenate. Basal leaves obovate or spatulate. Lower stem-leaves acute ; plant dark j^rccii. .32. S. plattensis. Lower stem-leaves obtuse; plant yellowish-grccn. 53. -S". (lavulus. Basal leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate. Basal leaves narrowly oblanceolate, serrate. 22- S. salicinus. Basal leaves lanceolate, sinuate-dentate. 34. 5". canovirens. Some of the basal leaves entire or dentate, the rest pinnatifid or pinnately lobed. Plant conspicuously rosulate-stoloniferous ; stem-leaves sinuately round-lobed. 35. .S". rosulatus. Plant not stoloniferous ; stem-leaves pinnatifid with toothed lobes. 32. 5". plattensis. All leaves pinnatifid with toothed segments. Caudex subligneous ; plant tomentose ; bracts shorter than the disk. Leaves mostly flat and deeply pinnatifid. 36. S. Fendleri. Leaves very crisp with short-rounded lobes. ^7. S. lanatifolius. Caudex not subligneous ; plant glabrate. 38. 5. mttltilobatus. XIV. AUREI. Basal leaves pinnatifid. 38. 6". multilobatus. Basal leaves not pinnatifid. Heads radiate. Leaves thick, more or less fleshy. Basal leaves narrowly oblanceolate. Plant low, less than 2 dm. high, often with several stems from the base; basal leaves short-petioled. Cyme dense ; upper leaves generally pinnatifid with narrow lobes. 39. 5". condensatus. Cyme more open ; stem-leaves entire or merely crenate. Basal leaves subentire or 3-toothed at the apex. . 40. 5". trideiiticulatus. Basal leaves crenate. 41. 5. oblanceolatus. Plapt 3-6 dm. high ; basal leaves i dm. or more. 42. 5. longipetiolatus. Basal leaves cuneate, spatulate, broadly oblanceolate or orbicular, sub- entire at the base. Lower stem-leaves spatulate with a broad-winged petiole ; upper ones sessile and with much enlarged bases. 43. 5". crocatus. Stem-leaves neither broad-winged nor with much enlarged bases. All leaves large, broadly obOvate, coarsely toothed. 44. 5". oodes. Upper stem-leaves reduced, either pinnatifid or very narrow. Basal leaves crenate above the middle. 45. 5. cymbalarioides. Basal leaves sharply dentate or serrate above the middle. 46. 6". subcuneatus. Leaves thin. Earliest basal leaves cordate or reniform, rarely ovate. Basal leaves entire or merely wavy. Stem-leaves pinnatifid with dilated auricled bases ; rays orange or red. 47. 5". pyrrochrous. Stem-leaves entire or nearly so, not auricled ; rays yellow. 48. 5". Tracyi. Basal leaves serrate or crenate. Basal leaves usually coarsely serrate; heads 8-10 mm. high. 49. S. pseudaureus. Basal leaves small, crenate ; heads 8 mm. or less high. 50. 5". Hartianus. Basal leaves obovate or oval, crenate or sinuate-dentate. 51- 5-. mittabilis. 52. S. nephrophyllus. 53- S. iiavulus. 54- s. fedifolhts. CARDUACEAE. 393 Stem-leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate in outline, with narrow segments. 53. 5". iiavulus. Stem-leaves spatulate or oblanceolate in outline, with short and broad segments. Heads discoid. First basal leaves reniform. None of the leaves reniform. Plant yellowish or light green, 3-5 dm. high. Plant dark green, about 1.5 dm. high. XV. Andicolae. Blades of the basal leaves reniform, orbicular, obovate or cuneate ; toothed at least at the apex, obtuse. Rays golden yellow. 55. 5". petrocallis. Rays pale-yellow. Involucre hemispherical to campanulate. Flowering stems about 2 dm. high; heads 9-10 mm. high; basal leaves crenate-serrate, except at the very base. 56. S. cognatus. Flowering stems less than 1.5 dm. high; heads 10-12 mm. high. Heads several ; leaf-blades obovate or ovate, slightly tomentose. 57. 5". pentodontus. Heads solitary ; leaf-blades reniform, glabrous. 58. 5". Porteri. Involucre turbinate. 59. 6". turbinatus. Blades of the basal leaves elliptical to linear, entire or very rarely some of them 3-toothed at the apex, acute. Leaves elliptic ; heads about i cm. high. 60. S. perennans. Leaves narrowly oblanceolate ; heads 7-8 mm. high or the central one rarely I cm. 61. S. werneriaefolius. XVI. Erimophili. One species. 62. S. MacDongalii. XVII. LONGILOBI. Plant more or less permanently tomentose. 63. 5". UlifoUits. Plant glabrous, at least in age. Leaves, except those of the branches, pinnately divided. Heads campanulate; bracts 12-15. 64. S. Riddellii. Heads almost cylindrical; bracts 8-10. 65. 5". multicapitatus. Leaves entire, linear-filiform or some rarely with a pair of filiform lobes. 66. S'. spartioides. 1. Senecio scopulinus Greene. {S. Bigelovii Hallii A. Gray) In the moun- tains of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — North Park; Parlin ; Veta Pass ; Yampa ; Empire ; Steamboat Springs ; Grizzly Creek. 2. Senecio chloranthus Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 9000-11,000 ft. — Coffee Pot Springs ; White River Plateau ; Marshall Pass ; near Pagosa Peak ; Ruxton Dell ; La Plata River ; Alpine Tunnel ; Bald Mountain ; Vance Junction ; Medicine Bow Range ; Twin Lakes. 3. Senecio contristatus Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 10,000 ft.— Keblar Pass. 4. Senecio pudicus Greene. (S. cernuus A. Gray; not L.) In the moun- tains of Colo. — Alt. 7000-12,000 ft. — Clear Creek; Georgetown; Mt. Harvard; Como; Mt. Ouray; Black Cafion; Bear Creek Caiion, near Pike's Peak; Ute Pass; Cheyenne Caiion; Pike's Peak; Twin Lakes; west of Ouray; between Pallas and Sydney; Grand Lake; Minnehaha; Empire; between Sunshine and Ward; Como; Marshall Pass; Lake City. 5. Senecio amplectens A. Gray. In alpine and subalpine regions of Colo. — Alt. 9000-13,000 ft. — Peak near White House ; Silverton ; Mt. Harvard ; Gray's 394 CARDUACEAE. Peak; near Pagosa Peak; Ruby; mountains above Ouray; P.crtboud Pass; headwaters of Clear Creek. 6. Senecio pagosanus Heller. (S. lactucinus Greene of 1900; not of 1893) In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. — Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains ; near Pagosa Peak ; mountains above Ouray ; Mt. Harvard. 7. Senecio Holmii Greene. On alpine peaks of Colo. — Alt. 10,000-14,000 ft. — Ragged Mountain; Keblar Pass; Mt. Princeton; near Pagosa Peak; Mt. Harvard ; Cameron Pass ; mountains above Boreas. 8. Senecio taraxacoides (A. Gray) Greene. {S. amplectens taraxacoides A. Gray) On alpine peaks of Colo. — Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft. — Cameron Pass; Mt. Garfield; Pike's Peak; Mt. Harvard; Bottomless Pit, near Pike's Peak; West Spanish Peak; Gray's Peak. 9. Senecio Soldanella A. Gray. On alpine peaks of Colo. — Alt. 11,000-14,000 ft. — Mt. Princeton ; Cameron Pass ; Boreas ; Cumberland Mine, La Plata Mountains; mountains above Cameron Pass; South Park. 10. Senecio carthamoides Greene. {S. Fremontii A. Gray, in part ; not T. & G.) In rocky wet places on alpine peaks of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. 9000- 13,000 ft. — Ragged Mountain; mountains of Estes Park; Gray's Peak; West Spanish Peak; Pike's Peak; Silver Plume; Mt. Harvard; summit of Mt. Garfield; near Pagosa Peak; Upper La Plata River; Keblar Pass; Berthoud Pass; Chambers' Lake; headwaters of Clear Creek; Massif de I'Arapahoe. 11. Senecio blitoides Greene. {S. Fremontii A. Gray, in part; not T. & G.) In wet rocky places on the higher mountains of Colo. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Mountains above Ouray; Crested Butte. 12. Senecio invenustus Greene. On the higher peaks of Colo. — Alt. about 12,000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak; Pike's Peak. 13. Senecio triangularis Hook. In wet places, especially along mountain streams, from Alb. and Alaska to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 8000-11,000 ft. — Mt. Harvard ; Ruby ; Upper La Plata River ; Steamboat Springs ; Cameron Pass; headwaters of Pass Creek; Delta Co.; near Pagosa Peak; Mt. Ouray; Marshall Pass; Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; between Sunshine and Ward ; Buffalo Pass ; Berthoud Pass ; Hematite ; Gore Pass ; Beaver Creek ; Michigan Creek; Breckenridge ; headwaters of Clear Creek; summit of North Park Range. 14. Senecio admirabilis Greene. In the mountains of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. 7500-10,000 ft. — Twin Lakes ; Four-mile Hill, Routt Co. ; Trappers' Lake ; Breckenridge ; Box Cafion, west of Ouray ; Mt. Harvard ; Keblar Pass ; Mar- shall Pass; Empire; Vance Junction. 15. Senecio serra Hook. In valleys from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Ore. — Gunnison Co. ; Grizzlj' Creek. 16. Senecio lapathifolium Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 12,000 ft. — Mountains above Ouray; Mt. Harvard. 17. Senecio crassulus A. Gray. In the mountains from Mont, and Ida. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000-13,000 ft. — Silver Plume; Ward, Boulder Co.; Trappers' Lake; Cameron Pass; mountains above Ouray; North Park; moun- tain sides near Empire ; Little Kate Mine and Cumberland Mine, La Plata ■ Mountains; near Pagosa Peak; Eldora to Baltimore; head of the Red River, Franklin ; mountain northeast of Boreas ; Gray's Peak ; Boreas ; headwaters CARDUACEAE. 395 of Clear Creek ; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. ; summit of North Park Range, Routt Co. i8. Senecio semiamplexicaulis Rydb. In meadows from Mont, and Ida. to Colo, and Utah. — Foot of Mt. Richtofen on the Michigan ; Chambers' Lake. 19. Senecio rapifolius Nutt. In the mountains from S. D. and Ida. to Colo. — Alt. 7500-8500 ft. — Andrews' Shetland ranch; Bosworth's ranch, Stove Prairie; mountains, Larimer Co. 20. Senecio hydrophilus Nutt. In shallow water and swampy ground from Mont, to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Grizzly Creek, North Park ; Montrose ; six miles above Wolcott ; swampy places near Yampa ; Upper Laramie River; North Fork, Larimer Co. 21. Senecio integerrimus Nutt. In valleys from S. D. to Neb. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Wolcott, Eagle Co. ; mountain near Veta Pass ; head- waters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Owl Canon, Larimer Co. 22. Senecio Hookeri A. Gray. In the mountains from Alb. and B. C. to Colo. — Alt. 8500-9500 ft. — Eldora to Baltimore. 23. Senecio dispar A. Nels. In mountain valleys of Wyo. and Colo. — Steam- boat Springs. 24. Senecio Flintii Rydb. Hills of southwestern Colo. — Exact locality not given. 25. Senecio columbianus Greene. (S. lugens A. Gray, mainly; not Richard- son; 5". atriapiculatus Rydb.) In valleys from Sask. and Alaska to Minn, and Colo. — Alt. 5000-13,000 ft. — Hills southeast of La Veta; Calhan ; Ojo; Tennessee Pass ; Veta Mountain ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Rist Cafion ; Horsetooth Gulch ; gulch west of Soldier Canon ; Horsetooth Mountain ; Gray's Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek; Los Pinos. 26. Senecio perplexus A. Nels. In mountain valleys from Wyo. and Ida. to Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,500 ft. — Robinson; Ojo; Chicken Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus ; Mt. Harvard ; Veta Mountain ; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; Cimarron; Eldora to Baltimore; Boulder ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Horsetooth Mountain ; Gore Pass ; Lake City. 27. Senecio anacletus Greene. (S. Toluccanus microdontus A. Gray; 5". microdontus Heller) In valleys from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 8000-11,000 ft. — Mt. Harvard; Veta Mountain; Dolores; Redcliffe; headwaters of Pass Creek ; Tennessee Pass ; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Moun- tains; Hematite; mountains north of Dolores; Leroux Parks; Silverton; Beaver Creek ; headwaters of Clear Creek. 28. Senecio atratus Greene. {S. lugens foliosiis A. Gray) In the moun- tains of Colo. — Alt. 7500-13,000 ft. — West of Ouray; Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; Ragged Mountain; vicinity of Como; West Spanish Peak; La Plata Cafion; Ward; mountains above Ouray; Marshall Pass; Como, South Park ; Georgetown ; Mt. Princeton ; Mt. Harvard ; Eldora to Balti- more ; between Sunshine and Ward ; Berthoud Pass ; Marshall Pass ; Clear Creek Caiion, above Georgetown ; Como ; Silverton ; mountain sides near Em- pire; Lake City. 29. Senecio milliflorus Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Pagosa Springs. 30. Senecio Purshianus Nutt. (S. caniis A. Gray, in part; not Hook.) In the mountains from Sask. and B. C. to Tex. and Utah. — Alt. 6000-13,000 ft. — Mountain northeast of Boreas ; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. aOn CARDUACEAE. 31. Senecio Harbourii Rydb. Mountains of Colorado. — Alt. 9000-i3,cxx) ft. — Silver riunic; mountains south of Ward, Boulder Co.; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Boreas. 32. Senecio plattensis Nutt. On prairies and in river valleys from western Ont. and S. D. to Tex. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Cache la Poudre River; Ft. Collins; New Windsor; Boulder; Horsetooth Gulch; Cimarron; Florence. 33. Senecio salicinus Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Foot-hills. Larimer Co. ; Veta Pass ; Owl Canon, Larimer Co. 34. Senecio canovirens Rydb. In the mountains of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Florence; Williams Canon; Colorado Springs; Manitou ; Georgetown ; Pike's Peak ; Buckhorn Creek. 35. Senecio rosulatus Rydb. On hills and mountains of Colo. — Alt. 5000- 13,000 ft. — Cameron Pass; Dillon Canon; Trinidad; Pike's Peak; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins ; Georgetown ; Chambers' Lake ; Gray's Peak ; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Manitou; Grayback mining camps; Artists' Glen, near Pike's Peak ; Green Mountain Falls ; North Cheyenne Caiion ; mountain sides near Georgetown ; Silver Plume ; New Windsor ; Marshall Pass ; Dark Caiion ; Horsetooth Gulch ; dry hills near Wood's ranch ; near Narrows ; Howe's Gulch; Rist Canon; Baxter's ranch; above Beaver Creek; Caribou; Cheyenne Mountain; mountain sides near Golden; Bottomless Pit; Twin Lakes; Canon City; Empire; Boulder; between Sunshine and Ward. 36. Senecio Fendleri A. Gray. On mountains from Colo, to Utah and N. M. — Alt. Sooo-13,000 ft. — Manitou; Mt. Ouray; Bottomless Pit; Ojo; hills north of Cascade ; mountains near Colorado Springs ; Grayback mining camps ; Clear Creek; Hematite. 37. Senecio lanatifolius Osterhout. (S. Fendleri lanatus Osterhout) In the mountains of Colo.^ — Wolcott, Eagle Co. 38. Senecio multilobatus T. & G. On dry plains of Colo, and Utah. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Dolores ; Canon of the Grand, above Palisades ; Steamboat Springs; Grand Junction; Mancos; Minturn. 39. Senecio condensatus Greene. {S. aureus compactus A. Gray; S. com- pactiis Rydb.) On dry plains and in sandy soil in Neb. and Colo. — Trinidad; Table Rock ; Colorado Springs. 40. Senecio tridenticulatus Rydb. On dry plains from Colo, to Tex. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Cottonwood Creek, Buena Vista ; hills southeast of La Veta. 41. Senecio oblanceolatus Rydb. On dry plains and hills from Wyo. to Tex. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Arboles ; Los Pinos ; Pike's Peak ; Calhan ; Como, South Park ; El Paso Co. ; mesas near Colorado Springs ; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta ; plains near Denver ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Cottonwood Creek, near Buena Vista; Quimby; hills about Trinidad ; Como ; Clear Creek. 42. Senecio longipetiolatus Rydb. In valleys of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Medicine Bow Range ; Hamor's Lake, north of Durango. 43. Senecio crocatus Rydb. {S. aureus croceus A. Gray; 5". dimorphophyl- lus Greene; 5". heterodoxus Greene) On the higher mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 10,000-14,000 ft. — Pike's Peak Valley; Mt. Harvard; near Pagosa Peak; Cameron Pass; summit of mountains west of North Park; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains; Alpine Tunnel; South Cottonwood Gulch, Chaffee Co.; Long's Peak; Red Mountain; Berthoud Pass; Grass Creek; Red River; Beaver Creek ; Gray's Peak ; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. CARDUACEAE. 397 44. Senecio oodes Rydb. Mountains of Colo. — Mt. Harvard ; Robinson. 45. Senecio cymbalarioides Nutt. (S. aureus horealis T. & G.) In mead- ows from the Mackenzie to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 7000-13,000 ft. — West Spanish Peak; Marshall Pass; Rabbit-Ear Range; Mt. Harvard; Redcliffe ; peak near White House; Hematite; Mancos. 46. Senecio subcuneatus Rydb. In meadows of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. 7000- 8500 ft. — Arboles ; Grizzly Creek ; Hamor's Lake ; Mancos ; Lake City. 47. Senecio pyrrochrous Greene. In wet meadows of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 8000-9500 ft. — Mt. Harvard; Hamor's Lake, north of Durango; Sar- gents; Marshall Pass; Medicine Bow Range; Sheephorn Divide, Middle Park; Jack's Cabin; Rico; Silverton. 48. Senecio Tracyi Rydb. Mountains of Colo. — Alt. 10,500 ft. — Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus. 49. Senecio pseudaureus Rydb. In wet meadows from the Mackenzie and B. C. to N. M. and Nev. — Alt. 7000-13,000 ft. — Mancos; Long's Peak; Grizzly Creek. 50. Senecio Hartianus Heller. In wet meadows from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-9000 ft. — Minturn, Eagle Co. ; Cucharas River, below La Veta ; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Veta Pass; along the Conejos River, north of Antonito. 51. Senecio mutabilis Greene. {S. aurellus Rydb.) In valleys of Colo. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Hotchkiss ; Cimarron ; Lake John, North Park ; La Plata Canon; Sapinero; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Arboles; Mancos; Los Pinos ; Rico; Hotchkiss; Florence; Colorado Springs. 52. Senecio nephrophyllus Rydb. In wet meadows from Mont, to Colo. — Near Lake John, North Park. 53. Senecio flavulus Greene. (S. Aavoviretis Rydb.) In wet meadows from Mont, and Ida. to Colo. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Gypsum Creek Canon ; Walton Creek, Routt Co. ; Dolores ; Laramie Plains ; La Veta ; New Windsor ; Arboles ; Sapinero; Black Cafion; Brant's Soda Spring; Walton Creek; Horsetooth Gulch ; Walden. 54. Senecio fedifolius Rydb. Wet places in alpine regions of Colo. — South Park. 55. Senecio petrocallis Greene. {S. petraeus Klatt) On alpine peaks of Colo. — Alt. 11,000-13,000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak; mountains above Ouray; Gray's Peak ; Lake City. 56. Senecio cognatus Greene. On high mountains of Colo. — Piedra. 57. Senecio pentodontus Greene. On alpine mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. — Upper La Plata Cafion; West Spanish Peak; Car- son ; Lake City ; Chicken Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus. 58. Senecio Porteri Greene. {S. renifolius Porter) Alpine regions of Colo. — Alt. 13,000 ft. — White House Mountain. 59. Senecio turbinatus Rydb. Mountains of Colo. — Lake City. 60. Senecio perennans A. Nels. On the higher mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,500 ft. — Grayback mining camps; Hahn's Peak; Red- cliffe; Silver Plume. 61. Senecio werneriaefolius A. Graj-. On the peaks of Colo. — Alt. 8000- 10,000 ft. — Empire; Cameron Pass. 62. Senecio MacDougalii Heller. (S. eremophilus A. Gray, mainly; not 31)8 CARDUACEAE. Richardson) In wet wooded places from N. D. and Mont, to N. M. and Ariz.— Alt. 6000-10,000 ft.— Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; Pandora; Ute Pass; Chambers' Lake; mesa near Yampa; Green Mountain Falls; Parlin ; Ruxton Park; Parrott City; Gunnison; near Pagosa Peak; Steamboat Springs; near Colorado Springs; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Silver Plume; La Veta; Ward; Spring Canon; Georgetown; above Beaver Creek; canon west of Palmer Lake; Hotchkiss ; headwaters of Clear Creek. 63. Senecio filifolius Nutt. (S. Douglasii A. Gray, in part; not DC.) In valleys from Colo, and Utah to Tex. and Ariz.; also in Mex.— Florence ; Westcliflfe ; Estes Park, Larimer Co. ; Caiion City ; Pueblo. 64. Senecio Riddellii T. & G. (S. filifolius Fremontii T. & G. ; A. Dou- glasii A. Gray, in part; 6". Fremontii Rydb. ; not T. & G.) On plains and in valleys from Neb. and Colo, to Tex. and N. M.— Alt. 4000-6000 ft.— Brantly Caiion; Boulder; Ft. Collins; Cimarron and Squaw Hill. 65. Senecio multicapitatus Rydb. On plains and in valleys from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz.— Alt. 7000-11,000 ft.— Huerfano Valley, near Gardner; Mt. Princeton Station. 66. Senecio spartioides T. & G. (S. Douglasii A. Gray, in part) On plains and in valleys from Neb. and Wyo. to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-9500 ft.— Ft. Collins; Idaho Springs; Engelmann Canon; along the Uncompahgre River, near Ouray ; Gunnison ; Salida ; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta ; Pike's Peak; Antonito; Empire; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Rist Caiion; Cache la Poudre River; Buena Vista; Golden; Colorado Springs. 87. TETRADYMIA DC. Shrub not spiny. Primary leaves oblanceolate. i. T. inermis. Primary leaves linear. 2. T. linearis. Shrub spiny. 3- T. spinosa. 1. Tetradymia inermis Nutt. Dry hills from Mont, to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Gunnison ; North Park, Larimer Co. ; La Veta ; Cerro Summit; Leroux Creek; North Fork, Larimer Co. 2. Tetradymia linearis Rydb. On dry hills and plains of Colo, and Utah. — Alt. about 7700 ft. — Gunnison ; La Veta. 3. Tetradymia spinosa H. & A. On dry hills and plains from Mont, and Ore. to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 4500-7000 ft. — Mancos ; near Wyoming line, Routt Co. ; Hotchkiss ; Mancos Caiion ; Grand Junction ; Palisades. Tribe 9. CYNAREAE. 88. CARDUUS L. Thistle. Bracts of the involucres conspicuously arachnoid-pubescent, neither reflexed nor spreading, except the tips. Inner bracts with conspicuously dilated tips. I. Viridiflori. Inner bracts long-attenuate, rarely slightly dilated. II. Eriocephali. Bracts of the involucres not arachnoid or only slightly so on the margins, Bracts not with a dorsal glandular ridge. Bracts, except the outermost, with dilated fimbriate tips. III. Carlinoides. Bracts, except the innermost, not with dilated tips. Bracts not squarrose, except the spines or the loose tips. CARDUACEAE. 399 Innermost innocuous bracts not conspicuously eloHgated ; their tips visually crisp or twisted, sometimes erose or laciniate. IV. SCARIOSI. Innermost innocuous bracts conspicuously elongated and more or less reddish, straight, neither dilated, crisp, twisted, nor erose. V. PULCHELLI. Bracts squarrose or the lower reflexed. IX. Neo-mexicani. Bracts with glandular dorsal ridge. Flowers perfect. Leaves tomentose on both sides. VI. Undulati. Leaves glabrate above. ' VII. Altissimi. Flowers dioecious. VIII. Arvenses. I. ViRIDIFLORI. One species. i. C. Parryi. II. Eriocephali. Anthers glabrous. Lobes at least of the larger leaves elliptic or ovate, obtuse ; spines of the bracts stout. 2. C. Osterhoutii. Lobes of the leaves triangular or lanceolate, acute ; spines of the bracts slender, yellow. Stem tomentose or glabrous. Involucres densely arachnoid. Outer bracts with longer spines, almost equalling the inner ; flowers red. 3. C. Hookerianiis. Outer bracts much shorter than the inner ; flowers whitish. 4. C. araneosus. Involucres sparingly arachnoid. 5. C. oreophilus. Stem arachnoid hairy. 6. C. scopnlorum. Anthers pubescent. 7. C. hesperius. III. Carlinoides. Bracts all linear-lanceolate, not very unlike in length, with long stout flat spines. 8. C. griseiis. Bracts with short weak spines ; the outer ovate or ovate-lanceolate ; the inner with broad dilated tips. Flowers ochroleucous ; bracts not at all glandular ridged. Heads campanulate ; tips of the bract fimbriate. 9. C. Centanreae. Heads hemispherical; tips of the bracts erose. 10. C. erosus. Flowers red ; bracts with a more or less distinct glandular ridge. II. C. perplexans. IV. Scariosi. Plants acaulescent or nearly so. Bracts all with short spines. 12. C. acaulescens. Bracts, at least the middle ones, with long spines equalling the disk. 13. C. americanus. Plants distinctly caulescent. Tips of the inner bracts usually more or less dilated ; at least the terminal head 3-4 cm. wide. Bracts thin and flat, greenish or brownish. 14. C. foliosus. Bracts thick and firm, yellowish, only the tips brownish, more or less rounded or carinate on the back, ovate. Divisions of the leaves broad, ovate. 15. C. coloradensis. Divisions of the leaves narrow, linear-lanceolate. 16. C. scariosus. Tips of the inner bracts usually not at all dilated ; heads 2-2.5 cm. in diameter. Bracts narrowly lanceolate, usually arachnoid-hairy, gradually tapering to long, flat spines. 5. C. oreophilus. Bracts broadly lanceolate, scarcely arachnoid with a very short spine. 17. C. spathulatus. 400 CARDUACEAE. v. PUI.CIIEI.I.I. Leaves not whitc-tomentose beneath. Leaves sparingly floccose when young, or glabrate. i8. C. truncalus. Leaves glabrous, the lower twice pinnate. 19. C. bipimiatus. Leaves white-tomentose beneath. 20. C. pulchellus. VL Undulati. Flowers ochroleucous ; bracts very viscid, with broad glandular dorsal ridges. Tips of the inner bracts more or less dilated and crisp ; involucre of the ter- minal head 4-5 cm. in diameter. 21. C. plattensis. Tips of the inner bracts linear-lanceolate, neither dilated nor crisp ; involucres usually 3 cm. wide or less. 22. C. Tracyi. Flowers rose or purple, rarely white ; glandular ridge not so prominent. Involucres less than 3 cm. wide. Spines of the middle bracts 5-10 mm. long, erect or ascending. 22,. C. canescens. Spines of the middle bracts 5 mm. or less long, weak and spreading. Leaves entire or slightly lobed. 24. C. oblanceolatus. Leaves pinnately divided or deeply lobed. Leaves deeply pinnatifid with narrow, linear-lanceolate lobes ; plant often yellowish. 25. C. Flodmanii. Leaves with triangular or ovate-lanceolate lobes. Bracts with a very inconspicuous glandular ridge, not at all viscid. 26. floccosus. Bracts with a conspicuous glandular ridge, surrounded by a viscid area, 27. C. undulatus. Involucres 4-6 cm. in diameter. Spines of the involucral bracts scarcely over 5 mm. long ; leaves very broad. 28. C. megacephalus. Spines of the involucres i cm. long; leaves narrow. 29. C. ochrocentrus. VII. Altissimi. One species. 30. C. filipendulus. VIII. Arvenses. One species. • 31. C. arvensis. IX. Neo-mexicaxi. One species. 32. C. neo-mexicanns. 1. Carduus Parryi (A. Gray) Greene. (Cnicus Parryi A. Gray) In the mountains of Colo., Utah and N. M. — Alt. 5000-11,000 ft. — Marshall Pass; La Veta; along the Uncompahgre River, near Ouray; Steele Cafion, Villa Grove; Redclifife; Marshall Pass; Echo Creek, near La Veta; Veta Pass; near Pagosa Peak ; Boulder ; near Empire ; Twin Lakes. 2. Carduus Osterhoutii Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Redclifife ; Ten- nessee Pass. 3. Carduus Hookerianus (Nutt.) Heller. {Cnicus Hookcrianus A. Gray) In the mountains from Alb. and B. C. to Colo. — Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft. — Bert- houd Pass. 4. Carduus araneosus Osterhout. Mountains of Colo. — Redclifife. 5. Carduus oreophilus Rydb. In wooded valleys of Colo. — Alt. 6000-12,000 ft. — Banks of Larimer Co.; Silver Plume; Georgetown; Pagosa Springs; Steamboat Springs; Boreas; Garland. 6. Carduus scopulorum Greene. {Cnicus eriocephalus A. Gray) In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 9500-12,000 ft. — Ward; Mt. Harvard; head of Beaver Creek ; Ruxton Dell ; Mt. Baldy, Pike's Peak ; Cameron Pass ; Bert- houd Pass. CARDUACEAE. 401 7. Carduus hesperius (Eastw.) Heller. (Cnicus hesperius Eastw.) In mountains of Colo., above timber line. — Mt. Hesperus. 8. Carduus griseus Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. up to 12,000 ft. — Trappers' Lake; Bosworth's ranch, Stove Prairie; Steamboat Springs; Happy Hollow; Ward; Marshall Pass; Telluride. 9. Carduus Centaureae Rydb. {Cnicus Americanus A. Gray, in part) In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Bosworth's ranch; Stove Prairie ; mountains, Larimer Co. ; Four-mile Hill, Routt Co. ; Penn's Gulch ; Steamboat Springs ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Hins- dale Co. 10. Carduus erosus Rydb. In the mountains of Southern Colo. — Alt. about 7500 ft." — Durango. 11. Carduus perplexans Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Cimarron. 12. Carduus acaulescens (A. Gray) Rydb. (.Cnicus Drummondii acaules- cens A. Gray) In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Banks of Laramie River ; on Grizzly Creek ; Parlin, Gunnison Co. ; Columbine ; Mar- shall Pass ; Empire. 13. Carduus americanus Rydb. (Cirsium acaule Americanum A. Gray) In mountain valleys of Colo. — Alt. about 10,000 ft. — Silver Plume; Como; South Park. 14. Carduus foliosus Hook. (Cnicus foliosus Gray) In the mountains from S. D. and B. C. to Colo. — Dillon. 15. Carduus coloradensis Rydb. (^Cnicus Drummondii A. Gray, in part) In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 7500 ft.— Pagosa Springs; Gunnison; Wolcott. 16. Carduus scariosus (Nutt.) Heller. (Cnicus scariosus A. Gray) In the mountains of Wyo., Utah and Colo. — Alt. about 8500 ft. — Columbine. 17. Carduus spathulatus Osterhout. Hills of Colorado. — North Park. 18. Carduus truncatus Greene. On sage plains of Southern Colo.— West of Mancos. 19. Carduus bipinnatus (Eastw.) Heller. (Cnicus bipinnatus Eastw.) In canons of southwestern Colo. It is scarcely distinct from the preceding. — Johnston Cafion, near Mancos River. 20. Carduus pulchellus Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Piedra. 21. Carduus plattensis Rydb. On sand hills of Neb. and Colo. — New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Wray. 22. Carduus Tracyi Rydb. On dry fields of Colo.— Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Green Mountain Falls; Mancos; Ft. Collins and La Porte. 23. Carduus canescens Nutt. On dry plains and hills of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 7500-8500 ft. — Box Caiion, west of Ouray. 24. Carduus oblanceolatus Rydb. In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Twin Lakes. 25. Carduus Flodmanii Rydb. (Cnicus undulatus canescens A. Gray, mainly; not Cirsium canescens Nutt.; Carduus canescens Pammel) In river valleys from Minn, and Mont, to lov.a and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Cache la Poudre; Ft. Collins; La Porte; Westcliffe; New Windsor, Weld Co. 26. Carduus floccosus Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Wolcott, Eagle Co. 27. Carduus undulatus Nutt. (Cnicus undulatus A. Gray) On dry plains 26 402 CARDUACEAE. and hills from Mich., Ass. and Mont, to Tex. and Utah.— Ah. 4000-7000 ft.— Georgetown; near Grand Junction; Durango; Wolcott; Golden. 28. Carduus megacephalus Niitt. (Cniciis uudulatus megaccphalus A. Gray) On prairies, plains and hills from S. D. and Ida. to Mo., Tex. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-7500 ft. — Idaho Springs; Boulder; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Ft. Collins : Spring Canon ; Turkey Creek. 29. Carduus ochrocentrus (A. Gray) Greene. (Cnicus ochrocentrus A. Gray) On plains from Neb. and Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Ft. Collins ; New Windsor. 30. Carduus filipendulus (A. Gray) Rydb. {Cirsium filipendulum Engelm. ; Cnicus altissimus filipendulns A. Gray) On prairies, valleys and waste places from Colo, to Tex. — Clear Creek Valley; Ft. Collins. 31. Carduus arvensis (L.) Robs. (Cnicus arvensis HofFm.) In fields and waste places; an introduced weed from Europe and naturalized from Newf. and Ida. to N. J. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Livingstone; Ft. Collins. 32. Carduus neo-mexicanus (A. Gray) Greene. {Cnicus Neo-Mexicanus A. Gray; C. leucopsis Greene) On plains from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Grand Junction; Arboles; Rifle, Garfield Co. Family 134. CICHORIACEAE Reich. Chicory Family. I. Pappus of plumose bristles, often more or less paleaceous at the base. Achenes truncate at the apex, not beaked. Flowers yellow; simple plants with fusiform roots. i. Ptilocalais. Flowers pink, rose or white ; branched plants with rush-like stems. 2. Ptiloria. Achenes with long beaks ; simple plants with fistulose leaves. 3. Tragopogon. II. Pappus not plumose. A. Pappus consisting, at least partly, of chaffs or these reduced and united into a crown. Involucres simple and naked, i. e., without smaller calyculate bracts below ; pappus of both chaffs and bristles ; flowers yellow. 4. Adopogon. Involucres double, either imbricated or with smaller calyculate bracts below ; flowers blue. 5- Cichorium. B. Pappus of capillary bristles, not plumose, slightly if at all broadened below. I. Achenes not flattened. a. Pappus-bristles promptly deciduous, mainly together ; only a few of the stouter ones in some species remaining. 6. Malacothrix. h. Pappus persistent, tardily falling off separately, or together only by the breaking off of the beak. Beaks of the achenes none or a mere attenuation. Flowers rose or purplish. Stems rush-like and striate ; leaves narrowly linear or reduced ; achenes tapering at the summit. 7. Lygodesmia. Stems not rush-like ; leaves ample ; achenes tapering to the base. Annuals ; heads 4-5-flowered ; achenes with 4-5 strong ribs. 8. Prenanthella. Perennials ; heads 8-30-flowered (rarely less) ; achenes terete or 4-5-angled. 9. Nabalus. Flowers yellow or white. Heads several, rarely solitary ; stem leafy. Achenes tapering upwards ; pappus white ; bracts in fruit more or less thickened at the base or on the mid-rib. 10. Crepis. Achenes not tapering upwards ; pappus in ours sorded or reddish ; bracts not thickened. 11. Hieracium. CICHORIACEAE. 403 Heads solitary on leafless scapes. 12. Nothocalais. Beaks of the achenes distinct and slender ; plants scapiferous. Achenes lo-ribbed or lo-nerved, not spinose-muricate ; involucres more or less imbricated. 13. Agoseris. Achenes 4-s-ribbed, muricate-spinulose at least near the apex ; in- volucres of a single series of principal bracts and several or numer- ous calyculate ones below. 14. Taraxacum. 2. Achenes flattened ; leafy-stemmed plants with paniculate heads. Achenes narrowed at the top or beaked ; pappus-bristles falling separately ; involucres cj'lindraceous. 15. Lactuca. Achenes truncate at the top ; pappus-bristles falling off more or less in connection ; involucres hemispherical or campanulate. 16. SONCHUS. I. PTILOCALAIS Greene. I. Ptilocalais nutans (Geyer) Greene. (Microseris nutans A. Gray) Wet meadows from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Minturn, Eagle Co.; Cerro Summit; Silver Plume. 2. PTILORIA Raf. Perennials. Pappus plumose to the base, white ; leaves, at least the lower ones, broad, oblanceolate in outline and runcinate. i. P. ramosa. Pappus merely scabrous at the base, brown ; leaves often runcinate, but narrow. 2. P. pauciflora. Annuals or biennials. Pappus plumose to the base, not paleacous-dilated ; plant strict, virgate ; leaves entire or sinuate. 3. P. virgata. Pappus plumose above the middle, dilated and paleaceous at the base ; leaves pinnatifid or bipinnatifid or the upper bract-like. 4. P. exigua. 1. Ptiloria ramosa Rydb. On dry plains and in " bad-lands " from Neb. and Mont, to Colo. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — New Windsor; Boulder. 2. Ptiloria pauciflora (Torn) Raf. (Stephmiomeria runcinata Nutt.) On plains and hills from Colo, and Nev. to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4500-8000 ft. — Buena Vista; Villa Grove; Mancos; Ft. Collins; Grand Junction; Deer Run; New Windsor; near Boulder; Hotchkiss ; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Canon City; between Sunshine and Ward; Boulder. 3. Ptiloria virgata (Benth.) Greene. {Stephanomeria virgata Benth.) In arid places from Colo, and Nev. to Calif. — Alt. about 4500 ft.— Grand Junc- tion. 4. Ptiloria exigua (Nutt.) Greene. Dry places from Wyo. to N. M., Calif, and Nev. — Grand Junction (Eastivood). 3. TRAGOPOGON L. Salsify, Oyster Plant. Flowers yellow ; involucral bracts equalling or shorter than the ligules. 1. T. pr a tense. Flowers purple ; involucral bracts much longer than the ligules. 2. T. porrifolius. 1. Tragopogon pratensis L. In fields and waste places from N. B. and Man. to N. J. and Colo. ; naturalized from Europe. — Ft. Collins ; Boulder. 2. Tragopogon porrifolius L. In fields and waste places from Ont. and Minn, to N. C. and Colo. Escaped from cultivation. — Ft. Collins ; Colorado Springs. 404 CICHORIACEAE. 4. ADOPOGON Ncckcr. Goat's Beard. 1. Adopogon virginicum (L.) Kuntze. (Krigia amplcxicaulis Niitt.) In moist woods and meadows from Onl. and Man. to Ga. and Colo. — Alt. 6000- 8500 ft. — Colorado Springs; moutli of Clicwcnne Canon; near Pike's Peak; North Cottonwood Creek. 5. CICHORIUM L. Chickory. I. Cichorium Intybus L. On roadsides, fields and waste places from N. S. and Minn, to N. C. and Colo. Naturalized from Europe. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Ft. Collins; La Porte, Larimer Co.; Denver. 6. MALACOTHRIX DC. I. Malacothrix sonchioides T. & G. On plains from Neb. and Nev. to Kans. and Calif. — Alt. 4500-S000 ft. — Grand Junction; McCoy's, Eagle Co. 7. LYGODESMIA D. Don. Perennials. Involucres 15-25 mm. high, 6-io-flowered. i. L. grandiflora. Involucres about 10 mm. high, usually 5-flowered ; upper leaves reduced. 2. L. juncea. Annuals; leaves narrowly linear; involucres 10-15 mm. high. 3. L. rostrata. 1. Lygodesmia grandiflora T. & G. On gravelly hills from Wyo. and Ida. to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. up to 7000 ft. — Mancos ; Glenwood Springs ; Hotch- kiss ; Grand Junction ; Gypsum, Eagle Co. 2. Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don. On prairies and plains from Minn., Sask. and Alb. to Mo. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-12,000 ft. — Gunnison; New Windsor; Ft. Collins; Denver; Pueblo; West Spanish Peak; Pagosa Springs; Table Rock ; Fossil Creek ; Manitou ; Colorado Springs. 3. Lygodesmia rostrata A. Gray. In canons and on sandy plains from S. D. and Sask. to Kans. and Colo. — New Windsor ; Greelej'. 8. PRENANTHELLA Rydb. I, Prenanthella exigua (A. Gray) Rydb. (Lygodesmia exigua A. Gray) On stony hills from Colo, and Utah to Tex. and Ariz. — Grand Junction. 9. NABALUS Cass. Rattlesnake-root. I. Nabalus racemosus (Michx.) DC. {Prenanthcs racemosa Michx.) In moist ground from N. B. and Sask. to N. J. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-9500 ft. — Westcliffe; Estes Park, Larimer Co.; Cabin Cafion, near Pike's Peak. 10, CREPIS L. Haw^k's-beard. Achenes not discoid-dilated at the insertion of the pappus ; plants tall. Plants neither canescent nor furfurascent ; heads hemispherical to turbinate. Involucres glabrous or tomentulose when young; neither hirsute nor glandular. Involucres and peduncles tomentulose, at least when young. 1. O. tomentulosa. Involucres glabrous or slightly puberulent when young. 2. C. glanca. CICHORIACEAE. 405 Involucres and peduncles hirsute or glandular or both. Leaf-blades oblanceolate or oblong to linear-oblanceolate. Leaves long-petioled ; petioles one-half as long to fully as long as the blades, not winged. Blades of the basal leaves broadly oblanceolate ; stem usually with 1-2 leaves ; involucres over i cm. high. 3. C. petiolata. Blades of the basal leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate or linear-oblan- ceolate ; stem scapiform ; involucres less than i cm. high. 4. C. glaucella. Leaves subsessile or with short, winged petioles. Leaves glabrous ; involucres with a few short hairs. 5. C. perplexa. Leaves and involucres hairy. 6. C. riincinata. Leaf-blades obovate ; involucres and peduncles densely glandular hispid with long hairs. Involucres over i cm. high; leaves hairy, 1.5-2 dm. long. 7. C. riparia. Involucres i cm. high or less ; leaves glabrous or nearly so. 8. C. denticiilata. Plant more or less canescent or furfurascent, especially the leaves. Involucres glabrous, 5-7-flowered. g. C. acuminata. Involucres canescent. Involucres and peduncles without black hairs. Principal bracts of the involucres 5-8 ; flowers of the same number. Blade proper broadly lanceolate ; lobes usually directed downward. ID. C. intermedia. Blade proper narrowly lanceolate to almost linear ; lobes curved up- wards. II. C. angnstata. Principal bracts of the involucres 9-14; flowers 10-20; plant low. 12. C. pumila. Involucres and peduncles with some black hairs intermixed with the to- mentum ; principal bracts 9-10. Hairs glandular. 13- C. occidentalis. Hairs not glandular. 14. C scopulorum. Achene^ with a more or less dilated disk bearing the deciduous pappus ; plant dwarf, less than i dm. high. iS- C. nana. 1. Crepis tomentulosa Rydb. In the mountains near Pike's Peak, Colo.— Alt. nearly 10,000 ft. — Ruxton Dell. 2. Crepis glauca (Nutt.) T. & G. (C. lancifolia Greene ?) In valleys from Mont, to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 4500-10,000 ft. — Clear Creek, below George- town ; Ft. Collins ; Doyle's ; Garland ; Wahatoya Creek ; Eagle River. 3. Crepis petiolata Rydb. In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 7000- 9000 ft. — Along Bear River, five miles east of Hayden ; Georgetown. 4. Crepis glaucella Rydb. In wet meadows from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. about 7500 ft.- — Wahatoya Creek. 5. Crepis perplexa Rydb. In valleys from N. D. and Alb. to Neb. and Colo. ^Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Sterling, Logan Co. ; Garland ; Parlin ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; South Park ; Pagosa Springs ; Empire ; Bosworth's range ; La Porte ; Georgetown ; Moon's ranch ; Table Rock ; Beaver Creek ; Tobe Miller's ranch ; Walden. 6. Crepis runcinata T. & G. In valleys from N. D. and Alb. to Colo. — Westcliffe. 7. Crepis riparia A. Nels. On river banks of Neb. and Colo, and Utah. — Yampa ; Steamboat Springs. 8. Crepis denticulata Rydb. In the mountains of Colo., Wyo. and Utah. — Near Lake John, North Park. 406 CICHORIACEAE. g. Crepis acuminata Niitt. On hillsides from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Van Boxlc's ranch, above Cimarron; Middle Park ; near Manitou ; Deadman Canon ; Mancos. 10. Crepis intermedia A. Gray. On hillsides from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Big Creek Gulch, Routt Co.; Ragged Mountain, Gunnison Co.; Mancos; Cedar Edge. 11. Crepis angustata Rydb. On hillsides from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Oregon. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — North Park; Howe's Gulch. 12. Crepis pumila Rydb. On hillsides from Mont, and Ida. to Colo, and Calif. — Soda Springs. 13. Crepis occidentalis Nutt. On plains and hillsides from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Denver; Dolores; Thompson's Park, east of Mancos; Boulder; McCoy's, Eagle Co.; Mancos. 14. Crepis scopulorum Coville. In the mountains from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Cerro Summit. 15. Crepis nana Richardson. Arctic-alpine localities from Lab. to Colo., Calif, and Alaska. — Mt. Lincoln. II. HIERACIUM L. Hawk-weed. Achenes cylindrical. Flowers yellow. Plant 4-10 dm. high, leafy. i. H. cynosnroides. Plant low, 1-3 dm. high, with 1-3 stem-leaves and a few heads. 2. H. gracilis. Flowers white or ochroleucous. 3. H. albilJoruni. Achenes tapering gradually upwards. 4. H. Fendleri. 1. Hieracium cynosuroides Arvet. On hillsides and in valleys from Mont, and B. C. to Colo. — Breckenridge. 2. Hieracium gracile Hook. In the mountains from Mont, and Alaska to Colo, and Calif., especially along streams. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — Cameron Pass ; Chambers' Lake ; Caribou ; Silver Plume ; high mountains about Em- pire ; Gray's Peak ; Marshall Pass ; Berthoud Pass ; above Beaver Creek ; bank of Michigan ; headwaters of Clear Creek ; Anita Peak. 3. Hieracium albiflorum Hook. Open woods from Yukon to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft.^Keblar Pass; Continental Divide, Routt Co.; Steamboat Springs ; Mt. Harvard ; Cameron Pass ; mountain between Sun- shine and Ward ; Buffalo Pass ; mountains near Empire ; Fish Creek Falls. 4. Hieracium Fendleri Schultz Bip. In woods from the Black Hills of S. D. to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Soldier Cafion; Horsetooth Moun- tain; Upper La Plata River; headwaters of Pass Creek; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; mountain above Little South ; headwaters of Clear Creek. 12. NOTHOCALAIS Greene. 1. Nothocalais cuspidata (Pursh) Greene. (Troximon cuspidatum Pursh) On prairies from Ills, and S. D. to Mo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Trini- dad ; Howe's Gulch ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; hills southeast of La Veta ; plains near Denver; South Cheyenne Cafion; New Windsor; Horsetooth Gulch; Colorado City. CICHORIACEAE. 407 13. AGOSERIS Raf. Beak short, scarcely more than half as long as the body of the achenes, striate throughout. Leaves decidedly pubescent, even in age. Outer bracts lanceolate, obtuse. i. A. pubescens. Outer bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. 2. A. maculate. Leaves in age glabrate and glaucous. Bracts villous-ciliate, at least on the margins. Inner bracts long-acuminate ; plant less than 2 dm. high. 3. A. attenuata. Inner bracts merely acute. Leaves obtuse or acute, entire or rarely toothed. Outer bracts much broader than the inner, often obtusish ; plant gen- erally low and leaves short, obtuse. 4. A. pumila. Outer bracts usually not much broader than the inner ; plant 3-5 dm. high ; leaves long and acute. 5. A. scorsoneraefolia. Leaves acuminate, more or less pinnatifid, lobed or toothed. Leaves deeply pinnatifid ; flowers turning purplish. 6. A. agrestis. Leaves less deeply pinnatifid ; flowers not turning purple. 7. A. Leontoclon. Bracts glabrous ; involucres if at all hairy, only tomentose at the very base. Leaves entire or toothed. Outer bracts oval or ovate, obtusish ; leaves 2-3 dm. long, oblanceolate ; flowers rose-color. 8. A. roseata. Bracts all linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate ; flowers yellow. Leaves linear-oblanceolate. 9. A. glauca. Leaves narrowly linear. 10. A. parvMora. Leaves pinnatifid with narrow lobes ; flowers yellow, turning purple. Bracts with loose spreading tips ; heads broadly campanulate. II. A. rosea. Bracts appressed ; heads more or less turbinate. 12. A. laciniata. Beak long, about as long as or longer than the body of the achene, scarcely striate at the middle. Bracts all broad, ovate to ellipitical, abruptly acuminate. 13. A. montana. Bracts, at least the inner ones, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute. Involucres more or less regularly imbricated ; beak about equalling the body of the achenes. Leaves densely pubescent. Plant low; flowers purple. 14. A. arachnoidea. Plant tall; flowers yellow. 15. A. elata. Leaves glabrous or nearly so. Flowers reddish-brown or deep orange, changing into purplish. Bracts with purplish blotches ; leaves glaucous. 16. A. purpurea. Bracts not with purplish blotches, if at all purplish only along the mid-rib. Leaves narrowly linear, glaucous, usually pinnatifid with linear lobes. 17. A. Greenei. Leaves oblanceolate, usually entire, rarely with short broad lobes or teeth. All bracts narrowly linear and acute. Plant tall, slender, 3-5 dm. high ; leaves erect ; heads 2-3 cm. high. 18. A. gracilens. Plant low, 1-3 dm. high; leaves spreading; heads 1.5-2 cm. high. 19. A. humilis. Outer bracts oblong or lanceolate, often obtuse. 20. A. aurantiaca. Flowers light yellow, but often turning pinkish ; inner bracts elongated in age. 408 CICHORIACEAE. Involucres 1-1.5 cm. in diameter; plant tall and stout, scarcely glaucous. 15. A. data. Involucres less than i cm. in diameter ; plant slender, glaucous. 21. A. ariaonica. Involucres of two distinct sets of bracts ; the inner narrowly linear, 2 to 3 times as long as the ovate or oval outer ones; beak 3-4 times as long as the body of the achenes. 22. A. rostrata. 1. Agoseris pubescens Rydb. On hillsides of Wyo. and Colo. — Platte Cai'ion ; Marsliall Pass. 2. Agoseris maculata Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft.^Silvcr Plnnic; 'i'cnncssee Pass. 3. Agoseris attenuata Rydb. In the monntains of Colo. — Alt. near 10,000 ft.— Mountains west of North Park. 4. Agoseris pumila (Nutt.) Rj'db. (Troximoji puviilum Nutt.) On hills from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. up to 12,300 ft. — Red Mountain; Silver Plume. 5. Agoseris scorzoneraefolia (Schrad.) Greene. (Troximon glaucutn dasy- cephalum T. & G.) On hillsides from Mont, and Alb. to Colo.— Alt. 4000- 8000 ft. — Divide road to Steamboat Springs ; Gunnison ; Four-mile Hill, Routt Co. ; Marshall Pass ; Gypsum Creek Canon. 6. Agoseris agrestis Osterh. On hills of Colo. — Alt. 7000-12,000 ft. — Estes Park, Larimer Co.; Ojo; butte, five miles southwest of La Veta; Berthoud Pass. 7. Agoseris Leontodon Rydb. On hills from Mont, and S. D. to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Georgetown ; Cripple Creek road, near Pike's Peak; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron; Marshall Pass; Gunnison; Four- mile Hill ; Walton Creek ; Bear Creek. 8. Agoseris roseata Rydb. On hills in Colo. — Bear River, twenty miles below Steamboat Springs. 9. Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Greene. {Troximon glaucutn Nutt.) On prairies and in meadows from Sask. and Wash, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Pitkin ; near Teller, North Park ; Stove Prairie ; Bosworth's ranch ; Ruxton Dell ; Wahatoya Creek ; Mancos ; mountains, Larimer Co. ; swamp above Beaver Creek; Dolores; Elk River; Conejos River, north of Antonito. 10. Agoseris parviflora (Nutt.) Dietr. (Troximon glucum parvMorum A. Gray) In meadows from N. D. and Alb. to Colo. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Chambers' Lake; Gunnison; Parlin ; Steamboat Springs; Mt. Harvard; Boulder. 11. Agoseris rosea (Nutt.) Dietr. (Troximon roseum Nutt.) In valleys of Colo. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Ojo. 12. Agoseris laciniata (Nutt.) Greene. (Stylosanthus laciniatus Nutt.; not Troximon laciniatum A. Gray) In meadows and valleys from Wyo. and Ida. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 5000-9500 ft. — Minturn, Eagle Co. ; Cerro Sum- mit; Los Pinos ; Durango; Seven Lakes, near Pike's Peak; Grayback mining camps; river bluffs north of La Veta; butte, five miles southwest of La Veta; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Boulder. 13. Agoseris montana Osterh. In the mountains of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. 9000-11,500 ft. — Mountains west of North Park, along road to Steamboat Springs; Buffalo Pass; mountainsides near Empire. 14. Agoseris arachnoidea Rydb. In valleys of southern Colo. — Alt. 7000- 9500 ft. — Grayback mining camps ; La Veta. CICHORIACEAE. 409 15. Agoseris data (Nutt.) Greene. {Troximon Nuttallii A. Gray) In rich low ground from Mont, and B. C. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Glenwood Springs ; La Veta ; Veta Pass ; Cameron Pass ; Horsetooth Gulch. 16. Agoseris purpurea (A. Gray) Greene. {Troximon auranthiacum pur- pureum A. Gray) In the mountains of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — Table Rock ; Minnehaha ; near Pagosa Peak ; Rogers. 17. Agoseris Greenei (A. Gray) Rydb. {Troximon gracilens Greenei A. Gray) In meadows from Alb. and B. C. to Colo. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Min- nehaha ; Chicken Creek. 18. Agoseris gracilens (A. Gray) Greene. (Troximon gracilens A. Gray) In meadows and on hillsides from Mont, and B. C. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Steamboat Springs; West Indian Creek; Bear River, Routt Co. ; Pike's Peak ; Bob Creek ; mountain near Veta Pass ; Red Mountain ; between Cheyenne Mountain and Seven Lakes ; West Mancos Cafion ; Gray- back mining camps ; Pass Creek ; Mt. Harvard ; North Fork of Cache la Pou- dre River; Buffalo Pass; Anita Peak; summit of North Park Range, Routt Co. 19. Agoseris humilis Rydb. In the mountains of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; Breckenridge; Ten- nessee Pass. 20. Agoseris aurantiaca (Hook.) Greene. {Troximon aurantiacum Hook.) In mountain meadows and on banks of streams from Mont, and B. C. to Colo. — Alt. 6000-13.000 ft. — Steamboat Springs; Pike's Peak; Tennessee Pass; Delta Co.; near Teller, North Park; Mt. Hesperus; near Ironton, San Juan Co. ; Franklin. 21. Agoseris arizonica Greene. {A. elongata Greene) In the mountains of Colo., N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-9000 ft. — Grayback mining camps ; Black Carion ; near Pagosa Peak ; Piedra. 22. Agoseris rostrata Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 8000-9000 ft. — Lower Boulder Canon ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Bear Creek. 14. TARAXACUM Hall. Dandelion, Blowball. Outer bracts (calyculum) more or less squarrose. Outer bracts reflexed from the base ; leaves deeply runcinate with triangular teeth. Bracts numerous ; leaves broad and the terminal lobe large. I. T. Taraxacum. Bracts few ; leaves narrow and the terminal lobe small. 2. T. mexicanutn. Outer bracts or most of them appressed at the base and with spreading or re- flexed tips ; leaves with short lobes or sinuate. Bracts conspicuously corniculate ; the outer about two-thirds as long as the inner; achenes spinulose-toothed above and tuberculate on some of the ribs to near the base. 3. T. dumetorum. Bracts, at least the outer ones, not corniculate ; these about half as long as the inner ; achenes merely tuberculate above, smooth below ; leaves dark green. 4. T. leiospermum. Outer bracts wholly appressed, short. Plant not dwarf; scape 5-20 cm. high; involucres 15 mm. high or more. 5. T. montanum. Plant dwarf ; scape 2-5 cm. high ; involucres 6-8 mm. high and about 5 mm. wide. 6. T. scopuloriDii. 410 CICHORIACEAE. 1. Taraxacum Taraxacum (L.) Karst. (7. officinale Weber.) Around dwellings, in fields and on roadsides from Lab. and Wash, to S. C. and Calif.; naturalized from Europe.— Alt. 4000-7000 ft.— Mintum, Eagle Co.; La Veta; Ft. Collins. 2. Taraxacum mexicanum DC. In mountain valleys from Colo, to Mex. —Alt. 7000-9000 ft.— Pass Creek; Ouray; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek ; hills southeast of La Veta ; along Uncompahgre River, near Ouray. 3. Taraxacum dumetorum Greene. (T. oblanceolatum A. Nels.) In moun- tain valleys from Ass. to Colo.— Alt. 7000-10,000 ft.— Columbine ; mountain near Veta Pass ; Cucharas River, below La Veta ; Mancos ; Seven Lakes ; Ft. Collins; Halfway House, Pike's Peak. 4. Taraxacum leiospermum Rydberg. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 10,000 ft. — Tennessee Pass; Seven Lakes; Cripple Creek. 5. Taraxacum montanum Nutt. (T. officinale alpinum A. Gray, in part) In the mountains from Mont, to Colo.— Alt. about 9500 ft.— Chambers' Lake; source of Leroux ; Camp Creek. 6. Taraxacum scopulorum (A. Gray) Rydb. (T. officinale scopulorum A. Gray) On the higher peaks in damp places from B. C. to Utah, Colo, and Mont— Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft.— West Spanish Peak; Mt. Hesperus. 15. LACTUCA L. Lettuce. Achenes with a slender beak ; pappus white. Outer bracts (calyculum) not more than half as long as the bracts proper; flowers yellow, rarely tinged with blue. Heads 6-8-flowered ; achenes several-nerved, not rugose ; leaves spinulose on the ribs. i. L. virosa. Heads 12-20-flowered ; achenes 1-3-nerved, transversely rugose. Involucres about i cm. high. 2. L. canadensis. Involucres 1.5-2 cm. high. Leaves obovate or oblanceolate in outline with broad lobes, often spinu- lose on the mid-ribs beneath. 3. L. ludoviciana. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate in outline, entire or with narrow lobes, never spinulose. 4- L. graminifolia. Outer bracts gradually increasing inwards ; a distinct calyculum therefore not evident ; flowers blue. 5- L. pulchella. Achenes beakless ; pappus tawny or brown. 6. L. spicata. 1. Lactuca virosa L. In waste places and fields from Me. and N. D. to Ga. and Calif.; introduced from Europe.— Alt. 5000 ft— Ft. Collins; Poudre flats. 2. Lactuca canadensis L. In moist open places from N. S. and Sask. to Fla. and Colo.— Alt. 4000-6500 ft.— La Porte, Larimer Co.; Hotchkiss; gulch west of Soldier Canon. 3. Lactuca ludoviciana DC. River banks and moist places from Minn, and Mont to Mo. and Tex.— Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — New Windsor; between Sun- shine and Ward ; Denver. 4. Lactuca graminifolia Michx. In rich soil from N. C. and Colo, to Fla. and Ariz.— Alt. up to 7500 ft. — Along the Uncompahgre River, near Ouray. 5. Lactuca pulchella DC. In wet meadows from Sask. and Wash, to Mo., N. M. and Calif.— Alt. 4000-8000 ft.— Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Ft Collins; Durango; Clear Creek; Gunnison; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; McCoy; Walsenburg; Montrose; Boulder; Gypsum; Table Rock; Fortification, Routt Co. CICHORIACEAE. 411 6. Lactuca spicata (Lam.) Hitchk. (L. leucophaea A. Gray) In moist ground from Newf. and Man. to N. C. and Colo. — Boulder; Steamboat Springs. i6. SONCHUS L. Sow-thistle; Milk-thistle. Involucres glandular-pubescent; heads about 25 mm. high. i. 5". arvensis. Involucres glabrous; heads about 15 mm. high. Auricles of the leaves acute ; achenes transversely wrinkled. 2. 5". oleraceus. Auricles of the leaves rounded ; achenes not transversely wrinkled. 3. S. as per. 1. Sonchus arvensis L. In fields from Newf. and Minn, to N. J. and Colo. ; also on the Pacific Coast ; introduced from Europe. — Walsenburg. 2. Sonchus oleraceus L. In fields and waste places from N. S. and Wash, to Fla. and Calif.; introduced from Europe. — Alt. 5000 ft. — Ft. Collins. 3. Sonchus asper (L.) All. In waste places and fields from N. S. and B. C. to Fla. and Calif. ; introduced from Europe. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Along Un- compahgre River, near Ouray; Cerro Summit; Glenwood Springs. 412 SUMMARY. Number of Genera .\nd Species Listed in Each Family and Order, Order. Family. Genera. Species. Genera. Species. Ophioglossales . . . Ophioglossaccae . . Filicales Polypodiaceae Salviniales Marsiliaceae Equisctales Equisetaceae [soetales Isoetaceae Lycopodiales Lycopodiaceae Selaginellaceae . . . I 14 3 25 I 4 2 I 4 14 2 3 25 I 4 2 5 Total Pteridophyta 20 40 Pinales Pinaceae Juniperaceae Gnetales Ephedraceae 6 2 I II 6 3 8 I 17 3 Total Gymnosperm^ 9 20 Pandanales Typhaceae Sparganiaceae Naiadales Zanichelliaceae . . . Naiadaceae Alismales , . . Scheuchzeriaceae . Hydrocharitales ..Elodiaceae Poales Poaceae Cyperaceae Arales Araceae Lemnaceae Xyridales Commelinaceae . . . Pontideriaceje Liliales Melanthaceae Juncaceae Alliaceae I I 2 I I 2 70 8 I I 2 I 3 2 I 5 4 2 I I I 2 12 X 4 13 I 2 5 2 267 lOI I 3 3 I 6 27 13 6 8 4 3 I I 5 24 2 3 3 I 78 2 3 20 2 12 5 H 7 2 368 4 4 Convallariaceae .. . Dracaenaceae Calochortaceae Smilacaceae Amaryllidales .... Ixiaceae 69 5 Orchidales Orchidaceae 24 Total M0NOCOTYLEDONE.S 33 3 I 1 1 4 I I 6 I 94 54 II 6 18 126 502 Salicales Salicaceae Fagales Betulaceae Corylaceae Fagaceae Urticales Urticaceae Ulmaceae Santalales Loranthaceae Santalaceae Chenopodiales . . . Chenopodiacese . . Amaranthaceae . . . Corrigiolaceae .... AlHoniaceae 2 2 14 4 I 5 2 4 4 3 7 33 15 6 7 94 SUMMARY. 413 Number of Genera and Species Listed in Each Family and Order. (Continued.) Order. Family. Ranales Papaverales Resales Geraniales Polygalales . Euphorbiales Sapindales ., Rhamnales . , Malvales . . Hypericales Opuntiales . Thymeliales Myrtales . . Umbellales Ericales . . . Tetragoniaceae . Portulacacese . . Alsinacje Caryophyllacese Ceratophyllace?e Ranunculacese .. Nymphasacese . . Berberidacese . . Papaveracese . . . Fumariaceae . . . Brassicacese . . . Capparidaceae . . Crassulacese .. . . Saxifragaceae . . Parnassiaceae . . Hydrangeaceae . Grossulariaceae . Rosaceae Malaceae Amygdalacese . . Mimosaceje . . . . Cassiaceas Fabaceae Geraniaceae . . . . Linaceae Oxalidaceae . . . . Zygophyllaceae . Rutaceae Polygalaceae . . . Euphorbiaceae . . Callitrichaceas . . Limnanthaceae . Spondiaceae . . . . Celastraceae . . . . Aceracese Frangulaceae . . . Vitaceae Malvaceae Elatinaceas . . . . Frankeniaceae . . Hypericaceae . . . Cistaceae Violaceas Loasaceas Cactaceae Elaeagnaceas . . . , Lythraceas Epilobiaceae . . . Gunneraceae . . . , Hederaceae . . . . Cornaceae Ammiaceae , Monotropaceae . Pyrolaceae Ericaceae Vacciniaceae . . . Genera. 7 3 I 17 27 4 4 12 I 3 I 21 4 2 36 16 27 Species. I 14 41 14 I 92 I 3 4 4 144 8 5 28 3 5 12 89 14 4 2 3 185 II 7 3 3 3 4 25 I I 3 3 4 6 3 16 2 I 2 I 16 20 23 2 2 62 2 I 3 58 Genera. 43 35 87 30 66 62 16 414 SUMMARY. Number of Genera and Species Listed in Each Family and Order. {Continued.) Order. Family. Genera. Species. Genera. Species. Primulales Primulaccse 6 2 9 I 1 3 I 3 1 9 5 2 II 2 20 9 i8 I 2 I I I 5 I 2 I I 6 88 16 19 2 26 6 2 19 Oleales . Oleaceae 2 Gentianales Gentianaceae . . Menyanthacese Asclepiadales Apocynacese . . I ID 7 27 Asclepiadacese Polemoniales Cuscutaccae . . . 15 7 8 58 i6 2 76 6 38 31 ic6 2 3 I 7 II 14 I 2 I 7 13 568 71 5 84 I 7 5 I no 22 Convolvulaceae Polemoniaceae . Hydroleaceae . . Heliotropaceae Boraginacese . . Verbenacese . . . Lamiaceae Solanacese .... Rhinanthacese . Pinguiculacese Orobanchaceae Martvniaceae . . 354 Plantaginales .... Plantaginaceae Rubiales Rubiacese 7 Caprifoliaceae . Adoxaceae .... 26 Campanulales Cucurbitaceae . Campanulaceae Lobeliaceae . . . 9 Valerianales Valerianaceae .. Carduales Ambrosiaceae . Carduaceae . . . 7 Cichoriaceae . . . 652 Total Dicotyledones 1 547 2,350 Summary. Orders. Families. Genera. Species. Pteridophyta 6 2 7 3 24 100 20 9 126 547 40 Spermatophyta : Gymospermae 20 Angiospermse : Monocotyledones. . . Dicotyledones 10 31 502 2,350 49 134 702 2,912 Contour Map of Colorado, Showing Counties, County Seats and rriucipal Streams. 416 GAZETTEER OF LOCALITIES MENTIONED GIVING LOCATION AND ELEVATIONS. The variation of elevation in Colorado from 3,350 to 14,483 feet at the high- est peaks, introduces a corresponding range in climate and consequently great differences in flora. Within a short distance there may be a change in eleva- tion v/hich entirely changes the character of the flora, or alters the season of the year. The elevation becomes, therefore, often a more important guide than latitude. Accordingly pains have been taken to give the elevations of the localities. The names are so often local, frequently changing, that it was thought best to identify them so far as possible, and to give the elevation. This list is therefore not a gazetteer of the State, but intended to give only the localities mentioned in the Flora. Where there are several localities of the same name, as is frequently the case, the ones where collections were made are intended to be given. The extreme elevations of streams are usually given, though not always. The State has an area of 104,500 square miles, an area nearly as large as the six states of New England and the State of New York in addition. Speaking broadly, the eastern half forms part of the Great Plains. The rise from the eastern border of the State is steady but gentle to the foothills, where there is an abrupt rise, and the remaining half of the State may be considered mountainous, broken by numerous parks. The larger parks, as North Park, Middle Park, South Park and the San Luis Valley, are of considerable size, the latter being nearly 4,000 square miles, and at an elevation of about 7,000 to 8000 feet. There are many other parks, as Estes Park, Egeria Park, and hundreds of moderate size. In general, timber line is found at about 11,500 feet, variations of 500 feet above or below being found, due to local condi- tions. The local configuration influences the direction and amount of wind, the upward movement of the air, and consequently the amount and distribu- tion of rainfall, therefore the flora. Hence these elements are important, if not controlling, and necessary to take into consideration. In addition the irri- gated sections introduce important modifications. Irrigation occurs princi- pally along the flanks of the mountain ranges, in the mountain valleys, and extending in tongues along the principal streams like the Platte and Arkan- sas, with small patches in other places where water is available. The range of climate represents as great extremes as between Charleston, S. C, and Spitzbergen. In parts of the State snow rarely falls nor remains for any length of time, while in the high altitudes snow falls in every month and lasts throughout the year. With these conditions it is not surprising that there is a great number of species. A map of the State is given showing the contours at intervals of 1,000 feet, all points on the same line being at the same elevation. From this map the general configuration of any part of the Sta,te, as well as the elevation of any portion may be closely estimated. The counties as they now exist, the prin- cipal streams, and county seats are also shown. Much more labor was required to identify localities than was anticipated. Collectors have often used names for localities almost impossible to identify, especially where these names depend on ephemeral characters, as the name of an owner. Frequently places have changed names, as South Park was known to Fremont as Bayou Salade. Other names once common are now disused or displaced, and sometimes migrated to other localities. The elevations are given in most cases, and are hoped to be essentially correct. L. G. C. 27 417 41 S GAZETTEER OF LOCALITIES MENTIONED. .llamosa, Conejos Co., San Luis Vallcv; alt. 7050 ft. Alf^inr Tunnel, at Alpine Pass, on C. & S. R. R.. ChnfTce Co : .-ilt. 11.608 ft. Anchor, Clear Creek Co.; alt. 10,450 ft. Andrcivs' Ranch and Andrews' Shetland Ranch, on Cache la Poiulre; alt. 7,700 ft. Anita Peak, Elk Head Mountains, Routt Co.; alt. 10.661 ft. Antoniio. station on D. & R, G. R. R., Conejos Co.; alt. 7,888 ft. Atcx, Gilpin Co.; alt. 9,858 ft. Apishapa River, a tributary of Arkansas River, near Rocky Ford; heads near the Spanish Peaks; alt. from 4,300 to 12,000 ft. Arapahoe Pass, between Boulder and Grand comities; alt. approx. 12,000 ft. Arapahoe Peak, Front Range, Boulder Co.; alt. 13,520 ft. Arboles, station on D. & R. G. R. R., Archuleta Co' ; alt. 5,998 ft. Argentine Pass, between Clear Creek and Summit counties; alt. 13,100 ft. Arkansas Canon, commonly restricted to portion above Canon City; alt. 5,500 to 6,000 ft. Arkansas Junction, three miles west of Leadville; alt. 10,185 ft. Arthur's Rock (local), six miles southwest of Fort Collins; alt. 7,000 ft. Artist's Glen. Pike's Peak; alt. 7,000 to 9,000 ft. Aspen, Pitkin Co. ; alt. 7,874 ft. Aztec, on Aztec Creek, a tributary to San Juan river. (Some of the plants listed were perhaps collected at Aztec, N. M., which is not far from the Colorado line.) Badito, on Huerfano River, below Gardner; alt. about 6,500 ft. Bahia Salada. Spanish name of South Park; see Bayou Salade. Bald Mountain (a very common local name), eight miles west of Loveland; alt. 7.200 ft. See Mt. Baldy. Baldwin, (junnison Co., south of Crested Butte; alt. 8.720 ft. Baltimore, northern Gilpin Co., on Boulder Creek; alt. 8,914 ft. Bard Creek Valley, near Empire, Clear Creek Co. ; alt. 8,300 to 12,000 ft. Barlow Ranch, Larimer Co., near Livermore; alt. about 6,500 ft. Barnes' Camp, near junction of Beaver Creek with Little South Poudre; alt. about 7,200 ft. Basin Creek, tributary to San Miguel in Montrose Co. ; alt. 6,000 to 8,000 ft. Battlement Crag, Pike's Peak; alt. about 9.000 ft. Baxter's Ranch, west of Fort Collins; alt. 6,500 to 6,800 ft. Bayfield, see Los Pinos. Bayou Salade, name of South Park by early French trappers; alt. 8,000 to 10,000 ft. Bear Creek Canon, near Ouray ; alt. 8,722 ft. Bear Creek (a very common name), near Pike's Peak, enters the Fountain at Colorado City; alt. 5,500 to 12,000 ft. Bear River, a tributary of Yampa River, Routt Co. ; alt. 6,500 to 12,000 ft. Beaver Creek (a very common name), Larimer Co.; enters Little South; alt. 6,800-11,900 ft. Routt Co.; flows into Willow Creek; alt. 8,200-10,000 ft. San Miguel Co.; flows into San Miguel River; alt. 7,500 to 12,500 ft. Collections were made on all the above streams. Beaver Park (also common), El Paso and Fremont counties; alt. 9,000 to 10,000 ft. Larimer Co., Estes Park, above James's Hotel ; alt. 8,500 ft. Teller Co., northeast of Cripple Creek; alt. about 9.500 ft. Bellevue, Larimer Co., eight miles northwest of Fort Collins; alt. 5,211 ft. Bent's Fort, on Arkansas River, eight miles west of Lamar to 1852. then west of Las Animas; alt. 3,700 to 4,000 ft. Bergen Park, Jefferson Co., southwest of Golden; alt. 7,643 ft. Berkeley Lake, Jefferson Co., near Denver; alt. 5,400 ft. Berthoud Pass, near Georgetown; alt. ii,349 ft- Berwind, Huerfano Co. ; alt. about 6,500 ft. Bierstadt Lake, near Flat Top trail, Estes Park; alt. about 10,500 ft. Big Creek Gulch, Routt Co. ; alt. about 8,000 ft. GAZETTEER OF LOCALITIES MENTIONED. 419 Big Muddy, western Gunnison Co.; alt. about 8,000 to 11,000 ft. Big South, fork of Cache la Poudre; alt. 8,000 to 11,000 ft. Big Thompson Creek, Larimer Co., from Estes Park to South Platte, near Denver; alt. 4,600 to 12,000 ft. Bijou Basin, on the plains, El Paso Co., west fork of Bijou Creek, a tributary of South Platte. Bingham Hill, five miles northwest of Fort Collins ; alt. 6,000 ft. Bitter Creek, Rio Blanco Co., a tributary of White River, below Coyote Basin; alt. 5,800 to 9.000 ft. Black Cafion of the Gunnison, Gunnison River below Sapinero; alt. about 7,000 ft. Black's Lake, now forms part of Terry Lake Reservoir, two miles north of Fort Collins ; alt. 5,200 ft. Blue River, a tributary to Grand River, Summit and Grand counties ; alt. 7,000 to 12,000 ft. Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus, La Plata Mountains ; alt. 8,000 to 10,000 ft. Boreas, on Breckenridge Pass, on C. & S. R. R., between Breckenridge and Como; alt. 11,482 ft. Bosworth's Ranch, Stove Prairie; alt. 8,000 ft. Bottomless Pit, Pike's Peak ; alt. 13,000 ft. Boulder, Boulder Co. ; alt. 5.347 ft. Boulder Canon (Lower) ; alt. about 5,500 ft. Boulder Creek, Boulder Co., a tributary of the Platte through the St. Vrain; alt. 4,800 to summit of range. Box Canon, west of Ouray; alt. 7,000 to 9,000 ft. Brant's Soda Spring, near North Platte River, Larimer Co. ; alt. about 8,800 ft. Brantly Canon, Las Animas Co. ; alt. about 5,000 ft. Breckenridge, Summit Co. ; alt. about 9,700 ft. Brush Creek, Custer Co. ; alt. 7,000 to 12,000 ft. Brush Creek, Gunnison Co., tributary to East River; alt. 9,000 to 13,000 ft. Buckhorn Creek, Larimer Co., a tributary of Big Thompson Creek; alt. about 5,200 to 8,000 ft. Buena Vista, Chaffee Co., on the Arkansas River; alt. 7,967 ft. Buffalo Pass, Routt Co. and Larimer Co., across Park Range, between North Platte and Bear Rivers : alt. 10,650 ft. Cabin Cafion, near Pike's Peak; alt. 5,000 to 10,000 ft. Cache a la Poudre, now commonly written. Cache la Poudre River, Larimer Co., outlet of Chamber's Lake, tributary to South Platte River near Greelev; alt. 4,500 to 9,100 ft. Calhan, El Paso Co., station on the C., R. I. & P. R. R.; alt. 6.508 ft. Calloway Hill, Larimer Co., near Livermore; alt. about 7,000 ft. Cameron's Cone, near Pike's Peak; alt. 10,605 ft. Cameron Pass, Medicine Bow range, between Cache la Poudre and Michigan Creek, Larimer Co. ; alt. 10.300 ft. Camp Creek, North Park ; alt. 6,000 to 8,000 ft. Camp Creek, Routt Co., Buffalo Pass ; alt. 6,700 to 10,600 ft. Camp Creek, south of Gunnison ; alt. 7,400 to 10,000 ft. Camp Hardinge, near Pike's Peak. Campion's, on the North Poudre, Larimer Co. ; alt. about 7,800 ft. Canon City, Fremont Co. ; alt. 5,343 ft. Caribou, Boulder Co. ; alt. 9,912 ft. Carisa, Carriso, in the Navajo settlements; alt. 8,000 to 9,000 ft. Carlton Lake, Grand Co., near Grand Lake; alt. about 8,100 ft. Carson, Hinsdale Co., northeastern part (high). Cascade Cation, Pike's Peak ; alt. 7,409 ft. Cascade, seven miles west of Colorado Springs, El Paso Co., on Colorado Midland R. R. ; alt. 7,000 ft. Cassell's, northern part of Park Co. ; alt. about 9,000 ft. Castle Canon, Castle Gulch, east of Jamestown ; alt. 6,800 to 8,000 ft. Castle Rock, Douglas Co. ; alt. 6,219 ft. 420 GAZETTEER OF LOCAUTIES MENTIONED. Cedar Creek, Logan Co., tributary to Horsetail Creek. Montrose Co., tributary to Uncompabpre River; alt. 6,000 ft. Cedar Edge (Ccdarodpc), nortb central Delta Co.; alt. about 7,000 ft. Cedar Hills, nortborn part of Las Animas Co. ; alt. about C.ooo ft. Central City, Gilpin Co., on U. P. D. & G. R. R. ; alt. 8.515 ft. Cerro Suminit. Montrose Co., between Cimarron and Montrose; alt. 7,964 ft. Chamber's Lake, bead of Poudre River, Larimer Co.; alt. 9,100 ft. Cherokee Hill, near Livermore, Larimer Co. ; alt. 7,000 to 8,000 ft. Cherry Creek, tributary of Soutb Platte, near Denver, on Divide between Platte and Arkansas Rivers ; alt. 5,000 to 7,700 ft. Cherry Creek, Montezuma Co., tributary to Rio de la Plata. Chester, Saguacbe Co., station on the D. & R. G. R. R., between Salida and Gunnison ; alt. 9,397 ft. Cheyenne Canon, see North and South Cheyenne Canons, Pike's Peak; alt. about 6,000 to 9,000 ft. Cheyenne Mountain, southeast of Pike's Peak; alt. 9,407 ft. Cheyenne IVells, Cheyenne Co., on the U. P. R. R. ; alt. 4,279 ft. Chicago Lakes, six miles southeast of Georgetown, north slope of Mt. Evans; alt. 11,500 ft. Chicken Creek, west of La Plata Mountains, Montezuma Co. ; alt, 7,000 to 9,000 ft. Cimarron Creek, see Little Cimarron River; alt. 6,900 to 14,000 ft. Cimarron River, a tributary of Arkansas River, flowing through southeastern Colorado; alt. about 3,600 to 7,500 ft. Most references are to the Little Cimarron, or Cimarron Creek, Cimarron Station, on the D, & R. G. R. R., at the junction of the Little Cimarron and the Gunnison ; alt. 6,906 ft. Cipango Hill, Larimer Co., west of Stove Prairie ; alt. about 8,000 ft. Clark's Peak, Larimer Co., near Chamber's Lake ; alt. 13,800 ft. Sometimes locally called Cameron Peak from neighboring Cameron Pass. Clear Creek, a tributary of the South Platte River, at Denver; alt. 5,000 to 12,000 ft. A common name. Clear Creek Caiion, canon of Clear Creek, above Golden. Clear Lake, three miles south of Georgetown; alt. 9,870 ft. Cochetopa Pass, Saguache Co., between Cochetopa Creek and Saguache River ; alt. 10,032 ft. Coffee Pot Spring, Cofifee Pot Gulch, southeast Garfield Co. ; alt. above 10,600 ft. Colorado City, El Paso Co., between Colorado Springs and Manitou ; alt. 6,110 ft. Colorado College, Colorado Springs ; alt. about 6,200 ft. Colorado Springs, El Paso Co., near Pike's Peak; alt. 6,098 ft. Columbine, Routt Co., near Hahn's Peak ; alt. 8,000 ft. Columbine, Larimer Co., northern part of Estes Park; alt. about 8,000 ft. Como, Park Co., South Park ; alt. 9.787 ft. Conejos River, a tributary of the Rio Grande del Norte; alt. from 7,300 to summit of range. Corral Creek, Grand Co., a tributary of the Grand River. Cottonwood Creek, Fremont Co., a tributary of the Arkansas River. Cottonwood Creek, near Buena Vista, Chaffee Co. A very common name. Cottonwood Lake, near Buena Vista ; alt. 9,977 ft. Cowdry, formerly Pinkhampton, Nortb Park ; alt. 8,200 ft. Cozzens, near Berthoud Pass. Middle Park. Craig, Routt Co., on Beaver River; alt. 6,050 ft. Crags, The, northwest of Pike's Peak; alt. 10.500 ft. Crested Butte, Gunison Co. ; alt. 8,896 ft. Cripple Creek Road, Teller Co. (to Colorado Springs) ; alt. 6,098 to 9,400 ft. Cripple Creek, Teller Co. ; alt. 9.400 ft. Crow Creek, Weld Co., a plains tributary of South Platte River from north of Cheyenne ; alt. 4,500 to 6,000 ft. Crystal Creek, north of Glen Eyrie, near Manitou ; probably 6,000 to 8,000 ft. Crystal Creek, near Ouray; alt. 7,000 to 9,000 ft. GAZETTEER OF LOCALITIES MENTIONED. 421 Crystal Park, between Manitou and Bear Creek Canon ; alt. about 8,500 ft. Cucharas River, a tributary of Huerfano River; alt. 5,100 to summit of range. Cumberland Mine, east La Plata Mountains; alt. about 12,300 ft. Cumbres, Conejos Co., on the D. & R. G. R. R., between Alamosa and Du- rango at the summit of the San Juan Range; alt. 10,015 ft. Custer Butte ; alt. about 9,000 ft. Dale Creek, northern Larimer Co. ; alt. 7,500 ft. DaniUno Creek, tributary of Encampment Creek, northwest North Park; alt. about 10,000 ft. Dark Canon, near Pike's Peak. Dark Canon, Gunnison Co., south of Ragged Mountain ; alt. 8,500 ft. Dead Lake, Pike's Peak, on divide between Beaver and Bear Creeks, south- east of summit ; alt. 10,800 ft. Deadman's Canon, south of Cheyenne ^fountain ; alt. about 6,500 ft. Deep Creek Lake, Garfield Co. ; alt. about 10,000 ft. Deep Creek Lake, Routt Co. ; alt. about 9,000 ft. Deep Creek, Routt Co., a tributary of Williams' Fork of Yampa River. Deep Creek, San Juan Co. ; alt. 10,000 to 12,500 ft. Deer River; alt. about 4,700 ft. Deer Creek, exceedingly common name. Deer Run, Mesa Co., station on D. & R. G. R. R. between Delta and Grand Junction ; alt. 4,697 ft. Delta, near mouth of Uncompahgre River; alt. 4,980 ft. Democrat Mountain, northwest of Georgetown; alt. 11,400 ft. Denver, alt. 5,198 ft. Devil's Causcivay. on the headwaters of Yampa River; alt. 6,182 ft. Dillon Cation, Trinidad Co. ; alt. about 7,000 ft. Dillon, Summit Co. ; alt. 8,859 ft. Dix, La Plata Co. ; alt. 7,500 ft. Dixon Canon, near Fort Collins ; alt. 5,500 to 6,500 ft. Dolores, Montezuma Co. ; alt. 6,957 ft. Dome Rock, Platte Canon; alt. 6,211 ft. Dome Rock Valley, near Platte Cafion ; alt. about 6,000 ft. Douglas Mountain, Clear Creek Co.; alt. 9,552 ft. Doyle, Gunnison Co.. station on D. & R. G. R. R. ; alt. 8,047 ft. Doyle's Ranch, on Huerfano River; alt. 4.715 ft. Dry Creek, Larimer Co. ; alt. 5,000 to 7,000 ft. Locally applied to any inter- mittent stream with storm flow. Very common. Dumont, Clear Creek Co., between Georgetown and Idaho Springs; alt. 7,938 ft. Diirango, La Plata Co. ; alt. 6,520 ft. Eads, Kiowa Co., on the Mo. Pac. R. R. ; alt. 4,707 ft. Eagle Cliff, head of Park Hill, Estes Park, Larimer Co. ; alt. 8,300 ft. Eagle River, a tributary of the Grand; alt. 6,100 to 10.000 ft. East Indian Creek, a tributary of Cucharas River, Huerfano Co. ; alt. 7,000 to 10,500 ft. East River, Gunnison Co., a tributary of Taylor River. East River, Teller Co. Echo Carwn, Lake Co., west of Twin Lakes ; alt. about 10,000 ft. Echo Creek, near La Veta, a tributary of Cucharas River. Echo Creek, west of La Plata Mountains; alt. 9,500 to 11,000 ft. Egeria Park, on Egeria Creek, Routt Co. ; alt. 8,000 to 10,000 ft. Eldora, Boulder Co. ; alt. 8.543 ft. Elizabeth, Elbert Co. ; alt. 6,300 ft. Elk Canon, on Elk River, Routt Co. ; alt. 8.000 ft. Elk River, Routt Co., a tributary of Bear River. El Late, see Sierra el Late, Montezuma Co. ; alt. 9,840 ft. Empire, Clear Creek Co. ; alt. 8.603 ft. Empire Pass, between Georgetown and Empire; alt. about same as Empire. Encampment Meadozv, northwest of North Park, on Grand Encampment Creek; alt. 8,171 ft. 422 GAZETTEER OF LOCALITIES MENTIONED. Engclmann Canon, near Pike's Peak; alt. about cS.ooo ft. Engineer Mountain, San Juan Co.; alt. 13,190 ft. Eslcs Parle, Larimer Co. ; alt. 7.500 and upward to 8.500 ft. Ethel Peak. Larimer Co., Park Range; alt. 11,976 ft. Fish Creek, North Park, Larimer Co. ; also near Virginia Dale, Larimer Co. Fish Creek, Routt Co., a tributary of Bear River. Common name. Fish Creek Falls, on Fish Creek, Roult Co. ; alt. about 9,000 ft. Flat Top Mountain, Routt Co., also west of Estes Park; alt. 13,000 ft. Floral Mountain, northeast of Berthoud Pass; alt. 12.378 ft. Florence, Fremont Co., on the Arkansas River; alt. 5,199 ft. Florissant, Teller Co.; alt. 8,177 ft- Fontaine qui Bouille River, tributary of Arkansas, at Pueblo; alt. 4,700 to 9,000 ft. Fontaine qui Bouille Valley, from Colorado Springs south to Pueblo; alt. 4,600 to 6.000 ft. Forester's Ranch, Larimer Co., on La Garde Creek, near Wyoming line; alt. 7,500 ft. Fort Collins, Larimer Co.; alt. (Agr'l. College) 4,994 ft. Fort Garland, San Luis Valley; alt. 7,937 ft. Fortification Peak, near Craig, Routt Co. ; alt. 7,668 ft. Fort Lyon (near Las Animas), Bent Co.; alt. about 3,910 ft. Fort Morgan, Morgan Co. ; alt. 4,319 ft. Fossil Beds, Fremont Co., south of Cripple Creek; alt. 6,000 ft. Fossil Creek, Larimer Co., four miles south of Fort Collins; alt. 4,800 to 6,000 ft. Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co., near Four-Mile Creek; alt. 7,500 to 9,000 ft. Franklin, Las Animas Co., north of Trinidad ; alt. 6,272 ft. Garden of the Gods, north of Manitou ; alt. 6,500 to 7,000 ft. Gardner, Huerfano Co., on Huerfano River; alt. about 7,000 ft. Garland, five miles from Fort Garland, Costilla Co.; alt. 8,112 ft. Goto, on D. & N. W. R. R., Boulder Co. ; alt. 8,000 ft. Goto Creek, west side San Luis Valley, Conejos Co.; alt. 8,000 to 10,000 ft. Gentian Ridge, Pike's Peak. Georgetown, Clear Creek Co. ; alt. 8,488 ft. Gibbs' Peak, Custer Co. ; alt. 12,200 ft. Glen Eyrie, five miles from Manitou, north of Garden of Gods ; alt. about 6,500 ft. Glen Mountain Falls, near Pike's Peak. Glenwood Springs, Garfield Co. ; alt. 5,758 ft. Golden, Jefferson Co., on Clear Creek ; alt. 5.667 ft. Goose Creek, Mineral Co., tributary to Rio Grande ; alt. about 9,000 ft. Gore Pass, across Gore Mountains, border between Grand and Routt Co.. east of Egeria Park; alt. about 9,600 ft. Graham's Park, on D. & R. G. R. R. ; alt. 10,605 ft. Granada, Prowers Co. ; alt. 3,493 ft. Grand Canon, Canon of the Arkansas River; alt. 5,500 to 6,000 ft. Grand Lake, Middle Park; alt. 8.153 ft. Grand Mesa, table land between Mesa and Delta counties; alt. 9,000 to 10,000 ft. Grand Junction, Mesa Co., on Grand River, at the junction of the Gunnison; alt. 4,594 ft- Grand River, the principal river of western Colorado, forming, with the Green, the Colorado River of the West; alt. 4,500 to 11,000 ft. Granite, station on the D. & R. G. R. R., in Chafifee Co. ; alt. 8,930 ft. Grant Lake (probably Clear Lake, south of Georgetown). Grayback Mining Camps, near Grayback, Sangre de Cristo Range, east of Sierra Blanca ; alt. 9,000 to 10.000 ft. Graymont, Clear Creek Co. ; alt. 9,783 ft. Gray's Peak, Front Range, Clear Creek Co. ; alt. 14,341 ft. Grecian Bend, Pike's Peak. Greeley, Weld Co., on Poudre River; alt. about 4,600 ft. GAZETTEER OF LOCALITIES MENTIONED. 423 Green, North Park; alt. 8.200 ft. Greenhorn Mountains, Pueblo and Huerfano counties; alt. 12,340 ft. Green Mountain Falls, on the Midland R. R., El Paso Co., northwest of Pike's Peak ; alt. 7,700 ft. Green River, northwest Colorado, unites with the Grand; alt. in Colorado about 5,000 ft. Gregory Canon (Gregorio River, San Luis) ; alt. 8,500 ft. Grizzly Creek, Larimer Co., in North Park, a tributary of the North Platte; alt. 9,500 ft. Grizzly Creek, also five miles up the Grand from Glenwood Springs. Grizzly Gulch, west side North Park ; alt. about 8,500 ft. Gunnison, Gunnison Co. ; alt. 7,683 ft. Gypsum, Eagle Co., station on D. & R. G. R. R. ; alt. 6,310 ft. Gypsum Creek Canon, Eagle Co., a tributary of Eagle River; alt. about 6,000 ft. Halfmoon Creek, Lake Co., a tributary of the Arkansas River, southwest of Leadville; alt. 9.600 to 12,000 ft. Halfway House, on Pike's Peak Cog Road; alt. 8,400 ft. Hamor's Lake, north of Durango; alt. about 9,000 ft. Hahn's Peak, Park Range, Routt Co. ; alt. 10,906 ft. Happy Hollow, fifteen miles west of Fort Collins; alt. about 6,500 ft. Hardin's Ranch, north of Manhattan, Larimer Co. ; alt. about 7,800 ft. Hayden, Routt Co. ; alt. 7,500 ft. Hayden's Ranch, Lake Co., station on the D. & R. G. R. R. ; alt. 9,141 ft. Hebron, Larimer Co., North Park; alt. 8,200 ft. Hematite (Hematite Gulch, San Juan Co., east of Silverton) ; alt. 10,000 to 12,500 ft. Hermosa, La Plata Co., between Durango and Silverton ; alt. 6,630 ft. Hill's Ranch, McElmo Creek, Montezuma Co. ; alt. 5,000 to 8,000 ft. Higho, Larimer Co., near Lake John, North Park. Holdrcdgc Meadow, or Ranch, on Michigan River, North Park; alt. about 8,400 ft. Home P. O., Zimmerman's Ranch, Larimer Co., on Cache la Poudre ; alt. about 7,500 ft. Honnold, Routt Co., on Little Snake River, near Wyoming line; alt. 9,158 ft. Horseshoe Mountain, Summit Co., southeast of Leadville; alt. 13,912 ft. Horsetooth Gulch, near Horsetooth Mountain; alt. 5.500 to 6,500 ft. Horsetooth Mountain, seven miles southwest of Fort Collins; alt. 7,160 ft. Hortense Springs, Chaflfee Co., near Mt. Princeton; alt. 7,700 ft. Hotchkiss, Delta Co., between Delta and Paonia; alt. 5,369 ft. Hot Sulphur Springs, Grand Co., Middle Park; alt. 7,800 ft. Hovenweep Cation, Montezuma Co., canon of Yellow Jacket or Hovenweep Creek; alt. 6,300 ft. Hovenweep Castle, Montezuma Co. ; alt. 5,239 ft. Howe's Gulch, Larimer Co., west of Fort Collins; alt. 5,500 to 7,000 ft. Hubbard Creek, Delta Co. Huerfano, Huerfano Co., on Huerfano River; alt. 5,662 ft. Huerfano Valley, upper part of Huerfano River, between the Greenhorn Mountains and the Sangre de Cristo Range; alt. about 8,300 ft. Hughes' Lake, Ouray Co. ; alt. 7,500 ft. Hugo, Lincoln Co. ; alt. 5,068 ft. Idaho Springs, Clear Creek Co. ; alt. 7,550 ft. Ignacio, La Plata Co. ; alt. 6,437 ft. Indian Creek Pass, Culebra Range, from East Indian Creek to West Indian Creek; alt. 9,803 ft. lola, Gunnison Co., station on D. & R. G. R. R. ; alt. 7434 ft- Iron Mountain, east of Sierra Blanca, Huerfano Co.; alt. 11,000 ft. Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; alt. about 9,500 ft. Ivywild, Pike's Peak Cog Road; alt. about 7;500 ft. Jack Brook, Pike's Peak ; alt. 8,500 to 10,000 ft. Jack's Cabin, Gunnison watershed, station on D. & R. G. R. R., between Gun- nison and Crested Butte; alt. 8,294 ft. ■±-■1 GAZETTEER OF LOCALITIES MENTIONED. James' Peak. Gilpin Co., Front Range; alt. 13.^83 ft. (Name originally given to Pikc'.s Peak.) Jefferson, Park Co.. South Park; alt. 9.502 ft. Johustou Cailon. Mesa Vcrdc, near Manco.s River; alt. 4,000 to 8,000 ft. Julesbitrg. Sedgwick Co., on South Platte River; alt. 3,458 ft. Kebler Pass, Gunnison Co.; alt. about 10,000 ft. Kelso Mouutaiii. southwest of Georgetown; alt. 13.423 ft. Keudall Basin, near Silverton. Krcmmliug. Grand Co., near Grand River; alt. 7,150 ft. Lafavette. Boulder Co.; alt. 5.'?oo ft. Lake City. Hinsdale Co. ; alt. 8,686 ft. Lake Joint, North Park ; alt. 8,200 ft. Lake Moraine, on Ru.xton Creek, Pike's Peak, east of summit; alt. 10.268 ft. Lamar, Prowers Co., on Arkansas River; alt. 3,592 ft. Lamb's Raneli, now Mills's, Long's Peak Inn, near Long's Peak; alt. 9.100 ft. La Plata Mountains. Montezuma Co. and La Plata Co.; alt. up to 14,342 ft. La Plata Peak, Saguache Range. Chaffee Co. ; alt. 14,302 ft. La Plata River, Montezuma Co., a tributary of the San Juan ; alt. 4.700 to 13.000 ft. La Porte, six miles northwest of Fort Collins; alt. about 5.200 ft. Laramie Plains, between Big Laramie River and Poudre tributaries; alt. 7,000 to 9.000 ft. Laramie River, Larimer Co.; alt. (from Wyoming line to Clark's Peak) 7,500 to 10,000 ft. La Pagosa. see Pagosa Springs. La Salle, Weld Co., on South Platte River; alt. 4.665 ft. Las Animas Pcrdidas, La Plata Co., a tributary of the San Juan. Las Animas Cation, caiion of Rio de las Animas; alt. 11,000 ft. La Veto, Huerfano Co.. on Cucharas River; alt. 7,024 ft. Leadville, Lake Co. ; alt. 10,200 ft. Lee's Lake, three miles west of Fort Collins ; alt. 5,100 ft. Leroux Creek, Delta Co., flows into North Fork of Gunnison River; alt. 5,300 to 11,000 ft. Leroux Park, Delta Co.; alt. 5,.300 to 8.000 ft. Little Beaver Creek, Larimer Co., flows into South Fork of Poudre River; alt. 8,000 ft. Little Cimarron River, flows into the Gunnison River; alt. 6,900 to 14.000 ft. Little Kate Basin, Basin Creek ; alt. about 10,500 ft. Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains ; alt. about same as above. Little South, a tributary of the Cache la Poudre, below the Rustic, Larimer Co.; alt. 6,500 to 11,000 ft. Little Veta Mountains, west of Veta Mountain, Huerfano Co. ; alt. about 10,000 ft. Livermore, Larimer Co., on North Poudre ; alt. 6,000 ft. Lone Pine Creek, Larimer Co., tributary of North Poudre; alt. 6,000 to 9,000 ft. Long Gulch, Larimer Co. ; also Boulder Co., on the St. Vrain ; a frequent name ; alt. about 7,500 ft. Longmont, Boulder Co.; alt. 4,947 ft. Long's Peak, Front Range, between Boulder and Larimer counties ; alt. 14,271 ft. Los Pinos, Conejos Co., on D. & R. G. R. R. ; alt. 9,622 ft. Loveland, Larimer Co., on Big Thompson ; alt. 4,984 ft. Lulu Pass, Larimer Co., east of Mt. Richtofen; alt. about 12,000 ft. Lyons, Boulder Co. ; alt. about 6.500 ft. McCoy, Eagle Co., on Grand River; alt. about 8,000 ft. McElmo Caiion. Montezuma Co., Canon of McElmo Creek, a tributary of San Juan River; alt. of creek at head, 7,000 ft.; at mouth, 4,566 ft. Mclntyre Creek, Larimer Co. ; alt. 7,000 to 10,000 ft. Mancos, Montezuma Co. ; alt. 7,008 ft. Manitou, east base of Pike's Peak; alt. 6,318 ft. GAZETTEER OF LOCALITIES MENTIONED. 425 Marshall Pass, D. & R. G. R. R., between the Arkansas and Gunnison water- sheds ; alt. 10,856 ft. Mason's River Front Farm, near Fort Collins, Larimer Co. ; alt. about 5,000 ft. Massif de l' Arapahoe, Arapahoe Peak; alt. 13,520 ft. Meadow Park, near Lyons, Boulder Co. ; alt. about 6,500 ft. Medicine Bozv Mountains, range east of North Park, Larimer Co. Highest peak is Clark's Peak; alt. 13,800 ft. Meeker, Rio Blanco Co.; alt. 6,182 ft. Mesa Verde, Montezuma Co., table land ; alt. 6,500 to 8,500 ft. Michigan River, North Park, a tributary of the North Platte River; alt. 8,000 to 11,000 ft. Middle Park, between the Front Range and Park Range and drained by Grand River. Miller's Ranch, see Tobe Miller; alt. about 5,300 ft. Minnehaha, on Ruxton Creek, near Pike's Peak; alt. about 8,400 ft. Minturn, Eagle Co., station on D. & R. G. R. R. ; alt. 7,825 ft. Montclair, Arapahoe Co., Denver suburb; alt. 5,400 ft. Monte Vista, Rio Grande Co., San Luis Valley; alt. 7,665 ft. Montezuma. Summit Co. ; alt. 10,295 ft. Montrose, Montrose Co., on Uncompahgre River; alt. 5,811 ft. Monument, station on D. & R. G. R. R., El Paso Co. ; alt. 6,974 ft. Monument Park, El Paso Co., near Edgerton Station; alt. about 8,000 ft. Moon's Ranch, west of Fort Collins ; alt. 7,500 ft. Moraine, Sprague's, Estes Park; alt. 8.000 ft. Morrison, Jefferson Co., on Bear Creek; alt. 5,765 ft. Mosquito Pass, east of Leadville ; alt. 13,700 ft. Mt. Abram, near Ouray; alt. 12,790 ft. Mountain Viczv, on Pike's Peak Cog Road; alt. about 10,000 ft. Mt. Antero, Saguache Range, Chaffee Co.; alt. 14,245 ft. Mt. Baldy, or Bald Mountain (a common local name), Larimer Co., west of Loveland ; alt. 7,000 ft. Larimer Co., east of Laramie River; alt. 11,250 ft. Boulder Co.; alt. 11,470 ft. Delta Co. ; alt. 10,632 ft. Near Pike's Peak; alt. about 12,300 ft. Sangre de Cristo Range, near Sierra Blanca; alt. 14,176 ft. Mt. Bartletf. Park Range, Summit Co. ; alt. about 13,500 ft. Mt. Bross, Middle Park, Park Range; alt. 14,100 ft. Mt. Elbert, Saguache Range, Lake Co. ; alt. 14,436 ft. Mt. Evans, west of Denver; alt. 14,260 ft. Mt. Garfield, near Pike's Peak; alt. 13,500 ft. Mt. Harvard, Saguache Range, Chaffee Co. ; alt. 14,375 ft. Mt. Hayden, near Ouray; alt. 13,100 ft. Mt. Hesperus, La Plata Mountains, Montezuma Co. ; alt. 13,376 ft. Mt. La Plata, or La Plata Peak, Saguache Range, Chaffee Co. ; alt. 14,302 ft. Mt. Lincoln. Park Range, Park Co.; alt. 14.297 ft. Mt. McClellan, Front Range, near Gray's Peak; alt. 13,423 ft. Mt. Massive, Saguache Range, Lake Co. ; alt. 14,271 ft. Mt. Ouray, Saguache Range, Chaffee Co.; alt. 14,055 ft. Mt. Princeton, Saguache Range. Chaffee Co.; alt. 14.199 ft. Mt. Richthofen, Medicine Bow Range, south of Cameron Pass, Larimer Co. ; alt. about 13,800 ft. Mt. Robinson, Summit Co., near Robinson; alt. 10,760 ft. Muddy River, Middle Park, flows into Grand River; alt. 7>ioo to 9,000 ft. Narrows, Cache la Poudre River, Larimer Co. ; alt. about 6,500 ft. Name given to a short box canon. Navajo Cafion. on Navajo Creek, a tributary of the Huerfano River; alt. 8,600 ft. Nepesta, Pueblo Co., on Arkansas River; alt. 4,394 ft. New Castle, Garfield Co., on Grand River; alt. 5.562 ft. New Windsor, western Weld Co. ; alt. 4.800 ft. 426 GAZETTEER OF LOCALITIES MENTIONED. North Cheyenne Canon, foot of Cheyenne Mountain, east of Pike's Peak; alt. 6,000 to ii,ooo ft. North Park, between Park Range and Medicine Bow Range, drained by North Platte River ; alt. 8,000 to 9,000 ft. North Park Range, between Larimer and Routt counties. Notch Mountain, part of Mt. Richtofen ; alt. about 13,000 ft. Also near Mt. of the Holy Cross. Oak Mesa, Delta Co. Ojo. at the foot of Veta Mountain, Huerfano Co. ; alt. about 8,000 ft. Olathe, Montrose Co. ; alt. 5,352 ft. Oro City, southeast of Leadville ; alt. about 10,800 ft. Ouray, Ouray Co. ; alt. 7,721 ft. Oivl Cafion, Canon of Owl Creek, North Park. Also at head of Hook and Moore Glade, near Fort Collins ; alt. about 5,600 ft. Pagosa Peak, San Juan Range, Mineral Co. ; alt. 12,674 ft. Pagosa Springs, Archuleta Co.; alt. 7,108 ft. Palisade, Mesa Co. ; alt. about 4,723 ft. Pallas, near southeast corner of Routt Co., on Bear River; alt. 8,700 ft. Palmer Lake, summit of Divide between Arkansas and South Platte water- shed. El Paso Co. ; alt. 7,237 ft. Palsgrave Canon; alt. about 9,000 ft. Pandora. San Miguel Co., southeast of Telluride; alt. 9,000 ft. Paonia. Delta Co., on North Fork of Gunnison River; alt. about 5,500 ft. Park Range, west of North Park ; also divide between South Park and Arkan- sas River. Parlin, Gunnison Co., between Marshall Pass and Gunnison; alt. 7,937 ft. Parrott City, La Plata Co., between Durango and Mancos; alt. 8,633 ft. Pass Butte, near southeast corner Routt Co. ; alt. 8,265. Pass Creek, near Veta Pass ; alt. from 7,000 to 9,000 ft. Pass Creek, Saguache Co., flows into Cochetopa Creek; alt. 8,000 to 10,000 ft. Paxton Ranch, near Mancos; alt. about 7,000 ft. Pearl, North Park; alt. about 8,500 ft. Pennock's (Pennock's Ranch), about eight miles west of Fort Collins; alt. about 5,500 ft. Pennock's Mountain Ranch, off Rist Cafion Road; alt. about 8,000 ft. Penn's Gulch (Pennsylvania Gulch) (?), east of Georgetown. Peoria Creek; alt. about 6,000 ft. Piedra, Archuleta Co., on Rio Piedra; alt. 6,520 ft. Pike's Peak, El Paso Co.; alt. 14,108 ft. Pine Grove, on South Platte. Douglass Co. ; alt. 6,738 ft. Piney Creek, Eagle Co., a tributary of Eagle River; alt. about 7,500 ft. Pingree Hill, Larimer Co., near Manhattan ; alt. 7,000 to 8,200 ft. Pinkham Creek, Larimer Co., North Park; alt. 8,400 ft. Pinkhampton (now Cowdry), Larimer Co., North Park; alt. 8,400 ft. Pitkin, Gunnison Co. ; alt. 9,192 ft. Placer, Costilla Co., on Sangre de Cristo Creek; alt. about 8,000 ft. Pleasant Valley, northeast of Greeley; alt. 4,800 ft. Pleasant Valley, also northwest of Fort Collins; alt. about 5,200 ft. Poncha Pass, between the Arkansas River and the San Luis Rivef, D. & R. G. R. R. ; alt. 8.945 ft. Porter, La Plata Co., near Durango; alt. 7,009 ft. Poudre Canon, Canon of Cache la Poudre River, Larimer Co. ; alt. 6,000 to 7,000 ft. Poudre River, see Cache la Poudre River. Poverty Ridge, near Cimarron ; alt. about 8,500 ft. Pueblo, Pueblo Co. ; alt. 4,672 ft. Purgatoire, or Purgatory River, or Las Animas River, a tributary of the Arkansas River, Las Animas, Otero and Bent counties ; alt. 3,800 to 6,000 ft. Quail Creek, near Steven's Mine, Graymont, Clear Creek Co. ; alt. up to 11,000 ft. GAZETTEER OF LOCALITIES MENTIONED. 427 Queen's Canon, near William's Canon, Manitoii. Quiniby, Arapahoe Co., north of Denver; alt. about 5,000 ft. Rabbit Ear Pass; alt. about 9,000 ft. Rabbit Ear Range, portion of Continental Divide, south of North Park. Rabbit Ears, peaks southwest part North Park, Larimer Co. ; alt. 10,719 ft. Ragged Mountain, Gunnison Co.; alt. 11,700 ft. Raton Mountains, southeast of Trinidad; alt. 9,600 ft. Recapture Creek, Montezuma Co.; alt. 4,446 ft. at mouth. Redcliff, Eagle Co. ; alt. 8,608 ft. Red Dirt Divide (near Middle Park), Routt Co.; alt. about 8,000 ft. Red Mountain, south of Ouray; alt. 12,865 ft- Red Mountain Road, south of Ouray; alt. 8,0000 to 12,300 ft. Red River, northern part Larimer Co., near Laramie River; alt. 7,100 ft. Red Rock Canon, Las Animas Co. ; alt. 5,000 ft. Red Rock Canon, Dolores River; alt. 6,900 to 8,700 ft. Red Rock Canon, near Pike's Peak ; alt. 4,000 to 9,000 ft. Redstone, Larimer Co. ; alt. 5,500 to 6,000 ft. Redstone, Pitkin Co., near Carbondale. Rico, Dolores Co.; alt. 8,737 ft. Ridgeway, or Ridgzvay, Ouray Co. ; alt. 7,500 ft. RiHe, Garfield Co. ; alt. 5,310 ft. Rio Blanco, Archuleta Co., flows into the San Juan; alt. 7,500 to 11,500 ft. Rio Florido, La Plata Co.; alt. 6,100 to 11,000 ft. Rio Grande, or Rio Grande del Norte, rises in San Juan Mountains; alt. in Colorado, 7,300 to 12,400 ft. Rist Cation, west of Fort Collins ; alt. 5,000 to 6,800 ft. Roaring Fork, Larimer Co., flows into Cache la Poudre ; alt. 7,800 to 10,000 ft. Robinson, Summit Co., near Fremont Pass; Fremont Pass is alt. 11,330 ft. Robinson, Bent Co. ; alt. 4,007 ft. Rocky Ford, Otero Co.; alt. 4,180 ft. Rogers. Rogers Mesa, Gunnison Co., station between Crested Butte and Florence. Also station between Delta and Paonia; alt. 5,443 ft. Roubideau Pass, northwest of Sangre de Cristo Pass, from Huerfano Park to San Luis Valley; alt. about 8,000 ft. Rosita, Custer Co. ; alt. 8,500 ft. Roswell, El Paso Co., north of Colorado Springs; alt. 6,073 ft. Royal Gorge, narrowest and deepest part of the Canon of the Arkansas River; alt. 5,500 to 6,000 ft. Ruby, Gunnison Co., above Crested Butte; alt. 10,500 ft. Ruby, Mesa Co., west of Grand Junction ; alt. about 4,500 ft. Rustic, Larimer Co., on the Poudre, foot of Pingree Hill; alt. 7,000 ft. Ruxton Dell, on Ruxton Creek, Pike's Peak ; alt. about 9,000 ft. Ruxton Park, on Ruxton Creek, Pike's Peak ; alt. about 9,000 ft. Ruxton Ridge, Pike's Peak ; alt. about 9,000 ft. Saddle, on Pike's Peak Cog Road ; alt. 13,000 ft. Saddle Mountain, Park Co. ; alt. 10,815 ft. Saguache, Saguache Co. ; alt. 7.723 ft. Saguache Creek, or River, a tributary of San Luis River, Saguache Co.; alt. 7,500 to 13,000 ft. Saguache Range, separating the Arkansas from the Grand River and Gun- nison watersheds; extending from Tennessee Pass to near Salida; alt. to 14,400 ft. Salida, Chaffee Co. ; alt. 7>050 ft. Sand Creek Pass, Larimer Co., between North Park and Laramie watersheds ; alt. about 7,400 ft. • , ^ Sangre de Cristo Creek, a tributary of Trinchera River, Costilla Co., near Veta Pass ; alt. about 9,000 ft. Sangre de Cristo Range, separates San Luis Valley from Arkansas Valley; alt. to 14,400 ft. San Juan Pass; alt. 12,000 ft. 428 GAZETTF.F.R OF LOCALITIFS MENTIONED. San Juan Valley, Montezuma Co. Sail Luis Valley, around San Luis River and the upper Rio Grande; alt. 7,500 to 8,000 ft. Sapitiero, Gunnison Co., between Gunnison and Montrose; alt. 7,240 ft. Sargent's, Saguache Co.. on D. & R. G. R. R., between Marshall Pass and Gunnison ; alt. 8,462 ft. Seven Lakes, near Pike's Peak ; alt. 10,800 ft. Sheep Creek. Larimer Co., empties into North Fork Cache la Poudre; alt. about 8,500 ft. Sheephorn Divide, southwest of Middle Park ; alt. 6.900 ft. Sheephorn Divide. North Park. Shenvood. Eagle Co. ; alt. 6.900 ft. Sherzvood's Ranch, (Glen Eyre) Larimer Co., on the Laramie; alt. about 7.800 ft. Sierra Blanca. Sangre de Cristo Range. Costilla and Huerfano counties; alt. 14,483 ft. Sierra Madre Range, name given by Fremont to Main Range from George- town south. Sierra Sangre de Crista, or Sangre de Cristo Range, separates the San Luis from the Fluerfano and Arkansas watersheds, Saguache Co. Many high peaks, the highest 14,483 ft. Silver Plume, Clear Creek Co.; alt. 9,188 ft. Silverton, San Juan Co. ; alt. 9,201 ft. Slide Rock Cation, west of La Plata mountains, north of Mt. Hesperus, alt. 10,000 to 12,000 ft. Smith's Fork. Delta Co., tributary of the Gunnison ; alt. 7.000 ft. Soda Creek, Routt Co., a tributary of Bear river. Soldier Cation, west of Fort Collins ; alt. 5,000 ft. South Boulder Caiioti, near Boulder ; alt. 5,600 ft. upward. South Cheyetme Canoti, foot of Cheyenne Mountain, southeast of Pike's Peak; alt. 6.000 to 10.000 ft. South Cottonzc'ood Gulch. Chaflfee Co., near Buena Vista; alt. about 10,500 ft. South Park, between the Park Range and the Front and Rampart ranges, drained by South Platte river. South Table Mountain, southeast of Golden; alt. 6,250 ft. Spanish Peaks, Huerfano Co.. two isolated peaks near Culebra Range; alt. west Spanish Peak. 13,620; east Spanish Peak alt., 12.720 ft. Spicer, Larimer Co., on Grizzly Creek; alt. about 9.000 ft. Sprague's, Moraine P. O.. Estes Park ; alt. about 8,000 ft. Squaiv Hill, Montrose Co. ; above Cimarron ; alt. 7,000 to 8,500 ft. State Bridge, Costilla Co.. east of Antonito, Rio Grand ; alt. 7,348 ft. State Bridge, Grand River, east of Delta ; alt. about 5,000 ft. Steamboat Springs, Routt Co. ; alt. 6,500 ft. Steele Canon, near Villa Grove. Stephen's Mine, near Gray's Peak, at timberline; alt. 11,500 ft. Sterlitig, Logan Co. ; alt, 3,922 ft. Stove Prairie, Larimer Co.. beyond Rist Canon ; alt. 7,600 ft. Stove Prairie Hill, head of Rist Canon ; alt. about 8,000 ft. St. Vrain Cation. Canon of St. Vrain Creek, Boulder Co. ; a tributary of the South Platte River. Sugar Loaf Mountain. Eagle and Summit counties; alt. 12,556 ft. Sulphur Springs. Grand Co. ; many in various parts of the state. Sunset Catloti. near Sunset, Boulder Co. ; alt. at Sunset, 7.707 ft. Sunshine, Boulder Co. ; alt. 12,945 ft. Swallozvs. on Arkansas River, between Pueblo and Caiion City; alt. 4,863 ft. Sydney, or Sidney, Routt Co., on Bear River. Table Rock, east of Palmer Lake; alt. 7,150 ft. Taylor River, Gunnison Co.; alt. 8,000 to 11,000 ft. Teller, an abandoned mining camp, south of North Park; alt. about 9,000 ft. Telluride, San Miguel Co. ; alt. 8.756 ft. GAZETTEER OF LOCALITIES MENTIONED. 429 Tennessee Pass, near Leadville, between the watersheds of the Arkansas and Eagle rivers ; ah. 10,240 ft. Thompson's Canon, Long's Peak, drained by Thompson Creek; ah. 5,500 to 6,000 ft. • Thompson's Park, west of Dix, La Plata Co. ; alt. 7,576 ft. Tie Siding, upper waters of Fish Creek, Wyoming, near Larimer Co. line; alt. 7,800 ft. Timnath, Eastern Larimer Co. ; alt. 4,875 ft. Tohe Miller's Ranch, near La Porte, Larimer Co. ; alt. about 5,300 ft. Tomiehi River, tributary to Gunnison River; alt. 7,600 to about 11,000 ft. Trail Creek, Larimer Co., a tributary of North Poudre ; alt. 6,500 to 7,500 ft. Trail Creek, on Pike's Peak, El Paso Co. Trail Glen, Pike's Peak ; alt. about 9,000 ft. Trapper's Lake, Garfield Co.; alt. 11,000 ft. Trimble Hot Springs, La Plata Co., near Durango ; alt. 7,000 ft. Trinidad, Las Animas Co. ; alt. 5,994 ft. Troublesome, Grand Co., near Troublesome Creek; alt. about 7.300 ft. Troublesome Creek, Grand Co., a tributary of the Grand River; alt 7,300 ft. to 11,500 ft. Turkey Creek, a tributary of Huerfano River. Turkey Creek, also a tributary of Arkansas River west of Pueblo, south of Mt. Rosa; alt. 5,000 to 11,000 ft. Twelve Mile Creek, Park Co., east of Weston Peak. Twin Lakes, Lake Co. ; alt. 9,367 ft. Uncompahgre Mountains, between Gunnison and Hinsdale counties. Uncompahgre Peak, Uncompahgre Mountains ; alt. 14,419 ft. Uncompahgre River, a tributary of the Gunnison River; alt. 4,000 to 7,000 ft. Ute Creek, Hinsdale Co., a tributary' of the Rio Grande. Ute Creek, Costilla Co., a tributary of Trinchera River. Ute Pass, west from Manitou, followed by Colorado Midland P. R. ; alt. 9,100 ft. Valley Spur, east of Pitkin, Gunnison Co., station on the C. & S. R. R. Valmont, Boulder Co.; alt. 5,200 feet. Valvcrde, Arapahoe Co., Denver suburb; alt. 5,212 ft. Van Boxle's Ranch, above Cimarron; alt. 4,000 to 8,000 ft. Vance Junction, San Miguel Co., near Telluride; alt. 8,101 ft. Veta, see La Veta. Veta Mountains, Huerfano Co.; alt. 11,176 ft. Veta Pass, between Cucharas and Trincheras watershed, Culebra Range; alt. 9,242 ft. Victoria, Larimer Co. ; alt. 8,000 to 9,000 ft. Villa Grove, Saguache Co. ; alt. 7,972 ft. Wagon Wheel Gap, Mineral Co., on the Rio Grande; alt. 8,449 ft. Wahatoya Cafion, between the two Spanish Peaks, Huerfano Co. ; alt. 6,489 ft. Walden, North Park, Larimer Co., on Coal Creek; alt. 8,050 ft. Walsenbiirg, Huerfano Co. ; alt. 6,187 ft. Walton Creek, Eastern Routt Co. ; alt. 6,800 ft. Ward, Boulder Co., on " Switzerland Trail ; " alt. 9,217 ft. Webster, Park Co., on C. & S. R. R. ; alt. 8,979. West Cliff, or Westell ffe, Custer Co.; alt. 7,861 ft. West Indian Creek, Costilla Co. West Mancos Cation, caiion of the Rio Mancos, Montezuma Co. Weston Pass, south southeast of Leadville; alt. 11,930 ft. West Spanish Peak, see Spanish Peaks. Westwater, Utah line, just west of Grand Junction. Whitehouse Mountain, west of Ouray; alt. 13,496 ft. White River Plateau, divide between White and Grand rivers; alt. 11,000. William's Canon, near Manitou; alt. about 7,500 ft. Willis Gulch, Gilpin Co., near Central City; alt. about 8,800 ft. Willow Creek, Routt Co. Willow Creek, Teller Co., souhwest of Cripple Creek. 430 GAZETTEER OF LOCALITIES MENTIONED. IViiidy Point, Pike's Peak Cog Road; alt. 12,300 ft. Wolcott, Eagle Co. : alt. 7,000 ft. JVood's Ranch, on Trail Creek, Larimer Co.; alt. about 7.500 ft. Wray, Viima Co.; alt. 3,512 ft. Yampa, Routt Co. ; alt. about 7,000 ft. Yuma, Yuma Co.; alt. 4,138 ft. Zada, or Zola, Routt Co., near Pass Butte (?) Zimmerman's, see Home P. O. INDEX. The English names are given in common small letters, the Latin generic names in italic, and the names of Tribes, Families, Orders, and the higher divisions, in small capitals. Abies, 9 Abronia, 122 Abutilon, 231 Acer, 226 AcERACE^, 226 Acerates, 270 Achillea, 382 Achyropappus, 377 Acnida, 121 Aconite, 139 Aconitum, 139 Acorus, 74 Acroanthes, 89 Acrolasia, 236 Actcoa, 13s Actinella, 379, 380 Acuan, 194 Adder's Mouth, 89 Adder's-tongue, 83 Adder's-Tongue Family, i Adelia, 264 Adenostegia, 318 Adopogon, 404 Adoxa, 324 Adoxace^, 324 ^gilops, 55 Agastache, 296 Agoseris, 407 Agrimonia, 189 Agrimony, 189 Agropyron, 52 Agrostide^, 23 Agrostis, 30 Alder, 97 Aletes, 252 Alexanders, 252 Alfalfa, 202 Alfilaria (Erodium) Alisma, 14 Alismace^, 14 Alismales, 13 Alkali-grass (Distichlis) Alliace^, 81 Allionia, 123 Allioniace^, 122 Allioniella, 123 Allium, 81 Allocarya, 288 Alnns, 97 Alopecnrus, 28 ALSiNACEiE, 127 Alsine, 127 Alsinopsis, 131 Alum-root, 172 Alyssum, 161 Amaranth, 120 Amaranthace^, 120 Amaranth Family, 120 Amaranthiis, 120 Amarella, 265 Amaryllidales, 86 Ambrosia, 328 AMBROSIACE.E, 327 Amelanchier, 191 American Cowslip, 263 American Ivy, 228 American Laurel, 260 Amm,ania, 240 Ammiace^, 250 Aniorpha, 212 Amphiophis , 19 Amsonia, 269 Amygdalace^, 193 Anaphalis, 370 Anchusa, 289 Androcera, 302 Andropogon, 19, 20 Andropogonece, 19 Androsace, 261 Anemone, 140 Anemone, 140 Angelica, 255 Angelica, 253, 255 AnGIOSPERM^, II Anisolotus, 202 Anogra, 244 Antennaria, 367 Anticlea, 76 Anthemide^, 382 Anthemis, 382 Antheropogon, 36 Anthopogon, 265 Aphyllon, 320 Apinus, 8 Aplopappus, 343, 346 Apocynace^, 269 Apocynum, 269 Apple Family, 191 431 432 INDEX. Aqtiilegia. 136 Arabis, 164, 166 Arace-e, 74 Aragallus, 212 Arales, 74 Aralia, 249 Archcmora, 254 Arctostaphylos, 259 Arcnaria, 130, 132 Argcmonc, 148 Argentina, 186 Argythamnia, 222 Aristida, 23 Arnica, 387 Arrow-head, 14 Arrow-grass, 14 Arrow-grass Family, 14 Arrow-leaf {Balsamorrhiza) Arrow-wood, 323 Artemisia, 382 Arum Family, 74 ASCLEPIADACE^, 27O ASCLEPIADALES, 269 Asclepias, 270 Asclepiodora, 271 Ash, 264 Ash, Mountain, 193 Ash, Water, 221 Ash-leaved Maple, 227 Aspen, 91 Asplenium, 4, 5 Aster, 351 Aster, 350, 351, 357 AsTEREwE, 337 Astragalus, 203-212 Atelophragma, 205 Athyrimn, 4 Atragene, 141 A triplex, 116 Aulospermum, 253 y4^'^«a, 34 AvENEyE, 33 Avens, 187 Avens, Mountain, 188 Bacharis, 366 Bahia, 2,77 Ball-cactus, 237 Balsam Apple, 325 Balsam Fir, 9 Balsamorrhiza, 372 Balsam-root, 372 Balsams, 9 Bane-berry, 135 Barbarea, 160 Barberry, 148 Barberry Family, 148 Barnyard-grass, 21 Barley, 55 Bartonia, 236 Basil-weed, 209 Bastard Toad-flax, loi Batrachium, 142 Bear-berry, 259 Beard-grass, 20, 30 Beard-tongue, 306 Beckmannia, 35 Bedstraw, 321 Beech Family, 97 Beech-Fern, 2 Beggar-ticks, 375 Bell-flower, 325 Bell-flower Family, 325 Bell-rue, 141 Belvisia, 5 Bent-grass, 30 Berberidace^, 148 Berberis, 148 Bergamot, Wild, 298 Berthelotia, 367 Bernla, 253 Besseya, 313 Betula, 96 BETULACEiE, g6 Bidens, 375 Bigelovia, 341, 343 Bilberry, 260 Bindweed, 273 Birch, 96 Birch Family, 96 Bird's-foot Trefoil, 202 Bistort, 112 Bistort a, 112 Bitter-cress, 163 Bitter-root, 126 Blackberry, 180 Black Grama, 20 Black Henbane, 303 Black-eyed Susan, 371 Black Pine, 8 Black Saltwort, 264 Bladder-Fern, 3 Bladder-pod, 154 Bladder-pod, Double, 154 Bladderwort, 319 Bladderwort Family, 319 Blanket-flower {Gaillardia) Blazing Star, 336 Blepharineuron, 28 Blite, Sea, 119 Blite, Strawberry, 116 B lit tun, 116 Blowball, 409 Bluebell, 325 Blue-berry, 260 Blue Flag, 86 Blue-grass, 40 Blue-eyed Grass, 86 Blue-eyed Mary, 305 Blue Flag (Iris) INDEX. 433 Blue-joint, 31 Blue Spruce, 8 Blue-stem, 20 Blue Tulip (Pulsatilla) Bcebera, 381 Bog Orchid, 88 Borage Family, 284 BoraginacejE, 284 Botrychium, i Bottle-brush, 249 Boutelona, 36 Boykinia, 173 Box-elder, 227 Brachyactis, 350 Bracken, 3 Bramble, 180 Brassica, 160 Brassicace>5:, 150 Braiineria, 371 Bread-root, Indian, 213 Brickellia, 336 Brier, 190 Brittonastrum, 296 Briza, 40 B ramus, 51 Brooklime, 312 Broom-grass, 19, 51 Broom-rape, 320 Broom-rape Family, 319 Buchloe, 37 Buckbean, 268 Buckbean Family, 268 Buckthorn, 227 Buckthorn Family, 227 Buckwheat, False, 113 Buckwheat Family, loi Buffalo Beans, 202 Buffalo-berry, 239 Buffalo-grass, 37 Buffalo-grass, False, 37 Bug-seed, 119 Bulbilis, 2,7 Bull Pine, 7 Bull-rush, 58 Bunch-berry, 249 Bunch-flower Family, 76 Bunch-grass, 19, 40 Bur-grass, 22 Bur-marigold, 375 Bur-reed, 11 Bur-reed Family, 1 1 Bursa, 153 Butter-and-eggs, 305 Butter-cup, 142 Cabbage, 160 Cactace^, 237 Cactus, 2Z7 .Cactus Family, 237 ' Calamagrostis, 31 28 Calamovilfa, 32 Calamus, 74 Calceolaria, 234 Callirrhoe, 229 Callitrichace^, 225 Callitriche, 22$ CALOCHORTACE^ffi, 85 Calochortus, 85 Caltha, 13s Caltrop Family, 220 Calypso, 89 Calypso, 89 Camass, Death, 77 Camass, Poison, 77 Campanula, 325 Campanulace^, 325 Campanulales, 325 Campion, 132 Canada Fleabane, 366 Canary-grass, 22 Cancer-root, 320 Cane-grass (Phragmites) Canchalagua, 265 CannabinacEvE, 100 Cantua, 279 Caper Family, 168 Capnoides, 149 Capparidace^, 168 Caprifoliace^, 323 Caraway, 251 Cardaniine, 163 Cardaria, 151 Cardinal-flower, 326 Carduace^, 329 Carduales, 327 Carduus, 398 Carex, 60 Carpet-weed (Chamcesyce) Carpet-weed Family, 124 Carrion-flower, 86 Carrot Family, 250 Carum, 251, 252 Caryophyllace^, 132 Caryopitys, 8 Cassia, 194 CassiacejE, 194 Castilleja, 314 Catabrosa, 39 Catchfly, 132 Catch-fly Grass, 22 Catnip, 297 Cat's-eye (Pulsatilla) Cat's-foot, 367 Catmint, 297 Cat-tail, II Cat-tail Family, 11 Ceanothus, 227 Cedar, Red, 9 Cedar, Rocky Mountain Red, Celastrace^, 226 434 INDEX. Celt is, 100 Cembra Pines, 8 Ccnclirus, 22 Centaury, 265 Ccrastium, 128 Ccrasus, 193 Ceratophyllace^, 134 Ceratopliyllum, 134 Ccrcocarpus, 189 Cereus, 238 Chccnactis, 378, 380 Chcctochloa, 21 Chamcrchccnactis, 380 Chamcrcrista, 194 Chamanerion, 241 Cliaiucrrliodos, 187 Chaincrsaracha, 302 Chaniccsyce, 222 Cheat {Bromus) Cheilanthes, 3 Cheiranthus, 159 Chenopodiace^, 113 ClIENOPODIALES, II3 Chenopodium, 114 Cherries, 193 Chess, 51 Chick-weed, 127 Chick-weed, Mouse-ear, 12J Chick-weed Family, 127 Chicory, 404 Chicory Family, 402 Chimapliila, 258 Chionophila, 311 Chives, 81 Chlorides, 35 Chondrophylla, 266 C hry santhemum , 382 Chrysopogon, 20 Chrysopsis, 339 Chrysospleninm, 171 Chrysothamnus, 340 Chylisma, 247 CiCHORiACEiE, 402 Cichorium, 404 Cicuta, 252 Cinna, 30 Cinquefoil, 180 Cinqufoil, Shrubby, 187 Circaa, 248 Cirsium, 401 CiSTACE^, 232 Cladothrix, 121 Claytonia, 125, 126 Clematis, 141, 142 Cleome, 1 68 Cleomella, 168 Clementsia, 170 C lino podium, 299 Cloak-Fern, 4 Closed Gentian, 266 Clover, 200 Clover, Prairie, 215 Clover, Sweet, 202 Clubmoss, 6 Clubmoss Family, 6 Clubmoss, Little, 6 Club-rush, 58 Cnemidopliacos, 207 Cnicus, 400 Cockle (Vaccaria) Cocklebur, 329 Cock-spur, 22 Cockspur-grass, 21 Cccloglossum, 87 Coleogyne, 189 Coleosanthus, 335 Collinsia, 305 Collomia, 276, 279 Coloptera, 257 Colorado Rubber Plant, 380 Coltsfoot, Sweet, 387 Columbine, 136 Comandra, loi Comrnelina, 75 COMMELINACE^, 75 Cone-flower, 371, 372 Conioselintim, 255 Conringia, 166 CONVALLARIACEA^, 83 CONVOLVULACE^, 273 Convolvulus, 273 ,, Conyza, 366 Coral-berry, 323 Corallorrhisa, 90 Coral-root, 90 Cord-grass, 35 Coral-vine (Cuscuta) Cordylanthns, 318 Coreopsis, 374 Coriospermuni, 119 CoRNACEvE, 249 Cornel, 249 Cornelia, 249 Cornus, 249 CORRIGIOLACE^, 121 Corydalis, 149 CORYLACE^, 97 Cory his, 97 Cotton-grass, 58 Cottonwood, 91 Cotton-weed (Epilobium) Covillea, 221 Cow-bane, (Cicuta) Cow Cabbage (Heracleum) Cow Cockle {Vaccaria) Cow-herb, 134 Cow Parsnip (Heracleum) Cowslip, American, 263 Crab-grass, 20 Crab-grass, Wild, 36 INDEX. 435 Cranebill, 218 Crass in a, 371 Crassulace^, 169 Cratccgns, 192 Creeper, Virginia, 228 Creeping Juniper, 10 Creeping Wintergreen, 260 Creosote Brush, 221 Crepis, 404 CristateUa, 168 Crocus (Pulsatilla) Croton, 222 Crowfoot, 142 Crowfoot Family, 134 Crunocallis, 126 Cryptanthe, 289 Cryptogramma, 3 Ctenophyllum, 207 Cucurhita, 325 CUCURBITACE^, 325 Cudweed, 370 Currant, 176 Cuscuta, 272 CuscuTACE^, 272 Cut-grass, Rice, 22 Cut-leaved Water Parsnip, 253 Cycloloma, 116 Cymopterus, 252, 254, 257 Cynare^, 398 Cynomarathrum, 255 CyperacejE, 57 Cyperus, 58 Cypripedium, 87 Cyrtorrliyncha, 146 Cystiiim, 204 Cystopteris, 3 Cytherea, 89 Dactylis, 40 Daisy (Erigeron, Townsendia) Daisy, Ox-eye, 282 Dalea, 214 Dandelion, 409 Danthonia, 35 Death Camas (Toxicoscordion) Dasiphora, 187 Dasyochloa, 37 Dasystephana, 266 Datura, 303 Day-flower, 75 Delphinium, 137 Deschampsia, 33 Desmanthus, 194 Deweya, 252 Dew-flower, 75 Uc'i'eii.t-ia, 31, 32 Dichrophylhim, 224 Dicoria, 328 Dicotyledones, 91 Diholcos, 207 Diplachne, 38 Disporiim, 84 Distegia, 324 Distichlis, 40 Ditaxis, 222 Dithyrea, 154 Dock, 107 Dodder, 272 Dodder Family, 272 Dodecatheon, 263 Dogbane, 269 Dogbane Family, 269 Dog-tooth Violet, 83 Dog-wood, 249 Dog-wood Family, 249 Dondia, iig Double Bladder-pod, 154 Douglas Spruce, 8 Draba, 161 Drac^nace,^, 85 Dracocephalum, 297 Dragon's-head, 297 Dropseed, 29 Dry as, 189 Drymocallis, 187 Dryopteris, 2 Duck-weed, 74 Duck-weed Family, 74 Dugaldia, 381 Dulichiuni, 58 Dwarf Cornel, 249 Dysodia, 381 Eatonia, 39 Echinocactus, 2^7 Echinocereus, 238 Echinochloa, 21 Echinocystis, 325 Echinospermnm, 285 Edwinia, 176 El^agnace^, 239 Elatinace^, 231 Elatine, 231 Elder, 323 Elder, Marsh, 328 Eleocharis, 59 Elephantella, 318 Elephant's Head (Elephantella) Ellisia, 282 Elm Family, 100 Elodiace^, 15 Elymus, 56 Elyna, 60 Enchanter's Nightshade, 248 Engelmann Spruce, 8 Ephedra, 10 Ephedrace^, 10 Epilobiace^, 240 Epilobium, 241 Epipactis, 88 Equisetace^, 5 436 INDEX. Equisetales, s Equisctum, s Eragrostis, 38 EkicACEiC, 259 Ericales, 258 Erigcron, 359, 366 Eriocoma, 25 Eriogonum, loi Erioticuron, 37 Eriophorum, 58 Eritrichium, 286-289 Erodium, 219 Erocallis, 126 Erysimum, 159 Erythraea, 265 Erytlironitim, 83 Eschcnbachia, 366 Eucephalus, 351 Euklisia, 166 EuPATORiEiE, 335 Eitpatorium, 335 Euphorbia, 223-225 EuPHORBiACEiE, 222 EUPIIORBIALES, 221 Euploca, 284 Eurotia, 118 Eustoma, 265 Euthamia, 349 Evax, 367 Evening Primrose, 244 Evening Primrose Family, 240 Everlasting, 367, 370 Evolvidus, 273 Fabace^, 194 Fagace^, 97 Fagales, 96 Fairy Pink (Orthocarpus) Fallugia, 188 False Buckwheat, 113 False Buffalo-grass, 37 False Dragon's-head False Gromwell, 293 False Indigo, 213 False Mallow, 230 False Mermaid, 225 False Mermaid Family, 225 False Oats, 33 False Solomon's Seal, 84 Fame-flower, 125 Fendlera, 176 Fern Family, i Fern-worts, i Fescue-grass, 48 Festuca, 48 Festuce^, 37 Fetid Camomile, 382 Fetid Marigold, 381 Fig-wort, 30s Figwort Family, 304 Filago, 367 Filicales, I Filix, 3 Fimbristylis, 60 Fire-weed, 241 Fir, Balsam, 9 Fir, Red, 8 Fir, White, 9 Firs, 9 Fish-weed (Potamogeton) Five-finger, 180 Flag, Blue, 86 Flag, Sweet, 74 Flaveria, 381 Flax, 219 Flax Family, 219 Fleabane, 359 Fleur-de-Lis, 86 FIcerkia, 225 Forestiera, 264. Forget-me-not, 292 Forget-me-not, Mountain, 286 Forsellesia, 226 Four-o'clock, 123 Four-o'clock Family, 122 Fox-tail, 28 Fox-tail Grass, 21 Fox-tail Pine, 7 Fragaria, 186 Frangulace^, 227 Frankenia, 231 Frankeniace;e, 231 Franseria, 329 Frasera, 268 Fraxinus, 264 Fringed Gentian, 265 Fringed Loosestrife, 263 Fritillaria, 83 Fritillary, 83 Froelichia, 121 Frostweed, 232 Fumaria, 149 Fumariace^, 149 Fumitory, 149 Fumitory Family, 149 Gwrtneria, 328 Gaillardia, 381 Galege^, 195 Galingale,- 58 Galium, 321 Galpinsia, 246 Garlic, 81 Gaultheria, 260 Gaura, 247 Gaurella, 246 Gayophytum, 243 Geniste^, 195 Gentian, 265 Gentiana, 265-267 INDEX. 437 Gentianace^, 264 Gentianales, 264 Gentianella, 266 Gentian Family, 264 Geoprumnon, 202 GERANIACEiE, 2l8 Geraniales, 217 Geranium, 218 Geranium, 218 Geranium Family, 218 Gerardia, 314 Germander, 295 Geiim, 187, 188 Giant Bird's-nest, 258 Giant-hyssop, 296 Gilia, 276, 279 Glass-wort, 119 Glaux, 264 Glecoma, 297 Globe-flower, 135 Globe-mallow, 230 Glossopetalon, 226 Glyceria, 48 Glycosma, 251 Glycyrrhisa, 2x3 Glycyrrhize^, 196 GnaphaliEwE, 367 Gnaphalium, 370 Gnetales, 10 Goat's Beard, 404 Golden Aster, 339 Golden Rod, 346 Golden Saxifrage, 171 Goodyeara, 89 Gooseberry, 176 Gooseberry Family, 176 Goosefoot, 114 Goosefoot Family, 113 Goose-tansy, 186 Gourd, 325 Gourd Family, 325 Grama, 36 Grama, Black, 20 Grape Family, 228 Grapes, 228 Grapes, Oregon, 148 Graphephorum, 34, 38 Gratiola, 312 Grass Family, 15 Grass-of-Parnassus, 175 Grass-of-Parnassus Family, 175 Grayia, 118 Grease-wood, 119 Green Milkweed, 270 Grindelia, 338 Gromwell, 292 Gromwell, False, 293 Grossulariace-s:, 176 Ground-cherry, 300 Ground Ivy, 297 Ground Plums, 202 Ground-vine, 323 Gum Plant, 338 Grounsel Tree, 366 GUNNERACE^, 248 Gutierrezia, 337 Gymnolomia, 371 Gymnosperm^, 7 Gymnosteris, 279 Gyrostachys, 89 Hahenaria, 88 Hackberry, 100 Hair-grass, 30, 33 Halerpestes, 146 Haniosa, 204 Haploestes, 387 Harbouria, 252 Harebell, 325 Hawk-weed, 406 Hawk's beard, 404 Hawthorn, 192 Hazel-nut, 97 Hazel-nut Family, 97 Heal-all, 297, 305 Heath Family, 259 Hedeoma, 299 HEDERACEiE, 249 Hedgehog-thistle, 237 Hedge Hyssop, 312 Hedge Mustard, 157 Hedge Nettle, 297 HEDYSARE.E, 1 96 Hedysarum, 215 Helenie.e, 376 Helenium, 381 Helianthe^, 371 Helianthella, 374 H elianthemum , 232 Helianthus, 373 Heliopsis, 371 HEL10TROPACE.E, 284 Heliotrope, 284 Heliotrope Family, 284 Heliotropium, 284 Hellebore, White, 76 Helleborine, 88 Hemlock Parsnip, 255 Hemp Family, 100 Hemp, Indian, 269 Hemp, Water, 121 Henbane, Black, 303 Heracleum, 255 Herb-Sophia, 157 Herd-grass, 30 Hesperaster, 236 Heteranthera, 75 Heuchera, 172 Hickory Pine, 7 Hieracium, 406 438 INDEX. Hierochloe, 23 Hilaria, ro Hippurus, ;249 Hoffmanscggia, 194 Hog's-bean, 303 Hogs' Potatoe, 77 Hog-weed, 328 Holly-Fern, 2 Holodiscns, 188 Holy Grass, 23 Homalobus, 208 Homaloccnchrus. 22 Honey Clover {Melilotus) Honeysuckle Family, 323 Hop-tree, 221 Hops, 100 Hoarhound, Water, 299 Hoarhound, White, 296 HoRDEii:, 52 Hordeum, 55 Horkelia, 185 Horse-mint, 298 Horseweed, 366 Horsetail, 5 Horsetail Family, 5 Hosackia, 202 Huckleberry, 260 Huckleberry Family, 260 Humnlus, 100 Hungarian Grass, 21 Hyndrangeaceje, 17s Hydrangea Family, i75 Hydrocharitales, is HYDROLEACEiE, 281 Hydrophyllum, 282 Hymenatherum, 381 Hymenopappus, nd Hymenoxis, 380 Hyoscyamus, 303 hypericace.e, 231 Hypericales, 231 Hypericum, 231 Hyssop, Hedge, 312 Ibidium, 89 Indian Bread-root, 213 Indian Hemp, 269 Indian Mallow, 231 Indian Millet (Eriocoma) Indian-pipe Family, 258 Indian Grass, 20 Indigo, False, 213 lonoxalis, 220 lonidiutn, 234 Ipomoea 273 Iris, 86 Iris, 86 Iris Family, 86 Iron Weed, 335 Isocoma, 342 Isoetace.e, 5 Isoetales, 5 Jsoetes, 5 Italian Millet, 21 Iva. 328 Ivy, American, 228 Ivy, Poison, 225 Ivy Family, 249 Ixiace^, 86 Jacob's Ladder, 280 Jamesia, 176 Jimson-weed, 303 Joe-Pye Weed, 335 Johnson Grass, 20 Joint-firs, 10 Joint-fir Family, 10 Jonesiclla, 206 JuNCACEiE, 77 Juncoides, 80 Junctis, 77 June-berry, 191 June-grass, 38 JuniferacevE, 9 Juniper, Creeping, 10 Juniper, Low, 9 Juniper, Mountain, 9 Juniper Family, 9 Junipers, 9 Juniperus, 9, 10 Jussiwa Kahnia, 260 Kalstrcvmia, 220 Kentrophyta, 208 Kinnikinick, 259 Kitten-tails (Besseya) Knot-weed, 109 Kobresia, 60 Kochia, 119 Koeleria, 38 Krynitskia, 286-289 Kuhnia, 335 Kunzia, 1 89 Laciniaria, 336 Lactnca, 410 Ladies' Slipper, 87 Ladies' Tresses, 89 Lady-Fern, 4 Lady's Thumb, in Lamb's Quarters, 114 LamiacevE, 294 Lappula, 285 Larkspur, 137 Larrea, 221 Lathyrus, 216, 217 Laurel, American or Swamp, 260 Lavauxia, 246 Lead-plant, 213 INDEX. 439 Leather-flower, 141 Leek, 81 Lemna, 74 Lemnace^, 74 Leonnrits, 297 Lepachys, 372 Lepargyrcea, 239 Lepidiuin, 151 Leptasea, 174 Leptilon, 366 Leptochloa, 37 Leptodactylon, 279 Leptotccnia, 258 Lesquerella, 154 Lettuce, 410 Leiicampyx, 377 Leucelene, 358 Leucocrinum, 83 Lewisia, 126 Liatris, 336 Ligiisticum, 253, 255, 256 LlLIACE^, 82 LiLIALES, 76 Liluini, 83 Lily, 83 Lily, Mariposa, 85 Lily, Sego, 85 Lily, Tiger, 83 Lily Family, 82 Lily-of-the-valley Family, 83 LlMNANTHACE^, 225 Lhnnia, 126 Limnorchis, 88 Limosella, 312 LiNACEiE, 219 Linanthus, 276 Linaria, 305 Linncea, 323 Linuni, 219 Lion's-heart, 297 Lip-Fern, 3 Lippia, 294 Liquorice, Wild, 213 Listera, 89 Lithophragma, 171 Lithospermuni, 292 Little Clubmoss, 6 Little Red Elephant, 318 Lloydia, 83 LoASACE^, 234 Loasa Family, 234 Lobelia, 226 LOBELIACE^E, 326 Lobelia Family 326 Loco Weed, 203 Locust-tree, 202 Lodge Pole Pine, 8 Lolium, 57 Lomatimn, 256 Long-bracted Orchis, 87 Lonicera, 324 Loosestrife, 240 Loosestrife Family, 240 Loosestrife, Fringed, 263 Loosestrife, Tufted, 265 Lophanthus, 296 LORANTHACE^, 100 LoTE^, 195 Lousewort, 318 Lovace, 253 Love-vine (Citscuta) Lowellia, 381 Low Juniper, 9 Lucerne, 202 Lungwort, 289 Lupine, 197 Lnpinus, 197 Lusula, 80 Lychnis, 133 Lycium, 303 • Lycopodiace^, 6 Lycopodiales, 6 Lycopodiitm, 6 Lycopus, 299 Lycurus, 28 Lygodesmia, 404 Lyme-grass, 56 LythracevE, 240 Lythrum, 240 Lysiella, 88 MachcEr anther a, 356 Macrocalyx, 282 Macronema, 345, 346 Madder Family, 321 Madia, 376 Madronella, 299 MALACE.E, 191 Malacothrix, 404 Male-Fern, 2 Mallow, 229 Mallow, False, 230 Mallow, Indian, 231 Mallow Family, 229 Malva, 22g, 231 Malvace^, 229 Malvales, 229 Malvastrum, 230 Mamillaria, 237 Manna-grass, 48 Maple, 226 Maple Family, 226 Mare's-tail, 249 Marigold ( Tetraneuris) Marilaunidium, 284 Mariposa Lily, 85 Mariposa Lily Family, 85 Marsh Elder, 328 Marsh-grass, 35 Marsh-marigold, 135 440 INDEX. Marsh Pea, 217 Marsh Spike-grass, 40 Marsh Trifoil, 268 Marsilia, 5 Marsiliace^c, 5 Marsilia Family, s Martynia, 320 Martyniace^, 320 Marubium, 296 Matrimony Vine, 303 May-flower (Pulsatilla) May-weed, 382 Meadow-gowan. 135 Meadow-grass, 40, 48 Meadow-grass, Reed, 48 Meadow Parsnip, 252 Meadow-Rue, 147 Medic, 202 Medicago, 202 Melampodium, 37a MELANTHACEiE, 76 Melica, 39 Melic-grass, 39 Melilotus, 202 Melosfnon, 295 Mentha, 300 Mentselia, 23S-237 Menyanthace^, 268 Menyanthes, 268 Mereolix, 2^7 Mermaid, False, 225 Mertensia, 289 Mesquite, 20 Mesquite-grass, 36 Micrampelis, 325 Micranthes, 173 Microphacos, 207 Microseris, 403 Microsteris, 276 Milfoil {Achillea) Milfoil, Water, 249 Milk-thistle, 411 Milk Vetch, 203 Milkweed, 270 Milkweed Family, 270 Milkwort, 221 Milkwort, Sea, 264 Milkwort Family, 221 Millet, 21 Millet, Indian (Eriocoma) Millet, Italian, 21 M1M0SACE.E, 193 Mimosa Family, 193 Mimosa, Prairie, 194 Miiuuhis, 311 Mint, 300 Mint Family, 294 Mirabilis, 123 Mistletoe Family, 100 Mitella, 171, 172 Mitrc-wort, 171, 172 Mock Apple, 32s Mock Orange, 176 Machringia, 130 Mouarda, 289 Monardella, 299 Moncscs, 258 Monkey-flower, 311 Monk's-hood, 139 MONOCOTYLEDONES, II Monolepis, 116 MONOTROPACE^, 258 Moonwort, i Morning-glory, 273 Morning-glory Family, 273 Morongia, 194 Moschatel, 324 Moschatel Family, 324 Motherwort, 297 Mountain Ash, 193 Mountain Avens, 188 Mountain Forget-me-not, 286 Mountain Juniper, 9 Mountain Laurel (Ceanothns) Mountain Mahogany, 189 Mountain Rice, 25 Mountain Sorrel, 109 Mouse-ear Chick-weed, 128 Mouse-tail, 142 Mud-purslane, 231 Mudwort, 312 Muhlenbergia, 25 Mullen, 305 Munroa, 37 Muscaria, 173 Miisenion, 253 Musk-root, 324 Musquash Root, 252 Mustard, Hedge, 157 Mustard, White, 160 Mustard, Wild, 160 Mustard, Tansy, 157 Mustard Family, 150 Myosotis, 292 Myosiiriis, 142 Myriophyllum, 249 Myrtales, 240 Myzorrhiza, 320 Nabalus, 404 Naiadace^, 13 Naiadales, 12 Naias, 13 Naias Family, 13 Noma, 284 Nasturtium, 156 Naumburgia, 263 Navarretia, 279 Nemexia, 86 Nemophila, 282 INDEX. 441 Nepeta, 297 Nettle, 99 Nettle Family, 99 New Jersey Tea, 227 Nicotiana, 304 Nigger-head (Rudbeckia) Night-shade, 302 Night-shade, Enchanter's, 248 Night-shade Family, 300 Nine-bark, 179 Nodding Violet, 234 Nolina, 85 Notho Calais, 406 NotholcBna, 4 Nut-grass, 58 Nut Pines, 8 Nymphcea, 147 Nymph^ace^, 147 Oak, 97 Oak, Poison, 225 Oat-grass, 23, 34 Oat-grass, Wild, 35 Oats, 34 Oats, False, 33 Oats, Wild, 23 Odoslemon, 148 (Enothera, 244-247 Oleace^, 264 Oleales, 264 Oleaster Family, 239 Oligoneuron, 349 Olive Family, 264 Omphalodes, 286 Onagra, 244 One-flowered Wintergreen, 258 Onion, 81 Onion Family, 81 Onobrychis, 216 Onosmodium, 293 Oonopsis, 344 Ophioglossace^, I Ophioglossales, I Ophrys, 89 Opulaster, 179 Opuntia, 238 Opuntiales, 234 Orache, 116 Orchard-grass, 40 Orchidace;e, 87 Orchidales, 87 Orchid Family, 87 Orchid, Bog, 88 Orchid, Long-bracted, 87 Oregon Grapes, 148 Oreobatus, 180 Oreobroma, 126 Oreocarya, 286 Oreochrysum, 345 Oreoxis, 2^2 Orobanchace/E, 319 Orobanche, 320 Orogenia, 254 Orophaca, 211 Orpine, 170 Orpine Family, 169 Orpine, Red, 170 Orthocarpus, 317 Oryze^, 22 Oryzopsis, 25 Osmorrhiza, 251 Oxalidace^, 220 Oxalis, 220 Ox-eye, 371 Ox-eye Daisy, 382 Oxybaphus, 124 Oxypolis, 254 O.vyria, 109 Oxytenia, 328 Oxy trope, 212 Oxytropis, 212 Oyster Plant, 403 Ozomelis, 172 Pachylophus, 245 Pachystima, 226 Painter's Brush, 314 Painted Cup, 314 Pandanales, II PanicEvE, 20 Panic-grass, 21 Panicularia, 48 Panicum, 21 Papaver, 148 Papaverace^, 148 Papaverales, 148 Papyrus, 58 Parietaria, 99 Parnassia, 175 ParnassiacevE, 17s Paronychia, 121 Parosela, 214 Parsley-Fern, 3 Parsnip, 255 Parsnip, Meadow, 252 Parthenice, 371 Parthenocissus, 22S Pasque Flower, 140 Pastinaca, 255 Pea, Marsh, 217 Pea, Turkey, 254 Pea Family, 194 Pearly Everlasting, 370 Pearl-wort, 130 Pectiantia, 171 Pedis, 382 Pedicularis, 318 Pellcca, 3, 4 Pellitory, 99 Penny-grass, 152 442 INDEX. Pennyroyal, Joo Pencil Tree, 366 Pcntstcmon, 306 Pepper-grass, 151 Pcrainium, 89 Pcrapliyllum, 192 Pcricomc, 376 Pcritoma. 168 Pcrsicaria, 1 1 1 Pctalostcmon, 215 Pctasites, 387 Peteria, 202 Petradoria, 349 Pcucedannm, 256 Phaca, 205-210 Phacelia, 282 Phacopsis, 206 P11ALARIDE.E, 22 Phalaris, 22 Phegopteris, 2 Phellopterus, 254 Philadelphus, 176 Phileocera, 381 Philotria, 15 Pliippsia, 28 Phleiim, 28 Phlox, 274 Ptilox, 2y^ Phlox Family, 274 Phoradendron, 100 Phragmites, 2,7 Phyla, 294 Phyllodoce, 260 Physalis, 300 Physaria, 154 Physocarpus, 179 Physostegia, 297 F/ct-a, 8 Pickerell-weed Family, 75 Picradenia, 380 Picradeniopsis, 2,77 Picrothaninus, 382 Pigmy-weed, 169 Pig- weed, 114, 120 PlNACE^, 7 Finales, 7 Pine Drop, 258 Pine Family, 7 Pines, 7, 8 PlXGUICULACE^, 319 Pink Family, 132 Pifions, 8 Pinus, 7, 8 Piperia, 88 Pipsissewa, 258 Piptocalyx, 286 Plantaginace^, 320 Plantaginales, 320 Plantago, 320 Plantain, 320 Plantain, Rattlesnake, 89 Plantain Family, 320 Platyschkuhria, 2,77 Pleurogyuc, 267 Pluchea, 367 Plum Family, 193 Plums, 193 Poa, 40, 50 Poace^, 15 PoALES, 15 P0DALYRIE.E, 19s Poison Camass, 77 Poison Ivy, 225 Poison Oak, 225 Poinsettia, 225 Polanisia, 168 POLEMONIACE^, 274 POLEMONIALES, 27I Poleinonium, 280 Poliomintha, 298 Poly gala, 221 POLYGALACE^, 221 POLYGALALES, 221 POLYGONACE^, lOI POLYGONALES, I 01 Polygonatum, 85 Polygonum, 109, 111-113 Polypappus, 367 POLYPODIACE^, I Polypodiuin, 2 Polypody, 2 Polypogon, 30 Polypteris, 277 Polystichum, 2 Pome Blanche, 213 Pond-weed, 12 Pond-weed Family, 12 PONTEDERIACE^, 75 Poplar, 91 Poppy- 148 Poppy, Prickly, 148 Poppy Family, 148 Poppy Mallow, 229 Populiis, 91 Porcupine Grass, 23 Portulaca, 126 PORTULACACE^, 125 Potamogeton, 12 Potato, 302 Potatoe, Hogs', .77 Potentilla, 180, 186, 187 Poverty Grass, 23, 29 Powder-horn, 128 Prairie Bean {Thermopsis) Prairie Clover, 215 Prairie-grass, 38 Prairie Mimosa, 194 Prenanthella, 404 Prenanthes, 404 Prickly Pear, 238 INDEX. 443 Prickly Poppy, 148 Primrose, 261 Primrose Family, 261 Primula, 261 Primulace^, 261 Primulales, 261 Prionopsis, 345 Prosartes, 84 Prunella, 297 Prunus, 193 Pseudocymopterus, 256 Pseudotsuga, 8 Psilostrophe, 376 Psoralea, 2 1 3 Psoralen Ptelea, 221 Pteridium, 3 Pteridophyta, I Pteris, 3 Pterospora, 258 Pteryxia, 254 Ptilocalais, 403 Ptiloria, 403 Puccinellia, 48 Puccoon, 292 Pulsatilla, 140 Pumpkin, 325 Purple Cone-flower, 371 Purple Ground-cherry, 302 Purple Virgin's Bower, 141 Purshia, 189 Purslane, 126 Purslane Family, 125 Pussley, 126 Pyrola, 259 Pyrolace^, 258 Pyrrocoma, 344 Pyrtis, 193 Quack-grass, 52 Quaking-grass, 40 Quamoclidion, 123 Quercus, 97 Quillwort, 5 Quillwort Family, 5 Quincula, 302 Rabbit-brush, 340 Rag-weed, 328 Rag-weed Family, 327 Ram's-horn, 320 Ranales, 134 Ranunculace^, 134 Ranunculus, 142, 146 Raspberry, 180 Raspberry, Flowering, 180 Ratibida, zi- Rattle-snake Plantain, 89 Rattlesnake-root, 404 Razoumofskya, 100 Red Cedars, 9 RedHeldia. 38 Red Fir, 8 Red Orpine, 170 Red-top, 30 Red Willow {Svida') Reed, 2il Reed-grass, 31, 32 Reed-grass, Wood, 30 Reed Meadow-grass, 48 Resin-weed, 338 Ribes, 176 Rib-grass (Plaiitago) Rice Cut-grass, 22 Rice, Mountain, 25 Riddellia, 376 Rhamnales, 227 Rhamnus , 227 Rhinanthace^, 304 Rhinanthus, 319 Rhodiola, 170 Rhus, 225, 226 Robinia, 202 Rock-brake, 4 Rock-cress, 164 Rock Rose (Pachylophus) Rock-rose Family, 232 Rocky Mountain Red Cedar, 10 Rocky Mountain White Pine, 8 Rocky Mountain Yellow Pine, 7 Roripa, 155 Rosa, 190 Rosacea, 178 RosALES, 169 Rose, 190 Rose Family, 178 Rose-root, 170 Rose-wort, 170 Rubacer, 180 Rubber Plant, Colorado, 380 RuBiACE^, 321 RUBIALES, 321 Rubus, 180 Rudbeckia, 371 Rue Family, 221 Rulac, 227 Rum ex, 107 Running Pine, 6 Rush Family, 77 Rushes, 77 Russian Thistle, 120 RuTACE^, 221 Rydbergia, 380 Rye, Wild, 56 Rye-grass, 57 Sabina, 9 Sage, 298 Sage, White, 118 Sage, Winter, 118 44-4 INDEX. Sage-brush, 382 Sagina, 130 Sagittaria, 14 Salicace^e, 91 Salicales, 91 Salicornia, 119 Salix, 92 Salmon-berry, 180 Salomonia, 85 Salsify, 403 Salsola, 120 Salt-grass, 40 Salt-wort, 120 Salt-wort, Black, 263 Salvia, 298 Salviniales, s Sambucus, 323 Sandal-wood Family, 101 Sand-bur, 22 Sand-foin, 216 Sand-grass, 32, 37 Sand Lily {Toiiterea) Sand Puffs (Abronia) Sand-spur, 22 Sand Spurry, 132 Sandwort, 130, 131 Sanicula, 251 Santalace^, 1 01 Santalales, 100 Sapindales, 225 Saponaria, 134 Sarcobatus, 119 Savastana, 23 Savins, 9 Savin, Trailing, 10 Saxifraga, 173-175 Saxifragace^, 170 Saxifrage, 173 Saxifrage, Golden, 171 Saxifrage Family, 170 Scheuchzeriace^, 14 Schedonardus, 36 Schizachyriiim, 19 Schkuhria, 277 Schleropogon, 37 Schmaltzia, 226 Schccnocrambe, 157 Schrankia, 194 ScirpHs, 58 Scorpion-weed (Phacelia) Scrophularia, 305 Scullcap, 296 Scurvy-grass, 160 Scutellaria, 2g6 Sea Elite, 119 Sea Milkwort, 264 Sea-purslane, 124 Sedge, 60 Sedge Family, 57 Sedum, 170 Seed-bearing Plants, 7 Sego Lily, 85 Sclaginella, 6 SELAGlNELLACEiE, 6 Selaginella Family, 6 Self-heal, 297 Scnecio, 389 Senecionide^, 387 Senna Family, 194 Sensitive-brier, 194 Service-berry (Amelanchier) Sessuviuni, 124 Setaria, 22 Shepherdia, 239 Shepherd's Purse, 153 Shooting Star, 263 Shrubby Cinquefoil, 187 Sibbaldia, 187 Sida, 231 Sidalcea, 229 Sideranthus, 343 Sieversia, 188 Silene, 132 Silkweed, 270 Silver-leaf, 1^6 Silver Plant {Eriogonum) Sinapis, 160 Sisymbrium, 157 Sisyrinchiuni, 86-159 Sit anion, 55 Slum, 254 Skeleton-weed (Lygodesmia) Skunk-cabbage, 76 Skunk-grass, 38 Skunk-weed {Polemonium ) Slough-grass, 35 Smart-weed, iii Smelowskia, 153 Smilacace^, 86 Smilacina, 84 Smilax, 86 S mil ax, 86 Smilax Family, 86 Snake-root, 251 Snapdragon (Mimulus) Sneeze-weed, 381 Snow-ball, 323 Snow-berry, 323 Snow-on-the-mountain, 224 Soap-weed (Yucca) S0LANACE.E, 300 Solanuin, 302 Solidago, 346 Solomon's Seal (Salomonia), 85 Solomon's Seal, False, 84 Sonchus, 41 1 Sophia, 157 Sophora, 196 Sophore^, 195 Sorbiis, 193 INDEX. 445 Sorghastrum, 20 Sorghum, 20 Sorrel, 107 Sorrel, Mountain, 109 Sourgrass, 220 Sow-thistle, 411 Spanish Bayonet, 85 Spanish Lettuce, 126 Spanish Needles, 375 Sparganiace^, I I Sparganium, 1 1 Spartina, 35 Spatularia, 174 Specularia, 326 Speedwell, 312 Spermatophyta, 7 SphcEralcea, 230 Sphcerostigma, 247 Spiderwort, 75 Spiderwort Family, 75 Spike-grass, Marsh, 40 Spikenard, Wild, 84 Spike-rush, 59 Spircca, 189 Spiranthes, 89 Spleenwort, 4 Spondiace^, 225 Sporobolus, 27, 28, 29 Spring Beauty, 125 Spring Beauty, Water, 126 Spring Lily (Leucocrinum) Spruces, 8 Spurge, 222, 224 Spurge Family, 222 Squaw root (Carum) Squirrel-grass, 55 Stachys, 297 Staff-tree Family, 226 Stanley a, 167 Star of Bethlehem (Leucocrinmn) Starwort, 127 Starwort, Water, 225 Steironema, 263 Stenophragma, 159 Stenosiphon, 247 Stenotus, 345 Stephanomeria, 403 Stick-seed, 285 Stink-grass, 38 Stipa, 23 Stitchwort, 127 St. John's Wort, 231 St. John's Wort Family, 231 Stone-crop, 170 Strawberry, 186 Strawberry Blite, 116 Strawberry Tomato, 300 Streptanthus, 166 Streptopus, 84 Siiceda, 120 Suckleya, 118 Sugar Corn, 20 Sullivantia, 173 Sumac, 226 Sumac Family, 225 Sun-flower, 373 Svida, 249 Swamp Laurel, 260 Swamp Potato (Sagittaria) Sweet Cicely, 251 Sweet Clover, 202 Sweet Coltsfoot, 387 Sweet Flag, 74 Swertia, 267 Switch-grass, 21 Symphoricarpos, 323 Syntherisma, 20 Synthyris, 313 Syringa, 176 Talinum, 125 Tansy-mustard, 157 Tape-grass Family, 15 Taraxacum, 409 Taraxia, 247 Tar-weed, 376 Telesonix, 173 Tellima, 171 Tetradymia, 398 Tetragoniace^, 124 Tetraneuris, 378 Teucrium, 295 Thalesia, 320 Thalictrum, 147 Thamnosma, 221 Thaspium, 257 Thelypodium, 166 Thelesperma, 375 Thermopsis, 197 Thistle, 398 Thistle, Russian, 20 Thistle Family, 329 Thlaspi, 152 Thorough-wort, 335 Thorn-apple, 303 Thymeliales, 239 Tickle-grass, 30 Tick-seed, 374 Tiger Lily, 83 Tillcoa, 1 69 Tillceastrum, 169 Timothy, 28 Tiniaria, 113 Tiorin, 30 Tissa, 132 Tithymalus, 224 Tium, 204 Toad-flax, 305 Toad-flax, Bastard, loi Tobacco, 304 446 INDEX. Tonestus, 345 Toutcrca, 234 Torcnscudia, 349 Toxicoscordion, ~-j Trachyphytum, 236 Tradcscantia, 75 Tragia, 222 Tragopogon, 403 Trailing Savin, 10 Tribiilus, 220 Trichachne, 21 Tridcns, 38 Trifoil, Birdsfoot, 202 Trifoil, Marsh, 268 Trifolie.h, 195 Trifolium, 200 Triglochin, 14 Trilliace^, 86 Trillium, 86 Trillium Family, 86 Triodia, 37, 38 Triplasis, 37 Trisctnm, 33, 34 Trollius, 135 Troximon, 406, 408, 409 Tufted Loosestrife, 263 Turkey Pea, 254 Turnips, 160 Tiirritis, 157 Twayblade, 89 Twin-flower, 323 Twisted-stalk, 84 • Typha, 1 1 Typhace^, II Ulmace^, 100 Umbellales, 249 Umbrella-wort, 123 Unamia, 351 Unicorn-plant, 320 Unicorn-plant Family, 320 Urtica, 99 URTICACEvE, 99 Urticales, 99 Utricularia, 319 Vaccaria, 134 Vacciniace^, 260 Vaccinium, 260 Vagnera, 84 Valerian, 326 Valeriana, 326 Valerianace^, 326 Valerianales, 326 Valerian Family, 326 Vanilla Grass, 23 Vase-vine, 141 Velvet-leaf, 231 Venus' Looking-glass, 326 Venus' Slipper (Cytherea) Ve rat rum, 76 Verbascum, 305 Verbena, 294 Verbenace^, 294 Verbesina, 374 VERNONIEyE, 335 Vernonia, 335 Veronica, 312 Vervain, 294 Vervain Family, 294 Vesicaria, 155 Vetch, 216 Vetchling, 217 Viburnum, 323 Vicia, 216 V1CIC.E, 196 Vilfa, 27 Viola, 2 2,2 Violace^, 232 Violet, 232 Violet, Dog-tooth, 83 Violet, Nodding, 234 Violet Family, 232 Violet Wood-sorrel, 220 Viorna, 141 Virginia Creeper, 228 Virgin's Bower, 141 Virgin's Bower, Purple, 141 VlTACE^, 228 Vitis, 228 Wake-robin, 86 Water Ash, 221 Water-cress, 155 Water-crowfoot, White, 142 Water Hemlock, 252 Water Hemp, 121 Water Hoarhound, 299 Water-leaf, 282 Water-leaf Family, 281 Water Lily, Yellow, 147 Water-lily Family, 147 Water Milfoil, 249 Water Milfoil Family, 248 Water Parsnip, 254 Water Parsnip. Cut-leaved, 253 Water-plantain, 14 Water-plantain Family, 14 Water Spring Beauty, 126 Water Starwort, 225 Water Starwort Family, 225 Water-weed, 15 Water-wort, 231 Water-wort Family, 231 Water Whorl-grass, 39 Washingtonia, 251 Wedelia, 124 Wheat-grass, 52 White Evening Primrose, 244 White Fir, 9 INDEX. 447 White Hellebore, "jd White Hoarhound, 296 White Mustard, 160 White Sage, 118 White Spruce, 8 White Water-crowfoot, 142 Whitlow-grass, 161 Whitlow-wort, 121 Whitlow-wort Family, 121 Whorl-grass, Water, 39 Wild Bergamot, 298 Wild Crab-grass, 36 Wild Liquorice, 213 Wild Morning-glory, 273 Wild Mustard, 160 Wild Oat-grass, 35 Wild Oats, 23 Wild Rye, 56 Wild Sarsaparilla, 249 Wild Spikenard, 84 Willow, 92 Willow Family, 91 Willow-herb, 241 Wind-flower, 140 Winter-cress, 160 Wintergreen, 259 Wintergreen, Creeping, 259 Wintergreen, one-flowered, 258 Wintergreen Family, 258 Winter Sage, 118 Wire Grass, 23, 29 Witch-grass, 21 Wood-Fern, 2 Wood Reed-grass, 30 Wood-rush, 80 Woodsia, 2 Wood-sorrel, Violet, 220 Wood-sorrel, Yellow, 220 Wood-sorrel Family, 220 Wormwood, 382 Wulfenia, 313 Wyethia, 372 Xanthium, 329 Xanthoxalis, 220 Ximenesia, 374 Xylophacos, 206 Xylorrhiza, 351 Xyridales, 75 Yard-grass {Polygonum) Yarrow, 382 Yellow-rattle, 319 Yellow Water-lily, 147 Yellow Wood-sorrel, 220 Yucca, 8s Yucca, 85 Yucca Family, 85 Zanichellia, 13 Zanichelliace^, 12 Zinnia, 2,71 Zizia, 252 ZoYSiE^, 20 Zygadenus, 76, 77 Zygophyllace^, 220 Zygophyllidium, 224 ERRATA. Page 2, line 15, Northolaena read Notholaena. Page 55, Ageliops, read Aegilops. Page 120, lines 5, 7, 10, 13, " Sivaeda," read "Suaeda." Page 131, line 18 " Callian," read " Calhan." Page 150, lines 19 and 20 go out, and the numbers for Roripa, Turritis, Schocnocrambe and Sisymbrium become 9, 10, 11, and 12 re- spectively. Page 155-167, the numbers of Roripa and the following genera of Brassi- CACEAE should be changed to agree with the numbers in the key. Page 171, Pectianthia, read Pectiantia. Page 189, line 21, " Mountain Holly," read " Mountain Mahogany." Page 190, The numbers in the key to Rosa should be changed to agree with those in the list following. Page 192, The first five localities under Amelanchier alnifolia belong to A. oreophila instead. Page 201, Trifolium pratensis read Trifolium pratense. Page 202, line 30 " Bird's-foot Treefoil " read Bird's-foot Trefoil. Page 208, Numbers in the key of Kentrophyta should be changed to cor- respond with those of the following list. Page 216, The number of Vicia should be 35 instead of 33 and on Page 217, that of Lathyrus 36 instead of 34. 448 New York Botanical Garden Library QK185.R6C.3 gen Rydbem, Per Axel/Flora of Colorado 3 5185 00133 9413